iMsMii^iwiiii^ EA"V^.iS.!^uv'. w^-'J':-,-',w.' ;'i:::' .■::!'>,i-i-/-v {/ ..■,;■ 'i Addiscombe Its Heroes and Men of Note UNIVERSITY OF CALiFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES ADDISCOMBE ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE "♦t"' Tarewell ,T^e good old times thcvt are vza more ^e ULughina , smohin-q, drLTihiriQ days qfuor^e rV fieri- yrie7ids ujerejv^iertdj,^- hearts united all ^rouTzd thej^estiue boards hoth greut Sf small Jvere i^et urT^tavrited by fietti/ b/ra?itj ' cranes .-x/ ton^ , a lon^ Jay-eivelL to ^\z ®crrr^ W\^ (lltmLVDRAS) ENGINEERS WITH AN INTRODUCTION BY LORD ROBERTS OF KANDAHAR WITH NUMEROUS ILLUSTRATIONS AND PLANS WESTMINSTER ARCHIBALD CONSTABLE AND CO. 14 FARLIAMENT STREET, SAY, 1894 •i«ne»T ««iT«.iifc >- < 3= 2Q 054^ TO HER MOST GRACIOUS MAJESTY VICTORIA, EMPRESS OF INDIA, THIS RECORD OF ADDISCOMBE, WHICH PRODUCED SUCH A NUMBER OF REALLY GREAT MEN- DISTINGUISHED BY THE SHARE THEY HAD IN THE CONQUEST AND CONSOLIDATION OF THE INDIAN EMPIRE, IS BY SPECIAL PERMISSION DEDICATED. Si ^' 35S045 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA. Page 390, line 8,/^r " Brook Cunliffe, Esq." read " Robert Tyser, Esq., M.D. Page 310, line 19, for " December" read '■'■ ]\ine.'' Names of C.\dets Omitted owing to Defects in the Records at THE India Office, Cadets who passed into Addiscombe, January, i860, and who were commis- sioned there from December, i860, in R.A. and R.E. by open competition : — A. A. Jopp, R.E. H. H. Hardinge, R.A. R. R. E. Brockman, R.E. H. F. Gaimes, R.A. K. C. Pye, R.E., Pollock Medal. W. A. J. Wallace, R.E. A. E. Turner, R.A. R. J. McClure, R.E. W. J. R. Harrison, R.E. C. W, Long, R.A. J. F. Brough, R.A. E. Stedman, R.A. C. H. Spragge, R.A. H. H. Hallett, R.A. B. Blood, R.E. A. N. Pearse, R.A. Cadets who passed in in June, i860, and were transferred to R. M. Academy, January, 1861, and commissioned from Woolwich, December, 1861 : — C. S. Beauchamp, R.E., ist Pollock W. Osborn, R.E. Medallist at R.M.A. T. B. B. Savi, R.E. J. F. Maurice, R.A. A. H. Hime, R.E. J. W. Joseph, R.A. T. C. Capper, R.A. G. W. Gififord, R.E. C. E. Souper, R.A. L. F. Boileau, R.E. A. Laing, R.A. E. Waller, R.A. G. S. Chiene, R.A. W. F. Sedgwick, R.E. A. F. Cumberlege, R.A. A. W. Baird, R.E. C. B. Sandys, R.A. ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA C. R. Foulger, R.A. T. Disney, R.A. C. G. Pridden, R.E. F. L. Weston, R.A. E. H. Blenkinsop, R.A. J. Keith, R.A. R. Warburton, R.A.. J. B. Lawrence, R.A. J. Day, R..-^. G. H. Marshall, R.A. Of the above the following have been decorated : — R.A. Col. A. E. Turner, C.B. R.E. Col. B. Blood, C.B., Comdt. Bengal Sappers. R.A. Major-Gen. E. Stedman, C.B., Q.M.G. India. R.E. Col. W. A. J. Wallace, CLE., Dir. N.W. Railway, Lahore. R.A. Col. J. F. Maurice, C.B., Professor of Staff College. R.E. Lieut.-Col. A. H. Hime, C.M.G. R.A. Lieut.-Col. R. Warburton, C.S.I., Pol. Off., Rhyber. R.A. Lieut.-Col. James Keith, D.S.O. Omitted in previous list (1859) : — M.A. Lieut. (September, 1870) Percy Sanderson, C.M.G., Consul-General, New York. The number of Addiscombe cadets who have received decorations thus amounts to 240. Page 163. The following fragment of " Our Addiscombe lads for a toast " has been sent me by a cadet of 1840-42 : — " With his coat faced with red and shoulder-knots bright. His 'bezzars' too large and trousers too tight. His dress cap and belt quite twenty years old, Here's our Addiscombe lad with heart true as gold ! Oh, we are the lads for the army. Our lass and our grog is our boast ; But, ladies, don't let me alarm you. Here's our Addiscombe lads for a toast !" The motto, " Non faciam vitio culpave minorem " is a quotation (altered) from the Si.xth Satire, Book II. , of Horace : — " Si neque majoreni feci ratione mala rem Nee sum facturus vitio culpave minorem." 2 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA Frontispiece. — I ought to have mentioned that it was drawn in 1859 by Cadet G. Wymer, having been designed by Cadet G. Brown. The hnes below were written by Cadet J. Cookesley, who died while on service in the Looshai Campaign. It was presented to "Mother" Rose by Cadet J. Butchart, and given to me by her last year. It represents two cadets (one dressed in the coatee uniform, while the other is attired in the tunic introduced in 1858) mourning over the approach of the end of the " Good Old Times," and regretting that a time has arrived when old friends must part. The picture of the "Rosh" was drawn and lithographed by Cadet W. H. Pierson, afterwards Major Bengal Engineers. Another excellent picture of it was drawn by Cadet Horace C. Brown, 1855-57, and is now in the possession of his brother, G. Peploe Brown, who kindly sent me a photograph of it. The portrait of Sir E. Stannus was obtained through the kind assistance of Gen. Stannus, C.B., a cousin of Sir Ephraim. The caricature by Cadet A. D. Butler was sent me by Col. W. Merriman, Bo. Engineers. The old engraving of Addiscombe was sent by Major Humphreys, now at Chelsea Hospital. The sketches of Dr. Anderson, Mr. Parker, Mr. Fielding, and Mr. Haughton were drawn by Cadet Maisey, and sent to me by Gen. G. W. Walker, M.E. The illustration of the Pollock Medal I was enabled to get by the kindness of Major-Gen. W. Maxwell Campbell, B.E. The caricature of Sir F. Abbott, Col. Donnelly, Lieut. Armstrong and his dog, and Lieut. Luard was drawn by Lieut, (now Col.) C. Luard, B.E., and sent to me by Major-Gen. Sir J. Donnelly, R.E., son of Col. Donnelly. Thirty-four of the illustrations are from old photographs obtained from various sources, while the sketches of " Old Staff" and the sergeants were sent to me by a distinguished officer, who prefers to remain unknown. With regard to the remarks regarding Thackeray, on pages 61 and 62, it may be of interest to state that about 1847-48 Thackeray paid a short visit of a day or two to the orderly officer at Addiscombe, Lieut, (now Major-Gen. Sir Frederick) Goldsmid, K.C.S.I., C.B. He accompanied that officer to chapel in the evening, and expressed a wish to see the Lieut-Governor's house, and was deeply affected on entering the room which had many years before been his mother's bedroom (Mrs. Carmichael Smyth). An interesting account of this visit, and another paid by Lieut. Goldsmid to the great novelist, at 13, Young Street, Kensington, appeared in the "Athenseum," on April nth, 1891. The last visit was made when " Vanity Fair " had just been completed, and Thackeray was engaged on " Pendennis." 3 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA ''^ Mother" Rose. — A marble slab has been placed in Beddington churchyard on the tomb of" Mother" Rose, with the following inscription : - " In Memory of Dorcas, widow of John Rose, who died May, 1894, in her 85th year. She was for 20 years 'Mother' Rose, OF Addiscombe College, where by her invariable kindness, sympathy, and sweetness of disposition she obtained the kindly regards of a long line of Cadets. " This Slab has been erected by Officers in token of their respect and kindly feeling." The Ordnance Arms. The well-known Arms of the " Honourable Board of Ordnance" was originally granted by Warrant of King Charles II. It became at once the recognized badge worn on the uniform of all branches of the Ordnance Service. Amongst these the principal was the Corps of Fee'd Gunners, an ancient body of men, sometimes called the King's Gunners, dating back to Plantagenet times, who under the orders of their officers, the Master-General of the Ordnance, the Lieutenant of the Ordnance, and the Master-Gunner of England, formed the nucleus out of which the great corps of the Royal Artillery and Royal Engineers ultimately sprang. Indeed, although since 1854 the office of Master-General, and with it the Colonelcy of the R.A. and R.E., has been merged in that of Commander-in- Chief, yet that of the "Master-Gunner" still is represented by General Sir Collingwood Dickson, G.C.B., V.C, Colonel Commandant of the Royal Artil- lery, who holds a special commission for that office. There has thus been an unbroken succession of Master-Gunners since the first was made by King Edward III. in the person of a Fleming captured at the battle of Sluys, that Trafalgar of the Middle Ages. When in 17 19 the Artillery Service of the Crown assumed a regimental form, in order to assimilate it to the other branches of the Service it carried the Ordnance Arms as its special and unique device. The East India Company when forming their Artillery Corps, at the end of the last century, obtained the services of certain officers and non-commissioned officers of the Royal Artillery, who thus became the fathers of the Indian Artillery regiments. These men carried to their new Corps their old badge of the three guns and shot. 4 ADDENDA AND CORRIGENDA WTien Addiscombe was founded in 1809 the Royal Military Academy was taken as a model, the cadets forming an Artillery Company in blue, and wearing the same Ordnance badge. In 1861 the Indian Corps returned to the parent stock ; and even the last batch of Addiscombe Ordnance cadets received their commissions at the " Shop" on Woolwich Common. The last vestige of this old distinction disap- peared from the Army when a solitary field-gun was substituted for the three guns on the buttons of the Artilleiy, about fifteen years ago. This is very much to be regretted. The Ordnance Arms was an ocular demonstration of the fact that the Artillery and Engineers were the senior corps in the Army, acknowledged by the position of honour assigned to them on the right of the line. It was the badge under which they had done so much all over the globe to establish the British Empire, and borne by them down to a period within the memory of men now living. What is their distinction to-day ? The Royal Arms, a field-gun, and a motto, which they share with a comparatively modern battalion of the line, the late 95th. A poor substitute indeed ! Wearing the Royal Arms can hardly be con- sidered a special distinction, as it is worn by most, if not all line battalions, and all departmental Corps on their buttons. It is too late for the Queen's Artillery and Engineers to petition for a restora- tion of their glorious old achievement, now relegated to War Department tugs and lighters. INTRODUCTION. The history of a school which has produced in the short time it was in existence such a number of really great men — men distinguished by the share they had " in the conquest and consolidation of the Indian Empire" — requires no words of mine to commend it to the general public ; while for all old Addis- combe cadets like myself, this record of an institution to which we owe so much cannot fail to have a peculiar interest. We must always feel proud of having belonged to a school which has sent forth such men as Henry Lawrence, Eldred Pottinger, Arthur Cotton, Proby Cautley, Robert Napier, Henry Durand, John Jacob, Baird Smith, Harry Tombs, Henry Yule, and many others — not only soldiers, but administrators — who throughout their glorious careers did their duty wMth that singleness of heart and honesty of purpose for which the Anglo-Indian official is so justly conspicuous, and which have gained for Englishmen the respect and confidence of the people of India. Life in India, where almost every European, whether civilian or soldier, is often placed at an early age in positions of great responsibility, in which his powers of self-reliance, calm judg- ment, and prompt action have continually to be exercised, has, no doubt, much to say to the remarkable ability displayed by our countrymen in dealing with great and sudden emergencies, and to their unhesitating and determined action in times of A 2 vi INTRODUCTION difficulty and danger. I think, however, that as "the child is father of the man," a great deal was due to Addiscombe. It was a rough and ready sort of school, but the strict discipline and continuous work and study enforced there were good training. When thinking over the careers of the distinguished men who were educated at Addiscombe, one feels inclined to wonder whether the greater refinement — indeed luxuries — to be found in some schools of the present day is as beneficial to boys as the less softening influences of Addiscombe, and whether it is likely to be attended by the same excellent results. Be that as it may, there is no question of what Addiscombe did. Twice every year between forty and fifty young fellows, well educated, highly principled, and with a knowledge of what hard work meant, left the Honourable East India Company's Military Semi- nary, prepared to uphold the honour of their country, and to fight for its interests in a land where, as has been truly said, " Everything — public safety, national honour, personal reputation, — rests on the force of individual character," Colonel Vibart's book is very pleasantly written, and will, I feel confident, meet with the success it deserves. He has taken great pains to collect facts and amusing incidents about Addis- combe. The likenesses he has succeeded in obtaining of the various authorities connected with the old place are good enough to recall the faces of those for whom we Addiscombe men retain a kindly feeling, even though we may not always have treated them with that respect and deference which we ought to have shown. Roberts. CONTENTS. PAGE Introduction by Lord Roberts of Kandahar . . . . v Addenda and Corrigenda viii Narrative Account of the Military Seminary at Addiscombe i A Brief Record of the Services of Distinguished Officers . 317 A List of all the Cadets who passed through Addiscomi;e . 660 Index 705 Alphabetical Index of Cadets 737 ADDENDA. " Mother" Rose died at St. Mary's Almshouses, Wallington, on 2i.-5t May, and was interred in BeJdington Churchyard on 26th May, 1894. Honours in Gazette, 26th May, 1S94 : " Sir James Abbott, B.A., K.C.B." Corrigenda. Page 13, line 3, y<7;' Dana; ;r«(/ Danae. Page 43, line 19, y^r proportiona ;',for 1848-42 riad 1848-49. Page 291, line 26, for hy read hy. Page 301, line 22, for shirk nv?(/ shrink. Page 305, line 21, for Stranan ;'(?aaf Strahan. Page 333, line 9, for ar reod at. Page 347, line i,for the visited read wWited the. Page 366, line 24, for 1833 trad 1803. Page 401, line 10, for Kudjah read Kuldjah. Page 421, line 22, for K.C.B. irad G.C.B. Page 455, line 2\,for changes ;'m^ charges. Page 462, line 28, for Chehab read Chenab. Page 496, line 1%, for Lordl Cyde read Lord Clyde. Page 600, line 9, for abul Carrived read Cabul arrived. Page 601, line S,for Charasia read Charasialj. I'age 609, line 22,, for Badla-ka-Serai read Badle-ka-Serai. Page 610, line \'],for first read ^'>\.. Page 623, line ^,for tranquilitly /r^r/ tranquillity. LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. GE NO Halt. Good Old Times Addisco.mbe, from an old engravinc. Study Court Addiscombe, East Front .... Addiscombe, West Front .... General View from N.E. showing Upper Lod Chapel and Clock Turret .... Nos. I, 2, and 4, Barracks and Sand-Modelli Arcade in Study Court .... No. 4, Barrack, and Guns .... Sand-Modelling Halt Lower Lodge Upper Lodge and Mrs. Webb's House Dr. Anderson and Mr. Parlour Mr. Fielding and Mr. Haughton Mr. Bowles Rev. Jonathan Cape Pencil Sketch of Cadets of 1826-27 . "Old Staff" Col. Sir E. Stannus, afterwards Lieut.-Governoi- "Station L," West Lodge, Addington Park Mr. J. C. SCHETKY Rev. a. Wrigley Rev. W. H. Johnstone Group of Professors Inciirald, Jackson, and MONS. Contanseau The Pollock Medal Frontispiece Wrigley II 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 47 65 11> 79 91 93 105 130 135 143 146 149 152 166 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS Major-General Sir Frkdk., Ladv and Miss Arbott Col. Donnelly Croup of Professors Portrait of Capt. Hyde Portrait of A. Penley, Esq Portrait of Capt, Tate Portrait of Col. Rowlandson . Portrait of Cotton Mather, Esq. Sketch of Seroeant-Major Bruce Sketch of Ser(;eant Reid . Sketch of Serc.eant Murray (Squasher) Sergeant-Major and Five Sergeants Sketch of Ser(;eant Cook . Sergeant Cook drilling a Squad of '"Green Sketch of Sergeant-Major Lumber Picture of the "Rosh" Portrait of "Mother" Rose "Mother" Rose's Cottage . Portrait of "Paddy" . Groltp of "Tarts," "Mother Crust," and the Barber "Judas," a Study-man . Portrait of Sir Fredk. Smith, K.H., M.l'., last Public Examiner 2 Caricature of Sir Fredk. Abbott, Col. Donnelly, and others Portrait of Lieut. Armstrong, last Orderly Officer PACE 191 201 207 210 21 I 213 217 219 236 239 241 243 244 246 251 285 286 290 292 294 297 3'i 320 Plans of the Buildings and Grounds of Addiscomee. INTRODUCTORY. In the middle of last century, the Hon. East India Company required a comparatively limited number of cadets for their army, and they obtained the requisite supply by appointment from home or in India. All cadets were appointed to the In- fantry, and from these a selected few were drafted into the Engineers and Artillery. At first, the Infantry being the favourite service, it was difficult always to find vokmteers for the more scientific branches. Some were at that time drafted from the Naval Service, but it was found that these were often unfitted by education or character for the Engineers and Artillery. The Court of Directors at the instance of the Select Committee in Bengal in 1765, endeavoured to procure gentlemen who had been educated at Woolwich. A reference to Kane's list will shew that several officers of the Royal Artillery and Engineers were allowed to leave the regiment for the Company's Service, though it does not appear that all came into the scientific corps. In 1786 the Court of Directors finally disallowed the appointment in India of young men for their service. These had been termed "Country" cadets, in contradistinction to "Europe" cadets. It is probable that these "Country" cadets not having sufficient 2 AD DISCO M BE interest with the Court of Directors to procure appointments, came out to India on speculation, but the term did not imply that they were born or brought up in India. So matters went on till 1798, when the Court of Directors were permitted to place a number of lads at the Royal Military Academy at Wool- wich for their Engineers and Artillery. On the 14th June, 1798, the Lieut. -Governor of the Royal Military Academy was addressed on the subject. In this letter the "Regulations which His Lordship, the Master General, has been pleased to institute for the future government of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, in order that the benefits of the Education at that Institution may be extended to the East India Company's Service" were communicated. These Regulations were to be carried into effect from the 1st July, 1798. The Company of Gentlemen Cadets was augmented from 90 to 100. The 10 additional cadets were appointed on the recom- mendation of the Court of Directors — who were to nominate to 2 vacancies out of every 5 that might occur (exclusive of those among their own cadets), until they had 40 at Woolwich. The Court of Directors had to pay at the rate of ^100 per annum for each of their cadets at Woolwich, and 2S. 6d. per diem for each of those at the preparatory schools. In addition to this, the Company had to pay ^3,000 for providing accom- modation at Woolwich in consequence of this arrangement. For some years cadets for the Engineers and Artillery selected the corps to which they wished to belong after their arrival in India. It was, how^ever, ruled in 1809 that cadets were to be called upon to make their election for one of the two branches on the expiration of 2 months from date of arrival in India, and before the relative rank of the Fireworkers of Artillery ap- ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 3 peared in general orders. All cadets electing for the Engineers were examined by the Chief Engineer and Surveyor General, and on being reported qualified were posted thereto. The Institution at Baraset intended to perfect officers in a knowledge of their profession and of the Hindustani language, was only for Infantry cadets. It was found not to answer, and was abolished in 1 8 1 1 . This arrangement at Woolwich was continued until the East India Company started a Seminary of their own at Addiscombe. The statement below shows at a glance the numbers of the Company's cadets educated at Woolwich, Marlow, and under Private Tuition, from 1803 to 1809. 1803 1804 1805 1806 1807 1808 1809* Woolwich 25 35 40 39 46 38 18 Marlow 16 16 15 14 12 13 none Privately 36 30 17 9 18 24 7 * In 1809 the Seminary at Addiscombe was started and 58 were educated there. The supply of officers for the more scientific arms was insuf- ficient, and owing to the continuance of the French war, uncer- tain, so the Court of Directors came to the determination of having a Military Academy of their own. The following remarks as to the position of the British in India at the close of the last, and during the first few years of the present, century will show how very much more important it had now become to have a good supply of educated officers for the Company's Army, than it had previously been. 4 ADD IS COM BE In the year 1 798 the extent of British India was comparatively limited. At this time Lord Mornington, afterwards Marquis Wellesley, arrived as Governor-General. The objects he had in view were to drive the French out of India, and to crush Tippoo at Mysore and Seringapatam — from both of which powers our authority and influence were in imminent danger. Lord Mornington first made an alHance with the Nizam against Tippoo, and endeavoured to do the same with the Mahrattas — but there he failed. Tippoo's offensive and defensive alliance with France, and the landing of a French army in Egypt made affairs more serious. In 1799 the war with Tippoo began, which ended in the capture of Seringapatam and the death of Tippoo, and from that time the British Government became the dominant power of India. The Marquis of Wellesley now desired to start a political system in which "the Native States were to surrender their international life to the British Govern- ment in return for British protection." The Nizam accordingly became a feudatory ; but the Peishwa at Poona refused, while Sindia was still more refractory. Lord Wellesley was seriously afraid of Zemaun Shah in Af- ghanistan, and proposed an alliance to Sindia against Zemaun Shah. Sindia refused the alliance, considering that there was no probability of Zemaun Shah invading India. \\'ellesley feared Zemaun Shah without cause, but he had no means of ascer- taining what was really going on in Afghanistan. Having been rebuffed both by the Peishwa and Sindia, Lord Wellesley determined to do the best he could to protect Oude — he therefore called on the Nawab Vizier of Oude to disband his own army, and to apply the money thus saved to the maintenance of a larger number of the Company's army. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 5 As the Nawab refused to comply, Lord Wellesley coerced him, and took haH' his territory to enable him to protect the remaining half. It was at this time also, that a mission was sent to Persia to counteract any designs that the French might entertain there. Sindia was anxious to support the Peishwa against English influence, and he attempted to secure Holkar's territory for himself, but finally Jeswant Row Holkar defeated them, secured Poona, and the Peishwa fled. It was then that the Peishwa agreed to become a feudatory. A Mahratta war now became inevitable. In 1803 the Peishwa was restored by the English, but in spite of this he was im- ploring Sindia and the Raja of Berar to deliver him from them. Sindia endeavoured to get Holkar on their side. Then followed the jMahratta war with Sindia and the Bhonsla (of Berar. j The battle of Assaye was fought in September, 1803, and was followed by that of Argaum. Lord Lake defeated Perron's cavalry at Alighur, marched on Delhi, defeated the French infantry and entered Delhi as a conqueror — Ouchterlony was placed in charge of Delhi as Resident to the Old Mogul Emperor. The campaign closed with the capture of Agra, and the battle of Laswari. In 1804 Lord Wellesley had completed his scheme for the Government of India. Jeswant Row who had usurped Holkar's throne now became troublesome, and preparations were made for attacking him. General Lake moved into Rajpootana, and sent an advance under Monson; Monson got into difficulties, and ordered a retreat on Mokundra Pass. Here he was at- tacked by Holkar's army, but repulsed it; unfortunately after this he continued his retreat. This was during the rainy season, and the retreat finally became a disorderly rout. Jeswant Row advanced on Delhi, but was repulsed by Ouchterlony. Bhurtpore 6 ADDISCOMBE now revolted, and sided with Jeswant Row. T.akc attempted the capture of Bhurtpore, but failed. He, however, defeated Holi Foraging-cap, Pantaloons, i ^ . ; Quarterly. Gaiters, \ - ■' Shoes every 2 months, and with medical attendance and washing. Each cadet was furnished with the necessary books, station- ery, drawing and mathematical instruments ; and the Seminary was supplied with philosophical instruments and the requisite apparatus and materials to pursue the courses of chemical lec- tures. The woollen clothes were of superfine cloth. The cadets were also supplied with linen when necessary in the opinion of the Head Master. Before completing this opening chapter it will be as well to describe the mansion-house and grounds, explaining how from time to time various additions were made, so as to show what Addiscombe was in the later years of its existence. When Addiscombe was first purchased in 1809 it had only some 58 acres belonging to it, but in 1823 it was found ne- cessary to purchase some 5 more acres — as it was proposed to sell this ground for the purpose of erecting shops on it, and this could not be tolerated. The price given for this land was ^955. In 1826 two meadows were rented from Mr. Delme Radcliffe as tenants at will for ^92 io.s\ per annum. They contained over 24 acres with an extensive pond (afterwards called the Cold- stream), a suitable and retired bathing-place for the cadets. In June, 1850, Mr. Radcliffe gave notice to the Company to quit at Midsummer, when the Company resolved to purchase it. The w O u m Q Q < 22 ADDISCOMBE value of the land was estimated I at about £16^^ an acre) at ^4,031, and sums paid for timber and interest made the total expense up to ^4,462. It will thus be seen that since 1826 practically the lands attached to the Seminary amounted to about 88 acres, and that in 1850 all this was actually the property of the Company. About 2-3rds of this land were utilised as a farm, while the remainder, some 30 acres, formed the grounds with which the cadets were most familiar. The mansion-house stood in about the centre of these 30 acres. To the south the grounds were bounded by a road running from Croydon towards Shirley and Addington Park, the seat of the Archbishop of Canterbury ; and on the north a road from London passed onwards towards Beckenham. On the east these two roads were joined by a third connecting "Mother Rose's" cottage with the "Brown's Corner." The mansion-house was a very imposing building, three storeys high, covering about a sixth of an acre. The public front faced east, and opened on a large lawn separated by a road from an enclosure containing 5 large cannon. The west and south fronts were private, the former having a garden before it and the latter a plantation called "The Wilderness." This plantation extended to about 6 acres and the "old cadets" alone had the privilege of entering it. On the ground floor the mansion had a handsome hall, 32 ft. by 20 ft., and a fine dining-room, besides several other rooms. The rooms on the north side were at a later date set apart for the professors' luncheon-room, the orderly officers' mess-room and accommodation for the two orderly officers. On the first floor of the mansion was a noble and lofty saloon, 35 ft. by 20 ft., looking out to the east, and behind this and leading 24 - A D D I S C O M B E out of it was a fine drawing-room facing west, besides many other rooms for the private use of the Lt. -Governor. The pi- lasters on the east front, six in number, extending to the full height of the house, were of the Ionic order. On the west front there were four of these pilasters, while in the centre was a lofty portico supported on two fine pillars of the same order, 25 ft. apart and 40 ft. in height, standing out some 4 yards in advance of the house. In 1 816 it was resolved to erect some extra buildings under the superintendence of Colonel Robert Pilkington, R. E. This was at the time when it was proposed to open the Seminary to students for general service as well as for those of the more scientific branches. In July, 1 816, the Master General of the Ordnance allowed Col. Pilkington to report on the buildings ; and on 28th August he laid various plans, etc., before the Committee. It would appear that these buildings were those called in later years Nos. 2 & 3 barracks. They contained accommodation for 83 cadets. The larger one housed 18 in one room and 6 in another upstairs as well as downstairs ; while the smaller contained 7 rooms, each sufficient for 5 cadets. These buildings were completed in 181 8, and as Colonel Pil- kington was about to go to Gibraltar as Chief Engineer, the Court of Directors presented him with 500 guineas as a mark of their esteem and approbation. Before he left he presented 2 models of a temporary battery and a block house to the Institution. In July, 1 82 1, a new drawing and lecture-hall was erected with arcades beneath. This was the building so well known as the "chapel," although it could not well have been less like one. It was used for many purposes ; for morning and evening prayer by the chaplain, for examinations, and for distribution u 26 A D D I S C O M B E of prizes on the Public Examination Day. The "chapel" was 70 feet long by I'j in width — at one end were small rooms for the vestry, and at the other was the entrance by a staircase. At the west end was a dais on which was a movable reading- desk : the remainder of the room containing wooden benches for the cadets, so arranged as to leave a passage up the centre. This "chapel" was supported by an arcade raised on pillars, this being intended for the shelter of the cadets during rainy weather. In May, 1823, a hospital was built in the meadow to the north-west. It was not till 1825-26 that the Seminary assumed some- what the appearance it had in later years. In September, i 36 ADDISCOMBE There were only two other additions required to make it perfect as a military college, these were a riding school and a properly built chapel. Before commencing the account of Dr. Andrew's tenure of office from 1 809-1 822, it will be as well to notice two other places with which the Addiscombe cadets were well acquainted. 1st., St. James' Chapel. During the first 20 years of the life of the Seminary the cadets attended Divine Service in Croydon at St. John's Church, but on i6th May, 1827, the first stone of St. James' Chapel was laid, and the building was consecrated by His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury on 31st January, 1829. It was a chapel of ease to St. John's, and the Rev. George Coles was appointed curate. It was a plain, indeed, ugly structure with a square tower, and the south aisle was appropriated for the use of the cadets. 2nd., Addington Park, the seat of the Archbishop of Canter- bury, beautifully situated about 3 miles from Addiscombe, near the far-famed Addington hills. It was purchased in 1807 by Archbishop Sutton, with trust money? of the See which had been assigned for the purpose. Contiguous lands were added afterwards. The mansion was built by Alderman Trecothick about 1780. In 1820 and 1830 a chapel, library, etc., were added. It is usual for the Archbishop to pass 6 months of the year here, and it is certain that the Addiscombe cadets were frequently to be found as uninvited guests in the beautiful tfrounds. 358045 CHAPTER II. Addiscombe House having been secured, the Court of Direc- tors appointed Dr. James Andrew Head of the Seminary and Professor of Mathematics and Classics. He thus had the man- agement of the Institution and the selection of the professors. The cadets (60 in number at this time) were only required to pay ^30 per annum, the further cost of education being paid by the Company to secure a satisfactory class of officers for their armies in India. From the statement below it will be seen that each cadet cost the Company about ^75 annually. Account of the ist Year's Expenditure for the Military Seminary Board, lodging and education of 60 pupils . Books Mr. Glennie's salary Military Plan Drawing Master Sundry expenses Colonel Mudge, Public Examiner . . . . Mr. Shakespeare — Hindustani Mr. Bordwine, Asst. Fortification .... £ 4,006 \os 4d 58 5 o 200 o o 126 00 1,267 o 5 282 10 o 200 o o 54 18 6 ^6,195 4s sd Deduct payments by cadets ,, 1,800 o o Total expenses borne by the Company for education of 60 pupils, Jan. 1809 to Jan. 18 10, ^4,395 4s 3d ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 39 Dr. Andrew undertook instruction in jNIathematics, while the other Professors were Mr. Glennie for Fortification, with Mr. Bordwine as Assistant. Mr. Shakespeare for Hindustani, Moonshee Hasan Ali being appointed Assistant to Shakespeare in May, 18 10. Then there was a master for Military Plan Drawing, and Colonel Mudge completed the establishment as Public Examiner. Col. William Mudge was a distinguished officer of the Royal Artillery, and had been Lieut. -Governor of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich. He was son of Dr. Mudge and grandson of the Rev. Zachariah Mudge. He obtained his Colonelcy on 20th July, 1804, and held the appointment of Public Examiner at Addiscombe till his death on the i6th April, 1820. His salary at first was only ^282 lOi-., but a few years after it was in- creased to ^365, and in 18 19 he had a further addition of ;^200 per annum "as a mark of the Court's respect for his high character and superior attainments, and for the zeal and eminent services hitherto rendered to the Company." He was now required to take up his residence near Addiscombe, but died the following year, and was succeeded by Sir Howard Douglas. Mr. Glennie had but a short career at Addiscombe. His salary was ^200, but in May, 181 1, his services were ordered to be dispensed with, and he was to be paid up to Michaelmas. No reason is given for his discharge. Mr. Joseph Bordwine who commenced as assistant to Glennie on ^180 a year had, on the contrary, a long career. He suc- ceeded Glennie, and his salary was in 181 1 increased, first to ;^320, and then to 400, and ten years later to ^500. In 1828 he was allowed an assistant, and two years before that time he got ;^6oo. It is evident that he was greatly appreciated by the Court, for when he retired on account of age in 183$, 40 addiscomhp: he was granted a superannuation allowance of half his salary, ^300 a year. Mr. John Shakespeare'.s career was a very extraordinary one. He was the son of a labourer, and as a lad was frequently employed on work in the gardens of Langley Priory, near Diseworth, in Derbyshire. One day, when a boy of 8 or 9 years of age, he was overtaken by a storm, and took refuge under a large tree; Lord Moira (afterwards Marquis of Hastings) was there also, taking shelter, and entered into conversation with the boy. He was so much struck by his brightness and intelligence, that he told him to come and see him next day at Donnington Priory ; and the result of this was that Lord Moira resolved to have him educated. From this beginning John Shakespeare became a great linguist and one of the greatest Oriental Scholars in England. His great ambition through life, which he always kept in view, was to save enough money to purchase Langley Priory, where he had been employed as a boy, and he was enabled to do this on leaving Addiscombe. He was a man of a saving and almost penurious disposition, and this it was, which enabled him to carry out the wish of his heart in after years. He was first appointed to the College on a salary of ^200, but this was rapidly increased, till in 181 1 he got ;^400, and 2 years after ^495- Previous to joining Addis- combe he had been employed as professor at Marlow on ;^500 per annum. In 1822 his salary was further increased to ^600; but this was not his only means of acquiring money, for he published a wonderful dictionary, a grammar, and 2 volumes of Hindustani selections, which the Company patronised to a very large extent. In 181 5 they subscribed to his dictionary for 500 copies, and advanced him ^400 to enable him to go to press. For each copy they gave him 75^. Then, in 18 17 ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 41 they subscribed for 1,500 copies of his grammar, and 500 copies of both volumes of his selections. From the Company alone he received, then, nearly ^^3,600 for his books. He finally retired from his appointment in 1829 after 20 years' service, on a pension of ^300, half his salary. Moonshee Hasan Ali, his assistant, was appointed in 18 10 on a salary of ^250 a year. Next year Hasan Ali applied for an increase to his salary of ^100, but this was negatived, his remuneration being considered sufficient. As far as one can learn from the records in existence, the cadets do not seem to have given the authorities much trouble as to management in the early years of the Seminary. Com- plaints were, however, made in 18 10 of the general disinclina- tion and inattention of the cadets to the study of Hindustani. Dr. Wilkins was required in consequence to visit the Seminary once a quarter, to examine into the progress made by the cadets. Dr. Wilkins, a distinguished Orientalist, was born in 1749 at Frome, and became a Writer on the Bengal establishment in 1770. He returned to Europe in 1786, and in 1801 became librarian to the East India Company. In 1809 he was appointed Visitor and Examiner at Addiscombe, and held the post till 13th May, 1836, when he was nearly 87 years of age. He pub- lished a great number of works on Oriental languages. His visits seem to have had the desired effect, for we hear of no more complaints of the cadets in regard to this matter. Cadets, whose parents resided at a great distance, were allowed to remain at the Seminary during the vacation, travelling being then slow and expensive. This arrangement was not altogether satisfactory, as we find that two cadets thus situated had first boarded with Hasan Ali, and afterwards Uved in lodgings in Croydon, where they " conducted themselves in a very excep- 42 ADDISCOMBE tional manner, and contracted during the holidays opinions and habits of independence which indisposed them, on resuming their studies, to submit to the necessary discipline of the Semi- nary." Hasan Ali remained at the College for 6 years ; finding then that he suffered from the climate and got asthma, he wished to return to India. His resignation was accepted and, with their usual liberality, the Company presented him with ^50 for his translation of the Gospel of St. Matthew. The experiment of having a native instructor in Hindustani does not seem to have been a success, as we find that never again was one appointed. The first public examination took place on 22nd December, 1809, when 14 cadets passed their examination; viz., — Charles Claude Nattcs, Edward Gowan, Duncan Sim, John Coventry, Robt. Hopper, William Nattes, David Hogarth, Alex. Anderson John Gamage, Alex. Manson, John Colvin, Saml, Richards, John Cartwright, Thos. Stevenson, Madras Engineers. Bengal Artillery Madras Engineers. Do. Do. Madras Engineers. Bombay Artillery. Madras Engineers. Do. Artillery. Bombay Do. Bengal Engineers. Bombay Do. Bengal Artillery. Bombay Artillery. These were all at once sent out, except William Nattes who was not of the age prescribed by Act of Parliament. Another public examination was held in October, 1810, and ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 43 in order to give the affair " a proper degree of solemnity and consequence, '' the Directors were asked to attend in full strength. Besides these, the only other guests seem to have been Dr. Hutton, the late Professor of Mathematics at Woolwich, and Mr. Leyburn, who held a similar position at Marlow, both of whom certified that the cadets passed a very strict and scientific examination in mathematics, and that great merit was due both to preceptors and pupils. On this occasion there were 8 cadets for the Engineers and 21 for the Artillery. At first, no prizes were presented save the appointments to India ; but in December 181 1, several were given for Fortification and Drawing. The fortunate recipients of the prizes are given below. Admitted to Seminary MadrasEngineers, Alex. Ross, i6Mar. 1810 ] Each a case contain- ing a set of mathe- matical instruments. \\ Bombay ,, John.Mc.Leod,29 Jan Madras 1811 ) John Purton, 1 4 May 181 1 ] Each a case contain- > ing a pair of propor- Bombay ,, Wm. A. Tate, 21 Jan. 18 11 ) tiona compasses. Bombay ,, Wm. M. Ennis, 25 Feb.1810 \ Each a box of col- > ours as superior mil- Bengal ,, Ed. Garstin, 1 2 Aug. 1 810 ) itary draughtsman. Other prizes were given later on "to promote emulation and diligence;" and it was arranged that Engineers were to be detained in England without prejudice to their rank, in order 44 ADDISCOMBE that they mi^ht be attached to the Ordnance Survey then in progress, and learn the elements of surveying. But little information can be obtained regarding the acquire- ments and character of Dr. Andrew, but as he managed the establishment for 13 years to the complete satisfaction of the Court of Directors, and turned out a considerable number of men who proved an ornament to their Service, we must acknow- ledge that these were of a high order. During the first few years it would appear that Dr. Andrew received an allowance of ^80 per annum for each cadet ; but in 1 8 1 3 these arrangements were altered, and Dr. Andrew from February of that year received a salary of ^800. In addition to this he was allowed 2S. 6d. per day for the board of each cadet, and 3^-. a day for each of the 3 junior masters, besides \Os. 6d. per week for each of 12 servants. He had a further allowance of ;^iOO for coals, candles, and wear and tear of furniture and culinary utensils. He had quar- ters for himself and family in Addiscombe House, and the use of the land free, this being estimated at ^180 per annum. At this time 4 additional masters were appointed: Mr. W. F. Wells, Civil Drawing; 'Mr. Alex. Anderson, Mathematics; Mr. Samuel Parlour, Classics ; and Mons. Pierre Oger, French Master. Besides these there were a sergeant and a gunner, each receiving 50 guineas per annum, and 13 other public servants, one of whom was a labourer. Mr. Wells continued in his post lill November, 1836, but ten years previously be had been allowed an assistant in the person of Mr. T. H. Fielding who, on Mr. Wells' retirement, replaced him as senior professor, Schetky taking the place of Fielding. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 45 At first, Mr. Wells' salary was but ,^200, but it was afterwards increased to ;^300. A cadet of that period informs me that he was of a some- what weak character, and that as a consequence he was not treated well by the cadets. On one occasion before his arrival in "study" a cadet had drawn with chalk on the blackboard a figure of a goose, and Wells foolishly fitting the cap to his own head, in great distress went for the orderly officer, and com- plained to him of the conduct of the cadets ; and on entering the room with him pointed to the figure on the board and exclaimed: "There, you see, is my portrait!" The officer remarked in reply: "I am very sorry to hear you say so!" Again, a cadet had managed to stick a pair of compasses into the ceiling above his desk, and after his arrival had gone into the upper room and stamped on the floor so as to release the compasses, bringing them down on the desk close to where Wells was seated. Wells at once sent for the orderly officer, and pointing to the offending pair of compasses, said: "A bloody attempt at assassination!" Mr. Anderson w^as many years at Addiscombe. His salary was only ^100, but it was soon increased to ^180, and in 1824 to ^300. In 1827 he was allowed ^^75 per annum in lieu of board and lodging, and a few years later he received ^"400 per annum. He was a very efficient master, and was liked and respected by his class, in which good order was as a rule maintained with very little effort at repression on his part ; his own kindly manner drawing out- a reciprocal sentiment that it was "a shame to annoy old Pulley" (so dubbed from his Scottish pronunciation of the name of one of the mechanical appliances in which he instructed the cadets.) When Dr. Andrew retired in 1822 and his functions were in future to be performed by 2 people, one 46 ADDISCOMBE being Superintendent and the other Head Master, Mr. Anderson was in hopes of becoming Head Master, and accordingly hurried off to St. Andrew's to take up his degree of D.D. to strengthen his claims. There were 3 candidates for the post : — Dr. Alex. Anderson, Mr. C. Bonnycastle, of Blackheath, and Rev. Jonathan Cape, M. A., ist Assistant at the Naval College. Jonathan Cape was selected, Anderson's appointment not being considered expedient, and Mr. Bonnycastle not being a cler- gyman, was deemed ineligible. Cape was strongly recommended by Sir Howard Douglas (lately appointed Public Examiner,) also by Dr. Inman, of the Naval College, and by Mr. Hustler, of Trinity College, Cambridge, and was provided with a letter from Lord Melville and 2 letters from the Rev. Mr. Walter, of Haileybury. Mr. Parlour was traditionally asserted to have earned his so- briquet of "Cocky" from having given himself airs as a great mathematician on the strength of having squared the circle; and it was reported, that on it being pointed out to him by Cape that his calculations were all wrong, he had tried unsuccessfully to cut his throat, and had ever since been compelled to wear a high stock to conceal the scar. However that may be, he was an efficient master, was personally liked, and not taken undue liberties with, keeping his class well in hand. His salary began at ^So, but gradually increased, till in 1824 it reached ;^2 50, and in 1828 he received ^75 per annum for diet and lodging, and finally got a total of ^350. He remained at the College for nearly 30 years, not retiring till 1 6th November, 1842. In addition to his duties as professor, he was storekeeper, for which he obtained a salary of £S^. Mons. Oger commenced with a salary of ;^8o, but this was :'''^-:' ^^' -^I-I >v '.. /! 48 ADDISCOMBE gradually increased; and in 1824 he got ^^300 (non-resident). He died during the summer of 1825, and shortly after the Court presented his widow, ^hne. Rachael Oger, with the sum of ;^200. In Dr. Andrew's time the cadets were not allowed to go into Croydon or beyond the grounds, without the permission of the Head Master ; they had always to wear uniform, even when on short leave ; they were not liable to what the official records term "corporeal punishment," but could be fined, get extra drill, or be put "in the 'Black Hole', there to be fed on bread and water, provided that such punishment shall not extend beyond nine o'clock at night, but it may be resumed the following morning." The fines formed a fund whence prizes were given to the deserving. In 181 5 there was a great row between Dr. Andrew and the cadets — several minor instances had previously occurred. It appears that several of the cadets having applied for leave to take a walk on Sunday afternoon beyond the limits of the grounds, Dr. Andrew, considering that to give no leave was ungracious, and to give unlimited leave dangerous, told the cadets they should muster at five, and he would walk with them. He afterwards learnt that none were desirous of walking in the manner proposed ; and suspecting that some had gone off the premises without leave, as afterwards appeared in a small degree to be the case, he mustered them, and they attended reluctantly, when Cadet G y told him he had no business to call them away from their recreation, — shaking his head in defiance. In consequence of this insolence in presence of all the cadets and 2 of the junior masters, he ordered Cadet G y into confinement. G y refused to comply with the order, saying he would rather (and did) resign his appointment, ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 49 and that he was therefore exempt from further punishment ; and G y then left the Institution to return to his friends in Edinburgh. Several cadets attended without caps. Dr. Andrew desired that they should bring them. F d refused, saying, he had no cap, whereupon Dr. Andrew ordered him to be confined. F d attempted to go off to the study without leave, saying, he knew where to find a cap, but Andrew con- firmed his original sentence, and he was accordingly confined for 3 hours. Andrew then dismissed the parade, telling the cadets he did not wish to force a favour on them which they were unwilling to receive — that no detached parties would be allowed off the grounds, and that they should hold themselves in readiness to be mustered whenever they were called on. About a third of them began to hiss — but this was speedily put a stop to. As a consequence both the cadets named were removed from the Seminary, but subsequently wrote letters expressing their contrition, and stating they would never act in this way again ; and as Dr. Andrew interceded for them with the Court, they were restored, and finally G y obtained a Commission in the Artillery, and F d in the Bengal Engineers, but were only to take rank as juniors of their season. This seems to have had a salutary effect on the College, for we hear of no more similar outbreaks; and on the 1st August, 1820, the Coronation Day of George IV., Dr. Andrew recommended the vacation to be extended from the ist to the 8th August as a mark of approbation of the exemplary conduct of the cadets. It may be mentioned here that in order to prevent cadets being admitted during recreation hours to inns and public houses, a letter was written in July, 181 1, by the Secretary, in the name of the Court, to Mr. Sergeant Onslow, Chairman of 4 50 ADDlSCOiMBE Quarter Sessions for the County of Surrey, with the view of bringing the matter to the notice of the several magistrates of that county. On the 3rd April, 18 16, Mr. H. Angelo, Junior, was appointed on /"1 00 to instruct the cadets in broadsword exercise, and he appears to have retained that post till 1852, when Corporal Stevenson, of the Life Guards, took his place, shortly after the construction of the gymnasium. Dr. Strachan was appointed Assistant Classical Master in March, 1819, but died Christmas, 1820, and was succeeded by his nephew, Mr. Reeve Jones, on a salary of ^150 with board. He resigned his post Midsummer, 1823. The only other alter- ation made in the establishment during Ur. Andrew's tenure was the appointment of Dr. McCuUoch in September, 18 14, to give lectures in chemistry. In 18 19 he was required to give lectures also in geology — annually 20 in chemistry and 20 in Geology, his salary being ;^25o, and in 1820 the Court agreed to take 400 copies of his elementary geological work at a cost of ;;^300. Dr. McCuUoch was born in 1773. He was to have been a doctor, but took to surveys in Scotland, and studied chemistry and geology and wrote much on these subjects. He married in 1835, but shortly after his marriage he was thrown from a phaeton, on the 24th August, 1835. His right leg had to be amputated and he died in a few hours. He filled the post at Addiscombe till his death, or over 20 years. . In November, 181 5, it was found, after a trial of 7 years, that the Seminary fully answered intentions. Many of the students had given brilliant proofs of proficiency, the Company's army had thereby been furnished with a great accession of knowledge and skill in the important corps of Artillery and ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 51 Engineers ; but as only 20 on an average were required yearly for the Artillery and Engineers, it was thought the best course to extend the advantages to as large a portion of the cadets intended for general service as the premises could conveniently admit. All cadets were now to enter for general service, and those found most qualified by their abilities and attainments were to pass to the scientific branches. The first public examination after this arrangement had been carried out, took place on 14th October, 18 16. On this occasion "the Chairman and Deputy Chairman of the East India Com- pany with several other Members of the Court of Directors and the Seminary Committee proceeded to Addiscombe House. Upon their arrival they were joined by several military officers of distinction in His Majesty's and the Company's services, as well as by some of the most scientific gentlemen of the day. They all proceeded to the Painted Saloon. The senior cadets were then examined in mathematics." It is stated that "the cadets passed through a very strict examination, and they worked their problems and demonstrations with a facility and correctness highly gratifying to the assembly, honourable to their protectors and creditable to themselves." One can but fancy that "so much facility and correctness" was due to their having been prepared for the questions, and that each cadet knew what he would be asked to do. This most certainly was the plan adopted in later years. They were afterwards "examined in Hindustani by Dr. Wilkins, and the examination closed with an exhibition of some beautiful specimens of military drawings which they had executed under Mr. Bordwine, as also a great variety of other drawings of landscapes, figures, &c., under the instruction of Mr. Wells." The Chairman then proceeded to distribute the prizes. At 52 ADDISCOIMBE this time it will be seen there were many more given than during the first years. The list of prizemen will no doubt prove of interest. ist. Class. Ed. J. Smith, 1st Mathematics. Do., 1st Drawing. Wm. R. Fitzgerald, 2nd Mathematics. George Thomson, ist Fortification. George Walter, 2nd. do. Donald A. Mackay, 2nd Drawing. Henry de Bude, ist French. Do., 1st Latin. Do., 2nd Hindustani. George A. Underwood, 2nd French. Do., 1st Hindustani. Thos. Prinsep, 2nd Latin. Case of mathemati- cal instruments. Box of colours. Case of instruments. Case of proportional compasses. Pocket-sextant. Box of colours. Rollin's Belles Lettres. Lempriere's Classical Dictionary. Dirom's 'Campaign in India' & Welles- ley's 'Notes on the Mahratta War'. L'Esprit des Lois', par Montesquieu. Orme's 'History and Fragments'. Adam's 'Roman Anti- quities'. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 53 2nd. Class. John Thomson, Mathematics. David B. Dighton, Fortification. Fred. D. Watkins, Drawing. Do., Latin. John H. Jarvis, French. Simpson's Fluxions. St. Paul's Traite de Fortification. Edward's Perspec- tive. Adam's Geography. Travels of Anachar- sis. jrd. Class. John Watts, Mathematics. Wm. J. Symons, Drawing. Wm. Senior, Wm. Rollings, PVench. Latin. Euler's Algebra. Thomson's Seasons with cuts. La Fontaine's Fa- bles. Patricus Celarius. After the prizes were distributed, the Chairman, Thos. Reid, Esq., addressed the meeting. He stated that the proceedings must have given pleasure to those assembled. He offered the thanks of the Committee to Dr. Andrew and the other Profes- sors, and he further stated that equal praise was due to Col. Mudge and Dr. Wilkins for the benefits derived from talents of a high and distinguished order. To the cadets, he said, " The acknowledgments of the Committee were also deservedly merited for the excellent conduct which had been reported of them generally, and for the great acquirements of which they had 54 ADDISCOMBE had this day so many gratifying proofs. The Committee felt an honest pride in the consideration that the East India Company were sending them on a career of Hfe, which would do honour to that great body, from the happy and confident presage which they entertained not only from their skill and valour as soldiers, but from their morality and human- ity as men. He desired his young friends to pursue the course in which they were, and in which a wider scene would open to them, with undeviating rectitude; and they might be assured of ample reward in the justice of their superiors, in the honour- able and high character which they would acquire, but above all, in their own approving and grateful minds." " The cadets then underwent the broadsword exercise with great adroitness and precision, and the business of the day concluded with evident marks of satisfaction on the part of the Members of the Court of Directors, and of every person present, and to the honour and credit of every public officer connected with the Institution." Previous to 1815 the Engineer Cadets were instructed in Surveying by Mr. Robert Dawson, Royal Military Surveyor, but in February of that year, the cadets were sent to Chatham to be instructed in the Art of Sapping and Mining under Col. Pasley, R.E. It was further arranged that while at Chatham, they should have the local and temporary rank of Ensign. Ap- plication was made to the Commander-in-Chief in 181 5 through Sir Henry Torrens, that they should have the temporary rank of 2nd Lieut., so that they might be on an equality with the young R. E. officers ; but this was disallowed from a foolish feeling of jealousy on the part of the home authorities, and up to the time of the amalgamation this invidious regulation was continued, and engendered a feeling ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 55 between the two bodies which was certainly in no way bene- ficial to the service of the country. In 1817 the Court of Directors presented Col. Pasley with 200 guineas to buy a piece of plate, in consideration of the essential services rendered to the Company in the instruction he had given to their Engi- neers. Later on the Court presented him with ^400, and granted ;^iOO to each of the Adjutants, Capt. Smith and Bt. Major Reid. In 1824 it was arranged that Col. Pasley was to receive a salary of ;^200 for any number of Engineers not ex- ceeding 6, and in 1828 the payments rose to ^^ 400, while other officers obtained smaller sums. In March, 1821, Dr. Andrew applied to be relieved of the duties and responsibilities of dieting pupils, etc. This was a spontaneous offer of his. He stated in his letter that many invidious remarks had been secretly circulated to his prejudice. He declared that during the continuance of the war he had made no money, although since peace had been obtained he had done so. The Committee expressed themselves as perfectly sa- tisfied with Dr. Andrew's conduct and management. As a result of Dr. Andrew's letter, his salary was increased to ^looo, be- sides ^100 for incidental expenses. It was further arranged that all the bedsteads, culinary articles, etc., should be taken from him at a valuation, and that he should be paid for the various philosophical apparatus he had purchased, and for which he had never made any charge. Another item of expense, for which he had not charged, was a liberal supply of refreshments at every Public Examination for the Members of the Court and visitors. There had been 14 of these examinations, at which 62 cadets had been found qualified for the Engineers, and 215 for the Artillery, besides 1 1 3 for the Infantry ; and 1 1 2 were then qualifying, making a 56 A D D I S C O M B E total of 502 cadets who had passed and were passing through Addiscombe in 12 years, from 1809 to 1821. ^1019 were passed to Dr. Andrew for furniture and stock, besides ^600 as compensation. In April, 1821, Mr. Robert Martin Leeds was appointed Pur- veyor and Steward as a probationer for one year, but he re- mained in the situation till his death in 1848. He was called upon to give a security of ;^2000. His duties were to diet the pupils, the resident masters and public servants at a certain fixed rate, and to provide occasional refreshments for the non-resident masters. All public servants were under his control, and he had the superintendence of all public rooms, and the care of all public stock and stores. He was required to visit the hospital at least once a day to receive instructions from the medical attendant as to provisions, and to see that the sick were properly attended to by the corporal's wife, who acted as nurse. He had sole charge of all gardens, grounds, etc., had to indent for coals, candles, etc., and to pro- vide all public meals. It will appear from the details of the meals provided for the cadets, that they were not reared in the lap of luxury. Breakfast : Tea and bread and butter ; or bread and milk, if preferred. Lunch : Bread and cheese with good table beer. Dinner : Beef, mutton and veal alternately, of the best kind, with occasional change to pork when in season. Tea with bread and butter, or bread and cheese with beer, if preferred. Mr. Leeds was allowed quarters free of rent or taxes, and supplies of coals and candles. The cadets and masters were ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 57 to be dieted at is. gd. per head, and servants at is. 6d. In 1848 Mr. Leeds died and was succeeded in the post by his son, Mr. Robert Johnston Leeds, as Steward, and his wife, Mrs. Harriet Jane Leeds, as Housekeeper. They thus occupied the post formerly enjoyed by Mr. R. M. Leeds till the close of the College in 1861. About a year after this arrangement had been made, Dr. Andrew sent in his resignation, on 3rd April, 1822, but was not apparently relieved of his duties till August 7th following, when he obtained a pension of ^200 ; and Major William Henry Carmichael Smyth, of the Bengal Engineers, was appointed pro tem. Resident Superintendent. The Company wisely resolved that the Head of the Seminary should be a military man. A few months later, the Rev, Jonathan Cape was posted as Senior Mathematical Professor ; and provision was made for giving a proper military character to the Institution by the appointment of Captain Chas. Chaplin as Adjutant, in February, 1822. Capt. Chaplin had in November, 1820, been appointed Instructor in Military Drawing and Surveying on ;^300 a year with ^50 horse allowance; and when entrusted with the additional duties of Adjt. he was allowed an extra ^100; but he resigned the latter post shortly after, and was succeeded by Capt. F. P. Lester, formerly Adjutant of the Bombay Artillery (a cadet of 1811J. At the time of Dr. Andrew's resignation, Richard Haughton, Esq., was appointed as Shakespeare's assistant. Dr. A. Anderson's salary was increased by ^^50 and Mr. Bordwine's by ^100. This was probably intended as a solace to both professors in consideration of their being superseded by Jonathan Cape as Senior Professor, as they both had considerable claims to that office. 58 ADDISCOMBE In the next section we shall proceed with the account of the Col- lege, when it became more thoroughly a military institution. But before closing this chapter a matter may be noticed, which had a very considerable influence on the well-being of the place. About 1 8 1 9 the standing orders of the Seminary were considered by the cadets as unworkable, and modifications were proposed and discussed ; amongst others, the question of fagging. One of the cadets, by name McGillivray, advocated this, but was opposed and failed. General James Abbott, of Khiva renown, thus writes : " I well remember their speeches on the subject. McGillivray endeavoured to introduce duelling with pistols, and was actually engaged with Ritherdon in such a duel. (McGillivray was afterwards in the Bombay Engineers, and Ritherdon in the Bombay Artillery, the latter became well-known at Addiscombe for very many years as staff-officerj. The seconds turned it into a farce by loading the pistols with blank charges, and smearing Ritherdon's breast with red' currant jelly, when poor McGillivray fancied he had killed his man. This took place just before I joined." No more was heard of duelling, but the Seminary rules were by mutual consent modified so as to make life better worth living, and particularly to admit of indulgence in what the authorities styled the " filthy and pernicious habit of smoking." The older cadets had privileges, which will be noticed in detail further on ; whilst the last joined term, origi- nally called " Probos " and afterwards "Greens," were placed under certain restrictions. This double system of rules prevailed as long as the institution lasted. I think that this system inspired a feeling of obedience to orders, and respect for their seniors, without which the College would have been apt to degenerate into a bear-garden. CHAPTER III. Although this new military system strengthened the staff by two — there being now a Superintendent, an Adjutant and a Senior Professor, whereas previously all these functions were performed by Dr. Andrew — the cost in salaries was somewhat less. Notwithstanding this, the Court, finding that the sum annually paid by the cadets was too small, resolved to increase it from ^30 to ^40. The establishment now consisted of the following : Public Examiner, Sir Howard Douglas ^500 Public Examiner in ^ Hindustani, ) Dr. Wilkins No Salary Resident Superin- \ tendent, S Major H. A. C. Smyth ;^6oo Adjutant, Capt. Lester ;^i8o Senior Professor, Rev. Jonathan Cape ^350 1st Asst. Professor, Dr. A. Anderson ^180 2nd do. Mr. S. Parlour ^150 3rd do. Mr. Reeve Jones ^150 French Master, Mons. Pierre Oger Non-Resident. i:i50 Fortification, Mr. Bordwine ;^5oo Survey, Capt. Chaplin ^350 Oriental Languages, Mr. J. Shakespeare ^600 Assist. do. Mr. R. Haughton i;25o Mr. Wells -^300 Mr. Angelo ^100 Dr. McCulloch ^250 Sergt. Dodd ^56 ^298 lOS. 60 A D D I S C O M B E Drawing, Broadsword Exercise, Chemical & Geological Lecturer, Sergt. of Artillery, and 12 public servants The purveyor's salary was not yet settled. Major Carmichael Smyth was a very distinguished officer. He arri- ved in Bengal February, 1797, and was first employed on the expe- dition to the Phillippine Islands. The expedition having been finally abandoned, he returned from Penang, and was after- wards employed under Colonel Kyd of the Engineers at Allah- abad. In August, 1803, he joined Lord Lake's army, and was present at the capture of AUyghur, the battle of Delhi, siege of Agra and battle of Laswarree. In May, 1804, he accompanied a force against Rampoora, and then rejoined Lord Lake who again had to form an army in October. Smyth was present at the battle of Deeg and the siege of Deeg, and was mentioned by the Commander-in-Chief in his despatches. He was also present at the 1st siege of Bhurtpore, and after it was aban- doned he was appointed Garrison Engineer of Agra. In February, 1806, he joined a detachment under Col. Bowie in Gohud Dis- trict and directed the attack on Gohud. In 1807 he came to England on medical certificate, returned to India in 1810 as a captain, and proceeded on the expedition to Java in 1811. He was present at Weltervreden and Cornelis. After this he returned to Fort William, and then went as Field Engineer to Callinger. He was mentioned in despatches for exemplary valour on 2nd February, 181 2. Subsequently, he was employed on surveys, and was then selected to proceed with a large division of the army under Major-General Marshall to Alwar, a strong ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 6i hill-fort west of Delhi. He then again became Garrison Engi- neer at Agra until 1819. Shortly after the commencement of the Nepal war in October, 18 14, he was ordered on service and, after the failure at Kalunga, was present at all the fresh operations under Ouchterlony. In June, 181 5, he again returned to Agra, but in February, 1 817, was at the reduction of Hatrass. In 18 17- 18 he served with the Grand Army under Lord Hastings. Returning to Europe in 1820 after a very active service, he became Major on 19th July, 1 82 1, and in 1822 was appointed pro teni. Resi- dent Superintendent at Addiscombe. He only retained the post till 6th April, 1824, when Lt.-Col. Robert Houston, C. B., was appointed. No reason is given for his resignation, but it is more than likely that the cause was ill-health owing to his long-continued active services ; as it may be supposed, a man of his talents and experience must have been eminently qualified for the post. It may here be noted as a matter of great interest, that Thackeray, the immortal writer of "Vanity Fair" and "Es- mond," was during a part of his boyhood an inmate of the mansion at Addiscombe. He was born nth July, 181 1, at Calcutta, his father being Richmond Thackeray, B. C. S. His father died in 18 16, and in 18 17 he was sent home to Eng- land. His mother remained in India, and in 18 18 was married to Major Carmichael Smyth. In one of Thackeray's letters to his mother at this time, there is a small drawing of an officer on horseback, which was intended to represent Major Smyth, of whose engagement to his mother he had just heard. On Major Smyth's return to England in 1820, Thackeray's guar- dian, Mr. Peter Moore, of Hadley Green, transferred William to his mother's care. In his nth year William was sent to Char- 62 ADDISCOMBE terhouse, and it was shortly after this that jNIajor Smyth was appointed to Addiscombe. In one of his eadiest letters to his mother from Charterhouse, William asks to be told all about Addiscombe and "the Gentlemen Cadets," and if "Papa has got a Cock hat that will fit him." It will thus be seen that from 1822 to 1824 William Makepeace Thackeray spent his holidays at the mansion, and that it was practically his home between his nth and 13th years. Major Smyth was very proud of his stepson's intellect, and himself prepared him a great deal for his career at Cambridge. Towards the close of Thack- eray's life he built an ideal house for himself in Kensington Palace Gardens in the Augustan style, and here he lived with his widowed mother, Mrs. Carmichacl Smyth, and his two daughters. In one of his books he says, " Walk into the drawing-room. There sits an old lady of more than fourscore years, serene and kind, and as beautiful in her age now as in her youth. She is as simple as if she had never had any flat- tery to dazzle her. Can that have been anything but a good life which, after more than 80 years of it was spent, is so calm. '^ " This great writer and noble-hearted gentleman died suddenly on the morning before Christmas Day, 1862. Col. Sir Howard Douglas, Bart., G.C.B., G.C.M.G., K. C.S.I. , F. R. S., had succeeded Col. Mudge as Public Examiner in 1 82 1. He was the third son of Sir Charles Douglas, an eminent naval officer (lineally descended from the Douglas of Lochleven), who was created a Baronet 23rd January, i///, for the important service he had rendered at the head of his squad- ron in 1776, by forcing a passage up the river St. Lawrence, and relieving Quebec, then closely invested by the Americans. Howard Douglas was born in 1777, and succeeded his brother William Henry as 3rd Baronet in May, 1809. He entered the ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 63 army on ist January, 1794, and became Lieut. -Colonel 31st December, 1806. He served in Spain and Portugal in 1 808-9 and was present at the battle of Corunna. Afterwards he ser- ved at Walcheren, including the siege and bombardment of Flushing. He returned to the Peninsula in 181 1, and continued there during that year and to the end of the campaign of 181 2, having in that time been employed on a special mission extend- ing throughout the north of Spain. He was present at the operations on the Orbigo and Essler, took part in the combined naval and military operations on the north coast of Spain in the early part of 1812 ; in the attack and reduction of Lequetio, and afterwards in the siege of Astorga ; including the blockade of Zamona, the attack and reduction of the enemy's forts on the Douro, and the siege of Burgos. Sir Howard received the war medal and one clasp for Corunna and was appointed a Knight of Charles III. of Spain. He became Colonel on 4th June, 18 14; Major-Genl, 19th July, 1 82 1 ; Lieut. -General, lothjan., 1837; and General, nth November, 1851. On 6th October, 1851, he was appointed Colonel of 15th Foot. He was made Publi^ Examiner in 1 82 1, but on resigning that post in 1823, was sent out as Governor to New Brunswick, where he remained till 1829. From 1835 to 1840, he was Lord Commissioner of the Ionian Isles, and soon after his return to England was elected M. P. for Liverpool (1842-47). For his military services he was made a Knight Grand Cross of the Bath, and for his civil services a G. C. M. G. He was a P ellow of the Royal Society, and a D.C.L. of Oxford. He married in July, 1799, Anne, eldest daughter of James Dundas, Esq., (a scion of the great northern House of Dundas of Dundas), by whom he had 6 sons and 4 daughters. He died on the 9th November, 1861, and was succeeded in the Baronetcy by his 4th son, Sir Robert 64 ADDISCOMBE Percy Douglas. Sir Howard Douglas wrote several works on professional subjects. Those best known were on military bridges and naval gunnery. In May, 1823, the Rev. Thomas Bisset was appointed in suc- cession to j\lr. Reeve Jones, and on the 2nd February, 1825, became Chaplain, as Cape expressed a wish to be relieved ot his duties in that capacity. Bisset was called by the cadets "The Ferret." His wrath was easily roused and, therefore, played upon. One of his peculiarities was a pedantic exhibition of algebraic signs and symbols, which he insisted on every cadet, when first entering his class, learning and transcribing : to the effect that "Negative property was positive debt." Bisset remained at the College for over 21 years and then retired on account of his health. Sir Ephraim Stannus, the Lt.- Governor and Sir Chas. Pasley, the Public Examiner at that time, bore high testimony to his character and conduct, and he was allowed a superannuation allowance of £'350 per annum. Mr. Haughton, at first Shakespeare's assistant and on his retirement jn 1829 the senior professor, was a very gentlemanly man and good Oriental scholar, greatly respected by the cadets and always ready to help in their studies those who took any interest in the subject. His sobriquet of "Tub" was derived from his peculiar insistance on correct pronunciation ot Hindustani words, which his waggish pupils delighted to draw- out by purposed mispronunciation of even the shortest words. In 1826 Mr. Wells was allowed an assistant, Mr. T. H. Fielding, brother of the better known Copley Fielding. He was familiarly termed " Johnny Bleu " from his Frenchified pronunciation of that colour, which entered largely as indigo blue into his vegetation, and as cobalt blue into his skies. He was a good artist, very nuich in his brother's style, with whom he had c H O < 1—1 Q W 66 ADDISCOMBE studied nature very closely in the L.akc districts. He was very popular with the cadets and much respected by them. There being a tradition that in order to be marked high in his class it was advisable to take lessons from his brother, Mr. Newton Fielding, many cadets consulted their interests as well as their inclinations, by visiting his studio during the vacation. Anyone desiring to really learn the details of the art, could not fail to derive benefit from Mr. N. Fielding's method of instruction, which consisted in painting from the same picture or model alongside of his pupils, who were thus enabled to follow him step by step. Mr. Fielding added to the attractions of his studio by providing lunch, and permitting bouts of singlestick and fencing in an adjoining room. Capt. Chaplin, after he gave up his post as Adjutant, continued to instruct in military drawing and surveying. One day when out surveying, a cadet named Bromley, who was one of the party, exclaimed: "By Jove, here comes a girls' school; won't we have some fun!" "Mr. Bromley," said Chaplin, "those are my daughters." (He had been blessed with a quiverful, and hence their being mistaken for a school). Bromley in no way abashed, replied: "And a very pretty set of girls too." Bromley and Gibbon (a fellow-cadet) were called by the cadets "the inseparables, " as they were always together. The former went out in the Madras Artillery, and Gibbon was posted to the 14th M.N.I. Strange to say, they were, very shortly after their arrival at Madras, both ordered to the Goomsoor Country, where one of our petty wars was going on. While they were proceed- ing through the jungles to join the column with a few men, they were surprised by the Gonds and, after a severe fight, were both killed with their men. Bromley defended his dying friend till he also was killed, — a romantic conclusion to a boyish friendship. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 67 Another story told of Chaplin, which shows him to have been of a very kindly disposition, was, that while in study, a cadet had just cleaned his pallet with a sponge, which being well filled with water tinted deeply with Indian ink, he carefully threw at the head of a fellow-cadet. The professor, who was looking over a drawing close by, suddenly arose, and received the sponge full in his face. This caused much excitement, and the cadet in fault at once stepped forward and made a humble apology, which was at once most kindly accepted. In his early days Mr. Haughton was subjected to some practical jokes. It appears that he loved quiet and liked his desk, which was surrounded with a boarding panel. On one occasion the cadets had caught three rooks in " The Wilderness, " and put one into the professor's desk and the other two in draw^ers on each side. When he came in, he opened his desk and out flew the rook in his face with a loud caw — hearing the other rooks he let them out also, when they went flying all over the study, and there was great commotion, all the cadets acting as if they w'ished to remove the birds. Finally they were let out of the windows. The professor was very angry, and walked round the room asking each cadet whe- ther he was the culprit. All said. No ! When he had got up to the end of the room, two of the cadets whom he had already questioned passed over to the other side, their places being taken by the two culprits, so when he passed down the other side and repeated his question, he received the same answer, and was not able to discover who were to blame. He felt convinced that some of them had not told the truth, and as a result the whole class were sent to extra drill till dinnertime. Captain Hector Straith, on 13th December, 1825, was appointed assistant to Bordwine, the Professor of Fortification. This last- 68 ADDISCOMBE named was probably not overfond of Jonathan Cape, and did not approve of his dry caustic humour, as he was accustomed to remark that "it was better to be i^ood old sound Port Wine (alluding to himself) than vSour Cape"; and in alhision to this there used to be a song among the cadets regarding "Sour Cape and Crusty Port Wine." Straith was a man of sterling worth, and interested himself v'ery much in the moral and reli- gious welfare of the cadets, striving to commend to them his own high religious i)rinciples, gathering around him as many cadets as he could on Sunday evening. Here he used to have prayers, which were followed by refreshments. His entertainments used to be called by the more irreverent cadets, " Ham, Jam and Sacrifice." He was clever in his profession and wrote a treatise on Fortification and Artillery which was in use at the College. He became Senior Professor in 1838, retired in 1845, and then became Secretary to the Church Missionary Society. Ruddock, Metcalfe, De la Voye, and Bowles were the only other professors who joined while Colonel Houston was Lt. -Gov- ernor. Mr. J. B. Ruddock was appointed in August, 1826. He was a weak character, and had charge of the "Greens," the junior class of cadets, and usually suffered much at their hands. His sobriquet was "Doddles." He is described as "a little man of some bulk, with a prodigious head, a very perceptible lisp, and a silver snuff-box. ' In spite of his weakness he must have been a good teacher, for he remained at the College for 1 5 years. Mr. E. B. Metcalfe, who joined in 1828 as assistant to Chap- lin, was, perhaps owing to his extreme good-nature, the pro- fessor who suffered most at the hands of his unruly students in the way of practical jokes, one of which consisted in lifting him on to his own drawing-board and chairing him round the ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 69 room at the close of the term. Sometimes the board was sud- denly dropped and poor "Ancient Ben," as he was called, was deposited on the floor amid loud protestations of regret. Mr. Metcalfe was a beautiful draughtsman, and always ready to im- part the details of his art to those who were really desirous of acquiring it. Early in the months of May and September the old cadets were accustomed to have mortar practice, firing shells at a flagstaff. The range was not very extensive, as the practice took place in the grounds of Addiscombe, and the flagstaff was placed in a field not very far from the Chaplain's house, on which, it was jokingly said, the cadets used often to lay the mortar. At the time of this practice there was always a lesson in military drawing going on in the 5th class under old Ben Met- calfe. The "Greens" in this class knew' almost to the minute when the first shell would be fired. Each cadet tilted up his stool and held on by his desk in front of him. The moment the noise of the explosion was heard, everyone fell back on the ground simultaneously as if they were shot. Poor old Ben Met- calfe ran round picking up the (as he supposed) fainting cadets, and reassured them by telling them there was really nothing to be afraid of. The flagstafl" was, I believe, very rarely struck ; but in 1856, when I was there, Hastings MacSween was lucky enough to eftect it, and received a prize from the Directors "for his skill in striking the flagstafl"." MacSween was a schoolfellow of mine before he went to Addiscombe, which he left as 4th Engineer and was posted to Bengal. He died, I believe, a few years after. It is related how a cadet one day in Metcalfe's study-room, went close up to him with a handful of cut-off lucifer-match heads, which being dropped, of course exploded under the old yo ADDISCOMBE man's feet when he unconsciously stepi)ed on them. This was followed by his rushing to the door with , a despairing cry : "My God! gentlemen, don't murder me!" It may here be mentioned that Dr. Anderson being of a very kindly and good-natured temperament was easily imposed upon. One of the tricks was to make a cadet pretend to faint, where- upon the whole class rushed to assist in carrying him down stairs into the open air, not re-assembling until nearly the close of the study-hour. A modification of the rook trick was also tried — the rook being confined in a prison of drawing-boards, and as soon as the professor reached his desk, the prison was kicked over and the rook flew about the room. This was the signal for the whole class to jump on the desks and try to catch it, a diver- sion which occupied at least a quarter of an hour, by which time the whole study was in an uproar and poor " Pulley " at his wits' end how to restore order. Mons. Marin de la Voye was appointed in place of Mons. Oger in July, 1825. His hour of study was the easiest which fell to the lot of the cadets. He was very genial and hospitable, and he often invited his own particular friends to very recherclic dinners on Sundays, which, as may be supposed, were highly appreciated by his fortunate guests. He published several works which were patronised by the Court , — a book on French pro- nunciation, another on French classics, and his dictionary. He was pensioned in 1845 after 20 years' service. De la Voye was fond of good company, was by no means punctual in his attendance, and, even when he came, often found excuses for at once retiring. Thus, on one occasion he observed that his desk was slightly damp, owing to the studyman having washed it shortly before, and at once said, he couldn't carry ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 71 on his duties in a place where he would have to swim at the same time. At another time he did not put in an appearance at all, and the corporal in charge of the class having waited some time in vain, went off to the quarters of the orderly officer to report the matter. On entering his room, to his surprise he found De la Voye quietly sitting with the officer cracking walnuts and enjoying his wine in the calmest manner ; and the officer suggested that the corporal should sit down with them and enjoy himself likewise. On the retirement of Shakespeare in 1829, Charles Bowles, Esq., his nephew, better known by the cadets as " Chaw," was ap- pointed assistant to j\Ir. Haughton, and no cadet can possibly have forgotten his oddities. A very good slight sketch of Bowles is given in "In the Company's Service" which I cannot do better than transcribe. The book was written, especially that part relating to the College, by an old Addiscombe cadet who has since obtained great reputation in the medical pro- fession. " The forenoon's study was a ' Chaw ' study. In other words the Professor of Hindustani instructed the senior class in that language at that hour. A stiff, precise, austere man, little moved by sentiment or enthusiasm, the Professor year by year, nay, term by term had repeated word for word, without shadow of deviation, the same stereotyped phrases, whether for the purpose of rebuke or punishment, or the rendering of a passage in the Selections. "Storp," (after some uneasy swaying of the shoul- ders to and fro) to a lad construing a passage of this work, and designedly construing it amiss, in order to elicit the old response, which came as surely as the chiming of the turret-clock. "Storp.' Then, the body brought to a stand-still and the spectacled eyes 72 ADDISCOiMBE severely surveying the student — "You say here, ' Azazel kaha ' — 'Azazel said.' Now, Azazel is not Azazel, Azazel is the devil." Nevertheless, so potent are decision and persistence, this quaint, emotionless, unchanging man, the standing joke of the Seminary, shy, retiring and old-fashioned, had the art of holding his own amongst an unruly crew, and his occasional ejaculation to the Censor, "Mr. Censor, there is a noise somewhere," would not only be immediately recognised as a command laid upon the Censor to arise from his place, and travel from desk to desk in search of the author of the noise, or (which came to the same thing) of the cadet who consented to be answerable for it, but it would produce at once and for good the desired quiet." When Mr. Bowles first joined as professor at Addiscombc he was but 19 years of age, and hence hardly older than some of the senior cadets. He had never been in India, and had an unfortunately pronounced way of rendering the language. It was in this way that he obtained his sobriquet, for he was in the habit of pronouncing "char," the Hindustani for "four," in a broad manner as "Chaw," and his name being Charles, the nickname stuck to him while at Addiscombe for 30 years. Occasionally a cadet would ask him innocently the Hindustani for 94, "Chaw" would instantly fall into the trap and say, with a smack of his lips at beginning and end, " char-ran-we," pro- nounced by him "chaw ran away." On one occasion several cadets were up at his desk trans- lating, w^hen one could not go on from ignorance. "Chaw" gazing intently at the adjoining cadet, said, " Next !" without any success. Then he passed his eyes on to the third in a similar manner still ejaculating "Next!" and so on to the end of the class of half a dozen or more. As he passed on to the next, each one as he failed walked from the rostrum to his desk ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 73 without being observed by "Chaw," until he arrived at the last of the class, when he found to his surprise that all had vanished. He was in no way put out, but instantly in his usual manner ejaculated: "Mr. Censor, recall the class!" Mr. BOWLES. He was so young when he came to Addiscombe, and so inexperienced and simple, that there possibly may be some truth in the story told of him when dining out on one oc- 74 A D D 1 S C O M B E casion ; his host having asked him, "The pleasure of a glass of wine with you, Mr. Bowles," the reply was, "No, I thank you, I am not thirsty; but I will take a potato." The following trick was played on "Chaw." The Professor's desk had a narrow space left for the legs, and there were drawers on either side, so that when a man was seated and the chair brought close up, he could not move out in a hurry ; the desk, of course, had a gentle slope as usual. Before the Professor's entry one day, an ingenious cadet placed one of Shakespeare's dictionaries on the desk, and having filled one of the tin painting-mugs with water, put a piece of paper on it, deftly turned it over, and withdrawing the paper left the mug audits contents on the book. "Chaw" sat himself down, ranged himself, and seeing a mug in his way, lifted it off; the result was, of course, the flow of the water over the dictionary and so on to his legs. This was tried several times with suc- cess — but at last he came to appreciate the trick (it took him some time to grasp a subject ), when he used to call out : " Mr. Censor, remove that canteen ! " A few days after, a real genius placed an empty tin mug upside down in exactly the same position as before. The grand old Orientalist was not going to be taken in again — shying at the harmless utensil like a fresh-landed "Waler " at a bullock-cart — he sent for the orderly officer and showed him the offending mug. The censor was again ordered to remove the mug. The order was obeyed — result, of course, nil^ to the great amusement of the orderly officer; and again dear old Bowles had to "climb down." Another tale was called the great "Mouse" affair. The cadets were about to enjoy the privilege of an hour or two's instruction in Hindustani from Professor Bowles, whom everyone liked and everyone worried. As the cadets marched into the ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 75 class-room, a mouse was viewed, and the cadets broke off, chased, and captured the animal. What to do with it ? was the next question ; something to make fun, of course, but how ? 