Ex Libris C. K. OGDEN THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES /^^ ^- 'y' INDEX OF PASSAGES. C O N T R I B U r 1 O N S TOWARDS AN INDEX OF PASSAGES BEARING UPON THE TOPOGRAPHY OF JERUSALEM, FROM WRITINGS PRIOR TO THE ELEVENTH CENTURY.. iDrintct) for JJrilmic Cirruhttioit. GLASGOW: JAMES MACLEHOSE, 6i ST. VhNCENT STREET, |3ublishcr to the «3uibcrsiti), 1876. IDS 109 PREFACE. The Topographical Index coutaiuod in the following pages was framed hy me, for my own use, in connection with a work on the site of our Lord's Sepulchre, on wliirli I have been engaged, at leisure moments, for some time past. Partly for my own convenience, and partly from a desire that whether that work sliould ever he completed or not, something of the labour which it has entuileil should not be lost, I have thrown this Index into print. It is not a compilation which, even were it perfect, could ever attract the public ; and it is essentially imperfect, and oidy what it is styled — "a contribution." It may possibly, however, in the hands of one or two, be of service in abridging the time and truublo involved in a search fir references among the writings of many centuries. ALEX. B. APGRIGOH. ID WooDsiUK Tekrack, tiLASGow, Ochiber, ISiil 1G7548? INDKX OF REFEIIENCKS I'O KDITIONS OF AUTHORS CITED. Acta Saxct.— Acta SMnctoi-um, post J. EolLuulus, etc. Cited l,y .lay ..f montli, ^•„!ulnc of month, and jiago. ADAM^f.— Sancti Adamnani . . . de Locis Sanctis ex relatione Arculphi Eijiscopi (Jalli Libri Tres. Migno's Putrologia; Cmvsus Completus. Sei-ie.s Latiiia Pi-ior. Toni. 88. When Bede'.s version is referred to I quote from Gretser's edition, .small 4to, Ingol.stadii, IGI'J. A.MBROSE.— Ambrosii Opera. Migne's Patrologi^e Cursus Complrtu.s. Series Prima Tom. 14-17. •ry G. Parthey and M. Pinder, in " Itinerarium Antonini Augusti et Hierosolymitanum." Berolini, 1848. Note. — The various readings of the MSS. recently discovered at Verona and St. Gall will be found iu Dr. Tobler's " Pahtstina Descriptioues ex Sieculo :v, v, ^^." St. Gallon, 1869. CllUYSOST. — Chrysostomi Opera. ^Migne's Patrologiai Cursus Completus. Scries Grieca. Tom. 47-64. CoMJiE.M. — Coramemoratorium de oasis Dei vcl monasteriis. In Toljhr's Descriptioues Terra; SancUe ex skcuIo VIII, IX, XII, et XV. Leipzig, 1874. Cyril. — Cja-illi Archiepiscoiii Hierosolymitaiii Opera. Migne's Patrologia' Cuisus Completus. Series Grseca. Tom. 33. Cyril Scytii. — The Life of St. Saba, by Cyril of Scytliopolis. Ecclesiie Graecas Monuiiienta. Studio J. B. Coteleiii. Paris, 1677-86. Tom. III. DiDY.M. Alex. — Didymi Alexandrini Opera. Migne's Patrologia; Cursus Com]il(>tus, Series Gra;ca. Tom. 39. Dion Cassius. — Historia Komana. 2 vols., folio. Hamburg!, 1752. Eus. — Eusebii Pamjihili Ojiera. Migne's Patrologiie Cursus Completus. Series Gra;ca. Tom. 19-24. (Except the Onomasticon and Theojjhania, as see next entries.) Kus. Onom. — Eusebii Pamphili Episcopi Ca'sai'iensis Onomasticon (Jra^ce cum Latina Hieroiivmi InUn-])retntione, edid. F. Larson et G. Purtlicy. I'.crolini, 1862. EfSEH. TllKdiMl. — Euscbius uu tho Theoiiluniia, trauslalrd liy Saiimul Lcc, D.l). Caui- bridge, 1813. EuTVCHius— Eutychii Aimales. Iiitorprote Edwardo Pococldo, 2 vols. Oxouia', 1G5S. I quote from the Latin veivsion of tlie Syraic original. Epiph.— Eiihiphanii Oonstaiiti;« in C'ypro Episco])! Opcni. Migne's Patrologiiu Ciiraus Coinpletus. Serie.s Grreca. Tom. 1 1-4:5. EiTHVM.— Enthymii Vita ft K(>s Gcsta. Ecclesia; Grifcie Monumenta. Studio J. B. Cotfleiii. Palis, 1677-8G. Tom. II. EvAORius.— Thoodoriti et Evagrii Hist. Ecclesiast. Mogimtiic, 1679. Fragm. Hist. Tusc— Fragmenta Histoiia Tusculana. Four in number, published in Migne's Patrologia; Cursus Completus. Series Gneca. Tom. 85. Georg. H.\.M.utT.— De Inventione St. Crucis, ex Chronico Georgu Hamartoii. Grctser de S. Cruce. Rati.sb., 1731. Tom. 11, pp. 44-45. Georg. Mitylen.— Georgii Jlitylena'i in Salutiforam D. N. Jesu Christi pas.sioncm. Gretser de S. Cruce. Eatisb., 1734. Tom. II, p. 3'JG. The (late of this author is unceitain. German US. —Germaui Arcliiep. Constant. Orationes viviticam Crucem ct in adoi-ati(jiu'm Crucis. Gretser de S. Cruce. Eatisb., 1734. Tom. II, p. 230. Greg. TuR.— Gregory of Tours. De Gloria Martyrum. Libri duo. Parisiis, 1563. HECAT.EUS of Abdera.— Quotations from this writer in Josephus contra Apiouem. Cited by book and section. And also in Eusebius, Preparatio Evangelica. Migne's Patrologia; Cui-sus Completus. Series Grreca. Tom. 26. Hilary.— Hilarii Pictavicnsis Episcopi Opera. Migne's Patrologia3 Cursus Completus. Series Latina. Tom. 9-10. Inno.\i. I.— Innominatus I, a short tract on the topography of Palestine by an anonymous writer, edited by Dr. Tobler, in "Theodorici Libellus de Locis Sanctis," St. Gallen and Paris, 1865. Pp. 113-8. Jerome.— SanctiEusebiiHieronjTniStridonensLsPresbyteri Opera Studio. . . D. Vallarsii. 11 vols., 4to. Venet., 1766-71. (Except the Onomastieon, as see next entry.) Jekome Onom.— Eusebii Pamphili Csesariensis Onomastieon .... Gnece cum Latina llieronymi Tntcrpretatione, edid. F. Larson et G. Parthey. Berolini, 1862. Joan. Dam.— Joannis Damasceni Opera. Migne's Patrologia- Cursus Completus. Series Grieca. Tom. 94-90. X IXDEX OF BEFERENCES. Macarius. — Oratio Macarii Cbrysocephali Archiepiscopi Pliiladelpbieusis in Exult. Crucis. Gretser de S. Cruce. Eatisb., 1734. Tom. II, p. 149. MiDDOTH. — Tbe ti-act De Mensuris TempU in tbe iliscbna. I quote from tbe Latin translation in Surenbu.sius' edition, 3 vols, folio. Amsteloedami, 1688-1703. NicEPU. — Xicepboii CalUsti Ecclesiast. Historia, Folio. Basilia' [1551]. See alsu Gretser de S. Cruce. Ratisb., 1734. Tom. II, p. 58. NicoLAUS. — Xicolas I, Pope. " Respousa Nicolai ad Cousulta Bnl.i^arovum." Migne's PatrologiK Cursus Completus. Series Latuia. Tom. 11 'J. ca. Tom. 11-17. Pasch. E.ADB. — Pascbasii Radberti Opera. Migne's Patrologia; Cursus (Jompletus. Series Secunda. Tom. 120. Paulinus. — Ejjistola S. Paulini de luventione Sanctte Crucis Sevevo Fratri. Gretser de S. Cruce. Ratis^., 1734. Tom. II, pp. 48-50. Pausanias. — Pausania; Descriptio Grajcise, recognovit L. Dindortius. Paris, 1845. Pbocop. — Procopii Ciesarieusis De Qlldificiis D. N. Justiniaui, Libri Sex, in tbe second volume of his works published in folio, Paris, 1662-3. Prudext. — AurelLi Prudentii Carmina. Migne's Patrologiu> Cursus Couipletus. Series Latiua Prima. Tom. 50, 60. KouTii, Reliq. S.\c. — M. J. Ruuth. Reliquiae Sacra-, 5 vols. Oxonii, 1816-8. RoLTH, Script. EccL. — Do. ScriptorumEccle.siasticorum Opuscula. 2 vols. Oxonii, l.'^U). RuFlxus. — Rufini Ecclesiast. Historia. Gretser de S. Cruce. Hnlisliini. I7:'il. Tom. II, p. 51. SEPT.^The Septuagint version of the Old Testament. Soc'RATE.S. — Socratis Historia Ecclesiastica. Migne's Patrologia- Cuisus (jonqilctus. Series Cincca. Tom. 07. SopnROX. Anac:k. — -'opbronii A uacreontica\ Publislieil liy .Mali in his Spieil(\t,'iuni Romanuuj. Toui. IV^. Ronue, 1810. S0ZO.MEN. — Sozomcni Historia Ecclesiastica. Migne's Patrolii,i;ii'.' t.'ursus (Jonqiletus. Series Grseca. 'I'om. 07. Strabo. — Straboni-s Geograpliia, instruxit Carolus Mullerus. I'ari.siis, 1853-58. Tacitus. — Taciti Opera. 2 vols. Lipsia^, 1816. Tert. — Tertulliani Opera. Migne's Patrologia' Cursus CnnipK'tns. Series Prima. Tom. M. /\n/:x OF nEFERENCKfi. J.J Thkod.— A Ti-.ict on ihc 'I'lipi.-niphy of I'alestiiK', of wljich tliivc copies exist, one in Paris, ill the ]!ililiotliei|iii> IiMiieriale (Catalogue, jmrs tcrlin, toin. A, p. 2; No. IV, 1708); Miiotlier in the r.iitisli i\l iiscuni (Cottoniiui Library, Titus, D. 3); a id tlie ihu\\ in tlie lilirary of 8t. Gall. These three versions Lave been edited by Dr. Tobler (Palestiuiv Dcscriptiones ex Sivculo IV, V, et VI. St. Galleu, 1859), but as he Ims 111 this edition re-arrangcd the various paragraphs, and omitted some important |.a.s.sages, 1 have preferred to quote from transcripts 1 have obtained or made of tlie indi^•idual nianu-scriiits themselves, distinguishing them as "Talis," " Lond.," and "St. Gall." The reference "Theod." is from the title of the London JIS., which is here imperfect, but from which Dr. Tobler has conjectured the name of the author to be "Theodorus." The tract is one which seems to me to be of .special importance, more especially in the "London " version. See in Judex under the head of Ornan. Tlti:oDoni:T.— Thcodoreti Historia Sacra. Gretser de S. Cruce. Ratlsbon, 173-1. Tom. II, pp. .52, 53. TiMAi HAKES.— Quoted in Euscbius's Praparatio Evangelica. Migne's Patrologi.-e Cursus Completus. Series Grwca. Tom. 21. Vit. version. The Hebrew has, " and David built round about MLllo and inward." A le\'y raised by Solomon to build the house of the Lord and his o\\ti house, "and the wall of Jerusalem and the A.," 1 Kings ix, 15, Sept. version (3 Kings X, 22). In the Hebrew, the "A." is omitted, and " Millo" added. " Solomon built the A. (tyjv aKpav), and completed the fortification of the city of his father David," 1 Kings xi, 27, Sept. version (3 Kings xi, 27). The Hebrew has, " Solomon built MUlo and repaired the breaches of the city of David his father." * Antiochus having taken Jerusalem, " built the city of David with a gi'eat and strong wall, with mighty towers, and it became a stromjhold to them " {koi iyivfTO avTols £is aKpav). 1 Mac. i, 33. When Judas Maccabeus arose, Jerusalem lay \oid as a wilderness, "the sanctuaiy also was trodden down and aliens kept the stronyhoU " (I'lot dXAoyevwi' iv TQ aKpy.). Do., iii, 45. The men of the/orlress (-ri/s ah-pas) acted as guides to Gorgias. Bo., iv, 2. "Then Judas appointed certain men to fight against those that were in the fortress (Iv tjj aKp ^Kpav) from pollution Moreover, the hill of the temple that was by the tower (to Spos toC Upod to Trapa ti]v aKpav) he made stronger than it was, and there he dwelt himself with his company" JDo xiii, 49, 50, 52. Simon had the dominion of Gazara, and Bethsura, and " the toiuer," out of which he took all uncleanness. Do., xiv, 7. Spoken of as made by those who were in the city of David in Jenisalem, who had issued out of it, and polluted all about the sanctuary. Do., xiv, 36. When Judas struck olf Nicanor's head, he sent for those that were in "the tower" {rohs €K- TV/9 liigh priest's monument. Wars, v, 11, § 4. ANANEEL— See Haxaneel. ANANIAS — The residence of Ananias, the high priest, burnt, with the Palace of Agrippa and Berenice (in the upper town?), by insurgents under Eleazar. TTnr,?, ii, 17, § G. ANANUS — Monument of tlie high priest Ananus, mentioned in Titus's Cirmmvallation : — From the east he had gone down the hill whicli overhung the ravine near Siloam, and inclining towards the west into the x:d\ey of the Fountain, "he ascended by the monument of the high priest A., and, taking in the mount where Pompey encamped, turned to the north." Wa7-s, v, 12, § 2. ANASTASIS — The church erected by Constantino at the Holy Sepulchre, "a con- spicuous monument of the Anastasis of the Saviour. Euseb. Vita. Const., iii, 40 ; II, 1100. The Greeks surrounded the iilace of the resurrection (ri}? ui/ao-raVews) and of the skull with a wall, heaped earth on it, paved it, and erected a temple of Venus and image. Sozoraen, II, 1, p. 932. The name given to the round cluirch built on the place of the resurrection. Adamn. I, 5. The Church of the Cross and of the A. built at Golgotha or Calvary. Basil Sel. Can., I, 245, Mlgne, 409. The holy church " of the Anastasis of God the Sa\-iour," spoken of by Cyril as that in which he was preaching, and as a proof of the ResuiTection. Cyril, Cat., XIV, 14, p. 842-3. "The A., whence the King of All rose from the down-trodden domiuiuu of death." Spoken of by Soi)hronius as first encountered on his entering Jerusalem, and as apparently distinguished by a "dome (kv/Sov), gi-eat and after the fashion of heaven, four — " .... (MS. imperfect.) Sophronius, .4?(ac., xx, pp. 113, 114. 8 INDEX. ANASTASIS— The holy A., with the Cluirch of the holy Skull, and the house of the Cross, ■which is the mother of the Churches, which were burned, raised on high by Modestus. Antioch. Mon., Epist. ad Eustuchium ; Mhjne, p. 1428. ANGULUS— See Corner. ANXA — A. brought forth Mary in "the holy Probatica." Sophron., Anac, xx, p. 116. AXTONIA — A tower [/3apis] in Jerusalem, called A., mentioned under Aristobulus. Ant, xiii, 11, § 2. Strato's tower between A. and temple. Do. A strong fortress [rs, three 50 cubits high, and that at soutli-cast angle 70 cubits high, with complete view of temple Adjoined the colonnades of the temple, and had passages leading down to both. Long a fortress over the temple. JJo. nVDEX. y ANTONIA— From A., (ho north colonnade of llic tcmiilo, ami in front of the monument of King Alexander, John and his ]iarty fight against Romans. Wars, v, 7, § 3. A monnd thrown up by llonians at the A., o]i[iosite to the middle of the reservoir called Stnithius. Do., v, 11, § 4. The tower of A., with its cousincuous pinnacles, mentioned by Tacitus. I/isl.. ii, 23G. AQU KDl'CT— See Watkk. AQL'ILINA, St., Chapel of — Mentioned in connection with Church or Monas- tery of St. Maiy, at her sepulchre, in the valley of Jehoshaphat. Commem., p. 78. . ARAUNAH— See Ornan. ARMOURY, The Going up to the — Was over against the wall, at " the turning of the wall." Nehem. iii, 19. ASAMONEANS— Built Antonia, and called it Baris. Ant., xv, 11, § 4. Rjivine l)etween Acra and a third hill, filled up by the A., to join city and temple, and Acra levelled. Wars, v, 4, § 1. ASCENT — By which Solomon went up to temple. The sight of it overpowered the Queen of Sheba. 1 King.s, x, 5 ; 2 Chrou. ix, 4. ASHES, The Valley of— Mentioned Jer. xx.xi, 40. ASSYRIANS, Camp of — Station of Titus's camp, after capture of third wall, within it, but out of reach of missiles from second. [Titus occujiied the entire interval as far as the Kedron.] Do., v, 7, § 3. ASTINES — Mentioned as a place in the House of the Sanctuary where the priests keep watch. Middoth., I, 1. ASUPPIM — The house of A. mentioned in the divisions of the porters for the temple gates. 1 Chron. xxvi, 15. See also verse 17, from which it would seem to have been toward the south of the fii-st temple. ATHALIAH — Slain at the way l)y which horses came into the king's house — near the temple. 2 Kings xi, IG. Slain at the iiorse gate, just outside the temple, near the king's Louse. 2 Chron. xxiii, 15. Slain at the gate of the king's mules. Ant., ix, 7, § 3. AZARIAH, The House of— Beside the wall, somewhere between the house of Benjamin and Hashub and the turning of the wall, near the tower that lieth out. Nehem. iii, 23. BAKER'S STREET— See Street. BARIS — A tower [fidpi's] in Jerusalem called Antonia. A^it., xiii, 11, § 2. Mentioned as occupied by Antigonus at siege of Jerusalem by Herod. Do., xiv, 1G,§2. The name given by tlie Asamoneans to the citadel [uKpuroXi^;'], afterwards rebuilt by Herod and called " Antonia." Bo., xv, 11, § 4. 10 IXDEX. BAEIS— A tower [/i'apts] built by Hyrcaniis, near the temple, afterwards repaii'ed by Herod and called Antonia. Ant., xTiii, 4, § 3. Tlie former name of Antonia. Wars, i, 3, § 3 ; and 5, § 4. BEAUTIFUL— Gate of the Temple— See Gates (2) of Temple. BEISTENNOM— See Hinnom. BEXJAMIX, Gate of — See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. BEXJAALIN AND HASHUB, House of — Against the wall, somewhere between house of Eliashib and house of Azariah. Nehem. iii, 23. BETHESDA — A pool [KoXvjijS-i'jOpa] at Jerusalem, Laving fi-ve porches, lieside the sheep (market, or sheep gate) [c-i rp :rpo/3artKj/]. John v, 2. A pool [Ko\vfifii'i6pa'\ at Jerusalem, which is the sheep (pool) [»} T7po[iariKi{\, having of old five porches. Sho\vii now in the double pools, of which the one is supplied by the periodical rains, and the other has reddish water, as they say, from the sacrifices, whence comes its name. Eus. and Jerome., Onom., 112-15. More within the city (than the two large pools at the side of the temple) are double pools (jnscince gemellares) having five porches, which are called Bethsaida. There the sick of many years (standing) were healed. But the.se pools have muddy water of a scaidet colour. Burg. Pilg., 277-8. Had five porches, four round about and the fifth in the middle. Cml, Horn, on Paralytic, % 2, p. 113.3. Antoninus Martyr having from Siloam visited Aceldama, and returning into the city, came to the swimming pool (phcinam natatoriam) which has five porches, and in one of them is a basilica of St. I\Iary. The pool was then tui-ued into a dunghill {redada est in stercore), and all things necessary in the city were washed there. The iron chain with which Judas hung himself kejjt in a dark corner. Going out by the greater [nio/o?-] gate, he came to where St. Initius' body lay. Anton., § 27. From the House of Pilate to the Piscina Probatica is more or less 100 paces. There the Lord cured the paralytic, whose couch is still tliere. Near the Piscina Probatica is a church of Mary. Theod., Paris. XoTE. — III the Loiidou MS., the distance is said to be 100 paces, .iiid the church of St. ilary to be " in the [Piscin.a] Probatica." " Into the holy Probatica I advance Where the illustrious Anna bi-ought forth Mary." Sophrou., Anac, XX, p. IIG. See Mary, Church of. BETHSAIDA— See Bethesda. Many of the MSS. of the Gospel of John read licthsaida for Buthesda, so also 'I"er- tullian, J5e Bapi., cap. v. See Alford on John v. BETJISO — On the line of the first wall, towards the west, between Hippicus and the gate of the Essenes. Wars, v, 4, § 2. BETRAYAL, The Scene of — The stone where .Judas betrayed Christ, nu-ntioncd as to left of one going out of Jerusalem by gate aguinst the east to ascend the Jlouut of Olives. Burg. Pilg., 280. jyD£.X. J J BETRAYAL— In the Viilley of Jchosliapliut, close to wlicre Jiimes was killed, luul to his sepulelire. A church of IMiuy there, where Christ washed the lect of the apostles and supped, four couches there and a cave. Theod. I'aris and Loud. A church over the scene of the betrayal in the valley of Jehosliapliat, clos(! to the sepulchre of Mary, with four round tables of the Lord's Supper. Bernard, 71)0. BETWEEN THE WALLS, Gate-See Gates (1) of Jkrusalem. BEZATIIA— A reading in several MSS. of Eusebius for Bethesda, which see. BEZETHA— The soldiers of Florus, on their way from Cajsarea, drove the uudtitude through the B., to take possession of the teiuple and Antonia. Wars, ii, 15, § 5. Cestius, advancing from Scopus, on the people abandoning the suburbs and retiring iuto the inner city and temple, set fire to B., so named, to the Gumopolis. and to the place called the Timber Market, and, proceeding to the upper town, encamped opposite the royal residence. Do., 19, ,§ 4. The city gradually creeping beyond the ramparts, the peojile, incorporating with it " the quarter north of the temple, close to the hill, made a considerable advance, insomuch that a fourth hill, which is called B., was also surrounded with Jiabita- tions. It lay o-i-er against the Antonia, from which it was separated by a deep fosse, purposely excavated to cut off the communication between the foundations of the Antonia and the liill." Wars, v, 4, § 2. The most recently built quarter, in Greek Cffinojiolis, defended by third wall. JJo. BRIDGE — Between temple and city, broken down by Jews in Pomi)ey's time. Ant xiv •4, § 2 ; Wars, i, 7, § 2. By which Pompey passed into city, (!) broken down. Ant, xiv, 4, § 2. Between temple and upper town, at the western side of outer court of temple, there being a gate in that quarter beyond the Xystu.s. From the temple side of this bridge Titus addressed the Jews who still held the up])er city, after the burning of the temple. Wars, vi, 6, § 2. Of stone, outside the gate of David, which is on the west of Sion ; going out by that gate, and having Sion on the left, this bridge is met witli, raised on arches, and pointing straight across the valley to the south. Half way along and a little to the west is the place where Judas hanged himself. Adamn., i, 16. BROAD WALL— See Walls. BROOK, The-" Nehemiah went up in the night by the brook [xiifxappov], and viewed the wall, anil turned back and entered by the gate of the valley." Nehem. ii, 15. Part of the wall toward the brook [xeiy^appoi], on the east side fallen down. 1 Mac. xii, 37. CAIAPHAS, House of— On Sion, outside the wall, where was the column of the llagella- tion. Burg. Pilg., 279. Its site desolate in the time of Cyril. Cat.' Led., XIII, .38, p. 817. Mentioned, along with the column, immediately after the house of ITczekiah. Innoni. I, ;i 2. 12 ISDEX. CAIAPHAS— Was in time of Theodoi'iis the eliurch of 8t. Peter, and the cohimn which was formerly tliere was then in St. Syon. Theod. Paris. More or less 50 stejis from St. Syon, and more or less 100 steps from Prwtorium of Pilate. jDo. CALVARY— Near the city. John xLx, 20. "Without the gate. Heb. xiii, 12. C. in Golgotha, the centre of the earth. Poem against Marcion, wrowjli/ ascribed to Tertullian, lib. 2; Tert., Til, p. 10G7. An image of Jupiter erected by Hadrian over the place of the passion. Paul- inus, Gretser, II, 48. Covered by an idolatrous temple, Theodoret, I, 18 ; Gretser, II, 52. Constantine directed that a house of prayer should be erected at Jerusalem, at (a/ic^t") the place called [the place] of a skull. Sozomen., II, 1, p. 929. The place of the resurrection and of the skull, enclosed with a wall by the Greeks, n-.ounds of earth heaped on them, and the whole locality ornamented and paved with stone. A temple and statue of Venus erected on same spot. I>o. The Jews report that the ram was sacrificed for Isaac on Golgotha or Cahary. Auth. of Co7n. on St. Mark; Jerome, XI, app. 125. Adam Iniried at Arboc (Arbec), though some suspect he was buried at C. Jerome, Ohouk, 55 ; and Com. in Malt., cap. xxvii, 33 ; VII, 232-3. So called because Adam buried there. Do., Epist. Paidce ei Bust, ad Marc., I, 201. Adam buried at C. Origen, L^'cries Veteris Interpret., Comment, in Jfatlhaum, 126, III, 1777. Said by the " Magistri Hebra;oram" to be the place of the burial of Adam. Athanas., Sermon on the Cross of the Lord, IV, 207. Tradition in the Church that Adam buried at C, which thence took its name. Basil, In Isaiam., cap. 5, v. 1 ; II, 3i8. Adam reported to have been buried at G, whence it took its name. xVugust., Serm. 71 de ton])., V, 1751. Some say Adam died and was buried at C. Chrysostom, I/om. in John, 85 ; VIII, 459. Golgotha, called the place of a skull, because the skull of Adam was said to have been found there, a fact of which Solomon was aware. Basil. Selcuc, Can., I, 245; Migne, p. 409. C. the centre of the earth. Andreas Crctenc, De Exalt. S. Crucis, II, p. 1043. C called Lithostraton. IMacarius, Gretser, II, p. 156. C. called " Vcnerariura," a "jilacc on the side of the north; there besides [was] also Mount Sion, there the Jerusalem which is on earth." "Dominus sccuuduui cocli tractum in venerario pa.ssus est, ipii crat locus in latoie ai[uilonis. Ibiautcm ct Mona Sion, ibi Jerusalem quiu in torris." Ambrose, in Psalmnrn 47, XIV^, 1203. No'rE. — 'J'he reading "in Vcncrariiim" is iloubtrul. Query, " Vcncrat.' INDEX. 13 CAIA'AKY— A (.liuivh Imilt hy Ili'lenii ou C, iu which she jilaceil the Cross. Anonymous, Grclser, II, 423. T'-ailition tluit Ail;\iu Imriod at C. Germanus, Grctscr, II, 2.39. Spokt'ii of as Mount G. George Mityleu, G'reiser, II, pp. 397-8. Adam li\iried at C. Aiiast. Sinait., p. 9-11. Not far from tlie Neapolitan gate- and Pretoriuin of Pilate. Called place of C. or Ciolgotha. Adam buried there. Abraham sacriliced there. A great stone's throw to cast of sepulchre, and 13 paces [pedes] to cast of the Centre of the world. Has on the left the prison where Christ was imprisoned. Innom., I, 2. In the place whore Christ was crucified, the stain of blood seen in the stone. At the side, the altar of Abraham where he was going to ofler Isaac. There, too, Mcleliizedek sacrificed. At the altar is a crc^'icc where yon put your ear, and hear streams of wati;r ; and if you cast in an ajiple, a pear, or anything else which can swim, and go to the fountain of Siloam, there you \\-ill receive it again. Anton., XIX. At C. Abraham offered up Isaac, and made an altar at the foot of the mount which was stony. The ascent to the mount is by steps. Theod., Lond., Paris, and St. dull. It impends over the altai-. Do., Paris. 15 paces to the sepulchre. Do., Paris and St. Gall. It is under one roof. Do., Paris. 15 paces from C. to Golgotha, where tlie cross was found. Do., Paris and St. Gall. The Church of Golgotha (which see) built in the place of C. Adamn., i, G-7. A church in the place where the cross was found, which place is called C. At first it was outside Jerusalem. But Helena, when she found (the jjlace) brought it within Jerusalem (collocnvit ilium locum inlus intra Ilierusalem). Three wooden crosses stand on the eastern side outside the church beside the wall, in memory of the cross of Christ and the two thieves. They are not in the church, but stand outside under a roof. And the garden, in which He was buried, is beside the church. Willib. (Heid.), CW., p. 111. From St. C. to St. Sepulchre, 28 dexteri; from St. C. to where the cross was found, 18 de.xteri; between St. Sepulchre and St. C. and St. Constantinc " illorum tectum ill intiyjruiii hahct in lonr/o dexteros 9G, in adverso 30." Commem., p. 83. Within the citj-, besides other churches, there are consjiicuous four churches, connected with each other by walls ; one to the east, which contains the mount of C. and the place in which the cross of the Lord was found, and is called the Basilica of Constantine; another to the south j a third to the west, in the middle of which is the sepulchre of the Lord. Bernard, 789. A temple and image of Venus built on C. Georg. Hamart, ji. 14. See Cnoss, Place where it was found. .See GouiOTHA. CAPHENATHA — Part of the wall, apparently on the east side towards "the Ijrool:,'' 1 Mac. xii, 37. CAECER- See Prison. 