mm THE 3 LAG Forever float that Standard sheet." NEW YORK: E. B. TREAT & COMPANY, No. 654 Broadway. THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK OF FACTS AND FIGURES, HISTORICAL, DOCUMENTARY, STATISTICAL, POLITICAL, FROM THE FORMATION OF THE GOVERNMENT TO THE PRESENT TIME. I WITH A FULL CHRONOLOGY OF THE REBELLION, Illustrated. NEW YORK: E. B. TREAT & CO., 654 BROADWAY. CHICAGO, ILL. : R. C. TREAT & C. W. LILLET. IRA S. BRAIN ARD, ST. LOUIS, MO. A. L. TALCOTT & CO., PITTSBURG, PA. H. H BANCROFT & CO., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL. 1868. Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868, by E. B. TREAT, In the Clerk's office of the District Court for the Southern Dist. of New York. PRESS OF THE NEW YORK PRINTING COMPANY. PREFACE. THIS book appeals to the patriotic sentiments of all classes of readers. In its pages will be found those words of burning eloquence which lighted the fires of the American Revolution, stirring the hearts of our fathers to do battle for our independence ; the words of wisdom which brought our ship of state safely through the storms of strife into the calms of peace, and all of the most important speeches and proclamations of our statesmen which guided our country during critical periods of our political life. It is a book of our country as a whole ; all must read it with emotions of gratitude and pride at the grandeur and stability of our institutions as exempli- fied by the eloquent words of the statesmen and leading spirits of the great Eepublic. First in its pages, appropriately, will be found the " Declaration of Independence," the great corner VI PREFACE. stone of American liberty ; and as a fitting close. one of our most distinguished historians has fur- nished a " History of the Flag," the Flag of the Union, the sacred emblem around which are clus- tered the memories of the thousands of heroes who have struggled to sustain it untarnished against both foreign and domestic foes.. To the Declaration of Independence, Constitution of the United States, and Washington's Farewell Address truly " Key Notes to American Liberty " have been added many important proclamations and congressional acts of a later day, namely : President Jackson's famous Nullification Proclamation to South Caro- lina, The Monroe Doctrine, Dred Scott Decision, Neutrality laws, with numerous documents, state papers and statistical matter growing out of the late Eebellion ; all of which will be read with new and ever increasing interest. And as long as our Republic endures, these pages will be cherished as the representative of all that is great and good in our country ; and will prove incentives to our chil- dren to follow in the footsteps of the patriots by whose genius and valor our institutions have been cherished and preserved, and liberty, like water made to run throughout the land free to all. CONTENTS. PAGE DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 9 CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 18 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 39 CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ABOLISHING SLAVERY .... 44 PROPOSED AMENDMENTS OF THE XXXIXTH CONGRESS. . . 48 THE ORDINANCE OF 1787. 51 THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1793 52 THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850 55 THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE 67 BATTLES OF THE EEVOLUTION 69 INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON 70 WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS f 77 PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION TO SOUTH CARO- LINA , 105 MONROE DOCTRINE 144 DRED SCOTT DECISION 146 PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES, WITH THE POPULAR VOTE FOR EACH 154 POPULAR NAMES OF STATES 166 NEUTRALITY LAW OF THE UNITED STATES 168 POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES 176 SLAVE POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1860 177 STATISTICS OF SLAVERY BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 178 SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS, His LAST WORDS FOR THE UNION 179 PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S FIRST CALL FOR TROOPS 186 TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED INTO SERVICE DURING THE REBELLION 188 Vlll CONTENTS. PAGE RESOLUTIONS OP THE N. Y. CHAMBER OP COMMERCE. . . . 189 BLOCKADE PROCLAMATION, BY PRESIDENT LINCOLN 194 EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 197 CONFISCATION ACT 201 FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS OP PRESIDENT LINCOLN 204 BALANCE SHEET OP THE GOVERNMENT, BEFORE AND SINCE THE WAR, 1859 AND 1865 221 PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S SECOND AND LAST INAUGURAL ADDRESS 222 PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OP AMNESTY 226 PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PROCLAMATION 232- PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S PEACE PROCLAMATION 237 THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL 239 FREEDMEN'S BUREAU BILL 248 PROVOST MARSHAL-GENERAL'S REPORT OP THE KILLED AND WOUNDED DURING THE REBELLION 261 THE UNITED STATES ARMY, SHOWING THE NUMBER OP MEN FURNISHED FROM EACH STATE DURING THE REBELLION , 265 HISTORY OP THE FLAG 266 IMPORTANT EVENTS OP THE REBELLION 274 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OP THE BATTLES AND SKIR- MISHES OP THE WAR, SHOWING THE COMMANDING OFFICERS AND Loss ON EACH SIDE 280 LIST OP VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED FOR VIO- LATION OP THE BLOCKADE OR IN BATTLE 319 UNION VESSELS CAPTURED OR DESTROYED BY THE DIF- FERENT CONFEDERATE PRIVATEERS 352 THE VARIOUS RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 361 TENURE OF OFFICE BILL 381 PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S VETO 386 THE BANKRUPTCY ACT 398 STATISTICS OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES 403 THE POPULAR ELECTORAL VOTE OF 1860 AND 1864. . . , . 406 IATIOIAL HAID-BOOK. DEOLAEATION OF INDEPENDENCE. IN CONGEESS, July 4, 1776. By the Representatives oftiie United States, in Congress assembled. A DECLARATION. WHEN, in the course of liuman events, it becomes necessary for one people to dissolve the political bands which have connected them with another, and to assume among the powers of the earth the separate and equal station to which the laws of nature and of nature's God entitle them, a decent respect for the opinions of mankind requires that they should declare the causes which impel them to the separation. 1* LO NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. We hold these truths to be self-evident : that all men are created equal ; that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap- piness ; that to secure these rights, governments are instituted among men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any form of government becoriles destructive of these ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish it, and to institute a new government, laying its foundation on such principles, and organizing its powers in such form, as to them shall seem most likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence, indeed, will dictate that governments long estab- lished should not be changed for light and transient causes ; and accordingly all experience hath shown that mankind are more- disposed to suffer, while evils are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing the forms to which they are accustomed. But when a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing invariably the same object, evinces a design to reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their right, it is their duty, to throw off such government and to provide new guards for their future security Such has been the patient sufferance of these col- ,onies; and such is now the necessity which con strains them to alter their former system of govern- DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 11 ment. The history of the present King of Great Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa- tions, all having in direct object the establishment of an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove this, let facts be submitted to a candid world. He has refused his assent to laws the most whole- some and necessary for the public good. He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended in their operation till his assent should be obtained ; and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to attend to them. He has refused to pass other laws for the accom- modation of large districts of people, unless those people would relinquish the right of representation in the legislature a right inestimable to them, and formidable to tyrants only. He has called together legislative bodies at places unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the deposi- tory of their public records, for the sole purpose of fatiguing them into compliance with his measures. He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly, for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on the right of the people. He has refused, for a long time after such disso- lutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have 12 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. returned to the people at large for their exercise ; the State remaining, in the mean time, exposed to all the danger of invasion from without and convul- sions within. He has endeavored to prevent the population of these States ; for that purpose obstructing the laws for naturalization of foreigners, refusing to pass others to encourage tti^ir migration hither, and raising the conditions of new appropriations of lands. He has obstructed the administration of justice, by refusing his assent to laws for establishing judiciary powers. He has made judges dependent on his will alone for the tenure of their offices and the amount and payment of their salaries. He has erected a multitude of new offices, and sent hither swarms of officers, to harrass our people and eat out their substance. He has kept among us, in times of peace, stand- ing armies, without the consent of our legislatures. He has affected to render the military indepen- dent of and superior to the civil power. He has combined with others to subject us to a jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unac- knowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their acts of pretended legislation, DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 13 For quartering large bodies of armed troops among us : For protecting them, by a mock trial, from pun- ishment for any murders which they should commit on the inhabitants of these States : For cutting off our trade with all parts of the world : For imposing taxes on us without our consent : For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits of trial by jury : For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for pretended offences : For abolishing the free system of English law in a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi- trary government, and enlarging its boundaries so as to render it at once an example and fit instrument for introducing the same absolute rule into these colonies : For taking away our charters, abolishing our most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the forms of our government : For suspending our own legislatures, and declar- ing themselves invested with power to legislate for us in all cases whatsoever. He has abdicated government here by declaring us out of his protection, and waging war against us He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts, 14 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our people. He is at this time transporting large armies of foreign mercenaries, to complete the works of death, desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circu in- stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the head of a civilized nation. He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their country, to become the executioners of their friends and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands. He has excited domestic insurrections amongst us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruc- tion of all ages,, sexes, and conditions. In every stage of these oppressions we have peti- tioned for redress in the most humble terms ; our petitions have been answered only by repeated injury. A prince whose character is thus marked by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to be the ruler of a free people. Nor have we been wanting in attention to our British brethren. We have warned them, from time to time, of attempts made by their legislature to extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 15 have reminded them of the circumstances of our emigration and settlement here. We have appealed to their native justice and magnanimity, and we have conjured them, by the ties of our common kin- dred, to disavow these usurpations, which would inevitably interrupt our connections and correspon- dence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of justice and consanguinity. We must therefore acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our sep- aration, and hold them, as we hold the rest of man- kind, enemies in war in peace, friends. We, therefore, the representatives of the United States of America, in General Congress assembled, appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and by the authority of the good people of these colonies, solemnly publish and declare that these United Col- onies are, and of good right ought to be, free and independent States ; that they are absolved from all allegiance to the British crown, and that all political connection between them and the State of Great Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and that, as free and independent States, they have full power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alli- ances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts and things which independent States may of right do. And for the support of this declaration, with a 16 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence, we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our fortunes, and our sacred honor. Signed by order and in behalf of the Congress. JOHN HANCOCK, President. Attested, CHARLES THOMPSON, Secretary. NEW HAMPSHIBE. Josiah Bartlett, William Whipple, Matthew Thornton. MASSACHUSETTS BAY. Samuel Adams, John Adams, Robert Treat Paine, Eldridge Gerry. ERODE ISLAND, ETC. Stephen Hopkins, William Ellery. CONNECTICUT. Roger Sherman, Samuel Huntington, William Williams, Oliver Wolcott. NEW YOBK. William Floyd, Philip Livingston, Francis Lewis, Lewis Morris. NEW JERSEY. Richard Stockton, John Witherspoon, Francis Hopkinson, John Hart, Abraham Clark. PENNSYLVANIA. Robert Morris, Benjamin Rush, Benjamin Franklin, John Morton, George Clymer, James Smith, George Taylor, James Wilson, George Ross. DELAWAEE. Caesar Rodney, George Read, Thomas M'Kean. MAE YL AND. Samuel Chase, William Paca, Thomas Stone, Charles Carroll, of Carrollton. VIEGINIA. George Wythe, Richard Henry Lee, Thomas Jeflerson, Benjamin Harrison, Thomas Nelson, jr., Francis Lightfoot Lee, Carter Braxton. DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 17 NOBTH OABOLINA. Thomas Hey ward, jr., Tir'ii' TT Thomas Lynch, jr.. William Hooper, ^ m y^ Joseph Hewes, John Penn. GEOEGIA. Edward Rutledge, George Walton. 18 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES, WE, the People of the United States, in order to form a more perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity, provide for the common defence, promote the general wel- fare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. ARTICLE I. I. All legislative powers herein granted shall be vested in a Congress of the United States, which shall consist of a Senate and House of Representa- tives. II. 1. The House of Representatives shall be composed of members chosen every second year by the people of the several States ; and the electors in each State shall have the qualifications requisite for electors of the most numerous branch of the State legislature. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 19 2. T$o person shall be a representative who shall not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and been seven years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of the State in which he shall be chosen. 3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be appor- tioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole number of free persons, includ- ing those bound to service for a term of years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other persons. The actual enumeration shall be made within three years after the first meeting of the Con- gress of the United States, and within every subse- quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall by law direct. The number of representatives shall not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each State shall have at least one representative; and until such enumeration shall be made, the State of New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three; Massachusetts, eight ; Rhode Island and Providence Plantations, one ; Connecticut, five ; New York, six ; New Jersey, four ; Pennsylvania, eight ; Dela- ware, one ; Maryland, six ; Virginia, ten ; North Carolina, five ; South Carolina, five ; Georgia, three. 4. When vacancies happen in the representation 20 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of any State, the executive authority thereof shall issue writs of election to fill such vacancies. 5. The House of Eepresentatives shall choose their speaker and other officers, and shall have the sole power of impeachment. III. 1. The Senate of the United States shall be composed of two senators from each State, chosen by the legislature thereof, for six years ; and each senator shall have one vote. 2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in consequence of the first election, they shall be divi- ded, as equally as may be, into three classes. The seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated at the expiration of the second year, of the second class at the e*xpiration of the fourth year, and the third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that one third may be chosen every second year ; and if vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during the recess of the legislature of any State, the execu- tive thereof may make temporary appointments until the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then fill such vacancies. 3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine years a citizen of the United States, and who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for which he shall be chosen. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 21 4. The Vice-President of the United States shall be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote, unless they be equally divided. 5. The Senate shall choose their other officers, and also a president pro tempore in the absence of the Yice-President, or when he shall exercise the office of President of the United States. 6. TJie Senate shall have the sole power to try all impeachments. "When sitting for that purpose, they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the President of the United States is tried, the chief justice shall preside ; and no person shall be con- victed without the concurrence of two-thirds of the members present. 7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not extend further than to removal from office, and dis- qualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor, trust, or profit under the United States; but the party convicted shall, nevertheless, bte liable and subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punish- ment, according to law. IY. 1. The times, places, and manner of hold- ing elections for Senators and representatives shall be prescribed in each State by the legislature thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law, make or alter such regulations, except as to the places of choosing senators. 22 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in every year ; and such meeting shall be on the first Monday in December, unless they shall by law ap- point a different day. Y. 1. Each house shall be judge of the elec- tions, returns, and qualifications of its own members ; and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn from day to day, and may be authorized to compel the attendance of absent members, in such manner and under such penalties as each house may provide. 2. Each house may determine the rules' of its proceedings, punish its members for disorderly be- havior, and, with the concurrence of two- thirds, expel a member. 3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed- ings, and from time to time publish the same, excepting such parts as may, in their judgment, require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the mem- bers of either house on any question shall, at the desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the journal. 4. Neither house, during the session of Congress, shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for more than three days, nor to any other place than that in which the two houses shall be sitting. YI. 1. The senators and representatives shall CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 23 receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer- tained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the United States. They shall, in all cases except treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi- leged from arrest during their attendance at the session of their respective houses, and in going to or returning from the same ; and for any speech or debate in either house they shall not be questioned in any other place. 2. "No senator or representative shall, during the time for which he was elected, be appointed to any civil office under the authority of the United States which shall have been created ? or the emoluments whereof shall have been increased, during such time ; and no person holding any office under the United States shall be a member of either house during his continuance in office. VII. 1. All bills for raising revenue shall originate in the House of Representatives ; but the Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as on other bills. 2. Every bill which shall have passed the House of Representatives and the Senate shall, before k becomes a law, be presented to the President of the United States ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; but if not, he shall return it with his objections, to that house in which it shall have originated, who shall 24 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. enter the objections at large on their journal, and proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera- ation, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to the other house ; and if approved by two-thirds of that house it shall become a law. But in all such cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by yeas and nays ; and the name of the persons voting for and against the bill shall be entered on the jour- nals of each house respectively. If any bill shall not be returned by the President within ten days (Sun- days excepted) after it shall have been presented to him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he had signed it, unless Congress, by their adjournment, prevent its return ; in which case it shall not be a law. 3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the concurrence of the Senate and House of Representa- tives may be necessary (except on a question of adjournment) shall be presented to the President of the United States, and before the same shall take effect shall be approved by him, or, being disap- proved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the Senate and House of Representatives, according to the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a bill. VIII. The Congress shall have power CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 25 1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and excises ; to pay the debts and provide for the com- mon defence and general welfare of the United States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be uniform throughout the United States : 2. To borrow money on the credit of the United States : 3. To regnlate commerce with foreign nations, and among the several States, and with the Indian tribes : i. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization, and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies, throughout the United States : 5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and measures : 6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeit- ing the securities and current coin of the United States : 7. To establish post offices and post roads : 8. To promote the progress of science and useful arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and inventors the exclusive right to their respective writ- ings and discoveries : 9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme Court : 10. To define and punish piracies and felonies 26 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. committed on the high seas, and offences against the law of nations : 11. To declare war, grant letters of -marque and reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land and water : 12. To raise and support armies ; but no appro- priation of money to that use shall be for a longer term than two years : 13. To provide and maintain a navy : 14. To make rules for the government and reg- ulation of the land and naval forces : 15. To provide for calling forth the militia to execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections, and repel invasions 16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disci- plining the militia, and for governing such part of them as may be employed in the service of the United States, reserving to the States respectively the appointment of the officers, and the authority of training the militia, according to the discipline pre- scribed by Congress : 17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten miles square) as may, by cession of particular States, and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of government of the United States, and to exercise like authority over all places purchased by the consent of CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 27 the legislature of the State in which the same shall be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock yards, and other needful building : And, 18. To make all laws which shall be necessary and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing powers, and all other powers vested by this Consti- tution in the government of the United States, or in any department or officer thereof. IX. 1. The migration or importation of such persons as any of the States, now existing, shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Con- gress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight ; but a tax or duty may be imposed on such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each person. 2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of re- bellion or invasion, the public safety may require it. 3. E"o bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall be passed. 4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid, unless in proportion to the census or enumeration herein before directed to be taken. 5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles ex- ported from any States. No preference shall be given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to the ports of one State over those of another ; nor 28 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. shall vessels bound to or from one State be obliged to enter, clear, or pay duties in another. 6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury but in consequence of appropriations made by law ; and a regular statement and account of the receipts and expenditurss of all public money shall be pub- lished from time to time. 7. ISTo title of nobility shall be granted by the United States ; and no person holding any office of profit or trust under them shall, without the consent of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument, office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king, prince, or foreign State. X. 1. ISTo state shall enter into any treaty, alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of,, credit ; make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post facto law, or impairing the obligation of contracts ; or grant any title of nobility. 2. JSTo State shall, without the consent of Con- gress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for executing its inspection laws ; and the net produce of all duties and imposts laid by any State on im- ports or exports shall be for the use of the treasury of the United States ; and all such laws shall be CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 29 subject to the revision and control of the Congress. ~No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact with another State or with a foreign power, or engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such imminent danger as will not admit of delay. ARTICLE n. I. 1. The executive power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America. He shall hold his office during the term of four years, and, together with the Yice-President, chosen for the same term, be elected as follows : 2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as the legislature thereof may direct, a number of elec- tors, equal to the whole number of senators and representatives to which the State may be entitled in the Congress ; but no senator or representative, or person holding an office of trust or profit under the United States, shall be appointed an elector. 3. [Annulled. See Amendments, Art. 12.] 4. The Congress may determine the time of choosing the electors, and the day on which they shall give their votes, which day shall be the same throughout the United States. 30 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 5. "No person except a natural-born citizen, or a citizen of the United States at the time of the adop- tion of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to that office who shall not have attained the age of thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident within the United States. 6. In case of the removal of the President from office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to dis- charge the powers and duties of said office, the same shall devolve on the Yice-President ; and the Con- gress may by law provide for the case of removal, death, resignation, or inability both of the President and Yice-President, declaring what officer shall then 7 C5 act as President, and such officer shall act accord- ingly, until the disability be removed, or a President shall be elected. 7. The President shall, at stated times, receive for his services a compensation which shall neither be increased nor diminished during the period for which he shall have been elected ; and he shall not receive, within that period, any other emolument from the United States, or any of them. 8. Before he enter on the execution of his office, he shall take the following oath or affirmation : " I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will faithfully execute the office of President of the CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 31 United States, and will, to the best of my ability, preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States." II. 1. The President shall be commander-in- chief of the army and navy of the United States, and of the militia of the several States, when called into the actual service of the United States : he may require the opinion, in writing, of the principal officer in each of the executive departments upon any subject relating to the duties of their respective offices ; and he shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment. 2. He shall have power, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he shall nominate, and by and with the advice and consent of the Senate shall appoint, ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United States whose appointments are not herein otherwise provided for, and which shall be established by law. But the Congress may, by law, vest the appointment of such inferior officers as they think proper in the President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads of departments. 3. The President shall have power to fill up all 32 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. vacancies that may happen during the recess of the Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire at the end of the next session. III. He shall, from time to time, give to the Congress information of the state of the Union, and recommend to their consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or either of them, and in case of disagreement between them with respect to the time of adjournment, he may adjourn them to such time as he shall think proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public ministers ; he shall take care that the laws are faith- fully executed ; and shall commission all the officers of the United States. IY. The President, Vice-President, and all civil officers of the United States, shall be removed from office on impeachment for, and conviction of, treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde- meanors. ARTICLE in. I. The judicial power of the United States shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 33 during good behavior, and shall, at stated times, receive for their services a compensation which shall not be diminished during their continuance in office. II. 1. The judicial power shall extend to all cases in law and equity arising under this Constitu- tion, the laws of the United States, and treaties made, or which shall be made under their authority ; to all cases affecting ambassadors, and other public ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the United States shall be a party ; to controversies be- tween two or more States; between a State and citizens of another State ; between citizens of differ- ent States; between citizens of the same State, claiming lands under grants of different States, and between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign States, citizens, or subjects. 2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have orig- inal jurisdiction. In all other cases before men- tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate ? jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such ex- ceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress shall make. 3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of im- peachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be 2* 34 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. held in the State where such crimes shall have been committed ; but when not committed within any State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the Congress may by law have directed. III. 1. Treason against the United States shall consist only in levying war against them, or in adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and com- fort !N~o person shall be convicted of treason, unless on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt act, or confessions in open court. 2. The Congress shall have power to declare the punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except during the life of the person attainted. ARTICLE rv. I. Full faith and credit shall be given in each State to the public acts, records, and judicial pro- ceedings of every other State. And the Congress may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved, and the effect thereof. II. 1. The citizens of each State shall be en- titled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in the several States. 2. A person charged in any State with treason, CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 35 felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice, and be found in another State, shall, on demand of the executive authority of the State from which he fled, be delivered up to be removed to the State having jurisdiction of the crime. 3. E~o person held to service or labor in one State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due. III. 1. JSTew States may be admitted by the Congress into this Union ; but no new State shall shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of any other State; nor any State be formed by the junction of two or more States, or parts of States, without the consent of the legislature of the States concerned, as well as of the Congress. 2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of and make all needful rules and regulations respecting the territory or other property belonging to the United States; and nothing in this Constitution shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of the United States, or of any particular State. IV. The United States shall guaranty to every State of this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them against invasion, and, 36 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. on application of the legislature, or of the executive, (when the legislature cannot be convened,) against domestic violence. ABTIOLE V. The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend- ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths, of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro- posed by the Congress ; provided that no amend- ment which may be made prior to the year one thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth section of the first article ; and that no State, with- out its consent, shall He deprived of its equal suffrage in the Senate. ARTICLE VI. 1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall be as valid against 'the United States under this Constitution as under the confederation. CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 37 2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the authority of the United States, shall be the supreme law of the land ; and the judges in every State shall be bound thereby ; any thing in the Constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding. 3. The senators and representatives before men- tioned, and the members of the several State legisla- tures, and all executive and all judicial officers, both of the United States and of the several States, shall be bound by oath or affirmation to support this Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be required as a qualification to any office or public trust under the United States. ARTICLE Yn. The ratification of the conventions of nine States shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con- stitution between the States so ratifying the same. Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and of the Independence of the United States of America the twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed our names. GEORGE WASHINGTON, President, and Deputy from Virginia. 38 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. NEW HAMPSHIRE. John Langdon, Nicholas Giiman. MASSACHUSETTS. Nathaniel Gorham, Rufus King. CONNECTICUT. Wm. Samuel Johnson, Roger Sherman. NEW YORK. Alexander Hamilton. NEW JEKSEY. William Livingston, David Brearley, William Patterson, Jonathan Dayton. PENNSYLVANIA. Benjamin Franklin, Thomas Mifflin, Robert Morris, George Clymer, Thomas Fitzsimons, Jared Ingersoll, James Wilson, Gouverneur Morris. DELAWABE. George Read, Gunning Bedford, jr., John Dickinson, Richard Bassett, Jacob Broom. MARYLAND. James McHenry, Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer, Daniel Carroll. VIBGINIA. John Blair, James Madison, jr. NOBTH OAEOLINA. William Blount, Rich. Dobbs Spaight, Hugh Williamson. SOUTH OAEOLINA. John Rutledge, Charles C. Pinckney, Charles Pinckney, Pierce Butler. GEORGIA. William Few, Abraham Baldwin. Attest, WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 39 AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. ART. I. Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof ; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably to assemble and to petition the government for a redress of grievances. AKT. II. A well-regulated militia being neces- sary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed. AJBT. III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be quartered in any house without the consent of the owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be prescribed by law. ART. IY. The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon 40 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. ART. Y. No person shall be held to answer for a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the militia when in actual service, in time of war or public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal case, to be witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law ; nor shall private property be taken for public use without just compensation. ART. YI. In all criminal prosecutions, the ac- cused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public trial by an impartial jury of the State and district wherein the crime shall have been committed, which district shall have been previously ascertained by law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses against him ; to have compulsory process for obtain- ing witnesses in his favor ; and to have the assistance of counsel for his defence. ART. VII. In suits of common law, where the value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 41 right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no fact, tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in any court of the United States than according to the rules of the common law. ART. YIII. Excessive bail shall not be required, nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual punishments inflicted. ART. IX. The enumeration in the Constitution of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people. ART. X. The powers not delegated to the United States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or to the people. ART. XI. The judicial power of the United States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one of the United States by citizens of another State, or by citizens or subjects of any foreign State. ART. XII. The electors shall meet in their respective States, and vote by ballot for President and Yice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ; they shall name in their ballots the person voted for as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted for as Yice-President ; and they shall make distinct lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all 2 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. persons voted for as Yice-President, and of the number of votes for each ; which lists they shall sign and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of gov- ernment of the United States, directed to the presi- dent of the Senate. The president of the Senate shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of Representatives, open all the certificates, and the votes shall then be counted ; the person having the greatest number of votes for President shall be President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if no person have such a majority, then from the persons having the highest number, not exceeding three, on the list of those voted for as President, the House of Represen tatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the President. But, in choosing the President, the votes shall be taken by States, the representation from each State having one vote ; a quorum for this pur- pose shall consist of a member or members from two thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of Representatives shall not choose a President, when- ever the right of choice shall devolve upon them, before the fourth day of March next following, then the Yice-President shall act as President, as in the case of the death or other constitutional disability of the President. AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 43 2. The person having the greatest number ot votes as Yice-President shall be the Yice-President, if such number be a majority of the whole number of electors appointed ; and if no person have a ma- jority, then from the two highest numbers on the list the Senate shall choose the Yice-President; a quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of the whole number of senators, and a majority of the whole number shall be necessary to a choice. 3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to the office of President shall be eligible to that of Yice-President of the United States. 44 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT, AETICLE Y. of the Constitution of the United States clearly and distinctly sets forth the mode and manner in which that instrument may be amended, as follows : " The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend- ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States, shall call a convention for proposing amendments, which in either case shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro- posed by the Congress." In accordance with this article of the Constitu- tion, the following resolution was proposed in the Senate, on February 1, 1864, adopted April 8, 1864, by THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. 45 a vote of 38 to 6, and was proposed in the House Juno 15, 1864, adopted Jan. 31, 1865, by a vote of 119 to 56 : JZesolved, By the Senate and House of Represen- tatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, thai the following article be proposed to the Legislatures, of the several States, as an amendment to the consti- tution of the United States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid to all intents and purposes, as apart of the said Constitution, namely : Art. XIII. 1st. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. The amendment was now sent by the Secretary of State to the Governors of the several States for rati- fication by the Legislatures ; a majority vote in three- fourths being required to make it a law of the land. On Dec. 18, 1865, Secretary Seward officially announced to the country the ratification of the Amendment as follows : To all to wJwm these presents may come, Greeting : Know ye, That, whereas the Congress of the United States, on the 1st of February last, passed a resolution, which is in the words following, namely : 4:6 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. "A resolution submitting to the Legislatures of the several States a proposition to amend the Con stitution of the United States." " Resolved, By the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, that the following article be proposed to the Legislatures of the several States as an Amend- ment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legisla- tures, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as a part of said Constitution, namely : "' ARTICLE XIII. " c SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction. " * SECTION 2. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.' " And whereas. It appears from official documents on file in this Department, that the Amendment to the Constitution of the United States proposed as aforesaid, has been ratified by the Legislatures of the States of Illinois, Rhode Island, Michigan, Mary- land, New York, "West Virginia, Maine, Kansas, Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Mis THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. 47 souri, Nevada, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota* "Wisconsin, Yermont, Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecti- cut, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Alabama, North Carolina, and Georgia, in all 27 States. And whereas. The whole number of States in the United States is 36. And whereas. The before specially named States, whose Legislatures have ratified the said proposed Amendment, constitute three-fourths of the whole number of States in the United States : Now, therefore, be it known that I, William H. Seward, Secretary of State of the IJnited States, by virtue and in pursuance of the second section of the act of Congress, approved the 20th of April, 1818, entitled " An act to provide for the publication of the laws of the United States, and for other pur- poses," do hereby certify that the Amendment afore- said has become valid to all intents and purposes as a part of the Constitution of the United States. In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my hand and caused the seal of the Department of State to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington, this 18th day of December, in the year of our Lord 186^, and of the Independence of the United States of America the 90th. WM. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. 4:8 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PEOPOSED AMENDMENTS. ADOPTED BY CONGRESS JUNE 13TH, 1866, AND WHEN EATIFIED BY TWO-THIRDS OF THE LEGISLATURES BECOMES A PAET OF THE CONSTITUTION. THE joint resolution as passed is as follows : Resolved, By the Senate and House of Represen- tatives of the United States of America, in Congress assembled, (two-thirds of both Houses concurring), That the following article be proposed to the Legis- latures of the several States, as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which, when rati- fied by three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid as part of the Constitution, namely : ARTICLE . 1. All persons born or naturalized in the United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof, are citizens of the United States and the States wherein they reside. No State shall make or PROPOSED AMENDMENTS. l) t 49 enforce any law which shall abridge th\^vrivifeges or immunities of citizens of the United Nsft^tgs*; nor, shall any State deprive any person of life, m>erty"or happiness, without due process of law, nor deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protec- tion of the laws. 2. Representatives shall be apportioned among the several States according to their respective num- bers, counting the whole number of persons, exclud- ing Indians not taxed. But whenever the right to vote at any election for the choice of electors for President and Yice-President, representatives in Congress, executive and judicial officers, or members of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the male inhabitants of such State, being 21 years of age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way abridged, except for participation in rebellion or other crime, the basis of representation therein shall be reduced in the proportion which the number of such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of male citizens 21 years of age in such State. 3. That no person shall be a Senator or Repre- sentative in Congress, or elector of President and Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military, under the United States, or under any State, who, having previously taken an oath as a member of Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as 3 50 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. a member of any State Legislature ? or as an execu- tive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, shall have engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies there- of. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of each House, remove such disabilities. 4. The validity of the public debt of the United States authorized by law, including debts incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion, shall not be questioned. But neither the United States or any State shall assume or pay any debt or obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or any claim for the loss or emancipation of any slave ; but all such debts, obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and void. 5. The Congress shall have power to enforce, by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this article. THE ORDINANCE OF 1787. 51 THE OEDINANCE OF 1787, Passed by Congress previous to the Adoption of the New Consti- tution, and subsequently adopted by Congress, Aug. 7, 1789, entitled, "An Ordinance for the Government of the Terri- tory of the United States north-west of the River Ohio" (All the Articles of this ordinance, previous to Article VI. , relate to the organization and powers of the government of the territory, the following section being all that relates to slavery.) ARTICLE VI. There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted : Provided always, that any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service, as aforesaid. Done by the United States in Congress assembled the thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord 1787, and of the sovereignty and Independence the twelfth. WILLIAM GBAYSON, Chairman. CHABLES THOMPSON, Secretary. 52 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1793. ADOPTED FEBEFAEY 12, 1V93. An Act respecting Fugitives from Justice, and Persons escaping from the Service of their Masters. Be it enacted ~by the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives of the United States of America in Con- gress assembled, That whenever the executive authority of any State in the Union, or of either of the territories north-west or south of the River Ohio, shall demand any person, as a fugitive from justice, of the executive authority of any such State or Terri- tory to which such person shall have fled, and shall, moreover, produce the copy of an indictment found, or an affidavit made before a magistrate of any State or Territory as aforesaid, charging the person so demanded with having committed treason, felony, or other crime, certified as authentic by the governor or THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1793. 