'Tie it to "Chaw's" stool,' suggested some genius. The idea was accepted with rapture — string was found, and the mouse tied by the leg to the stoo'. Perfect silence reigned as the Master of Oriental literature stalked up the room, nearly every cadet being absorbed in his endeavour to discover what 'Baital,' who, so far as I remember, was always obtruding his remarks, really had said. It happened that the mouse was so tied that it was only squeezed — and squeezed gently — when Bowles sat up- right; when he leant forward as he did when writing or reading, the mouse was free and silent. In a slow sonorous way ' Chaw ' said, 'Mr. Corporal, some one is making a squeaking noise.' Of course, no one on this occasion would confess to making the squeaking noise ; but after it had occurred again once or twice ; 'Chaw' Bowles acted on his own judgment and ordered out the set of six at my desk. I was thus prevented from seeing the rest of the play which lasted for some time until the Professor, leaning further back than usual in his just indignation at not discovering the maker of the 'squeaking noise,' produced one last and extra powerful squeal from the wretched mouse. This attracted Bowles' attention to the real performer whose death- agonies he witnessed. He was more touched by the little animal's sufferings (for he was a most kind-hearted man) than annoyed at having been trifled with. However, he reported the case to the Lieut. -Governor, and all our leave, etc., w^as stopped until further orders, or until the culprits confessed. As time wore on the jest appeared less humorous and the results more tedious, and one day on parade it was intimated that the class would open their hearts on the subject. I forget 76 A D D I S C O M B E the order of confession, but one cadet stepped two paces to the front and said, 'I saw the mouse, Sir.' Another penitent promptly came to the front and said, 'So did I, Sir.' Then for a change a third said, 'I caught the mouse. Sir,' and this went on until every cadet in the class had confessed to 'finding the string,' 'holding the mouse,' 'tying its leg,' etc., etc. Not one but had had a hand in the nefarious deed. How the orderly officer, Captain Couchman, kept his countenance all the time I cannot think. In the end a definite period of extra drill was named, and we served out our time.'' Some of the cadets knowing that Bowles had never been in India, expressed the greatest interest in that country and were anxious to obtain a great deal of useful information on the sub- ject. As a result, questions such as these were asked: "Had you a Khitmatgar in India, Sir.-" "How much did you pay for ■your dhoby.' " But to these queries no satisfactory answers were received. "Chaw" remained 30 years at Addiscombe, and although wor- ried a good deal by the cadets, was liked by them. On one occasion, when the senior class at the close of the term presented him with a photograph of the class, " Chaw "' was quite overcome, and after a pause thanked them and requested the head of the class to come and write all the names of the cadets on the back of it. In 1852, on the retirement of ^Iv. Haughton, he became Senior Professor in Hindustani, and in 1859, having succeeded to the property of his uncle, John Shakespeare, Esq., he left the College, only two years before it was finally abolished. He was the son of the late Charles Bowles, Esq., by a sister of the late John Shakespeare, Esq., of Langley Priory ; was born 1 8 10 and is married, and had, besides several daughters, one son, John, born 1869, who unfortunately died in 1886. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE -j-j Charles Bowles, Esq., when he succeeded to his uncle's pro- perty, assumed the name of Shakespeare in lieu of Bowles under the will of his uncle, John Shakespeare, Esq. Mr. Charles Shakespeare is a J. P. for the county of Leicestershire and was in roll for High Sheriff 1882. It should be noticed here, that for some years, soon after 1824, Mr. William Sturgeon was appointed Lecturer in Science and Philosophy at Addiscombe. He was a very remarkable man; was born at Whittington, Lancashire, in 1783, and was apprenticed to a shoemaker. In 1804 he enlisted in the Royal Artillery. He now devoted his leisure to scientific studies, and made himself familiar with all the great facts of electricity and magnetism. The new science of electro-mag- netism had recently been started. Sturgeon made himself known to the scientific world by his modification of Ampere's rotary cylinders, employed for showing how two electrified masses have a tendency to circulate about each other. In 1824 no fewer than 4 papers of great merit appeared from his pen on the subjects of electro- and thermo-electricity, in the pages of the London Philosophical Magazine. In 1825 the Society of Arts awarded to Sturgeon their large silver medal with a purse of 30 guineas for his complete set of novel electro-magnetic apparatus, which enabled him to perform with a voltaic battery of the size of a pint pot, experiments which had previously required the use of a cumbrous and costly bat- tery. About this time Sturgeon made his great discovery of the (soft iron) electro-magnet. This soft iron magnet has entered into the structure of every form of electric telegraph; and it may be regarded as the most important addition made by any experimentalist to the science of magnetism. In 1830 he published a pamphlet entitled "Experimental Re- 78 ADDISCOMBE searches in Electro-Magnetism, Galvanism, &c." comprising an extensive series of original experiments. He here pointed out the superior effects to be derived from the use of amalgamated plates of rolled zinc in the voltaic battery, instead of the un- prepared cast zinc then in general use. He prepared his plates by dipping them first into a dilute solution of acid to cleanse their surfaces, and afterwards plunging them into mercury; and he shewed that plates prepared in this way, do not effervesce in dilute sulphuric acid as the unprepared plates do, and in consequence require to be much less frequently renewed than the latter ; whilst the electric current produced is much more intense and constant. It is a remarkable fact that Mr. Sturgeon's amalgamated zinc plates are at the present day employed in every form of improved battery, no further improvement having been effec- ted. In 1825 Sturgeon sent a paper to the Royal Society containing the description of a perfectly original magnetic electrical machine, in which a most ingenious contrivance was adopted for uniting the reciprocating electric currents developed so as to give them one uniform direction. In the same year he was rewarded by two other important inventions. The first, an elec- tro-magnetic coil machine ; an instrument devised for the purpose of giving a succession of electric shocks in medical treatment, and which has been generally preferred by medical men to all others intended for similar purposes. The other was an elec- tro-magnetic engine for giving motion to machinery. Mr. Sturgeon filled the post of Lecturer on Experimental Philosophy at Addiscombe with great credit to himself, and with great ad- vantage to the students. In later years, difficulties having fallen on this able experimentalist in the decline of life. Govern- ment on the representation of some scientific friends, advanced him the sum of ^200; and in 1849 awarded him a pension of ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 79 ^50 which he enjoyed for only one year, as he died on i8th December, 1859, at the age of 67. The last years of this remarkable gunner were embittered by a public controversy with Mr. (after Sir) Snow Harris in the columns of "Annals of Electricity," a work which was edited Rev. JONATHAN CAPE. for many years by Mr. Sturgeon. At the time of his death he was engaged in collecting and publishing his works. He served over 15 years in the Royal Artillery, yet, in spite of 8o ADDTSrOATBE his great scientific talent, he never rose above the rank of gunner and driver. We must now turn to Jonathan Ca])e, who may be consider- ed, perhaps, the most remarkable member of the staff of the College during the whole course of its existence, from the time it was first placed on a strictly military basis till its extinction in i(S6i. He was first appointed, as we have seen, in December, I.S22, so for 39 years he remained at the College as Senior Professor, and there can hardly be any living cadet unacquainted with him. He took his degree in 1816, and shortly after became Assis- tant Professor at the Naval College at Portsmouth. He was 5th Wrangler when Jacob was Senior Wrangler; the celebrated Whewell, the future Master of Trinity, second Wrangler ; and Graham, the future Master of Christchurch and Bishop of Chester, 4th Wrangler. Cape was a very wise man, excellently adapted to his position, always gave good advice to his subor- dinates, and kept things smooth. When he first came to the College, it is recorded that several of the cadets insulted him in some way, but we do not hear of this again, and it would seem that he soon showed he was not to be trifled with. He appeared to the cadets as of a cold unsympathetic tempe- rament, and by his calmness and firmness was admirably adapt- ed to manage cadets. He always maintained strict discipline with the least possible effort, and no cadet ever attempted a joke with him a second time. One cadet writes, " To Jonathan Cape, D. D., especially do I attribute the excellent tone and principles governing the cadets at all times during the time I was at Addiscombe, and (as I have heard from others) during the 40 years he held office." At first his salary was ;^300, and ^^50 for the chaplaincy. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 8i besides an allowance for apartments and commons ; but after two years he was relieved of his duties as chaplain, and became non-resident. Very shortly his salary was increased to ^500 plus ^100 as house rent. In 1838 he published mathematical tables which were patronised by the Court, and in August, 1839, his course of mathematics in 2 volumes was adopted in lieu of Hutton's; and from this he must have obtained a considerable income, as for 22 years there was a great demand for the work, both at Addiscombe and at all the colleges and schools where cadets were prepared for the Indian services. Cape came from the north, his strong Northumberland accent, dry and hard as a ship's biscuit, was scarcely musical ; he had no singing voice, but he was Addiscombe — Addiscombe from its commencement until its end, 40 years after. At the Entrance Examination we had to write from his dictation, and it was difficult to understand his cold quaint precision of speech. One cadet tells me that at his Entrance Examination " Cape read out the ' dictation ' piece, and the word ' head ' occurring in it, I wrote 'heed,' that being the distinct word which reached my ear. Though, no doubt, I should have known from the context that this made nonsense, I left it standing ; and being confronted immediately afterwards with the great man and asked by him how I spelt 'heed,' I promptly replied 'h-e-e-d.' Old Jonathan tapping that knowledge box which had given birth to 'Cape's jMathematics,' said, 'Yer heed, man!' at which I was so tickled that I burst out into irreverent laughter — pump- ing out as best I could 'h-e-a-d.' The great man smiled a grim acknowledgment, laconically adding, ' It was yer only mee- stake ; ye've passed.'" He was extremely sociable and hospitable to his friends and the professors, and used to give very pleasant and excellent 6 82 ADDISCOiMBE dinners, at which he was accustomed to make use of his wit, w'hich was caustic and satirical. It is related that he had his wine-cellars arranged with mathematical precision, so that he had no difficulty in bringing uj) his wines with great promptitude. " He was a bachelor, and therefore well-off and fully appre- ciated a good dinner. He had been, so it is said, rather a 'gay dog,' and was once nearly engaged, but on bidding adieu to his lady-love, he was caught kissing the parlour-maid in his passage through the hall. I've seen this done in plays, and am glad it is supposed to have happened once in real life. But by us Jonathan Cape was much respected and feared as the arbi- trator of our fates." On one occasion he complained to the orderly officer that the cadets came into his study in a very disorderly way. "Oh," said the officer, "you kno\v, Mr. Cape, boys will be boys." "Yes," said Cape, "that is quite true, but then officers ought to be officers." After the armistice, the beginning of the end of the Crimean war, an Addiscombe cadet anxious to see the site of the Bala- clava charge, obtained leave and went. At Balaclava he found tourists were just beginning to arrive, at least two had come ; an enquiring, pleasant M. P. for W'eymouth and another on his owm account. " What, Mr. Cape ! What on earth brings you here.''" "Well, ye see, Mr. — in the eenterval of the vaccation I thought it wud be well to witness the practical eellustration of so much theree." He lived for some time in camp. Lt. Don- nelly, R. E., I son of Col. Donnelly) took him round all the French and English trenches. He would go everywhere, and went over the place with the zest of a novice and the precision of a pedant, and was at the commencement of the next term in his place at Addiscombe — few knowing anything of his ad- ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 83 ventures. He thought much, but said little. The following anecdote will show that he had a great sense of humour, and when he had occasion to use it, displayed it in a dry and cyn- ical manner. A cadet writes, "I remember being with some five other cadets at his desk one day for examination in tri- gonometry. He had given us a problem : " Given the angle at a milestone A, and the angle at a milestone B, required the distances from A to C and B to C. Having puzzled over it for some time, I at last said, that with 2 angles only given I did not see how without any distances given, the length of the sides of the triangle were to be discovered. j\Ir. Cape turned his withering glance round the party at the desk, and uttered this conundrum : "What is the distance between 2 milestones.^" " Oh ! well, I suppose a mile, but they might have been mile- stones on two different roads." He said, "Well, you have shown more ingenuity in getting out of the scrape than you did in getting into it." Cape is stated to have had a story that he once asked a student "Which is the most difficult Cape to get round.?" and received the prompt reply, "Cape Jonathan." A truer statement was never made. When the College was closed in 1861, all the professors were treated in a most liberal manner, and Cape received a large pension of, it is believed, ^500 or ^600 a year. He died in or about 1870, but I have not been able to ascertain where he died. His only married brother was in business in Cheltenham, and had a son, Jonathan Cape, who was killed as a lieutenant in the Bengal army, in Oude on the 20th March, 1858. A favourite pursuit in the hot summer months in "Chaw's" study, was to imitate the sound of bumble bees flying about 84 ADDISrOMBE the room. The weather being hot or supposed to be so, all the windows of the study would be carefully opened before "Chaw" came in, he would then proceed to his rostrum and call "Silaance!"' And presently, during the most perfect still- ness, G — and perhaps two other cadets would mimic the sound of two or three bumble bees coming in at the windows. G — would, in the most clever manner imaginable, buzz its career up and down and across the room, making a most amusing and entertaining serenade. "Chaw" would look up to see the bees, and order the windows to be closed to keep them out. This being acted upon, G — would finish his sounds by that of the collision of the bees against the panes of glass with a loud thud and a fizz ; and then would follow a rush of the cadets to the windows to let out the wounded and imaginary insect. This was a simple, but a very pretty sport, and got us comfort- ably through half an hour of a somewhat dreary two hours of Hindustani. Another tale was that a cadet had caught a rat and tied it to the Professor's chair. On "Chaw" seating himself the rat gave a squeak, and "Chaw" rose to ascertain the cause, but the rat was by this time beneath the chair, and " Chaw " turned round to sit down again. By this time the rat was on the seat of the chair, and when the Professor sat down, he sat on the rat, and the rat retaliated by biting the Professor in a tender part. The Professor started up and finding his enemy, at once sent for the orderly officer (who is, I am told, still living, and a very distinguished officer) and without uttering one word pointed to the rat. The officer was so intensely amused by the incident, that for some moments he was hardly in a position to give the requisite order with a grave face. Sir Howard Douglas was succeeded by Sir Alexander Dickson, ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 85 G. C. B., as Public Examiner in 1824, about the same time as Col. Houston became Resident Superintendent. His first Public Examination was fixed for the i8th June, but it was altered to the 17th, as the following day was the anniversary of the battle of Waterloo. Sir A. Dickson was a most highly distinguished Peninsular officer. He belonged to the Royal Artillery and held some high commands under Wellington, being considered by him as an officer of the highest merit. He entered the service .as 2nd Lt. on 6th November, 1794, and during the following 20 years had a grand record of active service. He obtained his Bt. Majority in 181 2, became Colonel ist July, 1836, having been a Major-General more than 6 years previously. His first service was at the capture of Minorca in 1798, followed by the capture of Malta in 1800. In 1807 he was present at the capture of Monte Video and Buenos Ayres. He then served in the Penin- sular war, and the campaigns in France and Flanders; in 1809 was present at Grigo and Oporto, and the expulsion of Marshal Soult from Portugal; and in 18 10, at Busaco, and the lines of Torres Vedras near Lisbon. In 181 1 he served at Campo Magor, Oliven^a, the ist. and 2nd. sieges of Badajoz and at the battle of Albuera. Next year he was at Cuidad Rodrigo, Badajoz, Almarez, the battle of Salamanca, capture of the Ritero, Madrid, and the siege of Burgos; in 181 3 at the battle of Vittoria, siege of St. Sebastian, passages of the Bidassoa, the Nivelle, and the Nive, and finished his services in these campaigns the following year at the Adour and Toulouse. He then went to America and served at New Orleans, Fort Bowyer and Mobille. He returned to Europe in time to be present at the battles 86 ADDISCOMBE of Ouatre Bras and Waterloo. He afterwards coniniandcd the batterins^f train, and was present with the Prussian army at the sieges of Maubery, Landrecies, Phillippeville, Marienberg and Rocroy. To mark his services he received a cross and six clasps, and was made a K.C.H. and G.CB. He held the post of Public Examiner at Addisconilje till his death in 1(840. He was greatly esteemed, admired and loved by the cadets, as may be gathered from the following "Tribute to the Memory of Sir- Alexander Dickson," written by Douglas Metcalfe, and published in "The Addiscombe Scrap Book," printed by Corne- lius Chapman, High Street, Croydon, in 1 840. The Scraj) Book was edited by Metcalfe, and dedicated to Lady Stannus. "Entfland opprcs.s'd with unavailini^ tfricf, Mourns the departure of her bravest chief, Whose deeds emblazoned in her hist'rys page Will lij^ht to victory each succeeding age ; While new-born heroes strive to act again The deeds of valour he performed in Spain, Where the loud thunder of his cannon bore Sweet hopes of freedom to the Country's shore. The Gallic Kagle, pausing as she Hew O'er the ensanguined plains of Waterloo, View'd with dismay her hosts opjjosed l)y one To whom the name of fear was never known ; Screaming aloft to heaven, she urged her flight And mourned the downfall of Napoleon's might ; The bright but transient reign of triumph o'er, His sun of glory set to rise no more. Yet while such deeds for Britain's hero claim Unfading laurels at the shrine of fame, Let retrospection paint with vivid power The gentler virtues of his social hour ; With more than manhood's courage he po.ssessed The rare emotion found in woman's breast, Meeting in acts of kindness his reward, Within himself his happiness w'as stored. So pass'd he life's dark vale, to a// endeared, By age respected and by youth revered." ITS HEROES AND I^IEN OF NOTE 87 During the first fifteen years of Sir Charles Wilkins' tenure of the post of Pubhc Examiner in Oriental languages, he receiv- ed, strange to say, no salary, his extra work being considered apparently a portion of his duties as Orientalist at the India House; but in 1824 he was presented with /^300 and granted a salary of £S'^- He was Public Examiner till 1836, a period of 27 years, when he was succeeded by Professor Horace H. Wilson. It was on the 18th March, 1824, that Col. Houston was appointed the 1st Lieut. -Governor, and he remained at the head of Addis- combe for 10 years. He had seen much service in India. Born in 1780, he went to India in 1795, and in 25 years is stated to have served in 12 campaigns. He was posted Cornet, 2nd Light Cavalry, on the 5th December, 1795 ; and Adjutant of 6th Regiment, in 1800, when only 20 years of age. He received his Majority on the ist November, 1809, shortly after the cap- ture of Bhowannee by assault. Bt. -Lieut. -Colonel, 4th June, 1814; and Lt.-Col. of regiment, 13th December, 1818. He ser- ved as Brigade-]\Iajor during two campaigns of Lord Lake against the Mahrattas in 1803 and 1804. Succeeded to the command of his regiment when a captain in 1805, when he was only 25, and held it {"or 9 years. He commanded troops sent in 1812-13 into south Behar to protect the frontier against the Pindarries, and in 18 14 commanded on the Mirzapore fron- tier. i\fter this he was obliged to return to England in bad health. He was appointed a Companion of the Bath on 3rd Fe- bruary, 1817. He must have been almost one of the first of the Indian Army to obtain this decoration, as the order was only opened to the officers of the Indian Army in 181 5. In 1 81 7 he returned to India, joined the Grand Army under Lord Hastings, and was nominated to the command of the Guides 88 ADDISCOMBK and Intelligence Department. At the close of the campaign, he was appointed Commander of a Cavalry Depot till November, 1819, and then received command of the forces in Malwa, amounting to 6,000 men, till November, 1821, when bad health compelled him to revisit England. He did not return to India, and rather more than two years later he was appointed to Addiscombe. There he seems to have been a somewhat severe disciplinarian, although of a kindly disposition and very hospitable towards the cadets. He obtained the sobriquet of "Black Dick," being of a swarthy complexion ; but why he was called Dick when his name was Robert, I have been unable to discover. On one occasion 60 years ago, the senior corporal, S , considered it necessary to place a cadet who frequently made himself obnoxious, on extra drill. The latter, D , threatened to report to the Lieut.-Governor (Black Dick) the fact that S allowed cards to be played in the study. On this S doubled D 's extra drill for his want of respect, and handing over the class to the censor, went off to Houston — related what had taken place, and told him that he really had permitted the cadets to play cards. Houston told him that he had done quite right to come to him at once, and that in future he must put a stop to the practice of card-playing. A few hours after, D went to the Lieut.- Governor and carried out his threat of bringing S 's conduct to his notice. "You dirty young blackguard!" said Houston, "you shall go to extra drill for the remainder of the term." Another talc told of those times is that " Cadet R was a good-looking, strapping, young fellow, and a great favourite with the still-room maids. One day at breakfast he went to the orderly officer, and complained of the butter being underweight (one ounce was allowed to each cadet.) " Go down and get it weighed," said the orderly; so down he went and presently ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 89 came back with the due supply of butter. A short time after, an ugly small cadet, G , thought he would like to do the same, and made the same complaint. He was accordingly allowed to go down to rectify matters, but returned very shortly in a rapid and confused manner with the marks of five fingers on his cheek to the great amusement of cadets and officer. Not long after, R again being anxious to pay a visit to the still-room, again made the shortness of the butter supply a pretext, but the orderly guessing his design, said, "No, Mr. R , 1 think perhaps on this occasion it would be as well, if Mr. G were to un- dertake the duty, as he carried it out with such eminent success last time:" when great laughter followed at the discomfited appearance of G . Houston's Adjutant at first was Captain Lester, but he soon retired; and on 5th May, 1824, Captain Chas. O. Aveline was appointed Adjutant, with Lt. Talbot Ritherdon of the Bombay Artillery as his Assistant. In August, 1825, it was resolved to have orderly officers instead of Adjutant and Assistant Adjutant, and Captain Liddell and Talbot Ritherdon were appointed, with Captain Aveline as Staff Captain; and in June, 1827, Ritherdon became Staff Captain, which post he retained till the appoint- ment of Sir Fred. Abbott in 1851 to the post of Lieut. -Gov- ernor. It must have been about the time of Houston's appointment that the pernicious system of spying was introduced into the establishment. Authority was given to the sergeants to observe the movements of the cadets during the hours of re- creation, and report at once to the staff any infringement of the rules regarding smoking, entering public-houses, etc. No- thing more calculated to destroy all self-respect amongst young- sters could have been devised. The only reason I can give for 90 ADDISCOMBE the failure of this system to ruin the cadets is, that the cadets were imbued with such manly and generous feelings throughout, that it was powerless to damage them. They looked upon the espionage as an enemy to be fought in a sportsmanlike manner — by intelligence and exertion, and not to be parried by false- hood and meanness. As a consequence the cadets came out of the ordeal unscathed. Nevertheless, embryo officers should never have been exposed to such a temptation. It certainly was not this part of the system at Addiscombe which helped to turn out so many good men and true, who have fought Old England's Ijattles for the last < ■''^ -n < Q 92 ADDISCOMBE threw the cloak o\cr liis head, and managed to kccj) it there till all his comrades had escaped ; then hoitin" throuj^di the door he got off himself without being recognised, but, alas ! he had left his garment behind him, and at the next f)arade the owner of the military cloak, on which his College number was marked, had to attend at the orderly officer's quarters. It was only his good character that saved him from being expelled and secured for him, instead of the immediate destruction of all his future prospects, an infliction of some weeks" double extra drill. Another anecdote ma)' here l)e related of Fitzgerald. He was with a surveying party on the Addington hills and in going from the ground had to pass the Shirley windmill. Fitzgerald, who was always ready for any dare-devil act, said he would rush past between the descending wings and gain the body of the mill. He did so unhurt; but on trying the same feat again, the descending wing caught him and sent him flying several yards, and there he lay apparently dead. Upon this a shutter was borrowed from the mill, and his squad hoisted him on their shoulders, and carried him back to Addiscombe. On reaching the gate he quietly requested thcni to put him down, saying he was unhurt. His bearers were indignant, and asked him why he had not said so sooner. He replied that, as it was a hot day, he found it much more pleasant being carried than walking ! Talbot Ritherdon who was probably the most prominent mili- tary figure at Addiscombe during a period of over twenty- seven years, had seen but little service in the army. He was an Addiscombe cadet from i Si 7-19, obtained a commission in the Bombay Artillery, and became ist Lieut, on 19th April, 1821, and as he was appointed Asst. Adjutant at Addiscombe on 5th May, 1824, he could not have remained in India more than three ITS HEROES AND iMEN OF NOTE 93 years. When he first joined the Seminary he was allowed local rank as Captain and passed all the rest of his service within the grounds of Addiscombe. Notwithstanding^ this, he afterwards OLD STAFF" attained in some mysterious manner the rank of Major. The author of "In the Company's Service" states that "he main- 94 ADD ISC O MB E tained in spite of his exceptional career, or perhaps in conse- quence of it, a stiffer demeanour and more rigorous notions of military discipline than if he had spent a lifetime in camp." He was a portly and pompous man, and when "he appeared at the forenoon parade, he strutted to and fro with the air of a leader of armies." He obtained the sobriquet of "Old Staff." The cir- cular swing of his right leg, the clank of his steel scabbard and spurs, and his stentorian word of command were grand to see and hear; but the effect on the saucy cadet whom they were intended to overawe was not always the one desired. Cadets brought before him for some scrape, who wished to secure his favourable consideration of their case, said that if they called him Colonel Ritherdon they were pretty sure to get off with a slight punishment. Indeed it was said that a cadet once ventured on "Admiral Ritherdon," but this was rather trop fort, and the culprit caught it very heavily. It was on the Review days that Major Ritherdon was seen to the finest advantage in his cocked hat. This is capitally described in "In the Company's Service" and I cannot do better than transcribe it. The parade has just been transferred to his charge by the orderly officer. "It is immediately apparent that another sort of inspiration is now at work: 'Parade!' 'Shon! Every file looking to his front. S — t — e — a — d — y!' " Not his voice only, but his whole frame trembles with emotion. Then comes a sudden explosion ' How : ' and again ' How ! ' making the echoes ring and startling the civilians. The first 'How' signifies 'March,' the second, 'Halt;' and the effect of the whole is to bring the line some six paces nearer to the amazed spectators. "'Rear rank, take open order! How!' ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 95 "And with this the Staff Major, his naturally pale face redden- ed with excitement and the exertion of shouting, proceeds to inspect the line, pausing in front of each member of it, and eyeing the youths in turn from top to toe, adjusting a waist- belt here, a loose button there, and from time to time falling back a step or two so as the better to observe doubtful dress- ing or firelocks brouglit too much to the front. The ranks closed ; the line re-dressed, and the tremulous voice again raised entreat- ingly, ' Every file looking to his front ! S-t-e-a-d-y every file ! ' the command is handed over to the Lieut. -Governor." Another occasion when "Old Staff " was seen to advantage was on Sundays, when marching the cadets to Morning Service. On their arrival at the church they were drawn up just outside, preparatory to being marched in, and then it was a sight to see Major Ritherdon caracoling on horseback among the grave- stones. A story used to be told of how Cadet A (after in the Madras Army) having been caught smoking, melted the great Ritherdon almost to tears, by describing the tortures he suffer- ed from bad teeth, which absolutely compelled the use of tobacco even at any risk of punishment ; and how he capped his touching appeal by adding, " I can see, Major, that as you have such beautiful teeth, you, alas ! can have no fellow-feeling for me, and I must take whatever punishment you think fit." A — returned triumphant from his interview. The Major unfor- tunately, however, prosecuted enquiries with the Surgeon as to those teeth, and soon learnt how he had been "taken in," with terrible results to Cadet A , who carried away from Addis- combe such a lively recollection of the "salting" he got, that on coming home some years later on leave, he went down to Addiscombe expressly to interview "Staff." Waiting his oppor- 96 ADD ISC OM BE tunity, when the great man was posing in all his glory before the assembled cadets, A came rapidly up behind him, and being a big powerful man, gave old "Staff" a clap on the back wiiich nearly took all the wind out of his body, shouting out, "How delighted I am to see you again, dear old chap! Just got back from India, etc." The mighty "Staff" could only gasp out, " God bless me ! you have the advantage of me, 1 really don't remember you. Sir." "Not remember me.-" said A- , who was up to any amount of pure "devilment," and proceed- ed to enfold "Old Staff" in a loving embrace. The condition of the sergeants and cadets on parade by this time was some- thing to remember. A was long noted in the Madras Army for his endless humour and practical jokes. The extent to which he went at times may be judged from the fact that, being placed in arrest by his commanding officer at Cannanore, he promptly stripped, clothed himself with leafy wreaths as Bacchus and drove on to the parade seated on a barrel drawn by four pigs! I cannot refrain from inserting here some remarks sent me by an old cadet, which bring out in an amusing manner the bad effects caused by the baneful system of allowing sergeants to pry into the conduct of Gentlemen Cadets during their leisure hours. " My stay there was exactly 6o days, during the whole of which time I was more or less at war with the autho- rities on account of the infernal system of spying that then prevailed there. I recollect well ' Old Staff's ' face of mingled horror and astonishment when I told Sergeant Reid in front of him, that if I caught him spying after me again, I would thrash him within an inch of his life. I really thought ' Old Staff ' would have had a fit on the spot." On Sir Ephraim Stannus' death, towards the end of 1850, ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 97 Major Ritherdon thought that, after his long service as " Staff, " he had a good claim to the post of Lieut. -Governor, and applied for it ; but the Court of Directors wisely decided that his ap- pointment was far from desirable, and appointed Sir Frederick Abbott. As a result of this, Major Ritherdon in August, 185 1, sent in his resignation a few months after Abbott's appointment. During the interregnum Ritherdon officiated as Lieut. -Gover- nor, and for his services in this capacity he received a present of 100 guineas and a superannuation allowance of ^366 per annum, being 2-3 rds. of his salary. Although Major Ritherdon had a pompous demeanour and a great idea of his importance and position as "Staff," he was of a kindly nature and made but few — if any — enemies amongst the cadets. The orderly officers who were appointed during the time of Col. Houston were the following : — Lt. T. Ritherdon, June, 1825. David Liddell, June, 1825. ,, F. Brind, Aug., 1826, afterwards C. B. ,, G. Emly, June, 1827. ,, A. Hyslop, June, 1827. ,, E. A. Farquharson, Jan., 1828. „ Chas. Whinfield, July, 1828. ,, Clements Blood, July, 1828. G. K. Mann, March, 183 1. ,, A. F. Oakes, Aug., 1831. J. Grant, July, 1832. ,, G. Le Grand Jacob, Jan., 1833, afterwards K. C. B. C. W. Burdett, July, 1833. The orderly officers were selected from those who happened to be on leave in England, and this being so, their tenure of 7 98 ADDISCOMBE office varied from I year to 2 years, according to circumstances. They were allowed lOs.Gd. a day and free quarters with liberal board. The post was much sought after, and there were usually many candidates on the occurrence of a vacancy. Each officer was on duty on alternate days, and had to attend all the nume- rous parades and the drill exercises of the cadets. They had to be present during all the meals of the cadets, and finally marched the cadets off to barracks at night. In 1823 the number of cadets at the Seminary was restricted to 1 10, as the dormitories could not hold more; but in 1825, as we have seen, additional accommodation was ordered, in 1826 one of the new dormitories was finished; but it was not until 1828 that the whole were completed, and the buildings were sufficient to accommodate the intended number of 1 50. When the Seminary was first established, the payments by the cadets were as low as ^30, pluS;^i3 i6j".5df. for military clothing, hi 1 82 1 the payment was increased to ;^ 40 plus £ 13 16^.5^. total ^53 i6s.sd. In March, 1829, the cost to the cadet was for the first year ^65 inclusive of military outfit, and for the second year ;^50; while after 1825 two guineas was payable by each cadet for the use of the Public Library. On 14th Oct., 1835, during Sir Ephraim Stannus' tenure of office, the Court of Directors, considering that the payments of the cadets were disproportioned to the value of their education, fixed them at about ^61 18s. per term or about ^240 for the 2 years' residence. The total annual expense of the Seminary upon an average of the six years ending Midsummer, 1835, may be taken at about ^20,000, of which the Company's proportion was be- tween ^11,000 and ;^i 2,000. In August, 1823, two cadets selected for the Engineers, Fredk. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 99 Bordwine and Bradshaw Rcilly, were found to be so equal in point of merit that it was found impossible to say which was to be preferred. It was resolved that they should draw lots for priority of rank, a somewhat strange way of settling such a matter. Reilly joined the Bengal Engineers, and Bordwine went to Bombay. In the years 1826-27, with the view of encouraging the cadets to increased exertion, Artillery Cadets who passed their course in 12 months, and Engineer Cadets who got through in iS months, were presented with ^50 each. Nineteen cadets obtained this allowance at the three Public Examinations held in December, 1826, and in June and December, 1827; these cadets commenced with W. E. Baker (after Sir Wm. Baker) and ended with Edward Lacon Ommaney. During these early years the Court of Directors appear to have been most anxious to put down smoking. In July, 1831, Sir Alex. Dickson reported that he considered that " there was too much insobriety" and that, as this evil was occasioned by the pernicious habit of " smoking cigars and a too liberal supply of money," it would be necessary to rigidly enforce the order against smoking and to put a stop to the possession of too much money. When Stannus became Lieut. -Governor additional powers were given to him. He was authorised immediately to send to their friends (for a period not exceeding 3 months) cadets found guilty of smoking or any other offence. This was not to be done on a first offence ; but their friends were to be warned of the consequences, if the offence was persisted in. In June, 1833, Major Straith proposed that arrangements should he made for giving instruction in the art of sapping and mining, pontooning, and other field-duties, together with civil architecture. This work was to be carried out at Addis- loo ADDISCOMBE combe under his direction, hut Col. Pasley wrote several letters objecting to the proposed measure, and the proposal was accor- dingly wisely negatived. It would have been impracticable to carry it out unless more time had been allowed at college, and if more time were allowed, it was far better to pass this time at Chatham. Col. Houston resigned his post on 26th March, 1834, having held it for 10 years, and was presented by the Company with 500 guineas. The Committee expressed their great regret at " losing so estimable an officer, and one who had done so much to raise the character of their establishment at Addiscombe, and they recorded the fact that he had exercised a peculiar talent for keeping the cadets in order by persuasion and kindness rather than by coercion." It is difficult to ascertain if the cadets would have subscribed to the truth of this description, as very little has been written regarding this time. But to judge from " Peregrine Pulteney, " which was, it is believed, written by Sir John Kaye (who left Addiscombe in December, 1832), the cadets were far from delighted with many of the arrangements. First, there was the objectionable practice of supplying the junior cadets with the cast-off suits of the term which had just passed out. It will now scarcely be credited that they actually had to wear the coats and trousers which the old cadets had worn on Sun- days during the previous term. I am inclined to believe that this is somewhat of an exaggeration, and that it was only the coats which were made use of in this way. There is no doubt, however, that even up to the year 1852 the practice of using the coats was continued ; and there is an amusing picture in a small book, called "The Adventures of an Addiscombe Cadet," showing a cadet having an old coat fitted on. In "Peregrine Pulteney" a somewhat jaundiced account is given of Addiscombe. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE loi It appears from that book that the cadets dined in the dining hall at four long tables, and on each of these tables they had four legs of mutton, etc., besides a tough pudding called "Mahog- any." They were roused by bugle and assembled on parade, when the orderly officer inspected them, after which they were marched into chapel and then to study. Regarding these early movements, the following fragment of a poem called " Addis- combe " may be fitly introduced. I have found it impossible to obtain a copy of the whole of it. It was written about i^3-"33 l^y '^ cadet of the name of "Red" Baines. "What sound is that r what pealing note My tranquil slumliers thus has broke ? Not mine alone ! At that dread trump The startled barrack upwards jump ; While some cadet more wise than usual Exclaims aloud — " There goes the bugle !" I from my wretched bed reluctant rise With many sad, though unavailing, sighs And deeply curse the man who made That public nuisance called "Parade." I dress in haste. — Cries 'Teapot' "What's o'clock? D — n it! I've broke the buckle of my stock." On parade I strive my dirty legs to hide ; There's not a more luckless wretch alive ; For on my trousers there remains Of last night's football the still miry stains. {' S/aff loquitur). "So! Sir, you're hardened, I begin to fear: This conduct, I assure you, won't do here. If difficult you find the rules to follow. You had much better, I think, go home to-morrow. Here, Sergeant, let this gentleman attend The extra drill until his conduct mend." In study seated — ask what have we got. Perdition seize my soul — five hours of "Swat."*) Oh "Swat!" Capricious Goddess, me I fear Thou ne'er will turn into an Engineer ; If thus to me your favours you deny, Thou sure wilt book me for the Infantry." * Mathematics. 102 ADDISCOMBE After study, breakfast followed: "a slop-basin of tea, an ounce of butter, and plenty of bread ; then half an hour's recreation, when a parade was formed at which the Lieut. - Governor ai)i)eared, and again the cadets were marched off to study till dinner-time at i , with the exception of a few minutes to breathe the air about 1 1 . The dinner over, half an liour was allowed of leisure, and then once more to study, from 2 to 4, when drill took place, and after that was freedom till tea-time at 6. Even after this, the evenings were sometimes passed in study ; altliough occasionally they were allowed what was called "Library": that was, to read or do what they pleased in study. This leisure was more frequently utilised for singing, reciting and boxing, etc. In "Peregrine Pulteney " it is related that there was a dispute regarding the use of the Pavement which resulted in an unseemly disturbance ; and the consequence of the row was an emphatic address from the Lieut. -Governor, as follows : "Gentlemen! — and yet I can hardly call you gentlemen, for you sometimes forget that you are, — it has been brought to my notice that a very scandalous proceeding highly injurious to the character of the histitution has taken place since yesterday morning. You don't come here to turn pugilists, but to learn your profession, and behave like officers and keep up the character of the Institution. You must not conduct yourselves like schoolboys who go to fisticuffs and get flogged. If you do, I shall bring the conduct of such children before the Seminary Committee. Officers in uniform going to fisticuffs ! I do not intend to enquire further into the disgraceful uproar of yesterday. I do not know who commenced it, but I would warn the young gentlemen who have just joined, that I am determined to uphold the character of the Institution. Let those who have just joined, remember, ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 103 that they are but probationary pupils ; and those who expect to get their commissions at the end of the term, take heed lest they should not be recommended for commissions at all. Gent- lemen, I shall say no more. Let the corporals march off their classes." During this period of the life of the Seminary very many cadets distinguished in after-life, passed out. Three most highly distinguished, who were at college about the same time, were frequently on the extra-drill list. The list was at that time read out by the sergeant-major and very often contained the names of "Mr. Pottinger, Mr. Jacob and Mr. Na-peer," who afterwards became celebrated as Eldred Pottinger, of Herat ; John Jacob, of Jacob's Horse ; and Robert Napier, of Magdala. Pottinger, it appears, was a great boxer, and was frequently distinguished in pugilistic encounters with the roughs of Croydon. Sir Robert Montgomery passed out of Addiscombe at this period, and obtained his commission in the Engineers. But before he joined the corps, he got an appointment to the Bengal Civil Service. In his after-career he, without doubt, was indebted to his training at Addiscombe for at least a part of his invari- able success in every position he held. Durand, afterwards Lieut. -Governor of the Punjab, was also a cadet of this time, and amongst the finest produced in those days we may mention Atwell Lake and Vincent Eyre. CHAPTER IV. The second Lieut. -Governor was Sir I-li)hraim G. Stannus of the Bombay Army. He had seen a <4reat deal of service and had liii^hly distinguished himself. He was appointed to Addi.s- combe on 13th March, 1834. He entered the service in 1800, and was posted to the Bombay European Regiment. He first served, in 1803-4, under Colonel Montresor, in the operations against the Cotiote Rajah. The expedition was rendered neces- sary \)y the surprise of an outpost, and the murder of two British officers and many sepoys, and the escape of the Pysche Rajah's nephews from confinement in the fort of Cannanore. The force was employed in the districts of Coonnanaad, Cur- tinaad and Wynaad, sometimes enduring extreme privations, engaged with the enemy and carrying fire and sword in every direction. Sir Ephraim's next campaign was in Kattywar, where he was employed in December, 181 1, as Brigade-Major under Colonel Lionel Smith. On this occasion he received the grate- ful thanks of Colonel Smith for his " abilities and his zealous exertions on the present service." In 181 5 he was Military Secretary to General Lawrence com- manding the Field force on the banks of tlie Myhie, and in Col. Sir E. STANNUS, Afterwards Lieut -Governor. io6 ADDISCOMBK November of that year he was Brigade-Major, and afterwards Deputy Adjutant-General to the force under Colonel East in Kattywar. Next year he was Deputy Adjutant-General to the Field force at Baroda, and served in the Deccan War as Deputy Adjutant-General to Sir William Grant Keir's division In 1817 he accompanied an expedition under Lieut. -Colonel Elrington, against Palhampore and Deesa. He highly distinguished himself at the capture of Kairee, when he (with Lieut. Marriott) was the first that entered the town through a port-hole before the scaling ladders had arrived. In IcSiq he was appointed Asst. Adjt. -General to the Guicowar's force, and was directed to pro- ceed to Cutch with Sir William Keir. Stannus served at the capture of Bhooj, and Sir William Keir in his despatch preferred a request that the General commanding the forces " would be pleased to recommend Captain Stannus, Asst. Adjutant-General, and Lieut. Remon, of the Bombay Engineers, to the Marquis of Hastings for some special mark of his Lordship's favour. " In September, 18 19, Sir William Keir commanded an expedition to the Persian Gulf, and Stannus accompanied him as Deputy Adjutant-General, when he was again mentioned with great a])- proval. In May, 1820, he was Asst. Adjutant-General to the Field force in Cutch, and was present at the reduction of the fort of Dwarka, in Okamundel, where the Arabs and Scindians offered a desperate resistance, fighting sword in hand. Stannus and Remon were again mentioned as having displayed great gallantry. He was thus noticed by Lord Hastings : — " The names of Major Stannus, Capt. Wilson, and Lieut. Remon are familiar to his Lordship as connected with former services, where zeal, intelligence and gallantry combined, led also to results equally creditable to their characters as British officers and advantageous to the Government of India." ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE lo; In December, 1820, Stannus was Assistant Adjutant-General to an expedition to the Coast of Arabia under Major-General Smith. In the operation against the Beni-boo-ali tribe of Arabs he was thus noticed: — "The services of Major Stannus, Captain Wilson, Major Mackintosh (Artillery), and Capt. Dickinson (Engineers), have arrested my particular attention." On return to Bombay in March, 1821, he was posted to the command of the Bombay European Regiment, and in January, 1822, officiated as Private Secretary to the Governor; while in January, 1824, he was appointed the first British Resident in the Persian Gulf, having on 26 July, 1823, t)een made a Companion of the Order of the Bath. He held this appointment for nearly three years, and in November, 1826, proceeded to England. He was thanked by the Bombay Government for the " zeal, decision, and judgment with which you have conducted your important duties," and for "the eminent success which has at- tended your exertions in preventing the revival of piracy." In March, 1834, on his appointment to Addiscombe, Lord Hill, Commander-in-Chief, at the request of the Court of Directors, appointed him Brevet Colonel in H. M. Service, and the honour of Knighthood was conferred upon him on 9th May, 1837. Stannus was a splendid-looking man, with a tall soldierlike presence ; he had plenty of very fine, quite white hair, and it was a trick of his when irritated by some misdemeanour of a cadet, when complaints of bad conduct were brought before him, to take off his spectacles and comb his hair with them, sometimes indulging in strong language. This indulgence which, no doubt, was common enough in his younger days and thought to belong specially to a gentleman, was the only defect in his character. He was a most perfect specimen of a gentleman; loS ADDISCOMBE hasty and explosive, but still, just and kind, and very observant of the character of others. He was very fond of children, although he had none of his own, and this affection was the cause of his death. It was at the latter end of 1850 that a little child, on a visit to him, was standing near a closed door, the door was suddenly thrown open by Stannus himself, and threatened to knock the child down. The General was seriously alarmed by the danger the child had been exposed to, and the shock so affected his heart that he died during the night. The following story will indicate Stannus' choleric temperament : "About 1845-46 the great cause of excitement centred in the meat supply, which was so bad, that for a good part of the term the cadets absolutely refused to touch their dinners. This culminated in such scenes both in the study-rooms and dining- hall. that the old Lieut. -Governor, Sir Ephraim Stannus, who was known to have the choicest vocabulary of blessings in the whole service at disposal, came down to lecture the cadets at dinner one day, when, as it so happened, a son of the Chairman of the Court of Directors was acting Senior Corporal. Stannus stormed for a good twenty minutes in something stronger than scripture language, till the clock pohiting to the fateful 20 past I, the Senior Corporal jumped up and calling all to 'tention,' roared out almost into the old Colonel's ear, the usual form of Grace — 'For what we have received, thank God ! Quick march! ' all that we had received, no meat having been touched, being the Lieut. -Governor's ornate lecture. Furious at this, and not daring to send the Corporal (connected as he was) to the ' Black Hole,' Stannus came down raging on parade next mor- ning, and working himself into a red-hot fury told us ' we were a pack of d d babies, and that he had a d d good mind to pack us all off straight to our d d parents; but he ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 109 would give us one chance more ; he was sure that at least a few gentlemen might be left in the term, and these he would exempt if they fell out of the ranks.' Roaring out at last — 'Those who have had nothing to say to these disgraceful proceedings will take two paces to the front! March! " The whole company instantly as one man took two paces to the front, looking like lambs. " This was too much for Sir Ephraim's temper. The cadets were in open order at the time. For a moment he glared like a wild animal, then rushed along the ranks swearing and bran- dishing in their faces a big stick which he carried ; then hurled it at the nearest window, and turning to the Corporal in charge, shouted — 'God d -n you, Sir! March the class off quick or I shall do some one an injury.' He then dashed off the parade to the mansion without uttering another word. "Here, no doubt, reflection came to his aid, as he had the whole term fairly on his hands and he must face the responsibility of sending perhaps 40 cadets to their homes. This was too large an order, so instead they were all sent to extra drill for the remainder of the term, some two months. "The cadets took it all with a light heart; the meat supply was improved ; the authorities became more reasonable, and gradually the life of a cadet became distinctly bearable." On another occasion a cadet's father, a clergyman, had come down to take away his son who had been rusticated for some serious breach of discipline. Sir Ephraim addressed the father in these words: — "Mr. , I have no doubt that your son is a devilish good fellow, but he is a d d sight too good for us here." Notwithstanding his quickness of temper and his use of strong language, Sir Ephraim Stannus was a favourite with the cadets. no ADD ISC OM BE During the greater part of his rule the cadets generally seem to have been quiet, well-behaved and busy, but during the latter part insubordination increased. This was perhaps due partially to Stannus' declining health interfering with supervision, but it would certainly appear that for a time the tone of the establishment was lowered. The evil effects of the system of espionage were intensified by the more lax supervision caused by the impaired health of the Lieut-Governor, and led to most regrettable results. Cadets thought it excusable to forge letters of invitation in order to get leave of absence from Saturday afternoon to Monday morning, and the system of espionage by sergeants led to some of the sergeants being bribed — and as a consequence the autho- rities began to doubt the word of a cadet. In 1849 an anony- mous letter appeared in a Croydon newspaper reflecting on the mode of carrying on duty at the Seminary, and accusing the sergeants of taking bribes to conceal offences by cadets. The authorities discovered the writer of this letter, and he was given the option of substantiating his accusation, or being sent to his friends. He chose the former, and brought the matter home to one sergeant at least, who was at once dismissed. The following story shows to what results this lowness of tone led : On one occasion a cadet having gone up to London on a fictitious invitation, chanced to meet his father in the street. The father, addressing his son by his Christian name, said, "Why! , what are you doing here.?" The cadet's ready reply was, "Well, old gentleman, you have the advantage of me. My name is not , and I never had the pleasure of seeing you before." And as he pushed past his father, he added, " You have made a mistake. Good-bye, old gentleman, I am in a hurry. " ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE iii It was early in the afternoon, and the cadet, who knew his father well, thought the latter would probably go to Addiscombe ; so he turned and followed his father, who hailed a cab and got into it. The cadet did the same, and instructed the driver to follow the cab his father had entered, and when the latter arrived at the London Bridge Station, the cadet alighted from his cab and followed his father into the station. Hearing him ask for a ticket to Croydon, he also took one and travelled by the same train as his father. On their arrival, the father took a cab to Addiscombe, while the cadet ran by a short cut through the "Wilderness" and got into his uniform just in time to meet his father's cab as it drove up to the barrack square. The father was not a little amazed to see his son, and the latter simulated much surprise at his father's story. The father said he would not stay, and the son made some excuse for not accompanying his father to the station ; but no sooner had the father started than the son put on his plain clothes, ran down to the Croydon station, and again proceeded to London in the same train as his father, who never knew how he had been deceived by his son. Thus does a bad system foster the spirit of meanness and duplicity. Happily the system then in force was not long suffer- ed to flourish, and a better tone was soon restored to the College. In the early days of Sir Ephraim's tenure of office a poem was written, entitled — "Addiscombe: A Tale of our Times." It was written by J. H. Burke, afterwards of the Bombay Engineers, and was printed by W. Annan for the author in October, 1834. As it gives an account of the life there some 60 years ago, we cannot do ill in inserting some of it here. 112 ADDISCOMBE 1. Hark! through the drowsy dulness of the ni^ht, (For surely six o'clock one can't call morn,) What rouses me from sleep in dread affrit^ht? Alas! the sound of that accursed horn. Hang me! if I'm not in a precious plight; One glove I've lost, and io! my caj) is torn; These are the thoughts that crowd ujion my l)rain, When turning round I drop to sleep again. Again I wake more hurried than before, And find that everybody else is dressed, My things all scattered round mc on the floor, A state of feeling scarce to be expressed. Unbrushed, unwashed, I hurry towards the door, Scarce half awakened from a short night's rest, When lo! the bugle sounds and forms parade — Fancy the pretty figure that I made. My trousers happened to be rather short; My shoe-strings were as usual left untied. From head to foot one jjerfect mass of tlirt, This turned me wrathful, so I cursed and sighed: Also peeped out a corner of my shirt. Which I pushed back— the officer this descried, And shouted; "Sir, stand steady in the ranks, "Or extra drill shall cure you of your pranks." Then came the dread inspection — how my heart Leaped in its fleshy casemate; there I stood And seemed as if my soul was torn ajjart. And fled these troubled realms of fiesh and l)lood. My giddy head whirls round, my eyeballs dart; "This does not," thought I, "augur me much good. When next extended on the grountl I lay — Rather a nice commencement of a day. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 5. In fact I fainted, or else made a feint To do so; pray now, is not this pathetic? Scarcely can pen my dire position paint; The fall had acted as a strong emetic. It would have bothered e'en the holiest saint, Or the most patient Job, or stern ascetic. To bear my piteously sad situation; But I had left at least one consolation; For by this lucky yet provoking fall I had escaped that climax of all ill, Which e'en the boldest will at times appal; I mean that direful curse of extra drill. Not that I fear it quite so much as all That I have said may seem to sanction; still There was a something in it most perplexing, 'Twas always troublesome, and often vexing. 7. Of course I soon recovered, as was right. And missing prayers returned into the study, Doubtless in rather an unseemly plight; Besides my intellects were rather muddy; (In truth they never were a jot too bright, Inclined much rather to be dull than ruddy;) So putting on a face of much vexation. Commenced I straight to study application. Next came the breakfast, and slipt down the tea. Likewise the shares of butter were all eaten; This last was scarce above nonentity. Though bread was very plentiful, yclept wheaten. But rather stale, as is this news from me. Yet though one may in poesy be beaten, Still let this stand ; should one approving smile Light on your features, 'twas well worth my while. I I 114 ADDISCOMBE 9. And after l)rcakfast, hark! the oft-heard sound Of that detested bugle in mine ear Scarce gives me time to turn or look arountl ; When lo! behold in dread array appear The sergeants drilling on that well-known ground; Each hapless wight expressing half a fear Lest his name should be mentioned in the report, And wishing Natty hearty bad luck for't. 10. "Not quite so fast," the steady sergeant cries, "Step out a little firmer, Mr. B. "Keep your mouth shut, sir, don't stand catching Hies; "You won't be steady then to-day I see." "I'm sure I'm steady, 'Natty',* who denies?" "I say, sir, in the ranks don't answer me." "Yes, but I will, jiray does that please or grieve you?' " Well, sir, I must report ; now mind, I don't deceive you." 11. Full soon you see the stately officer stalk Up to where you are drilling; then behold The sergeant as he goes in measured walk, Big with the thoughts of babbling, slip unrolled, With many names marked down ; the oft-heard talk Springs from the captain's lips, "you, Mr. Bold, " Have been behaving so extremely ill, " You really must attend now two days' drill. 12. And then the officer puts in his jaw (Stiff as a poker, or a pound of starch) Laying manoeuvres down as clear as law, Betimes quite grave ; yet often smiling arch Whenever he discerns the slightest Haw In stern attention or in double march; At all times showing off superfluous knowledge — I only wish he'd been like us to college. * A sergeant. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 115 13. "Turn out your toes a little — not quite straight "You stand as yet— draw back your shoulders — bend "The chest well — that's it^ — ah! sir, you were late, "I cannot pass it by — you must attend " The drill this evening — small things turn to great — "I'm fearful you will ne'er your manners mend. " Steady— heads up there — really this is very " Unsoldierlike and most unmilitary." 14. The bugle sounds again; the drill is o'er; One instant now at least for respiration; But no ! 'tis even worse than 'twas before : Business proceeds without the least cessation. Was ever known so terrible a bore, Or minds dumfoundered with such botheration, As when five minutes past, the bell's harsh call Summons us sternly to the study hall. 15. Oh! thou eternal, everlasting 'swat'! How I detest thee there is nought can tell ; However, since it is my piteous lot With thee, alas! for two long years to dwell; Enduring pangs that ne'er can be forgot, 'Twere better may be to take matters well; And since one must withstand this visitation. To act like others in the same situation. 16. To fudge et caetera; though I scarce can rise — Curse him who first invented mathematics — (Not that I do not science greatly prize) Yet I abhor those simples and quadratics; To me they are all unknown quantities; For I'm not one of those who feel ecstatics In stuff like that : but own no greater bore, And only hate it each day, more and more. ii6 ADDISCOMBE 17. In algebra I got on pretty middling, Having good judges— stuck at no equation, Managed geometry with some slight fiddling; (Had studied deuced hard in the vacation) Was much addicted to that crime yclept idling; So proved no clipper at the application, "Which ne'er applied to mc nor I to it"— he (That's B— ss— t) said and thought 'twas wondrous witty. 18. I don't like Parlour* too much after dinner, And find it very hard to double Cape; And though (by chance of course) a mere beginner Can oft with mathematics ape ; Who gets round A— deserves to be a winner, Or circumvents strict B— in any shape ; For the fourth class is a most trying crucible When bright ones fractionlike oft prove reducible. 19. A truce to this, however, let me raise Mine humble reed, and all untutored sing, * Yielding to such as these, deserved praise Now that the hours of youth are on the wing. Let this production of mine earlier days Behind me leave no venom — plant no sting In any mind — 'tis but a harmless frolic Nor meant to give blue symptoms diabolic. 20. It just suits me, perhaps it pleases you; But one can scarce speak for another's mind. The more especially as here, but few Like to myself in most things can I find, But yet you'll scarce deny the matter's true; Still all may take it just as they're inclined; 'Tis hardly modest, thus to chaunt one's praises, Although I feel it oft my spirit raises. ♦ Professors Parlour, Cape, Anderson and Bordwine. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 117 21. Eleven strikes — no doubt a joyful sound To many others, but not so to me; Scarce had I stept out on the open ground Than the sage doctor wished the youth to see; And after openmg with the usual round Of "what's the matter?" and "pray how feel ye?" Ordered a most unusual strong black dose, Sir, Which was "sans doute," a most confounded poser. 22. And next for Fortifac; though somewhat better, Still not o'er-relished by a youth like me ; Of theory I never knew one letter. And wonder what the deuce can others see ; Though Straith's * new book has made us all his debtor, And all things there are plain as A and B ; Yet Hector still should know this science well, Since Troy stood full ten years before it fell. 23. This is great stuff, but must not be abused, 'Twill show the sense off at another time ; And prithee, reader, I must be excused, If sometimes in this all-surpassing rhyme, A line or two of nonsense be infused; 'Tis but a ^'lapsus pen/ue" not a crime: The very best have erred the selfsame way, So criticise me not too sharp, I pray. 24. Well, then for Fortifac — my comprehension Ne'er proved in salient angles too acute ; My young ideas needed much extension To comprehend why Vauban (hang the brute!) Invented stuff beyond what I can mention Merely that we might one another shoot With greater safety from behind a wall — I wish the fellow had never lived at all. Major Hector Straith. ii8 ADDISCOMBE And so do several others besides me — A foolish wish— hut recollect when youn J B.E. June, 1849, B.E. Dec, , 5 B.E. June, 1850, B.E. Dec, > > B.E. June, I85I, B.E. Dec, 1 , B.E. June, 1852, B.E. Dec, ) ) B.E. June, 1853, B.E. Dec, 1 , BoE. June, 1854, B.E. Dec, > 1 H.E.I.C.E June., 1855, B.E. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 185 John Eckford, Dec, 1855, B.E. John M. McNeile, June, 1856, B.E. John Herschell, Dec, ? ) B.E. Keith A. Jopp, June, 1857, BoE. Lewis Conway Gordon, Dec, ! 5 B.E. William Maxwell Campbell, June, 1858, BoE. William H. Pierson, Dec, 5 5 B.E. A. W. Elliot, June, 1859, not appointed, W. Shepherd, Dec, » ) B.E. A. J. C. Cunninghame, June, i860, B.E. Kellen C. Pye, Dec, » ! B.E. W. J. Williamson, June, 1861, B. Infy. Since 1861 it has been presented 70 times at Woolwich. The presentation of the Pollock Medal is most amusingly described in ''In the Company's Service". " The chief prizes were indeed the same, year by year — the sword of honour to the best conducted, and the Pollock Medal to the most distinguished cadet of the senior term. " ' Gentleman Cadet Lane,' said the Chairman, holding out the case containing the Medal, and addressing the head cadet who stood blushing before him, "the inhabitants of Calcutta in remembrance of the noble—" But no sooner did Gentleman Cadet Lane get his hold upon the prize, than he gave evidence by a violent tugging, that his desire to retire with his reward was in no way affected by any curiosity to learn the motive of the inhabitants of Calcutta in bestowing it. Had not the Chairman, forewarned by past experience, kept a tight grip upon the Medal case, it would have slipped from his grasp and the customary address would have lost its point. As it was, the contention was so sharp between them, as to stop the cur- 1 86 ADDISCOMHE rent of the Chairman's words, and lie had to ^et a new ' pur- chase ' before he was able to proceed witli the descriptic^n ot the heroism and success of General Pollock ". POLLOCK ^rEDALLLSTS AT WOOLWICH. Clayton S. Beauchamp, Thos. Fraser, Valentine F. Rowe, Herbert P. Knocker, Francis Mascall, Henry R. G. Georges, William G. Nicholson, Sydney L. Jacob, Charles INI. Watson John E. Broadbent, Harry M. Chambers, Felicien R. de Wolski, Francis J. Day, George Sydenham Clarke, Henry H. L. Cunninghame, Henry J. Harman, Richard de Villamil, Herbert C. Chermside, Philip Cardew, Henry G. Kunhardt, Henry E. McCallum, John C. Addison, William C. Godsal, Henry D. Love, John C. Campbell, Matthew H. P. R. Sankey, Dec, 1 86 1, June, 1862, Dec, ., June, 1863, Dec, „ June, 1864, Dec, „ June, 1865, Dec, June, 1866, Dec, ,, June, 1867, Dec, ,, June, 1868, Dec, „ June, 1869, Dec, „ June, 1870, Dec, ,, July, 1871, Feb., 1872, June, ,, Oct., „ Feb. 1873, June, ., Oct., „ R. E. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 187 Charles J. Hadden, Feb., 1874, R. A Hugh M. Sinclair, July, R. E Maurice A. Cameron, Feb., 1875, H. J. Folster, July, ,, V. H. P. CaiUard, Feb., 1876, J. H. Cowan, July, ,, W. H. Turton, Feb., 1877, A. P. Codd, July. ,, H. D. Laffan, Dec, ), E. Agar, April, 1878, A. M. Mantell, July, ,, S. Davidson, Dec, ,, J. Winn, April, 1879, J. Dallas, July, ,, E. H. Hemming, Feb., 1880, M. Nathan, May, ,, W. F. H. S. Kincaid, July, ,, R. E C. Hill, Feb., 1881, J. E. Edmonds, July, . , J. R. L. Macdonald, Feb., 1882, R. J. H. Mackenzie, July, ,, G. A. S. Stone, Feb., 1883, W. G. Lawrie, July, ,, J. H. L. E. Johnstone, Feb., 1884, C. F. Close, July., ,, E. A. Edgell, Dec, ,, H. B. Williams, Apr., 1885, G. P. Lenox-Conyngham, Sep., ,, H. M. St. A. Wade, Feb., 1886, C. H. Versturme, July, ,, T. E. Naish, Feb., 1887, i88 ADDISCOMBH R. F. (i. Bond, K. G. Godfrey-Faussett, \V. J\I. Coldstream, B. H. Rooke, J. M. E. Colvin, J. F. \\ . Johnson. E. H. M. Leggctt, S. G. Faber, R. Polwhele, A. H. W. Grul)b, C. E. Vickers, W. C. Symon, E. T. Rich, July, 1887, Feb., 1888, July, „ Feb., 1889, July, „ Feb., 1890, R. E. July, Feb., 1891, July, „ Feb., 1892, July, Feb., 1893, R. A. July, „ R. E. From 1834 to 1850, while Sir E. Stannus was Lieut. -Gover- nor, 20 officers held the post of orderly officer. Lt. \V. Hill, Jan., 1835, afterwards K. C. B „ R. C. Moore, M. Art., July, M afterwards C. B. ,, George Broadfoot, M. N. I., June, 1836, do. do. ,, Thos. Tapp, Bo. N. I., May, 1837- Ens. Robt. Hay, B. N. 1., May, ,> Lt. Beavan, July, 1838. „ Alex. Tod, M.N. I., Nov., ,) „ J. D. Scott, M. A., ,, 1839. „ J. M. Rees, n 1840. Bt. Capt. H. T. Tucker, ), I84I. Lt. Gunthorpe, M. A., ,, 1842. Bt. Capt. H. G. Napolett, M. N. I. Feb., 1843- Lt. G. A. F. Hervey, B. N. 1., July, ,, „ R. Kinkead, M. A., >, 1845. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 189 Lt. J. P. Nixon, Bo. N. I., July, 1845. „ F. J. Golsmid, M.N.I, Aug., 1846, now Sir F. J. Gold- smid, C. B., K. C. S. 1. „ C. Taylor, M. N. I, Feb., 1847. „ W. C. Brakenbury, M. N. I., Mar., „ ,, E. J. Ferrers, M. Cav., Sep., 1848. ,, Meredith Vibart, B. A., July, 1849. CHAPTER V. It was on the 21st October, 1850, that Sir Ephraim Stannus suddenly died. Major Ritherdon, Staff Officer, carried on the duties of Lieut. -Governor durini^ the remainder of that term and during part of the vacation, for Sir Frederick Abbott was not appointed till 8th January, 185 i. Frederick Abbott was the 2nd son of Henry Alexius Abbott, of Blackheath, a retired Calcutta merchant, and of Margaret Welsh, grand-daughter of Capt. Gascoigne, a descendant of the celebrated judge who imprisoned Prince Hal. He was born June 13th, 1805, at Little- court near Huntingford, Hertfordshire, and was one of five brothers, all of whom distinguished themselves in the service of their country. As a boy he was bold, strong and active. He was educated at Warfield, Berks ; and afterwards went to Addiscombe. He left Addiscombe in the summer of 1824 with a commission in the Engineers. Whilst there, he distinguished himself in a row with the Croydon roughs, who used to waylay and ill-treat any cadet who ventured alone into the town. A cadet named Byam (after- wards in the Madras Artillery) fell unfortunately into the clutches of the mob, who treated him shamefully. A gallant fellow ADDISCOMBE 191 named George Francis Smith (afterwards in the Madras Engineers), with Abbott and a dozen others, having got the news, soon reached the scene of action, but being greatly outnumbered, had to fall back facing the foe and fighting bravely. MacGil- MAJOR-GENL. SIR FREDk., LADY & IMISS ABBOTT, livray (afterwards in the Bombay Engineers) was hurrying up to support the others, when he met at the gate Mr. Bordwine, Professor of Fortification, who ordered him back. MacGillivray, who had just passed for the Engineers, declined to obey on i92 A DDLS COMBE the score of honour, whereupon the Professor pointed out that his commission must be the forfeit. Without hesitation he took off his epaulette, and giving it to Mr. Bordwihe, hurried to the scene of conflict, where his arrival with others enabled his side to rescue Byam and retire with honour. MacGillivray's epaulette w^as restored, and all ended well. From Addiscombc Abbott went to Chatham and worked under Colonel Pasley. When he reached India the ist Burmese war broke out, and he was employed as Asst. Field Engineer under Capt. (afterwards Sir John) Cheape. One day he led a storming party in assaults on 3 stockades, on this occasion he performed a feat of valour which in these days would have earned him the distinction of the Victoria Cross. On the third occasion when he had climbed to the top of the parapet, the ladder broke, and he and one gre- nadier were left exposed to the enemy's fire. He noticed that a strong bamboo had inadvertently been left resting on the toj) of the parapet, sloping down across the wet ditch to the interior. Passing his left arm over this, with his sword in his right hand, he began to slide prosperously, w^hen the grenadier trying to leap the ditch, collided with him and both fell into the water. Abbott scrambled out and assisted the grenadier, who was encumbered with arms and ammunition, whilst the garrison seemed petrified by their audacity. Once on terra firvia the grenadier charged the defenders, two of whom seized his musket, from which a third unfixed the bayonet, whilst a fourth charged with a spear. Abbott cut this man down and had passed his sword through the body of another, when a fresh ladder having been placed, the storming party entered the stockade, and the gar- rison fled. On another occasion he captured a beautiful white pony belonging to ]\Iaha Bundoola, the Commander-in-Chief of ITS HKROES AND .M !•: N OF NOT]-: 193 the Burmese. His services in Ava are thus referred to in Sir Alex. Campbell's despatch on the action of 2nd December, 1825. "Lieuts. Underwood (Comd. Engineer) and Abbott, of the Bengal Engineers, who had closely reconnoitred the enemy's position, both volunteered to lead the columns, anel were, I am sorry to say, both slightly wounded on that service." After his return from Burma he was employed in Public Works, for in 1828 we find him at Nimach, where he had relieved Capt. George Thomson. In 1832 he was promoted to a captaincy, and in 1835 he married Frances, youngest daughter of Lt.-Col. Cox, R.A., and widow of Lt.-Col. H. De Burgh, Bengal Cavalry, hi the begin- ning of 1838 he went to England on leave, and returned to India in 1840. He was shipwrecked at the Mauritius on the voyage out. In 1841 he was appointed Superintending Engineer of the North West Provinces. As such he was virtually the responsible head of the canals, military works and ordinary Public Works of the Province, which then included what is now part of the Punjab. By this time we were again at war. To save the garrison at Jellalabad an army under Sir George Pol- lock was formed, and Abbott was selected to be its Chief Engineer. As his brother, Augustus xAbbott, was at Jellalabad, this appointment must have been peculiarly grateful to him, They advanced to Jellalabad, whence after a prolonged halt, the combined troops marched to Kabul, and after forcing the Khyber Pass and several severe actions, finally occupied it. After the murder of Sir W'illiam ]MacNaghten, our envoy, by Akbar Khan, his body had been exposed to the contempt and indignities of a fanatical mob in the celebrated covered bazaar of the city, and it was resolved, as a retributory measure, to utterly destroy the bazaar, and the lieautiful mosque at one 13 194 ADDISCOMBE end of it. This duty devolved on Abbott, and the task was to him most distasteful. Every person of feeling must sympathize with him, for the destruction of beautiful and useful works of art is an act of barbarism. The demolition in no way affected Akbar Khan and his associates, but merch injured future gene- rations. The destruction was effected by barrels of gunpowder, and his assistants in the demolition were Capt. J. W. Robertson and Lt. J. R. Becher of the Engineers, and Lts. Orr and Cun- ningham of Broadfoot's sappers. For his services in Afghanis- tan he received his Brevet of Major. On his return to India he resumed his duties as Superin- tending Engineer, and continued in this department till istjan., 1846, when he was attached to the Engineer department of the army of the Sutlej. When Al)l)ott was appointed, our army was in position near Sobraon, where the Sikhs were en- trenched in force and had a bridge of boats across the Sutlej. The Governor-General, Sir Henry Hardinge, was at Firozpore, 20 miles distant, and Abbott was chiefly employed under his orders. He was placed in charge of the Military Bridge Esta- blishment, and was on important occasions the bearer of mes- sages from the Governor-General to the Commander-in-Chief. He carried despatches on the 7th February, and next day Sir Hugh Gough called a council of war and laid before it the Governor-General's proposals. The Artillery representatives accepted them, and Gough in great delight proposed to attack the Sikhs next morning, but deferred operations till the lOth, because ammunition was not ready. The decisive battle was fought in the early morning of the loth, and by 1 1 a.m. we had lost 2,383 killed and wounded ; whilst the Sikhs, at the lowest estimate, lost 8,000, and, at the highest, double that mmiber. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 195 This victory laid the Punjab at our feet. After the battle Abbott bridged the Sutlej, and got great credit for the rapidity with which he effected it ; his services are thus mentioned in despatches : " I have to acknowledge the services .... of the followin^J officers, and to recommend them to your Excellency's special favour — viz., ^lajor F. Abbott who laid the bridge by which the army crossed into the Punjab, and who was present at Sobraon and did excellent service." (Despatch of Commander-in-Chief of 13th Feb., 1846). "On the following day the bridge of boats was nearly completed by that able and indefatigable officer, Major Abbott, of the Engineers." He got the medal for Sobraon, and was made Bt.-Lt. -Colonel and C. B. in June, 1846. He retired from the service on 1st October, 1847. ^vhen he was only 42. James Thomason, Lieut. -Governor of the North West Pro- vinces, thus wrote to him: "The Lieut. -Governor is desirous of seizing this opportunity .... of offering to you his acknow- ledgments for the valuable aid you have afforded to the local administration on all questions involving scientific knowledge during the period you have filled the post of Superintending Engineer of the North West Provinces .... Your reports on Public Works, whilst you continued in charge, bore evidence to the care and ability with which you discharged your duties, and they continue to be now the text books by which subse- quent operations have been regulated .... The Lieut. -Governor feels it to be his duty thus to place on record the sense which he entertains of the liberality and public spirit which you have evinced in promoting the good of the people, and the best interest of the Government in those branches of the public administration connected with your profession which fall under his cognizance." Lord Hardinge wrote. " I cannot, however, allow you to retire 196 ADDISCOMBK iroin India without expressing my sense of the loss which the East India Comi)an)''s Service will sustain by your retirement .... In peace your conduct was regulated by the most anxious spirit of carefulness and integrity in the expenditure of the public money and in the efficiency of the public works ; and when the war broke out and you hastened to join the arm\-, I knew I could not confide to any officer better than to your- self the important operation of making the arrangements for the passage of the Sutlcj, one of the most difficult rivers in the world, over which it was absolutely necessary that we should have the means of entering the Punjab .... At this moment that you are about to retire for ever from that branch of the Indian army, of whose professional acquirements I entertain the highest opinion, it is gratifying to me to bear my testimony to your di.stinguished services and to express my professional respect and personal regard for an officer who has in peace and in war so ably contributed to uphold the reputation and the glory of the Indian arm}." Three years after his retirement he was appointed T^ieut.- Governor of Addiscombe. In 1854 he received the honour of knighthood; was made Hon. Major-General in 1858, and held the Addiscombe appointment till the College was closed in June, 1 86 1. Sir Frederick was appointed a member of the Royal Commission on the defences of the United Kingdom in 1859, and in 1866 was made a member of the committee to enquire into the organization of the Royal Engineer establishment at Chatham. He was also member of the Council for Military Education, but resigned in 1868. He attended the examination of H. R. H. Prince Arthur (now the Duke of Connaught), the subjects being Fortification, Artillery, and Surveying. H. R. H. was reported to have devoted great attention to the instruction ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 197 of the talented and zealous professors of the Royal Military Academy, and to have proved himself to be well qualified for a commission in either of the scientific corps of Her Majesty's service. Sir Frederick took much interest in microscopical ob- servations and in studying the polarization of light. Lady Abbott and his daughter (Mrs. St. George Tucker) predeceased him, as did also his grandson, an artillery officer, whose sad death in hidia, from the bite of a mad dog, was greatly regretted. On February 7th, 1890, Sir Frederick Abbott had a stroke oi paralysis, followed by a second on April 15th of the same year. He recovered partially and passed the remainder of his days quietly at Bournemouth, where he died without great suf- fering. His long life was well spent and his career was as hon- ourable to himself and his family as it was useful to his country. He died on 4th November, 1892, in his 88th year. His character was in many respects different to that ot Sir Ephraim Stannus, and although he conferred great benefits on Addiscombe he never succeeded thoroughly in securing the confidence of the cadets. He had courteous manners and was polite to the cadets — but they had been accustomed to the roughness of speech of Sir Ephraim Stannus, which always to some extent discounted punishment, and they were disposed to distrust his courtesy and to believe that it covered sinister designs. In this I have no doubt they were in error, although I think that he himself was partially to blame for this. He had the greatest anxiety to benefit the College and the cadets, and particularly wished to show his trust in the cadets, but he could not readily bring himself really to trust them, and he acted at times in such a way as to cause them to think him insincere. He did not sympathize with the peccadilloes of the cadets, and did not 198 ADD ISC OM BE sufficientK' remember the days of his youtli, or had not, perhaps, been afflicted with its weaknesses. In spite of this drawback, he, without a doubt, endeavoured his utmost to improve the condition of the College and the cadets. His greatest service to the place was his abolition of the system of espionage to which the cadets had been subjected in the time of his prede- cessor, and for that alone he deserved the respect of the cadets. In his time, also, was abolished the objectionable system of making the "Greens" wear coats which had j)reviously been worn on Sundays by the "old cadets" who had just left the Col- lege. Further, he encouraged athletic sports, and 6 months after his arrival he caused the gymnasium to be erected, which proved a great encouragement to athletic exercises. The following incident will, 1 think, show how he was unsuc- cessful in gaining the confidence of the cadets. A cadet, H., had obtained an invitation to visit a brother cadet's, J's., house in the country, but during the week the latter had been placed on drill and so was unable to go home. It was not possible under these circumstances for H. to go without J. to J's people, and so he resolved to go to his own home. For some reason he did not leave Addiscombe till Sunday, and was seen by Abbott when on his way to church. The cadet went home, and duly returned on Mondav' morning, when he was told by his friend that he had heard from his father that Sir Frederick had telegraphed to him to ascertain if H. had been to his house. Of course, the reply was in the negative. Shortly after his return H. was sent for by Abbott, and after preliminary civilities, Abbott said to the cadet, "Did you go to -'s house on Sunday.'^" Now this information was already known to Sir Frederick, and his only object in asking the question was to ascertain if the cadet answered him truthfully, and he had no ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 199 right to place this temptation in the way of the cadet. It had the appearance of laying a trap for the cadet, and was not calculated to encourage a feeling of confidence in the sincerity of Sir Frederick. It was the habit of Sir Ephraim Stannus to attend Divine Service in Croydon, and he was seldom accustomed to wear uniform unless actually obliged to. Abbott, on the other hand, thought it proper to put himself "en evidence," so he invaria- bly attended St. James' Church, and was rarely seen out of uniform. He in fact identified himself with the College more than his predecessor had done. This was no doubt a very proper thing to do, but on one occasion it led to an unplea- sant incident. The Crystal Palace had lately been opened, and the band under Mr. Mann (who wore uniform) was a great attraction at that place of recreation. Sir Frederick Abbott was there, as usual in the undress uniform of a colonel ; and one of the audience seeing him strolling about near the band, thinking he was the conductor of the band, enquired of him what the next piece of music was to be. Sir Frederick was never again seen in uniform at the Crystal Palace. Sir Frederick occasionally invited a few^ of the cadets to an evening party, but these were not looked forward to with de- light, as the entertainment was of a serious nature. No doubt he and Lady Abbott endeavoured as far as in them lay to place their guests at their ease, but they were never sufficiently genial to interest young men. Sir Frederick rarely seemed to be able to get rid of the idea that he was his guests' guar- dian and preceptor, and Lady Abbott, although a good woman and anxious to assist her husband, had no aptitude for the task of provoking cordiality. The consequence was that the cadets. 