THE LIBRARY 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 A 
 
 SERIES of ANSWERS 
 
 AGAINST SEPARATING FROM THE 
 
 REBELLIOUS COLONIES, 
 
 AND 
 
 DISCARDING THEM ENTIRELY; 
 
 BEING THE 
 
 CONCLUDING TRACT 
 
 OF THE 
 
 DEAN OF GLOCESTER, 
 
 ON THE SUBJECT OF 
 
 AMERICAN AFFAIRS. 
 
 GLOCESTER: 
 PRINTED BY R. RAIKESj 
 
 AN D S O LD BY 
 
 TV C A D E L L, IN THE STRANP, LONDON^ 
 M.DCC.LXXVI,
 
 THE 
 
 Motives, which formerly 
 determined the Author to 
 poftpone his Animadveriions 
 on Mr. LOCKE'S Theory on 
 Government, fublift ftill in their full Vi- 
 gour: Or rather they have of late acquir- 
 ed additional Strength. For moft un- 
 doubtedly, cool Difquifitions and meta- 
 phyiical Speculations on the Origin of 
 civil Society, and the Nature of civil Go- 
 vernment, would be very little attended 
 to, if ufhered into the World during the 
 Heat of Action, and amidft the Flames of 
 War. But neverthelefs I beg Leave to 
 obferve, that tho' I have poftponed the 
 Subjed, in order to introduce the enfuing 
 A 2 Treatife, 
 
 521152
 
 iv PREFACE. 
 
 Treatife, which appears to be more fuit- 
 able to the prefent Juncture, I am far 
 from having abandoned my original Plan : 
 Having indeed made a considerable Pro- 
 grefs in the Work, and intending (God 
 willing) to lay it before the Public, as fooa 
 as a Pacification mail render fuch a Sub- 
 ject more feafonable, than it is at prefent.. 
 Jn the mean Time, I have further to ob- 
 ferve, that the Principles laid down in my 
 jyth Sermon, preached on the 3th of 
 January [printed for RIVINGTON] is the 
 Foundation, which I propofe to build up- 
 on : So that the Difccrning and Judicious- 
 may, if they pleafe, 'know before-hand, 
 whether the Foundation is folid, and firm 
 
 enough to fupport the Superftructure. 
 
 -nrj. .flrfcCflfuKflpm w^'-^'W* 1 
 
 I ' iJ "/"*: f -? 1 {tic 1 * ''H> ' 
 
 IN regard to the following Treatife, I 
 Tequefl the candid and impartial Reader 
 (for as to the bigoted, the uncandid, or 
 malevolent, I mufl leave them to aft as 
 they pleafe) to form his Judgment con- 
 cenu-'g it, not from a fmgle Circum- 
 ilance, or two, but from the whole Force 
 ot the Argument, conjidered in one View.- 
 
 It
 
 PREFACE. v 
 
 It may poffibly, nay probably be, that I 
 may be miftaken in a few Particulars, and 
 that I may have been impofed upon thro* 
 a wrong Information in others ; and yet 
 the main, grand Argument remain as firm 
 as ever. I will not therefore be anfwerable 
 for every minute Point, or trifling Circum- 
 ilance ; but I hold myfelf obliged to de- 
 fend the Truth, and Importance of the 
 general Doctrine. 
 
 MEN, who have a bad Caufe to defend, 
 will catch at Shadows, pretending to raife 
 mighty Triumphs on imaginary Victories, 
 in order to divert the Attention of the 
 Pleader from the main Point. But Men, 
 who are confcious of having Truth on 
 their Side, will be the leis attentive to 
 mere Circumdantialsj becaufe they know, 
 they are right as to EiTentials. I have 
 frequently experienced this Fact; and par- 
 ticularly in the Difpute between Dr. 
 FRANKLIN and myfelf : Which, as it has 
 an intimate Connection with the cnfuins: 
 
 o 
 
 Treatife, and will ferve to throw a flrong 
 
 Lighten certain Manoeuvres, now end . a- 
 
 A 3 voured
 
 vi PR'; E FACE. 
 
 voured to be concealed, I will lay before 
 the Public. 
 
 , 
 
 AT the very Time, when Dr. FRANK- 
 LIN oppofed the Stamp-Act, as being un- 
 conflitutional, and fubverfive of the Li- 
 berties of America, he was by the Favour 
 of his prefent Majefty, continued Pofl- 
 Mafter General for the Province of Penfil- 
 vania-. An Oiilce this! which, accord- 
 ing to his own Doctrine, was created by 
 an unconjliiiitional Act of a tyrannical Par- 
 liament in the Reign of Queen ANN, and 
 during the Adminiftration of the WHIGS. 
 However, as he could reconcile it to his 
 Confcience to enjoy this unconjlitutional t 
 lucrative Place ; fo it feems, that after the 
 Stamp Bill had paft into a Law, his Confci- 
 ence became lefs fqueamim in regard to 
 that alfo, as will appear by the Sequel. 
 
 Now, in the firft and fccond Editions 
 of my Fourth Tract, unhappily for me, 
 I had charged him with procuring a 
 Place for him/elf in the American Stamp- 
 Office ; whereas, alas! it proved to be 
 not for himfelf, but for his Friend. And as 
 
 . poor
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Vli 
 
 poor Culprit was thus detected in an Of- 
 fence of fo heinous a Nature, againft the 
 eternal Truth and Rectitude of Things, 
 great were the Exultations of the Doctor and 
 his patriotic Friends. Reader, I plead guilty 
 to the Indictment ; habes confitentem reum. 
 Therefore I will lay Dr. FRANKLIN'S own 
 State of the Cafe before you ; and this 
 the rather, becaufe his republican Agents 
 and Abettors, the Monthly Reviewers, 
 have dared me to publifh his own Ac- 
 count 3 hoping, I fuppofe, that I had mif- 
 laid my Voucher. 
 
 IN a Letter of his to me, dated March 2, 
 1774, are thefe identical Words: 
 " Some Days after the Stamp- Act was 
 " palTed, to which I had given all the Op- 
 " pofition I could with Mr. GRENVILLE, 
 " I received a Note from Mr. WHEAT- 
 " LEY, his Secretary, [the fame WHEAT- 
 LEY, whofe Papers were afterward sjlokn 3 
 and confeffed to be in the Pofiefiion of Dr. 
 FRANKLIN, and whofe Nephew was in 
 Danger of being murdered^ for endeavour- 
 ing to trace out the original Theft] 
 4t defiring to fee me the next Morning. 
 A 4 "I
 
 Via PREFACE. 
 
 " I waited upon him accordingly, and 
 " found with him feveral other Colony- 
 " Agents. He acquainted us, that Mr. 
 " GRENVILLE was defirous to make the 
 " Execution of the Ad as little inconve- 
 '' nient and difagreeable to the Americans 
 " at> poffible, and therefore did not think 
 *' of fending Stamp Officers from hence ; 
 " but wimed to have dijcreet and reputa- 
 " ble Perfons appointed in each Province, 
 " from among the Inhabitants, fuch as 
 *' would be acceptable to them. For as 
 " they were to pay the Tax, he thought 
 " Strangers fhould not have the Emolu- 
 " ments. Mr. WHEAT LEY therefore 
 " wimed us to name for our refpedtive 
 ' Colonies, informing us, that Mr. 
 " GRENVILLE would be obliged to us for 
 ** pointing out to him honeft and refponfible 
 *' Men, and would pay great Regard to our 
 46 Nomination. By this plaufible, and ap- 
 < ( parently candid Declaration, ive ivere 
 *' drawn in to nominate : A nd I named for 
 *' our Province Mr. HUGHES, faying at 
 *' the fame Time, that I knew not whe- 
 ff ther he would accept of it. I was only 
 
 " fure
 
 PREFACE. i* 
 
 f f fure, that if he did, he would execute 
 '< the Office faithfully. I foon after ha4 
 *' Notice of his Appointment." 
 
 Now, can any Man in his Senfes really 
 believe, by perufing this Letter, that ei- 
 ther Dr. FRANKLIN, or any of the Colo- 
 ny-Agents conceived fuch dreadful Ideas, 
 at that Juncture, of the en/laving Nature 
 and horrid Tendency of this Stamp-Act, 
 as have been fo artfully imputed to it? 
 No : I am fure, he cannot in his Confci- 
 ence believe any fuch Thing. Yet the 
 whole Band of Mock-Patriots, and Repub- 
 lican-Zealots held this very Language in 
 all their Harangues both before, and lince; 
 reprefenting the poor Stamp-Act as a 
 Monfter more deftructive to the human 
 Race, than the mod terrible, death-doing 
 Giants in Romance. All therefore that 
 can be fairly and juftly concluded from the 
 Tenor of this Extract is, that the Colony- 
 Agents, after having made that Kind of 
 Oppofition which is ujually made to every 
 new Tax, conceived, that they had gone 
 far enough, and that now it was Time 
 
 to
 
 x PREFACE. 
 
 to acquiefce* and to have recourfe to other 
 Meafures of a more pacific Turn. 
 
 As therefore Peace and Harmony were 
 again reflored, or at the worft, were very- 
 likely to be reflored in a fhort Time ; 
 from whence comes the prefent Fiend 
 of Fury and Difcord among us ? Reader, 
 I will not mince the Matter, but declare 
 at once, it came from the REGENCY 
 BILI, : That fatal Bill has brought on 
 all the Calamities, which both Great-Bri- 
 tain and America have fuffered, or are 
 likely to fufFer in the prefent War. To 
 make this clearly appear, if it wants 
 any Illuftration, I would obferve, that it 
 had been the conftant Practice with the 
 Mock-Patriots and Republicans, for many 
 Years, to reprefent the late Princefs Dow- 
 ager of Wales in the moft odious Co- 
 lours, and to afperfe her Character in 
 almofl every Refpeft : In which Endea- 
 vour they had certainly fo far fucceeded, 
 as to render her extremely unpopular. 
 Therefore, when the Regency-Bill was 
 tp be framed, the Minifler, [Mr. GREN- 
 
 VILLE]
 
 PREFACE. xi 
 
 VILLE] thought it the mofl prudent Way 
 to get it conflru&ed in fuch a Manner, as 
 to omit her Name, and confequently to ex- 
 clude her from being Regent. This 
 was Handle enough for wily, and ma- 
 chiavahan Politicians to take hold of. 
 Confequently, they, who had fo lately, 
 and fo grofsly abufed and infulted, now as 
 much flattered and cajoled her, offering 
 ail their Weight and Affiftance to ferve 
 her in this Caufe. The Bait took; her 
 Name was inferted in the Regency- Bill-, 
 the Stamp-Minifler was difmifled ; and 
 they of courfe fucceeded in his Room. 
 And then indeed, out of mere Neceffity 
 (for I do not believe it was their inward 
 Choice) they were compelled to repeal 
 that Stamp-Adi:, againft which they had 
 fo long, and fo vehemently exclaimed. 
 But alas ! Confcious to themfelves, that 
 they had done exceedingly wrong, they 
 endeavoured to mend the Matter, Tinker 
 like, by making it much worfe ; hoping 
 (vainly hoping) to patch up the Breach 
 they had made in the Conftitution, by 
 the Soldering of a declaratory Law. But 
 
 the
 
 xii PREFACE. 
 
 the Americans, now taught to know their' 
 own Importance (a Doctrine, which they 
 were always ready to learn) and feeling 
 their own Strength in our Weaknefs, re- 
 jected the Expedient with Diictain. The 
 only Ufe, to which they put it, was to 
 fwell their Catalogue of pretended Griev- 
 ances with this additional one of an en- 
 Jlaving declaratory Law. And to be fure, 
 it ferved admirably well for that purpoie, 
 But for no other. For as to any Thing 
 dfe,- To pretend to bind the Colonies in 
 all Cafes whatfoever, after having given 
 fuch a recent Proof, that we dared not 
 bind them to pay even an Halfpenny Tax 
 on a News-Paper, was fuch an inftance of 
 Gafconading Folly as is hardly to be pa- 
 rallelled. No Wonder then, that the Co- 
 lonifts mould firft treat it as a ridiculous 
 Bravado ; and then make ufe of it as a 
 Weapon againft ourtelves, by putting it 
 into their Lift of imaginary Wrongs. 
 
 THEREFORE, let Mr. BURKE (or the 
 admirable and excellent Mr. BURKE, as Dr. 
 PRICE ililes him) call me Court Vermin > 
 
 as
 
 PREFACE. xiii 
 
 as long as he pleafes ; yet as long as I can 
 crawl, I will ever maintain, that the Rock- 
 ingham Admin ifbration were the Caufe, the 
 exciting Caufe I mean, of the prefent War, 
 and of all the Calamities derived from it. 
 
 Hoc fonte derivata clades 
 
 In patrian:^ populumque fluxit. 
 
 Moreover if the declaratory Law, which en- 
 acts, that the Britifli Legiilature has a Right 
 to bind theUolonies in all Cafes whatsoever; 
 is fo very bad, fo tyrannical, and detefta- 
 ble, as Dr. PR ICE, and \htRt\sz\ Americans 
 now reprefent it; I do further alTert that 
 that identical patriotic Adminiftration, and 
 particularly Mr. BURKE, were the Authors 
 of this very Law. Dr. PRICE knew, as 
 well as any Man living, that fuch was the 
 State of the Cafe : But he had not the In- 
 genuity to acknowledge it. On the con- 
 trary by inferting this among others, in 
 his Recital of pretended Grievances, he 
 ha c led the unwary Reader to fuppofe, 
 that the declaratory Act, as well as the 
 reft of the fad Oppreffions under which 
 the poor Americans groaned, proceeded all 
 from the fame hateful Caufe, from the 
 
 fame
 
 jiiv PREFACE. 
 
 fame wicked, and execrable Miniftry ; or 
 rather from Sets of fuccemVe, tyrannical 
 Minifters, the fole Authors of all thofe 
 Evils, of which the Colonifts have fo loud- 
 ly, and according to him, fo juftly com- 
 plained. Whereas the .Truth is, that at 
 leaft one of thefe pretended galling Ame- 
 rican Chains was forged by his own dear 
 patriotic Friends and Favourites, the Rock-* 
 ingham Adminiftration. 
 
 READER, this learned Gentleman Dr. 
 PRICE has wrote an elaborate Treadle on 
 moral Obligation : In which he lays down 
 Pofitions, which are fufficiently flrict* 
 Compare them therefore, I befeech you, 
 with his own latitudinarian Practice, his 
 own lax Conduct and Behaviour in this 
 whole Affair. As to the declaratory Law 
 refpecting the Colonies; againft which he 
 inveighs fo bitterly, as if it were the novel 
 Ofspring of a modern, wicked Adminiftra- 
 tion, and a corrupt Parliameat; it is, [con- 
 fidered in itfelf, and not connected with 
 the Repeal of the Stamp-Act] no other 
 (and that likewife Dr. PRICE knew per- 
 fectly
 
 PREFACE. x * 
 
 fedtly well) than a Copy of the declaratory 
 Law of the 6th of G. I. refpefting Ire- 
 land, and the re-ena&ing of the 7th and 
 8th of WILLIAM III. refpecling America? 
 All thefe WHIG Princes ! WHIG Parlia- 
 ments ! And WHIG Adminiftrations ! 
 
 INTRODUCTION
 
 1 I T U d G -H T M 
 
 on*! 
 
 y.*.Q 
 
 rjt/1 3ff; j 
 
 >o &ij ao 
 
 oT ,." RO n mo ft 
 
 
 ; 
 
 tot 
 
 ^ bn& no^&xcT Taut 
 ' ?]01oidj.; 
 
 a briij ^-^o .i es , 
 :i^ So. - 
 
 W 3 sda) 
 
 x3 *?& 
 

 
 HE Propofal for fepararing to- 
 tally from North-America is ob- 
 ferved to make Converts every 
 Day; it being now acknow- 
 ledged by thinking People of all 
 Denominations, that there can be no Medium, 
 between legal Subjection to the fupreme Legif- 
 lature on the one Hand, and an abfolute Sepa- 
 ration from it on the other. To pretend to 
 make DiftincYions in this Cafe is idle and vain ; 
 for the Nature of Things will not admit of 
 them. 
 
 IN Fact, were Taxation and Reprefentation 
 fo eflentially connected, and fo abiblutely infe- 
 parable, as Mr. LOCK and his Followers would 
 make us believe , then moft certainly every 
 Man's Content [the Confent of every moral 
 Agent of every Sex and Condition] ought to be 
 B pretiioujly
 
 x INTRODUCTION. 
 
 previously obtained for dive/ling him, her, or 
 them of any Part of his, her, or their natural 
 Rights and Liberties in any RefpeEl whatever. 
 For indeed our perfonal Rights are nearer and 
 dearer to us, and are more eflentially our own 
 [our own Property] than any adventitious Ac- 
 cefllon of Lands or Tenements, Goods or 
 ChaftelO Nay, in Facl,. without the former, it 
 would be impoflible either to acquire,, or to en- 
 
 joy the latter.. 
 
 a J 
 
 <*r ^$T~> 
 
 - ... U7ii- 
 
 . HENCE therefore it follows a fortiori, that the 
 A6t of Navigation, and every other retraining 
 or prohibitory Law made long ago, without 
 the Choice or Concurrence of the Americans ei- 
 ther by themfelves or their Reprefentatives, yet 
 enforced by a Confifcation of Goods, an Impri- 
 ibnment of their Perfons, and by various other 
 corporal. Punifhments v muft, according 6 
 this Toclrine, be a more notorious Violation of 
 their "riat'urarkiglits and Property, and indeed a 
 much forer Tax, than a paultry Halfpenny 
 Stamp Jaid on a News- Paper. Therefore be- 
 tween Separation and legal- Subfeccion there can 
 
 .1 J 
 
 be no Medium: There is- no Line t-o be 
 
 drawn. 
 
 
 THE former Treatifo, written By tfeAttthc* 
 in Favour of a total Separation, have never 
 
 ^ 
 
 - -J l_ 
 
 been.
 
 INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 been attempted to be anfweredj not one ca- 
 pital Fad:- pretended to be denied ; not one 
 Argument refuted; not one Conclufion dif- 
 proved. Low, fcurriloqs Epithets, iuch as 
 child{fli^ vijionary, mercenary, mad^ &c. &c. have 
 been the only Mode adopted for anfwering thefe 
 Treatifes. The Reader therefore will be at no 
 Lofs in difcovering the true and only Reafon, 
 why other Kinds of Anfwers were not given. 
 
 
 BUT it is rather fingular, and to fome Perfons 
 
 may appear unaccountable, why fo many of the 
 Americans themfelves, and why all their repub- 
 lican Abettors here at Home, mould condemn, 
 this Propofal of an amicable Separation with 
 inch Afperity of Language, as they have been 
 known to do, and with fuch heavy Execrations 
 on its Author ,--- a Propofal, which they cannot 
 but confefs, would put a total End to all their 
 prefent Complaints, and redrefs every Grievance 
 pretended to be impofed upon them by Great- 
 Britain. 
 
 NEVERTHELESS, it is not difficult to find out 
 the Caule of fuch Overflowings of Malevolence. 
 Every American, who is not intoxicated with the 
 vifionary Schemes of a growing Empire, and of 
 perfonal Grandeur, well knows, that the petty 
 American States and Republics could not fubfift 
 B 2 in
 
 xii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 in any Degree of Safety, without the Afliftancc 
 of Great-Britain, to defend them both from fo- 
 reign and domeftic Enemies: And that the 
 Expences of maintaining a Fket and Army, of 
 building FbrtreiTes, and of fortifying Ports and 
 Harbours, of fupporting the Eclat of an inde- 
 pendent Civil Government in each Province, 
 would be about ten Times as great as the Sum 
 wh'jch'the Parent State mould levy on or require 
 from them, by Way of contributing their Share 
 towards the general Defence of the Empire. 
 Therefore the wary Americans do not chufe to 
 part with thefe Benefits, while a PofTibility re- 
 mains of perfuading the credulous Englifli flill 
 to continue them, 
 
 $ I'-IVTUATA'Jl'fcoi'r**' 
 
 THE -Republicans at Home aremoft violently 
 incenfed againft the Author of this Propofal, 
 becaufe it would quafh at once all their darling 
 Projects of introducing fimilar Liberty-Meet- 
 ings, frmilar Congrefics, and fimila* Forms f 
 Government here in Britain-,. and becaufe it 
 v/ould cut ofF all Pretences for clamouring a- 
 gainft Government on Account of its tyrannizing 
 over the natural Risjits and Liberties of their 
 
 \ ^ 
 
 dear perfecuted Bcethren, the poor* innocent 
 Americans. 
 