53 chief magistrate of the State or Territory from -whence the person so charged fled, it shall be the duty of the executive authority of the State or Terri- tory to which such person shall have fled, to cause him or her -to be arrested and secured, and notice of the arrest to be given to the executive authority making such demand, or to the agent of such authority appointed to receive the fugitive, and to cause the fugitive to be delivered to such agent when he shall appear. But if no such agent shall appear within six months from the time of the arrest, the prisoner may be discharged. And all costs or expenses incurred in the apprehending, securing, and transmitting such fugitive to the State or Territory making such demand, shall be paid by such State or Territory. And ~be it further enacted, That any agent appointed as aforesaid, who shall receive the fugitive into his custody, shall be empowered to transport him or her to the State or Territory from which he or she shall have fled. And if any person or persons shall by force set at liberty or rescue the fugitive from such agent while transporting as aforesaid, the person or persons so offending shall, on conviction, be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, and be imprisoned not exceeding one year. And ~be it also enacted. That when a person held 54 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. to labor in any of the United States, or in either of the Territories on the north-west or south of the River Ohio, under the laws thereof, shall escape into any other of the said States or Territory, the person to whom such labor or service may be due, his agent or attorney, is hereby empowered to seize or arrest such fugitive from labor, and to take him or her before any judge of the Circuit or District Courts of the United States, residing or being within the State, or before any magistrate of a county, city, or town corporate, wherein such seizure or arrest shall be made, and upon proof to the satisfaction of such judge or magistrate, either by oral testimony or affi- davit taken before, and certified by, a magistrate of any such State or Territory, that the person so seized or arrested doth, under the laws of the State or Territory from which he or she fled, owe services or labor to the person claiming him or her, it shall be the duty of such judge or magistrate to give a certificate thereof to such claimant, his agent or attorney, which shall be sufficient warrant for remov- ing the said fugitive from labor to the State or Territory from which he or she fled. And be it further enacted. That any person who shall knowingly and willingly obstruct or hinder such claimant, his agent or attorney, in so seizing or arresting such fugitive from labor, or shall rescue THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 55 such fugitive from such claimant, his agent or attor- ney, when so arrested pursuant to the authority herein given or declared, or shall harbor or conceal such person after notice that he or she was a fugitive from labor as aforesaid, shall, for either of the said offences, forfeit and pay the sum of five hundred dollars. "Which penalty may be recovered by and for the benefit of such claimant, by action of debt, in any court proper to try the same ; saving, moreover, to the person claiming such labor or service, his right of action for or on account of the said injuries, or either of them. THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850, SIGNED SEPTEMBEE 18, 1850. An Act to amend, and supplementary to the Act entitled "An Act respecting Fugitives from Justice, and Persons escaping from the Service of their Masters" approved February twelfth, one thousand seven hundred and ninety-three. Be it enacted ~by the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled. That the persons who have been, or may hereafter be, appointed commissioners, in 56 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. virtue of any act of Congress, by the Circuit Courts .of the United States, and who, in consequence of such appointment, are authorized to exercise the powers that any justice of the peace, or other magistrate of any of the United States, may exercise in respect to offenders for any crime or offence against the United States, by arresting, imprisoning, or bailing the same under and by virtue of the thirty-third section of the act of the twenty-fourth of September, seven- teen hundred and eighty-nine, entitled " An Act to establish the judicial courts of the United States," shall be, and are hereby, authorized and required to exercise and discharge all the powers and duties conferred by this act. And be it further enacted. That the Superior Court of each organized Territory of the United States shall have the same power to appoint commis- sioners to take acknowledgments of bail and affi- davits, and to take depositions of witnesses in civil causes, which is now possessed by the Circuit Court of the United States ; and all commissioners who shall hereafter be appointed for such purposes by the Supreme Court of any organized Territory of the United States, shall possess all the powers, and exer- cise all the duties, conferred by law upon the commissioners appointed by the Circuit Courts of the United States for similar purposes, and shall THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 57 moreover exercise and discharge all the powers and duties conferred by this act. And ~be it further enacted, That the Circuit Courts of the United States, and the Superior Courts of each organized Territory of the United States, shall from time to time enlarge the number of com- missioners, with a view to afford reasonable facilities to reclaim fugitives from labor, and to the prompt discharge of the duties imposed by this act. And ~be it further enacted, That the commis- sioners above named shall have concurrent jurisdic- tion with the judges of the Circuit and District Courts of the United States, in their respective circuits and districts within the several States, and the judges of the Superior Courts of the Territories severally and collectively, in term time and vaca- tion ; and shall grant certificates to such claimants upon satisfactory proof being made, with authority to take and remove such fugitives from service or labor, under the restrictions herein contained, to the State or Territory from which such persons may have escaped or fled. And ~be It further enacted, That it shall be the duty of all marshals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all warrants and precepts issued under the provisions of this act, when to them directed ; and should any marshal or deputy marshal refuse to 3* 58 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. receive such warrant, or other process, when tend- ered, or to use all proper means diligently to execute the same, he shall, on conviction thereof, be fined in the sum of one thousand dollars, to the use of such claimant, on the motion of such claimant, by the Circuit or District Court for the district of such marshal ; and after arrest of such fugitive, by such marshal or his deputy, or whilst at any time in his custody, under the provisions of this act, should such fugitive escape, whether with or without the as- sent of such marshal or his deputy, such marshal shall be liable, on his official bond, to be prosecuted for the benefit of such claimant, for the full value of the service or labor of said fugitive in the State, Terri- tory, or district whence he escaped ; and the better to enable said commissioners, when thus appointed, to execute their duties faithfully and efficiently, in conformity with the requirements of the constitution of the United States, and of this act, they are hereby authorized and empowered, within their counties respectively, to appoint, in writing under their hands, any one or more suitable persons, from time to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro cess as may be issued by them in the lawful performance of their respective duties ; with authority to such commissioners, or the persons to be appointed by them, to execute process as aforesaid, THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 59 to summon and call to their aid the bystanders, or posse comitatus of the proper county, when necessary to insure a faithful observance of the clause of the constitution referred to, in conformity with the pro visions of this act ; and all good citizens are hereby commanded to aid and assist in the prompt and effi- cient execution of this law, whenever their services may be required, as aforesaid, for that purpose ; and said warrants shall run, and be executed by said officers, any where in the State within which they are issued. And l)e it further enacted, That when a person held to service or labor in any State or Territory of the United States has heretofore or shall hereafter escape into another State or Territory of the United States, the person or persons to whom such service or labor may be due, or his, her, or their agent or attorney, duly authorized by power of attorney, in writing acknowledged and certified under the seal of some legal officer or court of the State or Territory in which the same may be executed, may pursue and reclaim such fugitive person, either by procuring a warrant from some one of the courts, judges, or com- missioners aforesaid, of the proper circuit, district, or county, for the apprehension of such fugitive from service or labor, or by seizing and arresting such fugitive where the same can be done without pro- 60 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. cess, and by taking, or causing such, person to be taken forthwith before such court, judge, or commis- sioner, whose duty it shall be to hear and determine the case of such claimant in a summary manner ; and upon satisfactory proof being made, by deposi- tion or affidavit, in writing, to be taken and certified by such court, judge, or commissioner, or by other satisfactory testimony, duly taken and certified by some court, magistrate, justice of the peace, or other legal officer authorized to administer an oath and take depositions under the laws of the State or Terri- tory from which such person owing service or labor may have escaped, with a certificate of such magis- tracy, or other authority as aforesaid, with the seal of the proper court or officer thereto attached, which seal shall be sufficient to establish the competency of the proof, also by affidavit, of the identity of the per- son whose service or labor is claimed to be due as aforesaid, that the person so arrested does in fact owe service or labor to the person or persons claim- ing him or her, in the State or Territory from which such fugitive may have escaped as aforesaid, and that said person escaped, to make out and deliver to such claimant, his or her agent or attorney, a certifi- cate setting forth the substantial facts as to the service or labor due from such fugitive to the claim- ant, and of his or her escape from the State or THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 61 Territory in which such service or labor was due to the State or Territory in which he or she was arrested, with authority to such claimant, or his or her agent or attorney, to use such reasonable force and restraint as may be necessary, under the circum- stances of the case, to take and remove such fugitive person back to the State or Territory whence he or she may have escaped as aforesaid. In no trial or hearing under this act shall the testimony of such alleged fugitive be admitted in evidence ; and the certificates in this and the first (fourth) section men- tioned, shall be conclusive of the right of the person or persons in whose favor granted, to remove such fugitive to the State or Territory from which he escaped, and shall prevent all molestation of such person or persons by any process issued by any court, judge, magistrate, or other person whomsoever. And le it further enacted, That any person who shall knowingly and willingly obstruct, hinder, or prevent such claimant, his agent or attorney, or any person or persons lawfully assisting him, her, or them, from arresting such a fugitive from service or labor, either with or without process as aforesaid, or shall rescue or attempt to rescue such fugitive from service or labor from the custody of such claimant, his or her agent or attorney, or other person or persons lawfully assisting as aforesaid, when 62 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. so arrested pursuant to the authority hereiii given and declared, or shall aid, abet, or assist such person so owing service or labor as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to escape from such claimant, his agent or attorney, or other person or persons legally author- ized as aforesaid, or shall harbor or conceal such fugitive, so as to prevent the discovery and arrest of such person, after notice or knowledge of the fact that such person was a fugitive from service or labor as aforesaid, shall, for either of said offences, be subject to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six months, by indictment and conviction before the District Court of the United States for the district in which such offence may have been committed, or before the proper court of criminal jurisdiction, if committed within any one of the organized Territories of the United States, and shall moreover forfeit and pay, byway of civil damages to the party injured by such illegal conduct, the sum of one thousand dollars for each fugitive so lost as aforesaid, to be recovered by action of debt in a*iy of the district or territorial courts aforesaid, within whose jurisdiction the said offence may have been committed. And ~be it further enacted, That the marshals, their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 63 like fees as may be allowed to them for similar services in other cases ; and where such services are rendered exclusively in the arrest, custody, and delivery of the fugitive to the claimant, his or her agent or attorney, or where such supposed fugitive may be discharged out of custody for the want of sufficient proof as aforesaid, then such fees are to be paid in the whole by such claimant, his agent or attorney ; and in all cases where the proceedings are before a commissioner, he shall be entitled to a fee of ten dollars in full for his services in each case, upon the delivery of the said certificate to the claim- ant, his or her agent or attorney ; or a fee of five dollars in cases where the proof shall not, in the opinion of such commissioner, warrant such certifi- cate and delivery, inclusive of all services incident to such arrest or examination, to be paid in either case by the claimant, his or her agent or attorney. The person or persons authorized to execute the process to be issued by such commissioner for the arrest and detention of fugitives from service or labor as afore- said, shall also be entitled to a fee of five dollars ea.ch, for each person he or they may arrest and take "before any such commissioner, as aforesaid, at the instance and request of such claimant, with such other fees as may be deemed reasonable by such commissioners for such other additional services as 64 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. may be necessarily performed by him or them ; such as attending at the examination, keeping the fugi- tive in custody, and providing him with food and lodging during his detention and until the final determination of such commissioner; and, in general, for performing such other duties as may be required by such claimant, his or her attorney or agent, or commissioner in the premises. Such fees to be made up in conformity with the fees usually charged by the officers of the courts of juctice within the proper district or county, as near as may be practica- ble, and paid by such claimants, their agents or attorneys, whether such supposed fugitives from service or labor be ordered to be delivered to such claimants by the final determination of such commis sioner or not. And ~be it further enacted, That, upon affidavit made by the claimant of such fugitive, his agent 01 attorney, after such certificate has been issued that he has reason to apprehend that such fugitive will be rescued by force from his or her possession before he can be taken beyond the limits of the State in which the arrest is made, it shall be the duty of the officer making the arrest to retain such fugitive in his cus- tody, and to remove him to the State whence he fled, and there deliver him to said claimant, his agent or attorney. And to this end, the officer THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 65 aforesaid is hereby authorized and required to employ so many persons as he may deem necessary to overcome such force, and to retain them in his service so long as circumstances may require. The said officer and his assistants while so employed to receive the com- pensation, and to be allowed the same expenses, as are now allowed by law for transportation of crimi- nals, to be certified by the judge of the district within which the arrest is made, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States. And l)e it further enacted^ That when any per- son held to service or labor in any State or Terri- tory, or in the District of Columbia, shall escape therefrom, the party to whom such service or labor may be due, his, her, or their agent or attorney, may apply to any court of record therein, or judge thereof in vacation, and make satisfactory proof to such court, or judge in vacation, of the escape afore- said, and that the person- escaping owed service or labor to such party. "Whereupon the court shall cause a record to be made of the matters so proved, and also a general description of the person so escap- ing with .such convenient certainty as may be ; and a transcript of such record, authenticated by the attestation of the clerk and of the seal of the said court, being produced in any other State, Territory, or district in which the person so escaping may be 66 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. found, and being exhibited to any judge, commis- sioner, or other officer authorized by the law of the United States to cause persons escaping from service or labor to be delivered up, shall be held and taken to be full and conclusive evidence of the fact of the escape, and that the service or labor of the person escaping is due to the party in such record men- tioned. And upon the production by the said party of other and further evidence if necessary, either oral or by affidavit, in addition to what is contained in the said record of the identity of the person escap- ing, he or she shall be delivered up to the claimant. And the said court, commissioner, judge, or other person authorized by this act to grant certificates to claimants of fugitives, shall, upon the production of the record and other evidences aforesaid, grant to such claimant a certificate of his right to take any such person identified and proved to be owing service or labor as aforesaid, which shall authorize such claimant to seize or arrest and transport such person to the State or Territory from which he escaped. Provided, That nothing herein ^contained shall be construed as requiring the production of a transcript of such record as evidence as aforesaid. But in its absence the claim shall be heard and determined upon other satisfactory proofs, competent in law. THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE. 67" THE MISSOURI COMPEOMISE. ADOPTED MAEOH 6, 1820. An Act to authorize the People of the Missouri Territory to form a Constitution and State Gov- ernment, and for the Admission of such State into the Union on an equal Footing with the original States, and to prohibit Slavery in certain Terri- tories. (All the previous sections of this act relate entirely to the formation of the Missouri Territory in the usual form of territo- rial bills, the 8th section only relating to the slavery question.) And "be it further enacted, That in all that Territory ceded by France to the United States, under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude, not included within the limits of the State contem- plated by their act, slavery and involuntary servi- tude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes, whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted, 68 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited. Pro- vided always, That any person escaping into the same, from whom labor or service is lawfully claimed, in any State or Territory of the United States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or service as aforesaid. BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTION. 09 BATTLES OF THE EEVOLTJTION. THE following statistics show the losses of life in the various battles of the American Revolution, also the dates of the several battles : British American Loss. Loss. Lexington, April 15, 1775 273 84 Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775 1054 456 Flatbush, August 12, 1776 400 200 White Plains, August 26, 1776 400 400 Trenton, December 25, 1776 1000 9 Princeton, January 5, 1777 400 100 Hubbardstown, August 17, 1777 800 800 Bennington, August 16, 1777 800 100 Brandywine, September 11, 1777 500 1100 Stillwater, September 17, 1777 600 350 Germantown, October 5, 1777 600 1250 Saratoga, October 17, 1777* 5752 Red Hook, October 22, 1777 500 32 Monmouth, June 25, 1778 400 130 Rhode Island, August 27, 1778 260 214 Briar Creek, March 30, 1779 13 400 Stony Point, July 15, 1779 600 100 Camden, August 16, 1779 375 610 King's Mountain, October 1, 1780 950 66 Cowpens, January 17, 1781 800 72 Guilford C. H., March 15, 1781 532 400 Hobldrk's Hill, April 25, 1781 400 460 Eutaw Springs, September, 1781 1000 550 Yorktown, October, 1781* 7072 Total 25,481 7913 * Surrendered. 70 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. INAUGUEAL ADDEESS OF GEOEGE WASHINGTON, FIEST PBESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, DELIVEEED APBIL 30, 1789. FELLOW-CITIZENS OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Among the vicissitudes incident to life, no event could have filled me with greater anxieties than that of which the notification was transmitted by your order, and received on the four- teenth day of the present month. On the one hand I was summoned by my country, whose voice I can never hear but with veneration and love, from a retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predi- lection, and in my flattering hopes with an immuta- ble decision as the asylum of my declining years ; a retreat which was rendered every day more necessary as well as more dear to me, by the addition of habit to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my health to the gradual waste committed on it by time. INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 71 On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of the trust to which the voice of my country called me being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with de- spondence one who, inheriting inferior endowments from nature, and unpracticed in the duties of civil administration, ought to be peculiarly conscious of his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions, all I dare aver is, that it has been my faithful study to collect my duty from a just appreciation of every circumstance by which it might be affected. All I dare hope is, that if, in executing this task, I have been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance of former instances, or by any affectionate sensibility to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted my incapacity as well as disinclination, for the weighty and untried cares before me, my error will be palliated by the motives which misled me, and its consequences be judged by my country with some share of the partiality with which they originated. Such being the impressions under which I have, in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the present station, it would be peculiarly improper to omit in this first official act, my fervent supplica- tions to that Almighty Being who rules over the 72 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and whose providential aids can supply every human defect that his benediction may consecrate to the liberties and happiness of the people of the United States, a government instituted by themselves for these essential purposes, and may enable every in- strument employed in its administration to execute with success the functions allotted to his charge. In tendering this homage to the great author of every public and private good, I assure myself that it ex- presses your sentiments, not less than my own, nor those of my fellow-citizens at large less than either. ~No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore the invisible hand which conducts the affairs of men more than the people of the United States. Every step by which they have advanced to the character of an independent nation seems to have been distin- guished by some token of providential agency, and in the important revolution just accomplished in the system of their united government the tranquil de- liberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct communities from which the event has resulted can- not be compared with the means by which most gov- ernments have been established without some return of pious gratitude along with a humble anticipation of the future blessings which the past seem to presage. These reflections arising out of the present crisis INAUGUEAL ADDKESS OF GEOKGE WASHINGTON. 73 have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in thinking that there are none under the influence of which the proceedings of a new and free government can more auspiciously commence. By the article establishing the executive depart- ment it is made the duty of the President " to re- commend to your consideration such measures as he shall judge necessary and expedient." The circum- stances under which I now meet you will acquit me from entering into that subject farther than to refer to the great constitutional charter under which you are assembled, and which in defining your powers designates the objects to which your attention is to be given. It will be more consistent with those cir- cumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings which actuate me to substitute in place of a recom- mendation of particular measures, the tribute that is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriot- ism which adorn the characters selected to devise and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications, I behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local prejudices or attachments, no separate views, no party animosities will misdirect the comprehensive and equal eye which ought to watch over this great assemblage of communities and interests, so on another, that the foundations of our national policy 4 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of private morality, and the pre-eminence of free gov- ernment be exemplified by all the attributes which can win the affections of its citizens and command the respect of the world. I dwell on this prospect with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my country can inspire, since there is no truth more thor- oughly established than that there exists in the econ- omy and course of nature, an indissoluble union be- tween virtue and happiness, between duty and advantage, between the genuine maxims of an honest and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of the public prosperity and felicity. Since we ought to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of heaven can never be expected on a nation that dis- regards the eternal rules of order and right which heaven itself has ordained, and since the preserva- tion of the sacred fire of Liberty, and the destiny of the republican model of government are justly con- sidered as deeply, perhaps as finally staked on the experiment entrusted to the hands of the American people. Besides the ordinary objects submitted to your care, it will remain with your judgment to decide how far an exercise of the occasional power delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is ren- dered expedient at the present juncture by the nature of the objections which have been urged against INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 75 the system, or by the degree of inquietude which has given birth to them. Instead of undertaking partic- ular recommendations on this subject in which 1 could be guided by no lights derived from official opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire confidence in your discernment aud pursuit of the public good, for I assure myself that while you care- fully avoid every alteration which might endanger the benefits of an united and effective government, or which ought to await the future lessons of experi- ence, a reverence for the characteristic rights of freemen, and a regard for the public harmony will sufficiently influence your deliberations on the ques- tion, how far the former can be more impregnably fortified, or the latter be safely and advantageously promoted. To the preceding observations I have one to add, which will be most properly addressed to the House of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will, therefore, be as brief as possible. When I was first honored with a call into the service of my country, then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liber- ties, the light in which I comtemplated my duty required that I should renounce every pecuniary compensation. From this resolution I have in no instance departed, and being still under the impres- sions which produced it, I must decline as inapplica- 76 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. ble to myself any share in the personal emoluments which may be indispensably included in a perma- nent provision for the executive department, and must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates for the station in which I am placed, may, during my continuance in it, be limited to such actual ex- penditures as the public good may be thought to require. Having thus imparted to you my sentiments, as as they have been awakened by the occasion which brings us together, I shall take my present leave, but not without resorting once more to the benign parent of the human race in humble supplication, that since he has been pleased to favor the American people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with un- paralleled unanimity on a form of government for the security of their union and the advancement of their happiness, so His divine blessing may be equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the tem- perate consultations, and the wise measures on which the success of this government must depend. WASHINGTON^ FAREWELL ADDRESS. 77 WASHINGTON'S FAEEWELL ADDBESS. FRIENDS AND FELLOW-CITIZENS The period for a new election of a citizen to administer the executive government of the United States not being far dis- tant, and the time actually arrived when your thoughts must be employed in designating the person who is to be clothed with that important trust, it appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that I should now apprise you of the resolution I have formed, to decline being considered among the num- ber of those out of whom a choice is to be made. I beg you, at the same time, to do me the justice to be assured that this resolution has not been taken without a strict regard to all the considerations ap- pertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citi- zen to his country; and that, in withdrawing the tender of service which silence, in my situation, 78 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. might imply, I am influenced by no diminution of zeal for your future interest, no deficiency of grateful respect for your past kindness, but am supported by a full conviction that the step is compatible with both. The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in, the office to which your suffrages have twice called me, have been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the opinion of duty, and to a deference for what appeared to be your desire. I constantly hoped that it would have been much earlier in my power, consistently with motives which I was not at liberty to disregard, to return to that retirement from which I had been reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclination to do this, previous to the last election, had been led to the preparation of an address to declare it to you ; but mature reflection on the then perplexed and critical posture of our affairs with foreign nations, and the unanimous advice of persons entitled to my confidence, impelled me to abandon the idea. I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external as well as internal, no longer renders the pursuit of inclination incompatible with the sentiment of duty or propriety ; and am persuaded, whatever partiality may be retained for my services, that, in the present circumstances of our country, you will not disapprove my determination to retire. 79 The impressions with which I first undertook the arduous trust were explained on the proper occasion. In the discharge of this trust, I will only say, that I have with good intentions contributed toward the organization and administration of the government the best exertions of which a very fallible judgment was capable. Not unconscious in the outset of the inferiority of my qualifications, experience, in my own eyes perhaps still more in the eyes of others has strengthened the motives to diffidence of myself; and every day the increasing weight of years admon- ishes me, more and more, that the shade of retire- ment is as necessary to me as it will be welcome. Satisfied that, if any circumstances have given pecu- liar value to my services, they were temporary, I have the consolation to believe that, while choice and pru- dence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism does not forbid it. In looking forward to the moment which is in- tended to terminate the career of my public life, my feelings do not permit me to suspend the deep ac- knowledgment of that debt of gratitude which I owe to my beloved country for the many honors it has conferred upon me ; still more for the steadfast confi- dence with which it has supported me, and for the opportunities I have thence enjoyed of manifesting my inviolable attachment, by services faithful and 80 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. persevering, though in usefulness unequal to ray zeal. If benefits have resulted to our country from these services, let it always be remembered to your praise, and as an instructive example in our annals, that, under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in every direction, were liable to mislead ; amid appear- ances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often discouraging; in situations in which, not unfre- quently, want of success has countenanced the spirit of criticism the constancy of your support was the essential prop of the efforts, and a guarantee of the plans by which they were effected. Profoundly pen- etrated with 1^is idea, I shall carry it with me to my grave, as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that Heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of its beneficence ; that your union and brotherly affec- tion may be perpetual; that the free constitution, which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly maintained; that its administration, in every depart- ment, may be stamped with wisdom and virtue; that, in fine, the happiness of the people of these States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made .complete, by so careful a preservation and so prudent a use of this blessing as will acquire to them the glor} T of recommending it to the applause, the affec- tion, and the adoption of every nation which is yet a stranger to it. WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDBESS. 81 Here, perhaps, I ought to stop ; but a solicitude for your welfare, which can not end but with my life, and the apprehension of danger natural to that solicitude, urge me, on an occasion like the present to offer to your solemn contemplation, and to recommend to your frequent review, some sentiments, which are the result of much reflection, of no incon- siderable observation, and which appear to me all- important to the permanency of your felicity as a people. These will be afforded to you with the more freedom, as yon can only see them in the disin- terested warnings of a parting friend, who can possi- bly have no personal motive to bias his counsel ; nor can I forget, as an encouragement to it, your indul- gent reception of my sentiments on a former and not dissimilar occasion. Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every ligament of your hearts, no recommendation of mine is necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment. The unity of government, which constitutes you one people, is also now dear to you. It is justly so ; for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real inde- pendence, the support of your tranquillity at home, your peace abroad, of your safety, of your prosperity, of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But as it is easy to forsce that from different causes and from different quarters much pains will be taken, 82 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. many artifices employed, to weaken in your in in da the conviction of this truth as this is the point in your political fortress against which the batteries of internal and external enemies will be most constantly and actively (though often covertly and insidiously) directed it is of infinite moment that you should properly estimate the immense value of your national union to your collective and individual happiness ; that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and im- movable attachment to it, accustoming yourselves to think and speak of it as of the palladium of your political safety and prosperity; watching for its preservation with jealous anxiety ; discountenancing whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can, in any event, be abandoned ; and indignantly frown- ing upon the first dawning of every attempt to alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together the various parts. For this you have every inducement of sympathy and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice of a com- mon country, that country has a right to concentrate your affections. The name of American, which be- longs to you in your national capacity, must alwnyal exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any appellation derived from local discriminations. With slight shades of difference, you have the same 83 religion, manners, habits, and political principles. You have, in a common cause, fought and tri- umphed together ; the independence and liberty you possess are the work of joint counsels and joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings, and successes. But these considerations, however powerfully they address themselves to your sensibility, are greatly outweighed by those which apply more immediately to your interest ; here every portion of our country finds the most commanding motives for carefully guarding and preserving the union of the whole. The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with the South, protected by the equal laws of a common government, finds, in the productions of the latter, great additional resources of maritime and commer- cial enterprise, and precious materials of manufactur- ing industry. The South, in the same intercourse, benefiting by the agency of the North, sees its agriculture grow and its commerce expand. Turning partly into its own channels the seamen of the North, it finds its particular navigation invigorated ; and while it contributes, in different ways, to nourish and increase the general mass of the national naviga- tion, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime strength to which itself is unequally adapted. The 84 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. East, in like intercourse with the West, already finds, and, in the progressive improvement of inte- rior communication, by land and water, will more and more find, a valuable vent for the commodities which it brings from abroad or manufactures at home. The West derives from the East supplies requisite for its growth and comfort, and, what is perhaps of still greater consequence, it must, of necessity, owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable outlets for its own productions to the weight, influ- ence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble com- munity of interest as one nation. Any other tenure by which the West can hold this - essential advan- tage, whether derived from its own separate strength or from an apostate and unnatural connection with any foreign power, must be intrinsically precarious. While, then, every part of our country thus feels an immediate and particular interest in union, all the parts combined can not fail to find, in the united mass of means and efforts, greater strength, greater resource, proportionably greater security from exter- nal danger, a less frequent interruption of their peace by foreign nations, and, what is of inestimable value, they must derive from union an exemption from those broils and wars between themselves, which so frequently afflict neighboring countries, not WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS. 85 tied together by the same government, which thoir own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce, but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments, and intrigues would stimulate and embitter. Hence, likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those over- grown military establishments, which, under any form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to republican liberty ; in this sense it is that your union ought to be considered as the main prop of your lib- erty, and that the love of the one ought to endear to you the preservation of the other. These considerations speak a persuasive language to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit a continuance of the Union as a primary object of patriotic desire. Is there a doubt whether a common government can embrace so large a sphere? Let experience solve it. To listen to mere speculation, in such a case, were criminal. We are authorized to hope that a proper organization of the whole, with the auxiliary agency of governments for the respec- tive subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to the experiment. It is well worth a full and fair experi- ment. "With such powerful and obvious motives to union, affecting all parts of our country, while expe- rience shall not have demonstrated its impractica- bility, there will always be reason to distrust the 86 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. patriotism of those who, in any quarter, may endeavor to weaken its bands. In contemplating the causes which may disturb our Union, it cccurs, as a matter of serious concern, that any ground should have been furnished for char- acterizing parties by geographical discriminations Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western whence designing men may endeavor to excite a belief that there is real difference of local interests and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire influence within particular districts is to misrepresent the opinions and aims of other districts. You can not shield yourselves too much against the jealousies and heart-burnings which spring from these misrep- resentations ; they tend to render alien to each other those who ought to be bound together by fraternal affection. The inhabitants of our Western country have lately had a useful lesson on this head ; they have seen in the negotiation by the Executive, and in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction at that event throughout the United States, a decisive proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated among them, of a policy in the general government, and in the Atlantic States, unfriendly to their inter- ests in regard to the Mississippi ; they have been wit- nesses to the formation of two treaties that with 87 Great Britain and that with Spain which secure to them everything they could desire in respect to our foreign relations, toward confirming their prosperity. Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the preserva- tion of these advantages on the Union by which they were procured ? Will they not henceforth be deaf to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever them from their brethren and connect them with aliens ? To the efficacy and permanency of your Union, a government for the whole is indispensable. 'No alli- ance, however strict, between the parts, can be an adequate substitute ; they must inevitably experience the infractions and interruptions which all alliances, in all time, have experienced. Sensible of this mo- mentous truth, you have improved upon your first essay, by the adoption of a constitution of govern- ment better calculated than your former for an inti- mate Union, and for the efficacious management of your common concerns. This government, the off- spring of your own choice, uninfluenced and unawed, adopted upon full investigation and mature delibera- tion, completely free in its principles, in the distribu tion of its powers, uniting security with energy, and containing within itself a provision for its own amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and your support. Respect for its authority, compliance 88 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are duties enjoined by the fundamental maxims of liberty. The basis of our political systems is the right of the people to make and to alter their constitutions of govern- ment ; but the constitution which at any time exists, till changed by an explicit and and authentic act of the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all. The very idea of the power and the right of the peo- ple to establish government presupposes the duty of every individual to obey the established govern- ment. All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all combinations and associations, under whatever plausi- ble character, with the real design to direct, control, counteract, or awe the regular deliberation and action of the constituted authorities, are destructive to this fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and extraordinary force, to put in the place of the dele- gated will of the nation the will of a party often a small but artful and enterprising minority of the community and, according to the alternate triumphs of different parties, to make the public administration the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous projects of faction rather than the organ of consistent and wholesome plans, digested by common counsels, and modified by mutual interests. 89 However combinations or associations of the above description may now and then answer popular ends, they are likely, in the course of time and things, to become potent engines, by which cunning, ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to subvert the power of the people, and to usurp for themselves the reins of government; destroying, afterward, the very engine which had lifted them to unjust dominion. Toward the preservation of your government, and the permanency of your present happy state, it is requisite, not only that you steadily discountenance irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority, but also that you resist with care the spirit of inno- vation upon its principles, however specious the pre- texts. One method of assault may be to effect, in the forms of the constitution, alterations which will impair the energy of the system, and thus to under- mine what cannot be directly overthrown. In all the changes to which you may be invited, remember that time and habit are at least as necessary to fix the true character of governments as of other human institutions; that experience is the surest standard by which to test the real tendency of the existing constitution of a country ; that facility in changes, upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion, ex- poses to perpetual change, from the endless variety 90 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of hypothesis and opinion ; and remember, especially, that for the efficient management of your common interests, in a country so extensive as ours, a govern- ment of as much vigor as is consistent with the per- fect security of liberty is indispensable. Liberty itself will find in such a government, with powers properly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian. It is, indeed, little else than a name, where the gov- ernment is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of faction, to confine each member of the society within the limits prescribed by the laws, and to maintain all in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of person and property. I have already intimated to you the danger of parties in the state, with particular reference to the founding of them on geographical discriminations. Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and warn you, in the most solemn manner, against the baneful effects of the spirit of party generally. This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our nature, having its root in the strongest passions of the human mind. It exists, under different shapes, in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or repressed ; but in those ot the popular form it is seen in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy. The alternate domination of one faction over an- other, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDBESS. 91 party dissension, which, in different ages and coun- tries, has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is itself a frightful despotism. But this leads, at length, to a more formal and permanent despotism. The disorders and miseries which result gradually incline the minds of men to seek security and repose in the absolute power of an individual ; and, sooner or later, the chief of some prevailing faction, more able or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this disposition to the purposes of his own elevation on the ruins of public liberty. Without looking forward to an extremity of this kind (which, nevertheless, ought not to be entirely out of sight), the common and continued mischiefs of the spirit of party are sufficient to make it the inter- est and duty of a wise people to discourage and restrain it. It serves always to distract the public councils and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates the community with ill-founded jealousies arid false alarms ; kindles the animosity of one part against an- other; foments, occasionally, riot and insurrection. It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption, which find a facilitated access to the government itself through the channels of party passions. Thus the policy and the will of one country are subjected to the policy and will of another. 92 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. There is an opinion that parties, in free countries, are useful checks upon the administration of the gov- ernment, and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty. This, within certain limits, is probably true ; and in .governments of a monarchial cast, patriotism may look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the spirit of party. But in those of the popular charac- ter, in governments purely elective, it is a spirit not to be encouraged. From their natural tendency, it is certain there will always be enough of that spirit for every salutatory purpose. And there being con- stant danger of excess, the effort ought to be by force of public opinion to mitigate and assuage it. A fire not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of warming, it should consume. It is important, likewise, that the habits of think- ing, in a free country, should inspire caution in those intrusted with its administration, to confine them- selves within their respective constitutional spheres, avoiding, in the exercise of the powers of one depart- ment, to encroach upon another. The spirit of encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all the departments into one, and thus to create, what- ever the form of government, a real despotism. A just estimate of that love of power and proneness to abuse it which predominate in the human heart is WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDBESS. 93 sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of this position. The necessity of reciprocal checks in the exercise of political power, by dividing and distributing it into different depositories, and constituting each the guardian of the public weal, against invasion ,by the others, has been evinced by experiments, ancient and modern some of them in our own country and under our own eyes. To preserve them must be as necessary as to institute them. If, in the opinion of the people, the distribution or modification of the constitutional powers be, in any particular, wrong, let it be corrected by an amendment in the way which the constitution designates. But let there be no change by usurpation ; for though this, in one instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the customary weapon by which free governments are destroyed. The precedent must always greatly overbalance, in permanent evil, any partial or transient benefit which the use can, at any time, yield. Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to political prosperity, religion and morality are indis- pensable supports. In vain would that man claim the tribute of patriotism who should labor to subvert these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest props of the duties of men and citizens. The mere politician, equally with the pious man, ought to 94 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. respect and to cherish them. A volume could not trace all their connections with private and public felicity. Let it simply be asked, Where is the security for property, for reputation, for life, if the sense of religious obligation desert the oaths which are the instruments of investigation in courts of justice ? And let us with caution indulge the sup- position that morality can be maintained without religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influ- ence of refined education on minds of peculiar structure, reason and experience both forbid us to expect that national morality can prevail in exclu- sion of religious principles. It is substantially true, that virtue or morality is a necessary spring of popular government. The rule, indeed, extends with more or less force to every species of free government. Who that is a sincere friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts to shake the foundation of the fabric ? Promote, then, as an object of primary impor- tance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowl- edge. In proportion as a structure of a government gives force to public opinion, it is essential that public opinion should be enlightened. As a very important source of strength and security, cherish public credit. One method of pre- serving it is to use it as sparingly as possible; WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDEESS. 95 avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace, but remembering, also, that timely disbursements to prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater disbursements to repel it ; avoiding, likewise, the accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars may have occasioned ; not ungenerously throwing upon posterity the burden which we ourselves ought to bear. The execution of these maxims belongs to your representatives, but it is necessary that public opinion should cooperate. To facilitate to them the performance of their duty, it is essential that you should practically bear in mind that toward the pay- ment of debts there must be revenue ; that to have revenue there must be taxes ; that no taxes can be devised which are not more or less inconvenient and unpleasant ; that the intrinsic embarrassment insepa- rable from the selection of the proper objects (which is always a choice of difficulties), ought to be a deci- sive motive for a candid construction of the conduct of the government in making it, and for a spirit of acquiescence in the measures for obtaining revenue which the public exigencies may at any time dictate. Observe good faith and justice toward all nations ; cultivate peace and harmony with all ; religion and morality enjoin this conduct, and can it be that 96 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. good policy does not really enjoin it ? It will be worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant period, a 'great nation, to give to mankind the mag- nanimous and too novel example of a people always guided by an exalted justice and benevolence. "Who can doubt that, in the course of time and things, the fruits of such a plan would richly repay any temporary advantages which might be lost by a steady adherence to it ? Can it be that Providence has not connected the permanent felicity of a nation with its virtue ? The experiment, at least, is recom- mended by every sentiment which ennobles human nature. Alas ! it is rendered impossible by its vices ? In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more essential than that permanent inveterate antipathies against particular nations, and passionate attach- ments for others, should be excluded, and that, in place of them, just and amicable feelings toward all should be cultivated. The nation which indulges toward another an habitual hatred, or an habitual fondness, is, in some degree, a slave. It is a slave to its animosity or its affection, either of which is suffi cient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest. Antipathy in one nation against another disposes each more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty 97 and intractable when accidental or trifling occasions of dispute occur. Hence, frequent collisions, obsti- nate, envenomed, and bloody contests. The nation, prompted by ill-will and resentment, sometimes impels to war the government, contrary to the best calculations of policy. The government sometimes participates in the national propensity, and adopts, through passion, what reason would reject ; at other times it makes the animosity of the nation subservi- ent to projects of hostility, instigated by pride, ambition, and other sinister and pernicious motives. The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty of nations, has been the victim. So, likewise, a passionate attachment of one nation to another produces a variety of evils. Sym- pathy for the favorite nation, facilitating the illusion of an imaginary common interest, in cases where no real common interest exists, and infusing into one the enmities of the other, betrays the former into a participation into the quarrels and wars of the latter, without adequate inducement or justification. It leads also to concessions to the favorite nation of privileges denied to others, which is apt doubly to injure the nation making the concessions, by unnec- essarily parting with what ought to have been retained, and by exciting jealousy, ill-will, and a disposition to retaliate, in the parties from whom OS NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. equal privileges are withheld ; and it gives to ainbi- q tious, corrupted, or deluded citizens (who devote themselves to the favorite nation), facility to betray or sacrifice the interest of their own country, with- out odium, sometimes even with popularity ; gilding with the appearance of a virtuous sense of obligation, a commendable deference for public opinion, or a laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation. As avenues to foreign influence in innumerable ways, such attachments are particularly alarming to the truly enlightened and independent patriot. How many opportunities do they afford to tamper with domestic factions, to practice the art of seduc- tion, to mislead public opinion, to influence or awe the public councils ! Such an attachment of a small or weak toward a great and powerful nation dooms the former to be the satellite of the latter. Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens) the jeal- ousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake, since history and experience prove that foreign influence is one of the most baneful foes of repub- lican government. But that jealousy, to be useful, must be impartial, else it becomes the instrument of the very influence to be avoided, instead of a defense against it. Excessive partiality for one foreign WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDKESS. nation, and excessive dislike for another, cause those whom they actuate to see danger only on one side, and serve to vail, and even second, the arts of influence on the other. Real patriots, who may resist the intrigues of the favorite, are liable to become suspected and odious, while its tools and dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the peo- ple, to surrender their interests. The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial rela- tions, to have with them as little political connection as possible. So far as we have already formed engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good faith. Here let us stop. Europe has a set of primary interests, which to us have none or a very remote relation. Hence she must be engaged in frequent controversies, the causes of which are essentially foreign to our con- cerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the or- dinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary combinations and collisions of her friendships or enmities. Our detached and distant situation invites and enables us to pursue a different course. If we remain one people, under an efficient government, the period is not far off when we may defy material 100 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. injury from external annoyance, when we may take such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected when belligerent nations, under the impossibility of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightl)' hazard the giving us provocation when we may choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by jus- tice, shall counsel. Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a situation ? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign ground ? Why, by interweaving our destiny with that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rival- ship, interest, humor, or caprice ? It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world ; so far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it ; for let me not be understood as capable of patronizing infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the maxim no less applicable to public than to private affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be observed in their genuine sense. But, in my opinion, it is unnecessary, and would be unwise, to extend them. Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable establishments, on a respectable defensive posture, WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDBESS. 