2CX) A 1)1) IS COM Hi: as a niU', were ijihul wlu-n the time came to retire to barracks. The following letter ' from Jonathan Cape will show how courteous, kind and considerate Abl)ott was to the staff under his orders, and that he took a livi-ly interest in their welfare at the close of the College. " All the professors assembled at my house on Friday after the parade, together with Dr. Frank- land. Mr. Schetky, and 3 or 4 other gentlemen ; and after the collation 1 read to them \'our connnunication of thc> 6th inst. 16th June, 1861). They wen' all exceedingly obliged to you for the kind feelings which were expressed in this letter, and they have requested me to state in reply, how very much they have been indebted to you, not merely for the kind and courteous manner in which you have behaved to them at cill times on duty, but especially for your attention to their comfort in the professors' room, and the deep interest you have taken in their welfare on the dissolution of Addiscombe. Allow me on my part to repeat again, what I said to Lady Abbott, that 1 shall ever remember with feelings of gratitude the many kindnesses which 1 have received on all occasions both from Lady Abbott and yourself." During the first term after Abbott's appointment Major Rithcrdon remained as staff-officer, but he then sent in a medical certificate and retired. For about 3 months after this the post was vacant, and the duties pertaining to it were alter- nately performed by the orderly officers, Captains Dyett and Pond, who received 5-$- a day for the extra work which it en- tailed. It was on 19th November, 185 1, that Major Donnelly was appointed staff-officer of Addiscombe. He became a great favourite with the cadets. He had a great weakness for the high "bad boys" so long as they were straightforward, and he detested anything like espionage. ITS HEROES AND MTLN OE NOTE 20I Thomas DonnclK' was third son of John 13onnelly, Esq., of Blackwater Town, Co. Armagh. He was born in 1801, and entered the Ro\al ^liUtary Academy at Woolwich as a cadet in COL. DONNELLY. 18 18, but in consequence of a supposed constitutional delicacy he went to India, where he was posted ensign to the 9th Bombay N. Infy. on 28th Feb., 1819. Promoted to a lieutenancy in 1820, and next year transferred to the ist or Grenadier Regt., he obtained his captaincy in July, 1830. 202 ADDISCOMBK lie served in Arabia as a volunteer, where he was wounded in the le^f ; after that he was employed, and did ^ood service, among the Bheels. While there he was successful in caj)turing a Bheel chief — one Kurr\a Bheel — leaving the bazaar concealed under a load of grass. Kurrya Bheel on his capture presented his sword to Donnelly and this sword his son, Alajor-General Sir J. Donnelly, has now in his possession. After this he served on the staff of General F. Ballantine, Resident at the Court of the Guicowar at Baroda. He then came to England on leave, and married, in 1833, Jane Christiana Ballantine, second daughter of J. Ballantine Dykes, Esq., of Dovenby Hall, Cumberland. Return- ing to hidia in 1834 with Sir John Keane, the Commander-in-Chief of the Bombay army, the remainder of his service there was on the staff. In 1839 ^^ "^^'^^ D. A. A. G. of the southern division, then D. A. A. G. and A. A. G. of the reserve force in Scinde. Proceeding to Upper Scinde in 1840, he was thence invalided first to China, and then to the Cape of Good Hope. In 1843 he became A. A. G. of the Poona division, and next year of the southern division. In 1846 he was engaged in the southern jMahratta war, and at the capture by storm of the fortress of Punalla. General De La Motte in his account of that affair says : " I followed the track of the storming party, and entered the breach with the reserve accompanied by the Asst. Adjt. -General, Capt. Donnelly." In that year he obtained his majority, but in 1849, when he was Depy. Adjt. -General of the Bombay army, his health broke down and he was obliged to leave India ; and 2 years after was appointed to Addiscombe. In 1855 he was given brevet of Lt. -Colonel, and in 1856 the title of his post was altered from staff-captain to that of staff-officer at the military College, and he retained this post till the abolition of the College in 1861. He died 3rd July, 1881, at the age of 80, and ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 203 his widow in December, 1886, leaving an only child now Sir J. F. D. Donnelly, C. B., Science and Art Department, and Director for Science, South Kensington. An amusing characteristic of Colonel Donnelly is told by a distinguished officer who was once orderly officer at Addiscombe. " If I told him I thought the cadets were behaving well he quite agreed ; but if I said the contrary he was equally agreeable. Thus if on meeting him at orderly-room, I said, " Well, Major, I think the cadets are going on all right," he would reply, "Yes; it is extraordinary what a nice set of well-behaved young gentlemen they all are!" But if, on the contrary, I complained of their conduct, his rejoinder invariably was "Upon my word, the more I see of these youngsters the less I like them — Aye I — and the only way to treat them is to put their noses to the grinding stone! Aye! and keep them there!" Again, if a cadet was brought before the Major — the latter after patiently listening to the cadet's explanation of his conduct would invariably reply " Very well, Mr. — , I will tell the Lieut.-Governor what you say and see what he says on the subject," with a very marked emphasis on the "he." Smoking was strictly prohibited, and although it is possible that Col. Donnelly did not himself see any harm in the practice, he had a great idea of orders being strictly attended to. On one occasion when a cadet was reported to him for smoking, the cadet began to argue the matter, contending that there was no harm in smoking. "That may be," said the Colonel, "but that has nothing to do with the matter in hand ; you are punished, in fact, not for smoking, but for disobeying the order that you should not smoke." A cadet one day had leave to go somewhere in the neigh- bourhood, and was ol)liged to wait some time at the East 204 AUDISCOMHl-: Croydon station for a train, which time he thou^^ht niis^lit be passed pleasantly in conii)any with tobacco. Outside the rail- way station, it will be romem'nered by old cadets, the brid^^^e over the railway is very much arched, beinj^ much hij^dier in the centre than at the sides — so much so that a person starting from one end cannot see another starting from the other end. The cadet was enjoying his pipe and sauntering up the bridge to get a finer view, when the majestic form of Col. Donnelly loomed up from the other side. There was no time to remove the pipe from view, and the cadet was caught in "flagrante delicto." "Return to barracks, sir ! and report yourself under arrest," .said the Colonel, and the result was lO days' con- finement to barracks. Occasionally it would seem that cadets were punished for smoking when the evidence against them was circumstantial. " Each cadet's ' kennel ' was sacred to his own use, and he was held responsible for any damage or defacement done to it. Oa one occasion a caricature likeness of the tenant of the ' kennel ' with a pipe in his mouth was drawn on the wall of his den by another cadet ; this was a double offence, for cadets were not supposed to smoke, and here was an unmistakable likeness of one openly smoking in barracks in defiances of the authorities. Nothing could persuade the orderly officer that it was not taken from life, and the unfortunate cadet had to purge his offence with 3 days' extra drill. The cadet who drew the caricature was a born artist. Everyone in the College, from the Lt.- Governor down to the Sergeant-Major, was drawn by him in a more or less comic position, and in every case the likenesses were at once recognized by all who knew them. He had also the gift of illustrating any book he read, and the illustrations he made in the margin of his copy of the Bagh-o-Bahar were ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 205 especially ^food. It seemed incredible that any one who had never been in India (except as a child) could have drawn such vivid sketches of Indian life and character." Another tale about smokins^ will show that it was considered that whatever happened, a cadet caught smoking must be punished by the imposition of extra drill. " While the cadets were at mortar practice a shell fell into the meadow, and the fuse for some reason had not ignited the powder. A cadet stooped down to light his cigar at the smouldering fuse, when the small quantity of powder exploded, singed the cadet and so injured him that he had to be sent to hospital for a few days. When he came out of hospital he was put on several days' extra drill for smoking I One would have thought that the pain and trouble he had brought on himself by his folly would have been considered a sufficient punishment. The establishment of the College at the time of Sir Frede- rick Abbott's advent to the College consisted of the following : Public Examiner, Sir Charles Pasley. do. Hindustani, Professor Horace H. Wilson. Professors — Mathematics : Rev. Jonathan Cape, ,, Alfred Wrigley, ,, W. H. Johnstone, ,, Robt. Inchbald, Arthur Dusautoy, Esq. Professors — Fortification : Lt. Cook, R. N., Major W. Jacob, R. A. Professors — Civil Drawing : T. H. Fielding, Esq. 2o6 ADDIS COMBE J. C. Schetky, Esq. Professor — Military Dra\vint,f : Capt. \V. A. Tate. Professor — Military Surveying : Major Jackson. Professors- Hindustani : Richard Haughton, Esq. Charles Bowles, Esq. Professor — French : Mons. Leon Contansean. Staff Captain— Major Ritherdon. Doctor— Westall. LecturcM' in Geology: D. T. Anstcd, Esq. do. in Chemistry, Professor Solly. Instructor in fencing, &c. : Mr. 11. Angelo, Junr. Steward & Purveyor : Mr- R. J. Leeds. Scrgeant-Major — David Bruce. Between this time and the close of the College in i86i, there were numerous changes in the staff. Arthur Dusautoy was appointed junior professor of mathe- matics on 2nd February, 1848, in succession to Tryon. He was 4th wrangler in 1847, being bracketed with Barry, afterwards Bishop of New South Wales. His talents were of a high order, but he was of a nervous disposition, and although an excellent teacher, he was not a good manager of unrul\- cadets, and was occasionally a good deal troubled by them. In these little pranks the object of the cadets was not 2o8 AniHSCO-MBK so much to annoy the Professor as to create fun. One simple method was to spell his name out loud without the iiossibility of conviction of the offence before the Lieut. -Governor. Thus one cadet would call out "D", whereupon some other at the further end of the room would say "U"',and .so on throughout the whole of the name, by which time the Professor would be i^oaded into making' some remarks on the subject which would put a stop to it on that occasion. Another plan was to bring in a live sparrow and have a scrimmage amongst the movable furniture of high heavy desks and stools, to catch it, thus creat- ing confusion and fun for some little time— but in .spite of the little annoyances, Dusautoy was liked by the cadets, and only suffered these interruptions because he was too shy and kindly-natured to put a stop to them by harsh means. In July, 1857, it was resolved to form a 6th class, and the Rev. lohn Whitt was appointed. He was also a high wrangler, but quite unfit for his i)ost. He was dreadfully worried by the cadets, whom he was altogether unable to control or influence. Finally his class proved themselves so active within their stud- ies, that they passed most of their time outside doing extra drill, the result being that he soon resigned, and took to pri- vate teaching, settling in London. He in his turn was succeed- ed by the Rev. George Roberts who was 7th wrangler in 1853, and remained at the College till its close in 186 1. He now has the living of Fulmodeston in Norfolk. Major W. Jacob, R.A., on the retirement of Major Straith, was appointed assistant professor of fortification on 2nd Jan- uary, 1846. He was a very excellent man, and endeavoured to do good amongst the cadets in the same way that Straith had done. He had distinguished himself very much at the siege of Mocha. He was brother of Philip Jacol), the Archdeacon of ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 209 Winchester, and cousin of John Jacob, of Jacob's Horse. He did not enjoy very good health, and several times had to be granted leave of absence. He died in 1853, and was succeeded /ra /^w. by Lt. T. E. Gahagan of the Madras Engineers, who had only left the College some 5 years before. Gahagan only remained for one term ' and his place was filled by Capt. J. T. Hyde, of the Bengal Engineers, who obtained his commis- sion the summer of 1 846. He was the younger brother of Henry Hyde, B. E., who was Mint Master in Calcutta, and afterwards held the appointment of Director of Stores at the India Office. J. T. Hyde had been obliged to resign the service, on account of delicate health, after only 6 or 7 years in the army. He remained at the College till 1859, when he resigned, took his degree and entered the Church. In 1870 he became rector of Wembworthy in Devonshire — 4 years after he went to the rectory of Wallingdon in Hertfordshire, and in 1882 was transferred to the rectory of Ruan-Lanihorn in Cornwall. He died in the early part of 1892 after only a few hours' real illness, and though he had not been quite well a short time previously, there had been nothing to cause alarm or expectation of his decease. He was succeeded at Addiscombe by Major F. Ditmas, of the Madras Engineers, in 1859, and when he retired to take up the duty of secretary to the Church Association, the post was taken for a short period, till the close of the College, by Captain W. H. Edgcome, Madras Engineers (now Major-General). At the close of the year 1850, Mr. T. H. Fielding was pen- ' It was during this term that the sleeves of the Chaplain's surplice were sewn up as related at page 147, and before the real culprits gave themselves up, it was currently reported among the cadets that Gahagan was possibly the offender, as it was a Ijelief that only a few years before he, as a cadet, was mixed up in similar pranks. 14 2IO ADDISCOIMBR sioned on /"iSO a year, after a service of 24 years, at the atje of 68, owing to his suffering from cataract. Schctky took his place, and Aaron Penley became assistant professor. The latter P O R T R .\ I T O F C A P T. H Y D E. was a bright, good-looking little man with lively spirits, but a somewhat peppery temper. His sensitive and vivacious mind rendered him very feeling in regard to his dignity, and he became very angry, when he fancied he was treated in a contemptuous manner. Thus, on one occasion a cadet seeing Penley from ITS HEROES AND I\IEN OF NOTE 211 one of the upper windows crossing the study court, had announ- ced his approach in a loud tone: "Here comes Great A Little a-r-o-n!" On hearing this Penley rushed off in a great state of ^^^^KkK^*^ ^^^^i ■ K." tL^'^ '*^ H ^^^H ■P-^^/ ^H mm ^^^^^^S^"' ^^^^^^H ^^Hh^^^^^^^^^^^H^ \ iH 1^ i H ; I^^^^H I^H^^^^^H y|^^^^^ ^^^hH ^■^^^^l^f^^ i ^SlIHi^^^^l H^i^Jj ^^^^^^^^^^1^' ^ig^^KH Pi ^^^5 ^^^^^^^^1^" ^^^B l>~jl iwngjH^ ^^^^^^^^^n^ ^^^^^^ '"'' ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^V X. H ^^M PORTRAIT OF PEN LEY. wrath and indignation to the staff-captain, and complained that a cadet had grossly insulted him. The staff-captain had great difficulty in pacifying Mr. Penley, and in dealing in a becoming manner with the cadet, who declared that he was only spelling Mr- Penley' s name and had no inten- 212 ADDISCOMBE tion to annoy him. In spite of this little failing, Penley was much liked by the cadets. He was a very good teacher and an excellent artist in water colours. While he was at the College he published a splendid work on the Art of Painting in Water Colours. He remained at the College till its close, when he was pensioned, but he died on the 15th January, 1870, at the age of 64, leaving a widow and son. A tablet w'as placed to his memory in St. James' Church, and this mentions that his widow died on 13th October, 1889, aged 85. His son is, or was, a solicitor. In April, 1855, instruction in photography was introduced, and Mr. Penley took this work into his own hands. It is to him that we are indebted for all the photographs of the College, its staff and cadets, which are extant, and his photographs have rendered it possible to illustrate this book. On Schetky's re- tirement in July, 1855, Penley became s.enior professor and Mr. John Callow was appointed to the junior vacancy. This latter never became a favourite of the cadets, for he was a jaundiced, saturnine character with no good-humour or geniality about him. He w^as an excellent artist, especially of sea pieces, and was brother to the more celebrated artist who painted so many pictures of the buildings of Venice and other old continental towns. Now we have to speak of "Bodels," Capt. W. A. Tate. On the retirement of Mr. E. B. Metcalfe on 13th June, 1849, Major Jackson's salary was increased to ^450 and ;^40 allowance for a house, and Captain Tate was appointed professor of mili- tary drawing on ^400 a year. William Ashmead Tate, son of James Tate, Esq., was born at Bombay, 3rd November, 1795; he went to Addiscombe in January, 181 1, and obtained his commission in the Engineers on 1 2th July, 181 7. He arrived in India 9th May, 181 3, and. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 213 having a great reputation as a draughtsman, was employed under the Revenue Surveyor of Bombay. In December, 181 1, he had received a prize (a case containing a pair of proportional compasses) for drawing. W^l ^1 ^^^1 ■■Bfllr ^' ^^^H ^^^^^^H I^^^B^^-^-- - ^ ^^^K ^^P""""" 1 ■H ll PORTRAIT OF c: A P T. T A T E. During the whole of his service he seems to have been em- ployed on survey work — and during some of these years he surveyed the islands of Bombay, Colaba and Salsette and sent in statistical reports. This sort of work entails considerable 214 ADDISCOMBE exposure, and in the course of time the state of his health obliged him to retire from the service. He became lieutenant on 17th Dec, 18 18, and captain 17th September, 1824; on 5th August, 1827, fourteen years after his arrival in India, he re- turned to England on furlough, and on 5th December, 1829, he was permitted to retire on "js. a day. He was also granted ;^200 for the beautiful drawings which he had presented to the Court of Directors. What he did during the 20 years which elapsed between his retirement and his appointment to Addis- combe, I have been unable to learn. He was as kind-hearted as he was clever, and was much liked and respected by the cadets. He obtained his sobriquet of "Bodcls" from his pronunciation of the word "Models," with which his work was so intimately connected. He never, as far as I know, reported any cadet to the Lieut. - Governor ; w^hen he found his class getting noisy and unman- ageable, he used to cry out, "I must leave the class!" and he then marched out, returning in a few minutes to find the class again amenable. He considered the settlement of the marks for each cadet of such supreme importance, that he would not allow any one to interrupt him while employed on this work; and on one occa- sion when a cadet wished to speak to him, just as he was car- rying a number of plans to be examined, he cried out, "Don't speak to me! I have the fate of 150 cadets under my arms." He would then proceed to an empty room, place the competing drawings on the ground, then, taking off his boots, go on all fours, so that he might carefully compare the drawings and ad- judge the marks in accordance with his observations. He was himself a marvellous draughtsman, and among his ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 215 pupils were many who had but crude ideas of painting. Often when a cadet had got half through a drawing, and the result was anything but satisfactory, it was customary to take it to him ; he then took a sponge, used this freely and deftly, and then with a few masterly strokes of his brush, transformed a crude work into a good thing. Then the cadet would take it away, work it up again, and more or less damage its fair ap- pearance, when it was once more taken to him, and once more it put on an appearance of beauty. Thus the cadet and the professor, working in turn on the drawing, would finally produce a result which, although not perfection, was at any rate a credit to the cadet. Of course, this only refers to the efforts of inferior draughtsmen, for I need scarcely say there were some who needed not the intervention of a master of the art. Tate was well aware how very necessary his assistance was in certain cases, and when he wished to produce an impression on an unruly cadet, he would threaten to "take away the privilege of the little sponge." This terrible threat would have an imme- diate effect, as deprivation of that privilege could only result in disaster to the drawing. There were some elaborate and difficult drawings which "Bodels" considered only suitable for the very best draughtsmen of the class, and a cadet, who could not possibly have executed it, would quietly express to "Bodels" his desire to do "Hong Kong," for the purpose of drawing tVom him the indignant and emphatic rejoinder '' What, jf/^ do Hong Kong ! Foz^ couldn't do Hong Kong." The following anecdote shows the professor to have been a quaintly conscientious man. There was once a cadet who had so little notion of the art, that he used to produce drawings at once useless and unintelligible. " Bodels'' was puzzled to 2i6 ADDISCOMHE know what to do in tlic matter, so he sent for the two heads of the class and he said, " Gentlemen, I want your help in this matter. If I were to <^i\ e cadet marks in accordance with his merits, 1 should fix it at minus 3, and as this would be fatal to him, I have called on you to give me permission to grant him instead Nothing. The heads of the term at once agreed to this exellent proposal, and so it was arranged. He was very quaint on many occasions, and especially when he was, what he called, "reading a {)lan." He would perhaps have a plan with hills and valleys and sea-coast, and he would with his finger follow a contour showing the manner the interior undulated. When he would arrive at the coast where there was a cliff — he would suddenly stop as if shot through the heart, and then shading his eyes with his hand as if he were quite overcome with dizziness at suddenly coming to such a dangerous place — he would exclaim in a frightened tone, " 7;r-mendous precipice!" Capt. Tate retired from the College in 1859, and settled at Weston-super-Mare, where, I believe, he died some 20 years ago. He was married, and left a son who is now a member of the Madras Civil Service. He was succeeded in his appointment at Addiscombe by Capt. P. M. Francis, of the Madras Engineers, who held the post till the close of the College. Lt. -Colonel Basil Jackson who had been first appointed to the College in February, 1835, retired on the 30th December, 1857. He had thus been at the College for 22 years, and was then in his 63rd year when he was granted a pension ^"326. 13^". 4^^/. Captain Tate became then Senior Military Survey Professor, while Captain Ouchterlony, of the Madras Engineers, was a[)- pointed assistant, and carried on the duties previously entrusted to Lt.-Col. Jackson. In August, 1 85 1, Richard Haughton retired, and Charles Bowles ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 217 became senior Hindustani professor, while Major Rowlandson was appointed junior professor. Major Rowlandson was an officer of Madras Infantry, and was an excellent linguist. He PORTRAIT OF COL. ROWLANDSON. was a mild, kindly, good man, and respected by the cadets. He is, I understand, still living at Bournemouth. As he entered the service in 1820, he must be about 90 years of age. In 1859 Charles Bowles retired. He at that time succeeded to the property of his uncle, John Shakespeare, Esq., and when he 218 ADDISCOMBE retired to his property in Leicestershire, he, in accordance with his uncle's will, changed his name to Shakespeare. He is still living at Langley Priory, a married man with several grown up daughters ; he had a son also, but unfortunately lost him when only 1 6 years of age. Cotton Mather, Esq., succeeded to the junior post on Bowles' retirement, and I understand many of the old tricks played on "Chaw" were again tried with much success on Mather. Monsieur Contanseau remained on till the close of the Col- lege, but in 1859 it was deemed desirable to appoint an assis- tant, and Mons. Jourdain obtained the post. I have heard that he was a red-hot republican, but 1 can learn nothing further regarding him. In 1850, or thereabouts, the doctors attending on the cadets were Westall and Carpenter, and one or other of them used to attend daily to see those who were supposed to be unwell. As a rule the health of the cadets was excellent, and it was rare that there was any serious illness at the College. The singu- larly good health the cadets enjoyed was due in a great mea- sure to our wholesome food, and to the regular hours we were obliged to keep — as also to the athletic sports (including foot- ball) in which we constantly indulged. Another reason was that the time for leisure at our disposal was limited — and if cadets desired to go any great distance for amusement (for example, to the King's Arms in Croydon for billiards) it was necessary to get there and back as rapidly as possible, so as to give as much time as they could to the game itself. In Stannus' time, the good health of the cadets has been attri- buted to the watch kept on them when outside the Addiscombe demesne, to see that they did not frequent the public houses close by. This, by compelling all who wanted -'a quiet pint" ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 219 to double off to a "pub" at a safe distance, kept all in prime going condition. We can but condemn the system of espionage, as objection- PORTRAIT OF COTTON MATHER, Esq. able in the highest degree ; but it is satisfactory to know that, at any rate, the system had the advantage of keeping the cadets in good health. The doctors as a rule had very easy work. The hospital, it is well known, was more frequently resorted to by cadets 220 ADDISCO-MBE who either wanted an idle day, or who, bcin^ backward in a subject, wanted specially to work it up, rather than on account of illness. On one occasion one of the orderly officers bein^ unwell, asked Dr. Westall for his advice. After enquiring into his symptoms, he said, " Well, you certainly must be most abste- mious and avoid all stimulants." Next day Dr. Carpenter came up, so he asked him to prescribe for him. He, having heard what was wrong, said, " I should strongly recommend you to live generously and take an extra glass of port wine." The only other changes were, that in 1859 Professor E. Frankland took the place of Professor Solly as lecturer on chemistry, and in i-^. 6d. and the other cadets 2s. 6d. In the days when fagging was in vogue, the ' Greens ' on their 222 ADDISCOMBE first Sunday afternoon were warned by an ' old cadet ' to be down at the Coldstream at 3 a.m. As soon as the 'Greens' had assembled (all of them in plain clothes, as their uniform had not yet been provided) to the number of 30 or 40, they were ordered to strip and 'fall in.' The word of command was then given by an 'old cadet.' 'Right face! Double march!' This brought them up to the spring board, and they had to go into 6 feet of water. Those who could not swim had a bad time of it, fortunately many could swim, and they were able to extricate those who otherwise would have been drowned, so no real harm was done. Smoking was strictly prohibited at Addiscombe, but was very commonly practised. The "old cadets" naturally exer- cised a good deal of power over the juniors, and had a code of rules apart from the College rules, which contained regulations of various kinds, but took no notice of tobacco-smoking, unless a cadet at the same time was infringing one of the 'Swabs' rules. The cadets in the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 4th terms were styled "Greens," "Browns" "young cadets" and "old cadets" respectively, and to each were attached certain obligations. The "young" and "old" cadets were the privileged classes. Soon after joining the College and before the "Greens" had their uniform served out, they were ordered by the "old cadets" to attend at the racquet court at a certain hour, when one of the "old cadets" read out a long set of rules or customs which they (the 'Greens') were advised to observe under threat of things in general and their respective lives in particular being made extremely disagreeable for them. Some of these rules were: I . ' Greens ' not to walk along the pavement in the study court, but to cross it, when obliged to do so, at right angles to its length. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 223 2. Not to carry their gloves under their shoulder straps, a privilege reserved for 'young' and 'old' cadets. 3. Not to go to 'Mother' Rose's cottage on their personal business, but only whilst fetching anything for an ' old ' or ' young ' cadet. (Previous to Sir Frederick Abbott's appointment there was a mild system of fagging, but soon after it was abolished). 4. Not to frequent any public house for refreshment near the College except the Beehive. The ' Browns ' also had a special 'pub,' and the 'old' and 'young' cadets others. 5. To salute 'old cadets' when met outside the College grounds. 6. To be respectful in demeanour whenever having occasion to speak to an ' old ' cadet or when being spoken to. 7. Not to smoke in the vicinity outside the College except at the "Corner," /. t'., the sunny side of Lord Ashbur- ton's garden wall, in the high road from Addiscombe to Addington. 8. Not to smoke in the grounds except when invited to do so by an old cadet. 9. Not to go upon the ramparts round the parade-ground. 10. Not to show a watch-chain in front of the uniform coat, which must be kept buttoned. 1 1 . Always to give the pavement to old and young cadets in passing, and if smoking to remove their pipes from their mouths. If a "Green" by chance obtained the kindly notice (as by letter of introduction through mutual private friends) of any old cadet — he would have civility shown to him by being invited to smoke with him — or by receiving an invitation to the "Swabs" (corporal's) Sunday breakfast, which was highly appreciated by a "Green." 224 ADDISCOMBE * The punishments dealt out by the Lt.-Goxernor and the Staff- Major were usually — Extra Drills. Confinement to the College grounds. Stoppage of Sunday leave. The extra drill consisted of marching round the drill-ground in heavy marching order under the supervision of a sergeant, generally Sergeant Murray (nicknamed ' Old Pubs ' or ' Squasher.') The food, as already remarked, was generally good and sub- stantial, though plain: — for breakfast, tea and bread and butter ; for dinner, leg of mutton 5 times a week, boiled beef once, and roast beef on Sundays ; then there was a very substantial pudding called 'duff,' (by no means popular) ; this washed down by good-but mild beer. Unless a mess was able to show that the pudding had been disposed of, they were not allowed cheese. This being the case, it was usual, if the pudding could not be got rid of in a legitimate way, to affix as fnuch as was necessary to the underside of the table by means of a fork, and this being done, to request the orderly officer to order cheese. The officer came to the mess to inspect, and finding the pudding gone he would give the necessary orders, and tlie mess would be happy. A cadet of my time was usually in the habit of taking an extra piece of cheese and glass of beer for the purpose, as he used to say, of getting up a "good smoking mouth". The dining-hall was arranged with 1 7 tables, each table large enough for 9 cadets, 4 on either side and a sub-officer at the head. I have a very clear recollection of the sub-officer at the head of my table in my "Green" term. He was a very fine fellow and a great athlete, Ben Christie, of the Bombay Artillery, and was much admired and liked by ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 225 us all. As soon as we ranged round our tables, the sub-officer on duty said grace: "For what we are about to receive, thank God!" The meal was usually finished in about 20 mi- nutes, so that our leisure might be as prolonged as possible. Dinner finished, grace was again said : " For what we have received, thank God! Quick march!" all in a breath, and off we went to enjoy ourselves for the next 40 minutes. The walls of the dining-hall were adorned with 2 portraits, one of General Sir George Pollock, G. C. B., the hero of the Khyber Pass, and the other of General Sir William Nott, a grand soldier also connected with the operations in Afghanistan, no doubt placed there as examples for our imitation. During the week we had 27 "studies" and as each lasted for 2 hours, we worked for some 54 hours. On four days for nearly 10 hours, on one for 8, and on Saturday for only 6. Mathematics took up about 22 hours, and Fortification 12. Hindustani, French, Military and Civil Drawing took each 4, while to Latin and Survey only 2 hours were devoted. The course of Mathematics was divided into 1 2 subjects. For the Infantry course only three of these were required ; Geometry, 350 marks for full credit. Arithmetic & Algebra, 350 ,, ,, ,, Logarithms, Plane Trigonometry & Mensuration, 250 ,, Total 950 For the minimum Artillery course ; Application of Algebra to Geome- try, & Analytical Trigonometry, 200 ,, Statics & Dynamics, For complete Artillery course ; Dynamics & Hydrostatics, &c.. Curved Lines & Conic Sections, 300 ») Total 1,450. 250 )) 200 " Total 1,900, 15 226 ADDISCOMBI-: For the minimum Engineers course ; Theory of Equations & Expan- sion of series, 250 marks for full credit. Differential Calculus, 250 ,, Total 2,400. Integral Calculus. Spherical Trigonometry. 600 ,. Astronomy, Total 3,000. Artillery cadets were bound to pass in 5 of the subjects, and would stand higher if they passed in 7, while Engineer cadets were obliged to pass in 9, and those at the head of the terms usually passed the whole 12. As soon as a cadet was considered by the professor to be proficient in one subject, he was sent up to the next senior professor; and if found by him to be sufficiently qualified was allowed to go on with the next subject. It will be seen from the above that the aggregate number for full credit in Mathematics was 3,000. Very few could be expected to attain this number, but the one whose aggregate credit approached nearest was placed at the head, and obtained 150, while the others were placed below him in order with marks in proportion. Highest standard allowed in Fortification was lOO Hindustani 80 Military Surveying 40 ,, Drawing 40 Civil do. 40 French 4o Latin 20 Geology i o Chemistry 10 ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 227 In this way the highest possible number any cadet could get was 530, and this only in the improbable event of his being first in every subject. In the year 1854 the value of Mathematics was increased to 160, and in December, 1856, still further augmented to a pos- sible 200. Previously the marks obtained by the senior cadet fixed the divisor for the remainder of the students. Thus, if the senior obtained 2,800, marks the divisor would be 186, but after 1856 there was a fixed divi.sor of 15, making the maximum marks 200 ; and this maximum was in 2 cases very nearly reached, — first, by Lewis Conway Gordon, in 1857, who obtained 191, and secondly, by William Henry Pierson, who passed out in 3 terms with 194 marks for Mathematics out of a possible 200. The public examinations were fixed for the second Friday of June and December, the half-yearly examinations preceding them and occupying about 3 weeks. They generally took place in the following order ; Wednesday, ist week. Fortification from 8 a. m. to 2 p. m. 2 Papers. — ist. on Field and Permanent Fortification in refer- ence to half of Straith's course. 2nd., Fortification continued. Siege operations and Artillery. Friday, ist week. Latin from 9 to 1 1 a. m. Monday, 2nd week. Hindustani from 9 a. m. to i. p. m. 2 Papers. — ist., Questions in Grammar and Extracts in Persian 228 Ai)i)isc:c).Mi', 1-: character from 60 pages of Shakes] )i\-ire's Hindustani Selections to be translated into En*;lish. 2nd., Extracts in Nagari characters from 30 pages of same work to be translated, and (piestions from about 25 pages of Dialogues to be written in Persian and Nagari characters. Tuesday, 2nd week. French 9 to 1 1 a. m. Wednesday, 2nd week. Hindustani 9 to i a. m. for the most advanced cadets. 1st. Extracts in Persian character, chiefly from Araish-i- Mahfil, selected from about 40 pages of Shakespeare's 1st volume, to be translated into English. 2nd. An English exercise to be translated into Hindustani, and written in Persian character, and some portion in Nagari cha- racter. Friday, 2nd week. Mathematics 8 a.m. to i p.m. in summer, and 8.30 to 1.30 in winter. 1st., Geometry and 2nd. Logarithms, Heights and Distances and Mensuration. Saturday, 2nd week. Mathematics the same hours. 1st. Arithmetic and Algebra. 2nd. Application of Algebra to Geometry and Analytical Trigonometry. Monday, 3rd week. Public Examination Oriental Department. Viva-voce Examination in Hindustani, and afterwards to translate a select passage of English into Hindustani, and write translation in Persian and Na^/ari character. ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 229 Tuesday, 3rd week. Mathematics 8.30 a. m. to i p. m. Statics, Dynamics and Hydrostatics. Wednesday, 3rd week. Mathematics 9 a. m. to i p.m. 1st., Conic Sections; and 2nd., Theory of Equations and Summation of Series. Thursday, 3rd week. Mathematics 9 to 12.30 p.m. Differential and- Integral Calculus. On this day the Military and Civil Drawings, and the Military Survey work were to be laid out and submitted to the Public Examiner. Friday, 3rd week. Mathematics 9 to 11 a. m. Spherical Trigonometry. Astronomy and Geodesy. Saturday, 3rd week. Mathematics, verbal questions and answers about 10 a. m. The professors were expected to give in their respective re- ports on the progress and proficiency of cadets, and the names of cadets whom they considered entitled to prizes. Monday, 4th week. The Public Examiner completed his mathematical examina- tion of 1st class, by verbal questions and answers. It was at this time that the Public Examiner arranged the questions which should be asked of the out-going cadets on the Public Examin- ation day. Note.— In all written examinations an interval ol 10 minutes was allowed between successive papjers. 230 A D D 1 S C O M H E Wednesday, 4th week. The Public I'Lxaminer examined the cadets of 1st class in Fortification and Artillery and inspected all the drawings done by them at Addiscombe — also the models in sand they may have made or assisted in making. Thursday, 4th week. On this day, at 1 i a.m., the East hidia Company's ])rinter was bound to deliver the General Progress Report for the last month of term and the special report and list of gentleman cadets of the 1st class to the India Office. Friday, 4th week. The Public Examination, when the prizes were distributed, followed by an exhibition of drawings and models. Military passage of a piece of water by pontoons, casks, &c., (this at midsummer examinations only). Inspection of cadets under arms and afterwards the sword exercise. Some studious cadets, towards the close of the term, were accustomed to be called at a very early hour by the watchman, in order to prepare for the examinations, and they adopted an ingenious device of fastening a string round their leg, or toe, and hanging the other end of the string out of the barrack window, so that the night-watchman might rouse them at the required hour. Returning from leave late one Sunday night, a cadet passed by a barrack, from the windows of w'hich several strings were to be seen. The temptation was not to be resist- ed. He tugged most vigorously at them all, one after the other, hauling the unlucky would-be students almost out of bed. The language which was at once heard, was hardly suitable for a quiet Sunday e\cning. The offending cadet passed quickly along to ITS HEROES AND MEN OF MOTE 231 his own barrack, and his unwarrantable interference with the innocent strings was never detected, though searching enquiries were made next morning by several cadets who, oddly enough, were all lame in one leg. An excellent account is given of the Public Examination in a book to which allusion has previously been made, " In the Company's Service," and I think readers will be indebted to me for reproducing the following extract : " The half-yearly Public Examination of the cadets was a performance carefully prepared and rehearsed beforehand. Its object was to make a favourable impression on a carefully se- lected audience. Every actor in the drama, from the distin- guished Public Examiner down to the least proficient cadet, had notice beforehand of the "part he was to play. Hence the prompt answers, ready speech and freedom from nervousness which the spectators admired in these young soldiers. The only difficul- ty and source of occasional miscarriage, arose from the fact that the cadets themselves being of an age and profession little given to seeming, were less careful to conceal the real character of the periodical exhibition than their more diplomatic seniors. According to the established order of the day's proceedings, the forenoon is to be devoted to exhibiting the acquirements of the senior term in book-learning within doors, while the afternoon is reserved for an open-air display of military exer- cise. The long hall under the clock-turret, overlooking the study court, and which serves in turn for chapel and lecture room, is provided with a platform at one end for the visitors and Public Examiner ; while in front of this, blackboards and easels are placed ready for the use of the young mathemati- cians who are presently to display their knowledge. The half-yearly formality of questioning now about to com- 232 ADD ISC OM UK mence, was as little subject to variation as the manual and pla- toon exercise that was to follow it. But it was a gratifying display nevertheless ; still, it may be supposed that with the ex- ception of a small proportion of the guests, including the ladies, the good Archbishop from Addington, and perhaps one or two of the Directors, no one seriously believed that what took place was absolutely unpremeditated. Punctually at 1 1 o'clock or as soon after as the visitors are seated, and the cadets marched by companies to the benches ranged on either side of the long room, the Chairman gives the signal and the examination begins. "Mr. Gentleman Cadet Withers," the Public Examiner slowly begins, producing thereupon that little flutter which commonly attends the first sound of the human voice breaking upon the expectant silence of a newly assembled multitude, "will you kindly demonstrate the relation of the power to the weight in that system of pulleys, where every pulley hangs by a separate string.' " Hardly has the Public Examiner begun to speak, than Mr. Gentleman Cadet Withers arises with alacrity and, with a face of confidence, makes straight for one of the blackboards. It is clear in the language of schools that the question "suits him. " The words are barely finished when Withers advances with the required system of pulleys elaborately drawn in chalk, places the diagram on an easel convenient to the gaze of the Chairman and ladies, and without waiting for further hint or sign, pro- ceeds to explain with much ease of manner, the i)recise advan- tage to be obtained from the mechanical contrivance in ques- tion. But Withers is only an artillery cadet. With dramatic art the chief performer, the first engineer of the batch, is kept till the last. The questions put to him relate of course to as- tronomy' and Newton's Principia. W ith K-ss oi)enness than ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 233 Withers and some eye to effect, this performer delays the i)ro- duction of his board for a while, so as to give the impression that his mind is battling with questions concerning the movements of the heavenly bodies. But once embarked, it exceeds the young man's skill to make it appear that his thoughts are occupied in the solution of an original problem, when they are, in fact, engaged in endeavouring to recall the terms of a well-conned lesson. The impression made by the astronomer, except for the greater maze of words and the dazing effect of listening for ten minutes at a stretch, to a series of wholly in- comprehensible propositions conveyed in one's mother tongue, is not very different from that produced by his junior. These severe exercises accomplished, there rises from behind the Chair- man a stout, self-important individual, having the manner and address of a beadle. He is the "clerk of cadets" from the India House ; obsequious to the Honourable Court, it was his habit to be short, not to say insolent, to the gentlemen cadets. There is no Addiscombe man of that period who does not re- member in connection with his own initiation at the India House, this gentleman's love of exhortation. "Mr. So-and-so, attend to the Chairman, Mr. So-and-so." The clerk's object in rising is to read the Eieut. -Governor's report, to which that officer, sitting on the right of the Chairman, next to the Arch- bishop, listens with an expression of countenance peculiar to those who are hearing their own composition read in face of a multitude. The report is lengthy, and on the whole favourable. It speaks darkly of certain lapses from virtue, now, as it hopes, repented of, expresses a hope that the sense of responsibility may in future serve to keep in check the follies of youth, and, at this point getting into a more cheerful view, mentions several who are leaving the Seminary with characters unsullied by a 234 A D D I S C O M B E sirii^lc depreciatory mark. It winds up with an invocation so similar in style to a sermon, that it wakes up the Archbishop with a start, under the momentary belief that he is at a Con- firmation." The clerk of cadets referred to in the above, was Mr. Thomas R. Clark, who was first appointed assistant clerk on 9th April, 1834, and afterwards became clerk. He died in December, 1855, when Mr. John Hollyer took his place. Mr. William Abingdon was the first clerk, appointed in 1809, and he was allowed an assistant (Mr. Nettlefoldj in 181 3. It would seem that Abingdon filled the post till 1834, when he was probably succeeded by Nettlefold till about 1 850. At one Public Examination, Cadet L — , the hero of the "Black Hole" story related at page 126, had been told that he would be called upon to describe a very simple field-work, the plan of which consisted of a few lines. When called upon, he deliberately picked out a highly-coloured and elaborate plan of the "Modern System," placed it upside down on the stand for the plans — took the wand in his hand and gravely described the field-work, while he pointed to various parts of the "Mo- dern System," much to the amazement of the Public Examiner, Sir Chas. Pasley, and the professor of fortification, Lieut. Cook, R. N., neither of whom interrupted him, and to the intense amusement of the cadets, if not to the edification of the mem- bers of the Hon'ble the Court of Directors, many of whom were present. At first the accommodation for sitting-rooms was very limited, — the corporals being allowed a room just opposite No. 4 bar- rack ; but later on the senior cadets were allowed the use of the library as a day room, and during the last few years of the College a third room, next to the sub-officer's room, was ITS HEROES AND iMEN OF NOTE 235 placed at the disposal of the "Browns."' These were furnished with a few necessary articles, and a piano was allowed ; and as there was always found in each term a sufficiency of musical talent, dancing was much practised in the evenings when there happened to be leisure. The fair sex was, as may be supposed, wanting to complete the enjoyment ; but in spite of that, the festivity was carried on with much joviality and spirit. On the east and north sides the parade-ground was surrounded by a rampart and ditch. The north-east was the flag-staff bastion, while the one on the east contained the sand-modelling hall. The flag-staff bastion was a very favourite lounge for the cadets on warm summer days, overlooking as it did the grounds used for cricket and other sports. The junior cadets were not allowed to use these ramparts ; they were considered sacred to the senior cadets. Frequently after dinner many old cadets were in the habit of going to the outward slope of the ramparts to indulge in smoking, and the smoke that arose therefrom must have been visible from afar ; but in my time it would appear that the authorities were not inclined to be too severe on this crime, unless it was brought under their very noses. The sergeants in 1856 (in addition to those required for the sand-modelling hall) were six in number. At the head of these was Sergeant-Major David Bruce (com- monly called Darby Bruce). He was a short and very portly man, and although somewhat severe and important, was good- natured and a favourite with the cadets. A favourite pastime was to go into his office, get possession of his sword-belt, place within its embrace no less than 3 cadets, and quietly await his coming. This joke used never to fail in irritating the Serg.- Major. Darby Bruce was one day superintending a drill, and as one 236 ADDISCOMBK of the companies "wheeled into Hnc," he called out to cadet P- in the front rank, "Look up! Mr. P — look up! What SKETCH OF SERG.-MAJOR BRUCE. do you want to be looking at your toes for.?" To which P — , who was not a stickler for discipline, replied, "Ah! Darby, you're jealous, you haven't seen your own toes for 20 years ! " ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 23; The other sergeants were Reid, Murray, Cook, Foye and SKETCH OF SERGEANT REID. Malster. The first-named was not liked, he was considered untrustworthy, and by no means straight-forward. He was 238 ADDISCOMIJl-: chiefly employed in the lithographic dei)aitmcnt and in keeping the accounts of the College. Sergeant Murray, alias "Squasher, " was a short podgy man. He was somewhat fond of his glass and, although kind-hearted and generally indisposed to give annoyance to cadets, was at times cranky, and several times is reported to have given notice of irregularities to the orderly officer which he would not have done, had he been in his right mind. As already stated he had a weakness for drink, which threatened every now and then to sever his connection with tin- College, especially when after a bout he reappeared with an unmistakable cut across his face. When explaining that this had occurred by his accidentally tripping over a kerb-stone in the dark (bemg of course as sober as a judge), a cadet used solemnly to ask "if the kerb-stone hadn't jumped up and hit him in the face.^" One of his duties was to superintend the cadets on extra drill, and one of the games on these occasions was to go round the parade-ground as fast as possible, so as to keep poor "Squasher " on the trot, an exercise for which he was eminently unfit. An amusing story relating to "Squasher" is thus told by a cadet. " 1 remember that on one occasion 1 thought fit to test the quality of the College discipline, and headed a young mutiny. I was one of a party whom, I regret to say, 1 frequently joined through being misunderstood, in fact, the extra drill squad. Sergt. Murray, fine old 'Squasher,' was in command, and for some time he manttuvred us skilfully ; then Satan having entered into me, whenever our lawful commander gave an order, I in low, but distinct tones, gave a different one, and the cadets carried out mine. 'Support arms!' shouted poor 'Squasher' getting more and more purpled. 'Slope!' said I, reckless of the future, and 'slope' it was; and so we went on until Mur- ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 239 ray to prevent bursting, so great was his astonishment and fury, rushed off to report the matter to the orderly officer on duty. As it happened, this commander was not to be trifled with. Captain (now Sir William) Olpherts, V. C, K. C. B., a past master SKETCH OF SERGEANT MURRAY (Squasher). in the putting down of mutinies, as many coloured gentlemen found to their cost in 1857. The gallant officer explained in the plainest and most forcible language that, according to the articles of war, I ought in justice to be at once led out and shot. So impressive was the speech, and so terribly 240 ADDISCOMIM-: fierce did the apparentl\- incensed orderly officer seem, that I almost believed my last hour had come. I have never wished to mutiny since then. " The following practical joke perpetrated by an old cadet on "Squasher" some time in 1850, has been sent to me by an old cadet. At that time the cadets were watched by some 5 or 6 sergeants, to try to prevent them entering public houses, &c. " One day as cadet S — and I were ' doubling' into Croydon without leave, with the view of securing the billiard table at the King's Arms, behind us were other cadets on the same errand who had leave to visit Croydon. To our great annoyance, on approaching the railway bridge, we found ' Squasher ' on his beat walking towards Croydon, and just about to cross the bridge. The situation was very awkward for us, for of course our names were not in the list which ' Squasher ' had with him, of those permitted to visit Croydon that afternoon ; and if we made a detour, or ' fell back ' till he had got over the bridge or some way on, we should have lost the table, for those behind would have passed us. As it happened to be a rainy day, and a shower was still falling, ' Squasher,' to protect him- self, had put on his cloak. I may here mention that he was somewhat deaf. Well, on seeing him I said to S — , 'What shall we do.^' He replied, 'Leave him to me,' and we 'dou- bled' on as silently as possible. When just at the top of the bridge S — got at 'Squashers's ' cloak tail, lifted it up over his shako and bonneted him, and we then ran as fast as we could into the field by the Railway Inn and straight across to the King's Arms. By the time he recovered from the shock we were nearly out of his sight, and he was unable to identify us. We managed to get back by the next parade hour with- out being discovered, and gave 'Squasher' a wide berth for ^ o 16 242 ADDIS COMBE the next few days, and wlien I ventured to chaff him on the subject, he got very angry and said, ' Oh ! I thought you was one of them. I knowed your run, 1 did, for you was in my squad, but 1 couldn't swear to you.' lie never knew who it was that bonneted him. It was too serious a thing to dis- close." The use made of the ditch outside the rampart, for the pur- pose of introducing illicit beer and other materials for feasting into the barracks, may here be alluded to. The ditch extended from near the lower lodge close up to No i Barrack, and a cadet at the bottom of the ditch was not visible from the grounds. A cadet writes, "A genial comrade, M — , and myself carried a gigantic stone jar filled with beer into the ditch. I was deputed (by the tossing of coin) to reconnoitre and see if 'Squasher' or any other sergeant was anywhere on the road. He was not, so M — and I forthwith lifted the 'Baby,' as the stone jar was affectionately called, and conveyed it unmo- lested into barracks. How the jars and fragments were ever re-conveyed out of barracks I quite forget, but 1 think that the sergeants had a kindly fellow-feeling for a little sport, and 'winked the other eye.' Sergeant Thomas Cook, although he had never been in the army, was by far the smartest of the non-commissioned officers. He rose in the College, and had as a lad been employed to clean the boots ; thence he became bugler. About 1 848 he was appointed sergeant; and when ' Darby ' Bruce retired, a couple of years or so before the College was broken up, he became ser- geant-major. As sergeant, Cook looked after the library and obtained an extra ^10 a year for those duties. In 1857 he married Miss Collyer (Nancy of the hospital) and settled down with ' Mother ' Dodd and ' Darby ' Bruce on their own pro])erty ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE H3 in Leslie Park, somewhere near the LesUe Arms. Mrs. Cook is, it is understood, the only survivor of the party. SKETCH OF SERGEANT COOK. Here is- an excellent sketch of Sergeant Cook drilling a squad of "Greens," drawn, I believe, by A. D. Butter. Several 244 A D D I S C O M B E cadets arc shown learnini^ the manual and platoon exercise, and a short cadet is represented in his endeavours to "Shoulder arms " as having nearly sent his bayonet through the head of the next cadet who is very tall. Sergeant Cook remarks, "Now then! Order hums! Shoulder hmns ! That wants a little j^f^atji^^U^^U'^ff'TLt,/ ^'C%t^ ^L^.lThCt^ /(-u^*^^ Mu^^^4^. J iu^^.^-^ . practisin'. Again — Shoulder hums! — Now, Mr. K — ! If that don't beat ever I heard !" Sergeant John Foye was appointed in August, 1854, and remained till the close of the College. Sergeant Malstcr, a fine, tall, handsome man, joined shortly after, on the 20th September, the day the battle of Alma was fought. He was a good fellow and generally much liked. After the breaking \v() of the College he became drill instruc- ITS HEROES AND iMEN OF NOTE 245 tor and general manager of an establishment opened by Dr. A. Wrigley at Clapham. In the early days of the Seminary, when Dr. Andrew was Superintendent, there was only one sergeant (Dodd of the Royal Artillery), and his wife acted as nurse at the hospital. It was not till August, 1826, that 2 additional corporals were appointed for purposes of drill, — Lumber and Brooks. A third, Crossby, was added between this time and June, 1835, when the establishment was augmented to one sergt. -major and five sergeants, Dodd being sergt. -major and Lumber, Brooks and Crossby sergeants. In 1837 Crossby's services were dispensed with and "Darby" Bruce took his place. On loth February, 1839, Dodd died and was succeeded by Sergeant-Major Lumber. About this time George Taylor, Adam Smith, and Honeygold were appointed sergeants, but the two former soon made room for Reid and Murray (Squasher), the latter being appointed November, 1840. On the 1 4th June, i848, Lumber was pensioned on 2S. a day, and Bruce obtained the post of sergeant-major. Cook was appointed sergeant under Lumber, Oliver and Ross being two other sergeants. The first-named committed suicide in No. 2 barrack by cutting his throat in a most determined manner. He was buried in St. James' churchyard. Foye and Malster joined in 1854, and Taylor and Marshall in 1859. Sergeant-Major Lumber was a fine, big, reticent, close-shaven, old soldier, rather sardonic and very pious — but withal a very reliable and steady man, admirably fitted for his by no means easy post. Though there were some jokes about his piety, never a word was heard to his disadvantage. He was deemed incorruptible and nicknamed the " Centurion Cornelius." Sergeant Honeygold, usually called "Jack," was in 1845 the 246 ADD IS COMBE next to Lumber. He was an Irishman, a kindly, but somewhat irascil)le old soldier, well set uj), but with rather a swagger. SKETCH OF SERG.-IMAJOR LUMBER. It was difficult to take "Jack" seriously, and at drill the cadets used to chaff him. One of the mild jokes was to tell him that his word of command "As you were!" was not intel- ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 247 ligible, in fact was not English. When fairly goaded with this, "Jack" used to roar furiously, "When I says 'As you were', I means ' As you was ' ; and if you don't understand good grammar, go and larn it ! " This he considered conclusive, but was of course received with laughter. He would then swear that he would at once report the squad to the orderly officer. The more, however, his oaths increased in intensity, the less they were acted up to, as he was really a kindly old fellow ; but once stung to the point beyond endurance, he used to button his coat savagely across his manly chest and ejaculate, " I'll bet you tuppence I'll report you!" and then the cadets knew it was all up; then "Jack" was really on the war path, and in spite of all en- deavours would dash off the drill-ground heading straight for the officer's quarters ; there was no stopping him then. There were a sergeant and 3 sappers for the sand-modelling hall. In the fifties Sergt. Bulman and Corporals G. Daniels, D. Thomson and P. Grimes; and in 1857 Pierson was appointed. Every Sunday an important function took place, which was called the ' Swab's ' breakfast. When this was first instituted it has been impossible to find out. It took place in the corpo- rals' room, and the table was laid for 30 to 40 cadets, each corporal having the privilege of inviting a guest. The break- fast was a sumptuous one, and the table was loaded with all the delicacies of the season, winding" up with jam and cream in egg cups — which was all thoroughly enjoyed by hosts as well as guests. It was an institution which largely encouraged the duty of hospitality to friends, and was no doubt the means of augmenting and cementing friendship. At half past loa. m. they had to attend church parade, of course in full uniform. This consisted of the old inverted bell-shaped shako with 248 ADDISCOAIBE grenade and white (shaving brush) phinic with curb chin-strap, bkie swallow-tailed coat with red facings, and white edging to the tails — blue trousers with red stripe for winter, and white duck for summer. The corporals wore black belts with short swords at side, and the other cadets the same belt with bayo- nets. In later years the white duck trousers were discarded, and the sub-officers had two epaulettes and sling swords. In 185S the old coatee uniform gave way to the timic and busby, which had lately been introduced into the army generally. We marched to church along the Lower Addiscombe Road to St. James' church with band playing, to the great delight of the people in the vicinity. The bandsmen were obtained from the establishment of the College, and consisted of 13 musicians : 8 of these were barrackmen, i. e., men who looked after the dormitories, 2 of them were waiters in the dining hall, and 2 of them study men, /. ^., men employed in keeping the study rooms clean and proper, while the 13th was bandmaster as well as bugler. Long previous to 1853 William Wood held this last post. THE BAND. Bandmaster Mr. Wood, W. Raynor, J. Palace, J. Hudd, J. Timbrell, W. Marlow, W. J. Fillingham, T. Langton, Hugh McLaughlin, C. Bennett, E flat Clarionet. B do. French Horn. do. Bass Trombone. Tenor Trombone. Cornet. 2nd Cornet. Flute. Ophccleide. ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 249 Joe Lewis, Trumpet. E. Bee, Big Drum. G. McLaughlin, Side Drum. It is said that, when leaving the church on our way back to barracks, the band was frequently in the habit of playing "There's nae luck about the house." In July, 1853, the bandmaster was seized with paralysis, and when it was found that recovery was hopeless, Mr. Ward was appointed to succeed him. In the course of the next few years many other changes took place — so that by 1856 there were not many of the old bandsmen left. A list of the new men is here given, as it may prove of interest to old cadets. Job Crowther. Addis, — Bugler. H. Carpenter. J. Laing, nicknamed "Judas." Lambert. J. Julian, from 68th Foot. Punlete, from 2nd Life Guards. C. Newman, from the Marines. J. Daniell, late Drum Major 48th Foot. D. Clare, from the Marines. The recreation grounds set apart for the cadets lay to the east of the College buildings. These were about 100 yards in breadth, and extended from the upper lodge and the "Brown's Corner'" to "Mother'" Rose's cottage, a distance of 500 or 600 yards. They consisted of grass lands with some fine trees scattered about, one not far from the "Brown's Corner" being especially noticeable for its size. It was in the upper portion 250 ADD IS COM BE of this ground that the cadets played football, which may be considered the game par excellence of the College. At the further end nearer to ■Mother Rose's cottage was the cricket ground ; and the athletic sports which took place twice a year, about end of April and August, were held in the wide space stretching from IMother Rose's to the Brown's Corner. Near the lower lodge were the fivps and racquet courts, and close by was the gymnasium, where the cadets learnt fencing and singlestick. Football as played at Addiscombe was a very exciting and popular game. The game was compulsory for the junior cadets, and the seniors played, some because they liked it, and others to keep up the habit of making the juniors play. It was an excellent game, somewhat rough, but very simple in its nature. The goals stood firm and immovable, all you had to do was to get the ball between the adversary's posts. There were no umpires and no rules. You might kick the ball or hit it, catch it or pick it u[) and run with it. You might assault an adversary in any way and in any part of the field, no matter how far you were from the ball, you might hack him or knock him down, you might handle him with one arm or two, seize him by the throat, throw him into the air, stamp on him when he was down, and rub his nose in the ground ; yet there were never any quarrels, although a cadet might grumble a little, when he recovered breath and consciousness, because an adver- sary had throttled him by twisting his stock round and round. It is needless to say that the victim was a "Brown," for no junior would have ventured to strangle an old or young cadet and no " Green" would have dared to whisper that he did not relish the treatment. As already stated, it was allowable for a player to get hold of the ball anyhow and run with it towards o (-H 252 ADDLSC^OMBE the opposite goal. It was then imperative for his adversaries to knock him over, and then ensued wliat was locally termed the "rosh." This was a remarkable sight, as often for half an hour or more the ball was invisible, being hidden by a mass of struggling cadets. After a time a cadet would by the violent exertions of his friends manage to get away with the ball ; he in his turn would be tripped up, and a second "rosh" would be the result. The picture of the "rosh" which is here given, forms a pleasing reminiscence to old cadets. It was drawn by a distinguished officer of the Bengal Engineers, now deceased. The great matches of the year were "Browns" v. "Greens"; "Young cadets" v. "Browns" and "Greens"; "Old cadets" v. "Young cadets". In each case the senior term was almost invariably the victor, showing the wonderful power of prestige even among young fellows of the same calling and social posi- tion, and nearly of the same age. An Addiscombe cadet thus writes — "One speciality of the Addiscombe system was that there was no limit to the number of players on a side, the daily game was Old and Young Cadets v. Browns and Greens. The seniors always took advan- tage of the best goal, and kicked down hill, but their number was always far less than their opponents." The centre of at- traction to the players was the "rosh", which was composed of a football surmounted by a player, on and round whom were heaped sometimes dozens of his comrades and opponents, in what seemed to the spectator a tangled mass of arms, legs, heads, caps, fragments of clothing, the living parts of which were writhing and struggling with the fury and inconsequence of black ants. Around this melee were watchers for the reap- pearance of the ball — who, however, employed their spare mo- ments in addint£ fresh victims to the moloch of the "rosh." ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 253 There were generally two cricket matches a year between the Croydon Club and Addiscombe. In former years there used to be a match between Addis- combe and Woolwich cadets, but on one occasion the Addis- combe cadets escorted the Woolwich cadets to the railway station, and while en route were attacked by the Croydon roughs, the result being a severe engagement, and it was deemed prudent to forbid the match in future as it seemed likely to eventuate in a free fight every time. Cricket was not nearly so popular as football. The reason of this seems to have been, that the College was unable to send elevens out to play owing to their continuous studies, and also that the cadets were much engaged with examinations in May, and were absent from the College in June and July, when cricket is most in vogue. Then again, cricket takes many hours to play, whereas football can be played effectively in the short space of an hour. The athletic sports were most popular. The contests com- prised running, jumping, hurdle-racing, gymnastics, vaulting, leaping with the pole, putting the shot, throwing the cricket ball, cutting lead, fencing, and singlestick. The principal events were the mile race, sometimes a half mile race, and a flat race of 100 yards. There was also a hurdle-race in heats, over 10 flights of hurdles, and another race comprised a run up the hill for some 300 yards and a finish over lo flights of hurdles. Then there was a race for "Browns," in which it was expected nearly all would run, and a hurdle race compulsory for all "Greens." This was greatly appreciated by the spectators as some of the youngsters could not jump at all, and there were falls at every fence. The names of successful competitors in some years 254 ADDISCaMBE could readily be named, but it is not possible to name all vic- tors, and hence it has not been attempted. This day of sports concluded with the distribution of prizes by Lady Abbott, assist- ed by her fair daui^hter and other young ladies, who compli- mented the winners and did not miss the opportunity, of saying something neat and appropriate to the possibly beardless youth who was awarded a case of razors. A special prize was awarded to the cadet who had succeed- ed in winning thc^ greatest number of contests, and this was called tile Winner's Prize. It was originally instituted by the orderly officers in 1854, Captains Couchman and Olpherts. The first one was awarded to Cadet H. N. D. Prendergast (now Sir Harry Prendergast, K. C. B., V. C.) Boxing was not among the sports publicly displayed, but the art of self-defence was by no means neglected. Occasionally, the most efficient among the "Greens" would be invited to spar in the lecture-hall of the senior term. On one occasion after several pairs had had their turn, a senior cadet invited the " Green " who seemed to be most skilful, to .put on the gloves with him. W — the "Green," was nothing loth, but soon found that he was over-matched; great was the joy of M — (a big powerful man who was a spectator), that he had dissimulated and allow- ed W — to knock him about in his round with W — , for he was able to witness W — 's discomfiture without any exertion on his part. About the year 1852 a match was arranged be- tween the champion runners of Addiscombe, and Woolwich. Four races of various distances were run. Each competitor was defeated in the events for which he had been celebrated, and each won two events. The champions were tor Addiscombe, Cadet Browne who died young ; and for Woolwich, Cadet Ed- wards (now Lt. -General Sir James Bevan Edwards, K. C. M. G.) ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 255 Billiards and pool were favourite games with the cadets, and in the forties and early fifties, it was necessary for them to go to the King's Arms in Croydon, a distance of perhaps a mile and a half. In order to secure the table it was very common, im- mediately after parade, to send off the champion runner, so that he could keep the table for his friends. It was a case of first come, first served. All sorts of schemes were devised, in order to beat him in the run down. On one occasion, two cadets were deputed to follow him as fast as they could, and when they had run about half the distance to Croydon, the bus from Shirley, driving at a furious pace, overtook them. The cham- pion had, however, plenty of ' go ' left, and was able to keep ahead of the bus. As they neared the King's Arms, out jumped a cadet from the bus with every intention of springing a mine on the champion, but he carried too many guns for him, and the cadet had to put up with the 2nd situation. This competition, on one occasion, well-nigh led to disastrous results. The old cadets had ruled that the young cadets could not claim a certain table at the King's Arms, if the old cadets wanted it. The young cadets despatched their fastest runner to secure it. The moment the parade was dismissed, off started the champion runner to forestall the old cadets, followed by nearly all the "young cadets" as well as the "old cadets." The "young cadet" secured the table, and in a few minutes the room was full. Then began a fierce wu'angle, and a free fight was imminent, when it was proposed that one from each tern should be chosen, and that the fight between them should settle the question. Cadet S — was selected by the old cadets and Cadet P — for the young cadets, and the necessary details were arranged. Next day the fight came off in a field near Addis- combe. Each of the combatants had a second, and a referee 256 ADDISCOMBE was appointed. A most determined contest took place, but in the end, the old cadets' champion was knocked out of time, and the young cadets' representative was declared victor. The for- mer was at the time somewhat indisposed, otherwise the result would probably have been different. All five marched back to barracks. At the gate Sergt. -Major Bruce pounced on four of them, and they got heavy extra drill. In later years the King's Arms was not so much frequented, as a new inn was Iniilt at one end of Cherry-orchard Lane, which being much nearer was found more convenient. This was the Leslie Arms. The cadets were not allowed to go to Croydon fair, however occasionally some of them used to break out of barracks, and go there in disguise, but the fun of the fair was gone. What had made the occasion so amusing and attractive, the compa- nionship of other cadets, was wanting, and the affair was tame as there was no chance of a satisfactory free fight. Naturally there was no chance of the cadets attending at Epsom on the Derby Day ; but as many sportsmen and others passed along the Addiscombe Road, to and from the national festival, remarks and personalities were exchanged between the passers-by and the cadets, which sometimes were the prelude to a free fight, in which anyone who chose could join. These at last became so frequent and objectionable, that on the Derby Day the cadets were confined to the limits of the study court, with great advantage to the holiday makers. Curious methods were occasionally resorted to for the purpose of diversion. One night when in class without a professor, a cadet jumped up on his desk, turned out the gas-jet nearest to him, and then blew down the pipe with all his might for a long time, nothing daunted by the loathsome taste and smell. In a few minutes the whole of the gas-jets in the class, as ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 25; well as those in the one below, went out, leaving the classes in total darkness, and with a filthy smell from the escaped gas. Both classes enjoyed it hugely, and everyone pretended the greatest terror at thus being left in the dark. The cause of the contretemps was never discovered. The liveliness of some of the cadets was shown out of doors as well as in study. A Methodist parson, accompanied by his dog, was walking along the road in front of the mansion on a Sunday afternoon. A cadet who was there teased the dog, and annoyed the parson, so that an altercation arose between them, and the cadet finally insisted on the parson giving him a "back." He successfully leap-frogged over, but the parson managed to seize hold of his shoulder cord (no doubt for the purpose of identification), whereupon the cadet broke away, leaving his shoulder cord in the parson's possession, and foreseeing the probability of an immediate report being made to the Lieut. - Governor, rushed off at full speed to the hospital, borrowed an- other cadet's coat, and returned to barracks. Meantime, another cadet seeing the parson get over the palings to go straight to the mansion, calmly took the parson up in his arms, and de- posited him again on the road, telling him that there was no thoroughfare that way, and that, if he wished to see the Lieut. - Governor, he must go round by the entrance gate. This of course created some useful delay. The parson, however, duly reached the mansion and made his report, mentioning his attempt to make a short cut, and that he had been re-transferred to the roadside by one of the sappers. The cadet whom he thus mistook, had a large beard and might well have been taken for a sapper. A parade of the whole of the cadets was shortly ordered, the parson having no doubt that he could pick out the original offender by the absence of one of his shoulder cords, 17 25.S ADDISCOMBE but, although the offending cadet was present, the coatee in which he had offended was absent, and he remained undiscov- ered. The parade was dismissed, and nothing more was heard of the incident. This same cadet was irrcpressibly fond of a spree. He was on leave one Sunday with friends in Croydon, and found his way to the old parish church. He was in the act of talking to some girls on their way out of church, and as bad luck would have it, they were closely followed by the vicar, who remonstrated with the cadet on his behaviour. The cadet enquired what business it was of his, and immediately bonneted him. There was a hue and cry, and the cadet made off to the College, closely followed by a policeman. When he found that the latter was overtaking him, he suddenly pulled up, put his leg out and sent the policeman sprawling on the pavement. He managed to reach home safely, but he was re- cognized next day by the vicar and was rusticated. By lo p. m. lights were put out, and the cadets were locked up in barracks, the key being in the custody of the sergeant. In order then to obtain egress at night, it was necessary either to purloin the door-key from the sergeant, or get out through the windows. These were barred up with iron bars crossed. However, one of these in both Nos. i and 2 barracks was broken. This was not known to the authorities, the bro- ken part being carefully replaced and fixed with black putty during the daytime, afterwards being used for egress and ingress during the night by as many cadets as wished to have noctur- nal freedom, chiefly for the purpose of attending theatricals and suppers in other barracks. On one occasion the lurid light of a large fire was seen in the .sky. This turned out to be that of a windmill at Adding- ton, whereupon a large number of the cadets turned out, ran ITS HEROES AND lAIEN OF NOTE 259 3 or 4 miles, and helped to put out the fire, all of them getting back again to their "kennels" before daylight. Next morning some remarks appeared in the local newspaper, praising the great activity ol the cadets in assisting to put out the fire. By this means alone the Eieut. -Governor and his staff became aware that the cadets had attended the fire, and they were utterly at a loss to know how the cadets could possibly have managed to be present. There was a most searching investigation to dis- cover the mode by which the cadets had succeeded in escaping from barracks, for when the one entrance door was locked they were absolutely prisoners. The broken and re-puttied cast-iron bars were, however, not noticed, and how the cadets managed to attend the fire at the windmill remained a great mystery. On another occasion, in 1856, there was a Bal Masque at Covent Garden Theatre, and 2 or 3 of the "old cadets" got out of bar- racks and attended it, driving to and from the ball. This was the time when Covcnt Garden Theatre was burnt to the ground. On parade next morning the catastrophe was of course known to all the cadets, and came to the ears of the orderly officers As there were no telegrams in those days, the orderly officer was extremely puzzled to ascertain how the incident was known so quickly, but again the secret was kept. The dramatic art was not neglected at Addiscombe. In spite of the vigilance of the authorities, the cadets managed to bring off many a Thespian entertainment. It should be mentioned that the dormitories in Nos. i and 2 barracks were 25 ft. in width, and that the "kennels" on either side took up a space of 18 ft., leaving a passage down the centre of the room of only 7 ft., so that narrow space was all that was available for the width of the stage, the depth being perhaps 10 feet. In order to keep the outside public, that is the authorities of the College, in the 26o ADDISCOMBE dark, the cadets were obliged to fasten all available blankets and sheets over the windows, to prevent light being seen from outside. Inclusion of light unfortunately involved the exclusion of air, so that towards the close of a festive evening, the atmos- phere became rather close and destructive to certain theatrical arrangements. On one occasion, when they essayed to play a piece called "Shylock Travestied," Shylock had become pos- sessed by lawful purchase, of a magnificent Jewish nose made of gutta-percha. This nose, a most artistic one, stuck on beau- tifully in a cold climate; but in the air-excluded room, with the temperature at about 100° Fahrenheit, the case was altered. In the midst of one of Shylock's most telling speeches, the nose became detached, and had to be held on with one hand, whilst the requisite declamation was conducted with the other. But the cadets were satisfied with small things in those days, although they tried hard to soar above the common herd. They even played a pantomime which was not arranged beforehand, they improvised the talk and trusted to "rough and tumble" for the success of this. Their great want in arranging this business really was the ballet girls. The dresses were mostly made by the cadets, assisted by dear old " Mother " Rose. In April, 1856, a theatrical entertainment and supper was given by the " young cadets" in No. i barrack. This was discovered by the autho- rities, and the orderly officer had the unpleasant duty of invading the supper-room and confiscating the refreshments. This resulted in a great disturbance, several ' Swabs ' were "broken," and a large number of cadets placed on heavy extra drill. The report of the officer will prove of great interest to many old cadets, so I venture to introduce it. ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 261 "official report on proceedings in no. I BARRACK ON SATURDAY NIGHT AND SUNDAY ISIORNING, I Qth AND 20th APRIL, 1 856. At 10 o'clock last night, Sergt. Murray reported to me that some of the cadets had broken out of barracks ; I immediately went to No. 3 barrack and called the roll, when all but the cadets named in the margin (4 sub-officers), were found present. Having heard that theatricals were to take place in No. i barrack as reported to the Lieut .-Governor yesterday afternoon, I pro- ceeded to that barrack, and under the archway below No. 5 study, I found cadet as per margin (Sub-officer C ) hiding in the shadow of it. I then opened the door, and on entering No. I room, found the centre space from the door to the fire- place, occupied by tables spread with a most extensive supper. Large dishes of meat, raised pies, &c., knives, forks, tumblers, table-cloths, &c., nothing appeared wanting but something to drink, jugs of water being the only potable to be seen. I then ordered the supper tables with everything upon them to be removed. This was effected with a good deal of difficulty, owing to the tables, which were those of the library and sitting rooms, being too large to get out of the barrack without being tilted, show- ing that there must have been the same difficulty in getting them in. "During this operation, I had occasion to order the cadets to keep within their 'kennels.' In spite of repeated warning, those as per margin, disobeyed my orders (Cadets S — & G — ). I further searched every ' kennel ' and found small quantities of provisions in them. From thence I proceeded to No. 2 room, where I found the cadet as per margin (Cadet S — ) under one of the beds. I had reason to feel dissatisfied with Sub-officer M.'s answer as to the custody of the key of No. 1 barrack, a 262 A D D I S C O M B K subject which seems to require further investigation. Cadets were all present. On entering No. 3 room, I found the end of the room next the fireplace, partly fitted up as a theatre. The counterpanes were nailed across the spaces between the longi- tudinal division of the room. Two or three ' kennels ' had doors and the framework of theatrical windows fastened to the wood with hinges, regularly screwed on. There were a number of scenes, drop-curtain, and other paraphernalia of a theatre found in several 'kennels.' The cadets were all present, the one named in the margin (Cadet R.) belonging to another barrack being among the number. They kept up an incessant yelling, screaming, and shouting, which my presence did not suffice to quell for a moment, breaking out into what appeared to have been appropriate songs, amongst which ' to rob a poor man of his beer ' seemed to be particularly adapted to the occa- sion. " On leaving the room, a call was made for 3 groans for me, which was responded to in the warmest manner. In addition to those belonging to the room, I found those named in the margin under various beds (Sub-officers, B., R., P., and D. ; Cadets, M., S., Y., and M.). "Sub-officer M.'s room was locked, and the sub-officer in charge was unable to give me the key. "The lock was firm and would not yield to the roughest treatment of the foot. However, a dumb-bell procured from the sergeant's office, soon effected the object in view. On entering, I found the quantity of liquor as per margin, (4 dozen and 10 bottles of Bass' pale ale); 2 baskets with directions as per margin (H. M., Croydon Station) seemed to have contained provisions, but when found they were empty, save a few- bro- ken bottles. On these being removed, I ordered them to be ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 263 taken to the officers' quarters for safe custody, and the supper and tables to be placed in the store room under 5th class study. "During a portion of the proceedings, Sub-officer M. sallied out of his room, reached the door and succeeded in smashing a plate. He reviled Sergeant Murray for having reported the fact of the cadets being out of barracks. " The conduct of the cadets of No. i barrack generally was most uproarious. Yells, screams, shouts, songs, sarcastic remarks, such as "Who stole the supper.?" and, I regret to say, other personal ones being used. As regards the latter, some fault was found with the conduct of the ' gentleman with the light hair,' an allusion clearly directed at me. "The watchman reports lights as follows: No. I barrack. No. i room till 2.15 a.m. ] gentlemen n 4 ,, n 3 „ > very ,, 2 & 3 ,, ,,4 >5 ) disorderly. 5th class „ „ 1.45 „ " Continuation of report on Monday, 21st April. "During the absence of the cadets at church yesterday, those who stayed at home employed themselves in smashing the plates and dishes, and destroyed the meat which was placed in the store-room under the 5th class study. This was accom- plished by means of a pole. Just before leaving No. i barrack for the purpose of super- intending the removal of the bottles of beer, meat, &c., I marched off the cadets whom I had found in No. i barrack, belonging to other barracks, under Sergeant Murray to their respective barracks, so that these gentlemen are not implicated 264 ADDISCOMBK in the shouting, &c., described in the last paragraph hut one of Sunday's report." The prologue for these theatricals, written by a cadet, after- wards highly distinguished in the Bengal P^ngineers, will show- that a good deal of trouble was taken to get them up well. "Stop! prompter, for a minute hold your tongue, I'll say a word before the play's begun. Hear, Gentle Audience, I have come before you To speak a prologue, which I hope won't bore you, And if it should, 't is really not my fault That my effusions lack the Attic salt. For I have worked, and toiled, and worked again. And squeezed, and pressed and racked my empty brain. And tried all sorts of dodges, but in vain. Were it a poem on the Russian war, Something heroic, that were better far; Or how the Baltic fleet with all its men, Sailed up the seas, and then sailed home again; To write some stanzas on the Lord Mayor's feast, Or a long ode on nurses for the East, Were a comparatively easy thing ; But then a prologue, to attempt to wring Out of one's stupid head, a subject new. Amusing, pretty, appropriate too, It is most disagreeable — so excuse These very feeble efforts of my muse Which slowly, word by word, and line by line. The car toiling managed to combine. As when some luckless wight, in sleep profound With grunts and snores awakes the dreamers round, Swift through the air the hurtling "bezar" flies,' Deep from the " kennels ' near the oaths arise. Pity for such a wretch invades no breast ; All hate the man who breaks their hard-earned rest. Thus we, audacious, dare attempt our fate Nor turn repentant ere it be too late. What we deserve, alas! we know too well, But hope comes in our terrors to dispel. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 265 Yes, m}^ dear friends, in you we put our trust, Confiding in your kindness — for we must Confess, our acting merits no applause, And when, as soon you will, you find a cause For just reproach, I beg you pass it o'er, For then to hiss would but confuse us more: If actresses be shy, excuse their fears. Attribute them unto their sex and years. Pity us then, and I will only sav 'Praise where you can — be silent where you may.'" On the occasion of the supper being taken away by the officer on duty, the following ballad was composed by one of the old cadets, Cadet L . "Now glory to the young cadets Whose humble guests we are. And curses on the officer Who would oiir sports debar; But yesternight we hoped to meet Our comrades firm and fast, And to conclude our evening sports Prepared a slight repast. Now everything is ready laid. The time is all our own. Beneath the weight of costly viands. The stolen tables groan. Who's now the intruder r Who r No tardy guest is he. The bolted doors now open flew Before his cursed key. The arch-fiend comes : What matter .- Nought There is him to displease. This is no drunken revelry That calls him from his ease. As when the Trojans from shore to shore. To Italy their Lares with them bore, In lonely isles they land ; they slaughter kine Prepare the banquet and pour forth their wine, 266 ADDISC'OMBK Hut crc the feast's l^egun, oh 1 fatal sound! They, filthiest monsters and disgusting beasts, Pollute the goblets — putrify the feasts. So he in haste the feast perceives And brooks of no delay, Summons his myrmidons with him To bear his prey away. Mid hoot and jest, and insult dire, Their evening task they ply ; Attempts at rescue, all are vain Beneath his piercing eye. Shall we then let them steal our feasts Without a rescue bold? Not such our predecessors did In the brave days of old. But still in vain they labour on, In vain is all their toil; We from the spoiler rend the prey, And rob him of his spoil. The expected play we still enjoy, In feasting now delight ; We then indulge in harmony, And pass with joy the night. Then glory to the young cadets Whose humble guests we are, And curses on the officer. And chiefly upon T. A. R." The result of this disturbance was that 7 of the sub-officers were broken, and about 50 cadets were awarded 30 days' extra drill. On the orders being read out on parade, one of the sub-officers concerned, took off his epaulettes, and threw them yards into the air. This could not be overlooked, and he was rusticated, the punishment involving loss to him of his commission in the Artillery. He, however, entered the Service in the Infantry. He was a fine, handsome, high-spirited young fellow, and shortly after found a soldier's death durin^ the Mutinies. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 267 The most pleasing part of this theatrical row was the good feeling evinced by the cadets, in shortly after sending the orderly officer an apology for their personal remarks on the occasion. The reply of the officer was as follows : "Addiscombe, 14th May, 1856. " My dear S , "It is with much pleasure I have received the paper you have just put into my hands, being an apology for the personal remarks addressed to me on the night of Saturday, April 19th, signed by yourself and your comrades. "At the very moment of the occurrences in question, 1 felt quite conscious that what was said or done, was under the influence of great excitement attendant upon a grievous disap- pointment, and not to speak too literally, upon the cup being dashed from your lips at the very moment of enjoyment. Feeling this, the few personal remarks launched at me fell harmless as regards the individual , but as regards the official it was otherwise. Of this Sir F. Abbott has taken due notice. As you have thought proper to tender the individual an apology on this occasion, for thus I interpret it, I beg to express my opinion that your doing so, proves that you have the hearts of gentlemen, and long may they continue to be impelled by such feelings as have actuated them on this occasion. You will all, I am sure, sympathize with me in the very uncongenial nature of the duty I had to perform in the night in question. It was my duty to knock up theatricals, at which I would willingly have been present, to order a very capital supper to be taken away, a share of which I would willingly have taken, bnt for one cir- cumstance. These things arc not allowed in our barracks at 26S addiscombp: Addiscombe, and therefore I could neither be present at. nor be a partaker of the gaieties in question ; more dismal still, I was compelled by my sense of duty in my official capacity, to set a bar against them to the utmost of my power. "Hoping to meet you and your comrades under other circum- stances, and when we may enjoy theatricals and suppers without doing so against rules, "I am, my dear S , " Sincerely yours, "H. H. M." Occasionally the cadets were allowed what w'ere called " hours," that is to say, in honour of some special visitor to the College or perhaps to the country, there were no studies in the after- noon, and the cadets were free for 5 hours to go where they pleased in the neighbourhood. Thus on 30th August, 1856, Sir Fenwick Williams Bart., K. C. B., of Kars, with his A. D. C, Colonel Teesdale, V. C, C. B., paid a visit to Addiscombe, and "hours" were given in his honour; and I remember that 'Sh. Penley took a photograph of them w^hich 1 still have. In March, 1856, the Emperor Napoleon III. and the Empress Eugenie were on a visit to the Queen, and on the 17th we fired a salute in their honour, and "hours" were granted, when most of us went to the Crystal Palace. This was St. Patrick's Day and it was customary on that anniversary for our fifes and drums to play in the barrack rooms early in the morning. A good story relating to this august visit is told by Major Broad- foot. " Another story of that time evinced the high qualities of presence of mind, fertility of resource and absence of fear of responsibility on the part of an unknown cadet. When the Emperor and Empress of the French were staying with our ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 269 Queen, the Crystal Palace was visited in State. The occasion was naturally a great attraction to the young men who wished to see the show ; but admission to the grounds was restricted to the holders of season tickets, which cost a guinea each, and no money was forthcoming for such expenditure. So a number of them walked over, and mingling with the outside crowd enjoyed themselves as well as they could. Soon, however, a movement and gathering together of the cadets became apparent, and the order to ' fall in ' was given. The)- ' fell in ' promptly under the command of a sub-officer, who ' formed fours ' and marched boldly in at the principal entrance, pausing for an instant to enquire from the policeman in charge, if he could direct them to the position assigned to the cadet guard of honour. The policeman went to enquire, and no sooner was his back turned, than they were halted and dismissed inside the grounds, and when he returned the guard of honour had vanished. The young men enjoyed themselves amazingl}- ; but the secret of their admission greatly puzzled the Lieut. -Governor and Staff who were present. The only explanation ever given — that they were marched in by some sub-officer — was, in default of anything more precise, admitted to be sufficient." The accommodation supplied to the cadets in the dormito- ries must seem strange to the present generation of cadets who, I understand, each have a small private apartment ; but it is not so certain that the rougher accommodation in vogue at Addis- combe, was not better adapted for young men, who often in after-life, had to put up with things far less comfortable. The "kennels" were 9 ft. by 6 ft., separated from one another by boarded partitions some 8 ft. in height. These were very sparsely furnished — there being only an iron cot, a wooden chair, and camp washing apparatus. On one side, at the head 2;o ADDIS COMBE of the bed, was a fixed table with a large drawer, and the door of the "kennel" was furnished with a curtain. The cadet's clothes were kept for the most part elsewhere, and were brought as required from the store-room, where they were deposited in a sort of enlarged pigeon-hole duly numbered with the cadet's number, which number was placed upon all articles of uniform, &c., belonging to the cadet. The drawer in the "kennel" was sacred to the personal be- longings of the cadet, and the contents of these were frequent- ly strange and varied, as may be seen from the inventory of a few articles discovered in the drawer of a young cadet's "kennel", given in the Addiscombe Scrap Book, published about the year 1840. " A brush and a comb, with some chocolate paste, An Etna for makin^f the beverage in haste, A slipper, a shirt with the tail torn in two, Of sepia a cake, and a glove far from new, A bottle of varnish, a piece of brown soap Wrapped up in a leaf of 'The Pleasures of Hope,' Two morsels of sugar, once white, but now black, ' Rob Roy ' and the outline of Vauban's Attack, A fudge to equations, some Indian debates, A volume of ' Douglas on Bridging ' with plates, A pamphlet by Captain Straith, meant to complete his Most excellent work, better known as 'The Treatise,' Some crumbs of stale bread, on some paper a scrawl, A salt-spoon and saucer purloined from the Hall, A boot-jack, a pencil, a triangle too, A pair of bow compasses minus the screw. A box of cigars with some Congreve fuzees, A half-bladed knife and a bundle of keys: These are few of the things which (besides many more) 1 discovered one day in a young cadet's drawer." ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 271 In the Addiscombe Scrap Book, of i S40, a dismal account is given of the trials to which cadets were subjected, and it would appear from it, that at that time there were no partitions be- tween the beds, and that the cadets were roused from their slumber at 6 a.m. "The evening call proclaims the close of day, The bedroom squads with measured step depart And to the barracks wend their weary way To rest the tired limbs and heavy heart. Now round the beds their martial cloaks they fold And all in slumber court a brief repose Save one poor wretch, who troubled with a cold Performs a solo on his aching nose ; Save that from yonder clumsy-looking bed Some small cadet doth drowsily complain Of restless neighbour, who upon him treads In setting out of bed and in again. Without the damask curtains' grateful shade Thro' which the cheerful sun might coyly peep. Each in a narrow iron bedstead laid. The gentlemen cadets are forced to sleep. The loud reveilles of the echoing horn Reverberating through each aching head At six precisely, on the morrow's morn. Shall rouse the victims from their lowly bed. No cause have they excitement's ills to fear, In drill and study roll their hours away; While time speeds on, nought marking his career, Antl months take pattern from a single day. 272 ADDISCOMin-: Let not calm reason ask for what intent, Ideal aims, or fancy pictured gain They pass their lives in hapless discontent And two lonr; years at Addiscombe remain. The toils that made their once blithe tempers sour, And all the study, all the time they gave Yield them at length the enviable power To seek in India an untimely grave. Not theirs the fault, should future ages find No record of them in the page of fame, In one small sphere 'cribb'd, cabin'd, and confin'd" They sighed for action and a deathless name. It may well he supposed that the cadets resented rising at 6 in the morning, and on one occasion at least, measures were taken to prevent this interference with their peaceful slumbers. In the centre of the chapel facing the study court, was a large clock 3 or 4 feet in diameter, fixed in a small turret, by which clock all our parades were timed. Upon one occasion a cadet rose very early, and through a trap-door in the ceiling of No. I barrack, scrambled along the roof, getting stuck for a time amidst the trusses and rafters. Arriving within reach of the clock, and armed with a stick having a convenient crook to it, he pulled back the hour hand a bit, so as to put the clock back half an hour exactly. It was the habit of the orderly officer attending the parade, and such of the professors as had to attend the study before breakfast, to stand on the terrace overlooking the study court whilst the cadets were being in- spected and marched off to their respective studies by the orderly officer. They all arrived punctual to the proper time, feeling cold, and ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 273 longing to get inside a warm study room. The bugler was ready at his accustomed post, but did not sound as the clock showed it was only 6 and not 6.30. The orderly officers and professors consulted their watches and each other, to discover the reason of the delay. There was not a cadet on the parade, but every window and door facing it was filled with laughing faces waiting for something to happen. The bugler would not blow, and the orderly being unprepared did not, as he might, order the Assembly to be sounded ; so there was only a general questioning amongst them till Major Donnelly with Sergeant- Major Bruce appeared upon the scene, having been sent for. The latter made the sage remark — "Mr. L. or one of them young gentlemen has had summat to do with the clock, sir." Whereupon the bugler was ordered to sound the w-arning, and then after 3 minutes more the "fall in." The cadets assembled, parade proceeded, and they were marched off to their respective studies, having succeeded in pleasantly wasting about half an hour, and causing a good deal of speculation as to the cause of the mishap. The clock-winder was no doubt found fault with, but the authorities at the time failed to dis- cover the reason of the contretemps. This same cadet on a hot summer's day being a minute or so late for the 2 p. m. parade, appeared in a dripping condition, and being called up to explain the cause of his delay, said, "Fell into the Coldstream, sir, as the bugle sounded." The orderly officer said to the dripping cadet, wet from cap to boots, "Very well., fall in again Mr. L ," and he had to sit in his wet clothes for the whole of the study. The orderly officer knew full well that L had jumped in on purpose, and his eyes twinkled with fun as he gave the order to "fall in. ' In 1851 a small illustrated book was published, called " Fre- 18 274 ADDISCOMBE derick Green, or the Ad\ cnturcs of an Addiscombc Cadet during his Green Term," by Samuel Steelj>en, G. C. It consists of 19 little sketches. Green is first shown as going to the India Office with his father to obtain his appoint- ment; then at tile India House "to i)ass the Board"; next wi- see him at his private tutor's learning to smoke, and out for a "lark." He then goes up for his "exam"; when he is told by two old cadets that he is "safe to have a devil of an exam and sure to be spun." He joins and is taken to be fitted with an old coat. He gets one which he is told is a "capital fit." We next see him marching to breakfast, when he of course loses step and gets his shins 'barked'. At breakfast he cannot manage the " Bezar bowl." Then comes drill, when to his own dismay, and the sergeant's indignation, he takes off his neigh- bour's cap with the point of his bayonet. He is now seen enjoying himself in front of the fire in the dormitory, reading a book, when an old cadet sends him out to football. Next we see the "rosh"' and its results ; and then the "rosh" at "Tarts'" little place below the staircase. After this we have cloak parade, when the weekly pocket-money was given out, usually on Thursday. Finally, as a conclusion, his " Brown " and '•young cadet" terms having soon passed, we see him as a "Swab", and he shortly .sails for India as an officer of the Bengal Artillery. Shortly after the " Greens " joined, it was usual for the " Browns " to give the "Greens" a welcome by entertaining them with a "lush." This took place at the Leslie Arms, and in the early part of the year ; what with the cold, the effects of the whiskey and rum punch, and the looks of a dark-eyed pretty girl in the bar, some of the cadets were with difficulty extri- ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 275 cated from the snow drifts. The intellectual part of these entertainments was the singing of songs, and after it was over the whole would march home together, every 10 or 15 cadets being linked arm in arm, the whole number — some 70 to 80 — singing vociferously, and any tradesman's cart approaching would naturally avoid meeting such a community, as it was very likely otherwise to be turned into the ditch. On other occasions the cadets in their leisure hours used to frequent the "pubs'' in small parties of threes or fours and refresh themselves with beer, Welsh rarebits, port negus, and spirituous liquors — a pardonable practice in view of their dinner being at i p.m. and lasting only 15 to 20 minutes, and tea being at 7 p.m. The houses most in vogue were The Beehive, Black Horse, Far Cricketers and The Leslie Arms. In earlier years The King's Arms in Croydon was much frequented, but later The Leslie cut it out. An amusing incident is related as taking place at The Black Horse. There was an ex-prize fighter named "Pretty Agent." This man had a very unpleasant habit of going into the " pubs," taking the glasses of other people, lowering the contents down his own throat, and, if remonstrated with, a knock-down blow w^as the immediate result. Well, this fellow on this particular occasion met his match. It was after the dismissal from parade one afternoon that many of the cadets made for the toll-gate at Woodside, where there was to be a little "sprinting" with some of the running men of Croydon. This sport necessarily brought a fair sample of the roughs of the place, and amongst them "Pretty Agent." The Black Horse was the rendezvous, and of course several of the cadets found their way in, and were quickly and quietly served by old John Grey, the land- lord. No sooner were the glasses put on the counter than 276 A D D I S C O M B E "Pretty Agent" took iij) one, but was prevented drinking the contents by one of the cadets called Paddy F — , who seized him, and challenged him to come outside and fight. This he readily accepted, no doubt thinking he would easily floor his man ; but he was doomed to bitter disappointment, for Paddy F — soon 'shaped,' and landing a drive from the right on the nose, following it up with a swinger from the left sent him rolling into the ditch. This passage of arms effectually pre- vented the ruffian from ever again molesting the cadets. The following incident will show that the tone of Addis- combe reached a high standard. On the 31st March, 1856, after the Crimean War, peace was proclaimed with Russia. On the 29th May following the Queen's Birthday was kept, and there were grand fireworks and illuminations in London in honour of peace having been concluded. The cadets received permis- sion to go to town to witness these festivities, but only on the clear understanding that without fail they were to be on parade at 7 a.m. Nearly the whole of the cadets availed themselves of this permission. It must be remembered that the cadets would not be in a position to go to bed till, at any rate, i a.m. and that they had to go all the way to London Bridge to re- turn to Addiscombe. At the very early hour they had to start in the morning, there was the utmost difficulty in getting con- veyances, as most of the cabmen had themselves been up nearly all night. I myself had to walk from Porchcster Terrace un- til 1 reached Oxford Street, before I could get a cab, and shorth' after I picked up two other cadets whom I overtook. A friend of mine rode his pony from Kensington to Addiscombe, and while doing so passed a cab full of cadets on Streatham Common, who drove all the way. In spite of these difficulties, on that morning parade not a single cadet was absent, although the ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 277 number who came from London amounted to some 120 or 130. Soon after the arrival of a new orderly officer straight from India, Capt. L , there was a heavy fall of snow, and a great snowball scrimmage took place amongst the cadets after dinner, which was witnessed with great interest by the orderly from the terrace. When the parade fell in and the " Divisioner " for the day reported all present, the orderly officer said to him, "Don't you think, Mr. M , the gentlemen cadets would like to have some beer after their exertions in the snow .^ " There was no hesitation in the reply, and accordingly beer was at once served round in the class rooms by the study men, much to the horror of the professors who came on the scene whilst the beer was being discussed. Most of them beat a precipitate retreat and did not reappear till all signs of the beer had been cleared off. The cadets made frequent visits to the Crystal Palace and, as a rule, behaved excellently, but on one occasion, in 1858, the result was a big row. It was on Easter Monday that there was a gala time at the Palace, a popular entertainment at popular prices. There were amusements galore. The great organ played frequently ; there were large posters inviting the audience to join in the choruses, and a grand body of cadets were present to do honour to the whole show. At 4.30 when "Rule Britannia," " Auld lang Syne" and other cho- ruses, finishing up with "God save the Queen ", were advertised to be played, all the cadets gathered together in the centre transept towards the south end for the purpose of singing, which they did in a perfectly orderly manner. When the Na- tional Anthem was begun, the cadets and most of the bystan- ders uncovered their heads and a cry of "hats off" was raised. Some persons standing near who did not remove their hats, 278 A D D I S C O M B E had them pushed off by the canes of the cadets. This was all taken with perfect good humour, until one man refused in an offensive manner to take off his hat. A cadet pushed it off, whereupon the man struck him, and jumping on a chair said, "I'll be d d if I take off my hat to anyone." He was im- mediately rushed on by a gentleman in plain clothes (an officer, not a cadet) who knocked off his hat with an umbrella— a scrim- mage ensued in which the cadets of course became involved. The police shortly appeared on the scene, and seeing the cadets in uniform, directed their attention chiefly to them. The conduct of the police was most intemperate, seizing the cadets by the collars and treating them most roughly. The inspector was foolish enough to give an order to one of his men to "send for the cutlasses", with the view of intimidating the cadets, but far more likely to have the result of exaspera- tion. When the Anthem was over, order was more or less restored, and the cadets (being amused with the occurrence, and instigated by an old gentleman bystander who, patting the in- spector on the back, said, "Don't excite yourself,") called out, "Three cheers for the inspector!" which was heartily responded to. As he did not take this kindly, he was hoisted and carried out of the crowd. This was a heinous offence, and it is not surprising that the ])olice swore they would have reprisals. The cadets after this, not considering that they had done anything worthy of censure, and being rather late, doubled down the nave, laughing and talking and intending to go quietly back to Addiscombe. One of the ringleaders on this occasion was Cadet F , who had been rusticated a few days previously for a slight disagreement with the authorities, and who now appeared in "mufti." Of course, F was not recognized as a cadet, and ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 279 one policeman described to him very feelingly, the rage the force was in at the cadets' behaviour in hoisting the inspector. This conversation went on just at the edge of the crystal fountain, and F thanking the policeman for his friendly conversation, and condoling with the force, nudged him there and then into the middle of the fountain basin. The police followed them out of the Palace, and seized one of the cadets, (who by this time were leaving in the direc- tion of Anerley), and took him into custody with unnecessary violence ; when, of course, other cadets interfered, and there was a desperate struggle. Three cadets were taken into custody. Public feeling was greatly excited by the conduct of the police. The rest of the cadets having in vain tried to rescue their comrades, retired in perfect formation towards the College. Meantime a telegram had been sent to Addiscombe, and the Lieut.-Governor and the orderly officer hurried over in a car- riage to stop further ' bloodshed.' The orderly officer says, " Never shall I forget the ragged regiment we met, nor the well-deserved rebuke administered to it by the Lieut -Governor. Suffice it to say, that confident in the justice of their cause, the cadets re- turned to their quarters, and the 3 prisoners were bailed out. A few days after I had to appear with them at the Lambeth Police Court, and notwithstanding a most affecting speech made by me in extenuation of their offence, they were fined ^3, ^2, and ;^i respectively, while a bystander mixed up with the affair was fined \Os.'' Three fellow-cadets gave evidence at the hear- ing. A gentleman who was present wrote to the "Times" in favour of the cadets, and gave his address as " Applepie Lodge, Vale of Health, Blackheath." It will be remembered that while Artillery and Infantry cadets started for India within 3 months of their leaving Addiscombe, 28o ADDISCOMBIC those for the Engineers were posted to Chatham, where they remained attached to the Royal Engineer estabhshment for some 1 8 months. In 1855 a sad accident took place at Chatham, which was indirectly connected with Addiscombe, as the unfor- tunate victims were 3 distinguished Engineer officers who had only left the College a year previously, and one of them would have attended the next Public Examination as A. D. C. to the Public Examiner. On the 1 6th December ^neas Macdonald, Morton Eden and George Battine of the H. E. I. Co's Engineers, and James Battine of the Bengal Cavalry (brother of George Battine) went out in one of the Royal Engineer yachts, for the purpose of duck shooting. The yacht was a small sailing boat of about 2\ tons, called the "Whim." The absence of the officers from the mess on the first evening did not cause alarm, as officers when yacht- ing were frequently detained by calms or bad weather; but as they did not return the next day, search parties were organized. It was not, however, till several days after the accident that the boat was found capsized in Rainham Creek. Not far from the boat the body of Macdonald was also found, and that of James Battine some days later. The bodies were interred in the church- yard at Gillingham with full military honours, the whole of the garrison attending. Macdonald's funeral took place on ist January, 1856, and James Battine's on the 14th. This sad event cast a great gloom over the garrison at Chatham, where the officers were well known and much liked. ]\Iacdonald, Eden, and James Battine were great friends, in- deed it might be said of these young officers who w'ere thus cut off in the commencement of their career and in the full vigour of life, — " They were lovely and pleasant in their lives, and in their death they were not divided." ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 281 Eden's body was never found, and it was only 6 weeks after tlie accident that George Battine's was recovered, and buried at Gillingham with full military honours on 31st January, 1856. Inquests were held, but no light was thrown on the cause of the accident, and it will never now be known. A monumental tablet was erected in St. James' Church, Croy- don. The tablet is of white marble in an outer setting of black marble. It bears the names and ages of the officers, and the date of their deaths ; and was erected by their brother offi- cers as a mark of sorrow for their loss. At the base of the tablet are sculptured the sword and cocked hat of the pattern at that time worn by Engineer officers. CHAPTER YI. It is now time to speak of "Mother" Rose, for whom every Addiscombe cadet has a soft corner in his heart. At one time her cottage was denounced by the College authorities, and cadets were forbidden to frequent it, but this order was ignored by the cadets; and the Lieut. -Governor eventually came to the belief that after all it was not a bad place for the cadets, and that "the cottage at the north-east corner of the grounds" was a better resting place for the cadets than The Black Horse or The Leslie Arms. It was a rude cottage, attached to which was a small garden containing a few elm-trees. The cottage had only two rooms, and was only separated from the College grounds by the roadway. Until last year it remained as it was of yore, and was the only thing about the place which served to recall the pleasant days of youth at Addiscombe. The following extract from "In the Company's Service" will amusingly show how at one time the Lieut.-Governor failed to perceive the great merits of "Mother" Rose and her cottage. The incident takes place just immediately before the final parade after the Public Examination. ADDISCOMBE 283 " But now the anxious eyes of Lady Monk descry the form of His Grace the Archbishop arm in arm with his Chaplain, making straight for the cottage at the north-east corner of the grounds. The good Primate as she well knew, although careful to preserve the proprieties, and sufficiently alive to class distinc- tions, was always better pleased when conversing with his humble neighbours, than in taking part in the empty talk of a fashion- able crowd. It was clear that he was making for Mrs. Rose's, where, for aught that Lady Monk knew, he might be half stifled with Bewlay's shag, and shocked by the low habits of the young gentlemen he had just been praising. "It needed a woman of no less tact than Lady Monk to avert the threatening catastrophe. Look, Florence, she exclaimed, ' there is the Archbishop in front of us with Mr. Roland. Run to them, and tell the Chaplain from me that there is no gate in the direction they are going, but only an awkward stile which His Grace might have difficulty in climbing. We can show them an easier route to the same point by way of the lodge gate.' "The good Archbishop suspecting nothing, and indeed half ashamed at being discovered in the act of escape, is easily brought to. Soon regaining his composure and the smile of benevolence which characterized him, he begins to make apo- logy: 'Mr. Roland and myself, Lady Monk, stimulated by the professional zeal we see about us, were bent upon a little pastoral business of our own before your review commences. We were going, in fact, to do some amateur district visiting ; I never find myself in the country without thinking of the happy hours I spent in that way in my old parish. With the wider sphere of work Providence has bestowed upon me, I am but seldom at Addington, as you know, and see little of my 284 ADDISCnMHK neighbours. I was suggesting to my young friend, Lady Monk,' indicating the chaplain by a tap on the arm, — ' you must not blame him — that we might take a look into one or two of the cottages yonder, and learn something of their spiritual welfare and creature comforts.' Spiritual welfare and creature comforts of ' the cottage at the north-east corner of the grounds ! ' " Lady Monk knew well enough — or rather let me say in justice to Mrs. Rose, had a sufficiently exaggerated conception of th.e doings at the cottage — to feel thankful that the Archbishop had been stopped short of the particular knowledge he was in search of. Yet once secured, she felt that the Primate was so completely and easily within control, that she hardly concerned herself to consider the excuse she would have to invent by the time they reached the lodge, so as to divert attention from the objectionable corner. But at this moment, the warning notes of the bugle came to her aid, and the party retraced their steps to the drill ground now alive and gay with spectators, and noisy with the chaffing talk of the cadets waiting to ' fall in ' for their last parade at Addiscombe." "Mother" Rose's maiden name was Dorcas Letts, and she was the daughter of a farm labourer. She was born at Coulsdon, in Surrey, on the 26th August, 1809, the very year the Semi- nary at Addiscombe was instituted, so she is now in her 85th year. She married John Rose, a farm labourer, when she was about 27, and in the year 1837 she presented her husband with twin boys, but to her great sorrow lost them both when they were still infants ; and to that and her sweet nature may be attributed the kindly feelings which she always displayed to her youthful guests and patrons. She settled with "John" in her cottage just a fortnight before the birth of H. R. H. the PORTRAIT OF "MOTHER" ROSE. 2.S6 ADD ISC O AIRE Prince" of Wales. At the tinu' I was at collc<^c she was in her 48th year, a comely matron of kindly aspect, who "knew well how to restrain or suf)press a too ardent or emphatic flow of speech." The cadets had great respect for her, and invariably supported her when she took steps to maintain discipline in her cottage. She still possesses the cane with which she used •'MOTHER" k i) .^ h > ( ( ) i T \ G E. to punish cadets who exceeded the bounds of propriety in language or otherwise. She used to sell to the cadets, milk, eggs, bread and butter and such like simple viands, but no beer or spirituous liquors. She also used to pipe-clay the cadets' gloves, and her spare room was used by the "old" and ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 287 "young" cadets, as a species of club where they might converse and smoke in a comfortable manner. As may be imagined, her room was not large, and when packed closely, perhaps as many as 1 5 or 20 might find shelter therein, and then the atmosphere of tobacco was so dense that it was difficult to distinguish a friend at the further end of the room. Of course this crowded condition of the cottage only occurred during the winter months, or when owing to bad weather it was necessary to keep indoors. At other times the visitors would leave the shelter of the cottage and smoke their pipes openly in the garden. In the photograph given of her she is represented standing in the porch of the cottage, over which there was a vine. The room con- tained a fireplace with a window on either side of it, and was furnished with a number of wooden chairs, and a few small tables. The walls were decorated with pictures and prints, entirely the gifts of the cadets themselves — indeed many of the pictures were actually drawn by the donors. I do not know when she had conferred on her the honourable title of "Mother," — but as she first settled in the cottage some 52 years ago, there cannot be many Addiscombe cadets now left who knew Addiscombe without "Mother" Rose. The influence she exercised over the minds of cadets was great, and always in a good direction, and Addiscombe cadets owe her a debt of gratitude which I feel sure will always be heartily acknowledged. That a woman of her class should have been able to retain the respect and affection of such a vast number of cadets, shows in the clearest light that she was a woman of a fine nature. After the close of the College she continued to live for several years in the old cottage — but her husband died, and she then removed to Beddington. Steps were taken 2SS ADDiSCOMBE to render her comfortable for the remainder of her days, and an annuity of ^i6 was j)rocured for her. Owinj^f to the failure of the annuity office this sum was very greatly reduced, and further money has been and is being collected so as to suffice for a weekly sum of js. being provided for her comfort. In 1874 she went to reside at St. Mary's Almshouses, at Wallington, close to Croydon, where she seemed very comfortable when 1 visited her a few months ago. She was placid and contented, much as she was in olden days. She has a small bedroom, and a sitting-room with scullery attached. She gets her quarters free as well as 2s. 6d. a week, and a loaf of bread daily. A short time ago she was quite able to attend to herself, do her own cooking, etc., but on the 28th December, 1892, she suffered from a severe accident: as she was coming from the scullery she stumbled over the thres- hold and fell, breaking her right hand and arm near the wrist. She has recovered from this, but she is not so able as formerly to attend to her business, and a niece is now living with her to assist. Her room is decorated with photos of groups of cadets, etc., and various pictures given her by cadets. A picture of the "rosh," and drawings by Cadets Delafosse, Shuldham, Jopp, Mant and others. 1 especially noted a beautiful drawing by that great artist, Arthur D. Butter, of a pretty girl in a cornfield. " Mother " Rose was greatly interested in hearing about various cadets and asked after many. Her mind was very clear, and her memory good, although she remarked that it was not so retentive as it used to be. It will be remembered that each cadet had a special number at Addis- combe, which he retained during the whole 2 years of residence. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 289 "Mother" Rose had a wonderful faculty of remembering cadets by their numbers rather than by their names. On one occasion a cadet on his return from India, in 1864, after an absence of 1 5 years, revisited Addiscombe, and found all the old buildings and most of the trees swept away to make room for suburban villas. A workman told him that the gymnasium, and "Mother" Rose's cottage were the only ones left of all the old buildings. So he walked towards the latter, and found " Mother " Rose herself standing in the doorway: " Good afternoon, Mother." — "Ah! Sir, you're one of the old lot, I know, but I've forgotten your name." — "Brownlow." — "To be sure, Sir, No. 5," and No. 5 had been his number as a cadet in 1848-42. "Mother" Rose will be delighted to see any old cadet who will pay her a visit, and St. Mary's Hospital is not more than 5 minutes' walk from the station at Wallington, which is but two stations beyond West Croydon. H. H. Wood, the son of the bandmaster, who passed his boyhood at the College, and served there as survey boy, assistant studyman, and barrackman, has sent me a good deal of information regarding the College, and speaks of ''Mother" Rose as "The friend of everybody. '' "Mother" Rose spoke of several of the old servants of the College. She told me that Pallace, who was watchman, was curiously afraid of going home in the dark, and used, whenever possible, to get another man to walk with him. Then she spoke of little "Paddy," and related how he, whose name was Fitz- Gibbon, had a wife called Biddy who used to thrash him ; and that the cadets occasionally made him stand on a table at the Black Horse and sing songs, and how on one occasion, having imbibed too much liquor — he became sleepy and insensible, and that the cadets stowed him comfortably away in a barn 19 290 ADDISCOMBE with some straw for a couch, carried his basket and tin box away so that they might not be stolen from him, and deUvered them into the safe custody of " Mother " Rose. It will be remem- PORTRATT OF "PADDY." bered that he carried oranges, &c., in his basket and gingerbread nuts, &c., in the tin box, so that they were of great consequence to him. On recovering himself he was in great distress at the ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 291 loss of his basket, &c., and went to " Mother " Rose for comfort, when, to his great dehght, his property was restored to him. The picture of him with his glazed straw hat, basket and tin box will interest old cadets. One of the oddest characters at Addiscombe was old " Tarts " (real name Joe Rudge) who had a small shop in Croydon, and who was allowed to come daily to Addiscombe and take up his quarters in a little den just under the staircase up to the For- tification or "Slosh" Hall. Here he sold light refreshments, and used to occupy himself occasionally, when the cadets were in study, by playing with a small ball which he was in the habit of throw'ing against the wall. He had only one eye, having lost the other, as he said, in a very unfair fight with a man who had flung a handful of lime in his face. He was a very quaint fellow, and having been (so he stated) once a prize fighter, had numerous tales of glory for the cadets. "Tarts" much preferred to do business for cash, but often gave credit. He declared that he could neither read nor write, but somehow kept a running account with many of the cadets, and never hesitated for an instant to tell you the state of your score as you picked up a tart from his stall: "That," said he, "makes 3^-. 5<^.," and on the next occasion you paid him a visit you would find his statement of account equally correct. On one occasion a cadet had a long score, running into pounds, and a young lawyer's clerk was sent down hy his guardian to settle it; "Tarts" found it diffi- cult to explain his system of accounts to this young "limb of the law," who could not realize the fact that the account was all clearly mapped out in "Tarts'" head, but he was finally obliged to accept "Tarts'" account in the form of an affidavit which was a more familiar motion to his legal mind than " Tarts' " 292 A D D I S C O M B E head accounts. It is related how on one occasion a cadet, on return from India, revisited Addiscombe, and on seeing " Tarts " said, "Well, 'Tarts,' you don't remember me." "Oh, yes. Sir, 1 do," replied "Tarts;" "you owes me S■^^^" the result being as i © l-'*^ J «p Wk vr^i*>^^^^^^K^g»i^fjW^^ ' !l^^^^^^B~^' '"wfy/' m^^^Hs I^H ife^^r fn GROUP OF "TARTS," "MOTHER CRUST" AND THE BARBER. anticipated by the wily "Tarts," a transfer of coin from the former cadet to "Tarts'" itching palm. On another occasion a cadet, who after leaving the College went into the Church, returned to tlic place and said to Tarts, ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 293 "Do you remember me, 'Tarts'?" "Yes, Sir; you don't owe me nothing," but whether this was due to "Tarts'" excellent memory, or to the clerical garb in which the quondam cadet was now clothed is by no means certain. A cadet once passing by "Tarts'" den, heard him chuckling over his ill-gotten gains, and he said to him, "Hullo, 'Tarts'! what's amusing you?" "Well, Sir," he said, " when I thinks of the quantity of brandy I puts in them there tarts, I fairly laughs y There were two other people who may here be fitly noticed ; first, "Mother Crust", an old woman who used to take her stand with a wheelbarrow not far from "Tarts," and sell bread and butter to the cadets. Her name w^as Knight. Then there was the barber, Byron Clark, who occupied a small room just outside the sub-officers' room — whose duty it was to cut the hair of the cadets, and who sold cheap pomades and scents. His duties must, it would seem, have been very light, as the cadets were allowed to wear their hair much longer than was usual in the army. There used to be another singular character who got assistance from the cadets, a man of the name of Eraser, who was gener- ally known as "Beardie," because he wore a long beard, a very unusual thing in those days. He was a man who spoke correctly, and represented himself as a gentleman. He was, it is believed, well connected, and got some slight help from his relations. He was a sort of King of the beggars, and was referee in the disputes of the tramps. He had a remarkably handsome, though sinister face, and was said to have served as a model for the head of our Saviour. The cadets constantly helped him, and fitted him out, but at last they got tired of this, and threatened that if they found him 294 A D D I S C O M B E on the College side of the railway bridge, they would cut oft his beard. After this, he used to stand mournfully on the bridge looking towards the College, somewhat suggesting the Peri and Paradise. •JUDAS," A STUDY-MAiN. It has been stated that "towards the close of the existence of the College the air and tone of cadets changed very much. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 295 They seemed to have but Uttle respect for the expiring institu- tion. Nothing appeared to have remained sacred to the last of the cadets — men of any standing walked any how about the pavement, that alone was enough to make one shudder, the barber was jeered at, and 'Mother ' Rose's wishes ignored. Then a truly awful story was told of how discipline had relaxed, and even the great David Bruce was trifled with, that figure which in the old times was almost a symbol of Majesty was scoffingly alluded to. '1 say, David,' a degenerate cadet was reported to have said, ' if your stomach was six inches higher what a stunning chest you'd have ! ' " If that story is true, and for my own part I do not believe it for a moment, it was a sure sign of the beginning of the end : in the old days we might have taken liberties with the Honble. Company's Ordnance, dictated to a junior professor the colour of his scarf, ripped off the buttons of the chaplain's surplice, and done many wicked things ; but we could not have done anything to lower the dignity of the sergeant-major, or to wound his feelings." This alteration in the tone of the College, may have been partially due to the knowledge that the College was doomed to be abolished as soon as the amalgamation of the Services was resolved on ; but I am led to believe that another reason was the well-meant but injudicious action of Miss Marsh, in causing a religious revivalist movement in the College which had the effect of forming two antagonistic parties called the reds and the blues. Miss Marsh had been very successful in improving the manners and customs of the navvies on the railways about Croydon ; but when she came to interfere between young edu- cated gentlemen, and those who had been specially appointed to attend to them, the results were disastrous, and those cadets 296 A D D I S C O M B E who belonged to Miss Marsh's party, were mistrusted by the others, and a bitter feehng arose which was not calculated to promote the cause of religion. The Lieut. -Governor was by no means blameless in this matter, for he certainly encouraged Miss Marsh's ministrations against the opinion and without the assent of the Chaplain. His wife went so far as to stand on the bridge on Sundays, when the cadets were going to church, and herself distribute tracts to the cadets. On the lOth December, 1858, for the first time Lord Stanley, M. P., (afterwards Earl of Derby, and lately deceased), the new Secretary of State for India, took the chair at the Public Exam- -ination, and addressed the cadets in a speech so admirably suited to the occasion, as to make this examination one of the most noteworthy that had lately taken place at the College. Sir George Clerk, K.C.B., Under-Secretary of State for India, and Sir Frederick Currie, Vice-President of the Council, were also present with most of the other members of the Council of India, including Sir James Weir Hogg, Bart., Sir Robt. Vivian, K.C.B., Sir Henry Montgomery, Bart., Col. Sir Henry Rawlinson, K.C.B., Col. Sir Proby Cautley, K.C.B., and Messrs. MacNaghten, Mills, Willoughby, Eastwick and Arbuthnot, and Sir Frederick Smith, K.H., M.P., the Public Examiner. Sir Frederick Abbott, C.B., the Lieut.-Governor, and a considerable number of military and general visitors were also present, including Lieut. -General Sir George Pollock, G.C.B., Sir Charles Pasley, K.C.B., the Rev. Sir C. Furnaby, Major-General Sir Harry Jones, K.C.B., Admiral Cory, Major-General Cameron, Major-General Sir Edward Lugard, K.C.B., Portlock, Colonels Russell, C.B., Sandham, R.E., Bainbrigge, Elwyn, Addison, Hogg, Lefroy, Abbott, C.B., Willoughby, C.B., Hancock, Durand, C.B., Wilde ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 297 C.B., Ross, R.E., Simpson, Green, Morris, Harington and Baker, Messrs. R. Campbell, M.P., Sandoz, &c., &c. There were 1 5 cadets brought forward for examination. The PORTRAIT OF SIR FRED. SMITH, K.H., M.P. LAST PUBLIC EXAMINER. number was unusually small on this occasion, as 25 or so of the term had been permitted to proceed direct to India in the Artillery. 298 A D D 1 S C O .M B E Six were reported qualified for the Engineers : William Henry Pierson, George Strahan, Barre John Goldie, John Pennycuick, Chas. Alexr. Sim, Henry Doveton. Eight were reported qualified for the Artillery : John \Vm. Taylor, James A. S. Colquhoun, Samuel S. Jacob, Walter E. Forbes, Fran. W. Major, John F. iNIeiklejohn, Charles D. A. Straker, William A. Warren; and one for the Infantry, Francis W. Collis. Mr. Robert M. L. Hawkins, who had met with a severe acci- dent which prevented him from offering himself for this Exami- nation, at which he was certain to have stood well in the list of successful candidates, was spoken of highly by the Examiner, and especially reserved for examination for the Engineers here- after. The report of the Public Examiner having been read by Mr. Cochrane, the Clerk of the College Committee, the prizes were distributed. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 299 W. H. Pierson, G. Strahan, Robert L. L. Hawkins, John W. Taylor, J. A. S. Colquhoun, W. E. Forbes, E. L. jMarryat, H. C. Rowcroft, A. W. Elliott. J. F. Cookesley, W. J. Heaviside, ist. Class. I The Pollock Medal. I 1st. Mathematics. ) 2nd. Fortification. (2nd. Military Drawing. 1st. Military Surveying. 2nd. Civil Drawing. / 1st. Good Conduct. 2nd. Mathematics. 1st. Fortification. 1st. Military Drawing. 2nd. Military Surveying. 1st. Civil Drawing. 1st. Hindustani. 1st. Photography. Latin. 2nd. Good Conduct. 2nd. Hindustani. French. 2nd. Photography. 2nd. Class. Fortification. i Military Drawing. I Civil Drawing. f Hindustani. i Mathematics. : Military Surveying. ( Latin. French. 3rd. Good Conduct. R. V. Riddcll. 300 ADDISCOMBE 2^rd. Class. 4th. Good Conduct. Mathematics. Fortification. Military Surveying. (Civil Drawing. Hindustani. A. D. Grant, Military Drawing. J. Cruickshank. French. M. H. Saward, Latin. Lord Stanley then addressed the students: "Gentlemen, it is now my duty to express to you the gratification which I and all who are interested in this College, must feel at the very sa- tisfactory report which has been made to me of its present state of discipline. I also wish, in compliance with the old custom of this time and place, to address a few words of counsel and goodwill to those who are about to enter upon a career of ac- tive service in India. It is a task which I willingly undertake, and yet it is one which at the present moment may seem almost superfluous. For to those who have eyes to see and ears to hear, the events of the last two years have spoken, and will speak, with far more force than any words of mine. I do not refer to the political or social causes of the insurrection which has taken place — with those we in this room have nothing to do ; what I mean is this — that the great lesson which we have received must impress on all thoughtful minds more strongly than it ever has impressed before, the peculiarities of the position which an Englishman, especially an Englishman in Civil or Military employment, occupies in the East. Everything in Asia — public safety, national honour, personal reputation — rests on the force of individual character. In Europe, law and routine ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 301 circumscribe the limits of personal action ; — society is stronger than any man in it. But in India, in military life especially, incompetence is never permanently safe from detection, and talent with perseverance need never despair of an opportunity. You have had lately a memorable instance of what I am now saying. General Havelock when the insurrection broke out was a man advanced in years ; his life had been passed in service duly and strictly performed, but still comparatively obscure ; two years ago neither he himself, nor any friend for him, could have anticipated that he would take a place in history. He sought only to do the work that lay before him ; distinction was long delayed ; it came unsought for, but it came at last. "Somewhat similar was the career of Sir George Pollock, the able General who retrieved English honour in Afghanistan. He too, after more than thirty years of ordinary service, in which his military genius found no adequate scope, was selected late in life for the command of an army ; and you all know the result. I dwell upon this because I know that in the life of those who serve the State abroad there are apt to be moments of despondency — increased perhaps by exile and climate — when exertion seems vain and success hopeless, and when even active and enterprising men shirk from the labour of qualifying themselves for positions in which they think they may never be placed. If it should recur to your minds, remember then that you arc only passing through a trial which is common to all who encounter the hazards of a profession whether abroad or at home ; remember that most valuable pub- lic servant. Lord Metcalfe, who reached the highest post of Indian Colonial Administration, once wrote back from India entreating to be allowed to give up a service for which he felt no taste, and in which he had no hope of success. Remember 302 A D D I S C O M B E again that, if common report be not unfounded, the most ilhis- trious soldier of Enghsh or Indian History, the Duke of Welhng- ton himself, at an early period of his career seriously contem- plated abandoning a profession in which he despaired of advantage, and seeking employment of a different kind. And bear this in mind, that when the time of trial arrives— as arrive it will to those who can work and wait — a few months, a few weeks, even a few days may suffice to build up that edifice of fame and success for which the whole previous life has been a training. "But such chances occur only to those who can turn them to account, and for the highest successes even of military life a merely military training is an insufficient qualification. No man, I believe, can be a really efficient General, far less an efficient administrator, who does not closely study the human machinery with which he has to work — the people of the country in which he lives and acts. Do not imagine that your work in that respect is more than l^egun when you have acquired the necessary qualification of language. "Examine native habits, native ideas, native character; do it in a spirit of fairness, and you will gain at least this, even if you gain nothing else, that you will avoid that ignorant and unwise contempt for all that is Asiatic, which politically and personally does Englishmen so much harm in the East. You cannot live, however you may attempt it, in a state of entire indifference to those who surround you in such multitudes. If you do not bear them good-will, you will bear them ill-will ; and as it seems a law of nature that between different races of men, until they get acquainted, a certain repugnance shall exist, so it is equally certain that by better knowledge, if there be only the will to acquire it, that feeling of repugnance is dis- pelled. Were I addressing you this time last year, I should ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 303 add a word of caution against the popular absurdity — for it is no less — which imputed to 1 50 millions of mankind participa- tion in the atrocities of a few criminals and fanatics. But that state of feeling is over in England, it has almost come to an end in India. We are free from the temporary influence of panic and passion, and have learnt to recognize in men like Scindiah, the Rajah of Putteala, the Nizam and his Minister, Salar Jung, and Jung Bahadoor of Nepaul, as well as in our gallant native levies who have fought side by side with Euro- peans with no unequal courage, against rebels and mutineers — the possession of many qualities which may make us well content to hail them as friends and supporters of British power. I have spoken to you, gentlemen, as to men who aspire to and are prepared to struggle for the highest prizes of life ; and I hold it needless, therefore, to warn you against the vulgar temptations of indolence, extravagance or pleasure. Others will tell you — and I believe not in vain — how the brightest prospects may be clouded, and the most vigorous energies impeded by debt hastily and carelessly contracted, and not for long years shaken off. Others will warn you — and I think you will take the warning — that in a climate not naturally congenial to English- men the connection between even a slight violation of tempe- rance and disease of body and mind is far more invariable and certain than at home— I will add only this: remember — though to some of you it may have a startling sound — that for a European gentleman in India there is, strictly speaking, no pri- vate life. He is one of the ruling race, he is one of the few among the many, he is one of a population some 10,000 strong among more than 10 times as many millions. There are, little as he may know or care about it, quick eyes to watch his conduct, and envious tongues ready enough to disparage his 304 ADD IS COM BE nation and his race. This is not a merely personal matter. A single officer who forgets that he is an officer and a gentleman, does more harm to the moral influence of his country than the men of blameless life can do good. To you therefore, in more senses than one, the honour of England in the East is commit- ted. You are the representatives not only of our military strength, but also of our national character. You go forth from a college which has trained through a long series of years, many of the ablest public servants whom this Empire has ever produced. . I hope that its permanence and its prosperity may be equal to its deserts, that you, its latest representatives, may be worthy of those who have gone before ; and that among the names of those whom I address, some at least may live in the records not only of this college, but of this country, connected with honourable exploits of war or with the glory of skilful and successful administration. Gentlemen, I wish you God speed, and I believe that whatever happens you will always do your duty." At the conclusion of his Lordship's address, the noble secre- tary with the visitors proceeded to the Sand Modelling Hall, where there were several beautifully constructed models, of which the chief features and peculiarities were pointed out by the cadets. There was one very good model of two fronts in Vauban's first system, which, with all its minute and rather overestimated advantages of chcmins des rondes and retired flanks, was duly explained by Sub-officer S. Jacob. Those, however, which at- tracted most attention, were those of a fort in Choumara's new system (which is now in good repute upon the continent, though the system itself consists rather in an extension and development of Vauban's ideas than any new arrangement of the author), and a model of the Native Indian fort of Nowah, in the Deccan. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 305 Both of these, especially the latter, were constructed with singu- lar neatness and care. The advantages of Choumara's system were fully and very clearly explained by Gentleman-Cadet Pierson ; while Mr. Doveton gave a fair narrative of the main strength of native forts and the manner in which that of Nowah was taken. To illustrate his account still more forcibly, a small charge of pow- der was sprung under the counterscarp of the miniature stronghold, and the manner in which a very strong place was taken with only the loss of four men, was thus made apparent even to the most "civilian" of visitors. There was also a very fine model of a direct double sap, one third of the real size, and the manner of carrying forward such against the works of the besieged was explained by Mr. Goldie. The display of drawings by cadets this term was much in advance of those exhibited in former years, indeed there was quite an artistic power as well as feeling in their composition. The effect of the drawings as they were placed on the walls was really good, owing to the sweet harmony of the colouring and general tone. Military Drazvings executed by the Cadets — ist. Class. Mr. Stranan Part of Hong Kong. Mr. Pierson do. and a beautiful drawing from a model. Mr. Taylor Part of Hong Kong. Parts of the island off Salsette. Mr. Jacob / Mr. Colquhoun ^ Mr. Forbes \ Mr. Major S Mr. Doveton Part of Hong Kong. Mequineuza in pencil Part of H Mr. Goldie Balaclava. 3o6 ADDISCOMBE Mr. Rowcroft Mr. Elliott Mr. Morant 2iid. Class. Drawings from models. pd. Class. Mr. Grant Mr. Riddel Mr. Swinton Mr. Spragge Also some good elementary subjects in the junior class Good specimens of pencil contouring and shadin" in colours. Mr. Strahan exhibited several beautiful works in water colours of lake scenery, as did also Mr. Pierson, each of whose pro- ductions would do credit to professional skill. The drawings of Messrs. Rowcroft and Riddell were much admired as showing considerable promise of excellence. The photographic depart- ment was well represented, some of the plates being very fine and of admirable texture. After 2 o'clock the cadets assembled, and went through their drill with a steadiness and good order that did the highest credit both to themselves and their tutors. The proceedings of the whole day were altogether of a most satisfactory kind, and gratifying to all. The above account appeared in the "Times" on the iith December, 1858. On the date when I passed out of Addiscombe there was a model of a part of Delhi and the Cashmere Gate. An account was given of the manner in which the Cashmere Gate had been blown in, and at the right moment a small charge of powder was exploded — the cadet who was relating the glorious episode ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 307 perceived that unfortunately the explosive had not had its due effect, and that the gate was still firmly closed — he at once with great presence of mind, and before the smoke had cleared away, knocked in the gate with the point of the wand with which he had been emphasizing his story — and when the smoke cleared away — the interested spectators saw that the explosion had been most successful, and that the gate no longer remained as a bar to the advance of the storming parties. This cadet is now a most highly distinguished officer. Lord Stanley considered it needless to warn the cadets against the temptation of indolence and pleasure, but it is related how, on a former occasion. Colonel W. H. Sykes, a distinguished Chairman of the Court of Directors, who had the interest of the services much at heart, "urged them to continue in the path of duty and honour, and warned them of the temptations they would meet," and wound up his speech by cautioning his hear- ers against undue indulgence in idleness, and describing the customs of some officers " as wandering about from tent to tent, and from bungalow to bungalow drinking pale ale and brandy and water." He was no doubt led to give the cadets this warning by reminiscences of the time when he was in India. The final review being over — it will prove of interest to the reader to tell in the words of the author of "In the Company's Service", how the exuberant spirits of the cadets displayed them- selves, and how calm and peaceful Addiscombe became an hour or so after. "For no sooner had the leading company or senior cadets — now, indeed, virtually commissioned officers — reached the armoury, than a few buoyant spirits intoxicated with the near sight of freedom, throw down their arms and belts anyhow upon the floor, and, careless or derisive of the calls of authority, rush oft to the barrack-rooms, each eager to be the first away. In 3o8 ADDISCOMBE an instant the spark lights up into a blaze, and as each company arrives in turn at the armoury door, and is met l)y the roar and the rush of noisy fugitives, the flame of insubordination spreads, muskets and waist-belts lie in confusion upon the floor, and an unruly mob is tumbling over thorn and flinging others on to the heap. Not even the Staff-Major would have been able to call order now. In a surprisingly short space of time the young men have flung away the garb as well as the temper of servitude. There is a rush of cabs along the leafy Addiscombe Road. Everyone is eager to reach Croydon in time to catch the up train from Brighton, and when the station is reached, timid passengers who are waiting there, and ignorant of their locality, are startled at the uproar, and think that some Bedlam is let loose. But over Addiscombe there has fallen a great calm. The wayfarer on that summer night finding him- self in its neighbourhood, would look with wondering curiosity at the unsightly buildings with their iron-barred windows, huddled together in so fair a spot, and closely encompassing an old mansion of stately proportions, bearing on its front the motto of an ancient family. "And of the noisy crew from whom we have parted, how many, I wonder, yet remain who, with many other events of life al- ready blurred by the haze of years, can recall with vivid dis- tinctness and fidelity the white gates, the tall walnut and chest- nut trees, the level green sward, the football goals, the sunken study court with the turret-clock over the arcade, oft watched by morning sluggards in an agony of haste as the remorseless minute hand kept stealing on and Wood, the bugler, was seen preparing for his blast } It has passed away, and made room for quite different interests and associations. The place thereof shall know it no more. But there are friendships that yet ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 309 remain, and memories still fresh and glowing, of the simple life and boyish aspirations of those two years at Addiscombe. "The scientific soldier of the present day may smile at the rudimentary notions of forty years ago in regard to army edu- cation. But if at any far-distant time military education, in spite of its scientific perfection, should be found with any speck of fault in regard to the enforcement of obedience, or the prac- tice of self-denial or frugality; if ever with all its technical ad- vantages, the training of English officers should tend, by even a little, to prodigality, selfishness or love of ease — in any such event our wise military rulers may perhaps condescend to re- open a closed chapter of our history, and to consider by what singular virtue it came about that Addiscombe with all its short comings and with some obvious faults, was yet an unrivalled nursery of military captains and leaders of men — the school of Henry Lawrence and Eldred Pottinger, Arthur Cotton and Proby Cautley, Atwell Lake and Vincent Eyre, John Jacob and Ballard, Durand and Baird Smith, Robert Napier and Frederick Roberts and a host of men little less celebrated." In 1858 the Government of India was taken over from the grand old Company who had ruled it so long and with such marvellous success, and Lord Stanley was appointed the first Secretary of State for India. Then followed the Amalgamation of the Royal and Indian Services in 1861. It was at first proposed to retain Addiscombe as a military college, and well would it have been for India had this been done, but the authorities of the War Office considered that the establishments at Woolwich and Sandhurst would be sufficient for the wants of the army. On 30th August, 1 861, by direction of the Secretary of State for India, Addiscombe College and grounds were sold 3IO ADDISCOMBE by auction at the auction mart opposite the Bank of Eni,»lancl. The property had originally been purchased for ^16,605, but in 1823 five additional acres had been bought for ;!^955, and in 1830 24 acres more which had been rented by the Com- pany for the j)revious 24 years at an annual cost of ^92 10s., were added to the demesne at a cost of_;^4,562. The cost of the property exclusive of the barrack buildings was thus ^22,122. The British Land Company bought the whole property for ;^33,6oo, removed all the barrack buildings as well as the noble mansion-house, and covered the whole extent with villas. The space is traversed by 5 roads running from the upper road to the lower one. The names given to these roads are Canning, Outram, Clyde, Elgin and Havelock. These names seem to me most inapi)ropriate, as although they are intimately associated with memories of the suppression of the revolt in India in 1857-58, they in no way recall Addiscombe, as none of the names selected are those of men brought up at the College. The last public examination on the old lines took place in December, i860, when the last cadets ai)pointed to the Indian Engineers and Artillery passed from the College. The final examination took place on 7th Jime, 1861, when the Pollock Medallist was Cadet W. J. Williamson, who was appointed to the Bengal Infantry. On this occasion Sir Charles Wood, who was Secretary of State for India, presided, and delivered a funeral oration on the breaking-up of the College, as follows : " Gentlemen, this is the third and, I am afraid, the last time 1 shall have the honour to address the cadets assembled in this room. Various changes have occurred under which it has been thought desirable that this Indian College of Addiscombe shall cease to exist ; not that it has failed — as, I believe, it has well fulfilled all the purposes for which it was established, having The Unemployed in front of the Horse Guards sing in chorus : "We've got no work to do — o — o!" Draw7i by Lt. Luard. CARICATURE OF SIR FRED. ABBOTT AND OTHERS. 312 A D D IS C O iM B E existed for more than half a century. In the address of the Council of Military Education it has been stated that it will be for the benefit of the service that the various arms of the Indian army should be consolidated into one army, but, never- theless, it is not without feelings of great pain that I address for the last time the cadets of Addiscombe. The high testi- mony borne in the report of the Conunittee of the Council of Military Education, as to the kind and able co-operation and assistance which ihey have received in the discharge of their duties from the Lieut. -Governor, Major-General Sir Frederick Abbott, as well as from the professors of the College in con- ducting their examination is highly creditable to them, as they (the committee) might have expected (however unfounded that suspicion might have been) a partiality for that service to which they have been attached so long. " Therefore, when the Council of Military Education bear such independent and impartial testimony to the satisfactory manner in which the education at Addiscombe has been carried out, it possesses more value, because of the independence and impar- tiality with which that opinion has been given. The records of our Indian Empire bear ample testimony, if there were no other, to the success which has attended the education of this College, and the best proof of the success of this establishment is to be found in the number of distinguished officers who have been trained within its walls. Without going back to the more remote times, 1 may refer to the severe trials which fell upon our Indian Empire by the Mutiny of 1857, and on that occa- sion those who were the most remarkable for their exertions, gallantry, bravery, and skill were those distinguished officers who were trained within the walls of Addiscombe College. I hardly know whether I should be justified in naming particular ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE jM persons, as it might appear invidious where all have behaved so well, to select them ; but I will venture to speak of Sir Henry Lawrence, Sir Robert Napier, Sir Archdale Wilson, to whom Delhi fell, and other officers whom I would willingly name, but I am afraid if I were to do so, it might appear that I had selec- ted them with less discrimination that I should like to show on the present occasion. In every branch of the service the warm- est testimony has been given by the Authorities of India to the gallant conduct of the gentlemen educated in this College. Recently, Lord Canning in conferring the V. C. on one of the Engineer officers, spoke of him in the highest and warmest terms, for whether in civil or military engineering, Addiscombe has never been excelled, and I may say that the skill with which the sieges have been conducted by the Engineers of India, exceeded that of any other country in the world. One of the judges from the Bench took occasion to say that he believed 'the Madras Engineers would construct a dam on a quicksand,' but if they could not exactly do that, they would approach as near to it as human practicability would enable them to do. "Gentlemen — those of you who are proceeding from this Col- lege, having passed the tests of examination and qualified your- selves for your duties, will follow in the footsteps of those who have preceded you in the College, and bear its fame throughout the career which is now open to you; and I trust that the last who will leave this College will prove that they have in no respect degenerated from those who formerly left its halls. I am sorry that this College is to cease to exist, for in former times it was a perfect model of military education. The prizes, the very best military prizes, have been awarded to those officers who have distinguished themselves by the education they obtained at Addiscombe, and those who have not been 314 ADDISCOMBE fortunate enough to obtain prizes, possessed a better education than most other gentlemen of the miHtary service. " Therefore I say that I am sorry that this college is to cease to exist, not from any fault of its oivn^ but from other con- siderations, for it has preserved its character as a college af- fording the best military education which this countty, or any other country, ever possessed. " Sir Fredk. Abbott wishes me to read the words of Lord Canning on the occasion of conferring the V.C. on Major Mc- I.eod hines, which are highly creditable and honourable not only to the distinguished person to whom they were addressed, but to the whole corps to which he belonged ; and, as far as I know of Indian affairs, they are well deserved. " Lord Canning said, ' I must add that it is a peculiar pleasure to me to present thi.s Cross to an officer of the Bengal Engi- neers, for I say to you — not as a compliment, but in the words of sober truth — that I do not believe that there ever has existed in any army, a body of men who have rendered individually and collectively, more constant and valuable good service to their country, than the Engineers of Her Majesty's Indian Forces. Men, all of them, of proved ability and highly cultivated intel- lect, they have been unceasingly called upon in peace, as much as in war, to achieve great tasks for the protection and advance- ment of India, and they have never been found wanting. That when summoned to meet an enemy in the field, they can carry their lives in their hands as lightly as any man, your own deeds and those of many of your brother-officers have abun- dantly proved. It is in itself a distinction to belong to such a corps, and you, Major Innes, have the proud satisfaction to know that while you have derived honour from being enrolled among the Engineers of the Army of Bengal, you have done all that a ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 315 gallant soldier can do to repay that honour, in augmenting by your own acts the lustre and reputation of your distinguished regiment.' "Those were the words of Lord Canning, and I trust the time may come when every one of you will be addressed in a simi- lar manner." And now, having traced the progress of the College from its institution in 1809 to its close in 1861, a period of fifty-two years, it remains to point out the results obtained, and to show how great a success rewarded the Court of Directors in produc- ing for their services in the East a grand succession of military leaders, statesmen and administrators almost unrivalled in the history of our country. During the 52 years of its existence about 3,600 cadets passed out from Addiscombe College, of these over 500 were posted to the Engineers, nearly 1,100 joined the Artillery, and about 2000 proceeded to India in the Infantry, a few of whom were afterwards appointed to the Cavalry. Old Addiscombe cadets have, almost without an exception, an abiding affection for the old College and always deeply regret that it was considered necessary to abolish it. They have a happy recollection of their sojourn there, and consider that those days were the happiest times of their lives. One cadet writes, " Scarcely anything now remains to remind us few survivors of a place and institution where so many spent such happy days, and met so many friends. Concerning every one of those I met at Addiscombe, there is absolutely nothing unpleasant or disagreeable to relate." I can cordially endorse this favourable remark, and I feel sure that most Addiscombe cadets are of the same opinion. Considering the strict discipline to which they were subjected, 3i6 ADDISrOMBK and the homely tare and accommodation which was provided for them, it may seem strange to many, that Addiscombe cadets should have such a tender regard for their old college ; but from the many letters I have received, it is clear that reminiscences of the College are ever welcome to Addiscombe cadets, afford them real pleasure, and awaken kindly genial feelings, recalling as they do the buoyant friendships of their youth. These feelings of affection are still so fresh because at the time they were at Addiscombe the cadets were just growing into manhood, and it was then they formed those friendships which have lasted ever since. There was always a generous and manly tone about the College, and this generated in the minds of the cadets in after-life a constant anxiety always to do their duty fearlessly and well, and thus be of service to their Queen and country and add lustre to their old college. It is this most healthy feeling which has enabled such a large number of Addiscombe men to rise to high distinction in the annals of India, and I feel sure that, if the lives of all Addi.s- combe cadets could be written, it would be found that very many besides those known to fame, had manfully endeavoured to do their duty, and that the Addiscombe roll of fame and glory might be largely extended beyond what is possible now. Another reason for the great success of the College was, I think, that its promoters (the Court of Directors), its staff, professors and its cadets were all gentlemen in the highest sense of the word, and hence the excellent tone and principles governing the whole institution. The motto inscribed on the mansion-house has ever been kept unsullied by them NON FACIAM VITIO CULPAVE MINOREM. A LIST OF ORDERLY OFFICERS AND A BRIEF RECORD OF THE SERVICES OF DISTINGUISHED OFFICERS ALSO NAMES OF ALL CADETS WHO PASSED THROUGH ADDISCOMBE. LIST OF ORDERLY OFFICERS. After Sir Fredk. Abbott's appointment the following officers were appointed orderly officers. Lt. A. Pond, B.N.I. , W. N. Dyctt, Bo. N.I., January, 1850. January, 1850. (Now a Milit- ary Knight of Windsor. Died March, 1894). January, 1852. July,i852.(NowV.C.,K.C.B.) July, 1853. 1854- January, 1855. Mar., 1855. ( AfterwardsC.B. ) Augt., 1856. July, 1857. Sept., 1857. 1858. 1858. (Now Sir G. Arm- strong, Bart.) i860. 1861. At the close of the College the orderly officers were Lieut. ,, T. T. Haggard, Willm. Olpherts, B.A., ,, Ed. H. Couchman, M.A., E. MilUgan, B.A., Bt. Capt. Mainwaring, M. N. I., Lt. H. H. Maxwell, B.A., J. S. Gibb, B.A., H. M. Smith, B.A., L. Lawder, M.N.I., Capt. A. P. Toogood, 2nd Enr., Lt. G. C. H. Armstrong, B.N.I.. T. Heathorn, Bo. A., ,, C. H. Luard, B.E., ^20 A D D I S r O M R E (now Captain Sir George) Armstrong, and Lieut, (now Colonel) Charles II. Liiard, R.E. The former had held the post for 3 PORTRAIT OF LT. ARMSTRONG, LAST ORDERLY OFFICER. years, and w^as so greatly respected by and popular with the cadets that they presented him with a sword at the close of the College. SERJ'ICES OF DISTINGUISHED OFFICERS. During the Mahratta War of 1817-19 no less than 10 officers of the Madras Engineers served against the enemy, all of them with great distinction. These were Dates of Commission. Thomas Davies, 10 Nov\, 1809. John Coventry, 22 Dec, ,, Alexr. Anderson, ,, ,, ,, John W, Nattes, Alexr. Grant, 7 July, 18 10. John Purton, 11 June, 181 1. James Oliphant, 5 July, 18 14. Geo. J. Jenkins, 11 July, 181 5. James J. Underwood, 9 April, 18 16. Edward Lake, ,, ,, ,, Thomas Davies obtained his commission in 1809. Although the Seminary had at the time been started, he was not educated at Addiscombe but passed his final examination there. He greatly distinguished himself, being Comdg. Engineer at the sieges of Nagpore, Rajdeir, Trimbuck and Malligaum. He was twice wounded, and finally killed at Malligaum, when he had served but 8 years. John Coventry served in Java in 1 8 1 1 , was Comdg. Engineer at the siege of Asseerghur and died 8th Dec, 1821. 21 322 ADD I SC OM lib: Alexr. Anderson served in Java in 1811, was present at the battle of Mchidpore, sieges of Talneir (woundedj, Chanda, Mundela, &c., and retired from the service Mayj 1832. Both he and Coventry on their way to India were engaged on 3rd July, 1810, in a severe naval action between 2 French frigates and a corvette and 3 Indiamen. After an engagement which lasted 6 hours, two of the Indiamen were captured, but the "Astell," in which they sailed, made her escape. The loss of the India- men was 22 killed and 75 wounded, while the French lost 22 killed and 38 wounded. Alexr. Grant served at the sieges of Singhur, Sholapore and Copal Droog. He was afterwards engaged in the Burmese War in 1824-25 and died at Prome, 20th May, 1825. John VV. Nattes served at the sieges of Nagpore, Rajdeir, Trimbuck, and Malligaum. He was shot dead at Malligaum, while leading the assault. John Purton, C.B., was at battle of Meliidpore and sieges of Talneir, Rajdeir, Trimbuck, Malligaum and Asscerghur. At Malligaum he was severely wounded. At the Queen's coronation he was nominated a C.B., and retired 15th Sept., 1834, aged 44. James Oliphant served at the sieges of Nowah and Copal Droog, where he was greatly eulogised. He was afterwards Sui)g. Engineer at Hydrabad and built the bridge over the Moosa River, when he received the thanks of the Governor-General. He retired 17th Dec, 1838. He was a director of the II. E.I. Com- pany from 1844-1856, and held the post of Chairman in 1854. He died June, 1881. George J. Jenkins died of fever during the Mahratta cam- paign, at Akowla, near the Poornah, 4th Dec, 18 17. James J. Underwood served at the sieges of Trimbuck and Malligaum, where he was wounded. He retired 1st Jan., 1845. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 323 Edward Lake, son of Admiral Sir Willoughby Lake, K.C.B., R.N., was baptized 5th Aug., 1798. He served at the sieges of Talneir, Rajdeir, Trimbiick (severely wounded), Malligaum, Jilpy Amneir, and Asseerghur. Lake afterwards served in Burmah, in 1824-25, was engaged at the capture of Rangoon, and was employed in many expeditions including these of Puilaing and Kymendine. In 1825 he was appointed Town Major of Fort Cornwallis and Supg. Engineer of the island. Subsequently he was Military Secre- tary and A.D.C., to Mr. FuUarton, the Governor of Penang. He embarked for England in the "Guildford" the end of 1829 with his wife and two young children. The ship foundered at sea, and nothing was ever heard of them again : a most brilliant career was thus cut short at the age of 3 1 . He wrote an account of the "Sieges of the Madras Army" during the Mahratta War. In this book full details will be found of the services of the Madras Engineers during the war. Blacker's "Mahratta War" may also be referred to and a shorter account will be found in the "Military History of the Madras Engineers." Of the 10 officers of the Madras Engineers engaged in the Mahratta War, 2 were killed (one previously wounded) i died of fever, and 4 were wounded, one of them on 2 occasions). Lieut. William Chisholini, Madras Artillery, obtained his commission in the Madras Artillery in 1 8 1 1 . At the close of 1817, Chisholm was with a force at Seroor, 54 miles from Poona. At 8 p.m. 31st Dec, 1817, he marched in command of 2 guns, with a small force under Capt. Staunton to re-inforce Col. Burr at Poona. At 10 a.m. on ist Jan., 18 18, they reached the high ground overlooking Corygaum, halfway between Seroor and Poona, when they found themselves confronted 324 ADD IS COM HI". by the entire army of the Peishwa, consisting of 20,000 Cavalry and 8000 Infantry. They took post in the village of Cory gaum, and defended it during the whole day. At 9 p.m. the Arabs, who had been fiercely engaged in the attack, sullenly withdrew. Staunton at nightfall on 2nd Jan., retired to Seroor and re- entered it at 9 a.m. on the 3rd with colours flying, drums beating, and his 2 guns. Chisholm and most of his men were killed in this glorious defence. A full account of this most brilliant engagement will be found in Blacker's " Mahratta War." It will suffice here to state that the officers engaged were Capt. Staunton, Comdg., Lt. William Chisholm, Madras Artillery (killed), Asst. Surgn. Wingate (killed), Lieut, and Adj. Pattinson (died of his wounds), Lieuts. Connellan and Swanston (severely wounded), Lt. Jones and Asst. Surgeon Wyllie. Of these -, 1809, went to Addis- combe in 1823, and obtained his commission on i6th June, 1825. He arrived in India Nov., 1826, and in Jan., 1828, was ap- pointed Supg. Engineer at Jaulna. On 19th June, 1834, he had to return to Europe on sick leave. He came back to India through Persia, arriving at Bombay on 4th Feb., 1838. On 6th July following he was appointed to the command of the Sappers, and in Aug., 1839, became Comdg. Engineer to the field-force assembled at Adoni for the campaign against Kurnool. He was present at the action of Zoraporc iSth Oct., 1839, and was men- ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 391 tioned in Col. Dyce's despatch of that date. After the capture of Kurnool, Capt. Pears remained there with his Sappers for some little time. Soon after the close of this campaign he went on service to China, and on ist July, 1840, was appointed Field Engineer. On 21st Feb., 1841, he was permitted to pro- ceed to India on urgent private affairs, but returned and resumed his appointment as Field Engineer on the 24th Sept., 1841. In 1840 he was present at the capture of Chusan, and in 1841 Comdg. Engineer under Sir Hugh Gough. He served in every action from the time he rejoined till the end of the war, ex- cept Amoy. He was specially mentioned for judgment and gal- lantry in placing the powder bags at Chapoo ; was repeatedly mentioned in despatches by Sir Hugh Gough, and rewarded by a Bt. Majority and C. B., 23rd Dec, 1843. On his return he was employed in the P. W. D., and in Jan., 1847, ^^'^s appointed to act Supg. Engr., Mysore Division. Two years after he was posted member of the Military Board ; in Oct., 1850, was ordered to survey and report on the lines of railway proposed for the Madras Presidency, and was afterwards, in 1852, appointed the first Consulting Engineer for Railways in Madras. In May, i860, he became Chief Engineer in Mysore, and Secretary to the Chief Commissioner, Sir Mark Cubbon. He retired from the service 8th February, 1861, but succeeded Gen. Sir Wm. Baker as Military Secretary at the India Office, when that officer was appointed Member of Council. In Jan., 1865, he was awarded a good service pension. In 1871 he was appointed a K. C. B., and retired in 1877 from his post at the India Office. He died in 1892, in his 84th year. He attained the rank of Colonel on the loth Feb. 1856, and Major-Genl. on the 8th Feb. 1861. 