14 IXDEX. CAUSEWAY — Mentioned as at Parbar in tlie first temple. 1 CLron. xxvi, ] 8. CAVE — The cave which gave up the body (of Christ) restored to life, appealed to by Lucian, a presbyter of Antioch, who suffered a.d. 312. Eouth, Eelif/. Sac, IV, G. CAVERNS, Royal — The thuxl wall extended through, or at the distance of, the Eoya Caverns [5ia crmyAai'iuv ^acriAiKwi'], which seem to have been situated somewhere between a point opposite the monuments of Helena and the corner tower, known by the appellation of the Fuller's Tomb. Wars, v, 4, § 2. CEDRON— See Kedkon. CENACULUM— See Supper, Scene of the last. CENOPOLIS — Burnt by Cestius, along with Bezetha and the timber market. Wars, ii, 19, § 4. The most recently built quarter, called Bezetha, — in Greek Cenopoli.s. Do., V 4 S 2 The lower C. mentioned in Titus's wall of circumvallatiou, between the camp of the Assyrians and the Ivedrou. Do., V, 12, § 2. Titus, after storming the second wall (apparently near the central tower, see v, 7, § 4), entered " at that part of the new town (K-auT;* TrdAtws) where were the wool marts, the braziers' shops, and the clothes' market, and where the streets led obliquely to the ramparts." Do., v, 8, § 1. CENTRE OF THE EARTH— Jerusalem, situated in the middle (of the district). Arist., III. Jonisalem lies in the very centre of Jud;ea, for which leasou some ha\c not inaptly styled that city " the navel " of the country. Wars, iii, 3, g 5. Golgotha is the centre of the earth, [medii/m lerrce.] Poem ayainst Jfarcion, wrmiglij allrilmted to TerUdlian, ii, 4; III, 10G7. Calvary the centre of tlu^ earth. Andreas Cretenc. De Exalt S. Cruets, 11, p. 1043. " Golgotha is the vei-y centre of the earth. It is not my woril, but it is a prophet who hath said, 'Thou hast wrought salvation in the middle of the eartli.'" Cyril, Cat. Lect., xiii, 28, p. 805. The place of the cross situated in the middle of the earth. Hilary, In. Malt., cap. xxxiii ; II, pp. 1073-4, Jerusalem placed in the middle of the world, " the navel of the earth." Jerome, Com. ill Ezeeh., cap. v: V, 49. Golgotha is the centre of the earth. Didym. Alex., De Trlnit., I, p. 323. Tliirtecn feet {pedes) from IMount Calvary against the west, with tlie prison where Christ was imprisoned on the left. Innoni., 1, § 2. " The sacred navel of the earth," close to where the stone stood in wliieli the cross was fixed. Soi)hron., Aiiacr., XX, p. 114. A very lofty column in the holy places to the north, standing i]i the centre of the city, on the spot where the dead youtli revived on being touched by the cross. Casts jio shadow at noon in tlie suiiniier solstice, and thei'efore said to stand in centre of the earth. Adunui., I, 12. IXDEX. 15 CENTRE OF TFT R EARTH— Between tlie four leading ehurclies of Jerusalem is a parailiso witiicmt roof, in tlie middle of it the joining {confiduni) of four chains which come from the four churches, at which point is said to bo the centre of the earth. Ikrnard, 790. CESARIUM — One of two \ery spacious and not less beautiful buildings, witli wliich the temple itself bore no comparison, constiiicted by Herod in his residence in the npper town. Wms, i, 21, S 1. CHAINS— From the four principal ehurclu's in Jerusalem meet in a paradise without a roof between these churches, at a spot said to lie the centre of the earth. Bernard, 790, CHAlMBEll— See Cubiculum. CHEESEMAKERS, Valley of— See TYRorffiON. CHRISTOPHER, St., Chapel of — Mentioned in connection with Church or Monastery of St. Mary, at her sepulchre in the valley of Jehoshnphat. Commem., p. 78. CHULDA— See Gates (2) of Temple. CIRCUMVALLATION of Titus— From the camp of the Assyi-Lans it was di-awn to the lower Cenopolis, and thence through the Kedron to the Blount of Olives. Then bending back to the south, it encompassed the Mount as far as the rock called Peristereon and the adjoining hill which overhangs the ravine near Siloam. Hence inclining towards the west, it passed down into the valley of the Fountain, beyond which it ascended by the monument of the high priest Ananus, and taking in the mount where Pompey encamped, turned to the north, proceeding as far as a hamlet called "the house of Erebintlii," passing which it enclosed Herod's monument, and on the east joined the point where it commenced. 39 furlongs in length. Attached to it on the outside were 13 forts whose united circumferences measured 10 furlongs. Built in three days. Wars, v, 12, § 2. CITY, Inner — On the attack of Cestius, the insurgents abandoned the suburbs (or outer city), and retired into the inner city and the temple. Wars, ii, 19, § -i. CITY, Lower — Fii-st taken by David (the Acra holding out), xint., vii, 3, § 1. , David made buildings around it, and having joined the Acra to it, made them one. § 2. The outer court of the temple and the lower city having been taken by Herod and Sosius, the Jews fled to the inner court and the upper city. Ant., xiv, 16, § 2. Called Acra. Wars, i, 1, § 4. In time of Florus held by the insurgents along with the temple, while the npper town was in the hands of the leading men, chief priests. Wars, ii, 1 7, § 5. Great part of lower city, with the upper, held by Simon, when Eleazar held inner courts of temple, and John the outer ; Simon, advancing against Jolni, was below him. Do., v, 1, §^ 2, 3. The hill which supported the lower town was called Acra, and of a gibbous form. Do., v, 4, § 1. ig JXDEX. CITY, Lower— Sepai-ateil from the upper city Ijt the Tyropawii valley, and from another lull naturally lower than it hy a broad ravine filled up by the Asamoneans. Wars, v, 4, § 1. Tha Romans, having driven the brigands from the lower town, after the dcstruo tion of the temple, burned all as far as Siloam. Do., vi, 7, § 2. CITY OF DAVID— The stronghold of Sion first taken by David, the same is tlie city of David. 2 Sam. v, 7 ; 1 Chron. xi, 5. David dwelt in the fort, and called it the city of David. 2 Sam. v, 9 ; 1 Chron. xi, 7. The ark not bi'ought by David to the cit}- of David at first (I Chron. xii, 13), but a place prepared for it there by him {Do., xv, 1), and it subsequent!}' brought up by him from the house of Obed-edom to the city of David. 2 Sam. vi, 12-16; 1 Chron. XV, 29. David buried there. 1 Kings ii, 10. Pharaoh's daughter brought there by Solomon initil ho had made an end of building his own bouse. Do., iii, 1. The ark brought up by Solomon to the temple from the city of Da\id, " which is Sion." Do., viii, 1 ; 2 Chi-on. v, 2. Pharaoh's daughter brought up out of the city of Da^■id unto her house which Solomon had built for her. Do., ix, 2i ; 2 Chron. viii, 11. The breaches of tlie city of David repaired by Solomon. 1 King.s xi, 27. Solomon buried there. Do., •i.3 ; 2 Chron. ix, 31. Ilehoboam do. do. JJo., xiv, 31 ; 2 Chron. xii, IG. Abijam do. do. J)o., xv, S ; Do., xiv, 1, Asa do. do. Do., 21, iu his own sepulchre which he had made. 2 Chron. xvi, U. Jehoshaphat buried there. Do., xvii, 50 ; 2 Chron. xxi, 1. Joram do. do. 2 Kings viii, 2-1, but not iu the scpulclire of the kings. 2 Chron. xvi, 20. » Ahaziah buried there. 2 Kings ix, 28. Jehoiadali, the high priest, buried there. 2 Chron. xxiv, IG. Joash buried there. 2 Kings xii, 21, but not in the sepulchre of ll.c kings. 2 Chron. x.xiv, 2.3. Amaziah biu-icd there. 2 Kings xiv, 20. Azariah do. do. Do., xv, 7. Jotliam do. do, 7)o., 3S ; 2 Chron. xxvii, 0. Ahaz do. do. Do., xvi, 20. [Hezckiah buried in the chiefest of tlie sepidclircs of the sons of David. 2 Chron. x.xxii, 33.] iMillo, in tlic city of David, repaired l>y Jfezekiah. 2 t'lirou. xxxii, 5. The upper watercourse of Gilion stopped by Jlczekiali :ind lirought straight down to the west side of the city of David. Do., xxxii, 30. IXDEX. 17 CITY OF DAVID— Miuiassch built a wall without the city of Da\ iil, on the west sitlo of Gihou, ia the valley, even to the entering in at the Huh gate, and compassed about Ophel. 2 Chion. xxxiii, 14. The wall at the stairs that g(i down from the city of David, spoken of as repaired by the same party who repaired the wall of the pool of Siloah by the king's garden. Nehem. iii, l.">. The party consecrating the walls at the fountain gate, which was over against them, went up by the stairs of the city of David, at the going up of the wall, above the house of David, even unto the water gate eastward. Nehem. xii, 37. Antiochus having taken Jerusalem and burned it, built the city of David with a strong wall and with mighty towers, and made it a stronghold. 1 Jlac. i, 33. For it was a place to lie in wait against the sanctuary. i<. 30. A tower built by those who dwelt in the city of David, out of which they issued, and polluted the sanctuary, and did nuich Inu-t in the holy place. Do., xiv, 30. Term applied by Luke to Bethlehem. Luke iv, 4-11. When Da^•id had cast the Jebusites out of the A era, he also rebuilt Jerusalem, and named it the city of David, and abode there all the time of his reign. Ant., vii, 3, § 2. CITY, Upper — The outer court of the temple and the lower city having been taken by Herod and Sosius, the Jews fled to the inner court and the upper city. Aiif., xiv, IG, § 2. Judas, having expelled the troops from the upper city, drove them into the lower, which was called Acra. Wars, i, 1, § 4. Agi-ippa, in the time of Florus, convened the people in the Xystus, and having placed his sister Berenice in a conspicuous position on the house of the Asamonean family, which was above the Xystus, on the opposite side of the uj^per city, where a bridge connected the temple with the Xystus, addressed the Jews. Do., ii, 10, § 3. The hill on which it stood was mucli higher than that which bore the name of Acra, and supported the lower town — and straighter in its length — and was divided from it by an intervenmg valley, at which the rows of houses terminated. This valley, called the Tyrojirean, extended as far as Siloani. On account of its strength, the hill (on which the upper city stood) was called the fortress [poviHov] of David, but by the Jews [of Josephus' time] the Upper Market Place. Do., V, 4, § 1. Tlie upjier town liad its own fortress — Herod's palace. Do., v, 5, § S. Embankments raised by Titus at John's monument, with the view of carrying the upper city, and the temj)le through it ; for unless the temple were secured, the city could not be retained without dangei-. Tlie Jews, defending the upjier town, occupied the higher ground. Do., v, 9, § 2. 18 IXDEX. CITY, Upper- Titus, after the taking of tlie temple, wishing to address the Jews (in the iqiper city), took his stand on the western side of the outer court of the temple ; thei'e being a gate in that quarter beyond the Xj'stus, and a bridge which connected the upper town with the temple. Wars, vi, G, § 2. CLOISTERS— See Colonnades. COLONNADES — The Eoyal Colonnade {/BacriXiKi) oroa) in Herod's temple, like the whole structure, much lower on each side. Ayit., xvi, 11, § 3. The centre temple encompassed by Herod with very large colonnades, having a due proportion thereto, beyond what had gone before in expense and ornament. A large wall to both (u/lk/xo) the colonnades, the most prodigious work ever heai-d of by man. Do., xvi, 11, § 3. Within the wall of the temple hill was another wall with a double colonnade on the •east of equal length, which looked to the gates of the temple, and had been adorned by many kings in foimer times. Do. The foiu-th part of the temple, which was southward, had the royal colonnades reaching from the east valley to that in the west, and better deserving to be men- tioned than any other under the sun. Of such heiglit above the valley, that if one looked do\ra from the toji of the battlements he would be giddy, and his sight could not reach to such a depth. Had five rows of pillars all along, the fifth in the wall; each pillar took three men to clasp it — their height 27 feet, then- number 1G2 — their capitals Corinthian. Three intervals for walking between the two sides were 30 feet broad, a furlong long, and 50 feet high — the middle one one and a half times the breadth of the others and twice the height. Do., § 5. The cloisters which encomjiassed the outer court of the temple burnt in the revolt against SabiniLS. Do., xvii, 10, § 2. The Romans kept guards at the festivals in the western cloisters tliat Ijelonged to the outer court of the temple. Do., xx, 8, § 11. The Jews endeavoured to persuade Agrippa to rebuild the eastern colonnade. Tliis belonged to the outer temple, overhung a deep valley, with walls of 400 cubits, and veiy white squai-ed stones each 20 cubits long and G high — the works of Solomon. But Agrippa refused. Do., xx, 9, g 7. In the time of Floi-us, the insurgents, fearing that through the Antonia he would possess himself of the tem])le, invested the colonnades which connected the two buildings, and cut off the communication. Warii, ii, 1.5, § 6. The colonnades between the temple and Antonia rebuilt by the Jews under Agrippa. Do., ii, 17, g 1, comp. with ii, IG, s^ 1. The Jews attacked Ccstius from the colonnades, when he nunle an assault on the temple from the north. Do., 19, § 5. The fii-st wall tei-minated at one end at the western colonnade of the temple, and at the other, extcnduig to a certain spot named Ophla, at the eastern colonnade of the temple. Do., v, 4, § 2. ISDL'X. 19 COLONNADES— Solomon, liaving coini)lotely wallcil uj) the eastern sule of toniplo hill, built a colonnade in the embankment. On the other sides, the sanctuary remained exposed. JFars, V, 5, § 1. In Josephus's time, the colonnades, double throughout, were supported by pillars 25 cubits high, each a single block of marble; ceilings of cedar. They were 30 cubits broad, and their entire circuit, including the Antonia, measured 6 furlongs. Do., § 2. After the first wall was taken by Titus, John and his party fought against the Romans from the Antonia, from the west colonnade of the temple, and hi front of the monument of King Alexander. Do., v, 7, § 3. To cut ofl' the war from the temple, the Jews set fire to that part of the north- western colonnade connected with the Antonia, and subsequently brake off about 20 cubits. Two days after, the Romans set fire to the adjoining colonnade, and the flames having advanced 15 cubits farther, the Jews cut away the roof, severing the connection with Antonia. Do., vi, 2, § 9. Five days after, they set fire to the whole range of the western colonnades, which were burnt down to the tower which John erected above the gate that led out beyond the Xystus, and the remainder was demolished by the Jews. Next day the Romans burnt down the whole of the western colonnade as far as the eastern, the connecting angle of which was built over the ravine called Kedron, where also the depth at that point was terrific. Do., 3, §§ 1, 2. COLUMN — Or pillar of St. Cosmas, near Siloam. Cyril Scyth., p. 33i. In memory of St. James. — See James. A very lofty column in the holy place, to the north, standing in the centre of the city, on the spot where the dead youth revived on being touched by the cross. Casts no shadow at noon in the summer solstice ; and therefore said to stand on the centre of the earth. Adamn., i, 12. A gi-eat column before a gate of the city, with a cross on the summit, ■where tlie Jews wished to seize the body of the Virgin. Willib. (Ileid.) ; Can., II, 112. COLUMN OF FLAGELLATION— See Flagellation. CONSTANTINE, Chm-ch of St. — Spoken of in connection with the St. Sepidchre and St. Calvary. " Inter sanctum sepulchrum et sanctum Calvarium et sanctum Constan- tinum, illorum tectum in integi-um habet in longo dexteros 9G, in adverse 30." Commem., p. 83. The churches of Constantino, of the Skull, and of the Sepulchre, destroyed by fire by Cesra (Chosroes). Eutychius, Li, 213. And built up by Modestus in the form that now exists. Do., p. 218. COSMAS, ST.— See Column. COSMAS AND DAMIAN, SS., Chapel of — Mentioned m connection with Church or ^Monastery of St. John, in or near Jerusalem. Commem., p. 79. CORNER GATE— See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. 20 JXDEX. CORNER, Going up of the — Somewhere between the gate Miphkad and the sheep gate. Nehem. iii, 32. CORNER OF VERY HIGH TOWER where Christ was tempted-Sccu by Bur- gundy Pilgi-im, near palace of Solomon. Burg. Pilg., 279. CORNER OF WALL— At " turning of the wall," between the house of Azariah and Ophel, near " the tower that lieth out from the king's high liouse, that was by the court of the prison." Nehem. iii, 24. CORNER STONE referred to by Christ — Seen by Burgundy Pilgrim near palace of Solomon. Burg. Pil., 278. CORNER TOWER— See Towkks. COUNCIL HOUSE — In the line of the first wall, which was joined to it at the Xystus, or between the Xystus and the western colonnade of the temple. ]Va):% v, 4, § 2. Burnt along with the residence of the magistrates (apxiiov), the Acra and the place called Ophla, before the \ippor city •^^■as taken. Do., VI, 6, § 3. CROSS, House of the — Eaisetl on high by Modestus, after having been burned Mith fire. Antioch. Mon., Epist. ad Enstathium ; Migne, ]}. 1428. CROSS, Place where it was Found — 50 paces (gresszis) from Golgotha. Anton, ilartyr, 20. 15 paces (jjosmts) from Calvary to Golgotha, where the cross of the Lord was found. Theod., Paris. Cross found at Golgotha. Bo., Load. Seen by Sojihronius after the stone where the cross was found, and tlic " navel of the earth." Sophron., y/H«cr., XX, p. 114. A church iu the place where the cross was found, which place is called Calvary. Willib. (Held.), Can., II, 111. From place where cross was found to St. Calvary, 18 de.\teri. C'oinmcm., p. 83. Among four conspicuous churches, connected with each other by walls, is one to the east, which contains the mount of Calvary, and the place w Ik re the cross was found, and is called the Basilica of Constantine. Bernard, 789. An image of Venus, on the spot where the cross was found. Uulinus, JJisL, 7 ; Gretser, II, 5 1 . Temples ([ihiral) built by Helena at the place where the cross was found. Theodoret, Hist., I, 18; G reiser, II, 53. The plac(? of our Lord's cross outside the gate is now seen inside (through the reconstruction of the city by Hadrian). Nicolaus, ]>. 1012. CROSS, Stone in which it was Fixed — The stone in which the cross was li.ved close U) "the navel of the earth." Sophron., y/ijoo'., XX, ]>. 114. CROSS, Wood of the — Cross preserved iu the Basilica built in the jilai-r uf tlic Passion. Piiulinus, Gretser, II, 49-50. Seen by Antoninus Martyr in a chanibcr iu the coin-t of ihe churcli of Constan- tine, wjiicji surrounds the tonilj ; of (Ik^ wood of a nul (ice. .\uton., J; 20. A j)0rtion of the cross left by lIcliMia in the church near the s-c)iuli-lirc, which she named the New Jeru.salein. Socrates, I, 17, p. 120. jyoEx. 21 CROSS, Wood of the— Tlic larger jiart of it left by Helena at Jenisalciii. Sozoinon, 11, 1, p. 933. Part of the cross enclosed in a covering of silwr and committed to the care of the Bishop of Jerusalem by Helena. Theodorot, 1, 18 ; G reiser, II, 53. Cross shown in Jerusalem at the feast of the finding of the Holy Cross, on the seventeenth calends of October. Thcod., Paris. Carried away to the cuuntry of tin; Partliians by the Modes under Chosroes. Soi)hron., Anacr., XVllI, p. 108. Placed by Helena in a church she built on Cahary. Anonymous, Gretscr, II, 423. CRYPT— Where Solomon tortured demons, shown in Jerusalem somewhere between Bethesda and the stone of the corner. Burg. Pilg., 278. CUBIC ULUM— Many cubieula where Solomon had his palace, at the lu^ad of the angle, and under the pinnacle of the temi)le. Burg. Pilg., 278. One covered with one stone, where Salomon wrote his Book of Wisdom, in same phice as above. Do. One made out of one stone, where Solomon wrote his Book of Wisdom, near or in the teiiij>le. Innom., I, § 2. One ill the court of the church surrounding the sejjulchre, where the wood of the cross is deposited. Anton., § 20. UAVIl), City of — See City of David. DAVID, Gate of— See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. DAVID, House of— The going up of the wall abo\e the house of Da\ id was at the stiiirs of the city of David, near the fountain gate. Nehem. xii, 37. DAVID, Palace of—" Inside, within the wall of Sion, the place appears where David had his palace. Of seven synagogues which were there, only one has remained." Burg. Pilg., 279. DAVID, Sepulchre of— In the city of David. 1 Kings ii, 10. Somewhere between Siloam and the stairs that went down from the city of David on the one hand, and the pool that was made and the house of the mighty on the otlier. Nehem. iii, 10. E.xisting m the time of St. Peter. Acts ii, 29. Great wealth buried with him. HjTcanus, 1300 years after, oi)encd one room in the sepulchre, and took out 3,000 talents ; and Heroil afterwards opened another, and took out more money. But neither came to the coffins of the kings themselves. A III., vii, 15, 3. Opened by Hyrcanus, and 3,000 talents taken. Do., xiii, 8, 4. Opened by Herod, and furniture of gold and precious jewels taken, when, two of the guards being slain by fire, the attempt was abandoned, and a propitiatory monu- ment built at the mouth of the sepulchre. Do., .\vi, 7, 1. Tlie tomb of David (momtmenlnm), shown at Bethlehem in the time of the Bur- gundy Pilgrim. Burg. Pilg., 28.'. 22 IXDEX. DATID, Sepulchre of— Existing iu the time of Jerome. Jerome, Epist. Pauhe et East, ad Marcel., I, 208. Yet both Jerome and Eusebius speak of it as at Betlileliem. Onomant., pp, 114, 115. Buried at Bethlehem. Anton. Mart., § 29. DAVID, Tower of— See Tower of David. DEAD BODIES, Yalley of—" The whole valley of the dead bodies, and of the ashes, and all the fields unto the brook Kedron, unto the corner of the horse gate unto the east, shall be holy unto the Lord ; it shall not be plucked up, nor thrown down any more for ever." Jer. xxxi, 40. DITCH — A double ditch, deep and broad, cut by Antiochus, apparently outside the north part of the wall of the city, when besieging Hp-canus iu Jerusalem. Ant., xiii, 8, g 1. A ditch on the north part of the second temple which impeded the progress of Pompey. It was of immense depth, and but partially filled up by him. Do., y.\x, 4, § 2 ; Wars, i, 7, § 3. DOMETIUS, St., Chapel of — Mentioned in connection witli Chinch or IMonastery of St. Mary, at her sepulchre in valley of Jehoshaphat. Commem., p. 78. DRAGON WELL — Nehemiah " went out by night by the gate of the valley, even before the di-agon well." Nehem. ii, 13. DUNG POET — Between the valley gate and the gate of the foiuitain. Nehem. ii, 13; iii, 1 3. EAST GATE— See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. EAST, Gate against the — See Do. EASTERN Gate of (3rd) Temple— See Gates (2) of Temple. EAST STREET— See Street. ELIASHIB, The High Pi-iest, House of — The door of this house appears to have abutted against the wall, between the turning of i\\c wall over against the going up to the armoiuy and the portion of the wall over against the house of Benjamin and Hashub. Nehem. iii, 20-23. ELISHA, Monastery of the Mountain of — See Monastery. ENNOM, Valley of— See Hinnosi. EPHRAIM, Gate of — See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. EPHRAIM, Street of— See Street. EREBINTHI, House of — A hamlet called " the house of the Erebinthi," mentioned in Titus's circumvallation, to the north of the mount where Pompey encamped between it and Herod's monument. Wars, v, 12, g 2. ESSENES, Gate of the — See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. EXEDRA— See Seat. EXERCISE, A Place of — Built liy Jason " under tlie town itself," for training up youths in the fashions of the heathen. 2 Mac. iv, 0, 1 2. EUDOXIA — This empress added walls in the city, and erected the chui-ch and tomb of St. Stcjihen, and her own tomb, which was C paces (r/ressus) from that of St. StojilK'n. Anton., § 25. INDEX. 23 EUDOXIA— Koiiewed tlio lioly wall of Jerusalem, aiul Imilt her sepulchre there. Fragm. Hist. Tusc, IX, p. 1813. Buried in the eliurch of St. Stephen, a largo anil beautiful structure built by her on tlie spot where ho was stoned, one stadium from Jerusalem. Niceph., XIV, 50, p. 772. Buried in the church of St. Stephen, conspicuous for splendour and beauty, ei-ected by lier about a stadium from Jerusalem. Evagiius, I, 27, ]). 280. FIRST GATE— See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. FISH GATE— See Do. FISH PONDS— See Piscin.e. FLAGELLATION, Column of the — Close to, or in the house of Caiaphas. Burg. Pilg., 279. St. Paula, having ascended Sion, was shown a column supporting the porch of a church, stained with the blood of the Lord, to which he was said to have been bound when scourged. Jerome, Ejiis. ad Eiislach., I, GD7. Mentioned by Gregory of Tours. De Glor. Mart., I, 7, p. 10. Seen by Antoninus Martp* in the Church of Sion. § 22. Another column of m.irble, " to which our Lord was first led to be scourged," said by him to stand in the middle of the way to Joppa, not far from the city, to which place it had been earned in a cloud. Had no base, but stands in the gi-ound and is movable. On the top of it an iron cross. Aiiton., § 25. Was formerly in the house of Caiaphas, but it is now in St. Syon. It followed by the command of the Lord, and bears the impression of his features as if in wax. Theod., Paris and Zand. Outside the Basilicon of Sion. Adamn., i, 18. FORTRESS (dK/ja)- See Acra. (aKpoTToXis) — See Acropolis. {/Bdpis) — See Baris. {povpiov). The wife and children of Aiistobulus, taken into custody and kept in the fortress over above the temple (to vvrip tov lepov (fipovpiov). Ant., xiii, 16, § 5. (The same fortress spoken of as " the acropolis " in Do., xiv, 1, § 2.) The term applied to Autonia built by Herod. Do., xv, 8, § 5. The hill on which the upper town was situated, called, on account of its strength, "the fortress" by David, but in the time of Josephus, "the upper market-place." Wars,v,i,%\. FORUM— See Market. FOUNDATION, Gate of— See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. FOUNTAIN, Gate of— See Do. FOUNTAIN, The (Tnjyij) — Held by Simon at the commencement of the siege ; as also the Acra, "which was the lower to^Ti, with the iiitenal as fiir as the palace of Helena." Wars, V, 6, g 1. 