 ' 
 
 [WHILST I was writing the above, the fol- 
 lowing incendiary Paragraph, inferted in the 
 
 Lends*.
 
 INTRODUCTION, xiii 
 
 London Evening Pojl^ Augttfl r, 1776, as foon 
 as the Nation was informed, that the King's 
 Forces had obliged the Rebels to evacuate 
 Canaddyvm put into my Hands, as a Corro- 
 boration of Avhat I was here advancing. 
 
 .i ntlto 3l; 
 '01*$" SOMETHING muft be DONE. 
 
 <c LET the Merchants meet at Guildhall, fe- 
 " rioufly deliberate, and DETERMINE: Let 
 *' them invite the Lords, and Members of the 
 " Oppofttion to .JOIN THEM : Let them make 
 <c their APPEAL -TO THE PEOPLE AT LARGE, 
 " and to the City of London in particular : 
 " Let them openly declare, that nothing but 
 *< -Neceflity, and the Principle of Self-Preierva- 
 " tion [CATALINE'J Speech exafl/y, fee his Ha- 
 rangue in SAXUST] " induced them to take this 
 c important Step : And let them call themlelves, 
 " THE COMMITTEE OF CONSERVATION." This 
 Language is fo plain, that it needs no Com- 
 ment. He that runs may read. 
 ;i alorjad L 
 
 NOTHING now remains, in order to finifh this 
 Controverfy, but to obviate certain Objections 
 Yaifed by the Crafty, fwallowed by the Credu- 
 lous, and terrible only to the Ignorant, againft 
 the Idea of a total Separation. And therefore, 
 to put thefe Objections in as ftrong a Light as 
 poffible, I mail here introduce them- in the 
 B 3 Form
 
 xiv INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Form of Queftions ; in order that the Reader 
 may the better judge, Whether their refpeftive 
 Anfwers, taking the whole Series together, be 
 faubfadory or not, 
 
 i- -ta^ 
 
 -j,'. \ sr^ T:vn /n* 
 
 EAK'^AvWft'O^it 
 
 '3 ; 3 FT r; a' 'J^'S'^A ~i < M!> ' 
 
 *- , j 
 
 - 'n&'&.r .^I^%jar.: - 1 
 
 id 
 
 
 *i$7<?.' 
 
 .d-jO ^ 
 
 '.'k'J l 
 
 . 
 
 A
 
 SERIES of ANSWERS 
 
 TO CERTAIN 
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS, 
 
 ENTIRE SEPARATION 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 NORTHERN COLONIES. 
 
 OBJECTION I. 
 
 fliall the Merchants and Ma- 
 ,-f& nufacturers of Great-Britain reco* 
 
 gj TT toA? 
 
 >i'A ver their Property out of the Hands 
 of the Americans, or fue for their 
 a Debts, in Cafe of a Separation ? 
 
 ANSWER i. WHILE Great-Britain and Ame- 
 rica remain connected together under any Form 
 B 4 of
 
 16 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 of Government whatever, this Difficulty of re- 
 covering Englljh. Property out of the Han.ds o. 
 the Colonifts will never ceafe: And a total Sepa- 
 ration is the moft effectual Cure In Fact, thofe 
 Americans, who have contracted larger Debts 
 than they are difpofed to pay, or who want to 
 flop an Importation of more Goods from the 
 Mother-Country, 'till their own [perhaps da- 
 maged] Stores are fold off at an exorbitant Pro- 
 fit jthefe Men will never ceafe to exclaim, 
 tinder one Pretence or other, againft the Eng- 
 lifli Government, as long as the Connection 
 fhall fubfift. Faults and Imperfections, more 
 or Icfs, there are, and ever will be; but it is 
 much eafier to caricature real Faults, and to in- 
 vent imaginary ones at the Diftance of 3000 
 Miles, than if the Scene of Action had been at 
 Hand. When a Separation mall enfue, the 
 Faults in the American Government, be they 
 what they may, will then be all their own: 
 "Whereas every Thing which they diflike at pre- 
 feht is imputed to us ; and on this they ground 
 their repeated Injuries and Ads of Injuilice. 
 
 .fteoO 
 
 ANSWER 2. ENGLISH Creditors always found 
 more Trouble in fecuring or recovering their 
 Property in America, and in collecting their 
 .Debts, than in any other Part of the Globe. 
 Our former Acts of Parliament, during; the 
 
 * jV * *^ 
 
 Reigns
 
 PO-PULAR OBJECTIONS. IT 
 
 Reigns of WILLIAM III. and of GEO. I. and II,. 
 and alfo the Remonftrances of our. Board of 
 Trade, are full of Complaints on this Head. 
 
 -^ H[ p.! 
 
 ANSWER 3. In Cafe of a total Separation, 
 each Colony or Province will then becom.e in- 
 depent, and a jealous Rival, of its Neigh- 
 bour. No common Caufe or common Intereft 
 will unite them together : And the Fears and 
 Jealoufies of Trade \yill more effectually operate 
 in fuch a Cafe, to enfure their Honefty and 
 punctual Dealings, than the better Principles of 
 
 Confcience and Religion. In fhort, each inde- 
 
 . ' * . 
 
 pendent State will then be an independent rival 
 
 Shop : And that Shopkeeper, who will ufe his 
 Cuftomers beft, will infallibly get the moft 
 
 Cuftom. 
 
 ' 
 
 v 
 
 ANSWER 4. WERE any of thefe numerous 
 petty States or Republics to refufe at any Time, 
 after a proper Requifition had been made in 
 Form, to do Juflice to the Englifh Merchant or 
 Creditor, a few fmall Ships of War fent to their 
 Coafts, not to make Conquejls, but Reprifals ac- 
 cording to the Law of Nations, would foon teach 
 them to be more obfervant of the Rules of 
 Juftice and good Faith, than they are difpofed 
 to be. And the other Provinces, their Neigh- 
 bours and Rivals, inftead of arming in their De- 
 fence, would rejoice at their Chaftifement. 
 
 OBJECTION
 
 jg S ! ERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 J 
 
 v w v^ia^VMMf^**^ 
 
 OBJECTION II. 
 
 HOW lhalt we prevent the Weft-India Iflands 
 from falling under the Power of the 
 growing Empire of America* in Cafe of a Sepa- 
 ration ? 
 
 ANSWER i. THE Northern and Southern 
 Colonies of America have, and ever had, an in- 
 veterate Hatred and Antipathy againft each 
 other. And nothing prevents this from break- 
 ing out into Action * even at prefent, but the 
 Apprehenfion of common Danger. Remove, 
 therefore, this Apprchenfion, and then there 
 will remain no central Attraction uniting them 
 in one common League or general Affociation. 
 And without fuch a Confederacy, it will be in> 
 poffible for any one of thefe Republics to make 
 the Conqueft here propofed, 
 
 .IjOH- 
 
 ANSWER 2. SHOULD two or three of thefe 
 little Republics join together in fuch an Expe- 
 dition a the reft would oppofe them of Courfe to 
 
 
 * See the American Pamphlet Plain. Truth in Anfwcr 
 to Amsrican Gommn Se>-fe. 
 
 the
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 19 
 
 the utmoft of their Power, and would invite 
 Great-Britain to aid and aflift them. The very 
 Principle of Jealoufy, natural to all States, ef- 
 pecially to Imall Republics, would drive them 
 to thefe Meafures. For they would immediately 
 fee, that the Aggrandizement of their Rivals 
 foreboded their own Deftruction. And Great- 
 Britain would at all Times be capable of hold- 
 ing the Balance of Power between thefe little, 
 querulous, fretful Stares, by never inclining it 
 too much to any one Side, fo as to enable it to 
 
 give Law to the reft. 
 
 '-" 
 
 ANSWER 3. SUPPOSE the word; fuppofeall 
 thefe Colonies firmly united together under one 
 Head [we know not how, nor why, nor when] 
 yet even in fuch a Cafe, the paultry little Iflands 
 in the American Seas would be no Object ade- 
 quate to the Ambition of fuch an Empire. For 
 after the firft Plunder was over, (and if Plunder 
 alone was to be the Motive, it would not repay 
 a tenth Part of the Expence of the Expedition) 
 nothing farther could be obtained from fuch 
 Spots without continual hard Labour, frefti 
 Capitals, new Stocks of Slaves, a peaceable 
 Bartering of Goods, with a long commercial 
 
 *J * ^y 
 
 Intercourfe, &c. &c. Whereas the rich and 
 large Countries of Mexico, Peru, and the Brazils 
 be more likely Objects to roufc their Am- 
 bition,
 
 20 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 bition, and tempt their Avarice-, and they 
 would foon be at War with the Spaniards and 
 
 __^ 
 
 ANSWER 4. SUPPOSE neverthelefs, and againft 
 all Probability, that the North- Americans not 
 only took PofTefTion of thefe Iflands, but alfo 
 kept them, and cultivated, or rather permitted, 
 and encouraged their new Subjefts^ the original 
 Proprietors or Planters to cultivate them, and 
 to raife Sugars, and every other Weft- India Pro- 
 duce -, what would be the Confequence ? 
 "Nothing but this, that the Britijh Merchants 
 would in that Cafe buy Sugars, Rum, Ginger, 
 Cotton, &c. &c. juft as they now buy Wines, 
 Fruit, Oils, Coffee, Chocolate, &c. &c. ; tftat 
 is, at the beft and cheapejt Market. And it is a 
 Fact well known in the commercial World, that 
 were we permitted to enjoy the like Liberty at 
 prelent, we might purchafe Sugars and Rum 
 jilmoft Cent, per Cent, cheaper than we now do, 
 by being confined to the Market of our Sugar 
 Planters. Moreover in that Cafe, we fhould 
 probably be obliged through NeceJJity to do that 
 Jujtice, and to make that Rejlitution^ to a great 
 Part of our Fellow Creatures, which we ought 
 to. have done long ago, by Choice, and through 
 a Principle of mere Humanity^ to fay nothing 
 of higher Motives : That is, we Ihould teach 
 
 the
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 2* 
 
 the much-injuredNatives of Africa^ which might 
 cafily be done, and at a fmall Expence, to cul- 
 tivate their own luxuriant and fpontaneous 
 Sugar Canes, and to manufacture Sugars, and 
 feveral. other Commodities, and more efpecially 
 Rice and Indigo, in their own native Country, 
 who ^ould then exchange fuch Produce for our 
 European Goods and Manufactures: Inftead 
 of this, we make Slaves of thefe poor Wretches, 
 contrary to every Principle, not only of Huma- 
 nity and Juftice, but alfo of national Profit and 
 Advantage , as I have often proved in feveral 
 of my. Writings both Commercial and Theolo- 
 gical : We, I fay, the boafted Patrons of Li- 
 berty, and the profefied Advocates for the na- 
 tural Rights of Mankind, engage deeper in this 
 murderous inhuman Traffic than any Nation 
 whatever: And to mew our Confidence, we 
 glory in it \ 
 
 I might likewife add, that the Cane grows 
 ipontaneoofly in Sicily 9 whtre immenfe Quan- 
 tities of Sugar might be made, were the Neapo.- 
 Htan Government to give the lead Encourage- 
 ment i or rather, were the Court of Nap/esonce 
 to fee its own Intereft, by removing the many 
 heavy Burthens, which are now laid cxprefsly 
 with a View [Oh, cruel Infatuation ' abfurd 
 Tyranny !] to check and prevent the Induftry,
 
 a* SERIES OF 
 
 Riches, and Population of the prolific Sicilians; 
 This therefore is another ftriking Inltance of the 
 Practicability of making Sugars by Means of 
 common Day-Labourers and hired Servants, 
 without any Slaves at all. For the Peafants of 
 Sicily could as well ftand the Heat of the Cli- 
 mate in the Culture of Canes and the Manu- 
 facture of Sugars, as in their prefent Occupa- 
 tion. 
 
 Now the Advocates for Republicanifm, and 
 for the fuppofed Equality of Mankind, ought 
 to have been the foremoft in fuggefting fome 
 fuch humane Syftem for abolifhing the worft of 
 all the Species of Slavery, viz. that of the do- 
 meftic or predial Kind. But, alas! all Repub- 
 licans antient and modern, as far as Hiftory and 
 Experience can inform us, fugged no other 
 Schemes but thofe of pulling down and level- 
 ling all Diftinctions above them, and of tyran- 
 nizing over thofe miferable Beings, who are un 
 fortunately placed below them. 
 
 d 
 
 bofo'i 
 
 - . . : i.;.i f yii^-iB A? 
 
 . 
 
 OBJECTION
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS, 23 
 
 OBJECTION III. 
 
 HOW mall we prevent the North-Americans 
 from becoming a formidable maritime 
 Power in Cafe of a Separation ? 
 
 ANSWER i. WE may always prevent, if we 
 pleafe, any one of thefe States from fwallowing 
 up the reft : In the Execution of which we 
 fhall be fure of obtaining the Affiftance and 
 Good -Will, and not the Execration, of the 
 neighbouring rival States. And this Circum- 
 ftance alone will prevent their becoming a for- 
 midable naval Power. 
 
 ANSWER 2. THE American Coafts, from St. 
 Auguftine up to Chsfapeake Bay^ are generally 
 lhallow, and not fo fit for capital Ships of War, 
 as for fmaller VeiTels from 100 to 600 Tons 
 Burthen. This is another infuperable Bar againft 
 that Part of America ever becoming very for- 
 midable by Sea. And as to the other Part from 
 Chefapeake Bay up to Cape Breton, tho' there are 
 ieveral good Ports on that Coaft, yet they labour 
 under many Inconveniences: And it may be 
 obferved in general, that the Coafts of Great- 
 
 Eritain
 
 *4 SERIES o* ANSWERS TO 
 
 Britain and Ireland have more than double, or 
 even treble, the Number of good, fafc, and 
 deep Harbours, and are never annoyed with Ice 
 or Fogs, which are to be found in all the rebel* 
 lious Provinces of North- America. 
 
 ANSWER 3. THE Sea Coafts of North-America 
 ire generally barren and unhealthy, if compared 
 with thofe vaft and fruitful Regions, which lie 
 beyond the AlUgahenny Mountains, and ap- 
 proaching the Borders of the great Lakes. 
 Thither many of the Americans who dwelt near 
 the Sea Coafts have removed already : And the 
 prefent Difturbances will oblige them to do fo in 
 llill greater Numbers. New Governments and 
 new Common -Wealths, half civilized and half fa- 
 vage, will ftart up in thofe diftant Regions : For 
 every Topic and every Argument which the Sea 
 Coaft Americans now urge againft the Mother 
 Country, will be retorted with double Force a- 
 gainft themfelves by the diftant Back-Settlers. 
 Nay,ftrange Feuds and Animofitieshave rifen al- 
 ready in many Places on this very Score. So that 
 the Americans remaining in the Sea- Port Towns 
 will have Work enough on their Hands to 
 maintain their Authority over their own People, 
 the remote Back-Settlers, or Englifli Tartars 
 (as Mr. BURKE calls them) without quarrelling 
 v/ith the great maritime Powers of Europe. And 
 
 if
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 25 
 
 if there mould be any naval Engagements be- 
 tween the new, and old Republicans on the 
 great Lakes of Erie^ Ontario^ &c. &c. me r 
 thinks, we 'here in Britain can have as little to 
 do with them in Point of national Intereft, or 
 Honour, as we fhould have with a Sea-fight 
 in the Moon, or in the Planets. 
 
 ANSWER 4. GRANTING even that the Nor- 
 thern Continent of America was to be united in 
 one great Empire -, and granting alfo that that 
 Empire was to become formidable by Sea; 
 ilill what Reafon is there to think, that this 
 
 new maritine Power would have any Induce- 
 
 > ' 
 
 ment either of Intereft, or Ambition to quar- 
 rel with Great-Britain ? If Conqueft was to 
 be their Object, they furely would never 
 think of invading and conquering Great-Bri- 
 tain, fo far diftant from them ; [a wild Scheme 
 not only difficult, but morally impofTibleJ 
 efpecially confidering, that they would have 
 fuch inviting Objects nearer at Hand in South- 
 America ^ and infinitely more eafy to be fub- 
 dued. But if their Aims were only to be 
 directed towards the Extention and Protec- 
 tion of their Trade and Navigation ; they 
 certainly would v/ifh to keep well with Great- 
 Britain^ their beft Cuftomer in Peace, and their 
 moft dangeroiu Eneniy in War. 
 
 G OBJECTION
 
 26 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 OBJECT 10 N IV. 
 
 WILL not the prefent War, now carried 
 on with To much Rancour and Animo- 
 fky, prevent the Englifli and the Americans from 
 trading with each other in Cafe of a Separation. 
 
 ANSWER i. IF there be any Force in this 
 Objection, the fooner a Separation fhall take 
 Place, the better ; for nothing fhort of this can 
 be a radical Cure. Suppofe, for Irrflance, that 
 the Britifh 1 egiflature had yielded to die late 
 Demands of the American Congrefs, before they 
 openly declared for abfolute Independence : 
 That is, fuppoie they had granted, that the 
 Americans fhould always enjoy the Rights, Pri- 
 vileges, .and Protections of Englijhmen, without 
 being obliged to contribute a Farthing towards 
 the general Expence: In that Cafe the whole 
 Britifli Nation would have been highly and 
 juftly incenfed againll the Authors of fuch an 
 infamous Conceflion, a Conceflion, which 
 would in Fact have made America the Sovereign^. 
 and Great-Britain the fubjeft and tributary State. 
 And then even the Mock-Patriots themfelves 
 would have changed their Notes, wsuld have 
 
 exclaimed
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 27 
 
 exclaimed againft wicked Minifters for betray- 
 ing their Country to the ungrateful, rebel Ame- 
 ricans, and have clamoured for Impeachments. 
 
 GRANTING on the other Hand, that the Ame- 
 ricans fubmitted to pay thofc Quotas which the 
 Eriti/h Parliament (hould require for the general 
 Defence of the Empire; ftill this would be 
 only a pretended Submiflion, which would laft 
 no longer than while the Rod hung over them. 
 For as foon as ever an Opportunity mould offer, 
 they would immediately r volt ; and then we 
 fhould have the fame Work to do over again, 
 with greater Difficulties, and encreaied Expences. 
 Indeed the famous American Pamphlet, called 
 Common Senfe^ hath put this whole Matter in fo 
 (bong a Light, that more need not be faid on 
 the Subject. Therefore in this fingle Aflertion, 
 tho' in very few others, I entirely agree with 
 the Authors, [fuppofed to be Dr. FRANKLIN 
 and Mr. ADAMS] IT is TIME TO PART. Nay, 
 every Man of every Denomination is fo tho- 
 roughly convinced, that the Colonies will and 
 mult beconie independent one Time or other, 
 that the only Point to be decided is, at which 
 Time, or at what Juncture, can fuch a Separa- 
 tion be made with the moft Benefit, or, if you 
 pleale, with the leaft Detriment to the Mother 
 Country ? And the Anfwer to this Enquiry is 
 very obvious, No Time like the lime prefent. 
 
 C 2 ANSWER
 
 28 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 ANSWER 2. IN regard to the Difficulties 
 in bringing the Merchants of each Country to- 
 Trade again with each other ; let it be ob- 
 ferved, as the univerfal Rule with Merchants 
 and Traders of all Countries, Religions, and 
 Languages, that felf Intereft needs no Recon- 
 ciliation: For Trade is not carried on for the 
 Sake of Friendlhip, but of Intereft. If after 
 a Separation, the Colonifts fhall find, that they 
 can trade to greater Advantage with us, than 
 with others, they certainly will, not for our 
 Sakes, but for their own. And in Times of 
 the profoundeft Peace, and the greateft Har- 
 mony, they never acted on any other Principle. 
 
 INDEED it is now become evident, that it ever 
 was, and ever will be impoflible for the Parent- 
 State to prevent the Colonies from trading with 
 other Countries, if there is a Profpect of trading 
 to Advantage. As a fignal Proof of this, view 
 the prefent State of Things :---We have now 
 the whole Force of the Britiili Empire col- 
 lected together : We have alfo as much Af- 
 fiftance as our Money can procure from foreign 
 Powers : All our Men of War, Frigates, and 
 Tenders ; and moftof our Tranfport-Ships are 
 completely armed : All of them are ftationed on 
 the Coafts of America, in order to prevent the 
 Colonifts from carrying on any Trade of any 
 
 Sort
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 29 
 
 Sort to our Detriment. And yet we feel to our 
 Cofl, that all is not fufficient to prevent them 
 from trading almoft where-ever they pleafe. 
 How then mall we be able to reftrain their Com- 
 merce and Navigation, when this great and 
 formidable Armament (hall be removed ? [as 
 removed it mud be in Times of Peace] and 
 when there will not be much more than Half 
 a' Dozen Frigates [or fay, if you pleafe a 
 Dozen] to guard a Sea-Coaft of nearly i^oo 
 Miles ? More-over, it may be afked in regard 
 to thofe very Frigates, Quis cufcodes cuftodiet 
 ipfos? 
 
 ANSWER 3. THE Americans themfelves fur- 
 nifh a decifive Anfwer refpecting the Eafmefs 
 of a Pacification with public Enemies, where 
 private Intereft is concerned on the oppofite 
 Side. For notwithftanding all their doleful 
 Lamentations againft Spanijh Depredations, 
 Spanijh Cruelty, and French Incurfions, they re- 
 conciled it to their Conlciences to trade with 
 thole very French and Spaniards, when it was 
 their private Intereft fo to do, during the hotteft 
 of the War;---and even to furnifn them with 
 Ammunition and warlike Stores for die De- 
 ftrucYion of the Englifli, their only Protectors 
 and Benefactors in that very War. 
 
 C AN3\VIR
 
 30 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 ANSWER 4. IT hath been found by Expe- 
 rience long ago, that after a Separation, even 
 the bittereft and moft rancorous Animofities are 
 foon forgot. No fooner had the Dutch and 
 Spaniards feparated peaceably from each other, 
 than they became mutual good Cuftomers, fre- 
 quenting each other's Ports in the moft friendly 
 Manner, and carrying on a great Trade to reci- 
 procal Advantage. Nay, in a few Years after- 
 wards, they entered into a League offenfive and 
 defenfive againft the French, their common 
 Enemy, and have remained very good Friends 
 ever fince. 
 
 ANSWER 5. THE Trade of Great-Britain 
 with the Colonies refts on a much firmer Foun- 
 dation, than that of a nominal Subjection by 
 Means of Paper Laws and imaginary Reftric- 
 tions : A Foundation fo very obvious, as well 
 as fecure, that it is furprifing it hath not been 
 taken Notice of in this Difpute. The Foun- 
 dation, I mean, is, the Superiority of the Briti/Ji 
 Capitals over thofe of every other Country in 
 the Univerfe. As a fjgnal Proof of this, let it 
 be obferved, that the Britifh Exporter gives long 
 Credit to almoft every Country, to which 
 he fends his Goods ; but more efpecially he 
 \ifed to do fo to 'North- America: Yet when he 
 imports from other Countries, he receives no 
 
 Credit.
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 31 
 
 Credit. On the contrary, his general Cuftom 
 is, either to advance Money beforehand, or at 
 leaft to pay for the Goods as foon as they arrive. 
 Hence therefore it comes to pafs, that the Trade 
 of the World is carried on, in a great Meafure, 
 by Britijh Capitals ; and whilfl this Superiority 
 fhall lad, it is morally impoflible that the 
 Trade of the Briti/k Nation can fuffer any very 
 gre-at or alarming Diminution. Now the North- 
 Americans^ who enjoyed this Advantage to a 
 greater Degree than any others, by purchafing 
 Goods of us at long Credit, and then felling the 
 fame Goods to the Spaniards for ready Money, 
 will find by Experience, that in quarrelling with, 
 the EngliJJi^ they have quarrelled with their beft 
 Friends. Let them therefore go wherever they 
 pleafe, and try all the Nations on the Globe. 
 When they have done, they will fuppliantly re- 
 turn to Great -Britain* and entreat to be admitted 
 into the Number of our Cuftomers, not for 
 ours, but for their own Sakes. 
 
 C 4 OBJECTION
 
 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 OBJECTION V. 
 
 IF we mould l6fe the northern Colonies, 
 where {hall we get Pitch and Tar, Mafts 
 and Naval Stores for our Navy ? 
 
 ANSWER i. To what Market will the Nor- 
 thern Colonies fend their Pitch and Tar, tfieir 
 Mafts and Naval Stores, if they fhould refufe 
 to fell them to the Englifh ? Some Queftions 
 are beft anfwered by their Oppofites : And it 
 h a Fact, that were we to withdraw our Boun- 
 ties, it would ne an exceeding difficult Matter 
 far the Colonies to find any vent at all for thefe 
 Articles. 
 
 ANSWER 2. TH Wfytffy Dutch, and Spani- 
 ards have Ships, which carry Mafts, and re- 
 quire Pitch and Tar, Hemp, Iron, and Co'r- 
 dage as well as Englifli Ships. And happily for 
 them, they have no Northern Colonies. Yet 
 thefe Nations are fupplied with all thefe Arti- 
 cles at a moderate Price, and without Bounties. 
 "What therefore fhould prevent the Englifh from 
 being fupphed trom the fame Source, and on 
 as good Terms ? 
 
 ANSWER
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 33 
 
 ANSWER 3. THE ///& Navy receives much 
 greater, and more neceffary fupplies from the 
 Northern States of Europe than from the Nor- 
 thern Colonies of America. For the large, 
 clean grained oaken Plank of three, four, five-, 
 and fix Inches in Thicknefs, fo necefiary for 
 the very Exiftence of our capital Ships of War, 
 is chiefly imported, and has been for upwards 
 of 100 Years paft, from Germany ', Dantzick, 
 and the other Ports of the Baltic : The Iron 
 (if any wanted befides our own) is brought 
 from Sweden ai:d Ritflia ; and the Hemp alrnoft 
 altogether from RuJ/ia, and its conquered Pro- 
 vinces. Yet we have moft abfurdly and im- 
 politicly loaded both the Iron, and Hemp of 
 thofe Countries with heavy, difcouraging Taxes, 
 in order to favour the Iron and Hemp of un- 
 grateful America. As to Mafts, Yards, and 
 Deals, they may in general be purchafed cheaper 
 in Norway, Sweden^ and in fome Parts of Ruf- 
 fia, Quality for Quality, than in North-Ame- 
 rica : Though they feldom can be rendered Ib 
 cheap at an Englijh Market, on account of 
 thofe ill-judged Bounties and Indulgencies, 
 which were formerly granted to the Colonies ; 
 but which of courfe will be removed when we 
 come to underltand our true Intereft. 
 
 ANSWER 4. IN refpect to the particular Ar- 
 ticles of Pitch and Tar 5 be it obferved, That 
 
 originally
 
 34 SERIES OF ANSWERS r* 
 
 originally we had our Pitch and Tar from 
 Jen * But the Swedes were fo impolitic as to 
 lay an exorbitant Duty on the Exportation of 
 their Pitch and Tar, presuming that the Eng- 
 fiflt could find no other Supplies. At that 
 Juncture, had our: Nation but applied to the 
 other Northern Powers of Europe, they might 
 have procured enough,, and probably at a 
 cheaper Rate; for rival Shops, naturally dif- 
 folve Monopolies : But the kngli/h> ever anx- 
 ious to favour the Colonies, tho* in thp Event 
 to their own Lofs, took a different Method, by 
 granting a moft profufe Bounty to thefe Colo^ 
 nies to manufacture Pitch and Tar r Whereby 
 they were enabled at our Expence to clear their 
 .Woods, and to bring their Lands into Culture. 
 And after thefe Favours have been continued to* 
 them to this very Hour [for the Law is not 
 yet formally repealed) they and their Advo- 
 cates have now the Modefty to afk, What earn 
 you do without American Pitch and Tar
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 35 
 
 OBJECTION VI. 
 
 IN Cafe of a Separation, where (hall we get 
 Pipe-Staves, and other Lumber for our 
 Weft-India I (lands ? and above all, where fhall 
 we get Provifions ? 
 
 ANSWER i. WHERE, or from whence do the 
 French and Spaniards, Dutch and Danes procure 
 Provifions, Pipe-Staves, and Lumber for their 
 refpective Weft-India Settlements ? The Anfwer 
 to this Queftion will ferve for both. Now it 
 is a Fact too notorious to be denied, that the 
 North- Americans never ceafed fupplying the 
 French and Spaniards, not only with Provifions 
 and Lumber, but with every Article whatever* 
 for which there was a Probability of being paid: 
 I fay, they fupplied them even in Times of 
 War, as well as in Times of Peace : Though 
 indeed at both Junctures they acted illegally, 
 and were liable to Confiscations and various 
 other Penalties for fo doing. But what are 
 Laws, Penalties, and Confifcations to an Ame- 
 rican, when put into the Scale againft prelent 
 Gain ? Even HANCOCK himfelf, the nominal 
 Head of the Congrels, and the Tool of artful 
 ADAMS, was one of the greateft Smugglers on 
 
 the
 
 36 SERIES OF ANSWERS v& 
 
 the whole Continent Tell me therefore, wty 
 the North-Americans^ after a peaceable Separa- 
 tion, will refufe to fupply our Sugar Iflands 
 (whilft they fupply others) if they fhall be as 
 well, or better paid for what they bring ? And 
 tell me alfo, when did they fupply them with 
 any one Article whatever, without being well 
 paid for it ? 
 
 ANSWER 2. IF the Inhabitants of the Weft- 
 India Iflands were lefs luxrious, and more in- 
 duftrious (and Neceflity is not only the Mother 
 of Invention, but alfo the moft perfuafive En- 
 courager) they might have raifed, and therefore 
 may ftrll raife great Quantities of moft Sorts of 
 Provifions within their own Plantations. Con- 
 fequentlyi if they will not raife them, they can 
 in Reafon only blame themfelves. 
 
 ANSWER 3. If the Weft-Indians mould find 
 a Difficulty in fupplying themfelves out of their 
 own Plantations with Flour, Bread, Bifcuit, 
 Beef, Pork, Salt-Fiftij Oats, Peafe, and Beans, 
 then Great-Britain and Ireland can fupply them 
 with all thefe Articles in great Abundance, ei- 
 ther from their own Stores, or from Stores im- 
 ported. And the Advantage either Way would 
 be very great to the Mother- Country in the In- 
 creafe of her Shipping and Navigation, as we'll 
 ;is in the Extenlion of her Commerce. Indeed 
 
 for
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 37 
 
 for a few Years laft paft Great-Britain hath not 
 raifcd either Corn or Cattle fufficient for its own 
 Confumption. But this accidental Scarcity is 
 no general Rule, becaufc it will be found, tak- 
 ing 100 Years together, that for one Year of 
 Scarcity, it is blefied with two of Plenty. 
 
 OBJECTION
 
 i 
 
 .OBJECTION VII. 
 
 N Cafe of a Separation, from whence fhall 
 we procure Rice and Tobacco ? 
 
 ANSWER i. THIS Objection turns on two 
 Suppofitions, viz. i. That after a Separation 
 the Virginians and Carolinians will not fell To- 
 bacco and Rice to Engli/h Merchants for a good 
 Price, and ready Money: And, 2dly, that 
 Tobacco and Rice can grow in no Part of the 
 Globe, but in Virginia and Carolina. Will any 
 Man in his Senfes dare to affirm either of thefe 
 Things ? 
 
 ANSWER 2. WITH refpect to Tobacco, at- 
 moft every Country in Europe can produce it in 
 Plenty, if permitted by its refpfctiveLegiflatures 
 ib to do, [lee my Fourth Tract on Political and 
 Commercial Subjects, 3d Edit. Page 205.] 
 Nay, in England itfelf there were formerly con- 
 fiderable Plantations, and more Ground was 
 daily planting. But our Government forbad the 
 Cultivation of it by fevere Penalties in feveral 
 Acts of Parliament, in order to favour the In- 
 tereft of the Colonies. 
 
 ANSWER
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 39* 
 
 ANSWER 3. IN refpect to Rice, a great Parr 
 of the fwampy Coaft of Guinea, and more efpe- 
 cially the Mat (hes near the great Rivers, which, 
 like the Nile, annually overflow, would produce 
 Rice in great Abundance for us, if properly culti- 
 vated: For were the native Inhabitants of Guinea 
 (I repeat it again, becaufe it cannot be repeated 
 too often) to be taught and encouraged to be in- 
 duflrious in their own Country, inftead of being 
 made Slaves, and cruelly tranfported into ours, 
 they would, beyond a Doubt, ufe and confume 
 at lead four Times the Quantity of Britifli Ma- 
 nufactures, more than the Slaves and their ty- 
 rannical Matters now do. For Slaves are little 
 better Cuftomers in any Country than fo many- 
 Head of Black Cattle; yet much more dangerous 
 and difficult to be governed. And indeed little 
 Induftry can be expected from any poor 
 Wretches, who know aforehand, that a greater 
 Exertion of Induftry on their Parts, would onty 
 be an Increafe of Labour, painful to themfelves*, 
 and folely beneficial to their Mailers. 
 
 [WHILST I was copying the above for the 
 Prefs, a learned and ingenious Friend, formerly 
 a Governor in one of our Plantations, obliged 
 me with the following important Obfervation : 
 " That Rice may be raifed on the Grain Coaft 
 *' of Africa in any Quantities: And that he 
 
 " himfelf
 
 4o SERIES .OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 ":himfelf hath bought on the Spot, for Two 
 * e Shillings the Hundred Weight, Rice of a 
 * e fuperior Goodnels to that of Carolina. It 
 * e grows on Up-Lands, tho* of the fame Spe- 
 ** cies with that which grows in Swamps : But 
 <c as it receives five or fix Months heavy Rainsj 
 *' it wants no other Supply of Moifture. The 
 " Negroes underftaqd very well how to raifeit; 
 <e but they are ignorant of the Machines for 
 <e pounding it out : All Labour of that Kind 
 f fi being performed by Women ; and confe- 
 " quently flow and tedious."] Now this Piece 
 of Intelligence ftrongly corroborates the grand 
 Principle,, wjbich runs thro* all my Treatifes on 
 the Subject of America^ viz. That the Colo- 
 nifts, in quarrelling with the Mother-Country, 
 are eilentially hurting themfelves ; and are 
 greatly, tho* not intentionally benefiting us, by 
 obliging us to fee and purfue our own true and 
 Jailing Interefts.] 
 
 ABJECTION
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 4I 
 
 OBJECTION VIII. 
 
 IN Cafe of a Separation, will not the North- 
 Americans fet up various Manufactures of 
 their own, and lay heavy, difcouraging Duties 
 on the Importation of ours ? 
 
 ANSWER i. DAILY Experience proves be- 
 yond Contradiction, that we do actually fend 
 vaft Quantities of Britijh Manufactures to Spain, 
 to Italy, Germany, Rufjia, Holland, and even to 
 France : Though eachofthefe Countries have 
 long eftabliihed fimilar Manufactures of their 
 own, and have laid difcouraging Duties on 
 ours. Nay iome of them are feemingly fo heavy 
 as to amount to a Prohibition. Yet, let the 
 Manufacturers in Birmingham, Manchefter, Nor- 
 wich, &c. &c. tell the reft. So that the 
 Threat, that the Colonifts may, or will fet up 
 Manufactures in Oppofition to ours, proves 
 Very little in proving too much. 
 
 ANSWER 2. THE Colonifts have already, and 
 long before the Beginning of the pfefent Trou- 
 bles, fet up every Species of Manufacture, which 
 could be attended with any Probability of Suc- 
 cefs : To which End they have carried over 
 D Englijh
 
 42 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 Englijti Machines, working Tools, Patterns, 
 and Models in great Abundance: They have 
 allb been feducing and kidnapping our Work- 
 men, Journeymen, and Artifts by every Kind 
 of Artifice and Pretence, for at leaft thefe 70 
 Years kft pail : Nay, they have publickly of- 
 fered Rewards and Premiums : And have in- 
 ferted theie Advertifements in all our News- 
 Papers; they have enlifted Volunteers of this 
 Sort by beat of Drum. 1 afk therefore, what 
 more can they poflibly do, in Cafe of a Separa- 
 tion ? 1 aft: further, can they do as much ? And 
 would it not have been Arts of Felony in them to 
 have made the like Attempts, had they been 
 feparated from us, and put on trie fame Foot- 
 ing with other Nations ?.- 
 
 ANSWER 3. IN regard to the Capability of 
 America, to rival Great-Britain in the Cheapnefs 
 and Goodnefs of Manufactures (which are the 
 main Points to be attended to) be it obferved, 
 that America naturally labours under many ca- 
 pital Defects refpe-cting Manufactures. For in 
 the firlt Place, it doth not abound with \Vool, 
 or Silk, Copper, Iron* Lead* Tin, or Coals -, 
 Articles of the utmoft Coniequence in eftablifli- 
 ing large and extenfive Manufactures : -Se- 
 condly, the Climate of the greateft Part of the 
 Country is unfavourable to feveral Species of 
 
 Manufactures,,
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 43 
 
 Manufactures, being either too cold, and too 
 much frozen up in Winter, or too melting and 
 fufrocating in Summer; and very frequently the 
 fame Country or Province partakes of both Ex- 
 tremes. Thirdly, the Genius and Dilpofition 
 of the People are not turned towards hard and 
 conftant Labour; a Circumflance this, which 
 is vifible through every Part of this great Con- 
 tinent. Fourthly, their fmall Capitals, and 
 Want of Credit is another very great Impedi- 
 ment; and it is too apparent, that this Diffi- 
 culty is not likely to be removed by their pre- 
 fent Conduct. Fifthly, their Defertion of the 
 Sea Coafts, and removing in fuch Shoals up 
 into the Country, beyond the Alligahenny Moun- 
 tains, as they now do, or lately did, is another 
 great Bar to the Encreafe of any Manufactures, 
 which could come in Competition with the 
 Englijh in any foreign Market. For, granting, 
 if you pleafe, that Multitudes of manufacturing 
 Towns and Villages are to ftart up, like Mum- 
 rooms, on the Borders of the great Lakes, and 
 even beyond them , ftill fuch Places, in that 
 diftant Situation from the Sea, can no more 
 rival us, than if they had ftarted up in the Wilds 
 of Tartary, or the Deferts of Arabia. 
 
 ANSWER 4. IN refpect to the heavy and dif- 
 
 couraging Duties which theie little independent 
 
 D 2 Republics
 
 44 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 Republics are to lay upon Englifli Manufactures, 
 when imported into their refpective Territories: 
 Enough has been faid already, to convince any 
 realbnable Inquirer, that there is but little to 
 fear on that Head. However, as this Topie 
 has been u fed as a Kind of Trumpet, to found 
 the commercial Alarm, I mall therefore add, 
 that the Situation of the Sea Coafts of North- 
 America is fuch, that it will be morally impof- 
 fible to prevent Smuggling, if the People, mould 
 be fo inclined : And it is alfo an indifptitable 
 Fad, that there is not a People in the Univerfc 
 fo addicted to a.fmuggling Way of Life, as the 
 Americans. In refpect to the Face of their 
 Country along the Sea Side, it is interfered 
 with large Bays, Promontories, and navigable 
 Rivers ; and full of Iflands, and other hiding 
 Places from one End to the other : Moreover, 
 it is not better guarded by Land. For the 
 Country is open between Province and Pro- 
 vince, without narrow Pafles or Defiles : So 
 that it will -be impofTible to prevent an Inter- 
 courfe by Day, or by Night, if private Intereft 
 mould find its Account in maintaining fuch an 
 Intercourfe. But what is ftill more, and above 
 all, the Southern independent Republics will 
 never confent to prohibit the Introduction of the 
 Manufactures of Old England merely for the 
 Sake of encouraging (to their own Lofs) the 
 
 Manufactures
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 45 
 
 Manufactures of New England (a People whom 
 'they both hate, and defpife)- nor will the New- 
 Englanders give a Monopoly to the Southern 
 Provinces againft themfelves. Therefore as 
 both will aft feparately, according to their re- 
 fpective local Interefts ; the Englijh Manufac- 
 tures will find an eafy AdmifTion with very lit- 
 tle, or no Obftruction. Nay, it is notorious, 
 that at this very Juncture, when the American Re- 
 bels have abfolutely prohibited the direct Impor- 
 tation of any Britifli Goods, they admit, forely 
 againft their Wills, various Englifli Manufac- 
 tures, through the Intervention of the Dutch^ 
 French^ and Spaniards': But why ? Becaufe 
 they cannot do without them; and therefore 
 muft have them even with all this additional 
 Expence. Now, as this is a Fact, certain and 
 indifputable, what have we to fear in Cafe of a 
 Separation ? But for a more diftinct Account, 
 how it comes to pafs, that we have'fuch an en- 
 creafing Trade, notwithftanding the Defection 
 of the Colonies ; and indeed in order to prove, 
 contrary to the vulgar Opinion, that the Colo- 
 nies never were the real Caufe of that Increafe, 
 fee the Note in my Fourth Tract, P. 213 215. 
 