392 ADDISCO.MIiE Colonel Robert Henderson, C. B., Madras Engineers, son of Sir Robert Henderson, was born 7th Aug., 1808, entered Addiscombe 1823, and obtained his commission 16 Dec, 1825. In 1 841 he was appointed to the command of the C. Co. Madras Sappers, which was at that time with Gcnl. England's force. He joined it at Dadar in Nov., 1841, and on 22 Dec. was appointed to act as Field Engineer to the force in Scinde. At this time they (the Sappers) were engaged in repairing the Fort at Sibi. On 4th Apr., 1842, they arrived at Ouetta, where they were engaged up to Sept. in constructing fortifications. They then went to Shikarpore and Sukkur, and in Jan., 1843, marched with Sir Charles Napier's force, employed in making roads for the passage of artillery. Capt. Henderson and Lt. Boileau were employed with 30 Sappers in the destruction of the fort of Emaumghur in the desert, and on 17th Feb., 1843, were present at the battle of Meeanee, on which occasion Capt. Henderson captured one of the enemy's standards. On 20th Feb. possession was taken of the fort of Hyderabad, and the Madras Sappers assisted in erecting a flag-staff and hoisting the British flag upon the top of its highest tower. They w-ere now employed in repairing and improving the fort, and the detachment that accompanied Gcnl. Nott to Cabul having joined from Ferozeporc, the whole company was present at the battle of Hyderabad on 24th Mar., under the command of Henderson. After the battle Henderson marched with his company, accompanied by the 25th Bombay N. I., 100 miles into the desert, and was present at the surrender of Oomercote. In beginning of Apr. he returned to Hyderabad, and from that time till 25th March, 1S44, fwhen they quitted the country) ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 393 detachments of the company were sent to all the principal stations in Lower Scincle, and employed in various public works, such as building forts, erecting barracks, constructing a stone pier at Kurrachee. The following general order by Sir Charles Napier, will show how much he appreciated the services of Henderson and his Sappers. " Capt. Henderson and officers, N. Co., and privates of the Madras Sappers and Miners — you have earned laurels in Scinde. No troops have more honourably conducted themselves. Associated in all the glories of the Bombay army, you leave this country regretted by your com- panions — you have served under my immediate command for a year and a half — your labours during our march into the desert were greater than those of any other troops, and were undergone with spirit. You did your duty bravely in the battles of Meeanee and Hyderabad. In the former of these two actions you were conspicuously placed, and nobly acquitted yourselves. I regret to lose you, but justice to you after your hard service has made me send you to your own homes, where an honour- able reception awaits you. Go where you will, you will be attended with my sincere regard, and my heartfelt respect. To my friend. Captain Henderson, I have given a letter for the Commander-in-Chief of the Madras Army that his Lordship may be aware of your worth." Sir Charles Napier promised to recommend Henderson for a Bt. Majority and C.B., when he should attain the rank of Captain, and these honours he obtained on the 27th Feb., 1846. He was also made honorary A.D.C. to the Governor-General, Sir Henry Hardinge. He attained the rank of Col. Nov., 1856, and was afterwards appointed Chief Engineer at Hyderabad in the Deccan, which post he retained till his retirement 25th Sept., 1861. He died on his way to England shortly after. 394 A D D I S C O M B E Colonel Sir Henry Atwell Lake, K.C.B., Madras Engineers, 3rd son of Sir James Lake, Bart., 5th in descent from Sir ICdward Lake, Chancellor of the Diocese of Lincoln, who fought at the battle of Naseby, received no less than 16 wounds, and was created a baronet by Charles I. in consideration of his zeal and loyalty. Henry Atwell Lake was born 15th Dec, 1808, entered Addiscombe in 1824, and received his commission on 15th Dec, 1826, on his 1 8th birthday. He arrived in hidia in 182S, and on 13 Jan., 1829, was appointed Asst. to the Supg. Engineer with the Doab field-force. Two years after he was obliged to proceed to England on account of his health, and did not return till 1834. On this occasion he was entrusted with important papers for the Indian Government, and left England on 5 Feb. He travelled by sea to Alexandria and thence, via Cairo and the Red Sea, to Bombay, which he reached on 1 5 April. He was then appointed to the P.W'.D., but in June, 1836, resigned his appointment owing to ill health, and was appointed Adjt. to the Corps of Engineers. Next year we find him in charge of of the work at the Paumbum Straits, between India and Ceylon. In Jan., 1839, he again went to Europe on sick leave, his work at Paumbum having been considered very creditable to him. He again returned to Madras in April, 1842, and was appointed Civil Engineer. On 20th Oct., 1845, ^^^ ^^'^s directed to inves- tigate the" subject of the Kistna Dam. Having a large charge to attend to, and not being provided with an assistant, he was unable to take up this subject till April, 1846. He found it necessary to take many lines of levels and examine the river most carefully, so that it was not possible for him to complete his work satisfactorily till 3rd July, 1847, when he sent in an ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 395 elaborate report with estimates and plans. Lake's scheme was reported on with approval by Major A. (now Sir Arthur) Cotton in March, 1848, as also by the Secy, to the Board of Revenue, Capt. (now Col.) J. H. Bell. A Committee was appointed to report on the subject — consisting of Capts. E. Buckle, J. H. Bell, and C. Orr of the Engineers and Messrs. H. Stokes and H. Forbes of the Civil Service. In Jan., 1849, they sent in their report, and warmly approved of the design with some modifications, and the works were accordingly sanctioned by the Court of Directors in Jan., 1850. In Aug., 1854, Col. Fenwick Williams, C.B., was appointed British Commissioner in Asia Minor, and before the end of the year applied for 3 officers to assist him, one of the Engineers, one Artillery, and a third from the Infantry. Bt. Major H. Atwell Lake was appointed, and on 31st March, 1855, assumed charge of the post at Kars. It was not till the middle of April that Lake was enabled to make a proper inspection of the fortifica- tions, as the snow had not sufficiently disappeared. Lake had full powers to remodel the fortifications, and construct such new works as he might consider necessary. About the middle of Apr. 500 men were at work on the entrenched lines. The Engineer Stores were very inadequate, but in spite of this, a new line of breast work was marked out in some places, and the whole put into a thorough state of repair. The necessary openings were protected, and the batteries bearing on the several roads were strengthened, added to and altered. All were closed at the gorges and provided with magazines ; chevaux de frise were put up in each battery, and many small works were con- structed for the purpose of flanking fire. A new battery was built on the slope of the Karadagh, and a large redoubt, which commanded the river and its bridges, and 396 ADIMSCO.MBK a great part of the town. Two large magazines were made under the traverses. In nearly all the batteries the parapets were composed of loose stone well packed, thickly covered with earth, well beaten down and turfed, so that the strength of the work was enormous. A large enclosed redoubt, called Vassif Pasha Tabia, was made with command of the river, bridges, and greater part of the town. On the site of Veli Pasha a very formidable redoubt was built, capable of containing a garrison of 2 or 3,000 men, and a strong block-house was constructed in the gorge, large enough to hold 300 men. This was called by the Turks, Fort Lake, and from this to the river along the heights 3 lunettes were built — the whole forming the " Ingliz" batteries. The fortifications on the Karadagh were much strengthened. Arab Tabia was put into a state of defence, and a redoubt built in the centre com- manding the w'hole work. During the whole time that these works were being carried on the officers had other various duties, procuring information regarding plans of the enemy, examining deserters, and supervising the drill of the garrison, which consisted of 10,000 infantry, 1,500 artillery and 1,500 cavalry, the last very badly equipped. The artillery and infantry were good. On 7th June Genl. Williams and his staff arrived at Kars. On i6th June, the great day of the Beiram, the Russians made an attempt to get into the lines by a cotip de main ; but being checked, they retreated, and camped at Zemikeni, 8 miles from Kars. The duty was now most severe. Torrents of rain fell, and in some parts of the camp the water stood a foot deep. Lake patrolled the lower works from midnight till 3 a.m., when Williams visited all the most important posts. On 1 8th June the Russians advanced to 3 ','2 miles .south of the town. They were 40,000 strong with a large field-train, but no heavy ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 397 guns, and were commanded by Genl. Mouravieff. The defences having now been completed to a certain extent, it was resolved to fortify the heights of Tachmash, about a mile to the west of Fort Lake. Mouravieff having reconnoitred the works, was convinced that the position could not be carried without great loss, and he therefore decided on a blockade. During the next 2 or 3 months the Russians made several reconnaissances in force, but no serious engagement took place, and meantime the fortifications were strengthened in many respects. In Aug. the men's rations were reduced, desertion began to increase, and an order was issued that desertion would be punished with death. Hitherto the garrison had been unusually healthy, but it was now attacked by cholera, and 1,000 of the garrison were caried off by it. On 23 rd Sept. a Chief of the Bashi Bazouks forced his way with 6 followers into Kars, and brought the news that the south part of Sebastopol had fallen, and that Omar Pasha had said he would come to the relief of Kars in 20 days ; but week after week passed without signs of succour. At 4 a. m. on 29 Sept. it w'as reported that the Russians were advancing to the attack. While the heights of Tachmash were being attacked — a force appeared advancing against Kanli Tabia, but Lake found this w'as only a feint and he proceeded to Vasif Pasha Tabia. The enemy per- servered in their attempts to take Tachmash and Yuksuk Tabia, and at 6.45 another column advanced against the " Ing- liz" Tabias. The Russians succeeded in taking the English bat- teries. Lake now proceeded to Fort Lake, and assumed super- intendence of the operations there. Re-inforcements now arriv- ed from Fort Lake, and from Arab Tabia ; they gallantly charged the enemy, and drove them out at the point of the 39H AODKSCOMBE bayonet. The loss of the Turks was considerable, but the slaughter among the enemy was fearful. The battle on Tach- mash heights was carried on with persevering courage. Had the Russians succeeded in capturing Fort Lake, it would have been impossible for the Turks to hold Tachmash Tabia, as their rear would have been under the guns of Fort Lake. A gallant attempt was made by the Russians ; they were, however, forced to retire with heavy loss. But the fight still raged round Tachmash Tabia. The last hour of the battle was carried on with ammunition obtained from the Russian dead. The Rus- sians now gave the order to retire, but it was too late, Genl. Williams and Col. Lake had both sent re-info rcements ; these met and iiumediately charged the enemy, and drove him before them. Major Teesdale now led a charge, the brave garrison of Tachmash Tabia rushed furiously out, and a Russian regiment seemed to melt before them, and the ground was covered with the killed and wounded. The Turks could not be stopped till they got to the bottom of the hill, but the affair was then over. Having no cavalry worth the name, the Turks could not pursue. The number of Turki-sh troops engaged did not exceed 10,000 men, while the Russians numbered at least 30,000. The defence is worthy of record in military history, when it is considered that the garrison had been living for months on less than half rations. The firmness of the enemy was worthy of praise, for they fought for more than 7 hours exposed to a very heavy fire of musketry and artillery. The loss of the Turks in killed and wounded was 1 200, besides a number of Bashi Bazouks, but the losses of the Russians were enormous, 10 to 12,000 killed and wounded, 250 officers among them. On 3rd Oct., 4 days after the battle, they buried 6,250 Russians and more still remained. Cholera now returned, and 70 or So men died daily. Days ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 399 passed by, but no succour appeared, nor did the Russians move from their position. Lake received the 2nd class of the Medjidie, and was named a Genl. of Brigade in the Turkish army. On 2nd. Nov., 1855, Lord Clarendon wrote, " It is my agreeable duty to convey to you (Genl. Williams) and to the British officers under your com- mand, the cordial approbation of the Queen and Her Majesty's Government, for the energy, perseverance, and valour with which for many months and under circumstances of extraordinary dif- ficulty, you have laboured with Lt.-Col. Lake, Major Teesdale, and Capt. Thompson, together with Mr. Churchill and Dr. Sandwith, to sustain the spirit and discipline of the Turkish troops, and to place the defences of Kars in a state to resist successfully the attack of the Russian army." Provisions were now running short, cholera disappeared, but famine took its place, and there were many desertions among the sentries. On 31st Oct. letters were received from Selim Pasha announcing his arrival at Erzeroum, and it was now sup- posed the Russians must raise the blockade. Williams had horses killed near his quarters at night, and the flesh was sent to hos- pital to make soup. In the middle of Nov. snow began to fall. Lake and Teesdale took it in turn to remain out all night, so as to send Williams a report the moment anything of importance took place. Their stock of wood came to an end, and they had to destroy houses to get some. Every possible contrivance was resorted to to make the stores last till succour should arrive, but day after day elapsed and no symptom of Selim Pasha's army appeared. Affairs at Kars were now as bad as they well could be. A retreat was discussed — but it was decided that the troops had become too enfeebled by sickness and want of proper nourishment. On 25th Nov. Genl. Williams went to the Russian 400 A D D 1 S C O M B E camp, and a rough draft of the terms under which the fortress was to be given up, was drawn out. The terms were carried into effect on 2Sth Nov. ; on the night of surrender Lake was billeted on Col. Kauffmann, the Comdt. of Sappers. On 30th Nov. Col. Lake and Capt. Thompson commenced their journey to Russia, reaching Tifiis on 8th Dec. From this place Lake and Thompson were to go to Penza, 700 miles east of Moscow. By the ist Feb. they were in Rus- sia itself, and by the 20th they reached Penza. Here they were treated most hospitably. On the 30th March, after 6 weeks' so- journ, they were told they were no longer prisoners of war. On the 13th April they travelled by road to Moscow, and thence by rail to St. Petersburg; left the Russian capital on 31st May, and landing at Hull were received most kindly and enthusiastically. Atwell Lake was, on 24th June, 1856, appointed A. D. C. to the Queen with the rank of Colonel in the army. He was also made a C.B. As a recognition of his distinguished services the East India Company granted him a special allowance of ;^ 100 a year. Lake was subsequently appointed to be Chief Commissioner of the Dublin Metropolitan Police. He was besides promoted to be a K.C.B. and an officer of the Legion of Honour. He retired from the Chief Commissionership in 1876, and died at Brigh- ton, 17th Aug., 1 88 1, in his 73rd year. Sir Atwell Lake was twice married, and left six sons and two daughters. Two of his sons are in the Navy, one in the Royal Engineers, and one in the Artillery. General Sir George Hall McGregor, K.C.B., Bengal Artillery, son of Lt.-Col. J. A. P. McGregor, was born ist May, 1810, went to Addiscombe in 1824, and obtained his commission on 15th ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 401 June, 1826. On 7th March, 1836, he was appohited A.D.C. to the Governor-General; in Aug., 1838, was made Pohtical Agent at Jellalabad, and accompanied the army of the Indus to Afghan- istan. On the 1st Jan., 1839, he was appointed Asst. to the Envoy, Sir Wm. McNaghten. He was present at the operations of Sir John Keane's army, and at the capture of Ghuzni, and received the 2nd Class of the Order of the Dooranee Empire for his services. On the 3rd June, 1840, he was again appointed Political Agent at Jellalabad, and on 19th Aug. Lt.-Col. Wheeler commanding at Kudjah bore testimony to Capt. McGregor's gallant bearing. In Sept. he was with a force under Lt.-Col. Oliver to punish the rebels in the Zoormat Valley. On his return from the Zoormat Valley on nth Oct., he was directed by McNaghten to start for Monteith's camp in Khoord Cabul Valley. The Envoy had great trust in him, as he had accompanied him to Lahore and Loodiana on the Mission to negotiate the tripartite treaty, and had subsequently been employed in political superintendence of the country between Cabul and Jellalabad, where he had won the respect and affec- tion of the tribes. Sale now appeared with two more infantry regiments, guns and cavalry, and the whole force went on to Tezeen. Here McGregor opened communication with the rebel chiefs. McGregor, accompanied by Capt. Paton, and unguarded, visited the camp of the insurgents, and hoped he had made a satisfactory arrangement, but in spite of this the attacks were unceasing. On the lOth Nov. McGregor received a requisition from the Envoy to bring back Sale's Brigade. It was deter- mined that it would be impossible to return; it was resolved that the brigade should throw itself into Jellalabad, and on the 13th Sale took possession of that fortress. McGregor was Political Agent with Sale, and his able and determined political 26 402 ADDISCOMBE management entitled him to the highest admiration. McGregor with his wonted activity was playing the part of Commissariat Officer well — bringing all his great political influence to bear upon the important business of the collection of supplies. He was present at the defeat of the Afghans under Akbar Khan by the garrison of Jellalabad on 7th April, 1842, and on that occa- sion " handsomely offered his services with No. 6. Field Battery, and was most useful in serving the guns." Sale remarked, ''By aid of his local experience, and through his influence and measures, our Dak communication with India was restored, and a great quantity of grain collected. McGregor cheerfully rendered very able assistance in working the guns in every crisis of pressing danger. In his own Dept. his labours were unremitting, and their results I may be allowed to appre- ciate." The Governor-Genl., on 8th June, specially acknowledged his able services as Political Agent. On Pollock's arrival at Jellalabad, McGregor was appointed his A.D.C., and Pollock wrote of his services as "invaluable." McGregor accompanied Col. Monteith's force into the Shinwarree Valley on 1 7th June, to read a lesson to the tribes who had possessed themselves of the property plundered from our army, and who held one of our captured guns. On 3rd Aug. the brigade returned to Jellalabad, having effectually beaten down the opposition of the Shinwarries, and obtained possession of the captured gun. McGregor suffered at this time from fever, yet never allowed his illness for a day to interrupt his duties from 1 7th July to 8th Aug., 1 842. He accom- panied Pollock to Cabul, and was mentioned by him in the dislodgment of the enemy from Mammoo Khail and Koochc Khail, as A.D.C. " indebted to him for services in the field, and for constant exertions to obtain supplies." ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 403 He was again noticed by Pollock as having afforded effectual aid by his conduct as A.D.C. at Tezeen, 14th Sept, 1842. On the 4th Oct., 1842, he was appointed a C.B., obtained the local rank of Major in Afghanistan and the medals for Jellalabad and Cabul. On 6th Mar., 1843, he returned to Europe on furlough. He was afterwards employed in political duties, and retired from the service in 1858. In 1841 he was created a Knight Bachelor, and in later years was nominated a K. C. B. He died at Torquay on 2nd Jan., 1883. Sir Robert Montgomery, G.C.S.I., K.C.B., Bengal Civil Service, son of the Rev. S. Montgomery, was born in 1809, educated at Foyle College, Londonderry, entered Addiscombe in 1823, and left it Dec, 1825. He afterwards entered the Bengal Civil Service. For years Alontgomery passed an uneventful career. In 1829 he was Asst. at Azimghur, in 1832 Head Asst. there, and finally, in 1837, officiated as Collector and Magistrate ; but he was afterwards transferred to Allahabad, and in 1839 was confirmed in his appointment. In 1 842 he w'ent to Mirzapore. In 1 843 he pro- ceeded on furlough to Europe, but returned in 1845. In 1846 he w^as Collector of Cawnpore, and in 1849 was appointed Com- missioner in the Punjab. He first served under the Punjab Board, consisting of the two Lawrences and Mr. Mansel, and he succeeded the last-named on the Board in 1851. Here he was more than a worker — he was a conciliator. The two brothers Lawrence did not agree in their view of the way in which the claims of the dispossessed service tenants should be dealt with. Montgomery tried to keep the peace between them. In 1853, 404 ADDISCOMBE on the dissolution of the Board, he was appointed Judicial Commissioner of the Punjab, Supt. of Prisons and Director- General of Police. During the Mutiny in 1857, he adopted meas- ures for disarming the 4 native regiments at Mean-Meer, and made it possible for John Lawrence to inaugurate a policy, of which the central idea was. that India must be saved through the Punjab. In 1858 he was appointed Chief Commissioner of Oude, and for his services in aiding the armies under Lord Clyde, and restoring tranquillity to the province, he received the thanks of both Houses of Parliament, and was created a K.C.B., 19th May, 1859. On 25th Feb., 1859, he was appointed Lieut. -Governor of the Punjab in succession to John Lawrence. He resigned the service on loth Jan., 1865, after having had, for 6 years, supreme control of the province in which he had won his spurs. In 1868 he was appointed a Member of the Council of India, and retained that post till his death. On 20th Feb., 1886, he received the G. C. S. I. He died on 28th Dec, 1887, from bronchitis, at 78 years of age. His 36 years' service in India told lightly upon him ; until very late in life he was one of the youngest-looking of old men, well meriting Lawrence's sobriquet of "Evergreen." John Lawrence characterized him as "a fine fellow, brave as a lion, gentle as a lamb." Lord Canning in a Minute sent to England, after describing the great services of Sir John Law'rence, says: "Next, but not inferior to any man in his claims to the gratitude of his country, is Mr. Montgomery, the present Lieut. - Governor of the Punjab. I know but one opinion of the value of his prompt and courageous counsels, tempered as they always ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 405 have been with the soundest and most generous judgment. Before he received charge of the great Government of the Punjab, I claimed the benefit of his experience and abiUty in the reorganisation of Oude. I shall have to speak elsewhere of his services as Chief Commissioner of that province. Here it is sufficient to say they have largely enhanced his high repu- tation, and his claims to the favour of the Government." On leaving the Punjab he received addresses from the diffe- rent Chiefs and races; and afterwards ^10,000 were subscribed to build a Memorial Hall to be called by his name. Field INIarshal Lord Napier of Magdala, G. C. B., G. C. S. I., Bengal Engineers. Robert Cornelis Napier, son of Major C. F. Napier, R.A., was born in Ceylon, 6th Dec. 18 10. He joined Addiscombe 4th Feb., 1825, and obtained his commission, 15th Dec, 1826, when just over 16. He arrived in India 8th Nov., 1828. On 2 1 St Apr., 1831, he was appointed an Asst. on the Doab Canal, and served in that capacity for 5 years. During that time he suffered from severe attacks of illness, and Dr. Falconer reported that his constitution had been greatly injured by the climate, so on 14th Apr., 1836, he went home. After 3 years at home he returned on i6th Mar. 1839, quite recovered, and on the ist Apr. was appointed Exec. Engr. in the P. W. D. On 22nd July, 1840, he proceeded to Madras on private affairs, and on 3rd Sept. married Anne, eldest daughter of George Pcarse, ]\I. D., E. I. C Service. On 1 8th Apr., 1842, he was posted as Asst. to the Supt. of Darjeel- ing. He here executed the Titalya and Siligiri Roads, and his services were reported to be most conspicuous, and of the great- 4o6 A D D I S C O iM B E est possible advantage to the interests of the settlement. On the outbreak of the Sikh war in 1845, Capt. Napier was in time, by a sixty mile ride, to be present at the battle of Mood- kee, where his horse was killed under him. At the succeeding battle of Ferozeshuhur he had a second horse killed, and was himself wounded. At the battle of Sobraon he was engaged as Brigade Major of Engineers, and served in the subsequent advance on Lahore. He received the medal and his Bt. Major- ity. The same year he was appointed Chief Engineer to conduct the siege of the fort of Kangra. He was selected by Lord Hardinge to construct temporary barracks at Lahore for the European troops. While thus employed, the insurrection took place at Mooltan, and in 1848 he went as Chief Engineer of the force which marched from Lahore under Genl. Whish, to recover that place. He was severely w'ounded on this occa- sion. When the force was augmented he served as 2nd in Command. At the battle of Goojerat he commanded the Engineers of the right wing, and was with Sir Walter Gilbert in the famous pursuit of the Afghans across the Punjab to the Khyber. On the annexation of the Punjab in 1849, he was selected by Lord Dalhousie for the post of Chief Engineer in that country. Here he organized and initiated an extensive series of public works, which were honourably acknowledged by Lord Dalhousie. In 1849 he instructed Lt. Dyas to frame a project for the irrigation of the Baree Doab, and this great scheme was sent in by Dyas on 14 Dec, 1850, and after personal examination Napier forwarded it to Government on i8th Oct., 185 1. In 1852 Col. Napier commanded a column which defeated the Hussunzie tribe of the Black Mountain in Hazara, and he was also present with the expedition against the Borec Affree- ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 407 dees in 1852-53, and received the special thanks of Govern- ment for his services. The outbreak of the Mutiny in 1857 found Napier in England, but he at once returned to India, and was appointed Chief of the Staff to Outram in the first relief of Lucknow. He was then employed in the defence of Lucknow till the final relief by Sir Colin Campbell. He was wounded while endeavouring with Outram, Havelock, Vincent Eyre, and others to meet Sir Colin Campbell, who had reached to within half a mile ot their position. The w^omen and wound- ed were now safely removed from Lucknow. As chief of the Staff of Engineers he now took a most important part in the holding of the position at the Alumbagh till the return of Colin Campbell for the final siege of Lucknow, and he served as Chief Engineer with the rank of Brigr. at the siege and cap- ture of Lucknow, where he highly distinguished himself. For his services on this occasion he was appointed a K. C. B. He afterwards rendered most important and ready assistance at Morar and Gwallior. After the battle of Morar, Sir Hugh Rose moved with his force to effect a junction with Brig. Smith, while Napier was left w'ith a force in Morar for its protection during the investment of Gwallior, and pursuit of the enemy when they retreated. When Tantia Topee abandoned the defence of Gwallior, he attempted to retreat southwards with a considerable body of all arms. Napier pursued him in the most able manner, and at Joura Alipore dashed with the suddenness of a tempest on the rebels, 10 times as numerous as his troops, — drove them like chaff before the wind, and captured 25 pieces of artillery. In Aug., 1858, he surprised Maun Singh in Paoree, stormed the place with shot and shell, put the rebels to flight, razed the stronghold, and after a brief rest was again in pursuit of their 4o8 A D D I S C O M B K scattered bands. His command in Central India did not lead to any promotion, yet some of the most brilliant cavalry affairs in the Mutiny were the actions in Central India fought by Sir Robert Napier at the head of a handful of Native Cavalry and the 14th Light Dragoons; and they would doubtless have been brought more under notice if undertaken by a less modest or more pushing man. It should be mentioned that after 5 days' pursuit, he surprised and defeated with a squadron of 14th Dragoons, Ferozeshah's force at Ranode. He next served against China in i860, where he commanded a Division under Sir Hope Grant, and served with his accus- tomed energy and vigour. In Aug. the troops had reached the Peiho. Hope Grant and Montauban (who commanded the French) could not agree on the plan of attack. . Hope Grant called Napier into consultation, when he pointed out the course to be adopted, and Napier, at Hope Grant's request, drew up his suggestion in proper form, so that it might be submitted to Montauban. The latter pooh-poohed the scheme, and refused to join in it. Hope Grant informed Napier of this, and Napier replied that as Montauban had suggested nothing better, — indeed nothing at all — the only way would be for Hope Grant to take the mat- ter on himself, and proceed as if he had obtained the consent of Montauban, and that he felt sure when operations were set going Montauban would quietly fall in with the scheme, as he must see very well there was nothing else to be done. The advice was followed, the whole of the artillery were put under Napier's command, and the conduct of the affair committed to him ; the Taku forts were taken by assault, and on the 2 1 St Sept. the Anglo-French troops advanced to Palikao, where they routed the Chinese under San-ko-lin-sin. Thence ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 409 they marched to Pekin, and took possession of that city on 1 2th Oct. During the time he was with the Chinese Expedi- tion, Sir Robert Napier twice received the thanks of Padiament. For his services in China he was promoted to the rank of Major-Genl., which advancement, as he was at the time second senior Colonel in the army, gave him exactly one step. On his return from China he was appointed Mily. Member of the Supreme Council of India, in succession to Sir James Outram, and retained his seat till 1865, when he was appointed Commander-in-Chief of the Bombay Army. When all peaceful attempts to recover our fellow-subjects held in captivity by King Theodore of Abyssinia, had proved vain, and it became necessary to have recourse to arms, an expedition was determined on and Sir Robert Napier appointed Commander-in-Chief. Never has any warlike enterprise been concluded with success so complete and satisfactory. Great difficulties had to be encountered, but Napier was exceedingly well qualified to overcome them. On 13th Aug., 1867, Napier was appointed to the command, and the Advanced Brigade landed in Annesley Bay, 30th Oct. Sir Robt. Napier disembarked on 5th Jan., 1868, and on loth Apr. the blow was struck which annihilated Theodore's sove- reignty, and taught him what was the true strength of the distant island people whom he had insulted. But there is no need to dwell on the brief battle of Islamgie, nor on the events which so rapidly followed ; the surrender of the captives, the storming of Magdala, and the death of Theodore. The object of the expedition being accomplished, the invad- ing force, without an hour's unavoidable delay, retraced its steps on 1 8th April. On 20th April Sir Robt. Napier issued a stirring address to 4IO ADDISCOMBE his army, detailing their services and difficulties and eulogizing their conduct : " Our complete and rapid success is due, first, to the mercy of God whose hand I feel assured has been over us in a just cause ; secondly, to the high spirit with which you have been inspired."" On the 1st June Napier reached Zulla — - the troops w'ere despatched to England and Bombay, and on loth Napier left for England. He reached England towards the end of June, and on the 3rd July, the thanks of both Houses of Parliament were awarded to him for the 3rd time. Both Disraeli and Gladstone made speeches on the occasion. The former said : " If we turn from the conduct of the expe- dition to the character of the person who commanded it, I think it must be acknowledged that rarely has an expedition been planned with more i)rovidence, and executed with more precision. In connection with it everything seems to have been foreseen and everything supplied. All must recognize, and all may admire the sagacity, and the patience, the temper and the resource invariably exhibited. I do not think a public man has ever shown more discretion than he has done. Had it not been for his management of men — not merely in the skilful handling of his troops, but in the way in which he moulded the dispo- sitions of the Native Princes — the results might have been dif- ferent. And he moulded them to his purpose without involving his country in any perilous contract or engagement." Gladstone said: "While we readily acknowledge that all have w'ell done their part from first to last, it is impossible not to dwell upon the character of the man whose name first appears in the motion. Without him, it is possible that great things might have been achieved ; but there has been a completeness in the work performed which we cannot do otherwise than connect in a special manner with the special qualifications of his ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 411 mind and capacity ; and without him we scarcely could have hoped that this expedition would stand upon record as a rare example among those occasions when a nation resorts to the bloody arbitra- ment of war, of an occasion upon which not one drop has been added to the cup of human suffering that any forethought or humanity could have spared, and in which the severest critic, when he reviews the proceedings, will find nothing from first to last to except to, whether it be with respect to the military, political, or moral aspect. No one can read the despatches of Sir Robert Napier without seeing, that after we have given to him the praise of a Commander apparently consummate in his means of meet- ing every demand that has been made upon him for military qualities, there is something which remains behind — that there is a mind firm of purpose never losing for a moment its thor- ough balance, and amid all anxiety and excitement keeping the eye steadily fixed upon moral auns, and remembering under all circumstances the duty of keeping and maintaining untainted and in virgin purity and honour the character of this country. Nor can anyone become acquainted with him after we have read his interesting, his manly, his simple and his modest account, without being conscious that we depart from the consideration of this subject not only with gratitude and admiration for the General, but with respect, with regard, — I would almost say with affection for the man." Sir Robert Napier was raised to the Peerage with the title of Lord Napier of Magdala and Caryngton, and was nominated a G.C.B. He received the Freedom of the City of London, and a Sword of Honour of the value of 200 guineas. In April, i860. Lord Napier was appointed to command the Army of India in succession to Lord Sandhurst, a nomination unanimously stamped by the approval of the public and the army. No stirring 412 ADD IS COM RE military events occurred during his 5 years ' tenure of office. On returning home he was appointed Governor of Xjibraitar in succession to Sir Fenwick Williams of Kars. He was ap- pointed Constable of the Tower in succession to Sir Richard Dacres. An Act of Parliament was passed 31st July, 1868, granting an annuity of ^^2,000 to his Lordship and his next surviving heir male for the term of their natural lives. He had been nom- inated a G.C.S.I., and was made a Field Marshal. Lord Napier was Envoy Extraordinary to the late King of Spain, at His Majesty's marriage in 1879, when he received the Grand Cordon of Charles III. Up almost to his dying day, Lord Napier was in the full vigour of a hale hearty manhood ; and the popular voice for years pointed him out in the event of war breaking out with Russia or other European power, as the most approved candidate to hold the command-in-chief of the British Army in the field. He was unquestionably the greatest British soldier of his day. The services, both civil and military, he rendered to his country were very various, and carried him into widely different locali- ties. He was a favourite with all, whether as officer or man, and was greatly loved in either capacity by all who approached him. Lord Lawrence entertained the highest opinion of Napier's abilities, and was well aware of the intelligent management with which he conducted to a successful issue whatever he undertook, and he wrote, " If a thing had to be well done, there was no one like Napier for being trusted to do it." He died of influenza in Jan., 1890, in his 80th year. He was twice married, first, as has been mentioned, to Anne Sarah, daughter of George Pearse, M.D., E.I.C.S., by whom he left three sons and two daughters. The first two sons were twins, and the ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 413 eldest is now Lord Napier of Magdala. His first wife died in 1839, si^d on 2nd April, 1861, he married Mary, daughter of Major-Gcnl. E. S. Scott, R.A., and by her had six sons and three daughters, all of whom survived him, except the youngest daughter. The following anecdotes are added to show how stern his sense of duty was when occasion arose. An officer writes to me, " When I was in Lucknow during the last week before Lord Clyde's relief, I reported to him that it was absolutely necessary to give some rest to Lieut. R. as he was greatly overworked, and that unless we gave him rest, he would be expended. " Napier thought for a few moments, and then said quietly, ' The work must be finished, so we must then expend him. ' "After the operations in Oude were over, Napier sent to an officer who had served under him, a handsome gold framed seal with a line, saying, ' I never have anywhere taken or receiv- ed any loot except this stone, which I picked up in^ one of the palaces of Lucknow during the final capture. ' His sense of duty would not permit him to accept anything in the shape of loot during his long career." The officer adds, "He was the most modest of all the distinguished men it has been my privilege to be associated with." Major-General Charles Alex. Orr, Madras Engineers, 2nd son of W. Orr, Esq., of the Ceylon C. S., was born 4th Sept. 181 2, went to Addiscombe in 1829, obtained his commission 9th June, 1 83 1, landed in India in 1833, and was posted to the Sappers and Miners. He served with the Coorg Field Force in 1834. He was with 414 ADDISCOMBE the Northern Cohimn under Brig. Waugh, which suffered heavily in front of the Buck Stockade, when Col. Miles of H.M.'s 55th, was killed. The stockade was not taken, but was immediately after evacuated. In Jan., 1837, Orr was ai)pointcd to act as Adjt. of the sappers, but in the following October joined the D.P.W. In Nov., 1840, he was placed at the disposal of the Comman- der-in-Chief for Foreign Service, and was posted to the C. Co. S. & M., which a short time previously had been sent to Scinde. While proceeding to join the company he lost all his baggage, etc., owing to a sudden rise of the river in the Bolan Pass. He was employed in making roads for the passage of artillery at Nooshkee, and was at Quetta till Sept., 1841. He was then ap- pointed Supg. Engineer to the Hyderabad Subsidiary Force, which post he joined 7th June, 1842. Next year, ist Dec, he proceeded to Europe on sick leave, returning to India 12 Dec, 1845. He was then sent to serve as ist Asst. Civil Engr. under Major (now Sir Arthur) Cotton, who was constructing the Godavery Anient. In June, 1848, Major Cotton went home, and during his absence Capt. Orr took charge of the works, till his return Sept., 1850. During this period he was employed as a Member of a Com- mittee to report on the Godavery works as also on the Kistna Anient Project, which had been drawn up by Capt. (afterwards Sir Atwell) Lake, — and when the Kistna Project was sanctioned he was appointed to take charge of the works. He constructed the great Kistna Anient, and remained in charge of the Kistna System for some years. On the reorganization of the Dept. he became one of the three Depy. Chief Engrs. in 1858. In 1859 he succeeded Major Bell as Mint Master, and in 1865 became Chief Engineer and Secretary to Government, which post he held for over 7 '/., years, — when he retired to England with ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 415 the rank of Major-Genl. He died Oct., 1876, in his 65th year. He had three brothers in the service who all distinguished themselves. His elder brother, William Adam Orr, born 16 Oct., 1 810, obtained his commission at Addiscombe 15th Dec, 1826. He was in 1838 A. D.C. to Lord Elphinstone, Governor of Madras, and afterwards served with the Hyderabad Contingent, and highly distinguished himself on many occasions in the Malwa and Cen- tral India Campaigns in 1858 during the Mutinies, when he re- ceived a C.B. for his brilliant services. His younger brother, Sutherland G. G. Orr, was born 30th Jan., 1 8 16, and obtained his commission at Addiscombe 12 June, 1835. He served in Afghanistan in 1840-42, was with Sale at Jellalabad, and was mentioned by George Broadfoot as having "rendered him most zealous and efficient aid." He was engaged in Pollock's victorious advance to Cabul in 1842, and was present in Sept., 1842, at the capture of Istaliff. After that he served with the Hyderabad Cavalry for many years, and greatly distinguished himself in the Malwa and Cen- tral India Campaigns of 1858. He also was appointed C.B. There was yet another brother who served in the Medical Dept., who was also present in the Central India Campaign, highly distinguished himself, and obtained a C. B. General Sir William Erskine Baker, K. C. B., Bengal Engineers, son of Capt. Joseph Baker, R. N., was born, 29 Nov., 1808, at Leith. He was educated at Ed. VI. School at Ludlow. Entered Addiscombe in 1825, obtained his commission Dec, 1826, and arrived in India Aug., 1828. Shortly after he was posted to the Canals in Delhi Territory, under Col. John Colvin, C. B. In 4i6 ADDISCOMBE Oct., 1835, he succeeded Colvin as Supt. of Canals of Delhi, afterwards termed the West Jumna Canals. At this time he was employed in surveying country between the Sutlej and Jumna with the view of ascertaining the feasibility of water communication between those two rivers, when " he secured the high merit of being the successful pioneer in this hitherto little known tract, and of having suggested plans which future expe- rience and opportunities may mature into works of great na- tional value." He administered these works for 7 years, and during this period he sent in a great project for an Irriga- tion Canal from the Sutlej, which has since been carried out. In 1837 ^^ married Frances Gertrude, 3rd daughter of Major- Genl. Alex. Duncan. In Dec, 1842, he was Field Engineer to the army of reserve at Ferozepore. He had little to do, as arrangements for crossing the river had already been made by the civil officers ; but he examined the various kinds of boats in use on the Sutlej, and drew up detailed bridge projects for future need. Two bridges were constructed for the passage of Pollock's force on their return from Afghanistan. The passage was completed on 23 Dec, 1842, and next day the Sutlej came down in flood, and carried both bridges away. After a few days of festivity and review the force of 40,000 troops broke up, and Baker returned to the West Jumna Canals. In June, 1843, Sir Charles Napier required a good Canal Engineer for Scinde, and in Sept. Baker was appointed Supt. of Canals and Forests in Scinde, went down the Sutlej with three assistants, and arrived at Sukkur end of October. Baker served here till Oct., 1844, when he left Kurrachce to return to Bombay. Cautley was now going home to England, so Baker took his place in charge of the Ganges Canal. In Dec, 1845, however, ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 417 Baker with nearly all his Engineers was called upon to join the army in the field. They arrived after the battle of Fero- zeshah, but in time for Sobraon. Baker was active and fearless to rashness in making reconnaissances of the enemy's daily increasing w'orks, and when the day of attack | loth Feb.) came, he was told off with Lt. John. Becher to conduct the main attack, Sir Robt. Dick's division. In this attack Sir Robt. Dick was mortally wounded, and Becher was also severely wounded. The services of Baker and Becher on this occasion were warmly recognized, "they well maintained the reputation of their corps wherever gallantry or science may be required from its members." Sir Robt. Dick when dying, urged the officer by his side to carry his dying recommendation of Baker to the Commander- in-Chief. He obtained a Bt. Majority on this occasion. The Government hesitated greatly over Cautley's great project, and Baker was chiefly instrumental in urging the work to be carried out in its entirety. In 1847 Mr. Thomason, the Eieut. -Governor, urged the form- ation of a Civil Engineering College at Roorkee, the head- quarters of the Ganges Canal, and Major Baker entered warmly into the proposal, and made all the arrangements for starting the College. In Jan., 1848, Cautley returned to the Ganges Canal, and Baker went on furlough, after 20 years' absence from England. Cautley greatly praised his management of the Canal works during his absence. While in England he studied the English railway system, and in 1851, soon after his return, he was appointed Member of a Commission to report on the re-organization of the Dept., and was made Consulting Engineer for Railways. A difficult 27 4i8 ADDISCOMRK system could hardly have had a fairer initiation than in his hands. He co-operated indefatigably with Sir R. M. Stephenson and Mr. Geo. TurnbuU in the design and construction of the E. 1. Railway. He thoroughly won their respect and regard, and the Govt, control in his hands was exercised with as much courtesy as firmness. Lord Dalhousie made use of his advice in a great variety of matters connected with P. W. projects, and questions which had nothing to do with railways ; and finally Lord Dalhousie wished to appoint him to the new office of Secretary to Govt. D.P.W. in Aug., 1854, and Baker was accordingly appointed the 1st Secretary early in 1855. Shortly before this the section of the E. I. Railway from Howrah to Burdwan was publicly opened, on 3rd Feb., 1855. Mr. J. P. (afterwards Sir John P.) Grant on this occasion said, " To Colonel Baker's energy, to his experience in Indian works of vast magnitude, to his industry, to his judgment and to his imperturbable temper the Government of hidia owed much, this railway owed much, and he would venture to say every passenger who might in after years travel on the railway from Calcutta to Delhi, would owe much." Lord Dalhousie on leaving in March, 1856, thanked him for his constant and most effectual aid, and expressed his anxiety to see him again. In Doc, 1856, Lord Dalhousie again wrote to him and said, " It makes me so savage to hear of things going wrong at the east end or the west end in which one has taken a strong interest, that one's only safety is in evading to hear anything about them." He expressed also the great pleasure it would give him to see Baker in England, or at his own old Castle which he had not been able to occupy yet. In 1857 his health began to fail, but owing to the Mutiny ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 419 he deferred his departure till after the fall of Delhi and relief of Lucknow. Lord Canning on 10 Nov., 1857, wrote of Baker, " The Government of India does not, so far as my experience goes, possess a more able, zealous, indefatigable, and useful of- ficer in the ranks of its service, or one more thoroughly well fitted by knowledge, temper, and character for the discharge of very trying duties." Col. Baker left India on iith Nov. Those who had served under him placed a fine bust of him (by Sir John Steele of Edinburgh) in the P. W. Offices at Calcutta. A year after he reached home he was invited by Lord Stanley (later Earl of Derby) to take the post of Military Secretary at the India Office. He took charge of it in Dec, 1858. Baker's heart was not in the work of Amalgamation, nor was he likely to be re- conciled to it by certain of the methods in which it was ac- complished, and a year or two later this feeling was so strong that it was only on public grounds he was persuaded to retain office. In 1 86 1, he became a Member of the Council of India, took his seat 8th Aug., and continued to belong to it till Oct. 8th, 1875. " In India he was, in war — daring and indefatigable in recon- naissance ; in the peaceful field-work that occupied so much of his time in connection with many projects, he always seemed to do in a day several more miles of survey or levelling than anybody else, and at the India Office he was ever the ear- liest at his desk, and the latest to leave." He was for many years the representative of the India Office on the Army Sani- tary Commission, and when he quitted office. Miss Nightingale wrote, " We shall miss you so much that though I am a stranger to you, 1 cannot help telling you so. We seldom find the like of you. We do not often find such high-minded, thoroughly 420 ADDISCOMBK well-informed help so free from crochets and prejudices, so open to reasoning and conviction, even when superior experience might well make its owner positive in his own judgment, with which, however, the wildest reformer could never be angry, ex- pressed in so courteous and mild a form.'' On ist Feb., 1870, he was appointed a K. C. B. In 1873 he had a serious illness, and his letters began to suggest a longing for retirement. In Aug., 1874, he made a tour in Holland, Sweden, Denmark, and Germany accompanied by Lady Baker. In the winter of 1874 he had a return of illness, and he finally resigned in Sept., 1875. He then migrated to Somersetshire, on the spurs of the Mendips, where he had a house called the Castle, near Banwell. On 1 6th Dec, 1881, he was seized with paralysis, and died that night, just past his 73rd year, and was buried at Bournemouth. Lord Napier wrote, " In Sir Wm. Baker, with courage of the highest order were combined a very high military intelligence, and a spirit of enterprise which would have made him more eminent as a soldier." This is what might have been, but let it be considered what has been. "To this man it fell to lay the foundation of British Irrigation in Scinde, to found the great Indian Railway System in Bengal and the P. W. Dept. in the north of India as an organized Dept. of the State ; in great part to guide the transition between the old and the new systems of India, besides the conduct of many other tasks of public im- portance, a part only of which has been indicated." Through all and every duty he was regarded by every states- man under whom he served, as a pillar of strength ; by every officer who served under him, as an object of unbounded confi- dence and affection. Sir Stafford Northcote (afterwards Lord Iddesleigh) wrote ist ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 421 Dec, 1868, "Since I have been at this office. I have found in him one of the most valuable public servants with whom it has been my good fortune to become acquainted in any Government De- partment. At the time of the preparations for the Abyssinian campaign in particular, he rendered the most important assist- ance to us, and undertook a very unusual amount of labour." Lord Salisbury wrote (when Baker was leaving Council), "I not only lose a kind and courteous friend who has made con- sultation on a very difficult and thorny subject pleasant, but an adviser of tried judgment and experience. It has been my unpleasant lot during my short term of office to fill several va- cancies, but this will be the hardest of all." Sir Bartle Frere when Commissioner of Scinde wrote : "He had touched on almost every great question connected with irriga- tion and ''nihil tetigit quod noil ornaviV. All his papers were marked with clearness, simplicity, and business-like brevity, sound sense and keen appreciation of the real crucial points of every question. His was a rare combination of judgment and com- mon-sense with the highest principles." He obtained the rank of Genl. on ist Oct., 1877, and was placed on the supernumer- ary list, 29th Oct., 1878. Genl. Sir James Brind, K. C. B., Bengal Artillery, son of Walter Brind Esq., born loth July, 1808, received his commission 3rd July, 1827. After being with his regiment for some years he was appointed on ist Mar., 1836, to the Revenue Survey Dept. On 24th Sept., 1838, he was placed at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief for service in the field, and was ordered, in company with Major MacKinlay, to visit Kandwar and to travel as far to N. E. of the Himalayan chain as practicable. 422 ADDISCOMBE In |ul\-, i(S42, he was appointed to act as Divisional Adjt. of Artillery at Agra and jMuttra, and on 24th Jan., 1S44, he went on furlough to Europe on sick leave. He commanded the Foot Artillery of the Delhi V\e\d Force at the siege of Delhi in i«S57, when he highly distinguished himself. ' As soon as the city was captured he was allotted the task of ensuring the safety of the gateways and posts, which was a heavy task. He cleared the city of murderers and incen- diaries, and made all the military posts secure from attack. From Dec, 1857, to Mar., 1858, he commanded a light column in Mozuffernuggur and also the 3rd Brig. H. A., and the United Artillery Brigade of Genl. Walpole's force during its march from Lucknow to Alligunge, and was present at the affairs of Rooyia and Alligunge. He also commanded the Artillery Brigade under Lord Clyde through Rohilcund, and at the capture of Bareilly. He ^vas with Col. Colin Troup's column in Oude in 1858-59, and was present at engagements at Modypoor, Rusaulpoor, Mittombee, Alligunge and Biswarrah, also with light troops in pursuit. Commanded a light column in pursuit, and at the defeat of Prince Ferozeshah and other chiefs, taking their 10 guns and stores, etc., at Mehndee ; and also a Cavalry column in pursuit of Ferozeshah through Oude tow-ards Central India to the point assigned. For his services at Delhi he obtained his Bt. Colonelcy and C. B. In 1865 we find him Brig. -Genl. and Inspector of Artillery in N. W. P. ' It was said of him after the siege of Delhi, " Talk of V.Cs. — If BrincI had his due, he would be covered with V.Cs. from head to foot." ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 423 In 1870 he was nominated a K. C. B., and in 1875 was advan- ced to the dignity of G. C. B. He became Col. Commandant 3i"d Oct., 1867, and attained the rank of Genl. ist. Oct., 1877. He died at Brighton 3rd Oct., 1888, in his 8ist year. He was five times married. In 1873 he married Eleanor, daughter of the late Rev. Hen. T. Burne, and she still survives him. Col. Sir Andrew Scott Waugh, Knt., Bengal Engineers, son of Genl. Gilbert Waugh, born 3 Feb., 18 10, passed out of Addiscombe Dec, 1827, in half the ordinary time, at the head of his term. He landed in India 25 May, 1829, was first posted to the Sappers and then to D. P. W., when he was Garrison Engineer at Allahabad and Supt. of Foundry at Fort William. ' On 17th July, 1832, he was appointed to the Grand Trigl. Survey, and took part in the measurement of the Great Arc of the Meridian from Cape Comorin to Deyrah Doon. In Dec, 1834, he was with Everest at the measurement of the north base ,line. He shared with Everest the arduous observatory work carried on simultaneously at Kaliana, Kahanpur, and Dumargadda by which the arc of amplitude was determined, and brought this important work to an end in 1841. In 1843 Sir George Everest wrote, "He is beloved and respected by all the subordinate mem- bers of my Dept., and held in honour and esteem by all who know him personally — his talents, acquirements, and habits as a scholar, a mathematician, a gentleman, and a soldier are of a high order. I do not hesitate to stake my professional reputa- ' In March, 1831, he was appointed to assist Capt. Hutchinson in tlie construction of a new foundry at Cossipore, and Adjt. to Corps of Engineers Apr., 1831. 424 ADDISCOMBE tion on the fact, that, if your Hon. Court had the whole world at your disposal, wherefrom to select a person whose sum total of practical skill, theoretical attainments, power of endu- rance, and all other essential qualities were a maximum, Lieut. Waugh would be the very person of your choice." He began by carrying out the remaining series, 7 in number, a total of 1300 miles in length, and embracing an area of 28,000 square miles, originating from the Calcutta longitudinal series on the gridiron system projected by Sir George Everest. One of the finest surveying operations was the N. E. Hima- layan series, connecting the northern ends of all the before- mentioned meridional series in which Waugh took a leading part. This work i)roved most deadly to a large proportion of the Native Establishment and to many of the European officers and assistants. Forty out of one hundred and fifty were buried in and around the forests of Goruckpore- These operations led to the fixing of the positions and heights of some of the highest and grandest Himalayan peaks in Nepal and Sikkim. One of them, 29,002 ft., was named by Waugh, Mount Everest, and is the highest in the world. The dangers and difficulties in the execution of this work were far greater than have been encountered in the majority of Indian campaigns. Military service plentifully rewarded by the praise of men and by prizes of all kinds, is neither so perilous nor so honourable as that of the Indian surveyor, who devotes great talent and ability to scientific work in the midst of as deadly peril as is met with on the field of battle, and with little or no prospect of reaping the reward that he deserves. His labours, unlike those of a mere soldier, are of permanent and lasting value, but few know who obtained the valuable results except the gallant ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 425 surveyor's immediate Chief and colleagues. The N. W. Hima- layan series was the most desperate of these grand undertakings, and the average slaughter was greater than in many famous battles. It was the longest series ever carried between measured bases, being 1690 miles long from Sonakoda to Deyrah Doon. On the South of India, the South Concan, the Madras Coast series, the South Parishnath and South Maluncha series were also begun and finished. Sir Geo. Everest's great conception was completed about 1847-48, and Col. Waugh had before him the vast territory that lay in Scinde, N. W. Provinces, and the Punjab ; and another gridiron of the triangulation was projected to the East of the Great Arc Series, on a far grander scale, to comprise this area. The Mutiny breaking out much delayed this work, which was finally completed in i860. In 1858 the levelling operations were commenced to verify the height of the base line at Deyrah. Of all the Indian Survey work that originated in Col. Waugh's tenure of office, the survey of Cashmere was the chief. This survey was not completed till 1864. Lord Canning wrote in 1859, "I cannot resist telling you at once with how much satisfaction I have seen these papers. It is a real pleasure to turn from the troubles and anxieties with which India is still beset, and to find that the gigantic work of permanent peaceful usefulness, and one which will assuredly take the highest rank as a work of scientific labour and skill, has been steadily and rapidly progressing through all the turmoil of the last two years. I never saw a more perfect or artistic pro- duction of its kind, than this map. You have given me a new proof of what I long ago discovered, that there never was a more able, zealous, reliable body of English gentlemen brought 426 ADDISCOMBE together under any Government, than the Corps of Engineers of Bengal." During Waugh's tenure of office he advanced the triangula- lation by no less than 316,000 square miles (three times that of England, Wales, Scotland and Ireland) and 94,000 were topo- graphically surveyed. Waugh retired in 1861, and Her Majesty conferred upon him the honour of Knighthood. He was burveyor-General of India for 1 7 years, and on his re- tirement the Members of the Survey presented him with a service of plate and an address. In 1856 the Royal Geographical Society gave him their Gold Medal; and he became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1858. He was twice married; first, in 1844, to Josephine, daughter of Dr. Graham of Edinburgh (she died 1866), and secondly, in 1870, to Cecilia, daughter of Sir Thos. Whitehead, K.C.B., of Uplands Hall, Lancashire. He died on 21st Feb., 1877, ^ged 67. Major Eldred Pottinger, C.B., Bombay Artillery, son of Thos. Pottinger, Esq., of Carrickfergus, was born 12th Aug., 181 1. He entered Addiscombe in 1826, left on 13th Dec, 1827, and went to Bombay, where his uncle was serving. He joined his regiment in 1828, and in due course was appointed Quarter-Master. Having served thus for several years on the Regimental Staff, he was appointed to the Irregular Horse in Cutch, 26th Feb., 1835, and thence became Political Officer in Scinde and Beloochistan. He accompanied Alexr. Burnes to Hyderabad, and was present at his communications with the Court of Scinde. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 427 It was of importance to the British Government to obtain correct information regarding the state of affairs in Afghanistan, and Eldred Pottinger expressed his wilHngness to undertake the adventurous and dangerous task of penetrating into that country, and his uncle, the Resident, accepted his offer. Early in 1837 he started in the disguise of a Cutch horse-dealer and journeyed to Cabul via Shikarpore and Peshawur. Then he resolved to push his way on to Herat through the difficult country of the Imouk and Hazarah hordes, and assumed for the purpose the disguise of a "Syud" or holy man. This perilous journey, after many delays, imprisonment, and suspicions of being a Feringhee, ended in Pottinger arriving at Herat on i8th Aug. At this time the Shah of Persia under Russian influence was making preparations for an advance on Herat. Pottinger saw that the fall of Herat would be most injurious to England. He thought he could be of assistance in the defence, so he threw off his disguise to the two great men in Herat, the Prince Shah Kamran and his Vizier, Yar Mahomed. They welcomed him and saw the immense advan- tage of having an English officer's advice and assistance. The siege began, and continued for nine weary months, and had it not been for Pottinger, Herat would have fallen at the last onslaught of the Persians ; but it was saved by the energy, the personal gallantry, the animating vigour, the determination and courage of this young artillery officer. The siege was raised by the Persians on 9th Sept., 1838, and from that date the Governor-General appointed Pottinger Political Agent at Herat, subject to the orders of the Envoy at Cabul. The Governor-General stated that "he was glad of the opportunity afforded him, of bestowing the high applause which is due to the signal merits of that officer who was present in 428 ADDISCOMBE Herat during the whole of the protracted siege, and who, under circumstances of peculiar danger and difficulty, has by his forti- tude, ability, and judgment honourably sustained the reputation and interests of his country. Pottinger remained at Herat until D'Arcy Todd arrived on a special mission in Sept., 1839, and he then went to meet the Governor-General in the Upper Provinces, by way of Bameean to Cabul, and thence to the Governor-General. Lord Auckland invited him to dinner. At the appointed time it was observed by the guests that a native in Afghan costume was leaning against one of the poles of the great dinner tent. It was sug- gested that he should be requested to leave, but great was the commotion when, a few minutes after, the Governor-General entered and introduced his sister to the stranger : " Let me present you to the hero of Herat." Pottinger now went to Calcutta, and remained there for some time, drawing up certain valuable reports regarding Herat and adjacent countries. In 1841 we find him again in Afghanistan, having been appointed Political Agent on the Turkistan frontier. His headquarters were in Kohistan or the country above Cabul, and he lived in Lughman Castle. Here he was surrounded with armed Kohistanees, and in an interview with some of the chiefs, Pottinger's assistant, Rattray, was shot down. This foul play induced Pottinger, who had only 100 men, to make a hazardous retreat to Charekur, where were English troops officered by Capts. Codrington, Haughton, and Rose who had tried to relieve Pottinger. Pottinger escaped to Charekur, and the enemy then attacked it. Codrington was killed. Pottinger took command of the guns, was wounded by a musket-ball in the leg, and Haughton was also wounded. The stout-hearted garrison fought bravely, but ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 429 hunger and thirst assailed them, and they determined to cut their way to Cabul. The wounded officers pushed on, and were most miraculously saved. Haughton and Pottinger alone escaped, and both behaved in a most gallant manner. Had it not been for Pottinger's assistance, Haughton must have been killed. When they arrived McNaghten had been killed, and the mil- itary authorities had decided on negotiating for the evacuation of Cabul. Pottinger opposed this; but his opposition was of no avail, so he had to arrange the capitulation. The treaty was drawn up and signed, and in Jan., 1842, the British army was ready to march. We promised to pay _;^ 190,000, by bills on the British Govt., to the Afghans, who were to provide an escort to convoy the British safely out of the country. There was some delay in the provision of the escort, and the military authorities, against the advice of Pottinger, refused to wait. They started with nothing but death facing them. The snow lay thick on the ground, and the soldiers were ill-provided with means to resist the severities of a winter march. The result of the dreadful retreat is well known — how the British were massacred as they lay, most of them benumbed and helpless. Akbar Khan now appeared, and promised to convoy the rem- nant to the British frontier, if three hostages were given up as a guarantee for the evacuation of our outposts. George Lawrence, Colin Mackenzie, and Pottinger were the hostages, but Akbar did not fulfil his promises. The massacre still con- tinued, and several ladies, gentlemen, and children were sur- rendered as prisoners. Their captivity lasted nine months, when they were rescued by Pollock ; but in the meantime the bills drawn by Pottinger were repudiated, and this was a most critical time for the prisoners. 430 A D D I S C O M B E But Pottinger put a very bold face on the matter, and when asked to draw fresh bills, he turned a stern grim face on them and said, "You may cut off my head if you will, but I will not sign tlie bills." The chiefs retired to another room to consult about the prisoners, and Pottinger learning that there was a supply of powder in it, suggested setting fire to a train and blowing up the place, the English taking their chance of escape, but his companions objected. When Pollock's army marched back to the British Provinces it was thought necessary that a Court of Enquiry should be appointed to investigate Pottinger's proceedings in having drawn the bills. He was fully exonerated, as he was entirely opposed to those measures, and reluctantly carried them out at the re- quest of the Military Authorities. "The Court cannot conclude its proceedings without expressing a strong conviction that throughout the whole period of the ])ainful jiosition in which Major Pottinger was so unexpectedly placed, his conduct was marked by a degree of energy and manly firmness that stamps his character as one worthy of high admiration." — 2nd Jan., 1843. After a short residence at Calcutta he paid a visit to his uncle, Sir Henry Pottinger, who was then at the head of the British Mission in China. Here, in Hong-Kong, he caught a fever which abruptly terminated a career of the greatest promise at the age of 33. He died 15th Nov., 1843. The Governor-in-Council recorded " the regret of the Govern- ment that the career of an officer so distinguished has been so prematurely closed." As a mark of the Court's testimony to the valuable services rendered by him, the Court of Directors granted his step- mother (who had brought him up from the age of three) a pension of ^loo. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 431 For his services he had been made a Brevet Major and a C.B., and received a year's full pay as compensation for his wound received at Charekur. His half-brother John, born 181 5, also went to Addiscombe and obtained a commission in the Bombay Artillery in 1830 — attained the rank of Major-Genl. and became a C.B. He was High Sheriff, Co. Leitrim, in 1867, and died in 1877, leaving twin sons, Eldred and Brabazon, who both entered the Bombay Artillery in 1857. The latter served in Abyssinia, and attained the rank of Lt. -General on 5th April, 1891, and was awarded a Good Service Pension. Major-General Sir Henry Marion Durand, K.C.S.I., C.B., Bengal Engineers, was born 6th Nov., 1812, and educated at Leicester and Putney. He entered Addiscombe in 1826, and left it 7th June, 1828, with seven prizes. In Oct., 1829, he set sail for India. The vessel in which he sailed, the "Lady Holland", was wrecked upon Dassau Island, and he lost everything he possessed, and did not reach Calcutta till the end of May, 1830. He applied to be sent to the N.W. Provinces, and after being employed for a year in the Building Dept. and in surveying sites for European troops in the Himalayas, was appointed an Assistant to Major Colvin, the Supt. of Canals. For five years he was employed on the Canals west of the Jumna. In 1834 he applied to be sent to Persia to assist in organizing and drilling the native army, but the application was unsuccess- ful. At this time the Engineers engaged on the Jumna Canals, were in the habit of making excursions into the Sewalik Hills, and on one of these excursions they discovered the Sewalik Fossils which startled the scientific world, and contributed so 432 ADDISCOMBE materially to the development of the study of palaeontology. In 1838 he examined and reported on the Nujjufghur Marsh and a large tract of country south of Delhi which it was proposed to drain — when he was nominated to the Trigonometrical Survey. However, he never took up this duty, as he accepted the appoint- ment of Secy, to the Board of Revenue, N. W. P. ; but the war in Afghanistan breaking out he applied for employment, and was attached to the army of the Indus as one of two engineer officers charged with the work of the topographical Department. He assisted in the preparation of the Engineers' Park at Delhi and the bridging of the Indus, and then accompanied Sir Wil- loughby Cotton's division to Quetta, and was with Sir John Keane in the advance to Candahar. He served in Sale's expedition to Girishk, and then marched with the main body upon Cabul. He took part in blowing in the Cabul gate at Ghuzni, and was entrusted with the duty of leading the explosion party, placing the powder and firing the train. He was far from well at this time, and immediately after the storm he was forced to take to his bed. After the arrival of the British Force at Cabul he was ap- pointed Engineer to Shah Sooja, and in this capacity did his best to oppose the fatal error of abandoning the Bala Hissar. He soon resigned his appointment, and returned to India with Sir John Keane. When the maps, plans, &c., connected with the campaign in Afghanistan, had been completed, he went to England on furlough. While in England he met Lord EUenborough, and accepted the offer of an appointment as A.D.C to Lord EUenborough, which was exchanged for that of Private Secretary before the Gover- nor-General reached Calcutta. Throughout Lord Ellenborough's adminstration, Durand remained at his post as Private Secretary, ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 433 and when Lord Ellenboroiigh was recalled, he was appointed by- Lord Hardinge, Commissioner on the Tenasserim Coast. So long as Lord Hardinge remained in Calcutta all went well, but directly he went to the N.VV. Provinces leaving Maddock as President in Council, affairs changed ; Maddock's relations had been far from cordial with Durand, and when relieved of the presence of Hardinge, Maddock manifested his ill-will, and finally removed him from his appointment. That this removal was un- merited was afterwards shown to the satisfaction of the highest authorities. Lord Hardinge offered Durand the post of Chief Engineer in the Punjab. The offer was refused, and Durand returned to England to seek justice from the Court of Directors. His appeal was too late, as although the legality of the deci- sions which had led to his removal was strongly affirmed by counsel in England, the Court of Directors had meanwhile sanc- tioned the Deputy Governor's order. The President of the Board of Control assured him, however, that he should be no sufferer from what had passed. While he was at home at this time he began to write his account of the Cabul war, but it was interrupted by his return to duty in 1848, and was never completed, and only carries the proceedings up to March, 1842. It was published by his son after his death, in the year 1879. On his arrival in India he hastened up to the frontier, and was in time to witness the sanguinary battle of Chillianwallah. Next day he did all his position allowed to bring about an immediate advance, but we had lost fearfully and it was not knoW'U then how severely the Sikhs had been tried. Throughout the decisive battle of Goo- jerat, Durand was with Colin Campbell's division. For his ser- vices he obtained a Brevet Majority. After the close of the campaign he expected an appointment in the Punjab, but Lord 28 434 ADDISCOMBE Dalhousie did not know him, and he was disappointed. After a short stay at Gwallior as an assistant, he was relegated to the political agency of Bhopal, until the close of 1853. Sir Charles Napier offered him the command of the Sappers, but he refused it as he wished for a political appointment. It should have been mentioned that he was present with Lord Ellenborough at the battle of Maharajpore, when the latter was under fire, and in the thick of the action. Although the period of his career at Bhopal was one of dis- appointment, it bore good fruit. Throughout the Mutinies there was no stauncher friend to the British cause than the brave Begum of Bhopal, and this was due to the confidence and good- will which he inspired. At Bhopal he had a good deal of leisure, and wrote a good many essays for the Calcutta Review, then in its prime ; and amongst others, he wrote a series of papers showing up the abuses of the system upon which India was then governed. In Dec, 1853, he returned to Europe, but sailed again for India at the close of 1855. ^o political appointment being offered to him, he was employed as Supg. Engineer of the Pre- sidency Circle. At this time his opinion was frequently asked by the Gov.- Genl., Lord Canning, and on two occasions he was mainly instru- mental in dissuading Lord Canning from projecting military operations, one being the occupation of Quetta, and the other the attacking of Persia overland through Afghanistan. In the beginning of 1857 Lord Canning offered Durand the charge of the Central Indian Agency about to be vacated by Sir Robert Hamilton. He took charge of this in April, and retained it till Dec, during the most critical period of the Mutiny. Up to the end ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 435 of June things went well at Indore, but on ist July Holkar's troops rose and attacked the Residency. The force collected for its defence, (except 14 Artillery and 5 Sikh troopers) refused to fight, and 400 of them joined the insurgents. After a two hours' cannonade the garrison, seeing that they were surrounded, determined to withdraw. The retreat was effected in good order. They intended to go to Mhow, but the contingent troops refused to follow, and our people made for Bhopal Territory at Sehore. After a day's stay, Durand went south, across the Nerbudda to bring up the Bombay Column. Having arrested the retirement of the Madras troops holding the Nerbudda, he joined and pressed up Woodburn's force, and by Aug. 1st the line of the Nerbudda was once more secure. During the rains they remained at Mhow, the force consisting of 600 Europeans and 1,200 Natives. Durand resolved to march on Mundisore by way of Dhar. Dhar fell after a lo days' siege, and the Mundisore army was dispersed after some severe fight- ing. Neemuch was relieved, and when the column reached Indore the mutinous regiments laid down their arms. These operations cleared the way for Sir Hugh Rose's brilliant cam- paign in Central India. Lord Canning thus wrote, " Col. Durand's conduct was mark- ed by great foresight and the soundest judgment, as well in military as in civil matters. He had many points to guard, and the force at his disposal was almost hopelessly small ; but by a judicious use of it, and by the closest personal supervision of its movements, Col. Durand saved our interests in Central India until support could arrive." After leaving Indore Durand went to Bombay and Calcutta, where he remained for a short time. At the end of April, 1858, he was placed by Lord Canning on special duty in connection 436 A D D I S C O MB J-: with the re-organization of the Indian Army. In Jan., 1859, he was appointed to the Council of India, and here he remained for two years. He opposed the measures adopted in regard to Indian re-organization, as unwise and unjust. The influences against him were too strong : the armies were amalgamated, and the Staff Corps brought into being. In May, 1861, he was offered by Lord Canning the Foreign Secretaryship in Calcutta. At first he refused this post, but finally accepted it, and on July 4th started for India. He was strongly influenced in this matter by his desire of making room in Council for Outram. He ably filled the post of Foreign Secretary for 4 years, and in the summer of 1865, he was appointed Military Member of the Viceroy's Council, and his period of duty in this post closed early in 1870. Lord Mayo had wished to amalgamate under one head the two great Agencies of Central India and Rajpu- tana, and proposed that Sir Henry Durand should hold the post ; but he declined it, objecting to the principle of the scheme, and to accepting it himself. He was thereupon offered the Lieut. -Governorship of the Punjab, and on ist June. 1870, he was sworn in. In announcing the appointment at a farewell dinner to Sir Donald Macleod, Lord Mayo said his hearers would find their new Governor " firm and fearless, honest and brave," and the speech had been cut short by a sudden storm of cheering, the purport of which was not to be mistaken. "Well,"' Lord Mayo afterwards remarked, "men often say what they don't mean, but they don't cheer like that, if they don't mean it," and he telegraphed to Durand that the reception of his name had been "enthusiastic." His tenure of the post was short. After a visit to Cashmere, he started in the beginning of the cold weather for a tour round the North-West Frontier, and by the close of the year ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 437 was at Tonk. On the evening of 31st Dec, as it was growing dusk, the elephant on which he was seated was taken up into a low covered gateway through which there was not room to pass. The ]\Iahout tried to back the animal, but it got frighten- ed, started forward — the howdah struck against the beams overhead, and Durand was thrown out. A man of great size, he fell heavily, and the injury to his spine was fatal. He lin- gered for a day, and on 1st January passed away. One who learnt to know him during the last five years of his life, wrote: "None who knew him well can speak otherwise than with deep love of him. The combination of extreme strength and tenderness were to me his chief charm. His man- ner to those who were in any way objects of pity was the very beauty of gentleness, yet he was a man of iron — his will like his frame was cast in an heroic mould ; of course, a man so open to sympathy might be imposed upon, but he must have been a dangerous man to trifle with. To those who deserved his confidence he was without reserve. His long experience, his wide reading, his culture, his natural cheeriness and fun made him, to younger men especially, a delightful companion. Finally, as in most great men, there was nothing of the unapproachable "swell" about him. He would talk to a shoeblack as he talked to His Excellency in Council ; only I think he would have been most courteous to the shoeblack. He had strongly the fasci- nating camaraderie of the soldier. If he had enemies, a man of his strong views and his contempt for what he thought selfish or unjust, was sure to have them. He spoke sometimes, too, in public with a warmth which seemed to justify the complaint of those who characterized him as "bitter-" Warmth was of the essence of his character. But I have often been struck by the manner in which he weighed his words, and spoke as if pro- 438 ADDISCOMBE testing to himself when, in private conversation, he disparaged any of those about him in pubHc life. I am amazed looking back, to remember how often I heard him criticized, and how rarely I heard him criticize others." In 1867 he had been given the Star of India, and after the Mutiny was recommended for the K.C.B. by Lord Canning. Brig. General John Jacob, C.B., Bombay Artillery, son of Rev. S. L. Jacob, Vicar of Woolavington, Somerset, was born I ith Jan., 18 12, and passed out of Addiscombe Gee, 1827, his commission being dated on his i6th birthday. In Dec, 1833, he was detached to visit the Forts of Gaulna, Kokinanda, and Nan- doorbur, and in 1838 we find him Supt. of Experiments in boring for water in Guzerat. From March to June, 1839, he was employed in forming Ordnance Depot at Bukkur when he constructed a flying bridge between Sukkur and Bukkur. On 3rd June, 1838, he marched from Sukkur with 2 howitzers and Arty, to accompany a force from Shikapore to act against the Beloochees, but was obliged to return owing to numerous and distressing casualties. At the end of Sept. he again proceeded on field .service against the Beloochees, under Major Bcllamore, and succeeded by great per- sonal exertions in taking a howitzer, &c., into the heart of the country occupied by the Bhoogties, over most rugged and moun- tainous tracts. In Nov., 1839, he was ordered to join ist Com- pany 2nd Battn. Arty, with the army of the Indus, and in Feb. following made a survey of the country in which the force was employed, and sent in accurate surveys of the three routes from Phoolagee and Lehree to Kahun. He also formed a road over ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 439 Nufoosk Pass, previously impracticable except for foot-pas- sengers. In handing up Jacob's report on the route from Parkun to Dupla in Scinde, Lt. Col. Wilson said, "Lt. Jacob's exer- tions during the whole march, surpassed anything I have ever seen, and his conduct was beyond any praise which I can express." On 20th Dec, 1841, he was appointed to command the Scinde Irregular Horse, and in the following January was made a 2nd Class Assistant, Scinde and Beloochistan Agency. He highly distinguished himself at the battle of Meeanee on 17th Feb., 1843, as also at the battle of Hyderabad of 24th IMar., where he made a brilliant charge — crossing the Nulla, and cutting down the retreating enemy for several miles. He was engaged in the expedition against Emaumghur in the desert, and also served at the capture of Oomercote. In March, 1843, he was appointed A. D. C. to the Governor-General. Ameer Shere Mahomed finding himself surrounded by Sir Chas. Napier, Col. Roberts, and Capt. Jacob, turned on the latter with 4,000 men, and on 14th June, 1843, they met at Shadadpoor, where Shere Mahomed was overthrown, his army dispersed, and all his guns captured. Jacob was stated to be entitled to honorary distinc- tions which could not at present be conferred, but when he obtained his Regl. Captaincy he became Brevet Major and C.B. He served under Napier also during the campaign against the robber tribes. In Jan., 1846, a 2nd Regt. of Scinde Horse was raised, and this, as well as the ist, was placed under Jacob. The frontier having been placed under his charge, he had complete and decisive success against the combined Bhoogtee tribes, which resulted in the destruction of the most notorious freebooters in Cutchee. He received the thanks of the Commander-in-Chief, for the 440 ADDISCOMBE services of the Scinde Horse " who had conducted themselves in the most gallant manner, and it was Capt. Jacob who had brought them to this state of perfection." He served in com- mand of the Scinde Horse with Sir Charles Napier, against Bhawulpore, in 1846. On 2ist Jan., 1848, he became A. D. C. to Lord Dalhousie, and was appointed to command the troops assembled at Roree for service in Upper Scinde. In Oct., 1852, he received the full powers of magistrate in Scinde, and in Dec, 1853, was appointed to command in Upper Scinde. He was appointed to command of the Cavalry in the Persian war in 1856-57. He commanded troops at Bushire fr(,)m 14th March to i/th June, and after the departure of Sir James Outram he commanded the Persian Expeditionary Force until the final evacuation of Persia, leaving Bushire with the last detachment on 2nd Oct., "56. During the Indian Mutiny he held Scinde and the entire frontier in his grasp. The wild tribes regarded him with min- gled feelings of fear and superstition, and even the rudest of the Chiefs respected his authority and obeyed his mandates. He was a complete soldier, and had mastered all the details and duties of his |)rofession. He invented a 4-grooved rifle and a shell, which he suggested should be introduced into the service. He died at Jacobabad (a place named after himj, in Scinde, of brain fever, on 5th Nov., 1858, before he had reached his 47 th year. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 441 Colonel Sir Rich!\iond C. Shakespear, Knt., C. B., Bengal Artillery, son of John Talbot Shakespear, Esq., Bengal Civil Service, was born I ith May, 181 2, and obtained his commission i 2th June, 1828. He first served with his regiment, and afterwards entered the Revenue Survey Dept. In Sept., 1838, he was placed at the disposal of the Commander-in-Chief for service in the field. He accompanied D'Arcy Todd to Herat, and proved himself a most valuable acquisition to the Mission. On 14th May, 1840, he was deputed by Todd to Khiva to carry to a successful issue the negotiations begun by James Abbott, for the liberation of Russian captives, whose detention had been made a convenient pretext by Russia for invading the country, and thereby at a critical period imperilling our prestige. More fortunate than his gallant predecessor, who failed chiefly from want of necessary credentials, Shakespear, following closely in Abbott's wake, reached Khiva on 1 2th June, three months after Abbott's departure for St. Petersburg. His efforts were speedily crowned with complete success. The Khan agreed to make a full surrender, and the order went forth throughout Khiva that all Russian captives should be brought to the capital by a certain date, and on 5 th Aug. a large number of these unfortunates were made over to the British Envoy, on the very day fixed for his departure for the Russian frontier; others joined his camp on his line of march, and by the 14th Aug. all (416) were transferred to his custody. But there still lay before him the wild Turkoman Desert with its turbulent tribes, where Abbott had but recently reaped bitter experience of treachery on all sides. It was destined that he should reap nothing but success and glory. 442 addisco:mbe On 15th Scj)t. he reached the Russian fort of Alexandrofifski. There he embarked for Oochail, and on ist Oct. finally delivered over his grateful proteges to the Russian Court of Orenburg. His task thus completed, he went to St. Petersburg where a flattering reception awaited him. The Czar restored to the Khivans merchandise valued at i or 2 millions sterling, and 640 prisoners belonging to the wealthiest families in Khiva, Seldom, if ever, has a negotiation so creditable to all parties concerned been effected in the East, or since the brightest day of chivalry have the honours of knighthood been more worthily won. Neither is it the least noticeable part of this remarkable drama that the three chief actors therein were young officers of Bengal Artillery all trained at Addiscombe : D'Arcy Todd, James Abbott and Richmond Shakespear. On 31st August, 1 841, the honour of knighthood was conferred on Shakespear, and the same year he returned to India. During his absence the Cabul tragedy had been enacted, and he was now to take part in avenging it. On 23rd Feb., 1842, he was appointed Military Secretary to Genl. Pollock. The Government in making the appointment " trusted that the talents of this of- ficer by which his late services in central Asia have been dis- tinguished, will prove of much advantage to the Major-General." hi the Khyber Shakespear volunteered his services to accom- pany Lt.