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 8 
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 1 
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 S. DKPARTMEXT OF AGRICULTURE, 
 
 BUR! 
 
 "D. E. SALMON. D 
 
 THE SY\ONY.P m 
 
 Taenia, T. crassicollis, T. marginata, T. serrata, 
 T. comurus, T. serialis, and Echinococcus. 
 
 ('II. WAilDKI.!. STILKS. I'ir. D., 
 
 iltiitij '/<iiil'ii!i.<1 of I', nr, n a nf A uinml ///</- 
 
 Chief of Division of Zoology, llmj'nii'x- l.nl><imt,,ri<, i ^. l'> '': H,,,iti, 
 
 flml Miii-ii'i'-llfttsjiituf .S'/ ... . 
 AND 
 
 FAKI.K C. >TKVi:\S<>.\. M. A.. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PHINTINti OFFICE. 
 
 L905,
 
 OKI.AM/AT10N OF Till. HIKLAI OF ANIMAL 1NWS1HY. 
 
 :>. v. M. 
 
 A. I>. MI-I.VIN, P. V. <. 
 K. I'.. JoKBS, I.L. M.. M. l>. 
 
 I'll). H. Win;- 1 1:1;. M. >.. chief: ( 'i \KHN< i: I 1 .. I.\M. I'., 
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 KICHAKI. W. MICK. MAN, I'll. <.. \. M. I'., cliief. 
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 LABOBATOl 
 
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 ..n third piipe of :-over.)
 
 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
 
 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. BULLETIN No. 80. 
 
 D. E. SALMON, D. V. M., Chief of Bureau. 
 
 THE SYNONYMY 
 
 OF 
 
 Taenia, T. crassicollis, T. marginata, T. serrata, 
 T. coenurus, T. serialis, and Echinococcus. 
 
 CH. WARDELL STILES, PH. D., 
 
 Consulting Zoologixt of Bureau of Animal Industry, 
 
 Chief of Dif'mon of Zoology, Hygienic Laboratory, U. S. Public He<dth 
 
 and Marine- Hospital Service, 
 
 AND 
 
 EARLE C. STEVENSON, M. A., 
 Assistant, Division of Zoology, Bureau of Animal Industry. 
 
 WASHINGTON: 
 
 GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE. 
 1005.
 
 ,ETTKR OF TRANSMITTAL 
 
 U. S. DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, 
 
 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY, 
 
 Washington, D. O., September 5, 1905. 
 
 SIR: I have the honor to submit herewith a manuscript entitled 
 "The Synonymy of Taenia, T. crassicollis, T. marginata, T. serrata, T. 
 ccenurus, T. serialis, and Echinococcm" prepared by Ch. Wardell 
 Stiles, Ph. D., consulting zoologist of this Bureau, and chief of Divi- 
 sion of Zoology, Hygienic Laboratory, United States Public Health 
 and Marine-Hospital Service, and Earle C. Stevenson, M. A., assistant 
 in the Division of Zoology of this Bureau; and to recommend its 
 publication as Bulletin No. 80 of the Bureau series. 
 
 Very respectfully, D. E. SALMON, 
 
 Chief of Bureau. 
 Hon. JAMES WILSON, Secretary. 
 
 3
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 <ienus Tivnia 7 
 
 Subgenus Tien! a 7 
 
 Species Tieniti hydaiiyena 8 
 
 Titiiiii teniu'formis 10 
 
 Txnia pisiformix 11 
 
 Subgenus Tirniarht/ncmt 12 
 
 Genus Multicepx 12 
 
 Species Multicepx socialis 12 
 
 MiilticeiM serial!* 13 
 
 < Jenus EC ft hiococcux . . 13
 
 THE SYNONYMY OFT^NIA, T. CflASSICOLLIS, T. MARGIN ATA, T. 
 SERRATA, T. (XENURUS, T. SER1ALIS, AND ECHINOCOCCUS. 
 
 'It has recenth' been necessary to examine into the synonymy of 
 several mejnbers of the genus Tsenia in order to establish the correct 
 specific names for certain species, and the results of this stud}' are pub- 
 lished in the present paper. 
 
 According to the present international code, the names of larval or 
 cystic stages are coordinate with the names of adult stages, in the 
 application of the law of priority. This rule necessitates certain 
 changes in the names of several of the species which are mentioned in 
 this paper. 
 
 Several of the older names, for instance some of those introduced by 
 Gmelin, 1790a, are almost nomina nuda, being based only upon refer- 
 ences of earlier authors to parasites in certain organs of given hosts. 
 While it is scarcely possible at present to pass definite judgment upon 
 certain of these cases, they have been cited in synonymy by various 
 authors, and we have accepted these interpretations on the ground 
 that we can not prove them to be incorrect. 
 