24 INDEX. FOUNTAIN, Valley of the (>} n]s "T/'l* 4>'-'-P°-y^) — Mentioned in the circumvallation of Titus, between the hill overhanging the ravine near Siloam, and the monument of the high priest Ananus. IFars, v, 12, § 2. FOUNTAIN OF ELISHA, Monastery of— See Monastery. FULLER'S FIELD — The messengers to Hezekiah from the king of Assyria, who started from Lachish (on the S.W. of Jerusalem),* came to Jerusalem, and " stood by tlie conduit of the upper pool, which is in the highway of the fuller's field." 2 Kings x\-Lii, 17; Isaiah, xxxvi, 2. (Evidently close to the walls of the city, Eliakim and Shebna being afraid lest the words of the messengers of the king of Assyria should be heard by " the people that were on the wall," to whom thereafter the messengers spoke with a loud voice.) Isaiah commanded to meet Ahaz " at the end of the conduit of the upper pool in the highway of the fuller's field." Isaiah vii, 3. Shown in the suburbs of Jenisalem. Eus. ct Jer., Onom., 12-13. FULLER'S POOL— The place called Thapeth {ed4>eO, Tafelh), in the suburbs of .-Elia, was near the fuller's pool and the field of Aceldama. Eus. et Jer., Onom., 21G-7. FULLER'S TOMB — Near the thii-d wall, where it was inflected at the corner tower, between the royal caverns and the valley called KecU-on. Wars, v, 4, § 2. FULLER'S VILLA, Gate of the- See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. FURNACES, Tower of the— See Tower. GABBATHA — Or pavement, where was the judgment seat. John xix, 13. Existing in the liouse of Pilate, and called XidutTTparoi: Cyril, C'at. on Parahjt., § 12, p. 1145. " Lithosti-aton, that is, the place strewn over with stones, is the place of Calvary, whose summit the blood of the Saviour Jesus, God and man, being poured out, sprinkled." Macarius, Gretser, II, p. 15G. GALILEAN GATE— Sec Gates (1) of Jerusale.m. GAREB—" Behold, the days come, saith the Lord, that the city shall bo built to the Lord from the tower of Hananeel to the town of the corner. And the measuring line shall yet go forth over against it upon the hill G., and shall comjiass abo\it to Goath." Jer. xxxi, 38-9. GARDEN — "In the place where Christ was crucified there was a garden, and in the garden a new sepulchre, whendn was never man yet laid." .lolni xix. 1 1. GARDEN, King's — See Kino's Garden. GATES— (1) Of Jerusalem. 1. Benjamin, Gate of — Jeremiah put in " tlu; stocks that were in the hinh gate of Benjamin, which was by the house of the liOrd." Jer. xx, 2. Jeremiah going from Jerusalem to Ihc laud of Benjamin, passed tlirough the gate of B. Do., xxxvii, 12, 13. * I5iit see Mr. Grote'H argument {Oht. of B'Me, voce '• I'ullti'a Ficlil ") that they iipiroaoliccl Jerusalem from the north. INDEX. 25 GATES (1) of Jerusalem— Mentioned. Jer. .\xx\iii, 7. Mentioned as on tlie east side of the future Jerusalem. Ezek. xl\ iii, 32. "All the laiul shall be turned as a plain from Geba to Einimon south of Jerusalem : and it shall be lifted up, and inliabited in her place, from Benjamin's gate unto tljo plaec of the first gate, unto the corner gate, and from the town of Hauaneel unto the king's winepresses." Zech. xiv, in. The exit to the Jordan was by tlio gate of 15. Theod. Paris and Lond. And to Jericho. Do., Loud. The gate by which Christ entered Jerusalem, riding on an ass. Do. , Paris a nd Loud. The fourth gate of the city, mentioned by Arculjili, between St. Stephen's gate, and a portal leading to the valley of Jehosliaphat. Adamn., i, 1. 2. Between tue Two Walls, Gate—" The men of war fled by niglit by tlie way of the gate between two walls, which is by the king's garden . . . and the king went the way toward the plain." 2 Kings xxv, 4. " When Zedekiah the king of Judah saw them, anil all the men of war, then they fled, and went forth out of the city by night, by the way of the king's garden, by the gate bctwLxt the two walls : and he went out the way of the plain." Jer. xxxix, 4. (Evidently a considerable distance from the middle gate. See 2 Kings v. 3.) " All the men of war fled, and went forth out of tho city by night by the way of the gate between the two walls, which was by the king's garden; . . . they went by the way of the plain." Jer. Iii, 7. 3. CoKNER Gate— 400 cubits from the gate of Ephraim. 2 Kings xiv, 13 • 2 Chron. xxv, 23. Towers built by Uzziah at C. gate. 2 Chron. xxvi, 9. Spoken of in prophetic vision as at the other extremity of the city from tlie tower of Hananeel. Jer. xxxi, 38. Spoken of in projihetic vision as at the otlier extremity of the city from Benjamin's gate, and somewhere near the first gate. Zech. xi\-, 10. 4. David, Gate of— On the west of Mount Zion— the first mentioned by Arculph. Adamn., i, 1. It " adjoins the gentle slope of Mount Zion, on the western side." Going out of the city by it, and having Mount Zion next on the left, we come to a stone bridge in arches, pointing straight across the valley to the south, half way along which to the west is the place where Judas hanged himself. Do., i, 16. 5. Dung Port— Between the valley gate and the gate of the fountain. Nehem. ii, 13. And apparently 1,000 cubits from the former. Do., iii, 13-15. Be- tween the prison gate and the fountain gate. Do., xii, 31, 37, 39. 6. East Gate— A portion of the wall of Jerusalem, adjoining the portion over against Zadoc's house, repaired by Shemaiah the keeper of the east gate. Nehem. iii, 29. Jeremiah summoned to " go forth unto the valley of Ilinnom, which is by the 26 jyDEX. GATES (1) of Jerusalem — entry of the east gate." Jer. xix, 2. Called in the Sept. the Gate of C'harsith 7. East, Gate against the — Those who go from Jenisixlem to tlie gate against the east, in order to ascend the Mount of Olives, have the valley of Josaphath on the left. Biu-g. Pilg., 280. 8. Ephraim, Gate of — -100 culnts from tlie corner gate. 2 Kings xiv, 13 : 2 Chron. xxv, 23. Booths made by the people, " every one upon the roof of his house, and in their courts, and in the courts of the house of God, and in the street of the water gate, ajid in the street of the gate of Ephraim." Nehem. viii, 16. Apparently between the broad wall and the old gate. Do., xii, 39. 9. EssEXES, Gate of the — The first wall, after having (towards the west) stretched through Bethso, turned at the gate of the Essenes, and advanced, with a southern aspect, above the fountain of SUoam. Ant., v, 4, § 2. 10. First Gate — "All the land .... shall be lifted up, and inliahited in her place, from Benjamin's gate unto the place of the first gate, unto the corner gate." Zech. xiv, 10. 11. Fish Gate — Manasseh "built a wall -without the city of Da-\id, on the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entering in at the fish gate, and compassed about Ophel." 2 Chi-on. xxxiii, 14. Somewhere between the tower of Hananeel and the old gate. Neheni. iii, 1-6 ; xii, 39. " There shall be the noise of a cry from the fish gate, and an howling from the second (gate)." Zeph. i, 10. 12. Fountain Gate — Somewhere between the dung port and the king's pool. Nehem. ii, 13, 14. Between the dung port and the place over against the sepulchres of Da^•id ; and near the wall of the pool of Siloah by the king's garden, and the .stairs that go down from the city of David. Do., iii, 1-1-16. Between the dung port and the water gate castwai'd, and appai'ently close to the staii's of the city of David, at the going up of the wall, above the house of David. Do., xii, 31-37. 13. Fuller's Villa, or Valley (?), Gate of — The second mentioned by Ai-culjili, between the gate of David, on the west of ISIount Zion, and the gate of St. Stephen (proceeding in a circuit northwards). Adamn., i, 1. 14. Galilean Gate — Stephen stoned outside of it, wheio is his church built by Tlieodosia. Thcod., Paris, Loud. 15. Gennatu Gate — In the line of the first wall and whence the second wall stai-ted. Wars, v, 4, § 2. IG. GoLDKN Gate — Standing at it one could see some distance Liito the country. Apoc. diixp. P.ir.iiiln }faltheiv, cai). iii, p. 22. INDEX. 27 OATES (1) of Jerusalem— So called because plated witli gold. Apoc. Gosp. iVativ. of Mary, cap. iv, j). 5G ; ineiitioned also iii cap. iii, p. 55. (Note. — This may li.ive been a temple gate. ) 17. IIiPi'icus, Gate by which Water was introduced into — Not far from Jolm's iiionument. Wars, v, 7, § 3. 18. Hii'i'icus, Gate neai- — Spoken of as scarcely discernible, but throuffh which the Jews made a fierce sally against the Romans, l)cforo the taking of the third wall. Do., V, 6, S 5. I'J. House Gate — Apparently so called because by it horses came into the king's house. 2 Kings xi, 16. Just outside the temple, beside the king's house, where Athaliali was slain. 2 Chron. xxiii, 14, 15. Between the place over against the great tower that licth out and the beginning of the wall of Ophel on one side, and the place over against the house of Zadoc on the other. Nehem. iii, 27-29. "All the fields unto the Ijrook of Kcdron, unto the corner of the horse gate toward the east, shall be holy unto the Lord." Jer. x.vxi, 40. 20. Jekemi.\h, Gate near the Pool into whicli J. was thrown — An ancient gate of the city, from which there is a descent to Siloam by many steps. Anton., g 24. 21. JosuuA, The Governor of the City, Gate of — Had "the high places of the gates " on the left hand as you entered. 2 Kings xxiii, 8. 22. " Major " Gate — Appai-ently near the swimming pool, with five porches, in one of which was a chm-ch of St. Mary. Going out by it you come to the tomb of St. Isitius. Ajiton., §27. 2.3. ^Middle Gate — Evidently a considerable distance from the gate between the two walls. Jer. xxxix, 3; see v. 4. 24. MiPHKAD — Between the horse gate (and the east gate 1) on the one hand, and the (going up of the corner? and the) sheep gate on the other. Nehem. iii, 28-32. 24ft. Mules, Gate of King's — Athaliah slain here. ^ln<., ix, 7, § 3. See House Gate. 25. Neapolitan {Porta NeapoUtana) — A traveller to it, going outside the wall from Sion, has on his right, dowu below in the valley, the site of the Pra?toriuni of Pilate, and on his left Golgotha. Burg. Pilg., 279. " At the Neapolitan gate is the Pra3toiium of PUatc." Innoui., i, § 2. 26. Old — Somewhere between the fish gate on the one hand, and " the throne of the governor on this side the river," the broad wall, " the other piece," the tower of the furnaces, and the valley gate on the other. Nehem. iii, 3-13. Apparently between the gate of Ephraim and the fish gate. Do., xii, 39. 27. Portula — A small gate leading to the valley of Jehoshaphat mentioned by Arculph, between the gate of Benjamin and the gate Thecuitis. Adamn., i, 1. 28. Prison — Near the sheep gate, and on the other side of it apparently from the fi.sh gate, and the towei-s of Hanancei and Meah. Nehem. xii, 39. 28 ISDEX. GATES (1) of Jerusalem— 29. Second Gate — " There shall be the noise of a cry from the fish gate, and an howling from the second." Zeph. i, 10. 30. Sheep Gate (-I'Avj -pofSaTiK-,], Sept.) — Apparently Letween the towers Meah and Hananeel on the one hand, and the gate Miphkad and the " going \ip of the corner" on the other. Nehem. iii, 1, 31, 32. Apparently between the tower of Meah and the prison gate. Do., xii, 39. 31. Stephen, Gate of — "Is on the road which looks to the west, which descends to Joppa and Ca^sarea Palestinas, or the city of Diospelcs." Anton., § 25. The third mentioned by Arculph, between that of the fuller's ^illa and the gate of Benjamin. Adamn., i, 1. L'rbieius, taking a stone from the road to Bethlehem to Constantinople, passed by this gate, which was apparently on the further side of the sepulchre of the Lord than the Bethlehem road. Theod., Paris. K'oTE. — In the Loudon MS. tlie name of the gate is illegible. 32. Thecuitis — The sixth mentioned by Arculph, after the little gate leading to the valley of Jehoshaphat. Adamn., i, 1. 33. Upper Gate— Spoken of as belonging to the first wall. Wars, v, 8, g 1. 3i. A'alley Gate — Towers built by TJzziah " at the corner gate, and at the valley gate, and at the turning of the wall." 2 Chron. xxvi, 9. Nehemiah "went out by night by the gate of the valley, even before the dragon well and to the dung port, and viewed the walls," and returned by the valley gate again. Nehem. ii, 13, 15. Between the tower of the furnaces and the dung gate, and apparently 1,000 cubits from the latter. Do., iii, 11-13. 35. Water Gate — Towards the cast, in or near Ophel, and near the tower that licth out. Nehoni. iii, 2G. Had a street before it. Do., viii, 1, 3, IG. Apparently near the temple and the gate of Ephraim. Do., viii, IG. One of the parties at the dedication of the walls went up at the fountain gate, " by the stairs of the city of David, at the going \\y of the wall above the house of David, even unto the water gate eastward." ])o., xii, 37. Six gates of Jerusalem named by Arculph. "The gate of David in the western part of Mount Zion is first named in order; second, the gate of the fuller's villa (or valley) ; third, the gate of St. Stephen ; fourth, the gate of Benjamin ; fifth, a portal, that is, a small gate; from this, by steps, there is a descent to the valley of Josaphat; sixth, the gate Thecuitis. Adamn., i, 1. Jenisalem has " six larger gates, besides posterns." Theod. Paris. " . . . . six gates, besides posterns." Do., Lowl. ". . . . twelve gates, besides posterns." Do., St. G'^ll. /.VDEX. 29 (!ATES (1) of Jerusalem— A gate tlnwigli wliiuli the angel led Peter, of iron, and to soutli of the tomi)le of Solomon. Bernard, 790. A triple portico all surrounded with gems, somewhere between the Anastasis and the place of a skull. Sophron., Anac, xx, 114. GATES— (2) 0/ the Temple. (a) 0/ First Temple. Beiiixd the Ouakp, Gate — The guard wateliing over the king's hou.sc were distributed by Jehoiada, one tliird at tlie house, one third at the gate of Sur, and one third at the gate behind the guard. 2 Kings xi, 5, G. On the way from the temple to the king's house. Do., xi, ID. Evidently the same as the "high gate." Compare 2 Kings xi, 10, and 2 Chron. xxiii, 20. East Gate— Mentioned Ezek. x, 19; xi, 1. FouN-DATiON, Gate of the— Itfentioned, and apparently near the king's house. 2 Chron. xxiii, 5. Guard, Gate behind the — See Behind tue Guard. High Gate — Sec Do. Built by Jotham. 2 Kings xv, 35; 2 Chron. xxvii, 3. New Gate — Mentioned, and apparently near the king's house, Jer. xxvi, 1 0. Had the higher court at its entry. Do., xxxvi, 10. Sur, Gate of — Mentioned in connection with the king's house and gate behind the guard — (see the latter). 2 Kings xi, 29. Shallecheth, Gate of— Westward, by the causeway of the going up, 2 Chroa xxvi, 16. (6) Of Third or IleroJ's Temple. Beautiful Gate (Porta Speciosa)— Scene of the first miracle of Peter and John. Acts iii, 2. Spoken of as still remaining by Prudentius. Ditlochccum, 4G, Minne ■ LX, 110. Threshold and beams of it still standing ; it adjoined the gate of the city which led by way of steps to the valley of Jchoshaphat. Anton., § 17. Eastern Gate (of Inner Temple)— A secret passage led from it to Antonia, and had a tower built over it by Herod. Ant., xv, 11, § 7. Chulda— Two gates in the circuit of the temple so called, on the south. Middoth, i, 3. Kiponas— A gate on the west, in the circuit of the temple. Do., i, 3. Teri— A gate on the north, in the circuit of the temple, for no use. Do., i, 3. Susan— A gate on the east, in the circuit of the temple, by which the priest looked out when he burned the heifci-. Had impressed on it tlie figure of the city Susan. Do., i, 3. 30 IXDEX. GATES (2) of Temple, (h) of Third or Herod's Temple— Tbii'teen gates of temple mentioned, as follows : — South ipeginning from west) — Porta superior. Gate of burning. Gate of first born. Gate of waters. Nm-th {beginning from west) — Gate of Jeremiah, by wMcli Jeremiah went out in his captivity. Gate of oblation. Gate of women. Gate of song. East — Gate of Nicanor, with two little doors. West— Two gates without a name. iMiddoth, ii, (3. On the east quarter the cloister looked to the gates of the temple. Four gates in the western quarter of the enclosure of temple. 1. Leading to king's palace, and to a passage over the intermediate valley. 2 and 3. To the suburbs of the city. 4. To the other city where the road descended down into the valley by a great number of steps, and thence up again by the ascent. The fourth part, which was southward, had gates m its middle. The inner inclosui-e had in its noi-theni and southern quarters 3 gates (equally) distant from each other, and one large gate in the cast. Aid., xv, 11, g 5. Five gates of the circuit of the temple, lliddoth, 1, i, 3. Five gates of the gi-eat atrium mentioned. Do., 1, i. Seven gates of the large atrium : — Gate of fire, >. Gate of oblation, Lto south. Gate of waters, J Gate " Nicanor," to east. Da., i, 4. Gate of prominence, -j Gate of oblation, V to north. J)o., i, i). Gate of burnings, J GATE OF THE CITY, Street of— See Street. GEIIENNOM— See Hinnom. GEMELLAEES PISCINA— See Bethesda. GEORGE, ST. — Tlie oratory of this martyr in the chief hospital in .leriisaloin, in the time of Cyril the monk (a.d. .031). Sec liis life of St. John tlio silent. "Venit (St. John) Ilierosolyniam et mansit in primo sanctae civitatis gerocernio, in quo est oratoriiiiii S. !Marlyris Goorgii. Acta Sand., May 13, III, p. 233. ISDEX. 31 GEORGE, ST.— Church or chaiicl of St. U., spoken of iii connection with new church or monastery of St. Mary which Justinian built. Commem., p. 78. GIHON — The spot where Solomon was anointed by Zadok and Nathan. " Do\vn" frnm Jerusalem. 1 Kings i, 33, 38, 45. llezekiah "stopped the upper water-courses of G.,* and brought it straight down to the west side of the city of David. 2 Chron. xxxii, 30. ]\Ianassch "built a wall without the city of David, on the west side of G., in the vallej', even to the entering iu of the fish gate, and compassed about Ophel." 2 Chron. xxxiii, 14. GOATH — " The measuring lino shall yet go forth over against it (Jerusalem) upon the hill Gareb, and shall compass about to G." Jer. xxxi, 39. GOING UP OF THE CORNEll— See Cokner. GOING UP OF THE WALL— Close to the staii-s of the city of David, and above the house of David, between the fountain gate and the water gate eastward. Neh. xii, 37. GOLDEN GATE— See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. GOLGOTHA—" G., that is to say, a place of a skull." Matt, xxvii, 33 ; Mark xv, 22 ; John xix, 17. Near the city. John xix, 20. Without the gate. Heb. xiii, 1 2. Calvary, or G., the centre of the earth. Poem ayainst Marcion, wrongli/ ascribed to Teriullkm. Tert., II, 10G7. The rock of G. rent asunder by the burden of the cross, appealed to by Lucian, a Presbyter of Antioch, who suffered a.d. 312. Routh., ReUg. Sac, TV, 6. The little hill of G. was on the left hand of one going outside the wall from Sion to the Neapolitan gate. Burg. Pilg., 279. A stone's throw from the sepulchre. Do. Shown in ^lia, on, or to the northern parts of the hill of Sion (irpos TOLi /8o/)£('ois Tov Siioi' opovi). Eus., Onom., IGO, (^Ad septentr'wnalem j^lagam montis Sion. Jerome, Onom., 161.) Had the Mount of Olives on the east. Cyril, Cat. Lect., IV, 14, p. 472 ; XIV, 23, p. 856. A holy place raised above all others (iWfpai/to-TijKws). Bo., X, 19, p. 688. " This holy G., rising on high (yiripavea-Tw), and showing itself to this day, and displaying even yet how, because of Clirist, the rocks were thei'e riven." Do., XIII, 39, p. 820. Had the temple site " over against" it. Do., VII, 6, p. G12. Had a church on it, if we may judge from Cyril speaking sevei-al times as if he were delivering his lectures from G. itself ; at other times he speaks of being near it. See Touttee's note to Do., XIII, 4, p. 775. Traces of the Garden remained in Cj'ril's day. Do., XIV, 5, p. 829. ♦ Oi rather "an upper outflow of the waters of G." See Robinson's Bih. lies., I, 327, note. (Ed. ISoU. ) 32 JXDEX. GOLGOTHA— Apijearance of a luminous cross over G., extending to the Mount of Olives. Cyril, Letter to Constant., ^i, p. 1169. The Jews report that the ram was sacrificed for Isaac on G. or Cahary. Author of Com. on St. Mark; Jerome, XI, app. 125. Called place of Calvary or G. Not far from Neapolitan gate. Adam buried there. Abraham sacrificed there. A great stone's throw to east of sepidchre, and 13 paces (pedes) to east of the Centre of the world. Has on the left the prison where Christ was imprisoned. Innom., i, 2. Adam buried at G. Ambrose, Ep'ist., 71; II, 12-13. Eeported by the Hebrews that Adam buried at G. Do., Com. in Lucam, X, 114; II, 1832. Adam buried at G. The IMount of Olives was over against (aiTiK-pvs) it. The Acra, which formerly existed on Sion, was higher than it. Epiphanius, Contra Hares., 46, cap. 5 ; I, p. 844. The skull of Adam said to have been found here, of which Solomon knew. The Church of the Cross and of the Anastasis built ou it. Basil Seleuc. Can. — I, 245 ; Migne, 410. Eighty paces from the tomb of Christ. " On one side the ascent is by stops, where our Lord ascended to be crucified. In the jJace where he was crucified, the stain of blood appears on the stone itself At the side is the altar of Abraham, where he went to offer up Isaac ; there also Melchisedck ofl'ered sacrifice. At the altar there is an aperture where you put your ear and will hear the flow of water ; and if j-ou throw in an apple, or fruit, or anything else that can swim, and go to the fountain of Siloam, there too will you receive it. Between Siloam and G., I believe, there is ' a milliarium.' From G. to the place where the cross was found there are 50 stejis. In the Basilica of Constantine, extending around the monuiuent in G., in the interior of the basilica, is a chamber where the wood of the holy cross has been placed." Anton., §§ 19, 20. From Calvary to G. IG paces. Theod., Loud, and St. Gall. From G. to St. Syon 200 paces. There the cross of the Lord was found. Do., Paris, Lond. Name given apparently to the place where Clhrist was buried, and Abraham ofl'ered up Isaac. Do., Lond. To visit G. from the Anastasis, Soplironius had to pass through a triple portico richly ornamented with gems. Soplironius, Anac, xx, p. 114. The [f-lnirch of the] holy skull, raised up liy Modestus, after having been burned. Antioch. Mon. Ejjist. ad Eustathium ; Miyne, p. 1428. The churches of Constantine, of the Skull, and of the Sepulchre, destroyed by fire by Cesra (Cliosroes). Eutychius, ii, p. 213. And built up by JModcstus in the form that now exists. Do., p. 218. A very large church, built on G., to the cast of the church of the Anastasis, a rpiadraugular structure. The Mai-tyi-ium of Constantine adjoins it to the east. /.v/)A'.v. 33 GOLGOTHA— Between them is tlic jilace wIuto Alirahaiu oflVivil up Isaac. Between the Aniistiisis ;iiul the Martyrium, an ojicn fipaee, in wliicli tlay and niglit lamps burn, oxttnuls to the church of G. Between the cliurcli of G. and the Martyrium is a ball in which is the cross of the Lord and the sponge. Adamn., i, G. A l>asilica built by Helena, on the site of the Lord's passion, and resurrection, and ascension. Sulp. Scvcrus, Hist. Sac, II, 33, p. 148. Church built by Helena on site of sepulchre and on G. Gcorg. Hamart., p. 4;"). Churches built by Helena on the scenes of the incarnation, the passion, the resur- i-ection, and the ascension. Paulinas, Grct^er, II, 49. The cross kept in the church on the scene of the passion. Do. Sec CALVARY. See Cross, Place where it was found. GRAPTE, Palace built by — Mentioned by Josephus, apparently not far from temple. ;ra?-5, iv, 9, § 11. GRAVES OF THE CHILDREN OF THE PEOPLE— Apparently near the brook Kedron. 2 Kings x.xiii, 6. GREGORY, ST., Monastery of. See Monastery. HADRIAN — Two statues of H. in the building on the site of Solomon's temple, and not far from the "lapis pertusus." Burg. Pilg., 278-9. "The Roman city which subsequently arose [on the site of Jerusalem] was called ^lia, in honour of the emperor ^^i^lius Adrian." Eus., Hisl. Eccl., IV. G ; II, pp. 314-5. H. founded a colony, which he called iEIia Capitolina, on the site of Jerusalem, and bviilt a temple to Jupiter on the site of the temple. Dion Cassiiis, Ixix, 12, llGl. An equestrian statue of H. on the site of the Holy of holies in Jerome's time. Jerome, Com. in .Valt., cap. xxiv, 15 ; VII, 194. From the time of H. down to the reign of Constantine, an image of Jupiter was worehijiped in the place of the I'esurrection, and on the rock of the cross, a marble statue of Venus. Jerome, Epist. Iviii, I, 321. H. "consecrated an image of Jupiter in the place of the passion, and Bethlehem was profaned by a shrine of Adonis." Paulinus, J-Jjjist. ad Sevcrum, Gretser, II, 48. H. erected images of demons in the temple and the place of the Lord's passion. Sulp. Sev., II, 31, p. 147. II. destroyed Jerusalem, so that no stone was left upon another, and constructed it in another place, so that the jilacc of the Lord's Ci'oss outside the gate is now seen within. He called it ^lia. Nicolaus, p. 1012. HAN AN, The Suns of — Had a chamber in the house of the Lord, beside the chamber of the princes, which was above the chamber of Maasciah, the son of Shallum, the keeper of the door. Jer. xxxa-, 4. 