 D 3 OBJECTIONS
 
 46 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 OBJECTION IX. 
 
 "TT TILL not a Separation from the Northern 
 f V Colonies greatly decreaie the Number 
 of our Seamen ? 
 
 ANSWER i. BY the Term our Seamen muft 
 be meant Britifli Seamen, in Con trad i ft i net ion 
 to North- Americans. And then the Objection 
 fuppofes, that a Separation will necefTarily de- 
 creafe the Shipping and Navigation belonging 
 to the Ports of Greaf-Britain and Ireland. Bur 
 what Proofs are there to be brought of this ? 
 And without fome Proof, why muft the Objec- 
 tion be admitted ? 
 
 ANSWER 2. THE obvious Reafoning on the 
 Cafe fuggefts juft the contrary. For after a 
 Separation has taken Place, the Act of Navi- 
 gation will operate as effectually againft the 
 North- Americans, as againft the French, Hol- 
 landers, or any other Nation. Confequently 
 they (the Americans) will no longer be per- 
 mitted to be the Carriers of Sugars, Rum s 
 Cotton, Coffee, Pimento, Mahogany, Log- 
 wood, and all other Woods and Articles for dy- 
 ing*
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 47 
 
 ing, &c. &c. from our own Iflands, from the 
 Mofquito Shore, or the Spani/h Main, into Great- 
 Britain or Ireland: Nor will they be permitted 
 to carry any of our Manufactures, Salt-Fifh, or 
 Provifions, any of our Male Liquors, Cyder, or 
 any Wines, from Great-Britain or Ireland to the 
 "Sugar Colonies, or to any of our Settlements in 
 any Part of the World. Judge therefore from 
 'this Enumeration of Fads certain and indifpu- 
 table, on which Side would the naval Balance 
 ..preponderate in Cafe of a Separation. But this 
 is not all-, for we have at leaft 150,000 
 OLamps burning every Winter in Great-Britain 
 and Ireland, more than we had 60 or 70 Years 
 ago; and their Number is every Year encreaf- 
 ing. 'Now -the North-Americans ufed to fupply ' 
 us with at leaft one Third, if not one Half of 
 the Oil [extracted from Fifties] ufed and con- 
 fumed in thefe Lamps: All which, together 
 with feveral Articles depending on them, will 
 -for the future be fupplied by British and Irifli 
 Sailors. Therefore what a Nurfery is here ! 
 How growing and extenfive ! And yet how 
 little attended to, 'till the North-Americans 
 obliged us, as it were, whether we would or not, 
 to fee our own Interefl ! 
 
 ANSWER 3. OUR former Predilection for our 
 
 Colonies not only caufed us to neglect feveral 
 
 D 4 Branches
 
 48 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 Branches of Trade, which we ought to have che* 
 riflied: - Bar, what is ftill more extraordinary, 
 and hardly credible, it induced us to check and 
 in fome Instances almoft to prohibit, them by 
 Means of heavy Duties. Thus for Example, 
 \ve gave for many, very many Years, a inofl 
 profufe Bounty (and at one Time no lefs than 
 81. Sterling per Ton) to the Importation of 
 Htmp from America, as if on purpofe to nurfe 
 *up that Country into a rival, naval Power : But 
 we neglected to give even the fmaileft Bounty 
 for the Growth of Hemp in Ireland, as if that 
 Branch of Trade was not worth regarding: Tho* 
 it is evident to a Demonftration, that it ever was 
 more our Intereft to have promoted the Cul- 
 ture of Hemp in Ireland, than in America , and 
 tho* the fertile Soil of that Ifland, particularly 
 near the Borders of the Shannon, feems deftined 
 by Nature for the Growth of that Commodity. 
 Again, as to pofitive Checks and Rejlraints by 
 Means of heavy Duties, we have laid a Tax, not 
 only on foreign Hemp, but alfo on foreign Iron, 
 Pit< h, and Tar : All which we ought not to have 
 done ; and which we ought now to undo, in order 
 to promote our own Welfare, and to encreafe out- 
 own Shipping and Navigation, inflead-of thofe 
 of North America. Therefore we have at prefent 
 the Means in our Power of treating with the 
 Northern Potentates of Europe on very advan- 
 tageous
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 49 
 
 tageous Terms : That is, we may fignify to each 
 of them (as we did formerly to Portugal) that 
 in what Proportion foever, they will favour the 
 Introdu&ion of the Englifh Manufactures into 
 their Territories by the Repeal or Diminution 
 of Taxes -, in the fame Proportion we will admit 
 their Bar Iron, Hemp, Pitch, Tar, Turpen- 
 tine, &c. into Great-Britain. Now, Reader, I 
 afk, fuppofmg thefe Meafures were purfued, 
 what Lofs mall we fuftain in our Breed of Sea- 
 men ? And who will be the Sufferers in Cafe of 
 a Separation , ? 
 
 ANSWER 4. BUT we have many other Re- 
 fources ftill in Referve for the Increafe of Sai- 
 lors, and the Encouragement of Shipping and 
 Navigation. By the general Tenor of the pre- 
 fent Corn Laws, we difcourage the Importation 
 of Oats, Peafe, and Beans from Ireland, unlefs 
 under peculiar Circumftances -, though thefe 
 are Articles which we daily want, and Articles 
 likewife which would be fo far from interfering 
 with that the Importation of them, in the Event, 
 would greatly promote the Agriculture ofGreat- 
 1 Britain. To make this Cafe plain, let it be ob- 
 ferved, that we might allot every Year much 
 larger Portions of Land, than we now do [and 
 the Land be likewife in a better State] for 
 Wheat, for Barley, or for Barley and Clover 
 piixt, alfo for Turneps, Vetches, Ray-Grafs, 
 
 Saintfoin,
 
 5 b SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 Saintfoin, Cabbages, Carrots, and other artificial 
 Provender and Grafies , provided we were al- 
 lowed to import good Stores of Oats, Peafe, 
 and Beans from Ireland at all Times and Seafons. 
 And as the Culture of thefe Articles, as a Spring 
 Crop, would befl fuit the moift Climate of Ire- 
 land; fo alfo would the Culture of Wheat and 
 Barley 'be better adapted to the drier Soil of 
 England. In the next Place, let it be further 
 obferved, that all the Surplus (after our own 
 Confumption) whether of the Growth of Great- 
 Britain or Ireland, would be ready on the Spot 
 for Exportation to our Sugar Colonies. Not 
 to mention that our Live-Stock of every Kind, 
 and particularly of fat Cattle, might be greatly 
 encreafed by this additional Quantity of Food 
 and Nourifhment. So that we might foon be 
 enabled to fupply our Sugar Colonies, and all 
 our Out Settlements, with mod of the Necefla- 
 ries of Life in great Abundance. But, alas ! 
 we have hitherto been fo bewitched with the 
 Notion, that we could never favour few America 
 too much, that we have facrificed to that Idol 
 every Opportunity of improving the Trade and 
 Navigation of Great-Britain and Ireland. 
 
 ANSWER 5. THE Cafe of encreafing our 
 Quantity of Live-Stock is of fuch Importance 
 to Shipping and Navigation, as well as to all 
 the other Branches of Commerce, that I muft 
 
 beg
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 5l 
 beg Leave to give it a diftinct Confideration. 
 I obferve then, that were a. permanent not z tem- 
 porary Law to pafs for the Admillion of Live- 
 Stock from every Country (which in Reafon 
 and good Policy ought alwuys to be done), then 
 we might import vaft Quantities of Pigs and 
 Poultry from France and Flanders, and young 
 Cattle from almoft every Port in Germany^ 
 Denmark, and the Baltic. Nay, I have been, 
 afliired by a Foreigner of Diftindion, who fpoke 
 from his own Knowledge, that a good Cow may 
 be bought in Hungary always for lefs than ten 
 Shillings, and frequently for five : And that 
 Droves of Hungarian young Cattle might be 
 brought to, and purchafed at Hamburgh, were 
 a conftant Intercourfe, and a ready Market 
 eftablilhed, for about 205. or at moil 305. per 
 Head. Allow therefore about 2os. more for 
 Freight and Port Charges, Rifk, Loffes, Pro- 
 fit, and Infurance : And then the Engli/h Far- 
 mer on the Eaftern Shores of England might 
 ftock his Grounds at a much lefs Expence than 
 he doth at prefent : The Confequence of which 
 (like Water finding its Level) would foon be 
 felt in the Weftern, and more diftant Parts. 
 And the Difference between the original Price 
 of fuch young Cattle abroad, compared with 
 their Value, when grown to Maturity, and fat- 
 tened here at Home, would be juft fo much 
 clear Gains to the Landed- Intereft of this King- 
 dom.
 
 dom. Moreover refpecting the Commercial^ let 
 it beobferved, that the Hides, the Horns, the 
 Hair, the Hoofs, nay the very Bones would be 
 lb many additional Raw-Materials for future 
 Manufactures. After this, it is needlrfs to add, 
 that all thefe Circumftances neceffarily tend to 
 encreafe Shipping and 
 
 ANSWER 6. NEVERTHELESS I will here fup- 
 pofe, [contrary to all Reafon, and every De- 
 gree of Probability,} that after a Separation,, 
 Great-Britain will fuffer fome fmall Diminution 
 in the Number of its Sailors : Still, even on this 
 Suppofition, improbable as it is, it doth by no 
 Means follow, that we fhall have fewer Ships, 
 or fewer Sailors, than we have at prefent, 
 for the Defence of our central Territories, 
 Gteit-Britain and Ireland* On the contrary, 
 when we fhall have a lefs extended Coaft to 
 guard by almoft 1 500 Miles [and this Coaft 
 actually at Home y in the very Centre of our 
 Empire, inftead of being 3000 Miles diftant 
 from it] it is evident to common Senfe, that we 
 fhall be better able to defend our Channel 
 and narrow Seas with looSail, great and fmall, 
 than we could have been, to have defended both 
 our own, and the diftant Coafts of America^ 
 with 150 SaiL So much as to the comparative 
 State of the Increafe, or Decreafe of Eritijk 
 Bailors, in Cafe a Separation Ihould take Place. 
 
 OBJECTION
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 53: 
 
 OBJECTION X. 
 
 " 
 
 WOULD it not be better to continue Tome 
 Kind of Union with the Colonies at 
 any Rate, rather than to throw them entirely 
 off? Suppofe both Parts of .the Brittjh Nation, 
 the European and the American were to remain 
 united under one, and the fame Prince, but to 
 aft as diftincl: and feparate States, indeperulent 
 of .each other in all other Refpefts , Vv'ould 
 not even this be more defirable than a total 
 Separation ? 
 
 ANSWER i. As this Scheme of Independency 
 refpefting the Parliament, but not refpeding 
 the King was, the favourite Topic of the Con- 
 grefs 'till of late (when they entirely threw off 
 the Mafk, and entered into open Rebellion 
 againil both); and as the fame Notion, hath 
 been advanced over and over by their Advo- 
 cates here at Home, who have quoted the Cafe 
 of the Electorate of Hanover, as an Example, 
 and Illuftration , I mail therefore examine this 
 Matter with more Attention than it would 
 otherwife have deferved, 
 
 HERE
 
 54. SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 HERE therefore I afk one plain, decifivc 
 Queftion, Are Englishmen and Hanoverians the 
 fame People, or the fame Nation ? Are they the 
 Subjects of the fame Prince by one and the fame 
 Title ? And do Hanoverians enjoy any one Pri- 
 vilege either at Home or Abroad, belonging to 
 the Engli/h Nation ? Certainly not : How then 
 can thefe Cafes be pretended to be parallel ? 
 And to what Piirpofe are they brought, but to 
 perplex the Caufe, and to draw off the Atten- 
 tion of the Reader ? To make the Cafes parallel, 
 we are to fuppoffc an American to be as much an 
 ALIEN, and to be as incapable by Lavv of en- 
 joving any Honours, Places, or Preferments in 
 thefe Realms, as an Hanoverian is : We are alfo 
 to fuppofe him excluded from all thofe com- 
 mercial Benefits and Protections by Sea or Land, 
 which are pofTeffed, and have by Treaties been 
 acquired, by the Engli/h Government, for the 
 fole life of Engli/h Subjects : Nay, we are to 
 fuppofe dill further, viz. That the Americans 
 never owed any Allegiance to his Majefty by 
 Virtue of his being King of Great-Britain^ and 
 of the Dominions thereunto belonging ; but 
 as being King of America by a feparate, diftinct, 
 snd independent Title. All thiSj I fay, muft 
 be previoufly fuppofed. But alas ' this is not 
 what the "Congrefs and their republican Advo- 
 cates ever meant to fay, or wiflied to fuppofe. 
 
 Their
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 55 
 
 Their Bufinefs was, to play the Legerdemain 
 of Cups and Balls with Common Senfe and 
 Common Honefty. For when any Englifli Be- 
 nefit was to be enjoyed, then we were gravely 
 told, that Americans were as much Englifimen as 
 ourlelve-s, and therefore ought to be permitted 
 to enjoy the fame Privileges and Advantages in 
 common with us : But when any Englifn Bur- 
 thens were to be born, or any Evglifli Taxes to 
 be raifed, for the Maintenance of thefe Privi- 
 legesthen truly the Americans were no longer 
 EngliJJimen, but a diftinct and fcparatc People, 
 who ought net to have been taxed without 
 their own Confent. 
 
 AWAY ye Advocates for Treafon and Rebel- 
 lion ! Away with fuch Jefuitifm and Chicane \ 
 And ye pretended Patriots, either flay and rea- 
 fon at Home like fair and honefl Man ; or 
 elfe throw off your Difguife, act openly, and 
 leave us. Go, and join your AfTociates in Ame- 
 rica, and there be happy in your free and equal 
 Democratic Governments.. There preach up 
 the Doctrine, that every human moral Agent is 
 to be his own Legiflator, his own Governor, and 
 his own Director. There maintain your/#Wz- 
 YMntal Paradox^ that no Man ought to obey any 
 Laws, impofed upon him without his own Con- 
 Sent: And there alfo refufe to pay any Taxes, 
 
 which
 
 56 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 which had not received your own Approbation. 
 The CongrefTes, both Provincial and Conti- 
 nental, will undoubtedly liften with attentive 
 Ears to thefe inftructive Leflbns : And they will 
 furTer you to fpurn at their Authority with the 
 fame Impunity, that you fpurn at ours. 
 
 ANSWER 2. LET us now fuppofe another Cafe, 
 viz. That the Americans, are declared by Law 
 to be as much Aliens and Foreigners^ as the Ha- 
 noverians are : But to be, like them, fubjecl: to 
 the fame Prince, under a feparate and indepen- 
 dent Title ; What would be the Conlequence 
 of fuch an heterogeneous Syftem ? Nothing 
 furely very defireable, if we can rely either on 
 the Experience of what is paft, or on Reafoning as 
 to what may come. 
 
 BY Experience we learn, that our Junctiofi 
 with Hanover was far from being a Bleffing to 
 either Country. For it is well known that the 
 innocent Inhabitants of that Electorate have 
 been involved, for our Sakes, in all the Calami- 
 ties of War, whilft.we ourfelves enjoyed no 
 Sort of Advantage from their Mifery, unlefs 
 the Lavifhing of our Blood and Treafure in De- 
 fence of a Country not to be defended, can be 
 called an Advantage. The Words of the Ame- 
 rican Pamphlet, Ccmmon Senfe are here very 
 
 true
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 57 
 
 true, and very apropos, " The Miferies of 
 ** Hanover fin the] laft War ought to warn 
 ** us agamft Connections." Nay, we are far her 
 taught by long Experience, that the Genius of 
 the Englifli is peculiarly unfit to be joined with 
 any other People, upon and equal Footing, or 
 in a co-ordinate State ; of which their Behaviour 
 towards the Scotch and IrifJi, as well as towards 
 the Hanoverians, is too ftriking an Example to 
 pafs unnoticed. Though indeed, properly and 
 ftrictly fpeaking, Scotland is not co-ordinate, 
 but united and incorporated with England, at 
 the earned Requeft of the Engli/h : which 
 Circumftance renders the daily and b'tter Re- 
 proaches of the Englifli agamft the Scotch ftill 
 more inexcufable , for the Americans have de- 
 clared, one and all, that they never will be 
 united or incorporated with Great Britain. And 
 in refpect to Ireland, 'tiil the much-wifhed-for 
 Union can take Place, this Country is not co-or- 
 dinate, but a fub-ordinate State. For the Proofs 
 of which, fee the Declaratory Act of 6th of] 
 GEORGE I. made to quell the Tumults excited 
 by the factious * Writings of Mr. MOLINEUX. 
 See alfo my Addrefs and Appeal to the Landed 
 
 * A further Account will be given of thefe Writings in 
 my Anfwer to Mr. LOCK ; wherein will be explained, how 
 far Mr. Mo LI N E ux himfelf praftifed, or wifiied to pradtife, 
 his own Doctrine. 
 
 E Inteicft,
 
 58 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 Intereft, Pages 80 84. Now after a due Con- 
 federation of thefe Facts, I afk, doth Experience 
 and paft Trials warrant us to fay, that a Junc- 
 tion with Hanover is found to be of fuch a na- 
 tional Advantage, that we ought to attempt the 
 like Plan in regard to America ? 
 
 BUT this is not all : For our Reafoning on the 
 Cafe ftill ftrengthens the Argument againft a 
 Junction with America. Thus for Example, 
 Hanover is but a little Way off, and is indeed 
 but a little Country if compared to America * 
 nor can it ever be a greater : But above all, the 
 Mafs of the Inhabitants of that Electorate have 
 never been inftructed in any Notions, as a Rule 
 ef Dufy, but thofe of Submifiion and Obedience. 
 Whereas America is an immenfe Country, the 
 neareft Part of which is 3000 Miles diftant from 
 Great-Pritain: And the Americans in general 
 are defcribed by their own Friends and Advo- 
 cates, as fome of the moft litigious, turbulent, 
 and ungovernable People upon Earth. [See 
 Mr. BURKE'S Speech, and my Anfwer to it, 
 Pages 1526.] 
 
 ANSWER 3. Hanover can never wrefl from 
 England the Seat of Empire ; for every Thing 
 confpires to prevent the very Pofllbility of fuch 
 a Project : Whereas it has been the unanimous 
 
 Opinion
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 59 
 
 Opinion of the North- Americans for thefe 50 
 Years paft, that the Seat of Empire ought to 
 to be transferred from the lefier, to the greater 
 Country, that is, from England to America^ or as 
 Dr. FRANKLIN elegantly phrafed it, from the 
 Cock-Boat to the Man of War. Moreover the 
 famous American Pamphlet, Common Senfe (in 
 the Compofition of which Dr FRANKLIN and 
 Mr. ADAMS are fuppofed to be principally con- 
 cerned) declares it to be prepofterous, abfurd, 
 and againft the Courie of Nature, that a great 
 " Continent fhould be governed by an Ifland. 
 * In no Inftance hath Nature made the Satellite 
 larger than its primary Planet : And as Eng- 
 <c land and America^ with refpefb to each other, 
 " reverfe the common Order of Nature, it is 
 "evident they belong to different Syftems; 
 ** England to hurope, and America to itfelf." 
 
 E 2 OBJECTION
 
 60 SERIES or ANSWERS TO 
 
 OBECTION XI. 
 
 WILL not the fevering America from 
 land have the fame Effect in our poli- 
 tical Conftitution,. as that of cutting off, or 
 flriking away a main Prop, a mafiy Pillar, or a> 
 ftrong Buttrefs from an antienty crazy Building? 
 
 ANSWER i. METAPHORICAL Objections are 
 beft confuted by metaphorical Replies. The 
 Engtt/h Conftitution is by no Means crazy in 
 itfelf : It is built of Materials the beft, the 
 ftrongeft, and the moft durable of any yet dif- 
 covesed in the World. Moreover it hath- this 
 peculiar Excellence, that every Part of it 
 ftrengthens the other Parts, at the fame Time 
 that it fupports itfelf. Ponderibus librata fuis r 
 was a juft Compliment paid it by an excellent 
 Judge, Mcnf. de Lolme^ in his admirable Trea- 
 tile on the Englifh Confticution. But as all 
 Things may be impaired by Time, and more 
 efpecially as the beft of Things may be injured 
 by unfidlful Treatment, fo it hath happened, 
 that ignorant Undertakers have endeavoured to 
 repair, and perhaps, as they imagined, to deco- 
 rate this goodly Fabric, by flicking many addi- 
 "** - tional
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 61 
 
 tional Buildings to it, which had no real Ule, 
 Symmetry, or Proportion ; but which have 
 weakened the original Structure, by drawing it 
 out of its true Perpendicular. 
 
 ANSWER 2. METAPHOR apart: As our 
 Constitution is compofed of three different 
 Powers, the Regal, the Ariftocratical, and the 
 Democratical ; and as the Mock-Patriots and 
 Republicans are in full Cry, that the Crown 
 hath too much Power already by the Difpofal 
 of fo many Places ; I a/k, With what Face can 
 thefe Men oppofe a Separation, if they really 
 think what they fay ?' The Places in North- 
 America lately in the Difpofal of the Crown (or 
 if youpleafe, of the Miniftry) were (great and 
 fmall) fome Hundreds. And yet you, a ilaunch 
 Patriot ! You, who are for ever crying out, 
 Q Liberty ! O my Country !) You who de- 
 fire to counter-aft the Influence of the Crown 
 by legal and conftitutional Means, wifh ne- 
 verthelefs to retain dear America with all its 
 evil Appendages of Places, Penfions, Sine- 
 Cures, Contracts, Jobs, &c. &c. &c. What 
 Abfurdity ! What Inconfiftency is this ! Surely 
 there muft be fome deeper Reafon for fuch a 
 Conduct than any that has been yet affigned. 
 
 ANSWER 3. THE true Reafon is the follow- 
 ing. As long as ever North-America fhall re- 
 3 main
 
 6z SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 main connected with Great-Britain, under any 
 Mode whatever ; the republican Party among 
 us will ever find an Afylum for flickering them- 
 felves under that Connection. This is the true 
 Secret : Et hinc ilia facrym*. They, good 
 Men, are only pleading the Cauie of injured In- 
 nocence : " They mean no Harm to the King, 
 * c or the Conftitution : They only wifh to in- 
 : ** ftrucl: you in the firft Rudiments of Govern- 
 <c ment, and to trace out for your Ufe and Be- 
 " nefit the Origin of civil Society. And alas ! 
 <e it is for Want of this Knowledge, that you 
 are now making cruel War on your Bre- 
 " thrcn in America" 
 
 HEAR then fome of thefe kind, benevolent 
 Inftructions : And from them judge of the Na- 
 ture and Tendency of the reft. 
 
 * " IN Countries where every Member of the 
 " Society enjoys an equal Power of arriving at 
 " the fupreme Offices, and confequently of di~ 
 " resting the Strength and Sentiments of the 
 
 " whole 
 
 *Dr. PRiEsTLY'sE/Tayon the firft Principles of Govern- 
 ment, zd E<!it. Pages n and 12. The judicious Reader 
 will hei- obierve, once for all, that what is inferred be- 
 tween Crotchets j j in the Quotations from this Author, 
 and i'Oiu others, is ad.le>i, in order to clear up the dejigned 
 Airj!;i^uity of the refptftive Authors in i'onie Places, and 
 to fix and afcertain their //a^and praflical Meaning in 
 
 others :
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 63 
 " whole Community, there is a State of the 
 " moft perfect political Liberty. On the other 
 " Hand, in Countries, where a Man is by his 
 *' Birth^ or Fortune excluded from thefe Offices, 
 " or from a Power of voting for proper Perfons 
 " to fill them : That Man, whatever be the 
 " Form of Government, or whatever civil Li- 
 " berty, or Power over his own Adtions he may 
 " have, has no Power over thoie of another, 
 " he has no Share in the Government^ and thcre- 
 * c fore has no political Liberty at all. 
 
 " IT may be faid, that no Society upon 
 " Earth was ever formed in the Manner repre- 
 " prefented above. I anfwer it is true ; be- 
 " caufe all Governments whatever have been, in 
 " fome Meafure, compulfory^ tyrannical^ and op- 
 *' prejfive in their Origin : But the Method I 
 " have defcribed, viz. [that every Member 
 " ought to have an egual Power of arriving at 
 " thefupreme Offices of the State] muft be allow- 
 *' ed to be the only equitable and fair Method of 
 " form ng a Society. And fmce every Man 
 
 others : I fay, the5r^r<&W Meaning : For that is the real 
 Queilion, and not what die Authors either inte*dtd, or/r<- 
 tended by fuch Paffages, or Pofitions : For this is a diftinft 
 Confideration. The Reader therefore is to judge, what is 
 the obvisus Application of fuch Pofitiuns, what their na- 
 tural Tendency, and what moral Effect, they mi*ft be fup- 
 puled to have, if made the Rule of human A&ioos. 
 
 4 ^ retains*
 
 64 SERIES OF ANSWERS to 
 
 *' retains^ and can never be deprived of his na- 
 " tural Right (founded on a Regard to the ge- 
 " neral Good) ot relieving himlelf from all Op- 
 " preflion, that is, from every 'Thing that has 
 " been impofed upon him without his own Confent^ 
 " this muft be the only true and proper Founda- 
 " tion of all the Governments fubfifting in the 
 * e World, and that to which the People, wh6 
 " compofethem, have an UNALIENABLE RIGHT 
 " to bring them back" Lconlequently, as all the 
 Governments fubfifting in the World were not 
 built on this the only true and proper Founda- 
 tion , but were compulfory, tyrannical, and op- 
 prej/ive in their Origin ; therefore the People 
 who compofe them, have an unalienable Right 
 to pull them down, and to inftitute others in 
 their itead, according to this new Model.] 
 
 AGAIN, Pages 40 43. " The Sum of 
 " what has been advanced upon this Head is a 
 " Maxim, than which nothing is more true, 
 " that every Government in its original PrincF- 
 " pies, and antecedent ^ to its prefent Form, is ah 
 "* EQUAL REPUBLIC j and .coniequently, that 
 
 " every 
 
 * The Doftor would have been puzzled to have given a 
 iinple Inftance of a democratical Government having been 
 the firft, and antecedent to other Forms. On the contrary 
 all Hiftory declares, I think withoat a fmgle Exception, 
 
 that
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 65 
 
 " every Man, when he comes to be fenfible of 
 " his natural Rights^ and to feel his own Impor- 
 " tance, will confider himftlf as fully equal to any 
 " other Perfon whatfoever. The Confideration 
 " of Riches and Power, however acquired, muft 
 " be entirely fet afide, when we come to thefe 
 *' firft Principles. Whoever enjoys Property, 
 " or Riches in the State [whether he be King, 
 " Lord, or Commoner] enjoys them for the 
 " Good of the State, as well as for himfelf. 
 " And whenever thofe Powers, Riches, or 
 " Rights of any Kind, are abufed to the Injury 
 " of the whole, that awful and ultimate Tribu- 
 " nal [the People] in which every Citizen hath 
 " an cquafVwcCi may demand the RESIGNATION 
 " of them. And is* in Circumftances where 
 " regular Commifiions from this abufed Public 
 " cannot be had, EVERY MAN, who has Power, 
 " and who is actuated with the Sentiments of 
 " the Public may afiume a PUBLIC CHARAC- 
 " TER, and bravely redrefs public Wrongs. 
 
 that democratical, or republican Governments were not the 
 origin il Forms, but were owing to fubfeqaent Alterations, 
 which arofe from Difputes between Prince and People, 
 Sovereigns and their Subjects. Undoubtedly democratical 
 Governments may prove good Institutions in fome In- 
 ftances ; and fo may others. Why herefore the People, 
 that is, the Subjefts of other good Governments, mould have 
 an unalienable Right to pull them down in order to intro- 
 duce the levelling Scheme of an equal Republic, or a demo- 
 cratical Government is a Poiition, and a Parodox fit only 
 for our modern Republicans to maintain, 
 
 "In
 
 6 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 * fc In- fuch difmal and critical Circumftances, the 
 {lifted Voice of an oppnerTed Country is a 
 * loud Call upon every Mart poilcffed with a 
 * Spirit of Patriotifm to exert himfelf [That 
 is, to deprive the prefent PofTeffors of their Pro- 
 perty, Power, Riches, or Rights of any Kind, or 
 fawe'ver acquired , and even to deprive them of 
 Life itfelf ; if this felf-erected Patriot, Legifla- 
 tor, Judge, and Executioner fhould happen tc* 
 think, that the public Good requires him fo tc 
 do : I fay, even of Life itfelf '; for the whole Bu~ 
 finefs of the Treatife is to prove, that Killing is 
 fuch Cafes is a meritorious Att.~\ 
 
 THUS far the celebrated Dr. PRIESTLY : 
 In relation to whom I fhall add no more at pre- 
 fent,. thai* juft to obferve, that this is the very 
 Treatife which Dr. PRICE fo often quotes, call- 
 ing the Author an excellent Writer : And that 
 k was circulated about with uncommon Indu- 
 fby and Ardor,, when the Republicans, and 
 Mock-Patriots attempted to raife a Ferment 
 throughout the Nation for addrefling the King 
 
 to diflblve the Parliament. But his M- 
 
 (God for ever blefs him) like another FABIUS 
 
 MAXIMUSj ClJNCTANDO RESTITUIT REM.. 
 
 LET us now hear another of thefe fage En- 
 #ghtener of modern Times - 9 who pronounces 
 
 his
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 7 
 
 his Oracles in the following Strain, in a litrit 
 Trad, entituled, An Addrefs to Proteftant 
 " DifTenters of all Denominations on the ap- 
 " preaching Election of Members of Parlia- 
 " ment with refpeft to the State of public Li- 
 " berty in general, and of American Affairs in 
 *< particular, printed for J. JOHNSON, Price 
 *' 2d, or 50 Copies for 55." At Pages 8 and 9 
 of this Performance, fo replete with Inftruftion, 
 the Author is pleafed to tell us, that " The 
 " Hope of Mankind, who have fo long been de- 
 " bafed and trampled upon by Forms of unequal 
 *' Government, is, that this horrible Evil [of 
 " unequal Government] may find its own An- 
 '* tidoie and Cure. KINGS being always worfe 
 " educated than other Men, the Race of them 
 " may be expected to degenerate 'till they be 
 " little better than IDEOTS, as is the Cafe already 
 with feveral of them needle fs to be named; 
 " And it is faid, will be the Cafe with others, 
 " when the prefent reigning Princes fhall be no 
 " more : Whilft thofe who are not the Objeds 
 " of Contempt, will be the Objects of Hatred 
 *' and Execration. 
 
 " IN this Situation [where fome Kings are 
 <c Ideots, and others Tyrants] the Temptation 
 * c to Men to aflert their natural Rights [the 
 " Rights of equal Government] and tofeize the 
 
 " invaluable
 
 8 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 ** invaluable BlefEngs of Freedom mil le very 
 * c great: And it may be hoped, that enlightened 
 ** as the World now is [by foch republican 
 * Writers} with reipee~t to the Theory of Go- 
 ** verament, and taught by the Experience of 
 ** fib many paft Ages, they will no more fuffer 
 ** tEemlelves to be transferred, like the live 
 * Stock of a Farm from one worn out Royal 
 **.Urae to another [as was the Cafe when the 
 ** prefect Royal Family- came to- the Throne or* 
 * tHie- Benaife of Queen, ANN,] but eftablifh 
 ** every where [in England^ as well as in; Ame- 
 ** vim] Forms of free and equal Government ; 
 ** By wiikh, at an infinitely lefs Expenee, than 
 ** rfaey are now at,, to be eppreffed and afrufed [by 
 ** tire HaxffBsr Succefllon, and the prefent Go- 
 44 vwramseat} every Man may be fectired in the 
 *- Esrjoyflaen-t of as much of his natural Rights 
 " [wMch he doth not now enjoy in England^ as 
 ** is eonMent with the Good of the whole 
 " Community. If this mould ever be the Cafe, 
 ** even the paft Ufurpations of the Pope will not 
 * excite more Aftonifliment and Indignation^ 
 ** than the prefent difgracefut Subjection of the 
 "* many to the few in civil Refpe6ls.'* 
 
 
 
 READER, what a Pity it is, that this bright 
 Luminary, and grand Difpenfer of political 
 Knowledge, Ihould have fo long concealed his 
 
 Name !
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS, 69 
 
 Name ! But BajJifuhefs and Stlf-Diffidence are 
 the Companions of great Minds, However, 
 that the grateful Public may know, at Jeaft aa 
 Part, to whom they are fo much indebted, I 
 think, I can venture to fay, that a * young and 
 modeft difienting Minifter of fprightly Parts, is 
 the Author of this, and of feveral other ps- 
 lemical Tracts againft both Church, and State, 
 all written in the fame gentle Strain, and with 
 
 * It is remarkable, that the younger Diffenters of all 
 Denominations, both Clergy and Laiety, are [I do not &y 
 univerfally but] in generally tainted with levelling republi- 
 can Principles refpe&ing the Staff, and with various wild 
 Heterodoxks in Point of Religion. The Elder, the more ex- 
 perienced, and thofe, who are in every Senfe the wifer, and. 
 better Part of them greatly lament this general Defection. 
 in their Brethren ; and as they do all that can be expell- 
 ed from Men in their Stations to prevent it, they ought not 
 to be involved in one common Cenfure ; it being but juft 
 to make a Diftinftlon between the Innocent, and the Guilty. 
 More-over it ought to be further obferved, that the whole 
 Church of Scotland, whether Prefbyterian, or Epifcopalian, 
 have no other Conteft at prefent refpecling the State, than 
 which of them mall manifed the greateft Zeal for his Ma- 
 jt- fly's Service in a rational conformity to the Principles of 
 our excellent Conltitution. Common JufHce feems to re- 
 quire that fuch a Remark mould be made at the prefent 
 Juncture, when the united Pack of falfe Patriots, and re- 
 publican Bigots are in full Cry againft the Scotch Nation. 
 And I will add further, that this is not the Remark of a 
 Scotchman, or even of one, who ha^ any particular Inrerelt, 
 Alliance, or Connection with any of the Natives of that 
 Conntry : But of a Perfon totally indifferent, who never has 
 received, and according to all human Probability, never 
 can receive any perfona) Advantage from them. 
 
 the
 
 TO SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 the fame Regard to Truth and Decency. I will 
 alfo add, as a Matter of FacJ, that many Thou- 
 fands of this little Tract were difperfed gratis 
 by the Republican Junto at the Approach of 
 the laft general Election, in order to ferve the 
 good old Caufe : And that it had a furprizing 
 Influence on the lower Clafs of Voters in the 
 City of Briftoli in turning out their former 
 Members, and in electing the prefent: The 
 prefent I fay, of whofe private Virtues, and 
 public Services I muft be filent, Ne nos tenues 
 onemur grandia* 
 
 THE laft in Time, tho* not in Dignity, is the 
 republican Goliah himfelf, the great Dr. PRICE. 
 This Gentleman not content with treading in 
 the Steps of his Precurfors, plainly hints, nay 
 in effect declares, that Engli/hmen y as well as 
 Americans ought to rile up in Arms, at the pre- 
 fent critical Juncture, in order to obtain more 
 Liberty, and a better Conftitution. For after 
 having mentioned in the preceding, what he 
 frequently afterwards repeats in the fubfequent 
 Pages, that the Americans have taken up Arms, 
 and that they are determined never to lay them 
 them down, 'till the Engli/h mall recede from 
 their Demands, he ^dds the following Words at 
 page 41 of the i ft Edition. " Suppofe it true, 
 " that they [the Americans'] are indeed contend- 
 
 ing
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 71 
 
 w ing [by Force of Arms] for a fatter Conftitu- 
 " tion, and more Liberty than we enjoy. Ought 
 " this [rifing up in Arms againft the Govern- 
 c ment j to make us angry ? Who is there that 
 ' doth not fee the Danger, to which this Coun- 
 <e try is expofed for Want of more Liberty ? Is 
 ** it generous, becaule we are in a Sink [of 
 " Slavery] to endeavour to draw them into it ? 
 " Ought we not rather to wifh earneftly, that 
 " there may be at lead ONE FREE COUNTRY lefc 
 " upon Earth, to which we may fly, when * 
 " Venality, Luxury, and Vice have completed, 
 ' the Ruin of Liberty here ?" ("But neverthe* 
 lefs we need not fly even from this wicked 
 Country, if we could overturn the prefent ty- 
 rannical Government, and eftablifh a better, 
 fuch as I and my Fellow-Labourers have been 
 defcribing in its Stead. And therefore we 
 
 * Is there no Venality, no Luxury, or Vice to be found 
 among Republicans and Mock-Patriots ? And are not they, 
 in Proportion to their Numbers, and Circumftances, atleaft 
 equally guilty with others in thefe Refpedb ? Nay more, is 
 it not notorious, that where-ever they have Power, and can 
 aft as Landlords, electioneering Managers, principal Ma- 
 nufacturers, JulHces of the Peace, &c. &c. They are lefs 
 fcrupulous than others in theUfe of Power for the Purpofes 
 of undue Influence, and QppreJJicn? A Man muft be ftark- 
 blind, who cannot fee theie Things. In fhort (Religion 
 apart, they having no Religion to cant about) the Race of 
 the Sir HudibraJJes, and the Ralphos is very far from being 
 extincl. 
 
 ought,
 
 72 SERIES OF ANSWERS T 
 
 ought, not only to wifh earneftly, but alfo to 
 fight earneftly, after the Example of the brave 
 Americans^ in order to procure more Liberty, 
 and a better Conftitution than we now have]. 
 
 AND now, Reader, having given thefe Sam- 
 ples of Republicaniim, I here lodge my folemn 
 Appeal, whether any {trained, any forced, or 
 unnatural CohftrucYion hath been put on the 
 Senfe and Meaning of thefe much boafted pa- 
 triotic Writers. If there hath nor, the Cale is 
 clear, and the Point is decided : But if there hath, 
 it is eafy to make the fame appear by examin- 
 ing the Contents, and fpecifying Particulars. 
 Multitudes of Quotations might have been pro- 
 duced from other Authors to the fame Effect : 
 But furely thefe are fufficient : And from thefe 
 it muft appear* that as long as ever the Conti- 
 nent of America (hall remain connected with 
 Great- Britain, under any Mode or Form what- 
 ever, fo long will the Champions for American 
 Republicanifm be ftirring up the People to RE- 
 BEL ; and to eilablifh a republican Tyranny, the 
 worft of all Tyrannies, inftead of the prefent 
 Government, which is certainly the leaft oppref- 
 five, the mildeft, the beft poifed, and the mod 
 reafonable upon Earth. In a Word, nothing 
 Ihort of a total Separation, can prevent the 
 jpreading, or^ can radically cure the Contagion 
 
 of
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 73 
 
 of Republicanifm. And this would do it; foric 
 is hardly poffible toluppolc, that either of thefe 
 Writers would have dared to have gone fuch great 
 Lengths, had it not been for the Maxim, 
 defendit numerus, and that they forcfaw, that 
 the great Caufe of America would become a 
 Cloke for their 6 ins. Indeed i r. PRICE repeat- 
 edly declares in his Pamphlet, and mightily 
 glories in it, that the Time is ntar at hand, 
 when America and Great- Britain muft nccefiarily 
 leparate. If fo, Doctor, why not feparate at 
 prefent ? And what Reafon can you give for not 
 embracing this, the mod favourable of all Op- 
 portunities ? An Opportunity, which would put 
 an End to all Wars, and even Rumours of 
 Wars (of this Kind) probably for ever; which 
 would turn our Swords into Plow- Shares, and 
 our Spears into Pruning Hooks; and, what is 
 Hill more, which would lave you the Trouble 
 of writing more Panegyrics on the BlelHngs of 
 Anarchy and Confufion. - " Oh, no : This is 
 *' not the convenient Seafon for parting : For 
 *' we cannot, we ought not, to feparate from 
 ** America at prefent. Whilft America continues 
 " in Connection with us (it matters not what 
 ** that Connection is) it can, and will affift us 
 ** in carrying on the great and necefiary Work 
 ** of a. free and equal Republic. At the worft, 
 ^ it may ferve as a mafked Battery, from which 
 F we
 
 74 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 " we may, fafely, and under Cover, annoy 
 " thofe detefted Foes of the Liberties of 
 " Mankind, the Friends of a Briti/h, conftitu- 
 " tional Monarchy. But if we mould be fepa- 
 " rated, all thefe Advantages will neceflarily 
 " ceafe ; and we {hall be deprived of the Ame* 
 " rican Afliftance for ever. Therefore, 'till that 
 " happy Period fhall arrive, we muft make the 
 " Caufe of America our own: For indeed it is 
 "one and the fame 
 
 OBJECTION
 
 POPULAR OB JECT IONS. 75 
 
 OBJECTION XII. 
 
 IF it be right to feparare from North- America* 
 will not the fame Arguments lead to prove, 
 that it will be right to feparate from Ireland a'<fo? 
 But can fuch a Scheme be confiftent wiih Com- 
 mon Senfe, or Common Prudence? [See a 
 fcurrilous anonymous Tract to this Effect, 
 printed, I think, for BECKET.] 
 
 ANSWER i. SUCH a Scheme, as here propofed, 
 tvould affuredly be inconfiftent with Common 
 Senfe, and Common Prudence : But certainly it 
 hath no Manner of Connection with the Argu- 
 ments in Favour of a Separation from Ncrth- 
 America. Ireland is in a Manner at our own. 
 Doors, and almoft in Sight of our Coafts ; 
 whereas America is 3000 Miles off. To make 
 the Cafe parallel, you muft fet Irtland afloat ; 
 and then if you can pufh it but 1000, inftead of 
 3000, Milts from our Shores, 1 will allow that 
 all the former Arguments will (land good, and 
 he very conclufive. Nay, I will allow, that we 
 ought to have no more Connection with Ireland, 
 in Reafon and good Policy, than we have with 
 Sicily or Sardinia^ with Madeira, or the Canaries. 
 F 2 But
 
 76 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 But Providence hath fixt Ireland to be our 
 neareft Neighbour-, and as the Country is too 
 fmall to be a feparate, independent State of it- 
 ielf, it muft depend either on Great-Britain^ or 
 on ibme other governing and protecting Power. 
 Therefore the only proper Queftion is, To 
 whom, or to what Country, for its own Sake, 
 as well as for ours, ought it to belong ? And 
 furely this Queftion is foon anfwered. 
 
 ANSWER 2. IRELAND is, very unluckily for 
 the republican Faction, lugged into this Debate-, 
 for whenever they have recourfe to the Cafe of 
 Ireland, they are fure of receiving a * fignal 
 Overthrow. The only proper Inference to be 
 drawn from the Defection of IS! erth- America is, 
 that it ought to accelerate our Union and' Incor- 
 poration with Ireland ; leaft the fame malignant 
 Spirit of Difcord and Rebellion, which hath 
 ib grievoufly fpread itfclf over the one Country, 
 fhould infect the other alfo -, and where indeed, 
 with Sorrow be it fpoken, there are not want- 
 ing already a Number of noify Pretenders to 
 Patriotifm, who would run 'any -Lengths, } af- 
 
 fert 
 
 * See my Addrefs and Appeal, Pages 8084. 
 
 f I have been . fTured by a Gentleman lately come from 
 the North of Ireland, that the common People among- the 
 Diffenters are there made to believe, that a certain great 
 
 and
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 77 
 fert any Falfhoods, and would plunge their 
 Country into any Diftreffes, for the Sake of be- 
 coming Men of Conlequence themfelves, and of 
 gratifying their Revenge upon others. 
 
 ANSWER 3. THE Trade from Great-Britain 
 to Ireland, confidered merely as a Nurfery for 
 Seamen to man the Britifli Navy, is more than 
 double to that from Great-Britain to the rebel- 
 lious Provinces of North-America. And yel 
 this Trade at prefent is little better than in its 
 Infancy, if compared to what it might be, in 
 Cafe of an Union, and a thorough Incorpora- 
 tion. This Aflertion, I know, like feveral 
 others which 1 have ventured to make, will be 
 looked upon at firfl as very ex-travagant and ab- 
 furd. But be it fo, I am accuftomed to hear 
 my Opinions treated as Paradoxes, 'till they 
 have undergone a thorough Examination: And 
 then, they have met with a very different Fate. 
 The prefent Cafe is plainly this : - Divide the 
 whole Coaft of Great-Britain into four Parts 
 or Portions : Let the firit Divifion be from the 
 
 and excellent Perfonage (vtfhofe private and public Virtues 
 entitle him to the Regard and Veneration of all Mankind) 
 is literally and aftmlly fiich us theyoun^DHIenting Minifter 
 (whom [ have quoted Page 69) has reprefented him,' and 
 that b* t*nnot eowtt ttwenty: And but I forbear. In the 
 Ntvt-Egl*4 Provinces the fame Peribnagc is rrprefented 
 as a bigutied Pafi/t t and tlia: he goes to Mafs every Day. 
 
 Land's
 
 78 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 Land's End in Cornwall up to BRISTOL, and 
 from Briftol to Milford Haven : The fecond 
 from Milford Haven to LIVERPOOL, and from 
 Liverpool to Whin-Haven : The third from 
 White-Haven to GLASGOW, and from Glafgow 
 to the fartheft Port in the North of Scotland: 
 And the fourth from the North of Scotland all 
 round to LONDON, and from London to the 
 Land's End in Cornwall again. - Now tho* the 
 Ports of Briftcl, of Liverpool, Glajgow, and Lon- 
 don do [did] certainly imploy more Hands in 
 the American, than in the Iri/h Trade ; yet if 
 you will take all the intermediate Ports into the 
 Account, and more efpecially the Coal- Ports on 
 the Coafls of Wales, and on the North- Weft of 
 England, and of Scotland (from all which hardly 
 a fingle Ship goes to North- America) you will 
 then find, onftriking the Balance, that my Com- 
 putation, initead of being exaggerated, is greatly 
 deficient. Neverthelefs \ here repeat (what I 
 have often laid, and proved before) it by no 
 means follows, that we mail lofe our Trade to 
 North- America by a Separation : Whereas it is 
 obvious to common Senfe, that we may dou- 
 ble our Trade to Ireland, if we will incor- 
 porate with that Kingdom, and if, by re- 
 moving our ablurd, prohibitory, and reftrain- 
 ing Laws, we will make of both Countries, 
 one grand Syftem of civil Government, and 
 commercial Polity. 
 
 OBJECTION
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 79 
 
 OBJECTION XIII. 
 
 IF we fliould feparate from North- America^ 
 what Recompence fhall we be able to make 
 to thofe faithful Americans, who have fuffered for 
 their Loyalty to the King, and their Allegiance 
 ?to the Britifli Government ? 
 
 ANSWER i. The Continuance of the War is 
 v *by no Means a likely Method of procuring a 
 juil and adequate Compenfation for the unhappy 
 Sufferers. For fuppofe what is called the beft : 
 "Suppofe we fhould fubdue the Americans, and 
 compel them to accept of any Terms which we 
 ,fhall pleafe to lay upon them : Still what mail 
 we get ? And -wherein fhall either we, or 
 even the Loyalifts be in better Circumftances ? 
 ''Tis true, we fhall take PofTeflion of a large 
 Country j but it will be a Country almoft 
 -ruined, snd deferted. For mofl of the Inhabi- 
 tants, mad with enthufiaftic Notions of the 
 Bleffings of Independency, and fetting little 
 Value on Lands, which they know are not com- 
 parable either for Gcodnefs, or Heakhinefs 
 .with thofe on the other Side of the Alligahenny 
 ^Mountains,, will certainly retire thither, as Mr. 
 F 4 BUHKE
 
 So SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 BURKE before me has well obferved : Thither, 1 
 fay, where they have Realbn to believe our regular 
 Troops cannot purfue them to Advantage ; and 
 from whence they can make daily Incurfions on 
 our defencelefs Frontiers. In Refpeft to the 
 few Inhabitants, who will not, or can not re- 
 move, their exceffive Poverty will render them 
 (for many Years to come) incapable of paying 
 fufficient Taxes even for their own Defence, much 
 lefs for making a full and adequate Compen- 
 fation for the Injuries they have done to others. 
 Now thefe Things will certainly happen, fup- 
 pofing even that we fhould prove victorious., 
 But on the contrary, if we (hould mifcarry at 
 laft (which is certainly a fuppofeable CJafe) then 
 we lhall be difabled, not only from compelling 
 the Rebels to make Reftitution of their Lands 
 and Houfes to the Loyalifts, but alfo from re^ 
 lieving them ourfelves. 
 
 ANSWER 2. THE beft, the mod effectual, 
 and in the End the leaft expenfive Method 
 would be,, to order a fair and reafonable Efti- 
 mate to be made of their Loffes; and then. 
 to indemnify the Sufferers out of the cur- 
 rent Services of the Year. A public Lottery or 
 two, or even a Million taken out of the Sinking 
 Funds, would perhaps be more fatUfactory 
 to the Sufferers, than any other Mode of Com- 
 
 penfation
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 81 
 
 penfation. Which Sums, neverthelefs, if they 
 (hould prevent the Cofts of but one Year's 
 Campaign by Sea and Land, would be a great 
 and defireable Saving of the Expence of Blood, 
 and by much the cheapeft in regard to Treafure. 
 But above all, we ought always to remember, 
 that we can better fpare Seas of Treafure, than 
 Rivulets of Blood : And that there hardly ever 
 returns a Moiety of the Men who firft go out, 
 fit for Service at the End of two Campaigns, 
 even tho* there {hould not be one pitched Battle 
 fought. Not to mention, that many of thefc 
 Sufferers may be fully and properly indemnified, 
 and at no Expence to the Public, by fuch Pro- 
 motions in Church, or State, in the Revenue, 
 the Army, and Navy, as their refpective Ta- 
 lents, Occupations, or Frofeffions have rendered 
 them fitted for. 
 
 ANSWER 3 IF fuch Loyalifts, who are Na^ 
 tives of America, are fo in Love with the Air 
 and Climate of that Country, that nothing lefs 
 than a Return to it again can content them, 
 (which teems to be the Cafe with fome of them) 
 then even they may be gratified in their Wifhes, 
 by a proper Difpofition of our Forces now on 
 Duty in that Country. For as a great Part of 
 the Provinces of New-Tork, New Jcrfey, Pcn- 
 ia^ and Maryland, are at prclcnt open to 
 
 our
 
 $2 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 our Land Forces, and at all Times acceffiblc 
 by Sea ; and as they are likewife the moft cen-^ 
 tral Provinces, whofe Inhabitants are the lead 
 infected with the Madnefs of the Times , it 
 will be no difficult Matter, whilftour Fleets and 
 Armies are on the Spot, to erect thefe Provinces 
 into four feparate and* independent Republics, 
 under the immediate Protection and Guardian- 
 ihip of Great-Britain. Thither therefore tbe 
 well-affected Refugees, now residing either in 
 Great-Britain^ or in the adjoining Colonies, 
 might retire , and there they might receive 
 Lands in full equivalent to all their LofTes, and 
 enjoy as much Liberty, as Men of Reafon and 
 Moderation would wifh to ufe, and as good 
 Men would know how to apply. And there, 
 by peculiar Favours and Indulgences, triey 
 might foon get wealthy. Thus likewife, in ren- 
 dering them happy, (who were made miierable 
 on our Account) we lliould confult our own 
 national Honour in the moft effectual Manner, 
 
 * Two of thefe Provinces, Penfilvani-a and Maryland, are 
 proprietary Governments. But that Circumftance would 
 be fo far from being an Obftru&ion to the general Plan, 
 that it would greatly favour it. For moft certainly the 
 proprietary Governors of thefe two Provinces would be 
 much more defirous of being under the Protection and 
 Guardianlhip of Great-Britain^ than to be caftoff, and left 
 Sfc the Mercy and Honefty of republican Independents. 
 
 and
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 83 
 
 and eftablifh our public Character on a laftirtg 
 Foundation. As to their Neighbours to the 
 North, or to the South, a greater, and a more 
 deferred Punifhment could not be inflicted on 
 them, than TO LEAVE THEM TO THEMSELVES. 
 And then the fanatical Hypocrites on the one 
 Side, and the Tyrants over Slaves on the other, 
 would afford an ufcful Leflbn to Mankind. 
 
 OBJECTION
 
 84 SERIES: OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 OBJECTION XIV. 
 
 WHO will dare to move in either Houfe qf 
 Parliament fox the Separation here pro- 
 pofed ? 
 
 ANSWER i. NONE ought to move for it, but 
 thofe who are convinced in their Confciences, that 
 the Meafure is in itfelf juft and expedient, and 
 that it evidently tends to promote our Happi- 
 uefs in general 5 and ftill more particularly, 
 that it will fruftrate the Defign of thofe machia- 
 cdian Politicians* who have been labouring 
 hard,, and long endeavouring to over turn the 
 Conftitution in Church and State. REAL PA- 
 TRIOTS* who are perfuaded of thefe important 
 Truths, ought to move for a fpeedy Separation, 
 but no others. As to how many, or how/iw 
 there are of this Perfuafion > that is another 
 Queftion, which cannot be fo eafily deter- 
 mined, whilft there is fuch a Variety of Motives 
 for a Man's concealing his Sentiments* How- 
 ever, one Thing is certain, that this Doctrine is 
 making Converts every Dayj and that many 
 Perfons, even of great Eminence and Diftinc- 
 tuon, avow it at prelent, who formerly treated it 
 *dtii Mark:*, of Levity and Ridicule. 
 
 ANSWER
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 5 
 
 ANSWER 2. THOUGH mere minifterial Men 
 fhould be afraid to propofe a Separation , and 
 tho* the Herd of Mock-Pat riot 2, of republican 
 Bigots, and of * Fmnch Penfroncrs, fhould de- 
 claim bitterly againft itj yet (God be thanked) 
 we are not fo deflitute of Men of unbiaflcd 
 Principles, and of independent Fortunes, as to 
 defpair of Succefs. The chief Misfortune is, 
 that many who approve of the general Plan, and 
 would heartily join in it (were it once fet on 
 Foot by others) yet do not chufe to appear 
 themfeves the firft in promoting it. Now, 
 tho* great Timidity and great Caution are 
 Qualities not amifs in fome Circumftances, and 
 are extremely proper in others ; yet in the pre- 
 fent Cafe they are highly detrimental ; as they 
 afford Opportunities to the impudent, and the 
 daring, to Men of no Principles, or of very er- 
 roneous and dangerous ones, to erect their own 
 Syftems on the Ruin of their Country. 
 
 ANSWER 3. THERE is the lefs Reafon to 
 defpond in this Affair, becaule the former 
 Prejudices are all wearing off; and, what is ftill 
 more, becaufe every Man now plainly fees, that 
 we fhall never be able to retain the Americans in 
 
 See my Addrefs and Appeal, Pages 9 19' 
 
 due
 
 S6 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 due and conftitutionai Subjection (even fup- 
 pofing that we conquered them in the prefent 
 MVar) but at fuch an Expence both of Men, 
 and Money, as would, in the Event, prove our 
 Ruin. 
 
 The former commercial Prejudices were, 
 that the American Trade was the only one worth 
 confidering, in a national View 5 and that our 
 Trafic with other Countries, efpecially with the 
 Nations of Europe, was hardly to be defired, 
 in Comparifon with this. The Reverfe of all 
 which is, by Experience* proved to be the FACT. 
 And the Author of thefe Tracts againft the 
 rebel Americans now appears in a very different 
 Light in moft Men's Eyes to what he did fome 
 Years ago, Indeed were a little innocent Mirth 
 to be indulged on this Occafion, it is really di- 
 verting to recollect what abfurd and nonfenfical 
 Stuff was vented to miflead, and inflame the 
 People. Nay, thofe patriotic Worthies, the 
 News- Writers not only proclaimed the Down- 
 fall of the Commerce of this opulent Kingdomj 
 but alfo ventured to foretell that a Set or Cice- 
 roni s would appear, in a Century or two, who 
 . (for. Want of Employ) were to conduct inquifi- 
 tive Strangers over the Ruins of this our once 
 great Metropolis. " Here, Cjentlemen, flood 
 " WeJtminftef-HaU, and adjoining to it was the 
 
 " .Parliament
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS: 7 
 
 " Parliament Houfc: Let us now go and view 
 " another famous Ruin. Here, Gentlemen, 
 " was a Place called the Royal Exchange, where 
 ** Merchants ufed to meet, when Merchants 
 " lived in this Country." Kind and inftruc- 
 tive ! And you too, my ingenious Doctor, you, 
 a Writer on moral Obligation, could condefcend 
 to lend your affifting Hand in this good Work: 
 You too could think it not below your Dignity 
 to pronounce a Kind of funeral Oration over 
 the dead Corpfe of the Bank of England. Poor 
 Bank of England \ Unfortunately taken cap- 
 tive in the American War, and afterwards 
 fcalped, and put to Death in cold Blood 
 by an American Sachem, one Dr. PRICE. 
 But furely, Sir, you was fadly taken in to be 
 made fuch a Tool, to bedaub your Fingers in 
 fuch dirty Work. Your pretended grand Dif- 
 covery is, after all, no more than this that when 
 a Man [.a Corporation of Men makes no Diffe- 
 rence, as to the Truth of the Cafe] mall mort- 
 gage his Lands, or pledge his Perfonals for 
 more than they are worth, fuch Mortgage or 
 Pledge will fo far not be valid. Indeed ! tuum- 
 ne hoc obfecro ? vetus credidi. And if he fingly, 
 or the Corporation jointly, fhall divide fuch bad 
 Mortgages or Pledges into leffer, called Notes 
 of Hand, Bills, . Bank-Bills, &c. &c. each of 
 thefe fmaller bad Mortgages or Pledges will be 
 
 proportionably
 
 8S' SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 proportionably </likewifc. Wonderfully great 
 and new ! And, as you faid of one of Mr. 
 BURKE'S Speeches, admirable and excellent ! 
 Go on therefore, great Sir, and continue to il- 
 lumine our dark Minds with more Difcoveries. 
 Go on, and prove to a Demonftrarion, that a 
 Guinea, for Inftance, if it fhould be light in 
 Weight, or of a greater Alloy than the Standard, 
 is fo far a bad Guinea. 
 
 !.-.> ,', : r j oi 
 
 s 
 
 BUT, my kind Inftruftor, while you are bu- 
 fied in thefe abftrttfe Invetligations, you omitted 
 to mention one Thing, which perhaps is the 
 only Thing worth mentioning in this Affair, 
 viz. That the great national Security againft be- 
 ing over-run with Paper Money, or Paper Credit 
 is, that no Banker's Note, not even a Note 
 of the Bank of England, can be offered in 
 Payment as a legal Tender. Now this you 
 omitted to mention. But why ? Even becaufe 
 your favourite honeft Americans had made a Law 
 formerly, and have fmce made a fimilar Law, 
 declaring that Paper Money may be offered as a 
 legal Tender, and that it mult be accepted, under 
 Penalty of Death, as a full Difcharge. [See this 
 iniquitous Proceeding expofed in feveral of iny 
 Traces, and particularly in Tract V. dedicated 
 to the Continental Congrefs.] Now Dr. PRICE 
 <;bofe to conceal this important Circumttance. 
 
 But,
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 89 
 
 But ftill fome perhaps will be apt to afk, Why 
 is Dr. PRICE fo full of Wrath particularly 
 againft the Bank of England? And what Part 
 of their Conduct has (lirred up his patriotic In- 
 dignation to fuch a Degree ? I will inform them 
 by telling the 'whole Truth refpe&ing a certain 
 Tranfa&ion, where the Doctor contents himfelf 
 with telling a little Truth, a very little indeed, 
 omitting every Circumftance, which would have 
 placed the Subjed in ajuft and proper Light. 
 
 EVER fince the Reign of Queen ANN (and 
 how long before cannot be afcertained) it was 
 cuftomary with Government, when in Want, 
 to get Money advanced by rich Individuals on 
 the Credit of the Land and Malt Tax ; which 
 Sums were repaid, as foon as the Money arifing 
 from thefe Taxes were received and brought 
 into the Exchequer. This Practice was attend- 
 ed with bad Confequences. For firft, the Mo- 
 ney was generally borrowed on very difadvan- 
 tageous Terms , the Lenders making a Prey 
 of the Public in Proportion as the Exigencies 
 of the State became more apparent : And fe- 
 condly, if the Lenders found themfelves di- 
 ftrefied for Money before the Time of Payment 
 of the Taxes came round, which was frequently 
 the Cafe -, they ufed to fend, or carry thefe ex- 
 chequer Tallies to the ALLEY in order to 
 G raife
 
 90 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 raife Money on them. -This laft Circumftance 
 \vas, not qnly. very detrimental, but very dif- 
 graceful alfo. to Government. Detrimental it was,, 
 bccauic in the Event, it enhanced the Premi- 
 um for Lending -, and disgraceful^ becaufe it ex- 
 pofed the Exigencies of the State to our Ene^- 
 mies abroad, and to every wanton Scribler, or ma- 
 levolent Incendiary at Home. [But N. B. Dr. 
 PRICE did not chufe to utter a Syllable of all 
 this.] Therefore the Bank and the Miniftry 
 agreed, that they [the Bank] mould advance the 
 Money on more moderate Terms than ever : 
 And that none of thefe exchequer Tallies fhould 
 appear at Market to be hawked about for the 
 future. Therefore now they are never feen in 
 Public, as heretofore, but being fafely locked 
 up in the Bank, are delivered out, and cancel- 
 led in Proportion as the Money is brought in. 
 This Account 1 had from a worthy Perfon, who 
 certainly ought to know ; becaufe he is princi- 
 pally concerned in the Tran fact ion. He is a 
 Difienter likewife, but a very' different one from; 
 the modern Stamp, and not at all infected- with, 
 the prelent difTenting Madncis. 
 
 HOWEVER, this Lending of Money to --Go- 
 vernment, on inch eajy and honourable Terms^ 
 is the .Offence which has incenfed Dr. PRICE, 
 and ail the Patriots. And therefore they all ex- 
 claim
 
 3POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 91 
 
 claim bitterly againft it. Why do the Miniftry 
 borrow at all ? Why not (lay 'till the Taxes are 
 received, and 'till regular Payments can be 
 made? Why fo lavifh of the public Treafure ? 
 Why fo like a fpendthrift young Heir not of 
 Age, wafting the Eftate before he is in Pofief- 
 fion of it ? &c. &c. Do<5lor I will tell you : It 
 is becaufe your whole Faction (whether you are 
 perfonally concerned, you beft can tell) have 
 put Government to fuch enormous Expences, 
 by exciting the Americans to rebel^ that the Mi- 
 niftry are forced [unlefs they will adopt my 
 Scheme] to anticipate the public Revenue, after 
 the Manner above defcribed : I fay, by exciting 
 the Americans to REBEL : For the Americans 
 themfelves declare, that they never would have 
 gone fuch Lengths, had they not received the 
 moft folemn and ample Affurances from your 
 Party, that vigorous Meafures would be taken 
 to fupport them Therefore I afiert, that the 
 Americans have been betrayed into Rebellion by 
 the falfe Hopes given them by their daftardly 
 Encouragers here at Home : And confequently 
 that every Drop of Blood, and every Shilling of 
 Money expended in this Quarrel, ought to be 
 put to the Account of your Faction of Republi- 
 can Bigots, and Mock Patriots. I do not fay in- 
 deed, that any of you wifhed, that the Americans 
 would have thrown off the Malk fo foon, and 
 G 2 have
 
 92 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 have declared with fuch Vehemence againft all 
 kingly Government. No, this is what you did 
 not wifh, becauie you wanted to have made 
 tfools of them, in order to h,ive brought your 
 own Schemes of more Liberty, and a better Confti- 
 tutionfirft to bear. And then : But they were too 
 precipitate, and both of you have been difap- 
 pointed in your Turns : You by their Over- 
 Eagernefs for attaining the wifhed-for Object of 
 a free and equal Republic : And they, by your 
 Tardinefs and Procraftination. 
 
 HOWEVER, from what has been faid, the intel- 
 ligent Reader will be at no Lofs in comprehend- 
 ing the true Caufe and Foundation of the Dif- 
 pleafure of the whole Party againft the Bank of 
 England. And whilft I am on the Subject, I 
 will add itill one Thing more concerning Paper- 
 Money, [the Importance of it being a furHcient 
 Apology] viz. That Paper Money, and Copper 
 Money have a great Affinity with each other re- 
 fpecting the prefent Subject. For the grand 
 Security againft being ever- run with Copper 
 Money, and againft being drained of our Gold 
 and Silver by fuch Money, is, that Copper is 
 no legal 'Tender of Payment, excepting to a 
 fmall Amount. Therefore no Perfon, as he is 
 not obliged by Law, will take much more of 
 Copper Money than he fees convenient. Con- 
 
 fequently
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 93 
 
 fequently Copper Money never is, and never 
 can be poured in upon us in any alarming Quan- 
 tities. But the patriotic Dean SWIFT had almoft 
 raifed a Rebellion in Ifeland under the like 
 ihameful Pretence, with that which is now 
 maintained by the patriotic Dr. PRICE, viz. 
 That Copper Money and Paper Money will drain 
 us of our Gold and Silver; and, oh fad! fad! 
 Jeave not a Wreck behind. And thus it appears 
 but too plainly, that Mock-Patriots in every 
 Country, in every Age, and of every Denomina- 
 tion, are much the fame. Therefore to return. 
 
 As the great Cry, that our Trade is in 
 Danger, is now proved to be a Phantom ; and 
 as it is apparent all over the Kingdom, that 
 Trade was never brifker, (indeed too brifk to 
 laft, for when there is fuch an exceffive De- 
 mand for Goods, as at prefent, they are never 
 well made ; and that brings on a national 
 Difcredit) therefore the Objections againft a 
 Separation are grc atly lefiened -, at the fame 
 Time, that the Difficulties and Difcourage- 
 ments in carrying on this War, are found to 
 multiply every Day. Now thefe two Circum- 
 ftances, operating together, will of themfelves 
 (not to mention other Reafons) neceflarily bring 
 about in Time, tho' not immediately, the happy 
 Event of a total Separation. 
 
 G 3 CONCLUSION.
 
 4- SERIES OF ANSWERS 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 THUS I have at laft gone through every Ob- 
 jection, which can be thought worthy of 
 Attention. In regard to which I am more 
 afraid, that my judicious Readers will think I 
 have been unneceflarily prolix, than that I have 
 omitted any material Circumftance. However, 
 as I am now taking my Leave of the Subject, I 
 am perfuaded, that it is better to err in the Ex- 
 cefs, than in the Defeft. For by this Redun- 
 dancy of Anfwers, there is the lefs Pretence for 
 any one to fay, that his Objections have not 
 been confidered, and attended to. 
 
 As to the Treatment, which the Author has 
 received on this Qccafion, it is not new to him, 
 nor altogether unexpected. In his younger 
 Years, he received much Ill-ufage from the 
 * Jacobites : He had therefore no great Reafon 
 
 to 
 
 * In the Year 1745, *^ e ^ ear ^ l ^ e Rebellion, I wrote 
 a little Tradt, which, with the Approbation, and by the 
 Advice of the Recorder viBrijlol (afterwards J udge FOSTER) 
 was printed, and given away in great Numbers. The 
 
 Title
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 95 
 
 to exped much better from the Republicans. 
 Violent Extremes are frequently obferved to be- 
 get e?.ch other. And on the Extinction of Ja- 
 cobitifm, it was perceived very early by many 
 diicerning Perfons, that an oppofite Error had 
 luxuriantly mot up-, and thit we mould toon 
 have another Enemy from a different Quarter to 
 ?encounter with : An Enemy, who would prove 
 <fo much the more dangerous, as his outward 
 Appearance, and Garb were much t .e fame 
 with our own, fo that he was not at fiiit Sight 
 to .be diftinguifhed from us. This Obfervation 
 induced the late exce-llent judge FOSTER fome- 
 times to fay (and I think there is a Pafiage fimi- 
 Jar to it to be met with in his Works) " I do 
 " not approve of the Notion, that the Right of 
 
 Title of it was, ' A Calm Addrefs to all Parties in Reli- 
 * gion on the fcore of the prefent Rebellion.' It was fo 
 ;well received at Court, that the Government re-printed, 
 and circulated it, together with the Archbifhop of Fork's 
 Speech, all over the Nation. At that Juncture I was 
 pretty well inftruftcd in a very material Point, viz. What 
 were the Numbers and Strength of reputed Jacobites in 
 Bnftol, and in the neighbouring Counties. Arid I have 
 had the Mortification to find, that not a few of thofir, who 
 .formerly wore all the Injignia, and drank all the blsaltbt 
 of Jacobitifm, now give as evident Proofs of their being 
 Republicans. Perverfe Infatuation ! as if there was no 
 Medium between Scylla and Carybdis ! And that the Ro- 
 verfc of Wrong is always Right ! Dr. PRICE'S Book is as 
 much in Vogue at prefent, as Dr. SACHEVEREL'S Non- 
 jfcnfe was formerly with thefe Gentry. 
 
 G 4 " Election,
 
 96 SERIES OP ANSWERS re 
 
 " electing, and depofmg Kings fhould be made 
 " the Subject of daily Con verfation. This Right 
 " is one of thofe defperate Remedies, which never 
 * e fhould be adminiftered but in defperate Cafes-, 
 " and therefore is not fit for vulgar Ufe, or 
 w common Practice. We all know, that the 
 * e - Revolution was a neceffary Work , but there 
 " is a wide Difference between Neceffity, and 
 <* Wantonnefs. When therefore I hear, that 
 " Men are for ever inculcating the Duty of put- 
 " ting revolutional Principles in Praffice, with- 
 out regard to Times and Circumftances, and 
 * whether in Seafon, or out of Seafon ; I al- 
 " ways fufpec"t, that thefe Men mean to fay, 
 <e we wifh to over-turn the prefent Conftitution, 
 a and to ere<5t a Republic in it's Room !" - 
 
 NAY more, this conftitutional Whig, and truly 
 great Lawyer had the Courage to maintain, in a 
 folemn and judicial Charge, the Prerogative of 
 the Crown in the great Affair of Preflmg j not- 
 withftanding the popular Prejudicies were fo 
 ftrong, and the Mock-Patriots fo clamorous 
 again (I it. And when he printed his Speech, I 
 had rhe Honour of difperfing many Copies of 
 this unanfwerable Tradl, as foon as printed, and 
 long before it was publifhed with the reft of his 
 Works in the Folio Edition. But J hear, that 
 one, or two of ourZ^w-jP#/r/'0/.f [whofe feditious, 
 
 and
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. # 
 
 and inflamatory Harangues have been regarded 
 in America as the Oracles of Law] have fpoken 
 contemptuoufly of this Performance, and have 
 commended the Americans for refufing at all 
 Times? as well as at prefent, to pay any Regard 
 to Judge FOSTER'S Law- Authorities. If this is 
 the Cafe, let them fpeak out, let them publifh 
 their Objections, and fet their Names to what 
 they publifh. Time will fhew the reft. 
 
 As a Clergyman, it is often objected to me, 
 that I am a mercenary Wretch (or as Mr. 
 BURKE was pleafed to phrafe it, a Court Vermin) 
 writing for Preferment. This is very hard and 
 cruel, after fo many fglemn Declarations to the 
 contrary. Let it therefore be obferved, that 
 whereas I had often faid before, I would never 
 directly, or indirectly feek for Preferment-, I 
 will here add, once for all, that I will never 
 accept of any, even tho* offered to, and prefled 
 upon me. 
 
 So HELP ME GOD. 
 
 HAVING now, I think, faid enough on this 
 Subject to convince thofe, who are capable of 
 Conviction, I (hall proceed to obferve in gene- 
 ral, that of all Controverfies agitated in modern 
 Times, this about the Colonies appears to have 
 been carried on by their Friends and Advocates 
 
 with
 
 98 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 with the mod Virulence, and with the leaft RCT 
 gard to Truth and Decency. [No bad Argument 
 this, in my Opinion, independently of others, 
 why we mould wifh for a Separation, in Order 
 to put an End to fuch Procedures.] As to De- 
 cency* indeed there was not much Ground to ex- 
 pect it from the common Herd of Mock Patriots, 
 and republican Bigots, confidermg who they 
 are, what are their Aims and of what Materials 
 mod of them are made : And ftill left was the 
 Profpect that they would pay a due Regard to 
 TRUTH. But neverthelefs, as they have 
 "Writers of Eminence among them, and fuch 
 Writers too, who before this contagious Difor- 
 kr> had maintained a fpotlefs Character i one 
 might have hoped for better Things from tliem. 
 And yet, Reader, what a falling away has. there 
 been even in the beftof them ! Dr. PRICE him- 
 not excepted ! , 
 
 IN my Letter to Mr. BURKE (whofe unpro- 
 voked Ufage compelled me to cenfure and ex- 
 pofe him, as I am now conftrained to do by Dr. 
 PRICE) I obferved at Page n, " That in Pro- 
 U cefs of Time the Notion, that Dominion was 
 44 founded in Grace, grew out of Fafhion [with 
 * c the Antinomian Fanatics of New-England,] 
 ** but that the Colonifts continued to be Repub- 
 <* licans ftillj only Republicans of another Com- 
 
 *,' pleclion.
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 99 
 
 " ple&ion. They are now Mr. LOCKE'S Difci- 
 " pies, who has laid down fuch Maxims in his 
 " Treatife on Government, that if they were to 
 " be executed according to the Letter, and in 
 " the Manner the Americans pretend to under- 
 " ftand them, they would necefiarily unhinge every 
 " Government upon Earth. I mall at prefenn 
 << mention only four of them." [Which I did, 
 quoting both Book ? and Chapter from whence I 
 made my Extract.] 
 
 Now an open and ingenuous Opponent had 
 firft to fay, if he thought proper to fay any 
 Thing, that the Americans were not Mr. LOCKE'S 
 Difciples, and to give his Reafons for that AfTer- 
 tion: Or, fecondly, if he allowed them to be 
 his Difciples, that Mr. LOCKE'S Pofitions were 
 not fo extravagant, and fo detrimental to the 
 Peace of Society, as I had reprefented them : 
 Or, thirdly, that taking them even according to 
 my Quotation, they were to be juftified, and 
 and ought to be defended, by every true Friend 
 to the Rights of Mankind : I fay, an open and 
 ingenuous Opponent would have adopted one 
 or other of thefe Modes of Proceeding ; becaufe 
 each of them is free from the low Cunning of 
 Equivocation, and mental Refervation. 
 
 BUT what Method doth Dr. PRICE adopt in 
 this Cafe ? He adopts neither of the former ; 
 
 but
 
 ioo SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 hut wheels about, and attacks the Dean of 
 Gloctftw under the Cover of ambiguous Expref- 
 fions, capable of different Meanings \ 3 
 Manoeuvre fit only for a bad Caufe? Dr. 
 PRICE'S Words are thefe [Page 93, ift Edit.] 
 ** One of the MOST VIOLENT ENEMIES of the 
 v Colonies has pronounced them all Mr. LOCKE'S 
 w Difciples :--Glorious Title t How fhameful it 
 *< is to make War againft i hem for that Reafon ?** 
 Now the obvious and natural Meaning of thefe 
 "Words, and the only Meaning, in which Dr. 
 PRICE wifhed that his Readers fhould under- 
 ftand him, is, that the Perfon who had called 
 the Colonifts Mr* LOCKE'S Difciples, had like- 
 T#ife recommended the making War againft 
 them for that Reafon ; that is, becaufe they were 
 Mr* L.OCKE*S Difciples. Now, as every Tittle 
 of this; Accufation is notorioujly falfe j and as all 
 rriy violent Enmity againft the Colonies rifes no 
 higher than to wifh to throw them off, leaving 
 them to themfelves, and to. their own Imagina- 
 tions, What canDr. PRICE fay to thefe Things ? 
 And how can he clear himfelf from the Guilt 
 of being a falfe Accufer f I profefs, I know of 
 no Salvo, no Subterfuge whatever. For either 
 he muft fubmit to this Imputation, or lie under 
 Another, which, by adding Crime to Crime, and 
 chicaning away the Meaning of the Pafiages, is 
 tnuch worfe. And then his Defence and Vin,- 
 
 dicatiorv
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS, iat 
 dication would run much in the following Strain i 
 " I did not mention Dr. TUCKER by Name, 
 " therefore he needed not to have applied the 
 " Paffage to himfelf." But, Sir, the Circunv 
 ftances prove, that you meant him. *' D<5 
 " they ? Why then an Enemy might fignify only 
 " an Adverfary^ f ich as Dr. TUCKER certainly 
 c is." But a moft 'violent Enemy -, what can that 
 fignify ? " A 'violent Enemy may fignify a viokat 
 " ddverfaryT Still, Sir, you cannot come off 
 even by the Help of this Salvo \ for you add 
 immediately afterwards, " How mamef ul it is to 
 " make War againft the Americans for being 
 cc Mr. LOCKE'S Difciples ," therefore this vident 
 Enemy was likewifc for making War againft 
 them, according to your State of the Cafe ? 
 " Oh no : I had there turned the Difcourfe by a 
 " Figure in Rhetoric called Apvjlrophe\> and was 
 " then thinking of the bloody-minded Miniftry, 
 "and not of Dr. TUCKER." Bravo! The 
 Order of the Jefuits is now extinct : And cer- 
 tainly there was no Need of continuing them 
 any longer, even for teaching the Art of Chicane 
 and Equivocation, if we can find fuch adroit 
 Profeflbrs among Proteflancs themfelves. As 
 to the Apellation, glorious Title ! which Dr. 
 PRICE beftows on all Mr. LOCKE'S Difciples ; 
 furely it is not very confiilent for him, of all 
 Men, who difclaims paying any Deference in 
 
 Matters
 
 SEkfES OP ANSWERS fo 
 
 Matters of Argument and Reafon to any * hu- 
 man Authority* when it makes againft him ; 
 yet to exult fo much on the Authority of a fingle 
 Man, when it makes for him. Btit let this pafs 
 dt prefent, in Order that we may not anticipate 
 \vhat may further be faid on the Subject of Mr. 
 LOCKE. Indeed it is here particularly urged, 
 as zdiftinft Confideration, that he was the great 
 Friend of the Liberties of Mankind : And I am, 
 ready to allow, that fuch a Character is a^/m- 
 eus Title, when truly and eminently deferved. 
 But a mere Affertion is no Proof. Therefore 
 the great Queftion is ftill remaining, viz. In 
 what Refpects did he fo eminently deferve to be 
 ftiled the Friend of, and Champion for the Li- 
 berties of Mankind ? Now 'till this can be fairly 
 decided, fnrely it would be wrong to build fo 
 high an Encomium as Dr. PRICE has done, on 
 a mere Suppofition. In the mean Time, he 
 rhuft give me Leave to mention one Circum- 
 ftonce, which, according to my Ideas (I will 
 
 * In my Letter to Dr. Kir PIS (printed for RJVINGTON) 
 the C?-fe is ftuted, in what Refpecb, and under what Li- 
 mitations, Human Authority is admiflible in all Ccntro- 
 Verfits whatever, religious, civil, philosophical, &c. &c. 
 And it is fuitlier fliewn, that the Church of England lays 
 no other Strefs on, or further claim to, any Authority 
 than what is petfcutly agreeable to the Rules of Procedure 
 in all the Affairs of Human Life ; and indeed without 
 "which Degree of it, Human Affairs could not be carried om 
 
 not
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 103 
 
 not anfwer for the Do&or's) makes no Ihining 
 Part in the Character of Mr. LOCKE, as the Pa- 
 tron, Protector, and Guardian of the common 
 Rights of all Mankind. In his fundamental Laws 
 
 O 
 
 of the Province of Carolina, he lays it down as 
 an invariable Maxim (ConftitutionCX.j " That: 
 " every Freeman of Carolina (hall have ABSO- 
 " LUTE POWER AND AUTHORITY over his 
 " Negro Slaves." And at the Conclufion o 
 this Code of Laws, he adds thefe remarkable 
 Words : " Thefe Confutations, in Number 
 " 1 20, and every Part thereof, fhall be and re- 
 " main the/^rra/and unalterable Form and Rule 
 " of the Government of Carolina FOR EVER. 
 " Witnefs our Hands and Seals the ifl Day of 
 " March, 1669." Such is the Language of the 
 humane Mr. LOCKE ! the great and glorious 
 Afiertor of the natural Rights and Liberties of 
 Mankind. 
 
 Now I have obferved already both in this, and 
 in former Treatifes, that Republicans in gene- 
 ral are for leveling all Diftin&ions above them, 
 and at the fame Time for tyrannizing over thofe, 
 whom Chance or Misfortune have placed below 
 them. And moft undoubtedly a ftronger Proof 
 of this Conduct could not have been given, than 
 what is contained in the above Aflertion of Mr. 
 LOCKE. But here I forefee, that an Excufe, or 
 
 Apology
 
 K>4 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 Apology (fuch as it is) will be attempted to be 
 made : " Mr. LOCKE was then a young Man^ 
 v as appears by the Date of this Code of Laws 
 < c [ 1 669] And as he lived under the Reign of a 
 " tyrannical STUART [CHARLES II.] it is no 
 " Wonder, that he Ihould be a little tainted 
 V- with the Vices of the Times.'* Well [wav- 
 ing at prefent the Confideration, that to follow 
 a Multitude to do Evil is no juft Excufe] let us 
 attend this great Man to the JEra. of Liberty, 
 and to the Times fubfequent to the Revolution : 
 Nay, let us fee, what were his real Sentiments 
 concerning Slavery in that very Treatife, which 
 was faid to have been wrote in Defence of the 
 Revolution : A ftrange Defence it was ! I mean 
 his Treatife on Government. For in that very 
 Treatife, Book 2, Chap. 7, of political or civil 
 Society. We find the following aftonifhing Po- 
 fition. " There is another Sort of Servants, 
 *- which by a peculiar Name we call SLAVES, 
 <' who being Captives taken in a juft War^ are 
 ^ by the Right of Nature^ fubjected to the AB- 
 < c SOLUTE DOMINION, AND ARBITRARY POWER 
 of their Mafters" 
 
 READER, I can proceed no farther , for did 
 ?oiot is here decided, as far as the Judgment of 
 Mr. LOCKE can decide it. [And if he ha 
 maintained Opinions in other diftant Parts of hb 
 
 Book,
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 10$ 
 
 Book, which fcem to contradict this Pofiiton, I 
 am not to be anfwerable for \\isfeeming Contra- 
 diction.] Nothing therefore now remains, but 
 to determine, whether this, or any other War 
 carried, or to be carried on, is juft> or unjuft. 
 And two Sets of Cafuifts will always make quick 
 Difpatch with that Matter : Our *Guiney Cap- 
 tains in one Inftance, and fuch Party-Writers as 
 Dr. PRICE in the other. Indeed Dr. PRICE has 
 already determined, that the War on the Part of 
 the Americans is merely defenfi<ve> confequently 
 juft and neceffary. Therefore it mud follow ac- 
 cording to the above Poikion of Mr. LOCKE, 
 that every Engliftiman taken Prilbner in the pre- 
 fent War, is by tfie Right of 'Nature ', to be Jubjeft 
 to the abfolute Dominion an^jarbitrary Power of 
 his American Mafttr. And as to the Guiney 
 Captains, they too can eafily find as good an 
 Apology as the Doctor's, for making War upon 
 the poor Negroes, or for caufing others to make 
 War againft them, in order to procure Slaves. 
 Confequently, Blacks, or Whites, the Inhabi- 
 tants of Africa, or of Great-Britain are, accord- 
 ing to this comfortable Interpretation of the 
 Law of Nature, and the Rights of Conqueft, 
 under the fame Condemnation : And nothing 
 but Force is wanting to juftify the felting us all 
 for Slaws, Glorious Titles thefe! Glorious 
 H Deeds!
 
 f 3" 
 
 JKAJ 
 
 jo6 SERIES OF ANSWERS TO 
 
 Deeds ! All the antient Republicans, Romans, 
 Athenians, Spartans, &c. &c. reafoned, and aft- 
 cd exadly after the fame Manner. 
 
 ' ' '' 
 
 - 
 
 
 ;H* t tfj/r?cr 
 
 POSTSCRIPT; 
 
 j
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS. 107 
 
 POSTSCRIPT. 
 
 THE foregoing Treatife was finifhed, and 
 a great Part k-nt to the Prefs* before the 
 News arrived of the Succefs of his Majefty's 
 Forces againll the American Rebels. Prohably 
 this Circumftance may make a great Alteration 
 in fome Men's Minds, refpefting the NecefTity 
 or Expediency of a total Separation. But, alas ! 
 arguing from mere Contingencies and the Chance 
 of War, is at beft a .very precarious Method, 
 and is the more fatally delufive, as it is fo flatter- 
 ing to human Vanity. Indeed it has no Weight 
 at all, if put in the Balance againft the natural, 
 and therefore in the End the neceffary Courfe of 
 Things. Jt was certainly as much the Intereft 
 of the Englijh Nation to have abandoned France* 
 immediately after the mining Victories of dgin- 
 court and Creffy, as ever it was either before, or 
 fince. But, alas ! who is fo wife and prudent 
 as to make Cefiions immediately, aher having 
 gained a Victory, or made a Conquclt ? 
 
 THE only proper Inference to be drawn from 
 
 our prefent Succeis is, to terminate the War 1 
 
 H 2 with
 
 jo* ;SERTES OF ANSWERS T. 
 
 with more Speed, and wiih greater Reputation* 
 It is now wholely in qur Power to provider 
 proper Settlements for the loyal Part of the 
 Americans in the four central Provinces [fee 
 Page^S 1-83] of .NtW;T$rki New-Jerfey, Mary- 
 land, and Penjilvania ; which Provifion and Set- 
 tle.mentb' perhaps it may not be in our Power to 
 make fome Years hence, or after a Reverfe of 
 Fortune. Therefore we ought to embrace the 
 prefent Opportunity V re it be loft -, - and CON- 
 CLU.D.F THE WAR, National Intereft, national 
 Honour, good Policy, and the Principles o 
 permanent, extenlive Commerce all unite in. 
 this Point. 
 
 ml 
 
 AT
 
 
 A 
 
 SUMMARY 
 
 OF THE 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 The P R E F A C E. 
 
 Tagts. 
 
 THE Reafons fet forth For delaying the 
 Publication of the Animadverfions on 
 Mr. L9CK, at the jpreiem Jun&ure. iii .yu 
 
 An Extract of a Letter from Dr. FRANKLIN 
 to the Author, accounting for his [the 
 Doctor's] Nomination of a Frjend to a Place 
 in the Collection in the American Stamps. vii via. 
 
 Inferences drawn from the Tenor of that Letter. ix 
 
 Jleafons afligncd, why the Regency-Bill, and 
 not the Stamp- Ac~t, was the exciting Cuufeof 
 the prefent Rebellion. X- xi\ 
 
 After the Repeal of the Stamp- AA, the ena&- 
 ing- a Declaratory Law to bind die olonies 
 in all Cafes wbatfoever WHS the worit Remedy 
 that could be applied for healing the Breach 
 made in the Conltitution. xi-~ xu. 
 
 The Manner, in which the Americans treated 
 this Declaratory Law, and the Ufcs they 
 made of it. xii xiii. 
 
 The
 
 
 T - * isl T o 
 1 X, Jv i b. 
 
 The "Rockingham Adminiftration, the Authors ' 
 , of both thefe Laws. xiii xiv, 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 A -<t*- i-**t* - j' " ' <?W 
 
 , 
 
 The Propefal for a total Separation gains 
 
 Ground. .''* '"* ix. 
 
 *. 
 
 If the parent State cannot be juftified in the 
 Stamp- Aft, it can ftill lei's in the Navigation 
 Aft. Xi 
 
 Heafons affi^ned, why fome Americans, and all 
 * Mock-Patriotfr and Republicans, are averfe to 
 a Separation, xi. 
 
 g t'.l /j ( j A ' . j ^-v; . .- ' : 
 
 from the London Evening Pojl of 
 Augujl i, 1776. xiii. 
 
 POPULAR OBJECTIONS 
 
 SEPARATION anfwered. 
 
 I. H >w fhall the Merchants and 
 ti of (jrent- Britain recover their 
 Pro-.jerty out of the Hands of the Americans^ 
 in Catt of a separation ? Anfwered 15 
 
 OBJECTION II. Howfhall we prevent 
 
 /w^/ iflands fiom falling under th growing 
 Empire f America in Cafe of a Separation ? 
 Anfwered 18 23 
 
 , 
 
 OBJECTION III. How fhall we prevent the 
 North- Americans from becoming a formidable^, 
 Naval Power, in Cafe of a Separation ? 
 Anfwered 23- -25
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Pages, 
 
 OBJECTION IV. Will not the prefcnt War 
 now carried on with fuch Rancor and Ani- 
 mofity, prevent the Englijh and the Americans 
 from trading with each other in Cafe of a 
 Separation ? Anfwered 26 31 
 
 OBJECTION V. If wefhould lofe the Northern 
 Colonies, where (hall we get Pitch and Tar, 
 Mafts and Naval Stores for our Navy ? An- 
 fwered 32 34 
 
 OBJECTION VI. In Cafe of a Separation, 
 Where {hall we. get Pipe-Staves, and other 
 Lumber for our Weft-India Iflands ? And 
 above alj, Where fhall we get Provifions ? 
 Anfwered 3537 
 
 OBJECTION VII. In Cafe of a Separation, 
 From whence fhall we procure Rice and 
 Tobacco? Anfwered 38 40 
 
 OBJECTION VIII. In Cafe of a Separation, 
 Will not the North- Americans fet up various 
 Manufactures of their own, and lay heavy, 
 difcouraging Duties .on the Importations of 
 ours ? Anfwered 41 45 
 
 OBJECTION IX. Will not a Separation from 
 the Northern Colonies greatly decreafe the 
 Number of cur Seamen '. Anlwered 46 52 
 
 OBJECTION X. Would it not be better to 
 continue.yw* Kind of Union with the Colo- 
 nies at any Rate, rathe; than ro throw thorn 
 entirely off? Suppofe both Part- of t^ie ;/- 
 tljk Nation, the European, anJ th; American 
 were to remain united und r one, and t!ie 
 famii Prince, but to at as diftind ami fepa- 
 ratc States, independent of each other, in 
 
 H 4 aU 
 
 '
 
 C <? * T ?-;N TVS,-, 
 
 i . \ rages. 
 
 all other Refpe&s ; -\yould not even tjtjis 
 fl be more eligible than a total Separation ? 
 Anfwered 5359 
 
 OBJECTION XI. Will not tjie fevering of 
 America from England have the fame EtTecl 
 on our Political Cenftitution, as that of 
 cutting oif, or ftriking away a main Prop, 
 a malty Pillar, or Buttress from an antient, 
 crazy Building ? Anfwered 6o-r-74 
 
 OBJECTION- 11. If it be rig^t to feparate frorri 
 ' North- Afnerica^ Will not the fame Argu- 
 ments kad to prove, that it will be right to 
 feparate from Ireland alfo ? But can fuch a 
 fcicheme be corififtent With common &enfc, or 
 common Prudence ? Anfwered \> 75"~~78 
 
 OBJECTION XIII. If we fhould feparate from 
 ffartb-jimtriica, .what Recompenfe fjialj WQ 
 be able to make to thofe faithful Americans^ 
 who have fuffered for, their Loyalty to the 
 King, and their Allegiance . to the Eritijb 
 Government? Anfwered ,,.." /l ^, ^ , 7983 
 
 ~>. '," '>* j ;:I T - .4 
 
 OBJECTION XIV. Who will dare to move in 
 - either Houfe of Parliament for the Separa- 
 tion here prcpofsd ? Anfwered ; ,- 84 93 
 
 CONCLUSION. 
 
 Reafons for ftating fo many Ocrjeti6ns, and 
 ; for being prolix in the Anfwcrs. "/- 94 
 
 Or> Jacobites turned new Republican^. 95 
 
 JLepublican Whigs difguife themfelves 
 , the Mafk of Conftituaonal Whigs.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Peget. 
 
 A faying of the late excellent Judge FOSTER. 96 
 
 His Defence of the Legality of Preffing unan- 
 
 fwerable. c 
 
 The remarkable Virulence and Difregard to 
 Truth vifible in the Conduct of the Rebels, 
 and their Abettors. Q$ 
 
 A Qnere, Whether Mr. LOCKE deferred the 
 Epithet of Glorious beftowed on h m by Dr. 
 PRICE, for his Treatiie on Government. J03 
 
 Mr. LOCKE'S Definition of the Ridn of Maf- 
 ters over their Slaves applied to the Ncgrpc- 
 Trade, and the prefent War. 
 
 Latefy
 
 . . ; T.,i 
 
 .* ljV>U< \ .- -..tjflt-ySvi fW/O -Mri 
 
 2. Animadverfions on the late Attempt to deprive the 
 Clergy of fome Part of thefe-Pofleflions, by Means of 
 a Nullum Tempus Bill. 
 
 >' 
 
 3; Animadverfions on an Attempt now forming to de- 
 prive them of ;tiii more, by Means of a Bill lately 
 prefeated to the Grand Juries throughout the.King- 
 com, for compelling the Clergy to accept of fuch 
 Compenfations in Lieu of Tithes, as Perfons interefted 
 in the Payment of Tithes (hill dictate to them : To- 
 gether with a Parody on fome Parts of the faid Bill, 
 respecting the Cafe of Landlords and Tenants, ac- 
 cording to the modern Dotrine of the natural Equality 
 of Mankind, and of a free and equal Republic, atf .'H 
 .-/. ,6 ; F f'^i-i^felM.) 1 0^** *IM<> ** ' ;'-O-TU T 
 4.. A Propofal for the gradual Abolition of Tithes to the 
 mutual Satisfaction of Incumbent and Pariihioners, 
 by a Bill to enable^ but not to compel^ the Parties con~ 
 cerned to exchange Tithes for .Lands. 
 
 5. Commendations beftowed on the truly pious, and really 
 patriotic Defigri of a -Bill now depending, to enable the 
 
 1 poorer Clergy to rebuild anxl improve their Parfonage 
 Houfes, Out-Houfes, &c. ; whei'cin will be pointed 
 out certain Omiifions and Imperfections in the faid 
 Bill ; and a Method fuggeftovi for the more tff :6tually 
 anfvvering the good Intent of the Framers of that Bill, 
 xvithout mortgaging the Living, for the Repairs or 
 Rebuilding of the Parfonage Houfe, &c. 
 
 . $0 be fublijhed after a Pacification wilh the 
 Colonies. 
 
 A Confutation of fome Parts of Mr. LOCKE'S. Treatife 
 on the true Origin, Extent, and End cf Civil Go- 
 vernment: Wherein the following Pofitions of Mr. 
 LOCKE and his Followers will be particularly confi- 
 , and examined.
 
 1. That every Man in 'Society either is,, or outfit to be, 
 his own Legiflator, his own Governor, and his own 
 Director. 
 
 2. That all Taxes whatfoever [even tfiofe which are for 
 ' the neceliary Support ct" the M:ate, and for the K.y- 
 
 mtnt of its Debts] ou^h: to be contlderedas mereFree- 
 G frs, and vo'umary Donations. 
 
 3. That in the Affairs of Taxation and Legiflation, if 
 any i'erion ca-i have a RL>ht to tax another, or to 
 ir.aiie Laws to bind him, without his o/v-n Confc-nt, 
 \T\J*me Degree, he muft have a Right to tax and bind" 
 him in all D- f r^.s: Or in other Words, that t.,ue 
 can be no Medium found out between difc. ettona>y 
 Power and at bitrary Power ; they being fynonimous 
 Terms. 
 
 4. That the Enjoyment of Protection,, and of a'l the 
 Benefits of a locul 'rate, doth not oblige any Man to 
 obey that State nnv- longer than he pie f- s ; uniefs he 
 has bound himfelf by a fpecial Covenant, fo to do. 
 
 5. That length of Time, quiet PofTcfli-m, and peacea- 
 ble Enjoyment can give no Right or 1 itle to any Go- 
 vernment founded originally on Force, and not on 
 Coufcnt. 
 
 .310 be publtflied the laft of all, if Divine Providence 
 fluuid vouchfafe Life and Health to the Author. 
 
 A 
 
 Revifal of the Common Prayer, agreeably to the 
 Principles of Orthodoxy : Or an Efiay towards 
 improving our Forms of public Worfhip, without 
 injuiing, or undermining our Public, eftablifhed, 
 national Religion. Which Treatifc will confift of 
 the following Particulars. 
 
 I. A
 
 X. A new c et of/r/? t/^fforis ; whereby the more inurua- 
 dye Parts o' tru- old reftamen -.ill be more frequently 
 and the kfs inftru<Stive omitted.- 
 
 3U Thf Book of Pi'alms Bridged, and methodized Under 
 certain Heads o D vo.io.i, and Morals : The Abridg 
 ment to corfift of 14 Hvmns for Morninp <rfd 
 Evcnirg ervice, faiter'totht f ven Days of the Wcx-kj 
 with an introductory Hym.. to be conftantly uicd. 
 
 \ I>.in r:'5r- Uf *;-^ v^" ',.. .-:.'.'.<* /.' 
 
 ,^. A Retrenchmrn 1 of Redund ncies and Repetirions. 
 And a Reduction < ..Ij the >e vices to a Length und 
 fcize more ft;kable to me Ci^eumftances of a public 
 Congi'egation* 
 
 44 An Arrputation of fome offenflve PafTages, and in- 
 cautious Jbxpreflions* 
 
 5* An Additi n of a few Cbllefis to be made for parti- 
 cular QcC9UODS| .he Catcchifm to be enlarge >, and 
 the Commination- ervice o be altered. 
 
 6. A new Set of C>-.l!ets to precede the Epiftles and 
 Gofpdsj rnore fuitabie to thofe Portions of Scripture, 
 than th pref<m arc* N -B. This Collection Will 
 chiefly corfift pf .hi fr. -Colkdts, which Bithop [then. 
 IXan] PATRIC prcT-i.t-dtv the Rev. and. Right Rev. 
 the Commilfioners appoint .-< Anno. 1689, by King 
 WILLIAM and Queen MARY f.r theRevifal and Im- 
 provement of ihc Con nun Prayer. 
 
 The Whole to be ufhered in by a preliminary Difcourfe, 
 containing, i. A fhort Accourit of Liturgi.s in gene- 
 ral, and of the Forms principally in Ufe in England 
 before the Reformation. 
 
 A Stricture on ihe Errors of Dr. CLARK, in his 
 pretended Emendations f the Gcmmon Prayer: And, 
 
 odly. Some Obfcrvavions on the imperfect: Plan, as far asr 
 it can be traced, oi the Rev. and Right Rev. the Gom- 
 
 miflionera
 
 miffi^ners appointed Anno. 1689. And on the imper- 
 fect Execution of that Plan, before the Aflembly broke 
 
 up. 
 
 Such Perfom> who approve of the Dejjgn, as above fet 
 
 forth, and uijb to promote the Execution of it, are humbly 
 
 requeued to honou" the Author with their kind Helps and Af- 
 
 ftftances. The Favour Jhall be refpeftfully acknowledged $ 
 
 and their Names faithfully concealed, if required. 
 

 

 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY 
 
 Los Angeles 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 
 
 MAR 1 8 1954 
 
 ^flvg 7 1953. 
 
 DEC 18 19^7 
 JAN 7 1958. 
 
 JAN 7 RtCQ 
 
 n 
 
 .JAN 2 
 
 JAN 
 
 _ 
 
 ' RtL 
 
 R 15195* 
 
 ro LD-( 
 
 JUL 16^ 8S 
 
 APR 09 "i 
 
 RU 
 
 MAY a ^ 
 
 Form L9-25m-8,'46(9852)444 
 
 I IV /\ t\ I
 
 ^ Vv'Si'v 
 II III I 
 
 L 005 848 687 9 
 
 QUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 A 001 122591 9