 The bibliographic references are from Stiles & Hassall, Index-Cata- 
 logue of Medical and Veterinary Zoology, Bulletin 30, United States 
 Bureau of Animal Industry. 
 
 GENUS T-ffiNIA LINN.EUS, 1758. 
 
 Type, Tuenin soliutn. For synonymy, see subpenera Tirniu (below) and Tnmiarhyn- 
 chus (p. 12). 
 
 SrwGExrs TJENIA LIXXJEUS, 1758. 
 
 1758. Txnia LINN.EUS, 1758a, 819-820; type by elimination T. folium; also desig- 
 nated type by several authors. 
 
 1777. Tenia SCOPOLI, 1777, 383; for Taiiia, hence same type (not accessible, refer- 
 ence taken from Sherborn, 1902, 962). 
 
 1782. Hydaligena GOEZE, 1782a, 42, 192; type by absolute tautonymy, Tivnia hydati- 
 gena Pallas, 1766, 413, confined by elimination and inclusion to Hydra 
 hydatuln Linnaeus, 1766, equals Cysticercus tenuicottis. 
 
 1782. Megocephalos GOEZE 1 782a, 42; only hence type species Tivnia vesicularisfatciotata, 
 equals Cysticercux fasciolaris. 
 
 1782. tPseudoechinorhyncus GOEZE, 1782a, 41, 138-139; ?type Ps. .sp. Goeze, 1782a, 
 138-139, equals ? Cysticercus fcuciolarit. 
 
 1786. Finna WERNER, 1786, 10; not used in Linna?an sense; refers to Cytficernts 
 celluloses.
 
 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
 
 1787. Venicaria Ml'u.EH, 1787, 49-5:5; includes Hydatigemi, Megocephalof, Multiceps, 
 
 1782, and other forms; type by inclusion Cyaticercus tfnuicoltit. 
 
 1785. I'esicaria SCHKANK, 1788a, 29-32; includes Hi/datigeiut, Megocepfmlos, and Mttl- 
 
 ticefis, 1782, renanu-d; type by inclusion and page precedence 1*. orbicular!*, 
 
 equals OyttieerdU tatuicottu; also tyj>e ly virtual tautonyiny Hydatiyena 
 
 rexicularix, equals Cytticercut tennicolKs. 
 
 1790. lli/ddinla ABiUMiAARi), 1790a, 33; type by absolute tautonyiny Hydra hydatula, 
 1790. / Hn-rnca UMRI.IN, f790a, 31)50; only hence type species II. tnurix Gmelin = 
 
 f Cytticernt* faxriolarin. 
 1797. Ht/datix BU'MEXBAOH, 1797, 415; not accessible, apparently, only hence type 
 
 species II. Jinmt; see Sherborn, 1902, 369, and Virey, 1798. 
 1800. Alyselininlhn* ZEDEK, 1800a, 221-302; Ttenin renamed, hence same type. 
 1800. Cyxticcrciix ZEDEK, 1800a, 30.'J-307; Jlydutigena renamed, hence same type. 
 1803. Ihili/xl* /KDEK, 1803a, 298-377; T;rnla and Alyselminthut renamed, hence same 
 
 ty|>e. 
 1805. Cistirtrctus KI-DOLPIII, 1805, 40; for Ciisticercns, hence name type. 
 
 1809. Fitnid BitERA, 180?)a, 153; tyjM? munciilaris, equals Cyst ice rows cellulosie. 
 
 181W. I'hyxchiowinn BKEKA, 1809a, 130-149; type by inclusion P. globoxnm (Batsch, 
 178(5), equals Cyitictrcu cettulo9. 
 
 1810. Gtcziaiui RriK>uin, 1810a, 277; refers to Cysticercut cettulots; doubtful whether 
 
 it is used in generic sense. 
 1816. Ilytlaiigera LAMARCK, 1816, 153-154; type by inclusion and j>age precedence, 
 
 ( 'ysticerciuf faxciolaris. 
 
 1825. Finchioiunna DELLE CHIA.IE, 1825a, 24; for Plnj*ch'unstnna Brera, 180ia. 
 1847. Trachelocampylus FREDATLT, 1847b, June, 310-311; only hence tyj>e species 
 
 Oytticercus cellulosse. 
 
 1850. Arhynchottrnia DIESIXI;, 1850a, 497-521; type by inclusion, Timid solium. 
 1855. Jlaiixi* (JoLDBERG, 1855a, *8; misprint for Halyxis. 
 1855. Hidalula (ioLDHEK<;, 1855a, 79; misprint for Hijdntula. 
 1855. Ci/stietrcux (JOLDBEKO, 1855a, 88; misprint for Cy*lic(rcus. 
 1858. Acunthotr'nus WEINI.AXD, 1858, 51, 65, 85; only hence type species and type by 
 
 absolute tautonyiny, Ci/xlicercns acanthotrias. 
 
 1863. CiiKtotscitiu LEIX-KART, 1863, 223; ty{>e by inclusion, Tsenia soliwn. 
 1886. Xtotenia SODERO, 1886, Oct., 657; type by inclusion and implication, Cysticercus 
 
 cellidosic. 
 
 1894. Xeodniia BRAUN, 1894a, 1085; for Neolenia, hence same type. 
 (?) (Jijsticerkw and Cystizerkus of various German authors; for Cysticercus, hence 
 
 same type. 
 
 SPECIES TJENIA HYDATIGENA I'AIAAS, 1766. 
 
 8TROBILA STAGE. 
 
 1758. Titniti nolium LINN^US, 1758a, 819-820, pro parte; Dubois, 1764, 66-69, pi. 1, 
 
 fig. la. 
 1782. T. cateniformix GOE/E, 1782a, in part, 307-310, pi. 22a, figs. 1-5, from wolf. 
 
 [T. nitrniforml* drops as synonym of T. canhm LinnaMis, 1758.] 
 1782..'T. xerrata (ioEZE, 1782a, in i>art, 349-350, pi. 251), tigs, a-d; see, however, 
 
 Kudolphi, 1810a, 170, and Diesing, 1850a, 517-518. 
 
 1786. 7*. mnrginaln BATSCH, 1786a, 125-126, pi. 2, fig. 54; based on Goeze, 1782a, 307, 
 
 pi. 22a, figs. 1-5. 
 
 1788. T. lupitut SCIIHANK, 1788, 33; based on same as T. marginnta. 
 
 1790. T. cnlenifonni* /(/;>' GMELIN, 1790a, li(H)6-3067 ; based on same as T. marginata. 
 1803. I Ialy#i# marginata ( BATSCH, 1786a) ZEDER, 1803a, 365-366.
 
 THE SYNONYMY OF T^ENIA, ETC. 
 
 CYSTIC STAGE. 
 
 1691. Lumbricus hydropicus TYSON, 1691, 506-509, pi., figs. 1-4; from gazelle or ante- 
 lope, from Aleppo; pre-Linruean, hence not entitled to priority, but used as 
 basis of several post-Linmean names. 
 
 1705. Vermes vesiculares HARTMANN, 1705b, 152-157, from goat; pre-Linnaean, hence 
 not entitled to priority, but used in generic sense by Bloch, 1780aand 1782a. 
 
 1760. Tienia hydatoidea PALLAS, 1760, 50, not accessible; reprint, 1768, 286-288; 
 Lumbricus hydropicus 1691 renamed; accidentally binomial in a clearly poly- 
 nomial article, hence not entitled to priority, in our opinion. 
 
 1766. Tienia hydatigena PALLAS, 1766, 413, not accessible; 1766, 157-174, pi. 12, figs. 
 
 1-10, includes Lumbricus hydropicus. 
 
 1767. Hydra hydatula LIXN.ECS, 1767, 1320; Lumbricus hydropicus renamed. 
 
 1780. Vermis vesicularis eremita BLOCH, 1780a, 337; 1782a, 24-25; Hydra hydatula 
 
 renamed; Vermis vesicularis used as a generic name, eremita as a specific name. 
 1782. Hijdutigena orbicularis GOEZE, 1782a, 194-210, pi. 17a, figs. 1-6, pi. 17b, figs. 
 
 I-II, 6-9; includes Hydra hydatula, 1767. 
 
 1786. //. globosa BATSCH, 1786a, 89-94, figs. 38-41; includes Hydra hydatula, 1767. 
 1786. //. oblonga BATSCH, 1786a, 98-99; based on Goeze, 1782a, pi. 17b, figs. I-II. 
 1788. Vesicaria orbicularis (GOEZE, 1782a) Schrank, 1788, 29. 
 1790. Tsenia simise GMELIN, 1790a, 3059; based on Bloch, 1782a, 24. 
 1790. T. ferarum GMELIN, 1790a, 3061; includes Goeze, 1782a, 205-206, pi. 17b, figs. 
 
 I-II. 
 
 1790. T. caprina GMELIN, 1790a, 3061; includes Vermes vesiculares Hartmann, 1705. 
 1790. T. ovilla GMELIN, 1790a, 3061-3062; based on Goeze, 1782a, 257, pi. 17, figs. 
 
 10-11. 
 
 1790. T. vervedna GMELIN, 1790a, 3062; based on Goeze, 1782a, 208, pi. 17a, figs. 3-5. 
 1790. T. bovina GMELIN, 1790a, 3063; based on Goeze, 1782a, 205. 
 1790. T. apri GMELIN, 1790a, 3063; in apri hepate. 
 1790. T. globosa (BATSCH, 1786a) Gmelin, 1790a, 3063. 
 1790. ? Hydatula lienis GMELIN, 1790a, 3063, in synonymy; from hog. 
 1790. ?H. pulmonis GMELIN, 1790a, 3063, in synonymy; from hog. 
 1790. II. hepatis GMELIN, 1790a, 3063, as syn. of T. globosa. 
 1790. H. cervorum GMELIN, 1790a, 3063, as syn. of T. ferarum. 
 1790. //. peritomvi GMELIN, 1790a, 3063, as syn. of T. globosa. 
 1795. //. solitaria VIBOKG, 1790, 241; not accessible; see Diesing, 1850a, 488. 
 1803. Cysticercus clavatus ZEDER, 1803a, 409410; Hydatigena orbicularis Goeze, 1782a, 
 
 205, 209, pi. 17b, figs. I-II, renamed. 
 1803. C. globosus (BATSCH, 1786a) ZEDER, 1803a, 411-413. 
 1803. C. simiie (GMELIN, 1790a) ZEDER, 1803a, 419. 
 
 1803. C. caprinus (GMELIN, 1790a) ZEDER, 1803a, 420. 
 
 1804. C. lineatus L^NNEC, 1804, 133; 1812, 23-46, 159-160, pi. 1, figs. 1-9, pi. 2, figs. 
 
 1-5, 6; Hydra hydatula 1767 renamed. 
 
 1809. Physchiosoma globomm (BATSCH, 1786a) BRERA, 1809a, 130-137; 1810a, pi. 3, 
 
 fig. 5. 
 
 1810. Cysticercus tenuicollis RI-DOLPHI, 1810a, 220-224; Hydra hydatula 1767 renamed. 
 1810. C. visceralis siinix RUDOLPHI, 1810a, 234; Tx-nia siinise Gmelin, 1890a, renamed. 
 1812. Tienia visceralis, vesicular!*, orbicularis GOEZE, 1782a, of La?nnec, 1812, 160, as 
 
 syn. of Cysticercus lineatus. 
 
 1812. T. hydatigena ovium PALLAS of Lrennec, 1812, 160, as syn. of Cysticerctis lineatus. 
 1812. T. hydatigena suum PALLAS of Lsennec, 1812, 160, as syn. of Cysticercus linsatus. 
 1816. Hydatis globosa (BATSCH, 1786a) LAMARCK, 1816, 152; in swine. 
 1825. FiscMosoma globosum BRERA of delle Chiaje, 1825a, 24-25. 
 1850. Tsenia ferrarum GMELIN, 1790a, of Diesing, 1850a. 488; for T. ferarum.
 
 10 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
 
 1854. Cyslicerru* hominis diibhis DIESING, 1854b, 601. 
 
 1861. C ex potamocharo pfnicillato COBBOLD, 1861d, 94, 96, pi. 17, figs. 3-6. 
 
 1861. C. potamochari penicillati COBBOLD, 1861e, 121. 
 
 1861. C. potamochrri COBBOLD, 1861e, 125. 
 
 1864. C. tenuici>tti homini* KSCHRICHT of Diesing, 1864a, 391. 
 
 1869. C. ovu COBBOLD, 1869a, 30, tig. 2. 
 
 1873. C. oriparient MADDOX, 1873, 250, pi. 17, figs. 1-17, pi. 19, 1 fig.; in leg of 
 
 mutton. 
 
 1878. C. phacoclurri ifthiopici COBBOLD of Linstow, 1878, 5. 
 
 1885. Cuticercus on* ( COBBOLD, 1869) Guzzardi Asmundo, 1885a, 579. 
 
 SPECIE* TJENIA TENUEFOBMIQ ( BLOCH, 1780) STILES & STEVENSON, 1905. 
 [Type of Megocephalos, 1782; f Hxruca, 1790; and Hiidatigera, 1816.] 
 
 8TBOBILA STAGE. 
 
 1782. Tsenia collo brerissimo BLOCH, 1782a, 19-20, pi. 6, figs. 1-5, in. cats; not binomial, 
 
 hence not entitled to priority. 
 1782. T. serrata GOEZE, 1782a, 43, 337-339, pi. 24, figs. 1-6, pi. 25, figs. 1-5, from cat; 
 
 Batsch, 1786a, 138-141, figs. 19, 32, 61, 63, 67; not Rosa, 1794. Goeze's 
 
 name is clearly based upon the tapeworm (now generally known as Txnia 
 
 cranfticollis) from cats, and not (as generally supposed) upon the tapeworm 
 
 from dogs. 
 
 1782. ? T. globulata GOEZE, 1782a, 43, 350-352, pi. 26, figs. 1-4, from cat*. 
 1786. / T. motriliformi* BATSCH, 1786a, 135-137, fig. 59; T. globulata Goeze, renamed; 
 
 not T. moniliformis Pallas, 1781 (not accessible). 
 1790. T. serrata felif GMELIN, 1790a, 3068, includes T. collo brevwsimo Bloch, 1782, and 
 
 T. serrata Goeze, 1782a, pi. 24, figs. 1-6, pi. 25, figs. 1-5; Rudolphi, 1793a, 
 
 37-38. 
 
 1794. T.fffa GMELIN of Carlisle, 1794a, 258, pi. 25, fig. 11. 
 1800. Alyselminthns terrains ( GOEZE, 1782a) ZEDEK, 1800a, 290, 286-293. 
 1803. Halt/sis serrata ( GOEZE, 1782a) ZEDER, 1803a, :i6;j-364. 
 1810. Tirnia crasxicoliis RI-DOLPHI, 1810a, 173-174; T. gerrata Goeze, 1782a, from cat, 
 
 renamed. 
 
 1810. T. tserrata a, cati domest.b, t/lrestr. SCHRANK of Rudolphi, 1810a, 1 74, as synonym. 
 1810. Ifalyid serrata (GOEZE, 1782a) Rrnouni, 1810a, 174; misprint. 
 
 1855. Hali#ig xerrata (ZEDER) of Goldl)erg, 1855a, 78; misprint in synonymy. 
 1861. Tienia crassicoli* KUCBERLE, 1861, 332; for T. rrassicollis. 
 
 CYSTIC STAGE. 
 
 1695. Vermis resicularis murix HARTMANN, 1695b, 304-305; Pre-Linna>an, hence not 
 entitled to priority, but Vermi* remcubtris is later used by Bloch, ITHOa and 
 1782a, as generic name. 
 
 1762. Fasciola muri* hepaticir RCEDEBER, 1762, 537-539; not accsssible; polynomial, 
 hence not entitled to priority. 
 
 1766. Tsenia hydatigena PALLAS, 1766, 157-174, pro parte, pi. 12, figs. 10-13, in rats. 
 
 1766. T. hydatigenfi murini hepatis PALLAS, 1766, 168; polynomial. 
 
 1780. Vermin resicularis tcniteformi* BLOCK, 1780a, 337; 1782a [Inhalt, p. 2], 23; Vermis 
 
 vesicular!* distinctly used as a generic name, tertiieformis as a specific name. 
 
 1781. Fasciola sp. MERKEM, 1781, 169-172, pi. 1, figs. 3-7; "Sack-Egel." 
 
 1782. Ftuciota tacctila MERREM, 1781, of Goeze, 1782a, 221, in synonymy. 
 1782. Megofifphalo* ( JOEZE, 1782a, 42; type Txnia resiciilari* fasciolata. 
 
 1782. Tsenia (Hydatigena) vesicularu fatciolata GOEZE, 1782a, 220-247, pi. 18b, figs. 
 10-14, pi. 19, figs. 1-14, type of Megocephalos 1782.
 
 THE SYNONYMY OF T^ENIA, ETC. 11 
 
 1782. / Pseudoechinorhynchm sp. GOSZE, 1782a, 138-139, pi. 9h, fig. 12. 
 
 1782. Tienia hydatigena WERNER, 1782, 13-17; for Vermin reniculari* ttniseformls 1780. 
 
 1782. T. vesicularifi txniie for mix BLOCH of Werner, 1782, 13. 
 
 1786. Vermis vesicular is tseniieformis BLOCH of Batsch, 1786a, 100, in synonymy. 
 
 1786. Hydatigena tienixformis BATSCH, 1786a, 100-106, figs. 12-16, 18, 20, 29-30, 46-47,49. 
 
 1788. ? Echinorhynchu* muris SCHRANK, 1788, 21; based on Pfteudoechinorhynchu* ep. 
 1782. 
 
 1788. Vesicaria tteniseformi* (BATSCH, 1786a) SCHRANK, 1788, 30. 
 
 1790. f Hseruca muris (SCHRANK, 1788) Ginelin, 1790a, 3050. 
 
 1790. 2-venia rnurinu GMELIJI, 1790a, 3060, not Dujanlin, 1845a; Hydatigena txniseformis 
 BATSCH, 1786a, renamed. 
 
 1790. T. hyddtige.ru i GMELIN, 1790a, 3060; based on Batsch, 1786a, 100, fig. 46. 
 
 1790. T. vespertilionis GMELIN, 1790a, 3060; based on Bloch, 1780a, 337. 
 
 1793. Vesicaria muris SCHRANK, 1793, 135, not accessible; see Dieting, 1850a, 492. 
 
 1795. Hydatnla marroceptuila hepatis musculi VIBORG, 1795, 241; not accessible; poly- 
 nomial; see Diesing, 1850a, 492. 
 
 1801. f Echinorhynchw lucruca LAMARCK, 1801, 336; for Pseudoechinorhynrhus sp. 
 
 GOEZE, 1782. 
 
 1802. ? E. hterucx Bosc, 1802, 4; for E. hferuca LAMARCK. 
 
 1803. Cysticercus tieniaefonnis (BATSCH, 1786a) ZEDER, 1803a, 405-406, pi. 4, fig. 6. 
 1808. C. fasciolaris RUDOLPHI, 1808a, 118-119; 1810a, 215-218. 
 
 1812. Hydatis mur'ma Bosc of Laennec, 1812, 157, in synonymy. 
 
 1812. II. hydatigena Bosc of Laennec, 1812, 157, in synonymy. 
 
 1812.'7tem'rt visceralis resicularis ticniseformis GOEZE, 1782, of Laennec, 1812. 157, in 
 
 synonymy. 
 
 1816. T. vexicularis fasctolata GOEZE, 1782a, of Lamarck, 1816, 154, in synonymy. 
 1816. Hydatigera fasdolaris (RUDOLPHI, 1808a) LAMARCK, 1816, 154. 
 1850. Hydatigena fasciolaris (RUDOLPHI, 1810a) DIESINC, 1850a, 492, in synonymy. 
 1850. Hydatigena hepalis murini GOEZE, 1782, of Diesing, 1850a, 489, in synonymy. 
 1861. Cysticercus crassicolis (fasciolaris) KOZBERLE, 1861a, 332. 
 
 SPECIES TJENIA PISIFORMIS (BLOCH, 1780) GMELIN, 1790. 
 
 STROBILA STAGE. 
 
 1782. f Taenia canina solium WERNER, 1782, 56, figs. 70-76; see Rudolphi, 1810a, 169 r 
 
 and Diesing, 1850a, 517. 
 1786. f T. cucurbitina y [cort/s] BATSCH, 1786a, 123-125; for T. canina solium Werner, 
 
 1782. 
 
 1790. f T. cucurbitina GMELIN, 1790a, 3067; for T. canina solium Werner, 1782. 
 1793. f T. serrata canis domestici et i-ulpis RUDOLPHI, 1793a, 37; see Rudolphi, 1810a, 170. 
 
 (?) "T. serrata GOE/E" of most recent authors since Kiichenmeister. 
 1861. "Tenia serrata GOEZE" of van Beneden, 1861a, 148-157. pi. 20. 
 
 CYSTIC STAGE. 
 
 1780. Vermis resicularix pisiformix BLOCH, 1780a, 338; 1782a, 25; Vermis vesicularis, use<l 
 
 as generic name, pisiformix as a specific name. 
 1782. Hydatigena pisiformis (BLOCH, 1780a) GOEZE, 1782a, 210-219, pi. 18a, figs. l-3 r 
 
 pi. 18b, figs. 4-7, in rabbits. 
 
 1782. H. utriculenta GOEZE, 1782a, 219-220, pi. 18b, figs. 8-9, in rabbits. 
 1786. //. cordata BATSCH, 1786a, 94-%, figs. 42-43; based on Goeze, 1782a, pi. 18b, 
 
 figs. 6-7, and p. 236, pi. 18b, figs. 15-17. 
 
 1786. //. utricularis BATSCH, 1786a, 99-HX); IF. utriculenta Goeze, 1782a, renauie<l. 
 1788. Vesicaria pisiformis (BLOCH, 1780a) SCHRANK, 1788, 30. 
 1788. V. utriculenta ( GOEZE, 1782a) SCHRANK, 1788. 30.
 
 12 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY 
 
 1790. Tirnia piriformis ( BLOCH, 1780a) GMELIX, 1790a, 3061. 
 1790. T. utricitlari* (BATscn, 1786a) GMELIX, 1790a, 3001. 
 1790. T. ntrdala (B.vrscti, 1786a) GMELIX, 1790a, 3061. 
 
 17JH). / T. jiiitiirii GMELIX, 1790a, 3060, based on Goeze, 1782a, 200, from the iltis; corn- 
 pan' Cynlicrrcug cordatus Tschudi, 1837. 
 
 1802. Ifydatnltt pifiiformi* (BLocii, 1782a) FKOKLICH, 1802a, 75-77. 
 
 1803. (.'iistuvrcu* pixiformis ( BLOCII, 1780a) ZEDER, 1803a, 410-411. 
 
 1803. fC. putorii (GMEUX, 1790a) ZEDEK, 1803a, 420. 
 
 1804. C. utricuientus ( GOEZE, 1782a) L.EXXEC, 1804, 136; 1812, 162-163. 
 1812. C. Hneatux pisiform ig ( BLOCH, 1780a) L.KXXEC, 1812, 160-161. 
 1816. Ifiidalis pisifvrmis (BLOCH, 178()a) LAMAKCK, 1816, 152-153. 
 
 1830. .' MoHostiima leporig Kmx, 1830?, 464, pi. II, figs. 6-7; not accessible. 
 
 18.37. fCystieercucordatuTKavD\, 1837, 59, pi. 2, fijp. 13-16. 
 
 1842. C. flimgatu* F. 8. LEI'CKART, 1842, 1-3, pi. 1, figs, la-c, from Le\iu* ntnicttlu*; 
 
 not Biiiinberp, 1882a, from cats and dogs. 
 1850. Mono*tmum kpn-i* (Kfnx, 1830?) DIESING, 1850a, 330. 
 1850. Hyddtigemi liejxitis uiunni DIESIXC;, 1850a, 489, in synonymy; based on Goeze, 
 
 17HL'a, 23(5, pi. 18b, figs. 15-17. 
 
 1861. C'yitk'trnui terrain* (pisiformis) KIEBERLE, 1861a, 328, 329, 332, 333. 
 1861. "C". pyitiforini* DIESIXO" of Beneden, 1861a, 148. 
 
 ScBOEXfs T-ffiNIABHYNCHUS WEIXLAXD, 1858. 
 
 1823. Pentaztoma VIREY, 1823, 219-220 (not Rudolphi, 1819); only hence type species 
 
 /'. coarrtata etjuals Tiruia saginata. 
 1858. Tfrniarhifnclms WEIXLAXD, 1858, 46-51; only hence type species Tirnia medio- 
 
 ranellata e<juals Kagiiiata. . 
 
 The status of Txniarhynchus is still sub judicc, but from the fact 
 that new species of Twit in without hooks are bejng described the indi- 
 cations seem to be in favor of recognizing this group as a subgenus. 
 At present this subgenus is possibly rather artificial, but somewhat 
 convenient. 
 
 G EXITS MTTLTICEPS GOEZE, 1782. 
 
 1782. Mullicep* GOEZE, 1782a, 42, 192, 250. Only hence type sj>ecies Tsrnia rexiruktri* 
 
 ecjuals socialist 1780; in brain of sheep. 
 1800. Polycephalux ZEDER, 18(X)a, 308-316; Mullicepx, renamed; hence type social!* 
 
 1780a. 
 1808. GocnurtU RCDOLPHI, 1808a, 120-122; Mnlticeps and Polycephalug, renamed; hence 
 
 type Kocialis 1780a. 
 
 1825. Cfciinrux CUVIER, 1825a, 90; for Ornurus. 
 1H44. Cannrns G<X)DSIH, 1844g, 570; misprint for Cn-nurus. 
 
 Opinion may differ as to whether this group should be given generic 
 or subgeneric rank. Personally we see no serious argument against 
 recognizing a distinct genus on basis of the " larval" stage. 
 
 SPECIES MTTLTICEPS SOCIALIS ( BLOCH, 1780a) STILES & STEVEXSOX, 19a=. 
 
 8TROBILA 8TAOE. 
 
 1853. Tamia cftnurus KCCHEXMEISTER, 1853, 449. 
 
 1861. T, ctrnura of KOCBERLE, 1861a, 183. 
 
 1861. T. c<rtiara of KCEBEKLE, 18()la, 332; misprint.
 
 THE SYNONYMY OF T^NTA, ETC. 13 
 
 1861. Tenia ccenurus (KUCHEXMEISTEK, 1853) VAN BENEDEX, 1861a, 146-148. 
 
 1861. T. canurus VAN BEXEDEN, 1861a, 144; misprint. 
 
 1863. T. [(Cystottenia)] ccenuru* KI'CHEXMEISTER, of Leuckart, 1863, 224. 
 
 CYSTIC STAGE. 
 
 1780. Tennis vesicularis socialis BLOCH, 1780a, 337; 1782a, 25-26; Vermis vesicular!* 
 used as generic name, soaialis used as specific name. Bee also Gwze, 1782a, 
 294, as syn. of Ticnia veincularig; Batsch, 1786a, 84, as syn. of Hydtttiyena 
 socialist; Schrank, 1788, 31, as syn. of Vesirana social!*; Gmelin, 1790a, 3062, 
 as syn. of Tienia cerebral!*; Zeder, ISOOa, 305, 308, as syn. of Polycephalus; 
 Zeder, 1803a, 430-431, as syn. of Polycepludus ovintix; Rudolphi, 1810a, 243, 
 as syn. of Oenurus cerebralis. 
 
 1782. Tienia resicularis GOSZE, 1782a, 248; for Vermin resicularis socialitt Bloch. 
 
 1782. T. resicularis cerebrina GOC/E, 1782a, 42, 192; for IVrwn'x resicularis social is Bloch. 
 
 1782. ^fult!cep8 GtKZE, 1782a. 42, 192, 250; type Ticnin rexicularin cerebrinn. 
 
 1786. IFydatigena cerebralls BATSCII, 1786a, 84-87, figs. 34-36; Verrnis vesicular!* xocialis 
 Bloch, 1780a; renamed. 
 
 1788. Vesicana social is (BLOCH, 1780a) SCHRANK, 1788, 31-32. 
 
 1790. Tienia cerebralis (BATSCH, 1786a) GMELIN, 1790a, 3062. 
 
 1800. T. visceralis multiceps G<EZE, 1782 of Zeder, 1800a, 305. 
 
 1800. Polycephalus ZEDER, 1800a, 308-316; Mulliceps Goe/e, 1782a, renamed. 
 
 1802. Ttenia multiceps (ZEDER, 1800a) RUDOLIMII, 1802, 207. 
 
 1803. Polycephalus ovinus ZEDER, 1803a, 430-431. 
 1803. P. bovinus ZEDER, 1803a, 431. 
 
 1808. Cfjenurus cerebralis (BATSCH, 1786a) RUDOLPHI, 1808a, 120-122. 
 
 1812. Polycephalus cerebralis (BATSCH, 1786a) L.EXXEC-, 1812, 168-169. 
 
 1816. Hydatis cerebralis (BATSCH, 1786a) BLITMENBACH, 1816a, 13. 
 
 1825. Ccenurus cerebralis (BATSCH, 1786a) CTVIER, 1825a, 90. 
 
 1837. Poli/cephalns ccenurus TSCHUDI, 1837, 45-49. 
 
 1855. Hidatula cerebralis (BATSCH) of Goldberg, 1855a, 79; in synonymy. 
 
 1861. Cysticercus ccenurus (KCCHEXMEISTER, 1853) KUCBEKLE, 1861a, 183. 
 
 SPECIES MULTICEPS SERIALIS (GERVAIS, 1845 or 1847) STILES & STEVEXSON 
 
 1905. 
 
 STROBILA STAGE. 
 
 1863. Tienia serialis (GERVAIS, 1845 or 1847) BAILLET, 1863, 452-182. 
 
 1864. 7'. ccenuri cuniculi DIESIXG, 1864a, 393; in synonymy. 
 
 CYSTIC STAGE 
 
 1847. Camurus serialis GERVAIS, 1847a, 98; probably 1845, 729, not accessible to us. 
 1864. Ccenurus cerebralis teporis cuniculi DIESIXG, 1864a, 394; in synonymy. 
 1877. Ccenurus scrialis (GERVAIS, 1847) DAVAINE, 1877a, xxxviii; misprint. 
 
 GENTS ECHINOCOCCTJS RCDOLPHI, 1801. 
 
 1782. Hijilatn (J(EZK, 1782a, 192; very doubtful whether this is used in a generic 
 sense; in syno.nymy. 
 
 1801. Echinococcus RTDOLPHI, 1801, 52-53; includes Tienia multiceps [type of Malticeps 
 
 1782 and Polycephalus \8QQi] and T;enia risceralis xocialix grannlosu Gtvze, 1782, 
 hence it is a deliberate renaming of a genus for which two names were 
 already available, but Rudolphi definitely mentions "die kornigen Blas^n- 
 wiirmer" (namely, granulosa) as basis of Echinococcut, hence this is the tyj^e 
 species; see also Rudolphi, 1802, 204.
 
 14 BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY. 
 
 1804. Acfphalocystie L.EXNEC 1804, 132, 134-135; 1812, 96-123, 130-155, 170-173; type 
 
 apparently EekvwcooetU yranulomut, by inclusion. 
 1819. Liococcu* HREMSER, 1819a, 249; type Echinococcus hominis, genus not adopted 
 
 by Bremser, 1819a. 
 
 1819. Splanchnococciis BRKMSEK, 1819a, 249; Echinococcti* renamed, hence same type. 
 1821. Acephalucyslus L.EXXEC of Merat, 1821, 229; for Acephalftcygtis 1904, hence same 
 
 type. 
 
 1829. .-lc<7>/i<(/ori>/i*CRrvEiLHiEH, lH29a, 198; for Acephalwysti* 1804, hence same type. 
 1829. ff Acruftonia LES.vrvAUE, 1829, 4*1-438; only hence type species, A. amnii; 
 
 prolmbly pathological structure of amnion. 
 
 1844. ? Anlom<i (.TOODSIR, 1844<1, 282; only hence type species .1. acejihalocyntisCiwdfir. 
 1844. ? Diko*tumn (JooDsm in Ciainlner, 1844a, 276; only hence type species D. 
 
 acfphalocyntig Goodsir. 
 
 1844 ?. ftiphxridion (TOODSIR; not accessible; see Gervais, 1847a, 92. 
 1856. Echinokukkux BUHL, 1856a, 429; for Echinococciit, hence same type. 
 1858. Echinococcijer WEIXLAXD, 1858, 52, 61, 85; type Tienia cchinococ&tt. 
 1894. fDiscottoma BRACN, 1894a, 982; for Diskostoma Goodsir, 1844, hence same type. 
 
 O
 
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