34 IXDEX. HATs ANEEL, Tower of — Xear the sheep gate, and between it and the fish gate ; close to the tower of Meah. Nehem. iii, 1-3. Between the fish gate on the one side, and the tower of IMcah and the sheep gate on the othei-. Bo., xii, 39. " The city shall be built unto the Lord, from the tower of H. unto the gate of the corner." Jer. xxxi, 38. Spoken of in prophetical \Tsion as at the other extremity of the city from the king's wine presses. Zech. xiv, 10. HAPPAPtYA — A cabinet in atrium of third temple. Middoth, v, 2. HASHUB AXD BENJAMIN, House of— See Benj.\mix. HELENA, Monument of — Monobazus gave orders that her bones, as well as those of Izates, his brother, should be buried at the pyramids which she had erected ; the}' were three in number, and distant no more than 3 stadia from Jerusalem. Ant., XX, 4, § 3. Apparently beyond the " Women's Towers," outside the city. Wars, v, 3, § 3. The second wall stretched from the tower Hippicus towards the noi'thcrn quarter as far as the tower Psejihinus, and then passing opposite (urriKpi') the monuments of H., queen of Adiabene and mother of King Izates, and extending througli the royal caverns, was inflected at the corner tower, near to the spot known by the appellation of the Fuller's Tomb. Do., v, 4, § 2. Splendid monuments of H. are still to be seen in the subuibs of the city now called ^Ua. Eus., IJcd. Hist, II, 12. St. Paula, approaching Jei-usalem from the north, had the mausoleum of H. on the left hand {i.e., to the cast). Jerome, Epist. ad Eustach., ix, I, 697. A sepulchre of wonderful workmanship, the door of the same marble as the other parts of the sepulchre. By the motion of some secret machine it opened at a stated day of the year and hour, and clo.sed not long after. But should any one trj' to open it at another time, ho would break it easier than open it by any force. Pausanias, viii, 16, § 5, p. 386. HELENA, Palace of — "Simon occupied the upper io^vl\ and the gi-eat wall as far as the Kedron, -with as much of the old wall, as, bending eastward from Siloam, descended to the palace of Monobazus, king of Adiabene, beyond the Eujihratcs, He held likewise the fountain and the Acra, which was the lower town, with the intei-val as far as the jialace of IT., the mother of Monobazus." Wars, v, 6, g 1. In the centre of tlie Acra. Do., vi, 6, § 3. HEROD, Monuments of — "The whole space from Scopus to the monuments of II., adjacent to wliat is called the Serpent's Pool, was reduced to a level " by Titus at the beginning of the siege. Wars., v, 3, § 2. Mentioned as enclosed by the circumvallation of Titus, and between the " house of the Erebinthi" and the camp of the Assyrians. Do., 12, § 2. HEROD, Palace of— See King's Palace. INDEX. 35 HEZEKIAH, House of — Spoken of as near the two statues of Iladriau luul the " lapis pertusus." Burg. Pilg., 279. Spoken of as near wliat ajipoars to be tlio " lapis pertusus." Innoui., i, § 2. The steps of the Louse of II., or Achaz, sliowu iu tlie tornplc enclosure {con- septum) in Jerome's time, though ho did not credit the identification. Jerome, Com. in Isaiam., cap. xxxviii ; IV, 470. HEZEKIA.H, Pool of — A pool and a conduit niaile by llezekiah, and water brought into the city. 2 Kings xx, 20. See GiiiON. HIGHER CITY— See City (Upper). HIGH GATE— See Gates (2) of Temple. HIGH PllIEST, Monument of — Some 30 cubits from Amygdalon, on the northern quarter of the city. Wars, v, 11 , § 4. See Ananus (Monument of the High Priest A.). HIGH PRIEST, Palace of the— Mentioned, Matt, xxvi, 58 ; Mark xiv, 54 ; Luke xxii, 54 ; John xviii, 15. See Caiapiias (House of). IIINNOM, Valley of — Mentioned, Joshua xv, 8, as apparently the same with the " valley of the son of H."; and Bo., xviii, IG, where it appears to be to the south of Jerusalem. Mentioned, Nebem. xi, 30. Now called valley of Josai)hat. Euseb., Onom., voce ^dpe^ 'Ei'to/x, 358. HINNOM, Valley of Chikh-en of — Topheth said to be situate there. 2 Kings xxiii, 10. HINNOM, Valley of Son of — Apparently on the south side of Jerusalem, Josh, xv, 8, where, and also in xviii, 16, it seems to be the same as the valley of Hinnom. Mentioned, 2 Chron. xxviii, 3 ; xxxiii, 6. Tophet iu it. Jer. vii, 31. Called Tophet. Bo., vii, 32 ; xix, G. By the entry of the cast gate. Bo., xix, 2. High places of Baal in it. Bo., xxxii, 35. HIPPICUS — ^Mentioned, along with Phasaelus and Mariamne as " the royal towers." liars, ii, 17, § 8. Mentioned. Bo., v, 3, g 5. The starting point in Josephus' description of the first and third walls, which see. Bo., V, 4, § 2. Over against (ai'TLKpvs) Psephinus, of excelling magnitude, beauty, and strength. " Quadrangular, its length and breadth being each 25 cubits, and to the height of 30 cubits, it was solid throughout. Above this solid part, which was constructed of stones formed into one compact mass, was a vesei'vou- to receive the rain, 20 cubits deep, over which was a house of two stories, 25 cubits high, and divided into various apartments. Above tliis were battlements of 2 cubits in height, mounted upon parapets of 3 ; so that the entire altitude amounted to 80 cubits." Wars, § 3. The wall in which it stood was itself built on a lofty hill ; and higher still rose 36 jyDEX. HIPPICUS— up in front, to the height of 30 cubits, a kind of crest of the hill ; on this, II., with the towers Phasaelus and Mariamne rested. Composed of great stones of white marble ciit, the length of each block 20 cubits, its breadth 10, and its depth 5. '• So accurately were they joined one ujjon another, that each tower seemed a single rock that jutted up uaturallj', and had subsequently been polished all round by the hands of the artificer into its angular form ; so totally imperceptible on all sides was the fitting of the joints." Wars, § 4. Had the royal residence attached to it to the south. Do. Had near it a gate, scarcely discernible, through which the Jews attacked the Eomans, before the latter had captured the thu-d wall. Do., G, § 5. A gate mentioned through which water was introduced into II. apparently not far from the monument of John. Do., 7, § 3. Abandoned by the Jews on the first attack. Do., vi, 8, § 5. Allowed by Titus to stand, with ^Mariamne and Phasaelus, when the rest of the city was destroyed, and the walls, with the exception of that portion whicb enclosed the tower on the west, razed. Do., 9, § 1 ; vii, 8, § 1. HIPPODEOME — Apparently to the south of the temple. SpeakLug of encampments formed by the Jews during the absence of Varus, Josephus says they formed three : "one on the north of the temple, another on the south, near the II., and the third beside the palace on the west." Wars, ii, 3, § 1. nOLY SEPULCHRE— See Sepulchre. HOESE GATE— See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. HOESES — Way by which the H. came into the kmg's house, — the place where Athaliah was slain, near the temple (2 Kings xi, 16) ; (evidently at the horse gate. Compare 2 C'hi-on. xxiii, 15). See Horse Gate. HOUSE OF PILATE— See Pketoriuii. HOUSE OF THE IMIGHTY— Near the sepulchres of David, and the pool that was made. Nehem. iii, 16. HOSPITALS — After describing the church of St. Mary liuilt by Justinian, Procopius mentions two hospitals, one for foreign pilgrims, the other for the sick poor, opposite each other, " the other way," buUt by that emperor. Frocoix, De ^\l if. Jusl., v, G, p. 104. The chief hospital in Jerusalem had in it an oratory of St. George, in Cyril the monk's time (a.d. 531). See his life of St. John the Silent. Acta Sanct, May 13, III, p. 233. One with 100 beds (afterwards increased to 200), founded by Justinian in the niidcllc of Jerusalem (tV toI /itym riys iiyias -oXewi). Cyril. Scyth., p. 54G. One founded by Charlemagne (into whicli I'xrnard, on his journey, was received), into which all pilgiims who spoke l/.iUn were received ; to which adjoined the church iy£>EX. 37 HOSPITALS— of St. -Mary, liaviiig :i most nolile lilirury in-ovidcl by the care of Charlemagne, with 12 mansions, liekls, vineyards, and an orchard in the vaHey of Josapliat. Lcforo the hospital was a market (Jorum). Bernard, 7S9. ITJEKIANS, Monastery of — See Moxastery. INNER CITY— See City, Inner. ISITIUS, St. Tomb of — Mentioned by Antoniniis ^Martyr as outside tlie " greater r'ate," not far ajiparently from the swinjniing pool witli T) iiorches, and in one of them a church of St. !Mary. Here were bestowed on the poor and iiilgrims the loaves which St. Helena aj)pointed. Anton., g 27. JAMES, St. — Thrown down from the sunmiit of the temple and stoned, and finally slain by a fuller with his staff. Buried on the spot, and " the pillar erected to his memory still remains close to the temple." Hegesipp., £u$eb. Eccl. Hist, II, 2.3; Migne, II., 201-204. Buried near the temple where he was thrown down. Some tliink he was buried on Mount of Olives, but this a mistake. Jerome, Dc Tlris III., 2, II, 834. Thrown down from a iiiiiiiaclc of the temple and took no hurt, but killed by a fulloi-, and buricil in the same tomb with St. Zacharias and St. Simeon, which he himself had built on Mount Olivet. Theod. Paris and Lond.; Greg. Tur., I, 27. A church or chapel of St. J. mentioned in connection with church or monastery of St. Mary, at her tomb in the valley of Jeho.shaphat. Commem., p. 78. JEDAIAH, House of — Somewhere between the old gate, and the house of the governor on this side the river, on the one side, and the tower of the furnaces and the valley gate on the other. Nehem. iii, 10. JEHORAN, Sepulchre of— In the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings. 2 Chron. xxi, 20. JEHOSHAPHAT, Tomb of— He " was buried with his fathers in the city of David his father." 1 Kings xxii, 50 ; 2 Chron. xxi, 1. His tomb shown in the tower of Jehoshaphat (which see) in the valley of the same name. Adamn., i, \i. JEHOSHAPHAT (or Josaphat), Tower of— In the valley of Jehoshai)hat, not far from the church of St. Mary, in which is his tomb, adjoining to which little tower on the right is a sejiarate chamber cut out of the rock of IMount Olivet, con- taining two hollow sc])ulchres, the one of St. Simeon and the other of Joseijh. Adamn., i, It. JEHOSHAPHAT (or Josaphat, or Josapiiath), Valley of— Mentioned. Jucl iii, 2, 42. To the left of those going from Jerusalem to the gate which is against the east, that they may ascend Mount Olivet. Burg. Pilg., 280. Between Jerusalem and the Mount of 01i\es. Eus. et Jerome, Onom., 2G0, I, 38 IXDEX. JEHOSHAPHAT— YaUey of— In the valley of Getlisemane is the place where the Lord was betrayed, wherein are thi-ee couches on which He i-eclined, and the church of St. Mary which, they say, was her house, in which is shown her sepulchre." " The same valley of Gethsemane, lying between I\Iount Sion and Olivet, is also called J." Anton., § 17. Siloani at certain times pours forth much water which goes down by the valley of Gethsemane, also called J., into the Joi'dan. Bo., § 24. Spoken of as the place where are the tombs of St. James, St. Symou, and St. Zacharias, and the place where Judas betrayed Christ ; also the church of St. Mary and the place where Christ washed the discii)les' feet and supped, where also are four couches in which ho reclined with the apostles, holding three men each, the place being at the time of Theodoras a cave, a place of resort for 200 monks. Theod. Paris. The rain which falls in Jei-usalem, " flowing through the eastern gates and carry- ing with it all the filth of the city, entering the valley of J., swells the torrent of Kedron." Adamn., i, 1. In the valley of J. is a church of St. Mary, containing her sepulchre. Do., 13. In the same valley, not far from the church of St. Mary, is the tower of J. Do., 11. Near Jerusalem on the eastern side j in it a church of St. INIary iu which is her sepulchre. Has Mount Olivet on its eastern side. Willib. (Held.), Can., II, 112. A church or monastery of St. Mary at her tomb in the valley of J. Commem. p. 78. The descent fi-om Jei-usalem to the -^-alley of J., where is the sepulchre of St, Maiy, 195 steps. The ascent to the Mount of Olives 537 steps. Do., 83. A garden in the valley of J. belonging to a church of St. INIary, which adjoins the hospital founded by Charlemagne. Bernard, 789. A mile from Jerusalem, containing the village of Gethsemane, with the birth- place of St. i\Iaiy. In the collage, a church of St. Mary, containing her sepulchre, also in the same place, a church where our Lord was betrayed, containing the "four round tables of Ilis Supper." In the valley of J. also the cliurch of St. Leon, iu which it is said that our I-ord \\ill come at the last judgment. Do., 790. Tlie summit of Mount Olivet, a mile from the valley of J. Do., 790. JEREMIAH — The pool or pit into which he was thrown, called the dungeon of Jlalchiah the son of Hammelech, that was in the court of the prison (see Frison)- Jer. xxxviii, C. Spoken of as at the arch which was an ancient gate of the city, to which Antoninus Martyr went from the Pretorium, and whence he descended to Siloam by many steps. Anton., § 21. INDEX. 39 JEREMIAH— Spoken of as a lake (in the Loudon ]\IS. " a lake of lions ") near tlic church of St. Sophia at the Pretorium, and 100 paces distant from Siloam. Tiicoil. raris, Lond. JERUSALEM — About 50 stadia in circumference; inhabited by about 120,000 men. H^catens of Abdera, quoted by Josephus, Cunt. Apion., i, 22. Eus., I'rcej). Evan., ix, t; III, p. GIO. 40 stadia in circumference : a town all but impregnable, being surrounded on all sides by abrupt pi-ecii)icos. Abundantly supplied ^\ith water, so that the gardens about are irrigated by the waters which flow from the town. The surrounding country to the distance of 40 stadia is completely arid, beyond that distance it again is well watered. Timachares, quoted by Eus., Proep. Evan., ix, 3G; III, p. 75G. Situated on an elevated and steep place ; part of the walls of polished stone, but the greater part of marble work ; 27 stadia in circumference. Syrian INIeasurcr quoted by Eus., Do., 36 ; III, p. 756. On a steep hill, on the summit of which the temple was built. ... Of moderate extent, " being, as far as we could gather, 40 stadia in circuit." Its towera seemed to be pierced with passages below, and to have roads above, and are disposed in the form of a theatre, for because the city is situated on a mountain, they are bent round and inclined even against each other. To these roads there are higher ascents of steps, so that some walk low down and others high up, which distinction is chiefly on account of men holy and dedicated to religion, so that they may touch nothing that is not lawful. Arist., iii, 13. Rocky, and although well supplied with water, surrounded by ;i barren and waterless ten-itory. " The space within [the city] is CO stadia [in circumference], with rock underneath the surf;ice." Strabo., xvi, 2, § 36 ; II, p. 648. A stronghold, situated on a rock, well fortified, and well supplied with water ; but externally entirely parched ■with drought. A ditch (filled up by Pompey) was cut in the rock, GO feet in depth, and in width 250 feet. On the wall of the temple were built towers, constructed of the materials procured when the ditch was excavated. Strabo, xvi, 2, § 40 ; II, p. G49. Its siege, an arduous undertaking from the steepness of its situation (" ob ingenium montis "). Tacitus, Hist., ii, 4 ; II, p. 60. " J. standing upon an eminence, naturally difficult of approach, was rendered still more impregnable by redoubts and bulwarks, by which even places in a level plain would have been completely fortified. Two hills that rose to a prodigious height were enclosed by walls, constructed so as in some places to project in angles m othci-s to curve inwards. In consequence the flanks of the besiegers were exposed to the enemy's weapons. The extremities of the rock were abrupt and scraggy ; and the towers were built, upon the moimtain, GO feet high; in the low ground, 120 feet. To the distant eye they seemed to be of equal elevation. Within the city there were other fortifications enclosing the palace of the kings, and the tower of Antonia, with its con.spicuous piimacles, so called by Herod in honour of Mark Antony. Tlie 40 ISDEX. JEEUSALEM— temple itself was in the nature of a citadel cnclosetl in walls of its own, and more elaboi-ate and massy than the rest. The porticoes that surrounded it were a very capital defence. A perennial spring supi)lied the place with water. Subterraneous cayems were scooped out in the mountains, and there were basins and tanks as reservoirs of rain water." Tacitus, Hist., v, 11, 12 ; II, p. 23.'i, G. "With the enclosure of the temple, J. had three walls (>ji' Sc Tp:a avToU crii' tw Tou I-60U TrepifSoXM Ttt'xv)- Dion Cassius, Ixvi, 4-, p. 1079. Pompey having been admitted iuto the city, attacked the temple from the north, where it was most practicable ; but even there were great towers, and a ditch (Tadpayyi), for the parts towards the city were steep. . . . The ditch was tilled up by Pompey though jworly by reason of its immense depth. Do., § 2. Strong on every side in Pompey's time, except the north, which was never well fortified ; for a broad and deep valley (povpioi') by king David, the father of Solomon, by whom the temple was originally erected ; but by us, the Ujjper I\Iarket Place (arw ayopa). The other, which bears the name of Acra, and supports the lower town (Kara -oAir), is of a gibbous form (a/xdpayyt). Afterwards, howev'er, the Asamoneans, during their reign, filled up the ravine, with the intention of uniting the city to tlie temi)le; and levelling the summit of Acra, they reduced its elevation, so that the temjile might be conspicuous above other objects in this quarter also. The valley of the Cheesemakers (twi' Trpoz-oiwi' dpay^), as it was designated, which divided, as we have said, the hill of the upper town from that of the lower, extended as far as Siloani, as we call it, a foinitain whose waters are at once .sweet ami copious. On the exterior, the two hills on which the city stood were skirtetl by deep ravines (rjidpay^L), Eo precipitous on either side, that the town was nov\here accessible." Wars,y, 4, § 1. In the time of Agrijipa, "the city, ovcrdowing with inhabitants, liad gradually crept beyond the ramparts, and the people incorporating with the city the quai-tcr north of the temple close to the hill, made a considerable advance, insonnuh tliat a fourti] liill, which is callcil IV'/.etha, was also surrdiniiird \\i(]i habitations. It lay over against (dt'TiKpr) the Antonia, from whirh it was (-(■parnted by a deep fosse INDEX. 41 JERUSALEM— (o/n'y/iari), purposely excavated to cut oil" tlic communication between (lie founda- tions of the Antonia and the hill, that (hey might be at onco less easy of access and more elevated. Thus the depth of the trencli (Tiu/./ioii) materially increased the altitude- of the towers. The quarter most recently Ixiilt was called, in our language, Bezetha, vbich, if translated into the Creek tongue, would be Cwnopolis." Wars, v, 4, § 2. " The tcmi)le lay as a fortress over the city, and the Antonia over the temple, the guards of all the three being stationed in the Antonia ; while the ujjper town had its own fortress— Herod's i)alace. The hill Bezetha was detached, as I have mentioned, from the Antonia. It was the highest of the three, and was joined on to part of the new town, forming northward the only obstruction to the %iew of the temple." Do., v, 5, § 8. "The Roman city which subseijucntly arose [on the site of J.], changing its name, was called yElia, in honour of the emperor yElius Adrian." Eus., Hist. £ccl.,lV, 6; II, p. 3115. " Was of the lot of the tribe of Benjamin." Eus., Oiiom., 236. " Was in the tribe of Benjamin." Jerome, Onom., 237. " Sion is the mountain on which the city of J. was built, which afterwards was taken by David [and] is called the city of David. Nor do I dispute that there were in it holy men, when it held the tabernacle of God, anil afterwards the temple was built." Jerome, Com. in Esaiam, cap. i, v. 21 ; IV, 21. "Mount Sion, on which was built J." Do., cap. ii, v. 3 ; IV, 33. lias si.x larger gates besides postern.";. Thcod. Paris. Has six gates besides posterns. Bo., Londoii. Has twelve gates besides posterns. Do., St. Gall. Arculph mentioned, in the circuit of the walls, eighty-four towers and six gates, of v.hich three were most frequented, — one from the west, another from the north, and a third from the east. The wall from the gate of Da\id, " carried along by the northern brow ofMount Sion, which from the South {a meridie) overhangs the city, to that jiart of tlie same mountain which with abrupt rock looks to the eastern district," liad no <^ates. " The site of the city, beginning from the northern lirow of Mount Sion, is so dispofxd by a gentle declivity to the lower places of the northern and eastern walls, that the over- flow of rain can in no way rest on level spaces after the fashion of stagnant water, but, after the fashion of rivers, runs down from the upper to the lower [levels] ; whidi flood of water from heaven, flowing through the eastern gates, and carrying with it all the filth [of the city], entering the valley of Jehoshapliat, augments the torrent of Kedron." Adamn., i, 1 . Many edifices, and very many large houses of stone, built with wondei-ful art, seen by Arculph in J. Do. Destroyed by CElius Adrian, the Roman emperor, so that in it no stone was left upon anotlier, and constructed by the same CElius Adrian in another jihice, so that the place of the Lord's Cross, outside the gate, is now teen within. Called yElia by the same emperor. Nicolaus, p. 1012. F 42 IXDEX. JERUSALEM, New — See New Jerusalem. JOASH, Sepulchre of — In the city of David, but not in the sepulchres of the kings, Chron. xxiv, 25. JOHN, St. — A church or monastery of St. J., " where he was bom," apparently in or near Jerusalem. It included, appai-ently, chapels of St. Theodoras, St. Sergius, and Sts. Cosmo and Damian. Commem., p. 79. JOHN, The High Priest, Momiment of — Titus resolves to make the first attack opposite the monument of J., the high priest, "' for at this point the outer bulwark was lower, and the second was not connected, the builders having neglected to fortify those places where the new to^\'n was thinly inhabited ; but there was easy access to the thii'd wall, through which he designed to capture the upper tcwii, and, tlu'ough the Antonia, the temple." Wars, v, 6, § 2. After the Romans had taken the outer wall, " Simon's band, intercepting the assault near John's momiment, manned the intervening space as far as the gate through which the water was introduced to the tower Hippicus." Do., 7, § 3. An embankment raised at John's monument by Titus, to carry the upjier town. I»o.,7, §3. The gi'ound here lower than some of that held by the Jews. Do. JONATHAN, The Scribe, House of — Jeremiah put in piison here, " for they made that the prison." Jer. xxxvii, 15, 20. JOSEPH, Sepulchre of — Shown in a stone house in the tower of Jehoshaphat, in the valley of Jehoshaphat. Adamn., i, 14. JOSHUA, The Governor of the City, Gate of — See Gates (1) of Jerusalem. JUDAS — The place where J. betrayed Christ, apparently .at Gethsemane. Matt, xxvi, 3G, 47 ; Mark xiv, 32, 43. (See Luke xxii, 40, 47; John xviii, 1, 3.) The place of the betrayal, in the valley of Johosliaiihat. Burg. Pilg., 280 ; Theod., Paris and Loiul. The place of the betrayal in Gethsemane; three couches there on which ihc Lord rested. Anton., § 17. The place where J. hanged himself, on the right side of the gate of Jerusalem, to which, by many steps, Antoninus Martyr went np to Jerusalem fi'ofti Gethsemane, an o\\\Q yard, with the fig-tree on which J. hung himself with a noose, the wood of which stands built round with stones. Do., § 17. Tlie iron chain with which J. hanged himself, shown to Antoninus Martyr, in a 8 '> Zi. dark cavern at the swimming j}ool with five porches. Do., § " The gate of David adjoins the gentle slope of Mount Siou on the western side ; a stone bridge, cairied at a lieight with a straight course over {2^ei-) the valley to the south, meets these going out from the city by tlio said gate, and having Mount Sion next them on the left of which (valley?). Near to the middle, also on the west, is the place v.here Judas Scariothcs, driven desperate, died, hanging himself by a noose. Tliern is there still shown a liirgo fig-tree from the top of which, a.s is reported, lie liung, caught in a noose." Adnmn., i, 17. tSDEX. ^3 JUDAS— A church on tho spot of the betrayal, iu the valley of Jehoshaphat, containing " tho four round tables of the Lord's Sujjper." Bernard, 790. JUDGMENT, Hall of— John xviii, 28, 33 ; xix, 9. See Puetoeium. JUDGJIENT-SEAT— In a place called the pavement, or Gabbatha. John xix, 13. See PretouIum and Gabbatha. (1) KEDRON— Titus, iu his circumvallation, " drew the wall to the lower Canopolis and thence through the K. (5ia rov KcSpwros) to the Mount of Olives." Wars, v, 12, § 2. (2) KEDRON, Brook (xei'nappos)^ During the rebellion of Absalom, David passed fi-om Jerusalem toward tho way of the wilderness over the brook K. 2 Sam. xv, 23. Shiuiei warned by Solomon, that on the day he left Jerusalem and passed over the brook K., he should die. 1 Kings Li, 37. The idol made by Maacha his mother destroyed by Asa, and l)urnt by the brook K. Bo., xv, 13 ; 2 Chron. xv, 16. Idols ground to powder by Josiah, and burned at the brook K. 2 Kin^s xxiii, 6. Altars beaten, and the dust cast into the brook K. Do., x.viii, 12. Hezckiah makes the priests carry the abominations of Ahaz from the temple out abroad into the brook K. 2 Chron. xxix, 16. The altai-s for incense cast into the brook K. Bo., xxx, 14. In Jeremiah's pro2)hecy, " all the fields unto the brook K. [Sejit. (Vat.) " eojs vd)^aX KiSpfov " or (Cod. Alex.) " ttus xunappov ^ay;a.X KtS/jcoi'."] to be holy unto the Lord." Jer. xxxi, 40 (in iS'i^ji. xxxviii, 40). Jesus went forth with his disciples over the brook K. John xviii, 1. Sliimei ordered not to go over the brook K. Ant., viii, 1, § 5. The torrent or valley of the K. (xn/mppov? ijf dpayyi fta6(i(^ 8i.itpyufXivov, ij KtSpojv (ii'o/iacTTat). Wars, v, 2, § 3. 44 IXDEX. (i) KEDRON— The third ^vall, "extending through the royal caverns, was inflected at the corner tower, near to the spot known by the appellation of the fuller's tomb ; and connecting itself with the old wall, terminated at the valley called K." TTnjv?, v, 4, § 2. At the siege " John occupied the temple, and the parts about it to a considerable distance, with Ophla and the valley called K." I)o., 0, g 1. The Eomans " fired the whole of the northern colonnade (of the temple) as far as the eastern, the connecting angle of which was built over the ravine called K., where also the depth at that point was terrific." Bo., vi, 3, § 2. See Eusebius and Jerome, Onom. above, voce K. (Brook). KING'S CLOISTERS— At the south point of the temple (3rd) of Herod with three walks, reaching in length from the east valley (y laid the foundations at the extreme of the flat ground, and raised a building of equal height with the rock. When, then, they had brought it as high as its ex- tremity, they placed over the intervening sjmce arches from the top of the walls, and connected the building with the remainder of the temple's t foundation. In this way, the temple is in part founded on solid rock, and in part suspended, the emperor's power having contrived a space in addition to the hill." The stones were of extra- ordinary size, drawn singly in waggons made for the purpose, and drawn by 40 oxen each, along roads cut through the mountains. The height was equal in jjroportion to the width and length. It was sujiported by extraordinary columns of great size on all sides, " some from lieneatli, some from above, and others about the porches which sur- round the whole temple, except on the eastern side. Two of these "stand before the gite of the tenijile, of exceeding splendour. . . . From thence proceeds another path, called Narthcx, as I imagine, from its want of width. After this is an atrium, raised upon like columns in a square. The intermediate doors are of such grandeur as to give those who enter an idea what a great spectacle they are about to encountci-. The projiylajum from hence is of wonderful beaut}', and has an arch raised upon two columns to an immense height; while, as you go forward, two semicircular buildings stand facing each other, on each side of the way to the temi>le. There arc two ho.sj)iccs on either side the other way, the work of the em])eror Justinian. The one is a lodging-house for visitors from a distance, the other a resting-place for the sick poor." Procop., Dc .FAJf. Just., V, G, pp. 102-1. Williams' Trans., Holy City, II, 369. 3 "The church of the blessed mother of God and ever virgin M.," founded some time before the time of Cyril of Scylhopolis by the Archbishop Elias, completed by Justinian in answer to the prayer of St. Saba, after twelve years' labour. It surpassed • I liavo vcntiu-ed to iirlioatc by numbers the passages which seem to mc to refer to each of three churclics, ia ami near Jenisalcm, dedicated to the Virgin : — (1.) In the valley of Jehoshai^hat, containing her sepulchre. (2.) In ono of the porches of the Piscina Probatica. (3.) Built by Justinian, t Temple, i.e., the Church of St. Mary. INDEX. 49 jMARY, CLurclies of— nil ancient sights and monuments in " magnitude, dazzling gloiy, and magnificence of its adoniment." CyriX Scytli. § 72, p. 343. 3 Cyril of Scythopolis took part in tlio consecration of a new clmrcli to St. M. (the same ?) at Jerusalem. Life of St. John the Silent, Ad. Sand., May 13, cap. 3 ; Jlay, vol. Ill, p. 235. 2 '^ Near the piscina probatica there is a church of the lady M.." Thcod. Paris. 2 '• In the [piscina] probatica is a church of the blessed virgin." Do., Land. 1 In the valley of Jehoshaphat " Jtidas betrayed the Lord ; there is there a church of the lady M. the mother of the Lord; there also the Lord washed the feet of the apostles ; there also He supped ; there are there four couches where the Lord reclined with the apostles, He Himself in their midst, wliicli couches hold three men [each]." A cave there with 200 monks. Thcod. Paris. XoTE.— Inthe London MS. the church is said to stand "where the washing of the feet and the supping took place." 3 ? A basilica of JI. mrntioned by Gregoiy of Tours, as having been built by the Emperor Constantino, with pillars 19 feet m circuit, which were moved to their place by a mii-aclc. Greg. Tur., De Gloria Mart., I, 9, p. 12. •' " To the round church of which we have frequently spoken above, called the Auastasis or Resurrection, which was built on the place of our Lord's resurrection, there adheres (aJaeret) to the right a quadrangular church of St. M. the mother of the Lord." Adamn. i, 5. Note.— In Gretscr's text, below this church {w/ra qtinm) a silver cross is said to be fixed in the spot where Christ's cross stood ; but the other texts seem to supply a more correct reading, and make this cross stand, not below the church of St. Ua.Ty, but below the roof of the church in Golgotha. 1 A church of St. M. in the valley of Jehoshaphat, of two stories, the lower part wood, with a stone flooring, with an altar on the east. On the right side the sci.ulchre of the Virgin. On the righthand wall as you enter, the stone on which the Lord prayed in G«thsemane on the night of his betrayal, beaiing the marks of his knees. In the npper part four altars. The tower of Jehoshaphat not far from this church. Do., 13, U. Not far from this clnirch, on the side of Mount Olivet, a cave with two \nj deep pits. In this cave are four stone scats, where the Lord sat with his apostles. I)o., 15. 1 A church of St. M., in the valley of Jehoshaphat, and in it her sepulchre Willib. (TIeid.) Can., 11, 112. •3 A new church of St. M. which Justinian built. In the list of Presbyters, ussinij of Mar i/," 1st version, Ajmc. GosikIs, 518 ; 2ud version. Do., 529. Shown in the church of St. INI., m the valley of Gethsemane. Anton., § 17. Buried at Gethsemane. Andreas Cretens, In Dorm. S. Maria-, I, p. 10G4. M. bmied at Gethsemane. Sophron., XX., p. 117. On the right side of the lower part of the clnirch of St. M., in tlic valley of Jehoshaphat. Adamn., i, 9. In the round church of St. M. in the village of Gethsemane, in tlic valley of Jehoshaphat; has no roof, "suffers least of all from rain." Bernard, 790. MARY, Stone on which she rested on the Road to Bethlehem — Cut square by Urbicius, and by him attempted to be taken to Constantinople. " But when he came to the gate of St. Stephen he could not move it farther, which stone one yoke of oxen was [up to that time] drawing. And when they saw tli:.!, 1 y no means wero they abk^ to move it on farther, it was recalled (rcvocatus est) to the sepvdchre of tlie Lord, and there an altar was made out of the .stone itself, and from the altar itself liicri' INDEX. 51 :MAIIY, Stone on which she rested on tlio Road to Bethlehem — is a communication. Nevertheless, it is behind the sepulchre of the Lord. Theod. Paris. The same legend is gi\cu in tlio Loudon ^IH., which at this part, liowcvcr, is nearly illegible, the name of the gate being undeciphei'able. There, it is said, " the stone was brought" (applicatur) to the sepulchre. MEAH, Tower of — Between the sheep gate and the fish gate, apparently near the tower of Hananeel. Nehem. iii, 1-3; xii, ,'59. MELCHISEDEK — The place whore he offered sacrifice, at the side of Golgotha; where also Abraham was about to offer uj) Isaac. Anton., § 19. JIERCHANTS, The Place of the— Over against the gate Miphkad. Nehom. iii, 31. MESHULLAM, Chamber of — Somewhere between the horse gate and the place of the Nethenims. Neheui. iii, 30. MIDDLE GATE— See Gates (of Jerusalesi). MILLO — " David built rouud aliout from ]\I., and inward." 2 Sam. v, 9. The Sept. has " And Da\'id built the city in a circle from the Acra." David " built the city round about, even from M. round about." 1 Cliron. xi, 8. The Sept. has simply, " And David built the city in a circle." Solomon built " the house of the Lord, and his own house and M." 1 Kings ix, 15. The Alexandrine Codex of the Sept. has both Melo and the Acra as built by Solomon. The passage is wanting in the Vatican Codex. Solomon built M. Do., v, 2-i ; xi, 27. In the latter passage, the Sept. has the Acra instead of Millo. In the former, the Alexandrine Codex has Melo. The passage is wanting in the Vatican Codex. Joash slain "in the house of M., which goeth down to Silla. 2 Kings xii, 20. The Sejit. has iv oikm MuAXco toj ei' -lAa, Vatic; ev oik(o MaciAo) KaTa/xei'oi'ra Ta\da8. Alexand. Ilezekiah repaired M. in the city of David. 2 Chron. xxxii, 5. The Sept. has Kai KaTUT)^v(Te to dvoAi/ju/ia tjjs TroAews AaviS. MIPHKAD, Gate — See Gates (of Jerusalem). MONASTERY IN JERUSALEM — A very large one, of which some wonderful stories are told by Gregory of Tours. Greg. Tur., De Glor. Mart., I, 11, p. 15. MONOBAZUS, King of Adiabene, Palace of — Near tlie old wall, wliich, bending eastward from Siloam, descended to it. Wars, v, 6, g 1. iMONUMENT OF HELENA— See Helena. MONUMENT OF HIGH PRIEST— See High Priest. MONUMENT OF HIGH PRIEST ANANUS— See Ananus. MONUiMENT OF HIGH PRIEST JOHN— See Johx. MONUMENT OF SOLOMON— See Solomon. MONUMENTS OF HEROD— See Herod. MONUMENTS OF KING ALEXANDER— See Alexander. MORIAH, The Land of — Where Abraham was commanded to offer up Isaac. Gen. xxii, 2. MORIAH, Mount — Where Solomon Iniilt the temple. 2 Chron. iii, 1. 52 IXDEX. MORI AH, !Mount — Where Abraham was couimauded to ofl'er up Isaac. Ant., i, 13, § 1. " The Jews say that this mount (on which Abraham offered up Isaac) is that on which the temple was afterwards built, in the ground of Orna the Jebusite." Jerome, Com. in Genesim, xxii, 2; III, 337. " Mount M., that is, the site of the temjile. Do., p. 338. "The temple was built in the ground of Orna, and iu Mount I\I." Do., Com. in Jcrem., xxvi, 4; TV, 1020. " We read, not once [but often], that the idol Baal was near Jerusalem, at the foot {ad radices) of Mount M., in which {la quibus) Siloe flows. Do., Com. in Matt., X, 28 j ^'II, G2. Theodoras {Londo7i 2IS.) in the midst of a description of Calvary, where, he says '• Abraham offered his son for a burnt-offering," and where "the cross of the Lord was found, where it is called Golgotha," writes thus: " The place of Jerusalem which is called the valley of ^-ision by Isaiah the prophet, is the eminence of M., on which Abraham sacrificed Isaac, where the Jews report that after[wards] the temple was built, and an altar, on which [hill] also Abraham made an altar, and David saw the angel sheatliiug the sword in the threshingfloor of Orna the Jebusite." Theod. Land. MOSQUE — "In that famous place wdiere formerly the temj)le was magnificently con- structed, situated in the neighbourhood of the wall bj' the cast, the Saracens now frccpient a quadrangidar house of prayer, which with rough labour they built, con- structing it with straight plauks and large beams upon certain remains of ruins. Which house certainly can hold (as is reported) 3,000 men at once." Adamn., i, 1. MULES, Gate of King's — See Gates (of jEnusALEii). NATATORIA PISCINA— Antoninus Martyr, having from Siloam visited Aclieldama, and returning to the city came to this pool, which had iivQ jiorchi s, in one of which was a basUica of St. Mary. It was full of filth. The iron chain with which Judas hung himself kept in a dark corner. From it he went out by the " major " gate, and came to where St. Isitiiis' bo-atch. Mid doth, i, 1 . OLD GATE— See G.vtes (op jEra-s.\LEM). OLD POOL — A ditch made "between the two walls fur the water of the old i^ool." Isiiiali xxii, 11. OPHEL OR OPIILA— Jotham " built the high gate of the house of the Lord, ;uul on the wall of 0. he built much." 2 Chron. xxvii, 3. Manasseh " built a wall without the city of David, on the west side of Gihon in the valley, even to the entering in at the first gate, and compassed about O., and raised it up a very great height." 2 Chron. xxxiii, 14. KoTE — The Sept. (Vatic. MS.) reads, "He built a wall without the city of David, frciii tllfi spriug at the soutli iii the valley " (tiTrd Xi/3us kutu vutov in tw x"l-^"l'P'i']. " The Netheniuis dwelt in 0., unto (the place) over against the water gate towards the east, and the tower that lieth out. After them the Tekoites rcpaii'ed • another piece (of the wall) over against the great tower that lieth out, even unto the wall of O." Nehem. iii, 2G, 27. "The Nethinims dwelt in O." Do., xi, 21. 0[)hla mentioned. Wars, ii, 17, § 9. The first wall, after inclining from Siloam, " facing the east, towards Solomon's reservoir, and extending to a certain spot designated Oplila," joined the eastern colon- nade of the temple. Do., v, 4, § 2. At the siege, " John occupied the temple, and the parts about it to a considerable distance, with Ophla and the valley called Kedron. Do., v, G, § 1. After the capture of the temple, the Ptomans " set fire to the residence of the magistrates, the Acra, the Council Chamber, and the place called Ophla, the flames spreading as far as the palace of Queen Helena, which was in the centre of the Acra." Do., vi, G, § 3. ORNAN the Jebusite — The angel of the Lord seen by David standing by the threshing- floor of Araunah (^e/><., 'Opm) the Jebu.site. 2 Sam. xxiv, 16, 17; 1 Chron. xxi, 1.5, IG. David commanded by God to rear an altar to the Lord, in the threshiiigfloor of Arannah the Jebusite. Do., v, 18; (Sept., 'Opva) 1 Chron. xxi, 18. Which done. 2 Sam. xxiv, 23 ; 1 Chron. xxi, 23; xxii, 1. 5^ IliDEX. ORNAJSr the Jebusite — The temple built by Solomon "in Moimt Moriah, where the Loi'd appeared unto David his father, in the place that Da^-id had prepared in the threshingfloor of O. the Jebusite." 2 Chron. iii, 1. Theodorus {London MS.), in the midst of a description of Calvary, where, he says, " Abraham offered his son for a burnt oflering," and where " the cross of the Lord was found, where it is called Golgotha," writes thus, " And note that the place of Jerusalem, which is called the valley of vision by Isaiah the prophet, is the eminence of Moria, on which summit also is the little hill called Moria, on which Abraham sacrificed Isaac, where the Jews report that after[wards] the temple was built, and an altar, on which [hill] also Abraham made an altar, and David saw the angel sheathing the sword in the threshingfloor of Orna the Jebusite." Theod., Load. OTHER CITY, The — One of the four gates in the western quarter of the enclosure of the temple led " to the other city (ets ■n]v aXXijv ttoAu'), where the road descended do-svn into the valley by a great number of steps, and thence up again by the ascent ; for the city lay over against the temple in the manner of a theatre, and was encompassed •n-ith a deep valley along the entii-e south quarter." Ant, xv, 11, § 5. OTHER PIECE (of the Wall) — Somewhere between the old gate and the valley gate — apparently near the tower of the furnaces. Nehem. iii, 11. PALACE OF AGRIPPA and BERENICE— Sec Agrippa. PALACE OF DAVID— See David. PALACE BUILT BY GRAPTE— See Grapte. PALACE OF HELENA- See Helena. PALACE OF MONOBAZUS— See Monobazus. PALACE OF SOLOMON— See Solomon. PALACE, Royal— See King's Palace. PA LM TREE — From which the infants took branches, and strewed them in the ]iiitli of Christ — on the right side of the ascent to the Mount of Olives. Burg. Pilg., 280. PARBAPi — Mentioned in the divisions of the poi-ters of the temple gates — a locality to the westward of the first temple, apparently close to "the causeway." 1 Chron. xxvi, 18. P ASTOPHORIA— A tower built over the top of the P. (or " priests' chambers " t), by Jolin, at a corner of the temple enclosure (not the north-eastern), opposite the lower town. Wars, iv, 9, § 12. PAVEMENT— See Gabbatiia. l^ENTECOST— The scene of tlic descent of the Holy Spirit shown to St. Paula, ajijiar- eiitly in a church in Sion. Jerome, Episl. ad J'Justach., I, G97. The same scene shown to Arciil|ili in (ho Basilica on Mount Sion, and laid down in his sketch. Adamn., i, 13. PEP.GAMALA— The remains of Stephen lay in a field called P. Basil Selouc, OniL, 4 1 ; iliijne, p. 468. 55 PEEISTEEEOX A rock, mentioned in Titus' ci,-cu„n ullation, u.u- the Jlount of Olive. et;r:;t"p ■"" '' T^' '- *'- '°"^° °^^-^^'^^'"-' wi.ie,;i,;now tl Pueonu.nofPd.te[are]move or loss 100 paces The cohnnn which was iu U. hou. of^Ca.a,.has. at which the Lord CW was scou.,ecl. is now in «t. S,,:" St. si^^i.:::!^' s "^^"^^^^^ "^ —^^^^ ^^^^' ^'^--^ - ^--^ ^f Speaking of the church of St. Sin.eon, ou Mount Sion, where Christ washed the d.c,p.es feet and where the Virgin is said to have died, Bernard s,.ys, " N I hit oward. the nght, js a church in honour of St. Stephen, in which piL he is l,cliei' o have been stoned. But directly to the east is a church in honour of St. Pete a he place .n wluch he denied the Lord. To the north is the ten.ple of S, 1 •Solomon , havxng a synagogue of the Saracens. To the south are he iron'~ by whrch the angel of the Lord led Peter fron> prison, which after (that Zf2 set open." Bernard, 790. ^u,.it Lvtnt; aie rilAliAOH 6 DAUGHTER, House of-Built by Solomon. 1 Kin.^s vii 8 She came up to it " out of the city of David " Do iv oi" t/ ' c , said, "My w,Te shall not dwell in the^ouse of Lid W ;f Is.^ T" T PHiJiiuf A ^' ^"~" ''' -' " ''' ^-^ ^-^ — ^° ^'c::::^'^^ '''- A to.ver "the highest of the fortress " (.o? ^,,o.plo.). Wars, ii, 3, § 2 Mentioned as one of the royal towers. Do n ^ ii ' ' h ■ A tower built by Herod, near Hippicus'and Mariamne, "40 cubits snuare and the same u.sohd height. Over this, and embracing the whole structure w": gallery 10 cubits high, defended by breast works and battlements. Above tlii Id ^uig fronr Us centre, was built another tower, contaimng sumptuous apar 1 and also a bath, so that nothing w.s wanting to in.part to this toler the a pec to [ palace. lU summit was more richly adorned with battlements and parap 1 1. ippicus. and us entire altitude was about 00 cubits. In appearanc it resem tetowc.. of Pharos, which seizes as a lighthouse to tho.se saUing to Alexand though It was much greater in circumference." Z>o v 4 g 3 ^'^^amlua. Stood in the line of the ancient wall, w^hich iiseif Lod on a lofty hill " and higher s^dl rose up m front to the height of 30 cubits, a kind of crest of the h on this the towers rested, and thus accp.ii.ed a much greater altitude." Com If block of white marble cut, each 20 cubits long, 10 broad, and 5 deep, so ace ira elv joined that the tower seemed soUd. Z)o § 4 ' accurately 56 INDEX. PHAS^LUS — Allowed by Titus to stand, with. Hippicus :ind Mariamne, wLen the rest of the city was desti-oyed. and the walls, excepting that portion which enclosed the town on the west, razed. TTars, rii, 1, § 1. PINNACLE — See Corner of Very High Tower. PILATE, House or Prajtorium of — See Pr^etorium. PILLAR — See Column. PIXCHASL^S, Chamber of the Wardrobe of — Adjoining the Nicanorgate of the large atrium of the temple. Middoth, I, 4. PISCIN.iE — The following are indexed under their resjiective names : — Amygd.\lon. Bethesd.\, or Beth3aid.\, or Bezath.\, or Piscixis Gemellares, or Piscina Probatica. Dragon Well. Fountain, held by Simon. Fuller's Pool. GlHON. Hezeiviah"s Pool. Jeremiah's Pool. King's Pool. Lower Pool. Natatoria. Old Pool. Pool near Siloam. Pools and Subterranean Reservoirs near temple. Pools (Large) at Side of Temple. Pool that was Made. Serpent's Pool. Solomon's Reservoir. Strutiiius. SuiiTEllUANEAN WaTEUS. Upper Pool. POOL NEAR SILOAM — A large pool outside Siloam {alia piscina (jrandis /oras), mentioned by Burg. Pilg., 279. POOLS AND GREAT SUBTERRANEAN RESERVOIRS near Die temple, con- structed with great labour. Biii'g. Pilg., 278. POOLS (LARGE) AT SIDE OF TEMPLE— One on the right, the oilier on the left, built by Solomon in Jerusalem. Bethsaida farther williiu tlie city than these. Burg. Pilg,, 277. POOL THAT WAS MADE— Apparently mar (he sepulchres of David and the house of the mighty. Nchera. iii, IG. I'liAn'OlilUM, or House of Pilate-" Thence {i.e., from the site of David's Palace), that you may go outside tlic wall from Siou, on the road to the Neapolitan gate (nt INDKX. 57 PR/ETORIUJI— eas /oris muritm de Sion euntibns
    ord, and the sponge. Adamn., i, 4. SECOND GATE— See Gates (of Jerusalem). "SECRET PASSAGE — Built for Herod, from Antonia to the imier temple, at its eastern gate. A72t., XV, 11, § 7. Known b^' the name of Strato's tower, leading from the temjilo to Antonia, wlicre Antigonus was killed. Wars, i, 3, §§ 2-5. SEPULCHRE OF AHAZ— See Auaz. SEPULCHRE OF CHRIST— A new tomb hewn out in tlie roek. Matt, xxvii, fiO. Hewn out of a rock. Mark xv, 4G. A sepulchre hewn in stone, wherein never man before was laid. Luke xxiii, 53. In a garden in the place wliere Christ was crucified — ,a new sepulclire whorciii was never man yet laid. John xix, 41. " Nigh at hand." Do., 42. lyDEX. -9 SEPULCHRE OF CHRIST— The soliliers who watched at the sepulchre " came into the city, aiul sliowcil imto the chief pi-iests all the tilings that had been done." Matt, xxviii, 11. " A tomb hewn out of the rock, ia wliieh no ono had cvci- lain. Apoc. Coup., O'ospel of 2\icodeinus. First Greek Form, I, 11, p. 137. Joseph's own " new tomb, in wliieli no ono li id l;een laid." J)o., Lathi Form, i, 11. Do., 188. "A new tomb, where no one hail been put." Apoc. O'osp., The jVarralive of Joseph, 4. Do., 242. " Thence (from Golgotha) as if at [the distance of] a stone's tlirow, is the crypt whei-e Christ's body was placed, and rose on the third day. In the same place, at this moment, by command of the emperor Constantiue, a basilica has bien Iniilt, that is, a Lord's house (Dominicum), of admirable beauty, having at the side reservoirs whence water is raised, and a bath at the back, where infants are washed." Burg. Pilg., 279, 280. " The gi-ave itself was a cave, which had recently been hewn out ; a cave that had new been cut out iai a rock, and which had experienced [the reception of] no other body. For it was necessary that it, which was itself a wonder, should have the care of that corpse only. For it is astonishing how even this rock, standing out erect and alone in a level land, and having only one cavern within it ; lest had there been many, the miracle of Him who overcame death should have been observed." Eus., Theophania, III, 01, p. 199. " Impious and profane persons " had covered the entire spot with earth, which they raised to a moderate height, and paved over with stone, building thereon a gloomy shrine (o-kotiov /xi'xoi') to Venus. This shrine, cast down by order of Con- stantino, the earth removed, and the most holy cave of the Saviour's resurrection (to re ayi'ov tQv u.yiiDV avTpiov Trjv upoiav tIJs toC -wt?J/)09 dva/S iwa-emi) discovered. Do., Vita Const., iii, 26-8; II, p. 1085-9. A church ordered by Constantino to be built around the holy cave (J/xt/ii to a-iarripiov avTpov). Do., 29; p. 1089. " On the very spot which witnessed the Saviour's sufferings, a new Jerusalem was constructed, over against the one so celebrated of old (kut o.vtu to a-ojT-.jpwv fiapTVpiov i) Via KaTeo-Kcia^CTO 'l£poiJa-aA.);yti, dt'TnrpocroiTros Trj iraXaX liowpivij) Opposite to this city then (tuit;/' 6' ovv avriKph), the emperor reared a monument of the Saviour's victory over death, with rich and lavish munificence. Do., 33; p. 1093. " First of all, he (Constantine) adorned the holy cave, as the chief part of the whole— that hallowed monument at which the angel, radiant with light, had declared to all the regeneration manifested through the Saviour. (33.) This, then, first of all, as the chief part of the whole, the emperor's munificence decorated with rare coliunns, and in the noblest fashion, enriching it with all kinds of decorations. (34.) He next turned his attention to an extensive space of gi-ound, ojien to the pure air of heaven. This, which was sun-ounded on three sides with Ion" stretcliinc GO lyDEX. SEPULCHRE OF CHRIST— cii'cuits of colonnades, lie adoi'ncd with a pavement of finely polished stone. (35.) For to the side over against (KaTavTisph) the cave, which looked towards the rising sun, the roj^al temple (6 jSao-LXclos reus) joined, a noble work, raised to a great height, and of gi-eat extent in length and breadth. Its interior was lined with many coloured marbles, and the outer surface of the walls decorated with polished stones, exactly fitted together, exhibited a remarkable s]ilendour in no way inferior to that of marble itself. And above at the roof, the chambers were covered outside with lead, as a protection against the winter rains. But the inner part (jf the roof, decorated with sculjjtured panels, extending like a mighty sea over the whole royal house in compartments connected with each other, and overlaid with the purest gold, made the whole temple shine as with rays of light. (3G.) And on either side, double porticos of double colonnades, above and below ground (oi'ttwi' 0"Tou>v dvayeiuiv t« /cat Karayeit^iv Si£o/.io: Trapa (TTaSis) extended along the length of the temple, having their roofs gilt. Of these, those in front of the church (iirl Trpoa-iLivov tov oXkov) were sustained by enormous columns ; but those within these were carried upon masses of building, ornamented on the outside with great care. Three gates, lying exactly towards the rising sun, admitted the crowd of those entering. (37.) Opposite tliese [gates], the crowning part of the whole was the hemisphere raised to the summit of the basilica (tV aKpov rov ftacriX^'iov). It was suiTounded by twelve " columns, according to the number of the apostles of the Saviour, having theii- capitals adorned with large basins (Kpar-i'ipa-i), made of silver, which the emperor himself jiresented as a splendid offei'ing to his God. (38.) Thence going fonvard to the entrances which were before the temple, he interposed an open space. And there were here on each side, both the first court and colonnades in it, and after all the gates of the court.