101 we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extra- ordinary emergencies. Harmony, and a liberal intercourse with all nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and interest. But even our commercial policy should hold an equal and impartial hand ; neither seeking nor granting exclusive favors or preferences ; con- sulting the natural course of things ; diffusing and diversifying, by gentle means, the streams of com- merce, but forcing nothing ; establishing, with powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable course, to define the rights of our merchants, and to enable the government to support them, conven- tional rules of intercourse, the best that present circumstances and mutual opinions will permit, but temporary, and liable to be, from time to time, abandoned or varied, as experience and circum- stances shall dictate ; constantly keeping in view that it is folly in one nation to look for disinterested favors from another ; that it must pay, with a por- tion of its independence, for -whatever it may accept under that character ; that by such acceptance it may place itself in the condition of having given equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being reproached with ingratitude for not giving more. There can be no greater error than to expect, or calculate upon, real favors from nation to nation 102 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. It is an illusion which experience must cure, which a just pride ought to discard. In offering to you, my countrymen, these counsels of an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope they will make the strong and lasting impression I could wish that they will control the usual current of the passions, or prevent our nation from running the course which has hitherto marked the destiny of nations ; but if I may even flatter myself that they may be productive of some partial benefit, some occasional good, that they may now and then recur to moderate the fury of party spirit, to warn against the mischiefs of foreign intrigues, to guard against the impostures of pretended patriotism this hope will be a full recompense for the solicitude for your welfare by which they have been dictated. How far, in the discharge of my official duties, I have been guided by the principles which have been delineated, the public records, and other evidences of my conduct, must witness to you and the world. To myself, the assurance of my own conscience is, that I have at least believed myself to be guided by them. In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe, my proclamation of the 22d of April, 1793, is the index to my plan. Sanctioned by your approving voice, and by that of your representatives in both 103 Houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has continually governed me, uninfluenced by any attempts to deter or divert me from it. After deliberate examination, with the aid of the best lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that our country, under all the circumstances of the case, had a right to take, and was bound in duty and in- terest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I determined, as far as should depend upon me, to main- tain it with moderation, perseverance, and firmness. The considerations which respect the right to hold this conduct, it is not necessary on this occasion to detail. I will only observe that, according to my understanding of the matter, that right, so far from being denied by any of the belligerent powers, has been virtually admitted by all. The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be inferred, without anything more, from the obligation which justice and humanity impose on every nation, in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate the relations of peace and amity toward other nations. The inducements of interest, for observing that conduct, will be best referred to your own reflections and experience. With me, a predominant motive has been to endeavor to gain time to our country to settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to progress, without interruption, to that degree of 104 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. strength and consistency which is necessary to give it, humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes. Though, in reviewing the incidents of my admin- istration, I am unconscious of intentional error, I am, nevertheless, too sensible of my defects not to think it probable that I may have committed many errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope that my country will never cease to view them with indulgence, and that, after forty-five years of my life dedicated to its service with an upright zeal, the faults of incompetent abilities will be consigned to oblivion, as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest. Relying on its kindness in this, as in other things, and actuated by that fervent love toward it which is so natural to a man who views in it the native soil of himself and his progenitors for several generations, I anticipate, with pleasing expectation, that retreat in which I promise myself to realize, without alloy, the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of my fellow-citizens, the benign influence of good laws under a free government the ever favorite object of my heart and the happy reward, as I trust, of our mutual cares, labors, and dangers. GEOKGE WASHINGTON. UNITED STATES, Ifth September, 1796. PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 105 PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION, ISSUED IS 1832, WHEN" SOUTH CAROLINA UNDERTOOK TO ANNUL THE FEDERAL REVENUE LAW. WHEREAS a convention, assembled in the State of South Carolina, have passed an ordinance, by which they declare " that the several acts and parts of acts of the Congress of the United States, purporting to be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the importation of foreign commodities, and now having actual operation and effect .within the United States, and more especially * two acts for the same purposes, passed on the 29th of May, 1828, and on the 14th of July, 1832,' are unauthorized by the Constitution of the United States, and violate the true meaning and intent thereof, and are null and void, and no law," nor binding on the citizens of that State or its offi- cers ; and by the said ordinance it is further declared to be unlawful for any of the constituted authori- ties of the State, or of the United States, to enforce 106 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the payment of the duties imposed by the said acta within the same State, and that it is the duty of the legislature to pass such laws as may be necessary to give full effect to the said ordinances : And whereas, by the said ordinance it is further ordained, that, in no case of law or equity, decided in the courts of said State, wherein shall be drawn in question the validity of the said ordinance, or of the acts of the legislature that may be passed to give it effect, or of the said laws of the United States, no appeal shall be allowed to the Supreme Court of the United States, nor shall any copy of the record be permitted or allowed for that purpose ; and that any person attempting to take such appeal, shall be pun- ished as for a contempt of court: And, finally, the said ordinance declares that the people of South Carolina will maintain the said ordi- nance at every hazard ; and that they will consider the passage of any act by Congress abolishing or closing the ports of the said State, or otherwise ob- structing the free ingress or egress of vessels to and from the said ports, or any other act of the Federal Government to coerce the State, shut up her ports, destroy or harass her commerce, or to enforce the said acts otherwise than through the civil tribunals of the country, as inconsistent with the longer con- tinuance of South Carolina in the Union ; and that 107 the people of the said State will thenceforth hold themselves absolved from all further obligation to maintain or preserve their political connection with the people of the other States, and will forthwith proceed to organize a separate government, and do all other acts and things which sovereign and inde- pendent States may of right do : And whereas the said ordinance prescribes to the people of South Carolina a course of conduct in direct violation of their duty as citizens of the United States, contrary to the laws of their country, subver- sive of its Constitution, and having for its object the destruction of the Union that Union, which, coeval with our political existence, led our fathers, without any other ties to unite them than those of patriotism and common cause, through a sanguinary struggle to a glorious independence that sacred Union, hitherto, inviolate, which, perfected by our happy Constitu- tion, has brought us, by the favor of Heaven, to a state of prosperity at home, and high consideration abroad, rarely, if ever, equaled in the history of na- tions ; to preserve this bond of our political existence from destruction, to maintain inviolate this state of national honor and prosperity, and to justify the con- fidence my fellow-citizens have reposed in me, I, Andrew Jackson, President of the United States, have thought proper to issue this, my PROCLAMATION, 108 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. stating my views of the Constitution and laws applicable to the measures adopted by the Conven- tion of South Carolina, and to the reasons they have put forth to sustain them, declaring the course which duty will require me to pursue, and, appealing to the understanding and patriotism of the people, warn them of the consequences that must inevitably result from an observance of the dictates of the Convention. Strict duty would require of me nothing more than the exercise of those powers with which I am now, or may hereafter be, invested, for preserving the Union, and for the execution of the laws. But the imposing aspect which opposition has assumed in this case, by clothing itself with State authority, and the deep interest which the people of the United States must all feel in preventing a resort to stronger measures, while there is a hope that anything will be yielded to reasoning and remonstrances, perhaps demand, and will certainly justify, a full exposition to South Carolina and the nation of the views I en- tertain of this important question, as well as a distinct enunciation of the course which my sense of duty will j require me to pursue. The ordinance is founded, not on the indefeasible right of resisting acts which are plainly unconstitu- tional, and too oppressive to be endured, but on the Strange position that any one State may not only PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 109 declare an act of Congress void, but prohibit its cution that they may do this consistently with the Constitution that the true construction of that instrument permits a State to retain its place in the Union, and yet be bound by no other of its laws than those it may choose to consider as constitutional. It is true they add, that, to justify this abrogation of a law, it must be palpably contrary to the Constitution ; but it is evident, ihpk to give the right of resisting laws of that description, coupled with the uncon- trolled right to decide what laws deserve that char- acter, is to give the power of resisting all laws. For, as by the theory, there is no appeal, the reasons alleged by the State, good or bad, must prevail. If it should be said that public opinion is a sufficient check against the abuse of this power, it may be asked why is it not deemed a sufficient guard against the passage of an unconstitutional act by Congress. There is, however, a restraint in this last case, which makes the assumed power of a State more indefensi- ble, and which does not exist in the other. There are two appeals from an unconstitutional act passed by Congress one to the judiciary, the other to the people and the States. There is no appeal from the State decision in theory ; and the practical illustra- tration shows that the courts are closed against an application to review it, both judges and jurors being 110 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. sworn to decide in its favor. But reasoning on thia subject is superfluous, when our social compact in express terms declares, that the laws of the United States, its Constitution, and treaties made under it, are the supreme law of the land ; and for greater caution adds, " that the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." And it may be asserted, without, fear of refutation, that no federative government could exist without a similar provision. Look, for a moment, to the conse- quence. If South Carolina considers the revenue laws unconstitutional, and has a right to prevent their execution in the port of Charleston, there would be a clear constitutional objection to their collection in every other port, and no revenue could be collected anywhere ; for all imposts must be equal. It is no answer to repeat that an unconstitutional law is no law, so long as the question of its legality is to be decided by the State itself; for every law operating injuriously upon any local interest will be perhaps thought, and certainly represented, as unconstitu- tional, and, as has been shown, there is no appeal. If this doctrine had been established at an earlier day, the Union would have been dissolved in ita infancy. The excise law in Pennsylvania, the em- bargo and non-intercourse law in the Eastern States, PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. the carriage tax in Yirginia, were all deemed uncon- stitutional, and were more unequal in their operation than any of the laws now complained of; but, fortu- nately, none of those States discovered that they had the right now claimed by South Carolina. The war into which we were forced, to support the dignity of the nation and the rights of our citizens, might have ended in defeat and disgrace, instead of victory and honor, if the States, who supposed it a ruinous and unconstitutional measure, had thought they possessed the right of nullifying the act by which it was de- clared, and denying supplies for its prosecution. Hardly and unequally as those measures bore upon several members of the Union, to the legislatures of none did this efficient and peaceable remedy, as it is called, suggest itself. The discovery of this impor- tant feature in our Constitution was reserved to the present day. To the statesmen of South Carolina belongs the invention, and upon the citizens of that State will, unfortunately, fall the evils of reducing it to practice. If the doctrine of a State veto upon the laws of the Union carries with it internal evidence of its im- practicable absurdity, our constitutional history will also afford abundant proof that it would have been repudiated with indignation had it been proposed to form a feature in our government. 112 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. In our colonial state, although dependent on an- other power, we very early considered ourselves as connected by common interest with each other. Leagues were formed for common defense, and before the Declaration of Independence, we were known in our aggregate character as the United Colonies of America. That decisive and important step was taken jointly. "We declared ourselves a nation by a joint, not by several acts ; and when the terms of our confederation were reduced to form, it was in that of a solemn league of several States, by which they agreed that they would, collectively, form one nation, for the purpose of conducting some certain domestic concerns, and all foreign relations. In the instrument forming that Union, is found an article which declares that " every State shall abide by the determinations of Congress on all questions which by that Confederation should be submitted to them." Under the Confederation, then, no State could legally annul a decision of the Congress, or refuse to submit to its execution ; but no provision was made to enforce these decisions. Congress made requisi- tions, but they were not complied with. The gov- ernment could not operate on individuals. They had no judiciary, no means of collecting revenue. But the defects of the Confederation need not be detailed. Under its operation we could scarcely be PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 113 called a nation. "We had neither prosperity at home nor consideration abroad. This state of things could not be endured, and our present happy Constitution was formed, but formed in vain, if this fatal doctrine prevails. It was formed for important objects that are announced in the preamble made in the name and by the authority of the people of the United States, whose delegates framed, and whose conven- tions approved, it. The most important among these objects, that which is placed first in rank, on which all the others rest, is "to form a more perfect Union." Now, it is possible that, even if there were no express provision giving supremacy to the Constitution and laws of the United States over those of the States, it can be conceived that an instrument made for the purpose of "forming a more perfect Union" than that of the Confederation, could be so constructed by the assem- bled wisdom of our country as to substitute for that confederation a form of government, dependent for its existence on the local interest, the party spirit of a State, or of a prevailing faction in a State ? Every man, of plain, unsophisticated understanding, who hears the question, will give such an answer as will preserve the Union. Metaphysical subtlety, in pur- suit of an impracticable theory, could alone have devised one that is calculated to destroy it. NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. I consider, then, the power to annul a law of the United States, assumed by one State, incompatible with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly Inj the letter of the Constitution, unauthorized ly its fipirit, inconsistent with every principle on which it was founded, and destructive of the great object for which it was formed. After this general view of the leading principle, we must examine the particular application of it which is made in the ordinance. The preamble rests its justification on these grounds : It assumes as a fact, thai the obnoxious laws, although they purport to be laws for raising revenue, were in reality intended for the protection of manufactures, which purpose it asserts to be un- constitutional ; that the operation of these laws is unequal ; that the amount raised by them is greater than is required by the wants of the government ; and, finally, that the proceeds are to be applied to objects unauthorized by the Constitution. These are the only causes alleged to justify an open opposition to the laws of the country, and a threat of seceding from the Union, if any attempt should be made to enforce them. The first actually acknowledges that the law in question was passed under power ex- pressly given by the Constitution, to lay and collect imposts ; but its constitutionality is drawn in ques- PRESIDENT JACKSON^ PROCLAMATION. 115 tion from the motives of those who passed it. How- ever apparent this purpose may be in the present case, nothing can be more dangerous than to admit the position that an unconstitutional purpose, enter- tained by the members who assent to a law enacted under a constitutional power, shall make that law void ; for how is that purpose to be ascertained ? Who is to make the scrutiny ? How often may bad purposes be falsely imputed? In how many cases are they concealed by false professions? In how many is no declaration of motive made ? Admit this doctrine, and you give to the States an uncontrolled right to decide, and every law may be annulled under this pretext. If, therefore, the absurd and dangerous doctrine should be admitted, that a State may annul an unconstitutional law, or one that it deems such, it will not apply to the present case. The next objection is, that the laws in question operate unequally. This objection may be made with truth to every law that has been or can be passed. The wisdom of man never yet contrived a system of taxation that would operate with perfect equality. If the unequal operation of a law makes it unconstitutional, and if all laws of that description may be abrogated by any State for that cause, then, indeed, is the federal Constitution unworthy of the slightest efforts for its preservation. We have hith- 116 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. erto relied on it as the perpetual bond of our Union. We have received it as the work of the assembled wisdom of the nation. "We have trusted to it as to the sheet-anchor of our safety, in the stormy times of conflict with a foreign or domestic foe. We have looked to it with sacred awe as the palladium of our liberties, and with all the solemnities of religion have pledged to each other our lives and fortunes here, and our hopes of happiness hereafter, in its defense and support. Were we mistaken, my countrymen, in attaching this importance to the Constitution of our country ? Was our devotion paid to the wretched, inefficient, clumsy contrivance, which this new doc- trine would make it ? Did we pledge ourselves to the support of an airy nothing a bubble that must be blown away by the first breath of disaffection ? Was this self-destroying, visionary theory the work of the profound statesmen, the exalted patriots, to whom the task of constitutional reform was intrusted? Did the name of Washington sanction, did the States de- liberately ratify, such an anomaly in the history of fundamental legislation? No. We were not mis- taken. The letter of this great instrument is free from this radical fault; its language directly contra- dicts the imputation; its spirit, its evident intent, contradicts it. !No, we did not err. Our Constitu- tion does not contain the absurdity of giving power PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 117 to make laws, and another power to resist them. The sages, whose memory will always be reverenced, have given us a practical, and, as they hoped, a per- manent constitutional compact. The Father of his Country did not affix his revered name to so palpable an absurdity. Nor did the States, when they sever- ally ratified it, do so under the impression that a veto on the laws of the United States was reserved to them, or that they could exercise it by application. Search the debates in all their conventions examine the speeches of the most zealous opposers of federal authority look at the amendments that were pro- posed. They are all silent -not a syllable uttered, not a vote given, not a motion made, to correct the explicit supremacy given to the laws of the Union over those of the States, or to show that implication, as is now contended, could defeat it. No, we have not erred ! The Constitution is still the object of our reverence, the bond of our union, our defense in danger, the source of our prosperity in peace. It shall descend, as we have received it, uncorrupted by sophistical construction, to our posterity ; and the sacrifices of local interest, of State prejudices, of per- sonal animosities, that were made to bring it into existence, will again be patriotically offered for its support. The two remaining objections made by the ordi- 118 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. nance to these laws are, that the sums intended to be raised by them are greater than are required, and that the proceeds will be unconstitutionally employed. The Constitution has given expressly to Congress the right of raising revenue, and of determining the sum the public exigencies will require. The States have no control over the exercise of this right other than that which results from the power of changing the representatives who abuse it, and thus procure re- dress. Congress may undoubtedly abuse this discre- tionary power, but the same may be said of others with which they are vested. Yet the discretion must exist somewhere. The Constitution has given it to the representatives of all the people, checked by the representatives of the States, and by the executive power. The South Carolina construction gives it to the legislature, or the convention of a single State, where neither the people of the different States, nor the States in their separate capacity, nor the chief magistrate elected by the people, have any represen- tation. Which is the most discreet disposition of the power ? I do not ask you, fellow-citizens, which is the constitutional disposition that instrument speaks a language not to be misunderstood. But if you were assembled in general convention, which would you think the safest depository of this discretionary power in the last resort? Would you add a clause giving PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 119 it to each of the States, or would you sanction the wise provisions already made by your Constitution ? If this should be the result of your deliberations when providing for the future, are you can you be ready to risk all that we hold dear, to establish, for a tem- porary and a local purpose, that which yon must acknowledge to be destructive, and even absurd, as a general provision ? Carry out the consequences of this right vested in the different States, and you must perceive that the crisis your conduct presents at this day would recur whenever any law of the United States displeased any of the States, and that we should soon cease to be a nation. The ordinance, with the same knowledge of the future that characterizes a former objection, tells you that the proceeds of the tax will be unconstitutionally applied. If this could be ascertained with certainty, the objection would, with more propriety, be reserved for the law so applying the proceeds, but surely can not be urged against the laws levying the duty. These are the allegations contained in the ordi- nance. Examine them seriously, my fellow-citizens judge for yourselves. I appeal to you to deter- mine whether they are so clear, so convincing, as to leave no doubt of their correctness ; and even if you should come to this conclusion, how far they justify 120 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the reckless, destructive course which you are directed to pursue. Review these objections, and the conclu- sions drawn from them once more. What are they ? Every law, then, for raising revenue, according to the South Carolina ordinance, may be rightfully an- nulled, unless it be so framed as no law ever will or can be framed. Congress have a right to pass laws for raising revenue, and each State has a right to oppose their execution two rights directly opposed to each other ; and yet is this absurdity supposed to be contained in an instrument drawn for the express purpose of avoiding collisions between the States and the general government, by an assembly of the most enlightened statesmen and purest patriots ever em- bodied for a similiar purpose. In vain have these sages declared that Congress shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, im- posts, and excises in vain have they provided that they shall have power to pass laws which shall be necessary and proper to carry those powers into execution, that those laws and that Constitution shall be the " supreme law of the land ; and that the judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any- thing in the constitution or laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding." In vain have the people of the several States solemnly sanctioned these pro- visions, made them their paramount law, and indi- PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 121 viduallj sworn to support them whenever they were called on to execute any office. Yain provisions 1 Ineffectual restrictions ! Yile profanation of oaths ! Miserable mockery of legisla- tion ! If a bare majority of the voters in any one State may, on a real or supposed knowledge of the intent with which a law has been passed, declare themselves free from its operation say here it gives too little, there too much, and operates unequally here it suffers articles to be free that ought to be taxed, there it taxes those that ought to be free in this case the proceeds are intended to be applied to purposes which we do not approve, in that the amount raised is more than is wanted. Congress, it is true, are invested bythe Constitution with the right of deciding these questions according to their sound discretion. Congress is composed of the repre- sentatives of all the States, and of all the people of all the States ; but WE, part of the people of one State, to whom the Constitution has given no power on the subject, from whom it has expressly taken it away we, who have solemnly agreed that this Con- stitution shall be our law we, most of whom have sworn to support it we now abrogate this law, and swear, and force others to swear, that it shall not be obeyed and we do this, not because Congress have no right to pass such laws ; this we do not allege ; 122 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. but because they have passed them with improper views. They are unconstitutional from the motives of those who pass them, which we can never with certainty know, from their unequal operation; although it is impossible from the nature of things that they should be equal and from the disposition which we presume may be made of their proceeds, although that disposition has not been declared. This is the plain meaning of the ordinance in rela- tion to laws which it abrogates for alleged unconsti- tutionality. But it does not stop here. It repeals, in express terms, an important part of the Constitu- tion itself, and of laws passed to give it effect, which have never been alleged to be unconstitutional. The Constitution declares that the judicial powers of the United States extend to cases arising under the laws of the United States, and that such laws the Constitution and treaties shall be paramount to the State constitutions and laws. The judiciary act pre- scribes the mode by which the case may be brought before a court of the United States, by appeal, when a State tribunal shall decide against this provision of the Constitution. The ordinance declares there shall be no appeal ; makes the State law paramount to the Constitution and laws of the United States ; forces judges and jurors to swear that they will dis- regard their provisions ; and even makes it penal in 123 a suitor to attempt relief by appeal. It further declares that it shall not be lawful for the authorities of the United States, or of that State, to enforce the payment of duties imposed by the revenue laws within its limits. Here is a law of the United States, not even pretended to be unconstitutional, repealed by the authority of a small majority of the voters of a single State. Here is a provision of the Constitution which is solemnly abrogated by the same authority. On such expositions and reasonings, the ordi- nance grounds not only an assertion of the right to annul the laws of which it complains, but to enforce it by a threat of seceding from the Union, if any attempt is made to execute them. This right to secede is deduced from the nature of the Constitution, which they say is a compact between sovereign States, who have preserved their whole sovereignty, and therefore are subject to no superior ; that because they made the compact, they can break it when in their opinion it has been departed from by the other States. Fallacious as this course of reasoning is, it enlists State pride, and finds advocates in the honest prejudices of those who have not studied the nature of our government suffi- ciently to see the radical error on which it rests. The people of. the United States formed the Con- 124 NATIONAL FAND-BOOK. stitution, acting through the State legislatures, in making the compact, to meet and discuss its provis- ions, and acting in separate conventions when they ratified those provisions ; but the term used in its construction show it to be a government in which the people of all the States collectively are repre- sented. We are ONE PEOPLE in the choice of the President and Yice-President. Here the States have no other agency than to direct the mode in which the votes shall be given. The candidates having the majority of all the votes are chosen. The electors of a majority of States may have given their votes for one candidate, and yet another may be chosen. The people then, and not the States, are represented in the executive branch. In the House of Representatives there is this difference, that the people of one State do not, as in the case of President and Yice-President, all vote for all the members, each State electing only its own representatives. But this creates no material distinc- tion. When chosen, they are all representatives of the United States, not representatives of the particu- lar State from which they come. They are paid by the United States, not by the State ; nor are they accountable to it for any act done in performance of their legislative functions ; and however they may in practice, as it is their duty to do, consult and pre- PEESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 125 for the interests of their particular constituents when they come in conflict with any other .partial or local interest, yet it is their first and highest duty, as representatives of the United States, to promote the general good. The Constitution of the United States, then, forms a government^ not a league, and whether it be formed by compact between the States, or in any other manner, its character is the same. It is a gov- ernment in which all the people are represented, which operates directly on the people individually, not upon the States ; they retained all the power they did not grant. But each State having expressly parted with so many powers as to constitute jointly with the other States a single nation, can not from that period possess any right to secede, because such secession does not break a league, but destroys the unity of a nation, and any injury to that unity is not only a breach which would result from the contra- vention of a compact, but it is an offense against the whole Union. To say that any State may at pleas- ure secede from the Union, is to say that the United States is not a nation ; because it would be a sole- cism to contend that any part of a nation might dissolve its connection with the other parts, to their injury or ruin, without committing any offense. Secession, like any other revolutionary act, may be 126 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. morally justified by the extremity of oppression ; but to call it a constitutional right, is confounding the meaning of terms, and can only be done through gross error, or to deceive those who are willing to assert a right % but would pause before they made a revolution, or incur the penalties consequent upon a failure. Because the Union was formed by compact, it is said the parties to that compact may, when they feel aggrieved, depart from it ; but it is precisely because it is a compact that they cannot. A contract is an agreement or binding obligation. It may by its terms have a sanction or penalty for its breach, or it may not. If it contains no sanction, it may be broken with no other consequence than moral guilt ; if it have a sanction, then the breach incurs the designated or implied penalty. A league between independent nations, generally, has no sanction other than a moral one ; or if it should contain a penalty, as there is no common superior, it cannot be enforced. A government, on the contrary, always has a sanction, express or implied ; and, in our case, it is both necessarily implied and expressly given. An attempt by force of arms to destroy a goverr.- ment is an offense, by whatever means the constitu- tional compact may have been formed ; and such government has the right, by the law of self-defense, PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. to pass acts for punishing the offender, unless that right is modified, restrained, or resumed by the con- stitutional act. In our system, although it is modi- fied in the case of treason, yet authority is expressly given to pass all laws necessary to carry its powers into effect, and under this grant provision has been made for punishing acts which obstruct the due administration of the laws. It would seem superfluous to add anything to show the nature of that union which connects us ; but as erroneous opinions on this subject are the foundation of doctrines the most destructive to our peace, I must give some further development to my views on this subject. No one, fellow-citizens, has a higher reverence for the reserved rights of the States than the magistrate who now addresses you. ~No one would make greater personal sacrifices, or offi- cial exertions, to defend them from violation ; but equal care must be taken to prevent, on their part, an improper interference with, or resumption of, the rights they have vested in the nation. The line has not been so distinctly drawn as to avoid doubts in some cases of the exercise of power. Men of the best intentions and soundest views may differ in their construction of some parts of the Constitution ; but there are others on which dispassionate reflection can leave no doubt. Of this nature appears to be 128 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the assumed right of secession. It rests, as we have seen, on the alleged and undivided sovereignty of the States, and of their having formed in this sovereign capacity a compact which is called the Constitution, from which, because they made it, they have the right to secede. Both of these positions are errone- ous, and some of the arguments to prove them so have been anticipated. The States severally have not retained -their entire sovereignty. It has been shown that in becoming parts of a nation, not members of a league, they surrendered many of their essential parts of sovereignty. The right to make treaties, declare war, levy taxes, exercise judicial and legislative powers, were all functions of sovereign power. The States, then, for all these important purposes, were no longer sovereign. The allegiance of their citizens was transferred in the first instance to the govern- ment of the United States ; they became American citizens, and owed obedience to the Constitution of the United States, and to laws made in conformity with the powers vested in Congress. This last posi- tion has not been, and can not be, denied. How, then, can that State be said to be sovereign and independent whose citizens owe obedience to laws not made by it, and whose magistrates are sworn to disregard those laws, when they come in conflict % f-* A "* f with those passed by another ? What shows conclu- sively that the States can not be saidX(jil&rJ, reserved an undivided sovereignty, is that they expressly ceded the right to punish treason not treason against a separate power, but treason against the United States. Treason is an offense against sov- ereignty, and sovereignty must reside with the power to punish it. But the reserved rights of the States are not less sacred because they have for their com- mon interest made the general government the depository of these powers. The unity of our politi- cal character (as has been shown for another pur- pose) commenced with its very existence. Under the royal government we had no separate character ; our opposition to its oppression began as UNITED COLONIES. We were the UNITED STATES under the Confederation, and the name was perpetuated and the Union rendered more perfect by the federal Con- stitution. In none of these stages did we consider ourselves in any other light than as forming one nation. Treaties and alliances were made in the name of all. Troops were raised for the joint defense. How, then, with all these proofs, that under all changes of our position we had, for desig* nated purposes and with defined powers, created national governments how is it that the most per- fect of these several modes of union should now be 130 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. considered as a mere league that may be dissolved at pleasure? It is from au abuse of terms. Compact is used as synonymous with league, although the true term is not employed, because it would at once show the fallacy of the reasoning. It would not do to say that our Constitution was only a league, but it is labored to prove it a compact (which, in one sense, it is), and then to argue that as a league is a compact, every compact between nations must, of course, be a league, and that from such an engagement every sovereign power has a right to recede. But it has been shown that in this sense the States are not sovereign, and that even if they were, and the national Constitution had been formed by compact, there would be no right in any one State to exone- rate itself from the obligation. So obvious are the reasons which forbid this secession, that it is necessary only to allude to them. The Union was formed for the benefit of all. It was produced by mutual sacrifice of interest and opinions. Can those sacrifices be recalled ? Can the States, who magnanimously surrendered their title to the territories of the West, recall the grant ? Will the inhabitants of the inland States agree to pay the duties that may be imposed without their assent by those on the Atlantic or the Gulf, for their own benefit? Shall there be a free port in one State, PRESIDENT JACKSON^ PROCLAMATION. 131 and enormous duties in another? No one believes that any right exists in a single State to involve all the others in these and countless other evils, contrary to engagements solemnly made. Every one must see that the other States, in self-defense, must oppose it at all hazards. These are the alternatives that are presented by the convention : A repeal of all the acts for raising revenue, leaving the government without the means of support; or an acquiesce in the dissolution of our Union by the secession of one of its members. When the first was proposed, it was known that it could not be listened to for a moment. It was known if force was applied to oppose the execution of the laws, that it must be repelled by force that Congress could not, without involving itself in dis- grace and the country in ruin, accede to the proposi- tion ; and yet if this is not done in a given day, or if any attempt is made to execute the laws, the State is, by the ordinance, declared to be out of the Union. The majority of a convention assembled for the pur- pose have dictated these terms, or rather this rejection of all terms, in the name of the people of South Carolina. It is true that the governor of the State speaks of the submission of their grievances .to a convention of all the States ; which, he says, they "sincerely and anxiously seek and desire." Yet this 132 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. obvious and constitutional mode of obtaining the sense of the other States on the construction of the federal compact, and amending it, if necessary, has never been attempted by those who have urged the State on to this destructive measure. The State might have proposed a call for a general convention to the other States, and Congress, if a sufficient num- ber of them concurred, must have called it. But the first magistrate of South Carolina, when he expressed a hope that, " on a review by Congress and the func- tionaries of the general government of the merits of the controversy," such a convention will be accorded to them, must have known that neither Congress, nor any functionary in the general government, has authority to call such a convention, unless it be demanded by two-thirds of the States. This sug- gestion, then, is another instance of the reckless inattention to the provisions of the Constitution with which this crisis has been madly hurried on ; or of the attempt to persuade the people that a constitu- tional remedy has been sought and refused. If the legislature of South Carolina " anxiously desire " a general convention to consider their complaints, why have they not made application for it in the way the Constitution points out? The assertion that they " earnestly seek " it is completely negatived by the pmission. 133 This, then is the position in which we stand. A small majority of the citizens of one State in the Union have elected delegates to a State convention ; that convention has ordained that all the revenue laws of the United States must be repealed, or that they are no longer a member of the Union. The governor of that State has recommended to the legis- lature the raising of an army to carry the secession into effect, and that he may be empowered to give clearances to vessels in the name of the State. No act of violent opposition to the laws has yet been committed, but such a state of things is hourly appre- hended, and it is the intent of this instrument to PROCLAIM, not only that the duty imposed on me by the Constitution, " to take care that the laws be faithfully executed," shall be performed to the extent of the powers already vested in me bylaw, or of such others as the wisdom of Congress shall devise and intrust to me for that purpose ; but to warn the citi- zens of South Carolina, who have been deluded into an opposition to the laws, of the danger they will incur by obedience to the illegal and disorganizing ordinance of the convention to exhort those who have refused to support it to persevere in their deter- mination to uphold the Constitution and laws of their country, and to point out to all the perilous situa- tion into which the good people of that State have 134: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. been led, and that the course they are urged to pur- sue is one of ruin and disgrace to the very State whose rights they effect to support. Fellow-citizens of my native State ! let me not only admonish you, as the first magistrate of our common country, not to incur the penalty of its laws, but use the influence that a father would over his children whom he saw rushing to a certain ruin. In that paternal language, with that paternal feeling, let me tell you, my countrymen, that you are deluded by men who are either deceived themselves or wish to deceive yon. Mark under what pretenses you have been led on to the brink of insurrection and treason on which you stand ! First a diminution of the value of our staple commodity, lowered by over- production in other quarters and the consequent diminution in the value of your lands, were the sole effect of the tariff laws. The effect of those laws was confessedly injurious, but the evil was greatly exaggerated by the unfounded theory you were taught to believe, that its burdens were in propor- tion to your exports, not to your consumption of imported articles. Your pride was roused by the assertions that a submission to these laws was a state of vassalage, and that resistance to them was equal, in patriotic merit, to the opposition our fathers offered to the oppressive laws of Grea.t Britain. Ton 135 were told that this opposition might be peaceably might be constitutionally made that you might enjoy all the advantages of the Union and bear none of its burdens. Eloquent appeals to your passions, to your State pride, to your native courage, to your sense of real injury, were used to prepare you for the period when the mask which concealed the hideous features of DISUNION should be taken off. It fell, and you were made to look with complacency on objects which not long since you would have regarded with horror. Look back to the arts which have brought you to this state look forward to the consequences to which it must inevitably lead! Look back to what was first told you as an inducement to enter into this dangerous course. The great political truth was repeated to you that you had the revolu- tionary right of resisting all laws that were palpably unconstitutional and intolerably oppressive it was added that the right to nullify a law rested on the same principle, but that it was a peaceable remedy ! This character which was given to it, made you receive with too much confidence the assertions that were made of the unconstitutionally of the law and its oppressive effects. Mark, my fellow-citizens, that by the admission of your leaders the unconstitutioi> ality must be palpable, or it will justify either resist- ance or nullification ! "What is the meaning of the 136 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. word palpable in the sense in which it is here used ? that which is apparent to every one, that which no man of ordinary intellect will fail to perceive. Is the unconstitutionally of these laws of that descrip- tion? Let those among your leaders who once approved and advocated the principles of protective duties, answer the question ; and let them choose whether they will be considered as incapable, then, of perceiving that which must have been apparent to every man of common understanding, or as imposing upon our confidence and endeavoring to mislead you now. In either case, they are unsafe guides in the perilous path they urge you to tread. Ponder well on this circumstance, and you will know how to appreciate the exaggerated language they address to you. They are not champions of liberty emulat- ing the fame of our Revolutionary fathers, nor are you an oppressed people, contending, as they repeat to you, against worse than colonial vassalage. You are free members of a flourishing and happy Union. There is no settled design to oppress you. You have, indeed, felt the unequal operation of laws which may have been unwisely, not unconstitution- ally passed ; but that inequality must necessarily be removed. At the very moment when you were madly urged on to the unfortunate course you have begun, a change in public opinion has commenced. PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 137 The nearly approaching payment of the public debt, and the consequent necessity of a diminution of duties, had already caused a considerable reduction, and that, too, on some articles of general consump- tion in your State. The importance of this change was underrated, and you were authoritatively told that no further alleviation of your burdens was to be expected, at the very time when the condition of the country imperiously demanded such a modification of the duties as should reduce them to a just and equitable scale. But, as apprehensive of the effect of this change in allaying your discontents, you were precipitated into a fearful state in which you now find yourselves. I have urged you to look back to the means that were used to hurry you on to the position you have now assumed, and forward to the consequences it will produce. Something more is necessary. Contem- plate the condition of that country of which you still form an important part ; consider its government uniting in one bond of common interest and general protection so many different States giving to all their inhabitants the proud title of AMERICAN CITI- ZENS protecting their commerce securing their literature and arts facilitating their intercommuni- cation defending their frontiers and making their name respected in the remotest parts of the earth ! 138 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Consider the extent of its territory, its increasing and happy population, its advance in arts, which render life agreeable, and the sciences which elevate the mind! See education spreading the lights of religion, morality, and general information into every cottage in this wide extent of our Territories and States ! Behold it as the asylum where the wretched and the oppressed find a refuge and support ! Look on this picture of happiness and honor, and say, WE, TOO, ABE CITIZENS OF AMERICA Carolina is one of these proud States her arms have defended her best blood has cemented this happy Union ! And then add, if you can, without horror and remorse, this happy Union we will dissolve this picture of peace and prosperity we will deface this free intercourse we will interrupt these fertile fields we will deluge with blood the protection of that glorious flag we renounce the very name of Americans we discard. And for what, mistaken men ! For what do you throw away these inestimable blessings for what would you exchange your share in the advantages and honor of the Union ? For the dream of a separate inde- pendence a dream interrupted by bloody conflicts with your neighbors, and a vile dependence on a for- eign power. If your leaders could succeed in estab- lishing a separation, what would be your situation ? Are you united at home are you free from the 139 apprehension of civil discord, with all its fearful con- sequences ? Do our neighboring republics, every day suffering some new revolution or contending with some new insurrection do they excite your envy ? But the dictates of a high duty oblige me solemnly to announce that you can not succeed. The laws of the United States must be executed. I have no discretionary power on the subject my duty is emphatically pronounced in the Constitution. Those who told you that you might peaceably prevent their execution, deceived you they could not have been deceived themselves. They know that a forcible opposition could alone prevent the execution of the laws, and they know that such opposition must be repelled. Their object is dis- union ; but be not deceived by names ; disunion, by armed force, is TREASON. Are you really ready to incur this guilt? If you are, on the head of the instigators of the act be the dreadful consequences on their heads be the dishonor, but on yours may fall the punishment on your unhappy State will inev- itably fall all the evils of the conflict you force upon the government of your country. It cannot accede to the mad project of disunion of which yon would be the first victims its first magistrate can not, if he would, avoid the performance of his duty the con- sequence must be feaiful for you, distressing to your 14:0 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. fellow-citizens here, and to the friends of good gov- ernment throughout the world. Its enemies have beheld our prosperity with a vexation they could not conceal it was a standing refutation of their slavish doctrines, and they will point to our discord with the triumph of malignant joy. It is yet in your power to disappoint them. There is yet time to show that the descendants of the Pinckneys, the Sumpters, the Hutledges, and of the thousand other names which adorn the pages of your revolutionary history, will not abandon that Union to support which so many of them fought and bled and died. I adjure you, as you honor their memory as you love the cause of freedom, to which they dedicated their lives as you prize the peace of your country, the lives of its best citizens, and your own fair fame, to retrace your steps. Snatch from the archives of your State the disorganizing edict of its convention bid its mem- bers to re-assemble and promulgate the decided expressions of your will to remain in the path which alone can conduct you to safety, prosperity, and honor tell them that compared to disunion, all other evils are light, because that brings with it an accumulation of all declare that you will never take the field unless the star-spangled banner of your country shall float over you that you will not be stigmatized when dead, and dishonored and scorned JACKSON'S PEOCLAMATION. while you live, as the authors of the first attack on the Constitution of jour country | its destroyers you can not be. You may disturb its peace you may interrupt the course of its prosperity you may cloud its reputation for stability but its tranquillity will be restored, its prosperity will return, and the stain upon its national character will be transferred and remain an eternal blot on the memory of those who caused the disorder. Fellow-citizens of the United States ! the threat of unhallowed disunion the names of those, once re- spected, by whom it is uttered the array of military force to support it denote the approach of a crisis in our affairs on which the continuance of our unexam- pled prosperity, our political existence, and perhaps that of all free governments, may depend. The con- jecture demanded a free, a full, and explicit enuncia- tion, not only of my intentions, but of my principles of action ; and as the claim "was asserted of a right by a State to annul the laws of the Union, and even to secede from it at pleasure, a frank exposition of my opinions in relation to the origin and form of our government, and the construction I give to the instrument by which it was created, seemed to be proper. Having the fullest confidence in the just- ness of the legal and constitutional opinion of my duties which has been expressed, I rely with equal 14:2 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. confidence on your undivided support in my deter- mination to execute the laws to preserve the Union by all constitutional means to arrest, if possible, b} moderate but firm measures, the necessity of a recourse to force ; and, if it be the will of Heaven that the recurrence of its primeval curse on man for the shedding of a brother's blood should fall upon our land, that it be not called down by any offensive act on the part of the United States. Fellow-citizens ! the momentous case is before you. On your undivided support of your govern- ment depends the decision of the great question it involves, whether your sacred Union will be pre- served, and the blessing it secures to us as one people shall be perpetuated. No one can doubt that the unanimity with which that decision will be expressed, will be such as to inspire new confidence in republi- can institutions, and that the prudence, the wisdom, and the courage which it will bring to their defense, will transmit them unimpaired and invigorated to our children. May the Great Euler of nations grant that the signal blessings with which He has favored ours may not, by the madness of party, or personal ambition, be disregarded and lost, and may His wise provi- dence bring those who have produced this crisis to Bee the folly, before they feel the misery, of civil 143 strife, and inspire a returning veneration for that Union which, if we may dare to penetrate Hia designs, He has chosen, as the only means of attain- ing the high destinies to which we may reasonably aspire. In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of the United States to be hereunto affixed, having signed the same with my hand. Done at the City of Washington, this 10th day of December, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and thirty-two, and of the inde- pendence of the United States the fifty-seventh. AIOXBEW JACKSOH. By the President. EDW. LIVINGSOE, /Secretary of /State. 144 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. MONEOE DOCTKINE. EXTEAOT FEOM PBESIDENT MONROE'S ANNUAL MESSAGE, WASH- INGTON, DEO. 2, 1823. THE citizens of the United States cherish senti- ments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers, in matters relating to themselves, we have never taken any part, nor does it comport with our policy so to do. It is only when our rights are invaded, or seri- ously menaced, that we resent injuries or make prep arations for our defence. "With the movements in this hemisphere, we are, of necessity, more immedi- ately connected, and by causes which must be obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers. The political system of the allied powers is essen- tially different, in this respect, from that of America. This difference proceeds from that which exists in their respective Governments. And to the defence of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of so much blocd and treasure, and matured by the wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under MONEOE DOCTKINE. 145 which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this whole nation is devoted. We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amic- able relations existing between the United States and those powers, to declare, that we should consider any attempt on their part to extend their system to any portion of this hemisphere, as dangerous to our peace and safety. "With the existing colonies or dependencies of any European power, we have not interfered, and shall not interfere. But, with the Governments who have declared their independence, and maintained it, and whose independence we have, on great con- sideration, and on just principles, acknowledged, we could not view any interposition for the purpose of oppressing them, or controlling, in any other man- ner, their destiny, by any European power, in any other light than as the manifestation of an un- friendly disposition towards the United States. In the war between those new Governments and Spain, we declared our neutrality at the time of their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall occur, which, in the judgment of the competent au- thorities of this Government, shall make a corres- ponding change on the part of the United States, indispensable to their security. 146 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. THE DEED SCOTT DECISION, DEED BOOTT, PLAINTIFF IS EEEOB, VS. JOHN F. A. SANDFOBD. THIS case was brought up by writ of error, from the Circuit Court of the United States for the district of Missouri. It was an action of trespass w et armis instituted in the Circuit Court by Scott against Sanford. Prior to the institution of the present suit, an action was brought by Scott for his freedom in the Circuit Court of St. Louis county, (State court,) where there was a verdict and judgment in his favor. On a writ of error to the Supreme Court of the State, the judgment below was reversed, and the case remanded to the Circuit Court, where it was continued to await the decision of the case now in question. The declaration of Scott contained three counts : one, that Sandford had assaulted the plaintiff; one, THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 147 that he had assaulted Harriet Scott, his wife ; and one, that he had assaulted Eliza Scott and Lizzie Scott, his children. Sandford appeared, and filed the following plea : DEED SCOTT, ) vs. > Plea to the Jurisdiction of the Court. JOHN F. A. SANDFOBD. ) APEIL TEEM, 1854. And the said John F. A. Sandford, in his own proper person, comes and says that this court ought not to have or take further cognizance of the action aforesaid, because he says that said cause of action, and each and every of them, (if any such have ac- crued to the said Dred Scott,) accrued to the said Dred Scott out of the jurisdiction of this court, and exclusively within the jurisdiction of the courts of the State of Missouri, for that, to wit : the said plain- tin , Dred Scott, is not a citizen of the State of Mis- souri, as alleged in his declaration, because he is a negro of African descent ; his ancestors were of pure African blood, and were brought into this country and sold as negro slaves, and this the said Sandford is ready to verify. "Wherefore he prays judgment whether this court can or will take further cogni- zance of the action aforesaid. JOHN F. A. SANDFOBD. NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. To this plea there was a demurrer in the usual form, which was argued in April, 1854, when the court gave judgment that the demurrer should be sustained. In May, 1854, the defendant, in pursuance of an agreement between counsel, and with the leave of the court, pleaded in bar of the action : 1. Not guilty. 2. That the plaintiff was a negro slave, the law- ful property of the defendant, and, as such, the de- fendant gently laid his hands upon him, and thereby had only restrained him, as the defendant had a right to do. 3. That with respect to the wife and daughters of the plaintiff, in the second and third counts of the declaration mentioned, the defendant had, as to them, only acted in the same manner, and in virtue of the same legal right. In the first of these pleas, the plaintiff joined issue ; and to the second and third filed replications alleging that the defendant, of his own wrong and without the cause in his second and third pleas alleged, committed the trespasses, etc. The counsel then filed the following agreed state- ment of facts, viz.: In the year 1834, the plaintiff was a negro slave belonging to Dr. Emerson, who was a surgeon in the THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. army of the United States. In that year, 1834, said Dr. Emerson took the plaintiff from the State of Missouri to the military post at Rock Island in the State of Illinois, and held him there as a slave until the month of April or May, 1836. At the time last mentioned, said Dr. Emerson removed the plantiff from said military post at Hock Island to the mili- tary post at Fort Snelling, situate on the west bank of the Mississippi river, in the Territory known as Upper Louisiana, acquired by the United States of France, and situate north of the latitude of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes north, and north of the State of Missouri. Said Dr. Emerson held the plaintiff in slavery at said Fort Snelling, from said last-men- tioned date until the year 1838. In the year 1835, Harriet, who is named in the second count of the plaintiff's declaration, was the negro slave of Major Taliaferro, who belonged to the army of the United States. In that year, 1835, said Major Taliaferro took said Harriet to said Fort Snelling, a military post, situated as hereinbefore stated, and kept her there as a slave until the year 1836, and then sold and delivered her as a slave at said Fort Snelling unto the said Dr. Em- erson hereinbefore named. Said Dr. Emerson held said Harriet in slavery at said Fort Snelling until the year 1838. 150 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK In the year 1836, the plaintiff and said Harriet, at said Fort Snelling, with the consent of said Dr. Emerson, who then claimed to be their master and owner, intermarried, and took each other for hus- band and wife. Eliza and Lizzie, named in the third count of the plaintiff's declaration, are the fruit of that marriage. Eliza is about fourteen years old, and was born on board the steamboat Gipsey, north of the north line of the State of Missouri, and upon the river Mississippi. Lizzie is about seven years old, and was born in the State of Missouri, at the mili- tary post called Jefferson Barracks. In the year 1838, said Dr. Emerson removed the plaintiff and said Harriet and their said daughter Eliza, from said Fort Snelling to the State of Mis- souri, where they have ever since resided. Eefore the commencement of this suit, said Dr. Emerson sold and conveyed the plaintiff, said Har- riet, Eliza, and Lizzie, to the defendant, as slaves, and the defendant has ever since claimed to hold them and each of them as slaves. At the times mentioned in the plaintiff's declara- tion, the defendant claiming to be owner as aforesaid, laid his hands upon said plaintiff, Harriet, Eliza, and Lizzie, and imprisoned them, doing in this respect, however, no more than what he might lawfully do if they were of right his slaves at such times. THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 151 Further proof may be given on the trial for either party. It is agreed that Dred Scott brought suit for his freedom in the Circuit Court of St. Louis county ; that there was a verdict and judgment in his favor ; that on a writ of error to the Supreme Court, the judgment below was reversed, and the same re- manded to the Circuit Court, where it has been con- tinued to await the decision of this case. In May, 1854, the cause went before a jury, who found the following verdict, viz.: "As to the first issue joined in this case, we of the jury find the de- fendant not guilty ; and as to the issue secondly above joined, we of the jury find that before and at the time when, &c., in the first count mentioned, the said Dred Scott was a negro slave, the lawful property of the defendant ; and as to the issue thirdly above joined, we, the jury, find that before and at the time when, &c., in the second and third counts mentioned, the said Harriet, wife of said Dred Scott, and Eliza and Lizzie, the daughters of the said Dred Scott, were negro slaves, the lawful property of the defendant." Whereupon the court gave judgment for the de- fendant. After an ineffectual motion for a new trial, the plaintiff filed the following bill of exceptions. On the trial of this cause by the jury, the plain- 152 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. tiff, to maintain the issues on his part, read to the jury the following agreed statraent of facts, (see agreement above.) No farther testimony was given to the jury by either party. Thereupon the plaintiff moved the court to give to the jury the following instruction, viz.: " That upon the facts agreed to by the parties, they ought to find for the plaintiff. The court re- fused to give such instruction to the jury, and the plaintiff, to such refusal, then and there duly ex- cepted." The court then gave the following instruction to the jury, on motion of the defendant : " The jury are instructed, that upon the facts in this case, the law is with the defendant." The plaintiff excepted to this instruction. Upon these exceptions, the case came up to this court. It was argued at December term, 1855, and or- dered to be reargued at the present term. The opinion of the court, as delivered by Chief Justice Taney, being so lengthy, we omit all but the summing up, to wit : Upon the whole, therefore, it is the judgment of this court, that it appears by the record before us, that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen of Missouri, in the sense in which that word is used in the Con- THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 153 stitution ; and that the Circuit Court of the United States, for that reason, had no jurisdiction in the case, and could give no judgment in it. Its judg- ment for the defendant must, consequently, be reversed, and a mandate issued, directing the suit to be dismissed for want of jurisdiction. 154: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PKESIDENTS AND YIOE-PKESIDENTS OF THE UNITED STATES, WITH THE VOTE FOR EACH CANDIDATE FOB OFFICE. BEFORE THE REVOLUTION. FEBST CONGRESS, Sept. 5, 1774. Peyton Kan- dolph, of Yirginia, President. Born in Yirginia, in 1723, died at Philadelphia, Oct. 22, 1785. Charles Thomson, of Pennsylvania, Secretary. Born in Ireland, 1730, died in Pennsylvania, Aug. 16, 1824. SECOND CONGRESS, May 10, 1775. Peyton Kandolph, President. Eesigned May 24, 1775. John Hancock, of Massachusetts, elected his successor. He was born at Quincy, Mass., 1737, died Oct. 8, 1793. He was President of Congress until October, 1777. Henry Laurens, of South Carolina, President from Nov. 1, 1777, to Dec. 1778.- He was born at Charleston, S. C., 1724, died in South Carolina, Dec., 1792. John Jay, of New York, President from Dec. 10, PBESIDENTS AUD VICE-PRESIDENTS. 155 1778, to Sept. 27, 1779. He was born in New York City, Dec. 12, 1745, died at New York, May 17, 1829. Samuel Huntingdon, of Connecticut, President from Sept. 28, 1779, until July 10, 1781. He was born in Connecticut, in 1732, died 1796. Thos. McKean, of Pennsylvania, President from July 1781, until Nov. 5 } 1781. He was born in Pennsylvania, March 19, 1734, died at Philadelphia, June 24, 1817. John Hanson, of Maryland, President from Nov. 5, 1781, to Nov. 4, 1782. Elias Boudinot, of New Jersey, President from Nov. 4, 1782, until Feb. 4, 1783. He was bom at Philadelphia, May 2, 1740, died 1824. Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, President from Feb. 4, 1783, to Nov. 30, 1784. Born at Philadel- phia, 1744, died in the same city, Jan. 21, 1800. Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, President from Nov. 30, 1784, to Nov. 23, 1785. He was born in Virginia, 1732, died 1794. John Hancock, of Massachusetts, President from Nov. 23, 1785, to June 6, 1786. Nathaniel Gorham, of Massachusetts. President from June 6, 1786, to Feb. 2, 1787. He was born at Charlestown, Mass., 1738, died June 11, 1796. Arthur St. Clair, of Pennsylvania, President from Feb. 2, 1787, to Jan. 28, 1788. He was born in Edinburgh, Scotland, , died in 1818. Cyrus Griffin, of Virginia, President from Jan. 28, 1788, to the end of the Congress under the 156 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Confederation, March 3, 1789. He was born in England, 1748, died in Virginia, 1810. CINDER THE CONSTITUTION. 1789 to 1793. George Washington, of Virginia, inaugurated as President of the United States, April 30, 1789. He was born upon Wakefield estate, Virginia, Feb. 22, (llth old style,) 1732, died at Mount Vernon, Dec. 14, 1799. John Adams, of Massachusetts, Yice-President. Born at Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19, 1735, died July 4, 1826, near Quincy, Mass. ELECTORAL VOTE. Geo. Washington, 69 ; John Adams, 34 ; John Jay, New York, 9 ; E. H. Har- rison, Maryland, 6 ; John Rutledge, South Carolina, 6 ; John Hancock, Massachusetts, 4 ; Geo. Clinton, New York, 3 ; Sam'l Huntingdon, Connecticut, 2 ; John Milton, Georgia, 2 ; James Armstrong, Georgia, 1 ; Edward Telfair, Georgia, 1 ; Benj. Lincoln, Massachusetts, 1 Total, 69. -Ten States voted, Rhode Island, New York, and North Caro-" lina not voting, not having ratified the Constitution in time. 1793 to 1797. George Washington, President, inaugurated March 4, 1793. John Adams, Yice-President. ELECTORAL VOTE. Geo. Washington, 132 ; John Adams, 77 ; Geo. Clinton, 50 ; Thos. Jefferson, Yir- gia, 4; Aaron Burr, New York, 1. Total, 132. Fifteen States voted. PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 157 1797 to 1801. John, Adams President, inaugu- lated March 4, 1797. Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, Yice-President. Born at Shadwell, Yirginia, April 13, 1743, died at Monticello, Yirginia, July 4, 1826. ELECTORAL VOTE. John Adams, 71 ; Thomas Jefferson, 68 ; Thomas Pinckney, South Carolina, 59 ; Aaron Burr, 30 ; Sam'l Adams, Massachusetts, 15 ; Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut, 11 ; Geo. Clin- ton, 7; John Jay, 5 ; James Iredell, North Carolina, 3 ; George "Washington, 2 ; John Henry, Maryland, 2 ; S. Johnson, North Carolina, 2 ; Charles C. Pinckney, South Carolina, 1. Total 138. Sixteen States voting. 1801 to 1805. Thomas Jefferson, President, inaugurated March 4, 1801. Aaron Burr, of New York Yice-President. Born at Newark, N. J., Feb. 6, 1756, died at Staten Island, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1836. ELECTORAL VOTE. Thos. Jefferson, 73 ; Aaron Burr, 73; John Adams, 65 ; Chas. C. Pinckney, 64; John Jay 1. Total, 13. Sixteen States voting. There was no choice by the Electoral colleges, and the election was carried into the House of Represen- tatives, and upon the 36th ballot, ten States voted for Jefferson, four States for Aaron Burr, and two States in blank. Jefferson was declared to be elected President, and Burr Yice-President. The Constitu- tion was then amended, so that the Yice-President was voted for separately, instead of being the second on the vote for President. 158 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 1805 to 1809. Thomas Jefferson, President, inaugurated March 4, 1805. George Clinton, of New York, Yice-President. He was born in Ulster county, N. Y., 1739, died in Washington, D. C., April 20, 1812. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Thos. Jefferson 162 ; Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 14 Total, 176. Seven States voting. For Yice-President, George Clinton, 162; Eufus King, New York, 14 1809 to 1813. James Madison, of Yirginia, President, inaugurated March 4, 1809. He waa born March 16, 1751, in Prince George county, Ya., and died at Montpelier, Ya., June 28, 1836. George Clinton, of New York, Yice-President, until his death, April 20, 1812. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James Madi- Bon, 122 ; Geo. Clinton, 6 ; C. C. Pinckney, 47. Total, 175. Seventeen States voting. For Yice- President, George Clinton, 113 ; James Madison, 3 ; James Monroe, Yirginia, 3 ; John Langdon, New Hampshire, 9 ; Rufus King, New York, 47. 1813 to 1817. James Madison, of Yirginia, Presi- dent, inaugurated March 4, 1813. Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, Yice-President, until his death, Nov. 23, 1814. He was born at Marblehead, Mass., July 17, 1744, and died at Washington, D. C. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James Madi- son, 128 ; De Witt Clinton, New York, 89. Total, 217. Eighteen States voting. For Yice-President, Elbridge Gerry, 131 ; Jared Ingersoll, Pa., 86. PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 159 1817 to 1821. James Monroe, of Yirginia, Presi- dent, inaugurated March. 4, 1817. He was born in Westmoreland county, Ya., 1759, and died in New York, July 4, 1831. Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York, Yice-Presi- dent. Born June 21, 1774, at Fox Meadows, N. Y., and died at Staten Island, June 11, 1825. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James Monroe, 183 ; Eufus King, 34. Total, 221. Nineteen States voting. For Yice-President, Daniel D. Tompkins, 183; John Eager Howard, Maryland, 22; James Ross, Pennsylvania, 5 ; John Marshall, Yirginia, 4 ; Robt. Goodloe Harper, Maryland, 3. 1821 to 1825. James Monroe, President, inaugu- rated March 4, 1821. Daniel D. Tompkins, Yice-President. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James Monroe, 231 ; John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, 1. Total, 232. Twenty-four States voting. For Yice-Presi- dent, Daniel D. Tompkins, 218 ; Kichard Stockton, New Jersey, 8 ; Robert G. Harper, 1 ; Kichard Rush, Pennsylvania, 1 ; Daniel Rodney, Delaware, 1. 1825 to 1829. John Quincy Adams, of Massa- chusetts, President, inaugurated March 4, 1825. He was born at Quincy, Massachusetts, July 11, 1767, and died at Washington City, Feb. 23, 1848. John Caldwell Calhoun, of South Carolina, Yice- President. Born in Abbeville district, S. C., March 18, 1782, and died March 31, 1850, in Washington City. POPULAR VOTE. For President, John Quincy 160 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Adams, 105,321; Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 152,899; Win. H. Crawford, Georgia, 47,265; Henry Clay, Kentucky, 47,087. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President Andrew Jack- son, 99 ; John Quincy Adams, 84 ; TVm. H. Craw- ford, 41 ; Henry Clay, 37. Total, 261. Twenty- four States voting. There being no choice by the Electoral colleges, the vote was taken into the House of Representa- tives. Adams received the votes of thirteen States, Jackson seven, and Crawford four. John Quincy Adams was therefore declared elected President. For Yice-President, the Electoral vote was John C. Calhoun, South Carolina, 182 ; Nathan San- ford, New York, 30 ; Nathaniel Macon, Georgia, 24; Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 13; Martin Yan Buren, New York, 9 ; Henry Clay, Kentucky, 2. 1829 to 1833. Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee, President, inaugurated March 4, 1829. He was born in Mecklenburg county, N. C., March 15, 1767, and died at the Hermitage, Tenn., June 8, 1845. John Caldwell Calhoun, Yice-President, until his resignation, Dec. 28, 1832. POPULAR VOTE. For President, Andrew Jackson, 650,028 ; John Quincy Adams, 512,158. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Andrew Jack- son, 178 ; J. Q. Adams, 83. Total, 261. Twenty- four States voting. For Yice-President, John C. Calhoun, 171 ; Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, 83 ; Wm. Smith, South Carolina, 7. PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 161 1833 to 1837. Andrew Jackson, President, inaugurated March 4, 1833. Martin Yan Buren, of New York, Yice-Presi- dent. He was born at Kinderhook, N. Y., Dec. 5, 1782. POPULAR VOTE. For President, Andrew Jackson, 687,502 ; Henry Clay, 550,189 ; Opposition, (John Floyd, Virginia, and Wm. Wirt, Maryland,) 33,108. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Andrew Jack- son, 219 ; Henry Clay, 49 ; John Floyd, 11 ; Wm. Wirt, 7. Total 288. Twenty-four States voting. For Yice-President, Martin Yan Buren, 189 ; John Sergeant, Pennsylvania, 49 ; William Wilkins, Pennsylvania, 30 ; Henry Lee, Massachusetts, 11 ; Amos Ellin aker, Pennsylvania, 7. 1837 to 1841. Martin Yan Buren, President, inaugurated March 4, 1837. Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, Yice-Presi- dent. He was born in 1780, and died Nov. 19, 1850. POPULAR VOTE. For President, Martin Yan Buren, 762,149 ; Opposition, (Wm. H. Harrison, Hugh L. White, Daniel Webster, W. P. Mangum,) 736,736. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Martin Yan Buren, 170 ; Win. H. Harrison, Ohio, 73 ; Hugh L. White, Tennessee, 26 ; Daniel Webster, Massachu- setts, 14 ; W. P. Mangum, 11. Total, 294. Twenty- six States voting. For Yice-President, Richard M. Johnson, Ken- tucky, 147 ; Francis Granger, New York, 77 ; John Tyler, Yirginia, 47 ; Wm. Smith, Alabama, 23. 162 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 1841 to 1845 Wm. Henry Harrison, of Ohio, President, until his death, at "Washington, April 4, 1841. He was inaugurated March 4, 1841. He was born in Berkeley county, Ya., Feb. 9, 1773. John Tyler, of Virginia, Yice-President. He was born April, 1790, at Greenway, Charles City county, Ya. John Tyler, of Yirginia, became President by the death of W. H. Harrison. He took the oath of office April 6, 1841. POPULAR VOTE Nov. 1840. For President, Wm. Henry Harrison, 1,274,783; Martin Yan Buren, 1,128,702 ; James G. Birney, New York, (Abolition,) 7,609. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, W. H. Harri- son, 234; M. Yan Buren, 60. Total, 294. Twenty- six States voting. For Yice-President, John Tyler, 234; Eichard M. Johnson, 48 ; L. W. Tazewell, South Carolina, 11 ; James K. Polk, Tennessee, 1. 1845 to 1849. James Knox Polk, of Tennessee, President, inaugurated March 4, 1845. He was born in Mecklenburg county, North Carolina, Nov. 2, 1795, and died at Nashville, Tennessee, June 15, 1849. George Mifflin Dallas, of Pennsylvania, Yice- President. Born in Philadelphia, July 10, 1792. POPULAR VOTE. For President, James K. Polk, 1,335,834; Henry Clay, 1,297,033; James G. Birney, 62,290. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James K. Polk, PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 163 170; Henry Clay, 105. Total, 275. Twenty-six States voting. For Yice-President, George M. Dallas, 170; Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, 105. 1849 to 1853. Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana, President, inaugurated March 4, 1849. Born in Virginia, 1784, died in Washington City, July 9, 1850. Millard Fillmore, of 'New York, Yice-President. Born in Locke township, Cayuga county, N. Y., Jan. 7, 1800. Millard Fillmore, President, after the death of Zachary Taylor, July 9, 1850. He took the oath of office, July 10, 1850. POPULAR VOTE. For President, Zachary Taylor, 1,362,031; Lewis Cass, of Michigan, 1,222,445; Martin Yan Buren, (Free-Soil,) 291,455. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Zachary Taylor, 163 ; Lewis Cass, 127. Total, 290. Thirty States voting. For Yice-President, Millard FiUmore, 163 ; Wil- liam O. Butler, Kentucky, 127. 1853 to 1857. Franklin Pierce, of New Hamp- shire, President, inaugurated March 5, 1853. He was born at Hillsboro, N. H., Nov. 23, 1804. William R. King, of Alabama, Yice-President. He was born in North Carolina, April 7, 1786, died at Cahawba, Ala., April 18, 1853. POPULAR VOTE. For President, Franklin Pierce, 1,590,490; Winfield Scott, 1,378,589; John P. Hale, New Hampshire, (Abolition,) 157,296. 164 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. ELECTORAL VOTE.- For President, Franklin Pierce, 254 ; Winfield Scott of New Jersey, 42. Total, 296. Thirty-one States voting. For Vice President, Wm. E. King, 254 ; Wm. A. Graham, North Carolina, 42. 185T to 1861. James Buchanan, of Pennsyl- vania, President. He was born at Stony Batter, Franklin county, Penn., April 22, 1791. John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, Yice-Presi- dent. Born near Lexington, Kentucky, Jan. 21, 1820. POPULAR VOTE. For President, James Buchanan, Pemocratic.) 1,832,232; John C. Fremont, Cali- fornia, (Republican,) 1,341,514; Millard Fillmore, New York, (American,) 874,707. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James Bu- chanan, 174 ; John C. Fremont, 109 ; Millard Fill- more, 8. Total, 291. Thirty-one States voting. For Yice-President, John Breckenridge, 174 ; Wm. L. Dayton, New Jersey, 109 ; A. J. Donelson, Tennessee, 8. Total, 291. 1861 to 1865. Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois, President, inaugurated March 4, 1861. He was born near Muldraugh's Hill, Hardin county, Ky., Feb. 1809. Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, Yice-President. He was born at Paris, Oxford county, Me., Aug. 27, 1809. POPULAR VOTE. For President, Abraham Lin- coln, (Republican,) 1,857,610 ; Stephen A. Douglas, of Illinois, (Democratic,) 1,365,976 ; John C. Breck- PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 165 enridge, of Kentucky, (Democratic,) 847,953 ; John Bell, of Tennessee, (Constitutional Union,) 590,631. ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Abraham Lin- coln, 180; John C. Breckinridge, 72; John Bell, 39 ; Stephen A. Douglas, 12. Total, 291. Thirty- three States voting. For Yice-President, Hannibal Hamlin, Maine, 180; Joseph Lane, Oregon, 72; Edward Everett, Massachusetts, 39 ; Herschel Y. Johnson, Georgia, 12. 1865 to 1869. Abraham Lincoln, President, inaugurated March 4, 1865. Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, Yice-President. POPULAR VOTE. For President, Abraham Lincoln, (Republican,) 3,213,035; George B. McClellan, (Democrat,) 1,811,754. Upon the assassination of President Lincoln, April 14, 1865, Andrew Johnson, then Yice-Presi- dent, assumed the Presidency, and Lafayette S. Foster, of Norwich, Conn., President of the Senate, became Yice-President. 166 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. POPULAE NAMES OF STATES, Virginia, the Old Dominion. Massachusetts, the Bay State. Maine, the Border State. Ehode Island, Little Bhody. New York, the Empire State. New Hampshire, the Granite State. Vermont, the Green Mountain State. Connecticut, the Land of Steady Habits. Pennsylvania, the Keystone State. North Carolina, the Old North State. Ohio, the Buckeye State. South Carolina, the Palmetto State. Michigan, the Wolverine State. Kentucky, the Corn-Cracker. Delaware, the Blue Hen's Chicken. Missouri, the Puke State. Indiana, the Hoosier State. Illinois, the Sucker State. Iowa, the Hawkey e State. Wisconsin, the Badger State. Florida, the Peninsular State. Texas, the Lone Star State. POPULAR NAMES OF STATES. 167 Mississippi, the Bayou State. Louisiana, the Creole State. Tennessee, the Big Bend State. Arkansas, the Bear State. California, the Golden State. 168 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. NEUTKALITY LAW OF THE UNITED STATES, AS AMENDED AND APPBOVED BY OONGEESS, JULY 26, 1866. A Bill more effectually to preserve the neutral rela- tions of the United States. Be it enacted, <&c., That if any citizen of the United States shall, within the territory or jurisdic- tion thereof, accept and exercise a commission to serve a foreign prince, State, colony, district, or peo- ple in war by land or by sea against any prince, State, colony, district or people with whom the United States are at peace, the person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a -misdemeanor, and shall on conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not exceeding $2,000 and imprisonment not exceeding two years, or either, at the discretion of the Court in which such offender may be convicted. SEC. 2. And le it further enacted, That if any NEUTRALITY LAW. 169 person shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States enlist, or enter himself, or hire or retain another person to enlist or enter himself, or to go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United States, with intent to be enlisted or entered into the service of any foreign prince, State, colony, district or people as a soldier, or as a marine or seaman on board of any vessel-of-war, letter-of-marque or priva- teer, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction therefor be punished by fine not exceeding $1,000, and im- prisonment not exceeding two years, or either of them, at the discretion of the Court, in case such offender shall be convicted; provided that this act shall not be construed to extend to any subject or citizen of any foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, who shall transiently be within the United States, and shall be on board of any vessel of war, letter-of-marque or privateer, which, at the time of its arrival within the United States, was fitted and equipped as such, enlist or enter himself, and hire or retain another subject or citizen of the same foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, who is tran- siently in the United States, to enlist or enter himself to serve such foreign prince, State, colony, district or people, on board such vessel of war, letter-of-marque or privateer, if the United States shall then be at 170 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. peace with such foreign prince, State, colony, district or people. SEC. 3. And be it further enacted^ That if any person shall within the limits of the United States fit out and arm or attempt to fit out and arm, or pro- cure to be fitted out and armed, or shall knowingly be concerned in the furnishing, fitting out and arm- ing of any ship or vessel with intent that such ship or vessel shall be employed in the service of any for- eign prince, State, colony, district or people, to cruise or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens or property of any foreign prince, State, or any colony, district or people with whom the United States are at peace, or shall issue or deliver a commission within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States for any ship or vessel to the intent that she may be em- ployed as aforesaid, or shall have on board any per- son or persons who shall have been enlisted, or shall have engaged to enlist or serve or shall be departing from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions of this act, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding $3,000, and imprisonment not exceeding three years, or either of them, at the discretion of the Court in which such offender shall be convicted ; and every NEUTRALITY LAW. 171 such ship and vessel, with her tackle, apparel and furniture, together with all materials, arms, ammu- nition and stores which may have been procured for the building and equipment thereof, shall be foffeited to the United States of America. SEC. 4. And ~be it further enacted ', That it shall be lawful for any Collector of the Customs who is by law empowered to make seizures for any forfeiture incurred under any of the laws of Customs, to seize such ships and vessels in such places and in such manner in which the officers of the Customs are em- powered to make seizures under the law for the col- lection and protection of the revenue, and that every such ship and vessel, with the tackle, apparel and furture, together with all the materials, arms, ammu- nition and stores which may belong to or be on board such ship or vessel, may be prosecuted or condemned for the violation of the provisions of this act in like manner as ships or vessels may be prosecuted and condemned for any breach of the laws made for the collection and protection of the revenue. SEC. 5. And "be it further enacted. That if any person shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the United States, increase or augment, or procure to be increased or augmented, or shall knowingly be con- cerned in increasing or augmenting the force of any ship of war, or cruiser, or other armed vessel, which 172 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. at the time of her arrival within the United States was a ship of war, or cruiser, or armed vessel in the service of any. foreign prince, State, colony, district or pex>ple, or belonged to the subjects or citizens of any such prince, State, colony, district or people, the same being at war with any foreign prince, State, colony, district or people with whom the United States are at peace, by adding to the number of guns of such vessel, or by changing those on board of her for guns of a larger calibre, or by addition thereto of any equipment solely applicable to war, or shall have on board any person or persons who shall have enlisted, or engaged to enlist or serve, or who shall be departing from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions of this act ; every person so offend- ing shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction thereof be punished by fine or imprisonment, or either of them, at the discretion of the court in which such offender shall be convicted. SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the Dis- trict Courts shall take cognizance of all complaints, informations, indictments, or other prosecutions, by whomsoever instituted, in cases of captures made within the waters of the United States or within a marine league of the coasts or shores thereof. SEC. Y. And le it further enacted, That in every NEUTRALITY LAW. 173 case In which a vessel shall be fitted out and armed, or in which the force of any vessel of war, cruiser, or other armed vessel shall be increased or augmented, in every case of the capture of a ship or vessel within the jurisdiction or protection of the United States, as before defined, and in every case in which any pro- cess issuing out of any court of the United States shall be disobeyed or resisted by any person or per- sons having the custody of any vessel of war, cruiser or other armed vessel of any prince or State, or of any colony, district or people, or of any subjects or citizens of any foreign prince, State, or of any colony, district or people in any such case, it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such other person as he shall have empowered for that purpose to employ such part of the land and naval forces of the United States or of the militia thereof, for the purpose of taking of and detaining any such ship or vessel with her prize or prizes, if any, in order to the execution of the prohibition or penalties of this act, and to the restoring the prize or prizes in the cases in which restoration shall have been adjudged. SEC. 8. And "be it fuiher enacted, That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such person as he shall empower for that purpose, to employ such part of the land and naval forces of the United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall 174: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. be necessary to compel any foreign ship or vessel to depart the United States in all cases in which, by the laws of nations or the treaties of the United States they ought not to remain within the United States. SEC. 9. And "be it further enacted, That offences made punishable by the provisions of this act, com- mitted by citizens of the United States, beyond the jurisdiction of the Uuited States, may be prosecuted and tried before any court having jurisdiction of the offences prohibited by this act. SEC. 10. And fie it further enacted, That noth- ing in this act shall be so construed as to prohibit citizens of the United States from selling vessels, ships or steamers built within the limits thereof, or materials or munitions of war, the growth or product of the same, to inhabitants of other countries, or to Governments not at war with the United States : provided that the operation of this section of this act shall be suspended by the President of the United States with regard to any classes of purchases, when- ever the United States shall be engaged in war, or whenever the maintenance of friendly relations with any foreign nation may in his judgment require it. SEC. 11. And fie it further enacted, That noth- ing in the foregoing act shall be construed to prevent the prosecution or punishment of treason, or any NEUTRALITY LAW. 175 piracy or other felony defined by the laws of the United States. SEC. 12. And be it further enacted. That all acts and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of this act or inflicting any further or other penalty or forfeiture than are hereinbefore provided for. The acts forbidden herein are hereby repealed. 176 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES. STATES. 1850. 1860. Alabama 771,623 964,296 Arkansas 209,897 435,427 California 92,597 380,015 Connecticut 370, 792 460, 151 Delaware 91,532 112,218 Florida 87,445 140,439 Georgia 906,185 1,057,327 Illinois 851,470 1,711,753 Indiana 988,416 1,350,479 Iowa 192,214 674,948 Kansas 107,710 Kentucky 982,405 1,155,713 Louisiana 517,762 709,433 Maine 583,169 628,276 Maryland 583,034 687,034 Massachusetts 994,514 1,231,065 Michigan 397,654 749,112 Minnesota G,077 162,022 Mississipi 606,026 791,895 Missouri 682,044 1,173,317 New Hampshire 317,976 326,072 New Jersey 489,555 672,031 New York 3,097,394 3,887,542 North Carolina 869,039 992,667 Ohio 1,980,329 2,339,599 SLAVE POPULATION. 177 STATES. 1850. 1860. Oregon 12,093 52,464 Pennsylvania 2,311,786 2,906,370 Rhode Island 147, 545 174, 621 South Carolina 668,507 703,812 Tennessee 1,002,717 1,109,847 Texas 212,592 601,039 Vermont 314,120 315,116 Virginia 1,421,661 1,596,083 "Wisconsin 305,391 775,873 TEEMTOEIES, ETC. Colorado 34,197 Dakotah 4,889 Nebraska 28,842 Nevada 6,857 New Mexico 61,547 93,541 Utah 11,380 . 40,295 Washington 1,201 11,578 District of Columbia 51,687 75, 076 Total 23,191,876 31,429,891 SLAVE POPULATION IN THE U. S. IN 1860. STATES. 1850. 1860. Alabama 342,844 435,132 Arkansas. 47,100 111,104 Delaware 2,290 1,798 Florida 39,310 61,753 Georgia 381,682 462,230 Kentucky' 210,981 225,490 Louisiana 244,809 332,520 Maryland 90,368 87,188 Mississippi 309,878 436,696 Missouri 87,422 114,965 178 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. STATES. 1850. North Carolina .............. 288,548 South Carolina .............. 384, 984 Tennessee .................. 239,459 Texas ..................... 58,161 Virginia .................... 472,528 Nebraska (Territory) .......... Utah " .......... New Mexico " ........ 26 District of Columbia ......... 3,687 Total ........ 3,204,077 3,952,801 STATISTICS OF SLAVERY BEFORE THE REVOLUTION.. AMEBIOAN 8LAVEEY IN 1715. In the reign of George I., the ascertained popula- tion of the Continental Colonies was as follows : White Men. Negro Slaves. New Hampshire 9,500 150 Massachusetts 94,000 2,000 Rhode Island 7,500 500 Connecticut 46,000 1,500 New York 27,000 4,000 Pennsylvania 43,300 2,500 New Jersey 21,000 1,500 Maryland 40,700 9,400 Virginia 72,000 23,000 North Carolina 7, 500 3 , 700 South Carolina 6,250 10,500 Total 875,000 58,550 SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 179 SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. DELIVERED AT CHICAGO, MAT 1ST, 1861. MR. CHAIRMAN : I tliank you for the kind terms in which you have been pleased to welcome me. I thank the Committee and citizens of Chicago for this grand and imposing reception. I beg you to believe that I will not do you nor myself the injustice to believe this magnificent ovation is personal homage to myself. I rejoice to know that it expresses your devotion to the Constitution, the Union, and the flag of our country. (Cheers.) I will not conceal gratification at the uncontro- vertible test this vast audience presents that what political differences or party questions may have divided us, yet you all had a conviction that when the country should be in danger, my loyalty could be relied on. That the present danger is imminent, no man can conceal. If war must come if the bayonet must be used to maintain the Constitution I can 1.80 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. say before God *ny conscience is clean. I have struggled long for a peaceful solution of the difficulty. I have not only tendered those States what was theirs of right, but I have gone to the very extreme of magnanimity. The return we receive is war, armies marched upon our capital, obstructions and dangers to our navigation, letters of marque to invite pirates to prey upon our commerce, a concerted movement to blot out the United States of America from the map of the globe. The question is, Are we to maintain the country of our fathers, or allow it to be stricken down by those who, when they can no longer govern, threaten to destroy ? "What cause, what excuse do disunionists give us for breaking up the best Government on which the sun of heaven ever shed its rays ? They are dissatis- fied with the result of a Presidential election. Did they never get beaten before ? Are we to resort to the sword when we get defeated at the ballot box ? I understand it that the voice of the people expressed in the mode appointed by the Constitution must command the obedience of every citizen. They assume, on the election of a particular candidate, that their rights are not safe in the Union. "What evidence do they present of this ? I defy any man to show any act on which it is based. What act has SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 181 been omitted to be done ? I appeal to these assem- bled thousands that so far as the constitutional rights of the Southern States, I will say the constitutional rights of slaveholders, are concerned, nothing has been done, and nothing omitted, of which they can complain. There has never been a time from the day that Washington was inaugurated first President of these United States, when the rights of the Southern States stood firmer under the laws of the land than they do now ; there never was a time when they had not as good a cause for disunion as they have to-day. What good cause have they now that has not existed under every Administration ? If they say the Territorial question now, for the first time, there is no act of Congress prohibiting slavery anywhere. If it be the non-enforcement of the laws, the only complaints that I have heard have been of the too vigorous and faithful fulfilment of the Fugitive Slave Law. Then what reason have they? The slavery question is a mere excuse. The election of Lincoln is a mere pretext. The present secession movement is the result of an enormous con- spiracy formed more than a year since formed by leaders in the Southern Confederacy more than twelve mouths ago. 182 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. They use the Slavery question as a means to aid the accomplishment of their ends. They desired the election of a Northern candidate, by a sectional vote, in order to show that the two sections cannot live together. When the history of the two years from the Lecompton charter down to the Presidential election shall be written, it will be shown that the scheme was deliberately made to break np this Union. They desired a Northern Republican to be elected by a purely Northern vote, and then assign this fact as a reason why the sections may not longer live together. If the disunion candidate in the late Presi- dential contest had carried the united South, their scheme was, the Northern candidate successful, to seize the Capital last spring, and by a united South and divided North hold it. That scheme was defeated in the defeat of the disunion candidate in several of the Southern States. But this is no time for a detail of causes. The conspiracy is now known. Armies have been raised, war is levied to accomplish it. There are only two sides to the question. Every man must be for the United States or against it. There can be no neu- trals in this war ; only patriots or traitors. Thank God, Illinois is not divided on this ques- tion. (Cheers.) I know they expected to present a SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 183 united South against a divided North. They hoped in the Northern States, party questions would bring civil war between Democrats and Republicans, when the South would step in with her cohorts, aid one party to conquer the other, and then make easy prey of the victors. Their scheme was carnage and civil war in the North. There is but one way to defeat this. In Illinois it .is being so defeated by closing up the ranks. War will thus be prevented on our own soil. While there was a hope of peace, I was ready for any reasonable sacrifice or compromise to maintain it. But when the question comes of war in the cotton-fields of the South, or the corn-fields of Illinois, I say the farther off the better. We can not close our eyes to the sad and solemn fact that war does exist. The Government must be maintained, its enemies overthrown, and the more stupendous our preparations the less the bloodshed, and the shorter the struggle. But we must remember certain restraints on our action even in time of war. We are a Christian people, and the war must be prosecuted in a manner recognized by Christian nations. We must not invade Constitutional rights. The innocent must not suffer, nor women and children be the victims. Savages must not be let loose. But 184: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. while I sanction no war on the rights of others, I will implore my countrymen not to lay down their arms until our own rights are recognized. (Cheers.) The Constitution and its guarantees are our birth- right, and I am ready to enforce that inalienable right to the last extent. "We can not recognize seces- sion. Recognize it once, and you have not only dissolved government, bat you have destroyed social order upturned the foundations of society. You have inaugurated anarchy in its worst form, and will shortly experience all the horrors of the French Revolution. Then we have a solemn duty to maintain the Government. The greater our unanimity, the speedier the day of peace. "We have prejudices to overcome from the few short months since of a fierce party contest. Yet these must be allayed. Let us lay aside all criminations and recriminations as to the origin of these difficulties. When we shall have again a country with the United States flag floating over it, and respected on every inch of American soil, it will then be time enough to ask who and what brought all this upon us. I have said more than I intended to say. (Cries of " Go on.") It is a sad task to discuss questions so fearful as civil war ; but sad as it is, bloody and dis- astrous as I expect it will be, I express it as my SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 185 conviction before God, that it is the duty of every American citizen to rally round the flag of his country. I thank you again for this magnificent demonstra- tion. By it you show you have laid aside party strife. Illinois has a proud position United, firm, determined never to permit the Government to be destroyed. (Prolonged cheering.) 186 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S FIEST CALL FOE TEOOPS, APEIL 15TH, 1861. Whereas, the laws of the United States have been for some time past, and now are, opposed, and the execution thereof obstructed, in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals by law ; now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, Presi- dent of the United States, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have thought fit to call forth the Militia of*the several States of the Union to the aggregate number of 75,000, in order to suppress said combinations, and to cause the laws to be duly executed. The details for this object will be immediately communicated to the State authorities through the PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S CALL FOR TROOPS. 187 War Department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to favor, facilitate, and aid, this effort to maintain the honor, the integrity, and existence, of our national Union, and the perpetuity of popular govemrnent, and to redress wrongs already long enough endured. I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned to the forces hereby called forth will probably be to repossess the forts, places, and property which have been seized from the Union ; and in every event the utmost care will be observed, consistently with the objects aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any destruction of, or interference with property, or any disturbance of peaceful citizens of any part of the country ; and I hereby command the persons compos- ing .the combinations aforesaid, to disperse and retire peaceably to their respective abodes, within twenty days from this date. Deeming that the present condition of public affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, I do hereby, in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitu- tion, convene both houses of Congress. The Sena- tors and Representatives are, therefore, summoned to assemble at their respective chambers at twelve o'clock, noon, on Thursday, the fourth day of July next, then and there to consider and determine such measures as, in their wisdom, the public safety and interest may seem to demand. 188 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the City of "Washington, this fifteenth day of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independ- ence of the United States the eighty-fifth. ABEAHAM LINCOLN. J3y the President. WILLIAM H. SEWAKD, Secretary of State. TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED INTO SERVICE DURING THE REBELLION. THE various calls of the President for men were as follows : 1861, 3 months' men, ' . . . . 75,000 1861, 3 years' men, 500,000 1862, 3 years' men, . . .,."; . 300,000 1862, 9 months' men, . ". .' . . 300,000 1864, 3 years' men, February, . . . 500,000 1864, 3 years' men, March, . . . 200,000 1864, 3 years' men, July, . . .. 500,000 1864, 3 years' men, December, . . 300,000 Total, . . . 2,675,000 These do not include the militia that were brought into service during the various invasions of Lee's armies into Maryland and Pennsylvania. N. Y. f!H\MHER OF COMMERCE RESOLUTIONS. 189 KESOLUTIONS OF THE N, Y, CHAMBER OF COMMEEOE, SUSTAINING THE FEDERAL GOVEENMENT AND UEGING A STEIOT BLOCKADE OF SOUTHEEN POETS, APEIL 19TH, 1861. Whereas^ Our country has, in the course of events, reached a crisis unprecedented in its past history, exposing it to extreme dangers, and involv- ing the most momentous results ; and Whereas, The President of the United States has, by his Proclama- tion, made known the dangers which threaten the stability of Government, and called upon the people to rally in support of the Constitution and laws ; and Whereas, The merchants of New York, represented in this Chamber, have a deep stake in the results which may flow from the present exposed state of national affairs, as well as a jealous regard for the honor of that flag under whose protection they have extended the commerce of this city to the remotest part of the world ; therefore, 190 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Resolved, That this Chamber, alive to the perils which have been gathering around our cherished form of Government and menacing its overthrow, has witnessed with lively satisfaction the determina- tion of the President to maintain the Constitution and vindicate the supremacy of Government and law at every hazard. (Cheers.) Resolved^ That the so-called secession of some ot the Southern States having at last culminated in open war against the United States, the American people can no longer defer their decision between anarchy or despotism on the one side, and on the other liberty, order, and law under the most benign Government the world has ever known. Resolved, That this Chamber, forgetful of past differences of political opinion among its members, will, with unanimity and patriotic ardor, support the Government in this great crisis: and it hereby pledges its best efforts to sustain its credit and facili- tate its financial operations. It also confidently appeals to all men of wealth to join in these efforts. (Applause.) Resolved^ That while deploring the advent of civil war which has been precipitated on the country by the madness of the South, the Chamber is per- suaded that policy and humanity alike demand that it should be met by the most prompt and energetic N. Y. CHAMBER OF COMMEECE EESOLUTIONS. 191 measures ; and it accordingly recommends to Gov- ernment the instant adoption and prosecution of a policy so vigorous and resistless, that it will crush out treason now arid forever. (Applause.) Itesolved, That the proposition of Mr. Jefferson Davis to issue letters of marque to whosoever may apply for them, emanating from no recognized Gov- ernment, is not only without the sanction of public law, but piratical in its tendencies, and therefore deserving the stern condemnation of the civilized world. It cannot result in the fitting out of regular privateers, but may, in infesting the ocean with piratical cruisers, armed with traitorous commissions, to despoil our commerce and that of all other maritime nations. (Applause.) JResolved, That in view of this threatening evil, it is, in the opinion of this Chamber, the duty of our Government to issue at once a proclamation, warning all persons, that privateering under the commissions proposed will be dealt with as simple piracy. It owes this duty not merely to itself, but to other maritime nations, who have a right to demand that the United States Government shall promptly discoun- tenance every attempt within its borders to legalize piracy. It should, also, at the earliest moment, block- ade every Southern port, so as to prevent the egress and ingress of such vessels. (Immense applause.) 192 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. JResolved, That the Secretary be directed to send copies of these resolutions to the Chambers of Com- merce of other cities, inviting their co-operation in such measures as may be deemed effective in strengthening the hands of Government in this emergency. Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions, duly attested by the officers of the Chamber, be forwarded to the President of the United States. BLOCKADE RESOLUTIONS. Whereas, War against the Constitution and Gov- ernment of these United States has been commenced, and is carried on by certain combinations of indi- viduals, assuming to act for States at the South claiming to have seceded from the United States ; and Whereas, Such combinations have officially pro- mulgated an invitation for the enrollment of vessels, to act under their authorization, and as so-called " privateers," against the flag and commerce of the United States ; therefore, fiesolved, by the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York, That the United States Govern- ment be recommended and urged to blockade the ports of such States, or any other State that shall N. T. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE RESOLUTIONS. 193 join them, and that this measure is demanded for defence in war, as also for protection to the commerce of the United States against these so-called " priva- teers " invited to enrol under the ^authority of such States. Resolved, That the Chamber of Commerce of the State of New York pledges its hearty and cor- dial support to such measures as the Government of the United States may, in its wisdom, inaugurate and carry through in the blockade of such ports. 194: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. A PROCLAMATION, BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OP AMEBIOA, BLOCKADING THE 8OTTTHEBN POETS. Whereas an insurrection against the Government of the United States has broken out in the States of South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Missis- sippi, Louisiana, and Texas, and the laws of the United States for the collection of the revenue can not be efficiently executed therein conformably to that provision of the Constitution which requires duties to be uniform throughout the United States : And Whereas a combination of persons, engaged in such insurrection, have threatened to grant pre- tended letters of marque *to authorize- the bearers thereof to commit assaults on the lives, vessels, and property of good citizens of the country lawfully engaged in commerce on the high seas, and in waters of the United States : And Whereas an Executive Proclamation has BLOCKADE PROCLAMATION. 195 been already issued, requiring the persons engaged in these disorderly proceedings to desist therefrom, calling out a militia force for the purpose of repress- ing the same, and convening Congress in extraordi- nary session to deliberate and determine thereon : "Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, with a view to the same pur- poses before mentioned, and to the protection of the public peace, and the lives and property of quiet and orderly citizens pursuing their lawful occupa- tions, until Congress shall have assembled and deliberated on the said unlawful proceedings, or until the same shall have ceased, have further deemed advisable to set on foot a Blockade of the ports within the States aforesaid, in pursuance of the laws of the United States and of the laws of nations in such cases provided. For this purpose a compe- tent force will be posted so as to prevent entrance and exit of vessels from the ports aforesaid. If, therefore, with a view to violate such Blockade, a vessel shall approach, or shall attempt to leave any of the said ports, she will be duly warned by the Commander of one of the blockading vessels, who will endorse on her register the fact and date of such warning ; and if the same vessel shall again attempt to enter or leave the blockaded port, she will be cap- tured and sent to the nearest convenient port, for 196 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. such proceedings against her and her cargo as prize as may be deemed advisable. And I hereby proclaim and declare, that if any person, under the pretended authority of said States, or under any other pretence, shall molest a vessel of the United States, or the persons or cargo on board of her, such person will be held amenable to the laws of the "United States for the prevention and punishment of piracy. ABRAHAM LINCOLN. By the President. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. WASHINGTON, April 19, 1861. THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION; 197 THE EMANCIPATION PKOOLAMATION. BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEEIOA. WHEREAS, on the twenty-second day of Septem- ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun- dred and sixty-two, a Proclamation was issued by the President of the United States, containing among other things the following, to wit : " That on the first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty- three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or designated part of a State, the people whereof shall then be in rebellion against the United States, shall be then, thenceforth and FOREVER FREE, and the Executive Government of the United States, includ- ing the military and naval authorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons, and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or any of them, in any efforts they may make for their actual freedom. "That the Executive will, on the first day of 198 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. January aforesaid, by proclamatioD, designate the States and parts of States, if any, in which the people thereof respectively shall then be in rebellion against the United States, and the fact that any State, or the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith represented in- the Congress of the United States by members chosen thereto at elections wherein a ma- jority of the qualified voters of such State shall have participated, shall, in the absence of strong counter- vailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence that such State and the people thereof are not then in rebellion against the United States." Now, therefore, I, ABEAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States, by virtue of the power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy of the United States in time of actual armed rebellion against the authority and government of the United States, and as a fit and necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion, do, on this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly proclaim for the full period of one hundred days from the day of the first above mentioned order, and designate, as the States and parts of States wherein the people thereof respectively are this day in rebel- lion against the United States, the following, to wit : THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 199 AEKANSAS, TEXAS, LOUISIANA, (except the Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St. John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption, Terre Bonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and Orleans, including the City of Orleans), MISSIS- SIPPI, ALABAMA, FLOEIDA, GEOKGIA, SOUTH CAEOLINA, NOETH CAEOLESTA, and YIEGINIA (except the forty-eight counties desig- nated as West Virginia, and also the counties of Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City, York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which ex- cepted parts are, for the present, left precisely as if this Proclamation were not issued. And by virtue of the power and for the purpose aforesaid, I do order and declare that ALL PEESONS HELD AS SLAVES within said designated States and parts of States ABE, AND HENCEFORWARD SHALL BE FEEE ! and that the Executive Goyernment of the United States, including the military and naval au- thorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the freedom of said persons. And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared to be free, to abstain from all violence, unless in necessary self-defence, and I recommend to them that in all cases, when allowed, they labor faithfully for reasonable wages. 200 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. And I further declare and make known that such persons of suitable condition will be received into the armed service of the United States to garrison forts, positions, stations and other places, and to man vessels of all sorts in said service. And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon military necessity, I invoke the considerate judg- ment of mankind and the gracious favor of Al- mighty God. In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my name, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington, this first day of January, in the year of our Lord one [L. B.] thousand eight hundred and sixty-three, and of the Independence of the United States the eighty-seventh. ABKAHAM LINCOLN. By the President. WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. THE CONFISCATION ACT. 203 THE CONFISCATION ACT. TO CONFISCATE PBOPEBTY USED FOB INSUBKEOTIONABY PUEPOSES. Be it enacted, etc.. That if, during the present or any future insurrection against the Government of the United States, after the President of the United States shall have declared, by proclamation, that the laws of the United States are opposed, and the exe- cution thereof obstructed, by combinations too pow- erful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the marshals by law, any person or persons, his, her, or their agent, attorney, or employee, shall purchase or acquire, sell or give any property of whatsoever kind or description, with intent to use or employ the same, or suffer the same to be used or employed, in aiding, abetting, or promoting such insurrection or resistance to the laws, or any person or persons en- gaged therein ; or if any person or persons, being the 202 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. owner or owners of any such property, shall know- ingly use or employ, or consent to the use or employ- ment of the same as aforesaid, all such property is hereby declared to be lawful subject of prize and capture wherever found ; and it shall be the duty of the President of the United States to cause the same to be seized, confiscated, and condemned. SEC. 2. Such prizes and capture shall be con- demned in the district or circuit court of the United States, having jurisdiction of the amount, or in admi- ralty in any district in which the same may be seized, or into which they may be taken and proceedings first instituted. SEC. 3. The Attorney-General, or any district attorney of the United States in which said property may at the time be, may institute the proceedings of condemnation, and in such case they shall be wholly for the benefit of the United States ; or any person may file an information with such attorney, in which case the proceedings shall be for the use of such in- former and the United States in equal parts. SEC. 4. Whenever hereafter, during the present insurrection against the Government of the United States, any person claimed to be held to labor or ser- vice under the law of any State, shall be required or permitted by the person to whom such labor or ser- vice is claimed to be due, or by the lawful agent of THE CONFISCATION ACT. 203 such persons, to take up arms against the United States, or shall be required or permitted by the per- son to whom such labor or service is claimed to be due, or his lawful agent, to work or to be employed in or upon any fort, navy yard, dock, armory, ship, intrenchment, or in any military or naval service whatsoever, against the Government and lawful au- thority of the United States, then, and in every such case, the person to whom such labor or service is claimed to be due, shall forfeit his claim to such labor, any law of the State or of the United States to the contrary notwithstanding. And whenever thereafter the person claiming such labor or service shall seek to enforce his claim, it shall be a full and sufficient answer to such claim that the person whose service or labor is claimed had been employed in the hostile se-rvice against the Government of the United States, contrary to the provisions of this act. 204 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. FIEST INAUGUBAL ADDEESS OF PEESIDENT LINCOLN MABOH 4TH, 1861. ' Fellow- Citizens of the United States : In compliance with a custom as old as the Gov- ernment itself, I appear before you to address you briefly, and to take, in your presence, the oath pre- scribed by the Constitution of the United States to be taken by the President, before he enters on the execution of his office. I do not consider it necessary, at present, for me to discuss those matters of administration about which there is no special anxiety or excitement. Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the Southern States, that, by the accession of a Repub- lican Administration, their property and their peace INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 205 and personal security are to be endangered. There has never been any reasonable cause for such appre- hension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the contrary has all the while existed, and been open to their inspection. It is found in nearly all the pub- lished speeches of him who now addresses you. I do but quote from one of those speeches, when I declare that " I have no purpose, directly or indi- rectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in the States where it exists." I believe I have no lawful right to do so ; and I have no inclination to do so. Those who nominated and elected me, did so with the full knowledge that I had made this, and made many similar declarations, and had never re- canted them. And, more than this, they placed in the platform, for my acceptance, and as a law to themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolu- tion which I now read : "Resolved, That the maintenance inviolate of the rights of the States, and especially the right of each State to order and control its own domestic institu- tions according to its own judgment exclusively, is essential to that balance of power on which the per- fection and endurance of our political fabric depend ; and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter under what pretext, as among the gravest of crimes." 206 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 1 now reiterate these sentiments ; and in doing so I only press upon the public attention the most con- clusive evidence of which the case is susceptible, that the property, peace, aiid security of no section are to be in anywise endangered by the now incoming Administration. I add, too, that all the protection which, consist- ently with the Constitution and the laws, can be given will be cheerfully given to all the States when lawfully demanded, for whatever cause, as cheerfully to one section as to another. There is much controvery about the delivering up of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as any other of its provisions : " No person held to service or labor in one State under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom such service or labor may be due." It is scarcely questioned that this provision was intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of what we call fugitive slaves ; and the intention of the lawgiver is the law. All members of Congress swear their support to the whole Constitution to this provision as well as INAUGURAL ADDBESS OF PRESIDENT L.tNCOLN. 207 any other. To the proposition, then, that slaves whose cases come within the terms of this clause " shall be delivered up," their oaths are unanimous. Now, if they would make the effort in good temper, could they not, with nearly equal unanimity, frame and pass a law by means of which to keep good that unanimous oath ? There is some difference of opinion whether this clause should be enforced by National or by State authority ; but surely that difference is not a very material one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it can be of but little consequence to him or to others by which authority it is done ; and should any one, in any case, be content that this oath shall go unkept on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it shall be kept ? Again, in any law upon this subject, ought not all the safeguards of liberty known in the civilized and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, so that a free man be not, in any case, surrendered as a slave ? And might it not be well at the same time to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause in the Constitution which guaranties that " the citi- zens of each State shall be entitled to all the privileges and immunities of citizens of the several States?" I take the official oath to-day with no mental 208 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. reservations, and with no purpose to construe the Constitution or laws by any hypercritical rules ; and while I do not choose now to specify particular acts of Congress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest that it will be much safer for all, both in official and private stations, to conform to and abide by all those acts which stand unrepealed, than to violate any of them, trusting to find impunity in having them held to be unconstitutional. It is seventy-two years since the first inaugura- tion of a President under our national Constitution. During that period fifteen different and very distin- guished citizens have in succession administered the executive branch of the government. They have conducted it through many perils, and generally with great success. Yet, with all this scope for pre- cedent, I now enter upon the same task, for the brief constitutional term of four years, under great and peculiar difficulties. A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore only menaced, is now formidably attempted. I hold that in the contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution, the Union of these States is per- petual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in the fundamental law of all national governments. It is safe to assert that no government proper ever had a provision in its organic law for its own terrain- INAUGURAL ADDEESS OF PBESEDENT LINCOLN. 209 ation. Continue to execute all the express provisions of our national Constitution, and the Union will endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it, except by some action not provided for in the instru- ment itself. Again, if the United States be not a government proper, but an association of .States in the nature of a contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably unmade by less than all the parties who made it? One party to a contract may violate it break it, so to speak; but does it not require all to lawfully rescind it ? Descending from these general principles we find the proposition that in legal contemplation the Union is perpetual, confirmed by the history of the Union itself. The Union is much older than the Constitution. It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association in 1774:. It was matured and continued in the Dec- laration of Independence in 1776. It was further matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States expressly plighted and engaged that it should be perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation, in 1778 ; and, finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to form a more perfect Union. But if the destruction of the Union by one or by a part only of the States be lawfully possible, the Union is less than before, 210 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the Constitution having lost the vital element oi perpetuity. It follows from these views that no State, upon its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the Union ; that resolves and ordinances to that effect, are legally void ; and that acts of violence within any State or States against the authority of the United States, are insurrectionary or revolutionary, accord- ing to circumstances. I therefore consider that, in view of the Consti- tution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and, to the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that the laws of the Union shall be faithfully executed in all the States. Doing this, which I deem to be only a simple duty on my part, I shall perfectly perform it, so far as is practicable, unless my rightful masters, the American people, shall withhold the requisition, or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary. I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will constitutionally defend and maintain itself. In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio- lence, and there shall be none unless it is forced upon the national authority. The power confided to me will oe used to hold, occupy, and possess the property and places belonging INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 211 to the Government^ and collect the duties and im posts ; but beyond what may be necessary for these objects there will be no invasion, no using of force against or among the people anywhere. Where hostility to the United States shall be so great and so universal as to prevent competent resi- dent citizens from holding the Federal offices, there will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers among the people that object. While the strict legal right may exist of the Government to enforce the exercise of these offices, the attempt to do so would be so irritating, and so nearly impracticable withal, that I deem it better to forego for the time the uses of such offices. The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be furnished in all parts of the Union. So far as possible, the people everywhere shall have that sense of perfect security which is most favorable to calm thought and reflection. The course here indicated will be followed, unless current events and experience shall show a modifica- tion or change to be proper ; and in every case and exigency my best discretion will be exercised accord- ing to the circumstances actually existing, and with a view and hope of a peaceful solution of the national troubles, and the restoration of fraternal sympathies and affections. 212 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. That there are persons, in one section or another, who seek to destroy the Union at all events, and are glad of any pretext to do it, I will neither affirm nor deny. ' But if there be such, I need address no word to them. To those, however, who really love the Union, may I not speak, before entering upon so grave a matter as the destruction of our national fabric, with all its benefits, its memories, and its hopes ? Would it not be well to ascertain why we do it ? Will you hazard so desperate a step, while any portion of the ills you fly from, have no real existence ? Will you, while the certain ills you fly to, are greater than all the real ones you fly from ? Will you risk the com- mission of so fearful a mistake ? All profess to be content in the Union if all constitutional rights can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any right, plainly written in the Constitution has been denied ? I think not. Happily the human mind is so consti- tuted, that no party can reach to the audacity of doing this. Think, if you can, of a single instance in which a plainly- written provision of the Constitution has ever been denied. If, by the mere force of numbers, a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly- written constitutional right, it might, in a moral pojjit of view, justify revolution ; it certainly would, INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 213 if such right were a vital one. But such is not our case. All the vital rights of minorities and of individu- als are so plainly assured to them by affirmations and negations, guaranties and prohibitions in the Consti- tution, that controversies never arise concerning them. But no organic law can ever be framed with a provision specifically applicable to every question which may occur in practical administration. !N"o foresight can anticipate, nor any document of reason- able length contain, express provisions for all possible questions. Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered by national or by State authorities ? The Constitu- tion does not expressly say. Must Congress protect slavery in the Territories ? The Constitution does not expressly say. From questions of this class, spring all our constitutional controversies, and we divide upon them into majorities and minorities. If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority must, or the government must cease. There is no alternative for continuing the government but acqui- escence on the one side or the other. If a minority in such a case, will secede rather than acquiesce, they make a precedent which in turn will ruin and divide them, for a minority of their own will secede from them whenever a majority refuses to be con- trolled by such a minority. For instance, why ot 214 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. any portion of a new confederacy, a year or two hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions of the present Union now claim to secede from it ? All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being educated to the exact temper of doing this. Is there such perfect identity of interests among the States to compose a new Union as to produce harmony only, and prevent renewed secession ? Plainly, the central idea of secession is the essence of anarchy. A majority held in restraint by constitutional check and limitation, and always changing easily with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sen- timents, is the only true sovereign of a free people. Whoever rejects it, does, of necessity, fly to anarchy or to despotism. Unanimity is impossible ; and the rule of a majority, as a permanent arrangement, is wholly inadmissible. So that, rejecting the majority principle, anarchy or despotism in some form is all that is left. I do not forget the position assumed by some that constitutional questions are to be decided by the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such decis- ions must be binding in any case upon the parties to a suit, as to the object of that suit, while they are also entitled to very high respect and consideration in all parallel cases by all other departments of the government ; and while it is obviously possible that INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 215 such decision may be erroneous in any given case, still the evil effect following it, being limited to that particular case, with the chance that it may be over- ruled and never become a precedent for other cases, can better be borne than could the evils of a different practice. At the same time the candid citizen must confess that if the policy of the government upon the vital questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevo- cably fixed by the decisions of the Supreme Court, the instant they are made, as in ordinary litigation between parties in personal actions, the people will have ceased to be their own masters, unless having to that extent practically resigned their government into the hands of that eminent tribunal. Nor is there in this view any assault upon the court or the judges. It is a duty from which they may not shrink, to decide cases properly brought before them ; and it is no fault of theirs if others seek to turn their decisions into political purposes. One section of our country believes slavery is right and ought to be extended, while the other believes it is wrong and ought not to be extended ; and this is the only substantial dispute; and the fugitive slave clause of the Constitution, and the law for the sup- pression of the foreign slave trade, are each as well enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a com- 216 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. munity where the moral sense of the people imper- fectly supports the law itself. The great body of the people abide by the dry legal obligation in both cases, and a few break over in each. This, I think, cannot be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in both cases after the separation of the sections than before. The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly suppressed, would be ultimately revived, without restriction, in one section ; while fugitive slaves, now only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered at all by the other. Physically speaking we cannot separate we can- not remove our respective sections from each other, nor build an impassable wall between them. A husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but the different sections of our country cannot do this. They cannot but remain face to face; and inter- course, either amicable or hostile, must continue between them. Is it possible, then, to make that intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory after separation than before? Can aliens make treaties easier than friends can make laws? Can treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens than laws can among friends ? Suppose you go to war, you cannot fight always ; and when, after much loss on both sides and no gain on either, you cease INAUGUKAL ADDBESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 217 fighting, the identical questions as to terms of inter- course are again upon you. This country, with its institutions, belongs to the people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow weary of the existing government, they can exercise their constitutional right of amending, or their revolu- tionary right to dismember or overthrow it. I can- not be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and patriotic citizens are desirous of having the national Constitution amended. While I make no recom- mendation of amendment, I fully recognize the full authority of the people over the whole subject, to be exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the instrument itself, and I should, under existing cir- cumstances, favor, rather than oppose, a fair oppor- tunity being afforded the people to act upon it. I will venture to add, that to me the convention mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments to originate with the people themselves, instead of only permitting them to take or reject propositions originated by others not especially chosen for the purpose, and which might not be precisely such as they would wish either to accept or refuse. I under- stand that a proposed amendment to the Constitution (which amendment, however, I have not seen) has passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Gov- ernment shall never interfere with the domestic 10 218 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. institutions of States, including that of persons held to service. To avoid misconstruction of what I have said, I depart from mj purpose not to speak of particular amendments, so far as to say that, holding such a provision to now be implied constitutional law, I have no objection to its being made express and irrevocable. The chief magistrate derives all his authority from the people, and they have conferred none upon him to fix the terms for the separation of the States. The people themselves, also, can do this if they choose, but the Executive, as such, has nothing to do with it. His duty is to administer the present gov- ernment as it came to his hands, and to transmit it unimpaired by him to his successor. Why should there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate justice of the people ? Is there any better or equal hope in the world? In our present differences is either party without faith of being in the right ? If the Almighty Ruler of nations, with his eternal truth and justice, be on your side of the North, or on yours of the South, that truth and that justice will surely prevail by the judgment of this great tribunal, the American people. By the frame of the Govern- ment under which we live, this same people have wisely given their public servants but little power for mischief, and have with equal wisdom provided INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 219 for the return of that little to their own hands at very short intervals. While the people retain their virtue and vigilance, no administration, by any ex- treme wickedness or folly, can very seriously injure the Government in the short space of four years. My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and well upon this whole subject. Nothing valuable can be lost by taking time. If there be an object to hurry any of you, in hot haste, to a step which you would never take deliber- ately, that object will be frustrated by taking time ; but no good object can be frustrated by it. Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the old Constitution unimpaired, and on the sensitive point, the laws of your own framing under it ; while the new administration will have no immediate power, if it would, to change either. If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied hold the right side in the dispute, there is still no single reason for precipitate action. Intelligence, patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our present difficulties. In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. 220 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. You can have no conflict without being your- selves the aggressors. You have no oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government ; while I shall have the most solemn one to " preserve, protect, and defend it." I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic cords of memory, stretching from every battle-field and patriot grave to every living heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels of our nature. THE BALANCE SHEET OF THE GOVERNMENT. THE BALANCE SHEET OP THE GOVERNMENT, BEFORE AND SINGE THE WAB, 1859 AND 1865. The receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1859, were as follows : From Customs $49,565,824 38 From Public Lands 1,756,687 30 From Miscellaneous Sources 2,082,559 33 From Treasury Notes. 9,667,400 00 From Loans 18,620,000 00 Aggregate resources for the year ending June 30, 1859 $88,090,787 11 Which amount was expended as follows : Civil, Foreign and Miscellan's. .$23,635,820 94 Interior (Indians and Pensions), 4,753,972 60 War Department 23,243,822 38 Navy Department 14,712,610 21 Public Debt 17,405,285 44 Total expenses for the year. $83,751,511 57 Balance in Treasury July 1, 1859 4,339,275 54 The receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1865, was $1,898,532,533 24, of which were received: From loans applied to expenses $864,863,499 17 From loans applied to Public Debt 607,361,241 68 From Internal Revenue 209,464,215 25 Expenditures for the year $1,897,674,224 09 War Department charged with 1,031,323,360 79 Balance in Treasury July 1, 1865 658,309 15 Total increase of Public Debt during the year 941,902,537 04 222 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S SECOND AND LAST INAUGUEAL ADDEESS, MAECH 4, 1865. FELLOW-COUNTRYMEN : At this second appearing to take the oath of the Presidential office, there is less occasion for an extended address than there was at the first. Then a statement, somewhat in detail, < f a course to be pursued seemed very fitting and proper. ISFow, at the expiration of four years, during which public declarations have been constantly called forth on every point and phase of the great contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses the energies of the nation, little that is new could be presented. The progress of our arms, upon which all else chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to myself, and it is, I trust reasonably satisfactory and encouraging to all. "With high hope for the future, no prediction in regard to it is ventured. LINCOLN'S LAST INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 223 On the occasion corresponding to this four years ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an im- pending civil war. All dreaded it ; all sought to avoid it. "While the inaugural address was being delivered from this place, devoted altogether to sav- ing the Union without war, insurgent agents were in the city seeking to destroy it without war seeking to dissolve the Union and divide the effects by nego- tiation. Both parties deprecated war, but one of them would make war rather than let the nation survive ; and the other would rather accept war than let it perish, and the war came. One-eighth of the whole population were colored slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All knew that this interest was somehow the cause of the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend this interest, was the object for which the insurgents would rend the Union even by war, while the Gov- ernment claimed no right to do more than to restrict the territorial enlargement of it. Neither party expected for the war the magni- tude or the duration which it has already attained, ^"either anticipated that the cause of the conflict might cease with, or even before the conflict itself should cease. Each looked for an easier tri- 224 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. umph, and a result less fundamental and astound- ing. Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same God ; and each invoke his aid against the other. It may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a just God's assistance in wringing their bread from the sweat of other men's faces ; but let us judge not, that we be not judged. The prayers of both could not be answered. That of neither has been an- swered fully. The Almighty has his own purposes. " Woe unto the world because of offences, for it must . must needs be that offences come ; but woe to that man by whom the offence cometh." If we shall suppose that American slavery is one of these offen- ces, which, in the providence of God, must needs come, but which, having continued through his appointed time, he now wills to remove, and that he gives to both North and South this terrible war as the woe due to those by whom the offence came, shall we discern therein any departure from those divine attributes" which the believers in a living God always ascribe to him? Fondly do we hope, fer- vently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war may soon pass away. Yet, if God wills that it con- tinue until all the wealth piled by the bondman's two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with 225 the lash, shall be paid with another drawn by the sword ; as was said three thousand years ago, so still it must be said, " The judgments of the Lord are true and righteous altogether." With malice toward none, with charity to all, with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in ; to bind up the nation's wounds ; to care for him who shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and his orphans ; to do all which may achieve and cher- ish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and with all nations. 226 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PBESIDENT LINCOLN'S PKOCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. AOOOMPAFTING THE TEESIDEOT's MESSAGE, DEOEMBEE 8, 1863. WHEREAS, in and by the Constitution of the United States, it is provided that the President " shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons for offences against the United States, except in cases of impeachment ;" and whereas a rebellion now exists whereby the loyal State governments oi several States have for a long time been subverted, and many persons have committed and are now guilty of treason against the United States ; and whereas, with reference to said rebellion and treason, laws have been enacted by Congress declaring forfeitures and confiscation of property and liberation of slaves, all upon terms and conditions therein stated ; and also declaring that the President was thereby author- ized at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to extend to persons who may have participated in the LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. 227 existing rebellion, in any State or part thereof, par- don and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such times and on such conditions as he may deem expe- dient for the public welfare ; and whereas the con- gressional declaration for limited and conditional pardon accords with well established judicial exposi- tion of the pardoning power; and whereas, with reference to said rebellion, the President of the United States has issued several proclamations with provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves ; and whereas it is now desired by some persons heretofore engaged in said rebellion to resume their allegiance to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State, governments within and for their respective States : Therefore, " I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United States, do proclaim, declare, and make known to all persons who have, directly or by implication, partici- pated in the existing rebellion, except as hereinafter excepted, that a full pardon is hereby granted to them and each of them, with restoration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, and in property cases where rights of third parties shall have" inter- vened, and upon the condition that every such person shall take and subscribe an oath, and thence- forward keep and maintain such oath inviolate ; and which oath shall be registered for permanent preser- 228 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Y vation, and shall be of the tenor and effect following, to wit : " I, , do solemnly swear, in presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully support, protect, and defend the Constitution of the United States, and the union of the States there- under ; and that I will in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during the existing rebellion with reference to slaves, so long and so far as not repealed, modified, or held void by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme Court ; and that I will, in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all proclamations of the Presi- dent made during the existing rebellion having reference to slaves, so long and so far as not modified or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court. So help me God." The persons excepted from the benefits of the foregoing provisions are, all who are, or shall have been, civil or diplomatic officers or agents of the so- called confederate government ; all who have left judicial stations under the United States to aid the rebellion ; all who are, or shall have been, military or naval officers of said so-called confederate govern- ment, above the rank of colonel in the army, or of lieutenant in the navy; all who left seats in the United States Congress to aid the rebellion ; all who LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. 229 resigned commissions in the Army or Navy of the United States, and afterwards aided the rebellion ; and all who have engaged in any way in treating colored persons, or white persons in charge of such, otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, and which persons may have been found in the United States Service as soldiers, seamen, or in any other capacity. And I do further proclaim, declare and make known, that whenever, in any of the States of Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and North Carolina, a number of persons', not less than one-tenth in number of the votes cast in such State at the presidential election of the year of our Lord 1860, each having taken the oath aforesaid, and not having since violated it, and being a qualified voter by the election law of the State existing immediately before the so-called act of secession, and excluding all others shall re-establish a State government which shall be republican, and in nowise contravening said oath, such shall be recognized as the true govern- ment of the State, and the State shall receive there- under the benefits of the constitutional provision which declares that " the United States shall guar- anty to every State in this Union a republican form of government, and shall protect each of them 230 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. against invasion ; and, on application of the Legisla- ture, or the Executive (when the Legislature cannot be convened), against domestic violence." And I do further proclaim, declare, and make known that any provision which may be adopted by such State government in relation to the freed people of such State, which shall recognize and declare their permanent freedom, provide for their education, and which may yet be consistent, as a temporary arrangement, with their present condition as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not be objected to by the National Executive. And it is suggested as not improper, that, in constructing a loyal State government in any State, the name of the State, the boundary, the subdivisions, the consti- tution, and the general code of laws, as before the rebellion, be maintained, subject only to the modifi- cations made necessary by the conditions hereinbefore stated, and such others, if any, not contravening said conditions, and which may be deemed expedient by those framing the new State government. To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to say that this proclamation, so far as it relates to State governments, has no reference to States wherein loyal State governments have all the while been maintained. And for the same reason, it may be proper to further say that whether members sent LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. 231 to Congress from any State shall be admitted to seats, constitutionally rests exclusive with the respective Houses, and not to any extent with the Executive. And still further, that this proclamation is intended to present the people of the States wherein the national authority has been suspended, and loyal State governments have been subverted, a mode in and by which the national authority and loyal State governments may be re-established within said States, or in any of them ; and, while the mode presented is the best the Executive can suggest, with his present impressions, it must not be understood that no other possible mode would be acceptable. Given under my hand, at the City of Washington, the 8th day of December, A. D. 1863, and of [L. s.] the independence of the United States of America the eighty-eighth. ABKAHAM LINCOLN. By the President. WM. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. 232 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. PBESIDENT JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PKOCLA- MATION. BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. Whereas, The President of the United States, on the 8th day of December, 1863, did, with the object of suppressing the existing rebellion, to induce all persons to lay down their arms, to return to their loyalty, and to restore the authority of the United States, issue proclamations offering amnesty and par- don to certain persons who had directly or by impli- cation, engaged in said rebellion ; and Whereas, Many persons who had so engaged in the late rebellion have, since the issuance of said proclamation, failed or neglected to take the benefits offered thereby ; and Whereas, Many persons who have been justly deprived of all claim to amnesty and pardon there- under, by reason of their participation directly or by implication in said rebellion, and continued in hos tility to the Government of the United States since JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PROCLAMATION 233 the date of said proclamation, now desire to apply for and obtain amnesty and pardon : To the end, therefore, that the authority of the Government of the United States may be restored, and that peace, and order, and freedom may be es- tablished, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the United States, do proclaim and declare, that I hereby grant to all persons who have directly or in- directly participated in the existing rebellion, except as hereafter excepted, amnesty and pardon, with res- toration of all rights of property, except as to slaves, except in cases where legal proceedings under the laws of the United States, providing for the confisca- tion of property of persons engaged in rebellion, have been instituted, but on the condition, nevertheless, that every such person shall take and subscribe to the following oath, which shall be registered, for permanent preservation, and shall be of the tenor and effect following, to wit : I do solemnly swear or affirm in presence of Almighty God, that I will henceforth support, pro- tect, and faithfully defend the Constitution of the United States, and will, in like manner, abide by and faithfully support all laws and proclamations which have been made during the existing rebellion with reference to the emancipation of slaves. So help me God. 234 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. The following classes of persons are excepted from the benefits of this proclamation. 1. All who are or have been pretended diplomatic officers, or otherwise domestic or foreign agents of the pretended Confederate States. 2. All who left judicial stations under the United States to aid in the rebellion. 3. All who have been military or naval officers of the pretended Confederate Government above the rank of colonel in the army, and lieutenant in the navy. 4. All who left their seats in the Congress of the United States to aid in the rebellion. 5. All who resigned or tendered the resignation of their commissions in the army and navy of the United States to evade their duty in resisting the rebellion. 6. All who have engaged in any way in treating otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, persons found in the United States service as officers, sol- diers, seamen, or in other capacities. 7. All persons who have been or are absentees from the United States for the purpose of aiding the rebellion. 8. All military or naval officers in the rebel ser- vice who were educated by the Government in the Military Academy at West Point, or at the United States Naval Academy. JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PROCLAMATION. 235 9. All persons who held the pretended offices of Governors of the States in insurrection against the United States. 10. All persons who left their homes within the jurisdiction and protection of the United States, and passed beyond the Federal military lines into the so-called. Confederate States for the purpose of aiding the rebellion. 11. All persons who have engaged in the de- struction of the commerce of the United States upon the high seas, and all persons who have made raids into the United States from Canada, or been engaged in destroying the commerce of the United States on the lakes and rivers that separate the British prov- inces from the United States. 12. All persons who, at a time when they seek to obtain the benefits hereof by taking the oath herein prescribed, are in military, naval or civil confinement or custody, or under bond of the military or naval authorities or agents of the United States as pris- oners of any kind, either before or after their con- viction. 13. All persons who have voluntarily participated in said rebellion, the estimated value of whose taxa- ble property is over twenty thousand dollars. 14. All persons who have taken the oath of am- nesty, as prescribed in the President's proclamation 236 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of December 8, 1863, or the oath of allegiance to the United States since the date of said proclamation, and who have not thenceforward kept the same inviolate ; provided, that special application may be made to the President for pardon by any person be- longing to the excepted classes, and such clemency will be extended as may be consistent with the facts of the case and the peace and dignity of the United States. The Secretary of State will establish rules and regulations for administering and recording the said amnesty oath, so as to insure its benefits to the people, and guard the government against fraud. In testimony whereof, I "have hereunto set my hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed. Done at the City of Washington, this the 29th day of May, 1865, and of the independence of America the 89th. A1STDEEW JOHNSON. By the President, WM. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State. A PEACE PROCLAMATION. 237 A PEACE PEOOLAMATION, ON the 20th of August, 1866, the President issued a proclamation announcing the return of peace and restoring the writ of habeas corpus in all the Southern States. Among the points made in this proclamation are the following : " There now exists no organized armed resistance of the misguided citizens or others to the authority of the United States in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, Yirginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ala- bama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida, and the laws can be sustained and enforced therein by the proper civil authority, State or Federal, and the people of the said States are well and loyally dis- posed, and have conformed, or will conform, in their legislation to the condition of affairs growing out of the amendment to the Constitution of the United 238 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. States prohibiting slavery within the jurisdiction of the United States. a # # # The p eO pi e o f the several before men- tioned States have, in the manner aforesaid, given satisfactory evidence that they acquiesce in this sov- ereign and important revolution of the national unity. " It is believed to be a fundamental principle of government that people who have revolted, and who have been overcome and subdued, must either be dealt with so as to induce them voluntarily to become friends, or else they must be held by absolute mili- tary power, or devastated so as to prevent them from ever again doing harm as enemies, which last named policy is abhorrent to humanity and freedom. " The Constitution of the United States provides for constitutional communities only as States, and not as territories, dependencies, provinces, or protec- torates. * * * Therefore, I, Andrew Johnson, Presi- dent of the United States, do hereby proclaim and declare that the insurrection which heretofore existed in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida is at an end, and henceforth to be so regarded." THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. CIVIL EIGHTS BILL, AS ADOPTED BY CONGRESS, MABCH, 1866. 1. That all persons in the United States, and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the United States ; and such citizens of every race and color, without regard to any previous condition of Slavery or involuntary service, except as a punish- ment for crime, whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall have the same right, in every State and Territory, to make and enforce contracts, to sue, to be sued, be parties and give evidence ; to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey personal property, and to full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings for the security of person and property as are enjoyed by white citizens ; and shall be subject to the like punishment, pains and penalties, and to none other ; any law, statute, ordi- MO NATIONAL II AND- BOOK. nance, regulation, or custom to the contrary not- withstanding. 2. And that any person who, under color of any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom, shall subject, or cause to be subjected, any inhabit- ant of any State or Territory to the deprivation of any right secured or protected by this act, or to pun- ishment, pains, and penalties, on account of such person having at any time been held in a condition of slavery, or involuntary servitude, except for the punishment of crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, or by the reason of his color or race, than is prescribed for the punishment of white persons, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the court. 3. That the district courts of the United States, within their respective districts, shall have, exclu- sively cf the courts of the several States, cognizance of all crimes and offences committed against the provisions of this act, and also, concurrently with the circuit courts of the United States, of all causes civil and criminal, affecting persons who are denied, or can not enforce in the courts of judicial tribunal of the State or locality where they may be, any of THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 241 the rights secured to them by the first section of this act ; and if any suit or prosecution, civil or criminal, has been, or shall be commenced in any State court against any such person, for any cause whatsoever, civil or military, or any other person, any arrest or imprisonment, trespasses, or wrong done or com- mitted by virtue or under color of authority derived from this act, or the act establishing a bureau for the relief of freedmen and refugees, and all acts amenda- tory thereof, or for refusing to do any act, upon the ground that it would be inconsistent with this act, such defendant shall have the right to remove such cause for trial to the proper district or circuit court, in the manner prescribed by the act relating to habeas corpus, and regulating judicial proceedings in certain cases, approved March 3, 1863, and all acts amenda- tory thereto. The jurisdiction in civil and criminal matters hereby conferred on the district and circuit courts of the United States shall be exercised and enforced, in conformity with the laws of the United States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the same into effect; but in all cases where such laws are not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the pro- visions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and punish offences against the law, the common law, as modified and changed by the Constitution and statutes of the State wherein the court having juris- 2-1:2 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. diction of the cause, civil or criminal, is held, so far as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution, and laws of the United States, shall be extended, and govern the said courts in the trial and disposition of such causes, and, if of a criminal nature, in the infliction of punishment on the party found guilty. 4-. That the district attorneys, marshals, and deputy marshals, of the United States, the commis- sioners appointed by the circuit and territorial courts of the United States, with power of arresting, impris- oning, or bailing offenders against the laws of the United States, the officers and agents 'of the Freed- men's Bureau, and every other officer who may be specially empowered by the President of the United States, shall be, and they are, hereby specially authorized and required, at the expense of the United States, to institute proceedings against all and every person who shall violate the provisions of this act, and cause him or them to be arrested and imprisoned, or bailed, as the case may be, for trial before such of the United States or territorial courts as by this act have cognizance of the offence, and, with a view to affording reasonable protection to all persons in their constitutional rights of equality before the law, with- out distinction of race or color, or previous condition of slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a pun- ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 243 duly convicted, and the prompt discharge of the duties of this act, it shall be the duty of the circuit courts of the United States and the superior courts of the territories of the United States, from time to time, to increase the number of Commissioners, so as to afford a speedy and convenient means for the arrest and examination of persons charged with a violation of this act. 5. That said Commissioners shall have concur- rent jurisdiction with the judges of the circuit and district courts of the United States, and the judges of the superior courts of the territories, severally and collectively, in term time and vacation, upon satis* factory proof being made, to issue warrants and precepts for arresting and bringing before them all offenders against the provisions of this act, and, on examination, to discharge, admit to bail, or commit them for trial, as the facts may warrant. 6. And such Commissioners are hereby author- ized and required to exercise and discharge all the powers and duties conferred on them by this Act, and the same duties with regard to offences created by this act, as they are authorized by law to exercise with regard to other offences against the laws of the United States. That it shall be the duty of all mar- shals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all warrants and precepts issued under the provisions of 2M NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. this act when to them directed, and should any mar- shal or deputy marshal refuse to receive such war- rant or other process, when tendered, or to use all proper means diligently to execute the same, he shall on conviction thereof be fined in the sum of one thousand dollars, to the use of the person upon whom the accused is alleged to have committed the offence ; and the better to enable the said Commis- sioners to execute their duties faithfully and effi- ciently, in conformity with the Constitution of the United States, and the requirements of this act, they are hereby authorized and empowered, within their counties respectively, to appoint, in writing under their hands, one or more suitable persons, from time to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro- cess as may be issued by them in the lawful perform- ance of their respective duties, and the person so appointed to execute any warrant or process as afore- said shall have authority to summon and call to their aid the bystanders of & posse comitatus of the proper county, or such portion of the land or naval forces of the United States, or of the militia, as may be neces- sary to the performance of the duty with which they are charged, and to insure a faithful observance of the clause of the Constitution which prohibits slavery, in conformity with the provisions of this act; and said warrants shall run and bo executed by THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 245 said officers anywhere in the State or Territory within which they are issued. 7. That any person who shall knowingly and wrongfully obstruct, hinder or prevent any officer or other person charged with the execution of any war- rant or process issued under the provisions of this act, or any person or persons lawfully assisting him or them, from arresting any person for whose apprehen- sion such warrant or process may have been issued ; or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such person from the custody of the officer, other person or per- sons, or those lawfully assisting, as aforesaid, when so arrested, pursuant to the authority herein given and declared ; or shall aid, abet or assist any person so arrested as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to escape from the custody of the officer or other per- sons legally authorized, as aforesaid, or shall harbor or conceal any person for whom a warrant or process shall have been issued as aforesaid, so as to prevent his discovery and arrest after notice of knowledge of the fact that a warrant has been issued for the appre- hension of such person, shall for either of said offences be subject to a fine not exceeding one thou- sand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six months, by indictment before the district court of the United States for the district in which said offence may have been committed, or before the proper court 246 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of criminal jurisdiction, if committed within any onu of the organized Territories of the United States. 8. That the district attorneys, the marshals, their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the like fees as may be allowed to them for similar services in other cases j and in all cases where the proceedings are before a Commissioner he shall be entitled to a fee of ten dollars in full for his services in each case, inclusive of all services incident to such arrest and examination. The person or persons authorized to execute the process to be issued by such Commissioners for the arrest of offenders against the provisions of this act, shall be entitled to a fee of five dollars for each person he or they may arrest and take before any such Commissioner, as aforesaid, with such other fees as may be deemed reasonable by such Commissioner for such other additional services as may be necessarily performed by him or them such as attending at the examination, keeping the prisoner in custody, and providing food and lodgings during his detention and until the final determina- tion of such Commissioner, and in general for per- forming such other duties as may be required in the premises, such fees to be made up in conformity with the fees usually charged by the officers of the court of justice, within the proper district 'or county, as THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 247 near as practicable, and paid out of the Treasury of the United States, on the certificate of the district within which the arrest is made, and to be recover- able from the defendant as part of the judgment in case of conviction. 9. That whenever the President of the United States shall have reason to believe that offences have been or are likely to be committed against the pro- visions of this act within any judicial district, it shall be lawful for him, in his discretion, to direct the judge, marshal and district attorney of such district to attend at such place within the district and for such time as he may designate, for the purpose of the more speedy arrest and trial of persons charged with the violation of this act ; and it shall be the duty of every judge or other officer, when any such requisition shall be received by him, to attend at the place and for the time therein designated. 10. That it shall be lawful for the President of the United States, or such persons as he may empower for that purpose, to employ such part of the land or naval forces of the United States, or of the militia, as shall be necessary to prevent the vio- lation and enforce the due execution of this act. 11. That upon all questions of law arising in any cause under the provisions of this act, a final appeal may be taken to the supreme court of the United States. 248 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. FKEEDMEFS BUKEAU BILL, AS AMENDED AND APPEOVED BY THE XXXIXTH CONGBESS. AN ACT to continue in force and to amend "An act to estab- lish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees," and for other purposes. Be it enacted lyy the Senate and House of Rep- resentatives of the United States of America in Con- gress assembled. That the act to establish a Bureau for the Belief of Freedmen and Refugees, approved March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, shall continue in force for the term of two years from and after the passage of this act. 2. And oe it further enacted^ That the super- vision and care of said bureau shall extend to all loyal refugees and freedmen, so far as the same shall be necessary to enable them as speedily as practicable to become self-supporting citizens of the United States, and to aid them in making the freedom con- 24:9 ferred by proclamation of the cornrnander-in-chief, by emancipation under the laws of States, and by con- stitutional amendment, available to them and bene- ficial to the republic. 3. And l>e it further enacted r , That the Presi- dent shall, by and with the advice and consent of the Senate, appoint two assistant commissioners in addi- tion to those authorized by the act to which this is an amendment, who shall give like bonds and receive the same annual salary provided in said act, and each of the assistant commissioners of the bureau shall have charge of one district containing such ref- ugees or freedmen, to be assigned him by the Com- missioner, with the approval of the President. And the Commissioner shall, under the direction of the President, and so far as the same shall be, in his judgment, necessary for the efficient and economical administration of the affairs of the bureau, appoint such agents, clerks, and assistants as maybe required for the proper conduct of the bureau. Military offi- cers or enlisted men may be detailed for service and assigned to duty under this act ; and the President may, if in his judgment safe and judicious so to do, detail from the army all the officers and agents of this bureau ; but no officer so assigned shall have in- crease of pay or allowances. Each agent or clerk, not heretofore authorized by law, not being a mili- 250 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. tary officer, shall have an annual salary of not lesg than five hundred dollars, nor more than twelve hun- dred dollars, according to the service required of him. And it shall be the duty of the Commissioner, when it can be done consistently with public interest, to appoint, as assistant commissioners, agents, and clerks, such men as have proved their loyalty by faithful service in the armies of the Union during the rebellion. And all persons appointed to service under this act and the act to which this is an amend- ment shall be so far deemed in the military service of the United States as to be under the military juris- diction, and entitled to the military protection of the government while in discharge of the duties of their office. 4:. And l)e it further enacted, That officers of the Yeteran Reserve Corps or of the volunteer ser- vice, now on duty in the Freedmen's Bureau as assistant commissioners, agents, medical officers, or in other capacities, whose regiments or corps have been or may hereafter be mustered out ol service, may be retained upon such duty as officers of said bureau, with the same compensation as is now provided by law for their respective grades ; and the Secretary of War shall have power to fill vacancies until other officers can be detailed in their places without detri- ment to the public service. FKEEDMEN'S BUREAU BILL. 251 5. And 1)6 it further enacted, That the second section of the act to which this is an amendment shall be deemed to authorize the Secretary of War to issue such medical stores or other supplies and trans- portation, and afford such medical or other aid as may be needful *for the purpose named in said sec- tion: Provided, That no person shall be deemed "destitute," "suffering," or "dependent upon the government for support," within the meaning of this act, who is able to find employment, and could, by proper industry and exertion, avoid such destitution, suffering, or dependence. 6. "Whereas, by the provisions of an act ap- proved February sixth, eighteen hundred and sixty- three, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled 1 An act for the collection of direct taxes in insurrec- tionary districts within the United States, and for other purposes,' approved June seventh, eighteen hun- dred and sixty-two," certain lands in the parishes of Saint Helena and Saint Luke, South Carolina, were bid in by the United States at public tax sales, and by the limitation of said act the time of redemption of said lands has expired ; and whereas, in accord- ance with instructions issued by President Lincoln on the sixteenth day of September, eighteen hundred and sixty- three, to the United States direct tax com mission ers for South Carolina, certain lands bid in by 252 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the United States in the parish of Saint Helena, in said State, were in part sold by the said tax commis- sioners to " heads of families of the African race," in parcels of not more than twenty acres to each pur- chaser; and whereas, under the said instructions, the said tax commissioners did also set apart as " school farms " certain parcels of land in said parish, num- bered on their plats from one to thirty-three, inclu- sive, making an aggregate of six thousand acres, more or less: Therefore, be it further enacted. That the sales made to " heads of families of the African race," under the instructions of President Lincoln to the United States direct tax commissioners for South Carolina, of date of September sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-three, are hereby confirmed and established ; and all leases which have been made to such " heads of families," by said direct tax commis- sioners, shall be changed into certificates of sale in all cases wherein the lease provides for such substitu- tion; and all the lands JJGW remaing unsold, which come within the same designation, being eight thou- sand acres, more or less, shall be disposed of accord- ing to said instructions. 