-Col. Taylor as his A.D.C., and took command of the men lately composing the garrison of Ali Musjid. " His exer- tions throughout the day were most conspicuous and unceasing." He was mentioned by Pollock in his reports regarding Mam- moo Khail and Tezeen, as having rendered him most effectual aid as a Staff Officer. Having shared in the glories of the victorious march to Cabul, it fell to his lot to take a distinguished part in the liberation ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 443 of the captives. Putting himself at the head of 600 Kuzzilbash Horsemen, he urged an immediate advance to the rescue of his countrymen and women. They had bribed their guards in the Valley of Bameean, when about to be carried across the Turkis- tan frontier to hopeless slavery. Escorted by them they were hastening across the lofty mountain passes of the Hindoo Khoosh to the British Camp, in hourly peril of being intercepted by some of Akbar Khan's forces. "They had just crossed the Kaloo mountain pass, 14,000 ft. high, when Richmond Shakespear unexpectedly appeared on the scene with his gallant band of horsemen, dissipated all recent fears, and bade them rejoice at their deliverance. A few more hours sufficed to restore Lady Sale to her gallant husband's arms, and her heroine daughter in misfortune to the safe cus- tody of British bayonets. " " The return of the prisoners may be attributed in a great measure to the negotiations of Mohun Lai and the active co- operation of the Kuzzilbash chiefs, in addition to the judicious measures adopted by Major Pottinger; but I cannot advert to this subject without bringing to the notice of the Governor- General the part taken by Lieut. Sir R. Shakespear, who volun- tarily accompanied the Kuzzilbash Horse and urged them on with unusual expedition, which proved to be most opportune, for had Sir R. Shakespear arrived with his party a few hours later, it is probable we should not have recovered the prisoners, as Sultan Jan arrived soon after the departure of the prisoners from Bameean with 1,000 horse, and would no doubt have fol- lowed them had he not heard of the force sent to protect them." — Pollock's Despatch. Henceforth Shakespear was a made man, and was appointed Deputy Commissioner, ist class, at Saugor on 28th March, 1843, 444 ADDIS COM BE and in Oct. following was transferred as an Assistant to Lt.- Col. Sleeman at Gwallior. At the battle of Maharajpore Shakes- pear acted as A. D. C. to Sir Hugh Gough, and received his best thanks. (Despatch 4th Jan. 1844J. He afterw'ards held political posts at Jodhpore and at Baroda. During the 2nd Sikh war he rejoined his regiment, and render- ed good service in command of a heavy battery both at Chil- lianwallah and at Goojerat. He was afterwards Resident at Indore in Holkar's Dominions — and at the time of his death had accepted the post of Chief Commissioner of Mysore. He died 29th Oct., 1861, at the age of 49, at Indore, when he was occupying the distinguished post of Governor-General's Agent for Central India, and was still regarded as a rising man. The celebrated author of "Vanity Fair" was first cousin of Richmond Shakespear, and mentions in his Roundabout Paper on Lett's Diary, that, when children, they came home together from Calcutta, and were afterwards at a Public School together (Charterhouse). When Shakespear came to England again he met Thackeray once more, and the latter remembered that Shakespear said, '•Can I do anything for you.''" and goes on to say, "He was always asking that question of all kinsmen ; of all widows and orphans. Where could they have had a champion more chival- rous, a |)rotector more loving and tender.-^" Major-General Sir Vincent Eyre, C. B., K. C. S. I., Bengal Artillery, son of Capt. Henry Eyre, descended from the Eyres of the Peak, a very old Derbyshire family, was born 22nd Jan., 181 1. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 445 One of his ancestors, Col. Thos. Eyre, commanded a body of horse at Marston Moor. Vincent Eyre was educated at Norwich, joined Addiscombe 7th May, 1827, and obtained his commission 12th Dec, 1828. He landed in Calcutta 21st May, 1829. This was a time of profound peace in India, and no active service was possible during the following ten years. On 27th April, 1837, Eyre was promoted to ist Lieut, and posted to the Horse Artillery, with which he served till Dec, 1840, when he was appointed Deputy Commissary of Ordnance, Afghanistan, and proceeded from Delhi to Cabul in command of siege train, escorted by a detachment of 13th Lt. Inf. under Capt. Havelock (afterwards Sir Henry). On 28th April, 1841, the Convoy reached Cabul in safety. Here he met Richard Maule of his term at Addiscombe, who had ridden 75 miles, disguised as an Afghan, through a wild country to meet him. Maule in the following Nov. was killed at Kaharrah. On Eyre devolved the duty of providing supply of material of war for the British army, and the arsenal was in course of erection at Cabul. On 2nd Nov. the Cabul insurrection broke out and found us utterly unprepared. Capt. Nicholl with four of his guns was in the Bala Hissar, while two of the guns were in cantonments under Lt. Waller. In the first day's fight Waller was wounded, so that the onus of commanding the Artillery devolved on Eyre, with Lt. W^arburton as his subaltern. Eyre commanded all the guns in position round the fortified lines, and on 6th Nov. made a practicable breach in Mahomed Sheriff's fort, which was carried by assault the second day. He also commanded a detachment of Horse Artillery on loth and 13th Nov. in two successful actions under Brig. Shelton. On Nov. 22nd, while assisting to drive out the enemy from the walled 446 ADDISCOMBE village of Beymaroo, Eyre was severely wounded by a rifle ball in the left hand, and disabled from further service in the field. The next day occurred a serious disaster to our arms, when Shelton was compelled to retreat and lost a gun. Then followed, on 22nd Dec, the murder of McNaghten, and after that the retreat with its attendant horrors. Eyre with his wife and little boy emerged safely from the Khoord Cabul Pass- — -and then Eyre and Mein sat up all night in attendance on the dying Sturt of the Engineers, Mrs. Sturt and Lady Sale being also with them. Eyre's little boy, who had a very narrow escape in the pass, went to Addiscombe in 1853, entered the Bengal Artillery in 1855, and is now Colonel Frcdk. Vincent Eyre, R. A. On 6th Jan., 1842, Eyre was made over as a hostage to Akbar Khan, and departed with a new batch, consisting of 7 officers, 10 ladies, and 22 children, among them being Ladies McNaghten and Sale, Mrs. Eyre, and her son. The Chiefs had now gained possession of 17 British officers, besides 10 ladies and 22 chil- dren. Eyre and his associates remained as captives for 8'/., months. Eyre occupying his leisure in recording the strange and stirring incidents which he witnessed. On the 4th day they were joined by Genl. Elphinstone, Brig. Shelton, and Capt. Hugh Johnson.' They were first confined in Buddeeabad, where they remained 3 months, and on 19th Feb. there was a severe earthquake, when Eyre had a narrow escape from being crushed to death by a falling wall. On 9th Apr. they were hurried off towards the mountains, and on 23rd Elphinstone died at Tezeen. Next day Colin Mackenzie was sent on a mission to Pollock at Jellalabad, taking with him the first part of Eyre's narrative, which was eventually sent to England for publication. The mission was ineffectual, and on 23rd May Akbar Khan removed ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 447 the captives from the Zaudak Valley to a fort near Cabul. From loth to 27th July Major Colin Troup went as his next Envoy, but brought back no definite reply. On 23rd Aug. 9 officers of the Ghuznee garrison (amongst them the celebrated John Nicholson) joined the Cabul captives, and two days after all were hurried off to Bameean en 7'oute to Kooloom in Ozbeg Tartary, with a threat that they w'ould be sold into bondage. Eyre and Mackenzie, too ill to travel, were packed into a pair of panniers to balance each other on each side of a Camel. Their route lay over the mountain passes of Suffed Khak, Oonai Hajeeguk, and Kaloo, the last attaining a height of 13,400 ft. Bameean was reached 3rd Sept. On iithSept. Pottinger tempt- ed Saleh Mahomed, who was in charge of them, with a bribe, and he was bought over to our side. A new governor was set up over the Hazaret Province by Pottinger, and on i6th Sept. they set out on their return towards Cabul. They almost immediately heard of Pollock's victory over Akbar Khan — and shortly after heard that Richmond Shakespear was hastening to assist them with 600 Kuzzilbash horsemen. On 17th they re- crossed the Kaloo Pass, and encamped 3 miles from its base. They had not been there two hours when Shakespear arrived. On 2 1 St Pollock's camp at Cabul was reached, w'hen the Horse Ar- tillery guns fired a salute in honour of the event. Eyre returned with Pollock's force to India, and was posted at Meerut, Dec, 1842, to the new troop of Horse Artillery raised to replace the old one which had perished in Afghan passes. Eyre volunteered to accompany Joseph Wolff to Bokhara to as- certain the fate of Stoddart and Conolly, but his letter failed to reach Wolff in time. In Dec, 1844, Eyre was appointed Comdt. of Artillery in the 448 A D 1) 1 S C O M B E new Gwallior Contingent. In addition to his artillery duties, Eyre carried on for several years those of Exec. Engineer of the Gwallior Division, and that so successfully as to draw forth the great praise of Col. J. T. Boileau, the Supt. Engineer. In ioo. At the outbreak of the Mutiny he was serving in Oude, and owing to this became one of the garrison of Lucknow. He was engaged throughout the defence of the Residency. Major Anderson, B. E., was garrison Engineer till the day of his death, iith Aug., when Capt. Fulton succeeded to the po.st. On 14th Sept. Capt. Ful- ton was unfortunately killed by a round shot which struck him on the head. This officer " constructed the greater part of the defences, and up to the day of his death displayed the most unremitting energy, in spite of bad health, in advancing our work. In particular he took a most active part in foiling the enemy's attempt to destroy our advanced post by mine; and the manner in which he conducted the blasting operations du- ring our sorties invariably excited the admiration of all who were present, officers and men." Anderson succeeded to his post, and although suffering from ill health, accompanied the storming parties sent out between the first and second reliefs. Brig. Inglis in his despatch dated 12th Nov. remarks, "Neither must I omit to record my appreciation of the gallant bearing of the Engineer officers Eieuts. Anderson, Hutchinson, and Innes who accompanied the storming parties." On 29th Sept. Anderson accompanied a sortie from the left square Brigade Mess to destroy the enemy's guns left in front of Brigade Mess, in front of Cawnpore battery, and on the left of Cawnpore Road. Three large houses were destroyed, thus removing the principal mus- ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 521 ketry cover of the enemy against our defences between the Brigade Mess and Cawnpore battery ; and the destruction of the gun in front of the latter, together with that effected by the storming parties acting to the right, reUeved a considerable portion of our work from serious annoyance. But our loss was severe, two officers and ten men killed, while one officer and twelve men were wounded, the total casualties being 25. After the second relief of Lucknow, Anderson was sent down to Calcutta very ill, suffering from scurvy brought on by priva- tions which he, in common with the rest of the garrison, endu- red ; and on 30th Dec, 1857, he obtained three years' leave on sick certificate. On 24th Mar., 1858, he obtained his Brevet Majority for his services with the "Illustrious Garrison" of Lucknow. He return- ed to India in i860, having, while at home, married Miss McLean. He was now appointed to the charge of the Kistna Works, and afterwards Sup. Engineer of ist. Division, including the Kistna and Godavery Works, as well as Nellore, Ganjam and Vizagapatam. In Apr., 1865, he became Consulting Engineer for Railways, and on 15th Oct., 1867 he was appointed the first Chief Engineer for Irrigation, and Joint Sec. to Government. After nearly a year and a half in this post, he was nominated in Mar., 1869, Inspector General of Irrigation under the Govern- ment of India. He died of fever at Simla on 13th Oct., 1870, before he had reached his 46th year, to the great regret of everyone who knew him. He wrote several works on Engineering, notably one on Canals and Rivers. A monument was erected at Madras by his brother officers, to mark their esteem for his great talent and fine character. He attained the rank of Colonel 30 Apr., 1868. 522 ADDISCOMBE General Sir Alexander Taylor, G. C. B., Bengal Engineers, was born 1826, entered Addiscombe Aug., 1841, and obtained his commission in June, 1843. T.anded in India in 1844, and in Sept., 1845 joined the Head Quarters of the Sappers at Meerut ; next month was sent to Ferozepori' in command of a Com- pany of Sappers, and placed in charge of the Military Bridge Equipment of 60 large boats, which had just arrived from Bombay. Taylor was present throughout the war, and formed the bridge of boats by which the army crossed the Sutlej in Feb., 1846; and he was engaged at the battle of Sobraon. At the close of 1846 he was appointed to the P. W. Dept. In Aug., 1848, under the orders of Major R. Napier, he took the 60 boats of the Military Bridge Equipment laden with ordnance stores for the siege of Mooltan, and landed all the stores, uninjured, at Adumwaken, 200 miles down the Sutlej. He was in charge of the Engineer park during the first siege of Mooltan. The interval of 3 months between the two sieges was chiefly employed in reconnoitring. In Nov., 1848, he was sent as guide with the Cavalry regiment that was detached to endeavour to cut off a battery of 6 guns which the enemy had advanced, and which had for some days been firing into our camp. The attempt was successful, and the Cavalry captured all the guns, and brought them into camp. He continued in charge of the En- gineer park throughout the second siege. When the breaches had been completed in the city wall, he was sent as a guide with the assaulting party of the left breach. The assault was successful, but Taylor was severely wounded. After the capture of Mooltan in Jan., 1849', h^ took the Engineer park over 200 miles to Goojerat, and joined the Commander-in-Chief. He was ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 523 present at the battle of Goojerat on the 29th Feb. as Orderly Officer to the Chief-Engineer, Sir John Cheape ; after the battle he was appointed Adjt. of Engineers under Major Napier, and in that capacity marched to Peshawar with Sir Walter Gilbert's force, and was present at the surrender of the Sikh army near Rawal Pindi. In May of the same year, was sent to that place to house the troops that were stationed there. In 1850 he was charged with the construction of a new main military road from Lahore to Peshawur. The work was a difficult one ; no roads existed ; the country was but little known to us ; the distance was 265 miles ; there were no maps, and the hot weather had just set in. Between 1850 and 1857, Taylor was employed in the Punjab in the P.W. Dept., and in June, 1857, joined the force before Delhi, and was present through the whole operations as second in command of the Engineers under Baird Smith. The actual siege operations did not begin until the 7th Sept. The long interval was passed in defending our position against the constant attacks of an enemy who were numerically immen- sely superior, and in preparation for the siege when reinforce- ments and a siege train should arrive from the Punjab. During the interval Taylor succeeded on several occasions in penetrating alone, and in daylight, through the enemy's outposts to study the ground on which our operations would have to be con- ducted. On the detailed information so obtained and his own general knowledge of the locality, Capt. Baird Smith prepared the project of attack. On the evening of 6th Sept. the project was formally considered by Genl. Wilson, but he was not able to accept Taylors verbal explanation of the facilities offered by the ground and the buildings on it, for the reason that he considered it impossible any officer could have visited the sites in question, as they had constantly been occupied by 524 ADDISCOMBE the enemy. At this juncture Genl. Nicholson vokinteered to acconii)any Taylor if he would then and there take him to the ground. It was now dark, and they did not know in what force the enemy was then occupying it, Ijut there appeared to be no better way of overcoming Genl. Wilson's misgivings. They went to some of the places of most importance, and had the immense good fortune to find them unoccupied. Nicholson was entirely satisfied, duly reported what he had seen to Genl. Wilson, who then gave his sanction to the Chief Engineer's pro- posals, and on /th Sept. the siege was commenced in accor- dance with them. Throughout the siege Taylor was the Senior Engineer Officer in the trenches, and it may be of interest to know that Nichol- son remained with him every day in case any contingency should arise in which the weight of his authority might save time. The assault took place at dawn on the 14th. Taylor was attached to the column under Nicholson, who was not, however, actually pre- sent whon the assault was delivered. His command was ex- tended at the last moment, and he left Taylor in charge while he went to give instructions to his new column. In this way it came about that the assault was actually made under Taylor's orders in Nicholson's temporary absence. Nicholson, however, followed on sharp after them. After the assault there remained 8 Engineer Officers fit for duty out of 27 who had joined the force during the operations. On the 19th Sept., with a small detachment of one ofH.M.'s. Regts., Taylor worked through the houses and captured the Burn Bastion. This followed on a reconnaissance Taylor had made on the 18th., when he penetrated as far as the Chandnee Chouk ; he found the houses in part occupied, but by their usual inhab- itants, and not by an armed enemy. In the Chandnee Chouk ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 525 he came on the enemy's sentries, one of whom was posted just outside the window of the room he was in. In the afternoon Taylor took Sir Henry Norman to the same place, and the sentry was still there. Next day the palace, and the rest of the city was taken. In the middle of Oct. Taylor marched in command of Sappers to Agra, and afterwards joined the column under Gcnl. Seaton which was proceeding to effect a junction with Sir Colin Campbell. He was present with Seaton's force at the actions of Khasgunge, Gungeree, Puttialee and Mynpooree. In the early morning of the day the affair of Puttialee took place, an interesting incident occurred in the career of Hodson of Hodson's Horse. In the grey of the morning they came to a village which was supposed to be occupied by the insurgents. Finding the gates built up, a horseman was sent to bring up some Sappers with powder bags. While waiting, Hodson wandered alone into an enclosed yard, at one end of which was a long low house with three doors. Forcing in the centre door, he found himself, armed with a short hog spear only, without sword or firearms, in the pre- sence of 13 swordsmen who immediately attacked him. To give himself the best chance, he stepped back from the door one pace into the yard, and as each swordsman came through the door, in an attitude in which he could not use his sword, met him with a fatal spear thrust. This occurred within a few yards of where Taylor had been sitting. Hodson was away a few minutes only, and when he took Alex. Taylor to see what had happened in that short interval, he found 13 armed men dead and dying on the floor of the room. The action which followed at Puttialee was an interesting one. The insurgents were by report 5,000 strong with 13 guns. Our strength was probably 1,200. Hodson's regiment came 526 ADDISCOMBE upon thcni in the early mornin the famous position on the ridge, it held so long. When the siege began, Greathed was apjxjinted Director of the left attack. He greatly distinguished himself in an engagement on 9th July, on the occasion of a sortie from Delhi. Towards the end of the day, he and Burnside of the 8th. Regt. were surrounded with their party in a Serai. They resolv- ed on a sudden rush, and killing the men immediately in front, led the way out, saved their little party, and put the enemy to flight. Greathed had 2 brothers with him at Delhi : Hcrvcy Greathed, the Civil Commissioner attached to the force, and Edward mow Sir Edward), Colonel of 8th Regt. On the morn- ing of the 14th, the day of the assault, he was senior Engineer of the column commanded by Col. Greathed. As they approach- ed the ditch he was severely wounded through the arm and lower part of the chest. When he recovered from his wound he joined the column under Col. Seaton which marched down the Doab, and took part in the engagements of Gungeree, Pattialee and Mynpoory. He next served as directing Engineer of the attack on Luck- now, under Col. Robt. Napier, where he again distinguished him- self. On the capture of Lucknow he returned to his railway appointment. For his services he obtained a Brevet Majority, and a C. B. In i860 he accompanied Sir Robt. Napier to China as extra A. D. C, and was present at battle of Sinho, capture of the Taku forts on the Peiho, and took part in the campaign till the capture of Pckin when he went home with despatches. He arrived in England end of i860, was made Bt. Lt. Col. on 15 Feb., 1 86 1, for his services in China; and in March succeeded ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 533 Norman as Asst. Military Secretary at the Horse Guards. He held this post for 4 years. In 1863 he married Alice, daughter of Rev. Archer Give, of Whitfield, near Hereford. In 1867, after serving at Plymouth and on the Severn de- fences, he returned to India, and was appointed Chief Engineer of Irrigation in the N. W. Prov. In 1872, when at home, he read a paper before the Institute of Civil Engineers on the Irrigation works of N. W. Prov., and was awarded the Telford ]\Iedal and premium of books. On his return to India he resumed his irrigation duties ; and the Agra Canal from the Jumna, and the Lower Ganges Canal are monuments of his labours. He was C. R. E. at the camp of Delhi at the reception of the Prince of Wales in Dec, 1875, and Jan., 1876. In 1875 h^' became ill from over-work, and in July, 1876, left India. He lived for two years longer, and meantime was pro- moted Major-General, but died 29th Dec, 1878, when only 52. In 1876 he obtained a good-service pension. He had been honourably mentioned in 18 despatches, 10 General Orders, in a memorandum by the Lieut. Governor N.W.P., and in a minute by Lord Canning. He received Medal and 3 clasps for Punjab, Medal and 3 clasps for the Mutiny, and Medal and 2 clasps for China. Col. Comdt. George Alexander Renny, V.C, Bengal Artillery, obtained his commission 7th June 1844. He was first engaged in the Sutlej campaign, and was present at the battle of Sobraon. His next service was in the Indian 534 ADDISCOMRK Mutinies. He commanded a troop of H. A. which fired on the Mutineers at JuUundur on 7th, June 1857. He was afterwards at the siege of Delhi from 23rd June. On 14th Sept., he commanded No. 4 siege battery, while a mortar battery was manned by his troof) in the Cashmere bastion, 14th and 15th Sept. and he was engaged in the capture of the magazine on i6th. Lt.-Col. Farquhar, comdg. 1st Belooch Regiment, reported that he was in command of the troops stationed in the Delhi magazine, after its capture on 1 6th Sept. Early in the forenoon of that day a vigorous attack was made on the post by the enemy, and was kept up with great violence for some time without the slightest chance of success. Under cover of a heavy cross-fire from the high houses on the right flank of the magazine, and from Selimghur and the palace, the enemy advanced to the high wall of the magazine, and endeavoured to set fire to a thatched roof. The roof was partially set fire to, but was extinguished on the spot by a Sepoy of the Belooch Regiment, a soldier of the 6ith Regt. having in vain attempted to do so. The roof having again been set on fire, Capt. Renny with great gallantry mounted to the top of the wall of the magazine, and flung several shells with lighted fuzes over into the midst of the enemy which had an almost immediate effect, as the attack at once became feeble at that point, and soon after ceased there. For this act Capt. Renny was awarded the V.C. Renny was also engaged in the capture of the palace, on 20th Sept. He received his Bt. Ma- jority for his services. He commanded afterwards a troop of Horse Artillery in Rohilcund in 1858, and in Brigadier Walpole's action at Sisseya near Philibheet on 15th Jan., 1859. The con- duct of the troop was stated by Lord Clyde to be beyond all praise. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 535 Renny attained the rank of Col. Comdt. and died on 5th Jan. 1887, at the age of 60. General James Thomas Walker, C.B.. Bombay Engineers, son of J. Walker, Esq., M. C. S., was born i Dec, 1825, obtained his commission 9th Dec, 1844, when he was head of his term, and arrived in India 10 May, 1846. He served throughout the Punjab campaign of 1848-49 as Field Engineer, and was present at the siege and surrender of Mooltan when he was mentioned in Brig. Capon's despatch of 28th Dec, 1848, and his services stated to be "deserving of every praise." He was afterwards at the battle of Goojerat, and the subsequent pursuit of the Sikhs and Afghans. From 1849-53 he was employed in making a Mily. Survey of the Northern frontier from Ptshawur down to Dera Ishmael Khan, during which he served as Field Engineer at many of the encounters with the Hill tribes on the frontier, at the attacks of Suggow, Pulli and Zormundi under Col. Bradshaw ; in the affair of the the Kohat Pass under Sir Chas. Napier ; in the actions of Prangzai, Now-adund, Shahkote and Raneezai under Sir Colin Campbell ; and the attack of Boree under Col. Boileau. In the short space of 3 years he completed a survey of mountainous country larger than Wales, for the most part inhabited by lawless Highland tribes, who from the earliest traditions of history have been notorious for their savagery. In 1857, during the Mutiny, he was at first attached to the staff of Brig.-Genl. Neville Chamberlain who commanded the Punjab Movable Column ; and subsequently accompanied him 536 ADDISCOMBK to Delhi where Walker was employed as Field Engineer, and was severely wounded on 14th July. Baird Smith thus alludes to this incident: "The casualties in the Engineer Brigade included 3 officers; Lieut. J. T. Walker of the Bombay Engineers, a young soldier of rare daring and self-possession, who was shot through the thigh after performing one of those cool and noble acts of devoted valour which done anywhere but at Delhi, would assuredly have earned for him the V. C. Directed to blow in the gate of a Serai occupied in force by the enemy, he could only obtain a number of cartridges from the nearest field-battery, as the supply of powder needful for the purpose. Carrying these cartridges himself in the full view of the enemy under a heavy fire, he was fortunate enough to succeed in lodging them against the gate without being hit. He lit the match, and retired ; but seeing after a time, that the port fire had burned out, he advanced again and rc-lit it, when again it failed. He then i)rocured a nnisket, moved out to the vicinity of the gate, and fired into the powder, exploding it at once, and blowing away the woodwork effectually. The attacking party at once rushed in, and slew^ the whole of the enemy found inside. After this successful shot, however, Lieut. Walker received a very severe gunshot wound in the thigh, the ball passing quite through the leg. Before recovering from this wound, an attack of cholera supervened and his services were lost for the remainder of the siege, just at a time when his excellent qualifications as a Military surveyor, his clear intellect, sound judgment and cool courage would have made his aid invaluable to me. The worse than barren credit of driving the enemy within the walls of the place, was dearly bought by all arms at the price of this day's losses in each. Lieuts. Geneste and Perkins were also each slightly wounded." ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 537 For his services Walker received Ills Bt. ^lajority and Medal with clasp. In i860 he served under Sir Neville Chamberlain in the expe- dition against the Mahsood Wiizeerees. He was subsequently for many years Supt. of the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India, and retired from the service on the 1 2th Jan., 1884, with the honorary rank of General, having been promoted to the rank of Lieut. -General on 10 May, 1 88 1. He was nominated a C B. Lieuts. Duncan C. Hoinie, V. C., and Philip Salkeld, V. C., Bengal Engineers. Home left Addiscombe in Dec, 1846, at the head of his term, and Salkeld obtained his commission in June, 1848. They both served at the siege of Delhi, and highly distin- guished themselves at the blowing in of the Cashmere Gate on 14th Sept. On the 13th it was considered by Baird Smith that two sufficient breaches had been made, and it was arranged that they should be examined. Medley and Lang examined that in Cashmere bastion, and Greathed and Home that in the Water bastion. Both breaches were reported practicable, and orders were given for the assault at daybreak on 14th. The 3rd Column under Col. Campbell of 52nd, the Oxfordshire Light Infantry, was directed to assault by the Cashmere Gate, after it should have been blown open. The Engineers attached to it were Lieuts. Home, Salkeld and Tandy. It was arranged that while the 1st and 2nd Columns should direct their attack on the breaches near the Cashmere and Water bastions, the Explosion party should steal ahead, and blow in the Cashmere Gate. The explosion 538 ADDISCOMBE party consisted of Lieuts. Home and Salkeld, Serj^ts. Smith and Carmichael, and Corporal Burgess of the Sappers covered by 200 men of 60th Rifles under Col. Jones. The explosion party advanced straight on the gate under a very hot fire. Home and 4 men carrying powder-bags, pushed through a barrier gate to the foot of the great double gate, succeeded in laying their bags successfully, and jumped into the ditch unhurt. Salkeld was not so fortunate. Before he could reach the gate, from either side of the toi) of the gateway, and from the open wicket a deadly fire was poured on them. Salkeld, however, laid his bags, but was almost immediately shot through the arm and leg. He handed the port-fire to Sergt. Burgess. He, trying to light the fusee, was shot dead. Sergt. Carmichael then seized the port- fire, lighted the fusee, but immediately fell mortally wounded. Sergt. Smith thinking that Carmichael had failed, rushed for- w'ard. but noticing the fusee burning threw himself into the ditch. The next moment the massive gate was shattered with a tremendous explosion, and Home at once ordered Hawthorne to sound the bugle call. The call was repeated three times, but in the noise of the assault it could not be heard ; however, Camp- bell ordered the advance, the 52nd led the way, and in less than a minute they dashed over the bridge, and entered the city just as the other columns had won the breaches. The 3rd column pushed on to within sight of the Jumma Mu.sjid with its gates and arches bricked up and incapable of being forced without powder-bags or guns. Campbell remained in front of it for half an hour in expectation of the other columns, but not seeing them retired on the Begum Bagh. This place Campbell held for an hour and a half exposed to a heavy fire of musketry, grape and canister. Finding that the 1st and 2nd columns had not been able to get further than the Cabul Gate, ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 539 Campbell fell back leisurely on the church, placed the 52nd in the church, occupied Skinner's house with the Kuinaon battalion, and posted ist Punjab hify. in houses at the end of the two streets which led from the interior of the City into the open space round the church. The blowing in of the Cashmere Gate was one of the most daring and gallant exploits which has ever been recorded, Sergts. Burgess and Carmichael were killed on the spot ; and Home and Salkeld, Sergt. Smith and Bugler Hawthorne were recommended for the V. C, but Salkeld died on 13th Oct. owing to the severe wounds he had received : and Home was killed accidentally at Malaghur on 1st Oct., so that of the party only Smith and Hawthorne survived. As soon as Genl. Wilson felt his hold on Delhi secure, he de- tached a force in the direction of Allyghur. Lt.-Col. Ed. Greathed was sent in command, and on 24th Sept. the force marched and moved on Bolandshahur and defeated the enemy there on 28th; Greathed then pushed on to Malaghur, and at once reconnoitred with a view to attack ; the rebels, however, evacuated it. Malaghur was occupied and orders given to des- troy the fortifications. In carrying out this operation an accident happened by which Lieut. Home was unhappily killed on the spot on 1st Oct. Salkeld had previous to the siege of Delhi been present with Genl. Wilson at the battles of the Hindun 30th May, and at Badle-ka-Serai on Sth June, under Genl. Barnard, when the enemy was signally defeated, and the action gave us the celebrated position of the "Ridge." It may be mentioned here that Lt. F. L. Tandy, B. E., who had been attached to 3rd Column in the assault on Delhi, was also killed during that severe struggle. Tandy obtained his 540 ADD IS COM BE coininission Dec, 1H53, and had not been in India two years when he met his death. Lt. -General Sir Richard Hiekam Sankey, K. C. B., Madras Engineers, son ot" Matthew Sankey, Esq., was born in 1829, and obtained his commission Dec, 1846. He arrived in Madras Nov., 1848 and was at once sent to the Sappers at Mercara, then com- manded by Capt. J. W. Rundall ; but in 1850 took up the officiating post of Supt. Engr. Nagpore Subsidiary Force. This appointment he retained for the next 3 years, when he became very ill and went home for 3 years. He returned in 1856 still far from well, but was at once appointed Supt. East Coast Canal. In May, 1857, he was sent up to Calcutta as Under Secretary, P. \V. Dept., under Sir William Baker. On the breaking out of the Mutiny he was first commissioned as Captain of the Calcutta Cavalry X'olunteers, but in Sept., 1857, was [losted to Allahabad for General field-duties. In addition to the com- pletion of the defensive works along the Jumna, he had some heavy work in levelling the whole of the Allygunge quarter of the city, (on which some 6,000 workmen were engaged), to clear the front of the entrenchments, and in addition to this, he had to construct a causeway across the muddy bed of the Ganges, some 1,000 yds. wide, and to establish a bridge of boats to prepare for the crossing ot the troops then expected from home. He was also specially charged with providing shelter for the bodies of advancing troops all along the Grand Trunk Road in N. W. P., and while so engaged arrived at Cawnpore the day before that place was attacked by the Gwallior force under Tantia Topee. He acted as Assist. Field Engr. under Genl. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 541 Windham, the C.R.E. bemg Lt.-Col. N. C. McLeod, B.E. When driven back to our entrenchments he had of course the usual duties in the defence, and at this time he connected an outpost some 600 yards to the north by a simple screen of mats fixed during one night, and though the whole place was swept by fire, hardly a life was lost after the mats were put up. The siege coming to an end with the defeat of the Gwallior Force on 6th Dec, 1857, Lord Canning appointed him Field Engineer to the Goorkha force under Jung Bahadur, to which General MacGrcgor acted as Commissioner and Agent for the Governor-General. Only one other Engineer officer, Lieut. Garnault, B. E., (date of com- mission Dec, 1855,) was with the force, and between them, they had to organize an Engineer Park at Goruckpore as best they could, with scant materials, and with the whole country dis- affected. To provide means for the passage of the Gogra and the Goomtee on the line of march to Lucknow, required the collection of 120 large grain boats (which were towed up the first river under protection of Col. Rowecroft's force, some 3,000 strong, consisting of the Naval brigade and Goorkhas), and the manufacturing a pontoon train from Jheel boats collected from all sorts of places, 100 miles off, and carried on carts to the Gogra with the main Goorkha force. Sankey reconnoitred alone the river Gogra, in view of effecting the crossing into Oude. On 19th Feb., 1858, the Gogra was crossed opposite Now- rance and the fort seized. The next day the action of Phool- pore took place, which caused the enemy to retreat — owing to darkness, the success was not so great as it would otherwise have been. At Phoolpore, Sankey constructed a bridge of boats in 2\ days. The bridge was 960 ft. long, and 3 miles of road had to be made. The next day the Goorkha army 20,000 strong v^ith 24 guns and 5,000 carts crossed into Oude. 542 ADDISCOMBE Lt. Sankey received the thanks of the Commander, as well as those of the Government for " his great and successful exertions on that occasion." On 26th Feb., while on the line of march from Mobarakpore to Akbarpore, they were informed that at a small fort called Jumalpore there was a small party of rebels; and troops were at once sent to attack it. The fort proved a very "hedgehog" of fortification, and very great difficulty was experienced in forcing an entrance. After a long time a gun was forced with great labour through the outer fence of bamboos, into a position within 10 or 12 yards of the wall; another a 12-Pr. and a third were placed at right angles to the first, and the cross-fire thus produced was attended with the happiest results. "Lieut. Sankey of the Engineers who had been on the ground the whole day discovered a small breach made by the first gun ; it ceased firing. He enlarged the opening with his hands until it was sufficiently large to admit his head and shoulders, forced himself through it, and was the first man inside. The gallantry of this act which I was an eye- witness of, I venture to bring particularly to the notice of the Brig.-General." — Capt. Edmonstonc's Report. The jNIilitary Com- mander in his despatch to Government remarked. "The conspi- cuous gallantry of Lieut. Sankey was the admiration of everyone. It was by his advice the gun was brought up which breached the wall, and he was the first man in the fort." General MacGregor strongly recommended Sankey for the V. C, Lord Canning sup- ported the recommendation, and forwarded it to England. It was considered informal and was referred back to India. Mean- time Lord Canning had died ; Sir Hugh Rose, then Commander- in-Chief, referred the case to a Committee of officers, and they reported that " while considering the action a gallant one, yet ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 543 from the circumstance of Major Sankey having been made a Brevet Major while a subaltern they could not support it." General MacGregor thus wrote, "The fact of Major Sankey having been made a Brevet Major one month earlier than he had a right to expect, can hardly be looked upon as weighing in the balance against a decoration which in many respects is deservedly considered the proudest honour in the gift of the Crown. No man in my opinion ever better earned the V. C. than did jNIajor Sankey. In the performance of his duty he exposed himself to almost certain death, setting a brilliant example of courage to the men who were engaged with him at the fort ; and I may add with much truth that his services on that occasion contributed greatly to the capture of the place ; and while it would be a mere act of justice on the part of Her Most Gracious Majesty to confer the V. C. on Major Sankey, it would be at the same time a delicate compliment to the memory of the lamented Earl Canning, who recommended Major Sankey for this honourable distinction." The Authorities w^ould not, however, move in the matter. As a matter of fact Sankey was first made a Brevet !\Iajor, on 20th July, 1858, but after some years it was discovered that being a subaltern at the time he had no right to it ; it was changed to 28th Aug., 1858, the day after he attained the rank of Captain in the Madras Engineers. How the date of a Bt. Majority could affect the question of a V. C. it is utterly impossible to understand, as Sankey would have obtained that even had he not been present at Jumalpore. His services in bridging the Gogra and Goomtee, &c., would have sufficed to gain him the Brevet. Sankey was present at the action of the Kandooah Nulla on 4th Mar. (mentioned), shortly after they had crossed the Goom- 544 ADD IS COM BE tec. He had constructed the bridge for our passage at Sultan- pore, and received the thanks of the Government. "Lieut. Sankey's exertions were as conspicuous as they were successful, and they merit the l)est thanks of the Government." A few days after this the Goorkha force reached Lucknow, and took possession, on the left of Sir Colin Campbell's force, of a suburb south-east of the Charbagh. On the evening of the 1 2th March they made an attack on the Charbagh. On the 13th, a battery under Sankey's advice was established near the Hussain Gange Bridge to enfilade the enemy's entrenchments with 12 guns. After two hours' heavy fire, the Goorkhas rushed over the entrenchment in their front and carried all before them to a i)oint in the City, three-quarters of a mile south of Kaiser Bagh. Lieut. Sankey was engaged with the Goorkhas in this attack, and while waiting with Lt. Robertson at the point they had reached, they heard that Genl. Franks and Napier had then carried the Kaiser Bagh, and at once pushed on through the city with 80 Goorkhas, while the enemy was on the run (magazines exploding on all sides), to the gate of the Kaiser Bagh where they reported themselves to Genl. Franks. At night they returned by Bank's House, and rejoined the Goorkha force. On 15th. Sankey was present with the Goor- khas in the attack on the enemy who were threatening the Alum- bagh; and on the i8th and 19th the Goorkhas attacked the southern suburbs, resulting in the final capture of the City. Lt. Sankey made immediate arrangements for establishing the bridge over the Canal near the Char Bagh. The bridge was made on i8th and 19th under difficult circumstances. The gap was 70 ft. wide, and 38 to 40 ft. deep, while the ripped up roofs of houses only afforded baulks of 16 ft. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 545 After the 19th the Goorkhas had no more fighting; they encamped at Nawabgunge, and soon marched back to Nepaul. Sankey shortly after the siege returned to Calcutta sick, and saw no further service. On 2nd July, 1858, he went on 6 months sick leave. In 1859-60 he was appointed Exec. Engineer and Supt. of Convicts at Moulmein ; in 1860-61 was Garrison Engi- neer, Fort William, and in 1861-64 Asst. Chief Engineer in Mysore. In 1864 he took up the post of Chief Engineer and Secretary to the Chief Commissioner Mysore, and during the next 13 years managed the Public Works of that Province in a masterly manner. In 1870, while holding the post of Chief Engineer, at the request of the Government of Victoria, he was nominated by the Viceroy, Lord Mayo, to proceed on special duty to that Colony. He proceeded to Melbourne, and made a full enquiry into the subject of the large reservoirs and dis- tributary canals, intended mainly for the supply of water for washing down the gold-bearing alluvium of several valleys. This duty, which was mainly that of an arbitrator, occupied him seven months, when he returned to Mysore. On the completion of the duty he received the thanks of the Government. In 1877 he was appointed Under Secretary to the Govern- ment of India, and on the breaking out of the Afghan war, C. R. E. to the South Afghanistan force under Sir Donald Stewart. He organized the Engineer Park at Mooltan, and in Oct., 1878, examined the Indus for the crossing of the army. He reconnoi- tred the Gwajah Pass, Pisheen Valley, and with a brigade of several regiments and 4 Cos. of Sappers, opened it for the passage of heavy artillery, receiving the thanks of the Commander- in-Chief in India. He was present at the cavalry combat on the 4th Jan., 1879, at the Ghlo Kotul, and at the occupation of Kandahar, and Khclat-i-Ghilzai. Mentioned in despatches and 35 546 A D D I S C O M B E received the medal for the war, and a C.B. In Apr., 1879, his services being ur<^ently required, he was appointed Chief Engineer and Secretary to Government at Madras. He held this post till 1883, when he returned to England, and was on ist Jan., 1884, appointed Chairman of the Board of Works in Ireland, which position he has held for more than 10 years. On the occasion of Her Majesty's birthday, 25th May, 1892, he was gazetted a K.C.B. He has been twice married; ist in 1858 to Sophia, daughter of W. H. Benson, Esq. ; and 2ndly, in 1890, to Henrietta, daughter of P. Creagh, Esq., and widow of Ed. Browne, Esq., J. P. By his first wife he has two daughters, one of whom is married to his nephew, Capt. M. Sankey, R.E. Major Morgan C. Sankey, Bengal Artillery, elder brother of Sir Richard Sankey K. C. B., born 3rd Nov., 1827, entered Addiscombc in Feb., 1844, and obtained his com- mission June, 1846. He highly distinguished himself. He first served at the siege of Mooltan, 1848-49, and w^as severely wounded in Jan., 1849, when commanding an advanced howitzer battery. In May, 1857, he performed a most important duty at a critical juncture. Phillour Fort, 30 miles from JuUunder, was at this time in charge of a regiment of Nat. Infy. It contained an important magazine and was situated on the high road from JuUunder to Delhi, commands the passage of the Sutlej at Loodiana, and had it fallen into the hands of the enemy would have proved a most serious obstacle to the advance of Chamberlain's and Nicholson's forces to Delhi ; to .say nothing of the valuable siege-train which was preserved from the hands of the rebels and was afterwards made use of at the ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 547 siege of Delhi. On nth May, Sankey with Lt. Dobbin and 150 men of H. M.'s 8th left JuUunder, and at 3 a. m. on the 12th arri- ved at Phillour. Sankey with 6 men crept past the Native Guard and thus Phillour was ours without a blow. Leaving Lt. Dobbin at Phillour, Sankey with a few Artillerymen and a Co. of 8th, 6 guns and ammunition returned to Jullunder. Sir John Lawrence was greatly and justly praised for sending troops and siege-train to Delhi, and what is mentioned above shows whence the siege-train came, and to whom we were indebted for their preservation from the Sepoys. In June Sankey went to Delhi and was engaged there till its capture in Sept., 1857. He was present at the battle of Nujuffghur and was mentioned. During the assault he served as Staff-Officer H. A. under Sir Hope Grant and was mentioned. In Jan., 1859, he commanded half a troop of H. A. in an expedition towards Bikaneer after Tantia Topee. In Feb., 1865, he was Major of Brig. Right Column Bhootan Field Force under Genl. Tombs V. C, C. B., and was present at capture of Dewangiri. He did excellent service on this occa- sion and the capture of the place was a great deal due to his advice and exertions. He suffered from Bhootan fever and afterwards got cholera ; this brought about a complication which ended in his death at Sealkote in 1866 before he was 39. Lieut. George Dobson Willoughby, Bengal Artillery, obtained his commission Dec, 1846. At the time of the outbreak of the Mutiny at Delhi in May, 1857, he was in charge of the Great Magazine in that fortress, and with him were associated Lts. Forrest and Raynor of the 548 . A 1 ) DISCO M B I-: Ordnance Dcpt. and 6 European Conductors and Sergeants, the remainder of establishment being Native. "In the early morn- ing, while Willoughby was at his accustomed duties, the magis- trate, Sir T. Metcalfe, informed him that the Meerut Mutineers were streaming across the river, and Willoughby at once braced himself up for the defence of the magazine. The outer gates were closed and barricaded, guns were brought out, loaded with double charges of grape, and posted within the gates. One of the nine stood ready to discharge the 6-Prs. if the enemy should find their way into the enclosure. A train was then laid from the powder magazine, so that if necessary the magazine might be blown into the air. Again and again messengers came from the Palace ordering the surrender of the magazine in the name of the King. No answer was sent. Scaling ladders were brought by the enemy, and they commenced to swarm over the walls, while all the Native subordinates joined the enemy. As the enemy came over the walls round after round of grape shot was delivered from our guns, riddling the advancing multi- tudes, but still they came on. The Englishmen held their ground tilt their available ammunition was exhausted. They could not leave the guns to bring up shot from the magazine, and there were none to help them. Two of the defenders were by this time wounded, and it was plain they could not longer hold the magazine from the grasp of the enemy — so the signal to fire the train was given. Conductor Scully fired it. In a few seconds there was a tremendous explosion, and the magazine was blown into the air. Not one of that gallant band expected to escape, but in the confusion which ensued, four of them (though at first stunned and bewildered, shattered and bruisedj made good their retreat. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 549 " Willoughby and Forrest escaped to the Main Guard, while Raynor and Buckly eventually reached Meerut. Scully and his gallant comrades were never seen alive again. The enemy paid dearly for this sacrifice. Hundreds perished in that great explosion, and others at a distance were struck down by the fragments of the building, or by bullets flung from the cartridges ignited in store. The effect of the heroic deed can never be exactly computed, but the grandeur of the conception cannot be measured by its results. From one end of India to another it filled men's minds with enthusiastic admiration, and when news reached England that a young Artillery officer named Willoughby had blown up the Delhi Magazine, there was a burst of applause that came from the deep heart of the nation. It was the first of many intrepid acts which have made us proud of our countrymen in India, but its brilliancy has never been eclipsed." (Kaye's History). The gallant Willoughby escaped from Delhi, but only to perish by the way. It is believed that he was murdered with several companions by the inhabitants of a village near the Hindun river on the 12th May. His brother Edward Henry Willoughby who obtained his commission on 14th June, 1850, died from the effects of a wound received on 22nd June, 1857, at the blowing open of the gate of the fort of Balabet, when he was with a force under Major Gaussen which had been sent from Saugor by Brig. Sage. Major-General George Hutchinson, C.B., C.S.I. , Bengal Engineers, son of Col. George Hutchinson, Bengal Engineers (who obtained his commission at Addiscombe on 23rd Dec, 181 2j, was born 18 Mar., 1826, went to Addiscombe in 1842 and left in June, 550 ADDISCOMBE 1844. Soon after reaching India in Feb., 1846, he joined the army of the Sutlej, just after the battle of Sobraon, and marched with the army from Sobraon to Lahore. At Lahore, before the treaty was signed, he, with 4 other Engineer officers, completed a survey of the environs of the city. It was in March, 1857, that Sir Henry Lawrence assumed the reins of Government in Oude, and Hutchinson was then employed in the P.W.D. On the loth May Hutchinson was at Mahumdee on the extreme of the Oude frontier, 18 miles from Shahjehanpore where he visited Mr. Thomason, Dep. Commissioner. At that time the only alarming quarter was Seetapore. On 19th May Hutchinson reached Seetapore, examining a line for a new trunk road. Here he met Mr. Christian, and ascertained from him the exact state of affairs. He remained there till 2 5t]i May, and then returned to Lucknow carrying with him a scheme by Mr. Christian for re- moving a portion of the native troops from Lucknow, so as to neutralise their evil propensities by marching them up through Seetapore, and eventually posting them along the N. frontier. Next day the scheme was laid before Lawrence, and on the 27th he decided to carry it out, although at first he said, " My dear Hutchinson, do you want to have your throat cut } " Lawrence appointed Hutchinson his A.D.C., and ordered him to proceed as Political Officer. The troops to go consisted of 2 troops 7th Lt. Cavalry and 2 Cos. 48th N.I., altogether 400 men ; and the route was to be by Sundeela and Sandee towards Futteh- ghur. Major Marriott took command of the troops under Hut- chinson's control. On the 28th the column marched and there were 6 officers with it, as well as Dr. Darby. Two days after, the troops in Lucknow mutinied; but it was not till 1st June that this news reached the column near Sundeela when their conduct changed, and they evidently wanted to get to Delhi. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 551 The column was now very awkwardly situated, mutineers from Lucknow in its rear and flank, the ]\Iulaon treasury standing temptingly ahead, and the Futteghur magistrate desiring that the column should on no account come there. It was arranged that after passing Mulaon the force should encamp on the banks of the Ganges. Hutchinson and Tulloch remained behind to bring supplies so that the troops need not go to Mulaon. On reaching the Ganges next day at 12, they found all the column across the river, and that their own bag- age had been put down on an island in the Ganges. Hutchin- son determined not to cross, but to endeavour to get the offi- cers to come back. Major Marriott and Dr. Darby joined him, but the other officers remained with the troops. Hutchinson remained till midnight, and then commenced his return journey. On their way back to Lucknow they saved ]Mr. Capper and Lt. Inglis who were at jNIulaon. The officers who remained, were all killed by their men, except Lt. Boulton, who managed to ride into the entrenchments at Cawnpore, and was killed there. Having perpetrated this foul deed the men marched off to Delhi. Hutchinson's party at JNIulaon seized 2 guns, spiked and threw them down a well. The Sikh escort behaved admirably, they had escorted 5 officers safely through a country up in arms, and they had been sorely tempted. All were rewarded on reach- ing Lucknow, yet, incredible as it may appear, their leader, a very fine young man, and some 5 or 6 others deserted during the siege of the "Baillee Guard". Hutchinson after his return to Lucknow served throughout the defence of the Residency, and had sole charge of the works of the old garrison as Senior Engineer fit for duty, from the date of the relief by Genls. Havelock and Outram till the final relief by Lord Clyde. 552 ADDlSCOiMBI": For the last lO days prior to the final relief he had charge as Director of Works of the old and new garrisons. Immediately on marching out of Liicknow, Hutchinson took up the duty of Chief Engineer to Sir James Outrani's force at Alumbagh until the return of Lord Clyde in March, 1858, for the capture of Lucknow. After the return of Lord Clyde, Hutchinson was Brigade Major of Engineers, and for a few days commanded the Bengal Engineers. His services at the Alumbagh, at Lucknow during the defence, and at th(> final capture of Luck- now were eulogised on many occasions by Sir John Inglis, Sir James Outram, Sir Robert Napier and by Lord Canning. Outran! said, " The outpost of Her Majesty's 78th High- landers under Cai)tain Lockhart has also been vigorously assailed by the enemy's miners. Its proximity to the entrenchment made it convenient to place it under the charge of the Officiat- ing Garrison Engineer., Lt. Hutchinson, under whose skilful directions, the enemy have been completely outmined by the soldiers of H. M.'s 78th," In a general order dated 22nd Dec, 1857, Eord Canning assured Capt. Cronunelin and Lts. Hut- chinson, Russell and Limond that he thoroughly appreciated "the courage, skill and energy with which they bore their very arduous part in the siege." Napier remarked, "Had Capt. Hutchinson's service terminated with the defence of Lucknow, he would have received his Brevet Majority ; and the important duties he performed as Chief Engineer to Sir James Outram's force, and as Brigade Major during the recapture of Lucknow will, I trust, obtain for him some further marks of the favour of His Lordship's Govern- ment." Outram in a Memo, dated 23rd June, 1859, states, "I am of opinion that the Engineering works planned and executed by ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 553 Major (then Lieut.) Hutchinson for the defence of the Alunibagh position were as important as ever heretofore have fallen to the charge of any field-officer of Engineers. To the skill and ability with which the defensive works were laid out and con- structed, I attribute in a great measure, the gratifying fact that the enemy never was able to penetrate within our lines and picquets, though extending over a circuit of upwards of 10 miles, and the little loss we sustained in repelling their attacks." Outram in a letter to Hutchinson, dated 29th March, 1858, said, " Your high professional qualities, your great abilities, and your sterling worth ought, and I feel assured will^ secure your rapid advance- ment and great distinction, and none of your friends will more rejoice at your good fortune than myself." After the capture of Lucknow, Hutchinson was appointed March, 1858, Military Secretary to the Chief Commissioner in Oude, Sir Robert Montgomery; and on i6th Feb., 1859, re- ceived his warmest thanks " for his excellent counsel, and ju- dicious advice during the time we were associated together," and Lord Canning thanked him for his good service, saying, he knew "the value Sir R. Montgomery attached to your aid, and how much the Government has benefited by it." In June, i860, Sir Charles Wood, Secretary of State, wrote to Hutchinson to say that "The excellent service performed by you during the Mutiny has been brought to the notice of the Queen .... and I have been commanded to convey to you the gracious approbation of Her Majesty of your conduct dur- ing that critical period." Sir Robert Montgomery wrote, "His services during the 1 1 months I was in Oude, were most valu- able to me. The rebels held the whole country, with the excep- tion of the localities where our troops were. It was not till Dec, 1858, that we fully occupied Oude." Shortly after Sir 554 ADD ISC OM BE R. Montgomery was appointed Lieut. -Governor of the Punjab, Hutchinson went to officiate as his Military Secretary. When the Pohce in the Punjab were newly organised, Hutchinson's great and varied excellence led Mont<^omery to appoint him to ori^an- ise the force, and his services in that capacity proved to be equally as great and beneficial to the Government as in the other two posts he held. In 1868 Sir Donald McLeod highly eulogised his services as Inspector General; as did also Sir Henry Davies in 1874. On 7th June, 1875, li^' attained the rank of Col. in the Bengal S. C. which he had joined in 1861, having heard that all Engineer and Artillery officers in Civil Employ would have to give up their appointments, or be transferred to the Staff Corps. After- wards, when he found that "seconding" would be introduced, he endeavoured to get the transfer cancelled, but without avail. He retired with the rank of Major-General on 14th June, 1876. Major Ch.\rles Nasmyth, Bombay Artillery, son of C. Nasmyth, Esq., of Charlotte Square, Edinburgh, was nomi- nated a cadet at Addiscombe in 1843, and obtained a commission in 1845. Having served 7 years or more in India, and having, while serving in Guzerat, lost his health, he was sent to England on medical certificate in 1853, and was then recommended to seek change of air in the Mediterranean. After a short stay at Malta, he proceeded to Constantinople, and thence to Omar Pasha's Camp at Schumla. From Schumla he visited the Do- brudscha after it was vacated by the Turks, supplying informa- tion to Lord Stratford de Redcliffe regarding the state of the country. Having reached Silistria in the inonth of May, ere yet the siege had commenced, he made his services available to the ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 555 garrison, and for so doing he received the approbation of both English and Turkish Governments, the latter accompanied by gold medals for the campaign of the Danube and the siege of Silistria ; as well as the order of the Alejidie. The hardships, privations and anxieties of that period again shattered his health, and he was for some time afterwards laid aside at Constantinople, having lost all his personal property. He afterwards served in the Crimea, and obtained the medals with clasps for Alma, In- kerman and Sebastopol. From the Crimea he was invalided on account of bad health, and returned to England. In Sept., 1854. he was transferred, for his services, from the Indian to Her Majesty's Army. He was then appointed to the Kilkenny dis- trict as an Asst. Adjt. -General. Afterwards he was Brigade Major at the Curragh, and later Brigade Major and Deputy Asst. Adjt. -General in Dublin. At the Curragh, however, his health had been further damaged, and not rallying in Dublin he was trans- ferred to Australia, and went to Sydney. But disease had taken too strong a hold on him, and in the end of 1859 he was invalided home. He reached Pau, near the Pyrennees, where he remained till his death on 2nd June, 1 861. After his gallant and successful defence of Silistria the freedom of the City of Edin- burgh (where he had been educated) was conferred upon him. The early removal of one whose professional skill and personal gallantry effected so early and important successes in the Turkish campaign was greatly lamented. He faced his last enemy with the same composure and courage which distinguished his whole career. An account of the siege of Silistria and Nasmyth's connection w'ith its glorious defence is to be found in Chap. II., Vol. II., of Kinglake's "Invasion of the Crimea." In Chap. III. Kinglake (who had known Nasmyth in the Crimea) thus writes, "He was a man of quiet and gentle manners, and 556 ADDISCOMBE so free from vanity — so free from all idea of self-^ratulation — that he always seemed as though he were unconscious of having stood as he did in the path of the Czar ; but it chanced that he had gone to the seat of war in the service of the "Times," and naturally the lustre of his achievement was in some degree shed upon the keen watchful Company, which had had the fore- sight to send him at the right moment into the midst of events on which the fate of Russia was hanging ; for while the State armies of France and England were as yet only gathering their strength, the " Times '" was able to say that its own officer had confronted the enemy upon the very ground we most needed to win, and helped to drive him back from the Danube in great discom- fiture." General Sir George Tompkins Chesney, K. C. B., C. S. I., C. I. E., Bengal Engineers, born 1H30, obtained his commission Dec, 184S. In 1850 he arrived in India, and until the outbreak of the ^Mutiny in 1857, was employed in the P. W. D. In the Mutiny cami)aign he was present at the battle of Badle-ka-Serai, served as Brigade INIajor of Engineers throughout the siege of Delhi, and was twice severely wounded at the assault on 14th Sept., 1857. He was mentioned in despatches, and received his Brevet of Major. On the pacification of the country he resumed his duties in the P. \V. D. In 1861 he was selected to undertake a compre- hensive reform of the system of public accounts, being charged with the formation of the new' Department of Account of w^hich he became the head. For his services, he received particular acknowledgment from the Government of India ; and in 1 865 was directed to introduce a similar financial reform on the ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 557 various Indian Railways. For this he received further acknow- ledgments. In 1870 Lt.-Col. Chesney was re-called to England by the Duke of Argyll, Secretary of State for India, to be head of a Civil Engineering College for the Indian service, which was established in 1871 at Cooper's Hill. He held the office of President of this College till 1880, when he returned to India at the invitation of the Marquis of Ripon, Viceroy of India, to take up the office of Secy, to Indian Government in the Mily. Department, in order that he might undertake a reform of the administrative system of the Indian army on the lines marked out by Colonel Chesney in his work on " Indian Polity." These reforms were in active progress during the next five years, when Major-Genl. Chesney returned to England, In 1886 he was appointed Member of the Governor-General's Council, and as head of the Indian War Department it fell to him to give further effect to the reforms he had been the first to advocate 10 years before. It may be mentioned that "Indian Polity" is not concerned only with military affairs, it also advocated reforms in every branch of the Civil Administration, and Sir George Chesney as a Member of the Indian Government, had the satisfaction of taking an active part in carrying out a large number of these. It may be considered that "Indian Polity" is now obsolete, because the measures advocated, which from their novelty met with much opposition in various quarters, have, in course of time, become generally accepted. While at the head of the Indian War Department Sir George Chesney in conjunction with the late Viceroys, the Marquises of Dufferin and Lansdowne, and the Indian Council, carried out the Great Works of the frontier and harbour defences of India, at a cost of 5 millions sterling, which have been designed to 558 ADDISCOMBE secure the safety of India from attack by land or sea. These were begun in 1886, when Chesney first took office, and were almost completed when he left India in 1891. It may be mentioned that the separated Presidential system of Mily. Administration which Sir George Chesney recommended, has been embodied in a Bill which has been passed by Parlia- ment in session of last year. He was appointed a K.C.B. about 1886, and is also a C.S.I, and CLE. He became Col. Comdt. on 28th March, 1890, and attained the rank of General on ist April, 1892. At the last General Election he was elected M.P. for Oxford. Lt.-Genl. J.ames John McLeod Innes, V.C, Bengal Engineers, son of James Innes, Esq., Surgeon, Bengal Army, was born 5 Feb., 1830, joined Addiscombe Feb., 1847, left it at head of his term with the Pollock Medal Dec, 1848, arrived in India in Nov., 1850, and was employed until 1857 in the construction of the Baree Doab Canal in the Punjab ; but on the annexation of Oude he was transferred as As.st. to the Chief Engineer in that Province, and as a consequence served throughout the Mutiny campaign in Oude from May, 1857, to April, 1858. At the outbreak he was placed in charge of the Muchee Bhowan at Lucknow, to fortify it so that it might serve as a post of refuge, and to over- awe the city. After the disastrous action at Chinhut, the post had to be evacuated, and the w^hole force concentrated at the Residency on the 2nd night of the siege. The troops were successfully withdrawn, and the fort blown up under the direc- tion of McLeod Innes. He served throughout the defence of the Residency, and was especially employed in the mining operations. Amongst other work of this nature he blew up Johannes' house ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 559 which had commanded the S.W. side of the position. On the relief of Luclcnow by Havelock, McLeod Innes took part in all the sorties, and was then placed in charge of the mining ope- rations in the new position occupied by the relieving force. After the evacuation of Lucknow, he was posted to Genl. Frank's Field Column during its march through Oude, and was present at the affairs of Miratpore, Chande, and Ameerpore, and greatly distinguished himself at the battle of Sultanpore. For his services on this occasion, he was decorated with the V.C. "On the 23rd Feb., 1858, at the action of Sultanpore, Ft. Innes, far in advance of the leading skirmishers, was the first to secure a gun which the enemy was abandoning. Retiring from this, they rallied round another gun further back, from which the shot would in another instant have ploughed through our advancing columns, when Lt. Innes rode up unsupported, shot the gunner who was about to apply the match, and remaining undaunted at his post, the mark for a hundred matchlockmen who were shel- tered in some adjoining huts, kept the Artillery men at bay until assistance reached him". He afterwards joined the army before Lucknow, and was severely wounded on the day of joining. For his services at the defence of Lucknow he received the thanks of Sir John Inglis for his "arduous duties" and " gallant bearing." On the day when Addiscombe was closed he was specially mentioned by the Secretary of State, and the Address of Lord Canning to him (McLeod Innesj on the occasion of the presentation of the V.C. was read to the assembled cadets at the final Public Examination. After the conclusion of the Mutiny Campaign he served in Fort William, the Central Provinces, and the Punjab in various grades in P.W. Department till 1867. 56o ADDISCOMBE In 1 868 he was employed on the Commission for investi<,'atini,' the failure of the Bank of Bombay; and in 1869 he started the upper section of the Indus Valley Railway. In 1870 he was appointed Accountant General P.W.D., and this important post he held for 10 years. In 1881 he was appointed Inspector General of Military Works, when he drew up designs for Coast and Frontier Defences, and carried out most of the new internal defences. He attained the rank of Major-General 28th Nov. 1885, and retired on i6th March, 1886, as a Lieut. -General. He received his Bt. Majority on 28th Aug. 1886; on 30th Oct., 1855, he married the daughter of Profr. Hugh Macpher- son of Aberdeen. General John Archib.ald Ballard, C.B., Bombay Engineers, was the son of a Calcutta merchant, who died when he was quite a child. He was born 20th June, 1830, and was educated at Wimbledon. He entered Addiscombe in 1847, and obtained his commission on 8th Dec, 1848. He went to India in 1850, and served there till 1854, when he went home on sick leave. On his way home, he turned aside to Constantinople at the very time that a Russian army under Paskievitch was marching on the Danube, with the intention of taking Silistria. At this time Silistria had been feebly fortified by a Prussian Engineer named Grach who was inside it, together with two English officers. Captain Butler of the Ceylon Rifles, and Lt. Nasmyth of the Bombay Artillery; while Omar Pasha was strongly en- trenched at Schumla, 60 miles south. The Russians opened their first i)arallel on 19th May, but Silistria was not completely ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 561 invested; and General Cannon was able to enter it 12th June, with his brigade of Turks, and reinforcing the garrison, left it five days later. Ballard got to Schumla on 23 rd May, and entered Silistria on 13th June, the bearer of orders from Omar Pasha, by whom he had been invested with the rank of Lt.-Col., and appointed a Member of the Council of War for deciding all matters connected with the siege. Nasmyth left with General Cannon, and Ballard and Butler remained the only Englishmen in Silistria. The day before Ballard arrived, Butler had been badly wounded in the forehead, when he got fever, became delirious and finally died on 21st June. On 23rd the Russians abandoned the siege, and Ballard at once commenced a survey of the works. "So ended this desperately fought siege, when besiegers and besieged were within 1 5 yards of each other, and when even the most hopeful friends of the Turk had given Silistria up for lost. Of Ballard's own performances, there was no Frank left to tell the tale, and he was so innately modest, that it was difficult to get him to allude to the siege, although at the time he wrote some letters about it to the "Times". But the Turks fully appreciated the cool young Engineer, and Kinglake in his history alluding to his presence in the town says, "Whenever the enemy stirred, there was always at least one English lad in Arab Tabia directing the counsels of the garrison, repres- sing the thought of surrender, and keeping the men in good heart." Two days after the Russians retired. Bent and Burke (R.E. officers) and Nasmyth arrived. The Turks not content with repulsing the Russians on the ritrht bank of the Danube, crossed from Rustchuk, and on 1st 36 562 ADDISCOMBE July attacked the Russians at Giur^evo. Ballard commanded the skirmishers who covered the landing, and kept back the enemy till the Turks could entrench themselves. Four times the Russians cam.e on, but every time they were repulsed. The loss was heavy on both sides, and of 7 English officers engaged 3 were killed. The Turks with the assistance of some English sailors and Sappers who had come up in gunboats, bridged the river, and when Gortschakoff arrived with 60,000 men on 10th July, he considered the position too strong to be attacked, and retreated. There were no further attempts on the Danube that year ; and Kinglake says, " The discomfiture at Giurgevo was more bitter to the Czar than any of the disasters which had hitherto tried his patience." Ballard then thought the war was over, and took a short leave home ; but by the end of November was back on the Danube, and on 9th Dec. landed with Turkish troops at Eupatoria in the Crimea. Here he was employed in fortifying the position along with a French Engineer. In Jan. he went over to see the armies before Sebastopol, and gave a terrible account of the suffering there. On 17th Feb. Ballard was present at the battle of Eupatoria, when the Russians attacked the Turkish lines, but were driven off with heavy loss. In the beginning of April, Ballard accom- panied the Turkish troops to Kamiesch Bay, near Sebastopol, and at this time he found a great contrast from what he had witnessed in Jan. Now, men and officers were well fed and clothed, and the army had been having races and other sports. In June Ballard served with the expedition to Kertch ; and in July he went to Constantinople, returning to Sebastopol just in time for the final bombardment at the beginning of Sept. He witnessed the attacks on the Malakoff and the Redan on 8th, but was not personally engaged. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 563 While the alUed armies were thus occupied in the Crimea, Mouravieff was besieging Kars ; and at the end of June the Ottoman Government woke up to the fact, that if they wanted to save Kars they had better do it at once. Omar Pasha pre- pared for the removal of the Turkish forces to the East Coast of the Black Sea to operate in Mingrelia and Georgia. The Government at home advised an expedition to Erzeroum instead, and when the Allied Generals were consulted they protested against the withdrawal of the Turks at all. All the evils of a divided authority were now apparent. English, French and Turks each urging their own views ; with the result that Kars fell into the hands of the Russians, and it was not till 19th Sept. that the first detachment of Turks was allowed to embark from Balaklava. Ballard went with this expedition in command of 3 battalions of Rifles. The campaign was, however, 3 months too late ; the fine summer weather was lost, and heavy rains and high floods checked all progress. The chief event was the battle of the Ingour River. The Turks were 3 times as numerous as the Russians ; the latter were strongly posted on the left bank of the Ingour, a rapid river 100 yards wide, but easily forded, and with closely wooded banks. The Turkish army was on the right bank — the advanced guard, 3 '/., battalions of Infantry with 4 guns and a squadron of Cavalry, under Ballard. Ballard was directed to line the river bank, and occupy the attention of the enemy, while officers were sent to find other fords. All that afternoon Ballard was hotly engaged with the enemy. At 5.30 Omar Pasha, at Ballard's request, relieved the troops which had been engaged, with some fresh ones ; and at that time Col. (now Field Marshal Sir Lintorn) Simmons dislodged the enemy from 564 A D D 1 S C O M 13 E their position. He had crossed the river higher up, and had succeeded in taking 4 of the Russian guns. Ballard wrote to his mother: "I had great reason to be thankful for preserva- tion, as for the 4 hours we were engaged the fire was very hot, both of grape and musketry, all at us alone. 1 lost 1 1 i men altogether. Simmons' movement was no doubt the affair of the day, and I hope he will get something for it." An eye-witness writing of Ballard on this occasion says, "He and his black horse, a kicking animal led behind him as he arranged and overlooked his riflemen, seemed to bear charmed lives. His perfectly calm manner had a wonderful effect on the Turks, who themselves were brave, quiet and good soldiers. In his strolls along the bank, if he saw a man firing wildly, or unsteadily he would in the gentlest manner say to him, "My friend, don't be in a hurry, you will fire better with a rest, take aim over my shoulder." And the poor victim was compelled to have a shot with his rifle resting on his Colonel's shoulder, and with that officer's body between him and the enemy. All Orientals keenly feel satire or ridicule, and no man's steadiness required to be twice renew'ed in the same way. His coolness under fire was unique. His intellect always clear, was in action clearer and more distinct than at other times, and a glistening of the eye, and a slightly more earnest power or expression with occasional flashes of quiet humour, were the only outward signs of what in him, was the apparent buoyant satisfaction caused by being under a heavy fire." Ballard crossed the river next morning, examined the Russian position, and found that the shots of his force had told well; some 50 horses and 200 dead Russians were there, besides the 3 guns and 28 ammunition waggons. Nothing further occurred worthy of note in Mingrelia ; in spring the army was broken up. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 565 and Ballard returned to Constantinople. The following is a true description of Ballard at this time, taken from " Household Words." "Among the habitues of Misseri's Hotel, Constantinople, I remember the calm features and thoughtful brow of Colonel Ballard, the defender of Silistria, the brave and sagacious sol- dier, ' L'homme sans peiu- et sans reproche,' whose share in one of the most glorious struggles of the war is scarcely known, because of that struggle he himself was the chronicler. After- wards, in the campaign under the Caucasus, by his watchful care over the comfort and well-being of his men, he contri- buted more than any one else has ever done, to impress the common Turks with respect and affection for an Englishman." For his services with the Turkish army he was, when only a Lieut, of Engineers, made a C. B., and was offered an unat- tached Captaincy in the British Army, which he refused. Ballard stayed at Constantinople till July, 1856, when he was appointed with Capt. (afterwards Genl. Sir Henry) Green to a mission to Herat ; but before they started, fresh complications arose which brought about the Persian campaign, and before the end of December Ballard was in the Persian Gulf. He served as Asst. O. M. G. in charge of the Intelligence Dept. under Sir James Outram, and was present at the storming of Reshire, capture of Bushire and battle of Khoosh-Ab. He returned to India Sept., 1857 ; and Jan., 1858, was appointed A. Q. M. G. to Rajpu- tana Field Force under Genl. H. Roberts. The first destination was Kotah on the banks of the Chum- bul. It was taken by assault on 30th Mar., after a few days' siege. The force then marched to Neemuch, and Nasirabad, where it remained till end of June. They then again took the field in pursuit of Tantia Topee, whom they defeated on 14th Aug. on the banks of the Bannas. 566 A D D I S C O M B E Ballard accompanied the Cavalry pursuit which routed the rebels, and returned to camp after 19 hours in the saddle. This was his last service in the field. He returned to England in i860, and in 1861 married the 3rd daughter of Robt. Scott Moncrieff, Esq., of Fossaway, Perthshire. On his return to India, he was appointed Mint Master at Bombay. He held the Mint through a season of unusual activ- ity, when the Civil War in America created an extraordinary demand for Indian cotton, and a Hood of gold poured into the country, followed by reckless speculation. Often and earnestly Ballard warned those around him that this dazzling prosperity was but ephemeral; and as a Director of the Bombay Bank he recorded his protest against some of the reckless loans which brought about its failure. In 1866 he was sent to Cal- cutta to take temporary charge of the Mint there. Famine was then raging in Orissa, &c., and he fitted up a private relief camp at the Mint. An editor of a Calcutta paper wrote to him proposing to publish what he was doing, but Ballard beg- ged that no public allusion might be made to what he had done. In 1868 Ballard returned to England, and the Univer- sity of Edinburgh conferred on him the honorary title of L.L. D. He returned to India in 1870, and wrote a thoughtful pamphlet on the question of introducing a gold currency into India. He advocated it, as perfectly feasible, and highly advan- tageous. In 1 87 1 he went to the Australian Colonies in quest of a place to settle. He visited Tasmania, Victoria and New Zealand, but he came to the conclusion that it would be use- less for him. On his return to Bombay he was appointed in addition to his other duties, Chairman of the Port Trust ; and during his leisure hours he invented a torpedo. He never ceased to have a soldier's aspirations, and said once ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 567 to a friend, "A division and the chance of commanding in the field is what I really covet;" but his health failed him, and in Nov., 1878, he availed himself of a warrant holding out an ad- ditional pension to General Officers retiring before ist Jan., 1879. He settled quietly with his family at Blackheath. But it was hard to feel that he was permanently shelved before he was 49. His interests lay where he had won his spurs, in Turkey. He was anxious to see the state of things for himself, and to judge what solution might be found for the Eastern question in a strong Kingdom of Greece. He left England early in March, and having spent a few days at Athens started for the interior, reaching Molos close to the Pass of Thermopylae on 1st April. He spent the afternoon on that classic ground, returned to the house of a friendly Greek who was entertaining him, ordered dinner and strolled out in the twilight. He did not return, and his guide thinking he had lost his way, went to look for him. He found him apparently asleep on the ground; but life was extinct. He had been suddenly attacked by apoplexy, and gone to rest on the death-bed of Leonidas and his 300. He was buried in the English Cemetery at Athens, accompa- nied to the grave by a large funeral party of the garrison, and the officers and crew of H.M.S. 'Condor', then lying at the Piraeus. The Mint Master of Bombay thus wrote of him: "Great as a soldier and administrator, he was greater still in the eyes of all who knew him as a noble, disinterested, unselfish man; and I am sure his memory will be cherished by all who worked with him during the many years he was in charge of this Mint." In 1860-61 Ballard had contributed papers to Blackwood's Magazine on "National Defences and Volunteers", "The Pursuit of Tantia Topee", "Our only danger in India", "English Embassies to China", "The Persian War of 1856-57." 568 A D D I S C O IM B E Ballard became a Captain 27th Aug., 1858, next day a Brevet Major, and on 7th Dec, Lieut.-Colonel ; in Dec, 1866, he was a Colonel, and a Lieut. -Genl. 29th Nov., 1878, when he was but 48 years of age. He retired 31st Dec, 1878, with the rank of General. He had the Crimean Medal with one clasp, one gold and two silver medals from the Ottoman Government, together with the order of the Medjidie, the Medal for the Persian Campaign with one clasp, and the medal for the Indian Mutiny with one clasp. A friend writes of him, "A good servant of his country in war and in peace, a good son, a good brother, a good husband, a good father, and a good friend, the memory of Archibald Ballard will survive long among many that loved him." Colonel Thomas George Montgomerie, Bengal Engineers, a son of Col. W. E. Montgomerie of the Ayrshire Yeomanry, and of Amrich Lodge, Ayrshire, was born in 1830, and left Addiscombe in June, 1849, ^t the head of his term with the Pollock Medal. He arrived in India in June, 1851, and after a short tour of duty with the tappers, was posted to the Trigo- nometrical Survey under Sir Andrew Waugh. His earliest work was as.sisting in the measurement of the bases of verification on the plain of Chach, near Attock, in 1853, and at Kurrachee in 1854-55. After this he was employed for the next 9 or 10 years in the topographical survey of Kashmir, that is, the whole dominion of the Maharajas of Jamu and Kash- mir, including the Tibetan regions of Ladak and Balti, an area of 70,000 square miles. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 569 The field of these labours embraced one of the most stu- pendous mountam tracts in the world, and certainly the most gigantic group of existing glaciers not polar. Many of the stations of observation exceeded 15,000 ft. in height — while a good many ranged from 18 to 20,000, and in one case the theodolite was set up on a peak near the Chang Chenmo Pass 20,866 ft. above the sea. The success which attended the whole of the prolonged observations to their close, was due, first, to his excellent administration and method ; and secondly, to the strong personal regard that existed between the head of the Survey and his assistants. The tact and ability which Capt. Montgomerie exercised in maintaining amicable relations with the Court, not at all an easy one to deal with, and in preserving discipline among his own large and mixed establish- ment, earned just praise from his chief and the Government. The work of the Survey went on during the whole of the period of the Mutiny. This was due in a great measure to Montgo- merie's friendly relations with the old Maharaja Gulab Singh. The first fruits of these labours was sent home in 1859, and Lord Canning on 29th Aug., 1859, thus wrote of the Map and its author : — " Last month I sent to the Secretary of State the first sheet of the G. T. Survey of Kashmir, the work of Capt. Montgomerie. To my unlearned eye it is as fine an example of topographical drawing as I have ever seen, though the subject is one on which I do not pretend to be an expert judge. " But I can speak of the difficulties under which Capt. Mont- gomerie's task has been accomplished ; not the physical difficul- ties of the ground only, but the awful discouragement and anx- iety of finding himself almost alone in those wild mountains, the people of which had, to say the least, no sympathy with 570 ADDISCOMBE the English rule in India ; and surrounded by Hindustani Sepoys whose comrades and relatives were amongst the most active movers in the chaos of murder and rebellion which was boiling in the plains below. Capt. Montgomerie, however, by his own courage and tact, not only kept his men under discipline, and got good work out of them, but brought them back loyal, and attached to the service." The noble w^riter then went on into high commendation of the body to which Montgomerie belonged. The Kashmir Survey was completed in 1863-64; and in the following winter, Montgomerie went home on medical certificate. In 1865 the Founders' Medal of the Geographical Society was presented to him for his Himalayan work. Long before the completion of this survey, Montgomerie had given much consi- deration to the means of extending accurate reconnaissance in the countries beyond the Indian frontier, and had come to the conclusion that natives properly trained might pass freely, and bring back good geographical results; and in 1863 a !\Iahomedan, Munshi Abdul Hamid, had been despatched to survey the route to Yarkund. Montgomerie, in a short paper read before the R. G. Society, gave an account of this successful journey, and mentioned another of still greater interest which he had started before leaving India. This was the journey of the "Pundit" from Nepal to Lhasa, and along the Upper Valley of the Brahamaputra to the source of that river. Montgomerie's emissaries I for obvious reasons of precaution) were never known till death, or till after their work was quite finished ; and it is only of late years that the most eminent of them, Nain Singh, has been known by name. Montgomerie's report of this expedition was read at R. G. So- ciety m 1868, and ever after new reports from his pen were looked forward to with great interest, as much by foreign geo- ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 571 graphers, as by his own countrymen. Montgomerie returned to India in 1867, and was appointed in INIay to the charge of the Himalayan Survey in Kumaon and Gurhwal; and from 1870 to 1872 he officiated, during the absence of Col. J. T. Walker (Bo. E.), as Supt. of the G. T. Survey of India. In 1873 he was compelled to return to England owing to ill-health, and he was never able to go back to India, as his health now rapidly failed. The foundations of serious disease had been laid during his prolonged and arduous toil on the Kashmir Survey. Finding there was no prospect of his being able to resume work in India, he retired from the service in 1876 at the early age of 46. His service in connection with the Survey has been several times recognized in terms of high praise by Government. In 1872 he was elected an F. R. S., and in 1873 elected to the Athenaeum Club as a person distinguished in Science. He was chosen as Honorary INIember of the Italian, and other Foreign Geographical Societies. His last public service was rendered as British representative at the Geographical Congress held at Paris in 1875, when he was decorated by the French Govern- ment as "Officer of the University of Paris and of Public Instruc- tion." His last appearance on a public occasion was at the Brit. Association at Bristol in 1875, when he read an interesting paper on the Himalayan Glaciers. He was a man of a kindly heart and blameless life, and though of a somewhat reserved character, he was greatly valued by all his brother officers. Montgomerie's whole heart was in his work, and in the geographical subjects immediately connected with it, and yet his candour in considering the views of others was very remarkable. Colonel Sir Henry Yule states, in the paper from which this notice is culled, that he had at various 5/2 ADDISCOMBE times long letters from him on such subjects, but in none was there even a trace of the feeling that expresses itself in '^ Mon siege est fait." Montgomerie took much interest in connection with the grant of the R. G. Societies' Gold Medals to Pundit Nain Sin^h in the spring of 1877, and it was he who communicated to the Pundit the honour paid to his geographical achievements. Col. Montgomerie, in 1864, married Miss Jane Farrington, and left three children at his death on 31st Jan., 1878, when only 48. He contributed many valuable papers to the Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal, and to that of the Royal Geographical Society. Major-General William Spottiswoode Trevor, V. C, Bengal Engineers, second son of Capt. Trevor, who was murdered at Cabul at the time of the assassination of Sir Wm. McNaghten by Akbar Khan. William Trevor and his brothers together with Mrs. Trevor were among the captives in the possession of Akbar Khan, who were finally released in Sept., 1842, after 9 months' captivity. William went to Addiscombe in 1848, and obtained his com- mission in Dec, 1849. He arrived in India in 1851, and soon after went with the Expeditionary force to Burmah in March, 1852. He was engaged in the escalade and capture of the White House Picquet Stockade, in the operations before Rangoon on 1 2th Apr., 1852, when he was severely wounded, and men- tioned in despatch for gallant conduct. He was present at several minor actions with the enemy in the vicinity of Prome. He served with the Field Force under Sir John Cheape in the Donabew District, and was present in about six actions of that ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 573 force, ending with the attack of Mya-toon's entrenched position at Kym-Kazeem on 19th March, when he was again wounded. He was mentioned in the despatch as having been the first, in company with two men of H. M.'s 51st, to elTect an entrance into the enemy's position, after a very obstinate resistance which occasioned us a loss of over 100 men and officers. In Dec, 1 85 1, he accompanied a detachment of British invalid soldiers and Goorkhas from Darjeeling, to intercept the mutineers from Dacca on their way to join the main body of their regiment at Julpigoree, and was present at engagement with them at Cherabunder on the Bhootan Frontier on the 12th Dec, by which the junction was prevented. In 1854-55 Trevor was employed on the Burmah Topographical Survey, and from 1855 to 1857 was an Exec. Engineer in Bassein Division in Burmah. In 1858-59, he was employed in Darjeeling Division as Exec. Engineer, so was not employed in the great operations of the Mutiny campaign. In i860 he was engaged on the Ganges and Darjeeling Road Division; in 1861 as Garrison Engineer at Fort William, and in 1862-63 officiated for i '/., years as Sup. Engineer Northern Circle Bengal. For 4 years he was Controller of P. W. accounts in Bengal, which period included time of service with the Bhotan Expedition, and 20 months' sick leave consequent thereon. During the Bhootan Expedition he was severely wounded, was mentioned in despatches and received his Bt. Majority. He was awarded the V.C. under the following circumstances : For gallant conduct at the attack on the block-house at De- wangiri on 30th April, 1865. Major-Genl. Tombs, C.B., V.C, the officer in command, reported that a party of the enemy, 200 in number, had barricaded themselves in the block-house in question, which they continued to defend after the rest of the 574 ADDISCOMBE position had been carried, and the main body was in retreat. The block-house, which was loop-holed, was the key of the enemy's position. Seeing no officer of the storming party near, and being anxious that the place should be taken at once, as any protracted resistance might have caused the main body of the Bhooteas to rally, the British force having been fighting in a broiling sun on very steep and difficult ground for upwards of three hours, the General in command ordered these two officers (Capt. Trevor and Lt. J. Dundas, B.E.) to show the way into the block-house. They had to climb up a wall which was 14 ft. high, and then to enter a house occupied by some 200 desperate men, head foremost through an opening not more than 2 ft. wide, between the top of the wall and the roof of the block-house. Major-Genl. Tombs states, that on speaking to the Sikh soldiers around him, and telling them in Hindustani to swarm up the wall, none of them responded to the call, until these two officers had shown them the way, when they followed with the greatest alacrity." Both Trevor and Dundas were wounded. How Trevor and Dundas escaped death was a marvel. Per- haps the very restricted space at the point of entrance had something to do with their success, the defenders being unable to use their swords effectively, and getting jammed in their eagerness to close with them ; while the officers used their re- volvers with fatal effect till they cleared the gallery, and enabled the storming party to effect a lodgment. About 60 of the garrison, mostly wounded, surrendered, the rest were killed fighting to the last. In 1867, on his return to India, Trevor was appointed Supg. Engineer in Burmah, where he served for three years, and then returned to England on two years" furlough. In 1872 he became Supg. Engineer Military Works, and offi- ciated as Inspector General for three months until April, 1874, when ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 575 he was transferred as Chief Eni^ineer in charge of Famine ReUef Works in Bengal. In April, 1875, on the close of the Relief works, Trevor received the thanks of Government for his ser- vices, and was then appointed Chief Engineer in Central India ; and in Feb., 1876, Chief Engineer of Burmah, which important post he held for two years, and then took furlough during 1878-79. On return, he reverted to his post as Chief Engr. of Burmah, but a year after was appointed Director General of Railways in India. On 20th Feb., 1882, he was appointed Secretary to the Govt, of India P.W.D., which position he held for five years, retiring from the service on 20th Feb., 1887, with the rank of Major-General. He was not employed in very great Engineering Works, though he had a sufficiently wide and varied experience in ordinary Departmental work to acquire a reputation for energy and ability in overcoming or evading difficulties met with. It was, however, as an organiser and administrator that he was most successful, and gained the reputation which ultimately led to his being se- lected as Secretary to the Government of India. He was always an advocate for simplicity and directness of procedure in the work of all branches of the P.W.D. ; and in early days incurred some odium for what the upholders of the prevailing complex methods deemed his perverse opposition to a perfect system. In the course of time most of these redundant pedantries were given up — greatly to the improvement of the working of the P.W.D. His elder brother, John Salusbury, left Addiscombe June 1847, si^d entered the Bombay Engineers. He retired from the service with the rank of Major-General on 3 1st Dec, 1878 — and was nominated a C.S.I. His younger brother obtained his commission in the Bengal Engineers on 9th Dec, 1852, and retired as a Colonel on ist Oct., 1881. 5/6 ADDISCOMBE Major-Genl. Donald ]\Iacintyre, V. C, Bengal Infantry., entered Addiscombe in 1848, and obtained his commission in June, 1850. Soon after arrival in India, he served with the C6th Goorkhas with both expeditions of 1852 under Sir Colin Camp- bell against the hill tribes on the Peshawur frontier, including the destruction of the fortified village of Pranghur, and action at Ishkakot. He was engaged also with the same regiment in the expedition under Sir Neville Chamberlain to the Koorum Valley, Afghanistan, in 1856; and with the Doaba field-force in 1864. He was employed on several occasions in 1857-58, when raising a Goorkha Regiment (now 4th), in protecting the hill passes on the Kale Kumaon frontier from the Rohilcund Rebels, and in keeping the district in order. He served with the Looshai Expedition in 1871-72 when he was several times mentioned in despatches, and received his Bt. of Lt.-Colonel, and V. C. He was awarded the V. C. under the following circumstances at the stormhig of the stockaded village of Lalgnoora on the 4th Jan., 1872. Col. Macpherson, C. B.,V. C, (afterwards Sir Herbert,) commanding the 2nd Goorkha Regt., in which Major Macintyre was 2nd in command, reported that " Macintyre who led the assault, was the first to reach the stockade, from 8 to 9 ft. in height ; and that to climb over and disappear among the flames and smoke of the burning village was the work of a very short time. The stockade was successfully stormed by this officer under fire, the heaviest the Looshaies delivered that day." Macin- tyre commanded the 2nd Goorkhas with the Khyber Column in the Afghan War of 1878-79, and was engaged in both Expe- ditions to the Bazar Valley. He retired on the 24th Dec, 1880, with the rank of Major-General. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 577 Captain jAisiEs Palladio Bassevi, Bengal Engineers, son of George Bassevi, Esq., (the celebrated architect who de- signed the Fitzwilliam Museum at Cambridge, and was attaining great eminence when he lost his life by falling from the tower of Ely Cathedral j — was educated at Rugby and Cheltenham College, and went to Addiscombe in 1850 — obtaining his com- mission in Dec, 1851. He was at the head of his term, and gained the Pollock Medal. He arrived in India in 1853, and for three years was employed in the P. W. D. In 1856 he was appointed to the Trigonometrical Survey, in which he continued to serve up to the time of his death. His natural abilities, great powers of perseverance, and fastidiously conscientious devotion to his duties soon indicated him to be one of the most excellent and valuable officers of the Department. He took a prominent part in all the various branches of the operations, but more particularly in the principal triangulations, of which he completed two chains of an aggregate length of 300 miles. In i860 he rendered valuable assistance in a military recon- naissance of the country of the Mahsood Wuzeeris when an expedition was sent under Sir Neville Chamberlain to punish that tribe. In 1862, while employed on the East Coast, he, single-handed, completed a valuable reconnaissance of the wild mountain tracts of Jeypore and Bustar, west of Vizagapatam, which were then but little known. In i864 he was selected to undertake certain operations for the determination of the force of gravity at the stations of the great meridional arc of triangles, which extends from Cape Comorin to the Himalayas. The investigations were to be effected by measuring the number of vibrations which 37 578 ADDISCOMRE would be made in a given time by certain invariable pendulums when swung at the several stations. Similar operations had been made by various persons in other parts of the world, but generally on islands or coasts. Capt. Bassevi entered on his work with his characteristic ardour and devotion. He carried his observations over at least 1 2 days at each station; for lO hours daily, from 6 a.m. to 4 p.m., he never left his pendulums for more than a few minutes at a time, taking rounds of observation at intervals of an hour and a half apart ; then at night he would devote a couple of hours to star observations for determining time. Thus he voluntarily undertook an amount of work which few men would care to perform continuously, and he carried it through without flinching or at all relaxing his programme of operations during the five years that the work lasted. He also made very elaborate and laborious investigations of the correc- tions for temperature and pressure, to be used in the reduction of his observations. For this purpose it was frequently neces- sary to raise the room to a very high artificial temperature, 40 to 50 degrees above that of the external air. The room was stifling, and of the visitors who went in, few would remain in more than a few minutes ; but Bassevi carried on his observa- tions just as at his ordinary stations for weeks together. As will be seen from the sequel, this may possibly have tend- ed to undermine his constitution. In all cases, it was found that gravity at a coast station is in excess of gravity at a cor- responding inland station, and that at the ocean station it is greater than at Cape Comorin, thereby corroborating the law of local variation previously indicated. Thus far, observations had not been taken at a higher altitude ITS HEROES AND MEN OE NOTE 579 than 7,000 ft., and arrangements were made to swing tlie pen- dulums on some of the elevated table-lands at heights ranging from 14 to 17,000 ft. In the spring of 187 1 Bassevi proceeded to Kashmir on his way to the high table-lands. The Maharajah did all in his power to assist Bassevi, sending with him a con- fidental agent to carry out his orders, with full powers to act. In order to reach the table-lands, Bassevi had to cross some of the most difficult mountain passes in the world, and traverse highly elevated and quite uninhabited regions in which food for man is wholly unprocurable, and fuel very scarce ; while in many parts neither water is to be met with, nor grass for the beasts of burden. He required a large number of men to carry his instruments and camp equipage, and several mules or ponies to convey sufficient food for 30 or 40 days. Early in June he reached Leh, the capital of Ladak ; he then proceeded to the Khiangchu table-land in Rukshu, 80 miles south of Leh. There, at a spot called More, latitude 33° 16' and long- itude ']']° 54' at an altitude of 15,500 feet, he completed a satisfactory series of observations. After applying the usual reductions to sea-level, he found that the force of gravity at More, did not exceed the normal amount for the parallel of latitude 6° to the South, as determined by previous observ- ations. Wishing to have one more independent determination at a high altitude, Bassevi proceeded to the Chang Chenmo Valley, due east of Leh. Near the east end of that valley, on the confines of China, he found a suitable place lat. 34° 10', long. 79°25', at an altitude exceeding 16,000 ft. He hoped to complete his observations in 10 days, and then return to India. But he did not live to carry out his intentions ; already the hand of death was upon him, the over-exertion to which he was subjected in 58o ADD IS COMBE a highly rarefied atmosphere, and under great vicissitudes of cHmatc, was rapidly undermining a constitution which, though vigorous, had already been sorely tried. He reached his last station on 15 July; the next day he had a bad cough, and complained of pains in the chest. No medical aid within hun- dreds of miles, nor any European within some days' journey. He endeavoured to relieve himself from pain in several ways. He rose at 5 a. m. on i6th, but while dressing became suddenly very ill, lay down on his bed, and died almost immediately, — a blood-vessel had probably burst in his lungs. Some weeks previously, on crossing the Takalung Pass between Leh and More, he had suffered much from the extreme rarity of the atmosphere, the height of the Pass being nearly 18,000 ft. His assistant reported that the vicissitudes of climate at the time of his death were very great, the thermometer falling below zero of Fahrenheit at daybreak, and rising to 70 or 80 in the afternoon. It is clear, in addition to the risks entailed by severe exer- tion in an exceedingly rarefied atmosphere, Capt. Bassevi was exposed to very inclement weather, to great extremes of cold and heat, to frequent rains and heavy snow storms, which in a bleak and highly elevated region almost wholly devoid of fuel, must have caused much privation and suffering. With the devotion of a soldier on the battle-field he fell a martyr to his love of science, and his earnest efforts to complete the work he had to do. In a hard struggle with the physical difficulties he had to encounter, he succumbed at the moment that the prize was almost within his reach. Thus passed away, in the prime of life, a man of sterling Note. — Chiefly extracted from "A Martyr to Science," by Col. J. T. Walker, R. E. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 581 worth and excellent abilities, a public servant of whom it may be truly said, that it would not be easy to find his equal in habitual forgetfulness of self, and devotion to duty. His age was but 38. Lt. -Colonel Patrick Stewart, C.B., Bengal Engineers, second son of James Stewart, Esq., of Cairnsmore, Kirkcud- brightshire, was born on 28th Jan., 1832. Educated at Sunder- land, and Perry Hill, Sydenham, he went to Addiscombe in Aug., 1848. He obtained his commission in June, 1850, being head of his term and carrying off the Pollock Medal. He reached Calcutta Oct., 1852, and was first employed on a survey near Burdwan, but in May, 1853, was gazetted to the office ofSupt. of Electric Telegraphs during the absence of Dr. O'Shaughnessy. Lieut. Stewart, besides making tours of inspection, was em- ployed in arranging for the transmission of stores, &c., for the whole line from Calcutta to Lahore and Agra, to Indore, 1 100 miles, hi Oct., Stewart was appointed A.D.C. to Lieut. -Govr., N.W.P., but he still continued his work on the telegraph. Not long after this, O'Shaughnessy returned to India, and Stewart's connection with the telegraph ceased for a while. Great praise was bestowed on Stewart for his services in connection with the successful introduction of the electric telegraph, and Dr. O'Shaughnessy on his return found himself able to drive on the work as rapidly as if he had himself been on the spot all the time. In Nov., 1853, Stewart very nearly lost his life. He had left the Lieut. -Governor's camp at Mirzapore on 25th for a day's shooting. While out, he met three brother sportsmen, and with them succeeded in wounding a tigress ; while engaged in tracking the wounded animal, it suddenly and unexpectedly dashed at him, and having severely bitten him in the calf and thigh, left 5t. Fox of the Madras Sappers was shot through the neck. The next day a good deal of street fighting still continued ; and it was not till the 6th that Jhansi was completely ours. On the 4th night the Ranee of Jhansi fled. The cavalry was sent in pursuit, and cut up some 200 of the rebels. While at Jhansi Prendergast and Fox, of Sappers, were invalided, but the diffi- culty was to get away. On 25th April the 1st Brig, marched for Calpee, and the officers of 86th invited them to go with them in their dhoolies ; so they started, but at the end of the first day, the Brigr. observed them, and insisted that they should return to Jhansi, as nothing would persuade him that marching east from Jhansi was the shortest way to Europe. A short time after Lt. Dick of 3rd Bo. Cav. halted at Jhansi with a large convoy, and offered to take them to Sir Hugh Roses camp. The following day they camped with the Sappers of Rose's force, and marched with them to Golowlee, near Calpee, on 1 5th !May. On that day the rear guard was attacked, and every day till 22nd the enemy gave us no rest. From Calpee they were sent to Cawnpore, and after halting there a few days, went on in dak gharries to Calcutta, when Prendergast went home on two years' leave. While at home he volunteered for China, but was refused permission to go out ; and when Austria fought against Italy and France, he went to Vienna to get employment, but was disappointed. W^hile at home, he received his decoration of V. C. from the hand of Her Majesty. On return to India he served for a few months as Asst. Engineer in the D. P. W. At this time a Camp of Exercise was proposed at Lahore, and Prendergast obtained 6 months' leave to be present ; but before he started the camp was changed into a campaign against Um- beyla under Chamberlain. On the death of Lord Elgin, Sir Wm. Denison went to Cal- ITS HEROES AND :\IEN OF NOTE 619 ciitta to officiate as Viceroy, and he asked Prendergast to go with him. Prendergast visited Agra, Delhi, Lucknow, Benares, etc., but the campaign was over before he could reach head- quarters. He met Sir Hugh Rose the day after the affair at Shahgudi, and had the opportunity of seeing something of frontier life. Soon after his return to Madras, he was appointed Asst. Cong. Engineer for Railways. In 1867 Prendergast sailed from Beypore in command of 3 Companies of Sappers for service in Abyssinia. He was Field Engineer during the advance, and was present at the action before Magdala, when he was mentioned in despatches as " having rendered singularly valuable and im- portant services." He obtained his Bt. Majority for his services during the Mutiny; and Bt. of Lt. -Col. for Abyssinia. On return from Abyssinia he reverted to his appointment on the Railway; but after some months he was posted to the Command of the Madras Sappers, and this post he held till Sept., 1880, having been on furlough in the interval for two years, from 1874-76, when his brother Major Hew. Prendergast, Madras Engineers, acted for him. In Apr., 18/8, Lord Beaconsfield resolved to despatch a force from India to the Mediterranean; 7,000 men were ordered to embark at once ; and Prendergast had command of the Madras and Bombay Sappers, consisting of 4 Companies. After nearly a month at Malta, he was ordered to proceed at once to Cyprus with the Sappers and ordnance Stores, to land at Larnaca, and select a camping ground for Wolseley's force. They arrived off Larnaca on i6th July. The siege-train was landed by the 19th, landing stages were constructed for the expected troops, a pier was commenced with the assistance of the Navy, under H. R. H. the Duke of Edinburgh and a camp was selected at Chifflik. There were but 8 days to do this ; and when required, the Sappers could show 6 piers, a road to 620 ADDISCOMBE the camp, water-supply trout^hs at the Camp, and carriage enough to take the regiments on as they landed. At first Prendergast was the Senior Engineer officer, and would in ordinary course have been C. R. E. ; but Lt.-Col. Maquay was sent out from England, and being about 6 months senior to Prendergast as Lt.-Col. (although 2 years younger), became C.R.E. Prendergast returned to India on 25th Aug., and resumed his command of the Sappers. He acted as Mil. Secretary to Government when the Duke of Buckingham was Governor. When Sir Neville Chamberlain went on a special mission to Cabul, and was stopped in the Khyber, war became imminent ; it was arranged to send a force to Kandahar under Genl. Prim- rose, and Prendergast was named Commanding Engineer to the Division. He afterwards sent Companies of Madras Sappers up the Khyber Line, and put his own name down on the list of officers to go ; but it was struck out, as he had been nomin- ated to Primrose's force. The staff of Primrose's division was not made up as at first intended, and Prendergast in conse- quence missed the first phase of the war; and when the second began, he had just started for England to recruit his health, and although he returned within 3 months, he was too late to join in it. In 1880 Prendergast was appointed Brigr. -General in command of Malabar and Canara. From Cannanore he was, in 1881, transferred to the command at Bellary. In autumn of 1882 Prendergast was promoted ]\Iajor-Genl. and had to vacate ; but Sir ¥. Roberts invited him to take up the duty of Q.M.G. at once, so he joined him at Secunderabad in that capacity. Early in 1883 he was released from duty as Q.M.G. with the view of having a few months in England before taking command of the Burmah Division. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 621 In April, 1883, he assumed command of Biirmah Division. There was an idea that war with Upper Burmah was imminent, but nothing was known for certain. Prendergast with the Chief Commissioner, Sir C. Crosthwaite, visited Thayatmeyo, Shoegyin, and from Thayatmeyo rode along the frontier to Mendoon. He also visited Minhla and other places, the result being that when war broke out, he knew more of the country than an\' of his officers. From Burmah he w^ent to the Camp of Exercise at Bangalore. He was afterwards offered the command of the Hydera- bad Subsidiary Force, but returned to Burmah for a few months in case war should be declared; but when there seemed no chance of a campaign, he was glad to be transferred to Secun- derabad. While at Secunderabad, he received an autograph letter from the Viceroy, informing him that he had been selected to command the Burmese Expeditionary Force. On arrival at Rangoon he was received by Mr., (now Sir Charles) Bernard, the Chief Commissioner, on 7th Nov., 1885, ^^''cl had a few days to inspect the troops, steamers, etc. A force of 3,000 British and 6,000 Native troops had to in- vade and hold a country larger than France, which was to be administered by means of a Political Officer with 4 or 5 assis- tants. The fine fleet of the Irrawaddy Flotilla Company was engaged to convey the force up the Irrawaddy, and took the troops from Rangoon to Thayetmyo, the British frontier post, under the guns of which it was proposed to assemble the flotilla. On evening of 1 2th Nov. Prendergast left Rangoon by rail for Prome, and embarking the following morning, reached Thayetmyo on after- noon of 13th. On 14th the King's steamer, with the attendant barges, was captured near Nyoung-ben-Maw and brought away. On 1 6th, everything being ready, the steamers weighed anchor • at daybreak, and by 9.15 a landing had been effected at Zoung- 622 ADDISCOMBE gycn-Doung, two miles below the batteries. On 17th it was re- solved to attack Gue-Gyoun-Ramyo on left, and Minhla on right bank simultaneously ; both attacks were successful. The next day the ex})edition halted, and arrangements were made for holding the fort, when 17 guns were captured. On 24th the fleet pro- ceeded to Yandaboo, where the treaty of 1826 had been signed. On 26th, at 8 a.m., the fleet left Yandaboo, and at 4 p. m., near Nazoon, a Burmese State Barge with a flag of truce was observed. The two Envoys on board had an interview with Genl. Prender- gast and Col. Sladen. The Envoys left with a reply at 6 p. m. While the interview was taking place, the fleet advanced, and the Envoys had the advantage of seeing the whole of the troops file past. The fleet anchored 7 miles below Ava. As, next morn- ing, no answer was received from the King, orders were issued for the attack of Ava; but at 10.30, when proposed landing place was in sight, some Envoys came on board, and brought unconditional acceptance of terms imposed. The Burmese troops at Ava were disarmed, and on the 28th the fleet left Ava at 6.30 and reached Mandalay at 10 a. m., and an hour later a letter was sent demanding the surrender of the Capital, and King Theebaw. Troops were landed at 1.30, and marched at 2 p.m. At the five gates the guards were disarmed; and the advance con- tinued to the Palace (four miles ofl"), which w^as surrendered, and the four gates occupied. Col. Sladen had a long interview with the King, and about 5 p. m. informed Genl. Prendergast that the King had unconditionally surrendered himself and his king- dom, and would do so personally to Genl. Prendergast next day. On 29th King Theebaw surrendered. At 3.30 p. m. the King left the Palace, by 6. 1 5 he, with attendants, was on board the "Thooreah," and next morning the vessel left for Rangoon. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 623 On 1st Dec. the city was ordered to be disarmed. Many arms were given up, the gun factory taken possession of, as well as the powder factory, and guards placed over them ; the elephants belonging to the king were brought in, and tranquilitly was established in the city. On loth Dec. a number of congratu- latory telegrams were received ; and Genl. Prendergast was informed that the distinction of K. C. B. had been conferred on him. The Viceroy also telegraphed, " I am commanded by Her Majesty to express to you her warm thanks, and her admiration of the skill with which you have conducted the whole Expedition." On 6th Dec. a brigade was detailed for Bhamo, as it seemed expedient to Genl. Prendergast to garrison that important place without delay. On 19th he left Mandalay ; next day, having joined the vessels containing Genl. Norman's Brigade, they steamed northward; on 27th the flotilla anchored 10 miles below Bhamo, on 28th Bhamo was occupied, and the ambitious projects of China were quashed. This expedition was ordered on the sole responsibility of Genl. Prendergast. In a very few days Genl. Norman was firmly established in Bhamo with his guns, etc.; 4 25-Pr. R.M.L. guns, 2 Hows, and 6 Mortars. Sir Harry Prendergast returned to Mandalay on 12th Jan., 1886, and a month later, the Viceroy, accompanied by the Countess of Dutferin and the Commander-in-Chief, entered Mandalay. Before leaving on i8th. Lord Dufferin announced that the Kingdom of Ava had been incorporated with Her Majesty's Empire. In the Queen's Speech on 21st Jan., i88(), when Parliament was opened by Her Majesty in person, allusion was made to Burmah and "the gallantry of my European and Indian forces under General Prendergast," but, strange to say, the British Parliament did not so much as thank the Army that overthrew 624 ADDISCOMBE the dynasty of Alompra, and added a rich province, equalling France in area, to the British Empire. On 1 8th Feb. the com- mand in Burmah was reconstructed, Sir Harry Prendergast being placed in command of the whole of Burmah, with Brigr. White at Mandalay, and Brigr. Norman at Bhamo. Prendergast left Mandalay on 23rd Feb., spent a few days in Rangoon, and arrived at Tonghoo 6th March, and thence went to Mingyan and Yemethen with re-inforcements. Hlincdat was occupied, and on 19th March no hostile force was near Yemethen. He then returned to Rangoon by the 25 th March, when he found that he was to lose the command he had, simply because he had in the mean- time been promoted to Lt.-Genl. This seems an extraordinary way to treat a successful General. It further may be noted that both the Brigadiers under Sir Harry Prendergast's orders, re- ceived the same reward as he did. These two Brigadiers were no doubt quite entitled to be K. C. B.'s, but if so, Sir Harry Prendergast should at least have been made a G. C. B. Since Mar., 1886, Sir Harry Prendergast has been unemployed in a Military capacity, although he is a thorough and successful soldier. At that time he was only 5 1 years of age, and even now he is but 59. Sir Harry Prendergast, after three months at home, went to Oota- camund, and lived there for more than a year out of employ. He was then offered the Acting Appointment of Resident at Travancore, and from thence, after a few* months, w'as trans- ferred to Bangalore as Resident of Mysore. He next went to Baroda as Resident, and afterwards to Beloochistan to act for Sir Robert Sandeman who had gone on leave. While there, he settled a quarrel between the Mirzais and Achakzais in the Zhob Valley. From Beloochistan he returned to Baroda. and after some ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 625 time, again went to Mysore, when he visited the Coorg Terri- tory of which he was Chief Commissioner. Sir Harry Prendergast's rapid promotion has done him con- siderable harm. He became Bt. Colonel on 30th Jan., 1875, when but little over 20 years' service. He was Major-General on 1 6th Sept., 1882, and on 22nd Feb., 1887, became a General ; so that at the age of 52 he attained a rank which precluded him from holding any but the very highest appointments ; and as a result a splendid soldier has been laid on the shelf owing to his having distinguished himself so frequently. In 1864 he married Emilie, daughter of Fred. Simpson, Esq., by whom he has had four sons and four daughters. Major-General Henry George Delafosse, C.B., Bengal Infantry, son of Major Henry Delafosse, C.B., B.A., (who entered Bengal Artillery 16 Nov., 1810, and died at Ferozeporc 1845), obtained his Commission at Addiscombe, Dec, 1854, and at the outbreak of the Mutiny was serving at Cawnpore. General Wheeler who commanded there, instead of selecting the magazine which al- most rested on the river, and was a defensible post, chose a spot six miles lower down to theS.E., at some distance from the river, and began to entrench it. His reason for doing this was, that th'^ first steps towards occupying the magazine would have been to withdraw the Sepoy Guard ; and the Genl. thought that this would have been the signal for an instant rising, and with so small a force of Europeans he considered this would have been unwise. However this may be, the force in Cawnpore was called upon to defend a wretched entrenchment which was hardly defensible, especially considering the very large numbers 40 626 A D D I S C O iM B E of women and children, and other non-combatants who had to be protected. Early on the morning of Sunday, 7th June, all the officers were called into the entrenchments, and then the siege commenced. Full accounts of the siege are to be found in Mowbray Thomson's " The Story of Cawnpore," and many pages are devoted to the subject in Sir John Kaye's "Sepoy War," vol. 2. It will suffice here to say, that for nearly three weeks the wretched entrenchments were right gallantly defended, until the unfortunate capitulation took place. On 25th June a safe passage to Allahabad was offered to the terribly reduced garrison. On 27th the garrison was marched down to the boats at Suttechoura Ghat, when the massacre commenced, and but one boat succeeded in escaping. This boat held Moore of 32nd, Vibart of 2nd Cavy., Whiting of Engrs., Mowbray Thom- son and Ashe of Arty., Delafosse of 53rd, Bolton of the Cavy, and others. Moore, A.she and Bolton were soon shot, also Burney and Glanville. At sunset on 28th, a boat full of armed natives came after them, but the Englishmen would not wait to be attacked, they armed themselves to the teeth, fell heavily upon the people who had come to destroy them, and very few of the enemy returned to tell the tale. Next morning, 29th, when they awoke, the boat was drifting, and had been carried into a creek or siding where the enemy attacked them. Vibart, who lay helpless with both arms shot through, at 9 a. m. gave his last orders ; and directed Thomson and Dela- fosse with Sergeant Grady and ii men of 32nd and 84th Regi- ments to make for shore, and drive off the Sepoys. So they landed to attack their assailants. Sepoys and villagers surged round them, but they charged through the astounded multitude, and then made their way back again to the point they started from ; only to find that the boat was gone. The fourteen were ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 627 left on the pitiless sand, whilst their doomed companions floated down the pitiless water. They retreated for some three miles along the bank of the river, but seeing no chance of overtaking the boat, they made for a Hindoo Temple. All reached it in safety except Serjeant Grady, who was shot dead. They defended the doorway with fixed bayonets, and after a short time they stood behind a rampart of black corpses, and fired with com- parative security. Their assailants tried to burn them out, but this failing owing to the direction of the wind being away from the buildings, they threw bags of gunpowder on the smoulder- ing embers. There was now nothing left but to evacuate the temple, and out the gallant thirteen rushed, fired a volley, and then threw themselves into the raging multitude. Only seven of them reached the river and took to the stream ; but soon two of the swimmers were shot through the head, and a third making for a sand-bank in an exhausted condition, his skull was battered in. The other four, Mowbray Thomson, and Dela- fosse, with privates Murphy and Sullivan, reached alive the territory of a friendly Oude Raja, Dirigbijah Singh, and were the only survivors of the Cawnpore entrenchment. Strange to say none of the four received the V. C. What was the cause of this strange omission, it is impossible to say. But the records of the Mutiny contain nothing which surpasses this wonderful episode of the last struggles of the Cawnpore garrison. They had been swimming a distance of six miles since they left Sooraj- pore, and they reached Moorar Mhow on 29th June, when for 3 days they had not tasted solid food. They remained for 5 or 6 days with the friendly Raja ; then they were ferried across the river, and escorted to a new host, a Zemindar near Futteh- pore. Here they remained for 3 days, and then were driven in a bullock hackery in the direction of Allahabad. After 4 or 628 ADDISCOMBE 5 miles of jolting, the driver said in great alarm, there were guns planted in the road. These proved to be half of Olpherts' battery under Lt. Smithett, ' and a part of 84th Regt going up to Cawnpore. Three days after this they re-entered Cawn- pore. Brigr. Neill appointed Delafosse asst. to Major Bruce, who had manifold duties of Police ; and Thomson became Assistant Field Engineer under Colonel Crommelin. A gallant exploit of Delafosse told by Thomson should not be omitted. It occurred on 2 1 St June, a fortnight after the commencement of the siege. "A shot had entered the tumbrel of a gun, blew it up and ignited the woodwork of the carriage, exposing the ammunition all around to destruction. The rebels having caught sight of the opportunity, directed their fire to this centre with redoubled fury ; Delafosse with the coolest self-possession imaginable, went to the burning gun and, lying down under the fiery mass, pulled away splinters of the wood, and scattered earth with both hands on the flames. A couple of soldiers followed this courageous example, with a bucket of water each, and Delafosse applied these also, until the danger was extinct. All this time 6, 18 and 24-Prs. were playing around the spot. Delafosse afterwards served with the Artillery of the force under Havelock and Outram, and was present at the crossing into Oude, and at the actions of Mungarwar and Alumbagh, and entry into Lucknow ; he commanded 2 guns in an advanced picquet during the subsequent defence of the Residency, and was present at the re-taking of Cawnpore on 6th December. He was mentioned in despatches, received Medal with 2 clasps, and the thanks of the Governor-General in Council. He was allowed to count 2 years' extra service, one for Cawnpore, and one for Lucknow. Early in 1858 he went to England, returning the end of i860. ' Left Addiscombc June, 1855. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 629 After serving a short time at Barrackpore, he went as Staff officer with the Sikkim Field Force under Col. Gawler, in 1861. when he was mentioned in despatches, and received the appro- bation of the Governor-General in Council. He was then offer- ed the Adjutancy of the 1st Bengal Cavy., but was compelled to go home again sick. He returned in 1863, when he joined his Regiment in time for the Frontier war under Genls. Cham- berlain, and Garvock. He was present at the attack and cap- ture of the Crag Picquet, the Conical Hill, and at Umbeyla, when he was mentioned in despatches. After this, he remained with his regiment till they came home in 1868, having in the meantime held the command at F\ittehghur for tw^o years. He obtained the Good Service pension of ^100 per annum, and after commanding his regiment for many years, took over the command of the 25th Regimental District which he held for 5 years. He attained the rank of Col. 1st Oct., 1877, in less than 23 years, and became Major-General 10 Oct., 1887. In 1863 he married Helen Scott, daughter of Lt.-Col. Eraser, Bo. A. ' Colonel Edward Talbot Thackeray, V. C, C. B., Bengal Engineers, son of Rev. Francis St. John Thackeray, first cousin of Thackeray, the celebrated novelist, was born in 1836, entered Addiscombe Feb., 1853, received his commission Dec, 1854, arrived in India the early part of 1857, and was posted to the Sappers. He was present at the actions on the Hindun, at the battle of Badle-ka-Serai, and throughout the siege of Delhi. He served at Delhi from the 8th June till 20th Sept., 1857, was engaged during the night of the 8th June in laying out the i st battery, and next morning the enemy opened a heavy fire on this work. He was present at the assault 630 A D D I S C O M B K of Delhi on 14 Sept., wlien no less than 10 out of 17 Engineers engaged were either killed or wounded. He was awarded the V. C. for "cool intrepidity and characteristic daring in extin- guishing a fire in the Delhi magazine enclosure on i6th Sept., 1857, under a close and heavy musketry fire from the enemy, at the imminent risk of his life from the explosion of combus- tible stores in the shed in which the fire occurred." He also received the thanks of the General in command, and was men- tioned in despatches. After the siege, he served with the column under Genl. Showers in the Mewatte District, and was present at the capture of Fort Jhujjur. He next accompanied the column under Sir T. Seaton which marched from Delhi to Lucknow in Dec, 1857, and was present at the actions of Gungeree, Puttia- lee, and Mynpoory. On one occasion, when in camp on the bank of the river Gogra, a round shot fired by the enemy from the opposite bank, entered the tent which he was occupying with Lt. Pat. Murray ' of Engineers, and smashed the camp table between them to pieces. He served with the Engineer Brigade under Col. Robert Na- pier at the operations ending in the capture of Lucknow by Lord Clyde. He accompanied the Rohilcund field-force in April, 1858, and was present at the capture of Fort Rooyah, where his horse was shot under him ; at the action of Allygunge, and the capture of Bareilly 5th May, 1858. He served also with the column under Sir George Barker in the operations in Oude at the end of 1858. At the close of the operations he was posted to the P. W. Dept. and was sent to Gondah in Oude, where he was employed with Lt. (afterwards Sir John) Champain in building barracks for the troops. In i860 he was appointed personal Assistant to Col. Crom- ' Lett Addiscomlie Dec, 1853. ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 631 melin, C. B., Chief Engineer of Oude. Three years afterwards, he became Exec. Engineer of Upper Assam, and was employed for several weeks in surveying and making a reconnaissance of the country occupied by the hostile Abors, bordering on the Dehong and Debong rivers. From this time till 1879, he was employed in various posts in the P. W. and M. W. Depts., and built barracks and hospitals at Allahabad, Gwallior, Meerut, Um- balla, etc. In 1871 he officiated as Secretary to the Government for designing certain sanitary improvements in Fort William. In Sept., 1879, he was appointed to the command of the Bengal Sappers, and received orders to march with the head- quarters of the Corps to the Khyber Pass. He took part in the advance of Genl. Chas. Gough to Cabul in December, 1880. Genl. Gough marched from Gundamuck on 14th Dec. On ar- rival at JugduUuck the whole country seemed to have risen in arms to bar his further progress, and daily skirmishes took place between the enemy and the troops escorting the convoys between Pezwan and JugduUuck. The post at JugduUuck Kotal was attacked on three occasions, the last being on 23rd Dec. At this time the fort was held by two companies of Bengal Sappers, and a detachment of 24th Punjab Infantry under Major Thackeray. The Ghilzais, who were in greatly superior numbers, were re- pulsed with loss, and retired about midnight; the attack having lasted for 10 hours. Major Thackeray was severely wounded on this occasion, and his native orderly was shot dead by his side. On the 24th Dec. Genl. Gough's force reached Cabul, and marched into Sherpore. Thackeray was favourably mentioned in despatches by Sir F. Roberts and by Genl. Gough ; and received the Afghan Medal. In 1887 Col. Thackeray was employed in the Intel- ligence Branch of the Q. M. G, in India, and on the compilation 632 ADDISCOMBE of precis of information relating to the countries of Sikkini, Bokhara, Baghdad and Borneo, a work for which he received the thanks of the Commander-in-Chief in India. He attained the rank of Col. on 25th Nov., 1884, and retired from the service in 1888. In the Queen's birthday Gazette of 1886, he was created a C. B. He is an F. R. G. S., and is a Knight of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem. In 1869 he married the daughter of Major T. B. Pleydell, and has a son at the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich ; and daughters. Major-General Charles Edward Nairne, C. B., Bengal Artillery, obtained his commission at Addiscombe in Dec, 1855. Owing to sickness, he was only present at college for 2\ terms out of the usual number of 4, otherwise he would have entered the Engineers. During the Mutiny, he saw comparatively little service owing to his having been stationed at Peshawar during the 1st year of it. He served in it, however, towards its close, and obtained the medal. He was engaged in the 2nd expedi- tion to Eusofzai on N. W. Frontier in 1863. He served for 29^ years exclusively in the Horse and Field Artillery, and during this period he was engaged in the Afghan War of 1878- 79 with the Peshawur Valley field-force. In 1882 he served with the force in Egypt in command of the R. H. A., was present in the two actions at Kassasin, and at the battle of Tel-el-kebir when he was mentioned in despatches, received the medal and clasp, 3rd class of the Medjidie, and Khedive's Star ; and was also nominated a C. B. In 1884 he was appointed Comdt. of the School of Gunnery ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 633 at Shoeburyness. He is credited with having i)aid special atten- tion to gunnery, having always maintained that the English Artillery did not give sufficient time to it, nor 'make it their chief topic of instruction, and that an Artillery that cannot shoot is an encumbrance to an army. For this reason he was selected for the command at Shoeburyness, the first officer of the Indian Artillery so honoured. While there he had not a sufficiently free hand, and did but little to improve the Artillery, as he was not even allowed to visit the camp at Okehampton, although he had twice commanded it before he went to Shoeburyness. In 1886 Sir F. Roberts appointed him Inspector-General of Ordnance, and practically gave him a free hand, the result of this being that officers and men of the Royal Artillery became greatly interested in shooting ; backing him up in the most loyal manner, by instituting extra prize competition on service con- ditions, with a published figure of merit ; the result was a very marked improvement in accuracy and quickness of shooting, which will, it is believed, largely increase the efficiency of the Artillery in the next war. After holding the important post of Inspector-General of Ordnance for 5 years, Nairne was appointed to the command of the Division at Meerut on 28th March, 1892, and in Sept., 1893, on the death of Sir John Hudson owing to a fall from his horse, was appointed to the Command-in-Chief of the Bombay army with the rank of Lt.-Genl. He became a Bt. Col. 6th May, 1884, and attained the rank of Major-General on 6th Nov., 1890, after 35 years' service. Col. Sir Colin Campbell Scott-Monxrieff, K.C.jNI.G., C.S.I. , Bengal Engineers, educated at Wimbledon, went to Addiscombe Aug., 1854, ob- tained his commission on 13th June, 1856, arrived in India in 634 AD D I SCO MB E May, 185S, when he joined the Sappers. The Sappers were ordered on service in Oct. ; !\Ioncrieff went with them and saw some desultory fighting, and much marching about in Oude till Feb., 1859, when he was employed in building barracks at Si- tapur. In Aug. following he was transferred to the Irrigation Dept. in the N.W. Provinces, and posted as an Asst. on the Jumna Canal. After two years, however, in Oct., 1861, he was appointed Asst. Principal to the C. E. College at Roorkee, but in Feb., 1864, again became Exec. Engineer on the Jumna Canal. In 1867 he took furlough to Europe, and was sent by Govern- ment to report on Irrigation in France, Spain and Italy; and this report was published as " Irrigation in Southern Europe ". In Oct., 1869, after holding the Northern Division of the Ganges Canal for some months, he was appointed Supg. Engineer of the Ganges Canal, and held this charge until Aug., 1877. He was then sent with Sir C. Elhott (now Lieut. -Governor of Bengal) as Famine Commissioner in Mysore, and immediately after suc- ceeded Col. Sankey (now Sir Richard Sankeyj as Chief Engineer of that Province. In May, 1878, he was nominated a C.S.I. In the following Sept. he was sent with Col. Mullins, and Foster Webster, Esq., AI.C.S., to travel all through Southern India from Tinnevelly to Calcutta, and then on to Behar, to report as to how far the Irrigation Works were adapted to do their part in the prevention of famine, and what extension, etc., they required. Their report was published by the Famine Commission. In 1879 Moncrieff went home on furlough, but returned in April, and was sent to Burma as Chief Engineer. He, however, resign- ed this post on 31st Dec, 1882, and retired from the Corps as a Major and Bt. Lt.-Col. On his way home, he met Lord Duf- ferin (who was then our Envoy at Cairo) at Suez and he asked Moncrieff to take in hand the Irrigation of Egypt. This appoint- ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 635 inent he accepted, and was afterwards joined by 8 other officers of the Indian Irrigation Dept. After some months in Egypt, he was made head of all the D.P.W. with the title of Under Secretary of State PAV. Ministry, under a Turkish Pasha. Mon- crieff landed 3rd May, 1883, and spent the summer travelling about endeavouring to learn the existing state of affairs. The great Nile Barrage had been designed by a Mons. Mougel, and was to consist of two bridges across the Rosetta and Damietta branches of the Nile, the former with 61 and the latter with 71 arches of 16.4 feet span. They were to be fitted with self-act- ing iron gates. These gates were not a success, and were only fitted into the Rosetta Branch. They were intended to hold the Nile up to the height of nearly 15 feet. It was intended that the irrigation of the Delta should be undertaken by 3 main canals starting from the Barrage. One, the Menufia Canal, to the central part of the Delta ; a second to the east of the Damietta Branch of the Nile and the third to the west of the Rosetta Branch of the Nile. In 1861 the work was supposed to be finished, and was opened with eclat ; but the canal to the east was never carried out, that to the west was not a success as it got drifted up by the sand of the desert, and required an immensity of labour to keep clear, so that the work became impracticable ; and two immense pumping establishments had to be substituted. The central Canal was formed, but not well done ; still it was sufficient to be a useful work. The Barrage was badly built, and in no way could be considered a success. It must be clear to everyone that the w'ork now to be under- taken by the English Engineers was highly important and very difficult. The despised Barrage was continually strengthened, and grad- ually became more serviceable, until in 1892 it was made 636 ADDISCOMBE strong enough to stand a pressure of nearly 13 feet. In addi- tion, two very difficult works were undertaken ; the construction or a lock to allow of navigation in the Central Canal without closing the Canal. Four large locks were built in the central canal, so that boats from Cairo could pass in at the Barrage, make use of the Canal for 60 miles, and then lock back at a point where there would always be deep water, and then pass into the Mahmudieh Canal to Alexandria. To replace the Da- mietta branch the new canal at the east end of the Barrage was constructed, (the Tewfikieh), and at 23 miles from its head it tailed into a system of old canals, which had to be improved, and supplied with three locks. The towns along the river had to be supplied with drinking water. The Behera Canal on the west, has had all its defects gradually removed, and it is now as good as any other. Great attention has also been devoted to proper and systematic drainage. The lines of Canal are not less than 10,000 miles, and the drains not less than 1,000, and these last will have to be largely added to. Another great be- nefit which accrued to the cultivators, was the abolition of the Corvee. The maintenance of the canals involved an enormous amount of yearly digging, by far the greater portion of which was effected by unpaid, unfed, forced labour. ;^400,ooo a year was required for this purpose ; this was obtained from the Gov- ernment, and since Jan., i, 1890, canals, drains and embank- ments have been maintained by free labour, and the only un- paid work now done by the cultivators is the duty of watching the banks, etc., during floods. A great deal of attention has also been devoted to the sub- ject of the formation of reservoirs. The above very rough description will indicate that a great ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 637 deal of most excellent work on a large scale has been going on in Egypt for the last 10 years; and Sir Colin Moncrieff de- serves the very highest credit for the splendid work done, with the assistance of his 7 able coadjutors, all of whom were Engi- neers of the Indian Irrigation Department. Four of them still remain in the Egyptian Service; Major Brown, R. E., and Mr. Reid have left with the decoration of St. Michael and St. George. Sir Colin Moncrieff was nominated a K. C. M. G. in 1887, and has lately been appointed Under Secretary in the Scotch Office, Whitehall. Lt.-Col. Justin Ross, C. M. G., obtained his commission at Ad- discombe on 8th June, i860, and retired from the service 2nd July, 1888; while Lt.-Col. J. H. Western, C. M. G., obtained his com- mission on the same day, and retired 27th Jan., 1887. In 1890 Sir Colin Scott Moncrieff married, secondly, Dora, daughter of A. Albright, Esq., of Manemont. Major-General Sir James Browne, K. C. S. I., C. B., Bengal Engineers, son of Robert Browne, Esq., of Falkirk, was educated on the continent and at Cheltenham. He was born i6th Sept., 1839, and entered Addiscombe Feb., 1856, obtaining his commission nth Dec, 1857. He landed in India Dec, 1859, and in Mar., i860, joined the field-force against the Mahsood W\izcerces, and for his services was thanked by Sir Neville Chamberlain. He joined the P. W. Dept. June, i860, and for 2.5 years was employed on the Attock-Peshawar Road, when he built the Barra Bridge, and was engaged in construction of the tunnel drift under the Indus. Living exclusively among Afghans he acquired at this time a close acquaintance with their character. 63« ADDISCOMRE habits and lani^ua^e. In 1863 he joined the Eusofzai field- force, and was present at every action throughout the Umbeyla campaign. He was twice wounded, three times mentioned in despatches for distinguished conduct, and thanked by the Gov- ernment. During the campaign he was constantly employed as an interpreter, being the first officer of the Indian Service who had passed an examination in Pushtoo. For his services on this occasion he was promoted Bt. Major on attaining his captaincy 7 years later. Leaving the Peshawar Road, and having twice been thanked by the Punjab Government, he became Exec. Engineer of the Kohat Division extending from Peshawur to the Scindc border. Until 1865 he was employed in a trying climate and on danger- ous work, building, with labourers from the frontier tribes, the forts intended for their own coercion ; and for this work he was again thanked by the Punjab Government. After serving some months at the Thomason College at Roorkee, he returned to the Punjab as Exec. Engineer of Lahore, and was thence transferred to Kangra, where he spent three years in camp, forming 120 miles of mountain road, and designing and building four large bridges at Buneyr, Nigul, Dehree and Durom, two being of brick 140 feet span, one of timber 214 feet, and the last of concrete 48 feet, all representative works of their class. The Lieut. -Governor of the Punjab remarked in 1869, "The design and the bold resolve to undertake such works as the Buneyr and Nigul bridges under such unfavourable circumstances are Lt. Browne's own, and are worthy of all admiration." The Chief Engineer in 1870 said, " The brick bridges over the Buneyr and Nigul rivers of 140 feet span are grand works. They reflect great credit on Major Browne, and will remain monuments ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 639 of his constructive skill, and of great use to the country long after he has left it." The Lieut. -Governor of the Punjab promoted Browne to Exec. Engineer, 2nd class, as a mark of approval of his services in the Punjab. In 1869 he was thanked for the Dalhousie Road Project, for the rapid completion of the barracks, and for the management of over 2,000 European soldiers working on the mountain roads, for whose movements, feeding, hutting and employment he was wholly responsible. In 1871 he went home on furlough, and during his two years' leave studied railways, and iron bridge work both in Europe and America. Returning to India in 1873, he was employed in designing iron bridges of 300 feet span for the N. W. Provinces ; and the Jumna Suspension Bridge at Khal- sie, with centre span 260 feet and two side spans of 130 feet, was constructed from his design. During 1874 he carried out an extensive scheme of water supply for Dalhousie, which has prov- ed successful, notwithstanding the great head of water (480 feet) on the pipes. The next year he designed a railway bridge of 820 feet span over the Indus at Sukkur, and the Director of State Railways stated that Major Browne "has shown himself possessed of a rare combination of theoretical skill and practical talent." In 1876 he was sent to examine a proposed line of railway from Sukkur to Quetta, and completely surveyed and laid out the first 70 miles of the railway, since completed through the desert to Sibi. He also submitted a reconnaissance survey of the then unknown Cutchee plain, and Mushkaf and Bolan Passes as far as Quetta. In the then state of the fron- tier such surveys had to be carried out with much exposure, labour and personal risk, as for political reasons it was neces- sary to dispense with escorts, and work alone. 640 A D D I S C O M B E In 1877 Browne was summoned to Simla, and after some interviews with Lord Lytton, who availed himself in view of coming troubles, of such information as he possessed, Browne was ordered to Ouetta as a political officer under the Foreign office. His instructions were summed up in the remark, "Col. Browne is to keep the door of the Kakar country open." He had to induce the Kakar tribes not to interfere in the coming Afghan war, to form an English party amongst them, to make friends with their chief men, and exert personal influ- ence over them. He had to travel alone for two years in the Murree country, and on the Kakar and Ouetta frontier, collect- ing information about railway and military routes, running many risks and leading a life of privation and exposure. The result was that, at a cost to Government of 5,000 Rupees, the Kakar tribes never fired a shot at or annoyed our advancing troops all the way from Sibi to the Kwaja Amran. Whilst employed on political work he had to carry out the duties of a Supg. Engineer; and at a critical time, before the arrival of reinforce- ments, to put the Quetta fort, then quite indefensible, into its present state of security. On war breaking out, Browne was appointed Political Officer to Sir Donald Stewart, and had to act as Political, Engineer and Commissariat Officer, and to do much of the Intelligence and Q. M. G. department besides. He was thus frequently placed in the fore-front of the army, as when, with 8 Sowars, he occupied the Fort of Khelat-i-Ghilzai, the day before our advanced guard came up. Through his Ghilzai workmen he maintained such friendly relations with the Ghilzai tribes, as to enable us to procure provisions, and keep up postal communications between Khelat-i-Ghilzai and Candahar without assistance from the Military Authorities. Browne also helped to raise the Ghilzai coolie-corps which constructed the ITS HEROES AND MEN OF NOTE 641 gun road over the Khojak Pass. For these services he was mentioned 4 times in despatches, and was nominated a C. S. I. Genl. Sir M. Biddulph thus wrote, " Your services to me were invaluable, and your previous study of the topography, language and people facilitated these explorations in a most marked degree. Again, in the Khojak, your adventurous spirit came to our aid, you were sent on a flying reconnaissance with a very small escort, and brought me back sketches and information which led to our at once determining how and when to apply our working parties. How it was you and your party were not cut off, and barbarously murdered, I to this day cannot under- stand. We were again associated together on the famous march from Pesheen to the Derajat via Bori in 1879 but I do not think it has ever been clearly pointed out that you were the mainspring of all the discoveries in these parts." The Adjt.-Genl. in India wrote, "Lt.-Col. Browne has a happy manner with natives, and to great familiarity with their language and customs, adds a cool courage which carries him through many difficult positions." After the peace of Gundamuck, Browne returned to England on furlough, having been continually on reconnaissance, or active service, on the N. W. for over 3{ years. After the disastrous battle of Maiwand he volunteered for service, but was too late. When in England, Browne was officially sent for by Lord Hartington (now Duke of Devonshire) and Lord Northbrook, who utilised his local knowledge in deciding the question of the retention of Candahar. On Dec, 15th, 1880, Browne read a paper on "The Retention of Candahar and the Defence of the N. W. Frontier" before the East India Association. On return to India, he was ordered to take charge of a railway reconnais- sance survey in the central provinces, through some of the 41 642 A D D I S C O M B E worst country in India, and for his rapid and satisfactory work received the thanks of the Govt, of India. After serving for two months as Asst. Secretary P. W. D. in the Punjab, he went to Egypt as Commanding Engineer to the Indian Contingent, and was present at the battle of Tel-el-kcbir. During that campaign a good deal of Engineering work was done in repair- ing damaged railways ; as also in constructing new lines. He was twice mentioned in despatches, received the Medal and Clasp, Khedive's Star, 3rd class of the Osmanieh, and was nominated a C. B. After serving till Nov., i840— 42 Kemball, Vero S 1840—42 Chapman, Wm 1840—42 Stanley, Thomas B 1840 — 42 Sneyd, Samuel E 1840 -41 D"Oyly, George F 1840—42 I Holland, Lumley H. H . 1840— Davis, Wm. . .' 1841—42 ; Rundall, Francis H . . . 1840—41 Baker, Wm. T 1840—42 Young, Wm. G 1 840— Macsween, Henry D. . . . 1840—42 Allen, Augustine'. 1840—42 , Little, Alfred B 1840—42 ! Douglas, Hugh M 1840—42 ' Manning, Henry D 1840—42 Whitchurch, Wm. H. D. . 1840—41 Nuttall, James ^l j 840— 42 McNeill, Donald 1840—42 Birch, Wm. T ] 840 — 42 Maxwell, Henry H 1840—42 Johnson, Edwin B 1«40~42 Havilland, Saumarez de. . 1840 — 42 Hodgson, Charles J. . . . 1840-42 Scot, Patrick G 1840 — 42 Murray, Anthony M. . . . 1840—42 Crommelin, George A. . . 1840—42 Waddington, Charles . . . 1840—42 Wright, Peter C 1841 — 42 Mildmay, Arthur G. St. I. 1840—42 Puleston, Frederick T. . . 1841 --42 P'erguson, Robert 1841—42 Jervis, Felix V. R 1840—42 Salmon, Mordaunt M. . . 1841—42 Scott, Winckworth .... 1840— Le.ster, John F 1841—42 Wynyard, Henry R. . . . 1841—42 Finnimore, Benjamin K. . 1841 — 42 Powell, David G 1841 — Wilkicson, Charles V. . . 1841—42 Foord, Edward A 1841—42 Stewart, Robert 1841—42 Miller, Henry N j 84 1—42 Walker, George W. . . . 1841-42 Maisey, Frederick C. . . . 1841—42 .Mark, John A 1841—42 Waddington, Evelyn . . . 1841—42 Earle, John M 1841 — 42 Peyton, Wynne J 1841 — 43 Rennie, George 1841 — 43 Robison, John 1841—43 Bishop, Harry G 1841 — 42 Dansey, John J 1841—43 Moore, Brinsley E 1841—42 Taylor, Gerald F 1841 — 42 Pearson, Alfred 1841—42 Atlay, Edward 1841 — Saunders, John P 1841—42 Young, Charles M 1841—42 Mackenzie, Alexander M. . 1841 — 42 A D D I S C O M B E CADETS 685 Mairis, Edward W Jones, Gilbert Smith, John Steel, James A Smith, Bramsby C Dundas, Charles S Hemery, Edward Cameron, \Vm Irvine, Charles ....... Hayley, Hugh Corfield, Henry R L'Estrange, Francis .... Walker, Henry T Gray, Wm. J Cook, Alexander C . . . Swete, Adrian J Hill, Charles E. D Cookson, Edward Turquand, Leonard .... Leslie, Hans G Young, Campbell W. S. . Douglas, John C Scott, Wm A Hewett, Frederick S. . . . Teschemaker, Thomas R. Palmer, Conolly O'B. . . . Wallace, Hill Annesley, Rt. M. S. . . . Skipton, George Lambert, Walter Warburton, Rt S Delane, George Anderson, John C Robinson, Daniel G. . . . Jackson, Outram M. . . . McNeill, Alexander C. . . Eckford, John J Osborne, George R. . . . Chambers, Osborn W. S. Scott, Charles 1841 — 42 1 1841 —42 1841 — 43 1841 — 42 1841 — 42 1841 -42 1841 — 42 1841 — 42 1841 —42 ' ; 84-2 —43 1841 -43 1 1841 -43 [ 1841 —43 1842 -43 1 1841 — 42 1841 —43 1841 — 42 184i -43 1842 —43 ! 1841 —42 1841 —42 1841 —43 1841 —42 1841 -43 1841 —42 1841 — 43 1841 —43 1841 — 42 1841 —42 1841 —42 1811 —42 1841 —42 1841 —42 1841 —43 1841 — 43 1842 —43 1841 —43 1841 —43 1841 —43 1841 -43 Smalley, Edward 1841—43 Fulton, George W. W.. . 1841—43 Boddam, Hungerford M. . 1841—43 Desborough, Charles . . . 1841 — 43 Mocatta, Daniel 1841—43 Parish, George L 1841 — 43 Dobree, Samuel 1842 — Berthon, Henry P. B. . . 1841—43 Baton, Charles S 1841 — 43 Nicholson, Leslie 1841—43 Geldart, Thomas J 1841—43 Weld, George . , 1842— Widdicombe, Wm 1842—44 Harrison, Edward 1842—44 Frere, Arthur E 1842—43 Sinclair, James 1842^ — 44 Aytoun, Andrew 1841—43 Eraser, George W 1841 — 43 Gordon, Abraham C. . . . 1841—43 Fullarton, Craufurd .... 1841—43 Hutchinson, Charles W. . 1841-43 Reay, Charles 1841—42 Moxon, Philip 1811-43 Taylor, Alexander 1841 — 43 Sim, George 1841—43 Campbell, James 1842—43 Harris, John C 1842-43 Thompson, George H. . . 1842—43 Graydon, John. ."^ 1842-44 Campbell, Napier G. . . . 1842-43 Penson, James 1842—43 Newall, Dd. J. F 1842—43 Jefferis, John 1842—43 Eraser, Alexander 1842—43 :Mallock, Rawlin J 1842—44 Russell, George C 1842—44 Crump, Charles W 1842-43 Hankin, George C 1842 — 43 Angelo, John A 1842—43 Watson, John E 1842—43 686 ADDISCOMBE CADETS Hackctt, James D. M. . . 1842— Gilmore, James F 1842 — ^43 Dyas, Joseph H Ib42— 43 O'Connell, Peter P. L.. . 1842-43 Gowan, VVm. M 1842—43 Drummond, Henry .... 1842—43 Morton, Robert 1842—43 Heatley, Warner R. R. D. 1842—44 Barwise, Weston 1S42— 44 Bourchier, Pkmket 1842—43 Tallan, W'm 1842—44 Paxton, Llewellyn 1842 — 43 Tulloh, John S.' 1842-43 Leeds, Edward 1842—44 Bailey, Frederick P. . . . 1842—44 Renny, George A 1842—44 Dun, Edward W 1842-43 Oldfield, Joseph 1842—43 Best, Wm. R 1842- - Waddington, Henry F. . . 1842—43 Brown, George G 1842 — 44 Bunny, Arthur 1842—43 Petrie, Martin 1843 — Fitzgerald, Wm. R 1842 — 44 Fife, James G 1842—44 Hyde, Henry , . . 1842—44 Johnson, Charles C 1842—44 Roberts, George R 1842—44 Holland, Thomas \\-.. . . 1842 — 44 Mead, John A. R 1843—44 Miller, Wm 1842—44 Glover, Thomas G 1842 — 44 Money, Richard W 1842— Thompson, Richard .... 1842 — 44 Young, Ralph ....... 1842—44 Timbrell, Harry V 1842—44 Boodle, Charles E 1843—45 Haydon, Thomas 1842—44 Hyndman, Elliott 1842—44 Stewart, Wm 1842—44 Sharpe, Edmund 1842 — 44 Smith, Rd. E. G 1842-44 Hutchinson, George. . . . 1842—44 Bagshaw, Frederick J. S. 1842 — 44 Von Andlau, Ferdinand . 1843 — 45 Cox, Wm. F 1842—44 Charlton, Edward E. G. . 1842— BaiUie, Gordon 1843 — 44 Griffith, Joseph C 1842 — 44 Robertson, John R. J. . . 1843—45 Brown, George R 1842—44 Winscom, George V. . . . 1842—44 Giffard, Arthur 1843—44 Bennet, James P 1843—44 Thompson, James 1843 — 44 Grindall, Frederick C. . . 1843—44 Greathed, Wm. W. H. . . 1843—44 Couchman, Wm. D. . . . 1843—44 Hailes, John C 1843—45 Reid, Henry S 1843— Jones, Jenkin 1843 — 44 Whiting, John S 1843—44 Walker, James T 1843—44 Bosworth, Thomas H. . . 1843—44 Clark, Campbell 1843—44 Campbell, George G. J. . 1843 — 45 Heath, Alfred H 1843—44 Moberly, Francis J 1843 — 44 Evans, John M 1843—45 Langborne, George 1843 — 45 Donovan, James T 1843 — 45 Cookes, Charles H 1843—44 W'illan, Henry D. A. D. . 1843—45 Smith, Charles P. C. . . . 1843— .Marshall, Wm. E 1843—44 Dempster, Charles 1843 — 44 Mylne, Wm. A 1843—44 Conybeare, Frederick. . . 1843 — 44 Gordon, Wm. R 1844—45 Newmarch, Charles D. . . 1843-44 ADDISCOI^IBE CADETS 687 Hunter, Montgomery . . . 1843 — 45 Crofton, James 1843—44 Baillie, John 1844—45 Walker, Edward W. E. . 1843—44 Sandford, Herbert B. . . . 1843 — 44 Hildebrand, Edward H. . 1843—45 Angelo, Frederick C. . . 1813—44 Magrath, John R 1843—45 Hcbbert, Frederick H. . . 1843—41 Oakes, Edward C 1843 — 44 Hanmer, Francis H. . . . 1843 — 44 Bude, Frederick R. de . . 1843 — 45 Haig, Felix T 1843—44 Boddam, Castle T 1843—44 Stiles, George H. , . . . . 1843—45 Steuart, Charles J 1843—44 Kinloch, David J 1843—44 Bean, John 1843—44 Raper, John F 1843—44 Cowper, Alexander .... 1843 — 45 Moberly, Arthur S 1843—45 Hathorn, James G 1843 — 45 Hickey, Robert J. F. . . . 1843—45 Innes, Charles D 1843 — 45 Urquhart, Frederic D. . . 1843 — 45 Graham, Alexander H, . . 1843 — 45 Bayley. John M 1843—45 Anderson, Alexander J. . 1843 — 45 Howell, Walter R. H. J. . 1843—45 Tower, Thomas 1843 — Mclntyre, John McK. . . . 1843—45 Carwardine, John .... 1843 — 45 Bradford, Wm. J 1843—45 Murray, George G 1844 — 45 Murray, Robert 1843—44 Mayne, Augustus O. . . . 1844 — 45 Home, Philip D .... 1843—45 Playfair, John W 1843 — 45 Ruggles, John 1843—45 :\iacauley, George W. . . 1844—46 Mark, Arthur R 1843—45 Smith, Henry :\I 1844—45 Henegan, Richard G. F. . 1843 — 45 Forshall, Wm. H 1843 — Bishop, Henry P 1843 — 45 Carnell, Wm 1845 — 46 Dickins, Francis A 1844—45 Harris, James D 1844 — 45 Ogilvie, James S 1843—45 Farquhar, Wm. G 1844 — 45 Lemarchand, Charles S. . 1843—45 Cadell, Alexander . ... 1843—45 Sankey, :\Iorgan C 1844—46 Nasmyth, Charles 1843—44 Delamain, John W 1843—45 Pickard, Jocelyn 1844—46 Longmore, Charles M. . . 1844—45 Higginson, Thomas E . . 1844 — 45 Thomson, David 1844—46 Godby, Christopher J. . . 1843 — 45 AUom, Charles E 1844—46 Lawrence. Robert J. S. . 1844—45 Armstrong, Edward M. . . 1847— 4'J Dangerfield, George. . . . 1844 — 45 Simons, Francis C 1844-46 De Mole, Frederick Y. . . 1844—46 Chapman, George 1844 — 45 Aloore, Henry ." 1844—45 Swayne, James D 1844 — 45 Mellersh, George B. . . . 1844—45 Comber, Augustus K. . . 1844 — 45 Pearson, Henry B 1844—45 Gibbard, Thomas B. . . . 1844—45 Yorke, James 1844 — 45 Lumsden, Henry W. . . . 1844 — 45 Elliot, George A 1844—45 Barton, Charles J 1844—45 Gulliver, Henry W 1844—45 Smith, Wemyss 1844—46 Combe, Alfred 1844—46 688 A D 1) I S C O M B K C A I ) E T S Pickering, Gilbert 1844- Wood, James C 1H44- Wallace, Rayner Is44- Birch, Richard C 1844- Castle, Wm. B 1844- Webl), Wm. L 1844- Pollard, Charles 1844- Dowell, Wallis 1844- Brereton, John A 1 H44- Baddeley, Clinton 1844- Sandham, Edgar 1 845- Stewart, Robert ..... 1844- VVilde, Edward A 844- Bean, Charles C 1844- Havelock, Wm. H 1844- Beville, Henry 1844- Gibbes, Philip 1844- Griffiths, George H. . . . 1844- Rowlandson, Edward A. . 1844- Kennedy, Hon. Fergus . . 1844- •Burn, James 1844- Aletcalfe, Theophiliis J.. . 1844- Dewe, Samuel W 1844- Parsons, Wm. C 1844- Dawson, Alexander H . . 1844- Maunsell, Frederick R . . 1844- Oliphant, Wm. S 1844- Huxham, George C . . . 1844- Cooke, Augustus H. . . . 1845- Brown, W^m T 1844- Fraser, Affleck 1844- Playfair, Robert L 1844- Law, Edward A 1844- Thomas, Lancelot F. C. . 1844- Garnett, Arthur W. . . . 1844- Adey, Capel F 1844- ]\Iallock, Roger J 1844- Gully, Francis J 1844- Hickcs, Frederick . . . 1844 Machell, Launcelot .... 1844- 45 45 -45 45 45 -45 -45 46 -46 -45 -46 -46 45 -46 -45 46 45 -45 -45 -45 -45 45 45 -46 -45 46 -46 -46 -45 -46 46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -46 -45 Roberts, Rd. A 1844—46 Milton, John E 1845 — 46 Biden, Horatio 1844—46 Miles, Frederick N 1845—46 Smith, John 1844—45 Clarke, Charles 1844—46 Mercer, Charles MacW. . 1844-46 Green, Earnest A 1845—47 Worsop, Mainwaring A. . 1845 — 46 Henderson, Wm. H. J. . . 1844—46 Thorp, Courtenay G. . . . 1844 — 46 Worthington, Jonn. Y. . . 1845—46 Span, Oliver McC 1845—46 Cox, John B 1845—47 Creighton, Robert. .... 1844—46 Hayward, George F. . . . 1844 — 46 Prior, George B 1844—47 Campbell, Dugald J. P. . . 1844—46 Cotes, Charles E. H. . . . 1844—46 Ruding, James H 1845—46 Plomer, Alfred G 1845 — 47 Palliser, Charles. H 1845 — 47 Quaylc, Wm. F 1845—46 Close, John B. G 1845—46 Watson, George E. . . . 1845 — 46 Sellon (Smith), Percival. . 1845—46 Stevenson, Walter J. H. . 1845 — 46 Gahagan, Albert 1845—46 Home, Duncan C 1845 — 46 Stewart, Charles T 1845—46 Alexander, Daniel C. . . . 1845—46 Smith, Steward R. . . . 1845 — 46 Johnstone, Augustus S. . 1845 — 46 Garrett, Thomas P 1845—46 Francis, Alfred 1845—47 Macdonald, John. .... 1845—46 Maclachlan, Thomas J. . . 1845 — 47 Taylor, Frederick S. . . . 1845 — 47 Hutchinson, Benjn. M. . . 1845 — 46 Reid, James H 1845—46 A I) 1) I S C O M B E C A D li T S 689 Perkins, Henry G 1845—47 Shuttleworth, Edward I. . 1845 — Boulderson, Shadwell S. . 1845 — 40 Anderson, Robert E. . . . 1845 — 47 Tovey, John . . , 1845—47 Moore, John A. H 1845—46 Gammell, Frederick E. . . 1845 — 46 Graham, John M 1845 — 47 Ford, St. Clair 1845—47 Day, Edward W 1845—46 Fuller, John A 1845—46 Brown, Edward P 1845—47 Davidson, Edward 1845 — 47 Chambers, Robert Y. . . 1845—46 White, Thomas W. . . . 1845—46 Steuart, Frederick G. . . 1845 — 46 Peile, Frederick W. . . . 1845—46 Willoughby, George D. P. 1845—46 Scott, Stanley . / 1845—46 Hyde, John T 1845—48 Playfair, Elliot M 1845—46 Marriott, Christopher . . . 1845 — 47 Sankey, Richard H. . . . 1845—46 P^orbes, Frederick M. H. 1845—47 Humfrays, Samuel J. . . 1845 — 47 Lillie, George A. H. . . . 1845—47 Taylor, Addington 1845 — 47 Henderson, Wm 1845—47 Napier, George 1845 — 47 Goldworthy, FitzThomas. 1845 — 47 Sykes, Wm. H. F 1846—47 Lamb, John H 1845—46 Wilkins, Henry St. C. . . 1845—47 Clements, James 1845 — 47 Tennant, James F 1845 — 47 Wallace, Rowland R. . . . 1845—47 Ouseley, Ralph 1845—47 Drever, Wm. S 1845—47 Pow^ell, Thomas E 1845—47 Smith, James D 1845 — 47 Smith, James A iy4(j_47 Webster, Thomas E. . . . 1845 — 47 Trevor, John S 1845 — 47 Medley, Julius G 1845—47 Berthon, Edward P. . . . 1845—47 Bradford, Henry R 1846—47 Pringle, Alexander .... 1846—47 Stubbs, Francis W. . . . 1845—47 Brownlow, Henry R. . . . 1845 — 47 Eraser, Wm 1845 — 47 Burlton, Philip H. C. . . . 1846—48 Nasmyth, David J 1846—47 Raikes, Charles 1845 — 47 Simonds, Rd. S 1845 — 47 Jervis, Swynfen C 1846 — 47 Heathorn, Lidwell 1846—47 Scott, Charles 1846—47 Swete, John B 1846—47 Hankin, Smerdon K. . . . 1846 — 47 Donne, John E 1846-47 Basevi, George H 1846—48 Shaw, Clements R 1846—47 Harris, Thomas M 1846—47 Graves, John H 1846—47 Swinton, Robert B. . . . 1846—47 Sewell, Henry T 1846—48 Vanrenen, John A 1846—47 Manson, Wm. G 1846—47 Manson, Henry F 1846—47 Smith, Clement J. . . . 1846—47 Grant, John H 1846—47 Pittman, Richard 1846—47 Grahame, Thomas Wm. . 1846 — 47 Whish, Edward S 1847—48 Church, Robert 1346—47 Scatterd, Watson 1846—48 Dallas, Wm 1846—47 Graham, Thomas 1846 — 48 Pereira, Charles L . . . . 1846—47 Norman, Francis B. . . , 1846 — 47 44 690 ADDISCOMBE CADETS Hands, Wm 1846-48 Agnew, Patrick A 1846—47 Henchy, Donatus C. . . . 1846—47 Hankin, Edward L 1846—47 Russell, Lindsay 1846 — 47 Dcnnison, Gordon 1846 — 47 Crowe, Thomas C 1846 — 47 Walker, Lancelot 1846—47 Gibb, James S 1846—47 Southey, Edmund 1846—47 Bowen, James H 1847 — 49 Noding, James 1846—48 Wilson, Wm 1846—47 Kemp, Francis C 1846—49 Gillespie, Alexander. . . . 1846 — 47 Carey, De Vic F 1847—48 Temple, Simon 1846 — 48 Tulloh, Robert H 1846 — 48 Farre, Albert J. C 1846—48 Goddard, John 1846—47 •Fischer, John F 1846—47 Lumsdcn, Peter S 1846 — 47 Walker, Edmund 1846—48 Lance, James D 1846—48 Burnes, George J. H. . . . 1846—47 Shercr, Joseph F 1846—47 Palmer, Wm. H. G. . . . 1846 — 48 Lawrance,AlcxanderW.K.S. 1 846—48 Gouldsbury, Francis E. . . 1846 — 48 Maxwell, Hamilton .... 1846—48 Hamilton, Wm. (1st.). . 1846—48 Packe, Charles F. . . . . . 1846—47 Nares, John S 1846 — 48 Boulnois, Arthur 1846—48 Goddard, James 1846 — 48 Gordon, John 1846—48 Lucas, Charles S. de N. . 1846—48 Graeme, Patrick St. G. . . 1847—49 Martin, George C. M. . . 1847-49 Ashburner, Burnett .... 1846 — 48 Craigie, Francis J. . . Yeoman, Constantine L Pedler, John P. . . Clarke, Wm. H. . . Hobson, Julian C. . Smalpage, Frederic Gloag, Henry D. . Stewart, Wm. F . Brandt, Edward . . Evans, Henry J. . Stainforth, Henry E Newall, Adam G. . Salkeld, Philip. . . Dirom, Thomas A. Gumming, Alexander E Grossman, Charles P. . Lambert, Frederick W Hamilton, Wm. (2nd.) Gillespie, Thomas . . . Williams, Edward C S Swetenham, James R Gordon, Alexander D Wing, John F. . . . Morton, Bryce W. D Scott, Theophilus L. Loft, Frederick J. . Des Voeux, Alfred A Turnbull, Frederick H Gaskoin, Clarke A. . Lewis, Edward D. F Hichens, Wm Chesney, George T. Tennant, Thomas B. Reeves, George J. . Middleton, John C . McLeod, Francis H. Ballard, John A. . . Isacke, Lancelot H. . Innes, James J. McL Dyer, Thomas .... 847—48 846—48 847—48 847—49 847 — 48 846—48 847-48 847 — 48 847 — 48 847 — 48 846—48 847 — 48 846—48 846-48 847 — 48 846—48 846—48 847—48 846 — 48 846—48 846-48 847—49 846—49 846—48 846—48 846—48 847—48 847—48 847—48 847 — 48 849 — 50 847 — 48 847— 847—48 847 — 49 847—48 847 — 48 847—49 847—48 847—48 A D D 1 S C O M B E CAD E T S 691 Gahagan, Theodore E Carnell, Richard R. . Harward, Thomas N. Ingilby, Wm. . . Bogle, Andrew H Peach, Robert A. Shawe, Wm. B. . Mullins, John. . . Ashe, St. George Foster, Joseph A. Brightman, John E. Henchy, Robert C. Snow, Rupert T. . Davidson, Alexander FitzGerald, John H Pogson, Edward R. Montgomerie Thomas Hyslop, Henry F. M. Richards, Charles J Hughes, Thomas E Barbor, George D. Donaldson, Leverton Mottet, Edward A Wall, Richard H. Depree, George C Ryves, Joseph G. Clephane, Wm. . Cooper, Henry C. A Smith, John S. NichoU, Thomas Pierson, Wm. S Hardy, John B. Burnes, Fitzjames H Henderson, Wm. H McDougall, Charles A Murray, Henry. . Johnson, Henry J Atkinson, James T. A Brown, Wm Urquhart, Beauchamp G C. 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1848- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1848- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1848- 1849- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1848- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1848- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1847- 1848- -48 -48 -48 -48 -48 -48 -49 -48 -49 -49 -49 -49 -49 -48 -49 -49 -49 -49 -49 -49 -49 -49 -48 -49 -50 -49 -49 -48 -50 49 -49 -49 -49 -49 -49 -49 -49 -49 Steuart, Murray ... Hankin, Frederick G Willoughby, Edward H Cotgrave, Richard E Blagrave, Edward R. Martin, James R. . . Eraser, Moore Mc I. Gillespie, Robert R. Owen, Edward. . . . Darrah, Henry Z. . . Tomkinson, Frederick Malcolmson, John H. P Lucas, George D. A. Ogilvie, Alexander J. Morland, John. . . . Miller, Frederic T. . Campbell, Henri. . . James, Montagu . . . Maynard, Charles W. Bell, Henry J Bernard, Henry L. C Harvey, Henry C. . . Lloyd, jMalcolm B. S Nimmo, Thomas R. Butt, Francis R. . . . Warrand, William E. Smith, Thomas P. . Park, Wm. A Brownlow, Henry A. Forbes, Henry T. . . Kerrich Walter D'Oyly Eraser, Wm. M. . . Thomson, Wm. B. . Hawthorn, George S. Barclay, Hugh R. P. Dawson, Edward S. K Milman, Everard S. . . Wodehouse, Francis A Lindsay, Alexander H. Oldfield, Henry T. . . F. H. 1847—49 1848—49 1848—50 1847—49 1847—49 1847—49 1847 — 1847—49 1848—49 1847—49 1848—49 1847—49 1847—49 1847-49 1848-49 1848-49 1848—49 1848—49 1847—49 1848—50 1848—49 1848—49 1848—50 1848—49 1848—49 1848—49 1848—49 1848—49 1848—49 1848—49 1849—50 1848—49 1847—49 1848— 1848— 1848—49 1848—49 1849—50 1848—49 1848 — 49 692 A D D I S C O M B E CADETS Tucker, Charlton N. . . . 1848—49 Foote, Frank B 1848 — 49 Swanson, Francis 1848 — 49 Mayne, Jasper 1848—49 Hickman, Devereiix H. . . 1848—49 Garden, Wm. A 1848—49 Manson, George W. . . . 184S — 49 Forstcr, Wm. D 1848—49 Church, Thomas R 1848 — 50 Stone, George H 1 848—49 Law, George V 1848—50 Gowan, Ross D. . . . . . 1849 — 51 Soady, Joseph R 1848—49 Blair, Gustavus F 1848 — 50 Twiss, Godfrey 1848—49 Oakes, Richard F 1848—50 Tierney, Edward 1S48 — 49 Trevor, Wm. S 1848—49 Macintyre, Donald 1848—50 De Vitre, Wm 1848—49 •Steuart, John S 1849—50 Lumsden, Wm. H 1848—49 Osborn, Henry R 1849 — 50 Smith, Charles G 1849—51 Simpson, John R 1849 — 50 Ellis, Ralph A. F. W. . . 1849—50 Johnson, Charles 1849 — 51 Campbell, Kenneth D. J. . 1848 — 50 Carr, James S 1848—50 Earle, Edward L 1848—50 Alcrriman, Charles J. . . . 1848—50 Stewart, James 1848—50 Randall, Wm. L 1848—50 Craster, George A 1848—49 Geneste, Maximilian G. , 1848 — 50 Haworth, John F 1849—50 Thorp, John T 1848—50 Gibbon, Wm. M 1849—51 Sellon, Robert S 1848—50 Rotton, Arthur 1848—50 Colburne, John 1848—50 Limond, David 1848—50 Roberts, Charles P 1850—51 Lloyd, Frederic 1848—50 Stewart, Patrick 1848—50 Playfair, Frederick L. . . 1848—50 Gray, Richard S 1849—51 Brett, Francis A 1848—50 Salmon, Frederic B. . . . 1849—50 Douglas, Richard M. . . . 1848—49 Baker, Richard A 1848—50 Mead, Clement J 1849—50 Raikes, Henry T. A. . . . 1848—50 Peyton, Wm 1848—50 Thomason, James G. . . . 1848 — Fisher, Wm. P 1849—51 Rogers, Henry T 1848—49 Vizard, Francis 1849—50 Middleton, Charles F.. . . 1850—52 Morrison. Charles M. . . . 1849—51 Percivall, John 1849—50 Miller, James C 1849—51 Parker, Montagu W. . . . 1848—49 Vaughan, Henry 1848—50 Simpson, George B. C. . 1849 — 50 Simpson, Edward H. C. . 1849 — 50 Wrench, Edward J 1849—50 Finlay, Wm. P 1849—51 Thomson, Hugh G 1848—50 Hemming, Francis 1849 — 50 Fitzgerald, Mordaunt M. . 1849—50 Dickins, Thomas E. . . . 1849—50 Hog, Thomas I. M.. . . 1849—51 Soppitt, Arthur 1849—50 Reid, Douglas 1848—50 Dobbin, George M 1849-50 Stanton, Frederick S.. . . 1849—50 Trevenen, James 1848 — 50 Martin, Charles W 1849—50 Clarke, Willoughby C. S. 1849—51 ADDISCOMBE CADETS 693 R H Trotter, Alexander J. Childers, Eardley W Dodd, Cecil D. J. . . Walters, Robert A. . Cockburn, Henry A. Humphrys, ]\Iervyn A McNeill, John C . . . Le Cocq, Hubert . . Heathorn, Thomas B Newmarch, Henry F Fox, Francis R. . . Wa}', Thomas H. . jNIalcolm, Robert P. Robertson, Colin A Bourbel, Raoul de, Onslow, George W. Tucker, Wm. R. . Twyford, Henry R. Manderson, George Finch, Alexander U Harcourt, George J Hovenden,. Julian St. J Woodhouse, Robert R. Lewin, Edward P Eraser, John McK Marsh, George C. Tanner, Mark B. Anderson, Patrick C Cunlitfe, Robert H. Welsh, David J. . . Ducat, Claude M. . Vos, James G. . . Cadell, Henry M. . Gloag, Archibald R Stewart, John H. M. . Van Heythuysen, R. M Grant, Arthur Jebb, Richard J Holberton, Thomas N. Henry 1850- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1848- 1849- 1851- 1850- 1849- 1850- 1848- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1850- 1849- 1850- 1850- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1850- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1849- 1850- 1850- 1850 1850- -51 -51 51 -51 -50 -50 -51 -50 -53 -51 -51 -51 -50 -50 -51 -51 -51 -50 -51 -51 51 -51 -51 -50 -51 -51 -51 -51 -50 -51 -51 -52 -52 -52 Thomson, David 1850-51 Lee, John E 1849—51 Warren, Charles H. L. . . 1850—51 Young, Wm. S 1849—51 Duncan, George M 1849 — 50 Arbuckle, Charles V. . . . 1849—51 Watson, Hugh 1849—51 Stevenson, Wm. F 1850 — 51 Sheppee, Francis F. . . . 1850 — 51 Maiden, Wm. H 1849—51 Vertue, James 1849—51 Tollemache, Albert . . . . 1850 — 51 Shaw. Wm. F 1850—51 Pope,' Robert 1849 — 51 Utterson, Alfred 1850—51 Nutt, Justinian A 1849—51 Billamore, Ashmead J. . . 1849 — 50 Campbell, Wm. CD... 1849 — 51 Sutton, Charles 1850—51 Prendergast, Hew L. . . . 1849—50 Goodfellow, Wm. W. . . 1850—51 Roberts, Frederick S. , . 1850—51 Willes, Augustus 1849—50 Cracklow, George 1850 — 51 Brownlow, Elliot P 1850—51 Chapman, Wm. H 1850-51 Dobree, Frederick W\ . . 1849 — 51 Lewes, Charles E 1849 — 51 Perkins, yEneas 1850 — 51 Basevi, James P 1850 — 51 Goodwyn. Henry 1849 — 51 Stewart, John 1850 — ^51 Lambert, Edwin A. C. . . 1850 — ^51 Woodward. Walter W. . . 1851—52 Eckford, James A. H. . . 1849—51 Wilson, Frederick H. . . . 1850—51 Falconnet, GrenvilleP. deP. 1850—52 Martin, James H. M. . . . 1850—51 Halhed, Charles M 1851—53 Hills, Archibald 1850—51 694 ADDISCOMBE CADETS Wynch, Henry St. M Spens, Henry G. W. Cox, Wm. O. . . . Gordon, James R. . Gordon, Benjamin I Sturges, Octavius . Lysaght, Henry P. Hoskins, Arthur R. Hancock, Henry F. Anderson, David D Cumberland, Wm. B Pope, George S. . Lennox, Charles E Denny, Charles A. Thomason, Charles S Beckley, Thomas . Chalmers, Sidney . Turner, Thomas H. Hawkins, Edward L .Hitchins, Horatio O Oakeley, Henry E. Thomson, James, . Boddam, Welby W Dempster, Henry L Haggard, George . Greig, Irwin M. . . Smith, Conway W. Hunter, Charles . . Monckton, John R. Griffiths, Julius G. T Whish, Frederick A Harington, Hastings Cornwell, Wm. E. Lang, Arthur M. . Pearson, John R. . Bishop, George A. Mc.Grigor, Duncan J. Smith, Robert A. . Spens, Archibald L Watkins, John W. 1 850- 1850- 1850- 1849- 1850- ] 850- 1850- 1849- 1850- 1850- 1850 - 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1851- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1851- 1851- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1851- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1 852- 1850- 52 -52 51 -51 52 -52 52 -51 -52 -51 -52 52 -52 -51 52 -52 -52 -52 -51 -51 -52 -51 -51 -51 51 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -51 -52 -52 -52 -52 -52 -51 D Chrystie, Wm Burton, John P. . . . Jackson, Hungerford Kerrich, Leonard A Onslow, Adolphus B. Dougal, Thomas. . Edgcome, Wm. H. Campbell, James M Maunsell, John R. . Prole, Wm. G. . . Browne, George D. Barnes, Christopher H Stevenson, Russell A Manning, Douglas G. Bryce, John H. . . Crolly, Patrick R. . Jameson, Charles . Worsley, George F Pym, Harry .... La Touche, Charles B. Graeme, Lawrence A Hunter, John N. . . Humphry, Edward W Goldingham. George Belli, Walter F. . . Bonham, John , . . Ruspini, William B Cunliffe, Foster J. Raynsford, John L, Trevor, Salusbury T. Lee, Charles D. I. Vardon, Noel H. B Pasley, Maitland W. MacFarlan, David . Sewell, Wm. R. D. Chamier, Stephen H Trevor, Francis C Salwey, Edward . Drummond, Wm. L Stewart, Wm. R. . . B. M. 1851- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1850- 1851- 1852- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1850- 1850- 1853- 1850- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1850- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1850- 1851- 1852- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1851- 1850- 1850- 1852- 1852- 58 53 52 -53 -51 -52 51 -52 -53 -54 -52 -52 -52 -52 52 -54 -52 -53 -53 -52 -53 -52 -52 -53 -53 -52 -52 -53 -52 -52 -53 -52 -53 -52 -53 52 -52 -53 -53 ADDISCOMBE CADETS 695 Gardyne. Evan B 1851 Dicken, 'Wm. P 1852 Finch, Cuthbert W. . . . 1851- Judge, Spencer A. T. . . 1851- Hat-court, Philip H 1852- Moore, John H 1852- Walker, Richard J 1851- Strutt, Charles H 1851 Tasker, John 1852 Watson, Robert G 1851 Champain, John U. ' . . . 1851- Mallock, Henry A 1852- Price, James C. G 1851 Pemberton, Robert C. B. . 1851- Cleghorn, James C 1851 Wa'tson, Charles E 1851- Strover, Wm 1851- Gunning, Charles G. . . . 1851- Alexander, James 1851- FitzRoy, Ferdinand. . . . 1851- Home, Robert 1851- Beatty, Joseph 1851- INIytton, George 1851- Edwards, Wm. F 1851- Watts, John L 1851- McNeill, Alexander .... 1852- Munro, Charles 1851- Newmarch, George .... 1851- Suthcrland, Wm.^ Robert. 1852- Puckle, Henry G 1851- McLeod, Harry 1851- Thompson, Penton .... 1852- Hacon, Octavius G. C. . . 1851- Warren, David C 1851- Anderson, Robert B. . . . 1851- Chalmers, Wm. A 1852- McMahon. Charles J. . . . 1851- Ritchie, John 1851- ' Afterwards Bateman — Champain. -52 -53 -52 -52 -53 -54 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 -52 -52 -53 -52 -53 -52 -52 -53 -53 -52 -52 -53 -54 -53 -53 -53 -53 -53 Davies, Henry M 1852—53 Cox, Wm. E 1851—53 Fox, Eric S 1851—53 Warden, George L. . . . 1851—53 Marshall, Joseph G 1851—52 Stokes, George B 1851 — 52 VVahers, John S 1852—53 Craigie, Arthur W 1851—53 Lidderdale, James 1851 — 52 Gordon. Dundas W. . . . 1851 — 52 Lane. Wm. M 1851—53 Traill. George B 1851—52 McNeill, John 1852—53 Grant, Aldowrie P 1851—53 Galloway, James 1851 — 53 Hamond, Wm. C 1852—53 Fulford, Wm. F 1852—54 Franks, Robert R 1852—53 Somerville, Wm. T. . . . 1852—54 Thompson, Francis H. . . 1852 — 54 Weldon. Thomas 1852—53 Sewell, Francis W. J. . . 1852—54 Baker, Wm. A 1852—53 Norris, James T 1851 — 53 Elliot, Minto 1851—53 Rynd, Philip C 1851 — 53 Le Mesurier, John 1852 — 53 Bridges, Oliver S 1852—53 Hasted, John 1852—53 Reid, Charles G 1852—54 Murray, Patrick 1852—53 Hawkins, Henry L 1851 — 53 Finlay, Henry j\I 1852—53 Arnot, David 1852—53 Robertson, Eliott L. . . . 1852—53 Bromley, Henry M 1851—53 McGoun, Alexander. . . . 1853 — 54 Hills, James 1851- 53 Douglas, Charles 1852 — 54 Currie, Richard 1852 — 53 696 ADD ISC OM BE CADETS St.Geort^e, Richard dc L Browne, Clement M . . Warrington, Henty H. C. G Sconce, James .... Tanner, Henry C. B. Stuart, Henry B. . . TuUoch, Hector . . . Aislabie, Rawson . . Carey, Arthur .... Penny, Charles B. F. Hoyes, John Pechell, Horace S. K Holland, Edward B. Berthon, Thomas P. Taylor, Charles S. S. Jeffreys, Wm McCausland, Wm. H Harris, John P. . . . Newport, Christopher Tayler, John C. . . . 'White, John H. . . . Gordon, George G. . Grev, Wm. F Ward, David MacCarthy, Henry P. Robinson. Charles G. Noble, Horatio N.. . Hadow, Frederick E. Segrave, Frederick H Caine, Wm. H. . . . Newport, Wm. H. . Raynsford, Edward C Dyke, Edward H. . . Edgeworth, Wm. . . Tandy, Francis L. . Rogers, Brudenel . . Baker, George A. A. Jones, l^dward .... Christian, Frederick W Cairnes, Wm. J. D. . . T. W 1854- 1852- 1854- 1852- 1 852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 18.52- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852 1852- 1852- 1853- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1853- 1853- 1854- 1852- 1855- 1853- 1 852- 1852- 1852- 1853- 1852- 1853- -56 -54 -56 -53 -54 -53 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -53 -53 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -53 -53 -54 -53 -54 -55 -54 -53 -54 -55 -55 -55 -53 -57 -53 54 -54 -54 -54 -54 Vivian, Aylmer . , Griffith, Charles M Louis, Wm. L. . . Boyd, Billington B. Townsend, Somerset E Lucas, James C. De N Dayrell, Charles L Lindsay, James G Carnegie, Henry A. I Haig. Charles T Bell, Wm. J., . Tod, Edward H. M Eden, Morton E. Judge, Charles N Macdonald, ^neas R. R Swinton, George. Dick, Wm. G. D Wallace, Newton H Hills, John . . . Prendergast, Harry N. D Oakes, Arthur E Harcourt, Alfred F Graves, Wm. T. Wake, Alfred J.. Griffin, Edward C Foord. Montague Vibart, John . . . Dougal, Robert . Thackeray, Edward T Freeman, Frederick P. W Basevi, Charles E.. Fairbrother, Charles ]\I Reade, George Dickinson, Charles . Bell, Charles H. . . . Meiklejohn, Hugh R Steer, Edmond C. . Gordon, Harry J. G Leishman, John T. . Bonus, Joseph .... 18,53- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1852- 1852- 1 852- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1852- 1852- 1852- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1853- 1854- 1853- 1853- 1854- 1853- 1855- 1853- 1854- 1853- 1853- 1853- -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -55 -54 -55 -54 -54 -54 -54 -54 -55 -54 -54 -54 -54 -55 -54 -55 -55 -55 -56 -55 -54 -55 -54 -55 -55 ADDISCOMBE CADETS 697 Jones, Howel L 1853 — 54 Vachell, Henry T 1853 — 54 lAiard, Charles H 1853—55 Birney, John 1853 — 55 Theobald, Charles P. . . . 1853—55 Delafosse, Henry G. . . . 1853 — 54 Faber, Harvey R 1853 — 55 Burra, Henry 1853 — 54 Jacob, John 1853 — 55 Baker, Edward H 1853—54 Murray, Wm. G 1853—55 Burton, Wm. H 1853—55 Gully, Wm 1854 — 55 Brydon, Wm. H 1852 — 54 Onslow, Hamilton C. . . . 1854 — 55 Mytton, Frederick C. . . . 1853 — 54 Hancock, Charles 1853 — 55 Blew, George E 1853 — 54 Raikes, Charles L 1853—55 Gambier, Edward P. . . . 1853 — 55 Dewar, Gilbert 1 1853—54 Shuldham, John H 1853—54 Pitt, Robert H 1852—54 Vibart, Alexander J. . . . 1853 — 54 Macready, Edward N. B. 1853—54 Houghton, Richmond . . . 1853 — 54 Battine, George 1853 — 55 Forbes, John G J,S53 — 54 Smithett, Hamilton .... V 53 — 55 Lewes, Frederick E. . . . 1853 — 55 Howes, Frederick A 1853—54 Goodfellow, Charles A. . . 1853 — ^55 Davidson, Alexander H. . 1853 — 55 Lane, Horatio P 1853-55 Stephenson, John W.. . . 1854 — 55 Liston, John 1854—55 Bedford, Joseph H 1854—56 CoUett, Henry 1853 — 55 Anderson, Charles J. . . . 1853 — 54 Holmes, Wm. B 1854—56 Douie, Andrew 1854—55 Eraser, Edward 1853 — 55 FitzHugh, Alfred 1854—55 Budd, Francis S 1853 — 55 Blair, Robert 1853—55 Eyre, Frederick V 1853 — 55 Hay, Wm. W. F 1854—55 Steel, John P 1854—55 Roberts, Frederick P. C. 1854 — 55 Phelps, Peyton 1854—55 Smyth, Ralph G 1854—55 Manderson, Wardlaw . . . 1854 — 55 Brandreth, Ashton M. . . 1854—55 Skinner, Russell M 1854—55 Phillips, Augustus M. . . . 1853 — 55 Hare, Richard T 1854—55 Ford, John 1854—56 Codrington, Edward C. . . 1854— Hudleston, Robert H. . . 1854—55 Hills, George S. . . . . . . 1853—55 Eckford, John 1854—55 Pemberton, Duncan S. . . 1854 — 56 Mathew, Brownlow H. . . 1853—55 Wood, Herbert W 1854—55 Miller, lames 1853—55 Hand, George M 1855 — 57 Gordon, Hamilton T. . . . 1854 — 55 Younghusband,GeorgeD.A. 1854 — 56 Broughton, Wm. E. D. . 1854—56 Cheek, Wigram A 1853—55 Garnault, Henry W. . . . 1854—55 Bell, Edward S 1854—56 Buckle, Charles R 1853—55 Supple, John C 1854—56 James, Edmd. M. V. . , . 1854 — 55 Manson, Walter 1853 — 55 Browne, Robert 1854—56 Moore, Henry C 1853—55 Griffiths, Clement J. . . . 1854 — 56 Daubuz, Robert C 1855 — 56 698 A D D I S C O M B E CADETS Garstin, Edward C 1S54 — 5G Twcedie, Maurice 1854 — 56 Raikes, Edward 1855 — 56 Oliver, Wm. H 1854—56 Butter, Arthur L) 1855 — 56 Moncrieff, Colin C. S. . . 1854 — 56 Monti^omcrie, Patrick. . . 1854 — 56 Smith, Charles J 1854—55 Chichester, Hugh 1854 — 56 Nairne, Charles E 1854—55 Blair, Henry F 1854— 56 Lance, Frederic 1854 — 56 Swiney, John D 1854—56 McNeile, John M 1854—56 Sutherland, Stanley S. . . 1854 — 56 Ewing, John 1854—55 Snialley, Henry 1854 — 56 Smith, Montagu C 1856 — 58 Blair, Charles R 1854—56 Girardot, Henry 1855 — 56 •Mander, Alfred T 1854—55 Maxwell, John H 1854 — Ramsay, Wm. E. M. B. . 1854 — 56 Bedingfeld, Francis W. . . 1854 — 56 Shaw, Henry A 1855 — 56 Martin, John N 1855 — 56 Harris, Henry T 1854 — 56 Hume, Edward T 1855 — 56 Ryan, Edward H 1855 — 57 Lambert, Parry 1854 — 55 Stockley, Henry W. . . . 1854—55 Merewether, George L. C. 1854 — 56 Heywood, John M 1854 — 56 Herschel, John 1855 — 56 Moxon, Julius 1855 — Munro, Hector 1854 — 55 Moore, Townsend 1855—56 Smith, Frederick J 1855 — 56 Sheffield, Wm. R 1855 — 57 Mead, Henry R 1854—55 Shaw, Edward W 1855—56 Shaw, Alexander 1855—56 Padday, Arthur C 1855—57 Heyland, Alexander S. . . 1856—57 Westmorland, Isaac P. . . 1855 — 57 Burney, Frederick W. . . 1855 — 56 Clerk, Malcolm G . . . . 1854—55 Christie, Benjamin 1854 — 56 Stewart, Wm. J 1855—57 Macsween, Hastings. . . . 1855 — 56 Gillmore, John G 1855—57 James, Corns. F 1855 — 56 Merriman, Wm 1855 — 56 Swinton, Anson 1855 — 57 Makgill, John 1854—55 Knox, James H 1855—56 Bagge, Arthur H 1855—57 Dowden, Thomas F. . . . 1855 — 57 Maitland, John G 1855—57 Thuillier, Henry R 1855—57 Hamilton, Gerald F. . . . 1856 — 57 Whish, Wm. T 1854—56 Wynter, Philip H. M. . . 1856—57 Bainbridge, Anthony P. . 1855 — 57 Craster, Wm. R 1854—56 Bowyer, Wm. H 1855 — 57 ^lonckton, Marmaduke L. 1854 — 56 Law, Thomas G 1854 — Young, Henry W. . . . . 1854—56 Sotheby, George M. W. . 1855 — 56 Cottam, Wm. J 1855—56 Young, George G 1854 — 56 Robertson, Frank 1855 — 57 Russell, George A 1856—57 O'Brien, Wm 1855—56 Le Messurier, Augustus . 1855 — 57 Wynch, Alexander .... 1855—56 Baillie, Alexander F. . . . 1855—57 Steinman, MatraversH.C.B. 1855 — 57 Penny, Stapleton 1855 — 57 ADDISCOMBE CADETS 699 Flint, Edward W. . . . INIanderson, Thomas C. jNIacnabb, John C. E. Waiter, Henry de G Pritchard, Charles B Walker, Alexander Trail, David H. . . Aitchison, Wm. M. Coningham, Wm. . Brandreth, Joseph L St.John, Oliver B. C Marsh, Harr}^ h Evans, Harry P Edwards, Henry B. Jopp, Keith A. . Ducat, Walter I\I. Burnett, Francis R Graham, David . IMacleay, James R Benson, Wallace W Alcock, George B. P Coddington, Fitzherbert Filgate, Alexander J. Bernard, Charles E. Fletcher, Thomas C. Gumming, Alexander J. W Robinson, Richard S. Seton, Alexander R Ryan, Thaddeus. . Thornton, Henry J Pye, Wm. H. . . Cox, Edward B. . Stewart, Lewis G Abbott, Robert J Brown, Horace C. Brown, Robert. . Lewin, Thomas H Pakenham, Edmond Garrett, Newson D Sweny, Albert H. . 1855—57 I Ketchen, Isaac 1855 — 57 1855—57 Packe, Edward 1856—57 1855 — Thompson, Ross 1856 — 58 1855-57 I Brown, Wm. C 1856—57 1855— Browne, James 1856—57 1855 — 56 Ommanney, Montagu W. 1856 — 57 1855 — 57 Dixon, Alfred 1855—57 1855—57 Lowis, Ross F 1856 — 58 1855 — 57 Murray, Hugh H 1856—57 1856—57 Blackwood, George F. . , 1856—57 1855—57 Pemberton, Christopher C. 1856—58 1855 — 56 Borradaile, George W. . . 1856 — 57 1855—57 Raikes, Percy B 1856 — 57 1855 — 56 Jackson, Lowis D'A. . . . 1856 — 58 1855—57 ' Tabuteau, Thomas R. . . 1856—57 1854—56 Gleig, James PI 1856—58 1855 — 57 Sturt, Charles S 1856—58 1855—56 Williams, David W. . . . 1856—58 1855—57 Lee, Henry H 1856—57 1855—57 Crichton, Henry McV. . . 1856 — 58 1856—57 , Baylay, Charles A 1856—57 1855 — 57 I Armstrong, Charles E. . . 1856 — 57 1855—57 I Alexander, John H 1856-58 1855 — I Le Messurier, Robert. . . 1856 — 57 1855—57 Featherstonhaugh, Henry. 1856 — 58 1855—57 Warde, Charles A. M. . . 1856 — 57 1855—57 Carter, Thomas T. ' . . . 1856—57 1856—57 Hamond, Robert T. . . . 1856—57 1855—56 Ward, Francis W 1856—57 1855—57 Mant, Charles 1856 — 57 1855—57 Clutterbuck, Thomas St. O. 1857—58 1856—57 Delafosse, Charles E. . T. 1856—57 1856—57 MacDonell, George B. . . 1857 — 1855—57 Conolly, Edward R. . . . 1857 — 1855—57 Story, Philip 1856—57 1855—57 McCausland, John K. . . 1856 — 58 1855—57 j Roberts, Walter M 1856—57 1855—57 I Cameron, Keith W. S. M. 1856—57 1856—57 I J 35(3 57 j * Now Carter — Campbell. 700 A D DISCO M BE CADETS Mackenzie, Kenneth J. L Grierson, John . . . Gordon, Lewis C. . ElHott, Edward D. Armstrong, Henry I Vibart, Henry M. Champain, Frederick de jM Skipwith, Gray T. Strahan, George. . Tickell, Robert P. Finch, Walter J. . Butchart, John. . . INIachell, Edward J O'Grady, The Honbl Hardress S. ' . . Marindin, PhiUp S. Watson, Henry W Mackenzie, Harry M Lovett, Beresford Bennett, John N. ■Macdougall, James W Candy, George H James, James P.. Stevenson, Henry Campbell, Wm. M Ouchterlony, Edward T Gillies, Wm. A. B. Wyndham, Wm. . Dewar, James R. J Bannerman, Arthur J Lempriere, Percy R Trevor, Edward A. Charles, James. . . Thomson, George W Harrison, Charles W. I Balfour, Graham M Free, John F. . . . Christian, Andrew W 1S56 lS5f3- 1856- 1856- 1856- 1856- 1856- 1856- 1857- 1858- 1856- 1857- 1856- 1856- 1856- 1856- 1857- 1856- 1856- 1856- 1856- 1856- 1857- 1856- 1856- 1856- 1857- 1857- 1 856- 1856- 1856- 1857- 1857- 1856- 1856- 1857- 1857- -58 —57 —57 -57 -58 -58 -59 -57 -59 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -57 58 58 -58 -58 -58 -57 -57 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 -58 Now Viscount Guillamore. Meiklejohn, John F, Eraser, Alexander T Hay, Edward .... Cruickshank, James H Heaviside, Wm. J. Sim, Charles A. . . Bowie, Matthew M Doveton, Henry. . . Oldham, George W. Clarke, Henry S. . . Young, Henry G. . . Macartney, Maxwell J Hanbury, Charles E. Major, Francis W. . Liot, Wilby A. . . . CoUis, Francis W.. . Hawkins, Robert Mc Warren, Wm. A. . . Rolland, Patrick M. , Stevenson, Arthur T Forbes, Walter E. . Low, John A. . . . Pottinger, Brabazon Reid, Charles E. . . Lamb, George. . , . Jackson, Christison S Colquhoun, James A. Mackenzie, Harry L. Reilly, Charles H. . . Helme, Arthur T,. . Goldie, Barre J. . . . Broome, Arthur P. . Jacob, Samuel S. . . Turner, Samuel G. D Pottinger, Eldred T. Montgomerie, Wm. H Mortimer, Francis J. Bazett, Richard . . . Hancock, George E. Hebbert, Wm. S. . . H R. B. 1857 1856 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1858 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1 857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 1857 —58 —58 — 59 —58 —59 — 58 —58 — 58 —58 —58 —59 — 58 —58 —58 —58 —58 —58 -58 -58 -58 -59 -58 -59 -58 -59 -58 -60 -58 -58 -59 -59 -59 A D D I S C O M B E CADETS ■oi Taylor, John W 1857 — 58 Daubuz, Henry J 1857—58 Battiscombe, Edmund G. . 1857 — Lockhart, Wm. E 1857—58 Home. Frederick J 1857—58 Cookcslcy, John F 1857—59 Ward, Theodore M. . . . 1858—59 Roberts, Thomas W. . . . 1857—58 Walker, Thomas 1857—59 Hutchinson, Henry S. . . 1858 — 59 Pierson, Wm. H 1857—58 Macleod, James G 1857—59 Whinyates, Albert W. O. 1857—58 Johnston, W^m 1858—59 Ebden, Francis T 1857 — Huyshe, Dunbar F 1858 — 59 Straker, Charles D. A. . . 1857—58 Baldwin, Charles F. . . . 1857-59 Lee, John R 1857—59 Gumming, Francis H. T.G. 1857 — 59 Ditmas, Thomas E. R. . 1857 — 58 Rowcroft, Harry C. . . . 1857 — 59 Nelson, George G 1857— Gowan, Boyce E 1857 — 59 Marryat, Ernest L 1857—59 Wood, George P 1857—59 Morant, James L. L. . . . 1857—59 Wymer, George B 1857—59 Swinley, George 1858 — 60 Garnault, Alfred E 1857—58 Carter, Henry 1857 — 59 Pennycuick, John 1857 — 58 Edgcome, Arthur R. . . . 1857—59 Saxton, Charles C . . . . 1857 — 58 Spragge, Francis P 1858 — 59 Seton, Bruce 1858—59 Roberts, PVederic B. . . . 1857 — Blackwood, Robert .... 1858— Pollock, John G 1857—59 Elliott, Arthur W 1857—59 Saward, Michael H 1858 Leacock, Frederick S. . . 1858- Mackinnon, Farquhar D. . 1857 Hotham, John 1858 Becher, Sullivan E 1858- Buller, Henry M 1858 Waterhouse, James . . . . 1857 Urquhart, Ives M 1858 Rawlins, Arthur J. C. . . 1858 Twemlow, Edward D'O. . 1858 Peele, Ernest M 1858- Armstrong, John A. . . . 1S58 Alexander, Robert 1858- Pennefather. Robert P. . . 1858- Chapman, Edward F.. . . 1858- Loch, James 1858- Smith, Robert W 1858 Swinton, Arthur 1858 Samuells, Edward W. . . 1858- Renaud, Sydenham .... 1858 Steel, James N 1858- Hamilton, Arthur F. . . . 1858- Singleton, Francis C. . . . 1858- Cowan, Samuel H 1858- Portman, Augustus B. . . 1858- Muir, Wm. J. W 1858- Vibart, Wm. E. F. . , . . 1859- Clarke, Sydenham C. . . . 1858- Skinner, Cortland A Mc G. 1858- Brown, George P 1858- Neill, George F. E. S. . . 1858- Pemberton, Sholto E. . . 1858- Currie, Fendall E 1858- Cruickshank, John D. . . . 1858- Kaye, Astley E. L 1858- Graham, Thomas 1858- Taylor, Thomas R 1858- Shaw, Donald 1858- Riddell, Robert V 1858- Morris, George G 1858- -59 -59 59 -60 -60 59 -59 59 60 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 -60 -59 60 -59 -59 -59 -59 59 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 '02 A 1) D I S C O M B E CAD E T S Taylor, Robert F 1858 — 59 Douglas, Edmund A. . . . 1858 — 60 Wells, Ernest 1858 — Jackson, Ellis C 1858 — GO Young, John M 1858— Grant, Alexander D. . . . 1858—59 Clarke, Francis C. H. . . 1858—59 Twynam, Frederick R. . . 1858 — GO Campbell, Cornwall H. . , 1858 — Gordon, James E 1859— Gl Tollemache, Algernon S. . 1858 — 59 Gleig, Charles F 1858 — Mclver, Stewart W. . . . 1858 — Glass, Charles F 1858 — 59 HenncU. James B 1858—59 Justice, Philip 1859—60 West, Matthew R 1858—60 jNIontefiore, Emanuel . . . 1859 — 60 Spens, Arthur W 1858—59 Dyke, Charles J 1858—59 Simpson, James 1859 — 60 'Cowie, David 1858—59 Trotter, Henry 1858—60 Bruff, Joseph S. A 1858—60 Beal. Henry 1859-60 Newington, Charles D. G. 1858—60 Strahan, Charles 1858—60 Erskine, Augustus Wm. . 1858—60 Douglas, Hugh A 1858—60 Thompson, Charles H. . . 1858 — 59 Lodge, Frank 1858 — 60 Smith, Henry C 1858 — 60 Wheatley, Charles R. E. . 1858 — 59 Lawrell, Douglas W. . . . 1858-60 Broadfoot, Wm 1S59— 60 Sanderson, Percy ..... 1858—59 Broome, John H 1859—60 Wilson, Elliot 1859— Carruthers, Joseph G. T. 1858 — 60 Tomkins, Wm. P 1858—60 Godwin, Algernon A. . . . 1859- Bate, James 1858- Shepherd, Wm 1858- Clayton, Edward (f. . . . 1858- Thain, Wm. T. A 1858- Holmes, Garner E 1858- Smith, Walter 1859- Maclavertv, Archibald I. . 1858- Bird, Alfred W 1858- Clarke, Henry W 1858- Dalmahoy, Simon L. . , . 1S58- Nicolson, Malcolm IL . . 1858- Yorke, Henry E 1859- Salkeld, Charles E 1858- Macdonald, Roderick M. . 1858- Cottam, Louis ¥ 1858- Carter, Stanley 1859- Wintle, Alfred T 1858- Binny, Sumner M. . . . 1858- Webb, Edward H 1860- Western, James H 1858- Lavie, Augustus J 1858- Williams, Edwin W. G. . 1859- Hamilton, Andrew 1858- Marshall, Robert G. S. . . 1858- Hutchinson, Robert C. . . 1859- Carr, Wm. R 1859- Budd, David C 1858- Freeman, Francis P. W. . 1858- Anderson, Alexander D. . 1858- King-Harman, Montague J. 1858- Cave, Walter. . . . .^ . . . 1860- Money, Wigram M 1858- Becke, John 1858- Bishop, Herbert A 1858- Vyvyan, Beville G. . . . . 1859- Andrew, David C 1859- Gardner, Alan C 1859- Blane, Wm. A 1859- Molloy, Edward 1860- -60 -59 -59 -59 -59 -59 -60 -60 -60 -60 -59 -60 -60 -59 -59 -60 -60 -60 -61 -60 -60 -60 -60 -59 -60 -60 -60 60 -61 -59 -60 -60 -GO 60 -61 ADDISCOMBE CADETS 703 Faber, Frederick G Cotton, Francis F. Fraser, James ... Dundas, James. . . Gambier, George R Seton, Henry C. . Hewson, Robert B. Lees, Arthur R.. . Caldccott, Francis J Alexander, James E Cunningham, Allan J. C Lautour, Edward J. de Rivaz, Vincent. . . Price, Thomas ... Higginson, Henry S Howard, Charles W Cruickshank, George M Landon, Aislabie . Ross, Justin C. . . Conolly, Arthur . . Mackenzie, James S Playfair, Wm. M. . Temple, John A. . Cumming, Wm. G Marshall, George F. L Alves, Malcolm A. Wilson, Frederic A Beattie, Henry J. . Steel, Edward H. . Rowlandson, John A Trotter, John M. . Richards, Henry H Hoyes, Alexander . Cattermole", Ernest G Heathcote, Charles L Shepherd, Charles E. Cooper, George C. . Whyte, Henry. . . . Bulkley, Harry T. . Holdich, Thomas H. 1860-61 1859—60 1860-61 1859—60 1859—60 1859—60 1859—60 1859-60 1859—60 1859 — 60 1859—60 1859 — 60 1859—60 1860—61 1859—60 1860— 1859—60 1859—60 1859 — 60 1859—60 1859 — 60 1860— 1859 — 60 1859—60 1859—60 1859—60 1859 — 60 1860— 1859 — 60 1860— 1859-60 1861 — 1860—61 1859—60 1859 — 60 1859—60 1859—60 1859—60 1859—60 1859—60 Key, Charles. . , 1860- Pemberton, Edward A. . . 1859- Jackson, George H 1859- Williamson, Wm. J. . . . 1860- Campbell, John R . . . . 1859- Cook, John 1860- Coussmaker, Macclesfield F. 1 860- Lloyd, Albert 1860- MacCall, George 1860- Smith, Wm. H. C 1860- Bean, John G. M. De L 1860- Airey, Henry P I860 Stokes, Maurice F 1860- Tucker, Louis H. E. . . . 1860- Scott, Wm. W. H 1860- Smyth, Etwall W 1860- Gardner, Edward B. . . . 1860 Lawrence, Wm. A 1860- Skene, Charles McD. . . . I860- Glasse, Charles E 1860- Hughes, Charles F 1860- Seton, Wm. B 1860- Cokcr, Edmund R 1860- Hume, Walter F 1860 Grigg, Edward E 1860- Atkinson, John R. B. . . 1861- Royle, Joseph R. E. J. . 1860 Thomson, Peter 1860- Brownlow, Celadon C. . . 1861- Thomas, Charles F. ... 1 860- Anderson, Hugh S 1860- Abbott, Henry B 1860- Balderson, Archibald . . . 1860- Cummins, James T. . . . 1860- Trower, Sydney C 1860 Hancock, Arthur P. . . . 1861- Sandeman, John E 1860- Parker, Vincent C. E. . . 1860 Molyneux, Wm. M 1860 Harden, Allan 1860- -61 -60 •60 61 60 61 61 61 CI -61 61 61 -61 61 61 61 -61 61 61 -61 -61 -61 61 ■61 -61 61 -61 -61 61 704 A D D I S C O M B \i CAD E T S Glasfiird, Frederick W Gordon, Frank H. Ludlow, Edoar 1). J Fuller, Francis O. Ransford, Charles . McNair, Alfred L. Thornton, Edward Z Tharp, Theodore A Richardson, Robert C Stock, Francis T. Webb, Wm. H. . Nicholls, Thomas Cook, James . . . Ramsden, Wm C Tulloch, James M Kershaw, John E. Mayhew, Alfred H Jones, Walter . . . Nicolay, Frederick W Price, Ralph A. . . McNeale, James A Babington, Alexander C Jackson, Freeman H Hughes, Edmund . Morrison, Claude S 18(51- 1 SGO- ISOO- l.SGO- ISGO- 1S()0- 1N60- isno- IcSGl- 1800- 1860- 18G1- 1861- 1861- 1861- 1861- 1861- 1861- 1861- 1860- 1860- 1860- 1860- 1861- 1861- -61 -6i -61 61 -61 61 61 -61 -61 61 -61 -61 Sanderson. Algernon R Peel, Arthur O'Shaughncssy, Richai Geary, Hamilton. . . Oldham, Arthur . . . Bailey, Henry .... Oldfield, Anthony G. Shepherd, Frederick Story, Walter M. . . Gibson, Edward E. . Hunter, Charles E. . Walker, Herbert J. O Boileau, Frederick D Badcock, Alexander F Smith, Percy W. . . Hyne, Wm. H Gowan, Walter E. . Hinde, Francis H. . Campbell, Thomas H Butler, John Hudleston, Brodrick. Wood, Edmund G. P Hammond, Arthur G Tytler, Robert C. S. Neill, Andrew H. S. 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1 86 1 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1861 — 1860—61 1861 — 1 86 1 — 1 86 1 — 1861 — 1861 — THE END. INDEX. Abbott, C.B., Maj.-Genl. Augustus, 193, 296 ; services of, 337. Abbott, Knt, C.B., Col. Sir Frederick, Lieutenant-Governor, 34, 180, 296, 653 ; feat of valour of, 192 ; services in Afghanistan, 193 ; compared with Sir Ephraim Stannus, 197 ; bio- graphical notice of, 190. Abbott, Henry Alexius, 190. Abbott, C.B., Genl. James, account of a farcical duel at Seminary, 58 ; services of, 368. Abbott, Lady, 197, 199, 200, 254. Abbott, C.B., Maj.-Genl. S. A., 654. Abdul Rahman, 601. Abington, William, 234 ; plan of establishment at Addiscombe first drawn up by, 9. Abyssinia, King Theodore of, Napier's expedition against, 409. Academies, composition of, 16. Addington Park, 36; described, 129; poaching in, by cadets, 1 56. Addis, Bugler, 249. Addiscombe, determination of East India Company to start a Seminary of their own at, 3 ; part played by cadets from, in the conquest and consolida- tion of India, 7 ; campaigns and wars in which cadets have been engaged, 7 ; cadets commence their services with the capture of Java, 7 ; present Addiscombe — cofttnmcd. position and services of certain existent cadets, 8 ; plan of establish- ment first drawn up by Mr. William Abington, 9 ; originally confined to education of Engineer and Artillery cadets, 9 ; Dr. James Andrew first head-master and superintendent, 9 ; situation, and former names of, 9 ; "Evelyn's Memoirs " quoted, descrip- tive of, 10 ; sold to East India Company, 12 ; description of old mansion, 12 ; Maj. Broadfoot's paper on, in " Blackwood's Maga- zine," referred to, 14 ; first regulations for admission of cadets, 15 ; numbers of cadets in 1809 and 18 13, 16 ; division into academies, 16 ; age for admission of cadets, 17; necessaries to be provided by cadets, 18 ; clothing, books, instruments, etc., supplied by the Company, 20 ; de- scription of, on purchase, 20 ; cost of each cadet to the Company, 38 ; Dr. James Andrew appointed head of the Seminary, etc., 38 ; account of the first year's expenditure, 38 ; behaviour of the first cadets, 41 ; results of the first public examination at, 42 ; examination held October, 1 8 10, 43 ; prizes, 43 ; detention in England of Engineer cadets to be 45 7o6 INDEX Addiscombe— f(^«/'/V//^^^''. attached to Ordnance Survey, 43; names of first masters appointed, 44 ; boundary limits for recreation, etc., 48 ; disturbances on account of, 48 ; found to have fully answered intentions after seven years' trial, 50 ; public examination of October, 1 8 16, 51 ; instruction of Engineer cadets in surveying, 54 ; local rank of, while at Chatham, 54 ; dieting of pupils, etc., by Dr. Andrew, 55 ; diet of cadets, 56 ; Dr. Andrew resigns, 1822, 57 ; Maj. William H. C. Smyth appointed Resident Superintendent, 57 ; various appoint- ments to, 57 ; fagging, 58 ; farcical duel at, 58 ; modification of standing orders, 58 ; cadets called " Probos " and afterwards "Greens," 58; in- troduction of new military system, 59 ; increased sum to be paid an- nually by cadets, 59 ; establishment and salaries, 59 ; William Make- peace Thackeray and, 61, 62 ; sys- tem of spying at, 89, 96 ; selection of orderly officers, 97 ; accommodation in 1823 and 1825, 98; payments by cadets, 98 ; two cadets of equal merit decide seniority by lot, 99 ; allowance given for passing course quickly, 99 ; Court of Directors anxious to put down smoking, 99 ; Maj. Straith's proposed arrange- ments for instruction in sapping and mining, etc., 1833, 99; resignation of Col. Houston, 100 ; dining arrangements, loi ; "Peregrine Pul- teney" referred to, 100, 102; dis- turbance at, 102 ; evil effects of espionage, no; life at, illustrated Add i scombe — continued. by a poem " Addiscombe : A Tale of Our Times," no, n i ; books supplied to cadets in 1834, 121 ; time at, to count for pay on retire- ment, 122 ; address delivered by Sir James Rivett Carnac, Bart., M.P.,in 1837, 122 ; anecdote of an abstracted cold collation, 124 ; punishments awarded to unruly cadets, 125 ; the "Black Hole" described, 126; changes at, 1835-37, 127 ; wranglers only to be appointed to post of mathematical professor, 141 ; pranks played in chapel, 145, 209 n. ; " Hin- dustani fever," 150; accident at, in 1845, 150; proposed railway line through, 153 ; scales of order of merit, 154; prizes given, 155 poaching in Addington Park, 156 anecdote by Maj. Broadfoot, 156 Croydon fair, 1 58 ; precautions taken during Chartist riots, 159 ; "swab's" breakfast, 160 ; improvements in corporals' room, 160; frequenting of public-houses by cadets, 160 ; Pollock Medal first presented to a cadet in 1848, 163; roll of Pollock Medallists, 1848-61,184; description of a presentation at, 185 ; orderly officers, 1834-50, 188; Sir Frederick Abbott appointed Lieutenant-Gover- nor, 190 ; row with Croydon roughs, 191 ; Sir Frederick Abbott and, 198 ; letter of Rev. J. Cape to Sir F. Abbott, on his treatment of the professors, etc., 200; staff on Sir Frederick Abbott's appointment, 205 ; photographs of, etc., by Aaron Penley, 212 ; medical treatment of cadets, 218; mode of life at, 220; INDEX 707 Addiscombe — continued. private rules of cadets, 222 ; punish- ments at, 224 ; studies at, 225 ; a public examination described, 231 ; a " swab's " breakfast described, 247 ; uniform of cadets, 247 ; recrea- tion grounds and recreations, 249, 250 ; pranks of cadets, 256 ; noctur- nal egress of cadets, 258 ; dramatic art at, 259 ; official report on a surreptitious performance, 261 ; dor- mitory accommodation, 269 ; moral tone of Seminary, 276 ; drowning of three cadets at Chatham, 280 ; " Mother" Rose, 282 ; change in moral tone of cadets towards close of exis- tence of Seminary, 294 ; religious revivalist movement at, 295 ; public examination of December loth, 1858, 296; prizes awarded at, 299; speech of Lord Stanley at, 300 ; military drawings, etc., of cadets at, 305 ; scene after, 307 ; sold to British Land Company in 1861 ; 309, 310 ; original purchase and cost, 310 ; taken over by Government of India in 1858, 309; proposed to retain as a military college, 309 ; last public examination in 1861, 310; speech of Sir Charles Wood at last public examination, 310 ; number of cadets passed from, 315 ; affection of old cadets for, 315 ; orderly officers appointed after Sir F. Abbott's appointment, 319 ; names of cadets who have been decorated by Her Majesty, 652 ; see also Ser- vices of Distinguished Officers. " Addiscombe," a poem, loi. "Addiscombe : A Tale of Our Times," a poem by J. H. Burke, no, in. Addiscombe Place, names of various owners and residents, 9, 10, 12, 14, 61. " Addiscombe Scrap-Book," quoted, 86 ; descriptions, in verse, of a cadet's "kennel," and his trials, 270, 271. Addiscombe dinner held June 20th, 1893, 145. Addiscombe staff, see Biographical notices. Addison, Col., 296. Addison, John C, 186. Address of Sir James Rivett Carnac, Bart., M.P., in 1837, 122. Address of Lord Stanley at public examination of December loth, 1858, 300. Address of Sir Charles Wood at last public examination in i860, 310. Adour, river, 85. " Adventures in the Punjab," by Sir H. M. Lawrence, 355. Afghanistan, 4, 156, 163, 169, 301 ; destruction of bazaar and mosque at Cabul, 194 ; operations in, 169 et seq. ; rewards conferred upon Genl. Pollock for his operations in, 182 ; Shakespear's rescue of the British captives, 443, 447 ; transport services of Sir M. Kennedy in, 515 ; Lord Roberts' operations in, 599 et seq. Afridis, the, 181. Agar, E., 187. Agra, 5, 60, 61. Akbar Khan, 170, I73) '76, 34°, 35 1> 429. Albuera, 85. Alexander, K.C.B., Genl. Sir James,- 652. Algiers, picture of battle of, 137. Alighur, 5, 60. 7o8 INDEX All Musjid, 172, 173, 181. Allahabad, 60. Almarez, 85. Alumbaghj Sir Vincent Eyre's defence of, 451. Alwar, 60. Ameers of Scinde, 325. Amiens, Peace of, 12. Anderson, Alexander, mathematical master, 42, 44, 57, 59, 70; biogra- phical notice of, 45. Anderson, Alexander (Madras En- gineers), services of, 322. Anderson, C.S.I., Col. John Gum- ming, services of, 519. Anderson, C.B., Col. William, 653. Andrew, Dr. James, first head-master and superintendent of Addiscombe, 9, 16, 36, 38 ; applies to be relieved of duties of dieting pupils, etc., 55 ; resigns, 1822, 57 ; biographical notice of, 44. Angelo, junr., H., instructor in broad- sword exercise, 50, 60, 206. Anglo-French operations in China, i860, 408. Annan, W., in. Anne of Denmark, 10. Ansted, David Thomas, Lecturer on Geology, 134, 206. Anstruther, C.B., Col. Philip, services of, 384- Arabia, 107, 202. Arabs, Beni-boo-ali tribe of, 107. Aracan, 328. Arbuthnot, Mr., 296, Archbishop of Canterbury and poach- ing cadets, 1 56. Argaum, battle of, 5. Armstrong, Lt. G. C. H., 319, 320. Arrah, 449. Artillery and Engineer cadets at first drafted from the Infantry and Naval services, i. Artiller}^ cadets, allowance given to, for passing course quickly, 99 ; officers, deficiency in supply of, 156. Assaye, 5. " Astell," ship, 322. Astorga, 63. Athletic sports, 253. Atlay, C.B., Maj.-Genl. E., 655. Auckland, Lord, Governor-General, 173- Ava, 168, 193. Aveline, Capt. Charles O., Adjutant, 89. Ayoob Khan, 602. Backhouse, C.B., Col. J. B., 653. Badajoz, 85. Bagh-o-Bahar, the, a cadet's illustra- tions of, 204. Bailey, Cadet, death of, through roller accident, 1845, 150. Bainbrigge, Col, 296. Baines, " Red," author of a poem called "Addiscombe," loi. Baker, Col., 297. Baker, K.C.B., Genl. Sir William Erskine, 99 ; services of, 415. Balaclava, 82. Bala Hissar, the, 165, 169, 179. Balfour, K.C.B., Genl. 'Sir George, 653. Ballad composed by a cadet, 265. Ballantine, Genl. F., 202. Ballantine, Miss Jane C, 202. Ballard, C.B., Genl. John Archibald, services of, 560. Bameean, 180. Bandsmen, names of, 248, 249. Baraset, institution at,abolished, 1811,3. Barlow, Sir George, 6. INDEX 709 Baioda, 106. Barrow, C.B., Col. J. L., 654. Barry, Bishop of New South Wales, 206. Bassevi, Capt. James Palladio, 184; services of, 577. Bateman-Champain, see Champain, Col. J. U. Battine, George, drowned at Chatham, 280. Bazaar and mosque at Cabul, destruc- tion of, 194. " Beardie " (Fraser), a sort of king of the beggars, 293. Beauchamp, Clayton S., 186. Beavan, Lt., 188. Becher, Admiral, on J. C. Schetky, 136. Becher, K.C.B., Genl. Sir A. M., 654. Becher, C.B., Genl. John Reid, 194 ; services of, 474. Bee, E., 249. Beehive, inn, 223, 275. Beer, illicit introduction of, into Semi- nary, 242. Begbie's " History of the Madras Artillery," referred to, 324. Begramee, 176. Begum of Bhopal, 434. Behar, 87. Beloochees, 326. Bengal cavalry, flight of, at Purwan- darrah, 338. Beni-boo-ali tribe of Arabs, 107. Bennett, C, 248. Berar, Raja of, 5. Beville, C.B., Maj.-Genl. Henry, 655. Bheels, the, 202. Bhooj, 106. Bhowannee, 87. Bhurtpore, 5, 6, 60, 167. Bidassoa, river, 85. Billiards and pool, 255. Biographical notices of: John Shake- speare, 40 ; Dr. Wilkins, 41 ; Dr. James Andrew, 44 ; Dr. Alex. Anderson, 45 ; Samuel Parlour, 46 ; Mons. P. Oger, 46 ; Dr. McCulloch, 50; Maj. W. H. C. Smyth, 60 ; Col. Sir Howard Douglas, Bart., etc., 62 ; Rev. Thomas Bisset, 64 ; Richard Haughton, 64 ; T. H. P'ielding, 64 ; Capt. Hector Straith, 67 ; Professor J. B. Ruddock, 68 ; Professor E. B. Metcalfe, 68 ; Mons. Marin De la Voye, 70; Charles Bowles, 71 ; William Sturgeon, 77 ; Rev. Jonathan Cape, 80 ; Sir Alex- ander Dickson, 85 ; Sir Charles Wilkins, 87 ; Col. R. Houston, 87 ; Sir Ephraim G. Stannus, 104 ; Maj. Basil Jackson, 128 ; Lt. Cook, R.N., 131 ; John Christian Schetky, 134 ; Col. Sir Charles Pasley, R.E., 140 ; Rev. Alfred Wrigley, 142 ; Rev, W. H. Johnstone, 145 ; Mons. Ldon Contanseau, 151 ; Sir George Pol- lock, 166 ; Sir Frederick Abbott, 190; Maj. Thomas Donnelly, 201; Arthur Dusautoy, 206 ; Maj. W. Jacob, 208; Aaron Penley, 210; Capt. W. A. Tate, 212; "Mother" Rose, 282 ; see also Services of Distinguished Officers. Bisset, Rev. Thomas, 64. "Black Hole," the, described, 126. Black Horse, inn, 275. Black Mountain, 371. Blacker's " Mahratta War," referred to, 323, 324. " Blackwood's Magazine," referred to, 14, 156; Genl. J. A. Ballard's con- tributions to, 567, yio INDEX Blake, C.B., Col. E. S., 654. Blenkins, C.B., Col. W. B. G., 654. Blood, Lt. Clements, 97. Blundell, C.B., Col. Frederick, 652. Blunt, C.B., Maj.-Genl. C. H., 655. Bogle, Maj.-Genl. And. H., 656. Boileau, Col. Archibald John M., ser- vices of, 483. Bokhara, imprisonment and murder of Conolly and Stoddart at, 378, 379. Bolan Pass, 169. Bombay, 212, 213. Bombay Mint, 566. Bond, R. F. G., 188. Bonnycastle, Rev. C, 46, Bood Khak, 177. Books supplied to cadets in 1834, 121. Bordwine, Cadet Frederick, 99. Bordwine, Joseph, Professor for Fortifi- cation, 38, 39, 57, 59, 127, 191 ; anecdote of, 68. Boundary limits for recreation, etc., 48 ; disturbances on account of, 48. Bourchier, K.C.B., Maj.-Genl. Sir George, services of, 496. Bouteneff, Col., 378. Bowie, Col., 60. Bowles (afterwards Shakespeare), Charles, Assistant Professor for Hindustani, 206, 217 ; biographical notice of, 71. Boxing, 254. Brackenbury, Lt. W. C, 189. Bribery of sergeants, no. Brice, C.B., Col. Edward, 653. Brind, C.B., Col. Frederick, 97, 652. Brind, K.C.B., Genl. Sir James, ser- vices of, 421. British Land Companypurchase Addis- combe College, 310. Broadbent, John E., 186. Broadfoot, Capt. George, dissents to proposed capitulation of Jellalabad, 172. Broadfoot, Maj., his paper on Addis- combe, in " Blackwood's Magazine," referred to, 14 ; poaching anecdote by, 156. Broke, Sir Philip B. V., 139. Bromley, Cadet, 66. Brooks, Sergt., 245. Brown, C.B., Col. William Tod, 656. Browne, Cadet, 254. Browne, C.S.L, Col. A., 653. Browne, K.C.S.L, Maj.-Genl. Sir James, services of, 637. Brownlow, Cadet, 289. "Browns," 222. Bruce, Sergt.-Maj. David, 206, 235. Brydon, Dr., sole survivor of the Afghan retreat, 171. Burdett, Lt. C. W., 97. Buenos Ayres, 85. Bukkur, island, 329. Bulman, Sergt., 247. Bundelkhund, 6. Bunny, C.B., Lt.-Genl. Arthur, services of, 529- Burgos, 63, 85. Burgoyne, Field-Marshal Sir John Fox, 183. Burke, J. H., a poem, " Addiscombe : A Tale of Our Times," by, no, in. Burma, 168 ; Genl. Fytche's services in, 479 ; Sir H. Yule's services in, 488; Genl. Sir H. N. D. Prender- gast's operations in, 621. Burnes, Sir Alexander, 169. Busaco, 85. Butter, Arthur D., 243, 288. Butterworth, C.B., Col. \V. J., 652. INDEX 711 Byam, Cadet, 190. Bygrave, Capt., 177. Cabul, 163, 165, 169, 429; destruction of the bazaar and mosque at, 194 ; prices at sales of officers' effects at, 332. Cadets, requirements of the East India Company for their army, i ; at first appointed to the Infantry, i ; Engineer and Artillery drafted from the Infantry, i ; lads placed at Royal Military Academy at Wool- wich in 1798, 2 ; regulations for the instruction, etc., of, at Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, 2 ; selection of corps by, 2 ; numbers educated at Woolwich, Marlow, and under private tuition, 1803- 1809, 3 ; deter- mination of Company to start a Seminary of their own, 3 ; campaigns and wars in which they have been engaged since 1811,7; commence their services with the capture of Java, 7 ; present position and ser- vices of certain existent, 8 ; first regulations for admission of, to Seminary, 15 ; numbers of, in 1809 and 1813, 16; age for admission to Seminary, 17 ; necessaries to be provided by, 18 ; annual payment for, and bond to be executed, 18 ; clothing, books, instruments, etc., supplied by the Company, 20 ; cost of each, to the Company, 38 ; behaviour of the first, 41 ; results of the first public examination of, 42 ; examina- tion held October, 1810, 43; prizes, 43 ; detention in England of Engi- neer, to be attached to Ordnance Survey, 43 ; boundary limits for Cadets — continued. recreation, etc., of, 48 ; disturbances among, on account of, 48 ; results of public examination of October, 1 8 16, 51; instruction of Engineer, in surveying, 54; local rank of, while at Chatham, 54 ; dieting of, etc., by Dr. Andrew, 55; diet of, 56; proposed modification of standing orders at Seminary, 58; farcical duel between, 58 ; called " Probos " and afterwards " Greens," 58 ; in- creased sum to be paid annually by, 59 ; practical jokes of, 66-74 ; anec- dotes of S , D , R , and G , 88 ; anecdotes of A , 95 ; system of spying at Seminary, 89, 96 ; payments by, 98 ; two of equal merit decide seniority by lot, 99 ; allowance given to Artil- lery and Engineer, for passing course quickly, 99 ; their opinion of Col. Houston, 100; "Red"Baines, author of a poem called " Addiscombe," loi ; evil effects of system of espio- nage, 110; books supplied to, in 1834, 121; time at Seminary to count for pay on retirement, 122; punishments awarded to unruly, 125; and the "Black Hole," 126; pranks played in chapel by, 145, 209 « ; "Hindustani fever," 150; death of Bailey through roller acci- dent, 1845, 150; scales of order of merit, 154 ; prizes given, 155 ; diet, 155 ; poaching in Addington Park, 156; and Croydon fair, 158; pre- cautions taken during Chartist riots, 159; frequenting of public-houses by, 160; anecdotes of, 161, 162; first presentation of Pollock Medal to, in 712 INDEX Cadets — coniin tied. 1848, 163 ; roll of Pollock Medallists, Addiscombe, 1848-61, 184; Wool- wich, 1861-93, 186 ; row with Croy- don roughs, 191 ; Sir Frederick Abbott and, 198, 199; and Col. Donnelly, anecdotes of, 203 ; smo- king anecdotes of, 204, 205 ; treat- ment of, by Capt. W. A. Tate, 214; medical treatment of, 218; mode of life at Seminary, 220 etseq. ; private rules of, 222 ; punishments of, 224; studies of, 225 et seq. ; anecdote of L , 234 ; a " swab's " breakfast described, 247 ; uniform of, 247 ; recreations of, 250 ; pranks of, 256 ; nocturnal egress from Seminary, 258 ; and the drama, 259, 261 ; obtain admission to Crystal Palace on occasion of Queen's visit, 269 ; domiitory accommodation, 269 ; moral tone of, 276 ; row at the Cry- stal Palace, 277 ; drowning of three, at Chatham, 280 ; and " Mother " Rose, 282 ; change in moral tone of, towards close of existence of Semi- nar>% 294 ; religious revivalist move- ment among, 295 ; public examina- tion of December loth, 1858, 296 ; prizes awarded at, 299 ; speech of Lord Stanley at public examination of December loth, 1858, 300; mili- tary drawings, etc., of, at, 305 ; advice of Col. W. H. Sykes to, 307 ; speech of Sir Charles Wood at last public examination of, 310; num- ber passed out, 315 ; affection of old cadets for Addiscombe, 315 ; names of, who have been decorated by Her Majesty, 652 ; see also Services of Distinguished Officers. Caillard, V. H. P., 187. "Calcutta Review" started by Sir J. W. Kaye, 460. Callow, John, 212. Camels, use of, for artillery purposes in Afghanistan, 337. Cameron, Maj.-Genl., 296. Cameron, Maurice A., 187. Campaigns and wars since 181 1, list of, 7. Campbell, C.B., Lt.-Genl. George, 653- Campbell, John C, 186. Campbell, M.P., R., 297. Campbell, William Maxwell, 185. Campo Magor, 85. Canals, 333-336, 348, 416; Col. Scott-Moncrieff's work in connec- tion with, 634. Candahar, 169. Cannanore, 104. Canning, Lord, words on conferring the V.C. on Maj. McLeod Innes, 314- Canterbury, Archbishop of, and poach- ing cadets, 156. Cape, Lt. Jonathan, 83. Cape, Rev. Jonathan, Senior Mathe- matical Professor, 46, 57, 59,68, 205; anecdotes of, 81 ; on Sir Frederick and Lady Abbott, 200 ; biographical notice of, 80. Cape of Good Hope, 202. Cardew, Philip, 186. Carleton, C.B., Genl. H. A., 654. Camac, Bart., M.P., Sir James Rivett, address delivered at Seminary in 1837, 122. Carpenter, Dr., Medical Officer, 218, 220. Carpenter, H., 249. INDEX 713 Carr, C.B., Col. George, 654. Cartwright, John, 42. Cashmere, 355. Cashmere Gate at Delhi, blowing in of, 538. Cautley, K.C.B., Col. Sir Proby Thomas, 296 ; services of, 333. Cavanagh, K.C.S.I., Genl. Sir Orfeur, services of, 473. Cavery, river, 344. Cawnpore, 169; Kaj'e's " Sepoy War" referred to, 626 ; the only survivors of, 627. " Cawnpore, The Story of : " Mowbray Thomson's, referred to, 626. Cayley, the mathematician, mention of, 144. " Censors," 221. Chambers, Hariy M., 186. Chamier, C.B., Maj.-Genl. Stephen H. E., 656. Champain (now Bateman-Champain), K.C.M.G., Col. John Underwood, 184 ; services of, 603. Chapel, pranks played in, 145, 209 ;/. Chaplin, Capt. Charles, Adjutant, 57, 59, 127 ; anecdotes of, 66, 67. Char Deh, 179. Charekur, 180. Chartist riots, precautions taken during, 159- Chatham, drowning of three cadets at, 280. Cheape, Sir John, 192. Chermside, Herbert C, 186. " Chesapeake" and " Shannon," paint- ings of action between, by J. C. Schetky, 139. Chesney, K.C.B., Genl. Sir George Tompkins, services of, 556. China, 202 ; Anglo-French operations against, in i860, 408. Chisholm, Lt. William, services of, 323. Christie, Ben, 224. Christie, Captain, 177. Church, CLE., Maj.-Genl. Thomas Ross, 656. Chutter Singh, 2,70. Clare, D., 249. Clark, Byron, the barber, 293. Clark, Thomas R., Clerk of Cadets, 234. Clarke, Mrs. Anne Millicent, 12. Clarke, Charles, 10. Clarke, Charles John, 10. Clarke, George Sydenham, 186. Clerk, K.C.B., Sir George, 171, 296. Close, C. F., 1 87. Clyde, Lord, 137. Cochrane, Mr., Clerk of the College Committee, 298. Codd, A. P., 187. Coghlan, K.C.B., Genl. Sir William, 652. Colaba, 213. Cold collation, anecdote of an ab- stracted, 124. Coldstream, the bathing place, 20, 30, 34, 141- Coldstream, W. :\L, 18S. Coleroon, river, 344. Coles, Rev. George, 36. Collis, Francis W., 298. Collyer, Miss (Nancy of the Hospital), 242. Colquhoun, James A. S., 298, 299. Colvin, J. AL E., 188. Colvin, C.B., Col. John, 42, 652. Connaught, Duke of, 196. Connellan, Lt., 324. 714 INDEX Conolly, Capt. Arthur (i): his journey to India via Persia, etc., 375 ; paper on the "Overland Invasion of India," 375 ; visit to Khiva and Khokund, 377 murder of, at Bokhara, 379 ; services of, 375. Conolly, Capt. Arthur (2), 599. Contanseau, Mons. Ldon, French Master, 206, 218 ; biographical notice of, 151. Cook, R.N., F.R.S., Lt., 32, 127, 205 ; biographical notice of, 131. Cook, Sergt. Thomas, 237 ; described, 242. Cookesley, J. F., 299. Coonnanaad, 104. Copenhagen, 140. Cornelis, 60. Cornwallis, Lord, Governor-General, 1805, 6. Corporals, duties of, 221. Corporation of London present Genl. Pollock with Freedom of the City, 182. Corunna, 63, 140. Cory, Admiral, 296. Corygaum, defence of, 324 ; officers engaged in, 324. Cotiate Rajah, the, 104. Cotton, K.C.S.I., Genl. Sir Arthur Thomas, 168, 335 ; his various re- ports on irrigation, etc., 348 ; services of, 343- Cotton, C.S.I., Maj.-Genl. Frederic C, 347, 653. Cotton, Capt. Hugh C, 345. " Country " cadets, i. Couchman, Capt., 254. Couchman, Lt. Ed. H., 319. Covent Garden Theatre, visits of cadets to, 259. Coventr)', John, 42 ; services of, 321. Cowan, J. H;, 187. Cox, R. A., Lt.-Col., 193. Cox, C.B., Maj.-Genl. C. Vyvyan, 655. Craigie, defence of Khelat-i-Ghilzai by, 175- Craster, George A., 184. Cricket, 253. Crommelin, C.B., Lt.-Genl. William Arden, sen'ices of, 508. Crossby, Sergt., 245. Crowther, Job, 249. Croydon, row between roughs and cadets, 191. Croydon Fair, 157, 256 ; Charter granted by Richard I., 158 ; conduct of cadets at, 158. Cruickshank, J., 300. Crj'stal Palace, row at in 1858, 277 ; Sir Frederick Abbott at, anecdote, 199 ; State visit of the Queen to, 268; cadets obtain "free" admission, 269. Cubbon, Sir Mark, 125. Cuidad Rodrigo, 85. Cundall and Fleming, Messrs., publish " Veterans of the Sea," 139. Cunningham, Lt., 194. Cunningham, K.C.S.I., Maj.-Genl. Sir Alexander C, services of, 455. Cunningham, Lt.-Col. Allan J. C, 458. Cunningham, Col. Francis, services of, 459- Cunningham, Capt. Joseph D., services of, 453- Cunninghame, A. J. C, 185. Cunninghame, Henry H. L., 186. Currie, Sir Frederick, Vice-President of the Council, 296. Cutch, 106. INDEX 715 Dallas, J., 187. Daniell, J., 249. Daniell, John Frederick, Professor of Chemistry, 133. Daniels, Corpl. G., 247. Davidson, S., 187. Davies, Thomas, services of, 321. Dawes, C.S.I., Col. M., 654. Dawson, Robert, Royal Military Sur- veyor, 54. Day, Francis J., 186. De Budd, Henry, 52. De Burgh, Mrs. Frances, 193. De Burgh, Lt.-Col. H., 193. Deccan, 106. Decorations, names of cadets who have received, from Her Majesty, 652. Deeg, 6, 60, 167. Deesa, 106. De Grasse, Comte, 139. Delafosse, Cadet, 288. Delafosse, C.B., Maj.-Genl. Henry George, services of, 625. De la Motte, Genl., 202. Delhi, 5, 60 ; siege and assault of, 465 et seq. ; blowing in of the Cash- mere Gate, 538 ; blowing up of the magazine at, 548. De la Voye, Mons. Marin, ^o. Delmd {afterwards Redcliffe), Emilias Henry, 12, 20. Denmark, Anne of, 10. Derby Day, 256. De Villamil, Richard, 186. De Wolski, Felicien R., 186. Dicken, C.B., D.S.O., Col. W. P., 656. Dickens, Cadet, 32. Dickens, C.S.I., Lt.-Genl. Craven H., 655. Dickinson, Capt., 107. Dickson, G.C.B., Sir Alexander, Public Examiner, on smoking, etc. at the Seminary, 99 ; biographical notice of, 85. Diet, 155, 224. Dieting of pupils, etc., by Dr. Andrew, 55- Dighton, David B., 53. Dining arrangements, lor. Dinner, Addiscombe, held June 20th, 1893, 145- Dinapore, 169. Discipline, 16, 48 ; punishments awarded to unruly cadets, 125, 224. Distinguished Officers, see Services of, etc. Disturbance, theatrical, 261. Ditmas, Major F., 209. Dodd, " Mother," hospital nurse, 148. Dodd, Sergt.-Major, 60, 148, 245. Donnelly, R.E., Lt., 82. Donnelly, C.B., Maj.-Genl. Sir J. F. D., 202, 203. Donnelly, John, 201. Donnelly, Maj. Thomas, appointed staff-officer of Addiscombe, 200 ; biographical notice of, 201. Dormitory accommodation, 269. Dost Mahomed, 169. Douglas, Sir Charles, 62. Douglas, Bart., etc., Col. Sir Howard, Public Examiner, 39, 46, 59 ; bio- graphical notice of, 62. Douglas, Sir Robert P., 64. Douglas, Sir William H., 62. Douro, river, 63. Doveton, Henry, 298. Dramatic Art at the Seminary, 259. Draper family, probable motto of, 12. Draper, William, 10, 12. Duelling, 58. 7i6 INDEX Dum-Dum, 167. Dundas, Henry, 14. Dundas, James, 63. Dundas, V.C., Capt. James, services of, 647. Dunsterville, C.S.I., Col. J. B., 655. Durand, K.C.S.I., Maj.-Gen. Sir Henrj' Marion, 103, 169 ; services of, 431. Durand, C.B., Col., 296. Dusautoy, Arthur, 148, 205 ; biogra- phical notice of, 206. Dwarka, 106. Dyas, Col. Joseph Henr)', services of, 527. Dykes, J. Ballantine, 202. Dyett, Capt. W. N., 200, 319. East, Col., 106. East India Company : cadets required for their army, i ; determine to start a Seminary of their own, 3 ; resolu- tion of Court of Directors authoriz- ing plan of establishment at Addis- combe, 9. Eastwick, Mr., 296. Eckford, John, 185. Eden, Morton, drowned at Chatham, 280. Edgcome, Capt. W. H., 209. Edgell, E. A., 187. Edmonds, J. E., 187. Educational : books supplied to cadets in 1834, 121; scales of order of merit, 154; prizes given, 155; studies of cadets, 225. Edwards, Lt.-Genl. Sir James B., 254. Egypt, Colonel Scott- Moncrieff's work in connection with the Delta irrigation, 635. Ellenborough, Lord, Governor- General, 173 ; and the gates of Somnanth, 179, 181 ; raised to an earldom, 182. Elliot, A. W., 185. Elliot, C.B., Col. C, 656. Elliot, A. W., 299. Ellis, Rt. Hon. H., Ambassador at the Court of Persia, 381. Elphinstone, Genl, 169, 170. Elrington, Lt.-Col., 106. Elwyn, Col., 296. Emaumghur, 325, 326. Emly, Lt. G., 97. Empress Eugenie, 268. "Endymion": picture of Admiral Sir C. Paget in command of, rescuing a French man-of-war from peril, by J. C. Schetky, 139. Engineer and Artillerj' Cadets at first drafted from the Infantry and Naval Sen-ices, i. Engineer Cadets : detained in England to be attached to Ordnance Survey, 43 ; instruction of, in surveying, 54 ; local rank of, while at Chatham, 54 ; allowance given to, for passing course quickly, 99. Engineers, chiefs of, in all provinces are, or have been, Addiscombe men, 8. England, Genl., 173. Ennis, William M., 43. "Esmond," 61. Espionage at Seminar}', 89, 96 ; evil effects of, no. Essler, river, 63. Establishment and salaries, 59. Establishment : orderly officers, 97, 188, 319. " Europe" cadets, I. INDEX 717 Evelyn, John: his "Memoirs" quoted, 10. Everest, Sir George, 423. Eyre, K.C.S.I., Major-General Sir Vincent, 103, 446 ; Services of, 444. Examination : resuhs of first pubhc, 42 ; of October, 18 16, 51 ; of December nth, 1837, address dehvered by Sir James Rivett Carnac, Bart., M. P., 1 22 ; of December loth, 1858, 296; speech by Lord Stanley, 300 ; speech of Sir Charles Wood at last, 310. Examinations, Public, 227 ; described, 231. Expenditure, account of the first year's 38. " Experimental Researches in Electro- Magnetism, Galvanism, etc.," a pamphlet by Mr. William Sturgeon, 78. F d, Cadet, breach of discipline. 49- Faber, S. G., 188. Fagging, 58, 223. Falconer, Dr. Hugh, 336. Far Cricketers, inn, 90, 160, 275. Farcical duel between Cadets McGilli- vray and Ritherdon, 58. Farquharson, Lt. E. A., 97. Fenwick, Rev. J., 148. Ferozepore, 329 ; crossing of the Sutlij at, by the return armies, 181. Ferrers, Lt. E. J., 189. Fielding, Copley, 64. Fielding, Newton, 66, 134. Fielding, T. H., Assistant Civil Draw- ing Master, 44, 127 205, 209 : bio- graphical notice of, 64. Fillingham, W. J , 248. Fisher, C.B., Col. G. A., 654. Fitzgerald, Cadet, anecdotes of, 90, 91. Fitzgerald, William R., 52. Fitzgibbon, " Paddy," vendor of oranges, etc., 290. Flanders, 85. Flushing, 63, 140. Folster, H. J., 187. Football, 250. Forbes, Walter E., 298, 299. Fordyce, K.C.B., Lt.-Genl. Sir John, 653. Forster, C.B., Col. H., 653. Forster, C.B., Col. Robert, 653. Fort Bowyer, 85. Fortification : method of instruction introduced by Lt. Cook, R.N., 32. Foye, Sergt. John, 237 ; described, 244. France, 4, 5, 85. Francis, Col. Henry, 655. Francis, Capt. P. M., 216. Frankland, Dr., 200. Eraser, Genl., 167. Eraser, C.B., Genl. Alexander, 655. Eraser, " Beardie," a sort of king of the beggars, 293. Eraser, C.B., Col. Hugh, 653. Eraser, Thomas, 186. " Frederick Green, or the Adventures of an Addiscombe Cadet during his Green Term " referred to, 273. French in India, 4, 5. Fuller, CLE., Genl. John A., 656. Furnaby, Rev. Sir C, 296. Futtehabad, 171. Fytche, C.S.L, Major-General Albert, services of, 478. Corpl. C. : anecdote of an abstracted cold collation, 124. 7i8 INDEX G y, Cadet, breach of discipline, 48. Gaeta, 140. Gahangan, Lt. T. E., 209. Galloway, C.B., Col. James, 656. Galway, K.C.B., Genl. Sir Michael, 654. Gaitskill, C.B., Col. F., 653. Gamage, John, 42. Garbett, Col. Hubert, 652. Garstin, Ed., 43. Gascoigne, Capt., 190. Geddes, C.B., Lt.-Col. W., 652. George III., 166. George IV., 136. Georges, Henr>' R. G., 1S6. Ghilzais, the, 170. Gholab Singh, 355. Ghorebund valley, 177. Ghuznee, 169, 330; surrender of, 174 ; re-capture of, 178. Gibb, Lt. J. S., 319. Gibbon, Cadet, 66. Giurgevo, 562. Glennie, Mr., Professor for Fortifica- tion, 38, 39. Godavery, river, 346. Goldie, Barre John, 298. Godfrey-Faussett, E. G., 188. Godsal, William C, 186. Gohud, 60. Goldsmid, C.B., Major-General Sir F. J., 189. Gonds, the, 66. Goodfellow, V.C., Lt.-Genl. Charles Augustus, 589. Goodfellow, Genl. Samuel, 589. Goodfellow, Genl. William Barclay, 590. Goodfellow, C.B., Genl. William West, services of, 587. Goodwyn, Henry, 184. Goomsoor Country, 66. Goorkha army, 541, 544. Gordon, C.B., Lt.-Genl. B. L., 656. Gordon, Lewis Conway, 185, 227. Gough, Sir Hugh, 194. Gowan, Edward, 42. Grant, Alexander, services of, 322. Grant, A. D., 300. Grant, C.B., Col. Charles, 652. Grant, Sir Francis, paints a portrait Oi General Pollock, 182. Grant, Lt. J., 97. Grant, Genl. Sir Hope, 408. Grantham, Lord, 9. Greathed,C.B., Major-General William Wilberforce Harris, services of, 531. Green, Col., 297. "Greens," cadets called, 58, 221. Grey, John, landlord of the " Black Horse," 275. Grigo, 85. Grimes, Corpl. P., 247. Groves, A. N., 345. Grubb, A. H. W., 188. Guicowar of Baroda, 106, 202. " Guildford," ship, 323. Guns and mortars supplied in 1825, 32. Gunthorpe, Lt., 188. Hadden, Charles J., 187. Haggard, Lt. T. T., 319. Haileybury College, 6. Hamilton, C.B., Col. C, 652. Hammond, V.C., Col. Arthur George, services of, 648. Hancock, Col., 296. Hankin, C.B., Lt.-Genl. George, 655. Hardinge, Sir Henry, 194, 195. Hardwicke, Lord, 137. Harington, Col., 297. INDEX 719 Harman, Henry J., 186. Harrington, V.C., Capt. Hastings Ed- ward, services of, 591. Harris, Sir Snow, his controversy with Mr. W. Sturgeon, 79. Harris, Knt., Lt.-Col, Sir WiUiam C, 653- Harrison, George, 30. Hasan AH, Moonshee, Assistant Pro- fessor for Hindustani, 39, 41, 42. Hastings, Marquis of (Lord Moira), 40, 61, 87, 106. Hatrass, 61. Haughton, Richard, Assistant Professor for Hindustani, 57, 59, 61, 206, 216 ; anecdote of, 67. Havelock, Genl., 301. Hawkins, Robert M. L., 298, 299. Hay, Ensign Robert, 188. Hazara, 370, 476. Heathorn, Lt. T., 319. Heaviside, W. J., 299. Hemming, E. H., 187. Henry VIII., 10. Henry, son of James I., 10. Herat, 103, 380, 382, 427 ; Persian siege of, 427. Heron, Sir Nicholas, 10. Heron, Wilham, 10. Herschell, John, 185. Hervey, C.B., Col. C. R. W., 655. Hervey, Lt. G. A. F., 188. Hicks, C.B., Genl. T. W., 654. Hill, Lord, 107. Hill, C, 187. Hill, Lt. W., 188. Hills, Col. George Scott, 613. Hills (now Hills-Johnes), V.C, Genl. Sir James, services of, 608. Hills, Maj.-Genl. John, 613. Hills-Johnes, see Hills, General Sir J. "Hindustani fever," 150. Hitchins, C.B., Col. W., 656. Hodson (of Hodson's Horse), kills thirteen swordsmen at Delhi, 525. Hogarth, David, 42. Hogg, Col., 296. Hogg, Bt., Sir James Weir, 296. Hogge, C.B., Maj.-Genl. C, 654. Holkar, 5, 6, 167. Holland, E. B., 184. Hollyer, John, 234. Home, V.C, Lt. Duncan C, services of, 537- Home, CLE., Col. Robert, 656. Honeygold, Sergt., 245 ; described, 246. Hope, Sir James, 139. Hopper, Robert, 42. Houston, CB., Lt.-Col. R., ist Lieu- tenant-Governor, 61 ; anecdotes of, 88 e/ seq J resignation of, 100 ; bio- graphical notice of, etc., 87. Howlett, Cadet, 32. Howlett, C.B., Genl. Arthur, 655. Hudd, J., 248. Huft Kotal, the, 177. Hungerford, C.B., Lt.-Col. P. J. W., 654. Hustler, Mr., 46. Hutchinson, C.B., Maj.-Genl. George, services of, 549. Hutt, C.B., Col. George, 653. Hutton, Dr., Professor of Mathematics at Woolwich, 43. Hyde, Henry, 209. Hyde, Capt. J. T., 209. Hyderabad, 326. Hykulzye, 173. Hyslop, Lt. A., 97. Ignatieff, Genl., 379. 720 INDEX "In the Company's Service" quoted, 71 ; referred to, 93 ; description of presentation of a Pollock Medal, 185 ; description of a Public Ex- amination, 231 ; extracts relative to " Mother" Rose, 282 ; on the public examination of loth December, 1858, 307. Inchbald, Rev. Robert, 148, 205. Indian Empire, part played by Addis- combe cadets in the conquest and consolidation of the, 7. I ndore Residency attacked by Holkar's troops, 482. Indus, river, 329. Ingour River, battle of, 563. Inman, Dr., 46. Innes, V.C, Lt.-Genl. James John McLeod, 184, 314 ; services of, 558. Inns, see "Beehive," "Black Horse," " Far Cricketers," " King's Arms," and " Leslie Arms." Ionian Isles, 63. Irrigation, see Canals. Irrigation, Baird Smith's work on Italian, 463. Irvine, C.B.. Col. Archibald, 652. Islamgie, 409. Istalift, 165, 180. Jackson, Maj. Basil, Professor of Military Surveying, 127, 206, 216 ; biographical notice of, 128. Jacob, Sub-officer F., 304. Jacob, Lt. G. le Grand, 97. Jacob, C.B., Brig.-Genl. John, 103, 209 ; services of, 438. Jacob, Philip, Archdeacon of Win- chester, 208. Jacob, Samuel S., 298. Jacob, Sydney L., 186. Jacob, Maj. \V., 205 ; biographical notice of, ?o8. Jacob's Horse, 103. James I., 10. Jarvis, John H., 53. Java, 60 ; capture of, 7. Jeffreys, W., 184. Jellalabad, 163, 165, 169 ; Capt. G. Broadfoot's dissent to proposed capitulation of, 172 ; defeat of Akbar Khanat, 173; relief of, 173. Jenkins, George J., services of, 322. Jenkinson, Charles, ist Earl of Liver- pool, 9, 12, 14. Jeswant Row Holkar, 5, 6. Jezailehees, 178. Johnson, Capt., 170. Johnson, K.C.B., Lt.-Genl. Sir Charles C, 655. Johnson, G.C.B., Genl. Sir Edwin B., 655. Johnson, J. F. W., 188. Johnstone, J. H. L. E., 187. Johnstone, Rev. W. H., chaplain, etc., 205 ; anecdotes of, 145 ; biographical notice of, 145. Jones, Lt., 324. Jones, K.CB., Maj. -Genl. Sir Harrj', 296. Jones, Reeve, Assistant Classical Master, 50, 59. Jopp, Cadet, 288. Jopp, Keith A., 185. Jourdain, Mons., 218. Jugdulluck, 165. Julian, J., 249. Jumrood, 172. Jung Bahadoor, 303, 473. Kabul, see Cabul. INDEX 721 Kairee, 106. Kalunga, 61. Kars, fortifications and defence of, 395 et seq. ; Sir W. Olphert's services at, 499- Kattywar, 104, 106. Kaye, C.B., Col. Edward, 654. Kaye, K.C.S.I., Sir John \V., supposed author of "Peregrine Pulteney," 100; services of, 460 ; literary works of, 460. Keane, Sir John, 202. Keir, Sir William Grant, 106. Keniball, K.C.B., Genl. Sir Arnold Burrowes, services of, 470. Kennedy, K.C.S.I., Genl. Sir Michael Kavanagh, services of, 513. " Kennels," dormitories so-called, 28 ; described, 269, Khelat, storming of, 365. Khelat-i-Ghilzai, 175. Khyber Pass, 165. Khiva, Abbott's visit to, 369 ; ConoUy's visit to, 377 ; Shakespear's visit to, 441- Kincaid, W. F. S. H., 187. Kinglake's " Invasion of the Crimea," referred to, 555, 561. King's Arms, inn, 218, 240, 255. Kinkead, Lt. R., 188. Kistna Dam, 394. Knight ("Mother Crust"), vendor of bread and butter, 293. Knocker, Herbert P., 186. Koonwar Singh, 448, 449. Koord Cabul, pass, 170. Kunhardt, Henry G., 186. Kurrya Bheel, 202. Kyd, Col., 60. "Lady Holland," ship, 431. Laffan, H. D., 187. Laing, J., 249. Lake, Lord, 5, 6, 60, 87, 167. Lake, Edward, services of, 323 ; " Sieges of the Madras Army," by, 323. Lake, C.S.L, Maj.-Genl. Edward John, services of, 503. Lake, K.C.B., Col. Sir Henry Atwell, 103 ; services of, 394. Lai Singh, 355, 356. Lambert (bandsman), 249. Landrecies, 86. Lane, Cadet (a fictitious name), de- scription of presentation of "Pollock Medal to, 185. Lane, C.B., Genl. J. T., 653. Lang, Arthur M., 184. Langton, T., 248. Laswari, battle of, 5, 60. Lawder, Lt. L., 319. Lawrence, Genl., 104. Lawrence, K. C.S.L, Genl. Sir George St, Patrick, services of, 351. Lawrence, K.C.B., Maj.-Genl. Sir Henry Montgomery, services of, 353 ; his work in the Punjab, 356. Lawrence, C.B., Col. R. C, 654. Lawrenson, C.B., Col. G. S., 652. Lawrie, W. G., 187. " Lay of the Last Minstrel," the, illus- trated by J. C. Schetky, 136. Leeds, Mrs. Harriet J., housekeeper, 57- Leeds, Robert Johnston, steward, 57, 206. Leeds, Robert Martin, purveyor and steward, 56 ; duties of, 56. Leech, C.B., Col. Robert, 654. Lefroy, Col., 296. Leggett, E. H. M., 188. Lemon, Lt., 106, 46 722 INDEX Lenox-Conyngham, G. P., 187. Lequetio, 63. Leslie Arms, inn, 274, 275. Leslie, C.B., Lt.-Col. John Thomas, services of, 366. Lester, Capt. F. P., Adjutant, 57, 59, 89. Lewis, Joe, 249. Leyburn, Mr., Professor of Mathematics at Woolwich, 43. Liddell, Capt. David, 89, 97. Liddell, C.B., Col. J., 653. Lightfoot, C.B., Col. J. G., 655. Lighthouses, 386, 389. Limond, C.B., Maj.-Genl. Dav., 656. Lindsay, C.B., Lt.-Col. Alexander H., 656. List of campaigns and wars since 1811, 7. Liverpool, Earl of, 9, 12, 14. Lloyd, C.B., Col. John, 652. Local rank of Engineer cadets while under instruction in surveying, 54. London, Corporation of, present Genl. Pollock with freedom of the City, 182. " London Philosophical Magazine," referred to, TJ. Louis Philippe, 137. Love, Henry D., 186. Luard, Lt. Charles H., 184, 319, 320. Lucknow, defence of, 360 ; Genl. W. A. Crommelin's services at, 511. Lugard, K.C.B., Sir Edward, 296. Lumber, Sergt.-Maj., 245. Lumsden, G.C.B., Genl. Sir Peter S., 656. Macdonald, yEneas R. R., 184; drowned at Chatham, 280. Macdonald, J. R. L., 187. Macfarlan, C.B., Lt.-Genl. D., 656. MacGillivray, Cadet, 58 ; in a row with Croydon roughs, 191. MacGregor, Robert G., 353. Macintire, C.B., Genl. And. W., 654. Macintyre, V.C., Maj.-Genl. Donald, services of, 576. Mackay, Donald A., 52. Mackenzie, R. J. H., 187. Mackeson, Mr., holds Ali Musjid with a small force, 172. Mackinnon, C.B., Col. W. A., 137, 655. Mackintosh, Maj., 107. MacLeod, Genl., designer of the Pollock Medal, 165. MacNaghten, Mr., 296. MacNaghten, Sir William, 169, 170. MacNaghten, Lady, 170. MacSween, Hastings, 69. Maddock, Thomas Herbert, his rela- tions with Sir H. M. Durand, 433. Madras, famine in 1877, Sir M. Kennedy's services during, 514. Madras Engineers, services of, in Mahratta War of 1 817-19, 321. Madras Lighthouse, 386, 389. Madras Mint, 387, 388. Madras Roads, breakwater at, 345. Magdala, 103 ; storming of, 409. Magdala, Field-Marshal Lord Napier of, services of, 405 ; Disraeli and Gladstone on, 409 ; anecdotes of, 413. Magnetism, Mr. William Sturgeon's discoveries and papers on, T], Maha Bundoola, Commander-in-Chief of the Burmese, 192. Mahomed Shah, 380. Mahratta War, 202; of 1817-19, services of Madras Engineers in, 321. Mahrattas, 5, 87. Maida, 140. INDEX 723 Maiwand disaster, 602. Mainwaring, Capt., 319. Major, Fran. W., 298. Malcolm, G.C.B., Genl. Sir George, 655. Malleson, Col., 461. Malster, Sergt., 237. Malta, 85. Mamoo Khail, 165. Manderson, C.B., Maj.-Genl. G. R., 656. Mann, Mr., conductor of the Crystal Palace band, 199. Mann, Lt. G. K., 97. Manson, Alex., 42. Mant, Cadet, 288. Mantell, A. M., 187. Marienberg, 86. Marlow, cadets educated at, 1803- 1809, 3. Marlow, W., 248. Marriott, Lt., 106. Marryat, E. L., 299. Marsh, Miss, a religious revivalist, 295. Marshall, Maj.-Genl., 60. Mascall, Francis, 186. Mathematical Professor, Wranglers only to be appointed to post of, 141. Mather, Cotton, 218. Maubery, 86. Mauritius, 193. Maun Singh, 407. Maunsell, C.B., Genl. Frederick R., 656. Maxwell, Lt. H. H., 319. Maxwell, C.B., Col. H. Hamilton, 655. McCallum, Henry E., 186. McCaskill, Brigadier, 171. McCulloch, Dr., Lecturer in Chemis- try, 50, 60, 133 ; notice of, 50. McGregor, K.C.B., Genl. Sir George Hall, services of, 400. McLaughlin, G., 249. McLaughlin, Hugh, 248. McLeod, John, 43. McNeile, John M., 185. McNeill, Mr., British Minister with Persia, 380. Meat supply, excitement caused by bad, 108. Medal, the Pollock, 163 ; described, 165. Medallists, Roll of Pollock, 1848-61 (Addiscombe), 184 ; ditto, 1861-93 (Woolwich), 186. Medical treatment of cadets, 218. Meeanee, 90, 326. Meerut, 167. Meiklejohn, John F., 298. Mellown, 168. Melville, Lord, 46. Merit, scales of order of, 1 54. Merriman, C. S. L, Lt.-Genl. C. J., 656. Metcalfe, Lord, 301. Metcalfe, Douglas, his " Tribute to the Memory of Sir Alexander Dickson," 86 ; song written by, 163. Metcalfe, Professor E. B., 68, 127. Metcalfe, C.B., Col. J., 654. Methodist parson, a, cadet's altercation with, 257. Middleton, Bart, Sir George Broke, 139. Military bridging, anecdote of Lt. Cook and Douglas's work on, 132. Military drawings at public examina- tion of December loth, 1858, 305. " Military History of the Madras Engineers," referred to, 323. Military operations in Afghanistan, 169 et seq., 599 et seq. Miller, C.B., Maj.-Genl. William Henry, services of, y]}). 724 INDEX Milligan, Lt. E., 319. Mills, Mr., 296. Mining, see Sapping, etc. Minorca, 85. Minto, Lord, Governor-Generalin 1807, 6. Mirzapore, 87. Mobille, 85. Mocha, 208. Models at public e.xamination of December loth, 1858, 304, 306. Moir, C.B., Col. George, 655. Moira, Lord, see Hastings, Marquis of. Mokundra Pass, 5. Monson, Col., 5. Montauban, Genl., 408. Monte Video, 85 Montgomerie, Col. Thomas George, 184 ; services of, 568. Montgomery, Bart, Sir Heniy, 296. Montgomery, G.C.S.L, Sir Robert, 103 ; sersices of, 403. IMontresor, Col., 104. Mookoor, 177. Moonshee Hasan Ali, Assistant Pro- fessor for Hindustani, 39, 41, 42. Moore, Peter, 61. Moore. C.B., Col. Richard C, 1S8, 653- Moral tone of Seminar}', 276, 294. Mornington, Lord, see Wellesley, Mar- quis. Morris, Col, 297. Mosque and bazaar at Cabul, destruc- tion of, 194. "Mother Crust" (Knight), vendor of bread and butter, 293. " Mother " Dodd, 242. "Mother" Rose, [223, 260, 295; bio- graphical notice of, 282. Mouravieff, Genl., 397. Mudge, Col. William, Pubhc Examiner, 16, 38, 39- Mudge, Rev. Zachariah, 39. Murray, Sergt., 224, 237, 238. Murray, C.S.L, Capt. Robert, 656. Mydan, 179. Myhie, river, 104. Mysore, 4, 125. Nairne, C.B., Maj.-Genl. Charles Ed- ward, 632. Naish, T. E., 187. Napier of Magdala, G.C.B., Field- Marshal Lord, 103 ; services of, 405 ; Disraeli and Gladstone on, 409 ; anecdotes of, 413. Napoleon L, 128. Napoleon IIL, 268. Napolett, Capt. H. G., 188. Nasmylh, Maj. Charles, services of, 554- Nathan, M., 187. Nattes, Charles C, 42. Nattes, John W., services of, 322. Nattes, William, 42. Necessaries to be provided by cadets 18 ; supplied by the Company, 20, Nepal, 61, 167. Nettlefold, Mr., 16, 234. New Brunswick, 63. New Orleans, 85. Newman, C, 249. Nicholson, William G., 186. Nightingale, Miss Florence, 419. Nimmo, C.B., Maj.-Genl. Thomas R., 656. " Ninety Years of Work and Play," a biography of J. C. Schetky, by his daughter, 140. Nive, river, 85. Nivelle, river, 85. INDEX 725 Nixon, Lt. J. P., 189. Nizam, the, 303; alliance with, against Tippoo Sultan, 4. Non faciaiii vitio cielpare niiiioroii, probable motto of the Draper family, 12. Norman, K.C.B., Lt.-Genl. Sir F. B., 656. Nott, Genl., 169. Nowah, 304. Nuttall, C.B., Maj.-Genl. J. M., 655. Oakes, Lt. A. F., 97. Oger, Mons. Pierre, French Master, 44, 59 ; notice of, 46. Oger, Mme. Rachael, 48. Okamundel, 106. Oliphant, James, services of, 322. Oliven^a, 85. Olpherts, Capt., 254. Olpherts, V.C, K.C.B., Genl. Sir William, 239, 319 ; services of, 497 ; his character described, 502. Omar Pasha, 397. Ommaney, Edward Lacon, 99. OhsIow, Mr. Sergeant, 49. Operations in Afghanistan, 169 et seq., 599 et seq. Oporto, 85. Orbigo, river, 63. Orderly officers, appointed under Col. Houston, 97 ; selection of, 97 ; of 1834-50, 188 ; appointed after Sir F. Abbott's appointment, 319. Ordnance Survey, Engineer cadets detained in England to be attached to, 43- Orr, Lt., 194. Orr, Maj. - Genl. Charles Alexander, services of, 413. Orr, Sutherland, G. G., 415. Orr, William Adam, 415. O'Shaughnessy, Sir William, 581, 584. Ouchterlony, Capt., 216. Ouchterlony, Genl. Sir David, 5, 61. Oude, 4. " Paddy " (Fitz-Gibbon), vendor of oranges, etc., 290. Pagahm Mew, 168. Paget, Admiral Sir Charles, 139. Palace, J., 248. Palhampore, 106. Pallace, the watchman, 289. Palliser, G.C.B., Maj.-Genl. Sir Charles, 656. Palmer, Col., surrender of, at Ghuznee, 174. Parliament, Houses of, thanks voted to the Governor-General, Sir J. Pollock, and others, 181. Parlour, Samuel, Classical Master, 44, 59 ; biographical notice of, 46. Pasley, R.E., Col. Sir Charles, Public Examiner, 54, 55, 99, 205, 296; anecdotes of, 140; biographical notice of, 140. Paton, C.B., Col. J., 655. Pattinson, Lt., 324. Paumbum Passage, 343. Pavement, dispute regarding the use of the, 102. Pay, time passed at Seminary to count for, on retirement, 122. Pears, K.C.B., Maj.-Genl. Sir Thomas Townsend, services of, 390. Peat, C.B., Maj. Alexander C, services of, 364- Peel, Sir Robert, 182, Peishwa, 4, 5, 324. Pemberton, C.S.L Maj.-Genl. R. C. B., 656. ^2^ INDEX Penang, 60. Peninsula, the, 63, 85. Penley, Aaron, Professor of Drawing, biographical notice of, 210 ; photo- graphs of Addiscombe, etc., by, 212. Penn, Mr. John, 139. Pennycuick, John, 298. " Peregrine Pulteney," referred to in connection with Col. Houston, 100. Perkins, C.B., Lt.-Genl. .^^ineas, ser- vices of, 590. Perofifski, Genl., 377. Perron, Genl., 5. Peshawar, 171. Persia, 4 ; English assistance rendered to, in 1832-33, 380. Persian Gulf, 106, 107. Persian telegraphs, 604. Petrie, C.B., Col. J. G., 655. Philippine Islands, 60. Photographs, etc., of Addiscombe, by Aaron Penley, 212. Pictures and paintings by J. C. Schetky, 136, 137, 139- Pictures and photos in possession of "Mother" Rose, 288. Pierson, Corpl., 247. Pierson, Maj. William Henry, 185, 227, 298, 299 ; services of, 643. Pilkington, R.E., Col. Robert, 24. Pindarries, 87. Pitt, William, anecdote of, 14. Poaching in Addington Park, 156. Pollock, David (saddler to George in.), 166. Pollock, Sir David, Judge of the High Court, Bombay, 166. Pollock, Sir Frederick, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer, 166. Pollock, G.C.B., Genl. Sir George, 296, 301 ; institution of his medal, 163 ; medal described, 165 ; appointed to command Afghan punitive force, 171 ; his operations in Afghanistan, 171 et seq. ; his rewards for his Afghan campaign, 182 ; biographi- cal notice of, 166. Pollock Prize Fund, 164, 166. Pollock Medal, first presentation to a cadet, 163 ; awarded at public examination of December loth, 1858, 299. Pollock Medallist in 1861, 310. Pollock Medallists, Roll of, Addis- combe, 1848-61, 184 ; Woolwich, 1861-93, 186. Polwhele, R., 188. Pond, Capt. A., 200, 319. Poona, 5. Portlock, Maj. -Genl., 296. Portugal, 85. Pottinger, Lt.-Genl. Brabazon, 431. Pottinger, Eldred (son of Maj. -Genl. John), 431. Pottinger, C.B., Maj. Eldred, 103 ; services of, 426. Pottinger, Sir Henr)', 347. Pottinger, C.B., Maj. -Genl. John, 431, 654. Practical jokes, 66, 74. Prendergast, V.C, Genl. Sir Harry North Dalrymple, 254 ; services of, 614. " Pretty Agent," a prize-fighter, thrashed by a cadet, 275. Prince Consort, the, 139. Prince of Wales, the, 139. Princess Alexandra, painting of the landing of H.R.H. the, by J. C. Schetky, 139. INDEX 727 Prinsep, Thomas, 52. Pritchard, K.C.I. E., Bo. C.S,, Sir Charles B., 656. Private tuition, cadets educated under, 1 803- 1 809, 3. Prizes, 43 ; awarded at examination of October, 1816, 51 ; awarded at public examination of December loth, 1858, 299. Prizes given, 155. " Probos," origin of term, 16 ; cadets called, 58. Profane language forbidden, 16. Professors, see Biographical notices. Prologue for theatricals, 264. Prome, 168. Public examinations, sec Examina- tions. PubHc - houses, frequenting of, by cadets, 160. Punalla, 202. Punishments awarded to unruly cadets, 125, 224. Punjab, Sir H. M. Lawrence's work in the, 356. Punlete (bandsman), 249. Purton, C.B., John, 43 ; services of, 322. Purwan-darrah, flight of Bengal cavalry at, 338. Putteala, Rajah of, 303. Pye, Kellen C, 185. Pysche, Rajah, the, 104. Quarrelling, fighting, etc., forbidden, 16. Quatre Bras, 86. Quebec, 62. Queen, the, commissions for painting given to J. C. Schetky by, 137 ; State visit of, to the Crystal Palace, 268. Quetta, 173. Radcliffe, see Delme. Railway line, proposed South-Eastern, through Addiscombe, 153. Railways in India, Sir W. E. Baker and, 417. Rajpootana, 5. Rampoora, 60. Rangoon, 168. Rattray, C.B., Col. Thomas, 655. Rawlinson, K.C.B., Col. Sir Henry, 179, 296. Raynor, W., 248. Records of services of distinguished officers, see Services of, etc. Recreations at Seminary, 250. " Red " Baines, author of a poem called "Addiscombe," loi. Rees, Lt. J. M., 188. Regulations for admission of cadets to Seminary, 15. Reid, Bt. Maj. 55. Reid, Sergt., 96, 237. Reid, C.B., Brig.-Genl. Alex. T., 652. Reid, Thomas, Chairman of the East India Company, 53. Reilly, Cadet Bradshaw, 99. Religious revivalist movement caused by a Miss Marsh, 295. Remington, C.B., Col. Y . J., 655. Renny, V.C., Col.-Comdt. George Alexander, services of, 533. " Resolution," picture of the departiu'e of H.R.H. the Prince of Wales for America, from the deck of the, by J. C. Schetky, 139. Retirement, time passed at Seminary to count for pay on, 122. Rich, E. T., 188. Richards, Samuel, 42. Richardson's show at Croydon fair, 158. 728 INDEX Riddell, R. V., 300. Ritero, the, Madrid, 85. Ritherdon, Maj. Talbot, Assistant Adjutant, etc., 58, 89, 97, 190, 200, 206 ; biographical notice of, 92. Rivett Carnac, Bart., M.P., Sir James, address delivered at Seminary in 1837, 122. Robertson, J. C, Lieutenant-Governor of the N.W. Provinces, 171. Robertson, Capt. J. W., 194, Roberts, Brigadier, 332. Roberts, Lord, of Kandahar and Waterford, G.C.B., etc., 145 ; ser- vices of, 592. Roberts, Rev. George, 208. Robinson, C.B., Col. D. G., 655. Rocroy, 86. Rodney's action with the Comte de Grasse, picture of, by J. C. Schetky, 139- • RoUiad, the, quoted with reference to William Pitt, 14. Rollings, William, 53. Rooke, B. H., 188. Rowbotham, Thomas, 134. Rowcroft, H. C, 299. Rowe, Valentine F., 186. Rowlandson, Maj., 217. Rose, " Mother," see " Mother " Rose. Ross, Alexander, 43. Ross, Col., 297. " Royal George," picture of sinking of H.MS., 136 ; raising of, by Sir Charles Pasley, 140, Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, lads placed at, for Engineer and Artillery cadetships, 2 ; regulations for the instruction, etc., of cadets at, 2. Roza, 178. Ruddock, Professor J. B., 68. Rudge, Joe (" Tarts "), vendor of light refreshments, 291. Rundall, C.S.L, Genl. Francis Horn- blow, services of, 507. Rundall, Capt. John William, services of, 505. Running, 254. Russell, C.B., Col., 296. Russian captives in Khiva, 441. Rutland, Duke of, 137. St. Helena, 128. St. James's Church, Croydon, 36 ; tablet in memory of three cadets who were drowned, 281. St. John's Church, 36. St. Lawrence, river, 63. St. Sebastian, 85. Saleh Mahomed, 447. Salamanca, 85. Salaries and establishment, 59. Salar Jung, 303. Sale, Lady, 170. Sale, Sir Robert, 169, 171. Salkeld, V.C, Lt. Philip, serxices of, 537- Salsette, 213. Salusbury, C.B., Maj. -Genl. F. O., 655. Sanders, C.B., Lt.-Col. Edward, 652. Sandham, Col., 296. Sand-modelling hall, description of, 34- Sandoz, Mr., 297. Sank'-ey, Matthew H. P. R., 186. Sankey, Maj. Morgan C, services of, 546. Sankey, K.C.B., Lt.-Genl. Sir Richard Hieram, services of, 540. San-ko-lin-sin (Chinese General) 408. INDEX 729 Sapping and mining, instruction of Engineer cadets in art of, 54 ; Maj. Straith's proposals for instruction in, 99. Saward, M. H., 300. Schetky, John Christian, Assistant Civil Drawing Master, 44, 127, 200, 206, 210 ; pictures by, 136, 137, 139 ; anecdote of, 137 ; biographical no- tice of, 1 34. Schetky family, 134. Schneider, C.B., Lt.-Genl. Frederick, 655. Schneider, K.C.B., Genl. Sir John W., 655. Scinde, 156. Scindiah, 303. Scott, Lt. J. D., 188. Scott-Moncriefif, K.C.M.G., Col. Sir Colin Campbell, services of, 633. Scott's "Lay of the Last Minstrel" illustrated by J. C. Schetky, 136. Scully, Conductor, fires magazine at Delhi, 548. Seminary, Addiscombe, see Addis- combe. Seminary rules modified, 58. Seminary slang, 58. Seminary staff, see Biographical no- tices, and Establishment. Senior, William, 53. Sepoys, morale of, 172. Sergeants, 235 ; accused of taking bribes, no. Seringapatam, 4. Services of distinguished officers : Thomas Davies, 321 ; John Co- ventry, 321 ; Alexander Anderson, 322 ; Alexander Grant, 322 ; John W. Nattes, 322 ; John Purton, C.B., 322 ; James Oliphant, 322 ; George Services, etc. — continued. ]. Jenkins, 322 ; James J. Under- wood, 322 ; Edward Lake, 323 ; Lt. William Chisholm, 323 ; Col. Charles Waddington, C.B., 324 ; Maj. George Thomson, C.B., 327 ; Col. Sir Proby Thomas Cautley, K.C.B., 333 ; Maj-Genl. Augustus Abbott, C.B., 2)37 ; Genl. Sir Arthur T. Cotton, K.C.S.L, 343 ; Genl. Sir George St. Patrick Lawrence, K.C.S.L, 351 ; Maj.-Genl. Sir Henry M. Lawrence, K.C.B., 353 ; Maj. Alexander C. Peat, C.B., 364 ; Lt.- Col. John Thomas Leslie, C.B., 366 ; Genl. James Abbott, C.B., 368 ; Maj.- Genl. William Henry Miller, C.B., 373 ; Capt. Arthur Conolly, 375 ; Maj. Elliott D'Arcy Todd, 379 ; Col. Philip Anstruther, C.B., 384 ; Col. John T. Smith, 386 ; Maj.-Genl. Sir Thomas T. Pears, K.C.B., 390; Col. Robert Henderson, C.B., 392 ; Col. Sir Henry A. Lake, K.C.B., 394 ; Genl. Sir George Hall McGregor, K.C.B., 400 ; Sir Robert Mont- gomery, G.C.S.L, 403 ; Field-Mar- shal Lord Napierof Magdala, G.C.B., 405 ; Maj.-Genl. Charles A. Orr, 413 ; Genl. Sir William E. Baker, K.C.B., 415 ; Genl. Sir James Brind, K.C.B., 421 ; Col. Sir Andrew S. Waugh, Knt., 423 ; Maj. Eldred Pottinger, C.B., 426; Maj.-Genl. Sir Henry Marion Durand K.C.S.L, 431 ; Brig.-Genl. John Jacob, C.B., 438 ; Col. Sir Richmond C. Shakes- spear, Knt., C.B., 441 ; Maj.-Genl. Sir Vincent Eyre, K.C.S.L, 444 ; Capt. Joseph D. Cunningham, 453 ; Maj.-Genl. Sir Alexander C. Cun- 730 INDEX Services, etc. — continued. ningham, K.C.S.I., 455 ; Col. Fran- cis Cunningham, 459 ; Sir John W. Kaye, K.C.S.I., 460; Col. R. Baird Smith, C.B., 461 ; Genl. Sir Arnold B. Kemball, K.C.B., 470 ; Genl. Sir Oifeur Cavanagh, K.C.S.I., 473 ; Genl. John R. Becher, C.B., 474 ; Maj.-Genl. Albert Fytche, C.S.I., 478 ; Col. James Travers, V.C, 481 ; Col. Archibald J. M. Boileau, 483 ; Col. Sir Henry Yule, K.C.S.I., 487 ; Lt.-Genl. Richard Strachey, C.S.I., 490; Maj.-Genl. Sir George Bourchier, K.C.B., 496 ; Genl. Sir William Olpherts, V.C, 497 ; Maj.-Genl. Edward J. Lake, C.S.I., 503 ; Capt. John W. Run- dall, 505 ; Genl. Francis H. Rundall, C.S.I., 507 ; Lt.-Genl. William A. Crommelin, C.B., 508 ; Genl. -Sir Michael K. Kennedy, K.C.S.I., 513 ; Maj.-Genl. Sir Henry Tombs, V.C, 517 ; Col. John C Anderson, C.S.L, 519; Genl. Sir Alexander Taylor, G.CB., 522 ; Col. Joseph H. Dyas, 527 ; Lt.-Genl. Arthur Bunny, C.B., 529; Maj.-Genl. W. W. H. Great- hed, C.B., 531 ; Col.-Comdt. George A. Renny, V.C, 533 ; Genl. James T. Walker, C.B., 535 ; Lt. Duncan C Home, \'.C., 537 ; Lt. Philip Salkeld, \'.C., 537 ; Lt.-Genl. Sir Richard H. Sankey, K.C.B., 540 ; Maj. Morgan C Sankey, 546 ; Lt. George D. Willoughby, 547 ; Maj.- Genl. George Hutchinson, C.B., 549 ; Maj. Charles Nasmyth, 554; Genl. Sir George T. Chesney, K.C.B., 556 ; Lt.-Genl. James J. McLeod Innes, V.C, 558; Genl. John A. Services, etc. — continued. Ballard, C.B., 560 ; Col. Thomas G. Montgomerie, 568; Maj.-Genl. William S. Trevor, V.C., 572 ; Maj.- Genl. Donald Macintyre, V.C, 576 ; Capt. James P. Bassevi, 577 ; Lt.- Col. Patrick Stewart, C.B., 581 ; Genl. William W. Goodfellow, C.B., 587 ; Lt.-Genl. yEneas Perkins, C.B., 590 ; Capt. Hastings E. Harrington, V.C, 591 ; Lord Roberts of Kanda- har, G.C.B., 592 ; Col. John U. Champain (nowBateman-Champain), K.C.M.G., 603 ; Genl. Sir James Hills (now Hills-Johnes), V.C, 608 ; Genl. Sir Harry N. D. Prendergast, V.C, 614 ; Maj.-Genl Henry G. Delafosse, C.B., 625 ; Col. Edward T. Thackeray, V.C , 629 ; Maj.. Genl. Charles E. Naime, C.B., 632 ; Col. Sir Colin C Scott-Moncrieff, K.C.M.G., 633 ; Maj.-Genl. Sir James Browne, K.C.S.L, 637 ; Maj. William H. Pierson, 643 ; Lt.-Col. Henry Trotter, C.B., 646 ; Capt. James Dundas, V.C, 647 ; Col. Arthur G. Hammond, V.C, 648; names of other cadets who have been decorated by Her Majesty, 652. .Sewalik fossils, discovery of the, 431- .Shah Kamran, Prince, 427. Shah Sooja, 169. " Shannon " and " Chesapeake," paintings of action between, by J. C Schetky, 139. Shans, the, 168. Shakespear, Knt., C.B., Colonel Sir Richmond C, 131, 179 ; services of, 441. INDEX 731 Shakespear, W., 131. Shakespeare, John, Professor for Hin- dustani, 38, 39, 59 ; biographical notice of, 40. Shakespeare, John (of Langley Priory), 76, 217. Shelton, Genl., 169, 170. Shepherd, W., 185. Shirley windmill, 92. Shuldham, Cadet, 288. " Shylock Travestied," 260. " Sieges of the Madras Army," referred to, 323. Sikhs, Cunningham's history of the, 455- Silistria, services of Maj. Charles Nasmyth at, 555 ; services of Genl. John A. Ballard at, 561. Sim, Charles Alexander, 298. Sim, Duncan, 42. Simbike, 168. Simpson, Col., 297. Sinclair, Hugh M., 187. Sindia, 4-6. Siwiliks, Cautley's explorations of the, 336. Sladen, Maj., Burmese frontier ex- plorations of, 479. Slang, Seminary, 58. "Slosh" Hall, 291. Smith, Capt., 55. Smith, Maj. -Genl., 107. Smith, Sergt. Adam, 245. Smith, C.B., Col. Ed. J., 52, 652. Smith, K.H., M.P., Sir Frederick, Public Examiner, 140, 296. Smith, George Francis, 191. Smith, Lt. H. M., 319. Smith, Col. John Thomas, services of, 386. Smith, Col. Lionel, 104. Smith, C.B., Col. Richard Baird, 345, 346 ; services of, 461. Smoking, 58, 99, 203, 222. Smyth, C.B., Col. J. Hall, 654. Smyth, Maj. William H. Carmichael, Resident Superintendent, 57, 59 ; biographical notice, etc., of, 60. Smyth, Mrs. Carmichael, 61, 62. Sobraon, 194. Solly, Professor, Chemical Lecturer, 134, 206. Somnauth, removal of the gates of the temple of, 179, 181. Soult, Marshal, 85. " Sour-Cape and Crusty Port Wine," a Seminary song, 68. South Arcot, Genl. Cotton's work in, 345. South - Eastern Railway, proposed line through Addiscombe, 153. Spirituous liquor, etc., use of, forbidden, 15- Sports, 253. Spying, 89, 96 ; evil effects of system, 1 10. Staff, Seminary, see Biographical no- tices, and Establishment. Stanley, Lord (Earl of Derby), Secre- tary of State for India, speech at pubhc examination of December loth, 1858, 300. Stannus, Col. Sir Ephraim G. Lieutenant-Governor, 34 ; anecdotes of, 108 ; sudden death of, 190 ; compared with Sir Frederick Abbott, 197 ; biographical notice of 104. Stanton, Frederick S., 184. Staunton, Capt., 324. Stevenson, Corpl., instructor in broad- sword exercise, 50, 220. 71-2 INDEX Stevenson, C.R., Brig.-Genl. Thomas, 42, 652. Stewart, CLE., Col. John, 656. Stewart, C.B., Lt.-Col. Patrick, 1S4 ; services of, 581. Stoddart, Col., imprisoned and mur- dered at Bokhara, 378, 379. Stokes, Sir George, 142 «. Stone, G. A. S., 187. Strachan, Dr., Assistant Classical Master, 50. Strachey, Sir Henry, 490. Strachey, Capt. Henry, 492. Strachey, C.S.I., Lt.-Genl. Richard, services of, 490. Strahan, George, 298, 299. Straker, Charles D. A., 298. Straith, Maj. Hector, Assistant Pro- fessor of Fortification, 67, 127 ; pro- poses arrangements for instruction in sapping and mining, etc., 99. Sturgeon, William, Lecturer in Science, etc., biographical notice of, "j"]; scien- tific works and discoveries of, 'j'j. Sturt, Lt., 169. Sukkur, 174. Sultan Mahmoud's tomb, 178. Survey Department, heads of, still Addfscombe cadets, 8. Surveying, instruction of Engineer cadets in, 54. Surveying operations of Col. Sir A. S. Waugh, 423 ; of Col. T. G. Montgomerie, 568 ; of Capt. James P. Bassevi, 577. Surveys, employment of trained natives on, 570. Sutlej, river, 171 ; bridging of, by Abbott, 195, 196. Suttee, 355, 359. Sutton, Archbiihop, 36. "Swab's" breakfast, 160; described, 247. " Swab's" rules, 222. Swanston, Lt., 324. Swinley, C.B., Maj.-Genl. George H., 653- Swinton, C.B., Col. R. B., 654. Sydeabad, 179. Sykes, Col. W. H., 155; advice to cadets, 307, Symon, W. C, 188. Symons, William J., 53, Synd Keramu Ali, 375. Talbot, Lord Chancellor, 9. Tantia Topee, 407. Tapp, Lt. Thomas, 188. " Tarts " (Joe Rudge), vendor of light refreshments, 291. Tate, James, 212. Tate, Captain William Ashmead, Pro- fessor of Military Drawing, 43, 206 ; biographical notice of, 212. Taylor, G.C.B., Genl. Sir Alexander, services of, 522. Taylor, Lt. C, 189. Taylor, Sergt. George, 245. Taylor, John William, 298, 299. Teesdale, V.C, Col., 268. Telegraphs, electric, Lt. - Col. P. Stewart's services in connection with, 581 et seq. ; services of Col. J. U. Bateman-Champain in connection with Persian, 604 et seq. Temple, Sir Purbeck, 10. Tennant, CLE., Lt.-Genl. J. F., 656. Tezeen, 165, 177. Timbrell, J., 248. Tippoo Sultan, 4 ; his alliance with France, 4. INDEX 7Z1> Thackeray, V.C, Col. Edward Talbot, services of, 629. Thackeray, B.C.S., Richmond, 61. Thackeray, William Makepeace, once an inmate of Addiscombe mansion, 61, 62. " The Adventures of an Addiscombe Cadet," referred to in connection with Col. Houston, 100. " The Times " reports public examina- tion of December loth, 1858, 306 ; sendsMaj.C. NasmythtoSilistria, 556. " The Travels of Marco Polo," 489. Theatricals, 259 ; official report on a surreptitious performance, 261. Theebaw, King, 622. Theodore, King of Abyssinia, expedi- tion against, 409. Thomason, James, Lieutenant-Gover- nor of the N.W. Provinces, 195. Thomson, Alexander, 327. Thomson, Corpl. D., 247. Thomson, C.B., Maj. George, 52 ; ser- vices of, 327. Thomson, John, 53, 327. Thomson, William, 327. Thuillier, Knt., C.S.I., Genl. Sir Henry, 654. Tobacco, etc., use of, forbidden, 15. Tod, Lt. Alexander, 188. Todd, Maj. Elliott D'Arcy, services of, 379- Tombs, V.C, Maj. -Genl. vSir Henry, services of, 517. Toogood, Capt., A. P., 319. Torrens, Sir Henry, 54. Torres Vedras, 85. Toulouse, 85. Travers, Cadet, 32. Travers, V.C, Col. James, services of, 481. Trecothick, Alderman, 36. Tremenheere, C.B., Genl., 654. Trevelyan, Sir Charles, 376. Trevelyan, C.B., Col. Henry W., 653. Trevor, Maj. -Genl. John Salusbury, 575- Trevor, Salisbury T., 184. Trevor, V.C, Maj. -Genl. William Spot- tiswoode, services of, 572. "Tribute to the memory of Sir Alex- ander Dickson," by Douglas Met- calfe, 86. Trigonometrical survey, operations of Col. Sir A. S. Waugh, 423; of Col. T. G. Montgomerie, 568 ; of Capt. James P. Bassevi, 577. Trotter, C.B., Lt.-Col. Henr>', services of, 646. Tryon, Rev. G. R. J., 148. Tucker, C.B., Lt.-Col. H. T., 188, 653. Tucker, C.B., B.CS., Henry Carre, 654. Tucker, Mrs. St. George, 197. Tulloch, C.B., Col. John S., 655. Tunstal, Sir John, 10. Turkey, services of Genl. J. A. Ballard in, 561. Turner, K.C.B., Genl. Sir Frank, 654. Turton, W. H., 187. Tytler, C.B., Col. W. F., 654. Umbeyla campaign, 597. Underwood, Lt., 193. Underwood, George A., 52. Underwood, James J., services of, 322. Uniform supplied by the Company, 20 ; of cadets, 247. Urghundeh, 179. Vanbrugh, the architect, 12. 734 INDEX "Vanity Fair," 6i. Versturme, C. H., 187. " Veterans of the Sea," photographs from pictures by J. C. Schetky, 139- Vibart, Col. Henry M., relates a "sky- larking " anecdote, 131. Vibart, Lt. Meredith, 189. Vickers, C. E., 188. Victoria Cross conferred on Rlaj. McLeod Innes, 314. Vittoria, 85. Vivian, K.C.B., Sir Robert, 296. Waddington, C.B., Col. Charles, ser- vices of, 324. Wade, H. M. St. A., 187. Walcheren, 63. Walker, C.B., Genl. James Thomas, services of, 535. Wallace, C.B., Maj.-Genl. Hill, 655. Walter, George, 52. Walter, Rev. H., 46. Ward, Mr., bandmaster, 249. Warren, William A., 298. Wars and campaigns since 181 1, 7. Waterloo, 86, 128. Watkins, Frederick D., 53. Watson, Charles M., 186. Watts, John, 53. Waugh, Col. Sir Andrew Scott, services of, 423. Webb, C.S.I., Col. E. A. H., 654. Weldon, CLE., Col. Thomas, 656. Wellesley, Marquis, arri\al of, in India in 1798, 4 ; his objects, 4 ; alliance with the Nizam, 4 ; scheme for the Government of India, 5 ; re-modelled the Indian Civil Service, 6. Wellington, Duke of, 302. Wells, W. F., Civil Drawing Master, 44, 60, 127 ; anecdotes of, 45. Welsh, Margaret, 190. Weltervreden, 60. Westall, Dr., medical officer, 148, 206, 218, 220. " Whim," yacht, capsizes with three cadets, 280. Whinfield, Lt. Charles, 97. Whitlie, C.B., Col. W. P., 653. Whitt, Rev. John, 208. Wild, Brigadier, 171. Wilde, C.B., Col., 296. Wilkins, Mr., architect to the Company, 29. Wilkins, Sir Charles, Public Examiner in Hindustani, 41, 59, 87 ; biographi- cal notice of, 41. William IV., 136. Williams, K.C.I.E., Lt.-Genl Sir E. C. S., first Pollock Medallist, 184, 656. Williams, Bart., Genl. Sir Fenwick W., 268, 395. Williams, H. B., 187. Williamson, W. J., 185, 310. Willoughby, Mr., 296. Willoughby, Edward Henry, 549. Willoughby, Lt. George Dobson, ser- vices of, 547. Willoughby, C.B., Col. M. F., 296, 653- Wilson, Capt., 106, 107. Wilson, Bart., G.C.B., Genl. Sir Arch- dale, 313,653. Wilson, Professor Horace H., Public Examiner, 87, 205. Wines, spirituous liquors and tobacco, use of, forbidden, 15. Wingate, Assistant Surgeon, 324. Wingate, K.C.B., Col. Sir George, 654. Winn, J., 187. INDEX 735 Wolff, Rev. Joseph (missionary), 376. Woolcombe, C.B., Col. J. D., 655. Wood, Sir Charles, Secretary of State for India in Council, 166 ; speech of, at last public examination, 310. Wood, H. H., 289. Wood, William, bandmaster, 248. Woodburn and his men, massacre of, 179. Woolwich, cadets educated at, 1803- 1809, 3 ; Roll of Pollock Medallists at, 186; see also Royal Military Academy. Wranglers only to be appointed to post of Mathematical Professor, 141. Wray, C.B., Col. E., 655. Wrigley, Rev. Alfred, Mathematical Professor, 205 ; biographical notice of, 142 ; anecdotes of, 142. Wyllie, Assistant Surgeon, 324. Wymer, Col., 175. Wynaad, 104. Wyon, Mr., execution of Pollock Medal by, 165. " Yahoos " or galloways, 337. Yandaboo, treaty of, 168. Yakoob Khan, 599, 600. Yar Mahomed, 382, 427. Yule, K.C.S.I., Col. Sir Henry, services of, 487. Zamona, 63. Zemaun Shah, 4. " Zubber Jung," the great Ghuznee gun, 178. r PLAN MILITARY COLLEGE ^""" '"'"'''rs ] ^"!)»-Vy/ UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY This book is DUE on the last date stamped below ''^feiB' 21^16 m L-9 -1,'41(1122) CKT' liSSij^ A 000 498 700 4 1