* Beyond these in the midst of the open market-placo (eV avT<5s /iloTjs — Att-tt'as uyo/jui), the entrance gates of the whole, of beautiful workman- ship, aflxirded to passers-by on the outside a marvellous sight of what was to be seen within. (39.) This temple, then, the emperor erected, as a conspicuous monunuiit of the Saviour's resurrection (o-wTvypt'oii aracTTuo-foj? cropyss jxaprvpiov) " (40.) />o.,p. 1093-1100. " In the province of Palestine, in the midst of the royal seat of tbe Hebrews, at the marturion of the Saviour itself (kot' uvto Sy tu o-ai-i/pt'ov paprvpiov), he (Constantine) raised a house of prayer, of great size, and a temple, sacred to the holy sign [of the cross], with rich and lavish magnificence, and adorned the monument worthy of everlasting remembrance, and the triumiihs of the mighty Saviour over death, with a s])lcndour beyond all words. And having cho.sen in that [country] three places, venerable from three mystic caves, these also he adorned with costly • Thia pas3.ige ia very obscure. The title of the chapter speaks only of one court. "Description of the inner court {/tttravXiov), the cxeilra;, and the porches." Perhaps, as Valosius suggests, the words, "on each side," should be tr.msposcd and placed after "colonnades." See bis note i;i loc; and Professor Willis's note to his own translation. Williams' I/oly Cilij, II, j). 245. lyDEX. 61 SEPULCHRE OF CHRIST— structures, giving iitting Iionoiir to tljo ca\o of (lie fli-st iippcaraiice of the Lord ; niul in Olio illustrating the romenihranco of his hist ascension from the mountain top; but iu the miiUllc one (tnt earth is sent from outside, and those who enter take a blessing out. The stone by which the monument was closed, is before the mouth of the monument ; the colour of the green stone, which was cut from the rock of Golgotha, now [cannot be distinguished, because] the stone itself is adorned with gold and gems. But the stone of the . monument is, as it were, of the nature of a millstone ; the ornaments infinite — by ii'on twigs there hang armlets, bracelets, neckchains, necklaces, chaplets for the head, twisted girdles, belts and coronets of emperors, with gold and gcmsf, and ■very many ornaments of empresses. The monument is thus after the fashion of a goal worked up with silver, and under golden suns an altar [is] placed before the monument. From the nioiuunent to Golgotha there are 80 steps." Do., §§ 18, 19. " In the basilica of Constantino, extending round the moninncnt on Golgotha, in the atrium of the basilica itself, is a chamber where the wood of the holy cross has been placed." Do., § 20. " In the city of Jerusalem at the sepulchre of the Lord, there is there the place of Calvary, there Abraham oftcred his son as a burnt-odcring, and because the m^junt is stony, on the mount itself— that is, at the foot of the mount itself — Abraham made an altar. Over the altar the mount impends, to which mount the ascent is by 8te](.s. From the sepulchre of the Lord to the place of Calvary arc 15 paces — it is under one roof. From tlie place of Calvary to Golgotha [are] 15 paces, where J.VDEX. ^.^ SEPULCHRE OF CHRIST— the cross of tho Lord was foiuul. l-'r.>in CuIgotJia to St. Syon [iuv] 200 iiuccs which is the mother of :ill cliurclics." Thcod., rurix. " From the [scene of tlie] iiassion of the Lord, which is tho phico of Calvary, to tlie sepulchre of the Lord [tho distance is] 15 paces. Tliere won were purged from their sins. There Abraham oflbred his sou for a bunit-oflering to the Lord; and because the mount is rocky it is ascended by steps. There tho cross of the Lord was found, where it is called Golgotha From C.Igotha to St. Syon [are] 200 paces, which is the mother of all elmrehcs." Thood., London. "From the sepulchre of the L.nd to the place of Calvary are 15 paces" Theod., St. Gulf. "There is a place at the third mile from the city of Jerusalem. When the Lady Mary, the mother of the Lord, went to Bethlehem, she alighted from an ass, and sat upon a stone and blessed it. But the same prefect Urbicius cut that stoue^ and made it square in the fashion of an altar, wishing to take it to Constantinople,' and when he came to the gate of St. Stephen, he couhl not move it farther, which stone one yoke of oxen was [up to that time] drawing. And when they saw that by no means were they able to move it on farther, it was recalled {revocaltis est) to the sepulchre of the Lord, and there an altar was made out of tho stone itself, and from the altar itself there is a communication. Nevertheless it is behind tin. sepulchre of the Loi-d." Theod., Paris. In the London MS. (very illegible here), the name of the gate is undecipherable, and from it the stone is said to have been brought (applicatur) to the sepulchre. Modestus " raised on high the honored temples of our Saviour Jesus Christ, the [temple of the] Holy Skull and the Holy Anastasis, and the house of the worshipped Cross, the mother of the Churches, the [Church of the] Holy Ascension, and the rest of the honored buildings." Antioch Mon., ji. 278. Sophronius, describing an imaginary visit to Jerusalem, speaks of first reaching the Anastasis, and gazing " on the sacred dome [«vy8ov], great and after the fashion of heaven four " .... (MS. imperfect). After kissing " the columns of the royal tomb, and the vessels around, shaped in the form of golden lilies on high," he passes " to the trij.le portico, all surrounded with gems," to draw near " the beautiful habitation, the place of a skull." Then he speaks of kissing " the sacred i.avel of the earth, and the stone where stood inC.xed " the cross. Then after an obscure reference to some portrait shown thereabouts, he visits the place where the cross was found, and gazes on the iced and sponge and lance, and then on what he calls "the rare beauty, the basilica, where crowds of monks sing nocturnal hymns." Sophronius, xx, \>i>. 113-4. The church built over it, round, all of stoiie, rising from its foundations on three walls, with spaces of roadway between ; with three altars in the middle v all, luoking respectively to the south, north, and west. Twelve stone columns support it. " It has twice quadruple gates— V. e., four entrances fashioned through the three walls, c rcr/iOKe 64. I^'DEX. SEPULCHRE OF CHRIST— interjectis viaruin spaliis stahilitos, of wliicli four exits look to the north 'east-wiiid the otlier four look to tlie south-east wind." In tlie middle of the interior is a round gi-otto (teguriuin), cut iu one and the same rock, in which nine men can pray standing. The height of the grotto, a foot and a half from a tall man's head. Its entrance looks to the east. It is covered outside with choice marble, its top ornamented with a large gold cross. The sepulchre itself is on the north side of the grotto, 7 feet long, 3 palms in height above the pavement. The sepulchre is not divided for the feet, but roomy for ona person, and the head slightly elevated. The entrance looks from outside (e reyione) to the southern part of the monument. Adamn., i, 3. After describing the cave of the sepulchre, Adamnanus goes on to say that, " in the same church there is a certain cave, cut out iu stone below the place of the Lord's cross " ; but he seems here, from what follows (equidcm Guljvthancc Evclcsia:), to be speaking of the church of Golgotha, not of the Anastasis. Do. The grotto of the sepulchre, not ornamented within, and showing over its whole cavity marks of tools. The colour of the stone, red and white. Do., 4. The round church built over the sepulchre, called the Anastasis. Do., 5. Has the church of St. Mary adjoining it to the right. Do., 5. Between the Anastasis and the basilica of Constantino, an open space extends as far as the church of Golgotha. Do., 7. Beside the three crosses which stood under a roof outside the church of Calvary, is " that garden iu which was the sejnikhie of the Saviour. That sepulchre was cut in stone, and that stone stands above the earth, and is quadrangular below, but tapering at the top. And a cross now stands on the summit of that sepulchre, and then above it is now built a wonderful dwelling, and on the eastern side in that stone is the gate of the sepulchre, by which men enter into the sejiulchre to jn-aj'. And there within is the ' lectus ' in which the body of the Lord lay. And there in the ' lectus ' stand fifteen golden cups with oil burning day and night. That ' lectus,' in which the body of the Lord lay, stands Avitliin on the side of the nortli in the stone of the .sepulchre, and is on the right hand of a man, when he enters into the sepulchro to pi-aj'. And there before the door of tlie sepulchre lies that great quadrangular stone, iu the likeness of the former stone, which (he angel mo\cd Ijack from the door of the monument." "Willib. (Held.), Canis., II, 111-12. In the other version of the life of St. Williljald, which follows in Canisius, there is no reference. to the se[)ulchre itself, except that tlie writer speaks of Willibald weeping over the actual stone removed by the angel frorii " the door of the monu- ment." Do., 119. List of Prcsbytere, Deacons, etc., in Cliurch of the Holy S;^pulolire. Common., p. 77. The Church of the Sepulchre measured " In gyro ilcvlcroa cvn, ilia alcuba Liu." From it to Calvary was 28 dextors, from Calvary to where the Cross was found 18 dextcrs, between the Sei)ulchrc and Calvary and St. Constantino the IXDliX. 65 SEPULCHRE OF CHRIST— roof which strotchctl \v;is in its entirety 9G ilexters long and 30 broad. ('^ ilhirnm tectum in integrum fiahit in lomjos dexteros xcvi, in ailverso xxx." J Commcm., p. 33. '•Within Jcrusnk'in, besides other churclics, are fonr principal ones, adjoining each otlier with common walls ; one bnilt to the east, which contains Mount Cal- vary, and tlie place in which the cross of the Lord was found, and [which] is called the basilica of Constantino ; another to the south ; a third to the west, in the middle of which is the sepulchre of Cod, having nine culnnuis in its circuit, between which are walls of most excellent stones; of which nine colnnins, four arc in front of the monument itself, which with their walls include (chtiuliinl) the stone (ilaced before the scpulclire, which the angel rolled back, and upon which he sat after the resuri'ection of the Lord had been completed. Concerning this sepulchre, it is not necessary to wnite more, when Bode in his history tolls suflicient concerning it. Yet this must be told, that on the holy Saturday, which is the vigil of Easter, early in the morning an office is begun in this church, and after the office is completed, Kirie Eleison is sung until, at the coming of an angel, the lamjis which hang over the aforesaid sepulchre arc lighted up (lumen in lampudihus acenJatur) Between, then, the aforesaid four chui-ches, is a paradise {paradisus) without a roof, where walls shine with gold ; the pavement, indeed, is laid with the " most precious stone, having in its centre the end of four chains, wliich come from the aforesaid fonr churches, in which [centre or paradise] is said to bo the middle of the world" {In quo dlcilur medius esse mundus). Bernard, 789-90. The Churches of Constantine, of the Skull, and of the Sepulchi-e destroyed by Cesra (Chosroes). Eutychius, II, 21.3. And raised up by Modestus in the form that now exi.sts. Do., p. 218. Church built by Helena on site of sepulchre, and on Golgotha, and at Bethlehem, and in the cave where Christ was born, and on the scene of the ascension. Georg. Hamart., p. 45. SEPULCHRE OF DAVID— See David. SEPULCHRE OF JEHORAM— See Jehoram. SEPULCHRE OF JEHOSHAPHAT— See JEHosHAniAT. SEPULCHRE OF JOASH— See Joash. SEPULCHRE OF JOSEPH— See Joseph. SEPULCHRE OF MARY— See Mary. SEPULCHRE OF SOLOMOX— See Solomon. SEPULCHRE OF STEPHEN— See Stephen. SEPULCHRE OF SYMEOX— See Svmeon. SEPULCHRE OF ZACHARIAS— See Zacharias. SERGIUS, St., Church or Chapel of — Mentioned in connection with Church or jSIonastery of St. John, in or near Jenisalem. Commem., p. 79. 66 ly-DEx. SERPENT'S POOL — The "whole space from Scopus to the monumeuts of HeroJ, adjacent to what is called ' the Serpent's Pool,' " reduced by Titns to a level at the commencement of the siege. Wars, x, 3, § 2. SHALLECHETH GATE— See Gates (op Temple). SHEEP GATE— See Gates (of City). SHEEP MARKET — " Now there is at Jerusalem by the sheep market a pool, which is called in the Hebrew tongue Bethesda, ha^-ing five porches." John v, 2. The word "market" is not in the oi-iginal (iTrl rg ■n-pofSarLKiJ). SILOAH — Somewhere between the dung gate and ' the place over against the sepulchres of David.', Nehem. iii, 14-lG. Shallum vepaii'ed the gate of the fountain and set up "the wall of S. by the king's garden, and unto the stairs that go down from the city of David." Nehem. iii, 15. " The waters of Shiloah that go softly." Isaiah viii, 6. " The valley of the Cheesemongers, as it was designated (the Tyropean), whicli divided the hill of the upper town from that of the lower, extended as far as S., as we call it, a fountain whose waters arc at once sweet and copious." Wars, V, 4, § 1. The first wall, after stretching through Bethso to the gate of the Essenes, " turned and advanced with a southern aspect above the fountain of S., whci'e it again inclined facing the east, towards Solomon's reservoir " and Ophla. Do., § 2. Simon at the commencement of the siege occupied " as much of the old wall, as bending eastward from S. descended to the palace of Monobazus." Do., 6, § ]. Titus' wall of circumvallation after reaching the moiint of Olives included the rock called Pcristereon, and " the adjoining hill which overhangs the ravine near S." Thence inclining to the west, it went down into the valley of the fountain, and Ijeyond that ascended by the monument of the High Priest A nanus. Do., 12, § 2. After the destruction of the tcmjilc and the burning of Ophla, the Romans "having driven the brigands from the lower town, burned all, as far as S." Do., vi, 7, § 2. "As you go out of Jerusalem {excuntihus Hierusalem, Verona and St. Gall MSS. ; exeunti in, Hierusalem, Paris I\IS.), that you may ascend Sion, on the left side, and down in the valley, near the wall, is the pool which is called Silloa, it has a (juailrviple porch, and another large pool [is] outside. This foimtain runs for six days and nights, but on the seventh day, which is the Sabbath, it runs not at all, neither by night nor by day. In the same [place] Sion is ascended." Rurg. Pilg., 279. " We especially wlio live in this pro^^nce cannot doubt that Siloc is the fountain at the foot of Mount Sion (ad radices montls Sion) which does not break forth with perennial watera, but at certain hours and daj's, and comes with great sensations through the liollows of the eartli and casei'iis of rock." Jerome, Coyn. in Isala/i, viii. r>, anil iv, 119. INDEX. G7 SILOAH— The only fountain at Jeruwilcin, iuid Jul not give a constant supply (Tjio qnippefonta SUoc, ct hoc noa 2)er2)eUts iitilur cacilai<). Jerome, Com. in Jcrou., xiv, 1 ; IV, 937. "We i-oail nioi-c tli:in once that there vas an idol of ]!aal near Jerusalem, at tlie foot of Mount Moriah, where Siloe llowod " (ad radices viont'ts Morla in qnlhus Siloe Jluit). Do., Com. in Malt., x, 28; VII, G2. At the altar of Abi-aham at Golgotha " there is an ajjerture wliere you put your ear, and will hear the flow of water ; and if you throw in an apple, or fruit, or any- thing else that can swim, and go to the fountain of S. there too will you receive it. Between S. and Golgotha I believe there is a mile (miliarium). Jerusalem has not any running water except the fountain of S." Anton., § 19. Antoninus descended from an arch, where was an ancient gate of the city, by many steps to the fountain of S., and " saw the round basilica from under which Siloe rises," with two reservoirs of marble, and between these enclosures of wooden railings. In one of these men, in the other women, wash for the sake of a blessing. " In which waters many virtues are displayed, yea, even lepers are made clean. Before the atrium is a great pool built round by the hand of man, iu which the people wash continually ; for at certain times only the fountain itself pours out many ■watei-s, which descend through the valley of Getlisemaue, which is also called Josaphat, even to the Jordan, and enter the Jordan at the 2)lace where it falls into the Salt Sea, below Sodom and Gomorrah." Bo., § 24. " The fountain of SLloa is now included within the city, because Eudoxia, the empress, herself added walls to the city." Bo., § 25. " Going out from S." Antoninus came to Acheldama. Bo., § 2G. "The fislipool Siloa is 100 paces distant from the lake where Jeremiah the jjrophet was thrown in, which fishpool is within the wall." Theod., Paris. "From Syloa to the lake of lions, where Jeremiah was thrown in, [are] lOO paces; the fishpool is within the wall." Bo., Lond. Near Bethany is a pool where Lazarus washed after being raised from the dead, and on the western declivity of Olivet the marble on which our Lord descended from the foal of an ass. " Between these, to the south, in the valley of Josaphat, is the pool of Syloc" {natatoria Si/loe). Bernard, 791. SIMEOX, SepMilchre of — Simeon, the just man, who embraced the infant Jesus in the temple, buried with Joseph in a stone house cut out of the rock, adjoining on the right hand the tower of Jehoshaphat. Adamn., i, 14. SIMON, Sepulchre of — St. Simon buried with St. James and St. Zacharias in one monumental tomb in mount Olivet. Theod., Paris. SniON, Tower built by— See Tower. SIGN, or ZION— " David took the stronghold of Zion, the same is the city of David." 2 Sam. v, 7 ; 1 Chron. xi, 5. Solomon assembled the elders of Israel, .so " that the}' might bring the ark 68 INDEX. SION, or ZIOX— of the Lord out of tLe city of David, wliicli is Zion." 1 Kings ^•iii, 1 ; 2 Chrou. V, 2. " Yet have I set my king upon my lioly bill of Zion." Psalm ii, G, " The Lord who dwellcth in Zion." Psalm ix, 11 ; Isaiah viii, 18. " Beautiful for situation, the joy of the whole earth, is mount Zion, on the sides of the north, the city of the great King." Do., xlviii, 2. " Out of Zion, the perfection of beaiity, God hath shined." Do., 1, 2. " Oh that the salvation of Israel were come out of Zion." Do., liii, G. " Remember . . . this mount Ziou wherein thou hast dwelt. Lift up thy feet unto the perpetual desolations ; even all that the enemy hath done wickedly in the sanctuary." Do., lx.\iv, 2, 3. " In Judah is God known, his name is great in Israel. In Salem also is his tabernacle, and his dwelling-place in Zion." Do., Ixxvi, 1, 2. The Lord " chose the tribe of Judah, the mount Zion which he loved, and he built his sanctuary like high palaces." Do., Ixxviii, GS, G9. " They go from strength to strength, eveiy one of them in Zion appcareth before God." Do., Ixxxiv, 7. " The Lord loveth the gates of Zion more tlian all the dwellings of Jacob." Do., Ixxxvii, 2. " Tlie Lord is great in Zion." Do., xcLx, 2. " The Lord shall bless thee out of Zion." Do., cxxviii, 5. " The Lord hath chosen Zion ; he hath desired it for his habitation." Do., cxxxii, 13. " Behold, bless j'e the Lord, all ye servants of the Lord, which l_)y night stand in the house of the Lord. Lift up your hands in the sanciuari/, and bless the Lord. The Lord that made heaven and earth bless thee out of Zion." Do., exxxiv. "Blessed be the Lord out of Zion, which dwelletli at Jerusalem." Do., cxxxv, ."1. "The Lord shall reign for ever, even thy God, O Zion." Do., cxlvi, 10. "Praise the Lord, O Jerusalem : praise thy God, O Zion." Do., cxlvii, 12. "Let us go up to tlic mountain of the Lord, to the house of the God of Jacob For out of Zion shall go forth tlio law, and the word of (he Lord out of Jerusalem." Isaiali ii, 3. "The Lord hath founded Zion, and the i)oor of his people shall trust in it." Isaiah xiv, 32. " Tlie place of the name of the Lord of hosts, the mount Zion." Do., xviii, 7. "Tlie moon shall Ije confounded, and tlie sun ashamed, when the Lord of liosts shall reign in I\[ount Zion, and in Jerusalem." Do., xxiv, 23. " Behold I lay in Zion fm- a fnundation a stone, a tried stone, n precious corner stone." Do., xxviii, 1 G. "The people sliall dwell in Ziou at Jerusalem." Do., xxx, 19. INDEX. 60 SION, or ZION— " So sliall tlie Lord of hosts conic down to fight for Mount Zion, nnd for tin; hill thereof. As birds flying, so will the Lord of hosts defend Jerusalem." Isaiah xxxi, 1, 5. " The Lord, whoso lire is in '/Aon, and his furnace in Jei'usalcm." Do., 9. " Zion, the city of our solemnities." Do., xxxiii, 20. " Out of Jcru.salem shall go forth a remnant, and they that escape out of Mount Zion." Do., xxxvii, 32. " I will place salvation in Zion for Israel my glory." Do., xlvi, 13. "Put on thy strength, O Zion ; put on tliy beautiful garments, O Jerusalem, the holy city." Do., Hi, 1. " The Redeemer shall come to Zion." Do., lix, 20. " The city of the Lord, the Zion of the Holy One of Israel." T)o., Ix, 14. " Is not the Lord in Zion? " Jerem. viii, 19. " There shall be a day, that the watchmen upon the mount Ephraini shall say, Arise ye, and let us go up to Zion, unto the Lord our God." Do., xxxi, 6. " The voice of them that flee and escape out of the land of Babylon, to declare in Zion the vengeance of the Lord our God, the vengeance of his temple." Do., 1, 28. " Blow ye the trumpet in Zion, and soiuid an alarm in my holy mountain." Joel ii, 1. " In mount Zion and in Jerusalem shall be deliverance." Do., 32. " So shall ye know that I am the Lord your God, dwelling in Zion, my holy mountain." Do., iii, 17. " The Lord dwelleth in Zion." Do., 21. " The Lord will roar from Zion, and utter his voice from Jerusalem." Amos i, 2. "Woe to them that arc at ease in Zion, and trust to the mountain of Samaria." Do., vi, 1. " Upon mount Zion shall be deliverance, and there shall be holiness." Obad. 17. "And Saviours .shall conu' up in mount Zion, to judge the mount of Esau." Do., 21. " The law shall go forth of Zion, and the word of the Lord from Jeiiisalem." Micah iv, 2. " The Lord shall reign over them in mount Zion from henceforth." Do., 7. " The kings of Persia .... honoured the temple of our Lord, and raised up the desolate S." 1 Esdras viii, 81. " I, Esdras, saw upon the mount S. a great people, whom I could not number . . . . So I asked the angel, and said, Sir, what are these ? He answered and said unto me, These be they that have put off the moital clothing, and put on the immortal, and have confessed the name of God." 2 Esdras ii, 42-45. "Of all builded cities thou ha.st hallowed S. to thyself" Do., v, 25. " S., our mother, is full of all heaviness." Do., x, 7. 70 ISDEX. SIOX, or ZIOX— " I . . . . am come into tins place to pray for the desolation of S., and tLat I might seek mercy for the low estate of your sanctuary." 2 Esdras xii, 48. " Then shall my Son be declared .... he shall stand upon the top of the mount Sion." Do., xiii, 32, 35. " Cruel things agaLast thy covenant, and thy hallowed house, and against the top of mount S., and against the house of the possession of thy children." Judith ix, 13. " In the holy tabernacle I (Wisdom) served before Him, and so I was estab- lished in S. Likewise in the beloved city he gave me rest, and in Jerusalem was my power." Ecclesiasticus xxiv, 10. After the defeat of Lysias by Judas, " Then said Judas and his brethren, Behold our enemies are discomfited ; let xxs go up to cleanse and dedicate the sanctuary. Upon this all the host assembled themselves together, and went up into mount S. And when they saw the sanctuary desolate, and the altar profaned .... yea, and the priests' chambers pidled down, they rent their clothes." 