GIFT OF Dean Frank H Probert MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD McGraw-Hill BookGompany Electrical World Th?Engtr^rirandMining Journal Engineering Record Engineering News Railway Age Gazette American Machinist Signal Engineer American Engineer Electric Railway Journal Coal Age Metallurgical and Chemical Engineering Power MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD A COMPILATION OF COST AND OTHER IMPORTANT DATA ON THE WORLD'S PRINCIPAL MINES BY EDMOND NORTON SKINNER, PH. B., E. M. AND H. ROBINSON PLATE, MINING ENGINEER FIRST EDITION McGRAW-HILL BOOK COMPANY, INC. 239 WEST 39TH STREET, NEW YORK 6 BOUVERIE STREET, LONDON, E. C. 1915 COPYRIGHT, 1915, BY E. N. SKINNER AND H. ROBINSON PLATE OF MMIflG OEPI. 7/l^nxV THE. MAPLE PRESS* YORK. PA PREFACE The writers have long believed that there is need for a book of this char- acter, embodying in condensed form costs and other important operating data on the metal mines of the world. This book, which covers about three hundred and twenty-five metal mines, is not a text but a compilation of results actually obtained at the various properties shown therein. It should be of material assistance to the engineer, manager, superintendent, operator and student. We realize that nearly every mining man has his own notebook, but rarely are these data complete and conveniently arranged in pocket book form. The examining engineer and operator frequently find it difficult to obtain reliable data in camps they are visiting. This book gives the desired information, embody- ing as it does most of the principal camps of the world. It is evident that no just comparison can be drawn between any two mines, as no two are operated under identical conditions. In a great major- ity of cases we have given operating results for several years. There is a constant aim to increase production with decreasing costs, but as this is not a rapid nor radical movement figures from year to year undergo very slight changes. It is our intention, however, from time to time to augment the book, adding new mines to the list, later data and more complete information. The figures are taken mainly from the companies' annual reports and financial statements and from our personal notebooks. Some of these annual reports are not as clear nor as complete as they might be; conse- quently, in these cases our data are brief. Also, there are a few mining com- panies which do not make public their operations or costs. In a number of instances we have had to calculate costs from financial statements. The data given have been incomplete and consequently exact accuracy is not claimed. Some companies do not segregate the figures that permit of calculating their cost. In such cases we have had to lump the costs into a total. As the companies in general do not publish their annual reports until the second or third quarter of the following year, it is difficult in compiling a book of this character, covering such an extensive field, to bring all properties down to a point to include the last annual report. In the case of the United States mines we have embodied under their respective headings in a great majority of the properties complete operating data for 1913. In the mines of Africa, Asia, Australia and New Zealand this has been impossible. In these sections we have added a table giving a few of the most important operating results of the various mines, thus bringing them down to date. M127163 vi PREFACE Accompanying the cost data on the respective properties, the writers have added a few remarks giving brief descriptions of the mines, the methods of mining and reduction employed, and general operating conditions. Owing to the limited space available, these remarks must of necessity be brief. Because of the impracticability of breaking the tabulated data throughout the book, and in order to do away with the great number of blank pages occurring which would make it impossible to keep the volume within pocket book size, it has been found advisable in many cases to put the remarks in the appendix rather than in the book proper. The writers wish to express their appreciation to Mr. William B. Thomp- son for the assistance he has rendered in the publication of this work. Also to Mr. A. Chester Beatty, who through his London Office has obtained nu- merous reports and other data on the foreign properties. Our sincere thanks are extended to the many companies for the willingness with which they have sent reports and for other courtesies shown. To the mining men who have contributed data and valuable suggestions we are deeply indebted and particularly to the following for their special help in their respective departments : United Stales: Mexico : Hugh Rose, Herbert C. General Data: Walter H. Aldridge, Enos, Robert Mulford. O. B. Perry, Cortlandt E. Palmer, South America: Pope Yeatman, M. J. Parke Channing, Benjamin B. W. Atwater. Thayer, Andrew Walz, James L. Africa: James McDougall, William Bruce, Heath Steele. W. Mein, Thomas H. Leggett. Michigan Mines: R. L. Agassiz, John Australia: H. C. Hoover, C. S. R. Stanton. Herzig. Dominion of Canada: Robert H. Asia: Walter Harvey Weed and Stewart, R. B. Watson, Samuel "The Copper Handbook" for loan Cohen. of reports on the Japanese Mines. Central America: Charles Butters, Europe and General Foreign Data: Henry F. Lefevre, Geo. L. Carlisle, Lucius Mayer, Harold A. Titcomb, Jr. E. L. Gruver, E. Schoenwald. In addition to the above the writers wish to thank the numerous engineers who have contributed data on particular mines, mention of whom is made under the respective properties. E. N. SKINNER. H. R. PLATE. NEW YORK, January, 1915. CONTENTS PAGE LIST OF MAPS viii NORTH AMERICA 1 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA 3 DOMINION OF CANADA 153 MEXICO 182 CENTRAL AMERICA 209 SOUTH AMERICA 217 AFRICA 227 ASIA 293 AUSTRALIA 306 NEW ZEALAND , . . 331 EUROPE 339 INDEX . 401 Vll LIST OF MAPS BETWEEN PAGES THE WORLD 2-3 CANADA ALASKA 4-5 UNITED STATES . . . . . .. . . . 12-13 MEXICO 182-183 CENTRAL AMERICA 208-209 SOUTH AMERICA 218-219 AFRICA 228-229 ASIA . .....'.. 292-293 AUSTRALIA . 305-306 Vin NORTH AMERICA UNITED STATES OF AMERICA U. S. CURRENCY. TON = 2000 LBS. ALASKA ALASKA GOLD MINES CO. (The Alaska Gastineau Mining Co.) PERSEVERANCE MINE, JUNEAU, ALASKA, U. S. A. This property is now held by the Alaska Gold Mines Co. and is being developed to produce a very large tonnage. Extensive preparations such as the construction of the first milling unit of 6000 tons per day, the con- struction of a large dam for a 5600-kw. hydro-electric plant and the driving of a 10,000-ft. haulage adit are now under way or completed. During 1912 the mine produced and milled the following tonnage. The figures will be of interest as a guide to what might be expected of the prop- erty when thoroughly equipped and operating upon a large tonnage. COSTS PER TON Stoping (105,658 tonsil $ . 1876 Tramming (74,930 tons^ 1868 Milling (74,930 tons) 2250 Concent, treatment, shipment, smelting, etc 1260 General expense 0417 Development; prep, of stopes 0180 Total | .7851 Ave. value of mill heads $1 .97 Ave. value of mill tails 35 Remarks. Mine.- The ore occurs as a mineralized zone of slate which is seamed with quartz stringers and lenses. The stoping width varies from 70 ft. to 120 ft. The mine is entered by adit levels and the zone will be mined by a modified caving system and shrinkage stope method. The ore zone is exposed for a length of over 3000 ft. with backs of from 900 ft. to 1800 ft. above the present working level. The lower haulage level gains a further depth of about 650 ft. Mill. The new milling plant will be located at tide water. The flow sheet has not been definitely decided upon but the following scheme will 3 COSTS OF THE WORLD probably be adopted: Coarse crushing with gyratory crushers, all through Garfield rolls and the entire product to roughing tables; the concentrates to Wilfley tables and this concentrate product to storage. The roughing table tails and Wilfley tails to a series of five spigot classifiers. The first two spigot product to Hardinge pebble mills and the next three spigot product to roughing tables, the tails to the tail race and the concentrates to Wilfley tables; this table's concentrates go to bins and the tails to the tail race. The Hardinge mill product goes to roughing tables and Wilfleys the same as above. The final treatment of the concentrates has not been decided. The mineral content is pyrrhotite, sphalerite and galena. The pyrrhotite is rather lean of gold values, the main values occurring in the other two minerals. The results shown on "costs per ton" were obtained on less than 500 tons per day and in old mill inadequately equipped. While an initial mill of 6000 tons daily capacity is being erected, the management states in view of the large tonnage indicated by the present developments that a much larger mill capacity will be provided and that probably the plant will be increased to 20,000 tons per day. Estimated Earnings.' The engineers estimate that the following results will be obtained on a basis of 6000 tons per day. Recovery per ton at least $1 . 50 Total costs mining, milling, etc .75 Profit per ton $0.75 Earnings per annum 6000 ton plant $1,500,000 The date for the beginning of active mining and milling operations is set for Dec. 31, 1914, and barring delays a portion of the new mill should be operating prior to that date. 170 B 160 150C 140 EO* 130 120 C 110 C Longitude 100 West 1. Dawson 2. Kennicott 5. Hidden Creek 6. British Columbi from 90 Greenwich E 3. Latouche 4. Juneau Jection 7. Cobalt 8. Porcupine ALASKA ALASKA JUNEAU GOLD MINING CO. JUNEAU, ALASKA, U. S. A. The property of the Alaska Juneau 'Gold Mining Co. is situated on the mainland near Juneau and east of Gastineau Channel. This mine is the first of the big properties on this belt to be equipped and the first unit of the com- pany's mill was placed in commission early in 1914. A very interesting account of the Alaska-Juneau property appeared in the Mining and Scientific Press of December 6, 1913, entitled "Plans of the Alaska-Juneau Gold Mining Co.," by F. W. Bradley. In this article there is given a comparison between the estimated costs at Alaska-Juneau and the average of the large mines on Douglas Island. By permission of that paper we give below this comparison, together with a brief description of the property and operating conditions taken from the information given in the article. Comparison between the ascertained average costs per ton in the four Douglas Island mines and estimated cost at the Alaska-Juneau, when the latter is working on the same scale as the Douglas Island mines combined is given below: Alaska-Juneau Douglas Island Mines Mining : Development;, sloping and general Underground and surface tram., hoisting and pumping. $.24 .16 $.72 .23 . Total mining Milling : Labor $.40 .06 $.95 .09 Supplies .04 .04 Power .05 .04 Miscellaneous and general .05 .08 Total milling $ 20 $ 25 Concentrate treatment 07 08 Plant construction and other costs 13 12 Grand total $.80 $1.40 Description of Property and Operating Conditions. The Alaska-Juneau is developed by cross-cut tunnel 6538 ft. in length. At this point, a raise 800 ft. long will connect with surface on hanging-wall side of vein. If driven in the vein to apex it would be 2000 ft. long. The portal of the tunnel is about 2 miles back of town of Juneau at elevation of 420 ft. above sea-level. 6 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD The Vein. The vein where cut by the main adit has a normal thickness of about 500 ft. with an average assay value of about $2 per ton. The vein at this point should yield $1.70 per ton. It is expected that an average recov- ery of $1.45 per ton will be obtained from the entire vein when mining under- ground 6000 tons per day. This can be done at a total cost of not to exceed 80 cents per ton which cost will be somewhat reduced when eventually min- ing 12,000 tons per day. Mining. The mining will be a combination of the Douglas Island methods and the caving system developed in the adjoining Perseverance mine (Alaska Gold Mines Co.). It is expected that 100 tons of broken ore per machine drill shift will be secured as against an average of 34 tons in the Douglas Island mines. The Juneau vein is slate with loose or free quartz stringers and some metagabbro dikes, between a greenstone foot-wall and a schist hanging-wall, while the Douglas Island vein is a solid hard tough dike of diorite with frozen quartz stringers. Juneau ore is much easier to drill; also, it will slack in stopes, while Douglas Island ore requires considerable bulldozing. Haulage System. A trolley haulage system to be installed in present cross- cut and thence over tramway to mill site will handle 6000 tons daily. A sea- level adit is now being driven in order to handle a total of 12,000 tons a day. This tunnel will be 9500 ft. long to the vein at a point 400 ft. vertically below present cross-cut. Milling. Mill will be in four units of 150 stamps each. Capacity of each unit 3000 tons per day. The mill-feed can be enriched by sorting and roughing out the waste. It is expected that 20 per cent, of the waste will be trommelled off in the rock-crushing house. This is due to the quartz (the principal values being carried in it) which occurs as loose or free stringers being more friable than the slate and breaking into smaller pieces. In speaking of the values, Mr. Bradley says: "The principal value in the ore is due to free gold, there being less than 2 per cent, of sulphides, which have an assay value of less than $30 per ton. This is practically all gold, but includes some silver, lead, and copper value. Consequently the concentrates will not be so easy to treat as are the straight iron pyrite concentrates of the Douglas Island mines." Battery water and water for some power will be taken from Gold Creek. An auxiliary steam plant will also be provided. Eventually hydro-electric power will be obtained from Nugget Creek 15 miles, and possibly from the Speel River. No figures are given on ore reserves, but in this connection Mr. Bradley states that it is expected that operations on this mine will be continued for a hundred years or more. ALASKA ALASKA TREADWELL GOLD MINING CO. DOUGLAS ISLAND, ALASKA, U. S. A. Year Now Ends Dec. 31 1912 May 16, 1910, to Dec. 31, 1911 May 16, 1909 to May 16, 1910, Metal production $2,183,150.81 $3,258,432.12 $2,076,903.00 3,399,478.85 2,171,504.17 1,250,598.70 1,937,349.82 1,190,208.84 $ 932,552.11 $1,462,129.03 $ 981,295.33 892,192 1,349,264 744,226 $2.447 $2.4157 $2.7939 1.292 1 . 3938 1.6177 Val. per ton sulph Gr. val. per ton 1.155 2.621 1.0219 2.5873 1.1762 2.9549 1.045 1.0837 1.3185 Costs per ton milled: Mining and dev Milling Sulph. ex. $ .852 .204 .076 $1.0004 .1997 .0999 $1.1766 .1799 . 1219 .0589 .05,67 S F office .0122 .0109 .0014 .0019 .0002 .0003 Taxes .0133 .0035 Bullion charges .039 .0123 .0139 231 0375 .0316 Total Dev. for year Total dev $1.402 10,753 ft. $1.4358 15,533 ft. 122,563 $1 . 59901 13,011 ft. Ore reserves 6,977,958 tons. General expense is charged into and absorbed by Mining and Development, Milling, etc. The plant is run mainly by water power, the remaining time by steam. Running time Steam Water T. era. per Ib. of chrome steel shoes T. era. per Ib. of iron dies 240 stps 569 5 days 239 330 5 2.85 4.53 300 atps. 438 days 43 395 2.55 4.40 1 A charge of $0.0018 per ton for consulting engineer does not show in items. See also Appendix, pages 347 and 398. MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD ALASKA MEXICAN GOLD MINE CO. DOUGLAS ISLAND, ALASKA, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 Gross production . ... $671,473.10 $677,407 85 $781 210 28 Total expenses 413,075 56 419,526 95 500 456 55 Total profit $258,397.54 $257,880.90 $380,753 73 Tons ore milled 233 289 236 383 222 698 Value per ton recovered $2 878 $2 9679 $3 4849 Value per ton free gold $1 314 $1 4246 $1 7760 Value per ton sulpht. . . . $1 564 $1 5433 $1 7089 Gross val. per ton $3 078 $3 2638 $3 6109 Profit per ton $1 107 $1 0909 $1 7097 Costs per ton milled : Mining and development $1.139 $1.2036 $1 2198 Milling 231 2697 2481 Sulpht. expenses 084 0999 1237 General expenses 1259 0895 San Francisco office 0170 0181 London office 0031 0036 Paris office 0005 0006 Taxes^ 0161 0198 Bullion expenses . 053 0123 0157 Construction and repairing 264 0244 0067 Boarding house losses. . 0011 006 1 1 Interest 0012 0466 2 Total. Development, feet $1.771 3,530 $1.7748 3,613 f 1.7083 6,646 Remarks. Mill has 120 stamps. Stamp duty tons per 24 hours 5 . 27 Per cent, sulphurets in ore ,2 . 26 The mine is located on Douglas Island adjoining the Alaska Tread well and is under the same management. The same general conditions apply to the two properties. The mine is operated through shaft to a depth of 1570 ft. Running time of mill 373 . 25 days. Run by steam power 201 . 3 days. Run by water power 171 . 9 days. In mill 1 Ib. chrome steel in shoes crushed 2.61. In mill 1 Ib. iron in dies in shoes crushed 5.71. The mill sands are used to fill stopes. Ore reserves 1,040,631 tons. 1 Con., eng. and stock expenses only. 2 Alaska United bullion account. For more recent operations see Appendix, page 398. ALASKA ALASKA UNITED MINES DOUGLAS ISLAND ALASKA, U. S- A. Year Ends Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 1909 Ready Bullion Claim: $611,603.35 $519,283 $489,693 $494,227 343 230 08 Profits 268,373 27 Tons of ore milled Value per ton recovered 216,454 $2.826 223,668 $2.32 232,330 $2.11 227,710 $2.17 1.460 1.366 2.996 Profits per ton 1.240 .61 .64 .61 Cost per ton milled : $1 009 .253 .106 .177 Bullion charges etc .041 Total $1.586 $1.71 $1.47 $1.56 700 Claim: $570,985 93 $528,623 $402 764 $459,246 360,324.89 Profits 210,661.04 Tons of ore milled Value per ton recovered Free gold 234,339 $2.437 1.198 224,968 $2.35 188,329 $2.14 190,474 $2.41 Sulphurets 1.239 2 607 Profits per ton 902 79 53 63 Cost per ton milled : Mining and development $1.024 Milling .217 080 181 Bullion charges etc 036 Total $1 . 538 $1.56 $1.61 $1.78 Remarks. The same general conditions apply here as at Alaska Treadwell. Ore reserves 1, 154,273 tons. For more recent operations see Appendix, page 398. 10 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD BEATSON COPPER CO. LA TOTTCHE ISLAND, ALASKA, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 Average Crude Ore : Per cent, copper 6.38 Silver, ounces (approximately) 1 . 00 Costs per ton : General labor $ .07 Ore-breaking 1 . 53 Tramming .15 Ore-sorting i .05 Loading steamers .09 Supplies , .33 Salaries .14 Shift boss .05 Laboratory .08 Electrical power lighting .02 Compressor plant .19 Maintenance and repairs .18 General expense .01 Office salaries .05 Marine insurance .01 Depreciation mine 1 . 06 Liability insurance / Total cost at mine $3 . 01 For freight rates and smelter charges see "Remarks" Cost per pound : Approximate, crediting silver 8ff Remarks.' Property situated on coast. One-mile tramway to water. Mine is developed entirely by tunnel, no shafts. Ore-bodies average 40 to 150 ft. wide. Ore is chalcopyrite in quartzite. Method of mining is quarry- ing, glory-hole and caving. No timber is used. At quarry ore-body 150 ft. wide. Ore is direct smelting and is shipped by boat to Tacoma smelter. Ore is excellent one to smelt, carries excess silica. Smelting rates are reasonable, from $1 to $2, depending on character of ore. Freight rates Prince Williams Sound to Tacoma $3 per ton, 1400 miles. ALASKA 11 KENNICOTT MINES CO. COPPER RIVER DISTRICT, ALASKA, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 Copper contents per ton: Ore shipped, per cent, copper. Ounces silver Costs per ton: Ore breaking Tramming Mine maintenance M ine slide Aerial tram Sacking and shipping General maintenance General expense Costs per pound: Mining Freight, incl. R.R. and steamship . Smelt, ref. and selling. Marine insurance General expenste Crediting gold and silver Total costs per pound 60.35 12 $1.22 .12 .05 .64 .44 2.03 .39 $5.85 2.03 2.08 .09 .09 5.32 .89 4.43jf Remarks. The Bonanza mine is located 198 miles by railroad from the coast. The ore occurs in fissures and in bedding planes in limestone. The mineralized area varies from 14 ft. to 120 ft. At one place there is a stope 40 ft. wide of solid chalcocite ore averaging approximately 70 per cent, copper. The property is developed by tunnel and incline, no hoisting being done. The mine is opened to a depth of 400 ft. The method of working the ore is by open quarry and square-set system; also, some caving is done. The aerial tram line from mine to railroad is 15,000 ft. in length. The ore is shipped by rail to the coast and thence by boat to the Tacoma smelter. The property has a concentrating mill, but only a very small proportion of concentrates are made. The ore is practically smelted direct. ARIZONA TOM REED GOLD MINES CO. OATMAN, MOJAVE Co., ARIZ., U. S. A. Year Ended April 1 1912 Production $802,598 71 Mill: Tons ore milled. . . . . 39,447 Average value per ton recovered Tons tailings milled Average value per ton recovered Mill extraction per cent $19.53 4,477 $7.25 94 . 85 Costs per ton : $1 85 3 27 Milling 1 46 Cyaniding 1.42 Miscellaneous 1.37 General expense . .384 $9 . 754 Note. The vein is a fissure with a filling of quartz and silicified andesite. A stoping width of from 10 ft. to 15 ft. is maintained. Worked by inclined shaft; present depth about 700 ft. Gold occurs in free state mainly. Mill is 20 stamps, tube mill regrind sliming the whole product. Cyanide treat- ment in Pachuca agitation tanks follows crushing. The mine is located about 18 miles from the railroad. The hauling of supplies is not a simple problem owing to a heavy grade over one mountain range. Electric power is purchased at from $10 to $12 per horse-power month. Water is scarce and cost of timber and supplies high. 12 P ""* GO | \ Mon-te^T 104 Longitude Q West 1. Wallace 2. Butte 3. Copper Be 6. Mason 7. Ely District 8. Tone 12. Globe 13. Clifton-Morenci 14. 17. Cripple Creek 18. Leadville 22. Lake Superior District 23. Duckto ~* SSs^ss-BSsa j&* \; ns -,ng f^&gww* * r isoa *L-,l I3***B5^ ^pr^is* F i^t:SJ^^ lUtn l>"^ --- i *y L\\jy Galveston G V L F , UNITED STATES SCALE OF MILES 4. Dredging Section 5. Mother Lode (gold) 9. Goldfield 10. Kingman 11. Ray >bee ' 15. Chino 16. San Juan District 9. Breckenridge 20. Lead 21. Joplin 24. Tintic 25. Bingham 26. Park City ARIZONA 13 YUMA GOLD MINE YUMA COUNTY, ARIZONA, U. S. A. Period One Month Production bullion : Precipitation, ounces gold 1,968 Amalgam, ounces gold 833 . 5 Precipitation product valued at $24,963 Amalgamation product valued at 12,162 1,450 667 $17,534 9,902 .73 Total value Operating expenses Operating profit .... . $37,125 17,363 $27,437 18,756 $19,762 2,458 $15.10 $8.04 $0.68 $8,681 2,166 $12.66 $4.00 ... $0 Tonnage and values : Tons treated Total value per ton recovered Operating profit per ton Cost per ton: Administration Mining : Ore breaking Hauling and mucking Hoisting, pumping, timbering, assaying, black- smith, air drills, etc. Total mining .665 .265 2.03 .86 .33 2.61 $2.96 $2.96 $ .282 .432 $3 . 80 $3 $ .33 .57 .99 .80 Milling : Crushers Rolls Tube mills .944 .568 695 Amalgamation and agitation .72 92 Filter press Precipitation 210 . . 25 Refinery .123 .087 ...... .12 .11 .02 10 Assaying Total milling $3.34 $3 34 $4.02 $4 Company buildings .07 Total costs. . . $7.064 $8 66 Remarks. The above costs are for a gold mine situated in southwestern Arizona. Mine is located 50 miles from railroad by good wagon road. Mine is developed by two shafts, depth 250 to 300 ft. Ore occurs in shoots in silicified zone in porphyry near contact of porphyry and shale. Zone is 25 to 75 ft. wide. The high-grade ore varies from 2 to 7 ft. Ore consists of quartz and silicified brecciated pieces of porphyry. The gold occurs to a large extent free. The method of treatment is amalgamation and cyanide. The wage scale and cost of supplies is about the same as Arizona camps. Hauling to railroad cost $13 per ton. Water is pumped from wells 1000 ft. deep. 14 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE BISBEE CAMP ARIZONA, U. S. A. (See Appendix, page 347) CALUMET AND ARIZONA (NEW) REPRESENTING A MERGER OP THE CALUMET & ARIZONA AND SUPERIOR & PITTSBURG, BISBEE, ARIZONA, U. S. A. Year ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 Production : Pounds copper 52 987 383 53 108 628 49 945 905 Ounces silver 880 915 594 319 453 947 Ounces gold 18 989 22 881 18 114 Gross income : Copper, silver and gold. $9,181,995 $9,131,967 $6 842 683 Expenses 4,960,528 4,547,973 4,270 441 Net earnings on production $4,221,467 $4,583,994 $2,572,242 Exploration outside properties 146,830 43,111 46,920 Net income $4,074,637 $4,540,883 $4,525,321 Smelter : Tons ore smelted 476.937 1 477,496 457,435 Pounds recovered per ton 111 111 109 Cost per ton smelted (calculated) : Expenses at mine and smelter $8.05 $7.82 $7.67 Sal. office and general expenses .14 .14 .18 1 54 1 58 1 49 69 s 08 Total $10 42 $9 54 $9 42 Value precious metal per ton refined copper. Net cost prod, copper per Ib. crediting gold and silver, as given in report $24.36 7.65ff $30.86 7.02>f $24.15 7.34f< 1 No tonnage figures are given. This figure is taken'from the detailed operating sheets of the Calumet and Arizona and Superior and Pittsburg properties. It is for total tons sampled. 2 State and Federal tax. The above represent the combined operations of the Calumet & Arizona and the Superior & Pittsburg properties. For more detailed information see cost data given under Calumet & Arizona and Superior & Pittsburg properties. ARIZONA 15. CALUMET & ARIZONA MINING CO. BISBEE, ARIZONA, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 | 1913 | 1912 1911 1910 Production : 0) 16,490,229 21,476,739 28,029,506 233,092 216,987 9,066 9,329 $323,252 $301,309 $265,364 2,897,024 $2.983,665 $4,106,396 Prof, smelt, custom ore 144,687 Total $2,424,428 $2,897,024 $2,983,665 $4,251,084 2,925,302 2 983 665 4 251 084 Expenditures $1,405,285 1,734,926 2,080,025 2,815,625 $1 019,142 $1,190,375 $893 639 $1 435 459 Mine and smelter : Dry tons mined 102,892 104 177 179,788 176,049 244,067 244 772 315,081 315 128 107.701 6 159,513 212 370 281 043 7 17,054 38 831 34 324 Pounds copper recovered dry Per cent copper recovered . . . 89.69 4 485 92.129 4 606 97.677 4 884 92.285 4 614 (2) 12 4922{i 12 9316)5 Gold and silver per ton refined copper $39 20 $28 07 $18 93 Cost per ton smelted (calculated) : Exp. mining and smelting $7.80 $7.65* $7.16 04 $6.81 21 Sales office and gen'l exp .26 .20 .1)6 .15 Frt. ref. and mkt 1.37 1.31 1.15 1.23 Total cost per ton $10 42 6 $9 16 $8 51 $8 40 Less gold and silver per ton 1.71 1.40 .79 Total $7 45 |7 n3 $7 61 Cost per pound (as given in report) : Cost per pound crediting gold and silver General : Development, feet 15 635 8.561 25 787 8.33>f 26 196 9.07jf 30 848 Tons mined per ft, developed 7 4 16 1 9 11 No. men employed mine and smelter . . . 1,347 1,038 1,161 1 Production not given. An approximate figure may be had by multiplying the tons by pounds recovered. 2 Not given. Copper for year E. & M. J. quotation was 16.3ff. Assum- ing a recovery of 85.5 Ib. Tonnage Courtland ore not given in 1911 report. * Approximate- ly 12,500 tons of Courtland ore as reported shipped in the 1912 annual report have been added. This gives an assumed average recovery of 87.2 Ib. per dry ton on all ores treated. Including $.79 Federal and State tax and $.20 interest. Tons sampled. In addition to this tonnage the Courtland' camp produced the following: Tons mined wet, 29,391; tons sampled dry, 26,935; pounds copper rec. per ton, 98.60; per cent, assay per dry ton, 5.4 per cent. 7 In addition 17,624 tons of Courtland flux ore was smelted. This gives a recovery of 83 . 9 Ibs. See also Appendix, page 348 16 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD PHELPS-DODGE & CO. Operating the Copper Queen, Detroit, Moctezuma and other properties Arizona, New Mexico and Mexico This company owns and operates the Copper Queen Mine at Bisbee, Arizona; the Detroit property at Morenci, Arizona; the Moctezuma, at Nacozari, Mexico; Burro Mountain, Leopold, N. M.; Stag Canon Fuel Co., and Phelps-Dodge Mercantile Co. The net profits of these properties are as follows: Copper Queen: 1913 Net earnings ' $6,916,900 1912 $6,977,378 Depreciation 642,958 780,612 Net profits $6,273,942 $6,273,942 $6,196,766 $6,196,766 Detroit : Net earnings $1,112,870 $1,406,170 Depreciation 149,899 146.484 Net profits $962,971 $962,971 $1,259,686 l,259,68e Moctezuma : Net earnings $2,402,447 $2,735,061 Depreciation 400,037 790,655 Net profits $2,002,410 $2,002,410 $1,944,406 Burro Mountain: Deficit $199,235 $199,235 $84,105 Stag Canon: def. Net earnings $362,564 $346,350 Depreciation 274,858 59,436 Net profits $87,706! $87,706 $286,913 P-D Mercantile Co. : Net earnings $649,518 $575,694 Depreciation 20,746 23,566 Net profits $628,772 $628,772 552,128 Total net profits Commissions and miscellaneous earnings $471,494 Less expenses, taxes, etc 173,785 $297,709 Net profit : Final net profit $10,054,275 Production, company's ores, pounds, copper. . . 147,498,580 Ounces, silver Ounces, gold Production including custom ores : Copper 155,665,712 Ounces, silver Ounces, gold Price received for copper 15.37 i After paying $179,404 losses paid account explosion. ARIZONA 17 COPPER QUEEN CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. BISBEE, ARIZONA, U. S. A. Owned by Phelps-Dodge Co. Period, Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 Production, reduction works : Ores and precipitates, pounds, copper. . . . Lease ores, Copper Queen Moctezuma ore and concentrate 82,355,137 3,250,490 36,598,132 8,167,132 3,039,691 79,856,168 1,899,170 31,739,748 8,050,091 21,330,923 75,200,392 460,766 25,511,582 10,272,489 Old dump slag and cleanings Total copper pounds 133,410,582 1,870,162 31,141 717,088 $6,916,900 642,958 123,876,100 1,689,152 27,687 584,642 $6,977,378 780,612 111,445,229 1,794,895 27,154 598,941 $4,155,010 1,388,575 Silver custom ore included in above Profit : Depreciation plant and mines Net profit $6,273,942 692,897 21,287 140,134 82,874 97,165 $6,196,766 672,280 9,027 124,083 97,574 59,840 $2,766,435 623,474 5,794 111,462 106,751 Tons treated : Old dump slag and cleanings Total tons 1,034,357 1,193,726 134,513,330 1,013,767 822,283 12.4 154,472 18.79 123,099 102,630 179,958 206,493 6.5 67,256 105,937 962,914 1,151,949 124,915,708 1,095,861 845,885 12.78 180,522 20.97 847,481 1,135,646 111,445,229 854,463 Smelter : Blast furnaces : Tons charge treated Of which was ore Per cent, coke per ton charge Reverberatory Department: 1 Tons smelted Matte produced Matte fall per cent Converter Department: Tons matte treated 56,086 15,163 29.84 195,685 6.16 62,458 78,135 14.9 5.78 General : Development ft. at mine Timber used per ton mined 62,150 16.6 1 Was placed in commission in June, 1912. 2 18 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD STOPING COSTS PER TON 1913 Four methods of sloping are practised, the choice depending on local conditions. The comparative costs are: Tonnage Labor Timber Explosives Total per ton In square setting In top slicing In cut and fill 612,299 20,582 58,239 $1.555 1.010 1.170 $.473 .210 .110 $.085 .080 .120 $2.113 1.300 1.400 In shrinkage 3,822 Total 694,942 $1.506 $.434 $.088 $2.028 Analysis of all ore smelted in 1910 was: SiO 2 , 19.7; Fe, 26.2; CaO, 2.06; A1 2 O 3 , 8.9; S, 17.85; Cu, 7.76. The report of the Copper Queen Co. contains no figures which permit of cost computations. Remarks. (See General Remarks, Bisbee.) Property is developed by seven large shafts, i.e., Czar 400 ft. deep, Hoi- brook 600 ft., Spray 900 ft., Gardner 1000 ft., Dalles (new) 1409 ft., Lowell 1400 ft., and Sacramento 1600 ft. Mines have electric haulage. Pumping not heavy. The ores are both oxides and sulphides of copper. Ore is hand- sorted underground. The grade shipped is in the neighborhood of 7 per cent. The method of mining is principally square set, though some top slicing, cutting and filling is used. A considerable saving is said to have been made in timber cost in past few years. Was 25 to 30 i per ton, while in 1912 it was down to 18 ff. Formerly used 10 X 12 and 12 X 12. Now using smaller timbers, 8X8, and filling closer. An estimate of the cost per ton would be something as follows: Mining Smelting Freight Converting, mkt., ship., ref. and selling $4.00 3.00 .25 2.20 $9 . 45 From this to $9 per ton. The ores are smelted direct. Smelter is located at Douglas, 25 to 30 miles from mines. Rail connection, mines to reduction plants. Blister copper shipped to Atlantic seaboard for refining. Company employs 4000 men, 2500 at mine and 1500 at smelter. The limestone ore reserves Dec. 31 1913, amounted to 2,356,729 tons. ARIZONA 19 SHATTUCK-ARIZONA COPPER CO. BISBEE, ARIZONA, U. S. A. Period : Year ending August 1 to Production: Dec. 31, 1913 Dec. 31, 1912 Copper, pounds recovered 13,219,756 1,746,493 Silver, ounces recovered 236,000 15,165 Gold, ounces recovered 2,033 16 Lead, pounds recovered 1,483,956 17 mos., Aug. 1, 1912 Gross income (Aug. 1, 1912 to Dec. 31, 1913) : to Dec. 31, 1913 Gross value copper, gold, silver and lead $2,545,007 Total receipts after interest and miscellaneous . . 2,562,668 Total disbursements 1,411,788 Net profit $1,150,879 Mine: Copper ore : Stoped wet, tons 94,095 7.754 1 Shipped wet, tons 99,075 12,806 Smelted wet, tons 99,089 12,244 Smelted dry, tons 89,343 10,913 Pounds recovered per ton dry 147.96 160.52 Lead ore : Stoped wet, tons 4,822 Shipped wet, tons 5,090 Smelted wet, tons 5,090 No production Smelted dry, tons 4,874 Pounds recovered per ton dry 304 . 48 Cost per ton smelted dry : Development *1 . 43 Mining and delivery to smelter 5.41 Smelting, refining and selling 6 . 29 Costs not repre- General and depreciation .52 sentative. Ore Total cost $13 . 65 obtained from Credit gold, silver and lead 2.95 development. Net total $10 . 70 Cost per pound : Refined copper, deducting credits 7. 22f< Not available General : Value gold and silver recovered per ton ore smelted $2. 03 Precious metal values per ton refined copper 27.49 Lead ore credit per ton refined copper 12. 37 Total credit per ton refined $39. 86 Gross price received per pound delivered refined 15.4298f$ copper. Average price equal New York delivery 15.3081^ Development, ft 20,147 1 Mined. In addition, 5052 tons came from the stock pile. See also Appendix, page 348 20 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD SUPERIOR & PITTSBURG COPPER COMPANY BISBEE, ARIZONA, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : Copper pounds (2) 36 618 399 28 469 166 26 133 790 Value, gold and silver $496 254 $301,785 $234 998 Income : Sales bullion $6,737,521 $6,186,964 $3,859,018 $3,444,757 Miscellaneous income 47,881 19,701 410 Total income 6,785 402 6 206 665 3,859,018 3,445,167 Expenses 3,583,077 2,813,046 2,180,415 2,509,725 Net earnings Mine and smelter : Tons ore mined dry Tons ore shipped dry Tons ore smelted dry Pounds copper recovered. . Per cent, copper recovered Val. gold and silver per ton refined copper Cost per ton smelted (cal- culated) : Mining and smelting $3,202,324 359,333 342,160 342,3013 115.698 5.7854 $8 12 $3,393,619 292,874 288,845 288,429 127.2 6.36 $27.10 $7 896 $1,678,602 205,603 205,675 206,234 138.3 6.917 $21.20 $8.35 $935,442 227,857 227,756 227,114 115.3 5.76 $17.98 $9.05 Sales office general expense Frt , ref and mkt .10 1 59 .108 1 75 .19 1.92 .25 1.57 Construction .655 .13 .22 Total $10 47 $9 754 $10.59 $11.09 Cost per pound (as given in report) : Cost per Ib. cr. gold and sil. Price rec 'd for copper Development Men employed 47,201 6.33?i C 1 ) 29,547 485 6.60?! 12.49(* 25,322 344 8.7*- 12.93?S 27,847 536 Amt. water pumped, gal. . Depth deepest shaft 1,566,756,779 1,620,218,296 1,837 1,579,255,906 1,837 ft. 1,516,014,750 1,774 ft. Remarks. Property adjoins the Calumet and Arizona. Mine developed by four large shafts. Depth is greater at this mine, 1800 ft. having been attained. The ore-bodies occur in limestone near the porphyry as is the case at the C and A mine, Copper Queen and others. At this mine the sulphide ores predominate though considerable oxides are found. Ore con- sists of chalcocite, chalcopyrite, also with various carbonates and oxides. At the Junction shaft the sulphide ores are mined by top slicing. At the other shafts the method is princi- pally square-setting. The ore-bodies are often very large. One has been opened for 800 ft. in length, 50 ft. wide and for 300 ft. in depth of continuous ore. The mine is very wet as will be seen from the amount of water pumped. Water is handled for the Copper Queen and also for the C and A mines. The figures given are the total quantity pumped. The ore is treated at C and A smelter at Douglas, 25 miles by rail. Freight rate favorable. Plant contains smelting and converter departments. Blister is shipped east for refining. 1 Not given the average for the year was 16.3?f. 2 Production not given. An approxi- mate figure may be obtained by multiplying the tons and pounds recovered. 3 Tons sampled. 4 The assay of the dry ore was 6.272 per cent. 6 State and Federal tax. ARIZONA 21 Clifton-Morenci District ARIZONA COPPER COMPANY, LTD. CLIFTON ARIZONA, U. S. A. Year Ended Sept. 30 1912 1911 1910 1909 J reduction : 38,150,000 34,569,019 32,161,205 32 017 487 Income : 1,184,051 866,863 832,291 841 509 753,076 654,499 663,910 638 583 430,985 212,364 168,381 202 926 Balance after inc. other Go's Profit after int., debentures, etc Mine: Tons mined dry Yield per ton, pounds 504,108 480,775 927,116 41.15 285,488 262,340 744,746 46.4 254,471 227,646 788,986 42.64 333,479 302,435 741,068 43 Per cent. cone, ore of total 96 94 96 4 6 4 46 9 43 04 Concentrator : 782,100 582,335 559,250 565 085 Ratio of cone 6.74 to 1 5.6 to 1 5.14 to 1 5 8 to 1 Oxide cone, and leacher : Tons treated dry 108,230 104,754 115,223 111 513 Tailing leached Copper prod., per cent, of total copper Tons sulphuric used Smelting department : Ore and cone, smelted 89,890 9.71 3,998 158,529 90,526 11.5 3,778 153,991 102,831 11.3 2,971 158,532 101,921 9.52 3,365 142,409 Total with fluxes 236 035 230 833 Yield ore and cone., per cent. copper.. . Total copper prod, as finally adjusted. Cost per ton mined, calculated (approxi- mations) : Mining, cone, and leaching 12.03 38,132,000 $2 19 11.22 34,584,000 $2 25 10.14 32,210,000 $2 12 11.24 31,962,000 $2 25 Smelting, conv., shipping and R.R. . . General expense 1.46 29 1.82 .19 1.77 18 1.79 14 Total $3 94 $4 26 $4 07 $4 18 Cost per pound : Approximate cost per pound 9.5*; 9.2< 9.5* 9.7f 9.15)f 10.16^ Cost smelt, and convert, incl. in above, t per pound : Smelting 0252 0041 00484 Total 03004)5 General : Price rec'd for copper 15.21 16.42?! 12.39ff 12.73)5 Development, feet 17,783 15,259 10447 18 468 Cost horse-power-year $71 02 $64 04 $83 77 $96 18 Water pumped, gallons. 1,284,000,000 1,441,480,000 1,277 000 000 Aveg. flow in mine, 24 hours. . . 3,518,221 3,938,474 1 Incl. expendit. for extra improvements of $26,288. 2 Cost per ton treating new copper bearing material from own mines. Remarks. The ore-bodies at the mine occur along what is known as the Old Dominion fault between limestone and diabase. The ore-bodies are lenticular. Some of the ore-bodies are very large, varying up to several hundred feet in length by over a hundred feet in width. Both oxide and sulphide ores found. The large ore-bodies are mainly oxides and are com- posed of cuprite, malachite, azurite and chrysocolla. Bodies of sulphide ore occur in depth, the copper being in the form of chalcocite, chalcopyrite, with considerable quantities of pyrite. The ores are in general silicious, and the company has to obtain custom iron ores. The sulphides, how- ever, which have been developed in depth, have improved this situation. The mine is developed by four important vertical shafts and opened to depth of 1800 ft. Mine is equipped with electric haulage. The ore-bodies are worked principally by square-set method, though many different systems are used, depending upon the occurrence. A slicing system similar to that used at Morenci was started in 1910. Very heavy timbering is required. The mine is very wet and pumping a great expense to the company, though this is lessened by sale of 2,000,000 gallons daily to the Miami Copper Co. The property is equipped with a 500-ton concentrator and a smelter situated at the mine. Smelter has converter department. The property has railway connections. ARIZONA 35 MAGMA COPPER COMPANY SUPEKIOR, ARIZONA The Magma Copper Company operates what was known as the Queen mine, located at Superior, Arizona. No work was performed in the old days below the 500-ft. level. During the past three years present owners have been carrying on development work, which has now extended to the 1000-ft. level. There have been shipped from the mine 9913 tons of ore and concentrates which realized gross $58.08 per ton. Average grade shipping ore : Cost per ton : Copper. . . 18.35 per cent. Alining $3 50 Silver Gold Iron 20.3 oz. 072 oz. 13.2 per cent. Development Sorting and milling Tramming 1.50 1.50 .... .15 Insoluble. . . . 46. 1 per cent. Total $6.65 Remarks. The pre occurs as lenses through a porphyry-filled fissure through limestones, quartzites and diabase. Above the 500-ft. level large bodies of carbonate ores containing about 5 per cent, copper have been ex- posed. On the 650-ft. level two shoots of chalcocite ore have been de- veloped. On the 800-ft. level there is a shoot 345 ft. long, averaging 6.8-ft. wide, containing copper 12%, silver 14 ounces. A winze has been sunk from the 800-ft. level and a crosscut run at the 1000-ft. level which encountered a 60-ft. vein in which there was a 5-ft. streak of zinc ore containing zinc 22% and silver 22 ounces; also a copper shoot on which east and west drifts are being run, both of which still had ore in the faces and had averaged for 150 ft. copper 20%, silver 19.5 ounces and $1.60 in gold per ton for the full width of the drift. There was also found in the crosscut a great deal of low grade chalcopyrite ore containing from 3% to 4% copper, the extent of which is unknown. A 14-mile power line from the Inspiration Mine has been completed and it will transmit Roosevelt Hydro-electric power from Miami. A 150-ton concentrator has been started which uses a combination of water concentration and oil flotation. Total recoveries, including the mineral being sorted by hand, are over 85%. The crude ore and con- centrates are being hauled a distance of 32 miles to Florence, a station on the Arizona Eastern Railroad. Surveys and plans have been completed for the construction of a narrow gauge road from Superior to Webster on the Arizona Eastern Railroad. CALIFORNIA ARGONAUT MINING COMPANY AMADOR COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Following from Annual Report, Jan., 1911. Construction was exceptional and included a large electric hoist, new change house and additions to the mill. Mining per ton : Stoping $1.407 .929 labour .478 supplies .497 labour . 338 supplies .227 labour ^ .164 supplies . 129 labour . 033 supplies $ 555 Develop 835 Hoisting .391 Surface .162 Total mining Milling: Labour $ 194 $2.795 Total milling Supplies .176 Office and genera Total operatinj Construction 1 096 Frt. and treatment Office and general. .... .185 096 $ 074 i . $3.446 341 Construction Labour Supplies.. . .267 Grand total $3 . 787 Remarks. Accessibility. Mine 1 mile from terminus of Amador Central Ry. Character of ore Gold quartz, yielding in the mill about $5.50 in free gold per ton and $1.50 in concentrates or a total of $7 per ton. Character of ore body Soft shattered white quartz 5 ft. to 35 ft. wide, one wall always very soft black slate, other wall same or greenstone schist. Ground exceed- ingly heavy Width 5-38 ft., average probably 15 ft. Method of opening Main shaft 4000 ft. deep with levels at 150-ft. intervals and raises every 150 ft. Method of mining Square-sets and waste filling combined, filling kept close as possible to the back. Depth of mine Bottom level 3900 and no ore coming from above 2760 level. Amount water pumped 30,000 gal. per day, most of which comes from 1800 level and but little below 2900. Method of ore reduction 40-stamp mill stamps 1000 Ib. with average duty of 5 tons per working day, followed by vanners. General conditions Power $4.50 per h.p. month. Lumber $19 to $20 per M. delivery. Average miner's wages about $2.75 per day, great majority Slavs and Italians who are well suited for the heat of deep workings. Ground breaks very easily in the vein; an average of 15 men break all the stope ore and put in their own timber. Drifts are slow to drive on account of caving ground and expensive to maintain. Nearly half the total force underground are timbermen. Mill capacity about 200 tons per day. (Costs and data by R. S. Rainsford, Gen'l. Mgr.) 36 CALIFORNIA 37 MELONES MINING COMPANY MELONES, CALIFORNIA, U. S. A. Period 15 months 1912 1911 1910 Production : Gold bullion $273,307 $238,613 $258,612 127 800 130 000 142 400 Tons milled 195 181 141 000 148 900 Average val. per ton $1.75 $2.00 $1.98 Per cent, recovered Cost per ton: 82.1 $1.55 85.5 $1.609 86 $1.436 Mining and development 559 55 46 Haulage . 062 057 048 Milling Marketing concentrates and bullion expense. General expense Construction and maintenance .212 .243 .224 .25 .277 .316 .229 .18 .273 .364 .219 .072 Development, feet: Raises Drifts Shafts 1.550 512 1,491 372 1.609 177 960 270 1.436 214 1,060 None Remarks. Accessibility On the Angels Branch of Sierra Railway at Melones, Calaveras Co., Calif. Character of Ore-bodies Schist and slate impregnated with quartz. General Dimensions Ore-bodies 400 ft. X40 ft. Method of Mining Shrinkage stoping. Depth of Mine 1600 ft. Method of Reduction Stamp milling, amalgamation and concentration. Distance Mill from Mines Mill at the mine. General Remarks Increase of costs in 1911-12 due to new construction and equipment incidental to mining below 1100 adit level and extensive re- pairs to water-power system. Excess tonnage milled over that mined ob- tained from reserves of broken ore in completed stopes.* Data by William G. Devereux. 38 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD NATOMAS CONSOLIDATED OF CALIFORNIA NEAR FOLSOM, AMERICAN RIVER AND OROVILLE FEATHER RIVER, CALI- FORNIA, U. S. A. Natoma division Feather River division 1912 1911 1912 1911 General : Ground worked, cubic yards . . % Days dredging 16,806,582 2,766 53,057:25 19:11 6,076 .83*5 .20 .76 .11 .24 1.75 .58 .19 .03 18,983,670 2,954 57,331:50 19:24 6,425 .779* .120 .719 .101 .201 1.335 .405 .154 .031 5,349,070 1,016.5 21,686:20 21:20 5,262 .85?! ,06' .78 3,286,916 831 17,135:20 20:37 3,955 .997,5 .088 .765 Hours and minutes dredging Average per day Yards worked per day Cost per yard : Running expenses: Labour, cents Material Electric power 1 Water Repairs : Labour .04 1.21 .50 .28 .03 .066 1.422 .621 .305 .041 Material General expenses Taxes and insurance Smelting and express Total, cents... 4.69 3.845 3.75 4.305 BOTH DIVISIONS 1912 1911 General: Ground worked, cubic yards 22,155,652 22,270,586 Days dredged . 3,782.5 3,785.5 Hours and minutes dredged 74,743:45 74,467:10 Average hours and minutes per day 19:46 19:40 Average yards worked per day 5,858 5,883 Cost per yard : Running expenses: Labour .83ff .811^ 17 .115 77 .726 Water 08 .087 Repairs: Labour .19 .181 Material 1.62 1.348 General expense .56 .437 Taxes and insurance .21 .176 Smelting and express .03 .032 Total, cents 4.46 3.913 CALIFORNIA DISSECTED COSTS DREDGING OPERATIONS DREDGE NO. 1 39 Capacity 13 cu. ft. Constructed by Yuba Const. Co. 1912 | 1911 1910 1909 General: Ground worked, cubic yards 3,089,057 364 7,159:00 19:40 8,486 .65* .21 .60 .13 .14 1.56 .42 .14 .02 3,233,693 364 7,319:20 20:07 8,884 .619jf .097 .562 .134 .114 .799 .284 .118 .029 3,341,902 363 7,213:00 19:52 9,206 .526jf .106 .527 .105 .119 1.241 .239 .091 .028 3,048,254 365 6,969:13 19:06 8,351 .60^ .15 .54 .08 .10 .70 .14 .06 .04 Average hours and minutes per day Average yards worked per day Cost per yard: Running expenses: Labour, cents Material Electric power Water Repairs : Material General expense Taxes and insurance Smelting and express . . Total, cents 3.87 2.756 2.982 2.41 DREDGE NO. 3 Capacity 8 cu. ft. Mississippi Bar, 1908 Constructed by Yuba Const. Co . 1912 | 1911 1910 1909 General : Ground worked, cubic yards 1,987,907 365 7,084:40 19:24 5,446 1.00 .22 .65 .10 .19 2.28 .65 .19 .03 2,287,704 364.5 7,234:45 19:51 6,276 .879 .153 .593 .073 .202 1.092 .401 .152 .037 1,843,375 363 6,930:30 19:05 5,078 .919 .171 .683 .098 .272 1.677 .433 .162 .045 1,604,369 366 6,886:40 18:48 4,383 1.01 .15 .74 .11 .26 1.34 .27 .12 .05 Days dredged Hours and minutes dredged Average hours and minutes per day Average yards worked per day Cost per yard : Running expenses : Material Electric power Water Repairs : Labour Material General expense Taxes and insurance Smelting and express Total, cents 5.31 3.582 4.460 4.05 40 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Capacity 9 cu. ft. DREDGE NO. 6 Section 12 Constructed by Western Eng. Co. 1912 | 1911 1910 | 1909' General : Ground worked, cubic yards 1,394,421 364 6,269:50 17:50 3,831 1.11 .24 1.06 .09 .53 3.02 .92 .27 .03 1,587,347 363 6,529:15 17:59 4,373 .927 .081 .956 .076 .419 2.518 .578 .241 .044 1,197,428 363 5,512:20 15:11 3,299 1 . 202 .144 1.066 .117 .705 3.178 .917 .397 .049 1,565,598 361 6,594:25 18:16 4,336 .88 .15 1.05 .09 .57 2.21 .58 .26 .05 Days dredged Hours and minutes dredged Average hours and minutes per day Average yards worked per day Cost per yard : Running expenses: Labour, cents Material Electric power Water Repairs : Labour Material General expense Taxes and insurance Smelting and express Total, cents 7.27 5.840 7.775 5.84 1 Folsom Division. DREDGE NO. 9 Capacity 15 cu. ft. Built by Yuba Const. Co. 1912 1911 1910 | 1909 General : 2,651,514 364 7,498:05 20:36 7,284 .72 .22 1.16 .13 .18 1.50 .48 .24 .04 946,929 143 2,974:10 20:48 6,622 1.005 .380 1.201 .111 .140 .789 .490 .207 .035 Days dredged Average hours and minutes per day Cost per yard : Running expenses : Material Electric power Water Repairs : Smelting and express Total, cents 4.67 4.358 CALIFORNIA 41 - I O 8* 82 ,* M fe b il 2 "S I!R ! r-t i-l 00 THrHr-lOOOO ^ OOOOOOO M< N CO 00 CO rHi-Hi l -* co * o 05 o> CO 00 O >-i CO O rHi-Hi lOOOO OOOOOOO O T CO S 00 ^ 00 l> O 5S S {f O Tfl l> 00 00 T}< CO ^ Sc^ S fe S ld e fi 70 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Remarks. The following is a description of the Colorado Gold Dredging Company's operations in the Swan Valley, in the vicinity of Breckenridge, Colorado, one dredge only being employed. Season about eight months, from April 1 to December 1. Altitude 9600 ft. above sea-level. Gravel is glacial, fairly coarse, with occasional boulders, 3 or 4 ft. in length. Gravel caves freely. Boat operates up stream, consequently carrying a bank of average depth of about 13 ft., average depth below water being 26 ft. Total gravel about 39ft. Bulk of gold hi size is from fine to the size of shot, with occasional nuggets. Gold occurs mainly just above and within a few feet of bed-rock, in an old river channel, same not conforming to present river channel. A width of 250 ft. across valley will include old channel. Constant panning while the buckets are just above bed-rock is required in order to follow the pay streak. Dredge is of Bucyrus type, with a capacity of 6000 yd. per day. Main dimensions as follows : Hull width 43 ft. 10 in., length 120 ft. 2 in., depth 8 ft. 10 in. Ladder length 92 ft., designed to dig 38 ft. below water line. Bucket-line continuous, consists of seventy-six 8| ft. capacity buckets. Speed about 17| buckets per minute. Screen cylindrical, length 37 ft. 6 in., diameter 6 ft. 1 in., pitch If in. to 1 ft. Stacker rubber belt type, length 115 ft., belt 32 in. wide. Speed 300 ft. per minute. Pumps Screen 12 in. discharge, auxiliary 5 in. discharge, primer 3 in. discharge. Motors 440 volt, 3 phase. Main drive 200 h.p., screen drive 50 h.p., stacker drive 35 h.p., winch drive 20 h.p., pump (12 in. and 5 in.) 75 h.p., pump (priming) 15 h.p. Transformers three 100-kw. transforming from 13,000 to 440 volts. Tables total surface area of 1523 sq. ft. Slope of 1| in. to 1 ft. Power cost $.0165 per kw.-hour straight meter reading. Labour common $3.00 for 8 hours, winchmen $4.00 for 8 hours, motormen $3.50 for 8 hours, oilers $3.00 for eight hours. IDAHO BUNKER HILL & SULLIVAN MINING & CONCENTRATING CO. KELLOGG, IDAHO Year Ended June 1 19121 1911 1910 1909 Gross production Less smelting and freight Net value $5,396,915 1,980,230 3,416,684 $3,307,393 1,255,729 2,051,664 $3,307,825 1,318,296 1,989,529 $3,199,975 1,343,043 1,856,932 Operating expenses 1,580,814 1,835,869 941,350 1,110,314 788,978 1,200,551 761,374 1,095,558 702 520 Mill: Tons ore milled 697,560 9 58% 436,940 9.49% 376,200 11.21% 341,700 11.40% Average silver content, ounces 3.72 96 267 2 1 3.78 4.25 4.19 3,430.7 1,350 1,330 3,570 49 . 87 % 42.08 42.26 44.16 Average silver content, ounces Mill extraction, per cent Ratio concentration 16.94 78.5 7.26-1 11 050 16.39 77.33 6.74-1 15.21 77.01 5.89-1 17.63 80.56 5.05-1 ee mine eve opmen $7 15 Cost per ton at mines : $1.602 $1.423 $1.45 $1.563 Tramming .074 .069 .07 .083 Concentrating .374 034 .371 .405 .386 073 .086 007 All other Wardner expenses Miscellaneous expenses .166 .007 .164 .182 Total $2 250 $2 . 036 $2.09 $2.214 Average value mill ore Average value shipped ore $9.63 $47.92 $9.67 $41.44 $11.32 $40.42 $11.17 $34 . 02 i Period from June 1, 1911, to Dec. 31, 1912. PRODUCTION SINCE 1886 TO DEC. 31, 1912 Tons ore mined 5,585,988 Operatng profit $17,747,666 Gross value $52,978,903 Dividends paid $13,911,750 Net smelter returns $31,480,913 Remarks. The mine is located in an accessible country with good railroad connections. The ore occures as large masses in a quartzite formation. The ore is galena and iron pyrites carrying silver values. The widths vary from 1 ft. to 300 ft. The mine is operated through tunnels and shafts to a maximum depth of 2000 ft. The milling method is simple concentra- tion and shipment of concentrates to smelters. This property is one of the large lead mines of the country. 71 72 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD FEDERAL MINING & SMELTING CO., WALLACE, IDAHO, U. S. A. Operating the Wardner, Mace, and Morning Mines. Year Ended Aug. 31 1913 1912 1911 Total value production $3 553,325 $4 911 996 $5,338 653 Total expenses 2,993,815 4 053 731 4,191,732 Operating profit After adding rents, int., div., miscl. invest Deduct construction and betterments Deducting general expenses, taxes, etc $559,510 1,126,974 33,331 260,1941 $858,265 966,941 98,106 71,512 $1,145,921 1,270,900 141,363 29,785 Net profit to profit and loss Mine: Tons mined wet $833,448 691,487 $797,323 836,947 $1,099,752 Of which first class was Mill: Tons milled dry 30,726 637 900 46,087 762 550 784,600 32,609 Production : Lead marketed, pounds 726,499 94,086,800 Lead cone, and shipping ore, tons combined. . . . Average silver oz. per ton 84,533 15 9 118,734 20 8 118,315 27.93 Average lead per cent, per ton 43 4 42 9 44. 18 Zinc cone, prod., tons 6 494 2 532 531 Average per cent, zinc 45 9 46 93 46.9 First-class ore, tons 30,726 46,087 32,609 Average per cent, lead 33 7 33.7 36.07 Omaha lease prod., tons 2 1,869 7,895 Average lead contents 26.6 28.5 Average silver contents 47.7 69.14 Average copper contents 80,042 Profits Omaha lease $13,545 $68,645 Cost per ton mined (approx.) wet : Cost of production 3 Development $2.430 $2.790 $3 . 050 .049 Smelter, freight and treatment 1.870 2.060 2.250 General expense. .108 .085 .039 New construction .048 .117 .179 Total 7 $4 . 456 $5.052 $5.567 Green Hill lease not included 035 Price received for silver, oz., cents Price received for lead, lb., cents Development, feet 61.0 4.49 16,224 58.33 4.38 18,947 58 approx. 4.45 17,152 Number men employed 1,088 Cost per ton shipped : Lead cone, and shipping ore. Smelt-freight and treatment Tons shipped $15.25 84,533 $14.51 118,734 $14.89 118,315 IDAHO 73 Remarks. Company operates the Wardner, Mace, Morning and Green Hill-Cleveland properties, situated near Wardner, Idaho. The mines are principally lead-silver properties, but some zinc is produced. Ore extraction at the Mace mine ceased in October, 1912, the ore-bodies having become exhausted. The Green Hill-Cleveland Co., of which the Federal owns one-half interest, leased the Mace mill. The Mace property is developed to 2250 ft. in depth. The Morning property has reached a depth of 1650 ft. by shaft. The ore varies from 2 to 40 ft. in width and from 6 per cent, to 12 per cent. lead. The Morning property formerly was operated at a loss, but now it is making a profit. The ore has been very difficult to mill. An improvement has been made through sorting. In connection with the mill, Macquisten plant has been installed and is employed on zinc ores. The Green Hill-Cleveland property is developed to the 2050-ft. level. In working the ores, the elimination of the waste, both underground and at the sorting plants, has required more and more attention on account of conditions at depth to win the largest amount of profit from the veins. In the 1911 report, some comparative figures are given showing the percentages of rock eliminated as waste before milling of the total rock broken in the stopes, as compared with former operations. Below we give this comparison: Wardner, 35 per cent, as against 22 per cent, formerly; Mace, 32 per cent., compared with 18 per cent, formerly, and Morning, 18 per cent., is now eliminated where formerly very little was possible. In the 1913 year the company experienced the worst winter in years. The report on August 31, 1913, stated that the Federal property at Mace has reached the end of profitable operation, and that the Wardner properties are approaching it. The combined ore reserves at the different properties at close of year, compared with 1912, were as follows: Milling ore (tons) Concentrates (tons) First-class ore (tons) Sept. 1, 1913 1,050,300 96,410 54,300 Sept. 1, 1912 802,870 76,114 47,550 No grade is given for different classes of ore. The average number of men employed at different plants in 1913 year was 775 at an average cost per shift of $3.603. The concentrates and first-class ore are shipped to the Tacoma smelter of the American Smelting & Refining Co. 1 In addition to General Expense which alone is shown for the other years there is included $19,874 corporation excise tax and $165,422 written off for Green Hill-Cleveland invest- ment/ 2 Not incl. in first class above. 3 Includes the cost of mining, for wet tons shown and the milling for dry tonnage given. 74 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD STEWART MINING COMPANY KELLOGG, IDAHO, U. S. A. 6 mo. Ended June 30, 1913 6 mo. Ended Dec. 31, 1912 Yr. Ended June 30, 1912 15 mo. Ended June 30, 1911 Sales, concentrates Sales, ore $466,466 74,644 $485,164 105,960 $633,039 113,999 $523,443 21,805 Total $541,110 $591,124 $747,038 $545 248 Miscell receipts 1,881 57 Expenses 541,110 294,248 591,124 368.501 1 $748,919 473,738 $545,306 381,149 Profit before interest Interest $246,862 38,7912 $222,623 $275,181 $164,156 11,597 Profit $208,070 $222,623 $275,181 $152,558 Tons mined 89 246 100,043 160,510 96,848 Dump ore treated 100,000 Total tons dry Tons smelted (sold) Tons milled Assay value ore mined : Silver, ounces 89,246 1,963 87,283 657,416 13 545 300 100,043 2,753 97,290 160,510 3,489 157,021 106,848 581 106,267 Cost per ton: Mining and development. . Transport mine to mill. . . . 2.28 .15 04 $2.15 .15 04 $1.99 .19 $2.39 .29 Taxes .10 .11 .06 .03 Milling expense .37 .31 .39 .53 Administration and gen'l . . Depreciation .31 .05 .31 .04 .30 .02 .31 .01 Total cost $3.30 $3.11 $2.95 $3.56 Total receipts per ton $6.06 $5.91 $4.66 $5.10 Profit per ton after inter- est, litigation and miscl. $2.33 $2.23 $1.71 $1.43 1 Includes item of $58,113 tor litigation and miscl. expenses. 8 Includes litigation. See also Appendix, page 353 IDAHO 75 SNOWSTORM MINING CO. LARSON, SHOSHONB COUNTY, IDAHO, U. S. A. Year Ended July 1 1912 1911 1910 Production, gross : Pounds copper 2,029,474 202,583 2,653,036 267,263 7,125,105 605,075 Income : $177,939 67 $171,384.43 $455,470.75 Total expenses 162,161.08 145,693.36 264,210.68 Net profit Mine: Tons mined Tons treated $15,778.59 32,282 2 050 $25,691.07 34,464 $191,260.07 91,368 Aver, per cent, copper per ton. . Cost per ton : Mining 3.54 $1.585 3.96 $1.868 4.07 $1.417 Development Haulage Smelting Converting > . . Freight, refining and selling j General expense .502 .075 7.201 .714 .832 .120 7.887 .764 .543 .051 7.797 .455 Total $10 077 $11.471 $10.263 Cost per pound : Crediting gold and silver 18.902jf 5.811ji 1 495 16.585^ 5.390>< 3,171 14. 406 t 4.434ff 5,960 Price received for copper metal. . . 14.892^ 12.263jf 12.954^ Remarks. Accessibility On Northern Pacific R. R. Character of ore Copper sulphides and carbonates. Character of ore-body Impregnated beds in quartzite. Width of ore-body 30 ft. to 60 ft. Method of opening Cross- cut tunnels. Method of mining Square-set. Depth of mine 1700 ft. Amount water pumped Two cu. ft. per second approximate. Method of ore reduction Gravity concentration. Started in summer of 1912. General conditions Concentrates are smelted at various smelters, Trail, Tacoma, Butte and Salt Lake. MICHIGAN BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE LAKE SUPERIOR COPPER DISTRICT The Lake Superior Copper belt is situated on Keweenaw Peninsula in northwestern Michigan. The Peninsula which extends into Lake Superior for a distance of about 80 miles is from 15 to 20 miles in width where the principal copper properties occur. The peninsula is intersected at the towns of Houghton and Hancock by Portage Lake, which is connected both east and west with Lake Superior by canals, thus affording passage to large lake steamers. Most of the large mines and mills and all of the smelters are situated on this inland water-way. Some of the stamp-mills, however, are located on Lake Superior on either side of the peninsula. The central portion of this peninsula is made up of a series of lava flows including beds of conglomerate and sandstone. The entire formation is flanked on either side by sandstone. The general strike of the formation is parallel to long axis of the peninsula, the producing mines extending over a total distance of approximately 40 miles. The beds dip westward from 30 to 72 deg. The lava flows are composed of a dark basaltic rock with the texture of diabase. The beds have an amygdaloidal structure, the native copper occurring in the amygdules with calcite quartz and other minerals. The conglomerate beds are worked, but only one has been ope- rated profitably, the Calumet Conglomerate. The Tamarack is the Calumet Conglomerate on the dip. The various lodes, both amygdaloid and conglomerate vary from a few feet to 25 ft. in width. The mines are low grade, the greatest yield in the district being 28 to 30 pounds per ton. The lodes show decreasing copper contents with depth, particularly where this exceeds one-half mile. The mines are usually developed by inclined shafts, following the beds from the surface, or in the footwall and cross-cuts made to the lode. The trap being firmer, this method insures the permanency of the shaft. Some vertical shafts have been sunk for the purpose of developing very deep por- tions of the lodes. The Tamarack holds the distinction of having the deepest shaft in the world, its No. 5 vertical shaft being slightly over a mile in depth. The copper occurs in the native state scattered throughout the amygdaloid or conglomerate beds. It is usually found in fine particles, but in certain of the mines very large pieces or "mass copper" are encountered. These have weighed as much as 500 to 600 tons. 76 MICHIGAN 77 For the method of mining employed, reference should be made to the re- spective properties. In brief, the system used at the Copper Range prop- erties differs from that at the other mines, this being one using a waste filling as against the usual back or overhand stoping with no filling or broken copper rock as the case may be. The conglomerate lodes are more expensive to mine than the amygdaloid, owing to the weak hanging wall necessitating heavy timbering. These lodes are also much harder. The copper rock after mining is sent to the different stamp mills for con- centration. These mills are situated at various points on the lake and are assured an abundant supply of water and tailings area. The mills usually employ steam power generated from coal. Steam stamps are used through- out the district. Some of these are operated by compound engines. The process usually employed is crushing in stamps followed by jigs and concen- trating tables, buddies, etc. Recently considerable attention has been given to retreating the tailings at several of the mills by finer grinding and further concentration. This work has been meeting with success and the increased extraction is resulting in greater profits to the companies. The enormous tonnage of tailings at the Calumet & Hecla mills the accumulation of years are also being retreated. The concentrates from the mills which are termed "mineral," together with the mass and barrel copper sorted out at the mine, are sent to the smelters. These average from 60 per cent, to 75 per cent, copper. Certain of the com- panies here have their own smelters. A majority, however, smelt at one of the custom plants. The various products are treated in reverberatory fur- naces. Before the copper is drawn, it is subjected to poling following which it is cast. The slag from the reverb eratories is retreated in blast furnaces. The conditions at Lake Superior are such as to permit of low costs. Steamers plying the Great Lakes afford cheap transportation to and from the various markets. There is an abundance of timber and water, the lodes are uniform, the copper occurs in the native state thus simplifying the method of treatment, the stamp mills and smelters are well situated, all of which make for cheap operation. The climate is severe in winter. Labor under normal conditions is good. Severe labor troubles were experienced in the last six months of 1913 and during this period the greater part of the mines were shut down. As a result of this 1913's operations are not representative of the mines. 78 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD AHMEEK MINING COMPANY CALUMET, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : [ Copper, pounds 9,220,874 16,455,769 15,196,127 11,844,954 Income Gr. vaL incl. silver sales $1,433,695 $2,757,576 $1,960,513 $1,538,003 Total expenditures 1,226,275 1,292,179 1,083,186 1,295,615 Net profit $207,419 $1,465,396 $ 877,327 $242,387 Net profit after int 176,9192 1,465,396 870,273 229,320 Mine and mill : Rock broken * 617,204 568,935 Discard, per cent 3.0 6.8 Rock hoisted 385,450 666,647 6.1 0,236 551,965 Discard, per cent .4 2.2 1.9 3.9 Tons stamped 383,749 652,260 598,549 530,365 Lb. mineral 13,742,140 23,945,315 21,917,925 16,758,521 Lb. refined copper 9,220,874 16,455,769 15,196,127 11,844,954 Per cent, copper in mineral 67.10 68.72 69.33 70.68 Ref . copper per ton Ib 24.0 25.2 25.4 22.3 Cost per ton, treated (calculated) : Min. trans, stamp and tax $1.77 $1.39 $1.42 $1.42 Construction 1.00 .30 .08 1.76 Smelt., frt.. and comm .33 .29 .30 .26 . Total $3.20 $1.98 $1.80 $2.44 Cost per pound cents : At mine 7.38 5.51 5.61 7.93 Construction 4.53 1.20 .32 1.85 Smelt., frt., comm 1.39 1.14 1.19 1.16 Total inc. int., cents 13.30 7.85 7.17 11.05 General : Dev. drifting and crosscutting, feet 9808 11691 9107 Development, sinking 1336 1284 1983 Price copper sold, cents 15.40 16.56 12.85 12.94 Incl. $184,725 sinking and equip, shafts. 2 After land purchase of $30,500. See also Appendix, page 353 MICHIGAN 79 ALLOUEZ MINING COMPANY CALUMET, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : 4,091,129 5,525,455 4,780,494 4,655,702 Income : Gross value $650,205 $918,435 $629,229 $609,858 Total expenditures 485,119 729,824 617,376 521,345 Operating profit 165,086 188,852 11,852 88,513 9,358 17,346 18,231 17,416 Net profit . . . $155,728 $171,264 $6,379 $71,096 Mine and mill : Rock broken, tons Per cent, discard 239,704 1.269 339,970 1.868 loss 294,646 2.049 253,018 2.33 Tons stamped 236,663 333,618 288,610 247,119 6 640 000 8 877 120 7 532 190 4 655 702 Pounds copper per ton stamped 17.29 16.56 16.56 18.84 Copper in mineral, per cent 61 61 62 88 63 47 62 86 Cost per ton treated (calculated) : Expenses at mine Smelt., frt., comm., eastern office Construction $1.69 .33 03 $1.61 .31 26 $1.67 .32 15 $1.77 .34 Total $2 05 $2 18 $2 14 $2 11 Cost per pound (cents) : At mine exc. construction, cents Construction 9.76 16 9.74 1 60 10.07 90 9.39 00 Smelting, frt., comm Cost interest pd 1.94 23 1.87 31 1.95 38 1.81 37 Total cost per pound, cents 12 09 13 52 13 30 11 57 Price received for copper, cents 15.627 16.318 12.895 12.7 See also Appendix, page 354 80 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD BALTIC MINING COMPANY HOUGHTON, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : Pounds copper. 7 736 124 13 373 961 15 370 449 17 549 762 Income : Gross receipts $1,152,026 $2,165,350 $1,927,036 $2,235,273 Expense at mine 792,170 1,278,764 1,194,089 1,231,923 Smelting, freighting, marketing and selling 80,745 127,915 139,464 159,472 Total expense $872,915 $1,406,679 $1,333,553 $1,391,394 Taxes and interest 48,900 61,276 63,268 75,939 Net profit $230,211 $697,393 $530,215 $767 939 Mine: Tons hoisted 364,466 705,281 760,473 823,352 Tons stamped 333,289 652,433 696,795 781,419 Per cent, hoisted waste Mill: Mineral produced, pounds 8.5 13,282,825 7.49 22,444,810 8.37 25,254,160 5.09 28,067,300 Yield rock, pounds 23 21 20 50 22 06 22 46 Per cent, rock 1 16 1 025 1 103 1 123 Price copper, cents 14 89 16 16 12 54 12 74 Cost per ton stamped, (calculated)* Mining . . $1.64 $1.422 $1 28 $1 165 Milling Transportation . .27 .14 .214 .136 .187 .143 .205 .141 General mine .35 .204 .117 .077 Less rents .02 .013 .013 .0112 Total working expense $2.38 $1.96 $1.714 $1 . 576 Total working exp. inc. taxes 2.53 24 2.05 196 1.80 20 1.668 204 Total Cost min., trans, and stamp per ton treated $2.77 $2.377 $2 . 246 $1.82 $2.00 $1.65 $1 . 872 $1.54 Cost min., etc., incl. tax. and extra expense Cost per pound : $2.522 $ 087 $2.05 $ 0889 $1.80 $ 0746 $1.67 $ 0686 Construction .015 .0068 .0031 .0015 Taxes 007 0050 .0042 0041 Smelt., frt., ref., etc .010 .0087 .0090 .0090 Total $ 1191 $ 1094 $ 0909 $ 0832 Development: Total shaft sinking, feet 248 464 609 780 Total drifting, feet . 6,441 10,547 9,923 11,218 Total crosscutting, feet. 629 679 589 465 See also Appendix, page 354 MICHIGAN 81 CALUMET & HECLA MINING CO. CALUMET, MICH., U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 1909 Production : Copper, pounds 67,856,429 74,130,977 72,059,545 80,096,995 72,861,925 72,672,469 74,593,553 Tons stamped 2,806,610 2,909,972 2,795,514 2,842,880 Copper per ton rock, pounds 24.18 25.47 25.77 28.18 Price received for copper, cents. . . . 16.65 12.82 13.20 13.61 Costs : Mine cost (excl. const, per ton) .... $1.91 $1.84 $1.92 $1.93 Total cost per pound, cents 9.86 8.52 8.96 8.28 CONGLOMERATE LODE Production : Copper, pounds 51,935,245 58,469,399 58,739,509 66,285,684 Tons stamped 1 746 960 1 924 480 1 950 040 1 999 880 Pounds copper per ton 29 73 30 38 30 12 33 14 Costs : Mine cost per ton (ex. const.) $2.23 $2.07 &2.13 $2.11 Total cost per pound, cents 8 87 8 25 8 55 7 77 Development : Shaft sinking, feet Drifting and cross-cutting 523 10,662 546 8,814 464 9,840 556 8,918 Deepest shaft, feet 7,995 7,995 OSCEOLA LODE Production : Copper, pounds . . 15 692 199 15 661 578 13 150 427 13 752 276 Tons stamped 1 040 600 985 492 831 194 838 200 Pounds copper per ton 15.08 15.89 15.82 16.40 Costs: Mine cost per ton (ex. const.) $1.36 $1.34 $1.41 $1.42 Total cost per pound, cents 10.36 9.95 10.53 10.41 Development : Shaft sinking, feet 451 837 506 2 567 Drifting and cross-cutting . . 18 000 19 000 17 700 22 000 Deepest shaft, feet 3,232 3,232 82 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD KEARSARGE LODE Production : Copper, pounds 228,985 o 169 609 59 035 Tons rock stamped Shaft sinking, feet Drifting and cross-cutting 19,050 20 2,120 194 1,814 14,280 169 1 243 4,800 382 1 810 Deepest shaft, feet 2,291 2,271 STAMP MILLS Recrushing Plant Treating Coarse Conglomerate Tailings Pounds copper 2,155 292 2 152 110 1 951 378 1 251 300 Tons coarse tailings crushed 481,320 477,794 441,920 278,175 Pounds copper per ton treated 12.86 12.66 12.60 12.96 Pounds saved per ton 4.48 4.50 4.42 4.50 Costs : Per pound exclusive of sm'elting and 4.99 5.01 5.08 4.81 selling, cents. For more recent operations, see Appendix, page 399. Remarks. The Calumet & Hecla has been one of the largest and most important producers of copper in the world. It long held the distinction of being the world's greatest producer. Its dividend record to December 31, 1912, was $120,050,000. The Calumet & Hecla mine is opened on the Calumet conglomerate, Osceola Amygdaloid and Kearsarge Amygdaloid, all parallel beds. The conglomerate lode has a dip of 38 deg., averages about 15 ft. in width. The bed is worked by means of four mines, the Calumet, Red Jacket, Hecla, and South Hecla. The total distance on the lode occupied by these proper- ties is about 2 miles. The mines are opened by eleven inclined shafts and by the Red Jacket vertical shaft which intersects the lode at great depth. This shaft is approximately 5000 ft. deep. The conglomerate lode has a weak hanging wall and owing to this and the great pressure which exists in the deep workings, an enormous quantity of timber is required. Iron pillars and rails are also used. The copper rock of the conglomerate lode is harder to drill than the amygdaloid lodes and also tougher and more difficult to crush. The conglomerate bed is richer than the amygdaloid lodes. It has, however, shown a marked falling off in copper contents with depth. In 1900 the yield from this lode averaged nearly 60 Ib. per ton. (See accompanying table of ten years, operations at Calumet & Hecla.) The Osceola Amygdaloid bed parallels the main conglomerate lode several hundred feet southeast. The property is developed by six shafts, the maximum depth being approximately 3232 ft. The lode which dips MICHIGAN 83 about 40 deg. is wide averaging from 30 to 40 ft. The best rock, however, is adjacent to the walls of the lode. The Kearsarge Lode (amygdaloid) parallels the other two beds mentioned above, and lies 3000 ft. to the southeast of Calumet conglomerate. This property is one of the newer mines of the C. & H. Company to be developed. The property is opened by three shafts and to a maximum depth of 2291 ft. The mining method employed on the three lodes is the usual backstoping used in the Lake District. The Calumet & Hecla mills are located on Lake Linden, 4 or 5 miles from the mine. The mills which are divided into two sections, contain a total of 28 steam stamps having an average crushing capacity of 350 tons for con- glomerate and 500 for amygdaloid. The plant is equipped with a regrinding mill. In addition to the revenue derived from the treatment of tailings from present operations, there is an enormous profit to be won from the old tailings area at the mills, estimated at many millions of tons. The recoveries and cost per pound now being made on the recrushing and treatment of the coarse conglomerate tails are shown in the accompanying cost data sheets. The Calumet & Hecla Company owns and operates the railroad connecting the mines with the reduction works. Electric power is used at the mines, mills and smelters. The smelter is located at Torch Lake near the mills. The plant has several reverberatory furnaces. The Company also owns and operates the Buffalo Smelting works, situated near Buffalo, N. Y. Connected with this plant is an electrolytic refinery. In addition to the Calumet and Hecla properties of the company, it owns the following shares of various other companies in the Lake district. These different properties being also operated by the Calumet & Hecla Company. 24,200 shares Ahmeek Mining Company 50,000 shares issued 41,000 shares Allouez Mining Company 100,000 shares issued 41,500 shares Centennial Copper Mining Company 90,000 shares issued 19,400 shares Cliff Mining Company 60,000 shares issued 50,100 shares Gratiot Mining Company 100,000 shares issued 30,500 shares Isle Royale Copper Company 150,000 shares issued 152,977 shares La Salle Copper Company 302,977 shares issued 37,550 shares Laurium Mining Company 40,000 shares issued 32,750 shares Osceola Consolidated Mining Company 96,150 shares issued 11,207 shares Seneca Mining Company 20,000 shares issued 50,100 shares Superior Copper Company 100,000 shares issued ... 19,400 shares Tamarack Mining Company 60,000 shares issued 43,202 shares White Pine Copper Company, common 85,320 shares issued 6,092 shares White Pine Copper Company, preferred. . . . 6,092 shares issued For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." 84 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD COMPARISON OF CALUMET & HECLA'S CONDI- Exact accuracy in detail is not claimed for the following table, except in proximations and are given only to show comparative conditions. The 1910 1909 1908 1907 Production : Tons rock daily 9,175 8,670 8,025 8,325 Tons rock monthly 238,500 224,900 208,200 216,350 Tons yearly, congl 2,026,680 1,952,541 1,894,176 2,237,118 Tons yearly, amyg 834,420 747,378 603,891 362,765 Lb. in ton, congl 32 25 35.03 39.68 41 90 Lb. in ton, amyg 15 85 17.06 18.45 19.00 Lb. copper monthly 6,009,045 6,901,350 6,581,700 7,824,900 Lb. copper per share 721 828 789 938 Total Ib. copper Income : Avg. per Ib., copper, cents Total income 72,108,577 13.33 $ 9,614,213 83,816,230 13.59 $11,201,591 78,980,466 17.18 $13,563,428 93,898,963 22.15 $20,791,546 Expenditures : Lb. cop. mine and mill, cents Lb. cop. sm'l. and east, cents Lb. cop. con. and expansion Total per Ib copper 6.55 1.10 .35 8 00 7.33 1.10 .12 8.55 7.65 1.10 5.04 13.79 7.05 1.10 9.82 17.99 Total expenditures $ 5,768,683 $ 7,080,787 $10,891,406 $16,892,423 Profit: Profit $ 3,845,530 $ 4,120,804 $ 2,672,022 $ 3,899,123 As'ts bro't for'd 6,821,768 4,700,964 7,028,942 10,629,819 Total quick assets Dividends Balance quick assets Dividends per share 10,667,298 3,000,000 7,667,298 $30.00 8,821,768 2,000,000 6,821,768 $20.00 9,700,964 5,000,000 4,700,964 $50 . 00 14,528,942 7,500,000 7,028,942 $75.00 Profit per share $38.44 $41.20 $26.72 $38.99 Profit per Ib copper cents 5.33 5.04 3.39 4.16 Profit per ton rock $1.34 $1.52 $1.07 $1.33 MICHIGAN 85 TIONS, COVERING AN 11-YEAR PERIOD 1 such items as appear in the annual reports. All other items are ap- limitation of official figures prevents an accurate analysis. 1906 1905 1904 1903 1902 1901 1900 7,475 194,300 2,021,544 312,000 5,445 144,500 1,622,465 74,235 4,740 123,160 1,478,000 4,720 122,500 1,470,000 4,880 126,910 1,523,000 4,160 107,910 1,295,000 4,690 122,050 1,464,697 46.96 19.51 51.77 22.00 51.95 52.20 52.44 56.25 59.93 8,420,000 7,112,000 6,384,160 6,386,000 6,663,700 6,054,450 8,218,700 1,010 856 766 766 799 726 986 101,031,799 85,644,401 76,610,145 76,632,912 79,964,066 72,653,332 98,624,789 17.24 14.09 13.38 12.65 16.19 16.83 17.55 $18,376,643 $12,058,298 $10,246,758 $9,677,168 $12,139,626 $12,232,035 $17,310,568 7.64 6.62 6.59 4.65 5.42 8.38 6.22 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.10 1.05 .45 .43 .40 .89 1.29 2.26 9.79 8.17 . 8.12 6.15 8.41 10.77 9.58 $ 9,891,013 $6,997,147 $6,220,743 $4,712,924 $6,714,977 $7,824,763 $9,448,254 $8,485,630 $5,061,151 $4,026,015 $4,964,244 $5,424,649 $4,407,272 $7,862,314 7,144,189 6,583,038 6,557,023 3,592,779 2,168,130 4,260,858 4,398,544 15,629,819 11,644,189 10,583,038 8,557,023 7,592,779 8,668,130 12,260,858 5,000,000 4,500,000 4,000,000 2,000,000 4,000,000 6,500,000 8,000,000 10,629,819 7,144,189 6,583,038 6,557,023 3,592,779 2,168,130 4,260,858 $50.00 $45.00 $40.00 $20.00 $40.00 $65.00 $80.00 $84.85 $50.61 $40.26 $49.64 $54 . 24 $44.07 $78.62 7.45 5.92 5.26 6.48 6.78 6.06 7.97 $3.64 $2.99 $2.73 $3.38 $3.56 $3.41 $5.27 1 Published with permission of Gay & Sturgis, Boston, Mass. 86 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD CENTENNIAL COPPER MINING COMPANY CALUMET, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 1909 Production : Copper Ib 1 612 262 1 742 338 1 493 834 2 572 566 2 583 793 Income : Gross value $247 120 $285 075 $195 557 $206 951 $345 653 Total expend . . 215 722 234 562 183 145 222 281 399 343 Net profit $31 397 $50 511i $12 412 $15 330 $53 690 Mine and mill: Rock broken, tons Discard, per cent 90,883 5 986 107,638 01041 86,729 00214 loss 106,095 3 734 loss 199,918 1 7 Tons stamped 85443 106 517 86 543 102 133 196 525 Lb. mineral 2 324 040 2 567 385 2 321 200 2 380 820 3 941 820 Per cent, copper in mineral . Lb. refined per ton stamped. Cost per ton treated (calcu- lated) : 69.37 18.87 $2 179 67.86 16.36 $1 92 64.36 17.26 $1 869 66.05 15.40 $1 947 65.55 13.15 $1 818 Smelt., frt., market, etc Constr. and equipment .26 .21 .24 .23 .20 01 Total not incl. interest. . . Cost per pound, cents : At mine excl. construction. Construction $2.439 11.55 00 $2.13 11.74 00 $2.109 10.83 00 $2.177 12.65 00 $2.028 13.82 08 Smelt., frt., and comm Cost per Ib., int 1.37 46 1.32 40 1.43 43 1.49 34 1.56 15 Total, cents. . . 13 38 13 46 12 69 14 48 15 61 General : Price rec'd for copper, cents Development: Sinking, ft 15.301 16.36 203 12.92 o 13.0 13 13.277 589 Openings, ft 14.61 2,607 2,639 2,852 3,516 i After $7039 interest. See also Appendix, page 355 MICHIGAN 87 CHAMPION COPPER COMPANY HOUGHTON, MICH., U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : Pounds, copper Income : Gross receipts. . . . 12,080,594 $1,802,530 17,225,508 $2,785,411 15,639,426 $1 962 729 19,224,174 $2 450 366 Expenses at mines Smelting, frt., mkt., and sell. ...... 1,047,524 121,548 1,304,043 167,549 1,280,156 138,881 1,269,249 168,638 Total $1 169 072 $1 471 592 $1 419 037 $1 437 887 Taxes and interest 128,691 62,199 89,103 73,273 Net profit Mine and mill: Tons hoisted Tons stamped Per cent, waste hoisted Mineral produced, pounds Yield rock pounds Per cent, rock $504,767 437,797 421,849 3.6 19,251,470 28.64 1 432 $1,251,619 804,994 765,306 4.9 28,460,500 22.510 1 1254 $454,588 787,416 734,392 6.7 26,137,007 21.296 1 0648 $939,205 778,702 722,051 7.2 30,508,690 26.62 1 331 Price received, copper, cents Cost per ton stamped (calculated) :. . . Mining Milling Transportation General expenses 14.89 $1.62 .28 .14 .47 16.16 $1.244 .202 .137 .141 12.54 $1.28 .23 .137 .115 12.74 $1.35 .215 .138 .071 Less rents received .03 .019 .020 .019 Total working cost Smelt., frt., mkt. and general $2.48 .29 $1.704 .22 $1.743 .19 $1.758 .234 Total Taxes $2.77 .30 1.924 .081 1.933 .121 1.992 .101 Total, including taxes $3 07 $2 005 $2 054 o f)Q3 Cost of min., trans., and stamp per ton treated $1 62 $1 68 SI 74 Cost min., etc., per ton incl. tax and ext. exp $1 79 $1 86 $1 86 Cost per pound (cents) : Mining expense Construction Taxes. 7.01 1.65 1 05 7.22 .35 39 7.87 .32 CO 6.53 .07 00 Smelting, freighting and selling 1.00 .92 .86 .87 Total 10 71 8 88 9 63 7 R% Development : Total shaft sinking, ft Total drifting, ft Total cross-cutting, ft 263 4778 83 429 9,343 1,209 686 9,746 1,334 912 12,262 1,145 See also Appendix, page 356 88 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD COPPER RANGE CONSOLIDATED CO. HOUGHTON, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Company owns one-half Champion, all of Baltic and all of Trimountain. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production and profit : Copper production, pounds Total profit Baltic Total profit Champion Total profit Trimountain 18,767,359 $230,212 252,383 113,363 28,967,428 $697,394 625,809 308,472 29,310,579 $530,215 227,294 60,370 32,856,692 $767,939 469,602 32,250 Grand total profit Mines: Production Baltic copper, pounds $595,958 7,736,124 $1,631,676 13,373,961 $817,879 15 370,449 $1,269,791 17 549 762 Production Champion copper, pounds. . Production Trimountain copper, pounds Average yield all mines copper 6,040,297 4,990,938 25.24 8,612,754 6,980,713 21.07 7,819,713 6,120,417 20 87 9,612,062 5,694,868 23 32 Cost per pound, cents 11.71 10.51 9.74 8.78 CONSOLIDATED STATEMENT OF COPPER RANGE (ALL THREE COMPANIES) 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production and profit : Production copper, pounds 24,852,026 $3,707,091 2,652,580 201,233 37,584,647 $6,071,095 3,648,730 164,157 37,130,292 $4,655,647 3,447,099 163,373 42,468,754 $5,413,845 3,490,741 179,209 Income Min exp , smelt., frt., mkt Taxes $853,278 17,046 $2,258,207 103,775 $1,045,174 53,531 $1,743,894 75,176 Net from C.R.R.R Total income $836,232 345,699 $2,361,982 709,801 $1,098,705 294,145 $1,819,062 518,204 General expense and ^ Champion Net income $490,533 984,287 25.24 14.89 $1,692,5661 1,784,402 21.07 16.16 $804,561 1,779,072 20.87 12.54 $1,300,857 1,820,769 23.32 12.74 Mine: Tons stamped Yield, pounds Price copper, cents 1 After profit $40,385 from Atlantic Mining Co. Remarks. The Copper Range Consolidated Company owns the stock of the Baltic Mining Co., all the stock of the Trimountain Mining Co., and one-half the stock of the Champion Copper Company. The company also owns and operates the Copper Range R.R. During the year 1912 the Atlan- tic Mining Co. was acquired and earned $40,385 mostly from operations of its stamp mill. The Champion, Baltic and Trimountain mines all operate on the Baltic lode. These are contiguous. For detailed costs see data on the separate companies. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." MICHIGAN 89 THE ISLE ROYALE COPPER CO. OF N. J. HOUGHTON, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : Copper . 4,158,548 8,186 957 7,490 120 7 567 399 Income : Gr. val. cop $635,068 $1,357,510 $949,029 $957 017 Gr. val. sil 14,878 $38,126 $20,336 $23 216 Total $649 946 $1 395 636 $969 365 $980 233 Total expenditures $778,259 965,591 790,825 869,868 Oper. profit ($128,313) $430 045 $178 540 $110 364 Mine and mill: Rock broken, tons (loss) 564 410 610 080 Rock discarded, per cent 19 14 6 Rock hoisted, tons 371 774 622 485 562 890 608 230 Per cent, discarded 15 4 14 7 18 7 14 3 Rock stamped, tons Lbs. mineral production Per cent. ref. copper in mineral. Lbs. refined copper per ton, per cent. Price rec'd for cop., cents Cost per pound : At mine 314,679 5,887,000 70.64 13.2 15.27 16 07 531,105 11,461,410 71.43 15.4 16.6 10 01 457,440 10,339,171 72.44 16.4 12.67 8 97 520,860 10,433,060 72.53 14.5 12.65 9 75 Construction, 73 20 25 16 Exploratory & equip, shaft "A" Unwatering old workings .28 .10 .20 .08 .07 06 .33 Smelt., freight, commission, etc. Interest paid 1.53 .10 1.31 09 1.21 29 1.26 34 Total cost, cents Cost per ton stamped (calculated) : Tot. min. trans., stamp and taxes. Smelt., frt., comm., eastern office. Construction 18.81 $2.12 .203 13 11.89 $1.54 .20 03 10.85 $1.47 .20 04 11.84 $1.42 .18 no Exploration and equipment... . .0131 .01 .02 .05 Total $2 47 $1 78 $1 73 $1 67 General : Shaft sinking, feet 941 on 7 Driftg. and cross-cutting 19 106 1 *) 3fifi I C Q1Q Depth, feet 3,162 3,162 1 Includes unwatering Huron Mine. See also Appendix, page 356 90 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD LAKE COPPER COMPANY LAKE MINE, ONTONAGON COUNTY, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Apr. 30 1913 Production : Copper, refined, pounds 1,300,562 Income : Gross value production $219,442 Total receipts $224,156 Expenses 236,588 Operating loss ., $12,432 County taxes 18,439 $30,871 New construction 21,570 Total excess expenses over receipts $52,441 Mine and mill: Tons rock stamped, tons 83,109 Mineral produced, pounds 1,982,080 Mass produced, pounds 171,048 Total mineral and mass, pounds 2,153,128 Pounds mineral, per ton, rock stamped 25 . 907 Copper, per ton, stamped, per cent 60.382 Pounds copper, per ton, stamped 15.64 Average price per pound 16 . 87 Cost per ton (calculated) : Mining $2 . 52 Smelting, freight, marketing and general .32 Taxes .22 Total $3.06 Cost per pound: Not including construction 19 . 5ji Development, feet 5439 See also Appendix, page 356 MICHIGAN 91 MOHAWK MINING COMPANY CALUMET, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : Copper, pounds Income : Gross recpts ; Exp. at mines Smelt., ref., mkt. and all exp. . 5,778,235 $887,618 601,890 67,263 11,995,598 $1,929,428 1,159,851 104,326 12,091,056 $1,527,107 1,128,333 97,989 11,412,066 1,493,817 1,149,883 101,482 Total expenses Construction $669,154 94,6251 $1,264,177 8,815 $1,226,322 31,279 $1,251,365 54,368 Net profit Mine and mill : Tons hoisted Tons discarded $123,839 395,100 28,642 $656,435 868,641 80,700 $269,506 902,859 100,311 $188,083 906,243 103,886 366,458 787,941 802,548 802,537 8,018,000 15,901,500 15,760,700 15,013,500 Per cent. cop. in mineral 72.06 15.76 75.44 . 15.22 76.71 15.07 76.01 14.22 Per cent, rock discard Price rec'd. for copper Cost per ton (calculated):* Mining Transportation 7.2 15.36ff $1.01 .12 9.29 16.08^ $.959 .121 11.11 12.63ff $.92 .121 11.46 13.09^ $.945 .119 Rock house .08 .086 .075 .08 Milling .29 .222 .219 .204 General .13 .082 .074 .083 Total per ton stamped Total per ton hoisted Total stamp incl. smelt $1.64 $1.53 $1.47 $1.34 $1.60 $1.406 $1.294 $1.53 $1.433 $1.267 $1.56 Cost per pound: At mine . . . 10.42 9.67^ 9.33f< 10.076f5 Smelting, etc Construction 1.16 1.641 .87 .07 .81 .259 .889 .476 Total Miscellaneous :. Development, feet Stoping fathoms 13.22^ 5,736 lo.eijf 15,402 48,887 10.399jS 15,458 49,249 11.441^ 14,978 52,401 Yield cop. per ton hoisted, Ib. . 14.62 13.81 13.39 12.59 * Does not incl. construction smelting or freight. 1 Of this $27,653 was strike expense. Remarks. The main development is confined to the Kearsarge Lode. The property is opened by six shafts all inclined following the lode from the surface. The vein varies from 15 to 18 ft. in width and dips about 42 deg. The deepest shaft is approx. 2200 ft. All shafts are connected by drifts. The method of mining is overhead stoping. The copper occurs in the native state in the amygdaloid. Rock is treated at the Mohawk mill, composed of four heads 800 tons. The mills located at Gay Michigan, 9 miles from the mine. Concentrates are treated at the Michigan Smelting Co., 25 miles from the mill. Mine, mill and smelter are connected by rail. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." 92 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE MASS CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. MASS, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Production : Copper, pounds 2,045,006 1,326,898 Income : Total income . . . $349,354 $169,590 Expenses . $335,673 253,503 Balance working profit $13,681 $83,913i Mine and mill: 180,613 99 362 Rock stamped tons 132,891 73,475 Mineral produced pounds . . 2 985,335 1,949,720 Refined copper produced pounds . . . 2,045,006 1,326,898 Percentage of mineral in rock .... 1.123 1.292 Percentage of copper in mineral .... 68.502 68.055 Pounds refined copper per ton, rock stamped Cost per ton stamped (calculated) : Mining and developing 15.39 $1.35 30 17.58 $1.852 41 35 .47 .175 .18 .028 .15 Insurance .028 .04 Taxes .06 .08 Smelting, brokerage freight on copper . . .145 .16 Interest . . .04 General eastern expense .... .084 .05 Total approximate working cost $2.520 16 35 $3.43 19.5 $21,100 "1 Expended on mill construction $10,647 / $25,551 (These are not included in above costs.) Development, feet 4,892 7,166 Price received, copper, cents 17.0205 12.76 i Working loss includes remodelling shafts and rock house, also heavy underground development. 2 Mining cost alone was $1.18. See also Appendix, page 357 MICHIGAN 93 OSCEOLA CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. CALUMET, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : Copper, pounds 11,325.010 18,413,387 18,388,193 19,346,566 Income : Gross value $1,774.810 $3,071,818 $2,371,373 $2,514,583 Total expenditures . 1,392.843 $1,908,530 $1,706,745 $1,813,279 57,281 Net profit Mine and mill: Rock broken $381,967 752,428 (i) $1,163,288 1,271,408(1) $664,628 1,276,790 $758,586 1,262,168 Per cent, discarded 2.310 (i) 1.955(0 2.365 3.522 Tons stamped . . 735,044 1,246,557 1,246,596 1,217,720 Lib. mineral 14,945,645 24,282,312 24,452,912 25,669,913 Lb. copper in mineral Per cent, copper in mineral. . . . Lb. per ton stamped 11,325,010 75.775 15.4 18,413,387 75.83 14.8 18,388,193 75.198 14.8 19,346,566 75.367 15.9 Cost per pound : At mine, excluding const Construction. 10.39 .77 8.34 0.95 7.73 0.49 8.04 .35 Smelting, freight, com 1.14 1.07 1.06 .98 Total cost per pound, cents. . Cost per ton treated (calculated) : Ming., trans., stamp and taxes. Construction. . . 12.30 $1.60 12 10.36 $1.23 .14 9.28 $1.14 .073 9.37 $1.28 .055 Smelting, frt., com. and eastern .18 .16 .157 .156 Total $1 90 $1 53 $1 37 $1 491 Price copper sold, cents 15.48 16.52 12.79 13.00 For 1912 and 1913 the figures are for rock hoisted. 94 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD OSCEOLA BRANCH 1913 1912 Rock treated, tons 177,908 115,564 Cost per ton $1 97 $1 65 Copper produced, pounds 1 952 010 1 479 642 Copper per ton of rock, pound 10 97 12 80 Cost per pound copper, excluding mill construction 20.79?! 14.55?! NORTH KEARSARGE BRANCH 1913 1912 Rock treated tons 300 903 672 248 Cost per ton $1 59 $1 25 Copper produced pound 4 369 000 8 611 720 Copper per ton of rock pound 14 52 12 81 Cost per pound copper, excluding mill construction 12.46*! 11.44f! SOUTH KEARSARGE BRANCH 1913 1912 256 233 458 745 Cost per ton $1.36 $1.04 5 004 000 8 322 025 19 53 18 15 Cost per pound copper, excluding mill construction 8. lit 6.79*! OSCEQLA CONSOLIDATED Remarks. Company owns four mines, i.e., Osceola, North Kearsarge, South Kearsarge and Tamarack Junior. Maximum depth developed 4623 ft. The Osceola property is opened by six shafts, 2 in use. A' very small proportion of rock is rejected. In 1912, despite increase in wages of 10 per cent., the cost per ton for seven months was 11 cents less than in 1909 when last operated. Electric power is used for pumping and crushing and in the shops. The North Kearsarge lode averages about 12 ft. in width. Copper values are bunchy, but average is fair. Deepest shaft 3873 ft. The South Kearsarge property has two main shafts, deepest is 2820 ft. Workings have practically reached the boundary. Tamarack Junior mine developed by two vertical shafts, deepest being 3360 ft. This property is not worked. In 1912, after two years' experience with various types of drills, the Leyner-Ingersoll drill was adopted, and these machines are being introduced as fast as possible. The results are an increase in the wages of the miners and a decrease in the cost of drifting and stoping. The Osceola operates its own mill located at Torch Lake. Plant is equipped with seven Nordberg compound stamps. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." MICHIGAN 95 QUINCY MINING COMPANY CALUMET, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : 12,184,128 20,634,800 22,252,943 22,517,014 Income : $1,900,365 $3,351,359 $2,831,799 $2,974,086 20,832 30,227 23,005 Total income Expenses $1,921,198 1,663,358 $3,381,587 2,291,913 $2,854,804 2,258,486 $2,974,086 2,248,215 Mining profit $257,840 $1,089,673 $596,319 $725,871 Int. recpt. real estate 18,929 15,245 17,859 28,732 Total $276,769 $1,104,918 $614,178 $754,603 Construction 172,774 110,049 106,581 111,910 Business profit $76,1601 $960,778 1 $507,596 $642,693 Tonnage : Sent to mill 804 645 1 309 253 Stamped 1,382,524 Hoisted 1 373 124 Pounds refined copper per ton 15.11 15.8 16.1 16.4 Pounds mineral produced 18,161,575 30,040,360 32,550,440 34,177,380 Price received for copper 16 24 >! 12 725f< Cost per ton for tons given (calculated) : Mining expense $1.462 $1 358 $1 292 $1 276 Opening mine expense. .143 204 161 159 Smelting, transportation, etc. .189 139 143 153 Taxes .099 048 036 .042 Construction .21 0848 077 .082 Strike exp .173 Total $2 28 $1 833 $1 709 $1 712 Cost per pound (approximate) : Mining 9 67 8 62f< 8 03f< 7 85f< Opening mine 95 1 29 1 03 975 Smelting, transportation, etc 1 25 88 89 985 Taxes 65 30 22 25 Strike 1 14 Total cost 13 69>f 11 09 ji 10 17) 9 98ff Cost including construction 15.08S 11.6 10.62?< 10.47jf After accident account. See also Appendix, page 357 96 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD SUPERIOR COPPER COMPANY HOUGHTON, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : Copper, Ibs 2,992,765 3,921,974 3,236,233 3,181,041 Income : $458,498 $646 771 $411 267 Miscl. receipts 20,478 26,261 19,617 Total income $478,977 $673,032 $430,884 Total expend 380,788 490,559 482,873 Oper. profit $98,189 $182,472 $51,989 Net after int $93 912 $172 873 $64 516 loss Mine and mill: Tons stamped 130,826 172,322 162,599 140,514 Lb. per ton stamped Cost per pound : At mine 22.87 10.31)5 22.76 10.23 19.90 12.01 22.64 11.88 Construction .39 .31 .89 .29 Smelt, freight and commission. Interest paid 2.02 .14 1.97 .24 2.02 .39 1.83 .29 Total cost per pound, cents. . Cost per ton treated (calculated) : Expenses at mine 12.86 $2.358 12.75 $2.33 15.31 $2.39 14.29 $2.69 Smelting, freight, etc .462 089 .45 07 .41 17 Total $2.909 $2.85 $2.97 General : Price reed, for copper, cents. . . Depth shaft No. 1, feet Depth shaft No 2, feet 15.387 16.45 2,014 1,341 12.70 1,763 1,210 12.63 Total sinking, feet 532 Total drifting and crosscutting, feet. 6,127 15,428 8,052 See also Appendix, page 358 MICHIGAN 97 TAMARACK MINING COMPANY OF MICHIGAN CALUMET, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : 4,168,743 7,908,745 7,494,077 11,063,606 Income : Received from copper $642,713 853 $1,300,238 $957,111 $805 $1,431,298 $3,737 Total $643,566 $1,300,238 $967,916 $1,435,035 Total expenditures 693,490 1,028,613 $1,151,115 $1,607,282 $49,924 $271,625 $193,198 $172,246 loss loss loss Mine and mill : Rock broken 478,674 674,380 Rock discarded, per cent 18 22.1 Rock hoisted, tons 230,677 428,568 422,081 571,393 Per cent, of discard 1.3 1.7 7.0 8.0 Tons stamped Pounds mineral Ref. copper per ton rock stamp 227,563 6,206,295 18.3 421,385 12,118,038 18.8 16 44 392,338 12,793,430 19.1 12 77 525,554 22,053,840 21.1 12 93 Cost per pound, cents : At mine, expense, construction Cost construction 15.35 00 approx. 11.90 00 14.07 .06 12.66 .57 Smelt., frt., comm., eastern office.. . . Interest paid. ... 1.25 .00 1.11 .14 1.23 .20 1.30 .17 Total costs, cents 16.60 13.15 15.56 14.70 Cost per ton treated (calculated) : Mining, trans., taxes and stamp, per ton. Smelt., frt., comm., eastern office.. . . New construction $2.81 .23 00 $2.23 .21 00 $2.69 .23 01 $2.67 .27 .12 Total $3 04 $2 44 $2 94 $3.06 Development, feet 1,113 2,646 8,912 5,501 See also Appendix, page 358 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD TRIMOUNTAIN MINING COMPANY HOUGHTON, MICH., U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : Pounds, copper Income : Gross receipts 4,990,938 $746,529 6,980,713 $1,132,718 6,120,417 $768,595 5,694,868 $728,206 Expenses at mine 552,767 713,546 632,848 602,389 Smelting, frt., mkt., sell 56,154 70,018 61,661 59,069 Total $608,922 $783,564 $694,509 $661,459 Taxes and interest 24,244 40,681 13,715 34,496 Net profit $113,363 $308,472 $60,370 $32,250 Mine and mill : 240,386 403 089 392 832 365 521 229,149 366 663 347 885 317 299 Per cent, waste hoisted 11.237 9.0 11.4 13.2 Mineral production, pounds . 8,546,070 12,417,575 10,705,685 9,598,900 Yield rock pounds 21.78 19 04 17 59 17 95 1.089 952 88 90 Price received, copper, cents 14.89 16.16 12.54 12.74 Cost per ton stamped (calculated) : $1.63 $1 42 $1 385 $1.495 Transportation . 13 112 112 .1135 Milling .27 .187 173 .177 General expenses .42 .251 .175 .1435 Less rents received .04 .0235 .0284 .0326 Total working costs $2 41 $1 946 $1 8191 $1.89 Smelt., frt., mkt. and general .24 .190 .177 .186 Total cost $2.65 $2.136 $1.9961 $2.076 Taxes .10 .110 .0394 .108 Total including taxes Cost of min. trans, and stamp per $2.75 $2.246 $1 77 $2.0355 $1 72 $2.184 $1.85 ton treated. Cost of min., etc., incl. taxes $2.06 $1.86 $2.00 Cost per pound (cents, calculated) : 9. 1 9.32 9.79 10.29 Construction 1.9 .90 .55 .29 Taxes .5 .59 .23 .61 Smelt., frt., sell., and general 1.1 .92 .98 .98 Total 12.62 11.73 11.55 12.17 Development : Total shaft sinking feet 343 263 525 872 Total drifting feet 4,468 7,746 7,842 8,728 Total cross-cutting, feet 272 401 344 752 Deficit. See also Appendix, page 359 MICHIGAN 99 VICTORIA COPPER MINING COMPANY VICTORIA, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Production : Copper, pounds 1,224,911 Income : Gross income, copper $202,169 Miscellaneous earnings 11,597 Total $213,766 Expenditures 213,338 Mining profit $428 Balance receipts over expenditures $36,420 1 Mine and Mill : Amount ground, stoped tons 6,448 Rock hoisted, tons 152,666 Rock discarded, tons 20,711 Rock stamped, tons 131,955 Mineral products, pounds 2,033,509 Pounds copper recovered per ton 9.3 Cost per ton stamped (calculated) : Working expense at mine Smelting, freight, marketing and office . Total working cost Cost per pound, cents Development, foot $1.44 .17 $1.61 17.3 4,870 1,303,331 $164,624 8,384 $173,008 170,808 $2,200 $62,349 5,437 145,764 18,870 126,894 2,128,245 10.2 $1.16 .19 $1.35 13.2 3,676 1 Expenditures over receipts. Remarks. Conditions at the Victoria property are much the same as at the other Michigan Copper mines, situated at Houghton or Calu- met. The copper occurs as native. Property is developed to twenty-third level. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see " Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." 100 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD WOLVERINE MINING COMPANY CALUMET, MICHIGAN, U. S. A. Year Ended June 30 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : Pounds refined copper Gross receipts Total expenses Mining profit Construction Net profit 8,350,312 $1,326,500 724,986 9,408,960 $1,327,030 713,850 9,617,168 $1,209,747 723,123 9,757,101 $1,294,199 720,394 $601,514 $613,180 $487,896 2,191 $573,805 2,939 $601,514 403,514 3.7 388,502 77.44 10,782,405 21.49 1.074 15.89j< $.995 .050 .400 .170 $613,180 414,544 3.19 401,308 77.35 12,164,780 23.45 1.172 14.10f< $.956 .049 .404 .171 $485,705 400,296 2.95 388,476 78.65 12,227,500 24.75 1.237 12.58 $.998 .053 .397 .193 $570,866 405,790 390,837 12,359,000 24.96 1.248 13.24jf $.940 .058 .389 .223 Tons hoisted Per cent, discard Tons stamped Per cent, copper in min Prod, mineral, pounds Yield per ton, pounds Per cent, copper yield Price rec'd for copper Cost per ton stamped (calcu- lated) : Mining Rock house Stamp mill General Cost per ton stamped Cost per ton hoisted Cost per pound: At mine Freight, smelt., etc Cost exlucs. constr Total cost $1.62 $1.53 7.550t 1.115 $1.58 $1.53 6.750(i .836 $1.64 $1.59 6.628f< .891 $1.61 $1.55 6.453?< .93 7.519 7.383 8.665j5 7.686* 22.70 7.542jf 24.02 7.413* 24.04 Yield cop. per ton hoisted, Ibs. Development: Sinking Drifting Stoping per fathom Ft. Cost Ft. Cost Ft. | Cost Ft. Cost 386 $16.67 3,894 6.21 25,097 7.83 541 $15.34 4,293 $6.12 25,845 $8.15 435 $17.15 4,638 5.92 26,140 8.06 191$18.52 4,949 5.99 25,439 8.33 See also Appendix, page 360 MONTANA BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE BUTTE CAMP Butte is the greatest copper-producing camp in the world. In normal years it turns out annually one-seventh of the world's total copper out- put. Mining was begun in the district in the early 60's. The camp was worked first for its gold placer deposits. This was followed by silver mining. In 1882 rich copper ores were encountered at a depth of a few hundred feet, and from that date on the camp became an active pro- ducer of the metal. To the close of 1912 it had turned out approximately 6,000,000,000 Ibs. of copper, while its silver production had exceeded 250,- 000,000 oz. The Butte veins, which are of the fissure vein type, occur in granite. The principal rock is a quartz-monzonite called the "Butte granite." This rock is cut by aplite dikes. Quartz-porphyry dikes are also closely asso- ciated with the veins. Separate periods of fissuring took place. The oldest veins run in an easterly and westerly direction. These are the principal lodes of the camp. Another series striking northwest and south- east have displaced the earlier lodes, while a third series in a northeasterly and southwesterly direction displaced the two earlier systems. The veins show great persistence in depth. The ore-bodies vary from a few feet up to 400 ft. in width (stock-work) and probably average from 10 to 30 ft. The ore-bodies are often continuous for over 1000 ft. in length. The principal copper ores found at Butte are chalcocite, enargite, bornite, chalcopyrite and covellite. In many of the veins, solid chalcocite or enargite occur over con- siderable widths. Chalcocite is now being encountered in the deepest levels of the camp. This ore, which is believed to be primary, is dense solid glance and differs from the soft chalcocite found in the secondary enrichment zone above. The Butte copper deposits are developed by a large number of vertical shafts. The maximum depth thus far obtained is 3200 ft. at the High Ore shaft of the Anaconda Company. A great number of shafts are between 2500 and 2800 ft. deep. The new Anaconda Company operates 22 shafts and over 13,000 tons of copper ore are hoisted daily. The total under- ground development of this company aggregates 1800 miles and approxi- mately 34 miles of new work is done annually underground. The method of mining generally employed in the Butte camp is square- setting. This expensive method contributes to the high cost of mining. 101 jG2 TUNING COSTS OF THE WORLD Also, the walls of the veins are soft and the ground is heavy, requiring con- stant timbering. Rock-filling is always used in the stopes. This is obtained from the exploring drifts and shafts. As a result of the heavy ground, laterals are driven parallel to the vein and crosscuts run to the lodes. This makes for high development expense. Montana pine and fir are used in timbering at a cost of $14 per thousand ft. After breaking the ore, a separation is made in the stopes into a smelting grade of 5 per cent, and over, and a concentrating grade of from 1\ per cent, to 3| per cent, copper per ton. Of the total Butte ore treated, approximately 10 per cent, is first-class and 90 per cent, second-class. Great improvements have been made in recent years in efficiency of operation, particularly by the Anaconda Company. Among these may be mentioned: Supplanting steam hoisting by compressed-air hoisting in centrally located shafts, the compressed air generated from electricity transmitted from hydro-electric plants; electric haulage underground; pumping by electricity; ventilation of the mines by fans and blowers elec- trically driven, thus applying cool and fresh air to the deep workings. In 1913 the Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway, connecting the Butte camp with the Washoe Reduction Works at Anaconda, was electrified. The labor cost at Butte is high, the men being paid $3.50 per day. An agreement, however, exists between the Anaconda Company and the men that when the price of electrolytic copper is 15 cents and over, and under 17 cents per pound, the wages of all men employed underground shall be increased 25 cents above the minimum wage of $3.50 per day, and an addi- tional 25 cents if copper is over 17 cents per pound. The Reduction Works, the Washoe and Great Falls plants, are located respectively at Anaconda and Great Falls, the former 26 miles and the latter 172 miles from Butte. The Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway connects the mines with the Washoe plant, and the Great Northern Railway, ex- tends from Butte to the Great Falls plant. Both of these reduction works are equipped with concentrators and smelting departments. The mill at Washoe, which is the larger plant, has a capacity of 12,000 tons per day. The method of treatment is direct-smelting for the high-grade ores, and concentration for the low-grade ores, with the smelting of concentrates in reverberatory furnaces and converting to blister copper. This is sent to the Atlantic seaboard for refining. The saving effected in concentration on the average milling ore is approxi- mately 78 per cent. The ratio of concentration is roughly 3| tons into one. The smelting departments are equipped with both reverberatory and blast furnaces. MONTANA 103 ANACONDA COPPER MINING COMPANY (Amalgamated Copper Company) BUTTE, MONTANA, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production (Anaconda and Great Falls Copper, pounds Silver, ounces Smefters): 1 270.301.644 2 10,321,296 64,898 $45,281,877 1,121,766 294,474,161 11,014,737 61,314 $52,275,260 703,251 259,407,093 9,731,561 48,949 $38,525,289 628,681 266,608,461 9,534,888 57,259 $32,277,063 711,114 Gold, ounces Income : Income, metal sales Other income Total income 46,403,643 35,080,145 52,978,511 37,122,177 39,153,970 31,110,251 32,988,177 27,267,275 Expenses Profit $11,323,498 4,644,201 7,243 $15,856,334 4,576,289 3,667 $8,043,719 3,844,070 4,602 $5,720,902 3,326,227 4,413 Mines (Anaconda) : Tons mined Tons precipitates Total tons 4,651,444 5,186,839 4,566,450 619,894 524 4,579,956 5,069,224 4,486,873 581,032 1,337 3,848,672 4,255,813 3,756,235 499,077 501 3,330,640 4,337,688 3,253,345 385,200 129 13,688 $3.80 .28 1.66 .69 .07 Reduction works (tons) : Treated dry company and custom. . From company's mines From custom ores Precipitates . Slimes Cost per ton (approximations) : 3 Mining incl. dev. per ton wet Trans, mines to reduct. plant wet. . Reduction expense per ton dry Frt. refining and sell, per ton dry . . Adm. e x. corp. and taxes per ton dry Dep. mines, plants and smelter Total cost $3.98 .31 1.68 .67 .05 .14 $3.69 .30 1.75 .74 .08 .20 $3.77 .32 1.82 .81 .07 $6.83 .38 $6.76 .95 $6.80 .85 $6.50 .69 Ore purchased and transportion exp. . Average price copper for year, E. and M. Journal. Average price, silver $7.21 15.26j! 59. 8i 35.3 3,841 $7.71 16.3ff 60.835>< 34.1 4,736 $7:65 12.376)f 53.304,5 30.7 3,711 $7.19 12.738^ 53.486f5 33.1 3,765 Development during year, miles Total shaft sinking, feet 1 Produced by company 241,983,323 Ibs. 2 Includes custom ore. 3 These are merely rough approximations calculated from data given. Cost Per Pound. It is impossible to give the actual cost of producing copper per pound. An approximate cost per pound can be obtained by getting the pounds copper recovered per ton and calculating from the cost per ton assuming credits from silver and gold production. The reports do not give the average price obtained for copper. 104 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD OPERATIONS FOR YEAR ENDING JUNE 1 Year Ended June 1 1913 1912 1911 Production : Gross yield $43,130 733 $38 277 753 $32 767 642 Total expenditures. . 31,683,832 27 752 023 27 670 211 Net proceeds Mine: Tons of ore mined $11,446,901 4,531,640 $10,525,729 4,319,994 $5,097,432 3,711,671 Yield per ton $9 517 $8 86 $8 82 Costs per ton mined: Mining $4 035 $3 70 $4 11 Reduction 1 875 1 67 2 13 Freight 300 31 32 Marketing, refining and selling . .779 74 89 Paid for labor Paid for machinery and supplies $6.989 $15,059,333 11,722,963 $6.41 $13,440,836 9,809,629 $7.35 $12,521,947 10,628,455 Freight 1 369 843 1 332 464 1 196 940 Marketing, refining and selling 3,531,692 3,168,993 3,322,867 Note. It is exceedingly difficult to obtain cost data on the Amalgamated- Anaconda properties, as it is against the policy of the management to make same public. It has been necessary to compute all figures on costs, and as the data from which these computations have been made, were limited and not of such a nature as to permit of giving exact results, the figures on "costs per ton" should be regarded as merely rough approximations. AMALGAMATED-ANACONDA PROPERTIES In 1910 the Anaconda Company absorbed the various Butte mining companies controlled by the Amalgamated Copper Co. The following companies were taken over: Boston & Montana Consolidated Copper & Silver Co. Butte & Boston Consolidated Mining Co. The Red Metal Mining Co. (Butte Coalition). Washoe Copper Co. Trenton Mining & Development Co. Parrot Silver & Copper Co. Alice Gold & Silver Mining Co. Diamond Coal & Coke Co. Big Blackfoot Lumber Co. Since the merging of the Butte companies, no reports have been issued on the respective properties. Remarks. The Anaconda Company at the time of the merger was one of the largest copper producers in the world, the production then being obtained from one mine only. For general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Butte Camp." MONTANA 105 DAVIS DALY COPPER COMPANY BUTTE, MONTANA, U. S. A. Period Ended June 30 1913 1912 Expe nditures : $279 855 $199,029 General expenses 17,568 41,638 Total $297,423 $240,667 Receipts : Ore sales, etc . $191,942 $106,299 7,029 Total $200 080 $113,329 $97 343 $127,338 Net returns 10 months $114,789 Tons treated . . 33,353 16,803 Cost per ton (approx.) : Mining $3.64 Development 2.44 Fixed 4.34 .25 Net returns per ton $8.67 $5.73 $10.71 $6.82 The following data is given on shipments. The period in question was from May 1 to Dec. 1, 1909. Tons shipped 15,698 Weight, pounds 30,613,998 Silver, ounces per ton 5 . 24 Returns $93,910 Net returns ' $44,819 Tons treated, dry 15,306 Per cent, copper, per ton 2 . 78 Ounces, gold per ton .0076 Treatment and freight $49,061- Remarks. The Davis Daly mine is developed to a depth of 1900 ft. Ore- bodies vary from 3 to 20 ft. wide. Company formerly sent ore to its own concentrator. The above returns are shipments sent to the Washoe Reduction Plant. The Davis Daly is still a development proposition. The figures given are of interest more as showing the value of the ore when treated in a custom plant rather than what the mine should do when operating under normal conditions. 106 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD EAST BUTTE COPPER COMPANY BUTTE, MONTANA Year Ended Dec. 31, 1913 Dec. 31, 1912 Mar. 31, 1912 Mar. 31, 1911 Production : Copper Ibs Ounces silver Ounces gold 14,401,108 506,897 8,803 14,709,460 370,675 16,920 12,167,363 396,524 17,959 11,417,409 432,218 13,119 Income : Gross value shipped Other income $2,471,551 174,016 $2,841,204 314,271 $2,184,758 $1,904,514 Total income 2,645,568 $3,155,475 $2,184,758 $1,904,514 Costs and custom ore purchases . Miscellaneous operations 1,821,054 60,057 $1,821,059 54,678 $1,728,563 $1,635,863 Surplus on operations Int. and equipment $764,455 232,,683 $1,279,737 296,037 $456,194 199,550 Net surplus on operations Mine : Tons mined wet $531,772 105 071 $983,700 99 458 $256,643 95 910 $268,651 85 876 Average per cent, copper 5.16 5.78 5.62 5.51 Tons Co. ore treated dry 101 924 96 601 95 910 Tons custom ore treated dry 84 891 85 173 47 135 Total ore treated 186 815 181,774 143 045 Cost per ton (treated) : Mining, treatment, freight, sell, ref. and cost custom ore pur- chased. Mining cost per ton, incl. devel. . Milling cost (est.) $9.75 $5.08i $10.01 $4.88 .65 $12.08 4.14 Not available Cost per pound 11 04 9 698^ 9 46^ 9 91^ Miscellaneous : Development. . . . 2710 7130 ft 7865 ft 4639 ft Of tonnage mined First-class tons 71 569 72 865 65 038 Grade, per cent, copper 6 31 6 98 6 9 Second-class tons . . . 33,502 26,593 30 872 Grade, per cent, copper 2 7 2 48 2 86 Prices received metals : Copper. . . . 15 085 16 692$* 13 21fi 12 35ff Silver Gold 59 . 246 $20.00 61.482>i $20.00 51.016?! $20.00 53.603?" $20.00 1 Cost of mining as compared with other years was $4.75, the extra cost being for greater development. See also Appendix page 360 MONTANA 107 NORTH BUTTE MINING CO. BUTTE, MONTANA, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production : Pounds copper Ounces silver Ounces gold Income : Total receipts Expenses Net profits Mine: Dry tons treated Of which first class ore was Of which second class ore was Aver, fine cop. per dry ton. . . . Price rec'd for copper Credit Gold and Silver : Total expenses Less value Au and Ag Cost per ton; Mining and development Freight on ore Smelting, refining, selling Construction Total mining cost 28,318,321 1,602,163 1,567 $5,182,674 $3,744,896 26,480,123 1,377,468 1,367 $5,120,321 3,449,603 24,816,669 1,134,300 1,281 $3,752,160 $3,110,302 25,267,092 988,190 1,195 $3,790,991 $3,230,103 $1,437,777 462,799 26 . 8 % 73 . 2 % 15.08<3j< $3,744,896 980,823 $1,670,718 434,854 10.7% 89.3% 60.8 Ib. 16.369*5 $3,449,603 893,569 $641,858 410,694 6.6% 93 . 4 % 60.51b. 12.561f $3,110,300 634,850 $560,888 408,528 9.3% 90.7% 61.91b. 12.771* $3,179,151 562,515 $2,764,073 $3.967 .120 3 . 903 $2,556,033 $4.2480 .1202 3.4636 .0486 $2,475,450 $3.7989 .1203 3.3614 .0177 $2,616,635 $3.7094 .1202 3 . 6300 .0154 7.990 .101 7.8804 .0509 7.2983 .1019 7.4750 .0968 General expense, including income and personal taxes. Total cost Cost per pound; Min. and dev Freight on ore $8.091 $.06484 .00196 .06378 $7.9313 $ .06977 .00197 . 05689 .0008 $7.4002 $.06434 .00204 .05693 .00029 $7.5718 $.06164 .00200 .06032 .00025 Cone., smelt., frt., ref. and sell Construction Total mining cost Genl. disb., incl. inc. and personal taxes. Total cost Less value gold and silver Total Miscellaneous: Grade ore reserved copper, silver Development, feet $.13058 .00165 . 12943 .00083 . 12360 .00173 . 12421 .00161 . 13223 .03463 . 13026 .03374 . 12533 .02558 . 12582 .02226 $.09760 $.09652 4.5%4.5oz 18,140 $.09975 4.5%4.25oz 17,700 $.10356 19,449 See also Appendix, page 361 108 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD TUOLUMNE COPPER MINING COMPANY BUTTE, MONTANA, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 Production : Copper pounds received after smelting deducted 1,880 514 Silver, ounces 77,571 Gold, ounces 140 Gross value copper, gold and silver Freight and smelter charges $739,196 323,667 Net after freight and smelting $200,217 $415,528 Interest 3 139 Total $200 217 $418 667 Expenses at mine 233 222 281 250 Net profit ... $30,625 $137 417 Tons mined Tons 1st class Tons 2nd class Total pounds copper Total ounces silver (Loss) 34,276 930 33,346 2,633,651 109,705 46,683 14,011 32,672 4,716,047 131,867 Average copper per cent, for year Average silver ounces for year Cost per ton at mine : Mining and development 3.84 3.2 $6 24 1 5.05 2.83 $4 02 Timber, fuel, supplies, etc 1 40 General expense 42 .23 Equipment and construction .14 .36 Total $6.80 $6.01 Development, feet 3,913 3,354 Depth sunk, feet 412 205 1 Including timber, fuel, supplies, etc. Remarks. This is one of the smaller and newer copper properties at Butte. Holdings consist of one fractional claim of 6 acres. Adjoins North Butte and is working the extension of the Jessie Vein in that property. Mine is developed to 2240 ft. Property said to contain three veins. General con- ditions are the same as North Butte. Ore, which is of two kinds, first and second class, is shipped to Anaconda and concentrated and smelted. This is one of the few copper properties at Butte not owned by the Anaconda. MONTANA 109 BUTTE & SUPERIOR COPPER CO., LTD. BUTTE, MONTANA, U. S. A. Period, month of March: 1913 Tons ore treated 20,140 Per cent, zinc 20.9838 Tons concentrates 7071 . 89 Grade concentrates 46 . 067 Ratio concentration : 2 . 848 into 1 Profit (approximate) $60,000 Price spelter, pound 6ji Value 46 per cent, concentrates per ton, Butte 1 $31 .40 Value 46 per cent, concentrates per ton, Bartlesville $23.40 Costs per ton concentrate : Freight $7.00 Allow moisture 1^00 $8.00 Value per ton concentrates : Value per ton crude ore 8.21 Residues r equal to $2 per ton of concentrates .70 Lead cone. ' Total value $8.91 Cost per ton: Mining $2.907 Milling 2.880 Total ' $5.933 Profit per ton $2 . 98 The above costs are not representative of the property. The period given is one during the equipment stage, and with but one unit of the concentrator in commission. Remarks. Although situated in Butte, a copper camp, the Butte & Superior 'property is one of the country's largest zinc producers. Mine is developed by shaft to 1600-ft. level. Black Rock vein has been de- veloped for entire length of claim disclosing practically continuous ore- body varying from a few feet to over 100 ft. wide. The ore is sphalerite or zinc sulphide, carries high values in silver and low percentage iron, making it an unusually desirable product. Mine is equipped for minimum capacity of 1500 tons a day. Mill is 1200 tons nominal capacity. The entire plant may develop 1400 tons. Ore is concentrated, tables, classifiers and jigs i being used. The tailings are re-ground and treated by flotation process. I An extraction of 90 per cent, has been made. Concentrates are shipped i to Bartlesville, Okla., for smelting. 1 The company receives $28 for 50 per cent, concentrate at 5jf spelter and $35 at 6j5 with a deduction of QQ a unit for each per cent, below 50. For more recent operations, see Appendix, page 399 MISSOURI CONTINENTAL ZINC COMPANY JOPLIN, Mo., U. S. A. Production 1911 | 1910 | 1909 j 1908 Tons crude ore hoisted. 173,000 152,164 108,728 83,603 Tons concentrates recovered 4,663 4,331 3,048 2,029 Cost per ton crude : Mining Milling General expense $.604 .221 .050 .672 .224 .055 .802 .258 .055 .800 .272 .058 $.875 $.951 $1.115 $1.130 These figures do not include amortization charge or royalty and merely represent operating and maintenance. The amortization charge would be about 15 cents per ton of crude ore hoisted. (Above data by L. D. Huntoon.) The cost of mining distributed departmentally for the best years' opera- tions are about as follows: Drainage 3 i per ton. Drilling and breaking ground (including explosives) 34 i per ton. Shovelling and tramming 20 i per ton. Caging and hoisting 4 i per ton. Total mining Milling General expenses Total operating Amortization of mining and milling. 61 i per ton. 21 ^ per ton. 5 i per ton. 87 i per ton. 7 i per ton. Total 94 i per ton. Character of Sheet Ground in the Joplin District. There is no develop- ment work of any consequence necessary in this operation, as it consists of mining the sheet or blanket formation about 18 ft. thick at a depth of about 210 ft. below the surface with about 10 per cent, of the area and volume left in the shape of pillars to support the roof. Practically no timbering is re- quired and the ramifications of the ore-body are very simple. The rock is very hard and is very difficult drilling ground, requiring lots of powder to break. The water pumped from the mine is strongly acid, making some additional cost for pumping and in milling operations. Outside of these two 110 MISSOURI 111 disadvantages, however, there is very little that could be desired to make more favorable mining conditions. Remarks. The mines of the Continental Zinc Co. are readily accessible. The character of the ore-bodies are sheet or blanket formation dipping 1 per cent. The widths of the ore-bodies are 500 to 800 ft. The ores are spha- lerite and galena in chert. The mines are not deep, the shafts varying from 210 to 220 ft. in depth. The method of mining is large opening with pillars 15 ft. in diameter and about 40 to 50 ft. apart. The amount of water pumped is 250 gal. per minute (strongly acid). The method of treatment is wet concentration. (Above Data by J. L. Bruce.) ZINC ISSUES COMPANY Mines at Neck City, Mo., Duenweg, Mo., Galena, Kas., Miami, Okla. Production, 19 12: Tons ore milled : 144,780 / 7,448 zinc Tons concentrates produced < _ 4Q ^ , Ratio of concentration, 17.3 into 1 Per ton Total value of concentrates $436,935 $51 . 68 Zn $55.28Pb Zn Fe Approximate assay zinc concentrates. 57 per cent. 2. 5 per cent Mining and milling costs vary according to local conditions from $1 .25 to $2 . 50 per ton of ore. Note. Nearly all properties in this district are operated on a royalty basis. Royalties range from 5 per cent, to 25 per cent. 112 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD REPRESENTATIVE COSTS, WEBB CITY DISTRICT WEBB CITY, MISSOURI, U. S. A. Below we give cost data of two typical mines of the Webb City zone in the southwest Missouri zinc district. A. Operating Conditions. Ore face is 25 to 35 ft. in height, with ore disseminated through hard flint and limestone; the pumping is 400 gallons per minute; a gas engine drives the mill, while steam is used for the compres- sor, pump and hoist. The costs are for a six months period, with an average daily tonnage of 185 tons. The cost is divided as follows: Cost per ton : Labor ' $0. 398 Explosives 0. 120 Hard iron supplies . 089 Fuel gas . 124 Oil and waste 0.015 Fire insurance . 005 Liability insurance 0.014 Interest on investment. .. . 0.019 Total operating expense $0 . 784 Amortization charge 0. 112 Grand total $0 . 896 B. Operating Conditions. This mine has ore faces in hard flint, 18 ft. high; does no pumping; gas engines drive both mill and compressor. The costs are for a six months period during which time 179 tons of rock were handled daily. The cost is divided as follows : Cost per ton : Labor $0.502 Explosives 0. 131 Hard iron supplies . 120 Fuel gas . 073 Oil and waste 0.012 Fire insurance . 004 Liability insurance 0.017 Interest 6 per cent, on investment 0.017 Total operating expense $0 . 876 Amortization charge . 106 Grand total $0.982 Data by T. F. Lennan, Webb City, Mo. MISSOURI 113 FOUR ZINC MINES OF JOPLIN, MO., DISTRICT MISSOURI, U. S. A. Following are four mines slightly different in character and working under different conditions. The costs cover a period of six months and may be taken as representative. No. 1. Mine classed as soft ground, disseminated deposit. Drifts 12 ft. to 14 ft. high. Roof soft requiring heavy timbering; 2-in. pump handles water. Calculated life of mine three years with production of 95 tons per day. CASH OUTLAY LOST WHEN MINE IS FINISHED Loss on mill $6,600 Hardware and supplies 098 Cost of shafts 3,200 Fuel 085 Preliminary work 1,800 Oil and waste 012 Drilling 2,000 Fire insurance 005 Liability insurance 015 $13,600 Interest 026 Costs per ton : Supt $ .021 $ .875 Surface labor 157 Loss on cash outlay 159 Mine labor 34 Explosives 049 $1.034 Timber 067 With zinc selling at average price of $41.70 per ton, the grade of ore would have to be as follows for the mine to break even: When no royalty is charged, 2.4 per cent. zinc. When 10 per cent, royalty is charged, 2.7 per cent. zinc. When 20 per cent, royalty is charged, 3.0 per cent. zinc. No. 2. Disseminated ore lease on 10 acres. Face of drifts 25 ft. to 35 ft. Five-inch pump needed to handle mine water. Mill capacity 200 tons per 10-hour day. Drilling has shown mine will last 4 years at the above rate. CASH OUTLAY LOST WHEN MINE IS FINISHED Mill $14,500 Iron and supplies 089 Two shafts 6,600 Fuel 124 Preliminary work 3,000 Oil and waste 015 Drilling 2,000 Fire insurance 005 Liability insurance 014 $26,100 Interest 019 Costs per ton: Supt $ .009 .784 Surface labor 147 Loss on cash outlay 112 Underground labor 242 Explosives 12 $ 896 This mine would have to make the following saving to break even : When paying 10 per cent, royalty, 2.5 per cent, zinc ore. When paying 20 per cent, royalty, 2.8 per cent, zinc ore. 8 114 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD No. 3.' This is a sheet ground mine with 16 ft. face of ore. The ore is made up of 4 tons zinc to 1 ton lead. Mill has capacity of 203 tons per 10- hour shift. Life of mine is 5 years. CASH OUTLAY LOST WHEN MINE IS FINISHED Cost of two shafts $9,800 Iron and supplies 162 Preliminary work 4,000 Fuel 083 Mill 16,500 Oil and waste 014 Drilling 1,620 Fire insurance 004 Liability insurance 016 $31,920 Interest 019 Costs per ton : Supt $ .01 $ .958 Surface labor 176 Loss cash outlay 101 Underground labor 337 Explosives .137 $1 . 059 The following grades of ore would be required to break even. No royalty to be paid, 2.4 per cent, zinc ore. 10 per cent, royalty to be paid, 2.6 per cent, zinc ore. 20 per cent, royalty to be paid, 2.9 per cent, zinc ore. No. 4. This is a sheet ground mine with 18-ft. face of ore. Ore is 2 tons zinc to 1 ton lead. No pumping. Mill capacity 179 tons per shift. Life of mine 5 years. ' CASH OUTLAY LOST WHEN MINE IS FINISHED Cost of two shafts $8,600 Iron and supplies 12 073 012 004 017 .017 Preliminary work 4,500 Fuel Drilling Mill 1,800 12,500 Oil and waste Fire insurance Costs per ton : Supt Surface labor Underground labor Explosives. . . $27,400 $ .012 16 33 .131 Interest Loss cash outlay ... . .876 .106 $ .982 To break even the following grade ores would be required : With 10 per cent, royalty, 2.4 per cent. ore. With 20 per cent, royalty, 2.7 per cent. ore. The calculations in mines 3 and 4 are based upon zinc at $41.70 and lead at $59.13 per ton which is an average over a period of 5 years. (This data by W. A. Christy.) MISSOURI FEDERAL LEAD COMPANY FLAT RIVER, MISSOURI, U. S. A. 115 Cost per ton of ore $ 12 04 Ore breaking 46 Mine to mine-bins .23 Mine-bins to mill .04 Milling .22 General expense .14 Total $1.25 The above data given by H. A. Guess. Remarks : Ore occurs more or less horizontally disseminated in lime- stone formation at depths of only a few hundred feet below the surface. Thickness varies from 6 to 75 feet. Pillars are left in mining. Prospect- ing done entirely by drilling. Cost varies from 50 to $1 per foot. Ores are concentrated. The flotation process is now used on tailings. Concen- trates are smelted at plants near St. Louis. THE ST. JOSEPH LEAD CO. RIVERMINES, Mo. Year ending April 30, 1914. Net profit from operations St. Joe Lead Co. $906,853. The Doe Run Lead Co., $1,073,668. Total for Consoli- dated Companies $2,240,132. Net after income charges $1,583,938. Total production 114,971,751 Ibs. of dry concentrates containing 75,824,944 Ibs. or 37,912 tons of metallic lead. The following operating results were obtained: Bonne Terre Leadwood District District Mill crushed tons 475,133 489,745 Lbs. lead produced 33,041,587 42,782,357 Yield per ton 69 . 53 87 . 3 Cost per ton Mining 86.5*i 78 Milling 35.38j< 29.92f< Rr. and Freight 6. 18 4A5 Total $1.28 $1.1237 Tons mined per acre 70,641 56,072 NEVADA FLORENCE GOLDFIELD MIN. CO. GOLDFIELD, NEVADA Year ended Dec. 31 1911 1910 1909 Total gross Tons milled Average value Mill saving, per cent Tons shipped $252,821 48,847 $6.10 83.96 $552,051 52,027 $11.38 92.11 $641,030 34,824 $18.42 92.12 173 86 Average value $287 54 Costs per ton: Mining Development Milling Marketing General expense Taxes $1.242 1.744 2.595 .047 .381 .080 $1.491 1.688 2.985 .904 .425 .127 $4 . 387 3.861 3.590 $6.089 $7.620 $11.838 See also Appendix, page 361. ROUND MOUNTAIN MINING CO. ROUND MOUNTAIN, NEVADA, U. S. A. Year Ended Mar. 31 1912 1911 1910 Production Total oper. cost Mill : Net profit Tons ore milled $342,996.62 $268,166.44 $74,830.18 54,915 $302,680.29 $218,367.51 $84,312.78 36,252 $393,305.59 $200,500.08 $194,049.25 33,860 Ave value recov $6 24 $8.34 $11.63 Mill recovery, per cent 88 89.64 Profit per ton Costs per ton : Mining Development Milling $1.36 $2.00 .90 1.16 $2.32 $2.39 1.47 1.28 $5.713 $2.318 1.738 1.51 Bullion tax and expense General expense .07 .32 .13 .34 .353 $4.45 31 $5.61 $5.919 Litigation. . . .20 .56 Miscell. earnings $4.96 .08 $6.17 .15 Total $4.88 $6.02 See also Appendix, page 361 116 NEVADA 117 GOLDFIELD CONSOLIDATED M. CO. GOLDFIELD, NEVADA, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 Total production $7,652,045.63 $10,163,127.46 $10,273,934.17 Net profit $4,886,399.55 $7,526,846.04 $7,347,691.81 Mill: 415,786 330,062 265,352 $19.77 $32 . 08 $40.72 18.40 30.74 38.50 Average recovery, per cent Costs per ton ore : $3 39 95.51 $3 35 94.54 3.86 .08 .09 .14 Milling 1.61 1.89 2.11 Concentrate treated .38 .38 .31 Marketing concentrates Marketing bullion .13 .07 .74 .15 .83 .23 Marketing shipping ore General exp. office, legal, etc Bullion tax .19 .45 .13 .05 .55 .38 .34 .89 .49 .08 .08 Total $6.51 $7 66 $9.20 Miscellaneous earnings .07 .11 .18 $6.44 $11 96 $7.55 $23 19 $9.02 $29 48 Less construction etc .21 42 1 95 Net per ton ore Feet development $11.75 48,146 22.77 46,739 $7 51 27.53 $9 05 Ave. dutv t>er stamp, tons. . . 9.44 TOTALS: PRIOR TO 1908 TO 1912 INCLUSIVE Tons Average value Total gross 1,428,839 $37.82 $54,036,347 TOTALS: NOV. 1, 1908, TO DEC. 31, 1912 Tons Ave. recovered per ton Ave. total costs Ave. net per ton 1,207,681 $28.85 $8.32 $20.53 See also Appendix, pages 362 and 399 118 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD MONTANA-TONOPAH MINING CO. TONOPAH, NEVADA, U. S. A. Year Ended Aug. 31 Year Ended Aug. 31 1912 1911 1910 Production $779 732 $659 912 26 $650 405 11 Expenses . $502 054 488 830 79 515 689 71 Profit. $277,678 171 081 47 134 715 40 Mill: Tons ore milled Ave. value recovered. . . . 53,874 $13 808 59,092 $12 66 50,245 $12 94 Profit per ton Gross val. of ore Val. in tails Mill extraction, per cent $ 5.15 $15.341 $ 1.533 90.0 $ 3.28 $ 1.35 90 7 $ 2.68 $15.22 $ 1.43 90 8 Costs per ton milled : Mining $ 2 976 $ 3 36 3 414 Development 1 427 1 55 1 814 Gen. expense Shipping and selling Genl. maintenance Milling Indirect charges 1.431 1.776 1.201 2.96 .548 1.38 3.09 .543 .054 .296 3.734 .408 Tons concentrates $ 9.319 710 93 $ 9.38 882 09 $10.263 1 076 6 Gross value per ton Pounds bullion shipped , Average fineness, gold Average fineness, silver $387.10 $303.66 39,028 $253 . 52 39,981 11.6 890.6 10 076 9 932 902.2 10 681 Average cost per ft $5 23 $6 14 $6 255 Diamond drill cost per ft $3 95 Mineral cont of ore, gold. 206 oz Mineral cont. of ore, silver. 21 139 oz Mineral cont. in tails, gold Mineral cont. in tails, silver .0146 oz. 2.168 oz. Remarks. The mine is developed by shaft to depth of 765 ft. (1910). The veins are fissures. The ore is quartz carrying gold and silver-bearing pyrites; also, native gold and silver sulphides. The mill has 40 stamps. Each stamp has a capacity of 3.92 tons per 24 hours. The ore is concentrated, re-ground in tube mills, and cyanided by agitation. NEVADA 119 NEVADA HILLS MINING CO. FAIRVIEW, NEVADA, U. S. A. Year ended Dec. 31 1913 9 mo., 1912 1911 2 $510,413 59 $726,664.52 4,165.56 4,485.01 Total $514,579.15 $713,149.53 $293,043 Operating expenses 337,613.31 292,239.87 Operating profit Depreciation fund $176,965.84 195,000.00 $438,909.66 120,000.00 $18 034 16 1 $318,909.66 Mill: Tons milled . . 41,919 29,976 10,948 Gross value per ton Recovered per ton Ave. mill recy., per cent Loss in tails per ton $13.776 12.176 88.3 1.60 $26.84 24.24 90.2 $2.60 $27.03 24.02 88.86 3.01 Costs per ton: Stoping \ $3 810 $1 76 1 71 Development 2 07 2 30 Moving dump ore 12 45 Milling 2 839 3 07 4 88 Marketing products General expense Interest Bullion tax Property tax .598 .795 1.03 .71 .63 .21 .04 1.31 1.09 1.41 .15 .04 Miscl. earnings $8 . 033 099 $9.64 15 $13.43 06 Current construction $7.934 .021 $9.49 .11 $13.37 Total costs. . . $7.955 $9 60 Operating profit per ton 4.221 14 64 10 65 Depreciation 4.652 4.00 Net profit per ton Development .4311 $10.64 5,866 ft. 1 Loss. 2 Period Sept. 10, 1911, to Jan. 13, 1912. Milling operations did not commence until Sept., 1911. See also Appendix, page 362 120 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD TONOPAH-BELMONT DEVELOPMENT CO. TONOPAH, NEVADA Year Ended Feb. 28 1913 1912 1911 Revenue Expenses $2,940,612 1,160,912 1,779 700 $3,271,588 1,469,507 1 802,080 $2,831,727 Mill: Tons ore milled * Average assay value Tons ore shipped to smelter Average assay value Total tons treated Average assay value Average value recovered Mill tail loss per ton 127,920 $24.21 562 $70.71 129,537 $24.34 22.70 $1 47 87,952 $20.84 27,611 $61.35 115,563 $30.51 28.31 $1.54 59,159 $27.58 21,907 $54.76 81,066 $34.93 Smelting loss; concentrates and slags Smelting loss* ore shipped .18 $4 12 .23 $3 60 Total treatment loss $1 64 $2.20 New mill recovery, per cent 94 43 Old mill recovery, per cent Mine development, feet Costs per ton treated : Mining Development 92.94 12,513 $3.25 .87 28 92.54 $3.94 .78 2.12 89.4 $6.145 Milling 2 96 3.13 4.086 Marketing products General expense -.49 1.11 1.03 1.28 3.03 Total operating expense Operating profit per ton $8.96 13.74 $12.28 16.03 $13.261 The company will ship very little high-grade ore to the smelters in the future. A material saving is expected from the direct treatment at the mill. Some interesting mill data for 1913 is as follows: | Average stamps f Duty per stamp J Power per ton New mill Old mill 51.9 36.0 7 . 5 tons 4.2 tons .586 h.p. Year ending Feb. 28, 1914. Revenue, $3,416,976. Profit, $2,006,091. Tons milled, 172,398. Value, $21.07. Recovered, $19.79. New Mill rec., 94.45 per cent. Cost per ton treated: Min., $3.01; Dev., $1.10; Mill, $2.55; Markt. prod., $.43; Genl., $1.07; Total, $8.17. Profit per ton, $11.62. See also Appendix, page 362 NEVADA 121 TONOPAH EXTENSION MINING CO. TONOPAH, NEVADA, U. S. A. Year Ended Mar. 31 1913 1912 1911 $724,873 $590,418 $501,322 487,449 417,409 320,202 Profit $237,423 $173,008 $181,120 Net profit after all expenditures 1 . . .' Production : $236,292 890,764 $115,912 759,382 $131,800 9 199 8414 Mill: 54,618 50,900 44,524* Gold contents Silver contents 957,674 9,758 848,407 9,011 179 oz. 0.177 oz. 17.534 oz. 16.667 oz. $14.469 $12.80 12.96 54,618 50,900 44,524 Mill extraction, per cent Costs per ton : Mining and development 93.33 $5.331 90.61 $4 . 725 90.67 $3.541 Milling 3.290 3.247 3.65O .964 1.200 1.210 .233 .227 .491 Total cost Profit per ton $9.818 $4.651 $9.399 $3.401 $8.892 $4 . 068 Stamp duty 5.18 4.83 Development 11,172 10,156 5,637 Price silver, cents 61.448 54.844 53.725 1 Allows for bond interest and all expenses. 2 Of this 10,053 came from the dumps. Note. These costs do not include administration costs and bond interest, etc., handled through the New York office. Remarks: The mine is operated by shaft to a depth of about 1000 ft. The veins vary in width and value. They are fissures in andesite. The values are silver and gold, mainly the former metal. A 30 stamp mill was installed in 1910. The ore is treated by cyanide solution in agita- tion tanks. 122 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD WEST END CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. TONOPAH, NEVADA, U. S. A. Year Ended Mar. 31 1913 | Year Ended Mar. 31 1913 Profit mining operations Earnings of Nevada Milling Co. Miscellaneous earnings $179,599 152,787 461 Gold content, ounces Silver content, ounces Gross value per ton Gross value recovered 9,357 933,372 $17.09 15.44 I CK Net profit $332 817 8 817 Tons ore and waste mined. . . . Shipped (tons) : To smelter 1 To mill* Total tons shipped Smelter : Gross value 75,352 129 44,511 44,640 $11 792 1 Recovery, silver, ounces... Extraction, gold, per cent.. Extraction, silver, per cent. There was obtained from the metallic contents of the ore : By cyanidation, per cent. . . By concentration, per cent. Loss in tailings, per cent. . . Net profit from milling. . 830,893 94.24 89.02 Gold Silver 87.38 73.49 6.85 15.53 5.77 10.98 $152,787 Value per ton $91 41 Cost per ton : Freight and treatment 21.99 Mining (direct) $3 . 608 554 Total.. $69 42 Total mining 4 162 Mining expenses 4 24 Milling (direct) 3 288 Milling (indirect) 341 P fit $65 18 Total profit Mill: Gross value Value per ton Frt. and treatment $8407. $759,084 $17.05 9.04 Total milling Costs and profit, all ore, per ton: Gross value ore shipped . . . Freight and treatment cost $3 . 629 $17.27 9.09 Total 8 01 8 18 Mining expense 4 16 4.16 Profit per ton $3 85 Mining profit $4 02 Total profit Operations of Milling Co. : Tonsore treated, dry $171,191 44,756 General : Stamp duty.tons per day . . 6.12 See also Appendix, page 363 NEVADA 123 TONOPAH MINING COMPANY TONOPAH, NEVADA, U. S. A. Year Ended Feb. 28 1913 1912 1911 1910 Gross production $3,148,668 $3,503,255.21 $3,906,835.10 $3,478,021.82 Ounces silver produced 3,367,958 4,120,832 4,702,765 4,270,069 Grade ore, silver, ounces. . . . 21.75 26.05 28.65 28.05 Grade ore, gold, ounces .23 .286 .320 .313 Total net earnings and in- $1,586,313 $1,763,018 $2,011,422 $1,639,602 come, i Mill : Tons ore milled 173,336 174,685 177,745 166,174 Average assay value 18.16 $19.97 $21.98 $20.93 Mill extraction, per cent. . 89.34 90.56 92.4 91.7 Costs per ton : Mining and development.. $3.27 $3.71 $3.95 $4.17 Milling 2.67 2.74 2.94 3.18 Mill loss 1.85 1.89 1.82 1.78 Freight on ore .74 .72 .63 .60 Marketing product .51 .57 .73 .78 $9.04 $9.63 $10.07 $10.51 Profit per ton $9.12 $10.34 $11.91 $10.42 1 Represents combined earnings of Tonopah Mining Co. of Nevada and Desert Power and Milling Co. Year ending Feb. 28, 1914. Gross prod., $2,918,417. Grade silver, 21.61 oz. Grade gold, oz. .247. Net earn., $1,363,441. Tons milled, 163,389. Av. value, $17.79. Rec. per cent., 87.52. Costs: Min. and dev., $3.28; Mill., $2.81; Mill loss, $1.96; Frt., $.74; Markt., $.58; Total, $9.37. Profit, $8.42 See also Appendix, page 363 PITTSBURGH SILVER PEAK MINING CO. BLAIE, NEVADA, U. S. A. The following on the Pittsburgh Silver Peak has been taken from the Mining and Scientific Press, and issued with their permission. The data is taken from articles by Edmund Juessen, S. J. Kidder and Henry Hansom. Below are given the costs obtained for three months of the years 1910 and 1909: TOTAL COSTS Classification Labor Material Total Average cost per ton for the months of Dec., 10 Nov., 10 Dec., 09 Mining Development Crushing Tramming $9,293.10 3,156.43 743.92 1,337.98 2,297.02 2,579.24 334 . 64 415.00 2,548.94 2,548.94 413.26 1,233.15 5,342.52 4,365.05 271.42 471.85 $14,716.38 5,706.37 1,157.18 2,571.13 7,639.54 6,044 . 27 606.06 886.85 $.951 .369 .075 .166 .496 .451 .039 .057 $.997 .369 .079 .216 .520 .429 .043 .038 $1.250 .399 .065 .227 .572 .580 .071 .066 Milling Cyaniding Assaying Refining $20,157.33 $20,070.45 $40,227.78 $2.604 $2.628 $3.240 124 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD PITTSBURGH SILVER PEAK MINING CO. Continued Milling cost 1911 Stamping Amalgamating Neutralizing and settling Leaching and sluicing Filtering and pressing Precipitating Refining Assaying Water service Heating Superintendent and foreman Total direct operating Pro.-general Suspense account Total operating Operating results | 1911 Running time, per cent 96.2 Stamp duty, tons per 24 hours 4.32 Average tons milled per month 15,170 Value per ton milled $5.437 Cost per ton milled: Labor .377 Supplies . 447 Power .186 Total $1.040 Leaching sand: Recovery, per cent 75.9 Sand heads $3. 154 Sand residues . 760 Filter pressing slimes : Recovery, per cent 92 . 2 Slime heads $1 . 546 Slime residues .121 Recovery: Amalgamation 53 . 36 Cyanidation, per cent 37.14 Total, per cent 90.50 $.298 .047 .074 .145 .104 .036 .048 .033 .070 .007 .053 .915 .079 .046 $1.040 1910 4.20 14,468 $5.237 .338 .557 .167 $1.062 70.4 $2.660 .788 88.5 $1.543 .176 53.6 31.3 84.9 See also Appendix, page 363 NEVADA 125 GIROUX CONSOLDIATED MINES CO. ELY, NEVADA (Taken over by Consolidated Copper Mines Co.) Year Ending Dec. 31. 1912. Production : Total prod, copper, pounds 3,817,083 Total gold, ounces 1,232 Total silver, ounces 3,031 Profit during August, September and December $150,000 Cost per pound excl. extraordinary dev. and construct 10.8> The company gives the following in the annual report : CONCENTRATION AND RECOVERY Per Per Dry tons Per cent. Net Ib. Net oz. Net oz. cent, moisture concen- trated cent, copper recovery on copper gold silver copper Total 1 ... 4 . 62 133,933 1.975 71.1 3,768,521 1,214.065 2,862.13 Smelting ore: Taylor ore, Steptoe. 5.95 179.626 4.27 95.00 14,573 17.962 167.05 Alr^Vio nrp ^fpr*tnp 10 00 78 276 9 38 95 00 13 951 Alpha ore, Interna - 10.30 152.090 8.16 90.00 20.038 2.46 tional. Grand total 3,817,083 1,232.027 3,031.64 1 Produced in months of June, July, August, September and December. November operations were tied up owing to labour strike. In October and Shipments of Concentrating Ore (May to Dec. Incl.). Shipments were started May 1, 1912, to the Concentratdr of the Steptoe Valley Smelting and Mining Co. of McGill, Nevada (Nevada Consolidated plant) and production was gradually increased until the maximum of 1200 tons per day was obtained. Total tons, 140,877; copper, 2.15 per cent. SHIPMENTS OF SMELTING ORE To Steptoe Smelter, McGill, Nevada: 179.626 tons Taylor ore 4.27 per cent, copper. 10 oz. gold. 78.276 tons Alpha ore 9.38 per cent, copper. To International Smelter, Tooele, Utah: 152.09 tons Alpha ore 8. 16 per cent, copper. TOTAL SHIPMENTS Concentrating ore 140,877 tons. Smelting ore 410 tons. oz. silver. Total . . 141,287 tons. 126 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD As August, September and December were the only months in which production came entirely from underground mining and not from the stock- piles these are the only months on which any estimate of cost can be made. Cost Per Ton. No data is given on costs per ton noi is it possible to com- pute same. Mining costs were probably very high owing to the fact that in starting the mining system square-setting was employed The freight from the mine to the Steptoe plant 25 miles distance amounted to 25 i per ton. Development amounted to 18,333 ft. in 1912. Remarks. Company owns two mines a low-grade disseminated copper property and a mine containing high-grade smelting ore situated on the lime porphyry contact. The latter property is developed to 1400 ft. It is not yet producing. The porphyry mine operated in 1912. We have given above the results obtained at this property. The Giroux porphyry ore is practically the same as that of the adjoining Nevada Consolidated, both mines being located on the same porphyry belt. The ore-body at the Giroux mine, however, has not been worked by steam-shovel, owing to the excessive thickness of overburden. The Company's contract with the Nevada Consolidated (Steptoe Valley Mining & Smelting Co.) covers a period of five years, commencing May 1, 1912, and provides for the treatment of from 900 to 1200 tons a day. The contract refers to the ore in the Morris Bunker Hill section. This con- tract was discontinued during 1914. The ore reserves in this portion of the property are placed at 4,010,000 tons, averaging 2.14 per cent, copper, in addition to which there are several million tons of an average of at least 1.73 per cent, copper. The Giroux management estimates under the contract given above 1 whereby the Steptoe Company receives the ores at the Giroux mine, trans- ports them 25 miles to the reduction works where they are concentrated, then smelted, shipped as blister copper to the Atlantic seaboard, and re- fined that the cost of refined copper per pound will be about 9^. In the summer of 1913 the Giroux property was taken over by the Consoli- dated Copper Mines Co. NEVADA 127 NEVADA CONSOLIDATED COPPER COMPANY ELY, NEVADA, U. S. A. Year ended Dec. 31, 1913 Dec. 31, 1912 15 mo, ended Dec. 31, 1911 Year ended Sept. 30, 1910 First year operating, 1909 Production : Pounds copper 64,972,829 $9,667,506 557,987 63,063,261 $10,076,872 521,278 78,541,270 $9,818,262 595,185 62,772,342 $8,008,146 472,982 34,527,823 Not available Not available Value copper Gold and silver Total receipts . 10,225,493 8,212,050 $10,598,150 7,316,231 $10,413,447 7,693,492 $8,481,129 6,135,747 Not available Not available Total expense Net operating profit. . . Miscellaneous income. Total income $2,013,443 1,476,443 $3,281,919 1,541,920 $2,719,955 1,624,162 $2,345,382 1,263,925 $1,646,062 590,599 $3,483,886 3,139,137 1.599 68.52 6.94 .013 .034 43.87 57.83 12.32f< 7.61 14.879jf on: $.1775 om financial $.526 .269 .536 .583 .306 .031 $4,823,839 2,852,515 1.692 68.25 9.09 .016 .049 45.84 50.11 16.48f< 10.49 15.979)5 $.1735 .15 .30 .22 statements). $.503 .267 .496 .52 .322 .036 $4,344,117 3,338,242 1.80 67.59 11.34 .013 .079 57.72 45.92 17.35^ 13.80 12.50)5 $.157 .15 $3,609,307 2,237,028 2.06 69.59 10.6 .0181 .0879 49.78 48.36 21.14)5 15.21 12.75)! $.154 .150 $2,236,661 1,065,387 2.34 70.73 10 . 04 to 1 .019 .072 55.26 56.62 23.12)5 16.62 Ore: Dry tons treated . . Average copper assay, per cent. Per cent, extract, cop- per. Ratio concentration. . . Assay gold, ounces. . . . Assay silver, ounces. . . Per cent, extract, gold . Per cent, extraction silver. Average recovered, per ton. Average copper in con- centrates. Price of copper Miscellaneous costs per t Mining per ton 1 (steam-shovel) . Stripping Eureka Stripping Hecla $.153 .435 cu. yd. Stripping Liberty Cost per ton (calculated fr Min.< and strip Freight on ore Milling .22 $.324 .268 .458 .445 .343 .029 $.323 .268 .617 .594 .44 .0365 .303 Not available Not available Not available Not available Not available Smelting . Frt. and ref Selling commission. . . . Total operating exp. $2.251 $2.144 $1.867 $2.278 128 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Year ended Dec 31, 1913 Dec. 31, 1912 15 mo. ended Dec. 31, 1911 Year ended Sept. 30, 1910 First year operating, 1909 Rent mill and smelting incl. depreciation. Cost per pound (as given Total cost per pound. . Cost including fund to cover improvements and deprec. and de- ducting miscl. earn- ings. Miscellaneous costs: Stripping cost per yd. Frt. on ore per ton wet. .422 8.86?; 8.33?i 33.64?; 25. Oi .44 7.17* 6.97?! .465 7.37?5 7.05?; 40.60?! 25.0 Not available 7.47?; 7.14?; in report) : 9.99?< 9.51?; 26. 72 dry Total stripping Stripping done i Veteran Mine 2 f Grade ore, per c ione to Jan. 1, 1914, cubic yards n 1913, cubic yards >roduction 11,872,320 3,100,661 258,896 2.588 ent. . . 1 Includes charges of every description such as labor, supplies, repairs, management taxes, proportion general and New York expenses. 2 This ore-body is worked underground by slicing. Operating this property in 1912 and 1913 had a decided effect in raising the cost for the year. Tha cost in 1913 was $2.00 per ton. Remarks. Mines are located on branch from through trunk line. Com- pany owns three mines 1 the most important is a steam-shovel property. The other two are underground mines. Operations to date have been principally on steam-shovel property. The formation is monzonite porphyry. Ore is secondary chalcocite disseminated through rock. The main shovel pit is 2000 ft. in length by 1800 ft. in width. Average thickness underlying ore 250 ft. In the steam- shovel pit, shovels dump ore directly into standard gauge cars which are hauled to reduction plant 25 miles distant over company's railroad. At the underground mines only a small amount of ore has been extracted and costs given represent steam-shovel operations. The grade of the under- ground ore is 2| to 3^ per cent. The ores are mined by one of the caving methods. The ore reserves Dec. 31-13 were 39,108,590 tons assaying 1.65 per cent copper. Company owns 10,000-ton concentrator and smelter. The method of treatment is concentration and smelting of concentrates. Concentrates are roasted in McDougal furnaces. No direct smelting is done. A 40 per cent, matte is made. Company adopted oil for fuel in 1912 in reverberatory NEVADA 129 furnaces. Smelter has converter department. Blister copper is shipped to Atlantic seaboard for refining. See also Appendix, page 364 CHURN DRILL COSTS, ELY, NEVADA, U. S. A. Hole Depth, ft. Total cost Cost per ft. Remarks 1 525 $588.00 $1.12 2 470 507.60 1.08 3 510 499.80 0.98 4 615 738.00 1.20 5 620 812.20 1.31 6 450 288.00 0.64 Fine drilling ground; no trouble. 7 575 304 . 75 0.53 Ideal conditions; no casing needed. 8 300 330.00 1.10 9 285 227.55 0.80 10 555 530.91 0.95 11 505 726.43 1.44 Lost tools in hole; heavy supply exp. 12 620 865.32 1.38 13 705 1072.98 1.52 14 505 933.80 1.85 15 600 732.90 1.22 16 570 741.32 1.30 Very cold weather, water freezing, etc. 17 155 152.87 0.98 18 145 161.20 1.11 Totals. 8710 $10,213.63 $1.17 Average. ITEMIZED COSTS, DRILL HOLES, ELY DISTRICT Hole 11 Hole 13 Hole 15 Wages : Runner $5 for 12 hours $127 70 $267 50 $152 50 Helper $4 for 12 hours 101 14 215 70 120 00 Roustabout $3 for 10 hours 65 52 108 15 70 70 Fuel: Wood at $2.50 per cord 110 25 100 00 Coal at $5 . 75 per ton 51 75 Water : $1 per thousand gal 15 69 28 40 22 50 Teaming 34 63 35 80 41 45 Miscellaneous supplies 39 57 38 60 Casing 1 Equipment / Assaying and surveying and sampling. ... 1 Entire time of mine engineer $125 per > month J 115.72 116.20 f 67.83 \ \82.80J 128.20 139.88 104.10 Total N Cost per foot $726.43 $1.44 $1072.98 $1.52 $732.90 $1.22 See also Appendix, page 364 130 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD MASON VALLEY MINES COMPANY MINE, MASON, NEVADA; SMELTER, THOMPSON, NEVADA, U. S. A. The following costs are representative of the Mason or Yerington District, Nevada. Average copper contents, per cent 3.1 Recovery in smelting, per cent 2.7 Per cent, recovery (approximate) 87 Pounds copper recovered per ton 54 Period year: 1912. Tons mined 98,798 Tons smelted 241,871 Cost per ton: Mining $1 . 56 Freight 45 Smelting 2.52 Total $4.53 Mining and smelting costs given do not include any allowance for de- preciation or interest charges. Frt. converting, refining and marketing at 3ff a pound, say 54 pounds 1 . 62 Total $6.15 Cost per pound of copper 11 .4ff These figures represent the cost of producing copper from the company's mine only. The average assay of the ore shipments was considerably re- duced on account of having included a large quantity of low-grade ore which is desirable in smelting custom ore. The figures given therefore indicate a higher cost per pound of copper than would be shown were these low-grade ores not included. The Mason Valley Mines Co. is now operating a 2000-ton smelter which not only treats the ores of the Mason Valley mine, but also does a custom smelting business. Operations did not begin until January, 1912. The ores of Mason Valley property are of the contact type. They are not adapted to concentration owing to the garnet epidote minerals which they contain. The copper generally occurs as chalcopyrite. The ore occurs in big bodies varying up to 40 ft. in width, several hundred feet in length. The dip is nearly vertical. The composition of the Mason Valley ore is as follows, approximately: Cu, 3 per cent.; Fe, 18 per cent.; Si0 2 , 32 per cent.; CaO, 21 per cent.; S, 8 per cent. The method of working is by shrinkage stope. The property is developed by several tunnels and all ore is dropped by gravity to the main haulage level. An aerial tramway 1 miles long transports the ore to the Copper Belt Railway which hauls it to the smelter at Wabuska, 16 miles distant. NEVADA 131 NEVADA-DOUGLAS COPPER CO. MASON, NEVADA, U. S. A. Period Jan. to Aug. inclusive, 1912 Production : Copper produced, pounds 6,054,990 Gross value $832,778.33 Deduct: Treatment $237,907.24 Freight $134,138.80 $372,046.04 Net value $460,732.29 Operating expense : 76,525 tons @ $3.08 $235,697.00 Net profit $225,035. 29 Mine: Tons mined, wet weight. 76,525 Tons mined, dry weight 73,127 Average assay copper % 4.43 Cost per ton, mined dry $3 . 24 Cost per ton, mined wet $3 . 08 Costs per wet ton : Breaking ore $.907 Tramming and mucking . 243 Timbering .245 Power for machines . 0707 Drill repairs and steel .0571 Hoisting : . 0590 Air . .0243 Loading railroad cars . 0579 Development . 773 Maintenance .125 General expense .518 Total .:=.,-. $3.080 Average value per ton : Gross value $11.38 Treatment 4.49 Freight .61 Net value $6.28 Operating expenses : 76,525 tons at $3.08 $235,697.00 73,127 tons at $4.49 328,340.23 76,525 tons at $ . 61 46,680. 25 $610,717.48 Cost per pound : Total cost per pound, cents 10 . 09 See also Appendix, page 364 132 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD YELLOW PINE MINING CO. JEAN, CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31. 1912 Total receipts Operating expenses. Net profits Mine production, tons Of which there were milled Of which there were shipped Contents mill ore : Per cent, lead Per cent, zinc Ounces, silver Lead concentrates produced, tons Per cent, lead of concentrates Per cent, zinc of concentrates Ounces silver of concentrates Price received for lead concentrate at Salt Lake smelters after deducting freight and treatment. Per ton. . . Zinc product, tons Per cent, zinc Ounces silver Per cent. lead. . . Price received at smelter after deducting freight of $8 Per ton Net receipts per ton Profit per ton $371,975 143,840 $228,135 20,082 19,463 518 15.51 30.2 10.83 3,270 57.6 11.0 36.0 $160,977 $49 . 20 16,811 34.2 5.0 6.0 $200,998 $12.00 18.50 11.33 COST PER TON The total cost of mining, milling and marketing a ton of ore was $7.07 distributed as follows: Assessment and property patent $ . 05 Construction.. 85 Transportation 60 Taxes 17 Assaying 1 . 98 Stoping 55 Timbering 26 Development 26 Loading at Jean 20 Milling 2.15 Total.. $7.07 See also Appendix, page 365. NEW MEXICO CHINO COPPER CO. SANTA RITA, NEW MEXICO, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 Production : Net pounds . .... 50,511,661 27,776,088 Income : Gross income $7,621,419 $4,344,261 Operating expenses 4,431,126 2,132,092 Net operating profit $3,190,293 $2,212,169 Total after miscellaneous income 3,327,828 2,337,302 Net after bond interest 3,234,033 $2,176,904 Mine and Mill : Total material moved cu. yds Of which waste was cu. yds Of which ore mined was tons Tons treated mill tons 4,033,832 3,082,174 1,976,572 1,942,700 2,850,454 2,223,678 1,301,463 1,120,375 Per cent copper 2 033 2.077 Recovery concentration, per cent 67 31 61.63 Recovery concentration, pounds 27 37 25.68 Total copper in cone Copper in shipping ore .... 53,170,145 28,684,208 553,75 Total gross copper, pounds Grade concentrate, per cent Ratio concentration Price received for metal, cents 53,170,145 14.518 10.61 to 1 15.322 29,237,966 21.2 16. 56 into 1 15.64 Cost per ton : (Calculated from financial statements :) Stripping $ 30 $.257 Mining and milling Treatment, ref. and freight Selling. . .842 1.10 .04 .767 .840 .039 Total $2 28 $1 903 Cost per pound copper : (As given in report :) Concentrating ore 8 787 1 7.69f4 Crude ore shipments . . . 6.98f! Total credit miscellaneous earnings Miscellaneous costs : Average cost steam-shoveling per yard 1 8.49 36.77< 7.23 29.14^ Average cost steam-shoveling per ton 14.03^ Waste alone per yard . 33 43 1 27.61(5 Waste alone per ton 16jf 13.29j< Ore production alone per ton Milling cost per ton 23.13 61.08jf 16.52(< 58.57(5 1 Includes prop, charges every nature. Note. Since beginning of second quarter of year 30 cents a ton has been charged to cover stripping expense. See also Appendix, page 365. 133 SOUTH DAKOTA HOMESTAKE MINING CO. LEAD, So. DAKOTA 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production $6 186 651 $6 600 953 $5,251,453 $6,623,780 Miscellaneous earnings 132 717 189,943 123,611 Total $6 319 368 $6 790,896 $5,375,064 Expenses (calculated) $4 200,853 $4,074,579 $3,945,663 Profit (calculated) ... $2 118,515 $2,716,317 $1,429,401 Milling : Tons ore milled . . 1,540,961 1,528,923 1,468,263 1,824,623 Average value recovered . . $4 0148 $4.3174 $3 . 5766 $3.6357 Profit per ton $1.4674 $1 6528 $.8893 $.7637 Costs per ton : Mining $1 . 6728 $1.7355 $1.8570 $1.738 Cyaniding Regrinding .1042 .0097 .1268 .0208 .1390 .0142 .148 .015 Milling .3728 .3080 .2797 .219 Slimes treatment .0862 .1034 .1056 .126 3017 3705 2910 .626 Total operations $2 5474 $2 6650 $2 6873 $2 . 872 Spearfish electric constr and opera- 1639 tion. 1784 1 $2.7258 $2.8289 See also Appendix, page 366 WASP NO. 2 MINING CO. LEAD, SOUTH DEKOTA Year ending Dec. 31 1913 1912 Production gold ounce 9,708 927 Production Ag ounce 31,510.74 Metal value $219,334.64 $279,265 . 68 Operating expenses 167,392.03 195,851.56 Operating profit 52,942.61 83,414.12 Milling data : Tons ore milled 127,680 158,800 Gross value gold $2.0306 $2.3376 Net value recovered gold . . 1 . 5248 1 . 7586 Value in mill tails gold .5058 .579 Calculated extraction per cent gold 75.09 75.23 77 39 6250 .4165 .2085 33 36 Actual extract, per cent 39.48 134 SOUTH DAKOTA 135 WASP NO. 2 MINING CO. Continued Year ending Dec. 31 1913 1912 Costs per ton : Mining: Coal " $0 0081 $0 0085 Labor .2965 2746 .1404 .1405 .0409 .0432 .0155 0062 0720 0403 Stable .0194 0138 Assay office 0049 0196 0158 Power. 0199 0181 Tools 0040 0012 $0 6363 $0 5671 Milling: Labor 4 $0 2022 $0.2057 0809 0600 0902 0910 Coal 0087 0085 Cyanide 0782 0806 Expense 0087 0062 Stable 0090 Assay office 0106 0069 Superintendent 0196 0158 Lime 0077 0136 Cleanup . 0087 Zinc 0332 0364 Power 0905 0828 Tools 0013 Milling total $0 6305 $0 6265 Forward, mining total $0 6363 $0 5671 Forward, milling total 6305 0.6265 General expense : Surveying $0 0012 Repairs, buildings 0006 Bullion expense 0074 0119 Insurance 0207 0161 Taxes 0140 0113 Interest and exchange 0003 0008 General total $0 0442 $0 0401 Total expense $1.3110 $1.2337 See also Appendix, page 367 TENNESSEE TENNESSEE COPPER CO. COPPERHILL, TENN., U. S. A. Year ended Dec. 31. 1912 1911 1910 1909 Pounds copper Tenn. ore 13,252,634 13,808,940 12,429,009 14,058,954 Pounds copper custom ore 4,427,583 3,832,972 4,147,326 2 415 734 Total 17,680,217 17,641,912 16,576,335 16,474,688 Silver recovered, ounces Gold recovered, ounces Profit copper, acid and custom ore Int. bonds and discounts account 50,622 337 $1-,303,873 107,998 90,011 608 $577,927 110,878 $547,157 61,750 24,753 217 $4,276 63,250 Profit for year $1,195,875 467,049 485,387 364,406 Depreciation '. . . 100,000 60,000 40,000 25,000 Net profit $1,095 875 $407,049 $445,387 $339,406 Profit acid included above 82,832 Tons ore mined Tons Tenn. ore treated Tons custom ore treated Pounds copper Tennessee ore 443,038 444,289 36,980 444,625 436,285 34,768 405,463 424,197 31,536 441,906 439,265 20,438 39.40 Pounds Tennessee ore recovered. Pounds custom ore recovered. . . . Per cent, recovered Tennessee ore Copper electrolytically refined. . . 29.8 119.7 31.6 110.2 29.3 131. 32.00 81.2 4,095,848 Costs per ton : Mine development Mining proper $.0500 1 . 0845 $.15600 1 . 06599 $.2106 .9677 $.122 1.097 Railroad expense General expense Smelting . .0879 .1860 1 3106 .08338 . 12455 1 38326 .0678 .1080 1 2271 .058 .155 1.311 Converting Engineering and laboratory.. . . .1583 . 22454 .1556 .0516 .147 .038 Total cost pig copper Equal in cents per pound Total cost per ton refined After adding freight, refining, selling, comm., taxes, legal and crediting gold and silver. $2.8774! . 09654 $3.2797 11(4 $3.03772 . 09599 $3.4428 10.88^ $2.7887 .09518 $3.1175 10.64j< $2.928 .0915 $3.417 10.68f< 1 Crediting miscellaneous investment, $2.8529. Resume of 1913 Operations. Production 13,493,140 Ibs. copper Tennessee ore. Profit, $1,087,503; profit after bond int. and dep. $987,503. Tons ore treated, 470,135. Pounds copper recovered, 28.70. Cost per ton at mine, $2.9346. Total cost per ton, $3.255. Cost per pound at property, 10.214?L After ref. and credit gold and silver, 11.34. Ore reserves, Dec. 31, 1913, 5,534,984 tons. See also Appendix, page 367 136 UTAH CONSOLIDATED MERCUR GOLD MINES CO. MERCUR, UTAH, U. S. A. Year Ended June 30 U. S. Currency 1912 1911 $494,133 $550,695.70 498,104 558,629.19 487,307 558,133.06 Net earnings $10,797 $496.13 Tons treated , 201,6521 239,190 Average value $3.27 $3.21 $2.45 $2.32 23,931 26,674.78 $20.36 $20.92 Mint val. per ounce Profit per ounce Costs per ton : Framing, timbering, compression hoisting, etc. . . . Ore breaking $20.67 $.31 .569) .753 \ 084 $20.67 .24992 $1.29 Millg., crushg., roastg., cyandg., (Refining assaying.) Gen'l. exp., prop, mill Tailing dumps $1.032) .065 \ 17 $1.04 Total Development Cost of development $2.42 3,657 ft. $17,497 $2.33 5,558 $24,484 Seven per cent, of this was tailings. 2 Loss. The ores are gold. The ores mined are of two qualities "oxidized" and "base," of which 59 per cent, are oxidized and 34 per cent, are base. The re- maining 7 per cent, of ore milled were tailings. The ore is crushed, sized and cyanided. The base ore is first roasted, the roasters treating 67,816 tons in 1912. During 1912. the mill consumed the following chemicals: Cyanide 147,230 Ib. or .73 Ib. per ton ore. Lime 3,078,600 Ib. or 15.27 Ib. per ton ore. Zinc dust 100,648 Ib. or .5 Ib. per ton ore. 137 .138 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD BECK TUNNEL CONSOLIDATED MINING COMPANY EUREKA, UTAH, U. S. A. Year ended June 1 1912 Production : Gold, ounces 840 . 28 Silver, ounces 68,381 . 07 Lead, pounds 1,299,431 Receipts from ore sales $46,141 Dry tons mined 4,241.57 Cost per ton, operating: Mining and development $3 . 429 Tramming .216 Hoisting . 890 Surface expense . 302 Surveying and assaying .230 General expense . 244 Total operating $5.311 Exploration . 707 Total $6.018 To this should be added, Freight 1 .04 Plant .068 Taxes, legal, etc .13 $7.256 Notes. The ore deposits of the mines of this section are replacements of limestone. The bodies vary in width from small streaks to large masses. The ore is a silver-lead product which is shipped to the custom smelters at or near Salt Lake. The camp is connected by railroad with the smelters. Labor conditions, power and supplies are favourable for cheap operations. UTAH APEX MINING COMPANY BINGHAM, UTAH, U. S. A. See Appendix, page 396 UTAH 139 BINGHAM MINES COMPANY BINGHAM, UTAH, U. S. A. Year ending Dec. 31 1912 1911 Production Total costs Net profit Tons ore treated Gross value per ton Total metal contents: Gold, ounces Silver, ounces Lead, pounds Copper, pounds Cost per ton: Mine operations Smelting, frt., etc Prospecting and devel. Commercial mine acct. Gen. expense $426,052.87 $287,939.64 $138,113.23 49,986.8 $8.523 3,731 225,763 3,777,320 1,427,780 $2.211 2.721 .503 .226 $5.661 $465,658.67 $350,721.56 $109,248.31 46,083.031 $10.104 3980.73 354,855.06 5,792,441 790,818 $2.128 3.964 .866 .320 .451 $7.729 See also Appendix, page 368 CHIEF CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. TINTIC DISTRICT, EUREKA, UTAH, U. S. A. Year ending Dec. 31 1912 1911 Receipts ore after smelting, transportation and sampling. $481,473 Net profit after all charges 323,037 Total shipments, tons 30,028 Assay value of ore: Gold, ounces per ton . 2557 Silver, ounces per ton 29 . 825 Lead, per cent, per ton 1.36 Gross value of ore $24. 15 Smelting, frt. and sampling 8. 12 Net value per ton $16.03 Cost per ton (calculated) 5 . 28 Profit per ton (calculated) $10. 75 Costs per ton: Mining $4.42 Development .86 Freight, smelting, and sampling Total $5.28 Profit per ton $10.75 See also Appendix, page 368 $104,522 13,929 6,703 .048 39.584 5.277 $25.55 9.96 $15.59 13.51 $ 2.07 $ 8.26 5.25 $13.51 140 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD DALY-JUDGE MINING COMPANY PARK CITY, UTAH, tl. S. A. Year ended Jan. 1. 1912 1911 Ore sales: Crude Concentrates Zinc middlings Total $110,493 469,787 148,100 $217,772 329,130 30,137 $728,381 19,013 $577,040 18,838 Interest Total sales and earnings Total expenditures 747,394 429,536 $595,879 435,474 Profit Production: Ounces, silver Ounces, gold $317,858 683,892 682 9,973,646 9,158,261 513,646 3,655 58,951 62,606 9,784 $3.33 .72 .315 1.08 1.88 $160,405 560,699 1,080 10,027,070 7,431,176 311,832 7,586 51,875 59,461 7,497 $3.09 .79 .25 1.03 2.38 Pounds, lead Pounds, zinc Pounds, copper Crude ore sold, tons Ore concentrated Ore extracted Development, feet Working costs per ton: Extraction. . . Concentration cost General expenses Marketing cost Prospecting and dead work Total cost $7.325] $7.54 1912 1911 Tons Oz. silver Oz. gold Per cent, lead Tons Oz. silver Oz. gold Per cent, lead Aveg. ore values per ton : Crude Concentrates Zinc middlings Iron middlings 3,655 13,419 5,425 34.83 32.27 22.58 .045 .031 .019 19.72 29.71 5.16 7,586 12,237 2,783 32.44 23.37 10.19 .077 .036 .02 23.56 24.74 6.84 Per cent, cu. Per cent. Zn Per cent. Fe Total sold for Per cent, copper Per cent. zinc Per cent, iron Total sold for Crude Concentrates Zinc middlings Iron middlings 1.75 1.60 19.89 15.30 40.46 11.28 14.50 8.17 $30.23 35.09 27.29 1.09 .60 12.92 14.63 34.04 11.20 16.56 9.41 $28.71 26.91 10.83 See also Appendix, page 368 UTAH 141 DALY-WEST MINING COMPANY PARK CITY, UTAH U. S. Currency 1912 1911 1910 1909 Production $587,960.90 $841,951.65 $794,016.99 $521,681.65 Total expenses $454,099.07 $535,938.19 $567,721.36 $555,073.53 Tons ore milled 42,891 79,921 83,119 48,373 Average value recovered $6.64 $9.28 $8.27 $5.90 Tons ore shipped 17,497 7,083 4,363 12,019 Average value returned $17.33 $12.75 $21.65 $19.02 f silver, per cent. . . . 81.1 88.42 88.9 74.6 lead, per cent 98.7 97.21 99.7 99.8 ( zinc, per cent 72.3 Average metal content mill ore: Silver, ounce 8.0 10.9 8.93 9.9 Lead, per cent 5.5 9.68 7.95 5.78 Zinc, per cent 5.2 9.30 8.39 Costs per ton : Mining and developing $5.600 $3.184 $3.797 $5.399 Milling 1.047 1.994 2.03 1.656 Ore expense 0.314 .163 General expense .557 .358 .386 .533 $7.518 $5.699 $6.213 $7.588 Ontario tunnel expense .622 .376 1.93 $7.518 $6.321 $6.589 $9.518 Note. The ores are a complex of silver-lead-zinc and iron sulphides oc- curring in fissures and as replacements in limestone. Mining conditions normal. The mill saving of the lead as given in Annual Reports appears to be very high. The ore is crushed by rolls and concentrated. The concentrates shipped to nearby smelters. Owing to a freeze-up of the water in 1912 the mill was shut down during one-third of January and all of Feb., March, April and May. During this time the tonnage of shipping ore was increased to hold up production. Costs were naturally high. Resume 1908 Operations. Production, $378,790; expenses, $376, 182; tons ore milled, 24,511 ; average value recovered, $6 . 14; total cost, $9 . 229; Ontario tunnel expense, $1 . 47, making a grand total expense per ton of $10 . 699. 142 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD EAGLE & BLUE BELL MINING COMPANY TINTIC, UTAH, U. S. A. Period Ended Dec. 31 U.S. Currency 1912 1911 Gross value ore shipments Ded. frt. smelting, sampling and assaying $346,403.13 138,991.96 $109,962 48,944 Net receipts, ore $207 411 17 61,017 Miscl earnings, rents, etc 6 00 8,507 Gross earnings at property $207,417.17 $69,524 Expenses .... 117,541.73 29,096 Net from property operations $40,427 22 477 Net after all expenses $ 89,875.44 $21,241 Production : Total yield gold, ounces 5,833 1,995 Total yield silver, ounces 341,164 98,739 Total yield lead, pounds 1,303,294 726,796 Total yield copper, pounds 50,913 9,747 Dry tons produced 22,341 5,831 Gross value per ton $15.50 $18.85 Operating cost per ton: 4,893 7.30 Frt and smelting $6 262 8.39 Genl exp .276 .80 Total $11.431 $16.49 Development, feet 3,009 ft. 1,686 The property is developed by shaft to a depth of 1350 ft. An ore-body here has been opened for length of 140 ft., is 10 to 50 ft. in width. The ore- bodies are irregular replacements of the country rock. Owing to the great dimensions the square-set system is adopted in mining. In 1912 a heavy development expense brought mining costs up. At close of year output averaged 1250 tons a month. Judging from the report the ore probably is high in lime. All ore is smelted direct, going to the Salt Lake Smelters. UTAH 143 IRON BLOSSOM CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. TINTIC, UTAH, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency Production 1912 | No. 1 workings | No. 3 workings Gross value $709,173 $789,963 Smelt, frt. and sampling 308,186 283,820 Net Tons treated wet $400,996 35,279 $506,143 31,044 Tons treated dry 31,855 27,612 Grade per ton gold Grade per ton silver .2136 oz. 27.674oz. .2156 38.3268 Grade per ton lead 7 . 084 per cent. 8.9621 per cent. Metal contents : Gold ounces 6806 5960 Silver ounces 881,564 1,058,279 Lead pounds 2,256,892 2,474,612 Copper pounds Gross and net per ton : Gross 153,719 $22 262 none $28 609 Smelt, frt. and sampling 9.674 10.278 Net $12 588 $18,330 Cost per ton (entire property) : Development Stoping $ .086 2.579 Tramming .117 Hoisting 261 Surface 072 Surveying and assaying. . 079 General expense .128 Pumps (credit item) Accident .009 .018 Total. . $3 331 Exploring . . 373 Development for year, feet $3.704 7 518 Total development to Dec. 31, 1912 31,953 See also Appendix, page 368 144 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD SILVER KING COALITION MINES CO. PARK CITY, UTAH, U. S. A. Year Ended April 30 U. S. Currency 1912 Production $1,277 427 71 Total expenses Operating profit $694,410.46 $583,017 25 Tons ore shipped, first class 21 506 [Lead 28 35 Aver, value j Silver [Gold Tons ore milled Tons concentrates made (Lead Aver, value concentrates { Silver [Gold .'.. Ratio of concentration 50.06oz. .0551 oz. 86,387 14,106 34.24 50.71 oz. .0833 oz. 6 12 into 1 Costs per ton milled : Mining and development Milling Marketing General expense Legal expense $4.756 .688 .204 .639 .284 Total $6.571 Mine has produced since 1892 a total gross of nearly $25,000,000. The company is a consolidation of several properties in the district. The ore-bodies vary in character from small fissures to large replacements of the limestone. The method of entry is by shaft. The quantity of water to be handled is generally large. Depth of mine 1300 ft. The ore is a silver-lead-zinc sulphide. Transportation and smelting facilities are favourable. The milling practice is straight concentration. During the year 13,000 ft. of development were performed. UTAH 145 BOSTON CONSOLIDATED COPPER AND GOLD MINING COMPANY SULPHIDE MINE, BINGHAM, UTAH, U. S. A. " U.S. Currency (Now owned and operated by the Utah Copper Co.) The Boston Consolidated formerly operated two properties one a por- phyry, another a sulphide. Since the taking over of the property by the Utah Copper Co., costs for the sulphide mine have not been given. We give below the costs at this mine before the consolidation. Period, year ended Sept. 30 1908 1907 Production, net after smelter : Copper, pounds 3 210 031 6 146 925 Silver, ounces Gold, ounces Tons shipped : Copper recovery per ton Total contents ore Copper 49,131 7,446 79,300 40.51b. 3 459 911 78,129 12,642 134,305 45.8 Ib. Silver 55,704 Gold ' ' 7,446 Cost per ton (calculated) : Mining (including development) $2 32 $2 34 Transportation to smelter Smelting .55 2 76 .505 2 65 Frt. and ref. on bullion .76 .73 Total costs $6 39 $6 225 Crediting gold and silver : Gold... 1 88 1 88 Silver . 36 374 Credit per ton Net cost production applied to copper Cost of copper per pound Development $2.24 $4.15 10.22^ 4 861 ft $2 . 254 $3.97 8.65jl 7 799 ft Total development 43,160 ft. 38,299 ft. The erratic and inadequate railway service kept shipments below tonnage expected. MINING COSTS AT SULPHIDE MINE FOR FIVE-YEAR PERIOD 1904 TO 1908, INCLUSIVE Wet tons treated Moisture tons Per cent, moisture . . Dry tons ore Cost f.o.b. smelter. . . Cost per ton net 385,973 8,853 2.3 377,120 $984,109 2.55 See also Appendix, page 369 10 146 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD OHIO COPPER COMPANY BINGHAM, UTAH, U. S. A. U. S. Currency Period Six Months Ended March 31, 1912 Production 1912 Total cost per ton Cost per pound : Mining, per pound copper Transportation, per pound copper Milling, per pound copper Freight concentrates Smelting Freight, refining and selling commissions Total cost per pound.- Credit gold and silver Net cost per pound Pounds copper 3,754,866 Gross value $556,517 Credit gold and silver 10,671 Smelter charges 46,149 Freight concentrates 7,938 Freight, refining, selling, interest 78,198 Total $132,285 Operating expenses 251,049 Operating profit crediting gold and silver $184,346 Interest on debt, taxes, legal expenses 74,869 Net profit $109,476 Mine and mill : Tons ore mined dry 311,067 Crude ore contents, per cent 1 . 176 Concentrates produced dry, tons 9,219 Copper contents, per cent 22. 179 Ratio of concentration 33 . 74 into 1 Copper loss, per cent 44 . 13 Costs per ton : Mining, per ton dry $0.267 Transportation, per ton dry . 160 Milling .370 Freight concentrates .025 Smelting .148 Freight, refining and selling commissions .251 $1.221 1.328 3.067 .211 1.23 2.08 10.131^ .284 1.847^ See also Appendix, page 369 UTAH 147 SOUTH UTAH MINES AND SMELTERS NEWHOUSE, UTAH, U. S. A. Period, Sept. 1-10 to June 30, 1912 U. S. Currency Production : Total pounds copper 5,527,810 Total ounces silver 43,691 Total ounces gold 2,450 ($48,999) Net operating loss $118,353 Tons milled 426,002 Average per cent, copper ." 1 . 142 Tons concentrates shipped 34,062 Average per cent, copper and iron 8.438 (28.86) Average ratio concentration 12 . 51 into 1 Average mill recovery 59 . 09 Concentrates contents : Copper 5,747,983 Silver 47,002 Gold 2,412 Crude ore shipped, tons 701 Contents, per cent. : Copper 12 . 39 Silver, oz 2.201 Gold, oz 0533 Iron 27.58 Total tons shipped 34,763 Pounds copper shipped 7 5,921,864 Ounces silver shipped 48,546 Ounces gold shipped 2,450 Cost per ton : Exploration $ . 0461 Development 0387 Mining and tramming . 7497 Milling 6723 Smelting ' 2424 Freight and refining . 2267 Miscellaneous including taxes, cone, and ore freight, legal exp .... . 2496 Total cost $2.225 Credits, gold, silver, iron, etc .216 Net operating cost. $2 . 009 Cost per pound : Total operating before credits 17. 17 i Credits 1.67 Net cost per pound 15 . 5Q Development, feet 5,082 See also Appendix, page 370 148 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD UNITED STATES SMELTING, REFINING & MINING COMPANY Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency Among the mines which the company owns and operates are the follow- ing: Mammoth Copper Mining Co., Kenneth, Calif.; Centennial Eureka Mining Co., Eureka, Utah; Compania de Real del Monte y Pachuca, Pachuca, Mex.; Gold Roads Mines Co., near Needles, Calif. In addition to the above there are smelting, refining companies, etc. 1912 1911 1910 Earn, after costs, sell exp. and repairs Deprec., improv. and reserve $5,497,965 1,265,000 $3,961,102 1,120,689 $3,738,541 1,067,069 Administrative and legal 187,154 Profit . . . $4,232,965 $2,840,413 $2,484,318 Copper, pounds Lead, pounds Silver, ounces Gold, ounces 21,152,620 56,385,769 12,059,829 140,183 22,199,141 49,022,791 10,285,150 118,703 28,430,425 51,450,985 10,776,465 113,246 Copper, per cent, in value 21.81 21.48 25.90 Lead, per cent in value 15 38 16 81 16.33 Silver, per cent in value 45 29 42 72 41.14 Gold, per cent in value 17.52 18.99 16.63 Average price copper Average price lead Average price silver Tonnage ijore produced 16. 237*5 4.529^ 61.291?" 1,198,251 12.459^ 4.428f5 53.8154 1,037,685 12.828>f 4.478*! 54.003^ 777,355 34 38 40 Value lead, per cent 3 6 6 Value silver, per cent 42 35 36 Value gold, per cent 21 21 18 1913 Operations : Profit, $3,585,586. Tons produced 1,294,934. Copper, Ib. 20,239,973; lead, 58,116,504 lb.; silver, oz. 13,089,708. Price copper, 15.4431. See also Appendix, page 370 UTAH 149 UTAH CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. BINGHAM, UTAH, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 1909 Sales metal, allowing bullion on hand, beginning and end yr. incl. interest. $1,730,677 4,226 $1,677,989 7,091 $1,331,243 3,779 $1,906,759 3,044 Total income $1,734,903 $1,684,880 $1,335,022 $1,909,799 Expenses . . 1,170,980 1,286,450 1,309,673 1,770,536 Operating profit Dividends received $563,923 40,000 $398,430 40,000 $25,349 40,000 $139,263 15,000 Profit for year Production : $603,923 6,506,814 $438,430 9,162,023 $65,349 7,489,471 $154,263 10,043 900 8,734,398 3,311,939 None None Silver ounces 230,004 160,367 154,322 298,167 Gold, ounces Tons mined and shipped dry Mine shipments: Copper ore, dry tons Per cent, copper Gold, ounce Silver, ounce 14,042 183,386 159,143 2.146 .077 .828 16,730 170,827 162,522 2.89 .093 .981 14,805 177,0442 179,224 2.458 .0843 .9627 21,569 280,637 280,637 Not available Not available Not available 23,713 7 793 None Per cent, lead '. . 19.974 22.164 None None Silver, ounces 4.189 5.41 None None Lead concentrates, dry tons 1 530 21.872 512 21.984 None None None None 5.432 5.038 None None Prod, from furnace bottoms : Copper, pounds 222,780 Gold ounces 383 5 117 Costs per ton mined and shipped Mining and tramway (approx.) : $2.52 $2.37 $2.22 $1.71 Exploring and development .68 2 46 1.06 2 84 .67 3.42 .39 3 50 Gen'l exp. east, office, int., etc.. Ref., frt., sell and insurance. . . .19 .53 .23 1.02 .403 .68 .15 .56 Total cost Development, ft $6.38* 12,320 $7.514 18,799 $7.39 11,433 $6.31 8,950 1 Contains small values gold and copper not given. 2 Mined. 3 Includes item 7 cents per ton written off to "mi~r plant." * Concentrates included in tonnage. Results approxi- mate. ^ee also Appendix, 370 and 400 150 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD UTAH COPPER CO. BINGHAM, UTAH, U. S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 1913 1912 1911 Pounds copper 113,942,834 91,366,337 93 514 419 Ounces silver 285,589 311,391 366 907 Ounces gold 28,121 34 255 40 203 Operating revenue $17,797 564 $15 345 953 $12 825 953 Operation expense 11,494,341 9 038 711 8 324 053 Net operating profit .... $6,303,223 $6 307 242 $4 501 899 Miscellaneous income 2,270,200 $2 222 562 1 766 995 Total income Net after interest Yards capping removed $8,573,423 $8,513,105 4,835,479 $8,529,804 $8,449,272 4 676 568 $6,268,894 $6,237,928 5 450 604 Ore treated, tons 7,519,392 5,315 321 4 680 801 Average grade ore, per cent 1.25* 1 3642 1 51 Recovery, per cent Pounds recovered 63.95 15.95 66.32 18 09 69.53 21 03 Gross prod, concentrates 119,939,809 96,175,090 98 436 224 Grade concentrates I 17.31 20 75 25 62 Price copper, cents 15.167 15 839 12 646 91 02 77 81 74 Per cent, underground, Utah mine 8.98t 4.33 17 86 4 22 Cost per ton : calculated $ 606 $ 73 $ 743 809 83 886 Selling com .022 075 .03 07 .025 075 016 03 046 Miscellaneous costs: Steam shovel with prop, gen'l exp Stripping and prospecting $1.528 20.94 8.32 $1.70 26.35^ 8.84 $1.775i 24.61 Total . 29.26 35 19 Underground mining 51.80 51 77 52 69 Underground development 17.72 15.62 15 66 23 04 30 32 31 98 9 84 12 01 12 81 Total mining cost 32.88 42.33 44.79?$ Milling 36 76 41 58 41 68 Milling in July and August 31 09 Freight to concentrator. . . 30.07 UTAH 151 UTAH COPPER CO. Continued. 1913 1912 1911 Cost per ton, dry : $.3288 $.4233 $ . 4479 .2797 .2848 .3078 Milling .3676 .4158 .4168 Total $.9761 $1.1239 $1.1725 Cost per pound, cents, from reports : Credit gold and silver Credit miscl. earn., R.R. and income in Utah 9.498?$ 8.642 9.024jf 8.459 8 781 7.8655,5 Value gold and silver rec. per pound, 1 .643 .957 1.07 i Includes $149,000 taxes. * Trifle under this, t Includes Boston Mine. Resume 1910 Operations. Prod. 84,502,475 Ibs.; net income $5,401,775; grade ore 1.54%; costs per ton $1.80, per Ib. 8.069^. Re*sume 1909 Operations. Prod. 51,749,233 net pounds; total income $7,227,348; total cost $5,067,258; operating profit $2,160,090; cost per pound 8.787^; price copper 12.96^f; costs per ton not given. Resume 18 Months Ending Dec. 31, 1908. Prod. 54,051,212; income $7,682,569; costs $5,280,416; profit $2,402,153; cost per pound 8.85^; price copper 13.20^. Remarks. The mines are located in Bingham Canon, Utah, 20 miles southwest of Salt Lake City. The formation is monzonite porphyry. Ore consists of secondary chalcocite disseminated through rock. The aver- age grade of the ore based on last estimate Jan. 1, 1914, was 1.470 per cent, copper. The average thickness of capping corresponds to 177,467 cu. yds. of stripping per acre. The average thickness of the ore is 424 ft. The ore- bodies lie both sides of the canon. Mining operations are carried on in benches one above another on the mountain side. Standard gauge rail- road tracks run to the various ore faces. Mining is principally by steam shovel, twenty-two steam shovels operating. Ore and over-burden are dumped into standard gauge cars. Concentrator is situated at Garfield, 20 miles from mine. Utah Copper Co. owns railroad. (B. & G. Ry.) Concentrator has working capacity of 22,000 tons a day. Concentrates are smelted at Garfield smelter of the A. S. & R., 4 miles from mill. Company has low smelting rate. Blister copper is sent to Atlantic seaboard for refining. Electric power generated from coal at mill is used at mine and concentrator. Some electric power is now obtained from the Utah Power & Light Co.'s plant. This is expected to be reflected in low cost for mining and milling. Ore reserves, January 1, 1914332,500,000 tons, 1.47 %. 152 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD & 3 2 a -3 5d -t> a; I s im me Hoist Engineers Mac m O T* IO IO O O * CO 5 I 7 1 A *< ^< IO O O T( IO O O CO "*' rj< rjJ CO : : is i Sg Mil" TJ< rj< o IO * O 10 1 Tt< &;> 88 g 88TT88 8^ eocoioiococo co CM 888 : 8 CO CO CO 8 i_ O O . IN o I I I I 10 | ij IO O O O IQ O CZ> COCOI>OOO COI> O*O ^8 8g : :-| g : ; I v ii 3 .! 11^1 s^-g I > ^^ o ft ^ 2 08 DOMINION OF CANADA U. S. CURRENCY TON = 2000 LBS. BRITISH COLUMBIA HEDLEY GOLD MINING COMPANY HEDLEY, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 1912 1911 1910 Receipts $748,133 Expenditures 362,253 Profit $385,880 Interest on cash Total profit $385,880! Tons milled 70,455 Average value $11.19 Extraction cone., per cent 81 Extraction cyanide, per cent 73 Total extraction, per cent 95 Value recovered $10 . 63 Costs per ton : Mining $1.91 Transportation .26 Milling .58 Cyaniding .41 Shipping and smelting concentrates. . . .94 Shipping and refining bullion .01 Total cost .' $4. 11 Development, feet 1340 Diamond drilling, feet 6380 1 Including interest of $9834. Operations were carried on during 4 months of 1909, but as figures are not representative, they have been omitted. See also Appendix, page 371 153 $679,616 370,814 $308,802 9,350 $318,152 57,815 $11.19 75 76 94 $11.99 $2.11 .27 .76 .65 .94 .01 $4.74 1315 3160 $519,356 255,370 $263,986 7,781 $271,767 46,828 $12.31 54 71 90 $11.07 $1.95 .32 .64 .58 .70 .03 $4.22 1700 154 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD MOTHERLODE SHEEP CREEK MINING COMPANY SALMO, SHEEP CREEK, WEST KOOTENAY DISTRICT, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA Period, Month of May, 1913 U. S. Currency Production : Gross ounces, Troy 3,339.21 Fine ounces gold 1,493.96 Fine ounces silver 611 . 32 Bullion receipts $31,244 . 00 Miscellaneous interest. . . ...... 71.00 Total income $31,315.00 Total expenses 14,816.00 Operating profit $16,499.00 Tons ore milled 2,156 Recovery per ton $14.49 Total income per ton 14 . 52 Total expenses per ton 6 . 872 Operating profit per ton $7 . 653 Estimated extraction, per cent 95.4 Cost per ton : Mining $4.259 Milling 1.604 General expense . 683 Marketing bullion . 326 Total $6 . 872 Remarks. Property is located at Salmo, British Columbia. Mine is reached by 12-mile wagon haul. Property is developed by several tunnels to depth of 450 ft. and a shaft is sinking below this level. Ore occurs in vein 2 ft. to 30 in. in width. Ore averages about $20 per ton, 95 per cent, of the values are gold. Mining is over-hand stoping. A 4-foot width is stoped. Property has 70-ton mill-stamp, tube mill and cyanide. Mill is operated by Pelton water wheels direct connected. Mill started Sept., 1912. Property has not been operated sufficiently long to give yearly figures. BRITISH COLUMBIA 155 BRITISH COLUMBIA COPPER COMPANY GREENWOOD, BRITISH COLUMBIA, DOMINION OF CANADA Year Ended Dec. 31, 1912 1 Nov. 30, 191 1| Nov. 30, 1910|Nov. 30, 1909 11,146,811 9,944,987 7,143,456 6 325 000 Gold ounces 25,862 31,144 24,962 18 244 Silver, ounces . . . 142,025 134,266 84,180 64,234 Proceeds metal shipped Min .smelt, sell, gen'l office expense Custom ore purchased $2,483,664 1,570,205 495,087 $1,968,158 1,533,263 300,966 $1,466,749 1,158,294 51,893 $1,324,957 985,216 58,780 Profit 1 $425 985 $133 929 $256 561 $204 973 Tons treated : B. C. copper ore Custom ore Converter slag. . .- 443,022 284,575 12,992 385,829 212,927 10,189 399,353 36,575 5,744 362,423 6,964 . 3,949 Total YieldB. C. ores: 740,589 13 6 608,945 16 4 441,672 18 373,336 17 7 Gold and silver, val. per ton. . . Price rec'd for copper Blister copper produced Costs : Cost per ton (total) Cost per pound, crediting gold and silver Coke consumption, tons $.762 16.664* 11,259,140 $2.459 12.855* 103,154 $1.133 12.33*5 10,044,093 $2.882 11.635* $1.23 12.778* 7,199,034 $2.730 9.048* $1.03* 13.08 6,366,318 $2 . 683 9.829* Miscellaneous costs : Mining and crushing at mine, per ton. 56.58* Detailed costs for the various years are not available, for one month in each year with certain other data: We give below, however, costs December, 1912 April, 1911 August, 1910 March, 1909 Tonnage 64,807 58,441 37,512 49,182 Fine copper, production, pounds. 893,492 952,284 638,165 888,569 Costs: Mining and freight per ton .... $0.7406 $0.9583 $0.9854 $0.8866 Smelting per ton 1.2486 1.106 1.2386 1.0192 Converting per pound .0065662* .00437* .005435* .0041233* Frt., ref., sell. comm. per pound .025* .025* .025* .025* Shipment, tons : 1912 1911 1910 1909 Mother Lode 410,686 340,029 359,502 338,639 Wellington Camp 9,935 27,361 15,591 Lone Star & Washington 2,101 3,064 11 950 Napoleon 17,118 14,134 11,774 16,614 Queen Victoria 1,080 Orodenoro 13,337 11,771 1 After miscellaneous earnings. See also Appendix, page 371 156 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD BRITANNIA MINING AND SMELTING CO., LTD. BRITANNIA BEACH, HOWE SOUND, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 1912 1911 Production, Ib. copper Production, ounces silver Tons treated 14,300,000 76,500 193,000 8,685,000 46,000 Average copper value. . . Average silver value $11.10 $ .33 118,900 Total value $11.43 Costs (estimated): $1 00 Transportation .30 Treatment 1 625 Total $2 . 925 Remarks. The mine is developed by tunnels. A long main haulage tunnel is now being driven 1200 ft. deeper than the lowest workings. Ore is now transported by aerial tramway from upper workings. Tram is 3| miles long to concentrator situated at Britannia Beach, Howe Sound. Ore- bodies originally developed were large but low grade. Owing to zinc and iron in the ore, difficulties were met with in concentration. Grade concen- trate was very low. In 1909 in some new work which was being carried on a vein was encount- ered which carried better values with less iron and zinc. A considerable tonnage of 2^ to 3 per cent, copper ore was developed here. The ore carries about ^o oz. of silver to the per cent, copper. The copper occurs as chalcopyrite. The concentrates are shipped to Tacoma for smelting. The concentrates as shipped now run about 14 per cent, copper and 1.4 oz. silver per ton. The mine is 4 miles from the sea. Elevation of mine, 3500 ft. Mining method is glory hole and tunnel. Mine and mill have hydro- electric power. The ore-bodies are very wide, occurring as lenses in big mineralized zone. Some of the above has been taken from the Annual Report of the Minister of Mines in British Columbia. BRITISH COLUMBIA 157 THE CONSOLIDATED MINING AND SMELTING CO. OF CANADA, LTD. TRAIL, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA 15 Months, ended Sept. 30, 1913 Year ended June 30, 1912 Year ended June 30, 1911 Receipts : Income sales smelter product ore, etc Product on hand end of year $8,018,485 1,109,770 $4,911,231 868,112 $4,462,077 888,597 Total 9,128,255 5,779,343 5,350,674 Prod, on hand beginning of year 868,112 888,597 812,933 Total 8,260,143 4,890,746 4,537,741 Rents and sundry income 20,459 7,499 2,109 Total income $8,280,602 $4,898,245 $4,539,850 Expenses: Custom ore purchased Freight, ore from company's mines Min., smelt, and general expense Development $3,151,325 71,046 3,110,794 598,239 146 019 $1,805,275 55,413 2,162,227 319,548 43 120 $1,197,343 172,322 2,269,892 438,354 Deprec of plant 193 256 185 120 193,342 Royalties, director's fees and sundry 11,554 17,192 66,317 Total expenses $7 282 235 $4 587 899 $4,337,572 Profit $998,367 $310,346 $202,278 PRODUCTION, JULY 1, 1912, TO SEPTEMBER 30, 1913 Weight in tons Gold in ounces Silver in ounces Lead in pounds Copper in pounds Gross value Center Star ore 193 293 Center Star concen- 42 129,713 62,210 1,843,642 $2,995,514 trates. LeRoi ore 66,113 concentrates. . . Sullivan ore 475 41,284 27,876 29,376 448,379 23,411,667 1,276,826 814,469 1,281,150 St. Eugene ore 1,826 . 46,082 1,690,885 98,623 Number seven ore .... Molly Gibson ore 4,526 1,635 803 26,832 120 932 39,612 421 517 34,451 93,506 Silver King ore (1,207) (26) (7 859) (48,071) (12,316) Number One ore 3,027 114,431 98,868 72,534 Highland c o n c e n- trates. Maestro ore 146 157 2,248 2,916 162,497 144,300 . .. 8,444 8,190 Richmond-Eureka ore 1,368 47 383 320 976 42,124 Smelted Trail smelter . 407,124 186,017 3,224,408 48,325,252 3,454,814 8,335,668 158 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD CONS. MINING & SMELTING CO. OF CANADA, LTD. Continued 1912 Tons Gold in ounces Silver in ounces Lead in pounds Copper in pounds Gross value Center Star group. 170,082 83,946 46,208' 1,859 894 $2 005 356 Le Roi 39,345 15,016 17,633 764,502 428 964 St. Eugene ore 13,460 59,673 2,538,163 133 465 concentrates 2,288 Richmond Eureka Molly Gibson cone . . . Number One 1,626 2,144 436 56,747 118,511 41,738 278,079 652,669 27,154 42,875 90,993 25,753 Sullivan (21,189) (205,654) (10 569,211) (517 206) Trail smelter Smelted 296,458 129,789 1,765,992 26,072,074 2,914,181 $5,083,078 1911 Tons ore Gold in ounces Silver in ounces Lead in pounds Copper in pounds Gross value Center Star group . 193,223 81,348 60,200 2,318,456 $1,980,112 St. Eugene ore 47,705 concentrates 7,708 204,044 9,012,152 429,044 Richmond-Eureka Phoenix amalgamated . . Snowshoe (leased) Sullivan (leased) Number Seven group. . . Queen Victoria 3,168 2,244 85,627 34,065 1,776 1,985 46 5,335 445 13 115,656 379 22,450 258,376 20,052 744 720,306 14,187,354 49,674 6,195 2,001,700 59,210 87,638 1,885 363,702 635,223 19,339 7,977 Molly Gibson Trail smelter 733 Smelted 388,785 119,067 31,043 1,458,758 197,634 24,026,015 4,421,988 23,435 4,437,901 1894 to date Weight in tons Gold in ounces Silver in ounces Lead in pounds Copper in pounds Gross value Center Star 2 033 964 1,016,643 1,019,368 34,261,009 $26,489,615 Le Roi ore 1 601 738 764,912 1,109,298 44,634,008 22,462,640 concentrates 475 Sullivan. . . . 188,648 1,694,402 86,821,629 4,364,805 St. Eugene ore. . . . Number Seven i Molly Gibson i Silver King i Number One 1 Highland 1,017,106 7,388 4,512 (1,207) 3,463 146 1,472 (26) 5,365,232 58,395 270,486 (7,859) 156,169 2,248 229,305,721 89,286 1,271,820 126,022 162,497 (48,071) 10,626,608 64,898 207,934 (12,316) 98,287 8,444 1 Maestro 157 2,916 144,300 8,190 Richmond-Eureka. . 14,120 663,769 4,168,104 507,285 Phoenix amalga- mated. Smelted Trail smelter. 2,493 3,551,051 53 1,332,929 423 23,449,031 299,295,896 8,409 54,244,797 2,336 60,502,672 Note. Production given above includes that of previous owners. 1 Since Company acquired property only. Previous records not available. See also Appendix, page 372 BRITISH COLUMBIA 159 CENTRE STAR MINE ROSSLAND, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA Production 1911-12 1910-11 1,859,891 2,318,456 Ounces Ag 46,208 60,200 Ounces Au ' 83,946 81,348 Total income Total exp $1,703,132.30 1,301,434.66 $1,673,184.49 1,415,734.93 Working profit $401,697.64 $257,449.56 Tons mined 170,082 193,223 Av grade per ton i Au .494 ' Au .421 Costs per ton : Mining Hauling Smelting Ag .27 Cu .53% $4.53 .20 2.91 Ag.31 Cu .60% $4.14 .20 2.98 Total cost per ton $7.64 $7.32 Fe CaO APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF ORE 15 per cent. 44 per cent. 5 per cent. 15 per cent. 8 per cent. S Remarks. Accessibility.' Within half mile of town of Rossland, B. C. Altitude about 3800 ft. Railroad connection by Canadian Pacific Ry. to within 10 ft. of shaft house. Smelter 10 miles distant by railway, at Trail, B. C. Also connection to Great Northern Ry. Character of Ore. Variable amounts of pyrrhotite and chalcopyrite, carrying gold and silver in silicious gangue. Ore-body. Deposition and replacement in shear zones and intersecting fissures in monzonite and porphyry cut by numerous dykes. Dip 45 to 75. Width. Variable from few inches to 10 ft. Method of Opening. By inclined shaft with levels at intervals of 100 to 150 ft. Method of Mining. Overhead stoping on square sets, stulls, or by shrink- age system. Depth of Mine. 2000 ft Amount of Water. 250,000 to 500,000 gal. per 24 hours. Method of Ore Reduction.- Hand sorting and smelting. General Conditions. Country rock and ore both very hard; ore-bodies erratic in distribution and values, requiring large amount of development and exploratory work, often 35 per cent, to 40 per cent, of total cost of mining. 160 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD CANADA COPPER CORPORATION YALE DISTRICT, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA This company owns the Copper Mountain property. An extensive de- velopment campaign was carried on at the property in 1913. ESTIMATED COST PER TON Mining . $1 . 00 Milling and transportation 1.00 (Flotation methods) Smelting and freight 90 (Ratio of conct. 16 : 1) General .^5 $3.05 Credit, Au, Ag .25 Per ton $2 . 80 On yield of 28 Ib. per ton, cost per pound is $. 10. See also Appendix, page 372 VOIGT'S CAMP YALE DISTRICT, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA The following estimated cost and other data are given on Voigt's Camp, located near Princeton, B. C. This camp came into prominence in 1912 and 1913 through the development work carried on in that section by the British Columbia Company. ESTIMATED COST PER TON Mining $1.10 Smelting 1 . 65 Selling, refining, etc 75 General. . . .20 $3.70 Credit, Au, Ag 80 Cost per ton $2.90 On yield of 24 Ib., cost per pound will be 12 cent?s. Remarks. Location. Property is situated 12 miles from Princeton, B. C., which is on the Great Northern Railway. Accessibility. Same as Copper Mt., B. C. Character Ore and Geology. Ore occurs as disseminated chalcopyrite associated with hematite and magnetite in lenticular bodies of varying size. The ore carries about 80 cents gold and is self fluxing except for a small sulphur deficiency. The country rock is diorite and granite. Mining. Same as for Copper Mt., B. C. Smelting. For economical utilization of these ores, smelter will have to be erected in vicinity of the mine, and railroad connections made to base of supplies. General Conditions, Same as for Copper Mt., B. C, BRITISH COLUMBIA 161 GRANBY CONSOLIDATED MINING, SMELTING AND POWER CO., LTD. GRAND FORKS, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA Year Ending June 30 1913 1912 1911 1910 22,688,614 13,231,121 17,858,860 22,750 111 324,336 225,305 343,178 355 749 47,266 33,932 41,707 48 804 Income, expenses and profit : $4,782,691 $2,874,759 $3,219,271 $4,099 925 Expenses, mine, smelt, frt., ref., sell., and gen. expenses. $3,402,972 165,119 $2,128,211 163,169 $2,710,073 291,783 $3,343,150 191,828 $3,568,092 $2,291,380 $3,001,856 $3,534 978 Net profit $1,214,599 $583,3781 $217,415 $564,946 Costs per ton: $0.754 $0 771 7 months $0 87 254 1 340 1 361 11 Total cost per ton $2.65 $2.90 $2.77 $2.5952 . . $2 50 blister. Cost of smelting $1.214 $1.256 Cost per pound: Cred., gold and silver. Ore smelted, tons: Granby 10.6j< 1,264,690 ll.li 721,719 ll.li 959,563 10.3jf 1,175,548 Foreign Mine dev., feet Price, copper Metal recovered per ton: 15,179 11,517 16.039j5 17.68 17,800 6,365 15.58$f 24,783 9,894 12.32>< 21,829 13,267 12.912f< 18.70 Silver, ounces 208 .2281 Gold, ounces .0326 .370 Grade matte, per cent Average Value of Ore in Mine : Copper, per cent. ... 32.9 33.9 35.7 1.25 .25 Gold, ounces .043 1 Depreciation not included, $600,562. 11 Cost per ton for year, $2.79. 162 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Notes on 1912 Operations. Per cent, coke used 1912 per ton ore 13.0 per cent. Smelting cost for 1912 was $1.256 and for the last five months was $1.20. Converting cost was $.084 per ton ore. Converting cost last five months was $.0637 ton ore. The copper lost in slags in 1912 was 4.2 Ib. The average grade of ore treated in 1912 was: copper 1.25 per cent., silver .29 oz., and gold .043. Coke at close of 1912 was obtained from Pennsylvania at a cost of $10.55 per ton. The average cost per ton of smelting alone for 1912 was $1.2561911, $1.172, and 1910, $1.187. Remarks. Mine is developed by shaft to approximately 1000 ft. Ore- bodies occur as large lenses. Two important ore-bodies one 2500 ft. long, by 40 to 125 ft. thick, by 370 to 900 ft. wide; other lense apparently not so large. The surface ores are worked by glory-hole or quarrying. Under- ground ores are worked by pillar and room method. The ores are princi- pally chalcopyrite, though some carry pyrite and pyrrhotite. The average analysis of the ore is as follows: SiO 2 35 per cent., Fe 13 per cent., CaO 17 per cent., Al 2 Os 8 per cent., and MgO 3 per cent. The underground workings are very extensive, aggregating 15 miles. Haulage is by electricity. Cars of large capacity. Trains dump auto- matically into the ore pockets without stopping. Many such labor saving devices as these have been installed. The mine is situated 24 miles from the smelter by railroad. Capacity of plant, 4500 tons. Smelting operations have been severely interfered with, owing to shortage of coke due to labour strikes. This has necessitated numerous shut downs at the plant. The recovery from the ore is about 85 per cent. Slags vary from .2 per cent, to .25 per cent. The matte averages from 35 per cent, to 40 per cent, copper. Granby is an extremely low cost direct smelting proposition. The condi- tions are very favourable, the ore though extremely low in copper is a good smelting mixture and this together with the large tonnage handled and the great efficiency employed make possible the costs obtained. Some of the above data under "Remarks" has been taken from the Canadian Department of Mines. RESUME OF OPERATIONS, 1900 TO 1910, INCL. Year 1901 1902 1903 1904 1905 1906 1907 1908 I 1909 1910 Dry tons 172,258 296,162290,133514,387551,304796,528644,549865,030 963,5101,178,853 shipped. . Pounds 31.49 27.23 24.58 22.87 24.68 24.30 24.43 23.42 21.90 18.70 cop. rec. per ton. Cost per $4.77 $4.08 $3.75 $3.35 $3.14 $2.87 $3.28 $3.11 $2.85 $2.59 ton. BRITISH COLUMBIA 163 HIDDEN CREEK COPPER COMPANY GRANBY BAY, OBSERVATION INLET, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA (Owned by the Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting, & Power Co.) Although no actual costs have yet been made at this property, as the mine is still in the equipment stage, we believe that the data at hand of the esti- mated cost may be of interest. The property is now being equipped with a 2000-ton smelter by the Granby Consolidated M. S. & P. Co., and it is esti- mated that production will begin early in 1914. The mine is located at Anyox, British Columbia, near the Alaska line, in the foothills of the Burniston Mountains. The elevation of the mine is from 500 to 900 ft. above sea level. The smelter site is situated on tide water only a short distance from the mine. The natural advantages for water trans- portation, mining and smelting are very good. . The rock formation is schist and the ore is a massive iron pyrite with some chalcopyrite and pyrrhotite and a little bornite, with small values in gold and silver. The ore-bodies apparently occur in lenses; one of these is opened for 750 ft. in length and is 180 ft. in width. Another ore-body is in chimney formation, roughly, 500 ft. in diameter. Estimated Cost per ton : Mining $ .93 Smelting 1 .75 Credit Gold and Silver f .20 Sell. Mkt., etc 70 Total cost / 3 . 30 General 0.12 Cost per Ib 8.4j< Yield per ton 39 Ibs. Total $3.50 Average analysis of the ore is: Silica, 26.4%; iron, 27.6%; lime, 4%; sulphur, 24.3%; alumina, 6.00%; magnesium, 2.4%. Ore reserves Dec. 31, 1913, 9,000,000 tons; 2.3% copper. The ores are direct smelting. Plant has converters. Note. Since the above was written the smelter has been placed in com- mission the first furnace having been blown in in March, 1914. 164 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD NEW DOMINION COPPER CO., LTD. GREENWOOD, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA Year ended March 31 1913 1912 1911 Ore sales. ., Total inc. miscl Min. dev., admin, and legal exp Operating profit. Production : Copper, pounds 5,317,424 Silver, ounces 79,450 Gold, ounces 10,762 Tons ore treated, gross 292,187 Tons ore treated, dry 283,898 Gross value $1,149,913 Total deductions 684,663 Net value $465,250 Less freight, 25*5 ton 73,047 $392,203 Average assay ore: Copper, per cent 1 . 2865 Silver, ounces .27985 Gold, ounces .03799 Cost per ton: Mining $.6539 Development . 1271 Construction . 0280 Crushing .0255 Genl. surface and office .0621 Total f.o,b. cars $. Treatment $1 . 85 General operations: No. working days 338 Men employed (av.) 138. 7 Av. tons per month 24,363 Av. tons per man per day 6. 144 Tons broken per machine drill per 92.8 shift. Development, feet 2873 Price rec'd for copper, cents per Ib. . . . 16.655 Price rec 'd for silver, cents per oz 61 . 743 $392,203 398,172 281,223 $116,949 Property closed from Nov. 5, 11, to Feb. 1, 12 $11,810 loss 179,6051 $3,045 loss* 1,611,880 22,430 3,828 90,858 88,613 $287,527 209,632 $ 77,895 22,722 $55,172 Shipped. 2 Deficit on preliminary ore shipments. See also Appendix, page 373. BRITISH COLUMBIA. 165 SNOWSHOE MINE PHOENIX CAMP, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA Production 1910-11 1909-10 2,001,700 4,029,902 22,450 42,561 5,335 12,413 Total income 7 $234,818.19 $523,407.67 265,495.34 551,252.38 Loss $30,677.15 $37,844.71 85,628 182,383 Au .062 Au .068 Costs per ton : Mining Ag . 262 Cu 1.168% $1.00 Ag .233 Cul.10 $ .92 Hauling .60 .60 Smelting . . 1.50 1.50 Total cost per ton $3.10 $3.02 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS Fe CaO Sul 12 per cent. 17 per cent. 41 per cent. 2.5 per cent. Remarks. Accessibility. Branch of Canadian Pacific Railway crosses the property. Character of Ore. Chalcopyrite in gangue of lime silicates, calcite, hematite, etc. Copper 1 to 1$ per cent, with $1 to $2 in gold and silver. Character of Ore-body. Impregnation deposit in altered bedded cal- careous rocks. Width. Thickness varies from nothing to 80 ft. Method of Opening.- Shaft and levels, large proportion of ore comes from open quarry workings. Method of Mining. Chamber and pillars, small pillars and large cham- bers, worked on shrinkage system, where possibly running suitable chute raises. Depth of Mine. 200 ft. from surface at deepest point. Amount of Water Pumped. Usually small. Method of Ore Reduction.' Straight smelting without roasting, owing to low sulphur content. General Conditions. Altitude 4500 ft. Fairly heavy snowfall. Elec- tric power used. Ground good; hence, practically no timber required and mining costs less than $1 per ton. Ore practically self-fluxing. Conditions generally favourable. 166 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD SULLIVAN MINE EAST KOOTENAY, BRITISH COLUMBIA, CANADA U. S. Currency Production 1911-12 1910-11 Pounds lead 10,569,211 14,187,354 Ounces silver 205,654 258,376 Total income 8408,104.38 $470,854.82 Total expense 311,323.53 400,317.35 Profit $96,780.85 $70,537.47 Tons mined 20,159 34,063 Av. grade per ton Ag 10.0 Ag 7.6 Pb26.2 Pb20.9 . Costs per ton: Mining $5.86 $4.04 Hauling 1.60 1.60 Smelting 7.98 6.12 Total cost per ton I $15.44 $11.76 APPROXIMATE ANALYSIS OF THE ORE Pb 25 per cent. Fe 16 per cent. SiOj 8 per cent. AlzOs 2 per cent. Sul 21 per cent. Zn 17 per cent. Remarks. Accessibility. Branch of C. P. Ry. to 1| miles from mine reached by aerial tramway from mouth of tunnel. Character of Ore.' Complex zinc-lead-silver ore, sulphides of lead and zinc, with pyrrhotite variable in analysis. Massive and little gangue. Ore-body thick, flat, lying, deposit probably replacement of quartzites. Forms more or less lenticular. Width. Few feet to 100 ft. Method of Opening. Drifts and raises and winzes from adit levels. Depth of Mine. 100 ft. below adit tunnel. Amount of Water Pumped. Practically none. Method of Ore Reduction. Hand-sorting and smelting for lead and silver values. General Conditions. Favourable for cheap production provided whole deposit could be worked. At present only ore high in lead can be mined, leaving the more zincy ore standing. Water power used to operate com- pressor and electric plant. Climate: cold winters, fairly heavy fall of snow. Altitude 4800 ft. Fine dry summers. ONTARIO DOME MINES COMPANY, LIMITED SOUTH PORCUPINE, ONTARIO, CANADA Year Ended Mar. 31 U.S. Currency 1913 Gross proceeds ore $1,043,995 Working expenses i 534,039 Net earnings j $509,956 Transferred to balance sheet after dev. gen'l charge and fire loss ; $371,228 Tons ore mined 128,015 Tons ore sent to mill 102,838 Of ore sent to mill from open pits there were, tons 93,581 Ore from development. 9,255 Tons ore milled 101,812 Yield by amalgamation $560,481 Yield by cyanidation 483,513 Total value $1,043,995 Value per ton yield $10.25 Recovery amalgamation and cyaniding, per cent 95.63 Cost per ton: Mining $1.31 Crushing. 0.24 Milling 2.11 General 1.29 Total... $4.95 Operating costs, given in detail above, are high and considerable reduc- tion may be expected for the forthcoming year, especially in power, superin- tendence and general. MISCELLANEOUS DATA ON DEVELOPMENT Drifts and crosscuts Linear development: Footage drilled per machine shift. Footage advanced per machine shift. Stoping : Holes drilled per machine shift Footage drilled per machine shift Tons broken per machine shift Tramming from boxes : Average tons per man shift Tramming and Development : Average tons per man shift 36 1.68 3.4i 30 43.7 16.5 .62 5.0 2 38.7 43.7 22.7 6.1 Rand No. 43. 2 Rand Hand Hammer. See also Appendix, pages 373 and 399 167 168 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD HOLLINGER GOLD MINES, LTD. PORCUPINE, ONTARIO, CANADA YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 31, 1912 Profit $600,664 Ore hoisted, tons 36,446 Ore milled, tons 45,195 Gross value $970,304 Value recovered 933,681 Of which gold was 927,134 Of which silver was 6,547 Average value ore treated $21 . 44 Costs. The costs for the year would be meaningless as work was badly deranged. Operations did not start until the middle of the year, and in November and December production fell off owing to strike at the mine. Costs for February are given, although they are inordinately high. They are indicative of what may be expected. COSTS PER TON, FOUR WEEKS ENDED FEBRUARY 25, 1913 Mining $3.588 Milling 1 .493 Administration, management and insurance 407 General charges 209 Clearing roads 015 Operating camp 261 $5.973 Alteration mill, strike, etc 771 Total $6.744 DATA FOR FOUR WEEKS ENDING MAY 20, 1913 Per ton of ore milled Administration, management, taxes, insurance, etc $ . 705 General charges . 300 Clearing surface, roads, etc . 174 Mining 4 . 478 Milling 2 . 280 Marketing bullion .229 Operating camp . 366 Alterations to general plant . 103 Fire protection . 044 $8.679 Extraordinary expenditures : Loss on temporary boarding houses . 367 Strike expenses .237 $9.283 BRITISH COLUMBIA 169 Tons mined, 6596 tons. Average value all ore hoisted, $17 . 53. The mill ran 49 per cent, of possible running time treating a total of 6550 tons. Average value of ore treated, $17 . 53. Approximate extraction, 95 per cent. The mining cost may be divided as follows, per ton milled: Exploration, $.227., development, $.745; production, $3.506; total, $4.478. During the above period the mill was shut down 12 days owing to mishaps at power plants. The report states that profit from January 1 to May 20, 1913, was $598,505. FROM REPORT NOVEMBER 2, 1912 Capacity of mill with 40 stamps (450 to 500 tons per day) Maximum stamp capacity per day 12 tons Capacity cyanide plant 600 tons Mill handling in November, 1912 300 tons per day. Ore averaging in November, 1912 $30 Extraction 97 per cent. The report states that operations in the mill have been satisfactory, the the only changes being in the cyanide plant where Dorr thickeners will be substituted in place of Trent agitators. Notes. Ore occurs in quartz veins in schist. Gold is free and with pyrite. Numerous parallel veins are under development. Development carried on to depth of 300 ft. The main vein is from 8 to 9 ft. wide. The method of treatment in the mill is as follows : Coarse grinding, stamping in cyanide solution, tube milling, concentration, and cyanide treatment of both gangue and concentrates. Porcupine and the mine have railway connection with the through lines. Labor : Skilled $3.25 to $3.75; unskilled $2.50 to $3. 500 men em- ployed. Mine and mill have electric power generated from water power. 1913 Operations: Income, $2,471,273; Gross Profit, $1,628,113. Tons milled, 140,131. Value: Hollinger ore, $18.56; Acme Ore, $12.49; Tails, $0.723. Mill extraction, 96.085%; Stamp duty, 11.51 tons. Cost per ton: Min., $1.961; Dev. and exp., $1.128; Mill, $1.753; Genl., $1.267; Total, $6.108. Total aft. Acme charge and deprec., $6.973. Ore reserves, 845,300 tons. Value, $13.71 per ton. 170 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD PORCUPINE CROWN MINES, LIMITED PORCUPINE, ONTARIO, CANADA Six Months Ended December 31, 1913 Production of gold $300,000.00 Gross income Expenses $150,000.00 Working profit Net profit $150,000.00 Mine and mill : Tons mined 30,000 Tons waste sorted 10,000 Tons milled 20,000 Average value per ton $20 . 50 Per cent, recovered amalgamation 85 Tons cyanided 5000 1 Per cent, recovered 96 1 Total recovery Six weeks, ended Dec. 31. Cost per ton: Mining $2.11 Development $1.17 Prospecting 60 Milling 1 . 64 General 1 . 50 Administration and head office. . . .77 Total $7.79 General Data. Average tonnage, 75 per day; development, etc., 5000 ft.; ore shoot, 600ft. long. Location and accessibility, Porcupine district. Geology and ore occurrence; width, vein, 4 ft.; method of development, shaft; depth of shaft, 500 ft.; method of mining, overhead stoping and shrinking; method of milling, present continuous decantation stamps to 4 mesh, tube mill to 120 mesh, then thickened to 40 per cent, moisture in five tanks. General. Strike in progress for first few months. No regular work carried on until June. Extra cost in winter due to heating. In 1914 operating on 100 tons per day at total cost of $7 per ton and extraction of over 96 per cent, on $20 heads. ONTARIO 171 COBALT, ONTARIO, CANADA The mines of Cobalt are very much alike in every particular. The veins are narrow fissures varying in width from 1 in. to 1.5 ft. to 2 ft. The ores are mainly native silver, argentite and silver-bearing niccolite and smaltite with calcite gangue. They are very rich, as a rule, but the veins are irregular both in length and depth. A depth of 250 ft. for the district is probably a fair average. The mines first worked only the narrow streaks of rich ore but are now going after the ore carrying 20 oz. silver and milling it. There is quite a tonnage of this ore in the mines and surface dumps. The high-grade ores are shipped to the smelters. The mills vary materially as to character of machinery and methods. (See Mine Notes.) Owing to the narrow width and irregularity of the veins the costs per ton are very high, but owing to the high silver content the cost per ounce silver produced is low. The camp is located on the Temiskaming and Northern Ontario Railroad, consequently transportation facilities are very good. The flow of mine water is not great. THE BUFFALO MINES, LTD. COBALT, CANADA Year Ended April 30 1912 1911 1910 1909 Production Profit Silver, ounces $853,807.58 $451,154.19 1 525 262 23 $829,337.39 $412,888.90 1 540 782 69 $785,034.05 $402,013.05 1 491 750 $479,482.67 $204,289.16 931 991 28 Mill ore, tons 46,801 41,484 33,708 13 005 Average silver, ounces gross Mill recovery, per cent 32.35 83.88 36.07 86 98 40.0 82 67 43.5 86 Ore shipped, tons Average silver, ounces 113.0 2,425.0 126.5 2,221.0 115.5 3,126.0 150.0 3,000.0 Costs per ounce, silver : Mining . . Milling $.0846 0500 $.0897 0412 $.0857 0391 $.1136 0300 Cyaniding . . .0151 .0237 0188 Installation and repairs Depreciation .0061 .0159 .0184 .0206 .0300 .0218 .0406 .0397 Boarding house Transportation and treatment . '. . Administration .0032 .0527 0384 .0048 .0487 0242 .0034 .0359 0229 .0033 .0343 0335 $.2660 $.2713 $.2576 $.2950 See also Appendix, page 399 172 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD COBALT LAKE MINING CO., LTD. COBALT, CANADA Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 1912 Production, silver, ounces Total income Total expenses Profit Tons ore hoisted Average gross value per ton Tons ore milled Average silver contents, ounces Tons concentrates produced Silver in concentrates, ounces Ounces silver rec 'd per ton Ounces silver in tails Cost per ton milling Mill recovery approximate, per cent Cost per ounce, silver: General office expense Depreciation, maintenance, mill operation... Development Ore extraction Exploration Total... 1,123,147 $649,180.51 229,080.19 $420,100.32 24,647.50 $26.27 23,410.40 28 664.1 541,540.5 22.2 5.7 $1.83 80 $.04237 .07107 .03076 .02983 .02881 $.20284 The ores of this property are characteristic of the district, though there is evidently a greater proportion of lower grade milling ore than in the veins of its neighbors. The milling practice is one of concentration en- tirely. The ore is first picked over. Next, passed to a Blake Crusher, sized by trommels, jigged, stamped, sized and concentrated on Wilfley and Deister tables, the Wilfley tails being re-ground in a tube-mill. This product and the Deister tails are classified and reconcentrated on Frue vanners, James slimers and canvas plant. An addition to the present plant will have twenty 1250-lb. stamps and one 5Xl6-ft. tube mill with Deister sand tables and Frue vanners. ONTARIO 173 CROWN RESERVE MINING CO., LTD. COBALT, CANADA Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency Production 1912 1911 1910 1909 Gross production . . $1,692,060 556,050 1,136,010 2,714,766 519.3 4224 Included with mill ore 15,704 21.41 16,223 172.87 $1,833,516 553,777 1,279,739 3,430,902 644.561 4641.0 390 . 256 165.0 6402 . 5 23.96 $1,757,824 572,724 1,185,100 3,248,196 818.95 3611.0 1930.4 103.4 $2,080,156 643,758 1,436,398 4,034,325 756.94 4784.0 2332.28 184.0 , Expenses, smelter charges, etc.. . Profit. . Tons ore, high-grade Aver, silver, ounces Tons ore, low-grade. . . . Aver, silver, ounces Tons mill ore Aver, silver, ounces Total tons 2753.0 3093. 1304.6 Aver silver, ounces Costs Per oz. | Per ton) Per oz| Per oz. Mine exp 3 811)5 0642 $78 04 0656 0530 Smelter, frt., etc Office, deprec., etc 1.981)5 1 604 .0249 0155 45.72 17 78 .0389 0152 .0455 0046 Milling 2.554 Mine gen '1 4 077 Total 14.027^ $.1046 $141 54 $ 1197 $ 1031 Average price rec'd 62.328j< Cost as above 14 . 027 Net profit 48.301*5 Note. Increased cost of production in 1912, due to decrease in tonnage of high-grade ore shipped and increase of ore milled. 1913 Operations: Prod. 1,776,678 oz. silver. Gross, $1,056,273. Oper- ating profit, $528,287. Cost per oz., 23.81?*. Dev. 5345 ft. 174 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD KERR LAKE MINING COMPANY, LTD. COBALT, CANADA U. S. Currency Year Ended August 31 Production and profit 1913 1912 1911 1910 Production of silver 2,109,975 $1,182,493 345,178 1,855,495 $1,044,417 275,242 2,269,680 $1,231,245 293,866 3,046,295 $1,542,194 343,974 Gross income Expenses and smelter deductions Profit $837,315 735 - 384.5 3347 161.5 450.6 18,252.3 29.29 191.51 959 . 10 $769,175 831.75 425.0 3416 245.7 308 3988.4 28.5 162.04 1253 $937,379 1936. 37 1 481.37 3577.42 1270.57 362.14 $1,198,220 4,277.19 655.56 3,775 1,179.93 362 First and second-class ore : Ore shipped, tons First-class ore, tons Average silver, ounces per ton Second-class ore, tons Average silver, ounces per ton Mill results : Mill ore tons Average ounces silver per ton Concentrates, tons Average ounces silver per ton Dump ore, tons 184.43 2,441.7 92 Average ounces silver per ton Cost per ounce : Mining and development Shipping and treatnent Metal deduction Per oz., cents Per oz., cents Per oz., cents Peroz., cents Per ton, 10.38 10.45 12.1 5.55 9.71 4.59 7.54 2.29 2.71 .73 $53.077 $16.315 $19.307 5.20 .56 .65 .39 Tons of rock hoisted . 21.39 43,134 18.30 14.69 13.27 $93.899 Of which was ore . . ... 33,738 Of which was waste 9,396 $5.07 Cost mining per ton, 43,134 tons. . . . 1 Includes jig concentrates and metallic slimes as follows: Tons, 30.5, 153.93; oz. silver, 928, 75.8. ONTARIO 175 LA ROSE CONSOLIDATED MINES CO. COBALT, CANADA Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 1912 | 1911 1910 1909 Prod, silver, ounces 2,816,597 3,691,797 $2,008,126 739,041 $1,269,085 3429.5 897.25 36,264 22.04 1146.17 526 75.37 53.55f< 64.17 2,569,905 $1,408,255 498,848 $909,407 2500.9 889.9 19,398 29.23 543.17 739 74.61 53.95>f 64.94 3,170,028 $1,691,099 748,003 $943,096 6333.3 491 18,423 28.58 628.02 663 79.12 52.26ff 56.10 Gross income SI. 753.494 Total expenses Profit $730,351 $1,023,143 3452.1 839.7 33,984 16.38 1173.52 415 Tons ore and concentrates produced Ave. silver, ounce content Tons ore milled ... Ave. ounce, silver Tons concentrates Ave. ounce, silver Extraction, per cent Av. pr. rec'd per ounce, silver Profit on production, per cent 61.66*5 5$.35 Costs per ounce, silver Cost per ton, ore Cost per ounce, silver Mining $.1179 .0362 .0047 .0587 .0013 $.1151 .0297 .0037 .0509 .0007 .0001 $.1146 .0236 .0043 .0510 .0005 .0002 $70.76 9.69 1.49 34.25 .36 1.56 $.1414 .0193 .0030 .0684 .0007 :0031 Concentration . . Depreciation Marketing Corporation exp University mine exp Less rents, etc .2768 .0175 $.2002 .0082 .1942 .0031 118.11 1.61 .2359 .0032 Total $.2593 $.1920 $.1911 $116.50 $.2327 Year ending Dec. 31, 1913: Silver, 2,636,695 oz. Income, $1,556,631. Profit, $955,418. Ore and cone, prod., 3,274 tons. Ave. silver, oz., 791.8. Tons milled, 37,556. Average silver, oz., 13.53. Tons concr., 950. Average silver oz. , 460. Price silver, 59.32. Per cent, profit on prod., 61.38. Cost per oz.: min., $. 1474; cone., .0388; deprec., .0616; mrkt., .0045; corp. exp., .0008; total, $.2531. Total after rents, $.2280. Note. The operations shown under 1909 are from May 31, 1909, to May 31, 1910, and those shown under 1910 are from June 1, 1910, to Dec. 31, 1910. At this point the fiscal year changed to correspond with the calendar years. The ore is sorted on the surface on bumping tables, and the undersize of l$-in. screen is jigged. The fines are shipped to the smelters, and jig tails together with the discards from the sorting tables, are sent to the custom concentrator and classed as mill ore. 176 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD McKINLEY DARRAGH-SAVAGE MINES, LTD. COBALT, ONTARIO, CANADA Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 1912 1911 Production silver, ounces 2,704,868 2,569 654 Gross income $1,719,702 $1,503,612 Total expenses . 565,853 529,747 Profit $1,153,849 973,864 McKinley | Savage | McKinley | Savage Tons ore and concentrates shipped Average silver, ounces Tons ore milled 2,089 . 6 912.9 51,897 503.6 1,246.4 17,888 2,755.28 741.7 46,497 470.74 1,297.1 13,917 Average silver, ounces 32.73 39.68 Extraction, per cent 86.93 89.61 Average tonnage per day 161.7 145.9 44.89 Average price for silver, ounces 61.66*i 54.16jf 54.16jS COSTS PER TON MILLED McKinley mine McKinley mine Per ton, ore Per oz., silver Per ton, ore Per oz., silver Admin taxes etc .... $0 735 $0.0185 $0 628 $0 0143 General charges .275 .0069 .344 0078 f exploration .435 .0110 .600 .0136 Mining ( development 1 production .868 .956 .0219 .0240 .840 .806 .0191 .0184 Handling mill dumps .022 .0005 Milling ! . 1.248 .0315 1.366 .0311 Bagging and loading concentrates .168 .0043 .333 .0076 Sampling and assaying .113 .0029 .124 .0028 Alteration to plant .043 .0011 .134 .0030 Surface and road repairs .005 .0001 .020 .0005 .244 .0062 .204 0046 1 968 .0497 2.283 .0519 Total $7.058 $0.1781 $7.704 $0.1752 Savage mine costs $7.483 $0.2118 $8.946 $0.2039 The McKinley ships comparatively little high-grade ore. It makes a practice of stoping good widths of mill ore and shipping the high-grade concentrates. 1913 Operations : Prod, silver, oz., 2,214,036. Gross income, $1,192,265. Expenses, $420,778. Profit, $771,487. Tons ore and cone, shipped M'Kinley, 2,200. Tons milled, 48,761. Average silver, oz.. 31.04. Ext., % 86.94. Price silver, 59. 19 jf. Cost per ton ore M'Kinley, $7.369; per oz., 21.8ji. Savage per ton, $4.989; per oz., 23.88^. BRITISH COLUMBIA 177 NIPISSING MINING CO., LTD. COBALT, CANADA Year ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 1909 4,688,261 $2,896,990 $815,279.95 $2,081,710.15 1850.9 5,197,042 $2,820,257 $863,263 $1,956,994 2992.4 885.4 922 2561 99 14,766 22.3 73.4 74.3 53.58t 5,548,651 $2,984,084 $1,096,150 $1,887,934 6717.2 835 4,727,231 $2,462,039 $1,038,035 $1,424,004 6391.7 724 Gross value Total expenses Profit . Tons, ore and concentrates shipped. Average of silver High-grade mill : Tons treated 1752 2212 99 13,894 13.3 65.9 71.86 61.457jf 13,537 29.6 Treated by custom mill : Tons ore treated Average ounces, silver 11,159 27.9 Profits on production, per cent. Ave. price rec'd ounces, silver 72.62 53.44^ 68.53 51.54j5 Cost per ounce, silver Per ton, ore Per ounce, silver Mine operation .1208 .0365 .0112 .0131 .0030 $.0893 .0215 .0074 .0266 .0038 $.0887 .0083 .0058 .0503 .0036 $59.95 5.54 7.79 41.18 1.95 $.0811 .0075 .0105 .0557 .0026 Cone, and milling Depreciation Marketing. . Corporation expense Less income Shafts and tunnels $.1846 .0107 $.1486 .0091 $.1567 .0095 $116.41 6.30 $.1574 .0085 $.1739 $.1395 $.1472 $110.11 11.11 $.1489 .0150 Total . . . $121.22 $.1636 *In 1913 the low grade was treated in what is called the company's low grade mill at a cost of $4.132 per ton of ore. The ore shipments are classified as follows: 1910 High-grade ore Low-grade silicious ore ... Concentrates Nuggets 2,500 to 3,000 ounces silver per ton 200 to 300 ounces silver per ton 400 to 1,000 ounces silver per ton 10,000 to 12,000 ounces silver per ton 73 . 6 per cent, of total value 15 . 6 per cent, of total value 5 . 3 per cent, of total value 5 . 5 per cent, of total value See also Appendix, pages_374 and 400 178 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD TEMISKAMING MINING CO., LTD. (See Appendix, page 395) COBALT, CANADA TRETHEWEY SILVER COBALT MINE, LTD. (See Appendix, page 395) COBALT, CANADA WETTLAUFER LORRAIN SILVER MINES, LIMITED SOUTH LORRAIN, ONTARIO, CANADA U. S. Currency Quarter en is Sept. 30, 1912 Mar. 31, 1912 Prod. $125 841 57 $153 516 14 Total costs $ 48 444 65 $ 51 309 34 Profits $ 77,396.92 $102,206.80 Tons | Ag. ozs. Tons Ag. ozs. First gr. 31 68 103 673 63 2 213 013 Second gr. . 60 67 41 512 25 6 20 561 Concents 29 29 46 057 17 2 29 139 Bullion 4 031 1 970 Total ". 121.64 195,273 106.0 264,683 Ave. value per ton $1448.26 Ag. at 58^ per oz. Costs Per oz. Per ton ore Per oz. Ag. Development Stoping Timbering 3.534 3.677 .823 $42.23 68.35 16 54 1.692 2.737 663 Hoisting 2.644 40 58 1 625 Tramming .430 14.02 .562 Ore sorting and concentrating Mine office ; Gen. exp 3.082 .238 48.87 11.69 1.957 .468 Assur and sur 702 15 31 613 Board H exp 108 1 6 95 278 Plant and eq .326 59 42 2 380 Dumps A and B . . .804 Gen. mine ex. , . ... .874 17.026>f 3 277 $323.96 $70 47 12.975?! 2 823 1 049 24 04 964 Supt and engineers' salaries 1 383 25 47 1 021 Taxes 922 23 59 944 Treas salary and N Y. off. exp. 1 152 16 52 .662 Total 24.809*5 $484 . 05 19.389jf i Profit. The vein is similar to the Cobalt veins. It is a small streak of very high- grade silver ore. The depth dev. is about 300 ft. by shaft. The mill consists of sorting table, jigs and two concentrating tables. A Huntington mill will be added to crush the jig tails. ONTARIO 179 LABOUR COSTS IN COBALT AND PORCUPINE MINING CAMPS Nine hours a day Cobalt Porcupine Machine men Helpers Muckers and trammers $3.25 2.75 2.50 $3.50 3.00 2 75 Cage-tenders 2.75 3.00 3 25 3.50 Extra 25 i for sinking in wet places. Board, per day .60 .75 Millman, 12 hours average Blacksmith Hoisting engineer Fireman and pipe-fitters 3.50 4.25 3.50 3.00 3.75 4.50 3.75 3.25 Data by Mr. Samuel Cohen. TILT COVE ESTABLISHMENT TILT COVE, NEWFOUNDLAND Operated by Cape Copper Co. Year Ended Aug. 31 Money Sterling and U. S. 1911 Production. . 30,940 14s. 8d. 19,928 10s. 4d. 11,012 4s. 4d. Costs Operating balance East Mine | South Lode | West Mine Bluff Long tons ore mined Average copper content, per cent. . . Working costs (long ton) 16,094 3.27 $2.42 10,728 3.63 $1.80 2,255 8.07 $6.22 Notes.- The mines are operated by "opencast" method. The ore is shipped. No further description is given of the ore-bodies or the methods practiced. It will be noticed that the financial data is expressed in pounds sterling and costs in dollars. They are so given in the report. 180 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD YUKON GOLD COMPANY YUKON TERRITORY, CANADA U. S. Currency 1912 1911 1910 1909 Total production Total expenses $4,863,448 2,142,029 $3,106,127 $2,748,098 $1,474,599 Profits $2,721,419 Dawson dredging operations: Cubic yards gravel Gross value 5,157,280 $3,346,026 4,151,249 $2,671,845 3,249,788 $2,150,723 2,381,880 $1 363 722 Value per yard 64 SSp 64 35?! 66 18* 57 24* Cost per yard Profit per yard 30.64?! 34 24 jf 35.43?! 28 92?! 31.09* 35 09* 31.94?! 25 30?! Dawson hydraulicking : Cubic yards gravel Gross value 2,967,750 $629,043 2,125,551 $434 282 1,406,397 $696 375 705,544 $385 877 Value per yard Cost per yard Profit per yard Length of season, days 172... Iditarod dredging : Cubic yards gravel 21.19?! 9.37?! 11.82* 172,233 20.43?! 15.50$; 4.93?; 49.51?! 25.69* 23.82?! 54.41?! 41.78* 12.63?! Gross value $404,040 Value per yard 2 34 Cost per yard 4591 Profit per yard $1.8809 Cost per yard Minimum Maximum Average Labour. 015 030 023 Supplies .006 .019 .013 Repairs 002 020 004 Fuel .001 .003 .001 Power .006 .037 .024 Thawing .000 .200 .150 Fixed charges .050 .130 .090 .080 .439 .305 1913 Operations i Prod. $4,789,402. Expenses, $2,251,955. Profit, $2,- 537,447. Cubic yards gravel, 5,133,575. Value per yd.,65.13^. Cost, 29.53 ?<. Profit, 35.60?*. Yds. gravel hydraulicking, 2,875,952. Value per yd. 8.9ff. Cost, 9.7?f. Loss on operations. Iditarod: Yds. dredged, 496,756; Value, $1.67; Cost, $.64; Profit, $1.02. YUKON TERRITORY SUMMARY DREDGING OPERATIONS, 1913 181 Period Oct., 1913 6 Months ended Oct. 31 Cost per yard : Direct cost : .0017 .0008 .0410 .0238 Fuel .0043 .0009 Shop expense (repairs) .0006 .0021 Material and supplies. . .0043 .0174 Power .0418 .0246 Total direct .0937 .0696 Indirect cost : . 0355 .0228 Taxes (representation) .0008 .0005 Bullion charges .0224 .0198 General charges .0130 .0185 Depreciation .0273 .0183 Insurance . .0020 .0012 Assay office. . . .0014 .0013 Stables .0052 .0021 0005 .0003 .0009 .0001 .0050 .0051 Total indirect .1140 .0900 Thawing . .0798 .1357 Total operating costs .2875 .2953 See also Appendix, page 374 MEXICO SONORA CRESTON COLORADA COMPANY SONORA, MEXICO Year Ended Sept. 30 U. S. Currency 19121 1911 1910 1909 Production Production slimes $778,750 $695,886 255,954 $658,883 381,671 Oper. exp. mine ore Oper. prof, mine ore Oper. prof, slimes 662,629 116,121 510,105 185,781 70,064 581,806 77,026 .170,421 Net profit $107 257 $247,442 $241 547 Tonnage Revenue per ton 130,664 $6.20* 199,700 186,700 $4 05 107,500 $6.47 96,100 $6 85 Slimes . $4.41 $6.22 Cost per ton : Mining $ .90 $ .66 $1.23 $1.86 $2.64 23 09 Milling Cyaniding .58 .94 .53 .97 .53 1.15 .78 1.33 .90 1.47 General expense 12 26 29 .34 .42 Bullion 22 19 .23 .41 .47 Total $3 13 3 $2.70 $3.43 $4.74 $5.90 Total slimes 3.20 3.44 Profit per ton .62 1.72 1 21 .80 2 77 76 79 80 Extraction slimes, per cent. 77 72 75 1 Impossible to get figures for 1912 where omitted. 2 Years previous to 1912 develop- ment included in mining. 3 Incl. $0.14 concentrate exp. 4 Gross value. See also Appendix, page 375 THE LUCKY TIGER-COMBINATION GOLD MINING CO. THE TIGEE MINING Co., S. A. YZABAL SONORA, MEXICO See Appendix, page 395 182 1. Cananea 2. Santa Rosalia 5. Madera 6. Chihuahua 9. Guanajuato 10. E from 100 Greenwich 3. Prietas 4. Nacozari 'arral 8. Santa Barbara ro 11. Pachuca SONORA 183 LA DURA MILL & MINING CO. LA DURA, SONORA, MEXICO 1912 1911 August 1 to December 31, 1910 $197,478.51 153,150.62 44,327.89 42,465.65 552 2117 $104,034.59 62,705.23 41,329.36 40,632.04 647 Gloria 1234 Gloria 1910 tonnage Prieta 1911 tonnage Prieta < Prieta and Gloria Prieta Gloria Prieta Gloria Revenue per ton hoisted Cost per ton : Mining Development Shipping $93 . 92 13.55 15.85 6.73 10.76 7.26 $32 . 99 16.52 10.89 2.40 5.34 4.27 $94.94 12.04 6.85 6.77 7.63 6.55 60.39 2203 1450 4.38 7.16 8.11 $12.61 8.91 9.14 General expense 3.20 Total expenses $33.86 $54.15 $39J7 $39 . 42 $6.43 (loss) $39.84 $55.10 $56.18 $4.21 Profit Tonnage. . . 6042 Properties located at La Dura on the Yaqui River, Sonora, Mexico, on the Mexican Branch of the Southern Pacific. The Company operates two mines, i.e., the Gloria and Prieta, owned and operated by Americans since 1888. The ore occurs in true fissure veins of a width of from 12 in. to several feet. The ore is quartz. Property is opened by shafts and drifts. In the Prieta Mine three ore-bodies are being worked. In the Gloria mine two main ore-bodies are developed. Some of the ore-bodies have been developed for 1800 ft. in length. The mine is 1040 ft. deep. The method of mining the ore-bodies is to strip the country rock from the vein on the foot-wall side, and the ore is then broken down. The method of reduction is con- centration. Concentrates are smelted or cyanided. Ores were originally hand-sorted. This, however, has been done away with by the erection of a small concentrator. This plant handles 10 tons of ore in 10 hours, and is much cheaper than former method. The cost of hand-sorting was approxi- mately $3 per ton of raw ore. With the small mill, according to the 1911 report, the management expected to treat the ore and make an 85 per cent, extraction of the silver at a cost not to exceed $1.25 per ton. At present mill is making an 11-ounce silver tailing, which is being stocked for re- treatment. (U. S. Currency.) 184 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD GREENE-CANANEA COPPER CO. CANANEA, SONORA, MEXICO Year ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 1909 Lbs. copper (Greene Cons.) Lbs. copper (San Pedro) 40,996,018 7,191,829 37,101,119 7,796,347 36,921,309 8,758,836 Total Greene-Cananea copper, pounds. . Ounces silver 48,187,847 1 457 308 44,897,466 1 295 297 45,680,000 1 184 980 44,455,909 930 710 Ounces gold 7,197 5 892 Combined income : Income, Greene Consolidated $2,280,798 $1,026,951 Income, San Pedro 330,029 312,680 Total net income $2,610,827 $1,339,631 Net income, Greene-Can. 1 Average price copper per pound $2,580,749 16 0194j< $1,318,472 12 886^ $681,653 $544, 107 2 Cost per pound: Cananea Consolidated 10 31?< 9 843 ff 11 514?; San Pedro 11.53?; 8.907?; 3 Average cost Greene-Cananea 10.868?; 9.67?< 11.334?! 12.03?! 1 After construction and betterments. (U.S. Currency) 2 Greene-Cananea. 3 San Pedro cost 8.287?!. Cananea Dev. cost 12.519*5. For details of Greene-Cananea 's subsidiary companies' operations pre- vious to 1911, see Green Consolidated and San Pedro Companies. The production of the Greene Companies since 1906 has been as follows: GREENE-CANANEA COPPER COMPANY 1 Th Or Cost per ib. copper 4 Mpt Period J copper silver Greene- Cons. Greene- Can. earnings Aug 1 1906 to Nov 4 1907 58 180 856 766,422 1 870 247 2 July 11, 1908 to Dec. 31, 1908.. . . Year ending Dec 31 1909 18,619,609 44,455,909 447,663 930,710 10.50fi n.64?; 12 03?; 214,140 de 544,107 s f Year ending Dec. 31, 1910 Year ending Dec. 31, 1911 Year ending Dec. 31, 1912 45,680,000 44,897,466 48,157,847 1,184,980 1,295,297 1,457,307 11.51?; 9.84?; 10.31?; 11.334?; 9.67?;? 10.868?; 681,653 1,318,472 2,580,749 1 Figures shown take into account company holdings in Greene Consolidated Copper Co., San Pedro Copper Co., Cananea Central Copper Co. and Cananea Development Co. 2 Including profit from 200,000 shares Cananea Central Copper stock. 3 Earnings are for Greene Consolidated. 4 Includes depreciation and construction. For more recent operations see Appendix, page 400. CANANEA 185 GREENE CONSOLIDATED COPPER COMPANY CANANEA, MEXICO Year ended Dec. 31 1912 | 1911 1910 1909 48,187,847 44,897,466 45,680,145 44,547,689 7,191,829 7,796,347 8,758,836 7,532,244 40,996,018 37,101,119 36,921,309 37,015,445 Gross income, copper, gold, silver and miscellaneous revenues. $7,929,468 5,496,022 $6,045,834 4,738,702 $5,592,050 4,407,301 $5,510,846 4,408,287 $2,433,446 $1,307,131 $1,184,749 $1,102,559 152,647 280,179 684,097 558,452 Net profit $2,280,799 $1,026,951 $ 500,652 $ 544,107 41,450 Direct charge pro .an os . . . Price received for copper Tonnage wet: Domestic mined 16.0009fi 906,546 12.886fi 751,462 $ 459,202 12.621j< 795,050 13. 1102 I 826,364 895,406 741,872 792,313 835,929 280,1541 195,091 221,005 225,607 Total ore treated Ore milled : 1,175,560 547,025 936,963 415,199 1,013,318 509,228 1,061,536 602,366 143,931 113,213 160,925 205,995 Total 690,956 528,412 670,153 808,361 Ratio cone. dom. ore milled. . . 3. 157 in 1 4 877 in 1 2. 404 in 1 5 . 169 in 1 2. 869 in 1 5.157 in 1 2 . 93 in 1 2.19 in 1 Recovery: Copper, domestic ore, per cent. Silver, domestic ore, ounces. . . Gold, domestic ore, ounces. . . . 2.252 1.0696 .005 73 79 2.50 1.0718 .005 77.69 2.229 1.0317 .005 75 2.206 .750 .0046 Cost per ton: $1.86 $2.571 $2.071 .151 .095 .592 .029 .055 $2 93 $2 46 $2 75 $2.22 Milling, oper. and repairs 722 | 816 646 \ 722 693 \ 854 Improv. and betterments .094 / 2.852 .076J 2.57 .161] 2.69 3.09 Total mining and beneficiating per ton ref. prod, sold $5.92 $5.257 $5.765 $5.459 186 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD GREENE CONSOLIDATED COPPER COMPANY. Continued 1912 1911 1910 1909 Cost per Pound: Gross f.o.b. Cananea 11 452jf 9 568^ 10 2091 I 10 1740 Frt. to N. Y. tax ref. mkt. int. . 1.498 1.343 1.7105 1 . 7353 Total 12 950 10 911 11 9196 11 9093 Credit precious metals.* Credit miscl revenue 1.741 899 1.339 484 1.4072 8485 1 . 0840 7969 Total cost fine copper Depreciation 10.31ff 9.0880 (Const) 755 9.66390 1 8501 10.02840 1 6119 Cost inc. every expenditure. . . Yield per ton ore benef . Ib . . . . Miscellaneous costs: Stoping. . $1.391 9.843 50.01 $1 311 11.514 46.58 11.6403 44.12 Development 762 557 Dead work and \ 744 592 Surface expense / Total mining $2 927 $2 46 Smelting per ton chg. in rev. incl. gen'l exp. McDougall roasting $1 . 667 $1.65 .40 $1.90 $1.76 Development, feet Cost per foot 72.403 51,784 $8.00 52,161 46,911 1 Includes 47,017 tons of Miami concentrates. 2 In the reduction cost of $2 . 85 there was included $.087 gen'l exp. and $.059 for hauling concentrates. For more recent operations see Appendix, page 400. The mines which are opened by shaft and tunnel are developed to compara- tively shallow depths, an average being approximately 600 ft. ]The deepest shaft is the Capote being 1000 ft. The largest of the ore-bodies vary from several hundred feet in width to more than 1000 ft. in length. The ores are both concentrating and direct smelting, being composed chiefly of chalco- cite, chalcopyrite and other sulphides, j The milling ores average between 2 and 2^ per cent, copper. The smelting ores average over 3 per cent. The ratio of concentration is approximately 3 tons into 1, with a saving around 76 per cent. All ores, concentrating and smelting, carry both gold and silver values. Method of mining, principally slicing and caving, a timber matte being employed. Reduction plants con- sist of a 3000-ton concentrator, smelter and converter plant. Smelter has both blast and oil-fired reverberatories. Waste gases from reverberatories utilized in generating steam. Mines and reduction plant operated by elec- tric power generated from fuel. Water supply ample. Company pumps 9 miles. Narrow-gauge railway connects different mines with reduction plant, total length aggregates 20 miles. Company employs approximately 5000 men, principally Mexicans, with several hundred Americans. SONORA 187 MOCTEZUMA COPPER COMPANY NACOZARI DE GARCIA, SONORA, MEXICO Operating the Pilares Mine U. S. Currency 1912 1911 1910 1909 Moctezuma ores and cone., tons. Gold, ounces Silver, ounces Pounds refined copper Net earnings : 124,083 785 438,246 31,739,748 $2 735 060 111,462 735 361,296 25,511,582 $930 495 113,294 717 362,464 22,681,472 $480,690 112,563 1,055 421,648 24,814,747 $1,104,454 Deprec. plant and min. prop, not incl. in above. Tons of ore mined Tons milled Average copper contents % .... Tons concentrates produced... . Assay value, per cent $790,665 628,012 596,600 3.494 131,061 13.373 $1,206,182 524,336 517,352 3.1708 113,222 11.932 $675,009 434,773 447,555 ' 2.992 107,014 10.56 $363,009 510,094 3.22 110,724 11.80 Copper cont., tailings, per cent. Saving mill per cent .59 85 95 .5579 85 19 .60 84 80 .584 85 81 Tons ore milled per ton cone. . . Tons milled per day, actual time Yield in per cent, copper Price copper 4.552 1692 15.51 4.569 1466 12.36 4.182 2.5 12.826 4.61 1475 2.56 Development, feet 16,206 799 gal 13,668 21,596 19,555 milled. The reports do not give costs. An estimate of costs is as follows: U. S. currency. Mining, $1.10; milling, $.50; transportation, $.05; freight con- centrates to Douglas, $4.50 Mex. Cy.; smelting, $3.00 U. S. Cy. 95 per cent, of the copper paid for, 1\i off the New York quotations. Remarks. The ore-bodies at the Pilares mine make in a more or less circular formation, the diameter of which is approximately 2000 ft. Forma- tion is andesite breccia. Ore is principally chalcopyrite, with some bor- nite and pyrite. Property is developed by two shafts and the Porvenir tunnel. Shafts are 1000 ft. deep each. Tunnel enters 700 ft. below out- crop and 300 ft. above bottom of shaft. Method of mining, shrinkage stopes principally, a few cut and fill. Tunnel has electric haulage 1 mile long. From tunnel portal to mill is 6 miles, connection made by narrow- gauge railway owned by company. Concentrator is 1600 tons' capacity. Power plant at mill generates electricity from coal. The company owns narrow-gauge railway from Nacozari to Douglas across the U. S. border. 1913 Operations: Lbs. copper, 36,598,132. Net earnings, $2,402,447. Depreciation, $400,037. Tons milled, 603,654, grade 3.557% copper. Sav- ing, 85%. Tons cone., 135,057, grade 13.376%. Price copper, 15.37?*. 188 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD SAN PEDRO COPPER CO., S. A. CANANEA, MEXICO Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency (Belongs to Greene-Cananea Group) 1912 1911 1910 $1,159 664 $1,001,181 San Pedro Cananea de- velopment Gold and silver sales 353,657 317,142 Total income incl. miscl 1,514,585 1,164,595 1,319,723 1,004,878 $587,925 414,306 $759,616 752,234 Balance copper inventory 19,961 2,164 Net income $330,029 $312,681 $173,619 $7,382 Production : Fine copper, pounds Silver, ounces Gold, ounces Tonnage : Wet tons ore mined Wet tons ore treated Dry tons treated 7,191,829 484,584 2,655 215,300 219,127 211,206 7,796,347 500,137 2,282 193,689 195,487 187,417 3,923,224 133,601 690 59,364 58,627 4,835,612 235,023 1,051 165,560 162,378 Ratio of concentration Recovery : Copper, per cent Silver, ounces Gold 4.877 into 1 1.703 2.29 .0126 5 . 75 into 1 2.08 2.67 .0122 3. 917 into 1 3.346 2.279 .012 5.218 into 1 1.489 1.447 .006 Cost per ton: Mining per wet ton $2.80 $1.945 $3.202 $1.746 Cost per pound, cents: Gross f.o.b. Cananea 14 . 740 10.871 8.678 13.978 Frt. exp., tax ref. mkt., etc 1.730 1.540 1.781 1.568 Total 16 470 12.411 10.459 15.556 Credit metals 4 9175 3.784 2.172 3.037 Less miscl .0175 .280 Total 11.535ff 8.907(4 8.287)4 12.519>f Development, feet 12,998 11,466 5,347 3,198 Cost mining Cananea: $2 497 Price rec'd for copper 12.618 12.618 Remarks.- Company operates Cananea-Duluth mine, a large body of disseminated ore. Mine opened to sixth level. The ores are concentrated. BAJA (LOWER} CALIFORNIA 189 COMPAGNIE DU BOLEO SANTA ROSALIA, BAJA (LOWER), CALIFORNIA, MEXICO Year Ended Dec. 31 Tons =2240 Ib. Currency Francs, $ and 1912 1911 1910 Tons copper 12,650 12,360 13,000 Pounds copper 28,336,000 27,686,400 29,120,000 Profit after amortiz., francs Profit after amortiz 7,070,120 $1,414,024 364 850 3,856,2311 $771,246 355 100 366 000 Tons treated 360 500 Average grade copper per cent 3 51 Tons transported, railroad . . . . 652,312 605,661 Copper on hand Dec 31, francs 4,236,000 3,888,864 Copper carried at per ton 60 1 After allowing Fr. 723,408 for expenses as result of cyclone in 1911. Remarks. The Boleo property is owned and controlled by French capital in which the Rothschilds are said to be heavily interested. Very little in- formation is to be had on the Boleo mine. We give the above figures as throwing some light on the Company's operations. No costs are available. The approximate cost per pound can be computed by assuming the average selling price of metal for the year. The mine is located on the east coast of Lower California, nearly opposite Guaymas. The property is reached by boat from that port. The company operates steamers between the mine and European ports. The ore occurs in beds of a conglomerate of sandstone and tuff. Three beds are worked. They average about 3 ft. in thickness and vary from 2 or 3 ft. up to a maxi- mum of 10 ft. The ore consists of oxides cuprite and melaconite, various carbonates including azurite and malachite, also chrysocalla and atacamite. In the lowest bed, sulphide ore occurs principally as chalcocite and covel- lite. The ore is sent direct to the smelter and treated in blast furnaces. The matte at last accounts was shipped to Europe, though Company was considering installing converters. The Boleo copper consequently does not appear in the North American production. Coal and coke are obtained from Europe. The mine and smelter has both steam and electric power. The country is dry and water scarce. Principally Mexican labour is em- ployed, though Japanese and Chinese are used to some extent about the mines. CHIHUAHUA ALVARADO MINING & MILLING COMPANY PARRAL, CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO Weights Metric System Values U. S. Currency Production July 1 to Dec. 31, 1911 Jan. 1 to June 30, 1911 Bullion, sales and miscellaneous earnings Cost of operation $276,234 189 592 $140,771 120 945 Profit $86 642 $19 826 Tons treated (dry) 46 760 32 510 Value of ore Costs (per ton) : Mining and tramming $0 83 $0 707 Milling and marketing 3 22 3 01 $4.05 $3.717 Remarks. Operations at the Alvarado mine have been greatly handi- capped owing to the Mexican revolution. It is stated that the above pro- duction has been obtained principally from development and exploratory work above the water level pending the installation of pumps in the mine. The property is opened by shaft and by inclined shaft to 927 ft. deep. The property is equipped with a 300-ton cyanide plant, which it is expected will develop a capacity of 450 tons per day. The new mill was placed in com- mission in 1911. Pumps are being installed in the mine at the sixth level. The property has electric power. BATOPILAS MINING COMPANY CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO U. S. Currency Year ending Dec. 31 1911 1910 1909 1908 Prod, ounces, silver 516,688.9 730,697.4 1,047,625 939,865 Tons ore treated 33 073 3 43 612 48 31 258 32 766 Ounces silver per ton : First class: Ave. of tot. ounces 15 6 695 Third class (mill ore) 7 779 8 17 6 3 Mining, milling and smelting $5 685 $8 75 $12 51 $9 69 Bullion, tax and expenses General expenses 1.925 1.615 .948 1.702 1.45 2.80 1.36 2.24 Bond acc't $9.225 $11.400 .613 $16.76 .77 $13.29 .38 $12.013 $17.53 $13.67 Deficit of $106,257.98 for 1910. Deficit of $17,409.17 for 1911. See also Appendix, page 376 190 CHIHUAHUA 191 THE BUENA TIERRA MINING CO., LTD. SANTA EULALIA, CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 1912 Sales of ore Total with int. and sundry recpts Working expenses Working profit Tons mined Tons sorted as waste Tons available for shipment Tons shipped to smelter Net smelter return Returns per ton Average silver content Average lead content, per cent On basis production 30,085 tons : Net ret. from smelter Total cost Total profit Total cost per ton Total profit per ton Cost per ton (30,073 tons) : Mining Development ; General expense Taxes Sorting and trans Total cost Net smelter returns per ton Development, feet: Drifting Raising Sinking Total . . . 47,034 48,004 23,585 24,419 31,781 1,038 30,743 30,085 $256,014 $8.51 8.65 oz. 15.1 $256,014 120,467 $135,547 $4.00 4.51 $1.33 1.08 .54 .11 .861 $3.92 $8.66 3,892 661 252 4,806 1 Freight approximately 75ff, sorting lip. 192 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD In addition there was 2084 ft. of work done in the ore-bodies, partly in limestone and partly in ore, to facilitate the extraction of ore and hence chargeable to ore breaking. Note. Operation in 1912 was carried on under great difficulties. A strike of the miners was followed by the outbreak of the revolution in Northern Mexico. Railway communication was repeatedly interrupted and the smelter was able to run at only partial capacity and was at times closed down. Remarks. Accessibility. Situated about 15 miles east of Chihuahua and reached by the narrow gauge Mineral and Chihuahua Mining Cos.' railroads. Freight rate about 75 cents, U. S. Cy., from mines to Chih. Smelter. Character of Ore.- Principally lead carbonate aver. 10 oz. Ag., 15 per cent, lead, also carbonate zinc ore, and say, 25 to 50 per cent, zinc, also low grade mixed sulphide. Character of Ore-body. Caves in limestone formation filled with lead carbonate ore, bodies of mixed sulphide, and carbonate zinc ore-bodies also found. Width of caves vary from 10 to 200 feet, aver, about 30 ft., depth average 40 ft. but the Chorro ore-body has a depth of over 1000 ft. Method of Mining. The roof is first cleaned off and then the ore is mined in small benches, very little powder required and prac. no timber. Method of Opening.' Raises put up to tap the caves at intervals of from 75 to 200 ft. Also opened up by following shrinkage on top of ore-body. The bodies found by prospecting mineral bearing fissures. Depth of Mine.' Devel. ore-bodies most numerous at 450-ft. depth, but nearly all mines have ore-bodies down to depth 1300 ft. Buena Tierra shaft 1400. Amount of Water Pumped. Practically no water pumped in the camp. Method of Ore Reduction.- Lead ore shipped to Chihuahua plant or El Paso plant of A. S. & R. Co., zinc to the U. S. General Conditions. Development costs are high due to difficulty of find- ing the ore-bodies, when once found generally extends a long distance along its major fissure or fracture. If a mine has sufficient number of ore-bodies to maintain a tonnage of 300 tons per day, conditions are admirable for low costs. No timber, no water to pump, and very little powder required, the ore being shoveled from the stopes to the mine chutes on contract. Ribs of lime occur in the ore-bodies making the percentage of waste lime rock in them 15 to 25 per cent. Miners receive 2 pesos per day; machine men, 3 to 4. CHIHUAHUA 193 DOLORES MINES COMPANY MADERA, CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 19121 1911 1910 1909 Production Operating expense Operating profit General exp. including taxes, $1,041,145.99 728,750.90 312,395.09 21,704.94 $1,163,359.39 739,416.55 423,942.84 17,587.88 $1,160,531.67 670,666.97 489,864.70 27,157.65 sal., comm., etc. Net profit $291,598.05 $406,354.06 $462,896.44 Tonnage 46,778 25 53,275 50,741 38,700 62 Total, per cent Cost per ton : Mining and developing .... 87 $ 3.72 1 07 88 $5.38 89 $6.35 89 $7.13 Milling Cyaniding General expense Bullion expense Concentrates 2.40 3.05 1.10 .57 .47 2.38 3.22 1.16 .90 .63 2.25 2.89 1.36 1.06 .66 2.68 3.90 1.47 1.51 .95 Total per ton Revenue per ton Profit $12.38 $13.67 $19.54 $ 5.87 $14.57 $22.92 $ 8.35 $17.64 $30.02 $13.38 1 Impossible to get figures for 1912 where omitted. 2 Years previous to 1912 development included in mining. Properties located in State of Chihuahua, Mexico, 40 miles by trail from Madera, or 14 hours horseback. Madera is on Mexican & N. W. Ry , 200 miles from Chihuahua. Properties operated by tunnels, shafts and drifts. Depth of mine 600 ft. Ore-bodies vary from 4 to 15 ft. in width, average value being approximately $22 per ton U. S. Cy. The ore is hard quartz, containing 2 per cent, of sulphides. Method of mining, ore-filling. Method of reduction is cyanide treatment. Plant handles 5500 tons per month. Company employs 29 Americans and 449 Mexicans. Develop- ment work is being actively carried on, about 850 ft. per month being done. 13 194 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD EL RAYO MINES COMPANY SANTA BARBAKA DISTRICT, CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 19121 1911 1910 1909 Production $760,457.77 $714,417.10 $507,455 21 Operating expense 358,082.95 340,150.19 341,728.81 $402 374 82 $374 266 91 $165 726 40 General expense 9 631 26 18 293 48 28 637 71 Net profit $392 743 56 355 973 43 137 088 69 Tonnage. 56,000 55,600 54,300 43,008 Average extraction: Concentrates, per cent 17 Cyanidation, per cent Total per cent 69 86 86 j 84 84 Rec per ton $13 70 $13 20 $11 79 Cost per ton: Development Mining .86 2 $1.36 2.18 2.51 Milling Cyaniding General expense Bullion expense 1.16 1.36 .62 .70 1.04 1.42 .70 .63 1.06 1.28 .68 .65 1.39 1.68 .88 .45 Concentrates .43 .42 .37 .93 Total expense $6 49 $6 43 $6 22 $7 94 Profit Der ton. . . $7.27 $6.98 $3.85 1 Impossible to get figures for 1912 where omitted. 2 Development included in mining for years previous to 1912. Properties located in Santa Barbara Mining District, Chihuahua, Mexico. Eight miles by trail to Santa Barbara, or 14 miles by wagon road. Rock is rhyolite, traversed by several fissure veins. Widths vary from 2 to 20 ft., dip 50 deg. Ore occurs in large irregular lenses along vein. The ore is quartz, and near surface soft and highly oxidized; with depth, more or less compact, carrying some pyrites as high as 10 per cent., but averages approximately 5 per cent. The values are 85 per cent, gold and 15 per cent, silver. Average value of ore approximately $16,50 (U, S. Cy.). CHIHUAHUA 195 Properties are opened by shafts, tunnels and drifts. Pettit tunnel cuts ore-bodies 1000 ft. below surface. The method of mining is overhead stoping and waste filling. Milling plant handles 5000 tons per month. Method of reduction. Ores crushed in cyanide solution, thence to Hunt- ington Mills and classifiers. Coarser portion of pulp passed through Aus- tralian grinding pans. Pulp is now concentrated over Frue Vanners, thence to cyanide plant. Cone classifiers at cyanide plant separate sands and slimes. These are cyanided separately. Slimes after going to agitat- ing tanks are sent to Butters' filter. The values are recovered by zinc dust precipitation. Development work is being carried on at the rate of 900 ft. per month. RIO PLATA MINING CO. CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO U. S. Currency Used Year Ended Nov. 30 1912 1911 1910 1909 $178 628 Expenses. . 96,575 Profit Silver, ounces produced Tons ore milled Silver, ounces recovered per ton Tons tails cyanided 82,053 291,963 6,175 47.16 846,698 8,775 36.0 25,381 834,862 13,952 46.84 21,900 422,137 14,545 61.21 2.143 1 Silver, ounces recovered Mill extraction, per cent Costs per ton milled : Mining 90 $2.710 34.3 87.2 $2.24 28.3 85.9 $1.881 37.3 87.6 $1.89 1 619 Milling 782 46 .446 Cyaniding 2 774 2.37 2.241 Power General expenses .697 .652 .407 .894 .409 1.037 3.27 Depreciation. . . . .847 .548 Freight and forwarding Administration .631 2.040 .390 .895 .682 1.066 1.37 1.52 Mine total . $11 905 $8 . 530 $8.310 $8.05 N. Y. Administration 3.732 .818 .768 .65 Total $15.637 $9 . 348 $9.078 $8.70 1 The remaining 12,069 tons went to storage dam. General Remarks. The ores are a silver-bearing quartz. The veins vary from 4 ft. to 5 ft. in width. The ore crushed and concentrated. The tails are cyanided. 196 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD SAN TOY MINING CO. CHIHUAHUA, MEXICO Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 1912 1911 1910 Gr. val. prod $314,884.22 $793,318.47 $529,470 48 Less smelting charges 34,479.37 48,282.48 96,766.36 Net ret. fr. sales $280,404 85 $745,035 99 $432 704 12 Miscl. income 21,112.77 24,489 . 07 4,858.50 Gross income Total expenses $301,517.62 195,060.09 769,525.06 273,031.69 437,562.62 279,996.06 Net earnings $106,457.53 $496,493.37 $157,566.56 Tons ore mined Tons ore shipped Silver produced, ounces Silver per ton, ore, ounces Lead produced, pounds Per cent, lead per ton ore Gr. val. per ton Val. per ton fr. smltr Net profit per ton 7,851 7,324 485,712 66.3 260,989 1.80 $42.99 32.28 11.65 12,173 12,173 1,433,071 117.7 1,275,778 5.9 $65.17 61.20 38.77 20,181 20,181 879,492 43.6 1,584,528 3.9 $26.23 21.44 7.56 Costs per ton ; Mining ore, handling and development Freight Taxes General expense Depreciation $15.595 1.368 2.790 4.830 2.048 $12.201 2.100 3.145 3.750 1.232 $8.247 2.154 1.206 1.523 0.743 Total. $26.631 $22.428 $13.873 Average price received for silver, ounces Average price received for lead, pounds. . 60.071 2.89^ 51.87?; 1.79< 52.10? 1.65?i Notes. The main ore-body is horizontal and occurs at a shallow depth. The ore is a silver-lead product which is shipped to the smelters for reduction. The ore-body varies considerably in width and in mineral content. Ave. width 15 ft. The mine is operated through shafts, the greatest depth being 1657 ft. Little or no ore, however, is coming from below the first level. Prospecting has been carried on in a lower stratum of fossilized lime. Large open fissures have made the diamond drill work a difficult task. Electric power is generated by gas producer plant on the property. STATE OF MEXICO COMPANIA MINERA LAS DOS ESTRELLAS, S. A. TLALPUJAHUA, NEAR EL ORO, MEXICO MEXICAN CURRENCY MEXICAN WEIGHTS RESUME OF ANNUAL REPORT FOR YEAR ENDING DEC. 31, 1912 Revenue : Gross value of metals and ores sold. . Miscellaneous. . . $11,421,995.70 72,129.38 $11,494,125.08 Expenses : Operating, including cost of selling shipping ore 4,732,203.44 Amortization 186,127.00 Paris and Mexico taxes, offices, etc 428,917.65 Miscellaneous _ 53,713.23 $5,400,961.32 Net profit $6,093,163 . 76 Produced during the year: Milling ore. . 504,171 metric tons Shipping ore 1,418 metric tons Total 505,589 metric tons, from which were recovered Gold, kilos 6,545.6 Silver, kilos _ 68,048.5 Gross value $11,237,311 .49 Average monthly production, 42,132 metric tons. COSTS Mining: Development 1.21 Ore breaking 2.71 Tramming 17 Transportation, electric haulage 05 Maintenance 63 Ventilation 04 Surface expense 19 Sampling 01 General expense 32 $5 . 33 Milling : Crushing and conveying 03 Stamping 41 Tube milling 36 General expense 03 $ .93 Cyaniding : Labor and power 77 Na Cy, 0.44448 kilos 36 Lime, 13.56 kilos 13 Zinc, 0.4602 kilos 18 1 . 57 Assaying : . 09 General expense .54 Shipping and selling : Freight and treatment 37 Taxes 41 .78 Total costs $9.24 per metric ton. 197 198 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD EL ORO MINING AND RAILWAY COMPANY, LTD. STATE OP MEXICO, MEXICO Year Ended June 30 U. S. Currency 1912 1911 1910 1909 Gross value Ore milled, tons $2,228,190.50 302 698 $2,389,349 360 294 $2,562,675 316 138 $2,442,374 285 181 Average value per ton . . Mill recovery, per cent. Profit per ton $7.66 85.14 $7.63 87.00 $2 65 $8.86 91.41 $2 93 $9.55 89.65 $3 14 Costs per ton mined : Mining $1.89 $1 55 $2.25 $2.50 Development Milling .83 .18 .74 .17 .94 .28 .69 .40 Cyaniding 93 91 87 90 Water supply .01 .02 .01 .02 General expense Taxes .22 23 .22 29 .25 33 .32 .32 Miscell. exp Cost per ton treated .10 $3 79 .08 .24 .27 $4.39 $3.98 $5.17 $5.42 Note. The ore-bodies vary in width from 10 ft. to 60 ft. The values are mainly gold. Operated through shafts between 1500 ft. and 1600 ft. deep. The ore is stamped and then siimed in tube-mills. The product is then cyanided. Transportation facilities good. Average duty per stamp 8.88 tons per 24 hours. The operating profit in 1912 was $759,356 ; and 1911, $955,509. In 1912, 84,459 tons of tailings were treated. * Operations, 1913 : Gross, $2,188,723. ' Profit, $633,285. Tons milled, 253,434. Value, $7.21. Extraction, 88.39%. Cost per ton mined: Min.. $2.09. Dev., $1.42. Mill, $.18. Cyan., $.78. Total, $5.05. Cost per ton milled: $3.59. Tons tailings treated, 180,274. Ore reserves, June 30, 1913: 448,053 tons, value, $9.90. MEXICO 199 ESPERANZA MINING COMPANY EL OBO, MEXICO U. S. Currency Year ended Dec. 31. 1912 1911 1910 1909 Gross value. $1,361,309 $1,675,611 $2,133,896 $2,094,446 Total expense 1,067,915 1,203,166 1,275,227 1,315,201 Working profit $298,325* $480,273 $858,669 $779,245 Net profit Mine and mill : Tons treated wet 229.076 1 272,235 229,878 212,470 Contents per ton (metric") : Gold, grams 11 55 11.12 Silver, grams 70 48 76.76 Gross revenue per ton $7 31 $6.17 $9.37 $10.44 Net profit per ton Per cent, recovered: Gold (weight) per cent 1.30 79 72 1.76 88 12 3.74 3.71 Silver (weight) per cent 72 73 55 63 Total recovery (values) per cent.. Av. price reed., for metals : 2 Gold per kilo 78.64 $1 327 58 83.00 $1 333 33 84.04 86.17 $1 332.57 Silver per kilo . . 42 16 34 37 33 74 Cost per ton (milled wet) : Mining $2 26 $1 39 $2 05 $2.71 Development . . 1 08 70 .96 .97 Milling 1.61 1.52 1.64 2.19 Shipping and selling Genl. expense .23 .56 .09 .46 .16 .64* .22 .55* Office expense .03 .05 Maintenance .26 .22 .90 .69 Total $6 03 $4 43 $6 35 $7.33 Total $5 66 $6.78 Development, feet 9,361 15,406 12,915 10,797 1 Dry tons treated 210,726. 2 Mexican currency. 8 After miscl. profit. Not included in figure given in annual report. (Tons, 2000 Ib. unless otherwise stated) Resume of Operations, 1908. Gross production, $2,146,290; tons ore treated wet, 168,769; value ore milled, $14.75; average value per ton re- covered, $12.72; extraction, 94.4 per cent.; profit per ton, $5.50; cost per ton, mining, $2.81; developing, 0.76; milling, $2.30; shipping and selling, $.54; general expenses, $.66; maintenance and reserve, $.84; total, $7.91. Total Results of Mine to Dec. 31, 1912. Dry metric tons, 1,856,434; gross yield, $63,984,698; Mexican currency; development, 129,043 ft. Remarks.' Veins vary in width from 3 ft. and 5 ft. to over 50 ft. Mine operated by shafts. The mill treatment is concentration and cyaniding. Stamp mill has 120 stamps, 1250 Ib. each, tube mill regrind and Pachuca cyanide tanks. Transportation facilities good. 200 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE MEXICO MINES OF EL ORO, LTD. EL ORO, ESTADO DE MEXICO, MEXICO Year Ended June 30 __ U. S. and English Currency 1913 1911 1910 Bullion recovered 340 864 311 759 284 036 Total recpt. with int. and sundry recpts. Total expenses 346,790 145 213 314,107 130 022 294,364 139 373 Profit Mine: Ore prod, by stopine and dev., tons.. Mill and cyaniding: Tons crushed 201,577 158,630 158 395 184,085 131,820 136 408 154,991 138,266 136 372 Assay value of ore, gold Assay value of ore, silver Extraction, theoretical, gold Extraction, theoretical, silver Extraction, theoretical, total Bullion realised, gold $8.23 $3.61 91.85% 79.50% 88.09% $1,200,519 $8.93 $3.68 92.08% 80.46% 88.69% $1,128 256 $8.31 $3.24 91.55% 80 20% 88.37% $1 026 923 Bullion realised, silver $469,021 $399,973 $365,413 Total bullion realised Percentages of values act. recovered: Gold Silver Total $1,669,540 92.04% 82.02% 88 99% $1,528,229 92.65% 79.62% 88 84 "7 $1,392,336 90.64% 82 . 78 % 88 43 7 Costs per ton, U.S. Currency : Mining Development Milling $1.30 .82 22 $1.35 .87 23 $1.62 1.02 23 Cyaniding 97 1 08 1 04 Water supply 02 02 General 35 27 25 Taxes 46 54 50 Total cost $4 12 $4 36 $4 68 Total cost with Miscl Development, feet 4.12 8 140 $4.64 12 137 $4.75 9 558 Grade ore reserves: Gold value $9 50 $9 50 $9 57 Silver, ounces . 5 3 6 1 5 9 Mill ran per cent, of total time Av. tons treated daily Stamp duty 97.32 433.9 11 15 97.73 373.7 9 56 97.8 9 55 Average received value per ton $10.54 $11.20 10.21 MEXICO 201 The total working cost for the year 1909 was $5.67 and for 1908 was $6.33. During the latter part of 1910, the high-grade sulphide ore previously shipped to the smelter was cyanided separately, which increased greatly the profits from this ore. By giving it special treatment, average extractions of 97.49 per cent, of gold and 91.37 per cent, of silver were obtained or a total saving of 96.14 per cent. The high grade so treated was 607 tons, yielding bullion to the sum of $60,749, which amount is included in the pro- duction given under operations for 1910. In 1912 total costs were $4.37: mining was $1.28; milling $.25; cyaniding, $1.08; genl. exp., $0.35; and taxes, $0.48. Remarks. Accessibility.' El Oro Camp, State of Mexico, Mexico. El Oro Mng. & R. R. railroad connects with national lines of Mexico. Character of Ore. Siliceous quartz ore; principal metal content, gold with some silver. At depth and in some of the smaller veins a fine sulphide occurs in the quartz (mixed but principally iron). Character of Ore-body. Large fissure veins principally in shale, with 100 to 500 ft. of andesite capping covering both vein and shale. Width. Main San Rafael vein 40 to 200 ft. in width. West sulphide veins 3 to 30 ft. in width. Method of Mining. In big vein principally square setting and filling, some filling without square sets. Smaller veins filled and some held open with just stulls. Method of Opening. 1 Opened by drifting on the vein, dist betw. levels 100 ft. Stoping started by square setting sill floor. In some places a 10-ft. pillar is left over the level and stoping carried up above that. Depth of Mine. 1500 to 2000 ft. Amount Water. 400 to 700 gal. per minute. Method of Ore Reduction.' Some high-grade ore shipped direct to smelter but the bulk of ore is treated in the cyanide plant. General Conditions. This mine covers the north extension of the San Rafael and west veins of the Esperanza and El Oro mines. The Mexico mine holdings are small but the area has proved to be exceedingly produc- tive, both the San Rafael and the smaller sulphide veins to the west. Miners receive $1.25 to 2.50 (Mexican Currency) per day. Peons receive $ .75 to 1.25 (Mexican Currency) per day. Machine men receive $2.00 to 3.50 (Mexican Currency) per day. DURANGO AND HIDALGO Pachuca District CANDELARIA LAND, MINING & POWER CO., LTD. CANDELARIA, SAN DIMAS DISTRICT, DURANGO, MEXICO Ten Months Ended June 30 U. S. Currency 1912 Gross production $217,128.36 Total expenses $114,577.08 Net profit $102,551 . 28 Tons ore milled 22,191 Assay value $10.46 Value recovered 9.50 Value in tails .96 Mill extraction, per cent 90. 81 Costs per ton milled Mining and development $2 . 2452 Milling 1 . 6666 Overhead charges 1 . 0723 S. F. office . 1791 Total $5 . 1632 Development, feet 2,607 Cost per foot $3 . 88 Notes. The veins vary in width from 2 ft. to 3 ft. The values are mainly silver. The mine operates through tunnel or adit levels. The mill has 18 stamps with average crushing capacity of 5.33 tons per 24 hours. The ore is re-ground in tube mills and cyanided in Pachuca agitation tanks. The entire property including mill, power plant, etc., is undergoing ex- tensive changes and improvements. It is stated that costs will be reduced and production increased next year. 202 HIDALGO 203 COMPANIA DE MINAS LA BLANCA Y ANEXAS, S. A. PACHUCA, HIDALGO, MEXICO Metric Weights Mexican Currency Year ended June 1913 Gross value of production $3,659,084 Mining and milling costs $2,190,198 General expenses, Mexico and Paris 118,729 2,308,927 Net operating profit $1,350,157 Sale of 15,000 shares in Paris 450,000 Total cash received $1,800,157 Distributed as follows: Dividends $1,008,000 Reserve fund , 168,489 Amortization of various accounts 623,668 $1,800,157 Mine and mill : Dry tons milled 135,942 Average contents silver, grams 611 Average contents gold, grams 3 . 21 Price silver per kilo $40. 52 Silver values recovered 24 . 76 Gold values recovered 4 . 28 Total values recovered $29 . 04 Per cent, recovery silver 92 . 18 Per cent, recovery gold 95 . 68 Total recovery, per cent 92 . 70 Stamp duty, tons 9.75 Costs per ton: Development $2.215 Mining 7.822 Milling .603 Concentration and cyaniding 2.855 General expense . 742 Shipping and selling 1 . 874 Total $16.111 Remarks. La Blanca is similar to Santa Gertrudis in practically every respect. Siliceous silver ore treated in a cyanide mill of 275 tons capacity . This plant is now being increased to 500 tons monthly. 204 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE SANTA GERTRUDIS COMPANY, LTD. PACHUCA, HIDALGO, MEXICO Tons 2000 Ib. Year Ended June 30 U. S. Currency 1913 1912 Production : Silver ounces 4,243,932 4,420,326 Gold ounces . 21 807 26 006 Expenses and profits : Gross earnings 631 718 631 432 Operating expenses 370 859 355 934 Net earnings 260,859 275 498 Including miscellaneous revenue Depreciation 260,859 25 374 276,648 24 227 Net profit Tons treated and contents : Ore treated tons dry 235,485 263 554 252,421 269 839 Gross contents. . $3 430 720 $3 484 551 Gross contents 706,500 714 047 Value per ton $13 02 $12 90 Value per ton 2 13s. 7d. 2 12s lid Per cent, gold by value 14 1 15 2 Per cent, silver by value Total gold, ounces 85.9 23,790 84.8 23,356 Total silver, ounces Recoveries : Bullion per ton 4,763,152 2 7s lid 4,718,019 2 6s lOd Bullion per ton . . $11 70 $11 42 Per cent, recovered values 89 41 88 43 Value bullion .... $3,082,783 $3,081,393 Cost per ton : Mining and delivery to mill Development . $3.16 1.221 $3.55 1.08 Milling, shipping, selling, etc 2.44 1.77 Total approx. cost incl. milling and all expenses Profit per ton (approximate) $6.82 $4 88 $6.40 $5 00 Average price silver per ounce cents 57.2 Development, feet 17,193 16,249 1 Including outlay for new shaft. HIDALGO 205 Notes, Operations, 1912. During the year the following results were obtained in Guadalupe and new mills: Guadalupe mill (tailings) New mill Dry tons, mills and cyanided- . . . . 44,590 225,249 Gross value per ton Per cent, recovered Value recovered per ton $5.27 85.62 $4.52 $14.43 88.63 $12.79 Ore Reserves June 30, 1913 : (a) 778,000 tons of positive and partly developed ore that will yield a profit of $3,740,000 (b) 269,000 tons of probable ore that will yield a profit of 1,040,000 $4,780,000 Remarks. The property is developed by three shafts and to a maximum depth of 2000 ft. During the year 1913 all contemplated construction work was finished and the mine is now fully equipped. During that period there was expended on construction $126,416. The San Francisco shaft was equipped with steel head frame electric hoist, etc., the main pump station was completed on 1800 level and new centrifugal pump station installed on the 2000 level. The mine is now equipped to produce 25,000 tons a month. The property has mill and cyanide plant. Company operates with electric power. No difficulty was experienced in 1912 from the revolution in Mexico. The general conditions pertaining to ore occurrence, etc., at Santa Gertrudis are the same as at the LaBlanca Mine (see data on that mine). Costs, 1914: Mining and delivery, $2.53; development, $.55; milling, $1.21; shipping and selling, $.43; total $4.72. These figures include all costs in Mexico, plus depreciation. In the summer of 1914 the total cost was reduced to $4.04. 206 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Guanajuato District GUANAJUATO CONSOLIDATED MINING & MILLING CO. GUANAJUATO, MEXICO Year Ended Dec. 31, U. S. Currency 1912 1911 1910 1909 Total production $510,469.31 $436,503 $599,895 $647,4001 Ton milled 76,645 51,949 91,671 86,580 Average value recovered, per ton Mill recovery, per cent $6.67 96 81 $8.40 96.39 $6.544 96.12 $7.84 95.31 Profit per ton $.87 $1.319 $0.759 $1.044 Costs per ton : Mining, milling and cyaniding Development $4.23 .65 $4 . 579 1.198 $3.937 .855 $4 . 276 1.259 Construction Treatment of concentrates .04 .45 .022 .619 .0309 .451 .5072 Taxes and bullion expenses General expense .23 .20 .301 .362 .296 .216 .524 .230 Total $5.80 $7.081 $5.7859 $6.796 Since January 1, 1913, there has been a decided improvement in the earnings of this company. The profits per ton have averaged from $1 . 50 to $2 as compared with $.87 during 1912. This is the result of the advance in price of silver and in the grade of the ore going to the mill. The profits for April amounted to a little over $17,000 gold. Resume of Operation, 1908. Total production, $586,101; tons milled, 87,548; value recovered, $7.525; extraction, 90.41 per cent.; profit, $1.193; mining, milling and cyaniding, $4.454; dev. and const., .688; treat, of cone., .495; taxes and bullion exp., .504; genl. exp., .191; total cost, $6.332. 1 Includes $6763.30 shipping ore. Ratio silver to gold, 6 to 1. 2 Includes treatment charges on shipping ore. Remarks. Mine opened by shaft to depth of about 1000 ft. Vein varies in width from 3 ft. to over 200 ft. in one stope. Values are mainly silver. Mill has 80 stamps with tube mill regrind. The ore is stamped, concen trated, reground and then cyanided. METRIC WEIGHTS (MEXICAN STANDARD) 1 metric ton =2204 Ib. avoir. 1 gramme =15.432 grains = .0321 oz. Troy 1 kilogramme =32.15 oz. 1 gramme gold = 64.3f U. S. Currency 1 meter =39. 37 in. =3.28 ft. A Mexican peso or silver dollar =$0.50 U. S. Currency GUANAJUATO 207 GUANAJUATO REDUCTION & MINES CO. GUANAJUATO, MEXICO Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 1912 1911 Gross metal production $928,327.99 $857,460.06 Total gross revenue 961,107 25 918,975.00 Total expenses 935,236 32 897,569.68 Total profit $25,870 93 $21,405.32 200 7 grm General average of ore milled < . , 2 26 grm Metric tons milled total 223 780 221,305 Mine ore sent to mill 95 465 76,912 Dump ore sent to mill 128 315 146,168 225 5 grm. 240 grm. Average grade mine ore, approximately < , , 2 70 grm. 2.1 \ silver . . . 182 8 grm. 190.4 Average grade dump ore < , 1.96 grm. 2.2 Mill recovery /^.percent * \gold, per cent 80.04 88.09 78.78 88.27 Total recovery, per cent 82 26 81.7 Average daily tonnage. . . . 606 Average stamp duty 3.911 Average price of silver, ounces Coats are Mexican currency and metric tons. Average milling costs 60.82?! $ 9807 53.3j< $1 0160 Average cyaniding costs $1.725 1.7815 Total treatment costs .... $2 7057 $2 7975 Cost per ton \ , . . _. >layed at mill bins $0 618 $0 528 Dump ore / ' This company is treating the stope fills and surface dumps of the bonanza ores from the Rayas and Mellado mines. The main ore supply has been coming from the dumps while the old underground workings are being prepared for the drawing off of the old stope fills in the upper levels. The company will un water the lower levels and sink into virgin territory. There have been very heavy development and installation expenses necessary during the past two years preparatory to getting the property into condition for a large tonnage. The milling plant consists of 180 stamps, Wilfley and Johnson concen- trating tables, tube-mills, cyanide-plant and Butters filter-presses. GUERRERO AND JALISCO STATES SURIANA MINING & SMELTING COMPANY ACHOTLA, GUERRERO, MEXICO Tons Metric U. S. Currency COSTS Mining $2.44 Development 1 .78 Smelting and refining 10. 34 Total per ton 14.56 Production, metric tons per month 1056 Administration, construction and transportation charges are included in the above costs, which represent the total cost of all operations. The Achotla Mine is located 50 miles down the Balsas River, from Balsas Station, the terminus of the railroad. Transportation is by boat from Balsas to Pezuapa and thence by mule 6| miles to the mine. Elevation 2800 ft.; operating conditions difficult and freight charges very high. All bullion and matte produced must be freighted to the railroad on mules, a distance of 65 miles. The stopes are small and irregular and have to be heavily timbered. The square-set method of timbering is used. Wood is burned under the boilers. The power plant consists of a 50-h.p. engine, a Piquat Blower furnishing 750 cu ft. of air per minute at 15 oz. pressure, and a 10-h.p. direct current generator. The lead stack is 36X60 in. at the tuyeres and handles about 52 tons of charge per day, 61 per cent. of which is bedded ore, 10 per cent, iron flux, 3 per cent, litharge, 26 per cent, lime; percentage of coke varies from 10 to 16 per cent, and at times is partially replaced by charcoal. The ores smelted are oxidized lead ores, oxidized iron ores, silicious ore and sulphide ores. Low-grade lead bullion averaging about 20 kg. of silver and 300 gr. gold and a leady copper matte averaging 5 kg. of silver, 2 gr. of gold, 31 per cent, lead, 10 per cent, copper is produced. The bullion is refined in a cupelling furnace up to 600 fine. Coke costs $25 per metric ton delivered at mine. Timber cost, 50 cents U. S. Currency per ton of ore stoped. Data by W. B. DEVEREUX, JR. AMPARO MINING CO. ETZATLAN, JALISCO, MEXICO See Appendix, page 396. 208 Gulf of Campecke ^Sebancuj xtrV^-Xoi?' 5 _ ffc!M> "^LIGHTHOU >T,6/?NEFFE IS ....... Cr^ eCAr - ... -.GLOVERS RKI ^^"Fsta W^P 1 "^ // \ CEXTHAL AMEBICA 50 100 BaUroadK (Submarine Telegraph Linen . Oapitalg Size of type indicates Relative importance of places 1. Oroya Leonesa 2. Lone S 4 Abangarez 5. R 7. Butter's Salvad Siempre Viva 3. Montezuma io Mine 6. Aguacate Butter's Divisadero CENTRAL AMERICA U. S. CURRENCY TON = 2000 LBS. COSTA RICA ABANGAREZ GOLD FIELDS OF COSTA RICA COSTA RICA, CENTRAL AMERICA 1912 1911 1910 Gross receipts sale of gold bullion S606.782.22 $928,586 $805,233 Total expenses 735,465 . 66 721,996 532,683 Surplus earnings 128,683.44 $206,589 $272,046 Deduct interest 46,779.90 18,037 5,503 $175,463.34 $188,552 $267,046 Tons treated 50,011 42,514 31,317 Average yield $12.14 $21.84 $25.71 Cost per ton : 9 11 $10.06 $8.17 1.07 1.61 .84 2.28 2.38 1.94 Transportation . ... .57 2.38 5.05 General 1.13 .31 .59 Administration .26 .24 .42 29 Total cost $14 71 $16.98 $17.01 Direct charges to profit and loss : Depreciation on surface equipment $76,897.03 $81,695 $84,241 Amortized charge representing 5 per cent, of gross 30,339.11 46,429 40,261 output for year. Underground development, feet 9,845 10,351 7,257 Remarks. Property is located in Costa Rica near the coast, on the Pacific side up the Gulf from Punta Arenas 20 miles to nearest seaport, thence 20 miles by wagon road to the mine. In 1909 company began a campaign of betterment work of increasing output of mines. This work was to be finished in 1913. It is expected plant will then handle at least 10,000 tons of ore per month. Company's new power plant went into commission in March, 1912. In mill new stamps have been added, and old stamps have been replaced with 1250-lb. stamps. At close of 1912 twenty heavy new stamps have been erected. Ores are stamped and cyanided. Ore ground fine in tube mills. 14 209 210 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD AGUACATE MINES SAN MATEO, COSTA RICA, CENTRAL AMERICA Period May 15, 1911 to Aug. 1, 1912 Production : Bullion 37,034 Results of Amalgamation: Capacity mill stamps 10 Weight of stamps 1350 Ib. Tons milled 8,026 Assay value . $11.57 Per cent, recovered by amalgamation 40 Total value in tailings 56,651 Per cent., in tailings 60 Estimate results with cyanide plant cap. 2000 tons a month :. . . . Value ore per ton $12 . OO 1 Estimated recovery, per cent 85 Value recovery 10. 20 Estimated costs $ 5.32 Estimated profit per ton $ 4 . 88 Estimated annual profit $117,120 The following on operations for first six months of 1912 is published with permission of the Mining and Scientific Press: Cost of production: First 6 months, 1912, only amalgamation treating 966 tons per month using steam power. Mining $ 1 . 62 Tramming .52 Milling 1.24 Marketing bullion .07 Gen'l. exp .46 Administration .47 $ 4.38 Credit for land rental and store. . , .17 $ 4.21 2 Development 4,728 ft. During this period the following tons were handled: Tons mined wet 6,713 Tons mined dry 5,863 Aveg. assay value $12. 15 *It is estimated that the grade of the ore can be maintained at $12 per ton, probably $15. Judging from the description given in the reports the veins, of which there are several, average from 2 to 3 ft. in width. The mine is developed by seven levels. Development is by means of tunnels, the seventh level being the main haulage level. The mill is erected at the mouth of this tunnel. The cyanide plant of 200 tons daily capacity started Feb- ruary, 1914. 2 Of this $.35 was for wood used in steam plant. Company was arranging for electricity from Custom plant at cost of $33 a horse-power-year for 200 horse-power. In addition its own plant develops 75 horse-power. COSTA RICA. 211 MONTEZUMA MINES OF COSTA RICA MONTEZUMA, COSTA RICA, CENTRAL AMERICA Period 1910 Cost in U. S. Currency 5 mo. July to Nov. Nov. Oct. Sept. Production $58,217 $28,251 18,430 3,251 $9.95 32,347 8.69 3.23 5.46 1.38 1.85 $9,623 1,822 1,215 $8.76 10,643 7.92 6.42 1.50 j- Not avai $8,214 966 1,208 $8.52 10,292 6.80 6.00 .80 lable Est. profit Tons treated Val. gold per ton 7,610 $8.86 67,567 $7.65 4.69 $2.96 $2.34 $2.35 Total gold Cost per ton Prof, per ton Cost per ton: Ming. dev. proportion of general ex- pense. Milling with proportion general ex- pense. Total expense Extraction, per cent Rec. and paid for by smelter: $4.69 $3.25 87 2 $6.42 $6.00 3,259 6,765 $69,632 Silver, ounces Total, value 1 Smelter returns show approximately 2 oz. silver recovered per ounce of gold. The above figures gave the tons treated and the estimated profits. It is seen that the actual recovery is considerably in excess of the estimated returns. Dev. for the year 1910 was 1241 ft. The ore reserves are estimated at $10.82 gold and $.60 silver values or a total of $11 . 42. The estimated recovered is placed at 90 per cent. = 10 . 28. Total costs are put at $3 . 50, leaving the profit per ton at $6 . 78. Remarks.- Mill 40 stamps, tube-mill, regrind and cyanide. Operated by water power. Supply irregular. The vein filling is quartz accompanied by small amounts of chalcopyrite, galena, and sphalerite. For 300 ft. below surface ores are oxidized. Several parallel veins varying from 1 ft. to 20 ft. Where width does not exceed 5 ft. method of mining is over-hand stoping. Judging from the ore reserves given, the average width of the ore is between 2| and 3 ft. The mine is located 15 miles from Puntarenas, the principal seaport on the Pacific coast. HONDURAS NEW YORK AND HONDURAS ROSARIO MINING CO. SAN JUANCITO, HONDURAS, C. A. Year Ended Sept. 30 1912 1911 1910 Gross income $795,795 $1,023,952 59 884,513.28 Expenses 615,905 504,320.09 535,037.53 Profit. . 179,890 519,632.50 349,475.75 Production silver, ounces Production gold, ounces Total tons milled Average value per ton 1,387,077 6,739 39,258 $24 23 1,395,136 8,103 35,813 $28.25 1,289,173 10,621 36,634 $26.65 Old mill: Tons milled 28,828 $27 88 Saving, per cent New mill: Tons milled 84.75 10,429 84.93 87.73 Average value $15.96 Saving, per cent Costs per ton milled : Mine .90 $7 592 $8 172 $7 . 680 Mill. . . 3 460 3 664 3.640 Tramway .500 .436 .600 Surface. . 2.392 2.548 2.100 Total Development, ft Cost per foot $13.944 10,282 $6.97 $14.820 13,353 $6.24 $14.120 12,918 $6.24 No. stamps dropping 47 Duty per stamp 2.08 Remarks. The mine is located in the rugged mountains of Honduras. All freight is carted by ox and mule teams 120 miles over rough roads. The veins carry small streaks of very rich silver ore. A stoping width is main- tained which includes very low-grade material. The mill ore has from 20 to 25 per cent, waste in it. There are several veins developed by adit levels. The old mill is being supplanted by a new 20-1850 Ib. stamp mill. The ores are amalgamated and cyanided. The new mill was started in July, 1912; when in good operating order will crush and treat about 200 tons per day at a 'cost not to exceed $3 per ton. The company expects to treat $15 ore at a profit. 212 NICARAGUA LONE STAR MINING CO. Piz Piz DISTRICT, NICARAGUA, CENTRAL AMERICA Year Ended Feb. 28 1910 Gold shipped Expenses Profit Tons treated wet Tons treated dry Gold shipped per ton, dry Dry weight per cent, of wet Cost per ton mined (dry) : Mining Milling Cyanide Electric plant Improvements Plantation House Export duty Cyanide plant, 5 mos. operations : Tons milled, gross Gr. value per ton Recovery by amalgamation, per cent Recovery by sands treated, per cent Gross loss by sands discharged, per cent Gross loss by slimes discharged, per cent $92,240 84,399 $7,841 32,398 28,251 $3.26 8.72 1.37 .406 .587 .0242 .2275 .0867 .0997 .1805 $2.9816 14,875 $4.17 52 21.8 3.9 22.3 On the assumption that Slimes Plant would be in operation, it would give a recovery of 92 . 8 per cent. The actual mining of the ore costs very little, it being open cast. One man on a rope lowered into the glory hole can break loose a big tonnage. No timber is used in mines except in drifts. In the stopes "caving" and fill systems are employed, also, "under-hand." The vein in places varies up to 90 and 100 ft. wide. Mill consists of 30 stamps, one battery of ten 750-lb. stamps, and two batteries each of ten 650-lb. stamps. The figures given under "cost per ton" are the results for 12 months but included 1 month in which the cyanide plant did not run and 6 months' scarcity of labor. The greater part of the year only 20 stamps were running. Among the expenses is the cost of an aerial tramway. Mine has its own water power. 213 214 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD On a basis of 150 to 200 tons per day the costs are estimated as follows: From To Mining $1.00 $1.35 Development Outside tram .50 .10 .50 .10 10 30 .15 15 .50 .60 1.00 1.15 Engrg. sampling and assaying Gen'l expense . . .10 .50 .10 .60 $3.95 .55 $4.85 15 $4.50 $5.00 The $4 . 50 cost are for the easier ores and $5 for the more difficult ores. The report covers two diffierent veins, the Highland Mary and the Lone Star vein. The value, width of ore and costs are estimated ae follows: Highland Mary Val. per ton Yield per ton Expenses Net prof. Upper workings . . . $6.82 $4.50 Lower workings Lone Star incl. Highland Mary Extraction, per cent 10.00 $10.27 85.87 $8.82 5.00 $4.87 $3.95 The ore-bodies as sampled in the Highland Mary vein average from 6 to 20 ft. in width, and in places vary to much wider widths. The Lone Star vein as sampled varies between 3 and 10 width an average of probably 5.5 or 6 ft. (Data by Henry F. Lefevre.) OROYA LEONESA See Appendix, page 396 NICARAGUA 215 SIEMPRE VIVA MINE NICARAGUA, CENTRAL AMERICA 1908 1907 1906 Mint receipts $106,290 $93,202 $98,824 Total income 113,000 98,647 101,534 83,980 78,983 75,708 Tons treated $29,020 25,927 $19,664 19,502 $25,725 18,098 Assay value $7.44 $9.02 $12.63 Yield per ton 4.11 4.83 5.46 55 53 43 Ounces bullion 8,429 6,699 7,231 Cost per ton: $0 61 Timbering .225 434 .337 .351 Washing creek . .020 Power plant .170 Other general expenses .306 Superintendence .162 165 236 .184 Survey and engineering .030 $3.23 $4.05 $4.30 The following data on milling is given for the month of July, 1908. Handled 2160 tons of ore assay value $8.05 per ton, $17,388. I Per ton Saved in mill from plates $3 06 $6 616 00 Saved in new extra plates . 31 684 00 Saved in sand plant by cyanide . . 84 1,800 00 Lost in slimes to waste 3.84 8,288.00 Total recovery 52.3 per cent, of assay value $17,388.00 $9 100 00 Loss 47 . 7 per cent 8,288. Mill tailings contain 82 per cent, slime, 18 per cent, sand; average, $4.68. During July treated 18 per cent, all sand over 80-mesh in cyanide plant and 7 per cent, fine slime (all possible). See also Appendix, page 376 SALVADOR BUTTERS DIVISADERO CO. SALVADOR, CENTRAL AMERICA 1911 1910 Production : 9 647 82 10 583 82 645 061 38 650 080 68 $551 463 77 $384 171 49 427,740 88 326 713 32 Working profit 123,722 89 57,458 17 Tons ore mined 110,560 113,457 110 560 113 457 $4 99 $5 87 91 86 Cost per ton : Mining $1 92 2 0 11 jl 10 2 2 1 9 7 Total 141 134 1 2 10 Revenue per ton 196 27 4 25 5 Cost per ton. 141 23 4 22 10 Profit per ton Development, feet , Grade ore reserves 055 16,339 7 dwt. = 29s. 3d. 4 14,410 2 7 26,028 See also Appendix, page 377. TRANSVAAL 243 BRAKPAN MINES, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Gold, ounces Gross revenue Expenses 236,605 996,458 552,341 79,153 332,237 221,260 444,117 110,977 Net profit 442,735 Ore received from mine 738,108 249,041 Per cent waste sorted out 15.242 14.57 Mill: Tons crushed Stamp duty 637,523 13.74 241,204 12.02 No. stamps operating 135 100 No. tube mills operating 6 521 4 5 Value ore treated, dwt. 7 792 6 916 Yield ounces 137,549 39,661 Yield per ton, dwt . . 4 315 3 289 Value pulp ... 3 477 3 627 Extraction, per cent Cyanide : Tons treated 55.376 635,257 47.556 230,173 Assay value, dwt 3.464 3.586 Yield ounces 99 056 39 492 Yield per ton, dwt 3 1186 3 431 Actual extraction, per cent 90 03 95 678 Value residues, dwt. . . 3645 420 Total extraction, per cent. ... 95 263 94 896 Cost per ton miled : Mining s. d. 11 1 703 s. d. 10 11 019 Development redemption 1 6 000 1 6 000 Sorting and crushing 4.578 5 364 Stamp milling 10 357 1 637 Tube milling 8 480 7 685 Cyaniding 15 178 10 798 Recovery charge. . . 4 656 7 740 General expense, mine 9 265 10 393 Head office 3 715 4 521 Total 17 3 932 18 4 157 Revenue per ton 31 3 123 l 76 579 Cost per ton . 17 3 932 18 4 157 Profit per ton 13 11 191 9 2 422 Development, feet ; 17,348 10 675 Grade ore reserves 6.74 dwt. 61 in. 6.73 dwt. 58 in. See also Appendix, page 377 244 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD TRANSVAAL GOLD MINING ESTATES, LIMITED CENTRAL MINE, LYDENBURG, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended March 31 Production 1912 Production mills ounces gold 40,351 Production cyanide plant ounces gold 36,239 Total ounces 76,580 Value of yield 320,053 5s. 3d. Rebates on freight 989 7 4 Total revenues 321 042 12s 7d Total expenses. 142 773 1 9 Working profit 178,269 10s. lOd. Mills : Tons mined 121,458 Tons crushed Value total recovery Value per ton milled 121,450 168,396 9s. 5d. 27s 8 77d Average number stamps 60 Duty per stamp (tons) 6,039 Cyanide : Tons treated Value total recovery 118,950 151 185 4s 5d Value per ton milled 24s 10 75d Assay value, charges, dwt 6 994 Assay value, residues, dwt 969 Actual extraction, per cent. 87.10 Ounces gold recovered in accumulating slimes . 113.6 Profit in accumulating slimes .... .... 348 14s. Id. Costs per ton (milled) : Alining 9s 4 07d Development. . . . 4 7 17 Transportation 1 3 84 Prospecting 9.92 Milling Cyaniding 2 1.85 3 4 29 General 1 11 00 Total . 23s. 6 14d Net results per ton : Total revenues 52s. 10.42d Total cost 23 6.14 Grade ore reserves, dwt 29s. 4.28d. 14.22 TRANSVAAL 245 CINDERELLA CONSOLIDATED GOLD MINES, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Production : 69,514 294,313 264,606 Working expenses 261,338 229,672 32,875 34,934 Profit after sundry income 47,932 49,731 Mine: 13 13* Mill: Tons crushed 211,518 192,341 Grade ore treated, dwt 7.086 6.933 No. stamps working Stamp duty . 75 8.663 70 Total ounces gold 40,248 Yield per ton, dwt 3.806 57 9 Cyanide : Tons sand treated 138,118 126,253 Total yield gold, ounces Tons slime treated 73,722 65,768 Total yield gold, ounces Yield, dwt Yield per ton milled 29,266 2.767 27s. 9 . 83d. 27s. 6d. Cost per ton: 15s. 1 652d. 13s 10 4d Development redeemed 2 0.000 2 .1 Sorting, crushing and transportation Milling 4.903 1 10.825 6 1 11.6 Cyaniding sands and slimes General expenses, head office 1 10.311 9.108 1 11.6 1 5.28 Revenue per ton 24s. 8.528d. 27 9 83 23s. 9.58d. 27 6 Cost per ton. . 24 8 . 528 23 9.58 Working profit pert on Development, feet 3s. 1 . 302d. 15,509 3s. 8.24d. Average grade ore reserves 6. 70 dwt. See also Appendix, page 377 246 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD CITY DEEP, LIMITED TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Production ounces, gold Total revenue Total working costs 203,019 852,039 569,621 128,113 537,548 406 634 Total working profit. . 282,418 130 914 Net profit Mills: Tons mined Ore from surface 289,543 487,565 81,228 90,936 285,960 Sorted as waste 88,863 45,763 Per cent, sorted out 15 6 11 6 Tons crushed Value ore before crushing Yield fine ounces Yield per ton Assay value pulp Theoretical extraction, per cent Actual extraction, per cent 479,630 35s. 9d. 132,763 1 3s. 3d. 12s. 6d. 65.1 65.1 349,713 7.63 dwt. 90,820 5.19 dwt. 2.44 68 68 Cyanide : Tons treated Assay value Total yield, ounces Yield per ton Assay value residue 477,160 12s. 4d. 70,256 12s. 3d. Is 2d 334,228 2.45 dwt. 37,293 2.23 dwt. 347 dwt Actual extraction, per cent Total extraction, per cent. 99.5 91.1 96 Cost per ton (milled) : Mining 14s 6d. 14s Id Development Reduction expenses, milling and cyanide General expense 032 043 1 10 1 11 4 11 024 Total working cost. . . 139 133 Profit from accumulations. . 10 235 3 972 Net results per ton: Total revenue 35s 6 3d 1 10 9 Total working cost 23 90 133 Working profit. . 11s 9d 7s 6d No. of stamps operating No. of tube mills operating (running time) Development 120 7.5 16,602 90 5.6 9,947 See also Appendix, page 378 TRANSVAAL 247 THE CITY AND SUBURBAN GOLD MINING AND ESTATE CO., LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Gold, ounces 142,273 113 306 Gross revenue 622,847 474,299 Expense .... 350,512 311,776 Profit Total profit 272,335 278,418 162,523 174,004 Ore received from mine, tons 367,368 372 763 Per cent, waste sorted out. 11 90 15 Mill: Tons crushed Stamp duty, tons, 24 hr 323,934 6.585 317,579 6 009 No. stamps operating 143 160 No. tube mills operating 2.097 .123 Value ore treated 38s 3d 7 886 dwt Yield, ounces 99 010 72 707 Yield per ton. . . . 25s 8d 4 579 dwt Value, pulp Extraction, per cent Cyanide : i Tons treated 12s. 7d. 67.084 324,762 3. 307 dwt. 58.065 316,264 12s 8d 3 284 Yield, ounces 43 263 40 599 Yield per ton. 11s 3d 2 567 Actual extraction, per cent 88 596 78 12 Value residues Is 8d 724 Total extraction, per cent Cost per ton (milled) : Mining . 96.397 13s 11 808d 90.487 12s 8 065d Development 1 2 646 1 5 43 Sorting and crushing 6 931 7 485 Transportation to mill 2 036 I 910 Stamp miiling 1 4 526 1 5 464 Tube milling 7 302 506 Cyaniding 2 2 987 1 9 792 General expense 1 5 455 1 4 963 Total 11 7 691 19 7 62 Revenue per ton 1 18 5 462 29 10 44 Cost per ton . 11 7 691 19 7 62 Profit per ton. 16s 9 771d 10s 2 82d Development, ft. 8 301 10 442 Grade ore reserves 8.4 dwt. See also Appendix, page 378 248 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD CONSOLIDATED LANGLAAGTE MINES, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 Production : Gold, ounces 89,610 Total revenue 380,693 Working expenses 281,247 Working profit 99,446 Profit after accl. slimes and miscellaneous 123,939 Mine: Tons mined 290,036 Mill: Tons crushed 295,072 Grade ore treated, dwt 6.561 Number stamps working 230 Stamp duty 5.25 and 16.891 Total ounces gold 56,632 Yield per ton, dwt 3.839 Cyanide : Tons sand treated 175,127 Total yield gold, ounces 24,587 Yield per ton treated, dwt 2.808 Yield per ton milled, dwt 1.666 Average value charge, dwt 3.546 Tons slime treated 113,570 Total yield gold, ounces 8,391 Yield per ton treated, dwt 1.478 Yield per ton milled, dwt .569 Average value charge 1.801 Final extraction per ton milled, per cent 92.577 2 Cost per ton : Shillings Mining 8.394 Development .- 2.115 Hoisting 1.467 Pumping .382 Transportation of ore .397 Ore sorting and crushing .224 MiUing \ 1 729 Tube milling / ' ' Cyaniding sands and slimes 1.830 General expense, mine .969 General expense, head office 1.516 Total cost. . . 19.063 TRANSVAAL 249 Summary per ton : Revenue Cost... 25,803s. 19.063 Working profit. Total extraction, dwt Ounces gold from accumulated alimes not incl. in above. Grade ore reserves, dwt. Development, feet 6.740s. 6.074 7,483 6.4 28,575 1 5 . 25 in old mill of 140 stamps and 16.89 in new mill of 90 stamps. 2 Excluding gold recovered from accumulated silme. Remarks. The east shaft had attained a depth of 2,702 ft. having been sunk 755 ft. on the incline during the year. The cost of shaft sinking in- cluding stations, ore bins and equipment in East and West Shafts was 49,195. The West Shaft was sunk 420 ft. on the incline to a depth of 2599 ft. The average stoping width in the mines was 47.54 in. There were engaged in hand stoping during the year 889 boys. 72 . 50 per cent, of tonnage mined was hand stoping. 10.79 per cent, of tonnage mined was machine stoping. 7.99 per cent, of tonnage mined was ore reclamation. 8 . 72 per cent, of tonnage mined was development. The average width stopes in hand labour stopes was 46.94 in. and 52.04 in. in the machine stopes. 250 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD CONSOLIDATED MAIN REEF MINES AND ESTATE, LTD. SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended June 30 1912 1911 1910 Gold, ounces. . 83,722 Gross production Total expenses 350,423 256,289 360,211 272,237 297,185 206,714 Working profit 94 134 87,974 90,471 Tons mined 272,897 Per cent, sorted out 11.36 Mill: Tons milled 242,416 252,485 197,083 No. stamps 100 120 103 Stamp duty, tons 24 hours 7.703 7 207 6.992 5.723 63 733 Yield per ton, dwt 5.258 72 96 4.928 4.059 Cyanide : Sands treated, tons 121,271 Slime treated, tons 121,145 Yield, ounces by cyanide Yield, ounces per ton, dwt 19,989 1.649 22 88 1.891 3.115 Total extraction, per cent Cost per ton (milled) : . Mining 95.84 9s. 8 . 290d. 93.3 9s. 8.107d. 90.11 8s. 10.647d. Development 4 5 . 043 4 10.937 5 10.049 Pumping 7.480 7.333 8.392 Tramming, sorting and crushing .... 11.370 1 10 748 11.695 2 1 612 1 1.091 1 7 442 Cyanide 1 8 662 1 8 927 1 9 562 Mine charge 8.692 5 068 1.691 General charges 1 1.450 1 1 . 097 10.854 Total Yield per ton 21s. 1.735d. 28s. 10.931d. 21s. 6.776d. 28s. 6.40d. 20s. 11.728d. 30s. 1.901d. Costs 21 1.735 21 6 776 20 11.728 Working profit Development, feet 7s. 9.196d. 18,946 6s. 11.624d. 9s. 2.173d. Grade ore reserves 7. 26 dwt. 48 in. See also Appendix, page 378 TRANSVAAL 251 CROWN MINES, LIMITED TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Production ounces, gold 731,749 674,828 Total revenue Total working costs 3,071,216 1,756,969 2,831,625 1,560,519 Working profit . 1 314 247 1 271 106 Total working profit 1,315 818 1 280 757 Net profit . . 1,270,142 1,261 345 Mills : Tons mined Tons crushed Value of ore before crushing 2,183,305 1,920,700 33s. 6d. 1,831,182 1,618,500 8.68 dwt. Yield, fine ounces 513 231 481 612 Yield per ton. . . 22s 5d 5 95 dwt Assay value pulp . . 11s Id 2 73 dwt Extraction, per cent Cyanide : Tons treated 67 1,915,716 68.5 1,616,941 Assay value lls Id 2 73 fine dwt Total yield. 218 518 193 216 oz Yield per ton . . 9s 7d 2 39 dwt Agsay value residue Actual extraction, per cent Costs per ton (milled) : Mining Is. 7d. 86.5 12s Id .403 dwt. 87.5 12s 4d Development and redemption 012 012 Reduction expenses, milling and cyanide 039 042 Genl. expense 014 018 Total working cost Net results per ton: Total revenue 18 4 1 12 19 4 1 15 Total working cost 18 4 19 4 Working profit. Accumulations, profit .... 13 8 1,571 15 8 9 650 No. of stamps operating 660 620 No. of tube mills operating 22 16 9 Duty per stamp (tons) Per cent, waste sorted in mining Development work feet 10.3 11.9 46 804 8.8 11.7 71 023 Grade of ore reserves 7.1 dwt. 7 25 dwt Total mill recovery, per cent 95.5 96 See also Appendix, page 379 252 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD DURBAN ROODEPOORT DEEP, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 Gold ounces 104,986 Total revenue 439,699 381,558 357,128 Total expenses 357,614 319 808 295 407 Working profit Net profit after miscellaneous Mine: Tons mined 82,085 77,798 357,270 61,750 58,859 327,171 61,721 61,029 309,067 Per cent waste sorted 17 7 Mill: Tons crushed 293,995 262,540 240 530 Value ore 31s. 6d. No. stamps operating 100 Stamp duty per 24 hr 8.6 Yield total gold, ounces 74,042 21s Id 67 Cyanide : Tons treated 293,508 Assay value, originals 10s. 5d. Yield, total, ounces 30,944 Yield per ton 8s. lOd. Is 7d 84 8 Cost per ton: Mining s. d. 15 7 Development 026 Sorting and crushing 009 Transportation to mill 001 Milling 1 11 Cyaniding 016 General expense 020 Total cost 144 1 4 36s. 1 4 56s Total revenue per ton Total cost per ton 1 9 11 1 4 4 1 9.07 1 4.36 1 9.70 1 4.56 057 4 71s 5 14s 15,555 Average value ore reserves, dwt .... Average value ore reserves. . . 6.9 29s. 6.8 28.05s. TRANSVAAL 253 The development work for 1912 disclosed the following which were used in calculations for ore reserves. | Distance, ft., exposed | Width, inches | Assay value Main Reef South Reef. . . 4415 5840 28 10 45s. 132 4d. The ore reserves show the following on the Main and South Reefs. Value Stoping width, inches dwt. s. d. Main Reef South Reef Average 6.2 7.3 26 30 8 56 42 6.9 29 Remarks. The area contains the reef for about 1| miles along the strike. Dip of reef about 42 deg. The mill has 100 stamps and three tube mills with an annual capacity of about 285,000 tons. About 20 per cent, of the rock mined is sorted out and rejected. RESUME* OF OPERATIONS FROM FIRST YEAR (6 MO.) ENDING DEC. 31, 1898 TO DEC. 31, 1912, INCL. Tons milled 1,923,124 Revenue per ton milled 1 12s. 8.8d. Cost per ton milled 1 5. 10.4. Profit per ton 6. 10.4. Working profit 660,169 Net profit 593,480 254 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD DURBAN-ROODEPOORT GOLD MINING CO., LTD. ROODEPOOKT, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Gold ounces . . 42,770 48,023 Gross revenue . . . . 180,361 203,472 Expenses . 132,931 135,250 Working profit 47,430 68,222 45,015 34,957 Ore received from mine 195,157 Per cent waste sorted out 14 46 13 Mill: Tons crushed 166,915 165,665 Stamp duty per day, tons 5.25 Number stamps operating Yield ounces. . . . ... 90 31,554 90 Yield per ton 3.781 dwt. 17s. 4.8d. Extraction v Cyanide : Tons treated 66.59 164,147 Yield ounces 11,026 Yield per ton 1 321 dwt 7s 1 9d Actual extraction, per cent 23 73 Total extraction, per cent 90 74 Cost per ton : Mining. 9s. 5d. 9s. 6 4d. Development 1 3.9 1 79 Milling . 1 9.4 1 7.4 Sorting 7.1 6.9 General charges Tailing and slime treating Profit tax 1 7.6 1 6.5 52 1 9.3 1 6.6 81 Depreciation and London office 1 6.7 1 6.1 Total. . 17s 10 9d 18s 10 7d. Revenue per ton 11 89 14 78 Cost per ton 17 10 9 18 10 7 Profit per ton Development, feet 3s. 10. Od. 5,082 5s. 9. Id. Grade ore reserves 20s to 22s Remarks. Company operates on the Main and South Reefs. The average stoping width for 1912 was 44 in. Property is equipped with a 90- stamp mill and cyanide plant. TRANSVAAL 255 EAST RAND PROPRIETARY MINES, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 Gold, ounces Gross revenue Expenses 705,325 2,967,443 1,928,350 664,304 2,784,882 1,828,261 691,860 2,900,883 1,651,527 Working profit 1,039,093 956,621 1,249,356 Total profit after accul 1 076 746 974 516 Ore received from mine Per cent, waste sorted out Mill: Tons crushed Stamp duty, tons 24 hr No. stamps operating 2,054,507 10 1,848,050 7.39 820 25 2,354,336 7 2,194,552 8.23 820 25 2,334,907 8.7 2,126,334 6.78 820 Value ore treated, dwt Yield, ounces . 7.991 424,945 6.579 366,787 7.008 373,407 Yield per ton, dwt 4 . 599 3.343 3.512 57 5 50 11 Cyanide : Tons treated 1 846 275 i Assay value, dwt Yield, ounces 3.392 280 380 3.232 297,517 318,452 Yield per ton, dwt Actual extraction, per cent. . . Value residues, dwt 3.034 89.53 385 2.711 83.9 .432 i Total extraction, per cent 95 5 92.85 Cost per ton : Mining s. d. 11 94 s. d. 8 3.7 s. d. 7 6.6 Development Reduction expense General expense 3 0.0 4 5.5 1 7.5 3 1.5 4 8.8 5.9 2 6.0 4 11.6 6.2 Total... . 1 10 4 16 79 15 64 Revenue per ton 1 12 1.4 25 4.5 27 3.424 Cost per ton. . . . 1 10 4 16 79 15 6.4 Profit per ton Development, ft Grade ore reserves dwt 11 3.0 57,440 6 8 8 8.6 69,714 6 9 11 9.0 110,084 1 Sands treated, 1,278,414 tons; assay value, 3.985 dwt.; obtained 3.379 dwt. per ton treated; per ton milled, 2.032; per cent, extraction, 84.78. Slime treated, 847,920 tons; assay value, 2.519 dwt.; obtained 2.205 dwt. per ton treated; per ton milled, .879 dwt.; per cent, extraction, 87.53. See also Appendix, page 379 256 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD TRANSVAAL G. M. EST., LTD. ELANDSDRIFT MINE, LYDENBURG, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended March 31, 1912 Production 1912 Mills ounce gold yield 8,235.734 Valued at 34,430 5s. 9d. 1,185 009 Valued at 4,935 13s. 3d. Total recovery 39,365 19s. Od. Underestimated 38 1 8 Net total recovery 39,404 8 Total costs 9,919 6 39,484 14s. 8d. Tons mined 8,025 Overburden stripped, cu. yd Mills: Tons crushed 16,104 7,930 8,235 734 20.77 Recovery per ton milled 86s. 10.02d. Cyanide : Tons treated. . 8,404 Yield ounces gold. . . 1,185.009 Recovery per ton in dwt 2.988 12s. 5.38d. Tonnage includes slime stored of 474 tons. Cost per ton (milled) : Mining... . 6s. 4.33d. Development 4 5.92 Transportation Milling 1 4.22 5 1.97 Cyanide 3 8.54 General expenses 3 11.22 Total ..... 25s. 0.20d. Total recovery Total costs 99s. 4.55d. 25s. 0.20d. 74s 4 35d. No stamps 5 Duty per stamp .... 4.696 Grade ore reserves approximately, dwt 10 TRANSVAAL 257 FERREIRA DEEP, LIMITED SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Sept. 30 1912 1911 1910 1,116,979 811,723 873,337 Working expenditures 595,418 391,784 344,400 Working profit 521,561 419,939 528,937 Add revenue from slimes 12,922 Tons mined 466,213 454,571 Tons milled . 559,800 373,196 364,147 Waste sorted out, per cent 15.7 19.5 20 Costs : Total working per ton Value gold recovered per ton s. d. 21 3 39 11 s. 21.00 43.50 8. 18.91 47.96 Profit per ton 18 8 22 50 29 05 Profit per ton ded. current expense 21.8 Tax per ton 2.1 Net profit 19 19.8 Average grade ore reserves 41.22. See also Appendix, page 380. FERREIRA GOLD MINING COMPANY, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1911 1910 Revenue from gold. . 460 298 581 150 Working expenditures . 264,250 278 398 Working profit 196 048 302 752 Tons mined 340 433 390 526 Tons milled 310 300 346 150 Costs : s. 8. Total working per ton 17 03 16 09 Value gold recovered per ton 29 67 33 58 Profit per ton 12 64 17 49 Profit per ton after current expenses 11 75 Tax per ton 95 Net profit .... 10 80 Average grade ore reserves per ton 34.55s. See also Appendix, page 380 17 258 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD GELDENHUIS DEEP, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 225,517 265,083 276 002 946,154 1,111,423 1,156 543 811,301 883,846 905 238 134,853 227,577 251 305 141,987 236,125 260 524 Credit balance . 137,259 232,611 268,118 Mine: Tons mined 776,511 1,013,323 1,058,175 Per cent, waste sorted Mill: Tons crushed 19.1 627,960 21 801,860 21.8 826,610 Value ore 31s. 4d. 6.89 dwt. 7.01 300 420 420 Stamp duty tons per 24 hours Yield total gold, ounces Yield per ton 7.1 153,730 20s. 7d. 6.7 175,318 4.37 dwt. 6.4 185,020 4.48 dwt. 65 6 63 4 63 9 Cyanide : 633,162 803 625 824 629 10s. 9d 2 52 dwt 2 53 dwt Yield total ounces. 71,787 89 765 90 982 Yield per ton 9s. 6d 2 23 dwt 2 21 dwt Is. 4d. 403 dwt 45 dwt Extraction, per cent .... 88 6 88 6 82 3 Cost per ton : s. d. 15 10 s. d. 13 7 s. d. 13 4 Development Sorting and crushing Transportation to mill 031 008 002 1 10 008 002 1 10 009 002 Milling 020 018 017 Cyaniding and tube milling General expense 1 11 020 026 018 028 017 Renewals and replacements 002 Total cost 1 5 10 121 1 1 11 Total revenue per ton 1 10 2 179 180 Total cost per ton 1 5 10 121 1111 Working profit per ton 044 5 8 061 Development, feet 29 459 30 273 25 829 Aver, value ore reserves. . . 6 3 dwt 6 2 dwt 6 1 Stoping width, inches 40 to 52 37 to 51 37 to 52 Yield per ton milled 30s. 2d. 27a. 9d. 28s. See also Appendix, page 380 TRANSVAAL 259 GINSBERG GOLD MINING CO. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912. Production: Gold, ounces 59,411 Total revenue 252,534 Working expenses 171,877 Working profit 80,657 Mine : Tons mined 248,849 Of which "fines" sent to mill were 82,828 Mill: Tons crushed 167,922 Grade ore treated 7.582 No. stamps working 80 Total ounces, gold 38,394 Yield per ton, dwt 4 . 573 Extraction, per cent 60.31 Cyanide : Tons sand treated 102,492 Total yield, gold, ounces 15,089 Yield per ton treated, dwt 2 . 944 Yield per ton milled, dwt 1 . 797 Average value charge, dwt 3 . 573 Tons slime treated 65,413 Total yield gold, ounces 5,928 Yield per ton treated, dwt 1.813 Yield per ton milled, dwt .706 Average value charge 2 . 064 Final extraction, per cent 93 . 32 Cost per ton: Mining 9.332s. Development. . 629 Hoisting 1 . 608 Pumping .871 Transport, of ore . 358 Ore sorting and crushing . 529 Milling 1 . 884 Tube milling . 507 Cy aniding sands and slimes 2 . 244 General exp., mine 1 . 065 General exp., head office 1 . 444 Total cost 20.471s. Revenue per ton, dwt 7.076 Revenue per ton 30 . 077s. Working cost per ton 20 . 471 Working profit per ton 9 . 606s. Development, feet 1,361 Grade ore reserves, dwt 6.9 260 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD GLENCAIRN MAIN REEF G. M. CO., LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 Production : Gold, ounces Total revenue Working expenses Working profit Profit after accl. slime and miscellaneous Mine : Tons mined and from dumps Per cent, waste sorted out Mill : Tons crushed Number stamps working r Stamp duty Total ounces gold Yield per ton, dwt Cyanide : Tons sand treated Total yield gold, ounces Yield per ton treated, dwt Yield per ton milled, dwt Value, before treatment dwt Extraction, per cent Tons slime treated Total yield gold, ounces Yield per ton treated, dwt Yield per ton milled, dwt Value before treatment, dwt Extraction, per cent Cost per ton: Mining Development Hoisting Pumping Transportation of ore Ore sorting and crushing Milling Cyaniding sands and slimes General expense, mine General expense, head office Total cost Summary of results per ton: Mill recovery, dwt Cyanide sand and slime Total Value mill recovery Value cyanide recovery Total yield Total cost Working profit Recovery of ore reserves (estimated, dwt.) Development, feet 42,935 182,506 159,152 23,354 35,202 274,375 13.77 236,685 160 4.5 25,568 2.161 151,706 12,629 1.665 1.067 2.238 74.26 82,822 4,738 1,130 .400 1.314 85.73 Shillings 5.882 .397 .914 .462 .330 .432 1.772 1.842 .624 .793 13.448 2.161 1.467 3.628 9.189s. 6.233 15.422s. 13.448 1.974s. 3.6 2,162 TRANSVAAL 261 JUPITER GOLD MINING CO., LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 Gold yield, oz Gold revenue 116,241 488,122 85,682.327 359,171 74,285.23 311,656 Working expense 430,974 332,232 270,992 Working profit 57,148 26,938 40,664 Total profit 63,632 31,951 46,879 Tons mined, dumps Waste sorted, per cent Tons milled 492,789 7.24 476,450 347,071 9.48 314,650 311,638 14.08 267,398 Tons sands treated 217,437 147,399 145,498 Tons slimes treated 259,013 167,251 121,900 Value rec. battery and tubes per ton. Value rec. sands per ton Value rec. slimes per ton s. d. 11 6.652 5 3.417 3 7.586 s. d. 12 8.106 6 4.112 3 9.405 s. d. 13 10.014 6 6.787 2 10.572 Working profit per ton Costs per ton (milled) : Mining Sorting, crushing and transport- ing. Milling 1 5.655 2 4.562 s. d. 11 0.179 4.619 10.281 1 2 9.623 2 0.371 s. d. 11 11.204 6 . 204 1 0.414 1 3s. 3.373d. 3 0.147 s. d. 10 11.519 7.410 1 5.210 Tube mill .. . 1 0.733 1 0.132 9.715 Cyanide sands 8.769 11.956 1 0.723 Cyanide slimes Development General charges 6.777 1 10.788 1 4 . 773 6.259 3 0.959 1 7.751 6.871 2 10.703 1 11.075 17s. 10.919d. 002 174 1 Os. 8.879d. 4 532 1 Os. 3.226d Total . . 18 1.093 1 1 1.411 1 3.226 1912 1911 1910 Ave. no. stamps 100 73 88 Days running time 342 5 339 322 Duty per stamp Tube mills 13.908 6| 12.68 4 9.408 7 Development, feet Value of reserves 10,618 6.0 11,349 5.7dwt. 7,702 5.8 dwt. Note. Tube mills run jointly with Simmer and Jack. Milling plant has 100 heavy stamps with tubes. 262 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD KNIGHT CENTRAL, LTD. SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 Gold, ounces 79,730 87,591 Gross production. . . 333,877 366,406 344,325 Total expenses 279,450 295,589 265,314 Total profit 54 427 70 817 79 Oil Mine: Tons hoisted . 310,420 350 353 Tons mined and from dump 313,227 344 800 Per cent, sorted out 8 18 8 60 Mill: Tons milled Average value ore dwt 286,600 5 76 315,171 302,228 No. stamps running Duty per stamp Gold, oz. recovered 107.1 8.65 58 735 110 9.14 62 466 110 9.22 Per ton recovered, dwt 4 1 3 96 3 88 Per cent, extraction 71 16 Cyanide : Sand tons 166 104 192 440 Slimes, tons . 120,572 124 048 Tailing assay, dwt Residue assay, dwt 1.76 .26 1.84 28 Total oz recovered 20 995 25 125 Recovery per ton, dwt 1 46 1 59 1 57 Per cent, extraction 82 97 86 52 Total extraction.. 96.6 95 60 95 14 Costs per ton milled: Mining s. d. 11 8 19 s. d. 11 5 83 s. d. 9 11 Development 2 7 56 2 2 31 1 10 95 Crushing and sorting 6 93 6 20 6 43 Milling .. 1 10 01 1 11 60 2 5 02 Cyaniding. . 1 5.40 1 4 44 1 5 47 Gen'l mine charges. . . 6.75 6 23 6.98 Gen'l charges 9.17 8.48 8.84 Total 19s 6 Old 18s 9 09d 17s 6 69d Total recovery, dwt 5 56 Total revenue 23s. 3.59d 1 3s 3 02d Profit per ton . . . . . 3 9.58 4 5 93 Grade ore reserves 6 1 dwt 6 04 dwt Width ore reserves in 62 5 60 56 Development, feet 10,776 10,837 TRANSVAAL 263 Remarks.' The mine is operated through two shafts connected under- ground. The Main, Middle and North reefs were cut at the following depths: 2056 ft., 2072 ft. and 2116 ft. The Eastern shaft has been carried to a depth of 4495 ft. The stoping width is about 60 in. of 6 dwt. rock, exclusive of stripping. This has averaged to date about 9 in. over the total area mined. The mill has 120 heavy duty stamps, and 33 tube mills. KNIGHTS DEEP, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended July 31 1912 1911 Yield, gold, oz . . 151,114.973 162 369 702 Value . 634,984 681,725 Working costs 418,519 407,989 216 464 273 735 8 365 12 993 Total profit 224,830 6s. lOd 286 729 6s lid Less tax, int., etc 22,999 9 32,325 16s. lid. 201,830 17s. lOd. 751 058 254,403 10s. Od. 737 957 3 11 5 69 Tons milled 727 700 695 670 Tons sands treated Tons slimes treated Value rec. in battery 413,850 313,850 8s. 5 123d. 429,450 266,220 8s 10 704d Value rec. in sands 3 10.626 4 9 459 Value rec. in slimes 1 6.186 1 5 538 3s 7 205d 4 5 193 Total 17s 5 140 19s 6 894 Add rebate on frt 282 295 Total 17 5 422 19 7 189 5 11 392 7 10 436 Ave. No. stamps dropping 270 270 Running time, days Tube mill running Running time, days Development 342 6 345 1454 328 6 339 3527 Gal. water hoisted 44,553,260 131 562 533 Ave. grade of reserves 4. 7 dwt. 5. 2 dwt. 264 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD 1912 1911 Ave. value ore milled 4.39 dwt. = 18/5 5 05 dwt -21/0 75 Ave. value residue 0.27dwt. = 1/1.58 0.329 dwt.- 1/4 55 Costs per ton: Development s. d. s. d. 3 225 Alining 6 4 367 6 6 113 Pumping 2.136 Transporting, sorting and crushing Milling 8.108 1 1 . 280 8.097 1 1 . 690 Tube milling 6 266 7 101 Sand expenses 9 381 10 240 Slime expenses 5 110 4 587 Hire of plant 1 385 1 415 General charges. 11.355 11 123 Renewals, etc 11 1.388 4.642 11 5.590 3 162 Total 11 6.030 11 8.753 Notes. The mine is operated through two shafts 2100 ft. apart. The main reef was intersected at a depth of 1200 ft. The dip of reef varies from 18 deg. to 27 deg. There are four reefs in the mine but the main producers have been the main reef leader and South Reef. Reserves are based upon a stoping width of 70 in. of approx. 5.2 dwt. per ton. The combined mills contain 280 stamps and six tube mills. TRANSVAAL 265 MAIN REEF WEST, LTD. SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended June 30 1912 1911 1910 Gold, ounces 73,471 Gross production 307,709 338,797 307,787 Total expenses 203,469 198,924 169,838 Working profit 104,240 139,873 137,949 Tons mined 212,788 13 81 Mill: Tons milled 185,781 196,391 189,649 No. stamps 81 62 120 103 Stamp duty per 24 hours 7.369 6.342 5.41 Value rock, dwt Yield dwt. per ton 8.259 5.951 55 284 34s. 6.028d. 5.774 32s. 5.503d. 4.892 Extraction per cent 72 06 Cyanide : Sands treated, tons. . . 101,198 Slimes treated, tons 84,583 Yield ounces by cyanide Yield dwt. per ton Per cent of extraction 18,187 1.958 23 70 2.475 2.858 Total extraction, per cent Cost per ton (milled) : Mining Development 95.76 11s. 10.810d. 3 9.819 93.95 10s. 7.964d. 3 6.212 91.86 9s. 2.828d. 3 3.591 Pumping Tramming, sorting and crushing Milling 7.290 2 3 732 8.550 2 1 532 7.584 1 9 395 Cyanide 1 9.440 1 9 921 1 9 107 Mine charge General charges 4.349 1 1.419 4 . 557 1 0.359 2.345 1 0.079 Total 21s. 10 850d 20s 3 095d 17s 10 929d Yield per ton 33s. 1.512d. Costs 21 10 850 Working profit 11s 2 662d 14s 2 933d 14s 6 574d Development, feet 12,842 Grade ore reserves, dwt 6.36 See also Appendix, page 381 266 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD MODDERFONTEIN B. GOLD MINES, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Total cost Total revenue per ton. Total cost per ton. . . . Working profit per ton Development, feet Average value ore reserves Stoping width, inches for year. . . Stoping width ore reserves Gold, ounces 172,838 Total revenue 725,219 Total expenses 343,066 Working profit 382,153 Mine: Tons mined 437,306 Per cent, waste sorted 11.1 Mill: Tons crushed 388,570 Value ore 39s. 2d. Number stamps operating . 80 Stamp duty per 24 hrs 14 Yield total gold, ounces 99,374 Yield per ton 21s. 6d. Extraction, per cent 54.9 Cyanide : Tons treated 387,487 Assay value, originals 17s. 8d. Yield total, ounces 73,464 Yield per ton 15s. lid. Extraction, per cent 90.2 Cost per ton: Mining 9s. 3d. Development, redemption 1 10 Sorting and crushing 4 Transportation to mill 1 Stamp milling 10 Tube milling 009 Amalgamation 2 Cyaniding 02 1 General expense 1 10 Renewals 00 6 17 1 17 17 19a. 8d. 8,606 7.2dwt 55 See also Appendix, page 381 TRANSVAAL 267 THE NEW HERIOT GOLD MINING CO., LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 r< i^ 60,833 255,509 268,243 258,516 151,222 150,715 152,141 104,287 117,528 106,375 111,415 162,131 179,618 185,484 Per cent, waste sorted Mill ' Tons crushed 15.08 137,630 19.5 144,643 19.25 149,990 Value ore 38s. Id. 70 6 61 amp u y per 43 345 ! e o a go , ounc 26s 6d le per on .. 69 52 138,665 12s. 2d 17,487 Yield per ton 10s. 7d. Is. 6d. 87.33 12s. 6.9d. 1 6.5 8.4 3.3 1 7.7 6.0 2 5.0 General expense 1 11.4 46 Total cost 21s. 11 7d. 37 1.6 21 11.7 Working profit per ton 15s. 1.9d. Development, feet Average value ore reserves Gold ounces not included in above \ 3,898 8.1 dwt. 2,425 Accumulated slimes / Total ounces gold 63,258 Total revenue per ton included 1 18s. 7.3d. Total with sundry revenue 1 18 8.4 37.09s. 34.47s. Total working cost 1 2 6.2 20.84s. 20.29s. Profit. . 16s. 2.2d. 16.25s. 14.18s. See also Appendix, page 381 268 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD NEW MODDERFONTEIN GOLD MINING CO., LTD, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended June 30 1912 Total revenue 1,011,020 346 961 464,059 Net profit after miscl . . . . 478,862 Mine: Tons mined 657,806 Per cent waste sorted 11 Mill: Tons crushed . . 585,900 Value ore 35s. 5d. No. stamps operating 180 Stamp duty 9.7 Yield total gold, ounces 184,081 Yield per ton 26s. 4d. Extraction Cyanide : Tons treated 74.6 586 615 8s. lid. Yield total oz 56,901 Yield per ton 8s. 2d. Assay residues Os. 9d. Extraction 91.0 Total extraction 97.7 Cost per ton milled: Mining s. d. 11 5 Development 1 7 Sorting and crushing 004 Transportation to mill 1 Milling 1 10 Cy aniding 1 10 General expense 1 7 Total cost 18 8 Total revenue per ton 1 14 6 Total cost per ton 18 8 Working profit per ton 15 10 General : Development, feet 21,865 Average value ore reserves 8 dwt. Average stoping width of ore reserves, Main Reef Average stoping width reserves, South Reef Stoping width for year 59 in. 58 in. 57 in. See also Appendix, page 382 TRANSVAAL 269 NEW PRIMROSE GOLD MINING CO., LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 Production : Gold, ounces 99,471 Revenue from gold 404,086 Total cost 201,658 Working profit 202,428 Mine : Tons mined 309,608 Per cent, fines 39.44 Delivered to sorting plant 187,485 Per cent, waste sorted out 9.234 Additional waste left in stopes 21,000 Milling : Ore crushed, tons 289,000 Value, dwt 7.134 Yield, ounces 61,747 Yield per ton, dwt 4.273 Per cent, extraction 59.89 Cyanide : Sand, tons 185,850 Value, dwt 3.521 Yield gold, ounces 25,843 Extraction, dwt 2.78 Extraction per ton milled, dwt 1.788 Per cent, total contents 25.06 Slime treated, tons 97,926 Value, dwt 1.777 Yield gold, ounces 7,430 Extraction per ton 1.517 Extraction per ton milled, dwt .514 Per cent, of gold contents 7.205 Accumulation slimes, yield ounces 4,451 Value per ton, dwt 2.341 lost per ton : Mining Shillings 5.849 Development . 902 Hoisting 1.146 Pumping .337 Transportation of ore .156 Crushing and sorting .297 Milling 1.576 Tube milling .029 Cyaniding sand and slime 1.837 General expense, mine .686 General expense, head office 1.141 Total working cost 13.956 Revenue per ton 27.964 Josts 13.956 Profit per ton 14.008 270 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD NEW RIETFONTEIN ESTATE GOLD MINES, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended, Dec. 31 1912 Gold, ouDces 57,156 Value product 243,032 Working cost 204,248 Working profit 38,784 Mine : Ore stoped, tons 219,863 Ore from development 15,879 Total sent to crusher 235,742 Per cent, sorted out 19.66, Mill : Tons crushed 189,287 Value per ton, dwt 6.655 Number stamps 120 Stamp duty, tons 4. 79 Ounces recovered 39,695 Yield per ton, dwt 4.194 Per cent, extraction 63 . 02 Cyanide : Sand treated, tons 127,270 Value, dwt 2.698 Extraction, dwt 2.077 Yield, ounces 13,222 Yield per ton milled, dwt 1.397 Slimes treated, tons 61,556 Value, dwt . 1.617 Extraction 1.38 Yield, ounces > 4,238 Yield per ton milled, dwt ' 0.448 Shillings Cost per ton: Mining. 9.797 Development 1.902 Hoisting 1.961 Pumping .622 Transportation of ore ., .493 Crushing and sorting , .460 Milling ' 1.831 Cyaniding 1.914 General expense, mine .962 General expense, head office 1.639 Total working cost 21.581 . Recovery per ton 6.039 dwt. =25. 679s. Cost 21.581 Profit. . . 4.098s. TRANSVAAL 271 NEW UNIFIED MAIN REEF GOLD MINING CO., LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 Ounces gold produced Revenue from gold Working costs Working profit Total profit Mine: Tons mined Waste sorted, per cent Ore sent to mill, tons Ore crushed, tons Mill: Stamps running Stamp duty Gold recovered, ounces Yield per ton, dwt Value of ore milled, dwt Cyanide : Sands treated. Yield, ounces Yield per ton, dwt Assay of charge, dwt Slime treated, tons Yield, ounces Recovery per ton, dwt Assay value charge, dwt .... Cost per ton (milled) : Mining Development Hoisting Pumping Transportation of ore Crushing and sorting Milling Tube milling Cyaniding sand and slime. . . General expense, mine ' General expense, head office. Total working cost Revenue from gold Working cost Working profit Yield per ton milled, dwt Width stoped, inches 46,439 197,215 140,725 56,490 60,634 161,735 18.32 132,100 132,325 60 6.297 32,299 4,882 7.316 78,856 2.523 3.002 52,538 4,193 1.596 1.927 Shillings 9.658 2.324 .968 .780 .124 .717 1.753 .515 1.679 1.068 1.683 21.269 29.807 21.269 8.538 7.019 56.07 272 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD NOURSE MINES LIMITED TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended July 31 1912 1911 Production ounces, gold 221,369 223 571 Total revenue 928,921 936 597 Total working costs 684,278 695 573 Working profit. . . 244 643 241 024 Total working profit . . . 253 233 252 159 Mills : Tons mined 718 621 732 117 Tons crushed 609 250 643 675 Value of ore before crushing Yield fine ounces . . . 31s. lOd. 165 814 7.3dwt. 163 527 Yield per ton 30s 6d 5 OSdwt Assay value pulp 9s Od 2 22dwt Actual extraction, per cent .... 71 8 69 6 Cyanide : Tons treated 610 196 645 440 Assay value 9s Od 2 24dwt Total yield, ounces .... 55 555 60 044 Yield per ton 7s 8d 1 86dwt Assay value residue Is 4d 375dwt Actual extraction, per cent . . . 95 8 83 2 Total extraction, per cent 95 1 Costs per ton (milled) : Mining 14s 6d 13s 5d Development and redemption 023 02 2 Reduction expenses, milling and cyanide General expense 040 019 045 017 Total working cost 126 117 Profit from accumulations 8,590 11 134 14s. 2d Net results per ton : Total revenue 1 10 10 191 Total working cost 1 2 6 117 No. of stamps operating 084 260 076 260 No. of tube mills operating running time Duty per stamp (tons) 24 hours 7 7 6 6.3 7 6 Per cent, waste sorted in mining 15 1 12 8 Development work, feet 26,368 28 549 Grade of ore reserves 6.6 dwt. 6. 6 dwt. See also Appendix, page 382 TRANSVAAL 273 QUEST GOLD MINING & DEVELOPMENT CO., LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Oct. 31 1912 Production: Ounces, gold Income Working cost Working profit Profit after miscellaneous Mine: Tons received from mine Mill: Ore crushed, tons Number stamps running Stamp duty Yield, ounces Yield per ton, dwt Assay value ore milled, dwt Cyanide : Sands treated, tons Yield, ounces Yield per ton, dwt Assay value of charge, dwt Slimes treated, tons Yield, ounces Yield per ton, dwt Assay value charge, dwt Total extraction per ton milled, dwt Cost per ton (milled) : Mining Development Hoisting Pumping Transportation of ore Crushing Milling Cyaniding sand Cyaniding slime General expense, mine General expense, head office Total working cost Revenue per ton Cost per ton Profit per ton Total depth mine, feet Reef average width, in Reef average value, dwt.. . 7,184 30,445 26,943 3,502 4,117 30,304 30,595 30 3.85 3,408 2.228 5.508 24,893 3,022 2.43 3.26 5,702 733 2.64 2.99 4.696 Shillings 5.066 .024 .790 1.403 .491 .528 3.122 2.700 .489 1.645 1.355 17.613 19.902 17.613 2.289 574 48 6.2 18 274 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD PREMIER (TRANSVAAL) DIAMOND MINING CO., LTD. See Appendix, page 396 RANDFONTEIN CENTRAL GOLD MINING CO., LTD. TRANSVAAL, S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 Production and profit 1912 1911 Production gold, ounces 733 780 632 621 Value of production. . . . 2 647 048 12s Total revenue 3,085,711 2 661 280 18 Total expenses 2,199 312 1,807 039 2 Profit 886 399 854 241 15s Mine and mill : Ore mined, tons. 2 823 916 2 287 393 Waste sorted out, per cent 8 85 5 61 Ore milled, tons 2 573 908 2 159 033 OTR eyRT>iflfif', tons , 2 638 112 Revenue per ton milled 23s 11 74d 24s 7 83d Expenditure. , 17s. 1 09d 16s 8 87d Profit per ton 6s. 10 65d. 7s. 10 96d Costs per ton (milled) : Development Is 1 45d Is 2 05d Mining 9 10 05 9 64 Hauling and pumping 1 9.62 1 8.18 Sorting, crushing, transportation 7.76 9.59 Milling 1 7 06 1 8 86 Cyaniding 1 6 13 1 8 88 General mining expense 4 62 4 87 General office expense.. 1.38 1 80 Total Accumulated slimes 17 .07 1.02 16 8.87 .00 Grand total 17s i Q9d 16s 8 87d Development 88,445 ft 87,541 ft Yield per ton milled ... 5 702 dwt. 5 860 dwt. No. stamps operating 752 745 Extraction, amalgamation, per cent Per cent, total gold recovered by cyanide Grade ore reserves 51.32 48.68 6.2 dwt. 51.8 48.2 6.633 See also Appendix, page 383 TRANSVAAL RANDFONTEIN SOUTH GOLD MINING CO., LTD. RANDFONTEIN, TRANSVAAL, S. A. Year Ended Dec. 31 Company taken over in 1910, no later data available. 275 1910 Revenue : Milling 840 741 2s 6d Cy aniding 759 672 9 11 Sundry revenue 1 864 12 6 Total revenue 1 602 278 4 11 Expenditures .... 1,063 694 6 Working profit 538 584 4 5 Mine and mill : Tons mined 1 265 470 Per cent, discarded as waste 7 65 Tons crushed 1 168 641 Gold recovered from batteries, ounces 200 841 Gold recovered from cyanide 181 511 Total gold recovered 382 352 Cost per ton (milled) : Development Is 8 17d Mining 9 8 99 Hauling and pumping 1 11 73 Sorting 1 96 Crushing 2 40 Transportation 2 13 Milling 1 11 44 Water service 65 Cyaniding 1 7 41 General mine 5 02 General head office , 2 54 Total cost 18s 2 44d Total revenue per ton 27 5 05 Working profit per ton 9s 2 61d Miscellaneous data : Development 40 219 ft Grade ore reserves 7 8 dwt No. stamps operating 400 No. tube mills 10 Per cent, gold won in milling 52 53 Per cent, total gold won in cy aniding Stamp duty 47.47 8 671 Amt. of water pumped, gallons. 507 806 776 Depth of main shaft 2,272 ft. See also Appendix' page 383 276 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD ROBINSON DEEP GOLD MINING CO., LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended March 31 j 1912 \ 1911 Yield gold, ounces 226,183 200,178 Value 948,778 839,609 Working costs 523,380 505,229 Working profit Sundry revenue 425,397 6,686 334,379 7,437 Total profit 432,084 341,816 Tons mined 698,521 629,792 14 85 15.23 594,800 533,850 Tons sands treated 342,260 333,490 Tons slimes treated Val. rec. in battery Val. rec. in tubes Val. rec. in sands Val. rec. in slimes 252,540 15s. 0.186d. 7 5.480 6 8.526 2 8.283 354 200,360 16s. 3.304d. 5 8.728 7 2.208 2 2.751 vai. rec. in reoate Total 31 10.829 31 4.991 Working profit per ton Ave. No. stamps dropping Running time, days Stamp duty, tons 14 3.647 210 342 8.26 12 6.325 218 326 7.50 Tubes running 5 5 342 294 Development feet 15,555 22,018 Ave grade ore reserves 7.0 dwt. 7.2 dwt. Costs per ton (milled) : Mining .... . . s. d. 10 0.537 s. d. 10 4.026 Development Ore sorting and crushing Transport, of ore 1 10.263 3.479 1 . 574 2 6.587 3.960 2.124 1 4 . 840 1 7.746 Tube milling 7.280 7.017 Cyaniding sands 1 0.028 1 0.694 Cyaniding slimes Gen charges 6.491 1 3 . 394 6.188 1 4.451 17 1.886 5.296 18 6.793 .. 4.340 Total ..17 7.182 18 11.133 See also Appendix, page 383 TRANSVAAL 277 ROBINSON GOLD MINING COMPANY, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Production oz , gold 300,365 320 591 Total revenue 1,260,529 1 344 819 Total working costs . . 451,769 433 511 Total working profit 808,760 911,308 Mills : Tons mined . . 673,058 710 000 Tons crushed 577,300 592 700 Value of ore before crushing Yield, fine ounces 44s. lid. 216,064 11.19 dwt. 226 736 Yield per ton 31s 5d 7 65 dwt 13s 6d 3 54 dwt Theoretical extraction, per cent 69 9 68 4 Actual extraction, per cent 69 9 68 4 Cyanide : Tons treated 578,485 590 110 Assay value 13s. 8d. 3 53 dwt Total yield, ounces 84 301 93 856 Yield per ton 12s 3d 3 18 dwt Theoretical extraction, per cent. 96 8 84 9 Actual extraction, per cent Costs per ton, milled : Mining 97.2 9s 5d 90.2 8s 3d Development 006 00 8 Reduction expenses, milling and cyanide 042 04 4 General expenses 017 015 Total working cost . ... 15 8 14 8 Net results per ton: Total revenue 2 3s 8d 2 5s 5d Total working cost 15 8 14 Working profit 1 8s Od l 10s 9d No. of stamps operating . . 250 250 No. of tube mills operating (running time) Duty per stamp (tons) 6 7.1 6.1 7 5 Per cent., waste sorted in mining 13.8 16 6 Development work, feet 5,823 9 770 Grade of ore reserves 11 dwt. 11.4 dwt. See also Appendix, page 383 278 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD ROSE DEEP, LIMITED TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Production, oz gold 268 610 231 839 Total revenue . . . 1 128 127 972 440 Total working costs 681 304 623 410 Working profit 446 823 349 030 Net profit 443 135 342 832 Tons mined 922 844 821 555 Tons crushed , 782,200 695,100 Value ore before crushing 29s. 9d. 6 95 dwt. Yield fine ounces 178 509 154 433 Yield per ton 19s 2d 4 44 dwt Assay value pulp 10s 7d 2 51 dwt Actual extraction, per cent . 64 4 63 9 Cyanide : Tons treated 781,735 693,869 Assay value 10s. 7d 2 50 dwt. Total yield ounces. 90 101 77 407 Yield per ton 9s. 8d. 2 . 23 dwt. Actual extraction, per cent 91.2 89.2 Costs per ton (milled) : Mining 10s. 8d 10s. lOd. Development 01 0011 Reduction expenses, milling and cyanide General expenses 04 3 01 6 047 017 Total working cost 17 5 17 11 Net results per ton: Total revenue ... 1 8 lOd 1 7s. lid. Total working cost. . . 17 5 17 11 11 5 10 No. of stamps operating 300 300 No. of tube mills operating (running time) Duty per stamp (tons) 7 7.6 6.8 7.3 Per cent, waste sorted in mining 15.1 15.6 Development work 14,499 14,324 ft. 6 dwt Total recovery, theoretical per cent 94 93.9 Total recovery, actual, per cent 96.9 95.9 See also Appendix, page 384 TRANSVAAL 279 SIMMER DEEP, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 Gold production ounces 124,289 121,117 109 671 Value 521,957 507,654 460 057 Working costs 486,411 450,870 399 344 Working profit 35,546 56,784 60 713 Sundry revenue 16,548 12,701 15,743 Total profit 52,094 69,485 76,456 Tons mined 625 033 585 503 530 325 Waste sorted out, per cent 4.7 7.77 9.178 Tons milled 594,650 541 700 480 803 Tons sands treated . . . 271,609 253 790 261 673 Tons slimes treated 323,041 287,910 219 130 Val. recovered in battery Val. rec. in sands s. d. 10 9.618 4 . 048 8. d. 11 2.978 4 8 444 s. d. 11 8.710 5 1 684 Val rec in slimes 2 8 801 2 9 212 2 2 962 Val in frt rebate 194 282 289 Total value per ton 17 6 661 18 8 916 19 1 645 Working pro. per ton Costs per ton (milled) : Mining 1 2.346 s. d. 9 11 071 2 1.159 s. d. 9 6 769 2 6.306 s. d. 8 1 733 2 242 2 128 2 306 Sorting, crushing and trans- portation 4 272 3 804 5 184 Milling . . . Q 909 11 549 1 5 653 Tube mill 1 206 11 335 9 876 Cyaniding sands. . . . 8 503 10 949 1 1 152 Cyaniding slimes 6 637 5 742 6 802 General charges Development 1 1.481 1 7 138 1 2.200 2 1 104 1 4.633 2 6 . 000 Renewals on plant 856 177 Total 16 4 315 16 7 757 16 7 339 Ave. No. stamps dropping 126 125 5 165 Days running 344 1 342 8 320.6 Tons per stamp 13 725 12 587 9 088 Tube mills ran, days Development, feet 328.5 13 994 336.7 16 219 328.0 22 078 Gals, water hoisted. . . . 49 775 400 42 285 000 46,930,332 No. tube mills running. . . 8 3 7 7 Ave. grade of reserves 4.2dwt. 4.9 dwt. 5.0 dwt. 280 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Remarks. The property is a consolidation of the South Geldenhuis Deep, South Rose Deep, Rand Victoria and Rand Victoria East. The reefs are worked through three shafts which encountered the reef at vertical depths of 2150 ft. and 3036 ft. The mill has 300 1750-lb. stamps and tube mills. The plant is used jointly with the Jupiter, f Jupiter and f Simmer Deep. SIMMER AND JACK PROPRIETARY MINES, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended June 30 1912 1911 Yield gold oz 246 771 249 239 7 Total gold revenue 1 041 465 1 051 601 Working expense 511,521 501 414 Working profit 529,944 550,187 Sundry revenue . 33,247 31, 600 Less tax and amts. written off 563,191 51,836 581,787 54,921 Profits 511 355 526 866 Tons mined 922 624 890 200 Waste sorted 7 15% 9 32% Tons crushed and treated 863 500 803 400 Tons battery 863 500 803 400 Tube mills 863 500 529 937 Sands 474,613 484,403 Slimes 388,887 318,997 Val rec. battery 3s. 11.240 Val. rec. tube mills 12s. 2.626d. 11 0.766 Val. rec. sands 7 9.646 7 10.972 Val. rec. slimes 3 11.835 3 1 . 565 Accumulated slimes 1 4 0.107 817 1 6 0.543 1 195 Rebate of frt on gold 540 407 Ave. No. stamps 1 4 1.464 320 1 6 2.145 f 300 Running time days 356 1 320 f 200 Duty per stamp, tons 7 45 \ 145 7 53 Tube mills 7 6 Running time, days 350 349 TRANSVAAL 281 COSTS PER TON 19 12 19 11 8. d. s. d. Mining. g 7 794 6 9 631 Pumping .... 2.135 Transport, crushing and sorting Milling 4.852 11 414 1 5.320 645 Tube milling 7.442 7.223 Cyaniding sands 11 712 o 1 859 Cyaniding slimes 5 796 o 4 709 General charges 1 156 1 1 565 Development 3.428 o 7.424 Renewals 11 9.596 576 12 o 2.511 3 277 Total. 11s 10 I72d 12 5 788 A ve. profit per ton 12 3 292 13 8.357 Development 4566' 8417' Ave. grade of reserves 6.2dwt. 6.4dwt. Notes. The thicknesses of the reefs vary greatly in this mine. They are given as 24, 36, 57, 84 and 121 in. The mill has 320 stamps and six tubes. 282 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD SUB NIGEL, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended June 30 1912 1911 22,638 963 18,466.22 94,790 77,297 90,961 76,200 3,828 1,096 80,671 75,847 30 35 18.31 52,328 49,710 33,418 30.693 Slimes treated . . . 18,910 19,017 Value recovered in battery 15s. 9.669d. 13s. 2.734d. Value recovered in tubes . 4 6.460 3 9.934 Value recovered in sands . 12 1.776 10 11.378 Value recovered in slimes 3 8.596 3 0.713 Rebate freight . 36s. 2.501d. .250 31s. 0.759d. .431 Total . . 36s 2.751d. 31s. 1.190d. Is 5.560d. Os. 5.294d. Costs per ton : 15s. 11.458d. 12s. 8.829d. Ore sorting, crushing and transportation .... Stamp milling 8.512 2 9.953 10.298 3 0.141 Tube milling 5 350 4 900 1 11 085 2 538 10 998 10.428 6 4 867 6 8.621 5 5.036 3 0.753 1.932 5.853 4.814 0.721 Total 1 14s. 9.191 1 10s. 7.896d. For the quarter ending Sept. 30, 1913, the following figures show a material decrease in operating expenses. Tons milled Revenue per ton Expenses per ton Profit per ton 14,036 37 29 7 7 5 See also Appendix, page 385 TRANSVAAL 283 TRANSVAAL GOLD MIN. EST. LTD. VAALHOEK MINE, LYDENBURG, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended March 31 Production 1912 Fine gold recovered milling, ounces 2,453.7 2,889 6 5,347.1 Total revenue 22,400 19s. Id. Expenditures . ... 17,052 4 Profit 5,348 18s. 9d. Tons mined 15,016 Mill: Tons crushed . 15,093 Yield per ton, dwt 3.251 Value per ton Per cent, total recovery Cyanide : Tons treated 13s. 7.06d. 45.9 14,996 Yield per ton, dwt. . . . . 3 854 Value per ton milled 16s. 1.06d. Per cent, of total recovery 54.1 Costs per ton (milled) : Mining 8s 4 27d Developing 1 9 62 Transportation 4 47 Milling Cy aniding 2 6.91 8 4.99 1 General expenses 1 0.89 Total 22s 7 15d Profit per ton 7s. 1 05d. Number of stamps 10 Duty per stamp per day, tons 4.65 Grade ore reserves, dwt 10 07 Development, ft . 1,818 1 Report states high cost due to refractory nature ore and large cyanide consumption, it being 5.78 Ib. at cost of 5s. 0.69 Id. 284 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD VAN RYN GOLD MINES ESTATE, LTD. TRANSVAAL Year Ended June 30 1912 1911 1910 Gross revenue 639 396 566 766 f^fiO 779 Expenses 363 161 304 425 000 OOQ Profit 276 235 262 341 271 Q4^ Tons ore milled 460 740 396 440 392 911 Average value recovered per ton . . 27s 9d 25s 7d 28s 6d Average profit per ton 12s Od 12s 3d 13s lOd Waste sorted out, per cent 7 5 12 10 2 Costs per ton 15s. 9d 15s 4d 14s 8d Average No. stamps operating 128 128 145 Remarks. The mine operates on the Main Reef and several small lead- ers, stoping all together to a width of 8 to 10 ft. There are 160 stamps equally divided in two mills. There are six tube mills and cyanide plant. WEST RAND CONSOLIDATED, LTD. TRANSVAAL, So. AFRICA Quarter Ended Sept. 30 1912 1911 Revenue 117 287 366 401 18s 5d Expenses 94,187 317,496 19 Profit 23 100 48 904 19 5 Tons ore milled 80,250 319 640 Average value per ton recovered 29s 2 768d 22s 11 lid Average expenses per ton 23 5 683 19 10 4 Profit per ton 5 9 085 3 71 Stamp duty tons per 24 hours 11.201 10.584 The mill operated 302 days with stamp duty of 10.584 tons per 24 hours. The mill has 100 stamps and four tubes. The company operates through a number of outcrop and deep shafts, the greatest depth being 1850 ft. The stoping width is 49 in., average grade 5.25 dwt. In all probability the crushing capacity will be greatly increased before long. TRANSVAAL 285 VILLAGE DEEP, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 Production, gold, oz Value of yield Working costs 212,109 889,246 594,436 180,284 755,785 530,005 148,060 620,547 466,480 Working profit 294 810 225 780 154 067 Mine: Tons mined. . . . 698,124 670 521 595,942 Tons sorted out. . . 103,625 101,721 88,575 Per cent, sorted out 14 8 15 2 14.8 Mill: Tons milled Value of ore Yield ounces 596,900 30s. 8d. 149 336 569,500 6.61 dwt. 119 817 507,800 6.17 dwt. 99 461 Yield per ton Value of pulp 21s. Od. 9s 8d 4.21 dwt. 2 40 dwt 3.92 dwt. 2 25 dwt No. stamps operating 180 180 180 Tube mills 6 5 9 5 7 Stamp duty per 24 hours 9.5 9.3 8.7 Cyanide : Tons treated 596,860 567,300 507,083 Assay value 9s. 8d. 2 39 dwt. 2 25 dwt. Yield, ounces 62,773 60,467 48,599 Yield per ton Assay value residues 8s. lOd. Is. 2d. 2.13 dwt. 309 dwt. 1.92 dwt. 345 dwt. Actual extraction, per cent Total extraction, per cent 91.3 97.3 87.1 95.9 85 94.5 Cost per ton (milled) : Alining s. d. 11 6 s. d. 11 1 s. d. 10 10 Development 033 026 026 Reduction expenses . . 038 037 038 General expenses 016 015 014 Revenue and costs per ton: Total revenue 19 11 1 9 10 18 7 167 18 4 145 Total costs 19 11 18 7 18 4 Working profit Development Grade ore reserves, 'dwt Value ore reserves, dwt 9 11 18,693 6.9 29s. Od. 080 29,132 6.1 25s. ' 7d. 6 1 23,968 6.1 25s. 7d. See also Appendix, page 385 286 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD VILLAGE MAIN REEF GOLD MINING CO., LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 Gold, ounces 221,785 211,962 205 093 Gross revenue 929,727 889,043 860 840 Expenses 437,512 429,586 410 433 Working profit 492,215 459,457 450,406 Total profit. . 501 126 404 196 374 014 Ore received from mine Per cent, waste sorted out . 563,511 16 42 468,238 16 56 588,552 16 3 Mill: Tons crushed . .. 470,056 476,250 493 300 Stamp duty, tons, 24 hr 7.189 6 954 6 896 No. stamps operating... 220 220 220 No. tube mills operating Value ore treated 6 40s. lOd. 5 9 276 dwt. 5 8 84 dwt Yield, ounces Yield per ton 149,762 26s 9d 143,250 6 016 133,846 5 427 Value pulp . . 14s Id 3 260 3 413 Extraction, per cent 65.487 64 . 858 61 388 Cyanide : Tons treated Assay value 470,535 14s Id 476,462 3 261 dwt 491,937 3 409 dwt Yield, ounces 72,023 68,712 71,247 Yield per ton 12s. lOd. 2.884 dwt. 2 897 Actual extraction, per cent Value residues .... 91.377 2s Od 88.456 489 dwt 84.957 518 Total extraction, per cent Cost per ton (milled) : Mining. . . . Development. 99.98 12s. 2.470d. 2 539 95.968 11s- 2.158d. 5 491 94.065 10s. .042d. 7 112 Sorting and crushing 6.397 6.485 6 . 579 Transportation to mill Amalgamation 2.268 3 623 2.956 2.111 Stamp milling. ... 1 3 128 1 5 991 1 5 807 Tube milling Cyaniding General expense 7.167 1 9 . 930 1 5.862 8.061 1 11.280 1 6 062 8.773 1 10.136 1 3 123 Total 18 7 384 18 484 16 7 683 Revenue per ton Cost per ton 1 19s. 6.698d 18 7 384 1 17s. 4.022d- 18 484 1 14s. i0.815d 16 7 683 Profit per ton 1 Os 11 314d 19s 3 538d 18s 3 132d Development, feet 1934 5233 7735 Grade ore reserves 33s. 7d. = 8dwt. 37s. 2d. = 885dwt. 38s. 8fl.=9.2dwt. See also Appendix, page 386 TRANSVAAL 287 WITWATERSRAND DEEP, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 150,606 175,259 Gross production . ... 631,231 732,843 707,492 Total expenses . 426,224 431,301 384,079 Working profit 205,007 498 021 301,542 564,188 323,413 Per cent sorted out 9 375 11 49 Mill: Tons milled 451,000 500,330 474,660 No. stamps 245 239 245 Stamp duty per 24 hours Value ore, dwt 5.846 6 94 6.359 5.92 Yield, ounces 112 014 124 446 Yield per ton, dwt 4 967 4 97 5 13 Extraction, per cent 71.61 Cyanide : Sands treated, tons 274,186 313,775 Slimes treated, tons 176,833 186,332 Yield, oz. by cyanide 38,591 50,813 Yield, dwt. per ton Per cent, of extraction 1.71 24.67 2.03 27.72 1.99 Extraction, per cent 86 85 86 43 Total extraction, per cent. . . . Cost per ton milled: Mining 96.28 s. d. 11 6 41 95.615 s. d. 11 39 95.56 s. d. 10 2 33 Development 2 1 29 1 4 26 11 82 Tramming, crushing and sorting Milling 6.73 2 4 55 6.98 2 44 7.01 2 1 53 Cvaniding sands 1 18 1 34 1 84 Cyaniding slimes 4 70 4 30 5 15 Gen. mine charges 4 48 4 31 3 26 Gen. charges 6 48 5 87 6 26 Total 18 10 82 17 2 89 16 2 20 Yield per ton 27 11 91 29 3 53 29 9 73 Costs 18 10 82 17 2 89 16 2 20 Working profit . . 9 1 09 12 64 13 7 53 Development, feet 12,052 7,245 Grade ore reserves 6. 83 dwt. 50.1 in. 6 . 79 dwt. 54 . 5 in. 7. 16 dwt. 48. 8 in. See also Appendix, page 386 288 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD WITWATERSRAND GOLD MINING CO., LTD TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 Production: Gold, ounces Total revenue Working expenses Working profit Total profit after sundry revenue Mine : Tons mined Per cent, waste sorted out Mill : Tons crushed No. stamps working Stamp duty Total ounces gold Yield per ton, dwt Cyanide : Tons sand treated Total yield gold, oz Yield per ton treated, dwt Yield per ton milled, dwt Value, dwt., before treatment Extraction, per cent Tons slime treated Total yield gold, oz Yield per ton treated, dwt Yield per ton milled, dwt Value before treatment Extraction, per cent Total extraction, sand and slime, per cent Cost per ton: Mining Development Hoisting Pumping Transport, of ore Ore sorting and crushing Milling Cyaniding sands and slimes General exp., mine General exp., head office Total cost. Summary of results per ton: Total recovery, dwt. Value recovery mill Value recovery cyanide sand Value recovery cyanide slime Total recovery Costs Working profit 128,555 564,826 336,076 210,750 231,394 566,827 20.55 457,850 220 6.11 80,322 3.509 319,570 40,885 2.559 1.786 3.254 78.64 138,040 7,347 1.065 .321 1.301 81.86 79.10 Shillings 7.102 1.203 1.113 .373 .156 .508 1.363 1.319 .591 .952 14.680 5.616 14.927s. 7.596 1.363 23.886 14 . 680 9.206 TRANSVAAL 289 THE WOLHUTER GOLD MINES, LTD. TRANSVAAL, SOUTH AFRICA Year Ended Oct. 31 1912 1911 1910 Gold, ounces 114,937 " 109,235 Gross production 480,993 456,966 388 085 Total expenses 301,503 284,802 265 530 Working profit Tons mined 179,490 396,895 172,164 436,049 122,554 Per cent, sorted out 12.496 21.09 Mill: Tons milled No stamps Stamp duty tons, 24 hours Value rock, dwt Yield, ounces 347,050 120 8.645 7.002 78,065 344,015 120 8.467 6.71 73,618 304,360 120 7.622 6.56 Yield per ton, dwt Extraction, per cent 4.499 64 . 253 4.28 63.757 3.905 Cyanides : Sands treated, tons Slimes treated, tons . . . 206,100 140,550 226,265 117,750 Yield, oz. by cyanide 36,871 35,617 Yield, dwt. per ton Total extraction, per cent Costs per ton (milled) : Mining 2.125 94.6 s. d. 8 6 684 2.071 94.607 s. d. 7 7 999 2.187 92.866 s. d. 8 1 581 Pumping and haul 1 .985 9 601 10 098 Tram. sort, and crush Milling Development Cyaniding sand , Cyaniding slimes 10.385 2 5.460 2 1.511 1 1.172 3 804 11.372 2 2 . 706 2 6.493 1 1.036 4 157 11.899 2 6.466 2 4.748 1 2.914 4 640 Mine charge . 3 620 4 505 3 815 Gen'l charges 6 . 882 6.821 7 220 Total 17 4 503 16 6 690 17 c qoi Yield per ton Costs 1 7 8.628 17 4 503 1 6 6.799d. 16 6 690 1 5s. 6.02d. 17 T 381 Working profit 10s. 4 125 10s . 109d 8s 639d Development, feet Grade ore reserves 10,539 6.48 dwt. 50. 7 in 12,888 6.45 dwt. 51.6 in See also Appendix, page 386 1!) ASIA, AUSTRALIA AND NEW ZEALAND 20 p30' 40 50 C 6UD Longitude EfO'-Eaet from F 80 Greenwich Q 1. Mysore District -2. (Kolar) 4. Spassky 5. Kosaka 140 150J 160 170 K 200 400 600 800 important towns are shown In heavy face type, ^ >ul District 3. Kyshtim 6. Ashio 7. Besshi ASIA INDIA CHAMPION REEF GOLD MINING CO. OF INDIA, LTD. MYSORE STATE, So. INDIA Year Ended Dec. 31 1911 1910i 121 112 5 113 540 6 Val. gold Tot. rev. less roy 468,290 16s. 448,416 10s. 441,255 Us. 423,884 10s. Total expense 280,236 8s. 293 844 4s. Total profit 168 180 130 040 6s. Tons ore mined Tons waste sorted Tons milled Yield per ton, milled Tons tails, cyanided 253,668 48,499 205,169 8 dwt. . 10 gr. 195,118 228,174 41,494 186,680 8 dwt. . 15 gr. 171,870 Yield per ton 1 dwt 18 gr 2 dwt gr Assay of tails dwt 22 gr dwt 21 gr Tons old tails cyanided 92 849 80 910 Yield per ton 1 dwt 13 gr 1 dwt 12 gr. Assay of tails 1 dwt 10 gr 1 dwt 18 gr. Total ext. tons milled Costs per ton milled: Mining 10 dwt. 19 gr. s. d. 18 3 72 11 dwt. 4 gr. s. d. 21 1 56 Milling 2 5 88 2 9 48 Cy aniding tailings 1 8 76 2 10 20 General mine expense 3 3 60 3 3 72 General expense. 9 00 10 20 Total 26 6 96 30 11 16 Development, feet 17986' 19265 Number stamps operating 142 154 1 All tonnages in 1910 based on long ton of 2240 Ib. Other year based on 2000-lb. ton The vein is irregular in width, varying from 1 ft. to 10 ft. The ore is gold-bearing quartz with comparatively high and regular value. The mine is operated by incline shafts to a depth of about 3765 ft. Dip of vein 70 deg. The milling plant contains 160 stamps. The ore is crushed to 40 mesh, amalgamated, sized and the sands and slimes cyanided. An old tailings dump is being worked in a separate cyanide plant. Electric power is used. Coolie labour predominates. A total of 6819 men were on the pay roll during Sept., 1911. See Appendix, page 395 293 294 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD MYSORE GOLD MINING CO., LTD. MARIKUPPAM, MYSORE STATE, INDIA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Gross production Total costs 852,802 347,033 896,651 13s. 355 341 5 Profits Tons ore milled 513,845 299,660 494,794 19 291,477 Assay value 15 dwt 8 gr 15 dwt 17 gr Mill recovery 12 10 12 19 Tons tails cyanided 247 340 233 214 Cyanide recovery 2 dwt 1 gr 2 dwt 3 gr Total recovery 14 4 14 22 Contents of tails from cyanide 21 19 Costs per ton milled : Mining Milling 15s. 9.57d. 2 2.76 16s. 8.16d. 2 3.24 Cyaniding 1 2 16 1 372 General mine expenses 3 4.80 3 516 General expenses 6 48 1140 22s. 5.77d. 24s. 7.68d. See also Appendix, pages 387 and 395 OOREGUM GOLD MINING CO. OF INDIA, LTD. PROVINCE OF MYSORE, INDIA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Gross production 327,702 19s. 341,683 7s. Total expenses 177,963 16 187,281 5 Profits 154,534 18 154,402 2 Tons ore milled . . . 145,558 152,545 Mill recovery 9 dwt. 12 gr. 9 dwt. 9 57 gr. Tons tails cyanided Cyanide recovery Total recovery 139,476 2 dwt. 1 gr. 138,998 1 dwt. 20.33 gr. 11 dwt. 5.9 gr. Costs per ton milled: Mining . s. d. 16 6 12 s. d. 16 6 48 Milling. . 2 1 80 2 1 56 Cyaniding 1 9.24 1 6.00 Gen. mine expense Mine administration Gen. expense 2 2.16 1 1.23 8.64 1 7.32 1 0.60 8.64 1 3 5.19 1 4 6.60 See also Appendix, pages 387 and 395 INDIA 295 NUNDYDROOG COMPANY, LTD. OORGAUM, SOUTH INDIA Year ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 1910 Production : Gold, ounces Value realised Value realised, after allow | ing for royalties, rents, int. and disc. Expenditures Profit Mill: Ore reed, from mine, tons Waste sorted, tons Tons ore milled Fine gold obtained Fine silver obtained Fine gold yield per x ton . . Assay trailing Extraction, per cent Cyanide works: Sand slimes and residue treat., tons. Average charge assay. . . . Extraction Extraction, per cent .... Recovery fine gold, oz . . . Recovery fine silver, oz.. Cyanide consumption, Ib. Total extraction gold. Total extraction gold ore milled. Total production gold, oz. Cost per ton (milled) Mining (approx.) . . Milling (approx.) . . Cyanide (approx.) . bar fine bar Total min.,mill. and general costs. No. stamps operating Duty of stamps (short . . tons). Development, feet Water pumped, gallons. . . . 85,096 330,937 14s. 7d. 313,128 17 1 87,260 339,243 4s. 8d. 320,788 12 2 86,110 334,748 11s. 3d. 319,410 1 140,159 18 4 140,002 15 10 153,813 17 5 172,968 18s. 9d. 108 656 180,785 16s. 4d. 115 962 165,596 3s. 7d. 8,104 100 552 13,090 102 872 101,920 71,653 7,964 14 dwt. 6 gr. 2 dwt. 20 gr. 83 72,856 8,299 14 dwt. 4 gr. 2 dwt. 23 gr. 83 72,755 14 dwt. 6 gr. 2 dwt. 20 gr. 95,662 101,936 87,805 2 dwt. 14 gr. 1 dwt. 9 gr. 50.32 6,443 929.87 .561 2 dwt. 16 gr. 1 dwt. 10 gr. 53.12 7,262.87 1,145.08 .561 2 dwt. 19 gr. 1 dwt. 10 gr. 50.7 6,322 801.98 .588 17 dwt. 13 gr. 17 dwt. 13 gr. 19 dwt. 15 gr. 15 dwt. 15 gr 15 dwt. 14 gr. 15 dwt. 16 gr. 87,719 90,174 88,729 19.2s. 1.87 1.30 18.5s. 2.06 1.35 21.05s. 2.30 1.65 1 6s. 9d. 1 5s. lOd. 1 9s. Od. 78.25 3.51 82 3.59 80 3.58 12,943 135,408,000 12,096 129,748,000 11,740 170,433,000 See also Appendix, pages 387 and 395 JAPAN THE FUJITA COMPANY OSAKA, JAPAN Operating: Kosaka Copper Mine, Zuiho Gold Mine, Omori Copper Mine. These mines produce the following percentages of Japan's total output : Silver 30.66 per cent., copper 18.91 and gold 12.70. Kosaka Copper Mine 1910 1909 1908 Gold, ounces 13,180 11,109 10,900 Silver, ounces 1,282,290 1,048,632 1,127,000 Copper, tons 6 797 6 851 7 572 Lead, tons 714 512 378 The ores occur in three classes with the following compositions: Complex sulphides Pyrite ore Silicious ore Gold 00013 00002 00001 Silver 0141 0041 0027 Copper 2.43 2.34 1.97 Lead 2 28 47 26 Iron. 15 64 26 83 19 44 Zinc .... 9 80 3 15 1 48 SiO 2 .... 8 11 13 72 41 47 A1 2 3 BaSO 4 S 6.96 30.35 22.71 7.58 12.13 31.93 6.80 5.37 21.81 This mine was worked originally as a silver mine, the oxidized surface ores being treated. The ore-deposit is composed of pyrite, zinc blende, chalcopyrite, galena and barite. The area of deposit opened to date is 2000 ft. long, 800 ft. wide by 500 ft. deep. The ores are mixed so as to be- come self -fluxing. Mining is now carried on by surface quarry system similar to that used at Mt. Lyell in Tasmania, and Rio Tinto, Spain. Ore is worked in terraces. Over-burden to be removed equals 4,000,000 cu. yd. The pit is 2200 ft. by' 1000 ft. The slopes of the sides average 45 deg. Ore is broken down by blasting and trammed by electricity to the smelter. The underground tunnels of the former method of working are used in transport- ing the ore. The average tonnage mined daily is 1000 tons, and from 1000 to 1800 cu. yd. of over-burden. The smelter consists of seven blast furnaces of 1000 tons each capacity. A self-fluxing charge is obtained by mixing the three ores. Not more than 3 per cent, (of the charge) fuel is used. The first matte of 30 per cent, is resmelted to a 50 per cent, matte, then it is converted by English rever- beratory furnaces into blister copper. A Bessemer plant is now being 296 JAPAN 297 erected. The copper is then refined at the property. Some lead is also obtained and treated by the Parks' process. Electricity is the sole motive power used. It is generated from four hydro-electric stations, 3800 h.p. being generated. OMORI MINE, PROVINCE OF IWAMI, JAPAN The Omori Mine is situated in a mountainous region in the province of Iwami in the northwest of Hondo, near the coast of the Japan Sea, and is said to have been discovered some 600 years ago. In 1884 the Fujita Co. came into control and the property was equipped with a modern installment. The district is composed of tuffs and sandstones interspersed with andesite containing ore. The ore-deposit consists of fissure veins running parallel to one another. Dip 70 deg. to 80 deg. Some of the veins are 2000 ft. in length. Five veins are worked. The ores are principally chalcopyrite, galena and zinc blende, containing gold and silver. An analysis of the ore is as follows: Gold 0014 per cent. Silver 056 per cent. Copper 7 .75 per cent. Lead 80 per cent. The method of mining is stoping, ore removed by adits and shafts and hoisting done by a skip driven by a water wheel. The water, which accumu- lates to the extent of 35 cu. ft. a minute, is drained off by electric pump from the depth of 500 ft. The ore after being cobbed and picked is mechanically dressed by breakers, rolls, trommels, giggers, etc. The ore with requisite amount limestone and coke is smelted in an ordinary jacketed circular furnace, and the matte formed from this partial pyritic smelting, after calcination in stalls, is once more smelted, forming blister copper containing gold, silver and lead. This last operation is carried out according to the Japanese Mabuki process. The company has made the following production for 1908, 1909 and 1910: 1910 i 1909 | 1908 Ore mined, tons 28,613 26,516 22,500 Production: Gold, ounces 2 251 2 155 1,694 Silver, ounces 98 684 82,857 96,764 Copper, tons 367 350 315 Lead, tons 2 3 4 The blister copper is shipped to the Kosaka where it is refined electrically. There are three different kinds of motive power, viz., Steam 823 h.p. Electricity. . .' . . .255 h.p. Water 188 h.p. Altogether 682 miners are employed, 291 working below and 391 above the surface. 298 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD ZUIHO GOLD MINE ISLAND OF FORMOSA, JAPAN The company has made the following production for the years given below. 1910 1909 1908 Ore mined, tons 23,541 23,143 28 411 Production : Gold, ounces 11 216 8 920 9 047 Silver, ounces 4,704 3,742 4,177 The Zuiho Gold Mine is situated at the northern end of the Island of For- mosa near the coast, about 8 miles east of Keelung, from which port pro- visions and other necessaries can be easily obtained. It is in the vicinity of the Kinkaseki and the Botanko mines. As soon as Formosa came into possession of Japan, the Fujita Co. opened up a gold mine in Zuiho in 1895, and by adopting the most improved foreign system of mining and metallurgy, proved that mining in the new territory was a lucrative business, and that the country was rich in untouched mineral wealth. The geological formation in the vicinity of the Zuiho Mine is of Tertiary formation, andesite alternating with a bed of sedimentary rocks. The gold veins occur on the contact between these rocks. Six workable veins have been discovered varying from 2 to 3 ft. thick, about 300 ft. in length. The ore is silicious, containing a small percentage of pyrite and sulphides. Some of the ore is clayey and difficult to classify. The analysis is as follows: Gold .0016 per cent., silver .001 per cent., SiO 2 66.59 per cent. The method of mining is over-hand stoping. Property is operated by shafts and winzes. Ore is transported to mill on aerial tramway. Ore is crushed, re-ground in Huntington Mill and amalgamated at the same time. Sand and slimes are separated by classifiers or tables. The sand is treated in leaching vats by Butters-and-Mein distributors and slimes are treated by decantation process, agitation being effected either by Stirrer or centrifugal pump. Cyanide solution is treated in zinc boxes with zinc shavings. The entire property is equipped with steam and water power and electricity for lighting purposes. 331 men are employed, 176 underground and 155 on the surface. MITSU BISHI CO. TOKYO, JAPAN This company is one of the largest in the empire. It carries on an ex- tensive banking, mining, ship-building, engineering and general business. Its mines are varied in character, including gold, silver, lead, copper and coal. The company's report gives only general information and no operat- ing costs. It is likely the following data on the several metal mines will be of interest. JAPAN 299 Osaruzawa Mine. This property, one of the principal copper mines of Japan, is located near Hanawa, Kazuno District, Akita Prefecture. The ores are chalcopyrite, chalcocite, bornite and native copper occurring in numerous fissure veins in a Tertiary formation consisting of shale and tuff intruded with quartz-trachyte and andesite. The veins vary from 1 ft. to 10 ft. in width and from 3 to 4 per cent, copper content. Over-hand stoping is carried on. The mine is opened by adit levels, there being about 110,000ft. of development. The mine produces about 8000 tons of ore per month, employing 1780 hands at the property. The mine has its "dressing plant" and smelter. All machinery is electrically driven. Following is annual producti6n for 3 years. Gold, ounces Silver, ounces Copper, tons 1908 1909 1910 541.3 308.6 417.9 19,505.0 31,298.9 38,345.9 1,284.269 1,574.645 2,295.607 Arakawa Mine. Located in Sempoku District, Akita Prefecture. The ores occur in lodes numbering 10 in all. The grade of ore seldom runs above 2 per cent, copper. The mine is operated through adit levels and shafts to a depth of 800 ft. to 1000 ft. The workable length of the lodes is from 1000 ft. to 4000 ft. The mine produces about 5500 tons of ore per month turning out 90 tons of copper slabs assaying 99 per cent. The mine and plants employ 1900 hands. ANNUAL OUTPUT (INCLUDING THE HISAICHI BRANCH MINE) Silver, ounces Copper, tons 1908 1909 1910 20,792.0 43,126.0 48,890.5 1,392.66 1,858.10 2,082.79 Hisaichi Mine. Located in Nakagawa Village about 5 miles southeast of Arakawa mine. The same geological and general conditions are found here as at the Arakawa mine. Seven cupriferous lodes exist of which the two largest are operated by shaft 500 ft. deep. The ore is argentiferous chalcopyrite, the copper content being about 3 per cent. Men employed, 680. The output of ore is 4500 tons per month. The smeltery treats 1200 tons from which 84 tons of copper slabs assaying 98 per cent, are won. Takara Mine.' Located in Minami Tsuru District, Yamanashi Prefecture. The formation is slate and quartzite intruded by diorite. The ore- deposit occurs in the former, taking a massive structure. The ore is pyrite carrying copper. The upper levels show 5 to 6 per cent, copper, but the ore becomes poor with depth. As a pyrite producer the mine has value. 300 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD The output is 12,000 tons per year which is marketed for sulphuric-acid manufacture. Sado Mine.' Located near the town of Aikawa on an island province in Japan Sea, some 32 miles off the coast of Echigo. There are three main parallel lodes. The principal one has a length of 8000 ft. and a width of 10 ft. to 120 ft.; the second, a length of 6300 ft. and width of 5 ft. to 50 ft.; the third, a length of 1900 ft. and width 5 ft. to 30 ft. The ores comprise native gold, argentite and chalcopyrite in company with galena and blende. An assay shows the average of the ores to be, gold .276 oz. and 5.29 oz. silver = $8.70 approximately. There are three shafts which develop the mine to a depth of 1000 ft., with a total of underground workings of about 100,000 ft. The milling plant consists of up-to-date devices including stamps, cyanide plant and electrical power equipment. The discovery of the mine dates back 350 years. It was known as the "Gold Mine of Sado" and was a household word. ANNUAL OUTPUT Gold, ounces Silver, ounces Copper, tons 1908 1909 1910 14,033.0 16,252.7 15,411.4 97,789.9 145,329.9 140,982.2 4.088 1.251 Omodani Mine. Located in Kami-Anama Village, Ono District, Fukui Prefecture. "The geological formation of the mine consists of sandstone and quartz- porphyry, the latter of which impregnates the ore-deposit, occurring in the structure of true veins. The deposit parted by the Omodani River running through the concession forms two main divisions, but one of them is considered unpromising; the operations are chiefly confined to the other." There are numberless ore stringers averaging 1 ft. in width; they are un- reliable in development so that great difficulty is experienced. Some of the veins are high-grade, while others are low-grade. Both types are being operated. The ores are argentiferous chalcopyrite, bornite, tetrahedrite and native copper. Assays go 10.6 per cent, copper and .045 per cent, silver on an average. A monthly average of 1154 tons of ore with 23 tons of 97.5 per cent, copper slabs are turned out. 400 men are employed. Annual production is as follows: Silver, ounces Copper, tons 1908 1909 1910 30,478.2 30,799.7 40,489.7 203.1 196.2 253.2 The irregularity of production is due to nature of veins. JAPAN 301 Ikuno Mine. Located close to the town of Ikuno, Hyogo Prefecture. The property has an enormous acreage made of eight lots of concessions. It is one of the ancient mines of Japan. The geological formation is andesite- propylite, tuff and quartz-trachyte. There are a number of rich gold and silver bearing lodes varying in length from 600 ft. to 4000 ft., and in width from a few inches to 40 ft. There is also a rich copper lode with a length of over 10,000 ft. and width from 8 to 10 ft. The veins of the several lots are worked independently. The mines are equipped with mills, smelter and hydro-electric power plant. Kanayama Mine. This mine is dependent upon Ikuno. It is located on the island of Shikoku across the Inland Sea in the Kita District. The ore-deposit is a bed of cupriferous pyrite in Archean chlorite schist. Workable length 3000 ft. with an erratic width of a few inches to 10 ft. A monthly output of 950 tons assaying 3.3 per cent, copper and 40 per cent, sulphur is maintained and sent to Ikuno for treatment. Yoshioka Mine. The mine is located around Fukiya-machi, Kawakami District, Okayama Prefecture. The formation is slate, sandstone and phyllite, with intrusions of por- phyrite and quartz-porphyry. The ore-deposit is divided into two 1 one oc- curring in the sedimentary strata, growing richer with depth, and the other impregnated in the metamorphic slate in the contact zone of the Palaeozoic rocks and porphyrite. The former takes the form of true fissure veins of varying strikes, dips and widths, the last being from a thin seam to 12 ft. The latter deposit is irregular and massive. The ore is chiefly chalcopyrite associated with galena and blende. Copper content, 3 to 8 per cent. There are eight levels and cross-cuts with a total of 135,000 ft. The main gallery is 39,193 ft. long. The monthly production of ore averages 7000 tons. The slabs from the re- finery assay 98.802 per cent. copper,. 0003 per cent, gold and. 266 per cent, silver. The annual production is as follows: | Gold, ounces Silver, ounces Copper, tons 1908 1909 1910 168.82 122.43 128.37 54,886.5 72,443.6 67,598.6 822.714 852.601 778.794 Makimine Mine. Located in Kitakata, Higash-Usuki District, Miyazak Prefecture. The formation consists of slate interstratified with sandstone and capped with lava. The veins, of which there are nine main ones, occur in the strata and are lenticular in form, attaining a width from 10 to 20 ft. and 30 ft. to 150 ft. in length. The ore is cupriferous pyrite averaging 4 per cent, copper. Adit levels aggregate 20,306 ft. and two stopes measure 1000 ft. and 310 ft. The mine and plants are supplied with electricity from a hydro-electric plant. 302 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD The monthly production is 2570 tons, which produce 44,600 kg. of slabs assaying 98.7 per cent, copper, .02. per cent, gold and .27 per cent, silver. 630 employees. ANNUAL PRODUCTION j Gold, kilograms Silver, kilograms Copper, tons 1908 1909 1910 10.4 10.47 9.11 138.86 158.23 113.04 545.59 516.50 486.01 Togi Mine. Located at Togi, Hakui District, Ishikawa Prefecture. The formation is andesite in which a group of veins occur. They are irreg- ular in dip and strike and vary in width from .5 ft. to 6 ft. The ore bears native gold and silver sulphide assaying .012 per cent, gold and\04 percent, silver. The property is new and under course of development. The past 6 months (1910), the output totalled 3000 tons from which were obtained 38.166 kg. gold and 78.782 kg. silver. Osaka Metallurgical Works.' The works are located at Shin, Kawasaki, Kita-kuosaka. This plant refines the slab copper from the company's numerous mines. The feature of the plant is its thoroughly modern electro- refinery. An assay of the ingots by the Bank of England is as follows: Lead 014 Arsenic 01 Oxygen 05 Copper 99.89 Loss 36 Sulphur Tr. Silver '. 1 oz. per ton of 2240 Ib . The plant is equipped with modern steam and electric- power appliances, has 15 furnaces of various descriptions, and is capable of turning out 1000 tons of electrolytic copper per month. ANNUAL OUTPUT 1908 825.9 17,105.6 4,905,136.4 976,291.5 1909 1944.9 18,955.8 6,467,307.6 980,880.0 1910 1692.9 20,377.9 7,264,029.1 97,438.7 1,289,392.5 SUMITOMO BESSHI COPPER MINE BESSHI, IYO, JAPAN Year Ended Dec. 31 1911 1910 $1 938 154 78 $1 857 324 00 Pounds copper proceeds 15 925 080 14,725 568 Tons ore treated 208,508 203,145 Average copper content 4 per cent. 4 per cent. Average recovery 80 per cent. 85 per cent. Cost per ton estimated $7 to $8. KOREA KAPSAN MINING CONCESSIONS SEOUL, KOREA Report of Sept. 24, 1912 The mine has developed 140,000 tons of ore, averaging 10 . 5 per cent, cop- per. The company contemplated building a smelter of 100 tons' daily capacity. The following figures of costs and profits are based upon this tonnage. Annual production -. 3780 tons cu. Value at present quotation 263,250 Working cost . 99,000 Net value 164,250 Less 10 per cent, smelting loss 137,925 When copper is 69 12s. lOd. per ton. Ore value per ton 7 6s. 3d. Estimated costs 2 15s. Od. Net value 4 11s. 3d. SUMMARY OF TOTAL Probable ore reserve, tons 140,000 Average grade, copper 10.5 per cent. Gross value 1,023,752 Net value '. . . 536,377 Estimated cost of smelter 60,000 The deposit is a replacement of lime with a varied width averaging be- tween 25 ft. and 30 ft. The dip of the body is 30 deg. The ore is a massive pyrrhotite containing chalcopyrite and arsenical pyrites. Following is a typical analysis of the ore. Per cent. Moisture 30 Silica 60 Sulphur 41.78 Iron 39. 10 Copper 11.80 Aluminum oxide 1 . 80 Arsenic '. 2.75 Lime 50 Magnesia .37 Undetermined ... 1 . 00 100.00 See also Appendix, page 387 303 304 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD ORIENTAL CONSOLIDATED MIN. CO. UNSAU DISTRICT, KOREA, ASIA Year Ended June 30 Values in U. S. Currency 1912 1911 1910 Total receipts $1 562 109 77 1 541 346 $1 434 494 Total operating costs 864 490 98 839 858 780 258 Total operating and profit Construction and development $697,618.79 45,092 00 701,488 28 768 654,236 30 559 Net receipts Total value ore Tonnage mined Value per ton Bullion secured $652,526.79 $1,898,518.62 323,703 $5.86 $939 389 96 672,720 1,787,628 344,097 $5.19 921 731 623,677 1,749,468 320,707 $5.45 885 675 Bullion secured, per ton $2.90 $2.68 $2 76 Gross value concentrates $767 020 52 695 880 646 742 Net value concentrates $600 817 18 581 997 526 957 Yield concentrates per ton $1 86 $1 69 $1 64 Total yield, ton $4 76 4 37 4 40 Per cent, free-milling Per cent, gross saving Per cent, net saving Value mill tails Cost per ton : Mining Milling 49.5 89.9 81.1 $.59 $1.62 .50 51.6 90.5 84.1 .49 1.41 .56 50.6 87.6 80.7 .68 1.415 54 Concentrate expenses .20 .15 .13 Transportation General expenses .01 .36 .01 .32 .015 .335 Total operating and general $2 69 2 45 2 435 Development outside mines Construction expense .05 09 .02 06 .055 04 Total expense Profit per ton $2.83 $2.03 2.53 $1.96 2.53 $1 95 Receipts per ton : Bullion from mills Concentrates $2.91 1 86 2.67 1 69 2.75 1 635 Store profit 06 07 07 Interest and other receipts 02 05 015 Profit on tribute 01 Ore 01 01 Total $4 86 4 49 4 48 Number of stamps 5 mills 240 240 240 Duty per stamp 24 hours 4.5 4.2 4.3 KOREA 305 SEOUL MINING COMPANY HWANG HAI PROVINCE, KOREA Year Ended Dec. 31 U. S. Currency 1911 1910 Gross production $550,272 Total expense 211,268 Total profit 339,004 Mine and mill: Tons ore milled 70,229 Average value recovered $7 . 83 Average profit per ton $4 . 82 First class ore shipped, tons Average value per ton Total costs per ton Profit per ton Mill extraction, gold, per cent 79. 1 Mill extraction, copper, per cent 18.4 Costs per ton ore milled : Mining $1.25 Milling .62 Transportation to mill .05 Concentrate expense .24 General expense .85 Total... $3.01 $369,404 153,253 215,151 32,793 $9 . 865 $5.515 707 $63.48 14.91 48.57 78.03 18.32 $1.76 1.035 .05 .20 1.305 $4.350 See also Appendix page 387 SIBERIA THE SPASSKY COPPER MINE, LTD. SPASSKY ZAVOD, SIBERIA, RUSSIA Year Ended Sept. 30 1911 Gross production Siberian expenses Siberian profit Tons copper produced Tons ore smelted Tons ore mined Average value ore smelted Mining costs per long ton. Total costs per long ton. . . 219,787 2s. 120,785 5 99,001 16 Id. 4 1 2,858 20,258 31,302 14 . 7 per cent. 12s. 9 2.4 See also Appendix, pages 388 and 395 AUSTRALIA NEW SOUTH WALES BRITISH BROKEN HILL PROPRIETARY CO., LTD. NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA Half Year Ended | Dec. 31, 1912 | June 30, 1911 | Dec. 31, 1911 Total production Total expenses Gross profit 190,561 12s. 130,864 8 98,065 12s. lid. 74,591 18 8 23,473 14 3 170,087 97,739 72,348 9s. 5d. 4 10 4 7 Net profit 59 697 4 15 142 5 8 61,910 2 1 Lead concentration plant: Tons ore milled 103,680 63,370 81,001 Ave. assay val. Ag oz 7 3 7.6 7.8 Ave. assay val. Pb per cent.. Recovery Ag. Pb. Zn 13.2 "-fSi* rec. 14.4 mill rec. (52.1% \ 70.5% Ave. assay val. Zn per cent. . Produced Ag, oz Produced Pb, tons Produced Zn, tons 11.7 363,043 9,423 993 1 12.8 252,701 6,130 684 12.7 332,779 8,274 943 I Zinc concentration plant : Tons tails from lead plant... Ave. assay val Ag, oz.. 49,238 3 8 34,845 3.9 41,740 3.7 Ave. assay val. Pb per cent.. Recovery Ag. Pb. Zn 3.9 " '{": rec. f,f. 3.7 mill rec . {79.5% 75% Ave assay val. Zn per cent. . Produced Ag, oz Produced Pb, tons 14.0 153,053 1,566 ( 77.2% 15.3 98,774 971 15.0 125,118 1,170 78 . 6 % Produced Zn, tons 5,386 4,138 4,939 Total Ag oz 516,096 351,475 457,897 Total Pb, tons 10,989 7,101 9,444 Total Zn tons 6,379 4,822 5,882 Costs per ton treated : 13s 11 Od 12s 4 49d. 12s 4 57d Milling 8 6 72 8 10 23 8 4.47 Forwarding expenses 1 10 General expenses 2 6.48 Total expenses 1 4s. 3.30d. See also Appendix, pages 388 and 393 306 . I "'Ss^" 1 **"^ cUsJ Desert -.Rajvlinion^^^ , -"-^---^^---H-v^^r"? 7 ^^! \Amaileu L. /TlLST R A -L- 1 A ,..--.| tfusgravijlani j3tl ; rt^^ bt^^sd AUSTRALIA 1. Mount Morgan 2. Cobar (Mount Boppy) 3. Broken Hill 4. Kalgoorlie 5. Coolgardie 6. Murchison Gold Field NEV 7. Consolids New Z Blackwat Progress 8. Waihi Talismar TASMANIA 9. Mount Lyell 10. Tasmania Gold Mines NEW SOUTH WALES 307 BROKEN HILL SOUTH SILVER MINING COMPANY BROKEN HILL, NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA ' 6 mos. ended Dec. 31, 1912 6 mos. ended Dec. 31, 1911 Mine production 319,535 6s. 264,650 12s. 4d. Tailings 76 501 2 59,035 2 6 Total 396,036 8s. 323,685 14s. lOd. Expenditures 174,013 19 165,262 5 8 222 022 9s 158 423 9s 2d Tons treated 180 080 181 790 Per cent lead 13 7 14 4 Lead contents (tons) 24 676 26 015 Silver per ton, ounces . . 6 4 6 9 Total silver, ounces 1,147,569 1,249,657 Per cent, zinc Total zinc (tons) Concentrates, tons 13.8 24,780 27,238 14.1 25,491 27,339 Lead contents, tons 18,755 19,659 Silver contents, ounces 617,679 668,968 Zinc contents tons 1 695 1 376 Tailings (zinc), tons 128 446 123 969 Lead contents, tons 3 865 4 190 Silver contents, ounces . 400 581 452 141 Zinc contents, tons 20,357 20 765 Tailings quartz, tons. . .' Lead contents, tons Silver contents, ounces 6,735 160 14,545 10,571 212 20,375 Zinc contents, tons Slimes, tons 12 17 661 980 19 941 Lead contents, tons 1 896 1 954 Silver contents, ounces 114 760 108 173 Zinc contents, tons 2 214 2 370 Costs : Mining 12s. 0.6d 10s 6 Od Mining filling depleted stopes . . . 1 35 1 38 Total 13 41 11 98 Developmental 2 48 1 29 Concentrating 15 8.9 3 63 13 0.7 3 53 Cost per ton cone 19 3.3 6 7s. 5d. 16 6.0 5 9s 8 3d Price received for lead, ton. 19 6 3 14 17 Price received for silver . 2 7i 2 2*4 Price received for zinc 26 8 7 26 11 6 See also Appendix, pages 388 and 393 308 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD GREAT COBAR, LTD. NEW SOUTH WALES, AUSTRALIA Year Ended June 30 1912 6 months ending June 30, 1911 Total production 815 952 15s 817,434 8s. Total costs 647,335 12 715,080 5 Total profits . 168,617 3 102,354 3 Metals produced: Copper, tons 6,736.5 3,347.9 6,304.3 Gold, ounces 37,696 14,318 22,330 Silver, ounces Tons ore smelted : Cobar Mine 178,938 271,828 62,250 110,406 143,596 241,764 Chesney Mine Peak Mine 21,733 155 11,907 33,391 30 310 Cobar Gold Mine 45,778 23,593 24,221 Ore purchased 7,030 46,302 81,677 Total 346,524 225.428 381,363 Value per ton smelted 26s. 11.16d. Costs per ton 27s. 3 2d. 23 6 72 Profit per ton 3 4.44 GRADE OF ORE RESERVES IN 1912 Copper per cent. Gold, oz. Silver, oz. Chesney Mine 2 6 035 .35 Cobar Mine 2 6 .05 .40 Cobar Gold 1.7 .40 .35 General Notes. The mine is 430 miles from Sidney on the Western Branch Railway. The ore-bodies occur as lenticular masses in slate. The widths varying from 10 ft. to 100 ft. In the Cobar mine the ore is pyrite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and magnetite, massive, basic and disseminated in slate gangue. Chesney mine the same. Cobar gold mine it is the same but i more quartz. Widths ot ore-bodies in the Chesney and Cobar gold are 20 ft. to 30 ft. and 30 ft. to 40 ft. respectively. The ore is broken by over-hand stoping and stopes filled by surface passes. Levels are about 130 ft. apart. The ore is drawn from the mines in the proper proportions for bestt smelting mixture. The ores are bedded at i/he smelter. A 700 ton concentrator has been erected to treat Chesney ores and Cobarr Mine siliceous ores. In addition the Minerals Separation process has beent installed and the plant is treating the tailings successfully, making a 19 pert cent, concentrate and an 85 to 90 per cent, extraction. NEW SOUTH WALES 309 The smelting plant consists of four 56 in. X240 in. blast furnaces treating green ore and Chesney concentrate. The matte is converted and the blister copper shipped to New York refineries. The mines have reached the fol- lowing depths: Cobar 1520 ft. Chesney 925 ft. Cobar Gold 540 ft. For later operations see Appendix, page 393 THE MOUNT BOPPY GOLD MINING CO., LTD. CAUBELLICO, NEW SOUTH WALES Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Gold ounces 17,117 26,405 Value realised Total income Total expenditures 72,597 14s. 8d. 72,597 14 8 73,610 8 9 111,223 111,583 80,917 19s. lid. 4 2 7 4 Profit 1,012 14 1 30,665 16 10 Ore milled tons treated 53 990 74 132 Fine gold recovered oz (amalgamation) 6 895 7 8 565 5 Tailings treated, tons sand 28 520 48,132 Fine gold recovered oz .... 4,643 6 8,594 Slimes treated, tons Fine gold recovered letreatment sand, tons roasting Yield, oz Concentrates sold 25,464 5,218.1 5,811 Tons cwt. qr. Ib. 55 90 18 26,845 5,979.7 13,388 1,841 Tons cwt 269 15 . qr. Ib. 19 A.ssay value oz 359 7 1 424 Grand total realised Aver, yield per ton milled Aver, yield per ton bullion Value realised per ton Workings costs per ton . . 72,485 6s. lid. 6 dwt. 8 gr. 9 dwt. 11.30gr. 1 6s. 10.3d 26s Id 111,223 7 dwt. 10 dwt 1 2 19s. lid. 2.97gr. 12.99gr. 10s. id- 3s 3 05d A.verage extraction, per cent 72 1 Average residue 2.45 dwt. Development, feet 1,404 1,061 Stamp duty per ton (2240 Ib.) Oxide ore 4.77 5.19 Sulphide ore 3 45 3 63 !^o. men employed 276 371 See also Appendix, pages 388 and 393 SOUTH AUSTRALIA WALLAROO AND MOONTA MINING AND SMELTING CO., LTD. See Appendix, page 397 QUEENSLAND MOUNT MORGAN GOLD MINING CO., LTD. QUEENSLAND, AUSTRALIA 6 mos. ending Nov. 30, 1912 Year ending May 31, 1912 Year ending May 31, 1911 Total revenue 637,607 989,713 953,292 Total expenses 387,585 731,715 759,316 Operating profit 250,022 257,998 193,976 Metal production: Copper, tons 5,004 . 45 i 7,440 6,973 Gold, ounces 62,553.17 134,575 142,449 Tons ore treated. . . 172,423 351,858 334,869 2 90% 2 11 % 2 05% 7 25 dwt 7 65 dwt 8 50 dwt Tons mined: Open cut 255,149 233,366 Underground 235,977 276,316 Tons waste discarded. 231,198 211,396 Operating costs per ton treated : Average price received for Cu per ton. 2 4s. 11.48d. 80 3s. lid. 2 Is. 7.08d. 63 13s. 2d. 2 5s. 4.20d. 58 4s. 7d. General Notes. The ore has a gold-copper value. Above the 750 ft. level the values are mainly gold and the ore is mined with steam shovels in open pits. This is the gossan capping to what is probably a large copper sul- phide deposit. From the 750 ft. level down the ore is a gold-bearing copper sulphide and is mined through shafts to a depth of 1200 ft. The reduction plants include mills for the gold ores and a smelting plant with a daily capacity of about 1000 tons. The blast furnaces are 48 X 190 in. One reverberatory furnace treats flue dust. The converter product assays about 98.6 per cent, copper and 15 oz. gold. It is shipped to refineries. Considerable sums of money are being spent upon improvements and en- largements of the plant and reduction works. When completed they will be modern in every respect. The management expects an increased metallur- gical saving and a decided decrease in operating costs. For later operations see Appendix, page 393 310 WESTERN AUSTRALIA ASSOCIATED GOLD MINES OF WESTERN AUSTRALIA, LTD. HANNAN, KALGOORLIE DISTRICT, WESTERN AUSTRALIA Mines: Australia North, Australia East, Australia and Adelaide Production 1912 1911 38 477 Silver ounces 1,107 Value gold and silver 163,538 8s. 8d. Net profit for year 33,062 16 6 Written off for shaft sinking, development and 32,573 14 Net carried forward 862 18 7 Treatment : 118 735 105 238 Value of heads assay 28 995s Contents of heads assay 6 821 dwt Value of yield 27 54s. 27 86 Theoretical extraction, per cent 94 29 92 57 h Costs per ton : Mine working account s. 21.54 s. 22.68 Construction .88 5.00 4 41 5 88 Total mining 26 83 33 56 Gross surplus . .71 Deficit 5 70 Workings costs : Ore milling s. d. 11 2.7 s. d. 12 2.0 Ore extraction 09 4 9 21 General and administrative 10 4 10 1 Insurance 29 36 Disposal of bullion 1.9 21 Development 1 1 6.3 7 092 ft 1 2 7.9 6 220 Cost per foot. 72s 3 5d 79s 6 9d Diamond drilling 6 027 ft Cost per foot 13s. .2d. Value ore reserves between 21s. and 29s. Developed to 2244-ft. level; width lode not given. The total working costs only for August, 1912, were 18s. lid. exclusive of development and capital expenses. For later operations see Appendix, page 394 311 This is 312 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATED NORTHERN BLOCKS (W. A.), LTD. IRON DUKE LEASE AND VICTORIOUS LEASE, KALGOORLIE, West AUSTRALIA Year Ended Sept. 30 1912 1911 1910 Sales bullion mine 15,733 8s. 3d. 38,025 5s 4d 50 841 7s Id Sales bullion ore purchased Tributors 33,043 1 49,901 2 6 46,836 7 1 11,519 2 1 27,507 1 8 2,838 4 3 Total with int., etc 104,006 6 10 96,416 8 9 87,785 6 5 Total exp. and ore pur 87,105 19 6 80,091 6 70,285 2 6 Profit 16 900 7 4 16 325 8 3 17 500 3 11 Total gold ounces 23,484 22,672 19 101 Total silver ounces 1,295 861 543 Total value 99,882 4 10 96,380 14 6 81 186 13 Ore mined underground, tons Ore from surface 6,253 17,602 556 32,120 Tons treated, company account . . 18,158 32,120 Tons treated for tributors 14,223 4,450 904 20 476 22 608 33 024 7 292 10 428 5 665 Total . . . .... 27,768 33 036 38 689 Milled oxide ore, tons .... 8,296 7 831 2 480 Milled sulphide ore, tons 19,472 25 080 36 209 Total 27,768 32,911 38 689 Average 17s. 7.157d. 14a. 8.045d. 12s. lOd. Tons roasted 19,472 25,080 92 9 94 55 41s 9d. ore. Cost per ton : Ore extraction s. d. 11 10.851 s. d. 8 2 . 70 s. d. 7 81 Ore milling ... . ... 17 7.157 14 8.04 12 10 General expenses 2 5.236 2 . 79 1 9 26 In addition there was expended j on dev., diam. drilling, plant \ and machinery J 1 12 3.5961 816 8 9 1 4 11.53 37,870 4 5 8 918 12 8 20 10.17 1,877 3 10 1 945 14 7 Development 589 ft 694 ft. Cost per foot 35s. 5 8d. 2 14s. 4.62d. Diamond drilling 2,789 1 Including cost of 4 . 352d. per ton for supervision of tributors. See also Appendix, pages 388 and 394 WESTERN AUSTRALIA 313 BURBANKS MAIN LODE (1904), LTD. COOLGARDIE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA Year Ended June 30 Tons =2000 Ib. Pounds Sterling Currency 1912 1911 45,354 8s. 6d. 47,449 9s 7d 1,069 11 11 Total 45,354 8s 6d. 46,379 17 8 45 779 12 47 236 18 7 25,978 11 11 24,665 19 8 19,801 1 22 580 18s 7d Net profit - 8,144 3 2 11 425 17 4 20,336 19,413 Mill battery 1 20,336 19,413 Ore treated / ' ' Yield ounces gold 11,201 10,870 Yield per ton 11 dwt. 3 er 11 dwt. 4 7 gr Total value bullion 39,115 13s Id 38,430 2s 5d Cyanide : Tons treated 13 483 12 596 Yield ounces 2 763 3 356 Av yield 4 dwt 2 3 gr 5 dwt 7 8 gr Value 6 238 15s 5d 7 949 15s 8d Custom ore treated 2,592 Slimes accuml. ton Total bullion rec. oz Cost per ton: 6,795 avg. 13,964 s. 1 dwt. 6.2 gr. d. 6,515 avg. 14,226 s. 1 dwt. 18 gr. d. Mining 15 7 504 15 11 685 Treatment 7 4 633 g 11 583 Baling and pumping . . 2 6 456 2 5 549 Total working cost 25 6 592 25 4 817 Yield per ton 44 7 26 47 9 387 Profit per ton 19 668 22 4 569 Value ore reserves Dev. feet 10. 2 643 5 dwt. 10. 2 313 5 dwt. Stamp duty tons heavy mill 4 03 4 11 Stamp duty tons light mill 2.66 2.39 For later operations see Appendix, page 394 Remarks. Property is developed to the eighth level 914 ft. deep. The reef averages around 1| to 2 ft. wide. Mine pumps 100,000 gal. daily. 314 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD CENTRAL AND WEST BOULDER GOLD MINES, LTD. KALGOORLIE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA Worked with the Oroya Links, Ltd. Year Ended Dec. 31 1910 Income, gold 20,183 8 Id. Expenditures 16,656 7 Working profit 3,527 1 1 Development, construction and equipment 600 5 11 Profit 2,926 15s. 2d. Production : Gold, ounces ' 4,757.32 Yield per ton milled 23s. 1 . 82d Tons extracted 17,466 Tons milled 17,466 Tons agitating and filter-pressing 16,258 Yield per ton milled 8s. 6 . 46d. Concentrates roasting, agitating and filter pressing, tons 1,208 Yield per ton milled 14s. 7.36d. Total yield 23s. J.82d. Cost per ton : Breaking, filling stopes, trucking and raising 6s. 7.37d. Crushing, milling, concentrating, roasting, cyaniding, filter- 11 10.61 pressing, etc. General expenses 10 . 42 Bullion realisation 1.10 Grand total 19 5.50 Deduction rebate on stores 4 . 63 Net working cost 19 0.87 Development, feet 282 Cost of development per foot : Driving 48s. 9. lOd. Rising 47 6.31 Diamond drilling 13 5.54 Cost per ton of ore treated 8 . 25d. Remarks. See Oroya Links, Limited. WESTERN AUSTRALIA 315 GOLDEN HORSE-SHOE ESTATES CO., LTD. KALGOORLIE, WEST AUSTRALIA Year Ended Dec. 31 1911 Metal production 403,429 Miscell. revenue . 743 Total revenue 404,172 Total expenses 373,714 Net profit 30,458 All tons given are 2240 lb.: Tons ore milled 269,667 Ave. grade ore (gold) 7.98 dwt. Mill extraction, per cent 85. 53 Costs per ton milled : Mining 10.89s. Develop 3.70 Ore reduction 10.39 Maintenance 166 Gen. expense .907 Plant and machinery .063 London expenses .37 Miscell. capital exp 1.21 Total 1 7s 8.35d Ore reserves average 8 . 801 dwt. Development, feet 9,130 Shafts, feet . 460 . 5 Diamond drilling, feet: 507 The veins vary from 4 ft. to 15 ft. in width. The mine is opened by shaft to a depth of about 2650 ft. The ores are stamped, sized, concentrated, reground and cyanided. The different plants handled and produced the following: Tons Oz. bullion | Oz. fine gold Milling plant , Sands plant Slimes plant Concentrates Retreatment of tails. Cyanide Total. 269,667 88,536 159,951 21,180 20,717 27,111.8 8,230.8 50,966.5 37,306.8 4,266.4 24,518.48 5,701.82 35,280.08 25,471.48 2,908.99 1,102.19 94,983.04 For August, 1912, the total working costs were 20s. 2d. which is exclusive of development and capital expenses. 316 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD GREAT BOULDER PERSEVERANCE GOLD MINING CO., LTD. KALGOORLIE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA Year Ended Dec. 31. Aug. 1-Dec. 31, 1910 1912 1911 1910 Production : 62,932 72 415 27 013 7 839 9 716 3 408 Val realised . . 270,434 19s 2d 30 725 8s 4d 113 962 14s 3 Total with msc .... 272,290 8 7 310 534 6 3 115 961 19 6 Exp total . .... 246,609 4 10 262 075 11 5 136 875 3 8 Profit 25,681 3s. 9d. 48 458 14s. lOd 20 913 4s 2d Ore production and treat- ment: Tons treated Val. per ton 234,636 243,109 91,852 7 383 dwt Val. of pro 270,760 Os. lOd. 308,570 12s. '115083 8 9 Rec. of gold, per cent... . Monthly c?ap. plant Tons broken in stopes : Tons. .; 89.76 19,553 240,912 90.15 20,259 266,247 79.13 20,000 133,288 Av. val 25s. 7d. 30s. od. 29s 5d Av width feet 12 86 12 94 10 Av. cost 4s. 4.9d. 7s. .06d. 6s 6 36d Tons broken in develop . . Value per ton 14,700 20s 8d 13,211 16s 3d 8,646 24s 4d Working cost per ton : s. d. s. d. s. d. Ore breaking 7 2.47 7 0.25 7 1.628 Treatment 9 9.38 9 9 58 10 4 502 Gen. exp. 8.72 8 44 10 088 Stope filling 0.41 09 1 358 Dis. of residues 6.39 6 79 7 981 Total cost per ton Total working cost. . . . Treatment cost as follows : Crushing ... Milling Roastings 18 3.39 214,491 14 5.575 2 2.848 2 9.641 18 1.15 219,960 19 4 5.837 2 4.411 2 10.409 19 1.557 107,632 13 2 5.591 2 3.676 3 1.319 Amal. and agitation. . . . Filter and pressing 2 2.23 1 8.877 1 11.854 1 9.282 2 3.589 1 10.086 Precp. and Smelting 4.214 3.783 4241 Total 9 9.385 9 9.576 10 4.502 See also Appendix, pages 389 and 394 WEST AUSTRALIA 317 THE GREAT BOULDER PROPRIETARY GOLD MINES, LTD. KALGOORLIB DISTRICT, WEST AUSTRALIA Year Ended Dec. 31 Money, , s. d. Tons, 2240 Ibs. Production 1912 1911 Gold production, ounces 158,737 158,351 Valued at Less minting and sundry receipts Total expenses 573,245 575,964 263,756 567,640 569,495 256,738 Operating profit 312 208 312 757 Mined and treated (tons) 193,451 187,510 Treated at sulphide mill 193,451 187,510 Grade ore treated 13 95 dwt. Yield, ounces, by amalgamation Value 59,284 213 924 53,899 193 471 Yield by cyanidation, ounces Value . . . 98,249 354 850 104,451 375 785 Total value . . 573 159 569 256 Aver. val. of residues (tons 2240) Loss in mercury, sulphide mill per ton. Loss in cyanide, cyanide mill per ton. . Costs per ton : Mine expenses (opening up) 1 . 6 dwt. .178 OB. .901b. Per ton 3 2 1 . 7 dwt. .079 oz. . 973 Ib. Per ton s. d. 5 1 1910 1909 s. d. s. d. 3 11 3 8 Mine expenses (stoping) 11 3 10 1 8989 Sulphide mill exp Cyanide mill exp General charges 8 3 5 11 8 2 3 10 11 8 9 8 11 3736 10 10 Sundries 4 4 0404 Total . . . 27 1 28 5 26 2 26 Value ore reserves 14 5973 dwt 14 5625 dwt Development work, feet 2,419 2,580 Diamond drilling, feet 1,252 4,609 Depth, feet 2,800 2,800 For later operations see Appendix, page 394 Remarks. Workings very extensive. Property developed to 2800" ft. level. Mine opened by several shafts. Ore-bodies vary from 4 to 15 ft. in width. The ores are sulpho-tellurides. The method of treatment is amalgamation and cyanidation. 318 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE GREAT FINGALL CONSOLIDATED, LIMITED DAY-DAWN, WEST AUSTRALIA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Oz. | Dwt. | Gr. Oz. Dwt. Gr. Production Valued at Profit custom ore Miscl. income 31,013.157 116,212 2,630 3,973 4s. 4 2d. 7 8 36,795 157,093 4,923 4,033 19 8s. 3 13 8 Id. 4 5 Total income 122,815 9s. 5d. 166,050 4s lOd Total expenditures 106,3851 9 6 146.934 2 4 o Total profits 16 429 19s lid 19 116 Os lOd Mill tons treated 67,177 Per ton milled 101,949 Per ton milled Yield, ounce Concentrates, tons 11,604 1,023 14s. 8.63d. 17,540 1,881 14s. 7.4d. Yield, ounce 1,804 2s 3 64d 2 871 2s 4 72d Cyanide sands, tons 48,559 71 663 Yield, ounce 2,670 3 4 83d 5,482 4 6 83 Current slimes, tons 17,595 28,435 Yield, ounce 3,252 4 1.7 2,227 1 10.28 Total retreatment, ounce. . . 7,852 8,664 Total custom ounce 3 827 6 030 Total ounce, gold Costs (per ton milled) : Mining 31,013 s. 10 d. 7 9 42,817 s. 10 d. 11 78 Development. . . 3 2 04 3 3 01 Milling and cyaniding. . 8 1 73 7 8.44 Credit customs ore. . 10 86 10.12 Net milling and cyaniding 7 2 87 6 10.32 General expense 2 5 65 1 9.98 Bullion realised 3.73 3.23 Grand total 23 10 28 23 2 32 Rebate stores Nil 2.61 Net working expenditure No. stamps 40 23 10.28 22 40 11.71 Duty, tons. 7 71 8 68 Grade reserves above four- teenth level. Grade reserves below four- teenth level. 26s. 5d. 40s. Od. Tons 52,926 Tons 31,812 28s. 8d. 42s. lOd. 1 Includes 33,087 .10 .10 Accumulated slimes, rents, charges on gold, etc., not in" eluding shaft sinking. 2 Includes 36,785 5 6. Accumulated slimes, rents, charges on gold, shaft sinking, etc. See also Appendix, pages 389 and 394 WESTERN AUSTRALIA 319 HAINAULT GOLD MINE, LTD. WESTERN AUSTRALIA Hannan's East Coolgardie Gold Fields Period Year Ended May 31 1912 1911 1910 Income from bullion 78,825 84,237 93,639 78 358 8s Od 83 763 17s lid Total expenditures 81 259 17 10 79,156 10 10 Profit 2 901 9s lOd 4 607 7s 1 63 542 66 147 Tons mullock sorted 3,815 Mullock assay .94 dwt. Mullock, per cent of total tonnage 5.75 Mill treated tons ore .... 63 542 62,332 69,068 4 335 10 811 74 Val. bullion yield per ton 17 .34 1 78.1.38 Av. monthly tonnage crushed Val residue 5,295 1 84 dwt. 5,194 1 54 dwt. Cost per ton: s. d. 9 2 11 s. d. 8 8 08 3 13 6 14 9 4 09 8 4.34 6 66 6.83 repairs, renewals, ore treat., power battery, etc. Administration and genl Total cost 19 3.99 18 1.39 17 5.18 Value of ore reserves 28 28 28 Tonnage of ore reserves. 100,000 100,000 Development, feet 3,382 3,626 Remarks.' Mine is developed to 950 level. Ore-bodies often occur up to 30 and 50 ft. wide. In speaking of development sampling widths are given as 5 and 6 ft. Formerly ore was amenable to treatment by ordinary wet milling and concentrating methods. The ore now being treated does not give such satisfactory results which has necessitated alterations and additions to the plant. This is being done in the direction of increasing the roasting department. The treatment is as follows: Amalgamation, concentration, and cyanidation. 320 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD IVANHOE GOLD CORPORATION, LIMITED KALGOOBLIE, WEST AUSTRALIA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 110 438 113 691 Production, silver, ounces 23,263 22,442 Valued at 471,483 7s. lid. 484,869 8s. 6d. 262 763 13 1 252 414 16 1 Profit for year after all expenses 196,167 10 11 220 971 Tons treated 237,266 238 965 Tailings, sand Slimes . 105,892 108,285 108,662 106,863 Concentrates Gold recovered : Battery amal., ounces 23,089 27,608 23,440 33,022 Sands, ounces 15,690 16,176 Slimes, ounces 42,550 38,973 24 590 25 518 Silver recovered : Battery, ounces Sands, ounces Slimes, ounces Concentrates, ounces Extraction battery, per cent sands, per cent slimes, per cent 2,236 4,291 10,297 6,438 22.3 12.68 34.38 2,348 3,919 9,772 6,402 25.75 12.60 30.37 concentrates, per cent Loss in residues, per cent 19.87 10.77 19.89 11.39 44s. 3 82d. 45s. 7.18d. 39s. 6 52d. 40s. 4 . 87d. Loss .... 4s. 9.3d. 5s. 2.31d. Percentage extraction, sands Percentage extraction, slimes Total extraction, per cent Costs per ton : Mining 68.78 89.73 89.23 s. d. 9 3.52 66.49 88.37 88.61 s. d. 8 3.57 4 53 3.93 Transportation 1.75 1.72 Milling 1 9.40 1 7.80 Concentrating Roasting Fine-grinding concentrates ; . 6.29 7.07 1.87 7.27 6.14 1.66 Cyaniding concentrates 5.30 5.40 Cyaniding ' 3 9.24 4 1.83 Total ore treatment 8 7.45 8 3.32 WESTERN AUSTRALIA 321 Year ended Dec 31 1912 1911 1 5 96 1 4 70 Charges on bullion 4.49 4 52 Total working cost Mine development Buildings, plant and equipment 19 9.42 2 2.90 1.47 18 4.11 2 5.22 4.18 Total cost 22 1 79 21 1 51 Grade ore in reserve Mine development Stamp duty tons, 24 hours 40s. 7d. 3602 ft. 6.88 43s. 7d. 4464 ft. 6.92 For later operations see Appendix, page 394 Remarks. Accessibility. Railway sidings on the property. Character of ore. Silicious sulphide. Ore containing more silica than majority of Kalgoorlie mines. Width of ore-body. Varies from 4 ft. to 25 ft., possibly averages 12 ft. or 14 ft. Method of opening.' Vertical shafts, cross-cuts and levels. . Method of mining. Rill stopes. Depth of mine. Main shaft 2785 ft., bottom level 2720 ft. Amount water pumped. Small. Method of ore reduction. Ore is concentrated, reground and cyanided, cyanidation of concentrates. 21 322 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE KALGURLI GOLD MINES, LTD. WESTERN AUSTRALIA Year Ended Juy 31 Currency Pounds Sterling Weight 2000 Ib. 1 ton 1912 1911 1910 Production gold sales 249,602 13 9 296,872 15 9 Value yield gold with interest, etc . 251,575 18 298,929 17 3 Profit after all expenses, deprecia- tion, prospecting, construction, traveling, administration, taxes, etc. Tons treated 95,768 9 5 123,800 116,326 9 127,010 127,600 Yield gold value Yield'per ton Extraction, per cent Aver, value residue Aver. val. heads before treatment Cost per ton 2000 Ib. : Mining : Labor 251,630 2 Os. 7.81d. 93.67 2s. 8.87d. 2 3s. 4.68d. s. d. 5 10 06 299,619 2 7s. 2.16d. 94.75 2s. 7.34d. 2 9s. 9.5d. s. d. 5 5 86 332,522 2 12s. 1.43d. 94.32 ^ 3s. 1.71d. 2 15s. 3.14d. Stores Haulage and drills 1 3.43 1 . 83 1 2.19 8.79 Total at pit mouth Prop, of admin, and genl. exp. in West Australia. 8 2.32 7.72 7 4 . 84 7.05 Total mining 8 10.04 7 11.89 8s. 4.05d. Ore treatment 10 9 90 11 43 Prop adm. and genl exp 10 11 10 34 Total ore treatment 11 8 01 11 10 77 11s. 9 67d. Total mining and treatment Aver, tons treated per month Development 20 6.05 10,316 4,083 19 10.66d. 10,584 5,664 ft. 20s. 1.72d. 2,108 1 649 Ore reserves tons 250,000 Not given. 400,000 Grade reserves Not given. Not given. Not given, See also Appendix, pages 389 and 394 WESTERN AUSTRALIA 323 LAKE VIEW AND STAR LIMITED KALGOORLIE, AUSTRALIA Year Ended Feb. 29 Production 1912 1911 Gold, ounces recovered 51,700.676 220,063 9s. 4d. 184,007 12 Written off plant and machinery 9,196 4s. 8d. Net profit after administration and all charges. . 23,584 8s. 4d. Tons milled Tons concentrates 132,226 16,662 30,467 1,310 Value combined contents gold and silver 129,532 9s. 9d. Value per ton milled .... 14s. 2.6d. Slimes cyanided, tons 165,564 Yield gold, oz . ... . . 21,070 Yield silver, oz 3,822 Total value 89,834 10s. 7d. Total value per ton milled 9s. 10.32d Tons slag 21.97 Gold obtained, ounces 229 Total value realized 220 063 9s. 4d Costs per ton; Ore extraction s. d. s. d. Breaking ore 4 5.93 Filling stopes Hoisting and tramming 2.78 2 3.02 " Total mining . 6 11 73 7 4 04 Treatment : Crushing, transportation, milling, concentra- tion, roasting, cyaniding concentrates, cyan- iding sands General expense 9 11.36 10.56 9 11.94 1 1 66 Realization of bullion 1.97 2.05 Total excluding dev 17 11 62 18 7 69 Development 2 2.73 3 8.50 Total working cost 20 2.35 22 4.19 Development 3828 feet Diamond drilling 2265 feet Grade ore reserves 28.419s. See also Appendix pages 390 and 394 324 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE LANCEFIELD GOLD MINING COMPANY, LIMITED BERIA, WEST AUSTRALIA Period Year Ended Dec. 31 1911 Production, ounces 36,110 Total incl. slag sales 36,430 Realised at 155,073 Total expenses 163,332 Total loss 8,259 Ore extracted, tons 103,545 Ore reduction: Slimes, tons 103,545 Total yield, gold, ounces 36,106 Per ton milled 29s. 8 . 29d. Slags, tons 21 . 75 Yield, gold, ounces 322.26 Per ton milled Os. 3. 14d. Total tons 103,545 Total yield 36,428.6 Per ton milled 29s. 11.43d. Costs per ton (milled) : s. d. Development 2 11.7 Ore extraction 9 4 . 83 Treatment including breaking, drying, milling, roasting, grinding, 16 10. 35 agitating, pressing, precipitation, smelting, etc. Retreatment slag 0.32 Genl. expense, including salaries, wages, supplies, 1 7. 10 Realisation of bullion 3 . 40 Grand total 31 1.70 Less rebate on stores, etc 4 . 38 Net working expenditures. . . 30 9.32 Remarks. Accessibility. 500 miles from Perth. Character of ore. Quartz containing arsenical pyrites. Character of ore body. Fissure vein. Width of ore body. Upward of 20 ft. Method of opening. Shaft and levels. Method of mining. Back stoping. Depth of mine. 500 ft. General Conditions. Those of a "back-blocks' ' mine in Western Australia Water scarce, timber also. WESTERN AUSTRALIA 325 OROYA-LINKS, LTD. KALGOORLIE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA Period Year Ended Dec. 31 Production 1912 1911 1910 Ounces, gold 36,358 27,836 32,703 Values of gold 154,398 19s. 4d. 118,457 8s. 138,891 Is. 4d. Royalty, etc 8 009 17s 4d. 8 021 13 5d 12 155 5 4 Total Expenditures 162,408 16 8 109,703 12 10 126,479 1 5 99,414 19 9 141,046 6 8 117,457 3 6 Profit 52 705 3s lOd 27 064 Is 8d 23 589 3 2 Profit after mine dev., equip., const., and also expenses West Australia. Tons treated Recovery per ton 36,265 3 8 131,880 23s. 4.71d. 9,777 9 6 100,016 23/9.12 21,614 11 2 103,705 26/9 Tributers account tons ore crushed. Yield 5,802 6,237 oz 18,185 39 062 12s. Royalty collected Recovery, per cent Cost per ton : Ore extraction 5,934 12s. 5d. 92.6 s. d. 6 7 66 8,479 14s. 9d. s. d. 7 11 37 s. d. 6 11 13 Ore treatment 8 11 98 10 11 78 12 31 General expenses 9 09 01 76 11 97 Realization on bullion 1 . 59 1.47 1.49 Total cost Deduct, reb. on stores 16 6.32 0.77 1 1.38 3.58 20 1.1 4 . 85 Net total working cost Including dep., dev., and 16 5.55 19 9.80 19 8.25 23 5 50 shaft sinking. Agitat. and filter-press tons . . 96,050 Recovery per ton milled Cone, roast., agit., and filter press tons. Recovery per ton milled. . . . 9s. 1.34d. 7,655 17s. 2 96d. Slag recovery 5.20 Total recovery 26s 9 50d Stamp duty tons, 24 hours . 7 52 5 79 Development, feet Value ore reserves per ton... . Tonnage ore reserves Additional ore not developed. 5,799 25.37s. 126,473 60,000 3,464 26.4 99,770 3,097 28.47s. 82,509 See also Appendix, pages 390 and 394 326 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE SONS OF GWALIA, LIMITED LEONORA, WEST AUSTRALIA Year Ended Dec. 31 1912 1911 Production, gold : Total gold Valued at Income incl. sundry rcpts. . . Expenses Profit 61,678 oz. 262,094 266,774 191,521 5dwt. 1 11 4 2gr. 1 6 70,636 oz. 300,157 302,876 179,536 16dwt 8 s. 9 16 Ogr 6 d. 9 9 75,253 6 7 123,339 13 Depreciation Taxes Net profit Mill by amal. tons 10,580 5,179 7 4 9 1 11,978 8,986 10 15 3 5 59,493 155,603 24,867 1,626 4,862 39,991 6,041 121,973 22,605 14 s. 9 d. Yield per ton milled 13s. 6.98d. 102,374 165,664 45,143 2,217 6,931 77,580 10,805 83,798 7,762 7 4 Yield per ton milled 23s. 1.99d. 3 6.66 5 6.50 3 11.79 Total yield oz. gold Concentrates, tons Yield. . 2 3 12 7.87 3.59 4.20 Cyanide sands, tons Yield Slimes, filter, ac'm. slimes, filter and slugs, tons. Yield, ounces Total, ounces Costs per ton milled : Mining Development Transportation Rock breaking Milling Concentrating Cyaniding, etc General expenses Bullion realized Grand total. 58,376 31 s. 9 s. 4 1 5 1 10.64 d. 6.53 d. 5.02 2.14 4.48 4.73 3.00 10.71 8.43 70,642 36 8s. 4 1 1 2.94 10.83d. 2.02 1.47 4.61 1.93 2.81 4.698 5.73 3.06 4.12 24 0.11 21 4.50 3.17 Less rebates Net working expenditure . Development in 1911 Diamond drilling Plat cutting and shaft bins . 24 7755 ft. 3593 ft. 4000 cu. ft. 0.11 21 s. ft. ft. cu. ft. 1.33 d. 7802 1054 9400 See also Appendix, pages 391 and 394 WESTERN AUSTRALIA 327 SOUTH KALGURLI GOLD MINES, LTD. KALGOORLIE, WEST AUSTRALIA Period Year Ended Sept. 30 1911 1910 143,946 145,040 146,493 147,368 Expenditures 126,886 127,302 19,607 20,066 Production : Gold ounces 33,954 34,034 Silver, ounces 2,584 2,448 Yield per ton 6.05dwt. 6.18dwt. 112,170 110,199 25s. 8d. 26s.j 4d. Cost per ton: Mine development Ore extraction s. d. 3 2.25 6 11.49 s. d. 3 4.83 6 6.17 10 2 81 10 8 07 8 21 9:95 Realization of bullion 1 37 1.31 Deduct rebates on stores 1.07 Total working exp Value of ore in Reserve slightly over 6 dwt. Cost per foot shaft sinking. 21 2.13 s. d. 254 3.73 21 5.26 s. d. 13 8 5.86 Cost per ft driving 66 3 99 3 7 3 87 Cost per ft. cross cutting 75 3 75 3 6 5 99 Cost per ft. rising Cost per ft. winzing Development, feet 86 7.50 81 0.12 4708 4 19 3.97 4 10 2.45 .... 4778 Property adjoins Great Boulder Perseverance. Perseverance lode dev. to 1200 level. Nos. 1 and 2 east lode and middle lodes< dev. to 1500 level. Lake View lode dev. to 1500 level. Ave. width lode 65 to 72 in. The working costs for the month of August, 1912, were as follows, exclu- sive of development and capital costs. Tons ore milled 9,604 Total working costs 17s. 9d. For later operations see Appendix, page 394 328 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD YUANMI GOLD MINES, LTD. SANDSTONE, WESTERN AUSTRALIA Oroya Black Range Property Period Oct. 1, 1911 to June 30, 1912 Income: s. d. Gold won : 79,489 3 3 Sundry revenue 8 3 Total 79,497 3 6 Expenditures : Total 47,880 12 4 Balance over working expenditures 31,616 11 2 Capital account : Development less sales of plant 6,878 13 11 Profit excess of all expenditures in western Australia 24,737 17 3 Tons treated 41,890 Total yield fine gold, ounces 18,710 Average per ton milled 37 1 1 . 45 Of the above there was milled by amalgamation 11,631 Average per ton milled 23 7.18 Cost per ton (per ton milled) : Ore extraction : Breaking ore (inc. ore from dev.) 8 8. 70 Filling stopes 3.43 Trucking and rising 5 4.31 Total 14 4.44 Ore treatment: Rock breaking 5. 34 Milling 2 0. 35 Treatment by vacuum filter 2 . 74 Fine grinding sand 7 . 24 Cyanide by percolation 1 4.48 Precipitating and smelting 4 . 86 Disposal of residues 9 . 36 Total 7 8 . 37 Realisation on bullion 5. 51 Grand total not allowing retreatment 22 6. 32 Sulphide ore in reserve 41 5 Oxidized ore in reserve 44 5 Development 2,315 ft. WESTERN A USTRALIA 329 The 20-stamp mill ran 5704 hours during the 9 months 86.74 of the total hours. Stamp duty per 24 hours (2000 Ib. ton), 8.81 tons. s. d. Chamber cutting 2 19 0.09 Cross-cutting 1 4 6 . 87 Rising 1 17 2.31 Winzing 7 16 0.20 Judging from development work, assays and widths given in the report, the vein averages from 2 ft. to 4 ft. in width. Property is developed by inclined shafts, to fifth level. This is 373 ft. vertically and 716 ft. on the incline. Remarks. Accessibility. On the railway about 250 miles from coast. Character of ore. Free milling quartz. Character of ore-body. Quartz and schist. Width of ore-body. Average say 4 ft. 6 in. Method of mining. Rill stoping. Method of opening. Incline shaft and ordinary methods. Depth of mine. 467 ft. Amount of water pumped. Method of ore reduction. Amalgamation cyanidation sands and slimes, treated in vac. filter. General Conditions. Reef in parts is very flat. YUANMI GOLD MINES, LTD. YUANMI MINE, YOUANME, WESTERN AUSTRALIA Period Apr. 27, 1911, to June 30, 1912 Gold won 36,949 7s. lOd. Sundry revenue 4 15 Total income 36,954 2s. lOd. Expenditures, 1 total 15,653 15s. 8d. Balance over working expenditure 21,300 7s. 2d. Mine development 2,908 16s. 7d. Construction and equipment 1,873 4s. lid. Excess of income in Western Australia 16,518 5s. 8d. Tons treated 18,332 Total yield pure gold, ounces 8,703 Average per ton milled and treated 40s. 4.3d. Stamp duty per 24 hours, tons 9 . 42 330 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Cost per ton (per ton milled) : Ore extraction: Breaking ore including ore from dev 4s. 5.43d. Filling stopes 3 . 72 Trucking and rising 3 9 . 58 Total 8s. 6.73d. Treatment : Rock breaking Os. 5.25d. Ore transport 3 . 46 Milling 3 0.16 Treatment by vacuum filter 3 0.61 Fine grinding sands 4.64 Precipitation and smelting 6 . 79 Disposal of residues 2 . 64 Total 7s. 11.55d Realisation of bullion 6.64 Grand total 17s. 0.93d. Oxidised ore in reserves averages, per ton 44.4s. Sulphide ore in reserves averages, per ton 41 .4s. 1 Subsequent to starting treatment plant. Equipment includes 20 stamp mill. DEVELOPMENT COST PER FOOT April 1, 1911, to Feb. 29, 1912 Shaft sinking 37 2s. 7. 87d. Plat cutting Driving 7 4 3 . 73 Cross-cutting 4 13 0. 56 Rising 5 17 10. 73 Winzing 5 1 5 . 73 Costeaning 14 9.25 Total depth shaft, feet 451 Development during period, feet 1002 Judging from the ore opened in development, the vein averages from 4 to 5 ft. in width. See also Appendix, pages 391 and 394 NEW ZEALAND THE BLACKWATER MINES, LIMITED REEPTON, NEW ZEALAND Year Ended Dec. 31 Production 1911 Value gold recovered omitting value concentrates. . Working expenditure Profit over working expend 44,744 Concentrates (estimated as if treated) 4,924 Profit over working expend 49,668 Tons treated mills 44,038 Contents gold, ounces 20,274.6 Cyanided tons 25,761 Contents, ounces 3,292.2 Tons concentrates 362.5 Value contents 4,923 Grand total value 97,026 Costs : s. d. Ore extraction 13 2.52 Ore treatment 5 1 . 12 Genl. expenditures 3 1 . 82 Bullion charges 5 . 85 Total 21 11.31 Values, costs and profit per ton : s. d. Yield (omitting value concen.) 2 2 3 . 16 Working expenditure 1 1 11.31 Profit over working expend 1 3.85 Concentrates (estimated) 2 2 . 83 Profit over working expenditure 1 2 6.68 Value ore in reserve 10. 16 dwt. Development work, feet 1,384 For later operations see Appendix, page 394 331 93,059 48,315 332 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE CONSOLIDATED GOLD FIELDS OF NEW ZEALAND, LTD. WEALTH OF NATIONS MINE, REEFTON, NEW ZEALAND Year Ended Dec. 31 1911 1910 Gold, ounces Value gold own mine Value gold with Golden Fleece ore Working expen 13,050 50,896 53,054 23,022 Prof, over working expend Treatment : Tons milled Ounces of gold Value of yield Tons cyanided Ounces gold 27,352 24,968 9,626.5 39,560 15,353 3,424 Valued at Total value gold Tons concentrates Valued at 11,336 50,896 64.5 807 Grand total value Value bullion yield from tons milled Costs per ton: Ore extraction and transport 51,703 50,374 16s. 2d. s. d. 13 3.79 s. d. 12 0.48 Ore treatment 3 7.22 3 6.02 Genl expenses 1 0.40 1 5.89 Bullion charges 5.88 1.29 2 58 Total expenses (working) Costs (Sept. to Dec. 31, 1911) 18s. 5.29d. 15 3.06 40 4.21 17s. 4.26d. Expenses (working) 18 5.29 Working profit .... 21s. 10.92d. Development, feet O re reserves 3,732 11.152dwt. For later operations see Appendix, page 394 NEW ZEALAND 333 THE PROGRESS MINES OF NEW ZEALAND, LTD. Year Ended Dec. 31 1911 1910 Value realised 48 014 Total inc. dividends, rents, etc Total expenses 61,218 62 957 Loss 1 739 Gold recovery : Tons treated 41,596 Gold contents 7 827 8 Valued at 31 655 Tons cyanided Contents, ounces . 26,780 2 689 Valued at 8 718 Tons concentrates 438 Valued at 5 533 Grand total value 45 906 Smelter ounces 607.95 :-' Valued at Tailings cyanided 2,459 24,140 Valued at 2 88dwt Residue 83dwt Accumulated sands treated 2 640 Costs per ton: Ore extraction Transportation s. d. 20 1 . 59 6 48 s." d. 19 2.90 10 16 Ore 1 treatment 3 1 85 3 11 65 Genl. expense 1 5 60 1 1 71 Bullion charges 3 35 1 31 Assay office : Total smelting 26 4.87 2 5.66 25 5.57 Total 28 10 53 Loss over working expenditure Total loss 2.18 4 6.08 For later operations see Appendix, page 394 334 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE TALISMAN CONSOLIDATED, LIMITED NEW ZEALAND Year Ended Feb. 29 Production 1912 Bullion, ounces , Values realized Total expenditure at mine (ex. const.) . Tons crushed Yield per ton Contents bullion and concentrates, gold.. Contents bullion and concentrates, silver. Recovery gold, per cent Recovery silver, per cent Recovery by value, per cent Costs per ton: Mine development. . . Mining Milling Karangulake office. . . Construction and equipment Total working expenditure Development Stamp duty per day Grade ore reserves. . . 271,648 18 dwt. 233,297 14s. lid. 90,298 17 6 142,998 17 5 47,920 4 17s. 4.4d. 53,936 oz. 9 dwt. 14 dwt. 207,612 oz. 2 dwt. 22 dwt. 93.6 80.6 92.1 d. 8.8 1.3 1 6 17s. 8.2d. 3,219 ft. 3 . 94 tons Remarks. Accessibility. Short distance from Auckland and connected by rail. Character of ore.' Free milling. Character of ore-body. Lenticular. Width of ore-body. 5 to 6 ft. Method of opening.' Adits above No. 8 level and internal shaft below. Method of mining. Flat back and rills. Depth of mine. Bottom level (No. 14) is 450 ft. below river level. Amount water pumped. No record in London. Method of ore reduction. Forty-stamp mill, fine grinding (tube mill) amalgamation, concentration, cyanidation. General Conditions. Grade of ore developed being maintained at about 6 per ton. Labour conditions improved since settlement of Waihi strike. For later operations see Appendix, page 394 NEW ZEALAND WAIHI GOLD MINING CO. LTD. NEW ZEALAND Year Ended Dec. 31 335 1912 1911 1910 Total metal production Total gross production Total expenses 278,438 > 19s. 293,790 16 174,078 679,116 11s. 3d. 692,833 17 9 321,293 19 6 926,861 9s. 9d. Total profit 119.712 16 371,539 18 3 Tons ore milled Average value 147,828 2 2s. 9.5 d. 350,699 2 2s. 10.3 d. 442,020 2 Is. 10.04d. Average value of tails Mill extraction, per cent 4 4.65 89.7 4 7.85 89.2 Costs per ton: Mining Development 8s. l.OSd. 1 6.60 6s. 8.76d. 1 8.04 6s. 5.64d. 11.05 Transportation 4:56 3.72 3.05 Milling 2 4 08 2 30 2 6.0 Cyaniding 3 9.00 3 6.36 3 6.0 Repairs . . . 6.96 5.75 General mine expenses London Miscellaneous 4 6.96 10.08 1 11.7 2 3.0 3.6 0.24 2 1.68 10.25 Total 23s. 6.06d. 17s. 7.68d. 17s. 1 . 82d. Note. During 1912 the mines were closed from May 13 to Oct. 2 owing to a labour strike. Costs and production not normal. The veins are fissures with quartz filling varying in width up to 50 ft. The mine is operated through shafts to a- depth of about 1200 ft. In 1911 the mine pumps handled 729,355,799 gal. of water. The milling plants consist of three mills with the following equipment: Stamps Tube mills Time Tonnage Waihi Mill Victoria Mill 90 200 5 H 297 days 297 days 111,133 238 093 Union Mill 40 1 26 days 1,473 Approximate duty per stamp, 5 tons crushed to 10-mesh. 1912 1911 Average number stamps operating 170 236 8 Average number tube mills operating. Running time, days 8.98 172 13.7 The ores are stamped, concentrated, reground and the entire products cyanided. Total yield of mine to 1913, 10,118,217. For later operations see Appendix, page 394 TASMANIA MOUNT LYELL MINING & RAILWAY CO., LTD. MOUNT LYELL, TASMANIA, AUSTRALIA Semi-annual Reports Ended |Sept. 30, 1912|Mar. 31, 1912| Sept. 30, 1911 [March 31, 1911 Total income 326,112 163,694 306,311 326,058 Expenses 219,940 143,171 237,278 240 283 Profit 106,172 20,523 69,033 85,775 Production : Refined copper, tons 3,124 1,482 3,797 4,063 Silver ounces 2i3,284 102,454 246,099 298,458 Gold ounces 4,316 1,858 5,018 5,357 Tons ore smelted 157,167 63,651 160,695 183,094 Average metal content : Copper per cent 2.45 2.73 2.70 2.63 Silver, ounces 1.58 1.69 1.56 1.75 Gold ounces . 026 0.027 0.027 029 Costs per ton smelted (calcu- lated from balance sheet) : Mining and development. 10s. 0.19d. 12s. 9d. 9s. 2.88d. 7s. 10.56d. Smelting 8 9.43 12 8.28 9 6.36 8 7.56 Converting 1 1.35 2 0.72 1 4.32 1 2.04 Railway 1 8.89 3 6.12 1 8.76 1 7.56 Frt. on Cu. and charges. . . 2 5.73 3 10.56 3 2.04 2 10.68 Prospecting 9.02 1 2.88 1 3.48 1 6.72 Div. and income tax 9.08 2.88 7.56 5.64 Depreciation 1 2.67 3 5.76 1 2.28 1 1.08 Strike expense 2 3.60 General office expense. . . . 1 1.47 2 9.6 1 4.68 1 0.24 Total expense 27s. 11.78 40s. 11.4 29s. 6.36 26s. 4.08 Cost per ton ore to produce 20s. 0.51 27s. 5.41 20s. 0.49 17s. 8.04 blister Cu. as given in reports. Tons Cu. sold, old stock 1,172 1,265 1,196 787 Price received per ton 78 Os. 5d. 65 6s. 57 16s. lOd. 58 10s. 6d. Tons Cu. sold, new stock.-. . . 2,128 310 2,532 2,867 Price received per ton 81 2s. lid. 73 Is. Id. 57 2s. 3d. 57 3s. 3d. See also Appendix, pages 391 and 394 336 TASMANIA 337 THE TASMANIA GOLD MINE, LTD. Year Ended Sept. 30. 1911 Production gold, ounces 23,141 Value gold produced 97,820 Total income incl. miscel 97,893 Total expenditures 101,913 Loss 4,020 Output from mine, tons 53,968 Quartz treated : Tons treated 53,564 Fine gold extracted, ounces 14,741 Yield per ton 5 dwt. 12 gr. Grinding plant : Treated tons 11,683 Of which from furnaces 8,801 tons From roasted cone, heaps 1,643 From chlorination tail, heaps v - 1,239 Gold extracted 7,055 Yield per ton 12 dwt. 2 gr. Cyanide plant: Treated tons 23,200 Gold extracted 738 Yield per ton dwt. 15 gr. Slags shipped, ounces 222 193 tons concrete flooring containing oz. gold 385 Total ounces gold 23,141 Total standard ounces 25,236 Product through roasting furnaces : From concentrates heaps, tons 4,341 From accumulated sand heaps 4,460 8,801 Cost per ton (calculated) : Mining, tramming, pumping and crushing 23.50s. Milling 3.42s. Concentrating 1.48 Roasting 1.08 Grinding, filtering and cyaniding 3 . 50 Repairs and general expenses, Tasmania 2 . 00 Administration at mine 1.15 English office expense .76 Total expense 36 . 89s. See also Appendix, pages 392 and 394 EUROPE EUROPE RUSSIA THE KYSHTIM CORPORATION, LTD. KYSHTIM, RUSSIA Tons =Long Tons, 2240 Ib. Year Ended Dec. 31 Currency and Rubles Production 1912 1911 Electrolytic copper, tons Gross receipts Total expenses . 7,547 1,221,379 752,978 5,140 Profit 468,401 172,394 Mine: Ore mined tons 347,850 247 102 Grade copper, per cent 3 3 19 Grade gold, ounces 10 Grade silver, ounces 1 i Total shipments, tons Smelter: Ore charged to blast furnaces, tons Net blister copper produced, tons Recovery metal, blasts furnace: Copper, per cent 338,379 300,100 7,030 75.2 233,052 - 218,310 3,8041 Gold, per cent 81.0 Silver, per cent 69.8 Refinery: Kathodes produced, tons Slimes produced, pounds Slimes realised Slimes realised per ton kath Costs (rubles) : Mining Smelting. 7,547 47,647 . 129,020 17.2 Per ton Per ton ore blister R2.92 R129.51 3.81 168.78 4,033 18,402 55,321 13 14s. Per ton Per ton ore blister R2.78 R126.98 3 48 159 09 Transport 0.23 10.02 .28 12.77 Overhead expenses. 0.36 15.91 .58 25.70 Total Refinery cost per ton blister R7.32 R324.22 38 55 R7.12 R325.5 Transport to refinery 2.42 Total cost In terms copper del. to RR .... R365.19 .... R369.63 341 342 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE KYSHTIM CORPORATION, LTD. Continued Production 1912 1911 Costs (s. and ) : Mining Smelting Transport Overhead expenses Per ton ore 6.1s. 8.0 .5 .8 Per ton blister 13.64 17.77 1.05 1.68 Per ton Per ton ore blister 5.9s. 13.43 7.4 16.83 .6 1 . 34 1.2 2 . 72 Total 15 4s 34 14 15 Is 34 32 Refinery cost per ton blister Transport to refinery 4.06 0.25 Total cost . . 38 45 Net cost after credit of gold and silver in refinery slimes (approximate). Cost per pound, cents Development, feet 22. 4.8 9 351 20.3 4.4 7 303 Grades ore reserves (per long ton) : Copper, per cent Gold, ounces Silver, ounces 3.0 .1 1 i Shipped. Remarks. The Kyshtim Corporation is the English Company. The Kyshtim Mining Works Co. is the Russian Company. The shares of the latter are held by the Kyshtim Corporation. The works are located at Kyshtim, Russia. Accessibility. Kyshtim is on Siberian Railway, mines and smelter 30 miles away, connected by Co. Ry. 36-in. gauge. Character of ore-body. Lenticular, replacements in belt of schist, in the main narrowing to the north and widening into impregnated zone to the south. Character of ore : Massive pyrite, with some schistose. Width. Varies, largest 35 ft. maximum and following above rule. One of the principal ore-bodies has the following dimensions: Aggregate length, 2950 ft.; Average width, 13.3 ft.; average grade, 3.18 percent, copper. Method of opening. Two inclined shafts in footwall, one incline (old) in ore, three main vertical. Method of mining. Square-sets. Depth of mine. Deepest 750 ft. Ore proven by bore-holes to 900 ft. Amount water pumped. Small, not over 75 gallons a minute at any one mine. Method of ore reduction. Pyritic smelting for coarse (+ | in.); fines and flue-dust in gas-fired reverberatories (regenerative). General Conditions. Labour cheap and mediumly efficient. Mechanical work as good as anywhere. Masonry poor. Furnace work good. Super- vision excellent. Fuel is wood and coal, coal high in ash. Copper is re- fined electrolytically at the Lower Kyshtim Works. In addition to the copper mines and smelters, the Kyshtim Co. operates iron works, gold and silver alluvial deposits, sulphur pyrites mines, etc. See also Appendix, pages 392 and 395 GERMANY MANSFIELD COPPERSCHIST MINING CO. GERMANY Tons metric, currency marks 1912 1911 Electrolytic copper, tons 20,503 20,850 Silver, kg 112 651 113 272 Total income, marks 43 864 102 35 735 098 Net income 15 017 390 Net profit after bond int. dep., etc 3,077,879 Mine: Ore production, tons 879 695 795 206 Cost per ton, marks 25 70 23 95 Contents ore shipped to smelter Smelter : Matte produced, tons Copper kg. silver 25.70 0.0155 53,888 Copper kg. silver 29.31 0.020 52,847 Copper recovered 24 57 26 15 Black copper produced, tons 28,248 28,863 SPAIN RIO TINTO COMPANY, LTD. SPAIN The annual reports contain very few data of interest and no operating costs. The following figures on production may be of interest: 1912 1911 Tons mined for shipment without treatment Tons mined for local treatment 698,399 1,708,570 649,215 1,536,390 Tons copper sold 2,406,969 39 925 2,185,605 33 385 Price received 73 Is. Od. 56 Is. 9d. TH ARSIS SULPHUR AND COPPER CO., LTD. ALOSUO, HUELVA, SPAIN Year ending Dec. 31, 1912 1911 1910 Net profit 253 066 188 140 161 211 Production tons refined copper 3,377 3,393 3,494 Tons ore extracted Tharsis Mine 33 480 50 741 52 031 Tons ore and sterile extracted Calanas 331 322 282 027 321 266 Total ore raised excluding sterile Total tons shipped Cost data not available. 352,281 555,616 327,348 481,700 362,750 468,622 343 APPENDIX APPENDIX 347 ALASKA TREDWELL GOLD MINING CO. TOTALS FROM 1885 TO 1911 WAGE SCALE Tons milled $12,089,540 Machine drillers $3.50 day Tons yield 29,400,313. 10 Machine helpers 3.25 day Yield per ton 2.43 Mine laborers 3.00 day Concentrate per ton 1 . 34 Amalgamators 120 per mo. Dividend 12,135,000 Feeders 100 per mo. Vannermen 95 to 130 mo. Machinists and helpers 3 to 7 day Blacksmiths 5 to 6 day Tool sharpeners 4 . 50 day Blacksmiths' helpers 3.00 day Remarks. The mine is located on Douglas Island at tide water. The ore-bodies are large zones of altered albite diorite reaching a width of over 400 ft. The present depth by shaft is 2000 ft. The ore is gold bearing with the values nearly evenly distributed in free gold and in the iron pyrites. The mine was first operated by open-pit method but for several years it has been operated entirely through shafts. The workings are supported by pillars of ore. A heavy construction expense occurred in 1912. New shaft, hoist, concrete ore bins and cyanide plant for concentrates have been installed. The milling method is as follows: The ore is crushed in large gyratory crushers, stamped, amalgamated, concentrated on vanners and the con- centrates from the three mines cyanided in one plant. The Tread well, Mexican and United are under one control and management. THE BISBEE CAMP Located a few miles north of the Mexican line. Though situated far south the elevation is sufficiently high to give excellent climatic conditions. The principal mines of the camp are Copper Queen, Calumet & Arizona, Superior & Pittsburg (now merged with Calumet and Arizona) and the Shattuck-Arizona. The ore-bodies occur in carboniferous limestone, near granite porphyry. Limestone dips 30 deg. and has a thickness of 50 to 100 ft. normal. On the Copper Queen property the ore comes to the surface. It occurs at greater depth on the Calumet and Arizona property and still greater on the Superior and Pittsburg property. The ores consist of rich oxides of copper, black and red, malachite and azurite, pyrite, chalcopyrite and copper glance. Oxide ores are sometimes found at great depth, while sulphides have been found near the surface. The ore shipped averages 6 to 7 per cent, copper with gold and silver values. The proportion of sul- phide ore to oxide is increasing and roughly 2 tons of former are being developed to one of latter. Owing to the occurrence of the ore-bodies, which are in big masses scattered through the ledge matter, the amount of 348 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD development which has to be carried on is very great. This is but one of the items which is responsible for the high costs in this district. The ore- bodies occur in soft ground and have to be timbered as soon as opened. The pressure is very great, breaking the largest timbers. The timber charge per ton of ore is heavy. Timber costs $28 per M. In the Calumet and Arizona and Superior and Pittsburg mines the water is an expensive item (See Superior & Pittsburg.). CALUMET AND ARIZONA MINING CO. Note. The costs per ton worked out from the annual reports do not check with the cost per pound given in the reports. This is due to certain ores from the Courtland camp not being included. The figures shown on cost per ton are derived after certain estimates are made on these ores. In several cases the management has given tonnage figures not given in the reports. Remarks. Property is developed by two working shafts, the Irish Mag and the Oliver. Maximum depth 1600 ft. Ore-bodies occur in limestone near porphyry contact. They are irregular in form and often very large. Ore consists of carbonates and oxides of copper, malachite, azurite, black and red oxides and native copper. The sulphide ore-bodies consist of chalcopyrite and chalcocite. The method of mining is square setting. Owing to the very heavy character of the ground little ore is opened ahead of the stopes. Ground requires heavy timbering. Timber is very high. All ore is smelted direct, and is sorted to smelting grade. Although some water is encountered it is not excessive. The smelter is located at Douglas, 25 miles from the mine, to which it is connected by rail. This plant treats the Superior & Pittsburg and Shattuck-Arizona ores. In 1913 the company placed in commission its new $2,000,000 smelter. The company is said to have low freight rate between these points. Blister copper is shipped to Atlantic seaboard for refining. Electric power is used at both mine and smelter. SHATTUCK ARIZONA COPPER CO. Remarks. The Shattuck-Arizona mine is developed to a depth of 900 ft. Property is opened by one shaft. Connection is made, however, with the Calumet & Arizona, Copper Queen and Wolverine workings, which gives good air. Total development aggregates 8 miles. The ore-bodies are ir- regular in shape in the limestone, varying from a few feet to 100 ft. in width. One of these bodies is 1200 ft. in length. The method of mining is by square-set or stulls. Timber is expensive, costing from $20 to $22 per thousand, Oregon pine being used. The water is not excessive as at some of the Bisbee mines, and amounts to from 40 to 50 gal. a minute. Pumps not operated continuously. Power is generated APPENDIX 349 from oil pumped up to the mine from the railroad. Ore is transported to railroad by 3500-ft. aerial tramway. The ore consists of chalcocite, carbonates of copper, native copper in bunches, also cuprite. A rough analysis of the ore is as follows: Iron Lime SiOz A1 2 3 20-25 per cent. 1.9 per cent. 16 per cent. 10 per cent. The ores are shipped by rail to the Calumet & Arizona smelter at Douglass, 25 miles distant, where they are smelted DETROIT COPPER MINING OF ARIZONA Note. Costs per ton are not available. By the introduction of new systems of mining, the tons mined per man in 1909 was 2.566 against 1.81 tons in 1908. During the year the following tonnage was mined: 55,900 square-setting, 75,077 caving, 217,160 slicing. During 1911 the relative costs wera as follows: Slicing Block caving Square set and fill Under-hand, sq.-set and back-filling Gopher and fill Cost sq. setting as basis Timber used per ton, ft. B.M 81.6 9.03 54.8 1.85 100 10.19 127 14.99 51 1.8 Average timber used, 8.985. Remarks. Location Morenci, Ariz. Has rail connection with S. P. R. R. Operates several large mines. Method of opening adits and shafts. Deepest workings not over 500 ft. Ores are chalcocite and chalcopyrite, both as disseminations and network of interlacing veins in monzonite porphyry. Method of mining principally top slicing, but some ore is mined by square- setting and block caving. Equipment includes concentrator and smelter with converters both situated at the mines. Water for concentration is pumped 6 miles against 600 ft. head. It is re-used. Blister copper is refined at Atlantic seaboard. RAY CONSOLIDATED COPPER CO. Remarks. Property located at Ray, Arizona. Mine and mill situated on railroad. Company owns R. R. from mine to Ray Junction, 7 miles. Haul is thence by So. Pac. R. R., 14 miles to concentrator. Formation is Pinal schist, called porphyry. Ores are disseminated, con- sisting of secondary chalcocite. Aver, thickness overburden 252 ft. Aver, thickness ore 101 ft. Churn-drilling covered area 183 acres. Ore- body 7000 ft. in length by max. of 2000 ft. wide. Ore reserves Dec. 31, 350 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD 1913, 78,380,966 tons assaying 2.20 per cent, copper. Property opened by 3 main shafts. Development aggregates 55 miles. Method of mining "shrinkage stopes." Stopes 15 ft., pillars 10 ft.; pillars are drawn with the broken ore. Main drifts are driven at right angles to stopes. Method known as "Gates method." This system is giving very good results. Mine has electric haulage throughout, in fact, entire plant operated by electricity. Power is generated at concentrator from coal and transmitted to mine. Ore hoisted in 12-ton skips. Ore crushed to 1 in. size at mine. Concentrator 8000 tons 'daily normal capacity. Will probably handle 10,000 tons. Concentrates are smelted at A. S. & R. Smelter which is situated at the mill. Company has very low smelting rate. Blister copper is shipped east for refining. YUBA CONSOLIDATED GOLDFIELDS Remarks. Company operates 13 dredges. In 1912, eleven were operated continuously and part of the year 13. The new No. 13 dredge is said to be the largest in the world. It handles nearly 8300 yd. a day at an average cost of 3. \\ per yard. This is stated to be the highest efficiency in dredge construction. The operating conditions are very favorable at the Yuba Consolidated property. Electric power is cheap. Climatic conditions good, winters mild and many other conditions which make for low costs. PENN MINING CO. Remarks. Accessibility. Sou. Pac. R. R., 5 miles. Occurrence of Ore. Lenses. Character of Ore-bodies and Width. 65 deg. dip, irregular widths. Character of Ore and Analysis. Sulphides, 30 per cent. S, 20 per cent. Fe. Method of Development of Mine. Shafts 75 deg. and 1450 ft. Method of Mining. Butte stull system, back filling. Capacity of Smelter. Two hundred tons. Remarks Pertaining to Operating Conditions. Reverberatory oil-fired furnaces. Local labor. Note. It has been impossible to obtain costs at this property. The above data on production, grade ore, etc., may be of value in giving information on the copper deposits in this section of California. FIRST NATIONAL COPPER CO. Remarks. The Balaklala mine is located 3 miles from Coram, a station on the main line of the Southern Pacific, where the smelter is situated. The ore-bodies occur in a rhyolite formation, the ore being in large masses as replacement of country rock. The ore-bodies dip at a slight angle. They average in the neighbourhood of 40ft. thick, and are of considerable extent, APPENDIX 351 the largest body being roughly 800 to 1000 ft. long by 300 ft. wide and 40 ft. thick. Development is carried on entirely by tunnel. The ore is a heavy homogeneous iron pyrite carrying from 2| per cent, to 3 per cent, copper, with about $1 gold and silver values. The method of mining is caving, very little timber being used. The ore is dropped by gravity and hauled by electric locomotives to the ore-bins, thence by aerial tramway to the reduction works. The ores are smelted direct. The smelter is of 1250 tons capacity, consisting of three blast furnaces and onereverber- atory. The average analysis of the Balaklala ore is as follows: Gold, .025 oz.; silver, .944 oz.; copper, 2.627 per cent.; iron, 29.4 per cent.; silica, 23.88 per cent.; alumina, 4.85 per cent.; sulphur, 35.35 per cent.; zinc, 2.6 per cent. The ore is smelted to a 25 per cent, matte. The First National Copper Co. has experienced great difficulty with the farmers owing to sulphur fumes given off in smelting and operations were discontinued in 1911. The property was still shut down at the close of 1913. At that time, however, there was installed the Hall Desulphurizing Process. This method was tried out in 1914. CAMP BIRD LTD. Remarks. The ore-bodies occur in a fissure vein in andesite. The stop- ing width is from 5 ft. to 8 ft. The ore is hard, white to blue quartz carrying gold in the native state and in iron pyrites. The vein is back-stoped. The workings are tunnels and underground shafts. The ore is stamped, amalgamated, concentrated and the tails cyanided. The costs of this property are comparatively high owing to its being about 8 miles from the railroad which necessitates hauling concen- trates and supplies over a hard mountain road which in winter is at times impassable owing to heavy snow. The mine is located at an altitude of about 11,000 ft. and connected with the mill by an aerial tramway. Fre- quent snowslides are a source of expense and interruption. Mill has 40 stamps Tons Gross value Net value Gross ave. value per ton Production since 1903 \ 702,209 I $20,084,450 | $12.951,193 I $28.50 LIBERTY BELL GOLD MINING CO. Remarks. The vein is a fissure varying in width from 3 ft. to 4 ft. The ore is gold- and silver-bearing quartz containing iron pyrites. The mine is operated through tunnel levels. The ore is sent to the mill over an aerial tram. The milling method is crushing by stamps, amalgamation, concen- tration, regrinding and cyaniding. The railroad and smelting facilities are good. Winters are very severe which at times interfere with operations. 352 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD The company has discontinued publishing its cost, consequently the year 1912 as shown here is incomplete. IRON SILVER MINING CO. Remarks. The company operates the Moyer and Tucson mines. Devel- opment is entirely by shafts to a depth of about 800 ft. In addition to the development work now being carried on at these two mines work is being done on the Blind Tom and South Moyer. According to the 1913 report the ore shoot in the Moyer mine which was discovered late in 1911 and which has been the only important source of production since that time has proved to be one of the largest ore-bodies ever developed in the Iron-Silver property. It has been opened to date for a continuous length of 400 ft., averages 70 ft. in width and 25 ft. in thickness. The limitations of the ore-body to the southward have not yet been determined. The method of mining employed at the Moyer mine is the square-set system of timbering, re-inforced by waste filling. The ground is very heavy and many sets cannot be left open at one time without danger of caving. As the ore is taken out the sets are filled in behind the working faces. This filling is obtained from exploratory drifts and workings in the surrounding porphyry. All the ore is shipped as broken. Under the conditions which exist the mining method is the most satisfactory and cheapest for this ore- body it avoids the use of any considerable quantity of timber. The ore- shoot is entirely enclosed in white porphyry. Those previously worked were located along the porphyry blue lime contact. At the Tuscon mine the ores are much more widely scattered than at the Moyer and a large amount of development work has to be carried on. The character of the ore may be had from the above production data. The ores are shipped to the Leadville smelters, to Florence and Canyon City plants and some to the Western Chemical Co. No cost data are available. YAK MINING, MILLING & TUNNEL CO. Remarks.- Property is developed by the Yak Tunnel, located 700 ft. below the surface and also by other workings to a depth of 1300 ft. The ore is trammed through tunnel and dumped into railroad cars and transported to the smelters. Much of the Yak iron ore has the following composition: Iron, 40 per cent.; silica, 5 per cent.; upward 40 per cent, sulphur; 5 to 12 oz. silver; 0.05 oz. gold; trace lead and trace copper. The ore occurs in stringers, blanket veins and shoots, the last named varying up to 150 ft. X 150 ft. X 150 ft. These bodies are worked by square-setting, the stopes after the ore is removed are filled with waste. The method of treatment is direct- smelting, and the ore is not subjected to any preliminary water concentration. APPENDIX 353 It will be seen that in 1910, when the average value ore shipped was less than $4 and the cost of mining and tramming was less than $2.50, that even on this extremely low-grade ore, allowing for credits, there was a small profit. These low-grade ores are extensive. This property produces the various oxide and sulphide ores of lead, zinc and iron customary to that dis- trict, although some of them at times in small quantities. The principal ore mined, however, is an iron sulphide, which occurs in large bodies, but the market for which is limited by the smaller output of siliceous ores with which the sulphide is combined in smelting. The ores are sent to the Colorado plants, to Kansas and Oklahoma zinc smelters, Tola, Kansas and Argentine, Kansas, and other points, for making sulphuric acid. The data in this report, based upon operations of the year 1910, and prior to that time, have not varied greatly since said date and up to Oct., 1913. STEWART MINING CO. Remarks. Accessibility. Connected by gravity-tramway with Wallace branch of the O. Ry. & Nav. Co. Adjoins Bunker Hill & Sullivan mines at Kellogg, Idaho. Character of ore. Galena carrying silver, values being approximately for lead 57 per cent, of total value and for silver 43 per cent, of total value. Character of ore -body. It lies in the Burke quartzite and oc- curs as a replacement of same along a regular fissure cutting the bedding planes of enclosing strata. Width of ore -body. 3 ft. to 56 ft., average width about 10 ft. Method of mining. Over-head stoping using stull timbering and where necessary square-sets. Method of opening. Tunnels, three in number, connected by inside shafts or raises. Depth of mine. About 600 ft. Amount of water pumped. Drainage is through tunnels, no pumping except in sinking winzes. Method of ore reduction. Wet concentration of second class, first class smelted at A. S. & R. Co. works, Helena, Mont. General conditions. Mining and milling about 450 tons daily from which 15 tons of first class is sorted. Grade of concentrating ore 9| per cent. Pb. and 10 oz. Ag. Grade of first class ore 46 per cent. Pb. and 48 oz. Ag. Average net profits per month since Jan. 1, 1913, have been $39,895. Mill and smelter, where located. Milling done in Mammoth Mill at Wallace, leased from Federal Mng. & Smelting Co. AHMEEK MINING CO. Mine. The mine is developed by four shafts. Two of these shafts are inclines sunk at about 40 deg. The other two shafts at the Ahmeek, which are sunk in the hanging wall, are at an angle of 80 deg. On striking the lode these shafts are curved until the direction of the vein is attained. The Ahmeek property is developed to a depth of more than 2700 ft. The Kearsarge lode averages 12 to 14 ft. in width. The method of mining em- 23 354 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD ployed is back stoping. The dip of the lode is slightly over 40 deg. The equipment at the mine is very complete. Mill. The Ahmeek mill is equipped with four stamps. .It is the intention of the management to install two more. Steam power is employed. Ahmeek is one of the lowest-cost producers of any of the Lake mines. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." ALLOUEZ MINING CO. Remarks. This property adjoins the Ahmeek. Operations were origi- nally carried on on the Allouez conglomerate. Development was then con- ducted on the Osceola lode, but this was later abandoned. Present work is confined to the Kearsarge amygdaloid. Copper occurs in native state disseminated through the amygdaloid. This lode averages approximately 12 ft. in width. The mine is developed by two main shafts. These shafts started at very steep angles until near the lode, when they curved to conform to dip of the vein. The vein averages from 38 deg. to 39 deg. The Allouez company owns a half interest in the Lake Milling, Smelting & Refining Co. and its ore is treated at this plant, together with that of the Centennial mine. The plant is equipped with six stamps. Two of these have been employed on Allouez rock. During year 1912 the one-man drill was installed and by the middle of 1913 these were used throughout the mine. Shortage of trammers has tended to keep -down production. In 1913 production was seriously curtailed owing to labor strike. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." BALTIC MINING CO. Remarks. The Baltic is the most northerly of the Copper Range proper- ties, the Baltic, Trimountain and Champion. The company's mining opera- tions' are confined to the Baltic Amygdaloid lode, which lode is continuous through and worked in all three properties. The Baltic property is devel- oped by four inclined shafts extending over a distance of approximately 3000 ft. The maximum depth attained Jan. 1, 1913, was 2526 ft. The dip of the Baltic lode is. much steeper than the lodes at the other copper prop- erties in the Lake District, being about 70 deg. The dip of the lode at the Baltic mine is the steepest of any of the Copper Range properties, and averages about 73 deg. The Baltic lode averages around 30 ft. in width with a maximum width of 60 to 75 ft. The method of mining in the Copper Range properties differs from that of the other Michigan mines and is known as the Baltic system. The Baltic lode is a wide strong bed, well-mineralized but well adapted to sorting. APPENDIX 355 In addition to this condition, bodies of copper rock are found in the walls. The method originally employed was one of broken ore in the stopes, but it was found that the method was not well adapted to the conditions. The Baltic System which was devised consists in mining on a filling of waste with dry walls built up along the drifts, thereby effecting a considerable saving in timbering; also, in the case of mill-holes where dry walls are used in place of cribbed chutes. The rock is sorted underground, the waste being rejected. The level pillars are mined by caving. The Baltic mill, composed of two compound stamps and four simple stamps, is located on Lake Superior. The mill is equipped with an elaborate water system including a very heavy concrete and steel dam across the mouth of the Salmon River. The system permits of a gravity flow, no pumping being necessary. The construction of a plant for the regrinding of tailings was installed during the year. This is composed of 45 Hardinge mills at the three stamp mills. Plant is operated by electricity generated from low- pressure steam turbine at Baltic mill. Steam power is employed at both the Baltic mine and mill, coal being used for fuel. Electric . power is generated. The Copper Range Railroad connects the mine and mill also with Houghton, Mich., and the through trunk lines. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." CENTENNIAL COPPER MINING CO. Remarks. This mine is situated at Calumet, Mich. The property contains the Calumet conglomerate, Osceola amygdaloid and the Kea-rsarge amygdaloid. Copper occurs in native state disseminated throughout the beds. Both the Calumet and the Osceola lodes were operated unsuccess- fully. Development is now confined to the Kearsarge amygdaloid This lode averages around 12 ft. in width, is developed by two shafts, Nos. 1 and 2. The No. 1 shaft has attained a depth of 3821 ft. and the No. 2 shaft 4158 ft. The lodes at the Centennial property have a dip of from 38 deg. to 40 deg. The method of mining is by back stoping. The property is equipped with steel shaft house, rock house, compressor plant, boiler plant, etc. Steam power is used. Rock from the Centennial mine is treated at the Lake Milling, Smelting & Refining Company's plant. This mill consists of six heads, two of which are assigned to the Centennial rock. During year 1912 the Leyner-Ingersoll one-man drill was adopted. The mine and mill have railway connections, being situated on the Copper Range and Mineral Range Railroads. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." 356 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD CHAMPION COPPER-CO. Remarks. Champion is one of the Copper Range properties. It is located southwest of the Trimountain mine. The principal developments are on the Baltic lode, which traverses all the Copper Range territory. The bed in Champion ground averages about 25 ft. in width, but in places swells to 50 ft. The dip is about 70 deg. The mine is developed by four large inclined shafts. The maximum depth attained is 2514 ft. The method of mining employed is similar to that of the Baltic, namely, mining on a filling of waste. Electric power is employed at the mine, being generated from steam. Mine has electric haulage. Improved drilling machines were installed in 1912. The mill is located at Freda on Lake Superior. It contains four compound stamps and two simple stamps. The total capacity of the plant is about 4,000 tons. The mill is operated by steam power. The water used is pumped from the lake. The mine and mill are connected by the Copper Range R. R. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." ISLE ROYAL COPPER CO. OF N. J. Remarks. The Isle Royale property is situated southeast of town of Houghton, Mich. Company's operations are confined to the Isle Royale and Portage amygdaloid beds. Copper occurs in native state disseminated through the formation. The mine is developed by four important shafts. A new No. 7 shaft is now being sunk. The property is opened by incline shafts to a depth of over 3000 ft. Three other shafts vary from 1200 to 2000 ft. The Isle Royale lode averages about 12 ft. in width; 45 per cent, of the lode is actually stoped and 15 per cent, of the stoped rock discarded. Method of mining employed is back stoping. The Isle Royale mill is located about a mile from the mine on Portage Lake. Mine and mill are connected by company railroad and both with through trunk-lines. During 1912 the one-man drill was installed and by July, 1913, it is stated that two-thirds of the drills in use were of this type. During 1912 the company suffered from shortage of labor. This has been one of the causes which contributed to higher costs. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." LAKE COPPER CO. Remarks.- The Lake Mine is situated about 30 miles west of Houghton, Michigan. The property is located on a continuation of the copper belt on which the large producers are situated. The formation in general is the same as the other properties at "the Lake." Development work has been APPENDIX 357 carried on in an amygdaloidal bed averaging 50 to 100 ft. in width. The mineralized portion of the lode is very irregular. At times rich rock is en- countered with much mass copper. The dip of the lode at the surface is about 37 but flattens out as depth is attained. Mine is down to eleventh level. The conditions at Lake are similar to those at the Baltic and the filling system of that property is used in mining. System is satisfactory but pick- ing and filling is expensive. In places, owing to scarcity of suitable rocks, timber has been employed for the rock walls and has been found cheaper. Lake ships its rock to both the Trimountain and Baltic Mills. Lake is one of the newer Michigan copper properties. For several years it has been in development and equipment stage. Production was begun during 1912. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." MASS CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. Cost per Pound. The following results were obtained in the first and last five months of the year 1912. First five months, cost per pound refined copper Last five months, cost per pound refined copper Total tons stamped 40 443 80 234 Average tons stamped per day 311 1 622 Pounds refined copper produced 660,341 1,189 232 Mining and development expense 10202 07619 Surface expense Office and general expense Taxes and insurance .01892 .00241 00733 .01712 .00131 00407 Freight on rock and mineral Stamp mill expense .01078 02489 .01187 02051 Smelting, freight and eastern expense .01673 .01355 Total mining cost $ .18308 $ .14462 Remarks. General conditions are more or less the same as at the other Michigan copper mines. See "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." QUINCY MINING CO. The Quincy reports have never contained a great deal of information on tonnage mined, sorted, stamped, etc. The above figures on the cost per ton are calculated from what little data are given ont his subject. It will be noted that different tonnages are given in the various reports. Remarks. Quincy is one of the oldest of the Michigan Copper mines. The Pewabic Lode which is worked at Quincy has been developed for 358 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD over If miles in length. The deepest shaft is approx. 6000 ft. The dip of the lode in the lower workings is 37 deg. Property is opened by five shafts. The copper occurs in the native form. The vein system is composed of several branches. The small widths of these make for high cost of mining. Character of deposits necessitates heavy development. Owing to flat dip of lode rock has to be helped down the stope. Company has experienced some bad air-blasts doing considerable damage. The rock is treated at the Quincy mills, Torch Lake 6 miles from mine. One mill has five heads the other mill three heads. Steam stamps are used. Mine and mill connected by company R. R. The Quincy smelter is situated at Hancock near the mine. Miners' wages average $70 to $72 per month. Trammers' wages average $65 per month. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." SUPERIOR COPPER CO. Remarks. Property is located south of Houghton between Isle Royale and Baltic mines. Operations are confined principally to the Baltic amyg- daloid. Property is developed by two incline shafts, the depths of which are given in the data above. In addition to the Baltic lode, the company has encountered and developed the West Lode. The lode at the Superior mine is very wide, running up to 130 ft. and averaging from 30 to 40 ft. The total extent on the lodes possibly amounts to 6500 ft. Development has been carried on to a length of over 2500 ft. The lodes dip to angle of about 50 deg. The copper occurs in the native state disseminated through the amygdaloid. The Superior rock is treated at the Alloucz Centennial mill owned by the Lake Milling, Smelting & Refining Co. The mine is equipped with steam power. Both mine and mill have rail connection. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." TAMARACK MINING CO. OF MICHIGAN Remarks. The Tamarack property is situated adjoining the Calumet & Hecla. At this mine the under-lay of the Calumet Conglomerate and Osceola Amygdaloid beds have been opened by vertical shafts rather than by the usual inclined shafts found in the Lake District. The property is developed by five shafts. Tamarack holds the distinction of having the deepest shaft in the world. The No. 3 and No. 5 are both over a mile in depth. The deepest was 5308 ft. in 1913. Mining has been carried on extensively on both Calumet Conglomerate and on the Osceola Amygdaloid. In 1912, however, operations on the latter were discontinued owing to the poor grade of rock encountered. The average width of the lode is from 12 ft. to 15 ft. Mining costs are high. The conglomerate hanging-wall is weak, APPENDIX 359 requiring much timber. The pressure in the deep levels of the mine is very great and heavy timber pillars are used to keep the workings open. The conglomerate beds are more expensive to work than the amygdaloid beds. The rock is harder to drill and break and more difficult to handle. In the deep levels at the Tamarack the heat is excessive which also contributes to the high operating costs. A large amount of water is encountered. This was formerly 29,000,000 gal. a month. In 1912 it averaged 23,600,000 gal., but was recently reduced to 13,000,000 gal. The Tamarack mill has five stamps. Mill is located on Torch Lake. Mineral is smelted at the Lake Superior Smelting Co. The maximum pro- duction at Tamarack took place in 1897, when slightly over 20,000,000 Ib. of copper were turned out. In 1913 operations were greatly interfered with owing to a severe labor strike. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." TRIMOUNTAIN MINING CO. Remarks. The Trimountain is one of the Copper Range properties. The mine is located between the Baltic and the Champion. Property is operated through three large shafts. These shafts are inclined and follow the dip of the vein which is about 68 deg. to 70 deg. The maximum depth attained on the dip is 2810 ft. The principal workings are confined to the Baltic lode. The average width of the lode is approximately 20 ft. with a maximum width of about 50 ft. Considerable mass copper is encountered in the lode, the pieces occasionally reaching considerable size. The method of mining is the Baltic system. This consists of mining on a filling of waste rock. Dry walling is used on the levels and for chutes. In this property areas of barren ground of considerable extent are encountered in the under- ground workings, these often extending for several hundred feet. It is not uncommon to find good copper rock occurring in depth below a low-grade section followed again by low-grade rock, this alternation seeming to occur both longitudinally and vertically. Steam power is employed at mine for hoisting, compressing, etc. The mine has electric pumps. Improved drill- ing machines were installed in 1912. The Trimountain mill is located on Lake Superior. The plant contains four steam stamps with the usual equipment of jigs and tables. Fine grinding machinery was installed in 1912 for treating tailings. The mill is operated by steam power generated from coal. Electric power is used for regrinding. The mine and mill are connected by the Copper Range R. R. The Trimountain property has never been such a profitable mine as either the Baltic or Champion. In the past few years, however, the property has 360 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD improved greatly while some of the other Copper Range properties have not been maintaining their former records. For further particulars on general operating conditions, see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." WOLVERINE MINING CO. Remarks. Main development is on the Kearsarge Lode. Three work- ing shafts have been sunk. The vein dips approx. 41 deg. The deepest shafts are 3600 ft. to 3800 ft. and are inclined from the surface, being in the lode for entire distance. The method of mining is overhead stoping. Very little timber is used underground. The vein averages about 16 ft. in width. The copper occurs in the native state scattered throughout the amygdaloid. The rock is treated at the Wolverine Mill at Gay, Michigan, 13 miles from the mine. The plant is composed of two heads 800 tons. The mineral is smelted at the Michigan Smelting Company, 25 miles from the mill. Mines, mill and smelter are connected by rail. For further particulars on general operating conditions see "Brief Description of Lake Superior Copper District." EAST BUTTE COPPER CO. The following results were obtained for the year ending June 1. 1913 1912 1911 Gross yield Net earnings Tons treated $2,148,796 $517,393 110,968 $1,560,660 $250,187 94,532 $1,376,253 $118,986 89,888 Value per ton $19.36 $16.51 $15 31 Cost per ton: Mining. $4.84 $4.31 $3.79 Treatment Smelter deductions Freight, selling and refining 4.91 2.54 2.33 4.91 2.14 2.38 5.33 2.05 2.52 Total $14.62 $13.74 $13 69 Additions to equipment .14 .12 .30 Remarks. Property situated at Butte just east of the town. In 1909 East Butte took over the Pittsburgh and Montana Copper Co. Company owns several mines. Development work extensive. Mines opened to 1500 ft. in depth. Several veins contribute to production. One vein trace- able for 2000 ft. underground. Ore-bodies and ore characteristic same as Butte. Widths vary from few feet up to wide bodies. Method of mining square-setting. The ores are chalcocite, enargite and other copper ores carrying good gold and silver values. First-class ore is about 73 per cent. of total tonnage and second class 27 per cent. Company does a custom smelting business. Property has concentrator and smelter located at APPENDIX 361 the mine. This is the only custom smelter at Butte outside of the Ana- conda plants. Among the custom shippers is the Keating Mine at Ra- dersburg, Mont. This ore is high in iron and of value in fluxing the Butte ores. Company has very efficient management. For operating conditions at Butte see "Brief Description Butte Camp." NORTH BUTTE MINING CO. Remarks. The North Butte mine is the most important Butte property outside of the Anaconda Group. Depth of working 2800 level. Property has 10 workable veins running nearly parellel. Mine is opened by two shafts. Veins are cut on various levels by cross-cuts from main Spectular shaft. The veins vary in width from a few feet up to 25 and 30 ft. and probably average 8 to 10 ft. The method of mining is by square-setting, two products being made first class or direct-smelting ore averaging 6 to 7 per cent., and second class or concentrating ore averaging 3 per cent., a rough sorting being made in the stopes. In 1912 the Company was forced to in- crease wages owing to the high price which prevailed for copper. Numerous efficiencies have been brought about in the past few years at North Butte, such as improved ventilation in the deep workings, electric haulage, etc., etc., which have made for lower costs. The ore on coming from the mine is loaded into railway cars and transported to Anaconda where it is treated at the Washoe Reduction Works. The low-grade ore is concentrated and concentrates smelted. The high-grade ore is smelted direct. The copper produced is refined on the Atlantic seaboard. For further information on general conditions see "Brief Description of Butte Camp." FLORENCE GOLDFIELD MINING CO. Cost per foot development, $7.57 in 1910. Remarks. Mill was not operating regularly until Feb., 1909. Consists of 40 stamps and three tube mills. Treatment is amalgamation, concentra- tion and cyaniding. Mill destroyed by fire Dec., 1911. Vein is a fissure in andesite. The stoping width averages about 12 ft. Mine entered by shaft. Operations were practically suspended during 1912 and as a result no data is available for that year. Some development work was carried on, however, during the shut down. ROUND MOUNTAIN MINING CO. Remarks. Several veins of varying widths from 6 ft. to 20 ft. Mine operated by shaft to depth of 700 ft. Total depth 1000 ft. Mill has 10 stamps and 1 Huntington mill for regrind. All conditions are favourable for cheap operations. 362 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD GOLDFIELD CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. The output is from several mines now consolidated into one company. The veins are fissures in andesite. The stoping width varies from few feet to 20 ft. or 30 ft. Underground water flow not heavy. Depth of mines about 1200 ft. in deepest workings. Entered by shafts. The mill consists of 100 stamps. The ore is amalgamated and concen- trated. The concentrates are being shipped to smelter but later will be treated at mine, thus making a material saving as shown in report of 1912. Goldfield is located on the railroad. Electric power furnished by custom companies at fair rates is available. The section is arid, consequently no trouble is experienced with underground water. Timber and supplies are comparatively high. NEVADA HILLS MINING CO. The mine is developed by shaft. Depth about 650 ft. There are three veins of varying widths. The Eagle vein is 18 ft. wide. The narrow veins are mined by back-stoping and stulled; the wider vein is timbered with square-sets and filled. The ore is a silver-gold-bearing quartz. The silver is contained in sul- phide form and in the native state. The gold is secondary in importance. The mill has a capacity of 140 tons per day. The ore is stamped, concen- trated and cyanided. The mine is practically in its infancy. It is 45 miles from a railroad, consequently, costs are high. The water for milling is pumped from the mine. Electric power has been transmitted to the property. TONOPAH BELMONT DEVELOPMENT CO. Remarks.' The mine is located near Tonopah which is on a branch railroad of the Southern Pacific R. R. The country is arid, consequent- ly water for operations is an expensive item. All timber and supplies are brought in from the nearby states. The veins of the district are fissures occurring in andesite and standing at a high angle. The widths vary from 5 ft. to 45 ft. The mine is operated by shaft to a depth of about 1300 ft. The mining method is the back-stoping system. In the wide places a modified method of the square-set system is used. The ore is gold- and silver-bearing quartz. The values are mainly silver occurring in a ratio of about 3 to 1. A new 60-stamp mill was recently completed and is very satisfactory. The flow sheet is as follows: Coarse crushing plant to 60-1250 Ib. stamps, to eight duplex Dorr classifiers, the fine product to 16 Wilfley tables, the coarse to eight 5X18 tube mills and thence to Wilfleys. The Wilfley concentrates are dried and shipped to smelter. The tails to four Dorr thickeners and APPENDIX 363 thence to tall agitation cyanide tanks. There are 2 batteries of tanks, the first serie's overflow is again thickened and charged to the second series. The discharge is put through Butters filter presses and zinc dust is used for precipitation of the gold. WEST END CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. Remarks. Property located in west end of Tonopah Camp, adjoining that of the Tonopah Mining Co. Mine developed to 800 ft. Vein on that level said to be 18 to 20 ft. wide, pay-ore 4 to 5 ft. Ore improves in grade at junction of faults. In addition to the high-grade ore-bodies, there is a large amount of low-grade ore, and management has been increasing the mill capacity to handle this material. The mill operated by the Nevada Milling Co. is located ^ mile from the mine. Capacity 150 tons daily. The high- grade ore is shipped to the smelter. In the month of March the actual cost of milling was $2 . 758. This cost is said to compare favourable with any mill of equal tonnage in the district. The mill is composed of stamps, tube-mills, a concentrating plant containing 12 Deisters and a Wilfley slimer, and usual cyanide equipment. The extraction obtained is stated to be about the average of the camp. Mining and milling costs also compare favourably with any in the district. Plants are operated by electric power furnished at a cost of \%i per kilowatt-hour. TONOPAH MINING CO. Resume* of Operations 1909. Gross production amounted to $3,731,607 158,052 tons were treated averaging $23.61. Extraction 90.3 per cent; cost per ton $13.40; profit per ton $10.21; net earnings $1,295,553. Notes : The mine is operated through shaft. The vein is a fissure vary- ing in width from 7 ft. as minimum . The silver and gold values are in a ratia of 2.5 to 1. The ore is stamped, concentated, the tails reground in Chilian Mills and then cyanided. Water is scarce and supplies comparatively high. PITTSBURGH SILVER PEAK MINING CO. Remarks : Mine. Property is situated in southwest Nevada at an elevation of about 2000 ft. above the sea. The ore-bodies are lenticular in shape and occur in schists and dip at a slight angle. The ore-bodies for- merly were worked extensively by the glory-hole and open-cut method of mining, by which means from 35 per cent, to 40 per cent, 'of the total ton- nage was extracted. The main work at the present time is underground. In the underground method of mining, pillars are used instead of timbers, or the filling method is employed. The underground mining method was changed in 1910, and this has resulted in a considerable reduction in costs. The property is developed principally by tunnel. 364 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Mill. The mill is located at Blair, Nevada, 17 miles distant from the mine. Property has rail connection with trunk line. The mill consists of 120 stamps. Weight of stamps 1050 pounds. Stamps are followed by amalgamation and cyanidation. General Conditions. It is stated that 8 . 6 tons of product per man per shift for eight hours has been attained. Labourers work eight hours. Ma- chinemen, timbermen, shovel-helpers, etc., receive $4.50. Muckers, trammers, etc., $4. Wages since cut and costs went up. The mine is situated in a desert country and the costs attained under these conditions are looked upon as very satisfactory. NEVADA CONSOLIDATED COPPER CO. The company owns the Nevada Northern Ry., from Ely to Cobre, Nevada, on main line 160 miles in length, and derives benefit of these profits. The property is one of the lowest cost copper producers in the world. Analysis of the ore is as follows: Analysis of concentrates: Cu ........................ 1.7 per cent. Fe .......................... 25 per cent. SiOz ...................... 72 per cent. SiOz ........................ . 31 per cent. Fe ........................ 3.5 per cent. S ........................... 25 per cent. CaO ....................... 5 per cent. AhOz ........................ 5 per cent. 11 per cent. 3.5 per cent. CHURN DRILL COSTS, ELY, NEVADA For itemized expenses see: Holes 11, 13 and 15. Note.- The above holes were drilled through monzonite-porphyry and altered limestone, both rocks being quite uniform in texture and fairly soft. A No. 5 Keystone drill was used. All operating costs are included, also such items as sampling, surveying, and 10 per cent, of the cost of casing used. No account is made of deprecia- tion or general expense. Note. The heavy costs under casing and equipment are due to loss of tools and strings of casing being ruined by breaking loose. The amount of hole drilled per shift varies greatly. With good conditions and no accidents a 7%-in. hole can be sunk from 50 ft. to 60 ft. per shift. A fair average is 30 ft. The highest day's run in the above work was 75 ft. NEVADA-DOUGLAS COPPER CO. Remarks. The Nevada-Douglas property is located in the Yerington District of Western Nevada. The ores occur in limestone between por- phyry and granite. They are largely replacement deposits. Fissure veins and contact deposits are also present. The principal ores are chalcopyrite, APPENDIX 365 pyrite, malachite, azurite and silicates. Garnet is often present. The mines are developed by tunnels and shafts. The principal shaft is an incline sunk to a depth of 800 ft. The ore-bodies vary from a few feet up to 40 and 50 ft. in width. The bodies are working by overhand stoping though some square setting is used. In some places at the surface the ore is worked, by the quarrying and glory- hole system. In the report for the year ended Mar. 31, 1912, the cost of mining at the Douglas Hill property was .$1.85 and at the Ludwig $1.69. In that report the total tons shipped from Dec., 1911, to Apr. 15, 1912, is placed at 28,312. The following averages in per cent, copper are given for the three mines: Ludwig, 5.62 per cent.; Douglas Hill, 5.24 per cent. Copper Basin, 5.06 per cent. The ores are shipped to the Mason Valley Smelter at Wabuska for treat- ment 18 or 20 miles distant from the mines. Ores are transported over the Nevada Copper Belt railroad owned by Company. At Wabuska the line connects with the main north and south branch of the Southern Pacific. The elevation of the mine is moderate, the climate good and conditions favourable. YELLOW PINE MINING CO. Remarks. Property is situated in the Good Springs Mining District. Mine is at Yellow Pine. Company owns and operates railroad to Jean, a distance of 12 miles. The mine is developed by incline shaft to 600 ft. The ore-bodies average 40 ft. in width. The ore is zinc and lead carbonate with galena. The mill is situated at Yellow Pine. Power is obtained from oil-fired boilers. The lead concentrate is sold, to American Smelting & Refining Co. at Murray, Utah. The zinc concentrate is sent to Bartles- ville, Oklahoma. :HINO COPPER co. Remarks.' Property is situated at Santa Rita, N. M., 49 miles north- west of Silver City. Elev. 6000 ft. Climatic conditions ideal. The mine is one of the porphyry coppers. Formation quartz-diorite-porphyry. Ore- bodies occur in a more or less horse-shoe or circular shape. The centre of the horse-shoe, which is barren, is from 2000 ft. to \ mile or more across. The ore reserves at the close of 1912 amounted to 94,000,000 tons of 1.8 per cent, copper ore. At least two-thirds of this tonnage will be mined by steam shovel. Two large steam-shovel pits are being opened. These will have the following dimensions, 4500 ft. by 600 ft. and 2500 ft. by 750 to 1000 ft. Seven steam shovels are employed, two on ore and five on over-burden. Railroad tracks extend in the pits and shovels dump ore directly into standard gauge cars, which are hauled to the concentrator. 366 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD The Chino ore consists principally of chalcocite, with some pyrite, dis- seminated through the porphyry. Considerable cuprite and native copper are found. In certain of the ore-bodies, the ore comes to the surface. The average over-burden is not great. The company's concentrator is situated 10 miles from the mine down- grade haul. Mine and mill connected by A. T. & S. F. R. R. Service good. Concentrator is 5000 tons rated daily capacity. Actual capacity approx. 6000 tons. Mill is operated by electric power. Power generated from coal. Power plant consists of three 1250-k.w. generators. Power transmitted to mine for operating machine shops, etc. The water employed in concen- tration is settled and re-used. Concentrates are shipped to A. S. & R. smelter at El Paso, Texas, 140 miles distant, where they are smelted to matte and converted, and blister copper sent to Atlantic seaboard for refining. At the mine and mill there are employed 1500 men, principally Mexican labor. Mexicans receive $2 per day. HOMESTAKE MINING CO. Remarks. Period of June 1, 1911, to Jan. 1, 1912, not shown here, during which time 888,507 tons were milled, average value of $4.1205. The company changed the fiscal year from June 1 to Jan. 1 in 1911. The company's report does not give costs per ton, nor are its expenditures ar- ranged so that one can state accurately to what account different items should go. The above figures, however, are a very close approximation. The total is certainly very nearly accurate. The mine is one of the greatest in the world. The ore-bodies are large masses of quartz and silicified schist through which the gold values are evenly disseminated. The ore-bodies vary in thickness from 200 ft. to 500 ft. and over; a maximum depth of 1850 ft. has been reached. The mine is operated through several shafts. Formerly the method of mining employed was square-setting. This has since been abandoned and the following system is now employed. A main drift is carried on the center of the ore- body, and main haulage drifts run in the foot and hanging wall. The vein is laid off into stopes and pillars. The stopes average 60 ft. wide by 250 ft. long by 150 ft. high. The pillars are 40 ft. wide by 250 ft. long. The overhand method of stoping is employed. Approximately 2,000,000 tons of broken ore are in the stopes. The mills have a total of 1020 stamps. The ore is amalgamated, con- centrated, reground in tube mills and cyanided. About 72 per cent, of the gold is won by amalgamation and the remaining 22 per cent, by cyanida- tion, a total recovery of 94 per cent. The company has just completed a large hydro-electric plant at Spearfish which furnishes power to the mine. This, it is stated, gives a material APPENDIX 367 saving over steam power previously used. The town of Lead is located on the railroad, consequently transportation facilities are excellent. The company has expended large sums of money to furnish comfortable accommodations for its employees. There is a company hospital, library and club for the men. WASP NO. 2 MINING CO. Remarks. The property is located about 2 miles from Lead on the B. & O. Railroad. It is situated on a high table mountain which is capped with flat lying sedimentaries. The ore body is a stratum of quartzite about 20 ft. thick. It is capped by decomposed slates, mud and soil for a depth of from 8 to 12 ft. The floor to the quartzite is slate. The mineral content is gold bearing pyrite which has been partly oxidized. Mineralization probably due to porphyry intrusions. The ore is stripped by steam shovel but mined and loaded into cars by hand. The ore is dry crushed to \ mesh as follows. Gyratory crusher to rolls to cyanide vats. The first solution is 5# cyanide and second 2# cyanide then clean water wash. When everything is running smoothly the mill handles 520 tons per day. During 1913 the property operated only 8 months and 20 days owing to unfavorable weather and water shortage. During the first 2 months of 1914 the total costs are said to have been about $1 . 20. The present management hopes to cut the costs to $1 . 00 per ton. This is quite possible by using steam shovels to mine the ore, as well as strip the overburden and by making one or two minor economic changes. TENNESSEE COPPER CO. Remarks. The company operates 3 mines, i.e., Burra Burra, London and Polk County. Burra Burra principal producer. Rocks consist of gneiss and schists. Ore-bodies occur in large lenses dipping at 75 deg. to 80 degs. Ore-bodies vary up to 175 ft. in width and average 50 ft. The ore consists of pyrrhotite with chalcopyrite and iron pyrite. Some galena and zinc blende are present. Properties opened by inclined shaft 75 deg. sunk in foot-wall rock. Pillars are left. Method of mining has been changed from under-hand stoping to back-stoping. The mines are comparatively dry. Company's railroad, total length 7| miles, transports ore to smelter. Plant composed of 7 blast furnaces, and has converter department. Pyritic smelting is employed. Company does custom smelting business. Property is equipped with sulphuric acid plant. The fumes from the furnaces, carrying SO 2 , are taken to the Glover towers. Gases pass to the lead chambers where they encounter live steam. The sulphuric acid pre- cipitates to the bottom of the chambers, gases passing to the Gay-Lussac 368 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD towers where nitrous oxides are recovered. During the year 1912 the company produced 192,000 tons of sulphuric acid. BINGHAM MINES CO. Notes. The mines furnish two classes of ore, one a silver-lead product and the other a copper-iron ore of low values. Both ores occur as fissure and replacement deposits of varying dimensions in lime and quartzite for- mation. Some of the ore-bodies in this section are very large, needing square-sets for timbering. The ore in both cases is a direct smelting product. Transportation and smelting facilities are good. CHIEF CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. Remarks. The property is located on the Denver & Rio Grande and San Pedro, Los Angles & Salt Lake Railroads. The ores contain silver, gold and lead, and the ore-bodies which are in the form of lenses, pockets and pipes are from 6 in. to 150 ft. in width. Method of opening; drifts, cross- cuts and raises. Method of mining, square-set timbering. Depth of mine 1800 ft. Ore reduction is accomplished by direct smelting, shipments being made to Salt Lake smelters. General Conditions. The mine has been opened in a very satisfactory manner, at the present time there being a very much larger amount of ore showing than at any previous time. The tonnage of ore for 1913 amounted to 51,173 tons. Value; ore, $16.29; Net, $7.37; Costs, $5.17; Net profit, $112,587. (Data by Cecil Fitch). DALY-JUDGE MINING CO. 1911 1912 Ratio of cone, crude ore . . 4.2 into 1, 6.03 into 1. Ratio of cone, all products 3.2 into 1, 3.45 into 1. Mine developed to 2300-ft. level. The ores, which are principally lead- silver-zinc, are shipped crude and also concentrated a lead concentrate zinc middlings and iron middling made. Where a 30 per cent. Zn product was formerly produced a 40 per cent, to 45 per cent, product is now made. The main drain tunnel, which is equivalent to the 2500 level, drains the mine and will effect a considerable saving. Transportation and smelting facilities are good. IRON BLOSSOM CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. Remarks.' Property is situated on railroad. Mine is developed by shaft and tunnel. Electric hoisting employed. Ore-bodies occur as large irreg- ular masses in limestone. Ore is smelted direct being sent to the Salt Lake smelters. Shipments of low-grade ore have been curtailed as management plans erecting mill for treatment at the property. Ore is principally lead- silver. Some copper occurs in the No. 1 ore-body. The deepest shipping APPENDIX 369 ore discovered is on the 700-ft. level. The method of mining is by square- set and often ground is very heavy requiring much cribbing. The large amount of timber used is an important item in the mining cost. BOSTON CONSOLIDATED COPPER & GOLD MINING CO. Remarks. Property developed by tunnels. Ore occurs in limestone in large masses, in the form of beds dipping at flat angles. The ore-bodies occasionally are very large, often several hundred feet in length by from 150 to 200 ft. in width. The ore is composed of chalcopyrite and pyrite and in certain localities chalcocite. Ores carry around 2 . 5 per cent, copper, $2 in gold and 2 oz. in silver per ton. The method of mining is square-setting. The ore is direct smelting. It contains an iron excess. Ores are shipped to A. S. & R. smelters near Salt Lake City, Utah. OHIO COPPER CO. Remarks. The Ohio property is admirably situated for economic opera- tions. Its ore-bodies, which dip at an angle of about 60 deg., are intersected at a depth of 1400 ft. below the outcrop by the Mascotte tunnel, 14,000 ft. in length, which extends to Lark where the company's concentrator is located. The Ohio ore-body is a quartzite and monzonite deposit. The ores are chalcocite, with some chalcopyrite and pyrite finely disseminated through- out the mass. The width of the ore-body is approximately 400 ft. Based on last estimate, ore reserves averaged 1. 1 per cent, copper. The ore-bodies are mined by caving method known as the McDonald. This system con- sists of radiating raises from a central or master raise which carries the ore to the Mascotte tunnel ore-bins. There are three of these main raises. The overburden is caved from the surface. No timber is used in the stopes only in the raises. The least angle at which the raises are driven is 40 deg. and the ore is found to run at this slope. The property is equipped with 2000-ton concentrator, which is being en- larged to 3000 tons. No steam power is used. Electric power is obtained from one of the custom hydro-electric plants at very low cost, H per kilowatt hour. Method of treatment is concentration and smelting of concentrates. Concentrates are shipped to Garfield smelter at Salt Lake City, 15 miles distant, where they are smelted. Elevation of mine not excessive, climate good. The Mascotte tunnel is equipped with electric haulage, the ore from the bottom of the main shaft being transported in this manner, and dumped directly into the mill bins at the concentrator. The company is charged 15 f* per ton for haulage through the tunnel. Costs are very low. Ohio is probably one of the lowest of the low-grade disseminated copper deposits being worked underground at a profit. 24 370 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD SOUTH UTAH MINES AND SMELTERS Remarks. The property is developed to a depth of 900 ft. Opened by tunnel to 600 level. Formation is quartzite. The ore-bodies are large, often as much as 150 ft. square. The ores are disseminated, the minerals being pyrite and chalcopyrite. The method of mining is caving, pillars being left. The method of treatment is water concentration. Concentrator is located 4 miles from mine. Concentrates are shipped to the International smelter at Tooele, Utah, 250 miles from the property. The mine and mill are operated by electric power purchased from the Beaver River Power Co. UNITED STATES SMELT., REF., & MIN. CO. Remarks. The United States Smelt., Ref. & Min. Co. is a very im- portant producer of silver, lead, copper and gold. The Mammoth Mine at Kenneth, Calif., is one of the large copper mines of the United States. Its ores consist of a dense homogeneous pyrite carrying from 3 to 4 per cent, copper. The ores are smelted direct at the company's smelter. 278,088 tons of ore treated 1912. The Centennial Eureka is a producer of copper, gold and silver. Mine is developed to depth of 2000 ft. Ore-bodies occur in limestone. Ores are oxides, carbonates and sulphides high in silver. Ores are smelted. Method of mining square-setting. During 1912, 117,957 tons were extracted. The Real del Monte mine, Pachuca, Mexico, is a very heavy silver pro- ducer. Tonnage of ore treated during year amounted to 418,476 tons. Ore is milled. (For costs in this section see Santa Gertrudis.) The Gold Roads property was acquired by the U. S. S. R. & M. Co. in 1911. Mine is an important producer of gold. Ores occur in large vein formation said to average $8 to $10 per ton. Property is equipped with 350-ton mill and cyanide plant. Ore extracted 1912, 109,070 tons. Mine is developed to depth of 900 ft. (For costs gold property operating in this section see Tom Reed mine.) UTAH CONSOLIDATED MINING CO. Remarks. The Utah Consolidated Company operates the Highland Boy mine, located at Bingham, Utah, on a branch of the D & R. G. Western Ry. The ore-body occurs in large masses in the limestone adjacent to in- trusives. The bodies which are replacement deposits are often several hundred feet in width and length. The ore occurs principally as chalco- pyrite. and pyrite, although some chalcocite, bornite and tetrahedrite are found. The ore is direct-smelting. The mine is developed both by shafts and tunnels, by tunnels to the seventh level, below this the main shaft has been sunk to the twelfth and bottom level. The ore-bodies are worked by top caving and square-setting. APPENDIX 371 In 1909 the company erected an aerial tramway 21,140 ft. in length, hav- ing a capacity of 100 tons per hour, connecting the mines with the Inter- national Smelting & Refining Co.'s plant at Tooele, Utah. The ore is smelted at this plant. The Highland Boy was originally a gold mine, but as greater depth was obtained the copper ores were encountered. The copper contents of the ores have declined rapidly in recent years. In 1905 and 1906 the recovery in copper per ton was 60 lb., and at that time the cost of producing copper per pound was very low said to have been from 4 to 5 cents per pound. This was due largely, however, to the high gold and silver values being credited to the cost of production. The annual production of copper during these years ran up to 18,500,000 lb. It has only been within the past two or three years that the Company has been producing lead. HEDLEY GOLD MINING CO. Remarks. Company operates Nickel Plate and Sunny Side Mines located in Osoyoos District, British Columbia. Elevation, 1700 ft. at mill, 5800 ft. at mine. Ore occurs in Nickel Plate formation. The base of this is the Sunny Side limestone. Andesite intruded through lime. Ore-bodies occur in close proximity to andesite sheets, and usually on upper side. Property opened by adit tunnels or inclined shafts on intrusive sheets. The ore is composed of epidote, garnet and calcite, associated with arseno-pyrite, and carries about $12 gold per ton. Values do not decrease with depth. Ore-bodies dip 23 deg. Thickness from 10 ft. to 80 ft. Method of mining is pillar and chamber system, and no timber is used. Rock is very hard, but mining reasonably cheap. Electric haulage employed underground, 2-ton cars, 12 to train. At surface 7000 ft. electric trolley transports ore to aerial tramway, terminal 9500 ft. down mountain side. Loads haul empties back. Property contains 40-stamp mill. Stamps weigh 1050 lb. each. Up to 1910 ore was amalgamated; present method, concentration and cyan- iding. Concentrates are shipped to Tacoma smelter. These are very rich, averaging often $200 per ton. Approximately 300 tons of concentrates are produced per month from the treatment of roughly 6000 tons per month. Electric power is generated from coal, and this is used throughout mines and mill. The property has rail transportation. BRITISH COLUMBIA COPPER CO. Resume of 1908 Operations. Production, 5,767,355 pounds; income, $1,086,635; exp., $889,475; prof, after misc., $200,483; total ore treated, 321,427 tons; yield, 17.8 pounds; yield gold and silver, $.985; pr. rec'd cop- per, 13.504; cost per ton, $2.632; cost per pound, 9.99?f. Remarks. Company operates several mines of which the Mother Lode is the principal. This property is situated 3| miles from the smelter at 372 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Greenwood. Mine is opened by tunnel and shaft latter four-compartment, 575 ft. deep. Hoisting is by air generated by electricity. The ore-body is 130 ft. wide and is opened for 1500 ft. in length. The ore which is smelted direct is mostly chalcopyrite in lime gangue. Mines are equipped with elect, haulage. Ore is handled automatically at mine and smelter, many new labor-saving devices having been installed. The ore-bodies are worked by the caving method, pillars being left. At the time of writing the pillars were being worked. The management states that as much as 250,000 tons of ore have been broken down with one blast. The ores are practically self- fluxing. In one month's run when 60,000 tons were smelted 3800 tons of flux were used. The smelter is of 2500 tons' capacity composed of three blast furnaces and three converter stands. Electric power is used through- out. It is obtained from the West Kooteney Power & Light Co. at a cost of approximately $50 per horse-power per year. Both mines and reduction plant have rail connection with transcontinental lines. CONSOLIDATED MINING & SMELTING OF CANADA Quotations For Metals, 15 Months 1913 1912 1911 18-19-7 15 593 12 953 Silver New York per ounce 60 993jf 56 355?f 53 696f< Copper, electrolytic, per pound 16.113jf 13.942)* 12.337jf Costs and other data on the Center Star, Sullivan, and Snowshoe, are given in this book under their respective titles. Remarks. This company does a large silver-lead smelting business and has a lead refinery, using the Betts Electrolytic Process, capacity about 75 to 100 tons per day. This is the only lead refinery in Canada and pro- duces practically all of the lead used in that country. In addition to sup- plying these wants, the company had in the past exported large quantities to China and Japan. Smelter consists of five copper blast furnaces and three lead stacks. The company owns and leases a large number of mines in that section. In addition to treating their own ore, it also does a custom business. The value of production is greater than any other plant in the Northwest. The values in precious metals contribute largely to this total amount. COPPER MOUNTAIN Remarks. Location. Property is situated about 15 miles south of Prince- ton, B. C., which is on the Great Northern Railway, the nearest railroad point. Accessibility. Accessibility to base of supplies at present poor, but on completion of Great Northern and C. P. R. lines to coast, property will have direct outlet. Character of Ore and Geology. Ore occurs as disseminated chalcopyrite and bornite in lenticular bodies of varying size in dioritic rocks. APPENDIX 373 Mining. Combined glory hole and underground methods will probably be used. Milling. Due to heavy character of gangue, ordinary milling methods cannot be used. It is said that the metallics can be recovered by oil flo- tation methods. Concentrates will be shipped to Grand Forks or Green- wood, B. C. General Conditions. Aside from present inaccessibility of property, gen- eral mining conditions are favorable for cheap work. Property has been prospected for over a year but definite equipment of same has not been started. NEW DOMINION COPPER CO., LTD. Remarks. Company operates the Rawhide, Athelstan, Brooklyn, and Idaho, Sunset and other mines. Rawhide property is principal producer. This mine adjoins the Granby Consolidated. The Athelstan lies adjacent to the British Colombia. Ore-bodies are massive and are generally found in greenstone or altered limestone. The ores are chalcopyrite and pyrite, often pyrrhotite or magnetite. Calcite, garnet and epidote are common. An average analysis of the ore would be 38-40 per cent, silica, 16 to 20 per cent, lime and 15-16 per cent, ferrous oxide. The veins at the Rawhide have flat dip from 30 to 40 and vary from a few feet up to 45 ft. in width. The method of mining is caving, pillars being left and robbing the pillars. Very little timber is used. Rawhide property is developed by tunnel. The various mines are connected with smelter at Greenwood by rail the dis- tance varying from a few miles up to 25 miles. The ore is smelted at the British Columbia smelter. The controlling interest in the New Dominion Copper Co. is held by the British Columbia Copper Co. DOME MINES, LTD. W. W. MEIN, Consulting Engineer says : "A fall in costs should be effected incident upon (1) the cessation of extraordinary expenditures associated with the early operations of a new mine and mill, (2) the increasing efficiency of methods and supervision in relation to local problems, (3) a probable im- provement in the standard of labor efficiency through the establishment of more attractive and stable conditions in the camp and (4) an uninterrupted supply of hydro-electric power, the benefit of which installation was not gained during the past year." Remarks. The ore outcrops in the form of an immense dome rising above the surrounding country. Its dimensions are roughly 800 ft. in length by 200 in width by 25 ft. in height. The mine is developed to shallow depths underground. Mining is carried on both at the surface and underground. The ore occurs as quartz carrying free gold. Pyrite is also present with which gold is associated. 374 MIXING COSTS OF THE WORLD Treatment Operations. The design and erection of the reduction works were carried out by the Merrill Metallurgical Company of San Francisco, and comprise forty 1250 Ib. stamps, four duplex Dorr classifiers, four 5 X 22- ft. tube mills, four Pachuca tanks 8X40 ft., three 90X4-in. frames Merrill slime filter presses, two 52-in. Merrill zinc dust precipitation presses. NIPISSING MINING CO., LTD. In the future everything will be reduced to bullion at the mine, making a material saving over shipping to the smelters. On Feb. 1, 1911, a mill for the treatment of high-grade ore was completed. The process is unique, it being worked out by Chas. Butters to suit this particular case. It consists of amalgamation in cyanide solution in a tube mill where more than 97 per cent, of the silver is recovered by amalgamation. The residue or tails are then treated by the regular cyanide method. A low-grade mill capacity of 200 tons per day was constructed in 1912. It consists of forty 1500-lb. stamps and four 6X20 ft. tube mills. The ore is crushed in cyanide solution to 200-mesh, agitated and passed through Butters filters, precipitated by Al. dust through a Merrill filter. YUKON GOLD CO. DREDGE OPERATIONS, 6 MONTHS TO OCT. 31, 1913 Dredge number 4 | 5 j 6 | 7 j 8 Cost per yard; Direct cost: Fixed salaries, cents Labor . . . .0009 .0315 .0009 .0333 .0010 .0234 .0007 .0201 .0007 .0221 .0008 0202 .0008 .0201 .0013 .0021 .0147 .0222 .0612 .0209 .0005 .0247 .0175 .0151 .0010 .0016 .0017 .0006 .0236 .0010 .0018 .0142 .0236 .0648 .0152 .0004 .0164 .0131 .0164 .0011 .0012 .0027 Fuel... Shop expense (repairs) Material and supplies Power Total .0008 .0015 .0169 .0313 .0829 .0017 .0023 .0211 .0318 .0911 .0302 .0006 .0259 .0200 .0238 .0013 .0018 .0026 .0007 .0011 .0200 .0266 .0728 .0188 .0006 .0131 .0209 .0187 .0010 .0009 .0021 .0001 .0037 .0150 .0222 .0618 .0168 .0005 .0121 .0205 .0206 .0017 .0008 .0013 .0008 .0017 .0151 .0213 .0617 .0206 .0005 .0209 .0169 .0154 .0011 .0014 .0027 .0003 .0005 .0027 .0241 .0216 .0699 .0234 .0005 .0261 .0215 .0181 .0012 .0017 .0021 Indirect cost : .0422 .0006 .0170 .0201 .0224 .0012 .0011 .0009 Taxes (represent gAlon) Bullion charges General charges Depreciation Insurance Assay office Stables ... ... Main ditch. ... Company telephone lines. . . . Transportation Miscellaneous Total Thawing .0003 .0001 .0050 .1109 .1255 .0003 .0001 .0050 .1116 .1228 0003 0001 0050 0815 1836J .0002 .0002 .0003 .0002 .0001 .0050 0883 1279 .0002 .0001 .0051 .0719 0749 .0053 .0798 .1795 .0050 .0850 .1234 .0050 .0999 .1638 Total operating costs, cents .3193 .3255 .3379 .3211 .2701 .3336 2792 2116 APPENDIX 375 Remarks. In 1912 the operations at Pacific, Atlin and lease contributed $484,337 at a cost of $204,672, yielding a profit of $279,665. These figures we included in the grand total under 1912 operations. The company now has gravel mines in several districts. The season for operations is during the summer months, lasting from May to October in- clusive. There are nine dredges and a hydraulicking outfit in operation. The magnitude of operations depends upon length of season and water supply for hydraulicking. The formation consists of tightly compacted gravel lying on a fractured schist bedrock. The gravel is covered by an over-burden of muck varying from 2 to 20 ft. in depth, except in the stream beds where the over-burden has been removed leaving the gravel exposed. The total depth of the de- posits range from 20 to 35 ft. The gold values occur in the gravel directly above bedrock and in the crevices of the bedrock itself extending into it for a depth of from 2 to 12 ft. The average depth of bedrock excavated in dredging is 5 ft. Approximately 75 per cent, of the gravels is frozen and must be thawed before it can be dredged. To accomplish the thawing steam is distributed from generating plants through insulated pipes, which feed a battery of approximately 180 steam points to each. The points are driven to bedrock, allowed to steam for 24 to 48 hours, and withdrawn when the thawing is completed. Each thawing plant has a boiler capacity of approximately 300 h.p. Five of the dredges are equipped with 7^-cu. ft. buckets and three with 5-cu. ft. buckets. CRESTON COLORADA CO. Properties located at Minas Prietas, Sonora, Mexico, on the Union Mexicano Ry. Connects property with main line at Torres. Company operates two mines, Creston and Colorada. Property is developed by shafts, drifts and glory-hole. At one mine ore-bodies are mined underground, while at other properties glory-hole system is employed. Properties are developed to 1000 ft. in depth. The ore-bodies occur in parallel veins, connected by stringers and fissures. The east end contains fractured quartz sulphides on lower levels, with harder quartz in west end. The widths of the veins vary from 10 to 30 ft.; average value of the reserves 1911 estimated at $4.87 per ton. The method of reduction is cyanide treatment. The Grand Central mines, mill, and cyanide plant have been purchased. The company's own mill and cyanide plant treats approximately 12,000 tons per month, and the Grand Central about 8000 tons per month. Aerial tramway transports ore between mine and plants. Company employs 46 Americans and 336 Mexicans. 376 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD BATOPILAS MINING CO. The mines of this company have been operating for a great many years. Some of the veins have contained bonanza silver ore. There is little of this left as far as the present development has shown. The future of the mine depends upon new development. Mines operate through tunnels and shafts. The ores are concentrated and the tails re-ground and cyanided. General conditions are favourable for operations. SIEMPRE VIVA MINE Sand and slimes are separated by classifiers or tables. The sand is treated in leaching vats by Butters-and-Mein distributors, and slimes are treated by decantation process, agitation being effected either by stirrer or centrifugal pump. Cyanide solution is treated in zinc boxes, with zinc shavings, and entire property is equipped with steam and water power and electricity for lighting purposes. 331 men are employed, 176 underground and 155 on the surface. (Data by Henry F. Lefevre.) BUTTERS SALVADOR MINES Remarks. The Butters Salvador Mines are located 25 miles from La Union, Salvador. Seaport La Union. The property contains a series of veins 5 to 12 ft. wide paralleling each other along a distance of 3000 ft. and along two main fracture zones. Property is opened by tunnels and shaft. The ore-body is a replacement in rhyolite. The ore is gold with a quartz gangue. The method of mining is stoping in steps of 6 ft. and filling from the surface. No timber is used. The mines are developed to 800 ft. in depth. Drainage is by tunnel. The method of treatment is milling all sliming in cyanide solution. PATO PROPERTY Remarks. Operations began Feb. 1, 1913. Numerous delays and difficulties were experienced in the early operations. It is worthy of mention in connection with the working profit of $10,373 shown, that for two months losses were made, also that the cost per yard of 33.12^ for the first month had been reduced at the end of six months to 5.35 cents. The acreage ex- hausted equalled 11.42 yielding $5,824 per acre at a cost of $4,916 per acre. From Aug. 1 to Oct. 1 based on cable advices 89 days the dredge recovered $156,820 from 266,270 yds. washed, an average of 59 cents per cubic yard. The daily yardage was 3000, an increase of 550 cu. yd. over the prior six months period. The average value recovered was nearly four times as great. DE BEERS CONSOLIDATED MINES, LTD. Remarks. Properties are located near Kimberley, 647 miles northeasterly from Cape Town in Cape Colony. The principal mines are the De Beers, APPENDIX 377 Kimberley, Wesselton, Bultfontein, Dutoitspan and many other holdings. The large mines are all near together and are situated in an area not over five miles square. The diamonds occur as separate crystals in pipes of blue ground of serpentinized olivine or kimberlite. A maximum depth of 3600 ft. has been attained in development. At some of the properties the surface ores are worked by open-cut. The load mentioned in the above data is equal to 16 cu. ft. or 1.4 short tons. The diamonds are extracted by washing. There are millions of tons of old tailings at the various properties, the result of former washing. These are now being retreated at a profit. In addition to its mining operations, the company has extensive manufacturing, agricultural, and other interests in that section. The tonnage handled at these mines is probably one of the greatest in the world. BANTJES CONSOLIDATED MINES, LTD. Remarks. Property began producing Aug. 9, 1910. The average stop- ing width of the four reefs- namely, the Main Reef, Main Reef Leader, Leader and South Reef, is 41 in. The principal producer is the South Reef. The Reefs are narrow. In 1911 the development done on the South Reef disclosed an average width of 12 in. assaying 19.8 dwt. and on the Leader 24 in. assaying 10.1 dwt. Mine is developed by inclined shafts. Maximum depth around 3000 ft. A mill of 100 stamps has been built. In 1912 an average of 80 were operat- ing. Tube mills and cyanide treatment complete the equipment. BRAKPAN MINES, LTD. Remarks. Company began operating at end of May, 1911. In 1912, 12,619 ft. of development done on the reef averaged 9.36 dwt. over a width of 37.67 in. In this year the average stoping width of ore mined was 66.50 in. and the calculated milling width 56.39 in. In 1911, 9701 ft. of develop- ment was done in the reef with an average of 10.07 dwt. over a width of reef of 32.89 in. For stope widths used on basis ore reserves calculations see tabulated data given. l The system of waste packing which has been adopted has proven well suited to the flat dip of the reef and the great depth at which mining operations are carried on. The property is equipped with pumps of 1,250,000 gal. per 24 hours capacity. There is pumped daily approxi- mately 600,000 gal. CINDERELLA CONSOLIDATED GOLD MINES, LTD. Remarks. Mill has 80 stamps and 3 tube mills; wt. of stamps 1650 Ib. The plants are operated by electric power. The Central Shaft was sunk 793 ft. in 1912 to 2375 ft. This shaft makes considerable water. In October 1912 the flow was 200,000 gal. per day. This shaft will cut the 378 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Reef at a depth of 3000 ft. The Cinderella shaft intersected the reef at 4000 ft. The lowest level in the mine in 1912 was 4443 ft. The company owns about 3 miles on the strike of the reef. The increase in working cost in 1912 is mainly due to additional expendi- tures of sand filling, closer timbering, packing, ventilation and contribution to Miners Phthisis Insurance Fund. In 1911 stoping width was 58 in. In 1912 it was 46 in. The latter is due to figures being taken out on a hand stoping basis insted of machine. In the sand filling method the sand is sent down dry. CITY DEEP, LTD. Duty per stamp (tons) 13.2 Waste sorted in mining, 15 per cent 11.6 Development work 9947 ft. The Main Reef Leader has a stoping width of from 17 in. to 24 in. assay- ing from 16 to 33 dwt. per ton. At present this is the main source of ore supply. This reef is exposed for a distance of over 2500 ft. Dip of reef about 38 deg. The mill has 200 stamps and nine tube mills and will treat 65,000 ton per month when in full operation. Electric power is used. CITY AND SUBURBAN GOLD MINING AND ESTATE CO., LTD. Results of Operations from 1901 to 1912 Incl. Ore milled, 3,013,013; yield per ton, 7.456 dwt.; cost per ton, 19s. 1.057d.; revenue per ton, 31s 6.07d.; profit per ton, 11s. 7.50d.; working profit, 1,752,372; total profit, 1,825,610. Remarks. The principal reefs worked are the Main Reef Leader and South with widths and assay values in 1911 as follows: Main Reef 31.2 in.; 9.4 dwt. Leader 19.4 in.; 24.7 dwt. South 16.6 in.; 19.4 dwt. These two reefs have in the past been stoped together to a width of 8 ft. or 9 ft., with a sorting out of probably 3 ft. of waste rock. Dip of reef, 30 deg. The mill has 160 stamps in operation. Resume Operations, 1910. Gold, ounces, 106,049; working profit, 86,252; tons crushed, 308,366; value ore, 6.880 dwt.; cost per ton, 19s. 8.37d.; revenue per ton, 25s. 3.52d.; profit, 5s. 7.15d. CONSOLIDATED MAIN REEF MINES AND ESTATE, LTD. Remarks. This property operates on the Main Reef Leader and South Reef. The work is done through three large shafts. No. 3 was commenced in 1910 and will cut the Main Leader Reef at about 2500 ft. depth. APPENDIX 379 The west shaft is down over 3500 ft. Plant has 120 stamps, three tube mills, which will probably be enlarged. CROWN MINES, LTD. Remarks.- This company is a consolidation of several properties that are being worked together. The underground workings are being connected on large haulage levels and the ore hoisted through several working shafts. On the surface the several mills are connected with the shafts by electric trams. The widths and gold content of the three reefs are as follows: Main Reef 38 in. 12s. 9d. ] Main Reef, Leader 24 in. 73s. 2d. \ 1911 South Reef 24 in. 57s. 8d. J A stoping width of from 58 in. to 65 in. is maintained which brings the value of mill ore to about 8 dwt. = 33s. 4d. The combined stamps of the five mills amount to 835. These have a capacity of about 210,000 tons per month or about 2, 500,000 tons per annum. Electric power is used. The contemplated improvements for centralizing the work are very extensive. The full effects of this work are not as yet felt. RECORD OF OPERATIONS FROM 1907 TO DEC. 31, 1912 Total tons milled 8,742,615 Cost per ton 18 9.76 Working revenue 1 14 6.12 Profit per ton 15 8.357 Working profit 6,861,388 Net profit 6,859,199 EAST RAND PROPRIETARY MINES, LTD. Remarks. This company is a consolidation of a number of outcrop and deep level mines extending some 6 miles along the strike of the reef. The reefs have been faulted and the croppings appear twice upon the surface. The Main Reef Leader is the main reliance of the mine. It is from 20 to 28 in. wide and is stoped to a width of 48 in. The Main Reef is 48 in. to 50 in. wide, but low grade. The South Reef is pyritic and non- payable. The winding is done in two stages to a total inclined depth of 6000 ft., each stage being 3000 ft. The milling is done in four plants. Two plants, with a total of 440 stamps, are driven by electricity and the other two plants with 380 stamps by steam. It is said that by increasing the tube mills to 44 in the former two mills, the tonnage can be maintained at a saving in operating costs. This change is contemplated. The recovery of the East Rand Proprietary Mines Co. was as follows for 1908 and 1909. 1908 31s. 6d. per ton. 1909 29s. 2d. per ton. 380 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Yield from all Sources to December 31, 1910. Tons milled, 10,054,414; Silver, oz., 455,694; per ton milled, dwt. 0.906; total ounces gold, 4,064,321; per ton milled, dwt., 8.085; total value realized, 17,199,696 7s. Id., per ton milled, 34s. 2.559d. FERREIRA DEEP, LTD. Stoping widths, widths of veins and values for 1912 were as follows: Main Reef Leader 72 in. 34 in. 67s. 2d. South Reef Leader 60 in. 23 in. 96s. 7d. Dip of reefs 27 deg. The main reef is wide but very low grade. The mill has 280 stamps and seven tube mills. Capacity of mill 750,000 to 800,000 tons per annum. FERREIRA GOLD MINING CO., LTD. Notes. The company is mining the three reefs. An average stoping width of 77 in. is maintained with an average assay value of 8. 10 dwt. per ton. Dip of reefs about 40 deg. The mill has 120 stamps and three tube mills. The capital of the company is 95,000. From 1891 to 1899 (the Boer War) 1,268,500 was distributed in dividends, while since the conclusion of the war, and up till June, 1911, a further 2,556,250 was distributed. The mine is now practically worked out. GELDENHUIS DEEP, LTD. Remarks. The property mines on the three reefs. The widths, assay value and stoping widths are as follows: Width Value Stoping width Main reef 26 in. 6.0 dwt. 54 in. Main reef leader South reef 9 in. 16 in. 21.0 dwt. 14. 6 dwt. 41 in. 45 in. The combined mills have a total of 420 stamps, with a maximum crushing capacity, with the aid of tube mills, of 948,000 tons per annum. Electric power is used. The payable ore reserves Dec. 31, 1912, showed the following widths and values: Value dwt. s. d. 5.8 24 4 57 in. Main reef leader 6.7 28 2 40 in. South reef 6.4 26 11 49 in. Total 6.3 26 6 APPENDIX 381 Resume of Operations from First Year (three months) Ending Dec. 31, 1896, to Dec. 31, 1912, inclusive.- Ore milled tons, 5,660,782; cost per ton milled, l 1 10.265; rev. per ton milled, 1 11 9.468; profit per ton milled, 9 11.203; total working profit, 2,811,591; net profit, 2,769,738. MAIN REEF WEST, LTD. Remarks. The mine is operating through several shafts. The reefs were encountered in the different shafts from 1250 ft. to 2500 ft. deep. In 1912 the stoping widths and gold contents were as follows: Main Reef Leader 56 in. 6.35 dwt. South Reef 36 in. 7 dwt. Mills operate 80 stamps at present, but have total 120, and 3 tubes. MODDERFONTEIN B GOLD MINES, LTD. Remarks. Crushing at the mine began in October, 1911. The nature of the reef formation is a rich ore-body about 12" thick, with frequent bulgings; stoped to a width of 48 inches. Dip of the reef about 14 deg. Two large shafts are operated. The mill has eighty 1650-lb. stamps and five tubes with the latest cyanide appliances. A maximum of 30,000 tons per month can be treated. The reef varies from 7 in. to 14 in. and assays 33 dwt. per ton. In 1912 the development on the reef disclosed a total of 3489 ft. averaging 15 in. and assaying 99s. 7d. per ton. Owing to flat dip and weak nature of strata the hanging wall is heavy. Systematic packing is resorted to. About 17 per cent, of area exhausted is filled with waste rock. In 1912 in mining an average of 1.7 tons was broken per shift by each native employed on hammer work at a cost of 3s. 6fd. per ton and 17 tons per shift by each rock drill machine at a cost of 3s. per ton broken. The company employs 314 whites and 1933 coloured. Working costs at the last quarter of 1912 were reduced to 16s. 5d. per ton. In 1909 a total of 4265 ft. were driven on the reef; this disclosed an average width of 14 in. averaging 22.3 dwt. In 1910, 11,295 ft. of development on the reef averaged 11.83 in. in width, assaying 32.71 dwt. During 1910 construction work on the mill was begun. NEW HERIOT GOLD MINING CO., LTD. In 1912 the stoping widths for the North Reef, Main Reef, Main Reef Leader and South Reef averaged respectively 50 in.,. 80 in., 49 in. and 51 in. Of the development work done for the year about 65 . 5 per cent, was in reef formation. This disclosed the following: Distance exposed, feet Width, inches Assay value at 84s. per oz. Main Reef 107 18 30s. 8d. Main Reef Leader 1 765 14 100 South Reef 682 12 84 5 382 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Remarks.' The property has four reefs. The average of the four as given in the reserves estimate of 1910 is stoping width of 3.87 ft. of 8.41 dwt. ore. At the croppings the reef's dip is 80 deg., but at depth they flat- ten to 40 deg. The mill has seventy 1100-lb. stamps and two tubes with capacity of about 12,000 tons per month. NEW MODDERFONTEIN GOLD MINING CO. Remarks.' The property has two reefs with values and widths shown above. About 12 per cent, of the broken rock is sorted out and rejected. The dip of the reef is about 20 deg. The mill has 180 stamps and tubes. The intention is to increase to 300 stamps and tubes which will crush about 1,100,000 tons per annum. Of the development done in 1912, 14,378 ft. was in the reef formation. The vein for this distance averaged 10 in. in width and assayed 186s. Id. OPERATIONS 1010 AND 1911 1911 1910 Revenue from gold 893,200 749,975 Working expenditures 511,400 437,137 Working profit 381,800 312,838 Tons mined 644,135 595,506 Tons milled 574 600 534,300 Working cost per ton 17.80s. 16 36s. Gold recovered per ton 31.10s. 28 07s. Profit per ton milled 13.30s. 11.71s. Net profit after taxes and cur. exp 11.20s. Resume of Working Revenue Expenditure and Profit from June, 1895, to July i, 1912. Ore milled, tons, 3,129,480; ounces gold, 1,170,111; working revenue, 4,915,643; working expenditure, 3,161,369; working profit, 1,754,273; net profit, 1,854,379; value per ton ore milled, 31s. 5d.; cost per ton ore milled, 20s. 3d.; profit per ton ore milled, 11s. 2d. NOURSE MINES, LTD. Notes.' The property has three reefs separated at the outcrop by 50 ft. and 25 ft. respectively. The dip at surface is 80 deg. and at depth 40 deg. The stoping widths, reef widths and values are : Main reef Main reef leader. . . . South reef leader. . . . 56 in. 32 in. 36s. 9d. . 43 in. 14 in. 73s. 8d. . 49 in. 16 in. 81s. Od. The mill has 260 stamps and seven tube mills with capacity of 700,000 tons per annum. Total mill extraction in 1912 was 95.8 per cent. APPENDIX 383 RANDFONTEIN CENTRAL GOLD MINING CO. Remarks. This company is the consolidation of several properties among which are the West Randfontein, Mynpach, Block A Co.'s Ferguson, Van Hulsteyn Johnstone, East Randfontein and Randfontein South. There are four reefs under development. The ore is being hoisted through five main shafts on the northern section and the same number on the southern section. A main central power plant supplies 20,000 electrical kilowatts. The reserves are calculated on a milling width of 30 in. which averages from 7 to 7.2 dwt. per ton. The mills (5 in number) have a total of 1000 stamps and tube mill operating. It is stated that with additional tubes and treatment tanks the milling capacity will be increased to 3,100,000 or 3,500,000 tons per annum. Ore reserves Dec. 31, 1912, amounted to 7,600,000 tons valued at 6.2 dwt. The water pumped at the various sec- tions varies from 13,000,000 gal. to 146,000,000 gal. In 1911 the ten main shafts on the property had an average depth of 1631 ft. The Randfontein South Gold Mining Co., Ltd., was absorbed by the Randfontein Central Gold Mining Co., Ltd., in 1911. RANDFONTEIN SOUTH GOLD MINING CO., LTD. Remarks. The absorption of this company by the Randfontein Central Gold Mining Co., Ltd., took place in 1911. Mine operations are conducted on five sections, No. 1 Stubbs, No. 1 Forges, No. 2 South, and No. 3 North and No. 4 Robinson. No. 1 Stubbs. Main shaft 983 ft. deep. Development for year, 1977 ft. No. 1 Porges. Tons mined during year, 332,497. Development in year, 10,309 ft. Water pumped during year, 61,327,982 gal. Shaft down to seventeenth level. No. 2 South. Tons mined, 310,847. Shaft down to sixteenth level. Development for year, 5465 ft. Water pumped, 111,575,824 gal. No. 3 North. Tons mined 317,606. Depth of shaft, 2272 ft. (vertical). Water pumped, 75,000,000 gal. No. 4 Robinson. Shaft to 1700 ft. vertical. Water pumped, 259,900,000 gal. ROBINSON DEEP GOLD MINING CO. Remarks. The property is operated through two main shafts which cut the reefs at about 1806 ft. and 2385, respectively. The Main Reef Leader and South Reef are the principal producers of ore. The reserves are based upon stoping widths of 48 in. for Main Leader and 30 in. for South Reef. The mills have a total of 300 stamps and tubes. ROBINSON GOLD MINING CO., LTD. Remarks. Of the three reefs, until lately only the Main Reef, Leader and South Reef have been mined. The Main Reef and Leader Reef lie 384 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD very close together, in fact, the latter rests upon the Mam Reef so that in working the Leader Reef portions of the Main Reef are broken with it. This gives a stoping width of about 80 in. The South Reef, being some distance from the others, is worked separately, with a stoping width of about 64 in. 1912 Width Value Main Reef . 28 in. 283 2d Main Reef, Leader, 35 in. 44s 3d. South Reef 22 in. 76s. 2d. The mill has 250 stamps and six tubes with the usual cyanide equipment. The mine is one of the earliest producers of the Rand, and for a long time was considered the premier mine of the district. RESULTS OBTAINED FROM JAN., 1888, TO DEC. 31, 1912 Tons mined 7,170,533 Yield per ton milled. . . 13.783 dwt. Tons sorted out 1,196,808 Working revenue 17,300,361 Per cent, sorted out 16.69 Working expenditures. 5,866,933 Tons milled 5,971,075 Gold ounces 4,115,137 Working profit 11,433,428 Revenue per ton 57s. 1 1 . 36d. Cost per ton 19 7.814 Profit per ton 38 3 . 553. ROSE DEEP, LTD. Notes. The Rose Deep No. 1 shaft intersects the South Reef at 860 ft., dip of reef 29 deg., and the Main Reef at 900 ft. The Main Reef Leader lies equidistant between the other two. The width, stoping width and assay value for these are as follows: Main Reef 21 in. 9.4 dwt. 61 in. Main Reef Leader 16 in. 11.0 dwt. 34 in. South Reef 19 in. 11.6 dwt. 54 in. Stoping Width (rough average) 57 in. The crushing plant consists of 300 stamps. Since 1907 when operation began, to Dec. 31, 1912, the following results have been obtained. Tons milled 5,184,187 Average cost 18s. 6 . 23d. Average value per ton 1 9s. 11. 5d. Profit 2,966,114 Profit per ton 11 5.3 Net profit. 2,963,506 APPENDIX 385 SUB NIGEL, LTD. 1912 1911 Stamps dropping 30 30 Days running 345 331 Duty per stamp 5.05 5.00 Tube mills 1 1 352 341 Development, feet 5269 7307 Water pumped, gallon 23,340,580 16,841,250 Ave. stoping w'd, inches 38.98 39.42 The reef was encountered at a depth of 1028 ft. The thickness was 8 in. to 10 in. of 9 to 10 dwt. rock. The crushing plant consists of 30 stamps and one tube mill, which it is contemplated to increase. Ore reserves, 8.9 dwt. VILLAGE DEEP, LTD. Remarks. The mine operates through three shafts. Two are five- compartment and the third a seven-compartment. In No. 1 shaft the reefs were encountered as follows: South Reef at 2011 ft. depth. Main Reef and Leader at 2075 ft. In the new seven-compartment shaft, South Reef was cut at 3815 ft. depth, Main Reef Leader at 3894 ft., and Main Reef at 3904 ft. The average width and value of the reefs for last quarter of 1911 were: Main Reef Leader, 22-in., 20.4 dwt., 64-in. stoping width. South Reef, 19-in., 14.3 dwt. 55 in. stoping width. The mill has 180 stamps and six tubes. The mill is being increased to have a capacity of 600,000 tons per annum. Electric power is now used throughout. The ore is trammed by an endless rope system from the shafts to the mill, distances of 1800 and 3222 ft. From 12 to 15 per cent, waste is sorted out. The following show results obtained since commencement of reduction operations (Jan 1, 1905, to Dec 31, 1912). Tons mined 3,751,136 Tons sorted out 586,626 Tons milled 3,192,027 Revenue per ton 27s. 1 . 5d. Cost per ton 19s. 11. 17d. Profit per ton 7s. 1.8d. Working revenue 4,330,088 Working expenditures 3,188,519 Working profit 1,141,1 25 386 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD VILLAGE MAIN REEF GOLD MINING CO., LTD. Remarks. The principal reefs are the Leader and South. They are 100 ft. apart and dip about 30 deg. For 1911 the widths and assay values were: Leader Reef 12 in. 38.7 dwt. 48 in. stoping width South Reef 14 in. 25 . 5 dwt. 54 in. stoping width The mill has 220 stamps and tube mill accessory. WITWATERSRAND DEEP, LTD. The cost of stoping during 1912 was as follows: Machine stoping Hand stoping Cost per fathom Cost per ton 5 12 7 1.73 4.58 3 16 6 0.92 1.08 The water pumped in 1912 amounted to 719,877,400 gal. costing 38,955 or Is. 8.73d. per ton milled after crediting 11,253 for sale of water and charging 2,519 for laying pipe. RESULT OF OPERATIONS FROM 1902 TO 1911 INCLUSIVE Tons mined 3,529,430 Tons milled 3,000,381 Screen value, dwt 8. 19 Cost per ton 18s. 5.7ld. Profit per ton 13s. 6.91d. Remarks. The reefs have been faulted and are consequently classed as two series, the North and South. Two shafts, one east and one west, develop the series. In the North series the Main Reef and Leader are close enough to be worked together, forming a stoping width of about 6 ft. In the south series the Leader Reef is worked alone owing to the non-pay values of the main reef. The ore reserves are based upon a stoping width of from 48 in. to 50 in. with an assay value of approximately 7.16 dwt. per ton. The mill has 245 stamps and tube accessory. Large amount of water pumped. Capacity of pumps 3,000,000 gal. per 24 hours. Average stoping width 50 in. WOLHUTER GOLD MINES, LTD. Remarks. The three reefs average in thickness as follows: Leader 4 ft.; South 4 ft. and Main Reef 4.5 ft. to 5 ft. The average dip at depth being about 30 deg. The property is developed by two inclined shafts in the outcrop and one vertical shaft in the dip ground. APPENDIX 387 During the year ended Oct. 31, 1912, the total footage developed was as follows: Average width, reef 24 . 1 in. Average value, reef 12.7 dwt. Average stope width 49 . 5 in. Average stope value 6.2 dwt. The mill has 120 stamps with tubes and cyanide plant with room allowed for an additional 40 stamps. MYSORE GOLD MINING CO., LTD. Vein varies from 1 ft. to 6 ft. Working by shafts to a depth of about 4000 ft. The mines have been operating since 1884. The total tonnage milled is 3,314,787 with a total gross production of 13,472,641. OOREGUM GOLD MINING CO. OF INDIA, LTD. The mine is worked through inclined shafts. Greatest depth 4610 ft. Width of vein varies from 9 in. to 3.5 ft. During the year 131,433,542 gal. water were pumped. The mine has operated since 1888 producing 1,522,612 oz. standard gold from the treatment of 2,103,152 tons of ore. Total dividends declared 1,964,838. NUNDYDROOG COMPANY, LTD. Remarks. Mine developed to 2900 ft. level. Vein narrow averaging from 8 in. to 1 ft. Method of treatment. Milling and cyanide property has electric power. Ton = 2,000 Ibs. KAPSAN MINING CONCESSIONS The mine is entered by shaft to vertical depth of 450 ft. and inclined depth of ore-body of 1020 ft. The mine is in course of development. It is proposed to erect a pyritic smelting plant of 100 tons' capacity. The mine is 81 miles by cart-road from nearest seaport. The government charges a land tax of 25 cents per seven-eighth acre per year, and 1 per cent, of gross output as royalty. SEOUL MINING CO. Remarks. Mine is operated through shaft to depth of about 700 ft. The ore-bodies are large lenticular masses of gold, copper and bismuth-bearing quartz. About 65 per cent, of the gold content is native and recovered by amalgamation. The mill consists of 40 stamps, Pierce amalgamators, concentrating tables and slime tables. The high-grade ore is shipped to Tacoma, Washington, U.S. The conditions for cheap operations are exceptionally good. Native labour is cheap and efficient. 388 . MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD THE SPASSKY COPPER MINE, LTD. The property has good widths of high-grade ore and as a mine gives much promise. Average width of ore 14 ft. Mine operated through shafts to depth of 490 ft. Company operated its own coal mine and railroad. The smelter consists of three blast furnaces and converting plant. The reports do not give full data on costs. BRITISH BROKEN HILL PROPRIETARY CO., LTD. General Remarks. The property is reached by rail from Adelaide or Port Pirie. The ore-bodies are large masses of sulphides occurring in schist formation. The ore is a lead and zinc combination carrying silver values. The mine is operated by shafts to a depth of about 1000 ft. The milling method consists of crushing and concentration. The lead values are re- moved mainly in the first stage and the tails reconcentrated to remove the zinc. The flotation process of the Minerals Separation Co. is being installed. BROKEN HILL SOUTH SILVER MINING CO. Ore-bodies worked by square-set. Massive deposits up to several hundred feet long by 200 ft. wide. Developed to 1200 ft. in depth. MOUNT BOPPY GOLD MINING CO. Sixty-head stamp mill. Higher cost per ton in 1911 due to advance in wages and reduced output in consequence of cessation of work. The cost in 1910 was 19s. 0.92d. Developed to 700-ft. level. Diminished output 1912 due to shortage of water arising from drought. ASSOCIATED NORTHERN BLOCKS (W-A.), LTD. 1912 Victorious leases: 1 Tons mined oxidized 5,007 Tons treated, oxidized 5,007 1 251 5 316 2s 8d Cost per ton : Ore extraction s. d. 4 2.142 Milling 5 3.016 1 320 Total 10 5 478 Development, feet Cost per foot 3,089 39s. 6.051d. 1 Month of September in which month production was begun. APPENDIX 389 Remarks.' The reduction plant is of 300 tons daily capacity. This plant contains rock-breakers Huntington Mills, Amalgamating Pans, Pulp Thickeners, Agitators, Vacuum Filters, Clarifiers, etc. Lode average, around 4 ft. Property developed to fourth level. GREAT BOULDER PERSEVERANCE GOLD MINING CO. Year Ending Dec. 31. 1912 1911 Aug. 1-Dec. 1, 1910 Grade ore reserves and value 5.63 dwt. 23s. lid. 5.63 dwt. 23s lid. 5.71 dwt. 24s. 3d. Tons of waste to old stopes. 15,667 11,197 31,720 Dev. (cost per foot) : 8320 feet 8660 feet 5242 feet Shaft sinking, per foot. . 18 12 1 1812 6 Driving shafting, per ft. 2 6 3.7 2 13 2 309 Cross cutting, per foot. . 2 15 7.0 2 19 4 3 14 9 Winzes & rises, per foot . 2 16 10.6' 352 479 Plat cutting, p"er foot . . . 4 19 11.3 568 5 12 5 Depth shaft, 2228 GREAT FINGALL CONSOLIDATED, LTD. Remarks. Accessibility. 600 miles by rail from Perth. Character of ore. Free milling. Character of ore-body. Quartz, reef. Width of ore-body. 8 ft. to 13 ft. Method of opening. "Shrinkage" sloping upper level; "rills" and "flat back" bottom levels. Method of mining. Shaft and levels. Bottom levels driven off a main internal shaft. Depth of mine. 2280 ft. vertically. Method of ore reduction. 40 stamp mill. Fine grinding in pans. Vacuum slimes plant. General Conditions. Normal Western Australia. KALGURLI GOLD MINES, LTD. Remarks. Accessibility. Railway to the mine from Perth. Character of ore. Gold contained in sulphide and tellurides. Character of ore-body. A "chimney" which is in places of greater width than length' no defined walls, the ore being mined to its payable limits. Method of opening. Perpendicular shafts, cross-cuts and drives. Method of mining. Mostly overhead stoping in places on shrinkage system stopes filled in with residue. Depth of mine. 1850 ft. Amount water pumped. Very little. 390 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Method of ore reduction. Crushed in ball mills, roasted, amalgamation and filter pressing, the ore being mostly reduced to a slime. General Conditions. Hot weather, climate fairly good. Wages: rock drill men in shafts, winzes and rises 14/4; rock drill men elsewhere 13/4; hammer and drill men in shafts, winzes and rises 13/4; hammer and drill men elsewhere 12/6; bracemen 13/4; firemen 12/-; truckers and shovelers 11/2; minimum wages 10/9; 44 hours week's work. Mine timber from near Perth and firewood locally, 13/9 per cord. Water 7/- per 1000 gal. LAKE VIEW AND STAR, LTD. No. stamps, 75 Duty 24 hours, 7.18. Width lode (arox.), 5 to 6 ft. Developed to depth of 2050-ft. level. Concentrates treated by roasting, sliming in cyanide agitation and filter pressing. The balance of mill products was ground to slime and cyanided by agitation and filter pressing. Remarks.' Accessibility.' On railway about 400 miles from coast. Siding into the mine. Character of ore. Refractory, occasionally telluride. Character of ore -body.' Rich shoots occurring in lode formation. Width of ore -body.' From 3 ft. up to 20 ft. in places. Method of opening. Vertical shafts ordinary methods. Method of mining. Rill stoping. Depth of mine. Lake Vein 2000 ft. Star 1000 ft. Amount water pumped. Infinitesimal. OROYA LINKS, LTD. Remarks.' Accessibility. On the railway 400 miles from coast. Character of ore.' Refractory occasionally telluride. Character of ore-body . Rich shoots occurring in lode formation. Width of ore-body. From 3 ft. up to 20 ft. in places. Method of opening.' Vertical shafts. Method of mining. Rill stoping. Depth of mine. 750 ft. Amount water pumped. Infinitesimal. Method of ore reduction. 50 stamps, tube mill. Concentrating roasting concentrates. All sliming. Vacuum filter. General Conditions.' Leases divided into three sections separated by other companies' mines. Ore reserves confined to one lease but half monthly tonnage treated is recovered from fringes of ore chutes, supposed to be worked out in other leases. APPENDIX 391 THE SONS OF GWALIA, LTD. EXPENDITURE ON DEVELOPMENT COST PER FOOT 1912 1911 Main incline shaft s. d. 26 1 .89 s. d. 21 16 2 22 Plat cutting and shaft bins 1 9.17 Driving 4 8.26 3 14 5.29 Cross cutting 3 18 11 36 3 14 10 OJ Rising . 3 1 3 06 3 6 54 Winzing 4 10 1.22 4 4 10 94 Diamond drilling Total expenditure Equiv. per ton milled 18 10.49 34,374 4s. 5.02d. 17 9.06 34,527 4s. 2.02d. Remarks. Property is situated 500 miles by rail from Perth. The character of ore is free milling the ore-bodies lenticular. The average width is 9 ft. The mine is developed by inclined shaft and levels, maximum depth 2753 ft. The method of mining is flat back and rill stopes. About 5000 gal. of water per hour are pumped. Property has 50-stamp mill. Treatment is fine grinding in pans, vacuum filter slimes plant. Ore reserves equal to 3f years' supply for mill. Mine looking very well in the bottom. YUANMI GOLD MINES, LTD. Remarks. Accessibility. Fifty miles from rail-head which in turn is about 250 miles from seaport. Character of ore. Quartz and schist. Sulphides contain .45 per cent, stibnite. Character of ore-body. Pay chutes in reef formation. Width of ore-body. Varies but averages say 4 ft. 6 in. Method of mining. Rill stoping. Method of opening. Vertical shaft and usual methods. Depth of mine. 580 ft. vertical. Method of ore reduction. (1250 Ib). 20 Head Calif ornian stamp. Amal- gamation, all sliming. Vacuum filter. Roasting sulphide ore. General Conditions. Power for treatment plant is supplied by 200 b.h.p. Crossley Gas Engine. Cambridge Patent Wood Gas Producer. Consump- tion of fuel for latter works out at 2 8s. per day. MOUNT LYELL MINING AND RAILWAY CO., LTD. General Remarks. The ore comes from the two mines in about the following proportions and grade of metal content: 392 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD Mt. Lyell Mine North Mt. Lyell Mine Ratio tons mined Copper, per cent Silver, ounces Gold, ounces .5 0.55 1.8 0.04 2 to 3. 5 6.2 1.3 0.004 During a part of 1911-12 a labour strike greatly handicapped operations and increased operation costs. The Mt. Lyell mine is operated partly by open pit and partly underground. The North Mt. Lyell is operated mainly underground. A depth of 1100 ft. by shaft is attained. The ore is a copper-iron pyrite occurring in large shoots or masses in a schist and quartz- ite formation. The company owns and operates its own railroad and coke works. The ore is smelted in pyritic blast furnaces and the matte converted. The blister copper is shipped to refineries. By-products of acid and fertilizer are sources of additional income. The entire equipment is thoroughly modern. THE TASMANIA GOLD MIN E, LTD. One drift was advanced during the year 565 ft. showing 7f ft. of 11-dwt. ore. Average width 6 to 10 ft. Shaft 1500 ft. deep. Number of stamps operating, 40. Deepest level, 1370 ft. Stamp duty per 24 hours, 4.36 tons. Method of treatment amalgamation, concentration and cyanide. KYSHTIM CORPORATION, LTD. Re*sum 1910 Operations. Total delivery, copper, 1580 tons; total profit, 64,335; ore mined, 89,509 tons; grade copper, 3.38 per cent.; total ship- ments, 72,515 tons; total blister copper produced, 1674 tons. Cost of producing copper per ton, 28 5s. Notes on 1911 Operations. In the last six months of the year the com- pany made the following costs: Per ton ore: Mining, 5.9s.; smelting, 7.4s.; trans, ore and matte, .6s.; genl. exp., 1.2s.; total, 15.1s. Per ton blister: Mining, 13.43; smelting, 16.83; trans, ore and matte, 1.34; general expense, 2.72; total, 34.32. Exchange: In 1912, Rs.9.50 = l. APPENDIX 393 ORE RESERVES CANADA Name Date Tons Grade Hedley 12-31-13 413,000 About $10.00. Hidden Creek . . . 12-31-13 9,000,000 2.3 per cent. cop. Buffalo 4_30-13 57,330 About 30 oz. sil. Cobalt Lake Crown Reserve 12-31-12 12-31-12 8-31-13 52,036 34,995 6 019 300 07 Containing 2,135,040 oz. sil About $25.00 per ton. 12-31-12 92 206 Containing 2 796 650 oz sil McKinley-Darragh Nipisaing 12-31-13 12-31-12 113,000 188,477 Containing 3,210,000 oz. sil. Containing 9,643,338 oz. sil. MEXICO AND SOUTH AMERICA Dolores. . . 12-31-12 44,500 Ave $38.22. Esperanza 12-31-12 ( 100,334 met. tons { 51,000 possible ore Profit $320,000 U. S. Cur. Buena Tierra 12-31-12 I 362,129 dump tails 301,150 Profit $362,129 U. S. Cur. No grade. Braden 12-31-13 78,000,000 Ave. 2.8 per cent, copper. Chile Copper Co 212,000,000 Ave. 2.18 per cent, copper. RESUME OPERATIONS 1913-1914 MINES OF AUSTRALIA, NEW ZEALAND, EUROPE AND ASIA AUSTRALIA NEW SOUTH WALES British Broken Hill Prop. Half yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 170,080. Per cent, lead, 14.7; zinc, 14.5%; silver, 7.3 oz. Profit, 169,800. Reserves, 3,350,000 tons. No grade stated. Broken Hill South Silver: Half yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 109,284. Percent, lead, 12.8; zinc, 11.9%; silver, 7.3 oz. Profit, 46,478. Reserves, 1,014,300 tons, av. 13% Pb., 10.9% Zn., 6.5 oz.Ag. Great Cobar: Yr. End. June 30, 1913. Tons treated, 361,566. Profit, 81,925. Prod, copper tons, 5811. Rec. 2.017 %. Gold, oz. 27,136. Rec., .0942 oz. Total silver, oz. 127,542. Rec. per ton, .4427 oz. Reserves, 2,705,161. Mount Boppy: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 64,762. Prod., 25,388 oz. Gold. Profit, 15,604. Reserves, tons 205,387. No grade stated. QUEENSLAND Mount Morgan: Half yr. end. Nov. 30, 1913. Tons treated, 123,247 and 25,632 Many Peaks. Prod, tons copper, 4354; Gold oz., 54,992. Yield Mt. Morgan, 3.125% cu. 8.5 dwts. gold. Profit, 172,845. Reserves, Smelt, ore, 3,245,000; cone, ore, 3,000,000 tons. No grade. 394 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD WESTEKN AUSTRALIA Assoc. Gold Mines of W. A.: Yr. end. Mar. 31, 1914. Tons treated 127,856. Yield, 23s. 9d. Prod. 152,105. Assoc. Northern Blocks: Yr. end. Sept. 30, 1913. Profit, 72,995. Burbanks Main Lode: Yr. end.June 30, 1913. Tons treated, 22,934. Yield, 45s. 7d. Cost 27s. 2d. Profit 18s. 5d. Profit, 21,186. Great Boulder Perseverance: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 244,841. Yield, 253,218. Profit, 6896. Reserves, 838,258 tons. 23s. 6d. Cost, 18s. 0.242d. Great Boulder Proprietary: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 189,469. Yield, 59s. Profit, 262,178. Reserves, 615,114 tons, 14.5 dwts. Great Fingall Cons.: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 64,255. Yield, 25s. 3d. In- come, 115,487. Profit, 2803. Reserves, 69,442. 39s. 2d. Ivanhoe Gold: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 239,314. Yield, 37s. 10.46d. Cost, 22s. 8.33d. Profit, 15s. 2.13d. Profit, 157,910. Reserves, 991,417 tons. 38s. 6d. Kalgurli Gold: Yr. end. July 31, 1913. Tons treated, 128,415, averaging 42s. 8d. Yield, 39s. 9d. Profit, 101,961. Lake View & Star: Yr. end. Feb. 28, 1914. Tons treated. 216,043. Yield 249,761. Profit, 33,090. Reserves tons, Lake, 79,434, 27s. lid. Star 368,604, 26s. 7d. Oroya Links: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 139,130. Yield, 21s. 6d. Profit, 15,462. Reserves, 146,775 tons, 24s. 3d. Sons ofGwalia: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Cost per ton, 18s. 3d. South Kalgurli: Yr. end. Mar. 31, 1914. Tons treated, 124,670. Prod., 133,806. Profit, 6572. Yuanmi Gold: Yr. end. June 30, 1913. Profit, 57,080. Yuanmi: Tons treated, 64,530. Yield, 34s. 0.69d. Cost, 14s. 3.5d. Oroya: Tons, 59,680. Yield, 35s. 11.45d. Cost, 21s. 1.84d. Reserves, 116,768 tons aver. 36s. 8d. NEW ZEALAND Blackwater Mines: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 45,053. Yield, 38s. 7.80d. Cost 21s. 2.78d. Profit, 17s. 5.02d. Profit, 34,982. Reserves, 104,727 tons, 9.89 dwt. Cons.GoldfieldofN.Z.: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 23,661. Yield, 31s. 11.04d. Cost, 19s. 2.99d. Profit, 12s. 8.05d. Profit, 18,456. Reserves, 25,764 tons, 10.41 dwt. Progress Mines of N.Z.: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons, 34,996. Yield, 1 3s. 10.06d. Cost, 19s. 0.91d. Profit, 4s. 9.15d. Profit, 18,492. Talisman Cons.: Yr. end. Feb. 28, 1914. Tons treated, 41,680. Yield, 5 7s. 7d. Cost, 2 7s. Profit, 126,292. Tons, 37,513, 5 5s. 6d. Waihi Gold: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 184,146. Assay value, gold, 84s. Silver, 2s. Profit, 104,743. Reserves, 764,732 tons. No grade. TASMANIA Mount Lyell: Yr. End. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 143,640. Mt. Lyell Mine: tons smelted, 89,661; 0.47% Cu; 1.83 oz. Ag; .039 oz. Au. North Mt. Lyell: Tons smelted 36,339; 5.97% Cu; 1.13 oz. Ag; .002 oz. Au. Cost per ton, 1 2s. 2.21d. Profit, 41,943. Prod. 2442 tons copper; 187,097 oz. silver; 4050 oz. gold. Reserves, Mt. Lyell, 2,202,335 tons; .531% Cu; 1.96 oz. Ag; .0275 oz. Au. North Mt. Lyell reserves 1,086,112 tons, 6.0% Cu; 1.33 oz. Ag; .005 oz. Au. Tasmania Gold: Yr. end. Sept. 30, 1913. Tons treated, 53,812. Prod., oz. 21,174. Loss, 3,028. APPENDIX 395 INDIA Champion Reef: Yr. end. Sept. 30, 1914. Tons treated, .220,511, Yield, 510,736. Cost, 26s. 6d. Profit, 218,000. Ore reserves, 404,125 tons. Nundydroog: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 90,650. Yield, 17 dwt. 16 grs. Cost, 1 10s. 4d. Profit, 144,098. Reserves, 150,650 tons. Mysore: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 302,662. Yield, 15 dwt. 15 grs. Cost, 1 3s. 6.56d. Profit, 490,268. Reserves, 1,377,102 tons. Ooregum: Yr. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons treated, 153,636. Yield, 360,888. Reserves, 186,947 tons. EUROPE & SIBERIA Kyshtim: Yr. end. May 1, 1914. Tons, 361,000. Cost per ton refined, 36, 16s. Prod. Cu, 7971 long tons. Profit, 311,578. Reserves, 356,000 tons, 3% Cu. Spassky: 15 mos. end. Dec. 31, 1913. Tons, 43,591. Grade, 22 % Cu. Profit, 226,318. Reserves, 12,643 tons 20% Cu. PROPERTIES NOT FOUND IN BOOK PROPER TEMISKAMING MINING CO. COBALT, CANADA Yr. ended Dec. 31, 1913: Silver, oz. 739,726. Net profit, $117,574. Stoped, 300,182 cu. ft. Cost to surface $5.23. Av. grade, 26.4 oz. Tons shipped, 55.4. Assay value, 4619 oz. Tons treated, 32,307. Av. per ton, 18.5 oz. Silver oz. produced, 483,796. Tons cone. 936. Rec. per cent., 81. Ratio of cone., 62-1. Cost per ton treated, $2.52. Cost per oz., 16.8j<. Total cost per ton, $9.60. Per oz., 41.9><. Net. aft. revenue, $9.54 and 41.7jl. Total xiev. to date 21,852 ft. TRETHEWEY SILVER COBALT COBALT, CANADA Yr. ended Dec. 31, 1913: Prod., 619,427 oz. silver. Gross value, $365,565. Net aft. mkt., etc., $334,769. Operating exp., $204,072. Net profit, $130,696. Tons shipped, 587. Total silver contents 599,035 oz. Cost mkt. 5.27 ?< per oz. Tons treated mill. 35,282. Value 21.24 oz. Cost per ton: Dev., $1.07; Break and stoping, $2.28. Cost per ton milled, $1.46. Genl., $0.93. Markt. ore cone, and bull., $0.90. Total aft. prospecting, int., etc., $6.65. Total dev. to date, 20,984 ft. THE LUCKY TIGER COMBINATION GOLD MINING CO. YZABAL SONORA, MEXICO U. S. Currency 2000 Ib. tons Operations, 1912: Income, $1,683,973. Oper. Exp., $947,939. Oper. profit, $736,034. Ore broken, 49,480. High grade sorted, 1,152 tons. This ore is high in silver and averaged 348 oz. Ore milled, 67,832. Averaging gold, 0.138 oz. and silver, 28.25 oz. Costs: Min., $2.541; Dev., $0.715; Trans., $. 112; Mill., $4.81; Genl. $.738; Mkt. taxes and cone., $3.287; Mkt. bull $.784; Total $12.98. The mine is opened by tunnel and shaft. Vein formation not of great width. Ore is concentrated. Cone, and high grade shipped. Tailings cyanided. Mine is 30 miles from Yzabal. Railway at Yzabal. Property 60 miles south of U. S. border. 396 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD AMPARO MINING COMPANY ETZATLAN JALISCO, MEXICO U. S. Currency Operations year ending Mar. 27, 1913. Gross Prod., $889,225. Total profit, $358,131. Metric tons milled, 92,365. Value rec., $9.627. Recovery, 90.7. Cost per metric ton: Min. anddev., $2.498; Ore to mill, $.211; Mill, $1.621; Mkt., $.151; Dumps, $0.083; Genl., $.616; Dep., $.442. Phila. office, $.098; Taxes U. S. State and Income. $.142; Total, $5.862; Total aft. int., $5.85. Ore reserves, 559,099 tons. Property located several miles from railway. Has wagon haul. Mine opened by shaft to 1300 ft. Ore silver-gold. Mining by shrinkage system. Treatment, concentration and cyaniding. Concentrates shipped to Monterey. OROYA LEONESA, LTD. SAN RAMON, NICARAGUA, C. A. Revolution and inadequate labor supply seriously interfered with operations. We give below operations for Mar. 1913 which seems to be an average month for 1913. Tons treated, 1906. Grade ore, 37/2. Tailings, 6/9. Recovery, 81.83. Total yield, 2093. Per ton, 21/10. Working cost per ton, 23/5. Property located 9 miles from Matagalpa, 120 miles from R. R. at Leon. Ore occurs in fault fissure. Vein width approx., 5 ft. Values, $10 U. S. currency. Ore is oxides of iron and manganese with quartz. Dev. by tunnel. Mill is 20 stamp and cyanide plant. Power from gas plant. Haulage by ox cart. Ore reserves 95,358 tons, 39.7s. PREMIER (TRANSVAAL) DIAMOND MINING CO., LTD. SOUTH AFRICA Operations year ending Oct. 31, 1912: Income, 2,004,943. Profit, 840,656. Loads hauled (16 cu. ft.), 10,404,378. Loads washed, 9,707,098. Carats found, 1,992,474. Yield per load carats, .205. Value per load, 4s. 1.57d. Costs: Mining and tramming, Is. 3.84d.; Sorting and washing, Os. 4.896d.; Compound expenses, Os. 3.575d.; Genl. and motive power, Os. 3.30d.; Per load mined and washed, 2s. 3.667d.; Total inc. genl. office ex., 2s. 4.74d.; Number natives employed, 13,363. Whites, 803. The workable area is approximately 80 acres in extent. Property is worked by open cut mining. UTAH APEX MINING CO. BINQHAM, UTAH, U. S. A. Operations 1913: Receipts: Shipping Ore, $453,549. Mill Ore, $238,713. Total after royalties, $702,756. Expenses, $483,054. Profit, $217,702. Lbs. lead prod., 25,376,222 . Silver, oz., 470,556. Tons dry: Mined, 119,342; Shipped, 71,951; Milled, 47,390. Tons concentrates, 13,735. Grade shipping ore: Lead, 12.3%; Silver, 5.2 oz. Cost per ton combined ore: Mining, $2.588, Dev. $.882, Genl. Exp., $.233. Total, $3.703. ST. JOHN DEL REY MINING CO., MORRO VELHO, MINAS GERAES BRAZIL, S. A. Morro Velho Mine, tons 2240 Ibs. Year ending Feb. 28, 1913: Tons stamped, 172,208; av. 6.38 Oitavas. Oz. gold, 92,906. Value silver and gold, 396,109. Profit, 118,471. Yield per ton, Oitavas 5.96. Yield APPENDIX 397 first process, 24s. 9d.; second process, 21s. 3d.; total, 46s. Od. Realized per Oitava refined 9s. 9d. Extraction first process, 50.62 % ; second, 42.73 % ; total, 93.35 % . Cost per ton min. mill, and working cost Brazil, 29s. 4$d. Dev., 6Jd. London exp., 3^d- StateandFed.gov. duties and transport charges, 2s. Old- Total cost, 3.2s. 2fd. Profit, 15s. 9Jd. Year ending Feb. 28-14: Tons, 174,000. Yield, 47s. 7d. Yield, 97,208 oz. Cost, 283,166. Profit, 131,244. Ore reserves, tons 887,400. Remarks. Property worked since 1834. Depth mine Feb. 4, 1913, 5226 ft. Depth to surface vertical line over shaft, 5596 ft. These are probably deepest workings in the world, exceeding slightly the Tamarack's which are over a mile. Mill consists of 130 stamps and 7 tubes. BACKUS & JOHNSTON CO. CASAPALCA, PERU Year ending Dec. 31, 13: Smelting profit, 65,689. Tons received at smelter, 91,266, con- taining 2,259,130 oz. silver, and 5163 short tons copper. In addition 8260 tons high- grade ore were shipped to N. Y. Could not be profitably handled without converters. Tons smelted, 86,157. Matte produced, 8104. Net value, 507,224. In 1913 Casapalca prod. 20,800 tons of dressed ore and cone, and morococha, 49,763 tons. Property is located 20 miles from Casapalca, Peru. Company operated Natividad and Casapalca mines. Mines carry high-grade copper and silver ores in vein formation. Width moderate. Casapalca opened by tunnel. Has 2000 ft. backs. Lode proven for over 2000 meters. Has 300-ton mill and 500-ton smelter. Converter plant and hydro-elect, plant installed in 1913. CERRO DE PASCO PERU, SOUTH AMERICA Cerro de Pasco Mining Co. is the largest copper producer in South America. Production 1913, 43,865,329 Ibs. of copper. Property located 228 miles by rail from Callao at an altitude of 14,300 ft. The mines have been producers for several hundred years, having been formerly worked for their silver ores. The company's holdings include a large number of mines, opened by shafts and tunnels. The method of mining is square setting, Oregon fir and native timber being used. The ore occurs principally in fissure veins, the greatest mineralization occurring at the intersection of the main vein system with cross veins, where the deposits are large and irreg- ular. The geology of the district is very complex, the predominating rocks being limestones and rhyolites. The ores are mostly primary, though secondary ores are present. Chal- copyrite and enargite are common, though various arsenides and antimonides of copper are to be found. The ruby silvers are common, also galena and sphalerite. The ores are smelted direct. Smelter 9 miles from mine. Plant consists of 5 blast fur- naces, 5 reverberatory and 3 basic converters. Hydro-electric plant generating 12,000 horse- power is located at Oroya, 70 miles from smelter. Company owns and operates coal mines within 20 miles of smelter; make their own coke. Company also owns Cerro de Pasco Ry. connecting property with Central Ry. of Peru at Oroya. Cost data and silver and gold contents not available. WALLAROO AND MOONTA SOUTH AUSTRALIA Year ending Dec. 31, 13:* Production smelter, 7112 tons refined copper, 2161 oz. gold and 1000 oz. silver. Profit, $259,000. Ore mined, 161,874 tons 3% copper. Sorted to 60,649 398 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD tons 8.54%, and 621 tons 12.29%. Old tails treated, 52,789 tons by leaching. Prod. 965 tons, 78.3 % Cu. Costs. Min., $5.60. Ore Dressing, $1.42. Trans., $.25. Smelt., $1.98. Genl. Exp., $.18. Flotation process employed on tails. Depth Wallaroo mine shaft 1913, 2550 ft. * Total Copper Prod, to end 1913: 283,682 tons. Ore mined, 10,200,000 tons 3% Cu. Total dividends, $10,704,000. Remarks. Company operates two mines, Wallaroo and Moonta, situated on York Peninsula, South Australia. Veins are fissures in schist and porphyry varying from few feet to 20 and 25 ft. in width. Veins are productive for great length. Shoots are short. Ore principally chalcopyrite. Ore is sorted. Method mining overhand stoping and filling. * Published by permission of Mining & Scientific Press. THE ZINC CORPORATION, LIMITED Year ending Dec. 31, 1913: Net profit, 22; ,680. Lead concentrator treated 162,956 tons av. 14.7% Pb., 2.6 oz. Ag., and 8.95% Zn. Produced 30,680 tons Cone., av. 66.2% Pb., 9.27 oz. Ag., 6.4% Zn. and 36,536 tons zinc middlings av. 15,6% Zn., 1.9 oz. Ag., and 5.1% Pb. The Lyster process is employed. Extraction lead av. 84.7%. The zinc concen- trator treated 350,120 tons tailings, av. 14.6% Zn. 5.95 oz. Ag., and 5.7% Pb. This yielded 102,850 tons. Flotation Cone. av. 44.2% Zn, 12.1 oz. Ag., and 12.5% Pb. This product was retreated by the Horwood Process. Costs. Mining Dept. 15s. 8.93d. Tailings at zinc cone., 10s. 2d., of which 9d. was cost wood plant. Ore Reserves 971,784 tons av. 14.8% Pb. 2.4 oz. Ag., 9.5% Zn. OPERATING RESULTS 1913-1914 ALASKA MEXICAN 1913 Operations: Gross prod., $496,007. Profit, $171,797. Tons milled, 227,112. Value per ton rec., $2.156. Value free, $.9923. Gross value, $2.30. Value sulph., $1.16. Profit per ton, $.7564. Cost per ton: Min. and dev., $.907; Mill,. $.251; Sulph. exp., $.0923; Total cost, $1.4276. De- velop., ft. 2464. ALASKA TREADWELL 1913 Operations: Gross prod., $2,358,422. Gross profit, $2,421,015. Profit, $1 ,223 438. Tons milled, 886,057. Value rec. per ton, $2.66. Value, per ton free, $1.3787. Per ton sulph., $1.283. Gross per ton, $2.84. Profit per ton, $1.408. Cost per ton: Min. and dev., $.8271; Mill., $.2476; Sulph. exp., $.088; Total cost, $1.2533. ALASKA UNITED 1913 Operations: Ready Bullion Claim . . . Gross Prod., $511,391. Profit, $187,789. Tons milled, 222,992. Value rec., $2.29. Free gold, $1.2t)3 Sulph., $.089. Gross value, $2.48. Profit, $.842. Cost per ton: Min. and dev., $1.03; Milling, $.267; Sulph., $.105; Total, $1.45. 700 Claim: Gross prod. $532,153. Profit, $206,483. Tons milled, 225,135. Value rec., $2.36. Free gold, $1.26. Sulph., $1.10. Profit, $.9159. , APPENDIX 399 Cost per ton: Min. and dev., $1.058; Mill., $2.255; Sulph., $.088; Total, $1.444. BUFFALO MINES 1913 Operations: Prod., $1,385,473. Profit, $891,192. Oz. silver 2,235,852. Mill ore, 55,783 tons. Av. oz. silver, 45.83. Rec., 82.64. Ore shipped, 35.5 tons. Cost per oz., $.2241. BUTTE AND SUPERIOR 1913 Operations: Income after freight and penalties, $2,676,652. Ex- penses,^!, 738,858. Net profit, $937,794. Tons treated, 296,940. Lb. zinc in cone!, 102,102,868. Grade, 49 per cent. Tons lead cone., 2,269. Grade, 39.4 per cent. Per cent, zinc cone., 49 per cent. Grade ore, 19.89 per cent, zinc, 1.69 per cent. lead. Recovery zinc, 86.43 per cent. Costs: Mining, $3.09; Milling, $2.69; Miscl., $.069; Total $5.856. Profit per ton, $3.158. CALUMET AND HECLA 1913 Operations: Prod., 45,016,890 Ib. Tons stamped, 2,035,625. Lb. per ton, 22.11. Price copper, 15.77ff. Cost at mine, $2.38. Cost per Ib., 14.25jzf. Conglomerate Lode: Lb., 32,731,768. Tons, 1,175,259. Pounds, 27.85. Mine cost, $2.99. Per Ib., 12.67^. Osceola Lode: Prod., 12,051,238 Ib. Tons 842,162. Pounds 14.31. Mine cost, $1.53. Per Ib., 12.62^. Kearsarge Lode: Pounds, 233,915. Tons 18,203. Stamp Mills: Prod.. 1,529,097. Tailings crushed, 388,164. Lb. copper per ton treated, 11.92. Lb. saved, 3.94. Cost per Ib., 5.87^. DOME MINES COMPANY, LTD. Year ended March 31, 1914. Gross, $1,204,597. Profit after operating cost, $756,433. Net earnings, $591,779. After dep., $457,695. Tons mined 163,177. Sent to mill, 144,281 tons. Of this 121,800 were from surface pits, 4,782 underground and 17,699 development. Tons milled, 145,305. Value $8.77. Rec. $8.29. Rec. 94.5 per cent. By amal. 60.7 per cent. By cyanide 39.3 per cent. Stamp duty, 10.6 tons. Cost per ton milled: Min.. $0.68; Hoisting, $.07; Crush, and convey., $.25; Stamp, tube and amal., $.86; Thick cyanide and precip., $.50; Ref. $.08; Genl., $.64; Total, $3.08. Develop., $1.11. GOLDFIELD CONSOLIDATED Year ending Dec. 31, 1913. Prod., $4,942,828. Profit, $2,731,944. Tons milled, 330,217. Value per ton, $14.88. Rec., $13.69. Cost per ton: Stop- 400 MINING COSTS OF THE WORLD ing and dev.,$3.41; Trans., $.08; Mill., $1.51; Cone., $.31; Markt. bullioi $.05; Markt. shipping ore, $.44; Genl. exp., $.31; Taxes, $.54; Total, $6.34 Total aft. misc., $6.28. Operat. profit, per ton, $7.86. Net prof, less const. $7.82. Dev. ft., 38,696. GREENE-CANANEA 1913 Operations: Total Ib. copper, 44,480,514. Total net income $2,244,990. Copper, price, 15. 1^. Cost per Ib., 9.63^. GREENE-CONSOLIDATED 1913 Operations: Total copper, 44,480,514. Domestic, 40,641,484. Gross, value, $7,576,138. Net profit $2,186,260. Copper metal, 15.01^. Ore treated, 757,460 tons. Ore milled, 343,081. Rec. cop. dom. ore, 2.405 per cent. Costs: Mining total, $2.89. Milling, etc., $.716; Smelting, $2.545, Total cost per Ib., 9.547^. NIPISSING MINING CO. Year ending Dec. 31, 1913. Silver, oz. 4,552,173. Value, $2,756,612. Profit, $1,660,271. Tons ore and cone., shipped 1,328. Tons treated high grade mill, 1200. Av. 2254 oz. Tons treated Custom mill, 77,240. Av. oz. 27.18. Ext. per cent., 91.85. Profit on production, 60.2 per cent. Price silver, 60.26^. Cost, per oz.: Min.; $.1489; Cone, and mill., $.0811 Dep., $.0135; Markt., .0052; Corp. exp., $.0026; Total, $.2513; Total aft. income, $.2409. In 1913 the low grade was treated in the Company's low grade mill at a cost of $4.132 per ton ore. UTAH CONSOLIDATED 1913 Operations : Total income, $2,151,435. Expenses, $1,554,965. Opera- ting profit, $596,470. Profit aft. dev., $636,470. Copper, Ib. 7,710,668. Lead, Ib. 19,208,063. Tons mined and shipped, 251,966. Copper ore shipped, 181,077. Grade, 1.98 percent. Lead ore shipped, 70,889 tons. 15.05 per cent. Cost per ton: Min., $2.51; Exp. and dev., $.63; Trans, and smelt., $2.48; Genl., $.17; Ref. frt. etc., $.37; Total, $6.16. Development, 20,510 ft. ALPHABETICAL INDEX Abangarez Goldfields of Costa Rica, 209 Africa, Mines of, 227 Aguacate Mines, 210 Ahmeek Mining Co., 78 Alaska Gold Mines Co., 3 Juneau Gold Mining Co., 5 Mexican Gold Mine Co., 8, 398 Mines of, 3 Treadwell Gold Mining Co., 7, 398 United Mines, 9, 398 . Allouez Mining Co., 79 Alvarado Mining & Milling Co., 190 Amalgamated-Anaconda Properties, 103 Amparo Mining Co., 396 Anaconda Copper Mining Co., 103 Arakawa Mine, 299 Argonaut Mining Co., 36 Arizona, Copper Co., Ltd., 21 Mines of, 12 Asia, Mines of, 293 Associated Gold Mines of Western Australia, Ltd., 311, 394 Northern Blocks (W. A.), Ltd., 312, 394 Australia, Mines of, 306 B Backus & Johnson Co., 397 Baltic Mining Co., 80 Bantjes Consolidated Mines, Ltd., 240, Barima Mine, 221 Batopilas Mining Co., 190 Bear River Mining Co., 50 Beatson Copper Co., 10 Beck Tunnel Consolidated Mining Co., Bingham Mines Co., 139 Bisbee camp, Arizona, description of, 14, Mines of, 14 Blackwater Mines, Ltd., 331, 394 Bolivia, Mines of, 220 Boston. & California Co., 49 & Croville Co., 48 Consolidated Copper & Gold Mining Co., 145 Braden Copper Co., 222 Brakpan Mines, Ltd., 240-243 Brazil, Mines of, 219 British Broken Hill Proprietary Co., Ltd., 306, 393 Columbia, Mines of, 153 copper property, 155 Guiana, Mines of, 221 Britannia Mining & Smelting Co., Ltd., 156 Broken Hill South Silver Mining Co., 307, 393 Bucks Reef Gold Mines, Ltd., 235 Buena Tierra Mining Co., Ltd., 191 Buffalo Mines, Ltd., 171, 399 Bunker Hill & Sullivan Mining & Cone. Co. , 71 Burbanks Main Lode (1904), Ltd., 313, 394 Butte & Superior Copper Co., Ltd., 109, 399 Camp, brief description of, 101 Butterfly-Terrible Gold Mining Co., 64 Butters-Divisadero Co., 216 Salvador Mines, 216 Calaveras Copper Co., 54 California, Mines of, 36 242 Calumet & Arizona (New), 14 Mining Co., 15 & Hecla Mining Co., 81, 399 comparative statement covering 11- yr. period, 84-85 138 Camp Bird, Ltd., 65 Canada Copper Corporation, 160 347 Canadian Mines, ore reserves of, 393 Candaleria Land, Mining & Power Co., 202 Cape Colony, Mines of, 229 Copper Co., Ltd., 229 401 402 INDEX Centennial Copper Mining Co., 86 Central administration, mines under, Messrs. H. Eckstein & Co., 238 America, Mines of, 209 and West Boulder Gold Mines, Ltd., 314 Mine, Transvaal Gold Mining Estates, 240, 244 Centre Star Mine, 159 Cerro de Pasco Mining Co., 397 Champion Copper Co., 87 Reef Gold Mining Co. of India, Ltd., 293, 395 Chief Consolidated Mining Co., 139 Chihuahua, Mexico, Mines of, 190 Chile Copper Co., 223 Mines of, 222 Chino Copper Co., 133 Churn drill costs, Ely, Nevada, 129 Cinderella Consolidated Gold Mines, Ltd., 240-245 City and Suburban Gold Mining & Estate Co., Ltd., 240-247 Deep, Ltd., 240-246 Clifton, Morenci Dist., 21 Cobalt Camp, Canada, Mines of, 171 brief description of, 171 and Porcupine, labor wage scale, 179 Lake Mining Co., Ltd., 172 Colombia, Mines of, 225 Colorado Gold Dredging Co., 69 Mine of, 58 Cia. Corocoro de Bolivia, 220 Compania de Minas la Blanca y Anexas, 203 Compagnie du Boleo, 189 Compania Minera las Dos Estrellas, 197 Consolidated Goldfields of New Zealand, Ltd., 332, 394 Gold Fields of South Africa, 239 Langlaagte Mines, Ltd., 240-248 Main Reef Mines and Estate, Ltd., 240-250 Mercur Gold Mines Co., 137 Mining & Smelting Co. of Canada, Ltd., 157 Continental Zinc Co., 110 Copper Queen Consolidated Mining Co., 17 Range Consolidated Co., 88 Costa Rica, Mines of, 209 Creston-Colorada Co., 182 Cripple Creek District, Colorado, 58 Crown Mines, Ltd., 240-251 Reserve Mining Co., Ltd., 173 Daly-Judge Mining Co., 140 West Mining Co., 141 Davis-Daly Copper Co., 105 De Beers Consolidated Mines, Ltd., 230 Detroit Copper Mining Co. of Arizona, 23 Dolores Mines Co., 193 Dominion of Canada, Mines of, 153 Dome Mines Co., Ltd., 167, 399 Durango, Mexico, Mines of, 202 Durban-Roodepoort Deep, Ltd., 240-252 Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 254 E Eagle & Blue Bell Mining Co., 142 East Butte Copper Co., 106 Rand Proprietary Mines, Ltd., 240, 255 Elandsdrift Mine, Transvaal G. M. Est., Ltd., 240, 256 Eldorado Blanket Gold Mining Co., 232 Elkton Cons. Min. & Mill. Co., 58 El Oro District, Mexico, Mines of, 197 Mining & Railway Co., Ltd., 198 Paso Con. Gold Mining Co., 59 Rayo Mines Co., 194 English weights and money, table of, 229 Esperanza Mining Co., 199 Europe, Mines of, 339 Falcon Mines, Ltd., 232 Federal Lead Co., 115 Mining & Smelting Co., 72 Ferreira Deep, Ltd., 240-257 Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 257 First National Copper Co., 56 Florence Goldfield Mining Co., 116 Frontino & Bolivia Gold Mining Co., Ltd. 225 Fujita Company, 296 Gaika Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 233 Geldenhuis Deep, Ltd., 240-258 INDEX 403 Germany, Mines of, 343 Ginsberg Gold Mining Co., 240-259 Giroux Consolidated Mines Co., 125 Glencairn Main Reef G. M. Co., Ltd., 260 Globe District, Arizona, Mines of, 30 Golden Horse-Shoe Estates Co., Ltd., 315 Goldfield, Nevada, District, 116 Consolidated Mining Co., 117, 399 Granby Consolidated Mining, Smelting & Power Co., Ltd., 161 Great Boulder Perseverance Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 316, 394 Proprietary Gold Mines, Ltd., 317, 394 Cobar, Ltd., 308, 393 Fingall Consolidated, Ltd., 318, 394 Greene-Cananea Copper Co., 184, 400 Greene-Consolidated Copper Co., 185, 400 Guanajuato District, Mexico, Mines of, 206 Consolidated Mining & Milling Co., 206 Reduction & Mines Co., 207 Guerrero, Mexico, Mines of, 208 Hainault Gold Mine, Ltd., 319 Hedley Gold Mining Co., 153 Hidalgo State, Mexico, Mines of, 202 Hidden Creek Copper Co., 163 Hisaichi Mine, 299 Hollinger Gold Mines, Ltd., 168 Homestake Mining Co., 134 Honduras, Mines of, 212 Idaho, Mines of, 71 Ikuno Mine, 301 India, Mines of, 293 Inspiration Consolidated Copper Co., 30 Iron Blossom Consolidated Mining Co., 143 Silver Mining Co., 67 Isle Royale Copper Co. of New Jersey, 89 Ivanhoe Gold Corporation, Ltd., 320, 394 Jalisco State, Mexico, Mines of, 208 Japan, Mines of, 296 Joplin Missouri District, Four Zinc Mines of, 113 Jupiter Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 261 Kalgurli Gold Mines, Ltd., 322, 394 Kapsan Mining Concessions, 303 Kanayama Mine, 301 Kennicott Mines Co., 11 Kerr Lake Mining Co., Ltd., 174 Knight Central, Ltd., 240-262 Knights Deep, Ltd., 240-263 Korea, Mines of, 303 Kosaka Copper Mine, 296 Kyshtim Corporation, Ltd., 341, 395 La Dura Mill & Mining Co., 183 Lake Copper Company, 90 Superior Copper District, brief descrip- tion of, 76 View and Star, Ltd., 323, 394 Lancefield Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 324 Langlaagte Estate, 240 La Rose Consolidated Mines Co., Ltd., 175 Leadville District, Colorado, 67 Liberty Bell Gold Mining Co., 65 Lone Star Mining Co., 213 Lower California, Mexico, Mines of, 189 Lucky Tiger Combination G. M. Co., 395 M Magma Copper Co., 35 Main Reef West, Ltd., 240, 265 Makimine Mine, 301 Mansfield copper, 343 Mason Valley Mines Co., 130 Mass Consolidated Mining Co., 92 McKinley-Darragh-Savage Mines, Ltd., 176 Melones Mining Co., 37 Mexican Mines of El Oro, Ltd., 200 ore reserves of, 393 standard money and weights, 206 Mexico, Mines of, 182 Miami Copper Co., 31 Michigan, Mines of, 76 Missouri, Mines of, 110 Mitsu Bishi Co., 298 Moctezuma Copper Co., 187 Modderfontein B. Gold Mines, Ltd., 240, 266 Mohawk Mining Co., 91 Montana, Mines of, 101 Montana-Tonopah Mining Co., 118 404 INDEX Montezuma Mines of Costa Rica, 211 Mother Lode section, operating costs of California gold mines, 46 Motherlode Sheep Creek Mining Co., 154 Mount Boppy Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 309, 393 Lyell Mining & Railway Co., Ltd., 336, 394 Morgan Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 310, 393 Mysore Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 294, 395 N Natomas Consolidated of California, 38 Nevada, Mines of, 116 Consolidated Copper Co., 127 Douglas Copper Co., 131 Hills Mining Co., 119 New Dominion Copper Co., Ltd., 164 Newfoundland, Mines of, 179 New Heriot Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 240, 267 Kleinfontein, 240 Mexico, Mines of, 133 Modderfontein Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 240, 268 Primrose Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 240-269 Rietfontein Estate Gold Mines, Ltd., 240-270 South Wales, Mines of, 306 Unified Main Reef Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 240-271 York & Honduras Rosario Mining Co., 212 Zealand, Mines of, 331 Nicaragua, Mines of, 213 Nipissing Mining Co., Ltd., 177, 400 North America, Mines of, 1 Butte Mining Co., 107 Star Mines Co., 45 Nourse Mines, Ltd., 240, 272 Nundydroog Company, Ltd., 295, 395 Ohio Copper Co., 146 Old Dominion Copper Mining & Smelting Co., 33 Omodani Mine, 300 Omori Mine, 297 Ontario, Mines of, 167 Ooregum Gold Mining Co. of India, Ltd., 294, 395 Oriental Consolidated Mining Co., 304 Oroville Dredging Co., Ltd., 47 Exploration Co., 49 Oroya Leonesa, Ltd., 396 -Links, Ltd., 325, 394 Osaka Metallurgical Works, 302 Osaruzawa Mine, 299 Osceola Consolidated Mining Co., 93 Ouro Preto Gold Mines of Brazil, Ltd., 219 Pachuca District, Mexico, Mines of, 202 Pacific Gold Dredging Co., 51 Park City District, Utah, 140 Pato Property, 226 Penn Mining Co., 53 Peru, South America, Mines of, 225 Phelps-Dodge & Co., 16 Pittsburgh Silver Peak Mining Co., 123 Planet Arcturus Gold Mines, Ltd., 233 Porcupine Camp, Canada, Mines of, 167 labor wage scale, 179 Crown Mines, Ltd., 170 Portland Gold Mining Co., 60 Premier Diamond Mining Co., Ltd., 396 Progress Mines of New Zealand, Ltd., 333, 394 Queensland, Mines of, 310 Quest Gold Mining & Development Co. Ltd., 273 Quincy Mining Co., 95 E Randfontein Central Gold Mining Co., Ltd. 240-274 South Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 275 Ray Central Copper Mining Co., 28 Consolidated Copper Co., 29 District, Arizona, Mines of, 28 Rhodesia, Mines of, 232 Rio Plata Mining Co., 195 Tinto Co., Ltd., 343 Robinson Deep Gold Mining Co., Ltd. 240-276 Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 240-277 Rose Deep, Ltd., 240-278 Round Mountain Mining Co., 116 Russia, Mines of, 341 INDEX 405 s Sado Mine, 300 Salvador, Mines of, 216 San Juan District, Colorado, 64 Pedro Copper Co., 188 Santa Gertrudis Co., Ltd., 204 San Toy Mining Co., 196 Selukwe Columbia Gold Mines, Ltd., 234 Seoul Mining Co., 305 Shamra Mines, Ltd., 234 Shannon Copper Co., 24 Shattuck-Arizona Copper Co., 19 Siberia, Mines of, 305 Siempre Viva Mine, 215 Silver King Coalition Mines Co., 144 Simmer and Jack Proprietary Mines, Ltd., 240-280 Deep, Ltd., 240-279 Snowshoe Mine, 165 Snowstorm Mining Co., 75 Sonora, Mexico, Mines of, 182 Sons of Gwalia, Ltd., 326, 394 South American Mines, ore reserves of, 393 America, Mines of, 217 Australia, Mines of, 310 Dakota, Mines of, 134 Kalgurlia Gold Mines, Ltd., 327, 394 Utah Mines & Smelters, 147 Spain, Mines of, 343 Spassky Copper Mine, Ltd., 305, 395 St. John Del Rey Mining Co., 396 Joseph Lead Co., 115 Standard Consolidated Mining Co., 52 State of Mexico, Mines of, 197 Stewart Mining Co., 74 Stratton's Independence, Ltd., 61 Sub Nigel, Ltd., 240-282 Sullivan Mine, 166 Sumitomo Besshi Copper Mine, 302 Superior & Pittsburgh Copper Co., 20 Copper Company, 96 Surina Mining & Smelting Co., 208 Temiskaming Mining Co., Ltd., 395 Tennessee, Mines of, 136 Copper Co., 136 Tharsis Sulphur & Copper Co., Ltd., 343 Tilt Cove Establishment, 179 Togi Mine, 302 Tomboy Gold Mines Co., Ltd., 66 Tom Reed Gold Mines Co., 12 Tonopah, Nevada, Mines of, 118 -Belmont Development Co., 120 Extension Mining Co., 121 Mining Co., 123 Transvaal, South Africa, Mines of, 236 Gold Mining Estates, Ltd., 240, 241, 244, 256, 283 Industry, 236 Mines, operating results 1913-14, 240 Tretheway Silver Cobalt Mine, Ltd., 395 Trimountain Mining Co., 98 Tuolumne Copper Mining Co., 108 U United States, Mines of, 3 Smelting, Refining & Mining Co., 148 Verde Copper Co., 26 Utah, Mines of, 137 Apex Mining Co., 396 Consolidated Mining Co., 149, 400 Copper Co., 150 Vaalhoek Mine, 240-283 Van Ryn Gold Mines Estate, Ltd., 240-284 Deep, 240 Victoria Copper Mining Co., 99 Village Deep, Ltd., 240-285 Main Reef Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 240- 286 Vindicator Gold Mining Co., 63 Voight's Camp, 160 Takara Mine, 299 Talisman Consolidated, Ltd., 334, 394 Tamarack Mining Co. of Michigan, 97 Tasmania, Mines of, 336 Gold Mine, Ltd., 337, 394 W Waihi Gold Mining Co., Ltd., 335, 394 Wallaroo & Monta Min. & Smelt. Co., Ltd., 397 406 INDEX Wage scale, United States and Canada, 152 Wasp No. 2 Mining Co., 134 Webb City, Missouri, representative costs, 112 Western Australia, Mines of, 311 West End Consolidated Mining Co., 122 Rand Consolidated, Ltd., 240-284 Wettlaufer-Lorrain Silver Mines, Ltd., 178 Witwatersrand Deep, Ltd., 240, 287 Gold Mines, 236 Mining Co., Ltd., 240-288 Wolhuter Gold Mines, Ltd., 240-289 Wolverine Mining Co., 100 Yak Mining, Milling & Tunnel Co., 68 Yellow Pine Mining Co., 132 Yoshioka Mine, 301 Yuanmi Gold Mines, Ltd., 328, 329, 394 Yuba Consolidated Gold Fields, 53 Yukon Gold Co., 180 Yuma Gold Mine, 13 Zinc corporation, 398 Issues Co., Ill Zuiho Gold Mine, 298 M127163 THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY