i 
 
 178 
 
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 THOMAS PAINE: 
 
 A CELEBRATION. 
 
 DELIVERED IN THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, 
 CINCINNATI, OHIO, JANUARY 29, 1860. 
 
 BY M. D. CON WAY, 
 
 MINISTER OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 CINCINNATI: 
 
 PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF -THE DIAL," 
 
 NO. 76 WEST THIRD STREET. 
 
 1860. 
 
 S. G. COBB, Printer, Times Building. 
 
THOMAS PAINE: 
 
 A CELEBRATION. 
 
 DELIVERED IN THE FIRST CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, 
 CINCINNATI, OHIO, JANUARY 29, 1860. 
 
 BY M. D. CONWAY, 
 
 MINISTER OF THE CHURCH. 
 
 CINCINNATI: 
 
 PUBLISHED AT THE OFFICE OF "THE DIAL," 
 NO. 76 WEST THIRD STREET. 
 
 1860. 
 
/ / 
 
 CORRESPONDENCE. 
 
 CINCINNATI, February 5, 1860. 
 Rev. M. D. CONWAY. 
 
 Dear Sir: In accordance with the ascertained wish of a large propor 
 tion of the audience in your Church on the evening of Sunday, January 
 29th, we earnestly desire your consent to the publication, m pamphlet form, 
 at your earliest convenience, of the discourse delivered by you on that occa 
 sion regarding it a true, thorough, and faithful vindication of the char 
 acter of one of the great, unappreciated, and much-abused heroes of our 
 race, Thomas Paine. 
 
 EDMUND DEXTER, SEN., W. GREEN, 
 LEWIS WALD, EDMUND DEXTER, JR.. 
 
 L. T. WELLS, CHAS. A. JUNGHANNS, 
 
 CALVIN FLETCHER, CHARLES DEXTER, 
 
 JACOB HOFFXER, JNO. G. ANTHONY, 
 
 C. STETSON, JOHN S. TAYLOR. 
 
 497 SEVENTH STREET, March 1, 1860. 
 Messrs. EDMUND DEXTER, SEN., and others. 
 
 Gentlemen : It is, I think, a gratifying evidence of the growth and 
 health of public sentiment in the West, that there should be a desire to 
 extend the influence of a vindication of Thomas Paine. The advance of 
 independence and truth in ourselves can be measured in no better way 
 than by our eagerness to correct our prejudices toward those who have 
 suffered in reputation and fortune to establish the freedom of thought 
 which we enjoy. The same motives which prompted me to this effort 
 to do for the memory of a deeply-wronged man a justice which is all the 
 more needed because so tardy, invite nie to avail myself of the opportunity 
 you have so kindly afforded of giving it a wider circulation. 
 
 Yours truly, M. D. CONWAY. 
 
 M342031 
 
WHEN a man is so fugitive and unsettled that he will not stand to the 
 verdict of his own Faculties, one can no more fasten anything upon him, 
 
 than he can write in the water, or tie knots of the wind. 
 
 Henry More. 
 
 BE thou what thou singly art, and personate only th} r self. Swim smooth 
 ly in the stream of thy nature, and live but one man. 
 
 Sir Thomas Browne. 
 
 No one need pride himself upon Genius, for it is the free gift of God; but 
 of honest industry and true devotion to his destiny any man may well be 
 proud; indeed, this thorough integrity of purpose is itself the Divine Idea 
 in its most common form, and no really honest mind is without communion 
 with God. Fichte. 
 
THOMAS PAINE. 
 
 ECCLESIASTES, IX. 14, 15. 
 
 THERE was a little city, and few men within it; and there came a great 
 king against it, and besieged it, and built great bulwarks against it. Now 
 there was found in it a poor wise man, and he by his wisdom delivered the 
 city ; yet no man remembered that same poor man. 
 
 TO-DAY is the 123d anniversary of the birth-day of THOMAS 
 PAINE, a man who was the leading spirit of three Revolutions, 
 one in America, one in France, and one in the Church. I do not 
 propose to give you a biography of this man : it is doubtless 
 familiar to many of you ; and those who desire to know the details 
 of his life can easily procure the true, and the only true, record of 
 it by Mr. Yale. But the day, and the man, and the assemblies of 
 honest men throughout the land which will pay homage to his 
 memory, and the annual shudder with which their enthusiasm will 
 1)0 met, these are living facts, representative facts, which no 
 philosopher can pass by, and no friend of man can fail to be inter 
 ested in. THOMAS PAIXE S life up to 1809, when he died, is inter 
 esting; but THOMAS PAINE s life from that time to 1860 is rnoiv 
 than interesting it is thrilling ! It is freighted with the revolu 
 tions of thought ; it is the realm where are waging the Crimeas 
 and Solferinos of Reason and Knowledge. I may touch on points, 
 here and there, of his life, but it will only be that I may more 
 fairly approach and estimate the living PAINE, for all classes, 
 either to their cost or joy, must know how real and vital is the 
 impress that he stamps on the popular heart and mind at this 
 present time. 
 
6 T n o M A s PAINE: 
 
 Every one at all familiar with the beginnings of the war of 
 American Independence knows, that the idea of forming an inde 
 pendent Republic did not for a long time enter into the question. . 
 The adherence to the mother country was so obstinate, that those 
 who talked of separation were abused very much as a disunionist 
 is now in these States. Nothing further was contemplated by the 
 agitations and dissatisfactions of our colonies, than a change in 
 the British ministry, and the consequent removal of an unjust tax. 
 Washington, Franklin, Rush, and Adams regarded themselves as 
 protesting against a special and practical wrong, which being re 
 dressed, they expected matters to go on as usual. They had no 
 idea of fighting for any abstract principle of government. Men 
 never take up arms for abstractions. The word Independence 
 was only the muttering of a few radicals, frowned on as Garri- 
 sonians are now ; and, within one month of the battle of Lexing 
 ton, a man might easily have been hung on Boston Common for 
 uttering it too loudly. 
 
 When the dawn of the Revolution was flashing upon the sky 
 its blood-red glow, mingled with the smoke of Lexington and 
 Bunker Hill, four men gathered into a room in Philadelphia, a 
 Boston lawyer, a Philadelphia doctor, a printer of the same 
 city, and a Virginia farmer. Care and apprehension were deeply 
 marked upon their faces ; the shadows of forthcoming destinies 
 and inevitable storms were forecast upon them. Those men were 
 John Adams, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, and George 
 Washington. These sit together and read the terrible dispatches 
 they have received. Then they pause in gloom and silence. Pre 
 sently Franklin speaks : " What," he asks, " is to be the end of 
 all this ? Is it to obtain justice of Great Britain, to change the 
 
 ministry, to soften a tax ? Or is it for" He paused ; the 
 
 word independence yet choked the bravest throat that sought to 
 utter it. 
 
 There was no response ; and at this still, momentous moment a 
 visitor enters. A young Quaker he seems, clad in faded brown coat. 
 
A CELEBRATION. 7 
 
 He takes his seat, introduced by Franklin, who had met him, as a 
 poor stay-maker, with a strong head and face, in London. He 
 breaks the deep silence with these words : " These States of Amer 
 ica must be independent of England. That is the only solution 
 of this question ! " They all rise to their feet at this political 
 blasphemy. But he goes on ; his eye lights up with patriotic fire ; 
 his voice rises to prophecy as he paints before them the glorious 
 Destiny of America, her resources and power, and the magnifi 
 cent Future to which he adjures them to entrust and dedicate the 
 Western Continent. 
 
 Then these four men, so shocked at first, arose and grasped the 
 stranger s hand ; George Washington leaped forward, and taking 
 both of his hands, besought him to publish these views in a book 
 which should send its thunder-peal throughout the world ; and 
 then and there, out of the heart and upon the lips of THOMAS 
 PAINE, was born the theory and aim of American Independence. 
 
 PAINE went to his room, seized his pen, lost sight of every 
 other object, toiled terribly, and on the New-Year s day of 1776 
 the work entitled Common Sense, which first brought both people 
 and their leaders face to face with the work they had to accomplish, 
 broke sun -like on the land. " That book," says Dr. Rush, " burst 
 from the press with an effect which has been rarely produced by 
 types or paper, in any age or country." The historians Ramsay, 
 Gordon, and others are unanimous in their opinion that this book 
 was the primary cause of the aim and result to which the Revolu 
 tion was guided. That idea of Independence the pen of PAINE 
 fed with fuel from his brain when it was growing dim. At this 
 distance, we can scarcely appreciate the electric power of that pen. 
 The battle of Trenton was Keystone of the Arch of Revolution ; 
 and it was on its verge that cold and starvation coiled about the 
 ranks of Washington, and their courage was fast failing. At ,one 
 time Washington thought that his troops would be entirely dis 
 membered. But the Author-Hero of the Revolution was tracking 
 their march and writing by the light of camp-fires the essay called 
 
8 THOMAS PAINE: 
 
 The Crisis. And when the half-clad troops were called together, 
 these words broke forth upon them : " These are the times that 
 try men s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot 
 will, in this crisis, shrink from the service of his country ; but lie 
 that stands it now deserves the love and thanks of man and wo 
 man. Tyranny, like Hell, is not easily conquered ; yet we have 
 this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict the more 
 glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap we estimate too 
 lightly ; tis dearness only that gives everything its value. Heaven 
 knows how to put a proper price upon its goods ; and it would be 
 strange indeed, if so celestial an article as Freedom should not be 
 highly rated." 
 
 The opening sentence, These are the times that try men s souls, 
 became the watchword of the battle of Trenton, and Washington 
 himself set the pen of PAINE above any sword wielded that day. 
 Of how many battles since, for national, individual, civil and re 
 ligious freedom, has that sentence been the watchword ! 
 
 But we need not dwell on the fact of PAINE s services and power 
 in this eventful period. He stood the acknowledged leader of 
 American statesmanship by the proclamations of the Legislatures 
 of all the States, and that of the Congress of the United States ; 
 the tribute of his greatest enemy was in these words : " The can 
 non of Washington was not more formidable to the British than 
 the pen of the author of Common Sense" A little less independ 
 ence, a little more preference of himself to humanity, and he 
 would have been the first President of the United States ; as it 
 was, when victory perched upon the American standard he went 
 to France, where man was preparing to struggle with his oppres 
 sor, and became to America the poor wise man who had saved her, 
 and who was forgotten in her prosperity. 
 
 The other day, a portrait of THOMAS PAINE was offered to the 
 city of Philadelphia, to be hung up in the hall where American 
 Independence was born, along with the portraits of men who, in 
 those times which tried men s souls, looked to PAINE for the 
 
A CELEBRATION. 9 
 
 watchwords which should inspire victories. The city council 
 refused admission to the portrait ; the poor wise man who had 
 saved the city was ungratefully scorned. Now, friends, this means 
 something. It is a more vital thing than at first it seems to be, 
 that this particular star should be struck from our national galaxy. 
 What is the meaning of it ? It can not hurt "Tom Paine" now, 
 but it may be deadly to us ; therefore, why can not we honor the 
 man whose patriotism and heroism bear the official seal of the 
 country and every State in the country, and are signed with the 
 signatures of every good and great man who lived and labored by 
 his side ? Jefferson could send a government ship to France to 
 bring him to our shores, Washington could invite him to share 
 Mt. Ycrnon with him, Barlow could describe him as "one of the 
 most benevolent and disinterested of mankind," we can not give 
 his portrait a place of honor, nor hear his name without a shud 
 der. Now, what is the cause of this ? What great crime has he 
 committed ? 
 
 All efforts to stain the good name of THOMAS PAINE have re 
 coiled on those who made them, like poisoned arrows shot against 
 a strong wind. In the name of priests and tract-societies, miser 
 able men have come forward to cast mire upon him ; but their 
 retributions have been swift and terrible. Grant Thorburn, who 
 \vas set up to prove PAINE s intemperance, has only succeeded in 
 uncovering a mean theft of his own early life ; and Mr. Cheetham, 
 who lifted his fang to strike the whiteness of his purity, was, even 
 in the godly city of Philadelphia, before a judge and jury who 
 hated PAIXE, convicted and sentenced for slander and libel against 
 the dead hero and a living and noble woman. PAINE s old friend, 
 Elizabeth Ryder, at whose house he boarded during all the period 
 in which he is said to have been dissipated, and whose honesty is 
 as unimpeached as her means of knowledge, comes forward to a 
 Justice, and, with nearly her last word on earth, brands the pious 
 falsehood. The Hero s fame has run the gauntlet of every slander 
 which priestcraft and bigotry could spawn, and has come forth 
 
10 THOMAS PAINE: 
 
 untarnished ; a thousand sanctified and clerical reputations have 
 fallen at his side and ten thousand at his right hand, but the pes 
 tilence which walketh in darkness could not fix its plague-spot on 
 that honest and just man s name. 
 
 What, then, is the cause of a nation s base ingratitude ? This, 
 and this alone : PAINE believed; fifty years ago, what now the en 
 lightened world believes, namely, that GOD is a Father, and not a 
 Tyrant ; that he does not send millions into this world, from day 
 to clay, in the sure knowledge that a large proportion of them will 
 burn in fire and brimstone everlastingly ; that GOD never said, 
 "Put every man his sword by his side, and go in and out from 
 gate to gate throughout the camp, and slay every man his brother, 
 and every man his companion, and every man his neighbor ; " nor 
 that GOD ever made a Universe which at this or that period failed 
 to work out by its laws the best results, and so had to be eked out 
 by a subversion of law, and patched up by special intervention. 
 But did he disbelieve in GOD ? Did he deny Christ ? Did he mock 
 the solemn and tender hopes which rise trembling but strong from 
 the sacred depths of the human heart and bridge the chasm between 
 Time and Eternity ? Had he done so, it would in nowise palliate 
 the wrong which has been done to a hero and a virtuous man : to 
 be intolerant to an Atheist is to sanction the principle of the In 
 quisition. But let me quote from his own works the sublime 
 Faith which sustained this man through his trying life, and folded 
 its white pinions about him in the mortal hour : " I believe in one 
 GOD, and no more ; and I hope for happiness beyond this life. I 
 believe in the equality of man ; and I believe that religious duties 
 consist in doing justice, loving mercy, and endeavoring to make 
 our fellow-creatures happy." " Do we want to contemplate GOD S 
 power ? We see it in the immensity of the creation. Do we 
 want to contemplate his wisdom ? We see it in the unchangeable 
 order in which the incomprehensible whole is governed. Do we 
 want to contemplate his munificence ? We see it in the abun 
 dance with which he fills the earth. Do we want to contemplate 
 
A C E L E B R A T I N . 11 
 
 his mercy ? We see it in his not withholding that abundance 
 oven from the unthankful." He read the doctrine of Immortality, 
 which he always held, in the caterpillar s resurrection from the 
 grub, and in the resuscitating flow of springtide. He always 
 honored Christ as a pure and elevated man, Avho taught a perfect 
 morality, and who took into his side a fatal sheaf of the arrows of 
 Ignorance and Selfishness, to break a pass for human souls through 
 the ranks of priestcraft and tyranny into the realm of Liberty of 
 mind and conscience. In all his writings not one disrespectful 
 word to Christ has ever been or can be found ! 
 
 And this man, for believing what John Adams and Thomas 
 Jefferson, and nearly every thinker of his age believed, is singled 
 out and placed on the pillory of history, simply because he was 
 earnest enough and brave enough to come out and set upon a can 
 dlestick the light which others hid under a bushel, to plead for 
 truths which others whispered in the car, and then only when no 
 self-interest stood in the way. The head and front of his offend 
 ing hath this extent, no more ! 
 
 In his life, in his justice, in his truth, in his adherence to high 
 principle, in his disinterestedness, I look in vain for his parallel 
 in those times and in these times. I am selecting my words : I 
 know I am to beheld accountable for them. So disinterested was 
 lie, that when his works were printed by the ten thousand, and as 
 fast as one edition was out another was demanded, he, a poor and 
 pinched author, who might easily have grown rich, would not ac 
 cept one cent for them, declared that he would not coin his prin 
 ciples, and made to the States a present of the copyrights. His 
 brain was his fortune nay, his living : he gave it all to American 
 Independence. The sale of his works has never been surpassed, 
 unless by that of Uncle Tom s Cabin ; so you may know what he 
 gave to the cause. And his last work, which he knew would sur 
 pass all the rest in popularity, he gave up as freely as the first. 
 
 Biography affords no finer picture than his action whilst the 
 resolution to give him a large sum was before the Legislature of 
 
12 THOMAS PAINE: 
 
 Virginia. Virginia, at the same time, was making a large claim 
 on the General Government for lands. PAINE thought that claim 
 unjust ; and though the bill in his favor was yet pending in that 
 State, he came out with the pamphlet which proved Virginia ? 
 claim unsound. His friends besought him to delay it ; but they 
 reasoned with a soul which sought public, not private ends. The 
 bill in PAINE S favor was not even brought forward in the Legis 
 lature of Virginia after this. 
 A poet has sung 
 
 " Chambers of the great are jails." 
 
 Never was the saying more verified than when THOMAS PAIXE, 
 for his unwearied devotion to humanity and justice, lay impri 
 soned at Paris. That dungeon is the moral palace of a kingly 
 soul. PAINE, with his natural devotion to liberty and the high 
 love of man, did all he could to awaken in the French people the 
 spirit which would achieve another glorious Republic, such as: 
 that which he had seen established in America. And when the 
 revolution came on, he rejoiced with the liberals. He was almost 
 worshiped in France ; was elected to all their assemblies ; his 
 name and his presence were the signals for enthusiasm and plau 
 dits. It was for his rectitude that he threw all his popularity 
 away threw away the prospect of a position almost imperial ! 
 When the inspiration of liberty in France degenerated into the 
 thirst for blood, when the aspiration of the people broke forth into 
 the cruelty of a mob, then the son of the old Quaker of Thetford 
 rose up and rebuked them. Ah, where this side of Thermopyla* 
 will you find a scene more full of moral sublimity than that which 
 occurred when, in the French Assembl} , which had met to order 
 the execution of Louis XVI., the Secretary read the address, of 
 THOMAS PAINE, protesting in the name of Liberty in both hemi 
 spheres against the death of that fated monarch? "Destroy the 
 King," cried PAINE, "but spare the man ; strike his crown, but not 
 his heart ! " The assembly grew furious, and accused the Secretary 
 
A CELEBRA*TION. 13 
 
 of misreading: "These are not the words of THOMAS PAINE," 
 echoed from every side of the Hall. "They are my words," re 
 plied PAINE, rising. Then he, the darling of the people, became 
 the object of their hatred, and soon was by them dragged to pri 
 son. Twice was he sentenced : his death-sentence was signed by 
 Robespierre. He escaped it once by a fever, which seemed about 
 to end his life ; the second time by an accident his prison door 
 being open when the officer went round to mark the doors of those 
 who were to be executed the next day ; the door being afterward 
 closed, the mark was on the inside. How many tracts on Special 
 Providence would that have given the world had PAINE been a 
 churchman ! Here it was that the party then in power in this 
 country left him to languish and suffer, all for a high, humane, 
 and heroic refusal to lend his voice to a violent and cruel deed. 
 Here the poor man who had saved the city lay unremembered. 
 
 And this is the man railed at by the Church, and shuddered at 
 even by some liberal minds ! This is the man whose portrait, 
 with its massy brow and eye of light, can not be set in the Hall 
 which he has made sacred ! When I look at that life, and hear 
 him denied the name of Christian, I feel that, if he were no Chris 
 tian, twere so much the worse for Christianity. I only wish 
 that the title of the accusers to that name was as good as that of 
 the accused. It is easy for the preachers to stand up in their 
 marble pulpits too often the whitened sepulchres of the souls 
 which built them and flatter Jesus, saying, Lord, Lord, and de 
 nounce PAINE ; but how many of them could pass through years 
 of toil and revolution, and do no deed that he could wish for 
 gotten, nor utter one word that his friend could wish effaced ? I 
 look for Christianity where Wesley looked for it: "I am sick 
 of opinions : give me the life ! " Any hypocrite can talk smooth 
 ly about Christ ; can, like Athanasius, give stately creeds, whilst 
 he pilfers the bread of widows. When Mary Stuart was led forth 
 to her execution, the Earl of Kent, seeing her crucifix in her hand, 
 said tauntingly, " We should wear Christ in our hearts." " And 
 
14 THOMAS PAINE: 
 
 why," responded the Queen, " should I have Christ in my hand 
 if he is not in my heart ?" And when we see this man living out 
 with his strong right hand the Golden Rule, opening that hand 
 for the needy, using it for uncompensated philanthropy and un 
 welcome truths, I know that Christ was in his hand, because he 
 was in his heart. A hand holding up to heaven a flaming heart, 
 was Calvin s signet it was PAINE S life. I honor those words 
 with which his will concludes : "I herewith take my final leave 
 of the world. I have lived an honest and useful life to mankind ; 
 my time has been spent in doing good, and I die in perfect com 
 posure and resignation to the will of my Creator, GOD." In any 
 other this might sound like egotism ; but as the last words of a 
 man departing amid the howlings of churches, and the ingrati 
 tude of selfish men too timid to do him justice at risk of sharing 
 the hatred which pursued him, they are the noble words of a soul 
 conscious of its integrity calm under the smile of that Eternal 
 Justice which lifts man above all earthly frowns. They are true 
 words. 
 
 My fellow men, these, too, are the times that try men s souls ; 
 the times, too, in which souls being tried are found wanting. I 
 am glad that the pious and upright Council of Philadelphia have 
 refused to let PAINE S portrait adorn the walls of Independence 
 Hall. I am glad of it, because it is the outspeaking of the truth. 
 Had they admitted it, it would have been a profession of what 
 the country is not up to. For that portrait to be there to-day, 
 would imply that men are not priest-ridden in these days ; it 
 w^oiild imply that our religion is no longer a thing of words, but of 
 righteous deeds ; it would imply that the true Christian of the 
 American Church is a genuine man, and not a hypocrite. 
 
 Let us not have any glozing over ; let the truth, however bad, 
 come out. The brow of THOMAS PAINE, which throbbed with the 
 common sense of the people, must for many years wear its laurels 
 only in the homes of the men who do not shrink from truth 
 though she wears rags and lives on a crust ; the heart from which 
 
A CELEBRATION. 15 
 
 no lie ever issued must be welcomed for a long time yet, only at 
 the honest hearth-stones of those who will not be pressed into the 
 mixture of cant and pretense which garnishes the world, ere that 
 brow and that heart shall stand confest in high places, to send 
 forth their stern rebukes of wrong and error, and to point men to 
 the nobler day of Truth and Fraternity. 
 
 Yet there lies, my brothers, your field of work ; it is white for 
 the harvest. It is the field of Common Sense ; which means that 
 it is the truth of your mind and mine when, unperverted by error 
 and selfishness, we judge what is right and true. It is the field 
 of Common Justice ; which means that sense of humanity, that 
 perception of the wrong done to all when any one is deprived of 
 liberty and love, which fills every heart not preoccupied with 
 prejudice or self-interest. It is the dedication of your whole na 
 ture to the rules of virtue, and the untiring pursuit of it even 
 when it leads through evil report, through loss of fortune and 
 friends, to a dungeon or scaffold. 
 
 devotees of Truth, Children of Eeason, to you is entrusted 
 the present dignity and the future elevation of man ! Preserve 
 your personal independence as you would the apple of your eye. 
 Be true to yourself as the only possible way of being true to oth 
 ers. Learn to labor and to wait. And when you fall in this 
 great warfare of Eight with Wrong, of Truth with Error, when 
 you come to look down from the everlasting shores of Light and 
 Truth beyond, no music there will be sweeter than the bowlings 
 of the errors you have wounded, or the curses of those who live 
 by deceiving mankind ; and you can bear no title to enter there, 
 better than to have been reviled and hated by those who oppress 
 and wrong the weak. The poor wise man forgotten in the city he 
 has saved, is not forgotten in the city of God, which stands here 
 and now and forever, and is built of Truths which endure forever. 
 
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