1 IMac. iv, 36-39. "Mount S., built up with high walls and strong towers round about." Do., ix, 60. " They went up to mount S. with joj- and gladness, where they oflered burnt- oflfei-ings." Do., v, 54. Antiochus " pitched his tents against [us in] Judea, and against mount S. . . . . and besieged the sanctuary many days." Do., vi, 48, 51. The wall round momit S. ordered to be pulled down by Antiochus. Do., 62. "After this went Nicanor up to mount S., and there came out of the sanctuary certain of the priests .... to show him the burnt sacrifice that was offered for the king. But he mocked them .... and sware in his wrath. Unless Judas and his host be now delivered into my hands, if ever I come again in safety I will burn up this house ; and with that he went out in a great rage. Then the priests entered in, and stood before the altar and the temple weeping, and saying, Thou, O Lord, didst choose this house, to be called by thy name, and to be a house of prayer and petition for thy people. Be avenged of this man and his host." Do., vii, 33-38. See 2 Mac. xiv, 31, where Nicanor, on this occasion, is said to have gone " into the great and holy temple." "The walls and the mount S. i-ound about," built by tlie command of Jonathan " with square stones for fortification." Do., x, 11. Tallies of brass in honour of Simon, set uji upon jiillars in mount S. J)o., xiv, 27. See verso 48, where these tables of brass are said to have been " sot uj) within the compass of the sanctuary, in a conspicuous i)lacc." Mount S. contrasted with the mount that might be touclud. lleb. xii, 22. IXDfX. '1 SIGN, or ZION— " I lookcil, ami lo a Lamb stood on flio mount Sion." Rev. xiv, 1. Note. — Tho above jjassages — a mere selection of those in wliicli in the Bilile anil Apocrypha the name occurs — are mainly cliosen as appearing to have a greater or less bearing on the question whether Sion included the temple hill. The word Sion docs not once occur in tho writings of Josephns. " The Jews considering S. to he a divine mountain, report it also to bo ft place consecrated to God, chosen of tlic Father of old ; and tliey say so for this reason, that on it tlie temple was built by Solomon, and all the Levitical and priestly woi'sliip was there carried on." Origcn In Joann. iv, 19-20; Migne, XIV, 417. The Burgundy Pilgrim, having described the site of Solomon's temple, says, "Also, as you go out of Jerusalem {cxeimtibus Uierusalem, Verona and St. Gall MSS. ; exeund In Uierusalem, Paris IMS.), that you may ascend S., on the left side, and down in the valley, near tlie wall, is the pool which is called SUloa Tn the same [place] Sion is ascended, and there a])peais [the place] where was the hou.s(; of Caifas the ])riest ; and the column is still there at which they beat Christ with scourges. But inside, within tho wall of S., the place appears where David had his palace Thence, that you may go outside the wall from S. (ut easforis mnrum de Sion cuntihus ad porlam N'eapolitanam), on the road to the Neapolitan gate, on the right side, down in the valley, are the walls where was the house, or prsetorium, of Pontius Pilate But on the left side is the little eminei.ce Golgotha." Burg. Pilg., 279. Epiphanius sjieaks of "the Acra which formerly existe.l on S., but is now cut down." Epiph., Adver. Hur., 40, cap. 5, vol. 41, page 844. Tho prediction of Isaias, that S. would be ploughed up as a field, fulfilled in the time of CjTil. Cyril, Cat., XVI, 18, p. 944. Going out from the Sepulchre, St. Paula ascended S., " which is turned towards the citadel, or watch tower " {quae in arcem vel speculum veriitur). " There was shown there a column supporting the door of a church, stained with the blood of the Lord, to which it is said he was bound and scourged." The scene also of the descent of the Holy Spirit at Pentecost, shown apparently in S. Jerome, E/i!st. nd Eustach., I, par. 2, p. 698. " S. indeed is tho mountain on which the city of Jerusalem was built, which afterwards was taken by David [and] is called the city of David. Nor do I dispute that tliere were in it holy men, when it held the tabernacle of God, and afterwards the temple was built." Do., In Isaiah i, 21 ; IV, 24. Apparently the temple hill. Do., ii, 3; p. 33 ; ix, 8 ; p. 137. " S., that is, the citadel and temple." Do., .xxii, 1, 2, p. 220. Tlie lower part of Jerusalem betrayed, and nothing but the citadel, S., and the temple remaining. Do., xxxvi, iv, p. 454. " S. is the citadel of Jei-usalem." Do., In Zach. ix, 9 ; VI, p. 862. 72 lyDKX. SION, Basilica of— Tlie nortbeni and lower parts of tlie city taken, and nothing left intact but " tlie mountain of the temple and S., in which was the citadel." Jerome, In Zuch., ix, 9 ; VI, p. 914. See the curious passage in the Comment, in Zachariah, xiv, 4, 5. 'Do., VI, p. 917-8. " S. is a loft}" hill, upon v>'hich the temple of God was built." Euscb., In Isaiam, xxii, 1 ; VI, 245. Aceldama was " in the north of the mountain of S." Do., 30. (Jerome however places it " at the southern district of mount S." Do., 31.) Golgotha was " at the north of the hill of S." Do., Onom, 1 GO. " S., a mountain in Jerusalem." Do., 340. The basilica in S. spoken of hy Antoninus as apparently in the same locality as the basilica at the monument of the Lord, the basilica of St. Mary, and of St. Sophia, wliich was the Pretorium. Anton., § 9. S. visited after the Anastasis, Golgotha, Calvary, &c., as the place where " under the force of tongues of fire the glory descended. "Where also, the King of all, instituting the mystic supper, wathed the feet of [His] followers, teaching [them] humility." Sophron., XX, p. 115. Apparently the scene of the scourging of Christ. Do., do., Had the gate of Da\id on its western side. Adamn., i, 1. "The gate of David adjoins the gentle slope of mount S. on the western side." Do., IG. A wall stretched froni the gate of Da\id " by the northern brow of mount S. which from the south (e meridione) overhangs the city, to that part of the same mountain with which aljrupt rock looks to the eastern district." Do., 1. Jeru.salcm lies with a gentle slope, beginning fi'om the northern brow of mount S., to the lower places of the northern and eastern walls. Do., 1. Acheklamah to the southern side of mount S. Do., 19. See also under next headinr/. SIOX, Easilica of — Originally seven churches in S., of which one only remains. Bm-g. Pilg., 279. St. Paula saw in S. a column suppoi'ting the porch of a church, to which the Lord was bound and scourged. Jerome, Ejnst. ad Uustach., I, pars. 2, p. G98. A little church, constructed on a part of S. which was over the city, where the disciples, after the ascension, partook of the supper together, remained in (he time of Adrian. Epiph., De Mem. cl Pond., 15 ; III, p. 2G1. Spoken of by Antoninus Martyr as ajiparently in the same locality' as the l-asilica over the sepulchre, the basilica of St. Mary, anil tliat of St. Sophia, wliich was the Pretorium. Anton., § 9. From the tower of David, apparently overhanging the valley of Jehosluiphal, Antoninus comes to the basilica of the holy S. — there was the stone of the corner, ISDL-X. wg SIGN, or ZrON— the colimiu at which Christ was scourged, the horn out of whicli kings wore iuiointeil, the crown of thorns ami the huico, anil many stones with wliich Steiihcn was stoned. Also the coluuiu on which was the cross of St. Peter, and the chalice of the apostles. A convent of women there. Also the head of the martyr Tlicodotas. From it he went to the basilica of St. Mary. Anton., § 22-23. " From Golgotha to St. Syon [are] 200 paces, which is the mother of all chuixlies, which Syon our Lord Christ M-ith the apostles founded. It was the house of St. Mark the evangelist. From St. Syon to the house of Caiaphas, tuhkh is now the church of St. Peter, are more or less 50 paces." Theod. Paris. The London MS. omits the words in italics. The column of flagellation, formerly in the house of Caiajihas, now in St. Syon. Do., Paris and LoncL A very great basilica Iniilt in S. of which Arculph gives a i)lan. There was there the stone on which Stephen fell asleep. Outside it to the west was the stone of the flagellation. This church built of stone in the higher level plain of mount S. Adamn., i, IS. In the plan the column of the flagellation is within the church, as also the site of the death of the Virgin, and of the descent of the Holy Spirit, and the place of the Lord's supper. The church which is called St. S. visited by WOlibald— "it stands in the middle of Jerasalem." Thence ho went into the portico of Solomon. Willib. (Held.), Can., II, 112. St. Mary died in that place "in the middle of Jerusalem," which is called St. Syon. Do. The church of mount S., "situated in the middle of the city," visited by Willibald. He prayed to Stejihen who had been " translated thither." "Willib. (Oxon.), Can., II, 119. Seventeen presbytei-s and clerks in St. S., of whom five in (church or chapel of) St. Peter, and five in Pretorium. Commem., ]>. 78. Church of St. S., " in lonrjo hahet chxteros 31 ; in transversos, 26." Do., p. 83. After speaking of tlu^ four churches at and near the sepulchre, Bernard writes, " There is besides in the city itself {in ipsa civitate) another church to the south on mount S., which is called [the church] of St. Symeon, whei-e the Lord washed the feet of His disciples, in which the substituted (vicaritim) crown of thorns of the Lord hangs ; and in it St. Mary is reported to have died. Near which towards the east is a church in honour of St. Stephen, in the place where he is believed to have been stoned. But directly to the east is a church in honour of St. Peter, in the place in which he denied the Lord. To the north is the temple of Symeon (Jligne and MabUlon read "Solomon"), having a synagogue of the Saracens. To the south are the golden gates Ijy which the angel of the Lord led Peter from the prison, which afterwards are not open. But going out from Jerusalem we descended into the valley of Jehoshaphat," &c. Bernard, IV, 790. 74 ISDEX. SOLOMON, House or Palace of— Built 1 Kings, vii, 1. Under the pinnacle of the to^ver wliere was the stone of the corner, " are very many chambers where Solomon had a palace. There also exists the chamber in wliich he sat and discoursed wisdom ; but the chamber itself is covered with one stone. There are there also great subterranean reservoirs of v.-ater, and pools constructed with gi-eat labour." Burg. Pilg., 278. " In Jerusalem is a chamber, covered by a single stone, where Solomon wrote the Book of Wisdom ; and there between the temple and the altar, in the marble before the altar, the blood of Zacbarias was shed." Innom., I, 113. The place where " the chief of the jwiests of ^\^sdom gave \itterance to his own discoveries," visited by Sojihronius between Sion and the Piscina Probatica. Sophronius, XX, p. 11 G. SOLOMOX, Porch of— From the church of St. Syon, Willibald went " into the porch of Solomon. There there is a fishpool," which lie identities with the scene of the miracle at Bethesda. Willib. (Heid.), Can., II, 113. SOLOMON, Pteservoir of — Near the first wall between Siloiim and Ophla. Wars, V, 4, § 1. SOLOMON, Sepulchre or Monument of — Fell in in the time of Hadrian. Dio Cassius, LXIX, U, p. 1162. SOPHIA, Church of St. — At the place where v.-as the Pretorium. Anton., § 13. At the Pretorium of POate. Theod. Paris. XoTE. — In the London MS. t'ue Church of St. Sophia is spoken of .as at the house of C.aiai)has, but a sentence woiild seem to have been omitted. SPECIOSA, Porta— See Gates of Temple (1.) STAIRS (1) "Down fiom the city of David" — Between the pool of Siluam by the king's garden, and the place over against the sepulchre of David. Nehem., iii, I.T-IG. At the going up of the wall above tlie house of David, and between the fountain gate, and the water gate eastward. Do., xii, 37. (2) On road from temple to castle — mentioned. Acts xxi, 35-10. There was a descent to the former from the latter. Sec Acts xxi, 32 ; xxii, 30; xxiii, 10. (3) From west enclosure of temple to the " other city " — with many steiis descending into the valley and x\p again on the other side. Ant., xv, 11, § 5. (1) Jlontioncd in 2 Kings ix, 13; and Nchcm. ix, 1; Ijut with no indication as to locality. STEPHEN, Church of— His church and sepuk-hi-c built by Eudoxia.. Anton., g 2."). His church outside the Galilean gate, where he was stoned ; built b\- Tlieodosia. Theod. Paris and Loai. Dedicated by Eudoxia l.Otli January (IGd). Cyril's Life of St. Eut/iyiniiis. Acta iSanct., Jan. 2, p. 082. Cliurch or monastery of St. S. mentioned, where two clerks and liflceu leprous peojile lived. Common., p. 78. /\n/.x. 75 STEPHEN, Clnireli of— CLurcli 01- clinpcl of St. S., mentioncti in connection with clnn-eli or monastery of St. Mary, at lier toiul) in valley of Jelioshapliat. Commcin., p. 78. A church in Jidiiuur of St. S. towards the cast of the basilica of St. Syon, where he is l.elieved to have been stoned. Directly to the cast of it is the church of St. Teter. Bernard, IV, 790. STEPHEN, Gate of— "On the road which looks to the west, wliich descends to Jalla and Ca'.sarea Pahvstinaj in the city of Diospolis, which was foniu'rly called Azatus"— St. George the martyr rests in it. Anton., § 50. Frbicius, taking the stone on which the Virgin rested near Bethlehem to Constantinople, passed by this gate. See the legend under "Sepulchre of Christ." Thcod. Paris. The third mentioned by Arculph, between the gate of the Fullers' villa and the gate of Benjamin. Adamn., i, 1. STEPHEN, Scene of Death of— Outside the city, Acts vii, 58. Outside the Galilean gate. Thcod. Paris and Lond. Outside the city. Ad,amn., i, 13. Where his church was towards the east of the basilica of Sion, with the church of St. Peter directly to its east. Bernard, IV, 790. STEPHEN, Sepulclire of— Built by Eudoxia, and G gressus from the sepulchre of Eudoxia— an arrow's throw outside the gate called after him on the Joppa road. Anton., § 25. Note.— Willibalil speaks of worshipping Stephen in the chnrch of Mount Syon " translatnm illKC." Willib. (O.xon,), Can., II, 119. The remains of Stephen taken and buried in the vicinity of the New Jerusalem. Bixsil. Sel., Oral. 41 ; 3Iif/ne, p. 4G8. His remains lay in a field called Pergamala. Do. STONE AT THE DOOR OF THE SEPULCHRE OF CHRIST— See under Sepulchre of Ciiuist. STONE ON WHICH THE VIRGIN RESTED— See Legend from Theodoras under SEPULcnnE OF Cupjst. STONE PERFORATED (hqns 2}ertus7is}—l^ ot far from the .statues of Adrian, in the area of the temple. Burg. Pilg., 279. STONES WITH WHICH STEPHEN AVAS STONED-Many of them seen by Antoninus, in the basilica of Sion. Anton., § 22. The stone on which he died, in the basilica of Sion. Adamn., i, 18. STRATO'S TOWER — Between Antonia and the temple, where the passage was very dark. Ant., xiii, 11, § 2. A dark subterranean iiassage, between Antonia and the temple. Wars, i, 3, §§2-5. See Secret Passage. 76 INDEX. STREETS— See Jerusalem. Baker's Street — Mentioned, Jerem. xxxvii, 21. East Street — ^Mentioned, 2 Chron. xxix, 4. Apparently near the temple. Ephraim, Street of the Gate of — Mentioned, Nehem. viii, 1 7. Gate of the City, Street of — Mentioned, 2 Clu-on. xxxii, G. House of God, Street of — Mentioned, Ezra x, 9. Apparently tlie same as " the broad conrt of the temple." Compare 1 Esdras ix, G. Water Gate, Street of the — ^Mentioned, Neliem. viii, 1 7. STREETS LEADING DOWN OBLIQUELY TO RAMPARTS— Within tlie second wall, " at that part of the new town where were the woolmarts, the braziei-s' shops, and the clothes market." Wars, v, 8, § 1. STRUTHIUS — A mound thrown up by the fifth legion, at the Antonu, " o]iposite to the middle of the reservoir called Struthius." Wars, v, 11, § 4. SUBTERRANEAN WATERS— Great receptacles of, near the temple and the site of Solomon's palace. Burg. Pilg., 278. SUBL'^RBS — Two gates led from the western enclosure of the tem2:)le to the suburbs. Ant., XV, 11, § 5. Abandoned by the insurgents, when terror-struck by the Romans under Cestius, they retired into the inner city and the temple. Cestius, on entering, set fire to Bezetha, the Coenopolis, and the timber market. Wars, ii, 19, g 4. SUPPER, Scene of the Last — In the church of St. Maiy, in the valley of Jehoshaphat — four couches there. Theod. Paris and Loud. See Adamn., i, 15. KoTE. — In the plan of the basilica of Sion, given liy Ailamn., i, IS, is marked the "place of the supjier of the Lord." Bernard reports that the place the Lord washed the feet of the disciples is in the church of St. Symcon, on mount Sion ; but adds, that in the church on the site of the Lord's betrayal in GetLsemane are the four round tables of the supper. 790. SUR, Gate of — See G.\tes (of the Temple). SUSAN — See Gates (of the Temple). SYJMEON, Church of — Evidently same as basilica of Sion. Bernard, 790. SYNAGOGUE OF THE SARACENS— On the site of the temple of Solomon. Ber nard, 790. SYNAGOGUES — Seven formerly within the wall of Sion, of which one remained, the rest ploiiglied up. Burg. Pilg., 279. Tj\J3LES — Four stone tables in a cave on the side of mount Olivet, not far fnim the church of St. Mary, in a liigh ]ilace over against the valley of Jehosha))hat, at wliicli Christ and liis ajwstles wore wont to sit. Ad:iiiiii., i, l.">. I.XDEX. 77 TEMPLE (1.) OF Solomon.— 60 cubits long, 20 broad, 30 in height. 1 Kings vi, 2. Tlie porch befoix; the temple was 20 cubits in length, "according to the breadth of the house, and 10 cubits was the breadth thereof before the house." 2 Kings vi, 3. Built on ISIount Moriah, wlioro the Lord ajipeared to David, " in tlie place that David had proi)ared in the tlu'cshinglloor of Oman tlic Jebusite." 2 Cliron. iii, \. "The length by cubits, after tlie first nioasure, was GO cubits, and the breadth 20 cubits." Bo., 3. The porch in front was in length " according to the breadth of the house, 20 cubits, and the height was 120." Do., 4. Foundations laid deep in gi-ound — materials, very strong stones — the entire body, quite up to the roof, of white stone — height 60 cubits, length GO, and breadth 20. " There was another building erected over it, equal to it in its measures, so that the entire altitude of the temple was 120 cubits." Its front to the east. Ant., ™i, 4, § 82. Porcli before the temple, 20 cubits in Icngtli, and so enclosed as to agree with breadth of house, "and it had 12 cubits in latitude," and its height 120 cubits. Do. Thirty small rooms built round, so as to include the whole temple by their closeness, with passages through them; each room 5 cubits broad, 5 long, and 20 high. Above these another set of rooms, and above these auotlier, corresponding to the height of the lower pai't of temple. Do. The upper room over the temple had no eastern door, as the lower house had, but the ascent was by steps in the thickness of the wall. Do. Temple divided into two parts — the inner house (the most secret chamber) 20 cubits each way, the sanctuary 40 cubits. Do., § 3. A partition round the temple 3 cubits high, called Gison, or Thrigoos, the space within being only for the piiests. Beyond this court a quadraugidar temple, with gi'eat and broad cloistere, and four very high gates, one fronting each of the four aisles, and with golden doors. Do., § 9. For its consti-uction great valleys were filled up, of such immense depth as to be painful to look down into. The ground was elevated 400 cubits, and made to Iw on a level with the top of the mountain on which the temple was built, so that the outmost temple, which was exposed to the air, was even with the temple itself. Do. This outer temple encompassed with double row of cloisters, standing on high on pillars of native stone. Do. The hiU on which it was built was a rock ascent, which declined by degrees to the east parts of the city, till it came to an elevated level. This Solomon encom- passed by a wall. " He also buUt a wall below, beginning at the bottom, which was encompassed by a deep valley ; and at the north side he laid rocks together, and bound them one to another with lead, and included some of the inner parts, till it proceeded to a great height, and till both the largeness of the square edifice and its altitude 78 IXDEX. TEMPLE (1.) OF Solomon-. ■nrero immense, and till tlie vastness of the stones in tlie front were plainly visible on the outside, jet so that the in-ward parts were fastened together with ii-on, and preserved the joists immoveable for all future times." The hollow places about the wall filled up, and the whole worked into one outward surfoce, aud made a smooth level. Ant., S.V, U, % 3. The hill walled round, in compass four furlongs, each angle contauiing in length a furlong ; " but within this wall aud on the very top of all, tliero ran anotlier wall of stone also, having in the east Cjuarter a double cloister of the same height with tlie wall, in the midst of which was the temple itself This cloister looked to the gates of the temple." Bo. Seated on a strong hill. " Originally the level space on its summit scarcely sufficed for the sanctuary and the altar, the ground about being abrupt and steep. But King Solomon, who built the sanctuary, having comjiletely walled up the eastern side, a colonnade was built upon the embankment. On the other side the sanctuary remained exposed. In front of this, however, as the people were constantly adding to the embankment, the hill became level and broad. They also threAv down tlie northern wall, and enclosed as mueli ground as the circuit of the temple at large subsequently occupied." Ultimately the hill was surrounded from the base with a triple wall, and then, in the course of ages, the upper boundary walls built, and the lower court of the temple. Wars, v, .'>, § 1 . TEMPLE (2.) OF Zeeubb.^eel. Ordered by Cyras to be CO cubits in height aud GO in breadth, witli three rows of great stones. Ezra vi, 3, 4 ; 1 Esdras vi, 25. Simon, son of Onias, fortified it, and built " from the foundatioii ibc double height, the high fortress of the wall about the temi)le." Ecclesiasticus 1, 1,2. Much inferior to Solomon's temple. Ant., xi, 4, § 2. Ordered by Cyrus to be GO cubits in hciglit, and the same in breadth, with three edifices of polished stone, and one edifice of stone of the country. J)o., g G. Simon, having taken the cittidel by siege, and cast it down to the ground, levelled the mountain on which it stood, and, after three years' work, brought it to a level with the plain of the city; after wliich tlic temple was the highest of all the buildings. J)o., xiii, G, g 7. Ecached by a bridge from the city ; most assailable on tlie north pan ; but even there there were gi-eat towers, and a ditch had been dug, aud a (K'cp valley begirt it round about. JJo., xiv, 4, § 2. The ditch filled up by Pompcy, but jioorly, by reason of its immense depth. Uu. Cloisters about the temple burnt by Herod. JJo., xvi, § 2. Jews, wlitn outer court of temple and lower city were taken by Ifcrod, fled to inner court of the temiile aud upper city. JJo. Connected by a bridge with the city. Wars, i, 7, g 2. INDEX. 79 TEMPLE (2.) OF Zerubbabkl. Tlio fosse ami tlio whole of tlio nivino which l:iy in the iioith (illnl up l)y rouiiiey. Wars, i, 7, § 3. Attacked by Herod, as by Ponipcy, from the nortli, on which siJo it was most assailable. Do., 17, § 8. About the miihllc of the city is " a wall of stone, whoso length is 500 feet, and breadth a hundred cubits, with double cloisters ; wherein there is a square altar, not made of hewn stone, but composed of white stones gathered together, Laving eadi side 20 cubits long, and its altitudi^ 10 cubits. Ilai-d by it is a largo cdilico, wherein there is an altar and a candlestick, both of gold, and in weight two talents." Hecatajus, quoted by Josephus, Contra Aplon, i, 22. Surrounded by three walls, 70 cidjits high, and of proportional length and thickness, corresponding to the structure and mass of the building. It looked towards the east, and the whole pavement was laid with stone, and had tracts {Iractus) of water gushing out to certain places, for washing away the blood of the victims. The water never ran short, because a powerful spring witliin had a natural and perennial flow, and there were underground receptacles constructed with wonderful and indescribable art fur 5 stadia, witli an infinite variety of pipes, through which the water flowed from one to the other. And all these had their floors and sides cased with lead, and carefully covered with much earth. There were, besides, many openings below, -which no one could descend, except those to whom the office was committed, by these the blood of the victims was cai-ried away by the great flow of water. The sound of the water could be heard at a place more than 1 stadia off, by leaning down and listening. Arist., Ill, 112. Built on a lofty site, and fortifiwl with its o\\n walls. Had it been defended day by day, it could not have been taken by Ponipoy, who took it on the day of Saturn, as they called it, when the Jews rested from work. Dion Cassius, XXXVIl, 16, p. 121. TEJIPLE (.3) OF Herod — The old foundations taken away by Herod, and others laid, and the temple erected, "in length 100 cubits, and in height 20 additional cubits (to 5' o^os fiKoo-t .... -£/mVtois — Query, 20 cubits and upwards T) which [20] npon the sinking of their foundations fell down. And tliis part it was that we resolved to i-aise again in the time of Nero." Ant., xv, 11, § 3. Built of strong white stones, each about 25 ciibit.? long, 8 high, and 1 2 wide. The whole structure, as well as the royal cloister, was lower on each side, but so much higher in the midille that it could be seen many furlongs off. Do. Had doors at entrance, and lintels over them, as high as the temple. Do. Encompassed by Herod with very large cloisters — a large wall to both of them, which was the most prodigious work ever heard of by man. Do. The hill was rocky and steeji, inclining by degrees to the eastern parts of the city, up to the highest point (t'-t tijv Kopvi)v uKpav). This hill Solomon eucomjiassed so ISDEX. TEMPLE (3.) OF Herod— by a wall [see for rest of this passage under Temple (1) OF Solomon]. Ant., xv, 11, § 3. Had a citadel (Autonia) on tlie north side. Do., § 4. Had four gates in the western enclosure — 1st, Leading to the king's palace, the valley between being stopped up for a passage. 2nd and 3rd, To the suburbs. 4tb, To the other city, descending into the valley mth many steps, and again ascending. Do., § 5. Had the city lying over against, in the manner of a theatre, girt by a deep valley on the soiith. Do. The foui-th jjart of the temple, on the south, had gates in the middle, and also the royal cloister, which extended in three walks from the east ^-alley to the west, for it was impossible to reach any farther. Tliis work was the most remarkable under the sun. The valley so deep that the bottom could not be seen, and the great height of the cloister above made one giddy looking down from the top. The cloister Lad four rows of pillars all along, the fourth being in the wall, each pillar took three men to clasp it, and was in length 27 feet, with a double spii-al at the base. The pillars wei-e 162 iu number, with Corinthian capitals. These included three walks; two of these were parallel, 30 feet broad, a furlong long, and 50 feet high. But the middle walk was half again as broad as the other two, and double in height. The wall of the front, adorned with beams resting on pillars interwoven into it, was all of polished stone. This was the character of the first enclosure. Do. In the midst, and not far from the first enclosiu'e, was the second, reached by a few steps, with a stone wall round it bearing an inscription forbidding any foreigner to enter under pain of death. This enclosure had on the south and north triple gates [equally] distant from each other, and on the east a large gate, through which the pure used to enter with their wives. Farther ui was the sanctuary where women were not allowed to enter. And still farther in was a third enclosure, where only the priests entered. The temple was in this, and before it an altar. Do. A secret passage led from Antonia to the inner temple at the eastern gate, over which Herod erected a tower that he might by an underground passage ascend to it in order to guard against any sedition. Do., § 7. Overlooked by the palace of the Asamoncans, where Agrippa built a dining room where he could spy into the temple. On seeing this the Jews built a wall on the upponnost building of the inner court towards the west, wliirli iiil(Ti'(|ited the view from tho palace, and fi,om the western cloisters lliat belonged to the t)utcr court, where the llomans kept guard at festivals. Do., xx, 8, § 11. FinLshed under Agrippa. The eastern cloisters (which were buincd in llie revolt INDEX. SI TEMPLE (3.) OF Herod— against Sabimis— Sco Ant., xvii, 10, § 2), tlio walls of whicli were 400 cubits in length, tlie stones 20 cubits long jind G liigli, sought by the Jews to be rebuilt, but the work judged too gi-cat by Agrijipa. Ant., 9, g 7. Was above the lower city. Wars, v, 1, §§ 2, 3. Seated on a strong hill. Solomon having completely walled uj) the eastern side, a colonnade was built on the embankment. The embankment added to in time, and hill made level and broader. The northern wall thrown down, and more gi-ound enclosed. Ultunately " having surrounded the hill from the base with a triple wall, .... they built the upper boundary walls and the lower court of the temple. The lowest part of the latter they built up from a depth of 300 cubits, and in some places more. The entire depth of the foundations, howe-s-er, was not disccrniljlc, for, with a view to level the streets of the town, they filled up the ravines to a considerable extent. There were stones used in the building which measured -10 cubits." Do., V, 5, § 1. The colomiades double throughout, supported by pillars 2j cubits high. They were " 30 cubits broad, and their- entire circuit, including the Antonia, measured G furlongs". The open space faced, and " as you advanced through this to the sacred court of the temple, you came to a stone balustrade, drawn all round, 3 cubits in height." On it were tablets forbidding entrance to foreigners into the holy place, as the sacred court was called. It was reached by fourteen steps, was quadrangular at toj), and surrounded by a distinct wall. " The exterior altitude of this, though but less than 40 cubits, was concealed by the steps ; the inner was 25 cubits." " Beyond the four- teen steps the distance to the wall was 10 cubits all level. Thence again other flights of five steps led up to the gates, of which there were eight on the north sides, four to each, and two necessarily on the east; for a place of worship, set apart for the women, hax-ing been portioned off in that quarter by a wall, a second gate became requisite. This was opened opposite to the first. There were also, on the other side, one southern and one northern gate, through which they could pass into the women's court The quarter towards the west had no gate ; the wall on that side being built without a break. The cloisters that extended between the gates from the wall, and turned inward in front of the treasury chambers, were supported by large and extremely beautiful columns. These were single, and except in size, in no way inferior to tho.se of the lower court." Do., § 2. "To the sanctuary itself, the holy temple, situated in the centre, the ascent was by twelve steps. In fi-out its lieight and breadth were equal, 100 cubits each. In rear it was 40 culjits narrower, for in front a kind of shoulders extended on either side 20 cubits." The lower storey of the sanctuary was 60 feet high, 60 long, and 20 broad. The 60 cubits of length was divided into 40 and 20, the latter the Holy of Holies. Do., g§ 4, 5. L 82 fXDEX. TEMPLE (3.) OF Herod— Of the stones, some were 45 cubits long, 5 deep, and 6 broad. Wars, v, 5, § 6. Lay as a fortress over the city, and Antonia over the temple. Do., % 8. Bezetha formed northward the only obstnictiou to the view of the temple. Do., § 8. John fights against the Romans "from the Antonia, from the north colon- nade of the temple, and in front of the monuments of King Alexander." Do., V, 7, § 3. Review of the Roman troops seen from " the northern quarter of the temple." Do., V, 9, § 1. Jews addressed by Titus, from " the western side of the outer court of the temple ; there being a gate in that quarter beyond the Xystus, and a bridge which connected the upper town with the temple." Do., vi, 6, § 2. TEMPLE (according to the Middoth) — Mount of the temple quadrangidar, so that each of the sides was 50 cubits. Greatest space on south, next on east, third on north, least on west. Middoth, ii, 1. An inner pax-t, or railed enclosure, 10 palms high, with thirteen breaches, which the kings of Greece broke in, but which are now closed and adorned ; on this side was an intennural space 10 cubits broad, where were twelve steps, each half a cubit high, and the same in breadth. Do., ii, 3. All the walls high except the eastern, because the priest burning the cow stood on the top of the Mount of Olives, and directed his eye straight toward, and gazed upon, the gold of the temple at the time he sprinkled the blood. Do., 4. Court of the Women, 135 cubits square, with four chambers in its four angles, each of 40 cubits, and not contiguous. Court of the Nazyi-a;ans, to the north-east. Court of wood, to south-east. Court of leprous persons, to south-west. Court of house of oil, to north-west. On top of the sides, smooth and level, was the court of tlie women, circum- scribed by a balcony. Fifteen steps from its centre to the Court of Israel ; steps turning round in half a circle. Court of Israel, 135 cuVjits long, 11 broad. Court of Pi-iests, do. do. 2i cubits higher than Court of Israel (the platform 1 cubit, the tlireo steps each ^ cubit). Of the whole court, the length 187 and breadth 135 cubits. Thirteen places of woi-ship there. Do., 5. TEMPLE (accoi-aing to tlio Midiloth). Tlictuiujile 100 cubits sqiuire, and 100 iu lioight. Do., i\; G. From east to west, 100 cubits. Wall of the vestibule, ... 5 cubits. Vestibule, 11 Wall of teuiplo, .... 6 Fane .10 Intermediate wall, .... 1 Innermost part, .... 20 Wall of temple, . . . . G Chamber, ..... C Wall of chamber, .... 5 83 100 cubits. 5 cubits. 3 )J 5 )J •G J> 6 >) 20 J) G J) G J? 5 JJ 3 » 5 )) Do., iv, 7. From north to south, 70 cubits Wall of circuit. Circuit, Wall of chamber. Chamber, . Wall of temple. Fane, Wall of temple. Chamber, Wall of Chamber, Impluvium, Wall, 70 cubits. l)o., iv, 7. Portico broader than fane by 15 cubits on north and IG on south. Temple narrow behind but wide in front. Do., iv, 7. Length, from east to west, of whole atrium, 187 cubits. Walking place, or ambulatory of priests, . . 11 cubits. Altar, ..... ^9 Space between portico and altai', .... 22 Tem[ile, or fane, with the innermost place, . . 100 From back of propitiatory place, . . . . 1 1 Breadth, from north to south, 135 cubits. From ascent to extremity of altar, . . # . . G2 From altar to rings, . s Place of lings, ....... 24 From lings to tables, ... 4. From tables to columns, . . 4. From columns to wall of atrium, Note.— The numbers do not agree with the total Do., v, 1. in cither case, the difference apparently consisting of the space between the ascent and the wall, and the width of the columns Si IXDEX. TEJIPLE (according to tlie Middotli)— Six cabinets in atrium — Three on nortli — Cabinet of salt. Cabinet of Happarva. Cabinet of the workers. Three on south — Cabinet of wood. Cabinet of spring water. Cabinet of fallen stone. Middoth, v, 2. " The temple resembled a citadel, and had its own walls, which were more laboriously constnicted than the others. Even the colonnades with wliich it was surrounded formed an admirable outwork. It contained an inexhaustible spring ; there were subterranean -excavations in the hills, and tanks and cisterns for holding rain water." Tacitus, Hist., V, 12 ; II, p. 236. " The Jews, considering Sion to be a di^■ine mountain, report it also to be a place consecrated to God, chosen of the Father of old ; and they say so for this reason, that on it the temple was built by Solomon, and all the Levitical and priestly worsliip was there carried on." Origen, In Joann., iv, 19, 20; Migne, XIV, 417. " And in the building itself, where the temple was, which Solomon bnilt, on the marble before the altar, you would say that the blood of Zacharias had been shed this day There are there also two statues of Adrian, and not far from the statues is a perforated stone, to which the Jews como every year, and anoint it, and lament with groaning, and rend their garments, and so I'ctire. There is there also the house of Ezekia, king of Juda." Eurg. Pilg., 278, 271). The projihecy that not one stone should be left on another, not fulfilled in the time of C}ril of Jerusalem, who speaks of a time yet future when Antichrist should come, and when this .should be the case, " either through decay of time, or demolition for the use of new buildings, or ensuing from other causes." Cyril, Cat. Led., xv, 15, 890. The destruction of the temple not complete in tlie tiiu(> of Chiysostom. " ' Thei'c shall not remain one stone upon another.' How then did it remain? one may say. But what is tliLs ? For neither so hath the prediction fallen to the ground. For He said these things, either indicating its entire desolation, as at that spot wliero He was. For there are parts of it destroyed unto the fu\indalions." Chrys., Iloin. 75 in Matt. ; iii, p. 991 ; Mhjne, vol. LVIII, 08."), C8r). Tlic same thing pointed out by Victor Antiochinus. Catena in Marc, xiii, 2; M. n. p., IV, 103. Between the tciiijile and tlic ;dt:ir, un the marble before tlie altar, the blood of IXDE.X. 85 TEJirLE— Zudiaiias was slied. TLcuce, not far ofl; is a stone to wliich cacli j-cai- the Jews came, and, auoiiiting it, lament, and so with groaning retire. There is the house of Ezekia, king of Jiulah." Innom., I, 113. Tlie temple built upon Sion. Jerome, Com. in Isaiam, i, 21, IV, 24; sec also Com. in cap. ii, 3, IV, 33; cap. ix, 8-11, p. 137; cap. xxii, 1, p. 220; cap. xxxvi, p. 454. See under Sio.v. Tlie temple hill identified with mount Moria, the scene of the offering up of Isaac. Jerome, Com. in Gen., xxii, 2, III, 337, 338; Com. in Jcrem., xxvi, 4, IV, p. lOl'G. The steps of the house of Hezekiah shown " witliin that enclosure of the temple," in Jerome's time, though he did not credit the identification. Do., Com. in Isaiam, xxxviii, 4, 5, et seq., IV, 470. A statue of Hadrian, and one of Jupiter, erected on the site of the temple. I>o., Com. in Isaiam, ii, 9, IV, 37. Statues of Antiochus and of Jupiter erected on the site of the temple. Do., Com. in Daniel, xi, 31, V, 716. A temple erected by Hadrian to Jupiter, on the site of the temple. Dion Cassius, Ixix, 12, p. IIGI. After stating that at Calvary Abraham offered his sou, Theodoras (in the London ]\IS.) goes on to say that the little hill Moriah, where Abraham offered his son, is where " the Jews report that afterwards the temple was built." " Do\vn below from the pinna'cle of the' temple is a nunnery." Theod. Paris. "lu that famous i)lace, where formerly tlie temple was magnificently con- structed, situated in the neighbourhood of the wall to the east, the Saracens now frequent a quadrangular house of prayer, which with rough labour they built, constructing it with straight planks and large beams, 'upon certain remains of ruins. Which house certainly can hold (as is reported) 3,000 men at once." Adamn., i, 1, p. 7S1. " The temple of Solomon, luu-ing a synagogue of the Saracens, is to the north (of the chiu'ch of St. Symeon on mount Sion). Bernard, p. 790. Note in the Recueil des Voymjes, the words are, " lemplum Si/meonis, evidently by misprint. In Mabillon, Acta SancL Adin. Benedicti, IV, 525, it is " temjilum Salomonis." TEEI — See Gates (of Temple). THALEL^US, St.,— Church or chapel of, mentioned in connection with now church or monastery of St. Mary, which Justinian built. Commem., p. 78. THEATRE— Built by Herod in Jerusalem. A7it., xv, 8, g 1. THECUITIS — See Gates (of Jerusalem). THEODORUS— Church or chapel of St. Th., mentioned in connection with church or monastery of St. John, in or near Jerusalem. Commem., p. 79. THEODOSIA, Wife of the Emperor Theodosius— Built the church of St. Stephen, outside the Galilean gate. Theod. Paris and Lond. See Eudoxia. 8G INDEX. THEOXE OF THE GOVEENOE— " On this side the river," between the old gate and the broad wall. Kehem. iii, 7. TIMBEE JMARKET — Set fire to by Cestius, with Bezetha and the Coenopolis, when he entered the suburbs, on his way to the upper to'\vu. Wars, ii, 19, § 4. TITUS, Circumvallation of — See Circumvallation. TOMB— See Sepulchre. TOWER — (1) Corner Tower — At the inflexion of the third or Agrippa's wall, near the spot known by the appellation of the Fuller's Tomb. Wars, v, 4, § 2. (2) Of David — Ascended by Antoninus, after visiting Golgotha. There David " chanted the psalter. It is verj' large, in which are monasteries ^vith single rooms. The tower is quadrangular, and of cai-ved work. Into which [tower], also, Chi-istians ascend for a resting place for their devotions, and about the middle of the night hear voices of persons conversing down below in the valley of Josaphat, facing [contra) Jordan, towards the places which look towards Sodom and Gomorrah." Anton., § 21. (3) Of the Furnaces — Between the broad wall and the valley gate. Nehem. iii, 8-13. Apparently between the dung gate and the broad wall. Nehem. xii, 31, 38. (4) Great Tower that lieth out — Near the "tower that lieth out" (see 17), in the dii-ection of the wall of Ojihel. Nehem. iii, 27. (.5) Of Hippicus — See Hippicus. (6) Of Jehoshaphat — See Jehoshaphat. (7-10) Four very large towers built by John when holding ]iossession of the temple against Simon, who was master of Jerusalem. One at the north-east corner. One abo\c the Xvstus. One at another corner, opposite the lower tower. One over the top of the Pastophoria. Wars, iv, t), g 1 2. KoTE. — A tower siiukeu of as built by John over the gate that led out to the Xystus, aud conuected with a colonnade in gallery. Do., vi, 3, § 2. (11) Of Makiamne — See Makiamne. (12) Near and threatening the temjile — See 1 Mac. vi, 8. (13) Over eastern gate of temple, built by Herod to give access to the sub- terranean passage to Antonia. Ant., xv, 11, § 7. (14) Of Phasaelus — See Phasaelus. (15) Built by Simon — In the region of the Xystus and the bridge — built as a fortress for himself. Wars, \d, 8, § 1. (IG) "That lieth out — From the king's high house, that was by tlie court of the prison" — near the turning of the wall, between Azariah's house and Ophcl. Nehem. iii, 25. (17) "That lieth out" — another tower near the water gate at Ophel. Nehem. iii, 2G. INDEX. gy TOWER— (18-20) Towers built by ITzziah at the corner gate, the valley gate, and the towers of the wall. 2 Chron. xxvi, 9. TOWERS— The first wall liad sixty towers, the second fourteen, and the third, or Agi-ipim's wall, ninety, disposed at intervals of 200 cubits. Tliese latter were " 20 cubits in breadth, and the same in height, square and solid as tlic wall itself. In the joining and beauty of the stones they were nowise inferior to the temple. Over the solid altitude of these towers, whieli was 20 cubits, were sumptuous apartments, and above these again, upper rooms, and numei-ous cisterns thereon to receive the rain water, and to eacli room wide staircases." Wars, v, 4, ^ 3. TOWERS, Women's— On the third wall, apparently with gates leading outside the wall Do., V, 3, § 3. TRANSFIGURATION, Scene of the-Placed by the Burgundy Pilgi-im close to mount Olivet. Burg. Pilg., 280. TREASURY— The house of the king said to bo " under tlie treasury." Jerem. xxxviii, 4. In the temple. John viii, 20. In the circuit of the temple. Ant., xix, G, § 1. The cloisters of the temple that extended between the gates from the wall, turned inwards in front of the treasury chambers. Wars, v, 5, § 2. TURNING OF THE WALL— Towers built in Jerusalem by Uzziah, at the corner gate, the valley gate, and the tui-niug of the wall. 2 Chron. xxvi, 9. Over against the going up to the annoury, between the house of the mighty and the house of Eliashib, the high priest. Nehem. iii, 19. Another turning of the wall, spoken of in same chapter (2, 4, 5) as between the house of Azariah and Ophel, near the tower that lieth out from the kmg's high house that was by the coiu-t of the prison. TYROPEON, or Valley of the Cheesemakers— Divided the hill of the upper town from that of the lower, and extended as far as Siloam. Wars, v, 4, § 1. UPPER CITY— See City. UPPER CHURCH OF THE APOSTLES-Spoken of by Cyril as the scene of the Pentecostal descent of the Holy Spirit. Cyril, Cat., XVI, 4, p. 924. UPPER GATES— Sec Gates (op Jerusalem). UPPER MARKET— See Market. UPPER POOL— The conduit of, mentioned as in the highway of the fuller's field— the place where the envoys from Lachish from the king of Assyria came and stood. 2 Kings xviii, 17 ; Isaiah vii, 3; xxxvi, 2. UPPER WATER-COURSE OF GIHON— See Gihon. UZZA— Jlanasseh buried " in the garden of his ovra house, in the garden of Uzza." 2 Kings xxi, 18. Note.— Manasseh, in 2 Chron. ixxiii, 20, is said to have been buried " in his own house." 88 INDEX. VALLEY — A wall built by Manasseh, " without the city of Daviil, ou the west side of Gihon, in the valley, even to the entering in at the first gate.'' 2 Chron. xxxiii, 14. VALLEY OF THE CHEESEMAKERS— See Tyropeon. VALLEY OF THE FOUNTAIN— See Fountain. VALLEY OF HINNOM— -j ChOdi-en of Hinnom, > See Hixnoji. Son of Hinnom, •' VALLEY GATE — See Gates (of Jerusalem). VENERAEIUM— A name for Calvary J See Calvary. WALL — A wall built by Manasseh " without the city of David, on the west side of Gihou, in the valley, even to the entering in at the first gate." 2 Chron. xxxiii, 14. The broad wall between the throne of the governor on this side the river and the towers of the fm-naces. Nehem. iii, 8. Between the tower of the furnaces and the gate of Ephraim. Nehem. xii, 38. Agrippa began to repair the walls on the side of the new tower, increasing them both in length and breadth. Had he finished them they would have been invmcible, but Claudius made him desist. Ant., xix, 7, § 2. Agrippa proceeded " to surround Jerusalem " with a wall, which if completed would have been invincible. Biit befoi'e it had reached its intended elevation, he expii-ed in Ccsarea. Wars, ii, 16, § G. Cestius, after entering the suburbs, set fire to Bezetha, the Cocnojwlis, and the timber market, but was still outside the ramparts of the inner city. Bo., ii, IG, § 4. {First Wall.) — The most ancient, was almost impregnable, as well from the ravine which sun-ounded it, as from the hill above them on which it was erected. Began on north at Uippicus, then to the Xyslus, then forming a junction with tlie council house erected at the western colonnade of the temple. On the other side, towards the west, from Hippicus it stretched through Bethso, to the gate of the Essencs, then turned and advanced with a southern aspect above Siloani, then turned again, facing the east, towards Solomon's reservoir, and extending to Ophla, joined the eastern colonnade of the temple. [Had sixty towers.'\ (Second Wall.) — Began at Gennath gate in first wall, and encircling only the northern quarter of the town, reached Antonia. \_II ad fourteen towers.'] {Third Wall.) — Fi'om Hippicus stretched towards the northern quarter, as far as rsephinus, then passing opposite Helena's monuments, and extending through tho royal caverns, was inflected at tlic cor7ier tower near the Fuller's tomb, and "con- necting itself with the old wall, tenninatcd at the valley called Kcdron." This wall, built by Agi-ippa to defend Bezetha or CVcnopolis, but he desisted iln-ough fear of Claudius, when he had merely laid tho foundations. If completed the city would have been impregnable. Constructed of stones 20 cubits long and 12 broad, "fitted INDEX. 89 WALL— into each other in siicli a manner that they couKl scarcely ha\e been undermined with iron or shaken by engines." Ten cubits in breadth, and raised by Jews to 20 cubits in lieight ; witli battlements of 2 culiits on parapets of 3 cubits, so that its total height was 25 cubits. [Ilad ninettj towers, 200 cubits apai-t.\ Wars, v, 4, §^ 2, 3. " Simon occupied the upper town, and the great wall as far as the Kedron, with as much of the old wall as, bending eastward from Siloani, descended to the palace of Monobazus." Do., v, C, § 1. "The Romans approached tliL' first wall, after the Antonia was taken." Do., vi, 2, §§ 1-7. " Two hills of great height had been fenced in by walls, which had been skilfully obliqued, or bent inwards, in such a manner that the flank of an assailant was exposed to missiles. The rock tenninated in a precipice ; the towers were raised to a height of GO feet, where the hill lent its aid to the fortifications, where the ground fell, to the height of 120. They had a marvellous appearance, and to a distant spectator seemed to be of an uniform elevation. Within were the walls surrounding the palace, and rising to a conspicuous height, the tower Antonia The temple resembled a citadel, and had its own walls, which were more laboriously constructed than the others." Tacitus, Ilist., V, 11, 12 ; II, 235, 236. WASHING OF APOSTLES' FEET, Scene of— In church of St. Mary in valley of Josajihat. Theod. Paris and Land. WATEK — Brought by Hezekiah into the midst of the city. " He digged the hard rock with iron, and made wells for waters." Ecclesiasticus, xlviii, 17. Brought by Pilate into Jerusalem from a source 200 stadia from the city. Ant., xviii, 3, § 2. Pilate's aqueduct said to be 400 furlongs long. Wars, ii, 9, § 4. WATERS, Subten-anean — See Subterranean. WATER GATE— See Gates (of Jerusalem). WELLS— See Water. Two W'ells in a cave in the side of mount Olivet, not far from the chuieh of St. Mary. Adamn., i, 15. WOMEN'S TOWERS— See Towers. XYSTUS — Below the house of the Asamonean family, on the opposite side of the iipper tov\"n, connected with the temple by a bridge. Wars, ii, 16, § 3. A tower over it built by John. Do., iv, 9, § 12. On tlu; line of the first wall, between Hippicus and the council house. Do., V, 4, § 2. A tower biult by John above the gate that led out to the Xystiis. Do., vi, 3, § 2. A gate beyond the Xystus, on the western side of the outer court of the temple, at a bridge which connected the upper town with the temple. Do., vi, 6, 2. 90 IXDEX. ZACHAEIAS, Blood of — '• In the building itself where the temple was, whicli Solomon built, on the marble before the altar, you would say that the blood of Zacbarias had been shed this daj'." Burg. Pilg., 278. '• Between the temple and the altar — on the marble before the altar — the blood of Zacharias was shed." Innom, I, 113. Not far from the stone to which each year the Jews came, and, anointing it, lament. Do. ZACHAEIAS, Sepulchre of — St. Zacharias buried in the same tomb with St. James and St. Simon. The tomb in the valley of Jehoshaphat, and erected by St. James himself. Theod. Paris. ZADOC, House of — Over against the wall, Ijetween the horse gate and the place of the Nethinims. Nehem. iii. 29. ZION— See Siox. UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped belou'. JUL 15^971 m 3t-i 'iii Form L9-Series 4 14 v5 UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY D 001045 471 8 t PLEA*-?: DO NOT REMOVE THIS BOOK CARD I ^iUBRARYQc, University Research Library Ilj>.'i"'