7. And ~be it further enacted, That all other lands bid in by the United States at tax sales, being thirty-eight thousand acres, more or less, and now in the hands of the said tax commissioners as |he prop- FKEEDMEN'S BUREAU BILL. 253 erty of the United States, in the parishes of Saint Helena and Saint Luke, excepting the " school farms," as specified in the preceding section, and so much as may be necessary for military and naval purposes at Hilton Head, Bay Point, and Land's End, and ex- cepting also the city of Port Royal, on Saint Helena island, and the town of Beaufort, shall be disposed of in parcels of twenty acres, at one dollar and fifty cents per acre, to such persons, and to such only, as have acquired and are now occupying lands under and agreeably to the provisions of General Sher- man's special field order, dated at Savannah, Georgia, January sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, and the remaining lands, if any, shall be disposed of in like manner to such persons as had acquired lands agreeably to the said order of General Sherman, but who have been dispossessed by the restoration of the same to former owners : Provided^ That the lands sold in compliance with the provisions of this and the preceding section shall not be alienated by their pur- chasers within six years from and after the passage of this act. 8. And l>e it further enacted^ That the " school farms " in the parish of Saint Helena, South Caro- lina, shall be sold, subject to any leases of the same, by the said tax commissioners, at public auction, on or before the first day of January, eighteen hundred 254 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. and sixty-seven, at not less than ten dollars per acre , and the lots in the city of Port Royal, as laid down by the said tax commissioners, and the lots and houses in the town of Beaufort, which are still held in like manner, shall be sold at public auction ; and the proceeds of said sales, after paying expenses of the surveys and sales, shall be invested in United States bonds, the interest of which shall be appropri- ated, under the direction of the Commissioner, to the support of schools, without distinction of color or race, on the islands in the parishes of Saint Helena and Saint Luke. 9. And l>e it further enacted. That the assistant commissioners for South Carolina and Georgia are hereby authorized to examine all claims to lands in their respective States which are claimed under the provisions of General Sherman's special field order, and to give each person having a valid claim a war- rant upon the direct tax commissioners for South Car- olina for twenty acres of land, and the said direct tax commissioners shall issue to every person, or to his or her heirs, but in no case to any assigns, pre- senting such warrant, a lease of twenty acres of land, as provided for in section 7, for the term of six years ; but at any time thereafter, upon the payment of a sum not exceeding one dollar and fifty cents per acre, the person holding such lease shall be entitled to a 255 certificate of sale of said tract of twenty acres from the direct tax commissioner or such officer as may be authorized to issue the same; but no warrant shall be held valid longer than two years after the issue of the same. 10. And ~be it further enacted, That the direct tax commissioners for South Carolina are hereby au- thorized and required at the earliest d*ay practicable to survey the lands designated in section 7 into lots of twenty acres each, with proper metes and bounds distinctly marked, so that the several tracts shall be convenient in form, and as near as practicable have an average of fertility and woodland; and the expense of such surveys shall be paid from the pro- ceeds of the sales of said lands, or, if sooner required, out of any moneys received for other lands on these islands, sold by the United States for taxes, and now in the hands of the direct tax commissioners. 11. And 'be it further enacted, That restoration of lands occupied by freedmen under General Sher- man's field order, dated at Savannah, Georgia, Jan- uary sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, shall not he made until after the crops of the present year shall have been gathered by the occupants of said lands, nor until a fair compensation shall have been made to them by the former owners of such lands or their legal representatives for all improvements or 256 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. betterments erected or constructed thereon, and after due notice of the same being done shall have been given by the assistant commissioner. 12. And ~be it further enacted, That the Com- missioner shall have power to seize, hold, use, lease, or sell all buildings and tenements, and any lands appertaining to the same, or otherwise, formerly held under color of title by the late so-called Confederate States, and not heretofore disposed of by the United States, and any buildings or lands held in trust for the same by any person or persons, and to use the same or appropriate the proceeds derived therefrom to the education of the freed people ; and whenever the bureau shall cease to exist, such of said so-called Confederate States as shall have made provision for the education of their citizens without distinction of color shall receive the sum remaining unexpended of such sales or rentals, which shall be distributed among said States for educational purposes in pro- portion to their population. 13. And be it further enacted, That the Com- missioner of this bureau shall at all times co-operate with private benevolent associations of citizens in aid of freedmen, and with agents and teachers, duly accredited and appointed by them, and shall hire or provide by lease buildings for purposes of education whenever such associations shall, without cost to the 257 government, provide suitable teachers and means of instructions ; and he shall furnish such protection as may be required for the safe conduct of such schools. 14. And be it further enacted. That in every State or district where the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has been interrupted by the rebellion, and until the same shall be fully restored, and in every State or district whose constitutional relations to the government have been practically discontinued by the rebellion, and until such State shall have been restored in such relations, and shall be duly repre- sented in the Congress of the United States, the right to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey real and personal property, and to have full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings concerning personal liberty, personal security, and the acquisition, enjoyment, and disposition of estate, real and personal, including the constitutional right to bear arms, shall be secured to and enjoyed by all the citizens of such State or district without respect to race or color, or previous condition of slavery. And whenever in either of said States or districts the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has been inter- rupted by the rebellion, and until the same shall be fully restored, and until such State shall have been restored in its constitutional relations to the govern- 258 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. inent, and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States, the President shall, through the Commissioner and the officers of the bureau, and under such rules and regulations as the President, through the Secretary of "War, shall prescribe, extend military protection and have military jurisdiction over all cases and questions concerning the free en- joyment of such immunities and rights, and no pen- alty or punishment for any violation of law shall be imposed or permitted because of race or color, or previous condition of slavery, other or greater than the penalty or punishment to which white persons may be liable by law for the like offence. But the jurisdiction conferred by this section upon the offi- cers of the bureau shall not exist in any State where the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has not been interrupted by the rebellion, and shall cease in every State when the courts of the State and of the United States are not disturbed in the peaceable course of justice, and after such State shall be fully restored in its constitutional relations to the govern- ment, and shall be duly represented in the Congress of the United States. 15. And le it further enacted, That all officers, agents, and employe's of this bureau, before entering upon the duties of their office, shall take the oath prescribed in the first section of the act to which this FREEDMEN'S BUREAU BILL. 259 is an amendment ; and all acts or parts of acts incon- sistent with the provisions of this act are hereby repealed. SCHUYLER COLFAX, Speaker of the House of Representatives. LAFAYETTE S. FOSTEK, President of Senate pro tempore. IN THB HOTTSE OF REPBESENTATIVES UNITED STATES, July 16, 1866. The President of the United States having returned to the House of Representatives, in which it originated, the Ibill entitled " An act to continue in force and to amend ' An act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees,' and for other purposes," with his objections thereto, the House of Representatives proceeded, in pursuance of the Con- stitution to reconsider the same ; and Resolved, That the said bill pass, two-thirds of the House of Representatives agreeing to pass the same. Attest: EDWARD MCPHERSON, Clerk House of Representatives of the United States. IN SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES, July 16, 1866. The Senate having proceeded, in pursuance of the Constitution, to reconsider the bill entitled " An 260 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. act to continue in force and to amend * An act to establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugess,' and for other purposes," returned to the House of Eepresentatives by the President of the United States, with his objections, and sent by the House of Representatives to the Senate with the mes- sage of the President returning the bill fiesolved, That the bill do pass, two-thirds of the Senate agreeing to pass the same. Attest : J. "W. FORNEY, Secretary of the Senate of the United States. PEOVOST MAESHAL-GENEBAL'S EEPOET. SHOWING THE NUMBER OF MEN ENLISTED, NUMBER OF KILLED, WOUNDED, AND DEATHS FEOM DISEASE, DURING THE REBELLION. WASHINGTON, D. C., Friday, April 27, 1866. THE following is a condensed summary of the results of the operations of this bureau, from its or- ganization to the close of the war. 1. By means of a full and exact enrollment of all persons liable to conscription, under the law of March 3 and its amendments, a complete exhibit of the military resources of the loyal States, in men, was made, showing an aggregate number of 2,254,063, not including 1,000,516 soldiers actually under arms, when hostilities ceased. 2. One million one hundred and twenty thousand six hundred and twenty-one men were raised, at an average cost (on account of recruitment exclusive of 262 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. bounties,) of $9.84 per man, while the cost of recruit- ing of 1,356,593 raised prior to the organization of the Bureau was $34.01 per man. A saving of over seventy cents on the dollar in the cost of raising troops was thus effected under this Bureau, notwith- standing the increase in the price of subsistence, transportation, rents, &c., during the last two years of the war. (Item: The number above given does not embrace the naval credits allowed under the eighth section of the act of July 4, 1864, nor credits for drafted men who paid commutation, the recruits for the regular army, nor the credits allowed by the Adjutant-General subsequent to May 25, 1865, for men raised prior to that date.) 3. Seventy-six thousand five hundred and twenty- six deserters were arrested and returned to the army. The vigilance and energy of the officers of the Bu- reau, in this line of the business, put an effectual check to the wide-spread evil of desertion, which, at one time, impaired so seriously the numerical strength and efficiency of the army. 4. The quotas of men furnished by the various parts of the country were equalized, and a propor- tionate share of military service secured from each, thus removing the very serious inequality of recruit- ment, which had arisen during the first two years of the war, and which, when the bureau was organized, PEOVOST MABSHALL-GENEEAL'S EEPOET. 263 had become an almost insuperable obstacle to the further progress of raising troops. 5. Records were completed showing minutely the physical condition of 1,014,776 of the men examined, and tables of great scientific and professional value have been compiled from this data. 6. The casualties in the entire military force of the nation during the war of the rebellion, as shown by the official muster-rolls and monthly returns, have been compiled with, in part, this result : KILLED IN ACTION OR DIED OF WOUNDS WHILE IN SERVICE. Commissioned officers 5,221 Enlisted men 90,868 DIED FROM DISEASE OR ACCIDENT. Commissioned officers 2,321 Enlisted men 182,329 Total loss in service 280,739 These figures have been carefully compiled from the complete official file of muster-rolls and monthly returns, but yet entire accuracy is not claimed for them, as errors and omissions to some extent doubt- less prevailed in the rolls and returns. Deaths (from wounds or disease contracted in service) which oc- 264 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK, curred after the men left the army are not included in these figures. 7. The system of recruitment established by the Bureau, under the laws of Congress, if permanently adopted, (with such improvement as experience may suggest,) will be capable of maintaining the numer- ical strength and improving the character of the army in time of peace, or of promptly and econom- ically rendering available the National forces to any required extent in time of war. THE UNITED STATES AEMY. 265 THE UNITED STATES ARMY DURING THE GREAT CIVIL WAB OP 1861-65. THE following statement shows the number of men furnished by each State : STATES. Men furnished! under Act ofl April 15, 1861, or 75,000 militia or 3 months. Aggregate. No. of menfurnish'd under all calls. 1 Aggregate No. of menfurnish'd under all calls, reduced to the 3 years' standard. Maine 771 779 782 3,736 3,147 2,402 13,906 3,123 20,175 775 71,745 34,605 35,246 151,785 23,711 57,270 464,156 79,511 366,326 13,651 49,731 32,003 16,872 317,133 195,147 258,217 90,119 96,118 25,034 75,860 108,773 78,540 20,097, 12,077 56,595 30,827 29.052 123,844 17,878 50,514 381,696 55,785 267,558 10,303 40,692 27,653 11,506 237,976 152,283 212,694 80,865 78,985 19,675 68,182 86,192 70,348 18,654 12,077 New Hampshire .... Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Maryland West Virginia 900 4,720 12,357 4,686 4,820 781 817 930 968 10,501 District of Columbia . Ohio Indiana Wisconson Minnesota . Iowa Missouri Kentucky 650 Tennessee Arkansas ...... North Carolina California 7,451 216 617 895 1,279 1,762 181 2,395 7,451 216 581 895 380 1,762 181 1,011 Washington Ter'ty. Dakota New Mexico 1,510 Total 93,326 2,688,523 2,154,311 266 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. EISTOEY OF THE FLAG, BY A DISTINGUISHED HISTOBIA3T. MEN, in the aggregate, demand something besides abstract ideas and principles. Hence the desire for symbols something visible to the eye and that ap- peals to the senses. Every nation has a flag that represents the country every army a common ban- ner, which, to the soldier, stands for that army. It speaks to him in the din of battle, cheers him in the long and tedious march, and pleads with him on the disastrous retreat. Standards were originally carried on a pole or lance. It matters little what they may be, for the symbol is the same. In ancient times the Hebrew tribes had each its own standard that of Ephraim, for instance, was a steer; of Benjamin, a wolf. Among the Greeks, the Athenians had an owl, and the Thebans a sphynx. The standard of Romulus was a bundle of hay tied to a, pole, afterwards a human hand, and finally an eagle. HISTOET OF THE FLAG. 267 Eagles were at first made of wood, then of silver, with thunderbolts of gold. Under Caesar they were all gold, without thunderbolts, and were carried on a long pike. The Germans formerly fastened a streamer to a lance, which the duke carried in front of the army. Kussia and Austria adopted the double headed eagle. The ancient national flag of England, all know, was the banner of St. George, a white field with a red cross. This was at first used in the Col- onies, but several changes were afterwards made. Of course, when they separated from the mother country, it was necessary to have a distinct flag of their own, and the Continental Congress appointed Dr. Franklin, Mr. Lynch, and Mr. Harrison, a com- mittee to take the subject into consideration. They repaired to the American army, a little over 9,000 strong, then assembled at Cambridge, and after due consideration, adopted one composed of seven white and seven red stripes, with the red and white crosses of St. George and St. Andrew, conjoined on a blue field in the corner, and named it " The Great Union Flag." The crosses of St. George and St. Andrew were retained to show the willingness of the colonies to return to their allegiance to the British crown, if their rights were secured. This flag was first hoisted on the first day of January, 1T76. In the meantime, the various colonies had adopted distinctive badges, 268 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. BO that the different bodies of troops, that flocked io the army, had each its own banner. In Connecticut, each regiment had its own peculiar standard, on which were represented the arms of the colony, with the motto, " Qui transtulit sustinet " (he who trans- planted us will sustain us.) The one that Putnam gave to the breeze on Prospect Hill on the 18th of July, 1775, was a red flag, with this motto on one side, and on the other, the words inscribed, "An appeal to Heaven." That of the floating batteries was a white ground with the same "Appeal to Heaven " upon it. It is supposed that at Bunker Hill our troops carried a red flag, with a pine tree on a white field in the corner. The first flag in South Car- olina was blue, with a crescent in the corner, and received its first baptism under Moultrie. In 1776, Col. Gadsen presented to Congress a flag to be used by the navy, which consisted of a rattle-snake on a yellow ground, with thirteen rattles, and coiled to strike. The motto was, " Don't tread on me." " The Great Union Flag," as described above, without the crosses, and sometimes with the rattle-snake and motto, "Don't tread on me," was used as a naval flag, and called the " Continental Flag." As the war progressed, different regiments and corps adopted peculiar flags, by which they were designated. The troops which Patrick Henry raised HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 269 * and called the " Culpepper Minute Men," had a banner with a rattle-snake on it, and the mottoes, " Don't tread on me," and " Liberty or death," to- gether with their name. Morgan's celebrated rifle- men, called the "Morgan Rifles," not only had a peculiar uniform, but a flag of their own, on which was inscribed, "XI. Yirginia Regiment," and the words, " Morgan's Eifle Corps." On it was also the date, 1776, surrounded by a wreath of laurel. Wherever this banner floated, the soldiers knew that deadly work was being done. When the gallant Pulaski was raising a body of cavalry, in Baltimore, the nuns of Bethlehem sent him a banner of crimson silk, with emblems on it, wrought by their own hands. That of Washington's Life Guard was made of white silk, with various devices upon it, and the motto, " Conquer or die." It doubtless always will be customary in this country, during a war, for different regiments to have flags presented to them with various devices upon them. It was so during the recent war, but as the stars and stripes supplant them all, so in our revolu- tionary struggle, the "Great Union Flag," which was raised in Cambridge, took the place of all others and became the flag of the American army. But in 1777, Congress, on the 19th day of June, passed the following resolution : " Resolved, That 270 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen stripes, alternate red and white, that the union be thirteen stars, white, in a blue field, representing a new constellation." A constellation, however, could not well be represented on a flag, and so it was changed into a circle of stars, to represent harmony and union. Red is supposed to represent courage, white, integrity of purpose, and blue, steadfastness, love, and faith. This flag, however, was not used till the following autumn, and waved first over the memorable battle field of Saratoga. Thus our flag was born, which to-day is known, respected, and feared round the entire globe. In 1T94 it received a slight modification, evidently growing out of the intention at that time of Congress to add a new stripe with every additional State that came into the Union, for it passed that year the fol- lowing resolution: "Jtetolwed, That from and after the 1st day of May, Anno Domini 1795, the flag of the United States be fifteen stripes, alternate red and white. That the union be fifteen stars, white, in a blue field." In 1818, it was by another resolution of Congress, changed back into thirteen stripes, with twenty-one stars, in which it was provided that a new star should be added to the union on the admis- sion of each new State. That resolution has never been rescinded, till now thirty-six stars blaze on our HISTOEY OP THE FLAG. 271 banner. The symbol of our nationality, the record of our glory, it has become dear to the heart of the people. On the sea and on the land its history has been one to swell the heart with pride. The most beautiful flag in the world in its appearance, it is stained by no disgrace, for it has triumphed in every struggle. Through three wars it bore us on to vic- tory, and in this last terrible struggle against treason, though baptized in the blood of its own children, not a star has been effaced, and it still waves over a united nation. Whenever the " Star-Spangled Banner " is sung, the spontaneous outburst of the vast masses, as the chorus is reached, shows what a hold that flag has on the popular heart. It not only represents our nation- ality, but it is the people's flag. It led them on to freedom it does something more than appeal to their pride as a symbol of national greatness it appeals to their affections as a friend of their dearest rights. "We cannot better close this short history of our flag than by appending the following stirring poem of Drake : WHEN freedom from her mountain height Unfurled her standard to the air, She tore the azure robes of night, And set the stars of glory there I 272 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. She mingled with its gorgeous dyes The milky baldric of the skies, And striped its pure celestial white With streakings of the morning light; Then, from his mansion in the sun, She called her eagle-bearer down, And gave into his mighty hand The symbol of her chosen landl Majestic monarch of the cloud Who rear'st aloft thy regal form, To hear the tempest trumping loud And see the lightning lances driven, When strive the warriors of the storm. And rolls the thunder drum of heaven, Child of the sunl to thee 'tis given To guard the banner of the free ; To hover in the sulphur smoke, To ward away the battle stroke; And bid its blendings shine afar, Like rainbows on the cloud of war The harbinger of victoryl Flag of the brave I thy folds shall fly, The sign of hope and triumph high, When speaks the signal trumpet tone, And the long line comes gleaming on, (Ere yet the life-blood, warm and wet, Hath dimmed the glittering bayonet,) Each soldier's eye shall brightly turn To where thy sky-born giories burn, HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 273 And, as his springing steps advance, Catch war and vengeance from the glance ; And when the cannon's mouthings loud Heave in wild wreaths the battle shroud, And gory sabres rise and fall, Like shoots of flame on midnight's pall; Then shall thy meteor glances glow, And cowering foes shall shrink beneath Each gallant arm that strikes below That lovely messenger of death. Flag of the seas I on ocean wave Thy stars- shall glitter o'er the brave, When death, careering on the gale, Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail, And frightened waves rush wildly back, Before the broadside's reeling rack, Each dying wanderer of the sea, Shall look at once to heaven and thee, And smile to see thy splendor fly, In triumph o'er his closing eye. Flag of the free, heart's hope and home I By angel hands to valor given; Thy stars have lit the welkin dome, And all thy hues were born in heaven I Forever float that standard sheet 1 Where breathes the foe but falls before us? With Freedom's soil beneath our feet, And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us? 12* 274 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE EEBELLION. For a Chronology of Battles, see page 280. 1859. Oct. 16. John Brown and fifteen white men and five negroes seize the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, and kill four of the in- habitants. Oct. 17. The militia and Federal troops besiege Brown and his men in the armory. Oct. 18. The armory captured by Colonel E. E. Lee (now General). Twelve of Brown's men killed. Brown and four men taken prisoners. Nov. 30. South Carolina Legislature offer resolutions, that she is ready to enter with other States into the formation of a Southern Confederacy. Dec. 2. John Brown and two negroes hung at Charlestown, Ya. I860. April 23. The Democratic National Convention assemble at Charleston, S. C., and adjourn to meet at Baltimore, June 18. The Southern Delegates secede, and meet at same time and place. IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE EEBELLION. 275 May 9. The Constitutional Union Convention meet at Balti- more, and nominate John Bell for President, and Edward Everett for Yice-President. May 18. The Republican Convention at Chicago nominate Abraham Lincoln for President, and Hannibal Hamlin for Yice-President. June 23. The National Democratic Convention at Baltimore nominate Douglas and Fitzpatrick. The Seceders nom- inate Breckin ridge and Lane. Dec. 5. The U. S. Treasury suspends specie payment. " 20. South Carolina " Ordinance of Secession " passed. 1861. Jan. 9. Mississippi " " " " 11. Alabama " " " " 11. Florida " " " " 19. Georgia " " 26. Louisiana " " " " 21. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, withdraws from the U. S. Senate. " 29. Secretary Dix's despatch to New Orleans, " If any one attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on the spot." Feb. 1. Texas Ordinance of Secession passed. " 9. Jefferson Davis and A. H. Stephens elected President and Vice-Preside nt of the Southern Confederacy by the Convention at Montgomery, Ala. April 12. Bombardment of Fort Sumter the first gun fired of the Rebellion "nobody hurt" - J- " 15. President Lincoln calls for 75,000 three months' volunteers. " 16. The Confederate Government calls for 32,000 men, 276 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. April 16. Virginia " Ordinance of Secession " passed in secret session. " 16. N. Y. Legislature appropriates $3,000,000 for war purposes. ' 17. Jefferson Davis grants letters of marque. " 19. Sixth Massachusetts Eegiment mobbed in Balti- more while en route to "Washington. " 19. President Lincoln orders the blockade of Southern ports. " 26. Governor Brown, of Georgia, by proclamation, pro- hibits the payment of all debts to Northern creditors till the end of hostilities. May 6. Arkansas " Ordinance of Secession " passed. " 21. North Carolina " " " 24. Colonel Ellsworth shot at Alexandrfa, Va. " 30. Secretary Cameron declares slaves contraband of war. June 3. Hon. S. A. Douglas died at Chicago. His dying mes- sage to his son was, " Tell them to obey the laws, and support the Constitution of the IT. S." " 8. The Sanitary Commission authorized and appointed by the Government. " 24. Tennessee secedes by a vote of 104,913 for, and 32,134 against. July 8. $5,000,000 loaned the Government in five hours by N. Y. merchants. " 10. President Lincoln calls for 500,000 volunteers. Aug. 14. All Union men notified by Jefferson Davis to leave the Confederate States in forty days. 11 16. The President issues a proclamation confiscating rebel property. Nov. 8. Captain Wilkes, of the TJ. S. steamer San Jacinto. BIPORTAOT EVENTS OF THE EEBELLION. 277 captures Mason and Slidell, rebel emissaries, on board the English steamer Trent. Nov. 19. The First "Stone Fleet" sailed for the South from Connecticut and Massachusetts. 11 20. Kentucky, in State Convention, adopts an Ordinance of Secession. Dec. 4. John C. Breckinridge expelled from the U. S. Senate. " 20. The main channel of Charleston Harbor obstructed by sinking sixteen vessels of the " Stone Fleet." " 26. The Cabinet Council at Washington decide to give up Mason and Slidell. " 28. New York banks suspend specie payments. ises. Feb. 1. The President authorized by Act of Congress to take possession of all the railway and telegraphic lines when required for military purposes. " 14. Commodore Foote receives his death-wound in an en- gagement at Fort Donelson. March 8. The first Iron-Clad Naval Engagement between the Monitor and Merrimac. Aug. 9. Recruiting brisk, and drafting in several States travelling restricted by order of Government to prevent fugitives escaping. Sept. 22. The President issues his Emancipation Proclamation to take effect January 1, 1863. " 24. The President suspends the writ of Habeas Corpus. 1863. Feb. 16. The Senate pass the Conscription Bill, and on the 25th the House pass the same. July 13. Great Draft Riot in New York continues four days. The Colored Orphan Asylum and a number of buildings 278 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. burned. Twenty-five of the militia and police killed or wounded, and 150 of the rioters. 164. June 5. Fremont and Cochrane nominated for President and Vice-President, but subsequently resign. " 8. The Baltimore Convention nominate Lincoln and Johnson for President and Yice-President. u 19. The Pirate Alabama sunk by the Kearsarge off the coast of France. Nov. 8. Lincoln and Johnson elected President and Yice- President. " 25. Hotels in New York burned by Southern incen- diaries. 1865. Jan. 31. General R. E. Lee appointed Commander-in-Chief of Eebel forces by Jefferson Davis. Feb. 4. Failure of the Peace Negotiations with Rebel Commis- sioners. Gold in Richmond 4,400. March 11. The President orders the disfranchisement of non- reporting deserters. April 3. Evacuation of Richmond. Jefferson Davis at Dan- ville, Ya., a fugitive. " 4. President Lincoln holds a levee in Jefferson Davis' house. " 7. Grant urges Lee to surrender, to save further effusion of blood. " 9. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Yirginia to General Grant. " 10. Great rejoicing all over the country. " 13. Grant advises the draft to be stopped and recruiting to cease. IMPOETANT EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 279 April 14. President Lincoln shot in Ford's Theatre, Washing- ton, by J. Wilkes Booth. " 15. President Lincoln dies at 7.20 A.M. Andrew John- son becomes the seventeenth President. " 21. General Kirby Smith by proclamation asserts his ability to continue the Rebellion. " 26. General J. E. Johnson surrenders with 27,500 men. May 9. President Johnson issues a Peace Proclamation declar- ing the war at an end. " 10. Jefferson Davis captured at Irwinville, Ga. " 13. $30,000,000 Seven-Thirty Loan subscribed this day. 280 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. CHKONOLOGICAL TABLE Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Eebel. 1861. April 12 " 19 June 3 " 16 " 17 " 18 " 20 " 28 July 2 " 4 " 6 " 6 " 8 " 10 " 10 " 12 " 12 " 13 " 17 " 18 " 18 " 21 " 22 Aug. 2 " 5 Bombardment of Ft. Sumter. . Riot, Baltimore Maj. Anderson. . Qen. Beauregard Philippi, Ya . Cols. Kelly and Landers Maj. Everett.... G-en. Lyon Capt Cook . . . Col. Porterfield. Capt. Gen. Price Gov. Jackson... Maj.-Gn. Magru- der Seneca Mills, Md Boonesville, Mo Near Warsaw, Mo . .... Big Bethel Brig.-Gen. Price. Shorter's Hill, Va Martinsburg Gen. Patterson, . 9th N. Y Col. Sigel 45 of the 3d Ohio Gen. Johnson... Price & Jackson. Harper's Ferry Carthage, Mo Middle Fork Bridge, Va Burlington, W. Va Monroe Station, Mo Col Smith Gen. Harris. . . . Col. Pegram... . Col. Pegram. . . . Laurel Hill, Va. Cols. McCook & Andrews Gren. McClellan. Col Woodruff Rich Mountain, Va Barbourville, Va Carrick Ford, Va Gen. McClellan. Gen. Garnett. . . Scarytown, Va Kansas City, Mo. . . Maj. Van Horn. Glen. Tyler Blackburn's Ford, Va "-H8SESZ!:; j Gen. Irwin ) { McDowell f Gren. Beauregard Dug Spring, Mo Gen. Lyon Gren. Price Point of Rocks, Md CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 281 OF THE WAE, Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. Eemarks. Union. Eebel. Reported, " Nobody hurt." First blood shed of the four years' Rebellion. Successful retreat of Sigel. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Capture of 200 tents, 60 wagons, and 6 cannon. Rebels defeated. Gen. Garnett killed. Three Federal colonels and two captains captured. Rebels defeated. Federal loss 28 pieces artillery, 5,000 small arms. 3 k. 7 w 2 k. 2 w. 2 m . . . . 7 k. 8 w 16k., 26m 3k 2 k 8 w .. . 35 k. and w., 30 p. 45 k. and w 25 k. 52 w. 28 p.. 16k. 34 w. 6 m,.. Ik. 1 w k.,w., & m.uncer. . 2k 3k 10 w.... 30 k. and w., 20 p. 2k. 3 w..... 13k. 31 w 1 k 3 w 250 k. and w. . . . . 7 k and w 2 k. 6 w 20 k. 40 w 30 k. and w., 70 p. 1 k. 3 w 11 k 35 w ... . 140k. 150 w.l 50 p. 12k 1 k 13 k 40 w 150 k. & w., 800 p. 9 k. 38 w. 9 m. . . . Ik 20 k and w 83 k. andw.. 4500 k., w., and p. 481k.1011w.700p. 68 k. and w 1852 k. andw 2w 9 k. 30 w. 5k. 10 w 40 k. 80 w None 3 k. 2 w. 7 p 282 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Eebel. 1861. Aug. 5 " 10 " 13 " 19 " 26 " 29 Sept. 1 " 1 " 10 " 12 " 13 12-14 " 14 " 17 u 17 " 20 " 21 " 23 " 25 " 25 " 26 Oct. 3 " 8 " 9 " 12 " 13 " 13 " 15 " 16 " 19 " 21 " 21 21 " 22 Athens Mo Wilson's Creek, Mo Gen. Lyon Gens. Price and McCulloch... Charleston Mo. . . . Col. Dougherty and Lieut.-Col. Ransom . . Col. Hunter Col. Tyler Lexington, Mo Col. Reed Bennett's Mills, Mo Gen. Rosecranz. Maj. Gavitt Capt. Eppstein.. Gn. J.J.Reynolds Floyd Ben. Talbott.... Col. Brown. Black River, Mo Booneville Mo Cheat Mountain, W. Va Gen. R. E. Lee. Kansas City, Mo ... . Blue Mills Landing, Mo Lieut. Col. Scott. Col. Mulligan . . . Gen. Lane GnD.R.Atchison Gen. Price Lexington, Mo Papinsville, Mo Mechanicsville Gap Va Chapmansville, W. Va Col. Pratt Col. J. W. Davis Osceola, Mo Col.Montgomery Lucas Bend, Ky Greenbrier, W. Va Gn.J.J.Reynolds Lieut. Sadler. . . Col. W. Wilson. Maj James Gn.H.A.Jackson Capt. Holliday. . Gen. Anderson. . Hillsboro, Ky Cameron Ray Co., Mo. 18 miles N.E. of Lebanon, Mo. Maj. Wright. . . . Lieut. Tufts. . . . Capts. Lowel & Wright Big River Bridge, Mo. . . . GnJff. Thompson Gen. Thompson . Maj. Gavitt Big Hurricane Creek, Mo.. . . . Edwards' Ferry Va Col. E. D. Baker Gen. p]vans Jeff. Thompson & Col. Lowe.... Gen. Evans .... Ball's Bluff Buffalo Mills, Mo . Col. Baker CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 283 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Remarks. Union. Eebel. 10k. andw 223k. 721 w.292m 23 k 50 W 5 wagon-loads of supplies and 40 horses were captured from the rebels. Gen. Lyon killed. Rebels routed. Rebel loss not known. Rebel loss not known. Rebels retreated with small loss. 421k. 1317 w. 3m 1 k. 6 w 20 k. and w., 17 p 15 k 40 w 30 p. 6 or 6 w 8 k. several w. . . . 3 k. 6 w 6 w 30 k . 16 k. 102 w Unknown 5 k. 4 p . 100 horses and their tents and supplies were captured. And all their tents and supplies, lebels defeated. CoL J. W. Davis killed. lebels routed. A drawn battle. lebels routed. Jnions burned the bridge. Rebels defeated. Col. Lowe killed, 80 prisoners and 4 heavy guns captured. Col. Baker killed. 1 k. 4 w 13 k. 20 w. 60 p.. 12 k. 30 w 100 k. & w., 20 p.. 7 k. 6p 7k... 100 k. and w 42k.l08w. 1624 p. 17 k.40 w 3k. 10 w 4 k. 8 w 1 k. 4 w 25 k. 75 w 40k. 100 p 15 k. 30 w 29k. 50 w. 47 p.. 10 k None 8k. 32 w 3 k. 3 w 13k.21 w Ik. 4 w 4k. 5 p 100k. 95 w. 13 p.. 11 k. 29 w. 22 p.. 100 k. & w. 35 p.. 8 k. 5 p. . 1 k 62 k. and w., 30 p. 2 k. and w 2 k. 5 w. 3 m 1 k. 6 w 5 k. and 4 w . . 11 k 14 w 223 k. 250 w. 500 p 7 k. 60 w 36 k. and w 14k. 8 p 200 k. and w Rebel loss heavy. . 36 k. 264 w. 2 p.. 20 k. and w. 60 p.. 223k.266w.455m. 284 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Kebel. 1861. Oct. 23 " 23 " 25 " 26 " 26 Nov. 2 " 7 7 " 7 " 8 " 8 1 10 1 10 1 11 ' 12 ' 14 1 18 " 22 " 24 " 25 " 29 Dec. 1 " 2 " 3 " 4 " 5 " 7 u 7 " 11 11 13 " 17 " 17 " 18 " 20 " 20 West Liberty, Ky Hodo-esville, Ky. Lieut. Gray son. Maj Zagonyi Springfield Mo New Creek, Va Gen. B. F. Kelley Col.A.McDonald Plattsburg, Mo. Platte City, Mo Maj. Josephs . . . Gens. Grant & Me Cl ern an d Silas Gordon... Port Royal, S. C Com. Dupont & General "W. T Sherman .... Gen. Grant. . . . Gen. Dray ton. . . Gen. Polk Belmont Mo Holla, Mo Piketon, Ky Nelson's Brigade New River, Va Col.K.V.Whaley Col. Anthony Kansas City, Mo McCoy's Mill, Va Gen. Benham. . . Gn. Floyd's array Fort Pickens Fla Lancaster Va . Col Moore Lt. Col. Blanton . Dranesville, Va Col Bayard Black "Walnut Creek, Mo Maj Hough Hunter's Chapel Gen Blenker Capts. Young & "Wheatley. . . . Cols. Freeman & Turner. Salem, Mo ^Taj. Bowen .... "Whip-poor-will Bridge, Ky . . . Home Guards. . GnT.C.Hindman Dam No. 5, Va Olathe, Mo Bertrand, Mo Lt. Col. Rhodes. 3rig. Gn. Milroy. Gen. Pope Col. J. C. Davis & Gen. Steele. . . Col. B. Johnson. Gen. Bragg M umfordsville, Ky Osceola, Mo Millford Mo Danesville, Va Gen. E. 0. C. Ord M^j McKc6 Gen. Stuart.... Hudson Mo CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 285 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Bemarks. Union. Eebel. 8w.'!!.'."!."!.".!!i 48 k. 27 w. 10 m. 2 k. 14 w 10 k. 5 w. 6 p. . . 3 k. 5 w. 106k. 27 p 10k. 15 w 8 k 12 p Lieut. Grayson severely wounded. Rebels routed. Col. Angus McDonald captured. 500 head of cattle, 40 horses and mules captured. Rebels defeated. Col. Whaley captured. Union troops withdrawn. Col. Crogham killed. Many wounded and prisoners. tfaj. Hough wounded. Rebels defeated. 13k. and w., 30 p. 155 p. . 89 k. 150 w. 150 m 8k. 23 w. 2500 p. 84 k. 288 w. 285m. k.& w. not reported 261k.427 w.278m 9p.. 6 k. 24 w 10k. 15 w 8k. 10 w . 8 k. 12 w. 45 p. . 8 k. 8 w 2 k ;. 12p.. 15k 150p.. 2 k. 13 w.. 1 k. 2 w 13k . . 2 w 6w Ik 2k.4p I7k.5p 4 k. and w. 2 p . . . 7k 10 w.. Rebels defeated ; loss unknown. 15 k. and w 4.w 6 k. and w. 11 p. . 3 k. 5 w Rebels defeated. Rebels report about the same loss, lebels defeated. 70 wagons with stores & equipage, lebels defeated. Rebels defeated. 12k 2 k 1 k 3 k. 5 w 16p.. 20 k. 107 w. 10 m. 10 k 17 w 33 k 60 w 2 k. 17 w 300p 1300 p 7 k. 61 w 5 k. 150 w. 30 p. 10k. 17 p 286 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Eebel. 1861. Dec. 22 " 28 1362. Jan. 1 " 4 " 4 " 7 " 7 " 7 " 8 " 10 " 19 Feb. 7 " 8 8 9 14 14 14 16 17 " 18 " 21 March 7 " 8 " 8 " 14 ( Newport News, Va. ) / New Market Bridge J ' ' Maj. Schoepf. .. Col. Jno. Glover Gen Stevens Port Royal Ferry S C... Bath, Va Gen. Jackson.. . Huntersville W. Va Maj Webster Blue's Gap, "W. Va Col. Dunning. . 30 miles east Button, W. Va. . Paintsville, Ky Col.H. Anisansel Col. Garfield... Maj. Torrence. . Gen. Garfield. . . Gen. Thomas. . . Col. Friedman. . Hum'y Marshall Col. Poindexter. Hum'y Marshall. Gen. Zollicoffer. Silver Creek Mo Mill Sprint, Ky. . Capture of forts t>n Roanoke Island, N. C Com. Goldsbo- rough & Gen. Burnside Capt. Smith .... Gen. Wise Near Fort Henry Tenn Com. Foote and Gren. Grant. . . Gen. Lander. . . Gen. Tilghman. . Blooming Gap, Va Flat Lick Ford, Ky. . . . Col Munday Fort Donelson Capture of Fort Donelson Sugar Creek, Ark Com. Foote Gen. Grant Gen. Buckner. . . Quantrell and Parker Valverde, N. M CoL Cranby. . . . Capt. Cole . . . Col Steele Winchester, Va Pea Ridge, Ark Gens. Curtiss, Si- gel, Asboth, & Gens. Van Dorn, Price, McCul- loch, and Pike Hampton Roads, Va U. S. war ship Cumberland.. Gen. Pope Gens. McCrogan, Stuart, Gauth. CHKONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 287 Killed, Wounde< I, and Prisoners. Union. P.ebel. 6 w 10k 3 k. 46 w 25 k. 150 w. 40 p 90 horses and 105 stand of arms 3 k. 11 w 6 k. 12 w were captured. Rebels retreated. 3 k. 30 p 7k..* Unions retreated. None 2 k. 1 w 3 k. 10 w 2k. 25 w 39 k. 207 w 2 w 2k. 7 w 15k. 20 p 22 k. and w 15p 12k. 22 w. 15 p.. 50k. 25 p 192 k. 140 p 1 k. 12 p $50,000 worth of army stores were captured. 3 cannon and their wagons were captured. 56 head of cattle and 15 horses were captured. Rebels dispersed. Rebels retreated. Rebels retreated. Gen. Zollicofler killed, 1,200 horses and mules, 100 large wagons and 2,000 muskets were captured. 12 horses captured. 50k. 150 w 1 k. 1 w 39 k. 23 w 7k 30 k. 50 w. 2500 p.. 8 k. 7 w. 17 p 5k. 30 p 13 k., 20 w , 65 p 6 forts, 40 guns, and 3000 small arms were captured. 32 horses captured. including 17 officers. None 60 k. and w 4k. 4 w. 3p Com. Foote was severely wounded. 446 k. 1785 w. and 150p . 231 k. 1007 w. and 15 000 p Brig. Gen. Buckner captured. Gens Floyd and Pillow escaped. 13 k. and w 1 k 3 w 3k.... 55 k. 140 w Rebel loss about the same. 3w 1351 k. w. andm. 100 k. & drowned. 6 k. 5 w 2000 k. and w Capt Cole wounded. ^ Gens. McCulloch, Mclntosh, and Slack were killed. U. S. sloop-of-war Cumberland de- stroyed. 51 k $100,000 worth of military stores were captured from the Rebels. 288 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK, Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. BebeL 1862. Mar. 14 " 14 "15-18 " 22 " 23 " 26 " 28 " 29 April 5 6-7 " 8 1-1 " 11 " 11 " 16 " 20 " 26 May S " 4 " 5 " 7 " 8 " 8 " 9 " 9 " 13 11 13 " 14 " 15 " 15 " 16 Newborn, N. C Gen. Burnside. . Col. Carter and Lt.Cl.Keigwin Gen. Branch . . . Cumberland Mts , Ky Independence Mo Quantrell Winchester Va Gen. Shields... Gn. T. J. Jackson Vallis Ranch N. M Col. Slough Capt. Thompson Gen. McClellan . Gens. Grant and Buell Col. Scurry and Maj. Pyron. . . Col. Parker Warrensburg Mo Sie^e of Yorktown, Va Pittsburg Landing, Tenn Corinth Miss . . . Gens. Johnson & Beanregard . . Gen. Sherman Bombardment and capture of Island No 10 . . . Com. Foote and Gen. Pope... Gen. Hunter.. . . Gen. Makad . . . Col. Olmstead., Capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga... Yorktown, Ya Lee's Mills Ya Gen. McClellan. Gen. Reno Gens. Burnside and Parker . . . Gen. Lee South Mills, N. C Fort Macon N C Col. White Farmington Miss Williamsburg Ya . . Gen. Stoneman. Gens. Kearney and Hooker . . Col. Foster. .... (i Gen. Longstreet Somerville Heights, Ya Corinth Miss Maj Arlington . McDowell, W. Ya Gens. Schenck & Milroy 12m. from Athens, Ala Farmington, Miss McDowell, Ya Capt. Connet. . . Gen. Pope Gens. Milroy & Schenck Col. Woodward. Gens. Ruggles, Price, Yan Dorn. Gen. Jackson.. Monterey, Tenn Trenton Bridge N C Near Trenton N C Maj. Fitzsimons . CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 289 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Kemarks. Union. Eebel. 39 k. 150 w 50 k. 200 w. 200 p. 3 k. 6 w. 18 p 6 forts captured. 59 horses, 100 guns, and 100 sa- bres were captured. Rebels defeated. Rebels retreated in disorder. Many wounded. Rebels retreated. Col. Parker and Capt. Walton taken prisoners. Beauregard's Report. 47 guns and 40,000 pounds of powder captured. Rebels routed. Fort captured. Rebel loss heavier. Unions retreated. Maj. Arlington killed. Rebel loss computed to be much greater. Capt. Connet captured. Rebel loss much greater. Unions lost their camp, baggage, and stores. Rebels defeated. Naval engagement. Maj. Fitzsimons wounded. Ik 100k. 400 w 7 k. 11 p 600 k. 300 p 15k 88k. 64 w. 17 p.. 2 k 80k. 100 w. 93 p. 15 k 25 p 1614 k. 7721 'w. 3963 m 3k. 22 w 1728 k. 8012 w. 959 m. . . . 15 k. 25 w 17k 6300 p 1 k. 1 w 3 w. 360 p 32 k. 100 w 90 k 25 k. 75 w 1 k. 3 w 7k. 18 w 8 k 2 k. 20 w 7 k. 25 p .. 2073k. . 5 k. 10 w Loss 1800 4k. 14 w 70 p 90 k. 478 w 71k. 268 w., 400 p. 40 k 23 p.. 2 k., 30 w., 20 p.. 10k. and w. ; . . . . 9k. 22 w 30 or 40 k. andw. 30 k., 176 w., 51 p. 191 k.982 w.756m 200 k. andw 1533 k., 6000 w. 600 w 10k. and w., 10 p. 17 k. 50 w 3w Fed. loss 104 8k., 20 w., 46 p.. 35 k. andw 150 k. andw. 150 p 302 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Rebel. 1863. Jan'y 11 " 26 11 30 " 30 " 31 Feb'y 3 " 3 " 4 " 10 " 12 " 15 " 15 " 15 " 19 " 20 " 26 " 27 Marcel 2 " 2 u 4 - 6 " 7 " 10 " 17 " 17 " 18 44 20 " 22 " 29 3o " 30 April 1 " 2 " 2 Capture of Fort Hindman, on Adm. Porter and Gen. McCler- nand . . . Gen. Churchill. . Near "Woodbury Tenn Gen Palmer Trenton Tenn CoL "Wood . Capt. Dawson. . Gen. Pryor Deserted House, 9 miles from Suffolk, Va Gen. Corcoran.. Near Nashville, Tenn Vlino'o Swamp Mo Maj. Reeder Col. Harding. . . D. McGee Wheeler and Forrest Near Lake Providence, La. "3d La." .. . Old River La Capt Tucker. . Canesville, Tenn CoL Monroe Sergt Holmes. Morgan's Cav. . . Nolens ville Tenn Arkadelphia, Ark Capt. Brown . . . Coldwater, Miss Lt.-Col. Wood.. 5th Illinois Woodstock Va.. 15 miles from Newbern, N. C. Bradyville, Tenn ... Capt Jacobs Gen. Rosecrans. Morgan Near Petersburg, Tenn. . Aldie, Ya .. CaptSchultze.. Col. Johnson. . . CoLColburn.... Gen. Manly . . CoL Grierson. . . Gen. AverilL. . . Mosby . . . Chapel Hill, Tenn Col. Roger Near Franklin, Tenn. Van Dora Union ville Tenn , Gen. Russell. . . Col. Richardson. Near Covington, Tenn Kelly's Ford, Ya Near Franklin, Ya CoL Spear Berwick Bay, La Capt Perkins. . Near Milton, Tenn. . . .- Near Blue Spring Mo CoLHalL Morgan and Breckinridge . Quantroll . Near Somerset K.y. Gen. Gillmore . . Pegram . . Point Pleasant, W. Ya Gen. Jenkins. . . Capt. Mosby. . . . Doanesville Va . .... . . 1st Vermont... Gen Hazen Woodbury Tenn In Jucksoii Co., Mo Maj. Ransom. . . Hicks CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 303 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Eebel. Remarks. Nearly 1000 k., w. and missing. . . . 2 k. 9 w. . 550 k. & w. 5000 p. 35 k. 100 p 34 p. or killed. . . . 5w. 12 k., 12 w., 300 p 9 k. 20 w Eebels defeated. Loss in killed and wounded on each side about 60. D. McGee killed. 12 k. 30 w. 8 k. and w. 100 k. 400 w. 300 p Rebels 30 k. andw 11 k. andw., 25 p 4k. 5 w 20 k., many \v., 6 p 2k. 12 w 6k., 3 w., 15 p.. . 5w.. 200 k. and p 1 w 15 k. and w. . . 8 k., 20 w., 4 p. . . 14k. 12 w.. 6 k. 26 p 100 k., 300 w. and 1200 p Ik. 16 w, 3 k. 48 p 8k., 30 w., 89 p. 12 k.20 w 30 p 12k. 72 p 120k. 300 w.... 50k. 180 w 25 k. many p.. . . 86 p 7k. 3 w 9 k. 5- m. several w. 40 k. and w 1 k. 20 w. 40k. 140 w.l 2m. 1 k. 1 w 60 k., w., and p. . . 12k. 14 p repulsed. 90 horses taken. Rebels defeated. Federals defeated. 50 horses, 300 stand of arms cap- tured. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Federals routed. Rebels dispersed. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Rebels retreated. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Federals defeated. Rebels defeated. Federals defeated. Federals retreated. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Federals defeated. Rebels defeated. Rebel loss 350. 450 cattle capt'rd. 12 k. 30 w. and p. 17k... Federals defeated. Rebels defeated. 304: THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. EebeL 1863. April 2 " 10 " 14 " 19 " 20 " 22 " 26 May 1 " 1 " 1 " 1 " 1 it 2 " 2-3 " 3 " 3 " 6 " 12 " 14 " 16 " 16 18-22 " 19 " 20 " 27 " 28 June 6 " 9 " 14 " 21 " 24 " 24 " 26 Snow Hill, Tenn ... Gen. Stanley. . . Gen. Granger. . Morton and Wharton. .... Van Corn. Franklin, Tenn Bayou Teche, La Cold water, Tenn Col. Bryant. . . . Patterson, Mo Col. Smart Majors McGee and White... Cape Girardeau, Mo Gen. McNeil CoL CampbeU. . . Col. Nixon Gen. Grant. .... Gen. Carter . . . Capt De Huff Marmaduke .... Van Dorn's Pickets Near Franklin, Tenn Near Suffolk, Va., on the Nan- semond River Port Gibson, Miss Monticello, Ky Gen. J.S.Bowen. Col. Morrison... Near La Grange Ark Before Fredericksburg, Va . . . Chancellorsville Va. . Gen. Sedgwiek. Gen. Hooker. . . Col. De Forrest. Gen Lee Warrenton Junction . Gen. Mosby .... Hain's Bluff on the Miss Tupelo Miss Col. Corwyn. . . . Gen. McPherson Gen. Grant Gen. Grant Gen. Grant Gen. Grant and Adm. Porter. Gen Milroy Gen. Ruggles. . . Gen. Gregg .... Gen. Johnston. . Gen. Pemberton Gen. Pemberton Gen. Pemberton Raymond, Miss Champion Hill, Miss Big Black River, Miss Near Winchester Va Middle town Tenn Gen Stanley . Gen. Banks and Ad. Farragut. Major Lippert. . Gen. Gardner. . Milliken's Bend Miss Gen. Thomas . . . Gens. Buford & Gregg Gen. Milroy. . . . Gen. Pleasanton ( 'ol Hoover Gn. McCullough Gn.J. E.B.Stuart & F. Hugh Lee Gen. EweU Beverly Ford, Va Winchester Va Near Middleburg Va Hoover's Gap Tenn Liberty Gap, Tenn Gen. Willich Col. Spear Gen, W. F. Lee . CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 305 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Rebel. Remarks. 100 350 10k. 20 w 50 k. and w. . 15 or 20k. 50 p, 300 k. and w. . 20k. 40 Rebels defeated. Rebels repulsed. Rebel loss much greater. Rebels defeated. Federals defeated. 2 6 k. 6 w 5 k., 9 w., 25 p. . . Rebels defeated. 40 k. 200 w Rebels defeated. 41 k. and w 130k. 718 w. 5 m 30 k. and w., 11 p. 1500 k.,w., and p. 41 k., w., and m. . 2000 k. and w 15,000 k. and w. 17,000 p 18,000 k. and w. 5000 p 80 k. and w. 51k. 181 w 40 k. 240 w. 6m. 426 k. 1842 w.... 29 k. 242 w Loss about 2500. . 90 p 75k. 250 w.l 86 p.. 400 k. andw 4000 k., w., and m 2600 Loss not reported. 6k. 7 p 8 k. 90 p 900 k., w., and m 80 k., w., and m. 127 k. 287 w. 157m 200k 600k., w., andm. . 500 w. & m 380 k., w., and m 2000 Rebels defeated with severe loss. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Federals defeated. Rebels defeated with heavy lot Naval engagement. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. 29 cannon captured. 1 7 cannon captured. Rebels defeated. 200 horses captured. Federals defeated. Rebels defeated. 45 k. and w. . 90 k. 100 w. 750 k., w., and m. 850 k., w., and m. [Federals defeated. 150 k. and w., 80 p. | Rebels defeated. j Rebels defeated with heavy loss. I Rebels .defeated with heavy loss. 110 p 300 horses, 35 wagons, and their commander captured. 306 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Rebel. 1863. June 26 July 1 " 2-3 4 " 4 " . 5 " 8 " 12 " 12 14 17 18 18-19 19 " 23 " 26 Aug. 20 " 22 " 28 Sept. 7 " 9 " 9 " 19-20 Oct. 8 " 14 27-28 Nov. 3 " 16 Nov. 17 to Dec 4 Nov. 24 Shelby ville, Tenn Gen. Rosecrans. Gen. Meade .... Gen. Mead Gen. Grant .... Gen. Prentiss . . Gen. Grant. .... Gen. Banks Col. Hatch Gen. Bragg. . . . Gen. Lee Gettysburg Gettysburg . Gen. Lee Gen. Pemberton Generals Price, Holmes, and Marmaduke . . Gen. Johnson. . Gen. Gardner. . Surrender of Vicksburg, Miss. Helena Ark Bolton, Miss Surrender of Port Hudson, Miss . . Near Jackson Miss Jack sou Miss .... Gen Lanmann Fallin * Waters Va Gen. Kilpatrick . Gen. Blunt Gen. Blunt Gen. Gil more... Cols. Tolland & Powell Elk Creek Ark Gen. Cooper. . . . Gen. Cooper. . . . Gn. Beauregard. Honey Springs, Ind. Territory. Port Wanner S. C WytliPville W Va ... Alanassas Gap "Va New Lisbon Ohio Col. Shaddeford. Gen. Morgan... Gen. Brao'g Pocahontas Ark . Gen. Jeff. C. Thompson . . . Fort Sumter T. H. Stevens. . . Tilford, Tenn Cumberland Gap Tens Gen. Burnside.. . Gten. Rosecrans. Gen. Cook ....... jen. Warren. . . Gens. Smith. & Hooker . Gen. Frazier. . . Gen. Bragg Gen. Wheeler.. Gen. A. P. Hill. Gen. Longstreet Chickamauga, Farmiu cr ton Tenn Bristow Station Va. Brown's Ferry Tenn Gen. Burbridge. Gen. Burnside.. jen. Burnside.. Hooker Campbell Station Tenn Gen. Longstreet aen. Longstreet Brar r S!noxvillo Tenn . Lookout Mountain .... CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE. 807 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Remarks. Union. Rebel. 85k. 463 w. 13m. Rebel k. & w. not rep'td ; 1634 p. Gen Reynolds killed. Rebels paroled. Rebels defeated. Rear-guard of Johnson's army captured. 400 conscripts released. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Federals repulsed. Virginia and Tennessee Railroad destroyed. Rebels defeated. Gen. Morgan and all his cavalry, 400 men, captured. Federals defeated. Gen. Jeff. C. Thompson and Staff captured. Naval engagement. Federals de- feated. Federals defeated. A large supply of army stores captured. Federals defeated. Rebels defeated. Rebels withdrew. Fight above clouds. Bragg deft'd Total loss 28,198.. 250 k., w., andm. Total loss 37,000. . 30,000 p 500k. or w., 1000 p. 5500 p 13k. and w. 175 k and w 300 k. and w 29 k. 36 w 10 k. 25 w 1300 p. 130k. &w. 400 k. or w. 60 p. 50k. 75 w. 65 p.. 500 k. 331 w 75 k. 150 p 9k. 50 w 700 k., w. andm.. 65 k. and w. 300 k. or w., 60 p. 100 p 200 114 300 p..., 2000 p 1644 k. 9262 w. 4945 m 17,000k., w.,&ra. 125 k. & w., 300 p. 1 200 k. & w. 800 p. Loss over 1000. .. 100k. 200 p 1000 1600...! 29 k 150 w 51 k 329 w 76 k. 339 w. 22 m. 18k. 100 w. 559m. 400 600 308 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Rebel. 1863. N.23-25 " 25 " 27 27-3<> Dec. 14 " 25 " 20 1864. Jan. 2 3 " 12 " 17 " 28 " 29 " 30 Feb. 3 " 3 4 14 ' 20 22-25 u 22 March 5 " 9-10 " 16 " 21 " 21 25 Ap'18-9 " 12 17-20 " 24 " 25 Gen. Grant. Gen. Hooker. . . Gen. Hooker... Gen. Meade. Shackleford Gen. Bragg. . . . Bragg . . Capture of Missionary Ridge, Gen. Hardee... Gen. Lee Longstreet Locust Grove, Va^ Bean Station. Pulaski, Tenn Charleston. Tenn . CoLLuberk.... Gen. Wheeler. . Near Moorfield, Va Mossy Creek Tenn Gen. McCook. . Near Dand ridge, Tenn Tunnel Hill, Ga Scottville, Ky. Federal supply train captured near Petersburg, "W. Va Bolton, Miss Col. Snyder. . . . Sherman's ad- vance Newborn, N. C Gen. Foster. . . . Gen. Picket*. .-. Clinton, Miss Gainesville Fla Capt Roberts Olustee, Fla Gen. Seymour.. Gen. Palmer. . . Gen. Gardner. . . Gen. Wheeler.. Mosby Tunnel Hill, Ga Near Drainsville Va . . Yazoo City Suffolk, Va Near Fort Pillow. Near Alexandria* Banks At Fed, Fork, Paducah, Ky. . Mansfield, La CoL Hicks Gen. Forrest. . . Kirby Smith... Gen. Forrest . . . Gen. Hoke Gen. Dick Taylor Gen. Banks .... Majs. Booth & Bradford .... Gen. Wessela.. Gen. A. T. Smith CoL Drake Fort Pillow Plymouth, N. C Cane River La Supply train captured near Pine Bluff, Ark. CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR. 309 ; Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Remarks. Union. Eebel. 4000 About 16,000 Bragg defeated. Eebel k. and w. not reported. Forrest's guerrillas captured. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Federals defeated. Rebels defeated. Rebela defeated. Rebels defeated. Loss much greater. Rebel Battery defeated. Rebels routed. Federals defeated. Rebel loss about the same. Killed and wounded not reported. Federals defeated. Rebels defeated with considerable loss. Suffolk captured. Rebels defeated. Rebel camp captured. Town nearly destroyed by the bombardment. Rebels defeated. 9 guns captured. ! 800 300 t> 1000 2500 200 800 k. and w 50 p. . . i 121 p j 13 k. 20 w. 60 k. or w., 300 p. 1 50 k and w . . . . 14k. 49 p 32k. and 1 Co. p. . 40 k. 20 p. . t 12 k 35 w 212*k., w., andm. 15 k. 80 w. 300 k., w., and m. i 100 . . 1500 75 k and w .... 300 p 8 k. 7 w. 75 m 6 k. 20 w 210 25 k 50 k. and w 282 p 306 p 14k. 46 w. 1000 k. and w.... 2000 p 500 k.& w.l 500 p. 600 k. 100 w 150k. 1700 p 80 k. and w Loss not reported. 1500 k. and w.... 1000 2000 p 310 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Rebel. 1864. May 5-7 8-11 " 10 " 10 12 12-15 13-15 " 15 19-20 " 24 May 25 M 28 Junel-3 June 5 " 9 " 10 " 11 15-18 " 22 u 27 July 9 " 12 J'yl3-15 " 20 " 20 " 22 27-30 Ag. 5-20 Wilderness, Ya Gens. Grant, Meade, and Burnside .... Gen. Sherman . . Grant Gen. Averill. . . . Gen. Grant Gen. Butler Gen. Sherman . . Gen. Sigel Gen. Butler. . . . Gen. Wild Gen. Hooker. . . Gen. Sherman . . Gens. Grant and Meade Gen. Lee Gn. Joe Johnson Lee Gen. Jones Gen. Lee Gn. Beau regard. Gn. Joe Johnson Breckinridge. . . Gn. Beauregard. Gn. Fitz H. Lee. Gen. Hardee. .. Gen. Longstreet. Gen. Lee. Rock Face Ridge, Ga Spottsylvania C. H Near Wytheville, Va Spottsylvania C H ... Fort Darling, Ya Resaca G-a .... Bermuda Hundred, Ya. . ..... Wilson's Landing, Ya Near Dallas, Ga Dallas Ga . . Cold Harbor, Ya Mount Sterling Gen. Burbridge. Gen. Sturgis Gen. Burbiidge. Gens. Grant and Meade Gen. Meade Gen. Sherman . . Gen. Wallace. . . Gen. Augur. . . . Gens. Smith and Slocum Guntown Miss E. Kirby Smith . Gen. Morgan . . . Gen. Lee Gen. Lee Gen. Johnson. . . Gen. J. Early. . Gen. Early. Gen. Forrest . . . Gen. Early Gen. Hood Gen. Hood Gen. Lee Gn.Page & Adm. Buchanan... . Near Cynthiana, Ky Petersburg Ya . . Weldon Railroad, Ya Near Kenesaw Mt., Ga Silver Springs D C Between Poutotoc and Tupelo, Tenn Before Winchester, Ya Peach Tree Creek Ga . . . Gen. Averill Gen. Sherman. . Gen. Sherman . . Gen. Grant. Adm.Farragut & Gen. Granger. Before Atlanta, Ga Petersburg, Ya Mobile Bay, Ala CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE. 311 Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. Union. Kebel. Kemarks. 800 k., w., and m . 650 k., w., and m. 1000 p , 5000 k., w., and m 700k. 2800 w 97 k. 440 w. 225 m 300 40 k. and w 1500 300... Loss much greater. Loss not reported . 1000 k., w., and m. Not stated 275 k. and w., lip 9000k., w., and m. 2500 k.&w., 300 p. 8000 k., w., and m. 1500 p 986 k. & w. 200k. &w. 1200p". 700 p 1000 p Loss not reported . 305k. 275 w. 400 p 10,000 600 k. & w. 2500 p Loss not 1500 1000.. Not reported reported . 200 k., w., and m. 300 250 k., w., and m. 1713 k., w., andm. 3521 5000 k., w., and m. Not reported 100 k., many w. . . 2000 300 k. & w., 200 p. 5000 k. & w. 1000 p 10,000 1200 k., w., and m. 120 k. 88 w. 1756 p. Rebel Gen. Longstreet wounded. Gens. Wadsworth and Hayes killed. Loss about 15,000 on each side. Loss about 10,000 on each side. Gen. Jones defeated. Rebels lost between 3000 and 4000 prisoners, including 2 general officers and 30 pieces of artillery. Federals defeated. Rebels about the same loss. Rebels retreated. 3 guns and 3000 stand of arms, stores, etc., were captured, and a large number of rebels killed and wounded. Rebels defeated. Federals defeated and the town burned. Johnson flanked. Federals overpowered and forced to retreat. Rebels defeated. Early defeated. Gen. McPherson killed. K. and w. not reported. 150 guns captured. 312 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Rebel. 1864. Aug. 14 15-18 " 16 18-22 1 19 ; 21 4 21 4 24 4 25 4 31 Sept. 3 44 4 " 16 " 19 44 21 " 26 Sept. 29 to Oct. 1 Sept. 30 Oct. 2 44 7 44 9 44 10 41 13 w 13 " 19 " 19 44 26 44 2f 0. 28-30 44 28 Nov. 5 Strawberry Plains, Va Deep Bottom Va Gen. Grant Gen. Grant Gen. Merrill.... Gen. Kilpatrick and Col. Minty Gen. Warren Gen. Grant Gen. Sheridan. . Col. Siebold Gen. Grant Gen. Sherman. . Gen. Lee Gen. Lee Gens Lomax & Wickham .... Gen. Ross Fer- guson Crooked Run, Va Jonesboro Ga At Six Mile Station Va Gen. Pickett Gen. Lee Gen. Early Gen. Wheeler. . . Gen. Lee Gen. Hood On Weldon Road Summit Point Va. On the Weldon Road Drakesville & Penyville, Va. . Gen. Gillam Gens. Gregg and * Kautz John Morgan. . . Gen. Hampton. . Gen. Early Gen. Early Gen. Price Gen. Lee Bunker Hill, near "Winchester, Va Gen. Sheridan . . Gen. Sheridan . . Gen. Ewing. . . . Gen. Grant Fisher's Hill Va Richmond and Petersburg, Va. Preble's Farm \bingdon Va ... Gen. Burbridge. Gen. Butler. . . . Gen. Sheridan. . Gen. Corse Gen. Terry Gen. Gillem Gen. Sheridan . . Gen. Blunt Gen. Pleasanton Gen. Grant Col. Morgan . . . Gen. Gillam M i*. Gen. Echols Gen. Anderson. Gen. Rosser Gen. French .... Gn. Breckinridge Gen. Early Gen. Price Gen. Price Gen. Lee Rhoddy Darbytown Road and New Market Heights Fisher's Hill, Va Allatoona Ga ...... Darbytown Road, Va Bull's Gap Va Cedar Creek, Va Lexington, Mo Mins Creek, Mo Darbytown, Williamsburg Road, and Hatcher's Run, Va Decatur ... . . Norristown E Tenn Vaughn ... Fort Sedgwick, Va CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 313 Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners. Remarks. Union. Eebel. Total loss 1100... Total loss 4000... 70 250 p 2500 300 Rebel k. and w. not given. Rebels defeated. Rebels defeated. Rebel loss not reported. Rebels defeated. Rebels repulsed. Rebels repulsed. Morgan's staff taken prisoners. Morgan killed.. Rebel Gens. Rhodes and Gordon killed. 16 rebel guns captured. Rebels defeated. Rebel loss about 2400. Rebel k. and w, not given. Rebels defeated. Federals retreated. Rebel loss not given. Blunt defeated. Gens. Marmaduke and Cabell, 2800 wounded Rebels, and 1500 stand of arms captured. 8 pieces of artillery captured from the rebels. Rebels defeated. 314 k and w 1000 k., w., and m. 1500 p . 3000 .... 600 2000 900 30 150 lOOOk.&w. 3000p. 50 k. 439 w. 60 m. 300 110 k., w., and m. 3000 k. and w 600 k and w 1500 k. andw 5000 k., w., and m . 70 p 100 k. 75 p 90 k. and w 500 k. 4000 w. 2500 p 400k. & w. HOOp 1500 k. and w 9 k 60 w 6000k., w., and m. 500k. &w., 1500 p. 350 50 p 18k. 71 w. 21m.. 1000 330 p 275 k. & w., 500 p. 200 ...... 500 60 600 k., w., and m. 414 220 4000k. &w. 1300p 2800 k.&w. 1300 p 1000k. &w. 2000 p 400 k. 1500 w. 800 m 900 k., 1000 p.... 1600k.,w., and m. 400 p., many k.&w. 200 p ^ 120 100 70 314 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK Date. Names and Places of Battles, En- gagements, and Skirmishes. Commanders. Union. Eebel. 1864. Nov. 12 Nov 29 to Dec. 7 Nov. 30 Dec. 1 ic 7 " 13 " 14 15-21 Dec. 15 D. 15-16 " 17 23-25 1865. Jan. 15 Feb. 5-7 " 11 17-19 20-22 Feb. 27 toMh.10 March 2 " 10 " 11 " 16 " 19 " 29 27-25 April 1 Near Nineveh, Va Powell..-. Gen. Foster. . . . Gen. Lorn ax. . . Grahatnsville and Pocotaligo, s. c Franklin, Tenn Gen. Schofield.. Gen. Thomas. . . Rosseau Gen. Hood Gen. Hood Ferrest Nashville, Tenn Near Murfreesboro Kingsport, E. Tenn Gen. Burbridge. Gen. Burbridge. Gen. Sherman. . Basil Duke Bristol, Tenn Savannah, Ga Gen. Hardee . . . Forrest Near Murfreesboro . Nashville Gen. Thomas. . . Gen. McCook. . . Gen. Butler and Rear Ad. Porter Gen. Terry Gen. Grant and Meade Gen. Terry Gen. Schofield & Rear Ad. Porter Gen. Schofield & Rear Ad. Porter Gen. Sheridan . . Sheridan Gen. Schofield.. Cox and Couch . Gen. Sherman. . jen. Sherman . . Sheridan Hood Ashbyville Ky Gen. Lyon . . Port Fisher N. C Gen. Whiting. . . Gen. Lee Gen Hoke Fort Fisher. N. C. Dabney Mills and Hatcher's Run, Va Near Wilmington, N. C Fort Anderson, N. C Wilmington, N. C Gen. Bragg Gen. Early. .... Early Bragg Hill and Hoke.. Gen. Johnson. . . 3-en. Johnson. . . Sushrod Johnson Gen. Lee Gen Lee .... Waynesboro, James River, and Virginia Central Railroad. . Between Charlottesville and Staunton Kingston N C Kingston, N. C Averasboro N C Bentonville N C Quaker Road Gens. Grant and Meade Sheridan and Warren .... Five Forks CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK. 315 Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners. Eemarks. Union. Eebel. From 1200 to 1500 189 k. 1033 w. 1104m 150 p 2 rebel guns captured. Rebel loss not reported. Rebels defeated. Forrest routed, losing 14 cannon. Rebels routed. Forrest defeated. Ed. Johnson captured, also 47 guns and 7000 small arms. Lyon defeated. The fort and 72 guns captured. Killed and wounded not reported. Killed and wounded not reported. 11 guns, which was nearly the whole of Early's force, captured. 2000 rebels captured from the 8th to the 10th. Rebels repulsed. Rebels repulsed. Rebels retire. Loss on each side 500. All the rebel artillery captured. Davis flies by night from Rich- mond. 1750 k. 3800 w. 702 p Loss about 6500 . . Loss over 23, 000.. 207 p.. 150.. 400 300 p 600 k. & w. 1000 p 1500k. andw 23,000 loss . ... 6500 loss 195 100 k. & w., 280 p. 440 k. & w. 2500 p. 1500k., w., and m. 100 110 k. 536 w 147 k. 1038 w. 800 w.... 60 100 200 60 p 1072 p 69 5 k 1352 p 1800 p 1000 loss . . 1200k. &w., 400 p. 2000 327 k. 373 p 167k. 1625 p.... 300 74 k. 477 w 1646 180 k. 1240 w. 990 m 2200 k. Mobile bay Cumberland Minnesota Niagara Wabash and Union Minnesota Mount Vernon Massachusetts South Carolina Jamestown Powhatan Roanoke & Seminole Jamestown Roanoke and Flag Vandalia 3emsbok Susquehanna Connecticut Penguin & Alabama Alabama New London & R. B. Cuyler New London & II. R. Cuyler New London, &c Hatteras Bienville & Mohican Ethan Allen Ottawa, &c. Rowan's expedition M Pursuit Bienville Flambeau Tyler Daylight and Chip- pewa Huron Kanawha Perry, Lockwood & Ceres Deres Bri 01 Amy Warwick.. Alena Hampton roads Sloop . . Schooner . . . Schooner... Bri" Achilles Chandeleur island. . Ann Ryan Alvarado Abbie Bradford. Albion St. Mary's river Mississippi river. . . . Charleston Schooner . . . Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner .. . Schooner... Brig Lat. 30, long. 80 . . Key West Aristides Alert Ariel Brig Schooner . . . Schooner. . . Schooner... Ship Ariel Oct. 20 Sept. 13 Nov. 17 Nov. 25 Dec. 12 Nov. 22 Wilmington, N. C.. Off Cape Carnaveral Coast of S. Carolina. Tybee Albion Steamer Anna A. J. View Mississippi sound. . . Cedar Keys ....... Sloop Advocate Dec. I 1862 Jan. 10 Feb. 25 Schooner... Schooner . . . Sloop Yacht.... Steamer. . Anna Smith.... Arrow Atlanta St. John's, Florida.. West coast of Florida East coast of Florida Newbern N. C America Albemarle A. H. Partridge. March.. Mar. 14 Schooner. Schooner. Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Ship *' Anna Belle Alert Active Alfred Robb.... Alliance March. . Feb. 26 April 26 April 19 April 26 May 1 April 29 May 14 Mar. 6 May 26 June 1 June 7 Julv 16 Cape Blass St. John's, Florida.. Stono, S. Carolina. . Florence, Alabama. Captured at Fort Schooner . . . Sloop Steamer.... Schooner . . . Schooner . . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Albert Annie Alice Actor Andromeda Agnes H. Ward. Amer'n Coaster. Agnes Charleston . . . Gulf of Mexico Roanoke river Pamlico river, N. C. Mural Cuba Coast of S. Carolina Northern Light Pamunkey river. . . . ]Currituck .. Huntsvillo 320 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. "Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner . . . Steamer.... Steamer.... Schooner. . . Aouilla . . . 1862 Aug. 4 July 7 June 19 Mar. 25 April 10 Aug. 27 Sept. 25 Oct. 1 Aug. 23 Huron Quaker City and Huntsville Susquohanna&Kan awha Delaware Com. Perry, &c R. R. Cuyler Freeborn. Florida William Bacon. Essex Kensington, &c. Arthur Seneca Ellis Flag & Restless Huntsville Sagamore .Monticello Adela Ann Albemarle Bahamas Mobile Pungo river, N. C. . . Newtogan c'k, N. C Gulf of Mexico.... Potomac river St. Andrew's sound Ga Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Sloop Anna Sophia . . . Arctic Agnes Ann Squires.... Anglo American "Wicomico bay Mississippi river. . . TUK Ram . . Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner. . . Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Sloop Sloop . . Adventure A.B Annie Dees Adelaide Oct. 1 Aug. 15 Nov. 7 Oct. 21 Oct. 24 Nov. 15 Nov. 24 Dec. 10 Nov. 18 Corpus Christi. Charleston Sounds of N. Car. . . Bull's bay Anglia Ariel Agnes Alicia Ariel Lat. 24, long. S3" .. Shallotte inlet, is'. C Ann Avenger Antona Dec. 30 18G3. Jan. 5 Jan. 6 Feb. 3 Feb. 28 Feb. 8 Feb. 14 Feb. 25 Mar. 15 Mar. 28 Mar. 31 Mar. 23 Feb. 26 April 14 April 17 April 18 April 24 May 8 May 16 May 13 May 20 Gem of the Sea Sagamore Pocahontas Queen of the "West Wyandank Julia Tioga State of Georgia Sonoma Stettin Memphis Two Sisters Arizona Fort Henry Huntsville Wanderer Susquehanna W. World and S. Rotan Perry Flag, Cnnandaigua, "Wamsutta Courier Huntsville Yazoo Pass expedi- tion 59 Weehawken and Nahant Fort Henry Satellite Restless Bermuda Princess Roval Steamer. . . . Steamer. . . . Schooner... Boat Cape St* Bias A. "W. Baker... A.W.Thompson Mississippi river. . . . Pinev Point Caloosahatchie river Schooner... Brig . Annie Atlantic Steamer. . . . Schooner. Schooner. Sloop Schooner. Schooner . Schooner. Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Sloop Aries Bull's Bay, S. Car. . Mosquito inlet Suwanee river Havana Annie B Lat. 27% long. 83 .. Lat 29" long A. Carson Alma Amelia. .. Chesapeake bay .... At sea Schooner. . . Ram ... . A. J. Hodge.... Lat. 28, long. 86.. Iron-clad, rebel Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Brie.... Atlanta June 17 June 28 May 28 July 6 Aug. 15 Ausr. 10 Anna Maria.... Arctic Ann Artist Atlantic... Steinhathee river. . . Great Yiocomico Chnrlotte Harbor, Lat. 28% long. 95* . . Rio Grande FOU VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 321 Class. Name. Wben cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Steamer. . . . Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Brig Steamer.... Steamer Boat Schooner... Schooner . . . English sen. Schooner... British sch.. Steamer.... Sloop Alice Vivian.... Ann 1863 Aug. 16 Aug. 8 Gulf of Mexico Gilbert's bar De Soto Sagamore Mississippi squadron Shenandoah Eugenie Black Hawk Fort Henry Ladona Granite City Kanawha Braziliera Gov. Buckingham Fernandina S. Car., T. A. Ward Virginia Kanawha Chocura Ceres and Rockland Naval and army cap- ture Santiago de Cuba Kansas, &c. Mobile Aster Proteus Torpedo boat (Lieut. Cushirig) Kearsarge Katahdin R. R. Cuyler and others Princess Royal and Chocura Honeysuckle Pontiac Bienville and Prin- cess Royal Panola Sea Bird Minnesota Massachusetts Arabian Sept. 15 Aug. 14 Sept. 12 Oct. 7 July 13 Nov. 15 Oct. 27 Nov. Nov. 30 Dec. 8 Dec. 20 1864. Jan. 16 Mar. 3 April 12 April 19 May 14 May 3 May 12 July 28 Sept. 10 Oct. 31 Oct. 5 Oct. 7 Sept. 6 New inlet. N. Car.. Off the Rio Grande. Chandeleur island . . Atlantic Argus Alice Arctic Anita Amelia Ann.... Albert, or "VVe- At sea At sea...' Brazos Santiago.... Off Mobile Antoinetre Antonica Cumberland beach.. Off Wilmington St. Cath.'s sound... Off Ty bee island.... Off Savannah Annie Thomps'n Arietta, or Mar- tha Schooner... Steamer Mexican sch Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner... Rebel ram.. Rebel steam Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... Rebel sch... Sloop Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner . . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . Schooner. . . Schooner... Alliance Coast of Texas Off Eepiritu Santo Agnes Ann C. Daven- OffVelasco, Texas.. Arrow A.D.Vance.... Annie Annie Virden... Annie Ann Louisa.... Gatesville, N. C.... At sea Off New inlet Off Valasco. .... Near Cape Fear Lat. 26 30' N.; long. 89 30' "W . Alabama Albert Edward. Armstrong June 19 Oct. 31 Dec. 4 Dec. 7 1865. Jan. 17 Mar. 2 Feb. 7 Feb. 18 April 11 1861. May 15 June 23 July 16 Sept. 29 Oct. 3 Off Cherbourg, Fr.. Lat. 27 N.: long. 94 w Lat. 32 N.; long. 77 Off St. Louis Pass... Suwanee river, Fla. Savannah river Galveston Bay Pass Cavallo Annie Sophia. . . Anna Dale Annie Belle Conway. . Brilliante Basilde Crystal river, Fia.. Hampton roads Mississippi sound. . . Brunette Coast of Maryland. . Hatteras inlet Potomac flotilla Susquehanna Gemsbok Potomac flotilla Resolute W. G. Anderson Baltimore...... Beverly Potomac river Buena Vista.... Beauregard July 17 Nov. 13 Bahama channel.. . . 322 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Brig . B. F. Martin... Blooming Youth Black "Warrior. British Queen.. 1861 Jul y 28 Dec. 18 1862. Feb. - Mar. 1 April 27 April 26 Hatteras Union Perry Rowan's expedition Mount Vernon. Mercedita Uncas Csaac Smith Bainbridge. Rachel Seaman Sloop Alexandria, Va Elizabeth City Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Hole-in-Wall Belle British Empire. Charleston Marata nzas inlet. . . . Lat. 23, long. 83 . . Coast of Te> as Potomac river Coast of Texas. . . June 9 Sloop Aug. 12 Feb. Schooner... Sloop Breaker Bellefont Arthur Daylight Sagamore Naval and army cap- ture Octorara Admiral Farragut'a fleet Queen of the "West Potomska Tioga Fort Henry De Soto Brooklyn Santiago de Cuba Niphon Flambeau Cayuga San Jacinto Grand Gulf and Ful- ton Not known Blockading squadron Braziliera Mattabesett and oth- ers Fort Jackson Montgomery, &c. Adela Picket boats Virginia N. Atlantic squadron Panola Part of N. Atlantic squadron Part of West Gulf squadron H Dart Cumberland Belle Italia.... Brilliant July 10 Nov. 3 Dec. 1 1863. Jan. 1 Jan. 15 Jan. 19 Feb. 3 Feb. 23 Mar. 22 Mar. 25 April 24 May 27 June 25 July 29 June 23 July 2 Aug 7 Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner. . . Steamer.... Steamer.... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... SI GOT) New Topsail inlet . . Indian river. ....... By George Brave New Orleans, La Mississippi river . . . Sapelo sound Berwick Bay.. Belle Brothers Bangor 'Rrityhf Guff of "Me'xico ..... Lat. 26, long. 96 . . Lat. 25, long. 74... New Inlet . . Sloop ! B:azor Steamer.... Ship Schooner... Sloop Boat Britannia Banshee Bettie Cratzer. Blue Belle Coast of N. Car.... Sabine Pass Steamer. . . . Schooner.... Steamer.... Sloop Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer.... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner.... Gunboat. .. Rebel st'r-.. Rebel st'r.. Schooner... Schooner... Nov. 21 Dec. 16 1864. Jan. 3 Feb. 1 May 5 July 8 Oct. 10 Nov. 6 Nov. 27 Bigelow Bear Inlet Off Wilmington.... St. Andrew's sound Ga Buffalo Bombshell Boston Bat Badger. Off Plymouth, N. C. Off "Wilmington.... St George's Sound, Off Charleston, S. C. Galveston, Texas... Cap'e Fear river.... Lat. 28 N., long. 92 w :.... Belle Dec. 27 1865. Jan. 24 Feb. 2 Mar. May 10 l&l. Sept. 24 April 23 Ben Willis Beaufort Richmond, Va Tombigbee river. . . . Baltic Black Diamond Cecilia Cambria Hampton roads. . . . FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 323 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner... Schooner.. . Schooner. . . Schooner Schooner... Sloop Schooner. . . Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Steamer Steamer Sloop Carrie 1861 May 2 May 17 May 27 July 5 Aug. 8 April 7 Sept. 4 Dec. 6 Dec. 15 Dec. 31 1862. Jan. 23 Feb. Mar. Mar. 14 April 3 April 2 April 5 April 10 May 4 May 22 May 26 May'si May 13 Hampton roads. . . . Minnesota South Carolina Santee Massach usetts Jamestown Flag, Seneca. Poca- hontas, Augusta, and Savannah Stars and Stripes Harry Lewis, Water- "VVitch and New London Colorado, Rachel Seaman, and tend- er of Samuel Ro- tan Rowan's expedition Ethan Allen Panola Rowan's expedition Susquehanna Mercedita and Saga- more Montgomery Kanawha i Somerset Mount Vernon, Vic- toria, and State of Georgia Huron Arietta and Dan Keystone State Caihoun Mound City Alabama and Flam- beau Somerset Braziliera Saval expedition Rowan's expedition Commodore Perry and others Arthur Santiago de Cuba James S. Chambers Jacob Bell Crocker's expedition Montgomery Resoluto Velocity, Dan Ken- sington, and Ra- chel Seaman Huatsville Crenshaw Caroline C. P. Knapp Charles Henry. Col. Long Cheshire Dhandeleur island . . At sea Charity Hatteras inlet Biloxi Capt. Spedden. . Calhoun Southwest Pass Roanoke island West coast oiFla... Lat. 2fa, long. 84 . . tfewbern Charleston bar Caroline Schooner. . . Cora Schooner.... Sloop Clifton Coquette Pilot boat.. Schooner.. . . Schooner... Schooner... Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Steamer.... Schooner. . . Gunboat. . . . Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... . Schooner.... Schooner... Schooner. . . Propeller... Schooner. .. Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Steamer.... Sloop Sloop Schooner.... Schooner. . , Cvjjnet. . . Coast of Texas Mobile Charlotte. Cuba.. Coast of Cuba Constitution.... Cambria Lockwood's Folly in- let Charleston At Sea Charleston Bayou Bonfouca. . . . Cora Corypheus Catalina. . June 20 June 16 June 28 Mar. 14 April 10 July 9 Aug. 3 Aug. 23 Sept. 20 Oct. - Oct. 28 Nov. 8 Nov. 11 Dec. 22 Curlew Warsaw Sound Sounds of N. Car.... Newborn Caroline Virginia Comet Columbia Corelia Newtcgan c'k N. C.. Coast of Texas Lat. 28", long. 76... Lat. 23, long. 84.. Potomac river Chapel Point... Coast of Texas Lat. 29, long. 87... Glymont, Md Capitola Caperton Corse ,. Courier.... ... ? Lat. 24, long. 83... 324 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tureu. Where captured. By what vessel. Brig Comet... 18G2 Dec. 26 Dec. 27 1863. Jan. 19 H Feb. 27 Feb. 28 Feb. 23 Feb. 24 Mar. 25 Mar. 30 April 14 April 16 May 7 April 20 May 17 May 15 May 8 May 16 April 26 June 11 June 1 Tune 3 June 21 June 19 July 26 July 11 Aug. 7 July 29 lAbaco Santiago de Cuba Magnolia Admiral Faxragut'fl fleet Adolf Hugel New Era jrem of the Sea Wyandank Kanawha Mississippi squadron Sonoma McClellan Canandaigua and Flag Port Royal Schooner.. . . Ship Steamer.... Schooner.. . . Steamer.... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Sloop Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Brigantine.. Boat Carmita Marquesas keys.... New Orleans, La. . . Alexandria, Va...'! C. AFarwell... Ceres Chatham Curlew Indian river C.W.Worrell.. Clara Clyde Crotilda Cherokee Mobile ... . Campeachy bank. . . Lat. 28, long. 80.. Charleston bar. .... Cuba Hornet 3razy Jane C. Ronterean.... Clarita Lat. 28,long87... DeSoto Kanawha Tahoma S. Atlantic bleck- ad'g squadron. De Soto Florida Fort Henry and Beauregard Fort Henry and Beauregard 3ctorara and Tioga Tampa bay, Florida. Charleston. Lat. 26, long. 83... Wilmington Steamer.... Steamer Schooner... Sloop Calvpso . . . Charleston Crystal river At sea Hendrick Hudson De Soto San Jacinto Port Royal Port Royal April 20 July - July - July Dec. - Dec. July 11 Aug! 1 July 26 July 17 do. 19-26 Aug. 16 Aug. 14 Aug. 8 July 26 Nov. 8 Near Apalachicola. . ii J. L. Davia 0 J. L. Davis Gem of the Sea Mercedita and Saga- more Potomac flotilla Pursuit Ethan Allen Restless Hatteras Shepherd Knapp Keystone State Masonboro' inlet, N. Near Suwanee river. Coast of Texas Off Mobile .. Ellen Eliza Emily Experiment..... Jupiter inlet, Fia... Masonboro' inlet. . . . Coast of Texas Near Charlotte har. \t sea Elsie Emily Emma Henry. . . Ella Elvira Eco Emma No. 2.... ETpt Mills .. . Off San Luis Pass. . . Lat. 33N., long. 77 "W" Off Wilmington, N. Bull "War sound Off Galveston, Tex. Eoanoke river, N. C. Chesapeake bay Key "West F. "W. Johnson.. Forest King.... Fanny Falcon 1861. June 1 June 13 June 23 July 5 July 16 Aug. 26 Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Ship .. Mississippi sound.. . Eastern Shore, Md.. Apalachicola bay. . . . Finland ........ Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Fanny Lee Fairwind. Nov. 6 Aug. 29 Nov. 29 St. Simon's island. .. Florida Dec. 11 1862. Feb. Tumbalin light - Steamer. . . . Forrest . . Roanoke island Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner . . . Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner. . . Florida Mar. 10 Mar. 12 April 2 April 29 April April 6 Lat. 27 N., long. 84 Georgetown, 8. C... Floyd F. J. Capron... Falcon Florida Potomac river St. Andrew's Schooner... Steamer.... Bark Flash May 2 May 6 Sept 4 Aug. 22 Oct. 23 Dec. 29 Dec. 30 Fannie Laurie.. Fanny South Edisto Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Sloop..., St. Simon's Coast of Florida. . . . Flying Cloud... Flying Fish Magnolia. FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 329 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Sloop Schooner... Five Brothers... Florida Florence Night- 1883. Mar. 16 Jan. 11 Jan. 13 May 23 June 2 June 25 June 3 June 13 Aug. 12 Oct. 7 Sept. 12 Oct. 2 Oct. 10? Oct. Dec. 1 1864. Jan. 11 Feb. 10 Mar. 20 April 19 May 3 May 30 Aug. 5 Oct. - Oct. 22 Nov. 27 1865. Jan. 23 April 11 April "is'e'i." April 24 June 4 May 12 June 25 July 6 June 25 June 5 June 24 Aug. 29 Dec. 28 Dec. 30 1862. Mar. 29 Mar. 17 April 19 April 26 Lat. 27 N., long. 77 w ....:.... Octorara Tioga and Octorara Port Royal Primrose Sagamore and Two Sisters Stars and Stripes Juniata Princess Royal Black Hawk Genesee Bermuda Tennessee A. Hugel Honeysuckle Florida Honeysuckle Owasco Chocura Bermuda W. Gulf blockading squadron Wachusett Picket launches Princess Royal Fox Sea Bird Naval expedition Cumberland Quaker City Niagara Dawn Soulh Carolina Dawn Mohawk Daylight New London Santee R. R. Cuyler Hunchback, &c. Huron Gemsbok LaV. 25"N.', long. 77 W" Apalachicola Flying Cloud... Frolic Florida.... . .. Crystal river, Fla... St. Mark's light.... Lat, 23 N., long. 83 Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.. . . Steamer Schooner . . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... English sch. Steamer.... Sloop English sch. Schooner . . . Sloop Fashion Flying Scud Fulton Fanny Florrie Near Matamoras. . . . Red river Near Pascagoula. . . . Near Mat;igorda Off Rio Brazos ... Friendship Friendship F. U. Johnson.. Fly At sea Oil Alexandria, Va. Jupiter inlet, Fla . . . Oft New inlet Fanny & Jenny. Florida Fanny Fred, the Second At sea Off Velasco Off Brazos rivor Near Indian river . . Mobile Bay Rebel steam. Eehel arm'd steamer . . Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... gloop Fort Gaines Florida Flora Flash Fannie McRae. . Florida Bahia, Brazil Off Charleston, 8. C. Lat, 23" N., long. 97 "W .. Off St. Mark's, Fla.. Crystal river, Fla. . Richmond, Va Roanoke river, N.C. Hampton roads Rebel Iron-clad. Steamer Schooner . . . Bark Fredericksburg . Fisher George M. Smith General Green.. General Parkhill General Knox.. George G. Baker Ship Schooner . . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner . . . Steamer.... Schooner . . . Schooner... Schooner . . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... George B. Slcat. Gipsey. Good E*g . . St. Mark's. Fla Rappahannock river Pascagoula Grace E. Baker. G. H. Smoot.... Guide Gondar Glenn... Coast of Cuba Potecay creek, N. C. Capture of Fort Bark... 330 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer Sloop Gen. C. C. Pink- 1862 May 6 May 12 June 6 At sea Ottawa Hatteras Western flotilla H Fort Henry Teazer T. A. Ward Joint expedition Ariel Admiral Farragut'a fleet Gov.A. Moulton General "Lovell. Gen. Beauregard Berwick's bay " General Bragg.. G. L. Brocken- Oct. 15 Nov. 6 Nov. 16 Apalachicola river. . Chesapeake bay. .... St. John's river Cape Florida . . Sloop Sloop Steamer.... Sloop Grapeshot G. W. Green Gov Morton. . . Goodluck . . 1863. Jan. 6 Schooner... Schooner. . . Bark Galena George "W. Grice Jan. 11 George Alban. . . Jan. Steamer Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner.... Steamer.... Steamer Steamer Georgia, General Taylor. Glide Granite City... Jan. 11 Feb. 20 Teb. 23 'Mar. 22 !Mar. 19 iApril 16 Mar. 20 'April 27 April 24 'May 24 June July 29 Aug.- 'Aug. 23 Dec. 12 Chesapeake bay.... Tybee creek. . . . Crusader and Ma- haska Marblehead and Passaic Tioga Wissahickon Vanderbilt Ethan Allen Monticello De Soto Yazoo Pass expedi- tion Cambria Gem of the Sea Sunflower Jacob Bell Kennebeo Beauregard Daffodil and others Fox, tender to San Jacinto Connecticut Ariel, tender to San Jacinto Mara tanza Niagara Pembina Quaker City Isonomia Perry Gertrude Gipsey St. Joseph's bay Morrell's inlet, S. C. Gulf of Mexico Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Steamer Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Steamer Steamer. . . . Golden Liner... General Prim. . . Golden Age Glen Georgo General Worth Gold Leaf. ... Lat. 35N., long. 73 W Caloosehatch.ee river Lat 24N., long. 82 W ... . . .. ... General Beaure- gard Off Wilmington Off Mobile Grey Jacket Dec. 31 1864. G. Garibaldi.... Feb. 4 Gen. Sumter... Mar. 12 Good Hope April 18 Greyhound May 10 Gen. Finnegan.'May 28 G^orgiana Mc- June 2 Steamer.... Schooner. . . Steamer. . . . Sloop At sea At sea Chashcowitzka river Off Wilm., N. Car. Coast of Portugal.. Off Brazos, St. lago, Steamer.... Steamer.... Brig Aug. 15 Dec. 4 Geziona Hilli- Schooner.... Bark 1 1865. Gen. Burkhart. Mar. 17 Geo . Douth waite Mav 8 | 1861. H. M. Johnson. May 31 Lat. 26N., long. 96 vv Coast of Florida. . . . Near Cape Lookout. Schooner.... FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 331 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Haxall 1861 Hampton roads Mouth Miss, river.. Minnesota Brooklyn Union St. Lawrence Thomas Freeborn Wabash Vandalia Naval expedition M Pawnee Omsbok Resolute New London and R. It. Cuyler Jamestown Louisiana Rowan's expedition Bohio Isilda Arthur Connecticut Currituck Commodore Morris Ottowa Somerset, &c. Naval expedition Estrella Octorara Juniata Kanawha, &c. Ossipee Satellite Florida Tahoma Vincennes & Clifton S. Atlantic blockad'g squadron Tioga Niphon and others Calypso Sunflower Beauregard Virginia. Daffodil and others Para Liidona Eolus Bark Schooner.... Brig Hiawatha H. E. Spearing. Ilallie Jackson. Herbert May 20 May 29 June 10 Schooner.. . . Herald. July 16 Augi'21 Sept. 9 n April 21 Sept. 18 Nov. 22 Dec. 15 Nov. 13 1862. May 14 Mar. 8 June 5 Aug. 12 Oct. 30 1863. .Ian. 13 Jan. 22 Jan. 21 Coast N. Car Potomac river Sloop Brigantine. . Schooner.. . . Schooner.... Schooner. .. Schooner. . . Schooner.. . . Schooner. . . . Steamer.... Schooner.... Boat H. Day Hannah Balch.. H.*Iiddleton... H. C. Brooks... Henry Nutt Harriet P.Ryan Harmony Harford Henry Lewis... Havelock Henrietta Harriet & Sarah Henry Travers. Havana Charleston Hatteras . """11 Pope's creek, ,Md... Mississippi sound. . . Chincotea'ue Schooner.... Schooner.... Steamer.... Armed sloop Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Newbern, N. Car. Lat. 28N., long. 91 W Dead Man's bay.... Hatopton Harriet Dividing creek, Va. Chuckatuck creek.. Hettiwan Sloop Bloop Eebel armed steamer. . . Schooner ... Schooner. .. Schooner.. . Schooner.. . . Bloop Hortense Feb. 18 Mar. 24 April Lat. 29"N., long. 84 "W Helen Hart ... . . Handy Harvest April 22 April 30 May 17 June 30 June 22 June 21 June 18 July 18 June 10 Sept. - Aug. 18 Oct. 23 Dec. 24 1864. Feb. 4 Mar. 11 Feb. 20 Mar. 14 Mar. July 10 Oct. 22 Lat. 26N., long. 76* W Lat. 28N., long. 75 W Hunter Helena Henry Wolcott. Hattie . Mobile Schooner.... Schooner... Bark Coast of N. Car Lat. 28N., long. 82" Harriet H. McGuin Havelock (?) Herald Hebe Bay St. Louis Steamer Steamer Charleston .. . At sea Off New inlet, N. C. Off Fryingpan shoals Schooner. . Sloop Herald Hancock Sloop Bloop Hope Oft' Mosquito inlet.. San Luis Pass Near St. John's Fla. St. Mary's river. . . . Schooner.... Steamer Steamer Bloop Steamer.... Henry Colthurst Hattie Hard Times Hope Hope Off Wilmington 332 VESSELS CAPTDEED AND DESTEOYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Rebel st'r... Gunboat un- finished . . Schooner.... 1864 Richmond, Va Roanoke river, N. C. Hampton roads Naval expedition Minnesota Halifex Industry Iris..... 1861. May 15 May 27 Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Brie. Island Belle.... Isabel or W. R. King . Dec. 31 1862. Feb. 1 May 1 July 12 1863. Mar. 4 April 18 May 18 June 19 May 22 1864. April 10 May 28 July 4 July 8 1861. May 15 July 5 Aug. 2 Oct.""l Sept. 13 Dec. 26 Dec. 14 1862. Jan. 20 Jan. 24 Feb. 24 Jan. 25 Mar. 27 Mar. 25 May 11 May 3 June 6 Mar. 14 April 8 April 10 Mar. 28 July 28 Bull's Island light.. Atchafalaya bay. . . . New inlet, N. Car. . . Lat. 26N., long. 76 w Augusta Montgomery Jamestown Mercedita J. S. Chambers Gem of the Sea R. R. Cuyler United States Fort Henry Yicksburg Admiral Fleet off Mobile Sonoma Minnesota Daylight, &c. Thomas Freeborn Cambridge South Carolina Boat expedition from Colorado Morning Light State of Georgia R R. Cuyler Mercedita, &0. Harriet Lane Arthur Restless Cayuga. Kittatinny R. R. Cuyler. Western flotilla Vessels in sounds of North Carolina Commodore Perry, &c. Shawsheen, &c. Hatteras Katahdin Restless Cambridge Intended. Ida Ida Inez Isabel Isabella Thomp- son Isabella Schooner.... Schooner.... Schconer.... Schooner... Brig Charlotte harb'r Fla. [ndian River inlet.. Mobile .. . Lat. 41 N.. long. 67 W Sloop English sch. Steamer. . . . Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner... Bark.. Wacassassa bay At sea Isabel OS Galveston.. . Off Mobile Ida J. H. Etheridge. John Hamilton. Jane Wright... Julia Joseph H. Toone Judith Jorgen liorent- zen Jane Campbell.. J.W. Wilder... Julia Joanna "Ward... J. J. McNeil.... Julia "Worden.. Jesse J. Cox. . . . Julia Jane Jeff. Thompson. Jeff. Davis John J. J. Crittenden James Norcon.. Josephine Sapelo sound ....'. Hampton roads . . Potomac river... . Beaufort, N. Car . Barrataria bay. . . Pensacola navy vard I*tt 6 IS'., Long 370 w Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Steamer.... Beaufort, N. Car... Mobile bar Lat. 30 N. long. 80 W Corpus Christi. . . . Cape Roman pas- Mobile Lat. 26 N., long. 83 W Memphis Newborn Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Brig Schooner... Sloop....... Schooner... Pasquotank river, N. Carolina Newtogan creek, N. Carolira Little River, N. C. . . Ship Island, Miss... Mississippi sound. . . John Thompson J. C. Ilozer Sept. 2 Dec. 3 FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 333 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Sloop Sloop Julia John C. Calhoun J. C. McCabe... John Williams.. J.D Clark Joe Flanner. * . . 1863. Jan. 8 Jan. 22 Jan. 18 Mar. 19 April 8 April 24 May 4 April 24 April 23 May 24 June 16 July 17 Aug. 10 Sept. 22 Oct. 6 Sept. 13 Oct Sagamore Commodore Morris Zouave Octorara Elartford Pembina ^huckatuck creek . . James river Lat. 26 N., long. 76 W Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner. . . Schooner... Sloop Sloop . Mobile '' Gulf of Mexico..!!! Lat. 28" N., long. Kanawha De Soto Tioga Yazoo Pass expedi- tion Circassian Tioga De Soto, &c. Cayuga Connecticut Virginia Cimarron & Nau- tucket Tennessee Virginia Kennebec and oth- ers Penobscot Sunflower Virginia Estrella Conemaugh Proteus Nipsic Penobscot Augusta Dinsmore Adolph Hugel Fort Morgan Cbocura Acacia Seminole Matthew Vassar Mount Vernon Roebuck Potomac flotilla Brooklyn Pursuit James Adger, &c. JaneAdelie.... Justlna John "Walsh John Wesley... Julia James Battle... J. T. Davis Juno Jenny Jupiter lane Jenny John Scott Steamer.... Sloop Lat. 28 N., long. 83 W Schooner... Steamer Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Steamer Schooner... Sloop Mexican sch Schooner... Schooner. . . Steamer.... Sloop Lat. 25 N., long. 76 W Ri o Grande Off Wilmington, N. Car Off Rio Grande j^t gga Off Rio Brazos Oct. 6 1861 Jan. 7 Feb. 29 Mar . 24 April 11 April 6 April 30 June 27 July 12 Sept. 11 Oct. 28 Nov. 5 Dec. 5 Dec. 23 1865. Jan. 14 Feb. 8 1862. April 2 Dec. 27 1863. Feb. 25 May 28 June 23 Aug. 1 Off Mobile John Douglass.. Josephine. . .... Juanita OffVelasco, Texas.. Saversota sound.... Off San Luis Pass... Matagorda bay Off Mobile bar. Julia A. Hodges Judson Julia Off Sapelo sound. . . . Off Galveston Schooner... Schooner. . . Sloop James Williams John James Sandy... John A. Hazard Julia Off Velasco Off Alexandria, Va. Lat. 26 N., long. 96 W Schooner... Near Velasco, Texas Alligator creek, S. C. Off Brazos, St. lago, Texas Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Sloop Sloop Steamer.... Julia Josephine John Hale Kate Kate Kate Kate Kate Kate Coast of Florida.... St. Mark's river.... Point Isabel light*. . . i New Inlet, N. C.... 334 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. "Where captured. By what vessel. Steamer.... Steamer.... Sloop 1863 July 14 R. R. Cuyler Mississippi squad- ron. Tahoma and Adela Cumberland Quaker City- South Carolina Thomas Freeborn Penguin Cambridge Seminole Itaeca Portsmouth KaskasMa Kate Dale Oct. 16 1861. May 4 May 30 July 4 July 25 Aug. 11 Sept. 9 Dec. 1 1862. Jan. 19 Tampa bay. Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Sloop Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Propeller. . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Laurie Lynchburg Louisa Leon Louisa Louisa Agnes. . . Lida Lizzie Weston . . Hampton roads. . . Chesapeake bay.. Galveston Potomac river.... Cape Fear river . . Beaufort, N. Car.. Off St. Simonds... Feb. 1 Boca Chica Lynnhaven Lion Feb. Feb. 5 Mar. 4 Mar. 9 April April 4 April 10 Elizabeth City, N.C. Lat. 26 N., long. 93 Delaware Kingfisher Rowan's expedition Restless Potomac flotilla Pursuit. Keystone State Colorado Santiago de Cuba Delaware Bienville Western flotilla Albatros Beauregard Quaker City Bohio Penobscot Unadilla Greneral Putnam Bienville arid Pern- bina Ino Santiago de Cuba W. G. Anderson Mount Vernon Admiral Farragut'a fleet. Mahaska, &c. Bienville McClellan Currituck, &c Union Naval boat exp'n Santiago de Cuba Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Lizzie Taylor... Lydia and Mary. Newbern. .. . I!ape Roin an passage Schooner . . . Steamer.... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner... Schooner... Brig Sloop . ... Lewis White- May 6 May 27 Mar. 28 May 29 Tune 6 June 19 June 20 Tuly 3 June 21 Aug. 2 Aug. 4 Mar. 21 Aug. 23 Aug. 27 Aug. 31 Nov. 30 1863. Jan. 19 Jan. 8 Mar. 15 April 27 May 14 May 21 June July 15 Lucy C. Holmes. Lion LaCriolla. At sea Pantago creek,N. C. Little Rebel.... Lucy Lilla L. Rebecca Lizzie Lat 29 N., long. 83 "W" Hole in the Wall.... Sloop Steamer. . . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Bark Coast of North Caro- lina Ossabaw sound Powell's Point Lonely Bell Charleston La Manche Lat. 38 N., long. 69 Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Steamer. . . . Steamer. . . . Schooner... Sloop Lat. 27 N., long. 76 Lilly Levi Howe New inlet New Orleans, La.... White House . Little Magruder. Lightning Laura Dudley.. Ladies' Delight. Lat. '2*7'' N.*, long. 86 Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Urbana Va Lat. 26 N., long.84 Lady "Walton... Lizzie White river Lat. 27 N., long.75 W... FOK VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 335 Clasa Name. When cap- tured. Where captjja-ed. By what vessel . Schooner. . . Ste.-imer.... Sloop Lady Maria Louisville Last Trial 1863 July 6 Oct. Bay Port Fla De Soto and others Red river expedit'n Beaurcgard San Jacinto De Soto Stars and Stripes Beauregard Queen Beauregard and Nor- folk packet Penobscot Roebuck Owasco Red River Steamer Steamer. . . . Steamer. . . . Boat Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner... English soli. Sloop Lizzie Davis.... Leviathan Laura Lydia Louisa Sept. 16 Sept. 22 1864. Jan. 18 Feb. 4 Feb. 11 Mar. 11 Feb. 28 Mar. 1 April 17 April 21 June 30 July 9 Aug. 24 Sept 25 Nov. 2 Oct. 15 Oct. 12 Oct. 31 Oct. 12 Oct. 21 Nov. 9 Nov. 6 Nov. 24 Lat. 25 58' N., long. 85 11' W Off Southwest Pass . . Ockockney river. . . . Off Brazos River Linda Lilly Lauretta Off Mosquito inlet.. Off Velasco, Texas.. Off Indian River Off Velasco Lilly Laura Last Resort Little Ada Lilian Lynx Lucy Roebuck Gettysburg Keystone State and others Niphon and others Santiago de Cuba Mobile Chocura Calypso, Eolus, Fort Jackson Chocura Sea Bird Stepping Stones Fort Morgan Chocura i> Vfetacomet Penobscot Cornubia Cumberland Minnesota Powhatan South Carolina Roanoke Daylight Freeborn Wabash Brooklyn & StLouia Pawnee Gemsbok Dale Steamer Steamer Steamer Steamer Schooner . . . Schooner.. . . Steamer.... Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Sloop ..... At sea Off New inlet, N. C. Lat. 32 40' N., long. 77 48' W Off San Luis Pass. . . Near Aransas Pass. Off Wilmington.... Off Aransas Pass, Lady Sterling... Lucy Little Elmere. . . Lone OffBayport, Fla Mobjack bay. Va... Lat. 28 N, long. 95 W Schooner.. . . Bar of St. Bernard.. Near Velasco, Texas Off Velasco, Texas. . Off Galveston, Texas Arkansas Pass, Texas Galveston, Texas .. Charleston, S. C. .. Hampton Roads. .. > ... Mouth of Mississippi Schooner Schooner.... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner.-. . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Longboat. . . Schooner... Bark Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Lowood Lady Hurley... Lilly Dec. 4 Dec. 6 1865. Jan. 6 Feb. 18 May 25 Lecompte Lady Davis Mary & Virginia Mary Willis.... Mary Mary Clinton... McCanfield Mary Monticello Morning Star . 1861. May 4 May 14 May 15 May 30 July 4 July 13 July 26 North Carolina .... Rappahannock river Potomac river Mouth of Mississippi Hatteras inlet Mary Alice Macao Mary Wood.... Mary E. Pindar Mabel Aug. 3 Sept. 5 Sept. 9 Sept. 22 Nov. 15 Lat. 31N, long. 80 W 336 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Major Barhour. . Mars Mary Lewis.... Margaret, alias "Win. Henry. . 1862. Jan. 28 Feb. 5 Jan. 25 Feb. C Feb. 19 April 2 April - April 26 April 30 Racoon Point, La. . . Fernandina DeSoto Keystone State Kingfisher & others Sciota Brooklyn and others Mercedita, &c. Potomac river Santiago de Cuba Dupont's expedition Unadilla. Hatteras Anacoetia Gem of the Sea Bienville Cambridge, Stars & Stripes Magnolia Freeborn Stars & Stripes, &c. Arthur Kensington, &c. Arthur Kensington, &c. Essex T. A. Ward Octorara Admiral Farragut's fleet Commodore Morris. Quaker City Henry Janes, kc. Tahoma, &c. Queen of the West Potomac flotilla Victoria Onward State of Georgia, &c. Huntsville. Annie Gem of the Sea Ladona Powhatan Western World, &0. Currituck, &c. Courier Sophronia Primrose, &c. Do Soto Mantle river, Fla... Sloop Steamer.... Pilot boat.. Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Pass a 1'Outre Mary Olivia.... Monterey Apalachicola Potomac river Mersey Lat. 31 N., long. 79* Maria Magnet Mary Teresa Magnolia May 16 May 1 June June 3 June 27 " July 81 Aug. 1 Aug. 24 July 10 Charleston . . . . Piankatank river... Schooner. . . Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Sloop Mary Stewart... Morning Star. . . Modern Greece. . Memphis Mail. Mary Elizabeth. Monte Christo.. Frying Pan shoals. . Near Fort Fisher... At sea Coast of Texas Feb Coaat of Texas Sabine Pass Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Ship . . . Maria Mary Grey Mont Blanc. Metropolis. Nov. 12 Dec. 3 Dec. 19 Dec. 25 1863. Jan. 19 ~Nevr Orleans, La. . . . Sloop Music Jan. 22 Jan. 4 Chuckatuck creek. . . Schooner.. . . Schooner.... Steamer.... Schooner... Matilda Margaret Feb. 1 Feb. 8 Feb. 23 Feb. 18 Jan. 28 Mar. 24 April 6 April 13 April 8 April 20 April 19 April 24 May 13- 14. May 17 May 19 Juno 1 May 19 Lat. 27 N., long. 83 W Moro MaiL Minna Mississippi river.... Shallot inlet Brig Magicienne Mary Jane Minnie Lat. 22' K, long. 28' W Schooner.. . Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Brig Wilmington. Lat. 26* N., long. 82 W Mattie Maggie Fulton . Lat. 23 N., long 83 Indian river inlet. . . Bull's bay Schooner... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Schooner.... Major E. Willis Martha Ann. ... Maria Bishop... Mignionette.... Mississippian Charleston Chesapeake bay Urbana, Va Lawson'sbay, Va... Gulf of Mexico FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 337 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Steamer Steamer.. . Schooner.. . Schooner . . Steamer. . . Steamer.. . Sloop . Mobile.. 3863 Yazoo City Yazoo Pass exped'n Tahoru'a Itasca Iroquois Yankee Adolph Hugel De Soto W. G. Anderson Cosur de Lion, &c. Honduras & others Anne, tender to Fort Henry Keystone State and others Owasco and Virginia Kennt'bec Two Sisters, tender to San Jacinto Ariel, tender to San Jacinto Antona Circassian Bermuda Union B( auregard Roebuck Grand Golf Aroostook Scioto ' Nyanza Rachel Seaman Connecticut Honeysuckle Valley City Kanawha and others Magnolia S. Atlantic Block. Squadron J. P. Jackson and Stockdale Mackinaw Itasca Pocahontaa Kanawha Mary Jane June 18 July 24 July 2 Sept. 17 Sept. 13 Aug. 25 Clearwater harbor.. Brazos Santiago Ne w inlet, N. C.... Baltimore, Md Potomac river Lat. 28 32' N.. long. 8912'W ... . Merrimack .... Massachusetts . . Music Steamer Schooner.. . . Schooner . . Montgomery. . . . Mack Canfield. . May... British stmr British stmr Steamer Schooner. . . . Schooner Schooner.... Sloop Mail . Oct. 15 Oct. 20 Nov. 5 Nov. 4 Dec. 9 Nov. 27 Dec. 16 Nov. 26 Dec. 9 Nov. 14 1864. Jan. 13 Jan. 15 Jan. 10 Jan. 19 Mar. 6 Mar. 11 Mar. 12 April 4 April 13 May 9 April- 29 May 5 July 8 Sept. 10 Oct. 29 Dec. 8 Dec. 3 Dec. 8 Dec. 19 1865. Jan. 3 Martha Jane.... Margaret and Near Cedar Keys. . . . Off Wilmington Off Rio Grande Off Mobile Matamoras Marshal J. Smith Maria Alberta.. Magnolia Bay port, Florida Lat. 26 15' N., long. 82 W. . Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... Sloop Sloop Schooner. . . British sch.. Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner. British sch.. Eng.steamer English sch. Schooner. . . Steamer.... Steamer Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Schooner.... Sloop Lat. 26 22' N., long. 97 W Minna Lat 23 48' N., long. 78 3' W Mary Campbell. Mayflower ... Near Pensacola Sarasope Pass, Fla.. Minnie... . Maria Louise... Mary Off Wilmington Lat. 28 50' N., long. 95 5' "W M. P. Burton... Gulf of Mexico Off Galvesto i Mary Sorley.... Maudoline Maria Alfred... Atchafalaya bay. . . . Lat. 28" 50' N., long. 95 5' W Lat. 34 N., long. 75 28' W Miriam Lat. 25 25' N., long. 84 30' W M. O'Neill Off Washington, N. Carolina. Off coast of Texas.. Lat. 22 50' N., long. 85 47' W. Off Charleston, S. C. Pascagoular bar..... Lat. 32 N., long. 78 W. Off Pass Cabello, Tex Gulf of Mexico..... Off Velasco, Texas.. Matagorda Matagorda Mary Bowers. . . Medera Mary Mary Ann Morris Schooner Schooner.... Mary Ellen 338 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner... Schooner... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner. . . Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Iron-clad (rebel) Steamer. . . . Ship . Matilda. 1865 Feb. 11 Feb. 18 Feb. 11 Mar. 3 Mar. 16 Off Pass Cabello, Tex Aransas Pass, Texas Near Pass Cabello, Texas. Bayou Vermillion, Louisiana. Indian river, Fla... Penobscot i> H Glide Pursuit Minnesota Brooklyn, &c. Rowan's expedition Mercedita, &c. Bainbridge Sea Foam State of Georgia, &c. Mount Vernon, &c. Commodore Perry, &c. Alabama Tioga General Sherman, fee. Diana Montauk Victoria, &c. S. Atlantic Block. Squadron South Carolina Sagamore Rachel Seaman Yazoo Pass exped'n, Yankee DeSoto Lackawanna Sassacus Nita Roebuck Sunnower Kiplion Princess Royal Star Massachusetts Mary Agnes.... Matilde Malta Mary Mab June 3 1861. May 14 June 19 1862. Mar. 14 April 2 May 11 May 15 May 28 July 29 Charleston, S. C Mary T. Cotton. North Carolina. Nahum Stetson. Hampton roads Mouth of Mississippi river. Brie Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Schooner.... Sloop New Island Newcastle ... . Lat. 23 N., long. 83 W. Coast of Cuba New Eagle Nassau Napier Nathan'l Taylor Nellie Bteamer. . . . Brig Schooner.... Wilmington April 8 Sept. 23 Dec. 1 H Pasquotank river, N. Carolina. Ossabaw Sound, Ga. Bahama Banks Port Royal Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer .... Steamer Sloop.... Neustra Sonora de Regla. Nashville 1863. Feb. 28 Mar. 21 April 19 Mar. 29 April 26 April 22 May Fort McAllister..... Cape Fear river.... Nicolailst Neptune Nellie... Port Royal Schooner.... Schooner.... Steamer. . . . Schooner Steamer.... Steamer Steamer.... Steamer Sloop New Year Tortugas Coast of Texas Natchez Nanjemoy Nita July 15 Aug. 17 June 14 1864. Feb. 4 Feb. 24 Feb. 27 May 6 Sept. 29 Nov. 19 1865. April May 10 186L May 16 June 23 Gulf of Mexico Lat. 25 N., long. 85 W. New river inlet Nutfield Nan-Nan Nina. Suwannee river Indian river Steamer.... Schuoner.... Steamer.... Iron-clad (rebel).... Bark Schooner-... Night Hawk. . . . Off 'Brazos* de Santi- ago, Texas. Richmond, Va Nansemond Nashville Octavia Hampton roads Mississippi sound... Olive Branch... FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 339 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner. . . Pungy Ocean Wave.... Ocean Wave.... Olive Osceola 1861 Sept. 9 July 18 Nov. 22 Dec. 9 1862. Jan. 21 Jan. 10 Feb. Mar. 14 April 2 July 24 Oct. 14 Dec. 1863. Jan. 19 April 15 May 16 Aug. Oct. 23 1864. May 1 April 27 April 18 Aug. 24 1861. May 25 June 9 June 7 July 28 Aug. 22 Sept. 28 Dec. 24 1862. Mar. 14 Hatteras inlet Pawnee Resolute New London, &c. Kingfisher, &c. Katteras Santiago de Cuba Rowan's expedition M ercedita Quaker City Memphis Calhoun Admiral Farragut'a fleet Monticello Two Sisters Norfolk packet Fox, tender to 8. Jacinto Union Beau regard Narcissus Schooner Sloop Mississippi sound. . . Schooner. . . . Schooner.... Sloop Steamer.... r^loop Schooner.... Steamer Schooner.... Bar kan tine . Schooner... Schooner... Steamer British sch.. Sloop Eng. schn'r. Schooner... Schooner. . . Bark Olive Branch... Ocilla O. K Old North State. Octavia Coast of Florida. . . . Cedar Keys A.ppalachicola.. Lat.22N., long. 87" W. Coast of Carolina. . . New Orleans Little River inlet, N. Carolina. Anclote Key Orion Ouachita. Orion Ocean Eagle Odd Fellow..... Oliver S. Breeze Oconee Ocean Bird Oscar. O K.. STear Savannah OS St. Augustine in- let. Lat. 26 5' N., long. 83 20' W. Coast of Florida.... OS St. Augustine, Florida. Biloxi bay Oramoneta Pioneer Sampton roads Gulf of Mexico Pass & 1'Outre... . Minnesota. Massachusetts. Brooklyn. St. Lawrence, ollector of the port Susquehanna Gem of the Sea Rowan's expedition Portsmouth Owasco Hatteras, &c. Hatteras Bienville Susquehanna Currituck Vessels in sounds of N. Carolina Penobscot Reliance Octorara Currituck Chocura Tioga Unadilla, &c. Vanderbilt Gem of the Sea Ship Bark Perthshire Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Petrel Prince Leopold. Prince Alfred... Prince of Wales. P. A. Sanders. . . Palma Charleston New York Hatteras inlet. Pioneer Feb. 20 Mar. 16 April 4 May 17 May 26 May 29 June May 7 Mar. 14 Nov. 2 Schooner. . . Steamer.... Sloop Steamer. . . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner... SloOD President P. C. Wallis.... Poody Patra* Providence Princeton Planter Mississippi river Pass Christiana Vermillion bay Tortugas banks Pamunkey river . . . Post Boy Pointer .... Prize Potter Pride Pearl Princess Royal. Peterhoff Petee Oct. 31 Dec. 20 1863. June 3 June 21 June 20 June 29 Feb. 25 Mar. 10 Boat. Sloop Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer.... Sloop, Potomac river Frying Pan shoals. . Charleston St. Thomas VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer.... Steamer.... Sloop Steamer.... Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Small boat.. Steamer Sloop Pacifique Pushmataha. . . . Planter 1863 Mar. 27 June 13 June 15 Dec. 20 Sept. 23 1864. Feb. 2 Feb. 16 Mar. 12 June 9 July 8 Oct. 29 Oct. 27 St. Mark's 'stars and Stripes Sunflower Lacka wanna Fox, tender to S. Jo- ciuto Connecticut Lehigh and others Montgomery Massachusetts and others Newbern Azalia and Sweet Brier S. Atlantic Blockad- ing squadron Sciotk Pursuit Sunflower Boat expedition Honeysuckle Estrella, &c. Potomac flotilla Thomas Freeborn Yankee Cambridge Dart Expedition from Sau tee Hatteras Mercedita, &c. Potomac flotilla Kanawha Bienville Pawnee and others Rhode Island Hatteras Arthur Huntsville Connecticut Wyandank Monticello, &o. Penobscot "W. G. Anderson Daylight Octorara Two Sisters Lat.27N.,long. 86 Powerful Suwannee river.... Near Rich inlet, N. Phantom Presto Pet Persis Pevensey Pocahontas Prince Albert... Pancha Larispa. Sullivan's island.... Off Lockwood's Fol- ly inlet Off Wassaw sound, Ga Off Charleston, S. C. Off Velasco, Texas.. Near ludian river, Petrel.... Pickwick Pet Dec. 15 Dec. 6 1865. Feb. 7 Mar. 3 Jan. April 1863. April 1861. July 16 New inlet, N. C.. . Coast of Florida. . Galveston bay ... . Suwannee river. . . Sounds of N. Car . Richmond, Va... . Red river, Ark Eastern Shore, Md. Schooner... Sloop Steamer.... Rebel steam. Ram Philadelphia.... Patrick Henry . Qu'noftheWest Ring Dove Schooner . . . Sloop Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Armed rebel schooner.. Sloop Remittance Aug. 28 Sept. 10 Bea'ufo'rt, N." C '..'.'.'. Royal Yacht.... Rattler Nov. 7 1862. Jan. 10 April 2 April 20 May 29 June 6 June 4 April 4 July 9 July 21 Sept. 9 Sept. 5 Oct. 11 Oct. 22 Sept 17 Oct. 30 1863. Jan. 10 Feb. 1 Galveston Cedar Keys Schooner... Schooner... Schooner . . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Steamer.... Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner... Brig Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Sloop... Rose R. C. Files Mobile Stono inlet Rich'd O. .Bryan Resolution Coast of Texas Coast of Texas. Reliance Rambler Rising Sun Revere Robert Bruce . . Lat. 28 N., long. 94 W Cape Fear river Shallot inlet, JS T . C.. Racer Rising Dawn... New inlet, N. C Bocos Grande . . . FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 341 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner. . . Steamer Sloop 1863 New Era Conestoga, &o. J. S. Chambers Octorara Fort Henry. &c. Mount Vernon, &c. W. G. Anderson Kanawha De Soto Yazoo Pass exped'n. Primrose IJ. S. Chambers Jasmine Owasco Louisiana Gem of the Sea Cceur de Leon James Adger Roebuck New London Western Metropolis San Jacinto Minnesota and oth- ers Beauregard Roebuck Virginia Beauregard Wamsutta Proteus Keystone state Hope Stepping Stones Proteus Fox Quaker City South Carolina Cumberland Minnesota Perry Quaker Ci'.y Minnesota Hose Hamilton. Relanpag) Rosalie Feb. 12 Mar. 4 Mar. 16 Mar. 25 Ap'nl 15 May 18 April 24 May 24 Carson's landing. . . . Charlotteharbor.Fla Lat. 26 N., long. 76 W Sloop Sloop Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Steamer.... Rani . .. Eising Dawn... Royal Yacht... Ripple Rapid R. J". Lockland. Republic Crystal river New inlet. ... Galveston . . . Mobile Gulf of Mexico Sloop Richard Vaux.. Rebekah June 20 June 18 July 14 July 21 July - Aug. 31 Sept. 15 Nov; 9 Dec. 17 Dec. 3 1864. Jan. 28 Jan. 7 Jan. 11 Jan. 31 Feb. 29 April 13 May 12 June 2 June 9 July 2 Aug. 2 Nov. 9 1865. Feb. 27 Mar. 2 April - April - Mar. 12 1861. Sept. 11 May 1 Vfay 17 June 3 June 26 Fu;y 1 Potomac rivor Lat. 27 N., long. 83 Schooner... Sloop Relempago Lat. 2*5 N., long. 82 W Schooner... Schooner... Renshaw Richard Washington, N. C.. Charlotte harbor... Schooner... Steamer.... British sch.. Mexican sch Steamer.... Schooner... Steamer Sloop Schooner... Sloop Sloop ... . Robert Knowles R. E. Lee, for- merly Giraffe. Ring Dove Raton del Nilo. Rosita. Oft' Wilmington.... Off Indian river, Fla East of Padre island, Texas. Gulf Lat. 26 23' N.: long. 83 59' W. Near Lockwood's Folly inlet. Off Cape Canaveral. Indian river Racer Rebel Rosina San Luis Pass.. Cape Canaveral Off Georgetown .... Lat. 28 2' N. ; long. 77 W. Lat. 32 50' N. ; long. 75 40' W. Off Bull's Bay. . Steamer....- British sch.. British st'r. Sloop . Rose R. S. Hood Sloop Reliance Ruby Rob Roy Mobjackbay, Va... At sea. . Steamer. . . . Schooner... Iron-clad, rebel. Iron-clad, rebel. Brig Schooner... Schooner... Bark Schooner... Bark Schooner. . . Steinhatchie river, Fla. Richmond, Va Lat. 27 N., long. 96 W . Galveston. I. .. Richmond Roanokc R. H. Vermilyea SoledadCos Sarah and Mary Star Savannah SallieMagee.... Sally Mear*.... Hampton roads Hampton road? 342 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel Schooner... Schooner... Bark Sam Houston... Shark 1861 July 7 July 4 June 26 Aug. 3 Sept. 10 Sept. 28 Oct. 12 Oct. 13 June 8 South Carolina Rattlesnake shoals. . Wilmington Hatteras inlet Vandalia. &c. Wabash Pawnee Susquehanna Dale Keystone State Resolute Louisiana Bienville Supply Hatteras DeSoto Rowan's expedition Ethan Allen Rowan's expedition Potomac flotilla Kanawha Onward Bienville Bainbridge, &c. Sea Foam Western flotilla Penobscot Keystone State, &c. Hatteras Vessels in sounds oi N. Carolina General Putnam Wyandank State of Georgia, &o. Arthur Restless Daylight, &c. T.A.WaW Diana Admiral Farragut's fleet Schooner... Schooner..* Schooner... Schooner. . . Steamer.... Schooner.... Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Sarah Starr Susan Jane Specie Salvor Lat. 3l" N., long. 80 W. Sarah & Carol'e Stephen Hart. . . Staff Dec. 11 1862. Jan. 29 Jan. 10 Feb. 8 Feb St. John's river Lat. 24 N., long. 82 "W Cedar keys Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Schooner. . . Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Sloop Slar Bayou Lafourche. . . Roanoke island "West coast of Fla... Spitfire . . Mar. Mar. 14 April - April 10 May 1 May 24 May 15 June 5 June 6 June 14 June 20 June 3 Mar. 14 June 9 April 19 Aug. 11 Sept. 22 Sept. 28 Feb. - Oct. 24 Nov. 4 Nov. 16 Dec. 1863. Jan. 19 Jan. 8 Feb. 20 Feb. 3 Mar. 30 Mar. 13 Sarah A. Fal- coner. Sarah Ann Sidney C. Jones Sea Foam Southern Inde- pendence. Sarah Stettin Off Mobile .. Bull's bay Charleston Lat, 23 N., long. 82 W. Coast of Cuba Swan... Sarah Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Schooner . . . Steamer.... Sereta . . Shallow inlet, N. C. Charleston Sarah Sarah Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Steamer Steamer.... Sloop Steamer.... Bark . . Susan Ann How- ard. Scupper nong... Newbern Indian Town, N. C. S. C. Jones Southerner New inlet, N. C.... Coast of Texas Bull's bay Swan Scotia Sophia Masonborough inlet Sloop S. W. Green . . . Southern Mer- chant. St. Charles Sallie Rohinson. Silas Henry Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Steamer.... Schooner.. . . "Bark New Orleans, La. . . Point Rosa, Florida. Lat. 25 N., long. 73 W. Little River inlet. . . Lat. 26 N., long. 83 W. Tahoma Julia, &o. Sonoma Monticello Huntsville Schooner... Schooner... Schooner... Springbok Sue Surprise FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 343 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Steamer.... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Sloop 1861 April 18 April 22 May 6 May 8 May 13 May 9 May 15 May 24 Cape Remain inlet.. Fort Fisher, N. C... Stettin Mount Vernon, &c. Dragon Primrose De Soto Aroostook, &c. Cnnandaigua Yazoo Pass exped'n Brooklyn Itasca. Tahoma Satellite Fort Henry Sagamore St George Samuel First. . . . Sarah Lavinia.. Sea Bird Curritoman river. . . Lat. 29 N., long. 87 W. Mobile . Steamer.... Steamer... . Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.. . . Schooner.. . . Sloop Schooner Star of the West Star Sea Drift May 30 June 22 June 6 May 28 Aug. 6 Aug. 8 Brazos Santiago Matagorda island. . . Tampa, Florida.... Great Wicomico.... St. Martin's reef. . . . Gilbert's bar. ....... Sarah. Southern Star.. Southern Rights Shot Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Steamer. . . . Stenmer. . . . British bark British sch.. Bark. Sir William Peel St Mary's Aug. - Off Rio Grande Yazoo City.... Seminole Mississippi squadr'n Union Tahoma and Adela Vanderbilt Connecticut Owasco & Virginia Huron Roebuck Patapsco Norwich and others Penobscot Connecticut Dan Smith & others Virginia Tioga Beauregard Keystone State Norfolk packet W. Gulf blockading squadron Metacomet losco Metacomet O. H. Lee Malvern & others Gladiolus & others Marigold Honeysuckle Cumberland Minnesota i Massachusetts Oct. 8 Oct. 16 Oct 30 Dec. 20 Nov. 5 1864. Jan. 2 Jan. 11 Feb. 9 " Feb? 29 Mar. 1 Mar. 3 Mar. 9 Mar. 20 April 7 June 5 June 26 Aug. 5 Dec. 31 Nov. 21 Nov. 27 Dec. 10 1865. Jan. 19 Feb. 18 Feb. 25 Feb. 28 April' Lat. 31 N., long. 80 W. Scottish Chief..-. Coast of Africa Off Wilmington.... Off Rio Grande Doboy sound, Ga... Otf Jupiter inlet Wassaw sound St. John's river FortCaswell, N.C.. Off Velasco. Texas.. Lat. 32 34' W., long. 77 18' W. Altamaha sound, Ga. Off Coast of Texas. Off Elbow Li eht.... Off Cape Canaveral. South of Cape Look- out Mosquito inlet. . . . . . Sallie British sch. En?, sch'ner Schooner.... Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Schooner... Steamer. . . . Schooner. . . Schooner... Sloop Swift St. Mary's Spunky Siingray Scotia Sophia. Sylphide Schooner... . Steamer.... Sloop Spunky Siren Sarah Mary.... Selma Sea Witch Sybil. Susanna Sorts. Stag Syren Salvador . Steamer.... Schooner.. . . Schooner... Steamer Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer. . . . Schooner.. . Schooner. . . Brig Lat. 27" N., long. 93 W. Off Campeachy b'ks Cape Fear river.... Charleston, S. C.... At sea Sort Sar. M. Newhall Shrapnell Cedar keys, Fla S. A. squadron..... Richmond, Va Rebel stm'r Eebel stm'r Schooner... Schooner Schooner.. . . Theresa C Tropic Wind TrosFreres 1861. May 4 May 20 June 23 Hampton roads Mississippi sound... 344 VESSELS CAPTUEED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. "Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner... Sloop Ship Tom Hicks 1861 July 9 South Carolina Dana " Roanoke, &c. Cambridge Kingfisher Restless Octorara Maratanza Kensington Free born Albatross W. G. Anderson Sagamore Crusader Admiral Farragut'a fleet Cambridge H. Hudson Cayuga, &c. Satellite Sagamore Mississippi squadr'n Curiituck & Fuchsia Granite City Roebuck Nita Kansas Fort Jackson Roebuck W. Gulf blockading squadron Wyalusing Quaker City Part of N. A. B squadron Harriet Lane Tahoma J. S. Chambers Teaser July 5 Sept. 1 Oct. 15 Nov. 6 1862. Jan. 30 Feb. 14 July 24 T. J. Evans Thomas Watson T. W. Riley.... Teresita Chesapeake bay Charleston Sloop Span. bark.. Schooner.... Steamer.... Schooner.... Tug Rappahannock river Theo. Stoney... Tubal Cain Bull's bay Lat. 31 N., long. 78 W. Teaser ,luly 4 Aug. 13 Oct. - Sept. 21 Sept. 4 Oct. 28 Schooner Sloop Troy Thomas Reilly.. Two Sisters Quantico Crceli Schooner Schooner.... Schooner... Steamer.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner. . . Schooner... Steamer. . . . Steamer.... Span. bark- British sloop Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer Eng. sch'ner Rebel ram.. Schooner.... Sloop Rebel ram.. Steamer..... Schooner... Schooner... Steamer..... Lat, 28 N., long. 93 W. Trier Tobacco, 4 boxes Tennessee. Mobjack bay New Orleans, La. . . New inlet 1863. Jan. 19 Jan. 23 Mar. 16 Mar. 3 Aug. 17 July 24 July Oct. 21 Nov. - 1864. Feb. 25 April 11 May 15 June 4 July 10 Aug. 5 1865. Jan. Mar. 16 Mar. Mar. - Time Theresa. Lat. 27" N.. long. 83 W. Three Brothers. Turpentine, 11 barrels. Tom Sugg Three Brothers. Teresita Great Wicomico. . . . Cape Canaveral.... Near Rio Grande. . . Off Indian river Homasassa river .... Lat. 34 & N., long. 77 27' W. Lat. 32 38' N., long. 75 55' W. Off Indian riv. inlet. Mobile bay Two Brothers. . . Three Brothers. Tristr'm Shandy Thistle Tennessee Perquimon's river, N, Carolina. Lat. 25 N.; long. 96 W. Richmond Va Telemico Texas Richmond Va Charleston, S.C Union Uncle Mose Union 1861. June 5 1862. July 7 Aug. 25 Coast of Yucatan... Lat. 23 N.: long. 85 W. FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 345 Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Steamer. . . Union 1863. (May 19 1861. July 4 July 18 Dec. 26 Dec. 3 1862. April 10 May 15 July 2 July 12 June 19 Sept. 30 1863. Jan. 18 Feb. 28 May 28 May 30 June 21 Oct. 21 Nov. 5 1864. Jan. 12 Dec. 1 1865. Mar. 1861. May 15 Lnt.27]Sr.:long, 85 W. Galveston Huntsville South Carolina Albatross Rhode Island Santiago de Cuba lanawha Calhoun Gem of the Sea, &c. ilercedita Horning Light Crocker's expedition Wachusett Wyandank Tuniata Brooklyn Santiago de Cuba Nansemond )wasco & Virginia Jeauregard Rhode Island Minnesota iuaker City Crusader Ternandina Hatteras n 'ortsmouth. Restless Water Witch G. W. Blunt Santiago de Cuba Hunchback, &c. Dalhoun, Montgomery Durrituck, &c Bohio. Dom'dore Perry, &c, DeSoto Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Sloop Coast of N. Carolina Lat, 28 N.; long. 93 W. Point Isabel Venus Victoria Victoria Mobile Venus Lake PoLchartrain. Georgetown, S. C . . . Lat. 26 N.: long. 76 W. Mobile bay Volante Victoria Venture Schooner. . . Steamer.... Sc ooner... Steamer Sloop Steamer Steamer.... Brig . Velocity if ugue's island Vesta.. Point Isabel Victory Lat. 25 K; long. 75 W. New inlet, N. C Off Rio Grande Oif Cape Canaveral. Between Tubb's riv- er and Little inlet, N. Carolina. Lat. 32 N.; long. 78 W. Richmond,. Va Venus Volante British sea. Steamer. . . . Steamer. . . . Rebel iron- clad Schooner.... Fchoonsr... Bark Voiante Vesta Vixen Virginia William & John William Henry. Winifred Wanderer William H. Nor- throp. WyfeorNye.... William H. Mid- dleton. Wave lampton roads May 25 May 14 Dec. 25 1862. Jan. 10 Feb. 1 Feb. 14 May 5 April 19. April 23 May 21 May 6 June 3| May 5| June 27 July 9| July 1 Cape Henry Yacht Key West Schooner. . . Schooner.... Sloop Cedar keys Boca Chico Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner Schooner... fcch ooner... Steamer.... Schooner.... Sloop Sloop Steamer.... Schooner.... Wandoo Bull's bay William Mallory Wave 1 W. C. Bee Winter Shrub...; Whlteman Will o' the Wisp Water Witch..., Wave Wilson William ' St. Andrew's bay... Georgetown . . ' Keel's creek, N. C . . Lake Pontchartrain. Rio Grande Mississippi sound. . . Hamilton, N. C Sabine lake, La 346 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Class. Name. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Schooner.... Sloop We^t Florida 1862. Kensington, &c. Arthur E. B. Hale Corypheus Montgomery New Era Conemangh Sacramento Octorara Wabash, &c. De Soto, &c. Cayuga Mercedita Gertrude Two Sisters, tender to San Jacinto Restless Norwich, &c. Virginia Hendrick Hudson Fort Jackson Arkansas Cumberland Union Roebuck Grand Gulf Elk Connecticut Huntsville New London M ississippi Squadr'n Adolph Hugel Water Witch... Wave Water Witch. . . Wm, E. Chester Wm.H.Harrison Wm. A. Knapp. Sept. 27 Nov. 4. Aug. 24 Nov. 20 1863. Jan. 24 Corpus Christi Arizona Pass Schooner... Steamer.... Steamer Schooner... Schooner.... Schooner. . . Steamer.... Schooner... British sch. Steamer British sch. Schooner. . . Steamer. . . . Schooner.... Schooner.... Steamer.... Schooner. . .. Steamer. . . . Steamer. . . . Tug Wave Queen. . . . Wanderer Feb. 25 May 2 April 20 May 13 July 18 Aug. 22 Oct. 28 Aug. 16 1864. Jan. 13 Jan. 22 Feb. 1 Feb. 15 Mar. 21 Oct. 21 Sept. 27 1865. Feb. 9 Jan. 21 1861. April 24 North Santee W.Y. Leitch... Wonder Lat. 26 N.; long. 76 W. Port Royal, S. C.... Wm. Bagley Wave William Lat. 26 N.: long. 96 W. Lat. 26 N.; long. 86 W. Off Suwannee river. St. Andrew's bay. . . Stump ii.let, N. C... San Luis Pass William Wm. A. Kain... Wild Payrell . . . Wm. Douglass.. Wild Pigeon.... Wando Florida coast Lat. 33 5' N. ; long. 76 40' W. Lat. 28" 40' N.: long. 90 53' W. Off Galveston, Texas Mississippi Squadr'n Hampton Roads. . . . Cape Hatteras Watchful . .. Will o' the Wisp WInona Young America. York Rebel priv'r schooner. British slo'p Steamer.... Sloop Schooner. . . Schooner... Schooner. . . Young Racer... Young Republic Yankee Doodle. Zeland 1864. Jan. H May 6 June 10 1861. Nov. 21 Oct. 1 Near Jupiter's inlet. Lat. 32 10' N.; long. 78 49' W. Entrance to Pearl river, Miss. OffTampico bay Vermillion bay Zavala Sloop Zion 1864. Noy. 2 ..... FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 347 MISCELLANEOUS CAPTURES. Description. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. 1861 Dec. 11 May 28 Oct. 5 Oct. 11 Aug. 16 Nov. 15 Off St. John's river, Fla.. Bienville Resolute Louisiana Jnion Yankee Bam Houston Arthur Bienville Mercedita, &o. Huntsville Hatteras Chincoteague inlet gloop Potomac river Pass Cavallo Dec. 15 1862. Jan . 24 St Andrew's Bark Jan. 23 Jan. 10 Mobile bar Sail-boat 1 iron windlass 5 barrels of lard, &c. Mar. 14 Roanoke N C Naval expedition Commodore Perry Ariel. Rowan's expedition Louisiana, &c. Feb. 10 Jan. 22 Feb. Elizabeth City Schooner Feb. 12 Edenton N C > Lieut. Jeffer's expedition New London !> S. Atlantic Blockading Squadron Jacob Bell, &c. H Hatteras Huron Alabama Santiago de Cuba Tahoma Santiago Cuba Amanda Kanawha Corwin, &c. Rhode'lsland Naval expedition Delaware 2 fishing schooners.. Isle au Pied. . Mar. 3 Sloop April Rappahannock river April 12 April 26 May 8 ('oast of South Carolina. Bull's bay April 24 June t> C*r*f\< I Memphis'. Mar. June 17 June May - May 4 July - Near Sabine river Table land of Mariel Fort Morgan Bark Schooner, (supposed to be Monticello.) "West Point, Virginia Coppohosal 1,200 bars railroad iron. St. Simon's sound, Ga. . . Newborn, N C Steamer Mar. 21 348 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Description. "When cap- tured. "Where captured. By what vessel. Sloop 1862 Aug. 11 Aug. 12 July 10 July 29 Sept. 26 Oct. 1 Oct. 3-5 Oct. 9 Oct. 17 Oct. 24 Nov. 1 Potomac river Arthur Pittsburg State of Georgia Eureka. T. A, Ward Jacob 'Bell Matthew Vassar Freeborn T. A. Ward Cambridge Daylight Chocura E. B. Hale General Putnam, &c. i) Crusader Mt. Vernon, &C. Dan Smith Calhoun Sagamore Mahaska, &c. N Sloop Sloop A wharf boat " Eunice New inlet N C An old launch Quantico creek. One seven-oared boat Metalic life-boat.... One seine boat Nov. 16 Nov. 17 Mason borough inlet Brig . Nov. 19 Nov. 4 Oct. 21 Nov. 25 Shallow inlet Bark Masonborough inlet Vessel on stocks.... Nov. 23 East river " Nov. 3 Nov. 30 Nov. 26 Dec. 5 Dec. 19 New inlet Flat-bottomed boat. Bell river Sloop York river. Five boats Dec. 20 M M Diana" Octorara Mahaska Minnesota, &c. Admiral Farragut's fleet " Lighter Dec. Boat Dec. 20 1863. Jan. 8 Sloop. . . White House .... Bark. Bark Scow Sloop Jan. 18 Jan. 19 Newport News Va Rebel vessel, (bldg.) Bebel vessel, (bldg.) Rebel vessel, (bldg.) Rebel vessel, Cbldg.) Rebel vessel, (bldg.) Capture of New Orleans. Jan. 13 Jan. 20 Jan. 23 .. . Canoe Sloop Dividing creek, Va Chuckatuck creek Currituck Commodore Morris Currituck George Mangham Four clinker-built boats. Jan. 20 Jan. 25 Jan. 24- 25, Tabb's creek Three boat' FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 349 Description. When cap- tured. "Where captured. By what vessel. 1863 Jan. 21 Feb. 12 Jan. 20 Feb 9 Topsail inlet .... Daylight George Mangham Commodore Morris Dan Smith Mt. Vernon Coeur de Leon Sagamore Boat expedition New London Hartford Cimmaron Perry. C'urrituck, &c. Western World, &c. Yazoo Pass expedition Conemaugh, &c. Yazoo Pass expedition Naval expedition Mississippi squadron Brooklyn Tahoma Fort Henry )i M tt Shokokon Commodore Morris Restless Yankee, &c. Cceur de Leon Currituck Sciota De Soto Sciota > Boat expedition Annie Tahoma Fort Henry Restless Currituck Cayuga M Granite City, &a "Vessel .. Sloop Two boats Feb. 2 Mar 13 Canoe Schooner Mar. 2 Mar. 24 Mosquito inlet ' Schooner...... ... Schooner April 19 Charleston Brig Sloop Wharf boat . April 10 April 8 April 24 May 2 May 14 May 20 May 1-8 Sabine Pass Sloop . Rich inlet TJrbana, Va Six vessels, &o Steamer " 35th Par- allel" May 10 May Morrell's inlet May 20 Yazoo City Horses and "Wagons. May 30 JMsnmg Flat-boat June 24 June 9 June 1 June 10 June 2 May 14 May 30 July July 3 July 6 July 13 Withlacoochee river, Fia Skiff and flat Withlacoochee river, Fla Flat Sloop boat White House Sloop Sloop Charlotte harbor, Fla Rappahannock river Lot of Merchandise. Dry-goods and shoes July 17 July 20- July'8-9 July 24 July 8 July 9 Charles county, Md Dividing creek, Va Coast of Texas 11 bbs. of turpentine Coast of Texas Schooner and launch June 22 July 14 s^n h ' June 24 July 19 July 8 Sloop ... Sept. 28 June 3o Oct. - Oct.' 7 Coast of Louisiana Off Sabine Pass Steamer... Dec. 31 350 VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED Description. When cap- tured. Where captured. By what vessel. Sloop boat 1863 Dec. 14 1864. Jan. 1 Feb. 1 Feb. 13 Indian river, Fla . ....... Roebuck Nipsic Morse H II > San JacintO Queen Dragon Estrella Potomac flotilla Commodore Perry Morrell's inlet, S. C York river . Twelve oyster boats. Boat s .. Mar. 11 Feb. 8 Feb. 23 Mar. 28 April 18 May 15 Lat. 24 N. ; long. 83" W. Caney creek, Texas Running from Va. to Md. Schooner Twenty -two boats.. Twenty-six ' small boats. Up the Rappahannock.. . Seven boats (bldg.). Three boats . . . July 4 Aug. 9 Sept 2 Oct. 4 Mar. 11 Mar. 11 Lat. 27 41' N. ; long. 78 54' W. Off Charleston Magnolia Katskill Steamer...... ..... Sail-boat Potomac river Twenty-two boats.. Potomac flotilla Pawnee's launch Piankatank river Mar. 16 Pawnee and others Railroad iron Mar. 21 **" Bacon April 18 Up Rappahannock Potomac flotilla "Wheat July 28 June 30 iSf: 2 4 Nov. 21 Oct. 24 Nov. 6 Nov. 29 Dec. 3 Dec. 27 1865. Jan. 27 Feb. 4 Feb. 27 Tobacco Gatesville, N C... "WTiitehead Glasgow W. GK B. squadron Niphon Avenger Nita Rosalie Patapsco Itasca Emma and others Monticello Tno and Ariel "Wamsutta, &c. Jonquil and others Mercury N. A. B. squadron Mobile Four scows Rifles 9 Mobile bay Masonboro' inlet Rifles &c Off Little Malco, Fla.... Off Charleston, S. C Decross's Point, Texas.. Off Cape Fear river Schooner Boat Cargo of sloop, name unknown. Rebel torpedo boat. 3 rebel torpedo boats "Wando river, S. C Charleston, S. C Iron, cables, anch'rs, &C. Wilmington, N. C "Windmill Point, Va .. . . Richmond, Va April 6 April - Machinery, &c The number of the prizes adjudicated to this date (Jan. 27, 1867), is seven hundred and thirty. The total amount of money FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 351 involved including that for distribution to the captors, and that which is passed to the credit of the United States is about $25,000,000. Payment has already been made to nearly ten thousand different claimants, in sums varying from twenty-five cents to thirty -eight thousand dollars. There still remain to be adjudi- cated about six hundred prizes, the most of which will probably be condemned and the proceeds paid to the captors. UNION VESSELS CAPTURED OE DESTROYED BY THE DIFFERENT CONFEDERATE PRIVATEERS. BY THE ALABAMA. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Alert bark New London Sept. 9, 1862. . . 391 Altamaha, brig Sippican Sept. 13, 1862. . . 800 Amanda, bark Manilla Oct. 6, 18^3 . . . 595 Amazonian, bark New York June 2, 1863 ... 481 A. P. Schmidt, ship ... St. Thomas July 2, 1 863 . . . 784 Ariel, steamer New York Dec. 7, 18H2...1295 Avon, ship Howland's Island Mar. 29, 1864. . . 930 B'n de Castine, brig. . . Castine Oct. 29, 1862 ... 267 Benj. Tucker, ship New Bedford Sept. 14, 1 862 ... 800 B. thayer, ship Callao Mar. 1, 1863. . . 896 Brilliant, ship New York Oct. 3, 1862. . . 839 Charles Hill, ship Liverpool Nor. 25, 1 863 ... 699 Cnastelain, brig Guadaloupe Jan. 27, 1863 . . . 240 Conrad, bark Montevideo June 20, 1863 . . . 347 Contest, ship Yokohama Nov. 11, 1863. . .1098 Corsair, schr Provincstown Sept. 13, 1862 . . . 200 Crenshaw, schr New York Oct. 23, 1862. .. 278 Dorcas Prince, ship. . .New York April 26, 18K3... 699 Dunkirk, brig New York Oct. , 1863 ... 298 E. Dunbar, bark New Bedford Sept. 18, 1*62 ... 300 E. Farnham, ship Portsmouth Oct. 3, 1862. . .1119 Emma Jane, ship Bombay Jan. 14, 1864. . .1096 Express, ship Callao. July 6, 1S63. . .1072 Golden Eagle, ship Howland's Island Feb. 21, 18r>3 . . . r/78 Golden Rule, bark New York Jan. 26, 18H3. . . 250 Har't Spaulding, bark . New York. Nov. 1 8, 1863 . . . 299 Hatteras, gunboat Galveston Jan. 13, 1863 . . . 800 Henrietta, bark Baltimore , 1863 ... 439 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 353 Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Highlander, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 1 863 ... 1 149 Jabez Snow, ship New York Mar. 25, 1863. . .1070 John A. Park, ship New York Mar. 2, 1863. . J050 Justina, bark Rio Janeiro May 25, 1863 ... 400 Kate Cory, brig Westport April 15, 1863 ... 1 '25 Kingfisher, schr Fairhaven Mar. 23, 1863 . . . 125 Lafayette, ship New York Oct. 23, 1862... 945 Lafayette, bark New Bedford April 15, 1863 ... 300 Lamplighter, bark New York Oct. 15, 1862 ... 279 Loretta, bark New York. Oct. 28, 1862. . . 284 Levi Starbuck, ship. . .New Bedford. Nov. 2, 1862 ... 376 Louisa Hatch, ship. . . . Cardiff , 1863 ... 835 Manchester, ship New York Oct. 11, 1862 . . . 1075 Martha Wenzell, bark . Akyab Aug. 9, 1 1>63 . . . 578 Martaban, ship Maulmain Dec. 24, 1863 ... 807 Morning Star, ship Calcutta Mar. 23, 1 863 ... 1 105 Nora, ship Liverpool Mar. 25, 1863. . . 800 Nye, bark New Bedford April 24, 1863. . . 300 Ocean Rover, bark Mattapoisett Sept. 8, 1862 ... 766 Ocmulgee. ship Edgartown Sept. 6, 1862..' 300 Olive Jane; bark Bordeaux Feb. 21, 1863 . . . 300 Oneida, ship Shaughae April 24, 1863 ... 420 Palmetto, schr New York Feb. 3, 1863... 172 Parker Cook, bark Boston Nov. 30, 1862. . . 130 Punjaub, ship Calcutta Mar. 15, 1863 . . . 760 Roekingham, ship Callao April 23, 1864. .. 976 Sea Bride, bark New York Aug. 5, 1863 ... 447 Sea Lark, ship Boston May 3, 1863... 974 S. Gildersleeve, ship. . .Sunderland May 25, 1863 : . 847 Sonora, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 1863. . . 707 Starlight, schr Fayal Sept. 7, 1862. .. 205 Talisman, ship New York June 5, 1863. ..1239 T. R. Wood, ship Calcutta Nov. 8, 1863. . . 599 Tonawanda, ship Philadelphia Oct. 9, 1 862 ... 1300 Tycoon, bark New York , 735 Union Jack, bark New York May 3, 1863 ... 300 Virginia, bark New Bedford Sept. 17, 1863 ... 300 Washington, ship Callao Feb. 27, 1863. . .1655 Wave Crest, bark New York Oct. 7, 1862 ... 409 Weather Gauge, schr . .Provincetown Sept. 4, 1862. . . 200 Winged Racer, ship. . .Manilla Nov. 10, 1863 . . . 1767 BY THE SHENANDOAH. Abigail, bark. New Bedford May 25, 1865. . . 375 Adelaide, bark Boston Oct. 13, 1864. . . 437 Alina, bark Newport, Eng Oct. , 1864. . . 470 354 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Brunswick, bark. .... .New Bedford . June , 1 8*5 . . . 226 Catharine, bark New Bedford June 26, 1865 ... 226 Charter Oak, schr Boston Oct. , 1864 . . . 140 Congress 2d, bark New Bedford June 28, 1865 ... 375 Covington, bark Warren, R. I June 28, 1865. . . 300 Delphine, bark London Jan. 13, 1865 ... 698 D. Godfrey, bark Boston Dec. , 1 864 . . . 299 Edward, bark New Bedford Dec. 4, 1864. .. 420 Edward Gary, bark . . .San Francisco April 1, 1865. . . 370 Euphrates, ship New Bedford June 21, 1865 ... 597 Favorite, bark Fairhaven June 28, 1865 ... 360 Gen. Pike, bark New Bedford June 22, 1865 ... 425 Gen. Williams, ship... .New London June 25, 1865. . . 469 Gipsy, bark .'New Bedford June 26, 1865 ... 390 Harvest, bark Honolulu April 1, 1865. . . 350 Hector, ship New Bedford. April 1, 1865 ... Hillman, ship New Bedford June 27, 1 865 ... 600 Isabella, bark New Bedford June 27, 1865 ... 394 I. Rowland, ship New Bedford June 28, 1 865 ... 900 James Maury, bark. . .New Bedford June 28, 1865 ... 400 Jireh Swift, bark New Bedford June 23, 1 865 ... 360 Kate Prince, ship Cardiff Nov. 12, 1864. . . 997 Lizzie M. Stacy, schr.. .Boston Nov. 13, 1864. . . 140 Martha 2d, bark - New Bedford June 28, 1865 . . . 298 Milo, ship New Bedford. June 28, 1865 ... 500 Nassau, ship New Bedford June 28, 1865 . . . 450 Nile, bark New London June 22, 1865 ... 380 Nimrod, bark New Bedford June 25, 1865 ... 840 Pearl, bark New London April 1, 1865... 275 Sophia Thornton, ship. New Bedford June 23, 1865. . . 400 Susan Abigail, bark. . . San Francisco June 23, 1 865 ... 159 Susan, brig San Francisco June 4, 1865 . . . Waverley, bark New Bedford June 28, 1865 ... 450 W. Thompson, ship. . .New Bedford June 22, 1885 ... 600 Wm. C. Nye, bark San Francisco June 26, 1865 ... 388 BY THE FLORIDA. Aldebaran, schr New Tork Mar. 13, 1863 ... 187 Anglo Saxon, ship Liverpool Aug. 21, 1863. .. 868 Arabella, brig Aspinwall Jan. 12, 1 863 ... 291 B. F. Hoxie, ship Mazatlan June 16, 1 863 ... 1387 Clarence, brig Bahia , 1863. . . 253 Commonwealth, ship . .New York April 17, 1863. . .1245 Corris Ann, brig Philadelphia Jan. 22, 1 863 ... 235 David Lapsley, bark. . .Sombrero , . . . 289 Electric Spark, str. . . .New York July 10, 1864 . . . 1400 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 355 Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Estella, brig Manzanilla Jan. 17, 1863... 300 F. B Cutting, ship Liverpool Aug. 6, 1863 . . 796 Geo. Latimer, schr Baltimore May 18, . . . 198 Gen. Berry, bark , . . .New York July 10, . . . 469 Golconda, bark Talcahuana July 8, 1 864 ... 331 Greenland, bark Philadelphia July 9, 1864. . . 549 Har't Stephens, bark. .Portland. , . . . 500 J. Jacob Bell, ship Foochow Feb. 12, 1863 . . . 1382 Kate Stewart, schr Philadelphia June , 1863 ... 387 Lapwing, bark Boston Mar. 27, 1 863 . . . 590 Mary Alvina, brig Boston June , 1863 . . . 266 M. A. Schinler, schr.. .Port Royal June 12, 1863. . . 299 Mary Y. Davis, schr. . .Port Royal July 9, 1864. .. 270 M. J. Colcord, bark . . . New York Mar. 30, 1 863 .. 374 Moudamin, bark Rio Janeiro Sept. , 1864. . . 386 Red Gauntlet, ship Buena Vista May 26, 1863. . .1038 Rienzi, schr '.Province town July 7, 1863 ... 95 Southern Rights, ship. Rangoon Aug. 22, 1863 . . . 830 Southern Cross Boston June 6, 1863. . . 938 Star of Peace, ship Calcutta. Mar. 6, 1863 ... 941 Sunrise, ship. New York July , 1863 ... 1174 Tacony, bark Port Royal June 12, 1 863 ... 296 Varnum H. Hill, schr . Provincetown June 27, 1852 ... 90 Wm. B. Nash, brig.... New York July 8, 1863... 299 Wm. C. Clark, brig.. . .Machias, Me June 17, . . . 338 Windward, brig Matanzas Jan. 22, 1863 . . . 199 Zealand, bark New Orleans June 10, 1864. . . 380 BY THE SUMTER. Abbie Bradford, schr. . July 25, 1861 ... 180 Albert Adams, brig. . . .Cuba July 5, 1861 ... 192 Alvarado, bark Cape Town June , 1861 . . . 299 Arcade, schr Portland .Nov. 20, 1861 ... 122 Benj. Dunning, brig. . .Cuba July 5, 1861 . . . 284 B. F. Martin, brig Philadelphia -. June 16, 1861 ... 2y3 California, bark St. Thomas , 1861 ... 299 Cuba, brig .New York July 4, 1861... 199 D. Trowbridge, schr. . . New York Oct. 27, 1 861 ... 200 Eben Dodge, bark. New Bedford.. Dec. 8, 1861 . . . 1222 Glen, bark Philadelphia July, 1861... 287 Golden Rocket, ship.. .Havana July 13, 1861 ... 608 Henry Nutt, schr Key West .*. Aug. , 1861 ... 235 Jos. Maxwell, bark Philadelphia July 27, 1861 ... 295 Joseph Parks, brig. .. .Pernambuco Dec. 25, 1861... 300 J. S. Harris, ship Cuba , 18fil ... 800 Louisa Kilham, bark . .Cieufuegos July 6, 1861 ... 468 356 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Machias, brig July 4, 1862 ... 250 Naiad, brig. July 6, 1861 . . . 390 N. Chase, schr New York Sept. , 1861. . . 150 Neapolitan, bark Messina Feb. , 1 862 ... 3-22 Ocean Eagle Rockland Feb. , 1861 ... 290 Santa Clara, brig Porto Rico Feb. , 1 861 ... 1 89 Sebasticook, ship Liverpool Feb. , 1861 ... 549 Vigilant, ship New York Dec. 3, 1861 ... 650 West Wind, bark New York July 6, 1861 ... 429 W. S. Robins, bark Arroya June , 1861 . . . 460 BY THE TALLAHASSEE. Adriatic, ship .London Aug. 12, 1863 . . . 998 A. Richards, brig Glace Bay, C. B Aug. 11, 1 8fi3 . . . 240 Arcole, ship New Orleans Nov. 3, 1863 ... 663 Atlantic, schr Addison, Me , . . . 240 Bay State, bark Alexandria, Ya Aug. 11, 1863 ... 199 Billow, brig.. Calais, Me Aug. 10, 1863... 173 Carrie Estelle, brig Machias, Me Aug. 11, 1864. . . 200 Castine, ship Callao Jan. 25, 1863. . . 962 Coral Wreath, brig Aug. 1 1, 1863 ... 260 Etta Caroline, str Aug. 10, 1868. . . 175 Flora Reed, schr Aug. 15, 1863 ... 150 Glenhaven, bark Glasgow Aug. 13, 1863. . . 795 Goodspeed, schr Boston Nov. 2, 1864. . . 280 Howard, bark Aug. 15, 1864. . . 598 Jas Litt'efleld, ship... . Cardiff Aug. 14, 1864. . . 599 J. H. Howen, schr Gloucester Aug. 14, 1864. . . 81 L. Dupont, schr Wilmington, Del Aug. 13, 1864. . . 194 Magnolia, schr.. . Aug. 15, 1864. . . 170 Mercy Howe, schr Chatham Aug. 15, 1 864 ... 143 N. America, schr Connecticut , 1864. . . 95 P. C. Alexander, bark.. New York , 1864. .. 284 Pearl, schr Aug. 16, . . . 183 Rasselas, schr Boothbay, Me Aug. 23, 1863 ... 90 Roan, brig Salisbury Aug. 20, 1864. . . 127 S. A. Boyce, schr Boston Aug. 11, 1864. . . 220 Sarah Louisa, schr , 1864. . . 61 Spokane, schr Calais, Me Aug. 12, 1864. . . 126 BY THE TACONY. Ada, schr Gloucester. June 23, 1 863 ... 90 Arabella, brig Gloucester June 12, 1863 ... 200 Archer, schr Gloucester June 24, 1863 ... 100 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 357 Name of Vessels. "Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Byzantium, ship London June 16, 1863. . .1048 Elizabeth Ann, schr. . . Gloucester June 22, 1863. .. 100 Florence, schr Gloucester June 22, 1 863 ... 2< '0 Goodspeed, bark Londonderry June 23, 1863 ... 629 Isaac Webb, ship Liverpool June 20, 1863. . .1300 L. A. Macomber, schr..Noank June 20, 1863. . . 100 Ma-engo, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863... 200 Ripple, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863... 150 Rulus Choate Gloucester June 22, 1863... 100 Shattemuc, ship Liverpool June 24, 1863... 849 Umpire, brig Laguna June 15, 1863... 196 "Wanderer, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863 ... 125 BY THE CLARENCE. A. H. Partridge, schr. . Gloucester June 7, 1863 ... 100 C. Gushing, cutter Portland Juue 24, 1863. .. 150 Whistling Wind, bark.. Philadelphia June 6, 1863... 349 BY THE SALLIE. Betsey Ames, brig Cuba Oct. , 1 861 ... 265 Grenada, brig Neuvitas. Oct. 13, 1861 ... 255 BY THE GEORGIA. Bold Hunter, ship Dundee Dec. 9, 1863... 797 City of Bath, ship Callao June 28, 1863... 79 Constitution, ship Philadelphia June 25, 1863. . . 97 Crown Point, ship. ...New York May 15, 1863. ..1053 Dictator, ship Liverpool April 25, 1863 ... 1293 Geo. Griswold, ship. . .Cardiff June 18, 1863. . .1280 Good Hope, bark Boston June 22, 1 863 ... 436 John Watt, ship Maulmain Oct. , 1863. .. 947 J. W. Seaver, bark ... Boston June 22, 1863... 340 Prince of Wales, ship. .Callao July 16, 1863 . . . 960 BY THE JEFF DAYIS. D. C. Pierce, bark Remedios June , 1861. . . 806 Ella, schr Tampico , 1861... 92 Enchantress, schr Boston July 16, 1861 ... 200 Jno. Crawford, ship.. . .Philadelphia Aug. , 1861 ... John Welsh, brig Trinidad July 16, 1861 ... 275 358 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. 'Where from. Date of Capture. Tona. Rowena, bark Laguayra June , 1861 . . . 340 S. J. Waring, schr New York July 16, 1861... 372 W. McGilvery, brig. . .Cardenas July 1861 ... 198 BY THE WINSLOW. Herbert, schr June 18, 1861... 100 Itasca, brig Neuvitas Aug. 4, 1861... 300 Mary Alice, schr Porto Rico July , 1861. . . 181 Priscilla, schr Cura9oa July , 1861 . . . 144 Transit, schr New London July 15, 1861 . . . 195 BY THE CHICKAMAUaA. Albion Lincoln, bark. .Portland Oct. 29, 1864. . . 237 Emma L/Hall, bark.. .Cardenas Oct. 31, 1864. . . 492 Mark L. Potter, bark. . .Bangor Oct. 30, 1864. . . 400 Shooting Star, ship New York Oct. 31, 1864. . . 957 BY THE OLUSTEE. A. J. Bird, schr Rockland Nov. 3, 1864... 178 Empress Teresa, bark. . Rio Janeiro Nov. 1, 1864. . . 316 E. F. Lewis, schr.. Portland Nov. 3, 1864. . . 197 T. D. Wagner, brig Fort Monroe Nov. 3, 1864. . . 390 BY THE RETRIBUTION. Emily Fisher, brig St. Jago Mar. , 1863 ... 230 Hanoyer, schr Boston , Jan. 81, 1863... 2oO J. P. Ellicott, brig. Boston Jan. 10, 1863. . . 231 BY THE ST. NICHOLAS. Mary Pierce, schr Boston July 1, 1862. . . 192 Margaret, schr July 29, 1862. .. 206 Mo'nticello, brig. Rio Janeiro July 1, 1862. . . 300 BY THE CALHOUN. John Adams, schr Provincetown May , 1861. . . 100 Mermaid, schr Provincetown May , 18til . . . 200 Panama, brig Provincetown.. May 29, 1861... 153 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. ' 359 BY THE NASHYILLE. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Harvey Birch, ship Havre Nov. 19, 1862. . . 800 R. Gilfillan, sclir Philadelphia Feb. 26, 1862. . . 240 BY THE BOSTON. Lenox, bark New York June 12, 1863... 370 Texana, bark New York June 12, 1863. . . 588 BY THE SAYANNAH. Joseph, brig Cardenas June 15, 1861 ... 171 BY THE LAPWING. Elate Dywer, ship Callao June 17, 1863. ..1278 BY THE ECHO. M. E. Thompson, brig.. July 9, 1862. . . 210 Mary Goodell, scbr July 9, 1862... 200 BY THE YORK. G. Y. Boker, schr Galveston Aug. 9, 1861 ... 100 BY THE CONRAD. , Santee, ship Akyab Aug. 5, 1863. . . 898 BY THE TUSCARORA Living Age, ship Akyab Sept. 13, 1863. . .1193 MISCELLANEOUS. A. B. Thompson, ship. .Savannah May 19, 1861... 800 Alleghanian, ship. ...Baltimore Oct. 21, 1862... 1142 Alliance, schr Philadelphia Sept. , 1863. .. 190 Boston, tug June 9, 1863. . . 100 360 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons. Chesapeake, steamer. .New York Dec. 7, 1863... 40 Golden Bod, schr Holmes' Hole Sept. , 1863. .. 130 Hannah Balch, brig. ..Cardenas July 6,1862... 149 Harriet Lane, wucbt. . .Gal veston Jan. 11, 1863... 325 James L. Gerity Matamoros Oct. , 1863... 90 J. R. Watson, scbr. . . .New York July 13, 1861. . . 200 Lydia Francis, brig July 15, 1862. . . 262 Pearl, schr Moriches , 1862... 183 Protector, schr Cuba June , 1861 . . . 200 Sea Bird, sch Philadelphia , 1863... 200 Sea Witch, schr Baracoa , 1861 ... 95 Union, schr Baltimore Dec. 5, 1862... 115 From the Commercial and Financial Chronicle. RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 361 RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. BECONSTBUCTION ACT OF THE THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS, OF MARCH 2, 1867. THE bill passed the House on February 20, 1867, by the following vote yeas 128, nays 46. The Senate passed the bill on the same day yeas 35, nays 7. The bill was vetoed on March 2. Both Houses of Congress re-passed it on the same day, the House by a vote of yeas 138, nays 51 ; the Senate by a vote of yeas 38, nays 10. AN ACT to provide efficient Government for the Insurrec- tionary States. Wherea-s, No legal State governments or adequate protection for life or property now exist in the Rebel States of Yirginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and Arkansas ; and 16 362 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. v Whereas, It is necessary that peace and good order should be enforced in said States until loyal and republican State governments can be legally estab- lished; therefore Be it enacted^ etc., That said Rebel States shall be divided into military districts and made subject to the military authority of the United States, as here- inafter mentioned; and for that purpose Yirginia shall constitute the First District; North Carolina and South Carolina the Second District ; Georgia, Alabama, and Florida the Third District ; Mississippi and Arkansas the Fourth District, and Louisiana and Texas the Fifth District. SEC. 2. That it shall be the duty of the President to assign to the command of each of said districts an officer of the army not below the rank of brigadier- general, and to detail a sufficient military force to enable such officer to perform his duties and enforce his authority within the district to which he is as- signed. SEC. 3. That it shall be the duty of each officer assigned as aforesaid to protect all persons in their rights of person and property, to suppress insurrec- tion, disorder, and violence, and to punish or cause to be punished all disturbers of the public peace and criminals ; and to this end he may allow local civil tribunals to take jurisdiction of and try offenders, or, RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 363 when in his judgment it may be necessary for the trial of offenders, he shall have power to organize military committees or tribunals for that purpose ; and all interference, under color of State authority, with the exercise of military authority under this act, shall be null and void. SEC. 4. That all persons put under military arrest by virtue of this act shall be tried without unneces- sary delay, and no cruel or unusual punishment shall be inflicted ; and no sentence of any military commis-. sion or tribunal hereby authorized, affecting the life or liberty of any person, shall be executed until it is approved by the officer in command of the district ; and the laws and regulations for the government of the army shall not be affected by this act, except in so far as they may conflict with its provisions. Provided, That no sentence of death under this act shall be carried into execution without the ap- proval of the President. SEC. 5. When the people of any one of said Rebel States shall have formed a constitution and govern- ment in conformity with the Constitution of the United States in all respects, framed by a convention of delegates elected by the male citizens of said State twenty-one years old and upward, of whatever race, color, or previous condition, who have been resident in said State for one year previous to the day of such 364 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. election, except such as may be disfranchised for participation in the Rebellion or for felony at com- mon law ; and when such constitution shall provide that the elective franchise shall be enjoyed by all such persons as have the qualifications herein stated for electors of delegates ; and when such constitution shall be ratified by a majority of the persons voting on the question of ratification who are qualified as electors for delegates; and when such constitution shall have been submitted to Congress for examina- tion and approval, and Congress shall have approved the same; and when said State by a vote of its Legislature, elected under said constitution, shall have adopted the amendment to the Constitution of the United States proposed by the Thirty-ninth Con- gress, and known as Article 14 ; and when said arti- cle shall have become part of the Constitution of the United States, said State shall be declared entitled to representation in Congress, and senators and rep- resentatives shall be admitted therefrom on their taking the oath prescribed by law, and then and thereafter the preceding sections of this act shall be inoperative in said State. Provided^ That no person excluded from the privilege of holding office by said proposed amend- ment to the Constitution of the United States shall be eligible to election as a member of the convention RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 365 to frame a constitution for any of said Rebel States, nor shall any such person vote for members of such convention. SEC. 6. Until the people of the said Rebel States shall by law be admitted to representation to the Congress of the United States, all civil governments that may exist therein shall be deemed provisional only, and shall be in all respects subject to the para- mount authority of the United States, at any time to abolish, modify, control, and supersede the same, and in all elections to any office under such provisional governments all persons shall be entitled to vote under the provisions of the fifth section of this act. And no person shall be eligible to any office under such provisional governments who would be dis- qualified from holding office under the provisions of the third article of said Constitutional amendment. * [This bill was passed over the President's veto on March 2, 1867.] SUPPLEMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF FORTIETH CONGRESS, OF MARCH 23, 1867. A reconstruction bill, supplementary to the above act of March 2, passed both Houses of Congress on March 19. It was vetoed on March 23. On the same day the House repassed it by a vote of yeas 114 (all Republicans), nays 25 (all Democrats), and 366 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. the Senate by a vote of yeas 40 (all Republicans ex- cept Johnson of Md.), and nays 7 (all Democrats). The following are the main provisions of this act : Before Sept. 1, 1867, the commanding-general in each district, defined by an act entitled " An Act to provide for the more efficient government of the Rebel States," passed March 2, 1867, shall cause a regis- tration to be made of the male citizens of the United States, 21 years of age and upwards, resident in each county or parish in the State or States included in his district, which registration shall include only those persons who are qualified to vote for delegates by the act aforesaid, and who shall have taken and subscribed the following oath or affirmation : " I, , do solemnly swear (or affirm), in the presence of Almighty God, that I am a citizen of the State of ; that I have resided in said State for months next preceding this day, and now reside in the county of , or the parish of , in said State (as the case may be) ; that I am twenty-one years old; that I have not been disfranchised for participation in any rebellion or civil war against the United States, nor for felony committed against the laws of any State or of the United States ; that I have never been a member of any State Legisla- ture, nor held any executive or judicial office in any RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 367 State, and afterward engaged in insurrection or re- bellion against the United States, or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof; that I have never taken an oath as a member of Congress of the United States, or as an officer of the United States, or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an executive or judicial officer of any State, to support the Constitution of the United States, and afterward engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the United States, or given aid or comfort to the en- emies thereof; that I will faithfully support the Constitution and obey the laws of the United States, and will, to the best of my ability, encourage others so to do, so help me God;" which oath or affir- mation may be administered by any registering officer. SEC. 2. After the completion of the registration hereby provided for in any State, at such time and places therein as the commanding-general shall ap- point and direct, of which at least thirty days' public notice shall be given, an election shall be held of delegates to a convention for the purpose of estab- lishing a constitution and civil government for such State loyal to the Union, said convention in each State, except Virginia, to consist of the same num- ber of members as the most numerous branch of the State Legislature of such State in the year 1860, to 368 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. be apportioned among the several districts, counties, or parishes of such State by the commanding-gen- eral, giving to each representation in the ratio of voters registered as aforesaid, as nearly as may be. The convention in Virginia shall consist of the same number of members as represented the terri- tory now constituting Virginia in the most numerous branch of the Legislature of said State in the year 1860, to be apportioned as aforesaid. SEC. 3. At said election the registered voters of each State shall vote for or against a convention to form a constitution therefor under this act. The person appointed to superintend said election, and to make return of the votes given thereat, as herein provided, shall count and make return of the votes given for and against a convention ; and the com- manding-general to whom the same shall have been returned, shall ascertain and declare the total vote in each State for and against a convention. If a majority of the votes given on that question shall be for a convention, then such convention shall be held as hereinafter provided; but if a majority of said votes shall be against a convention, then no such convention shall be held under this act : Provided, that such convention shall not be held unless a ma- jority of all such registered voters shall have voted on the question of holding such convention. RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 369 SEC. 4. The commanding-general of each district shall appoint as many boards of registration as may be necessary, consisting of three loyal officers or per- sons, to make and complete the registration, super- intend the election, and make return to him of the votes, lists of voters, and of the persons elected as delegates by a plurality of the votes cast at said election ; and upon receiving said returns he shall open the same, ascertain the persons elected as dele- gates according to the returns of the officers who conducted said election, and make proclamation thereof; and if a majority of the votes given on that question shall be for a convention, the com- manding-general, within sixty days from the date of election, shall notify the delegates to assemble in convention, at a time and place to be mentioned in the notification, and said convention, when organ- ized, shall proceed to frame a constitution and civil government according to the provisions of this act and the act to which it is supplementary ; and when the same shall have been so framed, said constitution shall be submitted by the convention for ratification to the persons registered under the provisions of this act at an election to be conducted by the officers or persons appointed or to be appointed by the com- manding-general, as hereinbefore provided, and to be held after the expiration of thirty days from the 16* 370 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. date of notice thereof, to be given by said conven- tion ; and the returns thereof shall be made to the commanding-general of the district. SEC. 5. That if, according to said returns, the constitution shall be ratified by a majority of the votes of the registered electors qualified as herein specified, cast at said election (at least one-half of all the registered voters voting upon the question of such ratification), the president of the convention shall transmit a copy of the same, duly certified, to the President of the United States, who shall forth- with transmit the same to Congress, if then in ses- sion, and if not in session, then immediately upon its next assembling ; and if it. shall, moreover, ap- pear to Congress, that the election was one at which all the registered and qualified electors in the State had an opportunity to vote freely and without re- straint, fear, or the influence of fraud, and if the Congress shall be satisfied that such constitution meets the approval of a majority of all the qualified electors in the State, and if the said constitution shall be declared by Congress to be in conformity with the provisions of the act to which this is sup- plementary, and the other provisions of said act shall have been complied with, and the said consti- tution shall be approved by Congress, the State shall be declared entitled to representation, and Senators RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 371 and Representatives shall be admitted therefrom as therein provided. SEC. 6. All elections in the States mentioned in the said " Act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel States," shall, during the operation of said act, be by ballot ; and all officers making the said registration of voters and conduct- ing said elections shall, before entering upon the discharge of their duties, take and subscribe the oath prescribed by the act approved July 2, 1862, entitled " An Act to prescribe an oath of office : " Provided, That if any person shall knowingly and falsely take and subscribe any oath in this act pre- scribed, such person so offending and being thereof duly convicted, shall be subject to the pains, penal- ties, and disabilities which by law are provided for the punishment of the crime of wilful and corrupt perjury. SUPPLEMENTARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT OP FORTIETH CONGRESS, OP JULY 19, 1867. A reconstruction bill, supplementary to the two preceding acts, passed both Houses of Congress, on July 13. It was vetoed by the President on July 19, but on the same day repassed by both Houses over the veto. The vote in the Senate stood yeas 30 (all Rep.), nays 6 (all Dem.); in the House 372 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. yeas 100 (all Rep.), nays 22 (all Dem.). The bill is as follows : SECTION 1. That it is hereby declared to have been the true intent and meaning of the act of the 2d day of March, 1867, entitled "An Act to provide for the more efficient government of the rebel States," and the act supplementary thereto, passed the 23d of March, 1867, that the governments then existing in the rebel States of Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana, Florida, Texas, and Arkansas, were not legal State governments, and that thereafter said governments, if continued, were to be continued subject in all re- spects to the military commanders of the respective districts, and to the paramount authority of Con- gress. SEC. 2. That the commander of any district named in said act shall have power, subject to the disapproval of the general of the army of the United States, and to have effect until disapproved, when- ever, in the opinion of such commander, the proper administration of said act shall require it, to sus- pend or remove from office, or from the performance of official duties, and the exercise of official powers, any officer or person holding or exercising, or pro- fessing to hold or exercise, any civil or military office or duty in such district, under any power, RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 373 election, appointment, or authority derived from, or granted by, or claimed under, any so-called State, or the government thereof, or any municipal or other division thereof, and upon such suspension or removal such commander, subject to the approval of the general as aforesaid, shall have power to pro- vide from time to time for the performance of the said duties of such officer or person so suspended or removed, by the detail of some competent officer or soldier of the army, or by the appointment of some other person to perform the same, and to fill vacan- cies occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise. SEC. 3. That the general of the army of the United States shall be invested with all the powers of suspension, removal, appointment, and detaching granted in the preceding section to district com- manders. SEC. 4. That the acts of the officers of the army, already done in removing in said districts persons exercising the functions of civil officers, and ap- pointing others in their stead, are hereby confirmed ; provided, that any persons heretofore or hereafter appointed by any district commander to exercise the functions of any civil office may be removed either by the military officer in command of the district or by the general of the army, and it shall be the duty of such commander to remove from office, as afore- 374 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. said, all persons who are disloyal to the Govern- ment of the United States, or who use then* offi- cial influence in any manner to hinder, delay, pre- vent, or obstruct the due and proper administration of this act and the acts to which it is supplement- ary. SEC. 5. That the boards of registration provided for in the act entitled " An Act supplementary to an act entitled * An Act to pro vide for the more efficient government of the rebel States,' passed March 2, 1867, and to facilitate restoration," passed March 23, 1867, shall have power, and it shall be their duty, before allowing the registration of any person, to ascertain, upon such facts or information as they can obtain, whether such person is entitled to be registered under said act. and the oath required by said act shall not be conclusive on such question; and no person shall be registered unless such board shall decide that he is entitled thereto; and such board shall also have power to examine under oath, to be administered by any member of such board, any one touching the qualification of any person claiming registration ; but in every case of refusal by the board to register an applicant, and in every case of striking his name from the list, as herein- after provided, the board shall make a note or mem- orandum, which shall be returned with the registra- RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 375 tion list to the commanding-general of the district, setting forth the ground of such refusal or such striking from the list ; provided, that no person shall be disqualified as a member of any board of regis- tration by reason of race or color. SEC. 6. That the true intent and meaning of the oath presented in said supplementary acts is (among other things) that no person who has been a member of the Legislature of any State, or who has held any executive or judicial office in any State, whether he has taken an oath to support the Consti- tution of the United States or not, and whether he was holding such office at the commencement of the rebellion or had held it before, and who has after- wards engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the United States or given aid or comfort to the enemies thereof, is entitled to be registered or to vote ; and the words " executive or judicial " office in any State, in said oath mentioned, shall be con- strued to include all civil offices created by law for the administration of any general law of a State or for the administration of justice. SEC. 7. That the time for completing the origi- nal registration provided for in any act may, in the discretion of the commander of any district, be ex- tended to the 1st day of October, 1867; and the board of registration shall have power, and it shall 376 THE NATIONAL HAND-B >OK. be their duty, commencing fourteen days prior to any election under said act, and upon reasonable public notice of the time and place thereof, to revise for a period of five days the registration lists, and upon being satisfied that any person not entitled thereto has been registered, to- strike the name of such person from the list, and such person shall not be allowed to vote. And such board shall also, dur- ing the same period, add to each registry the names of all persons who at that time possess the qualifica- tions required by said act, who have not been al- ready registered, and no person shall at any time be entitled to be registered or to vote by reason of any executive pardon or amnesty, for any act or thing which, without such pardon or am- nesty, would disqualify him from registration or voting. SEC. 8. That all members of said boards of reg- istration, and all 'persons hereafter elected or ap- pointed to office in said military districts under any so-called State or municipal authority, or by detail or appointment of the district commander, shall be required to take and subscribe to the oath of office prescribed by law for the officers of the United States. SEC. 9. That no district commander or mem- ber of the board of registration, or any officer or RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 377 appointee acting under them, shall be bound in his action by any opinion of any civil officer of the United States. SEC. 10. That section four of said last-named act shall be construed to authorize the commanding- general named therein, whenever he shall deem it needful, to remove any member of a board of regis- tration, and to appoint another in his stead, and to fill any vacancy in such board. SEC. 11. That all the provisions of this act, and of the acts to which this is supplementary, shall be construed liberally, to the end that all the intents thereof may be fully and perfectly carried out. HECONSTBTJOTION ACT OP 1868. FOBTTETH CONGRESS SECOND The following is the Reconstruction bill as it passed the House, Jan. 21st, 1868 yeas 123, nays 45 : Be it enacted, c#: The question, thus ably and exhaustively argued, was decided by the House of Representatives, by a vote of thirty- four to twenty, in favor of the principle that the executive power of removal is vested by the Consti- tution in the Executive, and in the Senate by the casting vote of the Yice-President. The question has often been raised in subsequent times of high excitement, and the practice of the government has nevertheless conformed in all cases to the decision thus' early made. The question was revived during the administration of President Jackson, who made, as is well recollected, a very large number of re- movals, which were made an occasion of close and rigorous scrutiny and remonstrance. The subject was long and earnestly debated in the Senate, and the early construction of the Constitution was nevertheless freely accepted as binding and conclu- sive upon Congress. 393 Chancellor Kent's remarks on the subject are as follows : " On the first organization of the Govern- ment it was made a question whether the power of removal in case of officers appointed to hold at pleasure resided nowhere but in the body which ap- pointed, and, of course, whether the consent of the Senate was not requisite to remove. This was the construction given to the Constitution while it was pending for ratification before the State conven- tions, by the author of the Federalist. But the con- struction which was given to the Constitution by Congress, after great consideration and discussion, was different. The words of the act (establishing the Treasury Department) are : ' And whenever the same shall be removed from office by the President of the United States, or in any other case of va- cancy in the office, the assistant shall act.' This amounted to a legislative construction of the Con- stitution, and it has ever since been acquiesced in and acted upon as a decisive authority in the case. It applies equally to every other officer of the Government appointed by the President, whose term of duration is not specially declared. It is supported by the weighty reason that the subordi- nate officers in the executive department ought to hold at the pleasure of the head of the department, because he is invested generally with the executive 17* 394: THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. authority, and the participation in that au- thority by the Senate was an exception to a general principle, and ought to be taken strictly. The President is the great responsible officer for the faithful execution of the law, and the power of re- moval was incidental to that duty, and might often be requisite to fulfil it." Thus has the important question presented by this bill been settled, in the language of the late Daniel Webster (who, while dissenting from it, admitted that it was settled), by construction, settled by precedent, settled by the practice of the Government, and settled by statute. The events of the last war furnished a practical confirmation of the wisdom of the Consti- tution as it has hitherto been maintained, in many of its parts, including that which is now the subject of consideration. When the war broke out rebel enemies, traitors, abettors, and sympathizers were found in every department of the Government, as well in the civil service as in the land and naval military service. They were found in Congress and among the keepers of the Capitol; in foreign missions ; in each and all of the executive depart- ments ; in the judicial service ; in the Post-office, and among the agents for conducting Indian affairs. Upon probable suspicion, they were promptly dis- placed by my predecessor, so far as they held their 395 offices under executive authority, and their duties were confided to new and loyal successors. No complaints against that power or doubts of its wis- dom were entertained in any quarter. I sincerely trust and believe that no such civil war is likely to occur again. I cannot doubt, however, that in whatever form, and on whatever occasion, sedition can raise an effort to hinder, or embarrass, or defeat, the legitimate action of this Government, whether by preventing the collection of revenue, or disturb- ing the public peace, or separating the States, or betraying the country to a foreign enemy, the power of removal from office by the Executive, as it has heretofore existed and been practised, will be found indispensable. Under these circumstances, as a depositary of the executive authority of the nation, I do not feel at liberty to unite with Congress in reversing it by giving my approval to the bill. At the early day when this question was settled, and, indeed, at the several periods when it has subse- quently been agitated, the success of the Constitu- tion of the United States, as a new and peculiar system of the free representative government, was held doubtful in other countries, and was even a subject of patriotic apprehension among the Ameri- can people themselves. A trial of nearly eighty years, through the vicissitudes of foreign conflicts 396 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. and of civil war, is confidently regarded as having extinguished all such doubts and apprehensions for the future. During that eighty years the people of the United States have enjoyed a measure of se- curity, peace, prosperity, and happiness, never sur- passed by any nation. It cannot be doubted that the triumphant success of the Constitution is due to the wonderful wisdom with which the functions of government were distributed between the three principal departments the legislative, the execu- tive, and the judicial and to the fidelity with which each has confined itself, or been confined by the general voice of the nation, within its peculiar and proper sphere. "While a just, proper, and watchful jealousy of executive power constantly prevails, as it ought ever to prevail, yet it is equally true that an efficient Executive, capable, in the language of the oath prescribed to the President, of executing the laws, and, within the sphere of ex- ecutive action, of preserving, protecting, and de- fending the Constitution of the United States, is an indispensable security for tranquillity at home, and peace, honor, and safety abroad. Governments have been erected in many countries upon our model. If one or many of them have thus far failed in fully securing to their people the benefits which we have derived from our system, it may be THE PRESIDENT'S VETO. 397 confidently asserted that their misfortune has re- sulted from their unfortunate failure to maintain the integrity of each of the three great departments while preserving harmony among them all. Hav- ing at an early period accepted the Constitution in regard to the executive office in the sense in which it was interpreted with the concurrence of its found ers, I have found no sufficient grounds in the argu- ments now opposed to that construction, or in any assumed necessity of the times, for changing those opinions. For these reasons I return the bill to the Senate, in which House it originated, for the fur- ther consideration of Congress which the Constitu- tion prescribes. Insomuch as the several parts of the bill which I have not considered are matters chiefly of detail, and are based altogether upon the theory of the Constitution from which I am obliged to dissent, I have not thought it necessary to examine them with a view to make them an oc- casion of distinct and special objections. When- ever administration fails, or seems to fail, in secur- ing any of the great ends for which republican government is established, the proper course seems to be to renew the original spirit and forms of the Constitution itself. WASHINGTON, March 2, 186T. 398 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. THE BANKKUPTCY ACT. THE MAIN PROVISIONS OP WHICH ARE AS FOLLOWS! AN ACT to establish a uniform System of Bankruptcy through- out the United States. THE district courts of the United States are consti- tuted courts of bankruptcy under this act, in all mat- ters under, or growing out of which, they have original jurisdiction. They are always open for business under this act, and the powers of the judge in vacation, and when sitting in chambers, are the same as when sitting in court and in term time. They may be held in any part of the district. The circuit courts have also a general supervision of all cases under this act, and may be appealed to from the district courts, with which they have also concur- rent jurisdiction in all cases wherein the assignee in bankruptcy is a party ; but no claim can be main- tained by or against an assignee touching the bank- THE BANKRUPTCY ACT. 399 rupt's property after the lapse of two years. One or more registers shall be appointed in each Congres- sional district, whose duty it is to act in the place of the judge in all merely administrative and uncon- tested cases. Bankruptcy may be either voluntary or involuntary. The debtor may assume voluntary bankruptcy if his debts exceed three hundred dol- lars, by filing a petition, setting forth his debts, an inventory of all his possessions, and a declaration of willingness to give them up to his creditors. A warrant then issues from the court appointing a time and place for a meeting of the creditors. At this meeting an assignee or assignees are chosen, sub- ject to the approval of the court, to whom is deliv- ered all the property of the bankrupt, except that specifically exempted. The assignee possesses all the powers for recovering debts due the de'btor, which the latter would otherwise have possessed. The court may examine the bankrupt, or the wife of the bankrupt, on oath, or any person who may be able to give evidence on any matter pertaining to the bankrupt's affairs, and may compel their attend- ance. All claims against the bankrupt must be duly verified in writing and on oath. Those which are approved are registered by the assignee, and all creditors, whose claims are allowed, are entitled to share in the bankrupt's estate, pro raid, no priority 400 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. of claim being allowed except for the wages of cer- tain servants. At the expiration of each three months after the adjudication of bankruptcy, the ap- proved creditors may receive dividends on their claims ; and after all claims have been decided upon, and the assignee's accounts have been approved by the court, all expenses of the proceedings are paid from the portion of the estate remaining in the hands of the assignee, and the residue divided finally among the creditors. After six months from the adjudication of bankruptcy, the bankrupt may receive a discharge from all previous debts honestly contracted by and due from him, provided there has been no fraud on his part in the proceedings. Any conveyance or transfer of property made by the debtor to a preferred creditor, in view of insolvency, within four months before the filing of a petition in bankruptcy, is void ; and the creditor who, knowing the facts, receives such conveyance, forfeits all share in the bankrupt's estate, and also double the value of the money or property so obtained, which is re- coverable by the assignee for the benefit of the es- tate. A partnership or firm may be made bankrupt by the filing of a petition by any member, when not only the joint property, but the separate estates of each member of the firm is taken by the assignee. Separate accounts are kept by the assignee, who THE BANKRUPTCY ACT. 401 pays the private debts of each member from his own estate, and the balance is added to the joint stock for the benefit of the creditors of the firm, if the property of the firm shall not have been suffi- cient to liquidate the claims against it. A certifi- cate of discharge is given or refused to each partner according to the merits of his individual case. Where partners reside in different districts, jurisdic- tion is in that district where the petition is first filed. Involuntary bankruptcy may be forced upon any debtor who has committed certain acts of ac- tual or constructive fraud, by which he is deemed to have committed an act of bankruptcy, on the peti- tion of any one of his creditors whose debt amounts to $250. If the debtor so demand, the question of fact as to the alleged act of bankruptcy may be tried by a jury ; and if the allegations in the ques- tion be maintained, or if the debtor allow the mat- ter to go by default, a warrant of bankruptcy issues, and the estate of the bankrupt is settled in a manner similar to that in a case of voluntary bankruptcy. Fines and imprisonment are decreed against either bankrupts or officers who are guilty of fraud or of- fences under this act. [March 2, 1867.] TABLE OF STATES AND TEKKITOEIES. 403 I 8 I i a 1-5 I I I 3 .s 4:04: THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. "* C5 '*> K3 Oi ! I CO *> f " " i . c$ " " ' ' ' r t*H *S b n EH*^ o O 1 1^ g O ^-^^ ^i 1 -- 1 ^' V^*Q^H-IO^WJ |||iilll!-|1||iii ^^^SoS?r!r : ?!r!5r!Og?n^ r O 1 T3 *i 3 J S N ^2 -.2 -M o^ 'llg^J o :5 : fi | || :-g iJHi 1^ |5 : g| fa3 i^^k^M PQ^ IP IOP 5 3 . A , A , A w w w w w C . ii(i li (r If (i IrHrHT-H _, , __O l OcOCOO5O5GO t;22>*Cdc5c5c5^oo)5 ( j J ESOOHO)OQ}OC8SS5 TABLE OF STATES AND TERRITORIES. 405 al C s 5 OS r-H (M CO - nH f-l CO a a -J o o o E ~ r. ~ O Is 10 CO I-H S r-t i-H CO "g 2* P 1 rH CO CO O CO CO CO CO 00 00 00 00 1I|I j f! O O O 00 10 rH CO -rt* CO 00 * 2 O5 "<^ i 1 IO O (M ^ O 2" 1 o o co o to 10 00 00 00 I -*^ +3 K- ^H OH CX, g CO o o >; 00 GO OO ^ i i Utah New Mexico Washington Colorado 4:06 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. POPULAB AND ELEOTOKAL STATES. I860. Rep. Lincoln. Dem. Douglas. Dem. Breckenridge. Union, Bell. Alabama 13,651 5,227 38,516 15,522 1,023 367 11,590 160,215 115,509 55,111 25,651 7,625 26,693 5,966 34,372 65,057 11,920 3,283 58,801 25,881 62,801 312,510 2,701 187/232 3,951 16,765 7,707 chosen by 11,350 6,849 16,290 65,021 48,831 28,732 34,334 14,641 7.337 8,543 51,889 2,404 12,295 1,048 53,143 22,681 6,368 42,482 5,939 805 748 40,797 31,317 2,il2 48,539 11,405 5,006 178,871 the Legis- 64,709 47,548 218 74,323 *888 27,875 20,094 6,817 3,291 3,864 5,437 42,886 4,913 5,306 1,763 66,058 20,204 2,046 41,760 22,331 405 62 25,040 58,372 441 44,990 12,194 183 12,776 69,274 15,438 1,969 74,681 161 Arkansas . . 39,173 43,792 3,815 California Florida . . Ulinois 172,161 139,033 70,409 1,364 62',811 2,294 106,533 88,480 22,069 Iowa Kentucky Maine Maryland . . Massachusetts Michigan . . . . Mississippi . . 17,028 Nebraskai ... ... Nevada 37,519 58,324 362,646 231,610 5,270 268,030 12,244 Electors 33,808 1,929 86,1 10 New Hampshire New Jersey . . . . New York North Carolina .... Ohio Oregon Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina Tennessee Texas ... West Virginia. . . Wisconsin Total 1,866,452 1,375,157 847,953 590,631 Tn 1864, wh. vote, 4,000,850; Linc.'s maj., 406,812. In 1860, wh.vote, 4,680,193 ; Line. ov. POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTES. VOTES FOE PEESIDENT, 407 ELECTORAL VOTES. 1864. ELECTORAL VOTES. Line. Doug. Breck. Bell. Rep. Lincoln. Dem. McClellan. Lincoln. McCleirn 9 4 ...r 58,698 44,691 8,155 189*496 150,238 89,075 16,441 26,592 61,803 40,153 126,742 85,352 25,060 71,676 9,826 36,400 60,723 368,735 264,975 9,888 296,391 13,692 42,419 23,152 83,458 4 6 42,255 42,285 8,767 5 6 3 3 3 10 .... "ii 13 4 .... 158,730 130,233 49,596 3,691 61,478 16 13 8 3 "ii .... . . #?. **6 12 8 "13 6 4 44,211 32,739 48,745 67,370 17,375 7 7 12 8 4 .... 8 7 .... 9 .... 31,626 11 6,594 32,871 68,024 361,986 3 5 "33 "7 5 7 35 10 .... 23 3 27 4 205,557 8,457 276,316 8,470 21 3 26 4 .... 8 lature. 12 5 .... 4 13,321 5 .... 15 10,438 65,884 5 8 .... 5 179 16 72 39 2,203,831 1,797,019 213 21 Doug., 491,275; ov. Breck., 1,018,500; ov. Bell, 1,275,821 ; all others ov. Line., 947,289. RETURN TO the circulation desk of any University of California Library or to the NORTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY Bldg. 400, Richmond Field Station University of California Richmond, CA 94804-4698 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 2-month loans may be renewed by calling (510)642-6753 1-year loans may be recharged by bringing books to NRLF Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date DUE AS STAMPED BELOW DEC 2 1 1993 YC131965 624 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY