^ V ' r-,Jl.l. "k,/,^ TEACHER'S Method and Result Book USED WITH Progressive Business Accounting Prepared by L. E. GOODYEAR GOODYEAR-MARSHALL PUBLISHING CO. CKOAR KAIMDS, IOWA ~'N DEpr PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING .•'•.■ .-3. School Room Suggestions The arrangement of this course is tlie outcome of my efforts to conduct students through a standard range of accounting and business practice on the lines of least resistance. Certain methods have been used that have enabled the students vidth me to take great enjoyment in the study of book- keeping, while at the same time a careful employer found it good business to pay me the highest salary, so far as I know, received by any commercial teacher in my native state. A number of professional friends have requested me to outline my methods in form to be read. There is little to tell. Some who read this, may be helped to place the emphasis in teaching where it will do the most good. For such it is written. Many teachers of bookkeeping are now working at a disadvantage be- cause they do certain kinds of drudgery that not only is wearisome to them, but reflects adversely on the tone of the school room. This atmosphere passes out of the schoolroom into the college office, enveloping prospective students who call in its chill, warning such to hurry to the nearest competitor. It follows the students from the schoolroom to their homes, impressing others unfavorably. It is to a school what loss of credit is to a merchant — disaster. On the other hand, a successful, satisfied teacher, with a successful, satis- fied student body, perpetuates itself by attraction. It makes the teacher partner with the proprietor, for a pulling power is exerted by him through the student body that rivals other advertising agencies. In bookkeeping, as in all other instruction, the teacher should have the drawing rather than the driving way of doing things. ATMOSPHERE. See that the room atmosphere is that of repose and satisfaction. Dissatisfaction may usually be traced to students of less than average ability. The low-grade student is usually dull because Jie is unhappy, not unhappy because he is dull. In other words, being out of sympathy with his surroundings, his mind refuses to receive or to retain impressions. Five minutes spent in stimulating his general interest in bookkeeping will produce more lasting results than fifty minutes spent in checking the errors of his half-hearted attempts at bookkeeping entries. If you interest the half dozen dullest ones in a room, your very effort with them will have interested the entire room. ATTENTION. It should be an unwritten law that inattention is abso- lutely inexcusable. This matter in a bookkeeping class, I believe to be largely caused by mental dullness resulting from inaction. Very many beginning bookkeeping students may be regarded as manifesting about ninety per cent physical to ten per cent mental activity, and the physical part is all evident while the mental part often escapes the first inspection. In this condition the mental machine is more easily started througli physical action. Students in bookkeeping should in the early part of their course spend a share of their time in actually rising from their seats, passing to offices and carrying out transactions. Nothing will quiet the legs and arms like an orderly walk across the room. PERFECT WORK. Whatever work is submitted should be the student's best work. If anything inferior is offered, it sliould receive no consideration ^ METHOD AND RF,SULT BOOK Tlu' teacher is undermining; his own influence if he examines with eai'e any- thing; tliat a student has i)repared Avithout care. "Perfect work" sliouhl be the motto. Whenever a perfect piece of work is submitted, the stuih'nt slioukl iiave credit for that piece of work entered in the chiss register. His work should be preserved and retained for him or others to examine later. It is just as easy to preserve students' Avork on a shelf, in a drawer, or sonie- where else, if j'ou have no filing system, as it is to throw it into a waste basket. Do not return it until his course is completed. INDIVIDUAL INSTRUCTION. This sliould be largely a matter of per- sonal eneouragcmeiil, and of assisting the student to find things that he has overlooked in his textbook. Instead of ansAvering questions, refer him to the paragraph in his book where he can actually read the answer. Above all things, do not carry a key book in pocket to check clerical errors — time is too valuable. The student should know that he is right or wrong from an examination of the results of his own work. Of course, a key book has its place. It should be left in its place. CLASS DRILLS. Do not neglect class drills in bookkeei)ing. Reciuire students who have perplexing entries or questions to solve them without help, if possible. If impossible, tell them that such entries Avill be discussed in a drill class held at a certain time. The chances are that the average student will by some means reach a solution before the drill class. He will feel grateful to you for not being too easy. Remember that the student feels greater satisfaction in mastering things than in being too closely led. It is easy to neglect the drill classes. Students under perfect control, industrious and satisfied, are too often allowed to drift. This is a mistake. All students get impressions satisfactory to themselves, but one-sided when viewed by others. The drill class, with discussion of the work gone over, corrects this tendency and gives to the student tlie teacher's viewpoint. Use care to avoid any exposure of a student's mental shortcomings in such classes. CLASS REGISTER. In this course, the student submits forty produc- tions, each indicating a step in his progress. Each of these productions, if accepted, sliould be credited in the register on the date received. The exer- cises, I to XXV, are entered by placing the number in the column thus : 1, 2, etc. The reports in sets A, B, and C are credited by entering the transaction number as A 10, A 20, etc. Relative progress is thus easy of record. On each Saturday, or every alternate Saturday, glance down the register, and place all working on exercises I to V in one drill class, VI to X and Set A in a second, XI to XV and Set B in a third, and the remainder in a fourth class. If all work submitted by students is headed by their number and name, as it should be, these numbers placed on the blackboard will notify all students of the class in which they are required to report. One to three half-houi- drills per week in each class should cover the ground. Do not omit them. CORRECTING PAPERS. Exercises handed in by students should be stamped "correct" credited and filed, or "errors" and returned. An incorrect paper should be entirely rewritten. The key gives correct forms for all work. The same is true of the business •practice sets. An entirely new blank should be required to replace an unacceptable one. Any papers or books in the course can be replaced for a nickel, retail price. Students should use plenty of paper until work is up to grade. Work for criticism dropped in the baskf^t one day, should be returned the following day, if rejected. PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING _., ^ THOROUGHNESS. Tlie watchword tlirougliout the busines's' Vorid is quality rather than quantity. Insist on all work being well done from the start. Exercise I was pre])ared over forty times by one student before either he or the teaclier was satisfied with it. Others have prepard it in fifteen min- utes. Every paragraph of the text book sliould be read and learned. Tt has been boiled and reboiled to its present small dimensions. Nor should any student be allowed to pass over or skip any part, on the ground that it is too simple for him. or that he is conversant with that part. A person with the necessary skill can finish a basketful of these exercises in a day's Avork. No serious delay would residt from a skilled bookkeeper working them. CHANGES OF RESULTS. No changes of results are introduced through varying priee lists. 1 cannot see that changes in results ever inforeed a single principle of bookkeeping, unless it be the gener^d principle of not stealing some other person's work, because the other one hasn't it to steal. Changes in results may add a little to a dishonest student's drill in arithmetic, but it Avill make such a one all the more greedy to steal the bookkeeping part which is the very subject in hand, and which, from the nature of the work, does not vary. There is a better way to straighten this class of students than by checking over their arithnu^ic work in a bookkeeping class. Give them a written test on work covered. If they fail, let them return and work over some of the exercises they appear to have forgotten. Encourage a student to think and he will not copy. HIGHER WORK. This course prepares a student admirably for a twelve weeks' course in Goodyear 's Higher Accounting, a work theoretical in plan, with special vouchers only; for Marshall's Corporation and Voucher Account- ing, six weeks; for Goodyear 's Bank Accounting, six weeks; for Good^^ear's Community Business Practice, or Goodyear 's Inter-communication Business Practice, or for advanced office training. I would gladly correspond with teachers, relative to these or other courses in the line of public accounting or general auditing. DEBIT AND CREDIT. Strange as it may seem, hundreds, I suppose, thousands of bookkeei)ing teachers are at variance over that most fundamental of things in bookkeeping — the meaning of debit and credit. No doubt, nmny who read this have stored in their memories dozens of rules governing the when and why these debits and credits should be made. Confusion is added to the discussion by introducing so-called Italian or Hebrew history as to the origin and original use of the terms debit and credit, debtor and creditor. It becomes more involved by contributions in the line of rhetoric, stating what expressions may or may not be used. Recently T read a learned denun- ciation pronounced against the tliought of an idea receiving an inanimate thing, and suppose the writer was correct in many ways. Now, bookkeeping a])i)lies to this world, not to the next. It has a prac- tical mission — to present to mind an outline of one's business in terms of dollars and cents. Words to express its distinctions are taken from the gen eral language and modified as to meaning in their technical suri-oundings. So when we give one general rule to govern all entries, debit the receiving account; credit the giving account, we do not mean that the "receiving account" actually l)rac'('s itself like a baseball catcher and receives the value on a padded hand with a loud bing, followed by applause from the bleachers. We mean that the business man divides his business into several parts for separate consideration, that each one of these parts is represented as far as 15 , METHOD AND RESULT BOOK '*pr^c'titat)l'e'by a ledger accoimt, that his productive activities consist in cliang- ing his property of one kind into property of another kind ; i. e., by taking out of one part of the business and putting into another part. For conveni- ence, we say that the part he takes from gives a value, and tlie part he puts into receives a value. Hence, the accounts representing these parts would be receiving and giving accounts. This viewpoint enforced, other rules for debit and credit are unnecessary. Clear definitions of what the accounts represent is all that is required. * This should be followed by a clear conception of why accounts give and receive values. There are two kinds of accounts that give and receive values, for two different reasons. First, commercial accounts that cost and produce, and are expected to show gains or losses ; second, financial accounts, showing fixed value or obligation to pay, that are expected simply to balance out by an equality of debits and credits. The latter class is made largely of personal accounts which are so simple that the mistake is frequently made of introducing them first. The introduction of these accounts at the outset is almost sure to give to the learner an impression that bookkeeping is a sort of argument betAveen persons rather than a scientific comparison of values. The personal element of accounts should stop at the collection desk. The emphasis being placed on the person- ality of others, naturally passes to his own ego — something that should be separated from every study of the effects of industry or investment. The pic- ture of a business organization in active motion, constantly changing its values from part to part, is much more true and attractive than the picture of a person collecting and paying debts. TESTS. It is a good plan to give a monthly test, consisting of a set to be written from original memoranda. Two or three hours can be very well used. EXERCISE I Before beginning the work, have the student see that all his supplies are received, so that no report of shortage can be made later. Retiuire him to read the introduction and submit Exercise I. CLASS TALK. "At the beginning, I wish to know how closely you can read and follow instructions, and how well you can rule and write. Prepare Ex. I, following all instructions given. Do not speak to anyone or get any advice or help before completing the work. As soon as it is completed, place it in the basket and return to your seat, study the information paragraphs of Ex. II. I shall retain this as a specimen of your work. If it is imperfect in any essential, you will be instructed to repeat the exercise until it is correct. Some will find it necessary to repeat this exercise many times. Try to produce perfect work the first time. Do not forget that the exercise number, your number, name, and the date are to be written at the extrenu^ top of all work handed in." EXERCISE II Take a box or drawer which you will call tlie cash division of your busi- ness. Notice that the cash is lacking, although the place for it has been pre- pared. Have the student write "Cash" at top of a piece of ledger paper to represent the cash account. Place some money in the cash box. Show that cash in the receiving account. Have the entry for it made. Pay some money out of the cash box. Show that cash is the giving account. Continue until PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING '7 the association of receiving and giving Avith debit and credit- is clear.' Be careful that the cash box is thought of as giving out value, not the person who handles the money. CLASS TALK. "In this exercise you have (Infor. 12) the only rule for debit and credit given in the text. Commit it to memory absolutely. It should be committed so well that you will have no hesitation in repeating it. Do not word it in some other way that may seem to you just as good. It has taken accountants many years to niake this rule, and it cannot be improved on in a few hours." EXERCISE III Divide a table cover into foui- rectangles l)y crayon lines. Write in the center of the figures. Proprietor, Cash, Flour, Hay. These are the four parts of the business you are about to inaugurate. In the proprietor's division, place a pile of college currency that will be called $500 — No transactions have been carried out. Business is ready to begin. CLASS TALK. "You will observe that a certain person is about to begin business, in which he will buy and sell for cash. What does he intend to deal in?" (Rule a ledger on blackboard and divide it into four accounts as in text book, page 9.) "Before buying, the proprietor must show how much money he intends the business to have, by placing it in the cash division." (Place all money in the cash part of the business.) "Repeat the rule for debit and credit." (Debit the cash account, credit the proprietor's account on the blackboard.) "The money is now invested, that is, appropriated for the use of the business." (Now buy 100 sacks Flour — a handful of crayon will do — place the "flour" into the Flour part of the business.) "Is the transaction complete? No, because one part of the business must give value." (Hand currency to the "man" who delivered the flour.) "We will now shoAv on our ledger what account receives value and what account gives value." (Continue in this way until a clear idea of double entry is fixed.) "Now add all debits and credits. The totals are equal,- Why? If they had not been equal, what would be the conclusion? Is there as much cash as at first? If there is less cash, is the business worth less? Why not?" EXERCISE IV CLASS TALK. "In this exercise you will have four accounts, but titles will differ from those used in III. Learn the meaning of Merchandise and Real Estate. Be careful not to compare your work with others, for a failure to work out and understand this exercise will cause a failure when you at- tempt Ex. VI. Better spend a week on this exercise, than to slight any part of it. Do not hurry. Keep working and thinking." EXERCISE V Use the same general plan as in Ex. T. EXERCISE VI This is the first exercise requiring more than one sheet. Emphasize that the work must be submitted in uniform order, as instructed at close of lesson. A blackboard drill showing journal, ledger, and trial balance, is in order. Give attention to pencil footings of ledger accounts. 8] *^ .,, METHOD AND RESULT BOOK •.• : : ..: .'-. ..• EXERCISE VII This is probably tlie most difficult of the exercises. A blaekboard illus- tration showing the steps of closing the ledger needs repetition. Take time to clear the subject. It is a test in the students' course. This is a good place to turn back the student who has not taken the preceding exercises seriously? enough. He will reform. EXERCISE VIII The difference between commercial and financial accounts must be made clear. • EXERCISE IX Show in this exercise that every one who works or spends money should keep books. EXERCISE X The cash book, purchase book, and sales book illustrate the general ])riii- ciple governing the transfer of any class of entries from a journal to a special book of original entry. SET A Student begins business practice in his own name. Hand him' $5,000 in large bills. He transacts with the Bank ; with Wholesale Office representing Kuhn, Aldrich & Co., Esmond Canning Co., Ajax Biscuit Co., and Sunset Fruit Co.; and with the General Agency representing all other firms mentioned, unless a Real Estate office is running. At close of the set, student will turn over his books and papers to teacher, give teacher a check for his bank balance, and receive for entire consideration $6,000, which teacher can hold until student needs it at opening of Set B. • SET B Student forms partnership. Agricultural implements at retail. Transacts with bank, railroad office, general agency, real estate office, and post office. The forms coming to him from post office can be completed and addressed to him by a clerk in that office, if desired. Envelopes so directed should have transaction numbers in upper left corner, so that they may be held until called for. SET C Student forms corporation. Transacts Avith Bank, Railroad Office, Real Estate, General Agency, and Post Office. Incoming mail can be prepared as in Set B. BUSINESS PRACTICE. Sets A, B, and C should, as a matter of economy, be carried out by actually dealing with offices. There are several good reasons for this, of which two will be mentioned. A student dealing with and getting vouchers from another person has his attention directed to his own side of the transaction, which is really the only side of the transaction that his books represent. Hence, he has a clear, concrete idea of what he is doing. I am inclined to think that where he takes vouchers from a packet, tablet budget, or booklet; fills them out for someone else, passes them for someone else to PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 9 himself, then receives them for himself, and passes something ih" retiifii' front himself to himself, representing someone else, that his entries derived from such actual business transactions are likely to be mixed ; so that we are often inclined to think that if the boy is ever to make proper journal entries, he must have ''more di-ill in journalizing." Ts not greater clearness in state- ment and in carrying out transactions the thing needed? Another reason for carrying out transactions with offices is tliat tlie bills, notes, etc.. computed by the student, can be checked against results in offices as they should be, instead of being checked by the teacher or a checker. This endless checking of this class of work involves an expense about as needless as the habit of smoking, differing from it in only one visible respect — the smoker is s;iid to enjoy liis weed. OFFICE PRACTICE. At the outset. I would say that the offices con- nected with this course are considered desirable as a convenient place at which the floor workers can carry out transactions; also as a place where the floor students can at intervals change to surroundings where books of com- niercial size are written in. where papers are handled in sufficient numbtn^s to require filing on a larger scale than at a desk, where cash in quantity can be counted and proved, where an adding machine can be used when there is one at hand ; in short, where common clerical duties can be taught. It does not seem to me to be a place where advanced accounting can be successfuly taught, although it may well be practiced here. All papers passing from the offices to floor students, are placed in the offices, filled, with the exception that the office stu^dent is to complete the form by insertion of name, date, etc.. record in book of original entry, and pass out. It is not intended that the office students keep general books, make trial balances, and balance sheets, unless advanced students are placed there for such advanced work, although I would make one exception in favor of conducting a complete bank. However small the number of students, the office plan can be followed. If there were only five students in business practice, one can be placed in office work. The following office outline will make a basis to work from. Naturally, tlie amount and kind of office books and supplies will depend on the place Avhere used. If ordinary schoolroom desks are used for offices, the books should be few and simple. In a fully developed business exchange, many labor-saving office devices can be introduced. BANK In Set A: Tjike.s deposits and pays checks of each student in floor woi-k. Balances pass book at end of set. Also holds notes against floor students for collection. Tliese notes are received ffom the Wholesale Office and General Agency to whom they were given by student. In Set H: Takes the deposit account of Student & Finney, collects sight drafts, sells bank drafts, discounts notes, and collects notes for Wholesale Office, General Agency teaeiier and Student & Finnev. 10. ' :' :: METHOD AND RESULT BOOK „"' ';: ;iia;iSM;.G.i'' Takes deposit account of Student Mercantile Co., issues cer- tificates of deposit, collects for out-of-town firms; otherwise as in B. BOOKS USED. A full set of banking books is desirable. They should be in the hands of from one to ten persons, according to size of school. WHOLESALE OFFICE (The work of this office may be done through General Agency, if desired.) In Set A: Fills 16 orders for each student (no merchandise cards); receives cash and notes in payment, leaves notes at bank for collection, keeps bank account. In Sets B and C : Not used unless it is desired to make this a corre- spondence office through which the out-of-town bills to stu- dents ma}^ be mailed and a collection department maintained. If this is desired, a fine set of business letters can be dictated in this office. BOOKS USED. If used with Set A only, a Journal, Cash Book, Sales P>ook, Ledger group will suffice. If used with B and C, a complete equipment including loose leaf customers' ledger, letter filing system, and duplicate billing is good. REAL ESTATE, INSURANCE AND NOTARY (This work may be done through General Agency, if desired.) * In Set A: Rents one property to student, fills out Bill of Sale, keeps bank account. In Set B: Fills Articles of Co-partnership, deeds, mortgages, insurance policies, and releases, acknowledges legal papers, discounts notes, collects rentals. In Set C : Same as in B. Adjusts fire loss. BOOKS USED. A Journal, Cash, Policy Register, Ledger set will meet i-e(iuirements. A more elaborate outfitting would call for a card follow-up and expiration system, and, possibly, a set of abstract books. RAILROAD AND EXPRESS OFFICE (This work may be done through General Agency, if desired.) In Set A: Not used. In Set B : Receives four outshipments of carload freight and delivers four inshipments, prepaid and collect. In Set C : Delivers in freight and receives thirty pieces of out freight and express, i:»repaid and unpaid. Collects four express C. 0. D. 's from General Agency, sends telegrams. BOOKS USED. A Freight Received, Freight Forwarded, Freight Cash Book set is required. GENERAL AGENCY (Active in Sets A, B, and C.) This office represents a large number of firms with whom the students have miscellaneous dealings. In each transaction the office acts as the firm with whom the student carries out his transaction and makes records accord- PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 11 ingly. Unless it represents tlio Real Estate and Railroad Offices, the transac- tions of this office are mercantile in nature. It gives especially good drill in making change, recording notes, and filing papers. BOOKS USED. A Purchase Register, Sales Register, Note Receivable, Note Payable, Journal, Cash Book, Ledger group of books is needed. A good deal of attention to filing and cash book proof is involved. THE CLERICAL SERVICE FORMULA (Used ill offices witliout bookkeepers.) In business practice. Sets A. B, and (". the student transacts at six office windoAVS : Bank, Wholesale. Real Estate and Insurance, Freight and Express. Genei-al Agency, and Postoffice. In a small department, these office windows can be combined into three. In a large department the General Agency should have more than one window. The office clerk's equipment consists of: (1) Bank, an indexed guide to transactions, a basket for tickets jind vouchers, a vertical file of forms and a. draft, a collection, and a discount register and a signature book. (2) Wholesale, an indexed guide to transactions, a basket for tickets and vouchers, a vertical file containing forms, a sales book and a credit register. (3) General Agency, an indexed guide to transactions, a basket for tickets and vouchers, a vertical file containing forms. (4) Real Estate and Freight offices, an indexed guide to transactions, a basket for tickets and vouchers, and a vertical file of forms. (5) Post office, an indexed guide for delivery of mail, a vertical file con taining such letters for students as do not emanate from the room. Where it is the policy of the department to keep complete office books, the papers in the clerks' baskets are to be turned over to the bookkeepers. . A full list of office books in all sizes is given in the Goodyear-Marshall catalog. If each student is required to do tliirty hours' office clerical work during his six months' course, the requirements of the students in business practice can be satisfied. Each Monday assign about six clerks for every forty in practice. At any time reinforce them witli others if the work is too heavy, or retire any who are not busy, giving them credit for the time spent. Give students in practice exercises tlie preference for office positions, for they can continue their bookkeeping work when the office work does not demand atten- tion. These office students should have time to pass on every paper submitted by a student, to compare it with tlie office guide, and to accept or reject it on its merits. They should not accept any paper witliout the transaction number writ- ten on it. as the teacher may want to locate some of these papers when they are submitted to him at the close of the day. If each student has a number, oral criticism can be made without calling a student by name. A business exchange period of from twenty to ninety minutes daily will be sufficient for transaction work. 12 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK TEACHERS' DAILY PROGRAM 1. See that office clerks are in position. See that bank and general agency clerks have cash counted and check sheets ready for day's work. If any student begins Sets B or ( ' today, pass the firm name to the clerk in postoffice. directing him to follow his Instruction No. 5. 2. Criticise and re(|uire rewriting of yesterday's defective papers. As no papers are returned to students, reference should be made to the papers by numbers. 3. Deposit in th(^ bank all checks and drafts collected from the office baskets of yesterday; leave at the bank for collection all notes from yester- day's baskets; return to the general agency all bills and certificates of stock or installment certificates received yesterday. 4. Exchange period opens. See that no more than three students are waiting at any office. Some teachers require the office clerks to give their customers numbers so that they may be served in turn. If any office is overworked, send an additional clerk. If any office student is idle, see tliat he continues his bookkeeping exer- cise work while waiting. There will be very little detail Avork to interfere with teaching. 5. Exchange period closes. All offices should be closed on the minute. Inspect each office clerk's desk to see that he has disposed of all papers. Receive baskets from each clerk, 6. Examine exercises and reports (comparing with Key) left in teacher's basket. Sort out the rejected exercises and reports for attention tomorrow. Credit the accepted productions on the class register, giving student credit on the date received. The credits for the entire six months' course can be convenientlv entered as follows: ''1, 2. 3. 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. 9. 10, A 10, A 20. A 30, A 40, A 50," A 60. A 70. A 80, A 00, A TOO. 11, 12, 13, 14. 15, B 25, B 50, B 75, B 100, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, C 50, C 100, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 30 hrs. office." The number of days intervening between credits indicates rate of progress. Make a note of slow students for individual attention tomorrow. 7. Examine vouchers from the office baskets. Sort them iiito (1) checks and cash items for deposit, (2) notes to leave at bank for collection, (3) bills and stock certificates for general agency to be returned, (4) defective papers for rewriting, (5) the remainder. 8. Examine letters from the postoffice. They require no answer, and contain no enclosures that need be preserved. 9. See that office clerks have balanced cash. Note. — The plan of bookkeeping and business practice instruction based on the clerical service formula has long been in use in some of the larger schools, and has been a closely guarded factor in their growth. It is in strict accord with the new doctrine of scientific management. This is the first attempt to give to schools without an expert systematizer the advantages of scientific management as applied to this line of work. To say that the results of teaching effort will be doubled in many business departments with the addition of clerical service, would be putting the case mildly. PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 13 <^«<^ v.y^ C/^-i^^-'?^ j>C^- 7^ 3 b y f jTo J' //I tJ'^ a^ / /p ^^^^^A-^i-c^^Ly / / o ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS (on reverse side of sheet) 1. Business is the process of elianging one kind of value into another kind of value. 2. Men engage in business for the purpose of profit. 3. Money is the measure of values. 4. The profit is shown by comparison of cost with the value received in any given instance. 5. Persons change property of one kind into property of another kind or they exchange property with other persons. 6. For inspection and comparison a business is divided into several parts. 7. An account is a complete entry of all transactions pertaining to a given part of the business. 8. The title is the name of the part of the business which the account represents. 9. The ledger is the book of accounts. 10. The general rule for debit and credit is: "Debit the receiving ac- count; credit the giving account." 11. The debit side of the cash account shoAvs the time, source and amount of cash receipts. 12. The credit side of the cash account shows the time and amount of cash payments. 13. The credit subtracted from the debit totals of the cash account show the amount that should be on hand. PROGRliSSIVF. BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 15 ^-^ ^ L:^''^€^yVl^^,^^^z^.'y^^^ &l^^6i^ u^ /^ — /f-^i^^-^^^-^y -^j ' (l.^ 2^ y J ^^^^,,-c^ / ^^ J J^^ / // ■ ^/ t::^£.^«>-z: ^ ''" ^7 //^-..(^(^^^z^ / 7^ J- '32/- ■2 a v=/te^l:,«^,!»S k3 y^O. \ // ^ 3 S o ^ h-- a^^ 7 / ^J~o a. 7^ - ^ i? a a, K^^ ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. The effect of every business transaction is to transfer value from one part of the business into another part of the business. 2. In every transaction, one or more accounts must be debited and one or more must be credited. 3. Debits and credits must be in equal amounts. 4. The characteristic of double entry bookkeeping is that all debits and credits of any transaction are shown in their respective accounts. 5. One is led to believe that the posting is correct if it appears that the sum of debit footings of all the accounts equals the sura of credit footings of all accounts. 16 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK (^^ ^ t^ 6^25^/^^ y?2.'^i!.y»^u^?^,-e^-?^ jQ:^e^;6.^j:/f / ^— ^Uc'. ^-«2.-^^^::,<^<_ ^7^<2 '9U-*^ / ^^^Z^t^-d.^ 6^f S'a U y^^^.,€tJ^£d,^^ / ^o // iht-tC^C^. ^S-o ^2 / ^7 ., K^ O £> /^ /^ / 7 O 9 V- 2 2 C £> r'l, -7 1 ^ 1 6 /^ y-^-^r^.^a,^*i,^ /" ^ / " ^ ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. A complete record of the transaction is uot found in the ledger because there is not space in a ledger account to record all the facts per- taining to it. 2. Entries appear in the ledger in the order of the titles affected. 3. The Journal is the book of original entry. 4. The Journal entry contains the date of the transaction, the ledger titles affected, a complete memorandum of the transaction, and the amounts. 5. No erasures should be made in the journal. 6. Journal entries sliould be made immediately after the occurrence of the transactions recorded. 18 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ^--Z^-''^ ^. ^.yW^^-i^€-^g^>^--<::^t^i6^ (^:.^«-<^^<^^^^?^ / ^ / / / / / / Vv^r^^/'- :^.»^y'^:?fe,zz.^^^ (^.^^ ^^r^P^jLl./^^. 't^a..-<£^ ■ ^a^-Jtff^i^i*^yiZJ«^^ /'^-^^, 7>acfeL /Lf OC'£> j/fJ'o ^ /^ 7 ^ /^r ^ t^ / / / y^A^::tj^^L.J^e^ -i^%^ (Z^ti^. a^r,.-*:^^ -^^oo^t^A^tiCcn^ ^X ^^ /^y^ /cT^ C^ >/^ f' 'P ^ £> J^O ^ a a a /i/^ &\fc> ^J /' v^ J?^^7 ^CP cf oo^ PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 19 ^-^^^- ^-(^,,..,^^^^1^ (:^i^,,..-.^^ Pofe 7 ■gS^- / / / ^ ^ a/ ^'^ ^-^- Z o 8 S- '^ 5^^ /^ -C3^^ i-/ /KjfO£>C> f t 9 o 9 ■/ 8 Ma \J^Oat? J'/ ^z y^^.&^L*i^J.-^(.^z^c^.^..^ley' Paqi ^2. /f- ^z- 1 <>/^^6^ / ^ / ^f/^ jT/ ^4^ : / ^ ^ ^ / / -? 9 ^z J » 7 » / s- 1 J- <^^^ -/ ^ ^ ^ / 9 f 9 I :-^ z^- ©4^ 2i^ ..f^ ^ / f-JlP i^^. '-/ ^ / •<^^ t^-i^ ^ [/ /y^ ^ i \^ / / J^c ;? r^ ^ / ^yTo ^ ^ (^ >/^ 20 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ^^'^^^ .^^^:^^^cgL^^.^^-^^..l^^^:^,^^^/^ /f. t^/k,^<--t::z.^ :£! /v/>^^ / / / 2 / :? / / / / / / / / / / / 2 / / / 2 ^^^..^yC^ -1^-^C.<£-^^ I^Pi^.^^ '^n^^.^.L.^^ ^ v4 ..X:^ ^^^ /a -^£^^^..MA^ j^:r^^ /J 2 1^0 .' / 2J / O / 13 / -? 9^7^" \^ ^ J^^f /32 /^ / O Paqe Z. h o & 6 Jc ^J>^t f /< ^4 J/1 ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. Furniture and Fixtures is tlie account M'itli movablt" property of per- manent value bought for the use of the business. 2. Teams is the account with horses, wagons and tlie like used for deliv- ery and other work. 3. Expense is the account with things bought to be consumed in the business. 4. The cash value of an account is the selling worth of property charged to that account. G-^^y: ■y'-C ■i/C^i^.^-^^ Pa^el. // cJ~C^ ^ 7 ^^ fa/ a- o£_ a / ^/ ff ^ 2^ 2rL 5. The gain of an account is found by subtracting its total debits from its total credits plus cash value. 6. The loss of an account is found by subtracting its total credits plus cash value from its total debits. 7. An inventor}" is a list shoAving its cash value of all property belonging to an account. 8. An account showing gain or loss is closed by entering the cash value (if there is an inventory), entering the loss or gain in the lesser side, ruling the account, posting the loss or gain to Loss & Gain account, and carrying the inventory below the ruling. 9. The Loss & Gain account is used to exhibit in one place the gains and losses of all accounts. 10. After receiving the net gain or loss, the proprietor's account shows the net worth. 11. Original entries in the ledger are made in red ink to indicate that they must be posted to the opposite side of some ledger account. 12. The double lines indicate that a ledger account is closed. 13. After accounts are closed, inventories and balances are carried below the ruling. 14. The proprietor's net worth, account balances, and inventories are car- ried down on the date following the closing. 15. (Six steps found on page 24 of text.) PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 23 .JT ' /' ^=yC^^^A.^^«x-^/ ^/ QjL fSyJ- ^J" ^^^^ / ip <;2 / ^^^>2 7 ^/ ^/ 24 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK r. ^^^^^^^?^.«2u^^^<^^j^?:^^;^^??i^^ J^u^n^ / J / ■3o Iht^-£:C<1^ / / / J? ^-<^^i^-a^..^'^':^^2^Z^ ^ ^-^^g^-^^of^ //Jg^ ^2.t^^C£V^^ iZ^^ M^7'--iiyK'^^'^^^:^^^<^<-^€Z^yH^ -/^a{ A^-^^ ^-.^.^^g.^ /;l.u-^A^^<.^rt^vi.^ a r/ a■/-^■■7t-^^Z2y / /!> ^/ /^ ><^^ ^^ I^^Z€^:^^^'^^^^^.Z,^Z^^2^v^ // >^i7 ^^ / ^ 2/ / (Pa c /x >^^ 4^-^ ^■V— i/^/^ >^^/ .^ 2 ;^ /v^ ^ a_2^ Ai^^^ J^. ^=2= f l^^ ^2^ ^2 ^ o? ■^/ o o a az Vf i£^ ^£tJ*"f. A^^^t-^^Z,.*^^y'~^^^^^ M J^ '^iZ-<^*fc<>t-«J-.£-^ -ii^^32c^^:2£d:;^' pj /2-i)L£^€i^n..^i.^^-^ £'^^.-^;L^^/ 2 ^T±^Z -2:2 "^ ^-^ ■ =^ /oT^ ^5^ >^^ ^^ /^ -v 2^ ^^ f/ QurU yU- Jsf^ 1^^ =^ f i^fc^Siabtf^ J^^ AZ-iZ'^^a-o''-'^^ / -I^S-a.Z^fcn.'r^e-y tP a O / 2 / / 2 "3 (p /? n d ^ CP o ^ J2 7 ?9 rn 2d. iPy<:^S''2- :2 ^c L^ 2S= ^^ ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 1. Property is sold for cash, for other property, or for claims against persons. 2. Claims against others are usually in the form of accounts or notes. 3. The ledger title for notes in our favor is "Notes Receivable" and for notes against us, "Notes Payable." 4. The ledger title for claims or open account against persons is the name of the person owing. 5. Financial accounts are accounts having a certain fixed value to be settled. 6. Commercial accounts arc accounts Avith things for which money is given or received. 7. When closing a ledger, financial accounts are left unchanged unless their values have been impaired. 8. "We debit the name of the person who buys from us on account be- cause we look to that person for payments. 9. We debit Notes Receivable account, as that title represents all notes held against others. 10. Included under the title Notes Payable are our promissory notes and acceptances due others. PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 27 ^^ ^^ '<:^-^^t.^4y7^^^.^ . t:^ l/z^-^-rty /H^a^-ft^^zA.-?l / ^7^ -S^^^ L^O ^^.// '^^bu^,/^ jf^ z^- // p.^9iy(^/ ^£/y // / / / / U J? 2 / 2 / J / / z z / 3 / / 2 ^v/^ >^ i^:j o ^7 >/ ^^ / ^.? ''/. v^^^ :?-/' J?^:? 2i /J 3J / 2J' iff //-Jf^ 28 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ^^^^^-e-^^'-?^^tzj^' ^ ^yZ'-^^^^^'^^^^ ^^f-^ ^:2^j-ff '^^^^^ay ^// ^ ^U'fcey .^ / 'l■^-^n.^^^ t// J'/ 6/7 - -ilt£yiyy?7^.^^-'rC^il!iy ? / :2^ J^ 2 J'/ //a ^tp ^.r ^7 v/^ PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 29 C/-i^HC-yi^ y^z-a^ ■^■Z--'?Z^C-^-^^^ ^/ / / 2f 3/ (2u^. J/ G&^ / ^^Z.£^ ^^Tf^t^C^ >2 / z '^i^^e^-<^*?»«.-t^ fjTJ'JT / ^ ^ /I j^^- ^<2^ '-^^Z^y^ J'jT^ 7 /I I / y jr> ■ ^V/ -y^J / v// / 1^ ^'^y ^ (Z^A^.T-f^ ^ C-^-^o^.^<£^ J/ (^^^iu^ ■3/ 1/^ J- y y y 2^<2-4g.^^-<^e^ / jrj-3 .r^Tj-'j .rs'j'^ J /J 7 ^ f* 1 a /J 7 ! // ^V^ -a-if ^ ^/3 PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 33 ^^ /^. "--(^^^z^^/^y --^Sg?>f...^^^ ^—^4^ ^:^. -:^j&.^^rf^.-Tr^jeJ /J' J 3 f -r o 7Jf J 2^11 ^--^^2:^^^ -^^^-^5-^ /j^ V >^ 7 \J'-/ i-S-^ ^^/■co/ ^itf.^ /G-f^^z^ /i/^- .?V J? ^9^ ^^t^.^. ^M ^ /J J' ^/^' .1 j?^' /jAc \fU^ .'/IC :2o^c 34 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ^^^^^f__^^^^-^^^^^^^ / ^1 -^ . -'?-2.^i>.:t:£y ■r /* '.-^a> -«^«k4 /< ?/. \^^L^:-<2^'-ii^--iz..Z-^t^^>-i^^^ ^/^ /f / / / ■J 77^ ^tJUZ. J^ SJ-J- ^^^ / / / 7yo 2- ^ a^j~2> frj / ;? Jo^kTo s^a PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 35 ^^ /O. "~'^i.^^t!t.,^£:t^^--?^..Z^x^^^^yz.^-^C:^^ Pa.qe I "^^^^^l/^ ^^^^^/^^^i-^^^^2>^^. /°a.^e 3. / ^ ^^ /v/' /vy- 'i^ (^ J' ■'/ 0', 7^ <^^^ X / <::'•' j2 -^-{^y /'a^ /^ K^J'C ANSWERS TO QUESTIONS 3- 4- 5- 6. 7- 8. veniently 9- 10. 1 1. 12. 13- 14. 15- The three common kinds of transactions are buying, selling and handling cash. There are occasionally other transactions. The Journal, Cash Book, Purchase Book, and Sales Book may be used for original entries. The purchase book contains entries of merchandise bought. The sales book contains entries of merchandise sold. The cash book contains entries of payments or receipts of cash. The journal contains the entries not made in the special books of original entry. By division among four books, original entries are more easily posted, entries are more con- made and found. The explanatory space of the ledger is i:sed freely in personal accounts. The ledger is divided into general, purchase and sales parts. When a purchase book is used, merchandise is debited with the total periodically. When a sales book is used, merchandise is credited with the total periodically. The cash book totals are not posted to the ledger because the cash book is considered one account. The difference of cash is entered (red) in credit side, account footed, ruled, balance carried. The cash book and ledger must be referred to in taking a trial balance. ^>^. // ^Q£^^_^j^^^7-. y— ^^. a^<^^ -^^-«2^^-^-^ 01/ /y/V-/^7 Jf'/^/ /^^/^.^ 74£. ^.^/z PROGRi:SSIVL': BUSINESS ACCOUNTIXG <<3t«»-^, 37 '^,:^..<£^. /a -ii^ ^ a ^f ^i^/ \ xd. / ^ 7'^ //f// / ^^/-? i^f Lz. 9^ &2^// ^-^S^^z^^^?^^^-^-^-^ i^/t^-^iy'^^^z!^.^ k -.fL^-^eAy 2?Z^gU^^^ 3 ru^j' /^jy/2 2on i/ 2 ^ C J~fe i^ 2 2 o 2 ^ '/>?/ ,f"/^tf-/ Jj/2^rj'^ 2 J / 1^ 7 ^ ^ ^i/2j'J'S ^o d.£L 'AT 38 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK /X =7-^ ^^a^. 7 // y / 2/ ih-tz,^-^^ //^^^^^ ^<:^^',^-'i^ -^^^t>^A^ 'J- <^^5Ji^^e?^ ;2^ /^ Sjy '-2^c /6> So / / a a^> 7 Ot:} V2fS' /2t? y.T' 7 J^y^s- PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 39 /Z. .2/ .?^ y^P ^/ ^-^,^^ ..d-'/t^ , >^?'^.:^::^^ ^-^<^-^~^ /^ f^ / 7^ /' w fy^ ^ ^ ^f^ 3 ^p ^ ^^ ^ff /7^ ^^?^ 7^^ t7^ 7 jT' ^. ys /^ / 7'' / ^ oo 7^V- 7^ -^^ i.s^ .iji ./^ I^P^yL^ ^aja:e^.J^ ^CZ^.,^J /2- 7 /? f^ X ^ JV :!^34^3 />;?/ /. PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 41 /^ '^^ ^J H .:^ .^^ t^^j^j yt*-Ao^ ^ / > METHOD AND RESULT BOOK -nr= y'Z.^'i^ A.^-^ .tJ-' /^iT-t'-e^^d^ «i«^^?v-i^^?e^t<^ £^>i^«z:<^:^3-t^<^^^«^<^ ' ^ t2^^- ' ^a^4,;tH.£^ rf<^. /J2f ±0 f ^/ / P OO 4^tA-<-7i^ /J^itdx^ /j O-Aat^^^^-t^ ^ tX^^''/ / t^jxjA S^XJLLA j^tC^!«-i^ z-^ ,^:^^i us/a-'n't^u^ -^e«^ V^ ^^Z-^^^e.^^ jQ-^/ j_±i_riA S'l / /^ t? o o / i if Z ^ o / r.n / ///-// lA ^^:^^ 4£/ ^f / / ^//l i/j^ ,2X /%£4^^^ n-^^'Lje.y '■tty: "li^-^'S At^. ^Zi^t; oihc, 2 ii Jo /^a-ii^ii-^t-it-c--?^ U '^^:g=^fc^^r^ -^Sim^^a^t^ yyyS 2c^ g£A£lA IT / 2 ^ :)^ (? r^^ '^ 9' 7// S'J 2 / 2 /^ s'r^ / 2 o ^ J JJS /S'J 2 / /32f y^//^ 2 //^^^ // z^ / / ^ ^ i£= ih^ £/_ 44 ^S^z.'^/xj: METHOD AND RESULT BOOK /^a,ae Z '4^ Z^»-rv^ ^^ / / // >o j^>t-»''t-'>«.^i?-t^ .?-/ J^^ /f^^ze-^sz^^t-e^ /2;&^C2S:^i^ i'-^ /^ ^^^ fept£-^i^^ ii^^^^r 7:?--^' :^^ .J' ^ 7 ^ ^^".r^ f,r^^ / £> / f^ c^ <5'''-^i // '^^^r;?^^ ^;^,£,-J ^(^^z "i^i^s^-feSiSicaa ^ jG /iAtZ^rt-i:^ :2 ■O 4f-iZ.-^i^ /j^ \J^^i-<^-rf?i-''^'-^~y^2''i;^^^^^ /^ / / / J / ^22?^ / / y.^^ ^^ ^^y^<> .^Z^. ^^ ^^^7^ ^^ PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 45 ^I^^/v/: c^^^:^=gl^^"^^:^2g^^<^!///'/. '7 a ^--Z^y^ /kjT '-jS^^:^^^:^^'^^^^^^'^'-^*-^^^^^?^ o/^t^-^^t^-nj^ ^^, cAt^J/^ /^^ ^p f^_ i?f / a tp (? a. ^^e^^^J^a^f^ Si,.;ti^uy:f1}'-^^^-'i^^ / / /J / ■y a ff foo J^y^jyf /^^^ 2 J' 777 62 / ^f ^^ X ^^ :}^//'/jy i J3r/ v^? ' 3^j ff 2Ja J /^j'j^ 'J>.^jrr/ ^ 2z jT^ /i* / // | <^^ ^^ ^ 46 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ^7 7 /?^/' A- .>^^^^i/4^^? J'^^/ ^// 7^ ^'^^k ^^^u^u^. ^ t^?t^<«^ /PZ-CZ-.^^'e'-VT^ . /^ '^<=' /P^S^t-^^^z^^i^ ^ /// ^^ J' If f/'f V f ■^^^^ a a tf o // /-r-//. ^7 ^^ 48 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ^^>V7. '^'i:.t^yL^'?^z.^€Z^f J- / 7 ^ /^ /J* /J" V^ /^ /I 3* ^<9 /// /.y ^/^ ^/4 -^.-r- / ^ ^^ ^/ ^ /i' 7 ^' 3 ^-t? / ^.^oT^ 7^ .>^^ ^/^ PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 49 ^^ TT^ iHieAy/^ J./ '7 ^0 ^/ :^ -^^.^-^^z^ ;i^^^6iei222^;-i -Tij^y ^^ ^ -i^ -^a k2£^ •~^iZ'^i'^:»i^»L^ .? ^; O // ?./:/ / ///<■ 7 s f , ^f ^^ J Sn /uj' / 2 q ^ ^// a ^ ^^ /^^ J*^ 73 <^^ ^^ ^^^z^Cey (^A^^ . /^ /'/j V^ /¥ I f^ ^ C— i;21.<^l^^^ • ../^ ■ :^: _i^^.^ . v:^^,?v ^- .^Vi,*<-e^ ■^zXw' JJ^,^ /■J- / c> ^ -^Z f f r PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 51 /J 1 'V Vj- y/l^rC^^^^-o (:?^t-^U^ ^a^/ / J* ^S^/^ 1^ iV/-/ ^/^-t^^.A-.^,/^^.^^^^ ^^--^--^ ^.^^ ^ r % r^ ^ /■. ^'7 ,r.5/ /.^l' (:^ ^ u-:r:.e^ cT^v-^^ /«'.-^ 6/^ 'Ze^iLZ^ -c5^ ^ ^ ^ i? ■J J cf'^O 7 1 J 79 fo fo /l/- <^/;> -/ / ^/ yj Lfi^ t/^^ -^'^^ 4/ /^/(/yJ^ ^;/^ /^ /^ w^^'v;^^ /-?"-<,, ?^- ^? -^-li .^J ^<^/r/ /^ -y-rjaf^ y s^/yv^y^/ /^ £i^ v// ^^ vX"/ /7^^ /.^ ^Z' ^^/c? ^/ '/// ^^ PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 53 '^<^^-try^''r^^^^^^^ 'A ^^>/r 7 ? / (? W '^l^J-' / ^^ ^2^/f £.a^. / f/ / 4^/ (J/ s' /J- 4^7z-t/'-i^ot:t:^-^Uy d/^ ^j(?T--t*^i.-^fZ^fi--uy v^^?^'*'<-<>^^:J5ii^ j^y d'^^ ^/^ Z/^ J?^w^-^ ^, 7/^ ^1 / o 9 ^^ r^ rj^f j-/^^^ c /y 1 7 a^ jT^ /^/7 / ^/ Z4£ /^^ /^ '.f/ l7^ '^hz.t^.^.^.&y \f/ C'^Ji py A' £lAg ^ r^j rjf^j' i£L / o /^ ffy_ A^ .^/^ .zyj'/i- / <:> r y^i^.v^ /;?/i -^V^ ^/c/ 7/-^' TT ///- £^ /^ /. 54 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ^9- i^c^ h^\J ^ ^ f /J' d^^ < AJJfyf ^!^^^ ^z^i^r^c^J^/^^C^ ^c/V^/ 7^ /A ^^ / 7 «^:?€1 ^^^ ^i^ I// (!3tt^^^^-/ae.yLy./c^<~^ /^^z^-^^^^-^-c^ 4^ ^ ^'^ (3^ /^2^-54^t^-^ /^ ■ (-^7 ^^ '^-^/-c^^ ^^^:^^-?^^ ^72' .f/. ^J '-^^^5^^ 6?/ ^i*^^ 4^/;^ /^ y/y^ -^ ^'J i S / ± /^//y/ b^,^/ ^^ /:^^.^r:>r^^y^^^-€^^Uy<^/r^^/ /£^ •K^, <^r^- «^ ^ g^ 1^ y^T^ ' (O^ 7 r iJjZJiAi^^ 56 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK 5^;^/^^y.;? ^- ^77/'A'y-^'/<^^y^<-' '^^I'J'l r^. f /- ^ / /^/.^^ /lCl^4C.^ / -^z// ./^ ^^iVoA^ ^// ■ fr/ dt I /■r ^.^'7/k>2 PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 57 &^^ ^^ fl. ^tr^^^ly^/ 1';^^_^^/.^-^;J%,JA^..^ ^ ^ t^ ^— ^?%<,A/ z:A..<,'-i,^^^4,<^ d^<^^ '. .X^ii^yO^^t^ ^^/7 . fv-_-!S^$^5v J~^t? ^ - ^<^^ -J?^ ^'^ '^'^^ o /^ a ^^c ^^?^^<^:^ V - — .-i^^^ ^<^ /^ i9 ^ ^ ^ £> C a c ^ ZMl^-. ^^^^Jy-iL-^i^ <^ /C/^rz /"i^- ?-z^i!r^^ — ■-r^?L- 6Z^ / /J' i^(^ // /J- /^ / ■S / / 7 S" o ' yj'/'i /jy-Sioc ^ / a / C i> fa /? 4££ ^//./: / / -/-^^ ^S-s^c/ > f ^ i> ff CA\ o ^/ Ul a^ Qu^n^'3-a /t /a / / r /•A '2^ '/>z^!5?^ i^<^ : (-e,^ '^ '.^-Z. .' /-r-/: '' Cy.f / ■ 7^- /^ ^.^-£-a.,<£.^c(^-iyy 'V^ -(^ ^ yj^-atiAe^ /^ ace ^^^^i.^ r' % ^n^-i. -t^ ^^ ,2,-'' ;i^< '^n^i <>c^^^-^t-% ■.y.^^c^'>'T^7^4-<-t,i^^ .<-c^<^,.ji^-^..££y J? ^S-^-t> -d^t-rL-i-C.^' / a C^^^^tzyU^ dcyi^J /^^— .^<^^;Z,i^^<^ l^J^^ -^^d^^i-tz^yi^,. '~^2,^:W:'y ^^.^^ ?/?.aA\ / ^ ^ ^ ,— ^^^ClZ-'i-.^-^ ^'/ Co^tiM >AZj:25'<^ <^ 7 v/-^?^ /^? .z^ ^ a a o o oa PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 61 ^f j^. if / / / '?^t-€iAy ^ ^ J^c -* z'. ^ ^ ^ f (y e i> ¥ o ^ o ^^ ^ u^Ay J // a^^:^^'y a.^y 6:^:2 ^-X!^ J ^■y /a<^ tA►^,- o ^ G ^ ff o 62 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK / \J -^ ^ /^ /^ -.^i/ .,<:!l^/ ji^y. / ^. 4^--g^^^ ^O / C ^ f JO 7C PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 63 ^^-2^^ J^ / 0^v^'?X /j'- ^ yTy c^i^'a^-7n / o ^^ Jo ^J' 2S ff\ / ^ ^ 7 /i*/ i.r ^T.-^-t^i^^yt^'T^l^O-^^^^ ^^") / J2 ffZ oT^ ^=^^^^Zg>^^ZX.g^^>^>-S^^^^l„-2^ 12 O "^iff-^^ ■Tt-e^^^ '-^z 2^--i^ 7 '^i^t^^^ ^y^i^ ^^/ iV -^-x- ^^/ ^/ «^. / i? ^^ ^-. /(^v jO fo.-s/T"^^--* ^^-'l^' ^A'9^-^^~t- ^Z^e^' ^7 7?ty3. ^^, ^ -<^- -^^ 7^ / ^ ^/^ / ^ L7 Oz^i^ / 2 'yttt^ ^ -a-^t:^^ f z^' -4/ v^7 .rv^ jT^ 7^ Mf^ 66 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK (ci-'x:.^ J^ J^ ^ ^?x-<>W:,^ a.-^^-'^-c<.'>o^u^^ Ot^^^^c^^^ \Ct2.^ WMcUe \<^fn^\ff^ 7ci Jlff'TvC' Md^e. Ca^A Syyo h^ '////^A' Uo Co / 2, flu 7 ' i I in /-/■^i 7c 3 t jT h /^h //-- 'fSTT-^^ ^'^fSj Ju^ ^0 iJ-i;c- /OOC ^imu 7^ utf^ 4 /a — . ^ij //V/ ^/ ^a iy^L2i 'S^fU ^^jSj ^, ^^/ /li^ ^^2.^ /ff ac f/ PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 67 ^\j^^^ \^Zyi^ti..nJ:y~G...^tA-eA^^^^ Paqe I. ^-^^^LA..-,:^-^^-^^ K -GTif--^ PaqeZ. o/h^ /x 'LL U/ / ^^/ J^' iL^ '-^ a o t24..^i^tM^ J£_a_ &. ^iA A/ liZi^d^ZAj ■^^/^'''t.-(:^'tz..i£y <^i^^u-«:^«2^-^.2.-<^.^/ c^^^^^S-^^/l/. Ji^ J^/ ^7 ./^^ >t/^ C SJ o /^ ^ / / ^- /A Z2 ^i ^■^ ^ / ? / / ^^ /^^ /^-£ .^2; 68 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ^r/bx^-^-i^U> I^;^^^±ru^^ /S.rn.-n.^M^tSif. /SrOA^y-^AJ^ iu^^ , «yV. ■^/^ ??Zit^ J,^,/4 /■^l-^^-TZyi,-*^ ^^/ /7 f //J'V/ ./^ -/^ ^<, /^ a^->r liiyj <^-A^ w / /1 1 a' <£6_ ^ .yc^^^fv 2^7 '4- ^- i Ho i^. :42L /3a.£. t. JJ-LL _U_'iO S'S'0 2. yJa ¥i !S Q-l^c-rije.^ > /^- (^Aji^^-^-i -J^^/ix^^.^.^ /3 Ml /J / .-.^ <^ .rsf LP 2 o^'/ ^'Cjo iL 1 1 2 7 2h^l^M^ \V CiJ 'fo ISiALL'H /^/^/-^"f^ ^ -t-rfi. mMJ (P f 2^1 To W lAJJL jalb. S' JJ2^ fj_ /f/^ , / b O IJ^ry 1^ //^. ' % /f/r// :^7 U/f I y '.y^//^, ///^V/ ;'j ^. ^ Ot/^^ty -7'a^<^'-i''^, ^ -/^-aJ:^ ^X<^n /2^^ ..'i^ 2^ ,, $?'^^' Q-^(2<:^yU^ 2C^^i^^J^ '^■Ti-nfA^ y-ti-'yiiy' / <^/><^ - J?z^ /./ c/?';?? ^^^^^^.j^^ ^cr^yy-Sa-. 7?ut^ .9?^^ j2. 4 :> X ^i^^g-^^gg-^ i^^ ,ffTtm.£y' L^ d-^ 9^^v /.o /-?;.-^o •ALll. ^^ j^ -^u^ 7?r./^ rt, -ei-'iZ-T^J'^' / 7 /_^ /^^ r^ /^ t. c /" ^p<»-t^g^^-^>fv^K-a4^ J' ^ /<^ A '^2^::^dX^2>3/h^a^Z2£.L Jj£llil ?^ 7 :%^v S/9^u^^) ^^^^^^/. f3:. /^i ^ -^^^-^/^aJi^^j 1^1 -it -i^, ^A/^j! ' ^/A 2^^. 1/7 /Z' ^1 X^ -rj' /,^ P.^OGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTIXG 69 <^^:2J. 'f^- -y t-t'^'-a^- -^ ^9^ ^i^^^^ i^^ht^^J^ ^•J^A^M^^t^'^^ c^l-4- ^ ^■^---Le_U-dJ ^fa^Jn.<^^^;9Zr%J '^'t a-M^ tzA^ /S--^ "^f^'-rt^Co^ 7:/jl a/^n-iy-i^n^ '/^f 'I^^ '%?lc^. lpo_i 2C Z^ G^^^^i^^-^yf^&^vi. <^^ 'SLl /^ ^ , ¥- /a a ytt^yi^ ZLL^ 't^-^^-i^ 7^1 -^ QYa,4^.fJ 7^/^ / X ,v-^4»^ .i^< r^c a Jo -^ ^ iW&^v ^^^-yTiy/X^ /)^^c--'y>tA^»-^<'(i^. ^.aM^^jJ/ i^ ?o /i^iZ^n^y, ^M^-?7Uf-±C-' //^^ MaJJAJkf /i/-2 ?a 7?t. ■a-tf IL '}n£■,^'^yle^c^'J/ '>?i^^^ Z£ >'l2-^/Ayf.dJ^^ /}/c ) 6^a^^^^^lJ<<^ if /'A.a^ ZM y/^^ 2^ Qu-9tey / ■M't.^i.*^jC(t-<^/24^ y^(^W 'Z':^^ AP?.Yi^^f^ ^: i^£H ^ 62Aj^^/l/c '^a:/:e.-^Af>-c . ^^a^rrw^ r^4 /073a ?{l-^^u^t^'^ / O £) "/^s- li^ <^ t^;:^^^ ^ <_-*r:y^--^-ty^ ^^':'^ Zy ff - -^A.'-^:iL£y.<:^-c^ ^^^Se.^u... n> ,^^-,^«^ (lI-^g^-«;5-<^l-t-tf!cgX j/ <^-7v/ Mij^^ y ^^.^^^^ ./ ^7./:^ ^ 7-^^^ £ .^^<-^/ ^ yu^-^z^^.^, /(•/- (Z^.*^i^ yjU^t-t:!^^ ^/f^ <^ J' ^ tJ^y^, yf-C^yL-i^^i.-c^'^ A/ Vi'4^^/ ^ tju^^c^y^^. ^ /fue^.^^.^yZ£-iJ 4?ir> ^i^-7Z.-^rL^^ ~7 •^ /2^,.£^JU^L^ Jht"^ k .'dU^ J-^ ^ e,^-^-t/ /&<,^r^ J'.^-z:i/j /^/fJ 'AJ y / "% ^^^^^^^^ ./ 4l£/ /-^ 4^ y // /■ rr .-d-tljff /^J'-TJ i2 70 /J- '9' ^/ // 1^ / ^/ // METHOD AND RESULT BOOK vC2^z^ Potfel. ¥^ 7f^ ^2. rSy / fi7 A. ^y iMLte tf i2^A:Z-c^ '.^iZ^CL.' i>-^^ "1^%-^Ai../^ -o-nJl^ 7 4£' ^ ^^. ^/ 3/ I// / /^ ^ C^^ '-^fi-'fl^^a-'ri-if^^^ / / / ^ PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 71 ^^ ^hL^t^^/ ^^fi.^7^ Z: 3fyfl // '^0 //-OOP lujS? yy/ 3f JSota f If^^J J 10 ^ yilMjL^ ;/f; /7 7^/^^* 39fyf 2y^7 J / / >/^f 7^ /^ ^_ // Sff£>0 a >^/^^ S'o oca U 7<-) yf/ ^fo I. yf/U'/^^ rfp^y. r4 ^ 72 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ~x2£^j^(^ ZZ? raw e r: 'Sank. C'udh In {}/^ // (^i//^ /-ia/u//CCS. M' Deposits Checks Bnlof'7C(^S. jAjL^^. .^ V^^ rp ,:r"^<^^ CI. \f~^ ff J'^ac^ r^ S'o 1/ ^ AAA. jj:^ ./"^ LLl. v/^ Us:^f / /./ M-L 7^:(Il ^£2£. J£J. vS :£2 :^'^^s Jl fTi^f JS^ JLl. 4lA // t/ / // ^/ OS Jf L jLH^ >// ■:tA v// j:2 _^ n^.1 /J^ JJU- JJL 2 / J rj a^r. ^ j/- on3 J?^ vO ^ _^ ZZ^ X _^£Z P^. >^// £Z, ^ fsVf,^ ^/ / 7jr '-,gg ./^ /> /? _iAi:z 2Z. /^ ^ ^: -ii£j 7^ oX ^ _:^ y/ ££ 22 ^ ^ .^^ oS ^i^ :IZ. >^^^ £^- r^fo Ql l.'-£Sj^ ^fl c£j^ 'ir/y ^J -/./V Al^ a .6AX ^ L^/ ^ 5^ /J': :^, ^ /, ^^ Lf6/ fi /^7 ^ J. ^JIZ. /-?/ ^ # A^ / 7/f JT/ X^ ;./ <<^// ^ .^> ^ 25 /?/^ ^/ 6Jc .^/ /i /v"/) ^ •/-P^ ^/ AA' ^£Z '^ r7 A. / ?-; (M Alll 3 / fe ./) / './ff J / ^ .xz^ii. fe4 ^^iZ/ ^/ jU^ll. ^^^ -^ ^ ^y^ 0- Z^ .^flZ //-?^ ;./Vl ^ / -^ ^;^^ J'^ i:^^ f //?/ ^ {X/7 ^ ^li 3 3 J/Jll^ ^■ ■r^/ J'oS S'(^ _z£:lL^. /3 £^:(Z IxL U- ru^ ^£i 2J?- ^ h h , fi/- ci/^ £^ ^ ^//^ -iif ^ '.2A$.JZ}£L .lliAS— PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 73 q£^^^ Ji^e/jortJ- of Progress. J 10. J20. / - ^/:^J~ J 30. 7fU). / - / a^XJ' TTO. / -Jj/y/.^f Ji 9 O. Z- 7 ^ o.Z / ^^^^^^ ^Qz^^C^^i^^y^.^.^^ ^/. (^ (j¥^ :?^ l^ 7 7 ? 7 1/ C--*-y^,£^- 7 S f /a 74 METHOD AND RKSULT BOOK --&L^{^ ^^^:^,.^^t^^^^:.-^ ^d^ (^ (2? // /o // & // K3 C^ C9 (^-^ (/^. (fj- \if^ La/ // ^ ^Z--J.^' /^'t-Y^-<^ '^/r (^ oJ ,z.--rK^t^-'7T^ / <^2,z^c^a^^^'^ te^.y^.,zz^ ^■^-tZ^£.^€i^-,^^..^I^ Y7. 1^ // 7 /^ ^^^ b J" J'POC i£<1Aj2.. //. '^^ 4^^- /^^^ ^J^y^Q^^ 1/ 6^// ^2,iwj«iZ.£^ V^/^ J'j^s n 5- t. 7 1 / y /J? ^ ^. ^.9 /> :^7^/ ^^/ ^^ /'Z ^ 7 K^-J^ // ^^^ lL<2J1A ////AjT^P J2L ^T-^-^ o ^3 // J. l£n ^ f^ / / U/ i o z '^ A / o y/ / l^QjJ^dJL 76 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ^^^^ ^ ^^-^>/^:^V--.^^-.^^ ^ 2 ^ (g)/^^^^ z^^@> ^^t?^/^^^ / / 1 // // ^ <1^ /^ ^ 6 M %^ /a ^ V ^^ / a £^, „ %y^ /fa /Sa %-Vfcy3a %^ ^. %. 5^ f; /7/ / / ^7 ^7 ^ y i' /3 a 77 4^^ 3 hi / ^ 7 O 3 o kT/ z:^ a 7 z/ s « ^^ \23/ i^ ^? V Z * z V 2^ 2. •/■ 3 y^f / ^r ¥ £££ 3 i/i^ o/ h ^ PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 77 ^^^^^ -^^^^...M^..^-^^^..-.^^ /' 7 7 7 fet; <2> &7 m ?>// JV^ .>i^^2^ {^yC^ ^^ y^7^z.-^i^'-'C^?^^t^^--i.''- ^'^^ ^. ^'7 ho J ^-!5»^ l2- <:^,-^^ -7t.-t^ t^^~a^. <^-?-z-^^ ■^^A^ (Pi ■^^.' r?^) r ^ /^T^-n^^^tA^^C. 6^/ -^4 Vio 7 ^/^ oy v .d^^^ -7 ^U3/^ «^^^^ 7^ 7 7 . ^, f./ S^-e.cA^^y^ J^^ f :^.;2.-^7,^ ^-ai!yf- C7-y- ^?z s.^?:^^^^.^ t^^/> 'T^^^^-^'^'^' 4^ ^^ 7^ / o c X / / 2 f^7Jr / 3 df /^ ^ i^£> / O ^. 1 JIQL ^^^-/^ J '/^^ i-'.r 7- ■}-cf (, 0^ V y^liP (!^ / C>f'/'-<-^ f^£'r!<^-' ^ K^ ^ ^' J 'i^r't? S y/'] U. >> ^y.^-^ ^,-? / r^r? y ? yp Lf y n> 'f.'i ■p i7'-f^-i.7!'i- C^ ^^<7 t/ f% y(^j A /■pK.;^ iT^C^- /^f r^-^ 1 U ?> ■y; r^ // ,^W-i.-<^<'>. 'f-1 // '77L^^-^c.^'^''i^ vd Z^- / vl^/U/^ f^a^. f/v '^0 /// ^.j^ ^ ^^7 /f-TA^ (y(^ (■>ji.< 'M C'^s oq n yj.J.->, ^/?i^. /^ / y-^ '7/ 2^-7/ n f^t'rn,^,^^^-'^^^. ^T h / ff ■■■/ -^^^^y/fciJ^. //^ /^ /^7 i.r / u IS f C^//y tt ^f /./i'^ /? .f 'f y-./^-wla, ■yyi.^'^zy ^ 7^ ' ' P ff' ^L ^^/ fi, ' P J~^,^^-^'h^^ .^'^ 7i^ n S,^f-li y/";>7^y^ ./ ,r-^ ~r4 ^ // '^TZu.LX^J' )' .^. 7*/ ^r Ulr 0'^ f^ U // i^^.^j'J/Si^ 'p'? 'y^ 7 1 ar 11 ^0 / 1> PTui^u/ e 'mu/t^ / / ;> ^,r >i/n f^r /^7 ^/ /'? i^^^y,Jk^''-&7/^. -^v nS X^ rr r/ s-j /I 'Ih; A/fi--?i4jot.ft^^ Z-?/^ f — / (p / Cf / 0^ .rs A-i' ■P/3 /3^,^^ttJ '^/^ / a / ^^2 /f ^V'^^ /^ I aji lo / M7 h -^ 1 t^q "ZL —^ f Y^ yf 7^{2f^k^ CaJ^/r jT/r Ca^AOu/ 3o/atJces J^o. 2yf.po.s//s C^ec/f6 BaJarrces ^,;^f // (.^fA)-S{i XZL ^H^A ^^ ^ ./ yy u. i^J'/'Z-fJ M^r^ /J J^a H^ ^■^^ £^ jtA J'o ^ ^2^ C^^i/.j>^ ^ 6^ijS (T^ ^^J'u zi_ ^2 ■J ^121. y^a ^ J~a ^^y^JJ J22- k3 aa.f a ^/¥ a-J J^ bf^ vTV/^ '-7- , £J- ^JI/L "Ai gsi ; ? //i^ J^^ 4^ ■O-^ £Ll. J^^ .g s£^Ju ^c/^/ :Z')2-^ ^>^ 4ALL 2(,ln -2/ ■^ f 'cr^7 jr2> /£££ jiJ-J^,jn? / ^ :t 2^ // ,£Z^ lA. (/^^ ^: ^^r^.? i-?*-/^^ -z^t _Zi Vy/ zZ. t^/^ u:.. / /_^/j;; A£^^ ^ Qt/ a:L l/> a. /y 1 cy ^^ JJ' J.IA i^ /^C />/>/? ^^ ^fJtJL CSgl. ^-//s /^rfof LTi? ^^ z^ /J f^ ■J'A J a -42^^ -^^ J^£JJ_Ja^ l^^tJ-. j;l$jJ.%j:. ^/f <7 J'S'a ^r^o ^/^^ ^ i£z Ajl Jg/Z'tf ^ sJULlA. //^7 ;^ ■^ :^/^/^ ^ ^// /j.^y^j- &L x/ ^ a a ^ ^ ^<^ //// ^ /^^ IZIjLtJL ^ -^ //7/A^. ^ j^Z^ AiAJLiLs. ^J_J_^'^a 'S;a, im_ ^^cJ'J / ^ o ¥ % /f,7, ^ ^J-f/ 'J-^ ^^ i> 3 %■ ^^f Ll ^^^t fj (2^ .j-fo^J^ ^^^M. d/^^ / O oo ^aJ J^ 1a JiJ-J I M- ^fi>^ ^ JicfJ i pi: jjjj'/j ¥^^/2^ U-o J^J^n L ^ (ii^ J6JILE.Aj^ JPj-ni fJ -^^^ M- oT^^/^ 2A Uaj¥3 ^ A^l/ f £^ 1^£^4J.^J^ J^o, ^^/f 1^ 1j£^M^ ^dn^^ 82 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK 7?eAortj o/ Progress. :^ — :^ / f<) ^ f NOTES RECEIVABLE Date Kecorded ""WHerTamriTow Disposed of (H ^2r^32l^^^^,^:2zZ J^-^ AAlh S^ ^/2 M^e,a.A,'/tL. ^ ^ M^my-^/^,^c^ ^/J? / V (,A SaMy aA.t;^jJ ^/J ,. .. : Lj>b1 J^{? D /^ ^f^^lrJa aJ~/3a^£y ^ ±j?ny_ . H i ^ ^ ^ ^11. ^7^ ^^' JljLa L^ U^ J'c'/p kAL yf .y^^^) ^-^ - ^: L?)v ' ^ f ^ ^.J^a^j!AJ-Q;:/?7/^^J ^ ity /.O Sa lA (il /O \ '^^z.6^^a^^u^ ^ a £(y /M-£aAA 9 //. ^7/^^^^J^ Oj^ f V? d^'. f Sa AA (m a^ ^^^^J-^^ yy /? ^ J 2'^^ i ^ iA. o_ a. ¥^y -f £1 LA &- /y Mk <^ J^^Ji^ryr..,t^J / O^ S2S. U ^y^^a-^Uy ^r. 2-yynJ ,n.r ^^l, A^ /^/1-ft^) ^^ lL ^ ^my ^rij- (,^ ^/^_ ® ^ ll^yn. -^ XZ^l La_ ^-£L // f/rny' ^sjs: lA. v^ ^lA y Ti^iiyU^ */^^^^x^ .2^^ ±J1jLla CB- gy , ^-^^ ^. ^ ^rt^ U d^ ^ Uz. 0P^ 7X>:i/ T^i^^i^tL^c^y pLjL. '^ <^o LA. ^f2d(h,^(^.et/(faYe) NOTES PAYABLE Dale Recoidod TO WHOM PA'S' ABLE Wlien and Ilow Disijospd of / 2-^ eC: / 00 ^ X PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 83 • — S^2^ -Q^^ ^^^^^z'^-^<^2^^'-^<^-.A^^^--Q^^ic^^ (&^t^z-. \/^r^ ^o ^^^2^ / bJ^/, 7y 7^ 'f^, ^ 'S^ /o. ¥ / o vjr^^-;.z.,^v^ <Q y^ ^j^ ^rj^ 2.^ ^f^^J~B ^y B / / ZdT .1 /:lfj/ // -«^^^ .^J^^^cz.^.:^^^^^E-c.^t.^^^^ ^^/(^ :^ ay f ^ ^ 2v JL X 7 ^/ f^f 4^^y Vt^- I'^^/^JVJ ^J' /^ t? ¥- If PROGRESSlVIi: BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 85 -^^^1:^ ^^-^e^:.^V-e/^^-<^ / ^ <^ ^a^^c^ (5) // /JS'o C^ ^ ^a^ ^li>-^ ^ ^ f ^ ^ jT.:? XSy ■(9 '^ ^Se.^ ^ ^ ^ ^^- S1^^.g^9'rL.u^^.^'^Cc!..^-A^ (l^.a.,^-^ t/^A -2 q?*/^ ^^^/ /^^ ^^ '^^^^^^^l^L^^ --^^^}^..,^^:x>tM 3^-0.,'^^)^ 'h^o^tiJ .^oT^/^? / 0~ '^. 79i^-d.^<^.^-i^. ^ 1^ 3S Cm 86 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK .^S^^ 60 ■J.f ^^^tZ^n^Sit^ ca 4^ m ic / J-^^ /J 1^0 / a /? ^S i E'^Tt^i ^ >^^--e^.,^^'it-^?t...'tL..^ k' (^ O 0\. ?" '/■^ 12. '.lA. ^ jQ 7 sz \^o c 1^ ^ Ofn Z^ '^32-^^ / // 9^ .? Mo IJlo f^ ^^ Qj^i^ 2 /^ (P Lf. 7 7^ r^ 74 7,0^ /f 7 PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 87 ^n/k^(3, ^^^^^/fy 6^-. i7^c^ e/ ^V 00 ^J).J 2^ J / r (t} (3 dA m \i. -a^. .r.c^ 7^X.^ : au^:^a^/ "kt,^C^-^c CL^. ^f^-^»z-£^-,e^' C--Ly \k9T^ / ^ Z£ ■/J- ^^^^^^ ^d:^^^ X ^^ /"^ (^ ^ J^tZ}iA,euJ-:j^/2^ u,i. uh ■^J ^ ( '^ >^nZeA.e^cJ^>.,.-n^~!C 'jc^ -.yvUt/c /J ^ ^ (^S f^S jTo t^J^ ■f p /P c? ^ ^Z^ f^7\rc7 ffS- i6j: 7/ A^iAiH zZ £22. PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 89 ■^.J^J^^T^ ^a.:t^-^^.,,.^.<:-c^^^J^ O (7J> & 17> 7 c-J- ^^ S-o 1. J. ^2 .? v/V/ vttt^€£^"-t L^A^^^^ 3- -r ,^?^i:^ ^l^i^*-; t6^^/-A:<^ - (?P S3^yyz^''£.-^'-@U^'i2yL-- /v .^^-<-^ i-T-vi^ -><2^ . <_ -^^ ii^ .^-ir-/-tjf^i^t^'ni^'~ &u^ y / .i^Zz ^^ .^ /yv ^-i-^ ZJ 7 7-41 //(J- t-l-i .^'-tT^ ^rje^ '. 't^^-£^ -cnrL, (^ "^ (i^^^d^'^')^ %:z^.^ nj£ JlA ^i?-xt^ vA^tz^f^ny r's -^i<-ci^«*^ <^'>^ .i^..<-C,£-.i-«£-J <2-'^ 1^ / '■ ^M '^^■flz:(cA.Aa^J^^.t^>^ ^/ -W t7) "TTt-tfCce^ ^Wf'?)'Uy>'\A.J..^U.^..A^, '^--!^£!^i<.^g>Ce^-yz^-^i( &r^t^rL^. J (/•J'O^ \o o z ^ O ^3 (} 2.0 /J /^f//^fj- / /71/S- (Statement Continued tu Bottom Page 93) Z;?^ LO_ ^~-Q::£-£^ ^=:.^^i^<:<^^ ^^^.jZ^^^^e,-^;^^,^.,^^ -^ Zi ^^f ^: ' <0 / ^ ^. 7 o o> a 00 ^ oJ- o/ 2 Lni UjL iJ ^ j2o ;> 3. o^ 0'?J'o,i n ^ 0^. oJ_ Jj. Ojr:lJ2 /^ oJ^l J :l /J 1^ /3 3 //^^>/^ ^: / t/f^t/ fv/" (Statement Continued from Bottom Page 92) / rj o / ^ 3 o cC3 ^ J ^J-jr^/ % / (? a £1 1£- / o oS //y/^ U- CasA /// Ca^h Out Ba/ances Jlro. De^oiits Checks Va lances. /^ //?./• Z. ^X /.fnS m_ I^ 1^ ~^ J^^'fo // 2 Xo ^l/'^'^ J^^a a / /'^.> i-a ^^ ■r?. yj~0 ^^ -2^J-^ ^^7 f :fa ■y^o t/n.ra ^^ y^a a o ^,?f >?^ Z/^ - Sy^o -^ ^ ^^ C^ /;^ ^ a ?- «f ^nJ'a JL^ (^yjj ^^ '/jj-^ ^^ ^u£^ i^^ ./'u^'/ IZ fjJjL^- ^ IJ_ // V iz. r>^> flUvf /^O / ^/v ^/ i^^ ^2Uy^ J^ ^_ ^^<^ ^^.. r^ r^Uij' jJZ^ 'i^. U.. (t^ 7/^ 9:^ V4/'^f^ vT^ 42^ ^/.. 7^ -^;z^ ^ ^/^ ZX. d'f^ f li.. I£^ 7.^z^^->*^ /^^ <=P^ -ZM? ^/ v/ ^ \f /vY> 7 ;, rf ^(^ _/_L£A. y)i yj"^ ¥ ■ ja y ^^-^3 ^ / fj ilA. ^ ;? <'^ ^i .il^ -P-^ 3^ J> ^2^. -^2-^^ A. ^^ y 2^f-f3 ^ ^G^ nlj^ni. ja_ .^^x^ .^ .i:^ 7;^?/ :lL. (^ pjUIf 3L ^O^^r? 9^7 / i-/ i^^ £A£2.i_^ ^ ^ tf ^. /// ^ ;i^ y y.rf ±L. JJl^tA .I1A7-L iA. ./ /f^^ 5^ ^:^ ///'^ / SJ-Ul 1± ±/ /fff / J^^ J^JlJ^.. ^ //^^ 'i ^ /^iJn J_Lll^. /ff^/ 31. / / 1 Oj£ ^y/ ij... ^^ // ^ 1X:_ ^f/ ^. m) JJ- /rfU3:L ;?// ^, (^ '3fae> ^^U 3jL :t//, aJ ^J~'o ^o / ^ 3JU J^ // iJ... OiJ'^^ AfoiJ, ^ /y . ^^-^ ^^ S^ / 1^:. ■^^^^ ^^/ M iS_ ■2^/ J c/7> ^^ir-f ■)^f / aJ (T^ ;?// ^ / a ^a J-L 't LA. J-L u .LL j(Z^ ^^ ^^ .xz // x^ ^^ ^^ -Z ^/ 2^ S.-i?-i.' / a ¥-d^ /¥/¥-.6 - 1J£AlA. U C72> /^4^// 7.±ALA LL. 6^ JMAlALL. / // ^ :>-/ 3X. IJJL ^ AA. /^ aj'^ ^-^ rf^ C^V- ^ /J /^C- 33U 12^ / J'/r^. ^a^>,^/\(2^^tjU ;L d^f^^ ^^ ^Qv jt'^^-^^Tz^Az,^ :>^^^?^^c.^^ ^^) IM --QL^^ji-^i-^L..L^6^iikS.a^-^ ^v.^ 'i^'^^i-eV ^.iii^. «^;^^>^^*^i^^^ .^^ '^^ ty y^ c/// y^' / o <:> o ^ ^ ^ ^/ 2 ' ^ o ^ o ^yii ^/ ^c/ //■^ vj* ''7 ^7 k!?^ .f ^ Z/'^/ ///?/ 7 -^ ^^^ ///< Z^' ^> /cjT^^ ^J-?^" / /!?& / O O J 6J a a ^.7^/ ///f/ /^/j/J' 7/ ^^ /^ PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 97 -.2.^^ ^ Cash Ljl ^^ akV) 0/ /7V tJ^ '■r-'^j' ^1^, // 7 -^r ^'.JT^-4' V^ f/ r. >/^p /:?V X o o 3 2- 5^ ^i/' / Z/^ ^<;' 7^^ 9 /o 9 7 •/ t e i ^^i^/. i^f 7^ / / /? cf a ■ J 3 i 1. J"/f 2fd 98 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK -^(>/^^ 1^ Cash Dr. ^^ ^^t^.t.<^ -t^^V ^.^<-^^«lZ- TV 30 '•^€Z../^.a^'^,^ i 7 TT / J- s- s- 7" '/ 3 4 iiyo .^/;' f^ /^ >/^7-^ 7 f V 7 i^2^. I4^eifer C'^dJ/'/or shorfo^e /n Sh///. C20 /¥ /¥- AJ /..£.Scott Crey,/- for sA/p't: CZg Pe hi//ed Ser^Jj&ou^erS Cre.^,Y for jA>'/ /Pebt'//ed 'Red) //f; >« ■^ ■/- /J-J^/ t/J'J- f? / / C> ^9 3 s t o fa n 1/ \r/j 7(, .1 7 ■'^7 cl^/ / . 1 » 7 ^1/ i/tf- }^ /^ // If? / .f 7^ TV ^^.g W^< i'y*!; LtllLL 7^at^e 7<^e 7^i'. ^ ^-7/ 12. /2. /3. /v. /S. PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING; ''M' ^-'<^'*^^£^.■^^:a^l^S^^i:^-^^^.i^ Page /, (^ ^^^ (LeyOii^^e^ C*^ f- 'i^st-.^ei-^r-^^-^ ^' ^<^ J^--^ ^-^ t^^z-.^-a^fT-e^ a (:g^^^^,^^::«=i^ VKi'i / (P ^ ^ / r/l:? a ^' //^ / 1//(^ J-^i ^^ ^lLl y2^?^e:^ U- 0/1 ? '^Z^^t^M-^a. -^-rZ^^^ /^ ^ / ^ j^^ra .jLi. a <7 ^ ^jl vA -^ -^/ (5^ (*^) (g (-^^^^■i^;'-**.-'*t^ <-i^cZ^-e^:-<^-^^^ cB> iil^SsEZJr^ ''-'^ v,,^?T-«'-«<^cA«-t-£^ / ■^^>Z'0f-i..'7rj:£i)-A^ S-<»i- i^^i-^ - - ^t-^Z^ / /'^^ ./ //-/ /,£2/. // ^•^ -^^ / -7 7 ^ ^ ^/•> ■y f i/^ 6 AJ Y9n '/I J* .d^^ / jj .T/i /? / V y~I? ^ .i a J 'P7z^.tL<:U^ /^ /'/ 6^ / z. (£3 (te $2: ^. ^feSittS:^^^^:^ ^7%ei.^ ii-^L^r^u^^f , \^-^T^'t''rv. '^iz^^ :uj6. £Z^ ^-j^K- o^?' ;:^i££^^2^i^^f^ (fE^^i^2^^f^^l_ ~^':^^ (^'2/-^.(^c^/^Y/ /.1 2^ J L^ ^ j^:^ cT-^ ^^lr> i^ T^oqv G ^^J ) if- J /.^ (} ^^/7 /v;y ^^ /^ ^Li^ /"^^ 104 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK Tht.^-c^''(ii^ 1 / )5 " ^l^Z-< eif-^t^^ "M /^^^^tc^i^Tc^-ef a.'v^ '-^^ '^ a-^^\^:^.^iy ^^^/ ^-r? rZ^<:?^ .^ ^^/.^^.. -a.^..^' ( .s-y- 12> -¥ ^ i^ ,# tfi t>-j _c \ <^^ -^^Z^t^c^ ^^i^i^'^^yf^'i^^.^-^Z:^ 7 ^'^ 7 '^7 .i"^^ v^ ^ J. / ^^^.*^^;^;^1L^' 7 // c/ ^4 /"^ ^i- <- ^Z-i-« ^-zi-iZ: '^ «z-<^ /f/ 4^ / ^ fj ^ f' ^ ^ (^ ^^ -t;^^' V^ A> // :»t- F, ^0? ^/^^Z V:^^ /Ur^ / 7 / ^ ^f / ■'aq JLS' ^o ^ 7f iL-Z^ PROGRICSSIVR BUSINKSS ACCOUNTING 107 ^~jq£^^^-^ ^-^ ^Pv^£^-^i.<^.,^^J^-^^jt:t^. -K^f^^J'^./^.-^^e^.-^^. 7>aqe /3. fl ^ & (1^ (g^ 7/t! /Ja '^^/O ^C //I 4?^ ^r/ j^^/j \ ^>r/t Yi yio^r/^ ^■c^^'^/S^^-t^ ?*.-4^/X?^r^-:^i:-/t-t..-^.t-^il^^ 7^' »^/-/ V/^r/y- ^^ 7^ 1/ /.^ .2f v^ ^7 7^ f ■J-'/ ¥-0 7 ^!^t:^^H^>- Ma y^i^-c^^i__^^ i^^^J -^\a-^- ^7 /I / / (z: 7 ^ '-i^f-Cii^^ 'f jT- 1/ 4^ f^ / / / (><^ 2,^-7-2^ /~t 2.<.-Z^, (^ro - ^'■ .\^ (SJ, (I^ =^^^ <5^ yo ^^- .ju^T^L c^ y^^.-tz-i^ J'^ J'A- 1// 7^ 108 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK ^ o£^.^-^. C50 Trial Balance and Lists / ^ Q£Z^'C^--(L^^^^^^^k--i;:^^^'f^ 7 7 7 'f /J ^ ^ ^ \f^0 - i^^^^^jgc^^^^:^^^^^;^:^^^^^^^! f^^ fsf 7Jf^/31 I f7 ^ /; 7 7 ^4>J^^ ^ '^^y^ e) lA n 3 ^3 :Z^'^^ ^/ '^ /iV^/ Oa/iA^^ a:L. / 2 ^o^a •^ ^ a <3 J. i ^ /.?2'J-2 /^^ o o /, ^/ / '//JJ-J} ^ :?V 110 METHOD AND RESULT BOOK o/.^ -^ C9I Financial Statement ~^^^-L^..,^..-^ ^, /^^ yS^L<:.tz^ /3- O (£7 ^V /77 7f-^^ />/r^ ^J 4^^ /^ / 7^ c^^./^AJ* ^ /.C^y ;? ^^.^^^ /a iAo ^^\p a o c^ 7 //■ ^2 £/ /«A/ J~ PROGRESSIVE BUSINESS ACCOUNTING 111 J'/e/y/jecC T^i^e^^o rfes /rr Jet,'> Ji^ B,\ C Index to Sets A B c Cash Book .... 74-75 86-87 96-99 Daily Balances 72 81 94 Inventories .... 77 and 111 111 111 Journal . - - - - 72 83-84 95 Ledger General - - - . 78-79 88-90 101-103 Purchase - 79 89 106 ■ " Sales .... 79-80 91 107 Stock .... 104 Installment 105 Notes Rec. and Pay. - 82 Purchase Book - . . . 77 84 100 Reports of Progress 73 82 Sales Book .... 76 85 100 Statements .... Text Page 59 92-93 110 Trial Balances .... 80 92-93 108-109-110 54PJ43 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY