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THE
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NEW YORK:
E. B. TREAT & COMPANY,
No. 654 Broadway.
THE
NATIONAL HAND-BOOK
OF
FACTS AND FIGURES,
HISTORICAL, DOCUMENTARY,
STATISTICAL, POLITICAL,
FROM THE FORMATION OF THE GOVERNMENT TO THE
PRESENT TIME.
I
WITH A FULL CHRONOLOGY OF THE REBELLION,
Illustrated.
NEW YORK:
E. B. TREAT & CO., 654 BROADWAY.
CHICAGO, ILL. : R. C. TREAT & C. W. LILLET.
IRA S. BRAIN ARD, ST. LOUIS, MO.
A. L. TALCOTT & CO., PITTSBURG, PA.
H. H BANCROFT & CO., SAN FRANCISCO, CAL.
1868.
Entered, according to Act of Congress, in the year 1868, by
E. B. TREAT,
In the Clerk's office of the District Court for the Southern Dist. of New York.
PRESS OF THE NEW YORK PRINTING COMPANY.
PREFACE.
THIS book appeals to the patriotic sentiments of
all classes of readers. In its pages will be found
those words of burning eloquence which lighted the
fires of the American Revolution, stirring the hearts
of our fathers to do battle for our independence ;
the words of wisdom which brought our ship of state
safely through the storms of strife into the calms of
peace, and all of the most important speeches and
proclamations of our statesmen which guided our
country during critical periods of our political life.
It is a book of our country as a whole ; all must
read it with emotions of gratitude and pride at the
grandeur and stability of our institutions as exempli-
fied by the eloquent words of the statesmen and
leading spirits of the great Eepublic.
First in its pages, appropriately, will be found
the " Declaration of Independence," the great corner
VI PREFACE.
stone of American liberty ; and as a fitting close.
one of our most distinguished historians has fur-
nished a " History of the Flag," the Flag of the
Union, the sacred emblem around which are clus-
tered the memories of the thousands of heroes who
have struggled to sustain it untarnished against both
foreign and domestic foes.. To the Declaration of
Independence, Constitution of the United States,
and Washington's Farewell Address truly " Key
Notes to American Liberty " have been added
many important proclamations and congressional
acts of a later day, namely : President Jackson's
famous Nullification Proclamation to South Caro-
lina, The Monroe Doctrine, Dred Scott Decision,
Neutrality laws, with numerous documents, state
papers and statistical matter growing out of the late
Eebellion ; all of which will be read with new and
ever increasing interest. And as long as our
Republic endures, these pages will be cherished as
the representative of all that is great and good in
our country ; and will prove incentives to our chil-
dren to follow in the footsteps of the patriots by
whose genius and valor our institutions have been
cherished and preserved, and liberty, like water
made to run throughout the land free to all.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE 9
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES 18
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 39
CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT ABOLISHING SLAVERY .... 44
PROPOSED AMENDMENTS OF THE XXXIXTH CONGRESS. . . 48
THE ORDINANCE OF 1787. 51
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1793 52
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850 55
THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE 67
BATTLES OF THE EEVOLUTION 69
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON 70
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS f 77
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION TO SOUTH CARO-
LINA , 105
MONROE DOCTRINE 144
DRED SCOTT DECISION 146
PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS OF THE UNITED
STATES, WITH THE POPULAR VOTE FOR EACH 154
POPULAR NAMES OF STATES 166
NEUTRALITY LAW OF THE UNITED STATES 168
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES 176
SLAVE POPULATION IN THE UNITED STATES IN 1860 177
STATISTICS OF SLAVERY BEFORE THE REVOLUTION 178
SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS, His LAST
WORDS FOR THE UNION 179
PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S FIRST CALL FOR TROOPS 186
TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED INTO SERVICE
DURING THE REBELLION 188
Vlll CONTENTS.
PAGE
RESOLUTIONS OP THE N. Y. CHAMBER OP COMMERCE. . . . 189
BLOCKADE PROCLAMATION, BY PRESIDENT LINCOLN 194
EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION 197
CONFISCATION ACT 201
FIRST INAUGURAL ADDRESS OP PRESIDENT LINCOLN 204
BALANCE SHEET OP THE GOVERNMENT, BEFORE AND
SINCE THE WAR, 1859 AND 1865 221
PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S SECOND AND LAST INAUGURAL
ADDRESS 222
PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OP AMNESTY 226
PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PROCLAMATION 232-
PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S PEACE PROCLAMATION 237
THE CIVIL RIGHTS BILL 239
FREEDMEN'S BUREAU BILL 248
PROVOST MARSHAL-GENERAL'S REPORT OP THE KILLED
AND WOUNDED DURING THE REBELLION 261
THE UNITED STATES ARMY, SHOWING THE NUMBER OP
MEN FURNISHED FROM EACH STATE DURING THE
REBELLION , 265
HISTORY OP THE FLAG 266
IMPORTANT EVENTS OP THE REBELLION 274
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OP THE BATTLES AND SKIR-
MISHES OP THE WAR, SHOWING THE COMMANDING
OFFICERS AND Loss ON EACH SIDE 280
LIST OP VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED FOR VIO-
LATION OP THE BLOCKADE OR IN BATTLE 319
UNION VESSELS CAPTURED OR DESTROYED BY THE DIF-
FERENT CONFEDERATE PRIVATEERS 352
THE VARIOUS RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 361
TENURE OF OFFICE BILL 381
PRESIDENT JOHNSON'S VETO 386
THE BANKRUPTCY ACT 398
STATISTICS OF THE STATES AND TERRITORIES 403
THE POPULAR ELECTORAL VOTE OF 1860 AND 1864. . . , . 406
IATIOIAL HAID-BOOK.
DEOLAEATION OF INDEPENDENCE.
IN CONGEESS, July 4, 1776.
By the Representatives oftiie United States, in Congress assembled.
A DECLARATION.
WHEN, in the course of liuman events, it becomes
necessary for one people to dissolve the political
bands which have connected them with another, and
to assume among the powers of the earth the separate
and equal station to which the laws of nature and of
nature's God entitle them, a decent respect for the
opinions of mankind requires that they should declare
the causes which impel them to the separation.
1*
LO NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
We hold these truths to be self-evident : that all
men are created equal ; that they are endowed by
their Creator with certain inalienable rights ; that
among these are life, liberty, and the pursuit of hap-
piness ; that to secure these rights, governments are
instituted among men, deriving their just powers
from the consent of the governed ; that whenever any
form of government becoriles destructive of these
ends it is the right of the people to alter or to abolish
it, and to institute a new government, laying its
foundation on such principles, and organizing its
powers in such form, as to them shall seem most
likely to effect their safety and happiness. Prudence,
indeed, will dictate that governments long estab-
lished should not be changed for light and transient
causes ; and accordingly all experience hath shown
that mankind are more- disposed to suffer, while evils
are sufferable, than to right themselves by abolishing
the forms to which they are accustomed. But when
a long train of abuses and usurpations, pursuing
invariably the same object, evinces a design to
reduce them under absolute despotism, it is their
right, it is their duty, to throw off such government
and to provide new guards for their future security
Such has been the patient sufferance of these col-
,onies; and such is now the necessity which con
strains them to alter their former system of govern-
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 11
ment. The history of the present King of Great
Britain is a history of repeated injuries and usurpa-
tions, all having in direct object the establishment of
an absolute tyranny over these States. To prove
this, let facts be submitted to a candid world.
He has refused his assent to laws the most whole-
some and necessary for the public good.
He has forbidden his governors to pass laws of
immediate and pressing importance, unless suspended
in their operation till his assent should be obtained ;
and, when so suspended, he has utterly neglected to
attend to them.
He has refused to pass other laws for the accom-
modation of large districts of people, unless those
people would relinquish the right of representation
in the legislature a right inestimable to them, and
formidable to tyrants only.
He has called together legislative bodies at places
unusual, uncomfortable, and distant from the deposi-
tory of their public records, for the sole purpose of
fatiguing them into compliance with his measures.
He has dissolved representative houses repeatedly,
for opposing, with manly firmness, his invasions on
the right of the people.
He has refused, for a long time after such disso-
lutions, to cause others to be elected ; whereby the
legislative powers, incapable of annihilation, have
12 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
returned to the people at large for their exercise ;
the State remaining, in the mean time, exposed to
all the danger of invasion from without and convul-
sions within.
He has endeavored to prevent the population of
these States ; for that purpose obstructing the laws
for naturalization of foreigners, refusing to pass
others to encourage tti^ir migration hither, and
raising the conditions of new appropriations of
lands.
He has obstructed the administration of justice,
by refusing his assent to laws for establishing
judiciary powers.
He has made judges dependent on his will alone
for the tenure of their offices and the amount and
payment of their salaries.
He has erected a multitude of new offices, and
sent hither swarms of officers, to harrass our people
and eat out their substance.
He has kept among us, in times of peace, stand-
ing armies, without the consent of our legislatures.
He has affected to render the military indepen-
dent of and superior to the civil power.
He has combined with others to subject us to a
jurisdiction foreign to our constitution and unac-
knowledged by our laws ; giving his assent to their
acts of pretended legislation,
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 13
For quartering large bodies of armed troops
among us :
For protecting them, by a mock trial, from pun-
ishment for any murders which they should commit
on the inhabitants of these States :
For cutting off our trade with all parts of the
world :
For imposing taxes on us without our consent :
For depriving us, in many cases, of the benefits
of trial by jury :
For transporting us beyond seas, to be tried for
pretended offences :
For abolishing the free system of English law in
a neighboring province, establishing therein an arbi-
trary government, and enlarging its boundaries so
as to render it at once an example and fit instrument
for introducing the same absolute rule into these
colonies :
For taking away our charters, abolishing our
most valuable laws, and altering fundamentally the
forms of our government :
For suspending our own legislatures, and declar-
ing themselves invested with power to legislate for
us in all cases whatsoever.
He has abdicated government here by declaring
us out of his protection, and waging war against us
He has plundered our seas, ravaged our coasts,
14 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
burned our towns, and destroyed the lives of our
people.
He is at this time transporting large armies of
foreign mercenaries, to complete the works of death,
desolation, and tyranny, already begun, with circu in-
stances of cruelty and perfidy scarcely paralleled in
the most barbarous ages, and totally unworthy the
head of a civilized nation.
He has constrained our fellow-citizens, taken
captive on the high seas, to bear arms against their
country, to become the executioners of their friends
and brethren, or to fall themselves by their hands.
He has excited domestic insurrections amongst
us, and has endeavored to bring on the inhabitants
of our frontiers the merciless Indian savages, whose
known rule of warfare is an undistinguished destruc-
tion of all ages,, sexes, and conditions.
In every stage of these oppressions we have peti-
tioned for redress in the most humble terms ; our
petitions have been answered only by repeated
injury. A prince whose character is thus marked
by every act which may define a tyrant, is unfit to
be the ruler of a free people.
Nor have we been wanting in attention to our
British brethren. We have warned them, from time
to time, of attempts made by their legislature to
extend an unwarrantable jurisdiction over us. We
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 15
have reminded them of the circumstances of our
emigration and settlement here. We have appealed
to their native justice and magnanimity, and we
have conjured them, by the ties of our common kin-
dred, to disavow these usurpations, which would
inevitably interrupt our connections and correspon-
dence. They, too, have been deaf to the voice of
justice and consanguinity. We must therefore
acquiesce in the necessity which denounces our sep-
aration, and hold them, as we hold the rest of man-
kind, enemies in war in peace, friends.
We, therefore, the representatives of the United
States of America, in General Congress assembled,
appealing to the Supreme Judge of the world for
the rectitude of our intentions, do, in the name and
by the authority of the good people of these colonies,
solemnly publish and declare that these United Col-
onies are, and of good right ought to be, free and
independent States ; that they are absolved from all
allegiance to the British crown, and that all political
connection between them and the State of Great
Britain is, and ought to be, totally dissolved ; and
that, as free and independent States, they have full
power to levy war, conclude peace, contract alli-
ances, establish commerce, and to do all other acts
and things which independent States may of right
do. And for the support of this declaration, with a
16
NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
firm reliance on the protection of Divine Providence,
we mutually pledge to each other our lives, our
fortunes, and our sacred honor.
Signed by order and in behalf of the Congress.
JOHN HANCOCK, President.
Attested, CHARLES THOMPSON, Secretary.
NEW HAMPSHIBE.
Josiah Bartlett,
William Whipple,
Matthew Thornton.
MASSACHUSETTS BAY.
Samuel Adams,
John Adams,
Robert Treat Paine,
Eldridge Gerry.
ERODE ISLAND, ETC.
Stephen Hopkins,
William Ellery.
CONNECTICUT.
Roger Sherman,
Samuel Huntington,
William Williams,
Oliver Wolcott.
NEW YOBK.
William Floyd,
Philip Livingston,
Francis Lewis,
Lewis Morris.
NEW JERSEY.
Richard Stockton,
John Witherspoon,
Francis Hopkinson,
John Hart,
Abraham Clark.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Robert Morris,
Benjamin Rush,
Benjamin Franklin,
John Morton,
George Clymer,
James Smith,
George Taylor,
James Wilson,
George Ross.
DELAWAEE.
Caesar Rodney,
George Read,
Thomas M'Kean.
MAE YL AND.
Samuel Chase,
William Paca,
Thomas Stone,
Charles Carroll, of Carrollton.
VIEGINIA.
George Wythe,
Richard Henry Lee,
Thomas Jeflerson,
Benjamin Harrison,
Thomas Nelson, jr.,
Francis Lightfoot Lee,
Carter Braxton.
DECLARATION OF INDEPENDENCE. 17
NOBTH OABOLINA. Thomas Hey ward, jr.,
Tir'ii' TT Thomas Lynch, jr..
William Hooper, ^ m y^
Joseph Hewes,
John Penn. GEOEGIA.
Edward Rutledge, George Walton.
18 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES,
WE, the People of the United States, in order to form a more
perfect union, establish justice, insure domestic tranquillity,
provide for the common defence, promote the general wel-
fare, and secure the blessings of liberty to ourselves and our
posterity, do ordain and establish this Constitution for the
United States of America.
ARTICLE I.
I. All legislative powers herein granted shall
be vested in a Congress of the United States, which
shall consist of a Senate and House of Representa-
tives.
II. 1. The House of Representatives shall be
composed of members chosen every second year by
the people of the several States ; and the electors in
each State shall have the qualifications requisite for
electors of the most numerous branch of the State
legislature.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 19
2. T$o person shall be a representative who shall
not have attained the age of twenty-five years, and
been seven years a citizen of the United States, and
who shall not, when elected, be an inhabitant of the
State in which he shall be chosen.
3. Representatives and direct taxes shall be appor-
tioned among the several States which may be
included within this Union, according to their
respective numbers, which shall be determined by
adding to the whole number of free persons, includ-
ing those bound to service for a term of years, and
excluding Indians not taxed, three-fifths of all other
persons. The actual enumeration shall be made
within three years after the first meeting of the Con-
gress of the United States, and within every subse-
quent term of ten years, in such manner as they shall
by law direct. The number of representatives shall
not exceed one for every thirty thousand, but each
State shall have at least one representative; and
until such enumeration shall be made, the State of
New Hampshire shall be entitled to choose three;
Massachusetts, eight ; Rhode Island and Providence
Plantations, one ; Connecticut, five ; New York,
six ; New Jersey, four ; Pennsylvania, eight ; Dela-
ware, one ; Maryland, six ; Virginia, ten ; North
Carolina, five ; South Carolina, five ; Georgia, three.
4. When vacancies happen in the representation
20 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
of any State, the executive authority thereof shall
issue writs of election to fill such vacancies.
5. The House of Eepresentatives shall choose
their speaker and other officers, and shall have the
sole power of impeachment.
III. 1. The Senate of the United States shall
be composed of two senators from each State, chosen
by the legislature thereof, for six years ; and each
senator shall have one vote.
2. Immediately after they shall be assembled in
consequence of the first election, they shall be divi-
ded, as equally as may be, into three classes. The
seats of the senators of the first class shall be vacated
at the expiration of the second year, of the second
class at the e*xpiration of the fourth year, and the
third class at the expiration of the sixth year, so that
one third may be chosen every second year ; and if
vacancies happen, by resignation or otherwise, during
the recess of the legislature of any State, the execu-
tive thereof may make temporary appointments until
the next meeting of the legislature, which shall then
fill such vacancies.
3. No person shall be a Senator who shall not
have attained the age of thirty years, and been nine
years a citizen of the United States, and who shall
not, when elected, be an inhabitant of that State for
which he shall be chosen.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 21
4. The Vice-President of the United States shall
be President of the Senate, but shall have no vote,
unless they be equally divided.
5. The Senate shall choose their other officers,
and also a president pro tempore in the absence of
the Yice-President, or when he shall exercise the
office of President of the United States.
6. TJie Senate shall have the sole power to try
all impeachments. "When sitting for that purpose,
they shall be on oath or affirmation. When the
President of the United States is tried, the chief
justice shall preside ; and no person shall be con-
victed without the concurrence of two-thirds of the
members present.
7. Judgment, in cases of impeachment, shall not
extend further than to removal from office, and dis-
qualification to hold and enjoy any office of honor,
trust, or profit under the United States; but the
party convicted shall, nevertheless, bte liable and
subject to indictment, trial, judgment, and punish-
ment, according to law.
IY. 1. The times, places, and manner of hold-
ing elections for Senators and representatives shall
be prescribed in each State by the legislature
thereof; but the Congress may, at any time, by law,
make or alter such regulations, except as to the
places of choosing senators.
22 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
2. The Congress shall assemble at least once in
every year ; and such meeting shall be on the first
Monday in December, unless they shall by law ap-
point a different day.
Y. 1. Each house shall be judge of the elec-
tions, returns, and qualifications of its own members ;
and a majority of each shall constitute a quorum to
do business ; but a smaller number may adjourn
from day to day, and may be authorized to compel
the attendance of absent members, in such manner
and under such penalties as each house may provide.
2. Each house may determine the rules' of its
proceedings, punish its members for disorderly be-
havior, and, with the concurrence of two- thirds, expel
a member.
3. Each house shall keep a journal of its proceed-
ings, and from time to time publish the same,
excepting such parts as may, in their judgment,
require secrecy ; and the yeas and nays of the mem-
bers of either house on any question shall, at the
desire of one-fifth of those present, be entered on the
journal.
4. Neither house, during the session of Congress,
shall, without the consent of the other, adjourn for
more than three days, nor to any other place than
that in which the two houses shall be sitting.
YI. 1. The senators and representatives shall
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 23
receive a compensation for their services, to be ascer-
tained by law, and paid out of the treasury of the
United States. They shall, in all cases except
treason, felony, and breach of the peace, be privi-
leged from arrest during their attendance at the
session of their respective houses, and in going to or
returning from the same ; and for any speech or
debate in either house they shall not be questioned
in any other place.
2. "No senator or representative shall, during the
time for which he was elected, be appointed to any
civil office under the authority of the United States
which shall have been created ? or the emoluments
whereof shall have been increased, during such time ;
and no person holding any office under the United
States shall be a member of either house during his
continuance in office.
VII. 1. All bills for raising revenue shall
originate in the House of Representatives ; but the
Senate may propose or concur with amendments, as
on other bills.
2. Every bill which shall have passed the House
of Representatives and the Senate shall, before k
becomes a law, be presented to the President of the
United States ; if he approve, he shall sign it ; but
if not, he shall return it with his objections, to that
house in which it shall have originated, who shall
24 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
enter the objections at large on their journal, and
proceed to reconsider it. If, after such reconsidera-
ation, two thirds of that house shall agree to pass the
bill, it shall be sent, together with the objections, to
the other house ; and if approved by two-thirds of
that house it shall become a law. But in all such
cases the votes of both houses shall be determined by
yeas and nays ; and the name of the persons voting
for and against the bill shall be entered on the jour-
nals of each house respectively. If any bill shall not
be returned by the President within ten days (Sun-
days excepted) after it shall have been presented to
him, the same shall be a law, in like manner as if he
had signed it, unless Congress, by their adjournment,
prevent its return ; in which case it shall not be a
law.
3. Every order, resolution, or vote to which the
concurrence of the Senate and House of Representa-
tives may be necessary (except on a question of
adjournment) shall be presented to the President of
the United States, and before the same shall take
effect shall be approved by him, or, being disap-
proved by him, shall be repassed by two-thirds of the
Senate and House of Representatives, according to
the rules and limitations prescribed in the case of a
bill.
VIII. The Congress shall have power
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 25
1. To lay and collect taxes, duties, imposts, and
excises ; to pay the debts and provide for the com-
mon defence and general welfare of the United
States ; but all duties, imposts, and excises shall be
uniform throughout the United States :
2. To borrow money on the credit of the United
States :
3. To regnlate commerce with foreign nations,
and among the several States, and with the Indian
tribes :
i. To establish a uniform rule of naturalization,
and uniform laws on the subject of bankruptcies,
throughout the United States :
5. To coin money, regulate the value thereof, and
of foreign coin, and fix the standard of weights and
measures :
6. To provide for the punishment of counterfeit-
ing the securities and current coin of the United
States :
7. To establish post offices and post roads :
8. To promote the progress of science and useful
arts, by securing, for limited times, to authors and
inventors the exclusive right to their respective writ-
ings and discoveries :
9. To constitute tribunals inferior to the Supreme
Court :
10. To define and punish piracies and felonies
26 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
committed on the high seas, and offences against the
law of nations :
11. To declare war, grant letters of -marque and
reprisal, and make rules concerning captures on land
and water :
12. To raise and support armies ; but no appro-
priation of money to that use shall be for a longer
term than two years :
13. To provide and maintain a navy :
14. To make rules for the government and reg-
ulation of the land and naval forces :
15. To provide for calling forth the militia to
execute the laws of the Union, suppress insurrections,
and repel invasions
16. To provide for organizing, arming, and disci-
plining the militia, and for governing such part of
them as may be employed in the service of the
United States, reserving to the States respectively the
appointment of the officers, and the authority of
training the militia, according to the discipline pre-
scribed by Congress :
17. To exercise exclusive legislation, in all cases
whatsoever, over such district (not exceeding ten
miles square) as may, by cession of particular States,
and the acceptance of Congress, become the seat of
government of the United States, and to exercise like
authority over all places purchased by the consent of
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 27
the legislature of the State in which the same shall
be, for the erection of forts, magazines, arsenals, dock
yards, and other needful building : And,
18. To make all laws which shall be necessary
and proper for carrying into execution the foregoing
powers, and all other powers vested by this Consti-
tution in the government of the United States, or in
any department or officer thereof.
IX. 1. The migration or importation of such
persons as any of the States, now existing, shall think
proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Con-
gress prior to the year one thousand eight hundred
and eight ; but a tax or duty may be imposed on
such importation, not exceeding ten dollars for each
person.
2. The privilege of the writ of habeas corpus
shall not be suspended, unless when, in cases of re-
bellion or invasion, the public safety may require it.
3. E"o bill of attainder, or ex post facto law, shall
be passed.
4. No capitation or other direct tax shall be laid,
unless in proportion to the census or enumeration
herein before directed to be taken.
5. No tax or duty shall be laid on articles ex-
ported from any States. No preference shall be
given, by any regulation of commerce or revenue, to
the ports of one State over those of another ; nor
28 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
shall vessels bound to or from one State be obliged
to enter, clear, or pay duties in another.
6. No money shall be drawn from the treasury
but in consequence of appropriations made by law ;
and a regular statement and account of the receipts
and expenditurss of all public money shall be pub-
lished from time to time.
7. ISTo title of nobility shall be granted by the
United States ; and no person holding any office of
profit or trust under them shall, without the consent
of the Congress, accept of any present, emolument,
office, or title of any kind whatever, from any king,
prince, or foreign State.
X. 1. ISTo state shall enter into any treaty,
alliance, or confederation ; grant letters of marque
and reprisal ; coin money ; emit bills of,, credit ;
make any thing but gold and silver coin a tender in
payment of debts ; pass any bill of attainder, ex post
facto law, or impairing the obligation of contracts ;
or grant any title of nobility.
2. JSTo State shall, without the consent of Con-
gress, lay any imposts or duties on imports or
exports, except what may be absolutely necessary for
executing its inspection laws ; and the net produce
of all duties and imposts laid by any State on im-
ports or exports shall be for the use of the treasury
of the United States ; and all such laws shall be
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 29
subject to the revision and control of the Congress.
~No State shall, without the consent of Congress, lay
any duty on tonnage, keep troops or ships of war in
time of peace, enter into any agreement or compact
with another State or with a foreign power, or
engage in war, unless actually invaded, or in such
imminent danger as will not admit of delay.
ARTICLE n.
I. 1. The executive power shall be vested in a
President of the United States of America. He
shall hold his office during the term of four years,
and, together with the Yice-President, chosen for the
same term, be elected as follows :
2. Each State shall appoint, in such manner as
the legislature thereof may direct, a number of elec-
tors, equal to the whole number of senators and
representatives to which the State may be entitled in
the Congress ; but no senator or representative, or
person holding an office of trust or profit under the
United States, shall be appointed an elector.
3. [Annulled. See Amendments, Art. 12.]
4. The Congress may determine the time of
choosing the electors, and the day on which they
shall give their votes, which day shall be the same
throughout the United States.
30 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
5. "No person except a natural-born citizen, or a
citizen of the United States at the time of the adop-
tion of this Constitution, shall be eligible to the office
of President ; neither shall any person be eligible to
that office who shall not have attained the age of
thirty-five years, and been fourteen years a resident
within the United States.
6. In case of the removal of the President from
office, or of his death, resignation, or inability to dis-
charge the powers and duties of said office, the same
shall devolve on the Yice-President ; and the Con-
gress may by law provide for the case of removal,
death, resignation, or inability both of the President
and Yice-President, declaring what officer shall then
7 C5
act as President, and such officer shall act accord-
ingly, until the disability be removed, or a President
shall be elected.
7. The President shall, at stated times, receive
for his services a compensation which shall neither
be increased nor diminished during the period for
which he shall have been elected ; and he shall not
receive, within that period, any other emolument
from the United States, or any of them.
8. Before he enter on the execution of his office,
he shall take the following oath or affirmation :
" I do solemnly swear (or affirm) that I will
faithfully execute the office of President of the
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 31
United States, and will, to the best of my ability,
preserve, protect, and defend the Constitution of the
United States."
II. 1. The President shall be commander-in-
chief of the army and navy of the United States, and
of the militia of the several States, when called into
the actual service of the United States : he may
require the opinion, in writing, of the principal
officer in each of the executive departments upon
any subject relating to the duties of their respective
offices ; and he shall have power to grant reprieves
and pardons for offences against the United States,
except in cases of impeachment.
2. He shall have power, by and with the advice
and consent of the Senate, to make treaties, provided
two-thirds of the Senators present concur ; and he
shall nominate, and by and with the advice and
consent of the Senate shall appoint, ambassadors,
other public ministers, and consuls, judges of the
Supreme Court, and all other officers of the United
States whose appointments are not herein otherwise
provided for, and which shall be established by law.
But the Congress may, by law, vest the appointment
of such inferior officers as they think proper in the
President alone, in the courts of law, or in the heads
of departments.
3. The President shall have power to fill up all
32 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
vacancies that may happen during the recess of the
Senate, by granting commissions, which shall expire
at the end of the next session.
III. He shall, from time to time, give to the
Congress information of the state of the Union, and
recommend to their consideration such measures as
he shall judge necessary and expedient ; he may, on
extraordinary occasions, convene both houses, or
either of them, and in case of disagreement between
them with respect to the time of adjournment, he
may adjourn them to such time as he shall think
proper ; he shall receive ambassadors and other public
ministers ; he shall take care that the laws are faith-
fully executed ; and shall commission all the officers
of the United States.
IY. The President, Vice-President, and all
civil officers of the United States, shall be removed
from office on impeachment for, and conviction of,
treason, bribery, or other high crimes and misde-
meanors.
ARTICLE in.
I. The judicial power of the United States
shall be vested in one Supreme Court, and in such
inferior courts as the Congress may, from time to
time, ordain and establish. The judges, both of the
Supreme and inferior courts, shall hold their offices
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 33
during good behavior, and shall, at stated times,
receive for their services a compensation which shall
not be diminished during their continuance in office.
II. 1. The judicial power shall extend to all
cases in law and equity arising under this Constitu-
tion, the laws of the United States, and treaties
made, or which shall be made under their authority ;
to all cases affecting ambassadors, and other public
ministers, and consuls ; to all cases of admiralty and
maritime jurisdiction ; to controversies to which the
United States shall be a party ; to controversies be-
tween two or more States; between a State and
citizens of another State ; between citizens of differ-
ent States; between citizens of the same State,
claiming lands under grants of different States, and
between a State, or the citizens thereof, and foreign
States, citizens, or subjects.
2. In all cases affecting ambassadors, other public
ministers, and consuls, and those in which a State
shall be a party, the Supreme Court shall have orig-
inal jurisdiction. In all other cases before men-
tioned, the Supreme Court shall have appellate
? jurisdiction, both as to law and fact, with such ex-
ceptions, and under such regulations, as the Congress
shall make.
3. The trial of all crimes, except in cases of im-
peachment, shall be by jury; and such trial shall be
2*
34 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
held in the State where such crimes shall have been
committed ; but when not committed within any
State, the trial shall be at such place or places as the
Congress may by law have directed.
III. 1. Treason against the United States
shall consist only in levying war against them, or in
adhering to their enemies, giving them aid and com-
fort !N~o person shall be convicted of treason, unless
on the testimony of two witnesses to the same overt
act, or confessions in open court.
2. The Congress shall have power to declare the
punishment of treason; but no attainder of treason
shall work corruption of blood, or forfeiture, except
during the life of the person attainted.
ARTICLE rv.
I. Full faith and credit shall be given in each
State to the public acts, records, and judicial pro-
ceedings of every other State. And the Congress
may, by general laws, prescribe the manner in which
such acts, records, and proceedings shall be proved,
and the effect thereof.
II. 1. The citizens of each State shall be en-
titled to all privileges and immunities of citizens in
the several States.
2. A person charged in any State with treason,
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 35
felony, or other crime, who shall flee from justice,
and be found in another State, shall, on demand of
the executive authority of the State from which he
fled, be delivered up to be removed to the State
having jurisdiction of the crime.
3. E~o person held to service or labor in one
State, under the laws thereof, escaping into another,
shall, in consequence of any law or regulation
therein, be discharged from such service or labor, but
shall be delivered up on claim of the party to whom
such service or labor may be due.
III. 1. JSTew States may be admitted by the
Congress into this Union ; but no new State shall
shall be formed or erected within the jurisdiction of
any other State; nor any State be formed by the
junction of two or more States, or parts of States,
without the consent of the legislature of the States
concerned, as well as of the Congress.
2. The Congress shall have power to dispose of
and make all needful rules and regulations respecting
the territory or other property belonging to the
United States; and nothing in this Constitution
shall be so construed as to prejudice any claims of
the United States, or of any particular State.
IV. The United States shall guaranty to every
State of this Union a republican form of government,
and shall protect each of them against invasion, and,
36 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
on application of the legislature, or of the executive,
(when the legislature cannot be convened,) against
domestic violence.
ABTIOLE V.
The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both
houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend-
ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of
the legislatures of two-thirds of the several States,
shall call a convention for proposing amendments,
which, in either case, shall be valid to all intents and
purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified
by the legislatures of three-fourths, of the several
States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as
the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro-
posed by the Congress ; provided that no amend-
ment which may be made prior to the year one
thousand eight hundred and eight shall in any
manner affect the first and fourth clauses in the ninth
section of the first article ; and that no State, with-
out its consent, shall He deprived of its equal
suffrage in the Senate.
ARTICLE VI.
1. All debts contracted, and engagements entered
into, before the adoption of this Constitution, shall
be as valid against 'the United States under this
Constitution as under the confederation.
CONSTITUTION OF THE UNITED STATES. 37
2. This Constitution, and the laws of the United
States which shall be made in pursuance thereof, and
all treaties made, or which shall be made, under the
authority of the United States, shall be the supreme
law of the land ; and the judges in every State shall
be bound thereby ; any thing in the Constitution or
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding.
3. The senators and representatives before men-
tioned, and the members of the several State legisla-
tures, and all executive and all judicial officers, both
of the United States and of the several States, shall
be bound by oath or affirmation to support this
Constitution ; but no religious test shall ever be
required as a qualification to any office or public
trust under the United States.
ARTICLE Yn.
The ratification of the conventions of nine States
shall be sufficient for the establishment of this Con-
stitution between the States so ratifying the same.
Done in Convention, by the unanimous consent of the States
present, the seventeenth day of September, in the year of
our Lord one thousand seven hundred and eighty-seven, and
of the Independence of the United States of America the
twelfth. In witness whereof, we have hereunto subscribed
our names.
GEORGE WASHINGTON,
President, and Deputy from Virginia.
38
NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
John Langdon,
Nicholas Giiman.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Nathaniel Gorham,
Rufus King.
CONNECTICUT.
Wm. Samuel Johnson,
Roger Sherman.
NEW YORK.
Alexander Hamilton.
NEW JEKSEY.
William Livingston,
David Brearley,
William Patterson,
Jonathan Dayton.
PENNSYLVANIA.
Benjamin Franklin,
Thomas Mifflin,
Robert Morris,
George Clymer,
Thomas Fitzsimons,
Jared Ingersoll,
James Wilson,
Gouverneur Morris.
DELAWABE.
George Read,
Gunning Bedford, jr.,
John Dickinson,
Richard Bassett,
Jacob Broom.
MARYLAND.
James McHenry,
Daniel of St. Tho. Jenifer,
Daniel Carroll.
VIBGINIA.
John Blair,
James Madison, jr.
NOBTH OAEOLINA.
William Blount,
Rich. Dobbs Spaight,
Hugh Williamson.
SOUTH OAEOLINA.
John Rutledge,
Charles C. Pinckney,
Charles Pinckney,
Pierce Butler.
GEORGIA.
William Few,
Abraham Baldwin.
Attest, WILLIAM JACKSON, Secretary.
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION 39
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION.
ART. I. Congress shall make no law respecting
an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free
exercise thereof ; or abridging the freedom of speech,
or of the press ; or the right of the people peaceably
to assemble and to petition the government for a
redress of grievances.
AKT. II. A well-regulated militia being neces-
sary to the security of a free State, the right of the
people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.
AJBT. III. No soldier shall, in time of peace, be
quartered in any house without the consent of the
owner, nor in time of war but in a manner to be
prescribed by law.
ART. IY. The right of the people to be secure
in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against
unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be
violated ; and no warrants shall issue but upon
40 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation,
and particularly describing the place to be searched,
and the persons or things to be seized.
ART. Y. No person shall be held to answer for
a capital or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a
presentment or indictment of a grand jury, except in
cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the
militia when in actual service, in time of war or
public danger ; nor shall any person be subject for
the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life
or limb; nor shall be compelled, in any criminal
case, to be witness against himself, nor be deprived
of life, liberty, or property, without due process of
law ; nor shall private property be taken for public
use without just compensation.
ART. YI. In all criminal prosecutions, the ac-
cused shall enjoy the right to a speedy and public
trial by an impartial jury of the State and district
wherein the crime shall have been committed, which
district shall have been previously ascertained by
law, and to be informed of the nature and cause of
the accusation ; to be confronted with the witnesses
against him ; to have compulsory process for obtain-
ing witnesses in his favor ; and to have the assistance
of counsel for his defence.
ART. VII. In suits of common law, where the
value in controversy shall exceed twenty dollars, the
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 41
right of trial by jury shall be preserved ; and no fact,
tried by a jury, shall be otherwise reexamined in
any court of the United States than according to the
rules of the common law.
ART. YIII. Excessive bail shall not be required,
nor excessive fines imposed, nor cruel and unusual
punishments inflicted.
ART. IX. The enumeration in the Constitution
of certain rights shall not be construed to deny or
disparage others retained by the people.
ART. X. The powers not delegated to the United
States by the Constitution, nor prohibited by it to
the States, are reserved to the States respectively, or
to the people.
ART. XI. The judicial power of the United
States shall not be construed to extend to any suit in
law or equity commenced or prosecuted against one
of the United States by citizens of another State, or
by citizens or subjects of any foreign State.
ART. XII. The electors shall meet in their
respective States, and vote by ballot for President
and Yice-President, one of whom, at least, shall not
be an inhabitant of the same State with themselves ;
they shall name in their ballots the person voted for
as President, and in distinct ballots the person voted
for as Yice-President ; and they shall make distinct
lists of all persons voted for as President, and of all
2 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
persons voted for as Yice-President, and of the
number of votes for each ; which lists they shall sign
and certify, and transmit, sealed, to the seat of gov-
ernment of the United States, directed to the presi-
dent of the Senate. The president of the Senate
shall, in the presence of the Senate and House of
Representatives, open all the certificates, and the
votes shall then be counted ; the person having the
greatest number of votes for President shall be
President, if such number be a majority of the whole
number of electors appointed ; and if no person have
such a majority, then from the persons having the
highest number, not exceeding three, on the list of
those voted for as President, the House of Represen
tatives shall choose immediately, by ballot, the
President. But, in choosing the President, the votes
shall be taken by States, the representation from
each State having one vote ; a quorum for this pur-
pose shall consist of a member or members from two
thirds of the States, and a majority of all the States
shall be necessary to a choice. And if the House of
Representatives shall not choose a President, when-
ever the right of choice shall devolve upon them,
before the fourth day of March next following, then
the Yice-President shall act as President, as in the
case of the death or other constitutional disability of
the President.
AMENDMENTS TO THE CONSTITUTION. 43
2. The person having the greatest number ot
votes as Yice-President shall be the Yice-President,
if such number be a majority of the whole number
of electors appointed ; and if no person have a ma-
jority, then from the two highest numbers on the
list the Senate shall choose the Yice-President; a
quorum for the purpose shall consist of two-thirds of
the whole number of senators, and a majority of the
whole number shall be necessary to a choice.
3. But no person constitutionally ineligible to
the office of President shall be eligible to that of
Yice-President of the United States.
44 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT,
AETICLE Y. of the Constitution of the United
States clearly and distinctly sets forth the mode and
manner in which that instrument may be amended,
as follows :
" The Congress, whenever two-thirds of both
Houses shall deem it necessary, shall propose amend-
ments to this Constitution, or, on the application of
the Legislatures of two-thirds of the several States,
shall call a convention for proposing amendments,
which in either case shall be valid to all intents and
purposes, as part of this Constitution, when ratified
by the Legislatures of three-fourths of the several
States, or by conventions in three-fourths thereof, as
the one or the other mode of ratification may be pro-
posed by the Congress."
In accordance with this article of the Constitu-
tion, the following resolution was proposed in the
Senate, on February 1, 1864, adopted April 8, 1864, by
THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. 45
a vote of 38 to 6, and was proposed in the House Juno
15, 1864, adopted Jan. 31, 1865, by a vote of 119 to 56 :
JZesolved, By the Senate and House of Represen-
tatives of the United States of America, in Congress
assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, thai
the following article be proposed to the Legislatures,
of the several States, as an amendment to the consti-
tution of the United States, which, when ratified by
three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be valid to all
intents and purposes, as apart of the said Constitution,
namely :
Art. XIII. 1st. Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist
within the United States, or any place subject to
their jurisdiction.
The amendment was now sent by the Secretary of
State to the Governors of the several States for rati-
fication by the Legislatures ; a majority vote in three-
fourths being required to make it a law of the land.
On Dec. 18, 1865, Secretary Seward officially
announced to the country the ratification of the
Amendment as follows :
To all to wJwm these presents may come, Greeting :
Know ye, That, whereas the Congress of the
United States, on the 1st of February last, passed a
resolution, which is in the words following, namely :
4:6 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
"A resolution submitting to the Legislatures of
the several States a proposition to amend the Con
stitution of the United States."
" Resolved, By the Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses
concurring, that the following article be proposed to
the Legislatures of the several States as an Amend-
ment to the Constitution of the United States,
which, when ratified by three-fourths of said Legisla-
tures, shall be valid to all intents and purposes as a
part of said Constitution, namely :
"' ARTICLE XIII.
" c SECTION 1. Neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude, except as a punishment for crime, whereof
the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist
within the United States, or any place subject
to their jurisdiction.
" * SECTION 2. Congress shall have power to
enforce this article by appropriate legislation.' "
And whereas. It appears from official documents
on file in this Department, that the Amendment to
the Constitution of the United States proposed as
aforesaid, has been ratified by the Legislatures of the
States of Illinois, Rhode Island, Michigan, Mary-
land, New York, "West Virginia, Maine, Kansas,
Massachusetts, Pennsylvania, Virginia, Ohio, Mis
THE CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENT. 47
souri, Nevada, Indiana, Louisiana, Minnesota*
"Wisconsin, Yermont, Tennessee, Arkansas, Connecti-
cut, New Hampshire, South Carolina, Alabama,
North Carolina, and Georgia, in all 27 States.
And whereas. The whole number of States in the
United States is 36.
And whereas. The before specially named States,
whose Legislatures have ratified the said proposed
Amendment, constitute three-fourths of the whole
number of States in the United States :
Now, therefore, be it known that I, William H.
Seward, Secretary of State of the IJnited States, by
virtue and in pursuance of the second section of the
act of Congress, approved the 20th of April, 1818,
entitled " An act to provide for the publication of
the laws of the United States, and for other pur-
poses," do hereby certify that the Amendment afore-
said has become valid to all intents and purposes as
a part of the Constitution of the United States.
In testimony whereof, I have hereunto set my
hand and caused the seal of the Department of State
to be affixed.
Done at the City of Washington, this 18th day
of December, in the year of our Lord 186^, and of
the Independence of the United States of America
the 90th.
WM. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
4:8 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
PEOPOSED AMENDMENTS.
ADOPTED BY CONGRESS JUNE 13TH, 1866, AND WHEN EATIFIED
BY TWO-THIRDS OF THE LEGISLATURES BECOMES A PAET OF
THE CONSTITUTION.
THE joint resolution as passed is as follows :
Resolved, By the Senate and House of Represen-
tatives of the United States of America, in Congress
assembled, (two-thirds of both Houses concurring),
That the following article be proposed to the Legis-
latures of the several States, as an amendment to the
Constitution of the United States, which, when rati-
fied by three-fourths of said Legislatures, shall be
valid as part of the Constitution, namely :
ARTICLE .
1. All persons born or naturalized in the
United States, and subject to the jurisdiction thereof,
are citizens of the United States and the States
wherein they reside. No State shall make or
PROPOSED AMENDMENTS. l) t 49
enforce any law which shall abridge th\^vrivifeges or
immunities of citizens of the United Nsft^tgs*; nor,
shall any State deprive any person of life, m>erty"or
happiness, without due process of law, nor deny to
any person within its jurisdiction the equal protec-
tion of the laws.
2. Representatives shall be apportioned among
the several States according to their respective num-
bers, counting the whole number of persons, exclud-
ing Indians not taxed. But whenever the right to
vote at any election for the choice of electors for
President and Yice-President, representatives in
Congress, executive and judicial officers, or members
of the Legislature thereof, is denied to any of the
male inhabitants of such State, being 21 years of
age, and citizens of the United States, or in any way
abridged, except for participation in rebellion or
other crime, the basis of representation therein shall
be reduced in the proportion which the number of
such male citizens shall bear to the whole number of
male citizens 21 years of age in such State.
3. That no person shall be a Senator or Repre-
sentative in Congress, or elector of President and
Vice President, or hold any office, civil or military,
under the United States, or under any State, who,
having previously taken an oath as a member of
Congress, or as an officer of the United States, or as
3
50 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
a member of any State Legislature ? or as an execu-
tive or judicial officer of any State, to support the
Constitution of the United States, shall have
engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the
same, or given aid and comfort to the enemies there-
of. But Congress may, by a vote of two-thirds of
each House, remove such disabilities.
4. The validity of the public debt of the
United States authorized by law, including debts
incurred for payment of pensions and bounties for
services in suppressing insurrection or rebellion,
shall not be questioned. But neither the United
States or any State shall assume or pay any debt or
obligation incurred in aid of insurrection or rebellion
against the United States, or any claim for the loss
or emancipation of any slave ; but all such debts,
obligations, and claims shall be held illegal and
void.
5. The Congress shall have power to enforce,
by appropriate legislation, the provisions of this
article.
THE ORDINANCE OF 1787. 51
THE OEDINANCE OF 1787,
Passed by Congress previous to the Adoption of the New Consti-
tution, and subsequently adopted by Congress, Aug. 7, 1789,
entitled, "An Ordinance for the Government of the Terri-
tory of the United States north-west of the River Ohio"
(All the Articles of this ordinance, previous to Article VI. ,
relate to the organization and powers of the government of the
territory, the following section being all that relates to slavery.)
ARTICLE VI.
There shall be neither slavery nor involuntary
servitude in the said territory, otherwise than in
punishment of crimes, whereof the party shall have
been duly convicted : Provided always, that any
person escaping into the same, from whom labor or
service is lawfully claimed in any one of the original
States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and
conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or
service, as aforesaid.
Done by the United States in Congress assembled
the thirteenth day of July, in the year of our Lord
1787, and of the sovereignty and Independence
the twelfth.
WILLIAM GBAYSON, Chairman.
CHABLES THOMPSON, Secretary.
52 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1793.
ADOPTED FEBEFAEY 12, 1V93.
An Act respecting Fugitives from Justice, and
Persons escaping from the Service of their
Masters.
Be it enacted ~by the Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives of the United States of America in Con-
gress assembled, That whenever the executive
authority of any State in the Union, or of either of
the territories north-west or south of the River Ohio,
shall demand any person, as a fugitive from justice,
of the executive authority of any such State or Terri-
tory to which such person shall have fled, and shall,
moreover, produce the copy of an indictment found,
or an affidavit made before a magistrate of any State
or Territory as aforesaid, charging the person so
demanded with having committed treason, felony, or
other crime, certified as authentic by the governor or
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1793. 53
chief magistrate of the State or Territory from
-whence the person so charged fled, it shall be the
duty of the executive authority of the State or Terri-
tory to which such person shall have fled, to cause
him or her -to be arrested and secured, and notice of
the arrest to be given to the executive authority
making such demand, or to the agent of such
authority appointed to receive the fugitive, and to
cause the fugitive to be delivered to such agent
when he shall appear. But if no such agent shall
appear within six months from the time of the arrest,
the prisoner may be discharged. And all costs or
expenses incurred in the apprehending, securing, and
transmitting such fugitive to the State or Territory
making such demand, shall be paid by such State or
Territory.
And ~be it further enacted, That any agent
appointed as aforesaid, who shall receive the fugitive
into his custody, shall be empowered to transport
him or her to the State or Territory from which he
or she shall have fled. And if any person or persons
shall by force set at liberty or rescue the fugitive
from such agent while transporting as aforesaid, the
person or persons so offending shall, on conviction,
be fined not exceeding five hundred dollars, and be
imprisoned not exceeding one year.
And ~be it also enacted. That when a person held
54 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
to labor in any of the United States, or in either of
the Territories on the north-west or south of the
River Ohio, under the laws thereof, shall escape into
any other of the said States or Territory, the person
to whom such labor or service may be due, his agent
or attorney, is hereby empowered to seize or arrest
such fugitive from labor, and to take him or her
before any judge of the Circuit or District Courts of
the United States, residing or being within the
State, or before any magistrate of a county, city, or
town corporate, wherein such seizure or arrest shall
be made, and upon proof to the satisfaction of such
judge or magistrate, either by oral testimony or affi-
davit taken before, and certified by, a magistrate of
any such State or Territory, that the person so
seized or arrested doth, under the laws of the State
or Territory from which he or she fled, owe services
or labor to the person claiming him or her, it shall
be the duty of such judge or magistrate to give a
certificate thereof to such claimant, his agent or
attorney, which shall be sufficient warrant for remov-
ing the said fugitive from labor to the State or
Territory from which he or she fled.
And be it further enacted. That any person who
shall knowingly and willingly obstruct or hinder
such claimant, his agent or attorney, in so seizing or
arresting such fugitive from labor, or shall rescue
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 55
such fugitive from such claimant, his agent or attor-
ney, when so arrested pursuant to the authority
herein given or declared, or shall harbor or conceal
such person after notice that he or she was a fugitive
from labor as aforesaid, shall, for either of the said
offences, forfeit and pay the sum of five hundred
dollars. "Which penalty may be recovered by and
for the benefit of such claimant, by action of debt, in
any court proper to try the same ; saving, moreover,
to the person claiming such labor or service, his
right of action for or on account of the said injuries,
or either of them.
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850,
SIGNED SEPTEMBEE 18, 1850.
An Act to amend, and supplementary to the Act
entitled "An Act respecting Fugitives from
Justice, and Persons escaping from the Service of
their Masters" approved February twelfth, one
thousand seven hundred and ninety-three.
Be it enacted ~by the Senate and House of Repre-
sentatives of the United States of America in
Congress assembled. That the persons who have been,
or may hereafter be, appointed commissioners, in
56 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
virtue of any act of Congress, by the Circuit Courts
.of the United States, and who, in consequence of such
appointment, are authorized to exercise the powers
that any justice of the peace, or other magistrate of
any of the United States, may exercise in respect to
offenders for any crime or offence against the United
States, by arresting, imprisoning, or bailing the
same under and by virtue of the thirty-third section
of the act of the twenty-fourth of September, seven-
teen hundred and eighty-nine, entitled " An Act to
establish the judicial courts of the United States,"
shall be, and are hereby, authorized and required to
exercise and discharge all the powers and duties
conferred by this act.
And be it further enacted. That the Superior
Court of each organized Territory of the United
States shall have the same power to appoint commis-
sioners to take acknowledgments of bail and affi-
davits, and to take depositions of witnesses in civil
causes, which is now possessed by the Circuit Court
of the United States ; and all commissioners who
shall hereafter be appointed for such purposes by the
Supreme Court of any organized Territory of the
United States, shall possess all the powers, and exer-
cise all the duties, conferred by law upon the
commissioners appointed by the Circuit Courts of
the United States for similar purposes, and shall
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 57
moreover exercise and discharge all the powers and
duties conferred by this act.
And ~be it further enacted, That the Circuit
Courts of the United States, and the Superior Courts
of each organized Territory of the United States,
shall from time to time enlarge the number of com-
missioners, with a view to afford reasonable facilities
to reclaim fugitives from labor, and to the prompt
discharge of the duties imposed by this act.
And ~be it further enacted, That the commis-
sioners above named shall have concurrent jurisdic-
tion with the judges of the Circuit and District
Courts of the United States, in their respective
circuits and districts within the several States, and
the judges of the Superior Courts of the Territories
severally and collectively, in term time and vaca-
tion ; and shall grant certificates to such claimants
upon satisfactory proof being made, with authority
to take and remove such fugitives from service or
labor, under the restrictions herein contained, to the
State or Territory from which such persons may
have escaped or fled.
And ~be It further enacted, That it shall be the
duty of all marshals and deputy marshals to obey
and execute all warrants and precepts issued under
the provisions of this act, when to them directed ;
and should any marshal or deputy marshal refuse to
3*
58 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
receive such warrant, or other process, when tend-
ered, or to use all proper means diligently to
execute the same, he shall, on conviction thereof,
be fined in the sum of one thousand dollars, to the
use of such claimant, on the motion of such claimant,
by the Circuit or District Court for the district of
such marshal ; and after arrest of such fugitive, by
such marshal or his deputy, or whilst at any time in
his custody, under the provisions of this act, should
such fugitive escape, whether with or without the as-
sent of such marshal or his deputy, such marshal shall
be liable, on his official bond, to be prosecuted for
the benefit of such claimant, for the full value of the
service or labor of said fugitive in the State, Terri-
tory, or district whence he escaped ; and the better
to enable said commissioners, when thus appointed,
to execute their duties faithfully and efficiently, in
conformity with the requirements of the constitution
of the United States, and of this act, they are hereby
authorized and empowered, within their counties
respectively, to appoint, in writing under their
hands, any one or more suitable persons, from time
to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro
cess as may be issued by them in the lawful
performance of their respective duties ; with
authority to such commissioners, or the persons to be
appointed by them, to execute process as aforesaid,
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 59
to summon and call to their aid the bystanders, or
posse comitatus of the proper county, when necessary
to insure a faithful observance of the clause of the
constitution referred to, in conformity with the pro
visions of this act ; and all good citizens are hereby
commanded to aid and assist in the prompt and effi-
cient execution of this law, whenever their services
may be required, as aforesaid, for that purpose ; and
said warrants shall run, and be executed by said
officers, any where in the State within which they
are issued.
And l)e it further enacted, That when a person
held to service or labor in any State or Territory of
the United States has heretofore or shall hereafter
escape into another State or Territory of the United
States, the person or persons to whom such service
or labor may be due, or his, her, or their agent or
attorney, duly authorized by power of attorney, in
writing acknowledged and certified under the seal of
some legal officer or court of the State or Territory
in which the same may be executed, may pursue and
reclaim such fugitive person, either by procuring a
warrant from some one of the courts, judges, or com-
missioners aforesaid, of the proper circuit, district, or
county, for the apprehension of such fugitive from
service or labor, or by seizing and arresting such
fugitive where the same can be done without pro-
60 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
cess, and by taking, or causing such, person to be
taken forthwith before such court, judge, or commis-
sioner, whose duty it shall be to hear and determine
the case of such claimant in a summary manner ;
and upon satisfactory proof being made, by deposi-
tion or affidavit, in writing, to be taken and certified
by such court, judge, or commissioner, or by other
satisfactory testimony, duly taken and certified by
some court, magistrate, justice of the peace, or other
legal officer authorized to administer an oath and
take depositions under the laws of the State or Terri-
tory from which such person owing service or labor
may have escaped, with a certificate of such magis-
tracy, or other authority as aforesaid, with the seal
of the proper court or officer thereto attached, which
seal shall be sufficient to establish the competency of
the proof, also by affidavit, of the identity of the per-
son whose service or labor is claimed to be due as
aforesaid, that the person so arrested does in fact
owe service or labor to the person or persons claim-
ing him or her, in the State or Territory from which
such fugitive may have escaped as aforesaid, and
that said person escaped, to make out and deliver to
such claimant, his or her agent or attorney, a certifi-
cate setting forth the substantial facts as to the
service or labor due from such fugitive to the claim-
ant, and of his or her escape from the State or
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 61
Territory in which such service or labor was due to
the State or Territory in which he or she was
arrested, with authority to such claimant, or his or
her agent or attorney, to use such reasonable force
and restraint as may be necessary, under the circum-
stances of the case, to take and remove such fugitive
person back to the State or Territory whence he or
she may have escaped as aforesaid. In no trial or
hearing under this act shall the testimony of such
alleged fugitive be admitted in evidence ; and the
certificates in this and the first (fourth) section men-
tioned, shall be conclusive of the right of the person
or persons in whose favor granted, to remove such
fugitive to the State or Territory from which he
escaped, and shall prevent all molestation of such
person or persons by any process issued by any court,
judge, magistrate, or other person whomsoever.
And le it further enacted, That any person who
shall knowingly and willingly obstruct, hinder, or
prevent such claimant, his agent or attorney, or any
person or persons lawfully assisting him, her, or
them, from arresting such a fugitive from service or
labor, either with or without process as aforesaid, or
shall rescue or attempt to rescue such fugitive from
service or labor from the custody of such claimant,
his or her agent or attorney, or other person or
persons lawfully assisting as aforesaid, when
62 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
so arrested pursuant to the authority hereiii given
and declared, or shall aid, abet, or assist such person
so owing service or labor as aforesaid, directly or
indirectly, to escape from such claimant, his agent or
attorney, or other person or persons legally author-
ized as aforesaid, or shall harbor or conceal such
fugitive, so as to prevent the discovery and arrest of
such person, after notice or knowledge of the fact
that such person was a fugitive from service or labor
as aforesaid, shall, for either of said offences, be
subject to a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars,
and imprisonment not exceeding six months, by
indictment and conviction before the District Court
of the United States for the district in which such
offence may have been committed, or before the
proper court of criminal jurisdiction, if committed
within any one of the organized Territories of the
United States, and shall moreover forfeit and pay,
byway of civil damages to the party injured by such
illegal conduct, the sum of one thousand dollars for
each fugitive so lost as aforesaid, to be recovered by
action of debt in a*iy of the district or territorial
courts aforesaid, within whose jurisdiction the said
offence may have been committed.
And ~be it further enacted, That the marshals,
their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and
territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 63
like fees as may be allowed to them for similar
services in other cases ; and where such services are
rendered exclusively in the arrest, custody, and
delivery of the fugitive to the claimant, his or her
agent or attorney, or where such supposed fugitive
may be discharged out of custody for the want of
sufficient proof as aforesaid, then such fees are to be
paid in the whole by such claimant, his agent or
attorney ; and in all cases where the proceedings are
before a commissioner, he shall be entitled to a fee
of ten dollars in full for his services in each case,
upon the delivery of the said certificate to the claim-
ant, his or her agent or attorney ; or a fee of five
dollars in cases where the proof shall not, in the
opinion of such commissioner, warrant such certifi-
cate and delivery, inclusive of all services incident to
such arrest or examination, to be paid in either case
by the claimant, his or her agent or attorney. The
person or persons authorized to execute the process
to be issued by such commissioner for the arrest and
detention of fugitives from service or labor as afore-
said, shall also be entitled to a fee of five dollars
ea.ch, for each person he or they may arrest and take
"before any such commissioner, as aforesaid, at the
instance and request of such claimant, with such
other fees as may be deemed reasonable by such
commissioners for such other additional services as
64 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
may be necessarily performed by him or them ; such
as attending at the examination, keeping the fugi-
tive in custody, and providing him with food and
lodging during his detention and until the final
determination of such commissioner; and, in general,
for performing such other duties as may be required
by such claimant, his or her attorney or agent, or
commissioner in the premises. Such fees to be
made up in conformity with the fees usually charged
by the officers of the courts of juctice within the
proper district or county, as near as may be practica-
ble, and paid by such claimants, their agents or
attorneys, whether such supposed fugitives from
service or labor be ordered to be delivered to such
claimants by the final determination of such commis
sioner or not.
And ~be it further enacted, That, upon affidavit
made by the claimant of such fugitive, his agent 01
attorney, after such certificate has been issued that
he has reason to apprehend that such fugitive will be
rescued by force from his or her possession before he
can be taken beyond the limits of the State in which
the arrest is made, it shall be the duty of the officer
making the arrest to retain such fugitive in his cus-
tody, and to remove him to the State whence he
fled, and there deliver him to said claimant, his
agent or attorney. And to this end, the officer
THE FUGITIVE SLAVE BILL OF 1850. 65
aforesaid is hereby authorized and required to employ
so many persons as he may deem necessary to overcome
such force, and to retain them in his service so long
as circumstances may require. The said officer and
his assistants while so employed to receive the com-
pensation, and to be allowed the same expenses, as
are now allowed by law for transportation of crimi-
nals, to be certified by the judge of the district
within which the arrest is made, and paid out of the
Treasury of the United States.
And l)e it further enacted^ That when any per-
son held to service or labor in any State or Terri-
tory, or in the District of Columbia, shall escape
therefrom, the party to whom such service or labor
may be due, his, her, or their agent or attorney, may
apply to any court of record therein, or judge
thereof in vacation, and make satisfactory proof to
such court, or judge in vacation, of the escape afore-
said, and that the person- escaping owed service or
labor to such party. "Whereupon the court shall
cause a record to be made of the matters so proved,
and also a general description of the person so escap-
ing with .such convenient certainty as may be ; and
a transcript of such record, authenticated by the
attestation of the clerk and of the seal of the said
court, being produced in any other State, Territory,
or district in which the person so escaping may be
66 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
found, and being exhibited to any judge, commis-
sioner, or other officer authorized by the law of the
United States to cause persons escaping from service
or labor to be delivered up, shall be held and taken
to be full and conclusive evidence of the fact of the
escape, and that the service or labor of the person
escaping is due to the party in such record men-
tioned. And upon the production by the said party
of other and further evidence if necessary, either
oral or by affidavit, in addition to what is contained
in the said record of the identity of the person escap-
ing, he or she shall be delivered up to the claimant.
And the said court, commissioner, judge, or other
person authorized by this act to grant certificates to
claimants of fugitives, shall, upon the production of
the record and other evidences aforesaid, grant to
such claimant a certificate of his right to take any
such person identified and proved to be owing
service or labor as aforesaid, which shall authorize
such claimant to seize or arrest and transport such
person to the State or Territory from which he
escaped. Provided, That nothing herein ^contained
shall be construed as requiring the production of a
transcript of such record as evidence as aforesaid.
But in its absence the claim shall be heard and
determined upon other satisfactory proofs, competent
in law.
THE MISSOURI COMPROMISE. 67"
THE MISSOURI COMPEOMISE.
ADOPTED MAEOH 6, 1820.
An Act to authorize the People of the Missouri
Territory to form a Constitution and State Gov-
ernment, and for the Admission of such State into
the Union on an equal Footing with the original
States, and to prohibit Slavery in certain Terri-
tories.
(All the previous sections of this act relate entirely to the
formation of the Missouri Territory in the usual form of territo-
rial bills, the 8th section only relating to the slavery question.)
And "be it further enacted, That in all that
Territory ceded by France to the United States,
under the name of Louisiana, which lies north of
thirty-six degrees and thirty minutes north latitude,
not included within the limits of the State contem-
plated by their act, slavery and involuntary servi-
tude, otherwise than in the punishment of crimes,
whereof the parties shall have been duly convicted,
68 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
shall be, and is hereby, forever prohibited. Pro-
vided always, That any person escaping into the
same, from whom labor or service is lawfully
claimed, in any State or Territory of the United
States, such fugitive may be lawfully reclaimed and
conveyed to the person claiming his or her labor or
service as aforesaid.
BATTLES OF THE REVOLUTION. 09
BATTLES OF THE EEVOLTJTION.
THE following statistics show the losses of life in
the various battles of the American Revolution, also
the dates of the several battles :
British American
Loss. Loss.
Lexington, April 15, 1775 273 84
Bunker Hill, June 17, 1775 1054 456
Flatbush, August 12, 1776 400 200
White Plains, August 26, 1776 400 400
Trenton, December 25, 1776 1000 9
Princeton, January 5, 1777 400 100
Hubbardstown, August 17, 1777 800 800
Bennington, August 16, 1777 800 100
Brandywine, September 11, 1777 500 1100
Stillwater, September 17, 1777 600 350
Germantown, October 5, 1777 600 1250
Saratoga, October 17, 1777* 5752
Red Hook, October 22, 1777 500 32
Monmouth, June 25, 1778 400 130
Rhode Island, August 27, 1778 260 214
Briar Creek, March 30, 1779 13 400
Stony Point, July 15, 1779 600 100
Camden, August 16, 1779 375 610
King's Mountain, October 1, 1780 950 66
Cowpens, January 17, 1781 800 72
Guilford C. H., March 15, 1781 532 400
Hobldrk's Hill, April 25, 1781 400 460
Eutaw Springs, September, 1781 1000 550
Yorktown, October, 1781* 7072
Total 25,481 7913
* Surrendered.
70 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
INAUGUEAL ADDEESS OF GEOEGE
WASHINGTON,
FIEST PBESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES, DELIVEEED APBIL
30, 1789.
FELLOW-CITIZENS OF THE SENATE AND HOUSE OF
REPRESENTATIVES Among the vicissitudes incident
to life, no event could have filled me with greater
anxieties than that of which the notification was
transmitted by your order, and received on the four-
teenth day of the present month. On the one hand
I was summoned by my country, whose voice I can
never hear but with veneration and love, from a
retreat which I had chosen with the fondest predi-
lection, and in my flattering hopes with an immuta-
ble decision as the asylum of my declining years ; a
retreat which was rendered every day more necessary
as well as more dear to me, by the addition of habit
to inclination, and of frequent interruptions in my
health to the gradual waste committed on it by time.
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 71
On the other hand, the magnitude and difficulty of
the trust to which the voice of my country called me
being sufficient to awaken in the wisest and most
experienced of her citizens a distrustful scrutiny into
his qualifications, could not but overwhelm with de-
spondence one who, inheriting inferior endowments
from nature, and unpracticed in the duties of civil
administration, ought to be peculiarly conscious of
his own deficiencies. In this conflict of emotions, all
I dare aver is, that it has been my faithful study to
collect my duty from a just appreciation of every
circumstance by which it might be affected. All I
dare hope is, that if, in executing this task, I have
been too much swayed by a grateful remembrance
of former instances, or by any affectionate sensibility
to this transcendent proof of the confidence of my
fellow-citizens, and have thence too little consulted
my incapacity as well as disinclination, for the
weighty and untried cares before me, my error will
be palliated by the motives which misled me, and its
consequences be judged by my country with some
share of the partiality with which they originated.
Such being the impressions under which I have,
in obedience to the public summons, repaired to the
present station, it would be peculiarly improper to
omit in this first official act, my fervent supplica-
tions to that Almighty Being who rules over the
72 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
universe, who presides in the councils of nations, and
whose providential aids can supply every human
defect that his benediction may consecrate to the
liberties and happiness of the people of the United
States, a government instituted by themselves for
these essential purposes, and may enable every in-
strument employed in its administration to execute
with success the functions allotted to his charge. In
tendering this homage to the great author of every
public and private good, I assure myself that it ex-
presses your sentiments, not less than my own, nor
those of my fellow-citizens at large less than either.
~No people can be bound to acknowledge and adore
the invisible hand which conducts the affairs of men
more than the people of the United States. Every
step by which they have advanced to the character
of an independent nation seems to have been distin-
guished by some token of providential agency, and
in the important revolution just accomplished in the
system of their united government the tranquil de-
liberations and voluntary consent of so many distinct
communities from which the event has resulted can-
not be compared with the means by which most gov-
ernments have been established without some return
of pious gratitude along with a humble anticipation
of the future blessings which the past seem to presage.
These reflections arising out of the present crisis
INAUGUEAL ADDKESS OF GEOKGE WASHINGTON. 73
have forced themselves too strongly on my mind to
be suppressed. You will join with me, I trust, in
thinking that there are none under the influence of
which the proceedings of a new and free government
can more auspiciously commence.
By the article establishing the executive depart-
ment it is made the duty of the President " to re-
commend to your consideration such measures as he
shall judge necessary and expedient." The circum-
stances under which I now meet you will acquit me
from entering into that subject farther than to refer
to the great constitutional charter under which you
are assembled, and which in defining your powers
designates the objects to which your attention is to
be given. It will be more consistent with those cir-
cumstances, and far more congenial with the feelings
which actuate me to substitute in place of a recom-
mendation of particular measures, the tribute that
is due to the talents, the rectitude, and the patriot-
ism which adorn the characters selected to devise
and adopt them. In these honorable qualifications, I
behold the surest pledges that as on one side no local
prejudices or attachments, no separate views, no
party animosities will misdirect the comprehensive
and equal eye which ought to watch over this
great assemblage of communities and interests, so on
another, that the foundations of our national policy
4 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
will be laid in the pure and immutable principles of
private morality, and the pre-eminence of free gov-
ernment be exemplified by all the attributes which
can win the affections of its citizens and command
the respect of the world. I dwell on this prospect
with every satisfaction which an ardent love for my
country can inspire, since there is no truth more thor-
oughly established than that there exists in the econ-
omy and course of nature, an indissoluble union be-
tween virtue and happiness, between duty and
advantage, between the genuine maxims of an honest
and magnanimous policy and the solid rewards of
the public prosperity and felicity. Since we ought
to be no less persuaded that the propitious smiles of
heaven can never be expected on a nation that dis-
regards the eternal rules of order and right which
heaven itself has ordained, and since the preserva-
tion of the sacred fire of Liberty, and the destiny of
the republican model of government are justly con-
sidered as deeply, perhaps as finally staked on the
experiment entrusted to the hands of the American
people. Besides the ordinary objects submitted to
your care, it will remain with your judgment to
decide how far an exercise of the occasional power
delegated by the fifth article of the Constitution is ren-
dered expedient at the present juncture by the nature
of the objections which have been urged against
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF GEORGE WASHINGTON. 75
the system, or by the degree of inquietude which has
given birth to them. Instead of undertaking partic-
ular recommendations on this subject in which 1
could be guided by no lights derived from official
opportunities, I shall again give way to my entire
confidence in your discernment aud pursuit of the
public good, for I assure myself that while you care-
fully avoid every alteration which might endanger
the benefits of an united and effective government,
or which ought to await the future lessons of experi-
ence, a reverence for the characteristic rights of
freemen, and a regard for the public harmony will
sufficiently influence your deliberations on the ques-
tion, how far the former can be more impregnably
fortified, or the latter be safely and advantageously
promoted.
To the preceding observations I have one to add,
which will be most properly addressed to the House
of Representatives. It concerns myself, and will,
therefore, be as brief as possible. When I was first
honored with a call into the service of my country,
then on the eve of an arduous struggle for its liber-
ties, the light in which I comtemplated my duty
required that I should renounce every pecuniary
compensation. From this resolution I have in no
instance departed, and being still under the impres-
sions which produced it, I must decline as inapplica-
76 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
ble to myself any share in the personal emoluments
which may be indispensably included in a perma-
nent provision for the executive department, and
must accordingly pray that the pecuniary estimates
for the station in which I am placed, may, during
my continuance in it, be limited to such actual ex-
penditures as the public good may be thought to
require.
Having thus imparted to you my sentiments, as
as they have been awakened by the occasion which
brings us together, I shall take my present leave,
but not without resorting once more to the benign
parent of the human race in humble supplication,
that since he has been pleased to favor the American
people with opportunities for deliberating in perfect
tranquillity, and dispositions for deciding with un-
paralleled unanimity on a form of government for
the security of their union and the advancement of
their happiness, so His divine blessing may be
equally conspicuous in the enlarged views, the tem-
perate consultations, and the wise measures on which
the success of this government must depend.
WASHINGTON^ FAREWELL ADDRESS. 77
WASHINGTON'S FAEEWELL ADDBESS.
FRIENDS AND FELLOW-CITIZENS The period for a
new election of a citizen to administer the executive
government of the United States not being far dis-
tant, and the time actually arrived when your
thoughts must be employed in designating the person
who is to be clothed with that important trust, it
appears to me proper, especially as it may conduce
to a more distinct expression of the public voice, that
I should now apprise you of the resolution I have
formed, to decline being considered among the num-
ber of those out of whom a choice is to be made.
I beg you, at the same time, to do me the justice
to be assured that this resolution has not been taken
without a strict regard to all the considerations ap-
pertaining to the relation which binds a dutiful citi-
zen to his country; and that, in withdrawing the
tender of service which silence, in my situation,
78 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
might imply, I am influenced by no diminution of
zeal for your future interest, no deficiency of grateful
respect for your past kindness, but am supported by
a full conviction that the step is compatible with
both.
The acceptance of, and continuance hitherto in,
the office to which your suffrages have twice called
me, have been a uniform sacrifice of inclination to the
opinion of duty, and to a deference for what appeared
to be your desire. I constantly hoped that it would
have been much earlier in my power, consistently
with motives which I was not at liberty to disregard,
to return to that retirement from which I had been
reluctantly drawn. The strength of my inclination
to do this, previous to the last election, had been led
to the preparation of an address to declare it to you ;
but mature reflection on the then perplexed and
critical posture of our affairs with foreign nations,
and the unanimous advice of persons entitled to my
confidence, impelled me to abandon the idea.
I rejoice that the state of your concerns, external
as well as internal, no longer renders the pursuit of
inclination incompatible with the sentiment of duty
or propriety ; and am persuaded, whatever partiality
may be retained for my services, that, in the present
circumstances of our country, you will not disapprove
my determination to retire.
79
The impressions with which I first undertook the
arduous trust were explained on the proper occasion.
In the discharge of this trust, I will only say, that I
have with good intentions contributed toward the
organization and administration of the government
the best exertions of which a very fallible judgment
was capable. Not unconscious in the outset of the
inferiority of my qualifications, experience, in my
own eyes perhaps still more in the eyes of others
has strengthened the motives to diffidence of myself;
and every day the increasing weight of years admon-
ishes me, more and more, that the shade of retire-
ment is as necessary to me as it will be welcome.
Satisfied that, if any circumstances have given pecu-
liar value to my services, they were temporary, I have
the consolation to believe that, while choice and pru-
dence invite me to quit the political scene, patriotism
does not forbid it.
In looking forward to the moment which is in-
tended to terminate the career of my public life, my
feelings do not permit me to suspend the deep ac-
knowledgment of that debt of gratitude which I owe
to my beloved country for the many honors it has
conferred upon me ; still more for the steadfast confi-
dence with which it has supported me, and for the
opportunities I have thence enjoyed of manifesting
my inviolable attachment, by services faithful and
80 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
persevering, though in usefulness unequal to ray zeal.
If benefits have resulted to our country from these
services, let it always be remembered to your praise,
and as an instructive example in our annals, that,
under circumstances in which the passions, agitated in
every direction, were liable to mislead ; amid appear-
ances sometimes dubious, vicissitudes of fortune often
discouraging; in situations in which, not unfre-
quently, want of success has countenanced the spirit
of criticism the constancy of your support was the
essential prop of the efforts, and a guarantee of the
plans by which they were effected. Profoundly pen-
etrated with 1^is idea, I shall carry it with me to my
grave, as a strong incitement to unceasing vows that
Heaven may continue to you the choicest tokens of
its beneficence ; that your union and brotherly affec-
tion may be perpetual; that the free constitution,
which is the work of your hands, may be sacredly
maintained; that its administration, in every depart-
ment, may be stamped with wisdom and virtue;
that, in fine, the happiness of the people of these
States, under the auspices of liberty, may be made
.complete, by so careful a preservation and so prudent
a use of this blessing as will acquire to them the
glor} T of recommending it to the applause, the affec-
tion, and the adoption of every nation which is yet
a stranger to it.
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDBESS. 81
Here, perhaps, I ought to stop ; but a solicitude
for your welfare, which can not end but with my
life, and the apprehension of danger natural to
that solicitude, urge me, on an occasion like the
present to offer to your solemn contemplation, and to
recommend to your frequent review, some sentiments,
which are the result of much reflection, of no incon-
siderable observation, and which appear to me all-
important to the permanency of your felicity as a
people. These will be afforded to you with the
more freedom, as yon can only see them in the disin-
terested warnings of a parting friend, who can possi-
bly have no personal motive to bias his counsel ; nor
can I forget, as an encouragement to it, your indul-
gent reception of my sentiments on a former and not
dissimilar occasion.
Interwoven as is the love of liberty with every
ligament of your hearts, no recommendation of mine
is necessary to fortify or confirm the attachment.
The unity of government, which constitutes you
one people, is also now dear to you. It is justly so ;
for it is a main pillar in the edifice of your real inde-
pendence, the support of your tranquillity at home,
your peace abroad, of your safety, of your prosperity,
of that very liberty which you so highly prize. But
as it is easy to forsce that from different causes and
from different quarters much pains will be taken,
82 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
many artifices employed, to weaken in your in in da
the conviction of this truth as this is the point in
your political fortress against which the batteries of
internal and external enemies will be most constantly
and actively (though often covertly and insidiously)
directed it is of infinite moment that you should
properly estimate the immense value of your national
union to your collective and individual happiness ;
that you should cherish a cordial, habitual, and im-
movable attachment to it, accustoming yourselves to
think and speak of it as of the palladium of your
political safety and prosperity; watching for its
preservation with jealous anxiety ; discountenancing
whatever may suggest even a suspicion that it can,
in any event, be abandoned ; and indignantly frown-
ing upon the first dawning of every attempt to
alienate any portion of our country from the rest, or
to enfeeble the sacred ties which now link together
the various parts.
For this you have every inducement of sympathy
and interest. Citizens, by birth or choice of a com-
mon country, that country has a right to concentrate
your affections. The name of American, which be-
longs to you in your national capacity, must alwnyal
exalt the just pride of patriotism more than any
appellation derived from local discriminations. With
slight shades of difference, you have the same
83
religion, manners, habits, and political principles.
You have, in a common cause, fought and tri-
umphed together ; the independence and liberty
you possess are the work of joint counsels and
joint efforts, of common dangers, sufferings, and
successes.
But these considerations, however powerfully
they address themselves to your sensibility, are
greatly outweighed by those which apply more
immediately to your interest ; here every portion of
our country finds the most commanding motives for
carefully guarding and preserving the union of the
whole.
The North, in an unrestrained intercourse with
the South, protected by the equal laws of a common
government, finds, in the productions of the latter,
great additional resources of maritime and commer-
cial enterprise, and precious materials of manufactur-
ing industry. The South, in the same intercourse,
benefiting by the agency of the North, sees its
agriculture grow and its commerce expand. Turning
partly into its own channels the seamen of the
North, it finds its particular navigation invigorated ;
and while it contributes, in different ways, to nourish
and increase the general mass of the national naviga-
tion, it looks forward to the protection of a maritime
strength to which itself is unequally adapted. The
84 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
East, in like intercourse with the West, already
finds, and, in the progressive improvement of inte-
rior communication, by land and water, will more
and more find, a valuable vent for the commodities
which it brings from abroad or manufactures at
home. The West derives from the East supplies
requisite for its growth and comfort, and, what is
perhaps of still greater consequence, it must, of
necessity, owe the secure enjoyment of indispensable
outlets for its own productions to the weight, influ-
ence, and the future maritime strength of the Atlantic
side of the Union, directed by an indissoluble com-
munity of interest as one nation. Any other tenure
by which the West can hold this - essential advan-
tage, whether derived from its own separate strength
or from an apostate and unnatural connection with
any foreign power, must be intrinsically precarious.
While, then, every part of our country thus feels
an immediate and particular interest in union, all
the parts combined can not fail to find, in the united
mass of means and efforts, greater strength, greater
resource, proportionably greater security from exter-
nal danger, a less frequent interruption of their
peace by foreign nations, and, what is of inestimable
value, they must derive from union an exemption
from those broils and wars between themselves,
which so frequently afflict neighboring countries, not
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDRESS. 85
tied together by the same government, which thoir
own rivalships alone would be sufficient to produce,
but which opposite foreign alliances, attachments,
and intrigues would stimulate and embitter. Hence,
likewise, they will avoid the necessity of those over-
grown military establishments, which, under any
form of government, are inauspicious to liberty, and
which are to be regarded as particularly hostile to
republican liberty ; in this sense it is that your union
ought to be considered as the main prop of your lib-
erty, and that the love of the one ought to endear to
you the preservation of the other.
These considerations speak a persuasive language
to every reflecting and virtuous mind, and exhibit a
continuance of the Union as a primary object of
patriotic desire. Is there a doubt whether a common
government can embrace so large a sphere? Let
experience solve it. To listen to mere speculation,
in such a case, were criminal. We are authorized to
hope that a proper organization of the whole, with
the auxiliary agency of governments for the respec-
tive subdivisions, will afford a happy issue to the
experiment. It is well worth a full and fair experi-
ment. "With such powerful and obvious motives to
union, affecting all parts of our country, while expe-
rience shall not have demonstrated its impractica-
bility, there will always be reason to distrust the
86 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
patriotism of those who, in any quarter, may endeavor
to weaken its bands.
In contemplating the causes which may disturb
our Union, it cccurs, as a matter of serious concern,
that any ground should have been furnished for char-
acterizing parties by geographical discriminations
Northern and Southern, Atlantic and Western
whence designing men may endeavor to excite a
belief that there is real difference of local interests
and views. One of the expedients of party to acquire
influence within particular districts is to misrepresent
the opinions and aims of other districts. You can
not shield yourselves too much against the jealousies
and heart-burnings which spring from these misrep-
resentations ; they tend to render alien to each other
those who ought to be bound together by fraternal
affection. The inhabitants of our Western country
have lately had a useful lesson on this head ; they
have seen in the negotiation by the Executive, and
in the unanimous ratification by the Senate, of the
treaty with Spain, and in the universal satisfaction
at that event throughout the United States, a decisive
proof how unfounded were the suspicions propagated
among them, of a policy in the general government,
and in the Atlantic States, unfriendly to their inter-
ests in regard to the Mississippi ; they have been wit-
nesses to the formation of two treaties that with
87
Great Britain and that with Spain which secure to
them everything they could desire in respect to our
foreign relations, toward confirming their prosperity.
Will it not be their wisdom to rely for the preserva-
tion of these advantages on the Union by which they
were procured ? Will they not henceforth be deaf
to those advisers, if such there are, who would sever
them from their brethren and connect them with
aliens ?
To the efficacy and permanency of your Union, a
government for the whole is indispensable. 'No alli-
ance, however strict, between the parts, can be an
adequate substitute ; they must inevitably experience
the infractions and interruptions which all alliances,
in all time, have experienced. Sensible of this mo-
mentous truth, you have improved upon your first
essay, by the adoption of a constitution of govern-
ment better calculated than your former for an inti-
mate Union, and for the efficacious management of
your common concerns. This government, the off-
spring of your own choice, uninfluenced and unawed,
adopted upon full investigation and mature delibera-
tion, completely free in its principles, in the distribu
tion of its powers, uniting security with energy, and
containing within itself a provision for its own
amendment, has a just claim to your confidence and
your support. Respect for its authority, compliance
88 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
with its laws, acquiescence in its measures, are duties
enjoined by the fundamental maxims of liberty. The
basis of our political systems is the right of the people
to make and to alter their constitutions of govern-
ment ; but the constitution which at any time exists,
till changed by an explicit and and authentic act of
the whole people, is sacredly obligatory upon all.
The very idea of the power and the right of the peo-
ple to establish government presupposes the duty
of every individual to obey the established govern-
ment.
All obstructions to the execution of the laws, all
combinations and associations, under whatever plausi-
ble character, with the real design to direct, control,
counteract, or awe the regular deliberation and action
of the constituted authorities, are destructive to this
fundamental principle, and of fatal tendency. They
serve to organize faction, to give it an artificial and
extraordinary force, to put in the place of the dele-
gated will of the nation the will of a party often a
small but artful and enterprising minority of the
community and, according to the alternate triumphs
of different parties, to make the public administration
the mirror of the ill-concerted and incongruous
projects of faction rather than the organ of consistent
and wholesome plans, digested by common counsels,
and modified by mutual interests.
89
However combinations or associations of the
above description may now and then answer popular
ends, they are likely, in the course of time and
things, to become potent engines, by which cunning,
ambitious, and unprincipled men will be enabled to
subvert the power of the people, and to usurp for
themselves the reins of government; destroying,
afterward, the very engine which had lifted them to
unjust dominion.
Toward the preservation of your government, and
the permanency of your present happy state, it is
requisite, not only that you steadily discountenance
irregular oppositions to its acknowledged authority,
but also that you resist with care the spirit of inno-
vation upon its principles, however specious the pre-
texts. One method of assault may be to effect, in
the forms of the constitution, alterations which will
impair the energy of the system, and thus to under-
mine what cannot be directly overthrown. In all
the changes to which you may be invited, remember
that time and habit are at least as necessary to fix
the true character of governments as of other human
institutions; that experience is the surest standard
by which to test the real tendency of the existing
constitution of a country ; that facility in changes,
upon the credit of mere hypothesis and opinion, ex-
poses to perpetual change, from the endless variety
90 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
of hypothesis and opinion ; and remember, especially,
that for the efficient management of your common
interests, in a country so extensive as ours, a govern-
ment of as much vigor as is consistent with the per-
fect security of liberty is indispensable. Liberty
itself will find in such a government, with powers
properly distributed and adjusted, its surest guardian.
It is, indeed, little else than a name, where the gov-
ernment is too feeble to withstand the enterprises of
faction, to confine each member of the society within
the limits prescribed by the laws, and to maintain all
in the secure and tranquil enjoyment of the rights of
person and property.
I have already intimated to you the danger of
parties in the state, with particular reference to the
founding of them on geographical discriminations.
Let me now take a more comprehensive view, and
warn you, in the most solemn manner, against the
baneful effects of the spirit of party generally.
This spirit, unfortunately, is inseparable from our
nature, having its root in the strongest passions of
the human mind. It exists, under different shapes,
in all governments, more or less stifled, controlled, or
repressed ; but in those ot the popular form it is seen
in its greatest rankness, and is truly their worst enemy.
The alternate domination of one faction over an-
other, sharpened by the spirit of revenge, natural to
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDBESS. 91
party dissension, which, in different ages and coun-
tries, has perpetrated the most horrid enormities, is
itself a frightful despotism. But this leads, at length,
to a more formal and permanent despotism. The
disorders and miseries which result gradually incline
the minds of men to seek security and repose in the
absolute power of an individual ; and, sooner or
later, the chief of some prevailing faction, more able
or more fortunate than his competitors, turns this
disposition to the purposes of his own elevation on
the ruins of public liberty.
Without looking forward to an extremity of this
kind (which, nevertheless, ought not to be entirely
out of sight), the common and continued mischiefs of
the spirit of party are sufficient to make it the inter-
est and duty of a wise people to discourage and
restrain it.
It serves always to distract the public councils
and enfeeble the public administration. It agitates
the community with ill-founded jealousies arid false
alarms ; kindles the animosity of one part against an-
other; foments, occasionally, riot and insurrection.
It opens the door to foreign influence and corruption,
which find a facilitated access to the government
itself through the channels of party passions. Thus
the policy and the will of one country are subjected
to the policy and will of another.
92 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
There is an opinion that parties, in free countries,
are useful checks upon the administration of the gov-
ernment, and serve to keep alive the spirit of liberty.
This, within certain limits, is probably true ; and in
.governments of a monarchial cast, patriotism may
look with indulgence, if not with favor, upon the
spirit of party. But in those of the popular charac-
ter, in governments purely elective, it is a spirit not
to be encouraged. From their natural tendency, it
is certain there will always be enough of that spirit
for every salutatory purpose. And there being con-
stant danger of excess, the effort ought to be by force
of public opinion to mitigate and assuage it. A fire
not to be quenched, it demands a uniform vigilance
to prevent its bursting into a flame, lest, instead of
warming, it should consume.
It is important, likewise, that the habits of think-
ing, in a free country, should inspire caution in those
intrusted with its administration, to confine them-
selves within their respective constitutional spheres,
avoiding, in the exercise of the powers of one depart-
ment, to encroach upon another. The spirit of
encroachment tends to consolidate the powers of all
the departments into one, and thus to create, what-
ever the form of government, a real despotism. A
just estimate of that love of power and proneness to
abuse it which predominate in the human heart is
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDBESS. 93
sufficient to satisfy us of the truth of this position.
The necessity of reciprocal checks in the exercise of
political power, by dividing and distributing it into
different depositories, and constituting each the
guardian of the public weal, against invasion ,by the
others, has been evinced by experiments, ancient
and modern some of them in our own country and
under our own eyes. To preserve them must be as
necessary as to institute them. If, in the opinion of
the people, the distribution or modification of the
constitutional powers be, in any particular, wrong,
let it be corrected by an amendment in the way
which the constitution designates. But let there be
no change by usurpation ; for though this, in one
instance, may be the instrument of good, it is the
customary weapon by which free governments are
destroyed. The precedent must always greatly
overbalance, in permanent evil, any partial or
transient benefit which the use can, at any time,
yield.
Of all the dispositions and habits which lead to
political prosperity, religion and morality are indis-
pensable supports. In vain would that man claim
the tribute of patriotism who should labor to subvert
these great pillars of human happiness, these firmest
props of the duties of men and citizens. The mere
politician, equally with the pious man, ought to
94 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
respect and to cherish them. A volume could not
trace all their connections with private and public
felicity. Let it simply be asked, Where is the
security for property, for reputation, for life, if the
sense of religious obligation desert the oaths which
are the instruments of investigation in courts of
justice ? And let us with caution indulge the sup-
position that morality can be maintained without
religion. Whatever may be conceded to the influ-
ence of refined education on minds of peculiar
structure, reason and experience both forbid us to
expect that national morality can prevail in exclu-
sion of religious principles.
It is substantially true, that virtue or morality is
a necessary spring of popular government. The
rule, indeed, extends with more or less force to every
species of free government. Who that is a sincere
friend to it can look with indifference upon attempts
to shake the foundation of the fabric ?
Promote, then, as an object of primary impor-
tance, institutions for the general diffusion of knowl-
edge. In proportion as a structure of a government
gives force to public opinion, it is essential that
public opinion should be enlightened.
As a very important source of strength and
security, cherish public credit. One method of pre-
serving it is to use it as sparingly as possible;
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDEESS.
95
avoiding occasions of expense by cultivating peace,
but remembering, also, that timely disbursements to
prepare for danger frequently prevent much greater
disbursements to repel it ; avoiding, likewise, the
accumulation of debt, not only by shunning occasions
of expense, but by vigorous exertions in time of
peace to discharge the debts which unavoidable wars
may have occasioned ; not ungenerously throwing
upon posterity the burden which we ourselves ought
to bear. The execution of these maxims belongs to
your representatives, but it is necessary that public
opinion should cooperate. To facilitate to them the
performance of their duty, it is essential that you
should practically bear in mind that toward the pay-
ment of debts there must be revenue ; that to have
revenue there must be taxes ; that no taxes can be
devised which are not more or less inconvenient and
unpleasant ; that the intrinsic embarrassment insepa-
rable from the selection of the proper objects (which
is always a choice of difficulties), ought to be a deci-
sive motive for a candid construction of the conduct
of the government in making it, and for a spirit of
acquiescence in the measures for obtaining revenue
which the public exigencies may at any time dictate.
Observe good faith and justice toward all nations ;
cultivate peace and harmony with all ; religion and
morality enjoin this conduct, and can it be that
96
NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
good policy does not really enjoin it ? It will be
worthy of a free, enlightened, and, at no distant
period, a 'great nation, to give to mankind the mag-
nanimous and too novel example of a people always
guided by an exalted justice and benevolence.
"Who can doubt that, in the course of time and
things, the fruits of such a plan would richly repay
any temporary advantages which might be lost by a
steady adherence to it ? Can it be that Providence
has not connected the permanent felicity of a nation
with its virtue ? The experiment, at least, is recom-
mended by every sentiment which ennobles human
nature. Alas ! it is rendered impossible by its
vices ?
In the execution of such a plan, nothing is more
essential than that permanent inveterate antipathies
against particular nations, and passionate attach-
ments for others, should be excluded, and that, in
place of them, just and amicable feelings toward all
should be cultivated. The nation which indulges
toward another an habitual hatred, or an habitual
fondness, is, in some degree, a slave. It is a slave to
its animosity or its affection, either of which is suffi
cient to lead it astray from its duty and its interest.
Antipathy in one nation against another disposes
each more readily to offer insult and injury, to lay
hold of slight causes of umbrage, and to be haughty
97
and intractable when accidental or trifling occasions
of dispute occur. Hence, frequent collisions, obsti-
nate, envenomed, and bloody contests. The nation,
prompted by ill-will and resentment, sometimes
impels to war the government, contrary to the best
calculations of policy. The government sometimes
participates in the national propensity, and adopts,
through passion, what reason would reject ; at other
times it makes the animosity of the nation subservi-
ent to projects of hostility, instigated by pride,
ambition, and other sinister and pernicious motives.
The peace often, sometimes perhaps the liberty of
nations, has been the victim.
So, likewise, a passionate attachment of one
nation to another produces a variety of evils. Sym-
pathy for the favorite nation, facilitating the illusion
of an imaginary common interest, in cases where no
real common interest exists, and infusing into one
the enmities of the other, betrays the former into a
participation into the quarrels and wars of the latter,
without adequate inducement or justification. It
leads also to concessions to the favorite nation of
privileges denied to others, which is apt doubly to
injure the nation making the concessions, by unnec-
essarily parting with what ought to have been
retained, and by exciting jealousy, ill-will, and a
disposition to retaliate, in the parties from whom
OS NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
equal privileges are withheld ; and it gives to ainbi-
q
tious, corrupted, or deluded citizens (who devote
themselves to the favorite nation), facility to betray
or sacrifice the interest of their own country, with-
out odium, sometimes even with popularity ; gilding
with the appearance of a virtuous sense of obligation,
a commendable deference for public opinion, or a
laudable zeal for public good, the base or foolish
compliances of ambition, corruption, or infatuation.
As avenues to foreign influence in innumerable
ways, such attachments are particularly alarming to
the truly enlightened and independent patriot.
How many opportunities do they afford to tamper
with domestic factions, to practice the art of seduc-
tion, to mislead public opinion, to influence or awe
the public councils ! Such an attachment of a small
or weak toward a great and powerful nation dooms
the former to be the satellite of the latter.
Against the insidious wiles of foreign influence (I
conjure you to believe me, fellow-citizens) the jeal-
ousy of a free people ought to be constantly awake,
since history and experience prove that foreign
influence is one of the most baneful foes of repub-
lican government. But that jealousy, to be useful,
must be impartial, else it becomes the instrument of
the very influence to be avoided, instead of a defense
against it. Excessive partiality for one foreign
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDKESS.
nation, and excessive dislike for another, cause those
whom they actuate to see danger only on one
side, and serve to vail, and even second, the arts of
influence on the other. Real patriots, who may
resist the intrigues of the favorite, are liable to
become suspected and odious, while its tools and
dupes usurp the applause and confidence of the peo-
ple, to surrender their interests.
The great rule of conduct for us, in regard to
foreign nations, is, in extending our commercial rela-
tions, to have with them as little political connection
as possible. So far as we have already formed
engagements, let them be fulfilled with perfect good
faith. Here let us stop.
Europe has a set of primary interests, which to
us have none or a very remote relation. Hence she
must be engaged in frequent controversies, the
causes of which are essentially foreign to our con-
cerns. Hence, therefore, it must be unwise in us
to implicate ourselves, by artificial ties, in the or-
dinary vicissitudes of her politics, or the ordinary
combinations and collisions of her friendships or
enmities.
Our detached and distant situation invites and
enables us to pursue a different course. If we
remain one people, under an efficient government,
the period is not far off when we may defy material
100 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
injury from external annoyance, when we may take
such an attitude as will cause the neutrality we may
at any time resolve upon to be scrupulously respected
when belligerent nations, under the impossibility
of making acquisitions upon us, will not lightl)'
hazard the giving us provocation when we may
choose peace or war, as our interest, guided by jus-
tice, shall counsel.
Why forego the advantages of so peculiar a
situation ? Why quit our own to stand upon foreign
ground ? Why, by interweaving our destiny with
that of any part of Europe, entangle our peace and
prosperity in the toils of European ambition, rival-
ship, interest, humor, or caprice ?
It is our true policy to steer clear of permanent
alliances with any portion of the foreign world ; so
far, I mean, as we are now at liberty to do it ; for
let me not be understood as capable of patronizing
infidelity to existing engagements. I hold the
maxim no less applicable to public than to private
affairs, that honesty is always the best policy. I
repeat it, therefore, let those engagements be
observed in their genuine sense. But, in my
opinion, it is unnecessary, and would be unwise, to
extend them.
Taking care always to keep ourselves, by suitable
establishments, on a respectable defensive posture,
WASHINGTON'S FAREWELL ADDBESS. 101
we may safely trust to temporary alliances for extra-
ordinary emergencies.
Harmony, and a liberal intercourse with all
nations, are recommended by policy, humanity, and
interest. But even our commercial policy should
hold an equal and impartial hand ; neither seeking
nor granting exclusive favors or preferences ; con-
sulting the natural course of things ; diffusing and
diversifying, by gentle means, the streams of com-
merce, but forcing nothing ; establishing, with
powers so disposed, in order to give trade a stable
course, to define the rights of our merchants, and to
enable the government to support them, conven-
tional rules of intercourse, the best that present
circumstances and mutual opinions will permit, but
temporary, and liable to be, from time to time,
abandoned or varied, as experience and circum-
stances shall dictate ; constantly keeping in view
that it is folly in one nation to look for disinterested
favors from another ; that it must pay, with a por-
tion of its independence, for -whatever it may accept
under that character ; that by such acceptance it
may place itself in the condition of having given
equivalents for nominal favors, and yet of being
reproached with ingratitude for not giving more.
There can be no greater error than to expect, or
calculate upon, real favors from nation to nation
102 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
It is an illusion which experience must cure, which a
just pride ought to discard.
In offering to you, my countrymen, these counsels
of an old and affectionate friend, I dare not hope
they will make the strong and lasting impression I
could wish that they will control the usual current
of the passions, or prevent our nation from running
the course which has hitherto marked the destiny of
nations ; but if I may even flatter myself that they
may be productive of some partial benefit, some
occasional good, that they may now and then recur
to moderate the fury of party spirit, to warn against
the mischiefs of foreign intrigues, to guard against
the impostures of pretended patriotism this hope
will be a full recompense for the solicitude for your
welfare by which they have been dictated.
How far, in the discharge of my official duties, I
have been guided by the principles which have been
delineated, the public records, and other evidences
of my conduct, must witness to you and the world.
To myself, the assurance of my own conscience is,
that I have at least believed myself to be guided by
them.
In relation to the still subsisting war in Europe,
my proclamation of the 22d of April, 1793, is the
index to my plan. Sanctioned by your approving
voice, and by that of your representatives in both
103
Houses of Congress, the spirit of that measure has
continually governed me, uninfluenced by any
attempts to deter or divert me from it.
After deliberate examination, with the aid of the
best lights I could obtain, I was well satisfied that
our country, under all the circumstances of the case,
had a right to take, and was bound in duty and in-
terest to take, a neutral position. Having taken it, I
determined, as far as should depend upon me, to main-
tain it with moderation, perseverance, and firmness.
The considerations which respect the right to
hold this conduct, it is not necessary on this occasion
to detail. I will only observe that, according to my
understanding of the matter, that right, so far from
being denied by any of the belligerent powers, has
been virtually admitted by all.
The duty of holding a neutral conduct may be
inferred, without anything more, from the obligation
which justice and humanity impose on every nation,
in cases in which it is free to act, to maintain inviolate
the relations of peace and amity toward other nations.
The inducements of interest, for observing that
conduct, will be best referred to your own reflections
and experience. With me, a predominant motive has
been to endeavor to gain time to our country to
settle and mature its yet recent institutions, and to
progress, without interruption, to that degree of
104 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
strength and consistency which is necessary to give it,
humanly speaking, the command of its own fortunes.
Though, in reviewing the incidents of my admin-
istration, I am unconscious of intentional error, I
am, nevertheless, too sensible of my defects not to
think it probable that I may have committed many
errors. Whatever they may be, I fervently beseech
the Almighty to avert or mitigate the evils to which
they may tend. I shall also carry with me the hope
that my country will never cease to view them with
indulgence, and that, after forty-five years of my life
dedicated to its service with an upright zeal, the faults
of incompetent abilities will be consigned to oblivion,
as myself must soon be to the mansions of rest.
Relying on its kindness in this, as in other things,
and actuated by that fervent love toward it which is
so natural to a man who views in it the native soil of
himself and his progenitors for several generations,
I anticipate, with pleasing expectation, that retreat
in which I promise myself to realize, without alloy,
the sweet enjoyment of partaking, in the midst of
my fellow-citizens, the benign influence of good laws
under a free government the ever favorite object of
my heart and the happy reward, as I trust, of our
mutual cares, labors, and dangers.
GEOKGE WASHINGTON.
UNITED STATES, Ifth September, 1796.
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 105
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION,
ISSUED IS 1832, WHEN" SOUTH CAROLINA UNDERTOOK TO ANNUL
THE FEDERAL REVENUE LAW.
WHEREAS a convention, assembled in the State of
South Carolina, have passed an ordinance, by which
they declare " that the several acts and parts of acts
of the Congress of the United States, purporting to
be laws for the imposing of duties and imposts on the
importation of foreign commodities, and now having
actual operation and effect .within the United States,
and more especially * two acts for the same purposes,
passed on the 29th of May, 1828, and on the 14th of
July, 1832,' are unauthorized by the Constitution of
the United States, and violate the true meaning and
intent thereof, and are null and void, and no law,"
nor binding on the citizens of that State or its offi-
cers ; and by the said ordinance it is further declared
to be unlawful for any of the constituted authori-
ties of the State, or of the United States, to enforce
106 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
the payment of the duties imposed by the said acta
within the same State, and that it is the duty of the
legislature to pass such laws as may be necessary to
give full effect to the said ordinances :
And whereas, by the said ordinance it is further
ordained, that, in no case of law or equity, decided in
the courts of said State, wherein shall be drawn in
question the validity of the said ordinance, or of the
acts of the legislature that may be passed to give it
effect, or of the said laws of the United States, no
appeal shall be allowed to the Supreme Court of the
United States, nor shall any copy of the record be
permitted or allowed for that purpose ; and that any
person attempting to take such appeal, shall be pun-
ished as for a contempt of court:
And, finally, the said ordinance declares that the
people of South Carolina will maintain the said ordi-
nance at every hazard ; and that they will consider
the passage of any act by Congress abolishing or
closing the ports of the said State, or otherwise ob-
structing the free ingress or egress of vessels to and
from the said ports, or any other act of the Federal
Government to coerce the State, shut up her ports,
destroy or harass her commerce, or to enforce the
said acts otherwise than through the civil tribunals
of the country, as inconsistent with the longer con-
tinuance of South Carolina in the Union ; and that
107
the people of the said State will thenceforth hold
themselves absolved from all further obligation to
maintain or preserve their political connection with
the people of the other States, and will forthwith
proceed to organize a separate government, and do
all other acts and things which sovereign and inde-
pendent States may of right do :
And whereas the said ordinance prescribes to the
people of South Carolina a course of conduct in direct
violation of their duty as citizens of the United
States, contrary to the laws of their country, subver-
sive of its Constitution, and having for its object the
destruction of the Union that Union, which, coeval
with our political existence, led our fathers, without
any other ties to unite them than those of patriotism
and common cause, through a sanguinary struggle to
a glorious independence that sacred Union, hitherto,
inviolate, which, perfected by our happy Constitu-
tion, has brought us, by the favor of Heaven, to a
state of prosperity at home, and high consideration
abroad, rarely, if ever, equaled in the history of na-
tions ; to preserve this bond of our political existence
from destruction, to maintain inviolate this state of
national honor and prosperity, and to justify the con-
fidence my fellow-citizens have reposed in me, I,
Andrew Jackson, President of the United States,
have thought proper to issue this, my PROCLAMATION,
108 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
stating my views of the Constitution and laws
applicable to the measures adopted by the Conven-
tion of South Carolina, and to the reasons they have
put forth to sustain them, declaring the course which
duty will require me to pursue, and, appealing to the
understanding and patriotism of the people, warn
them of the consequences that must inevitably result
from an observance of the dictates of the Convention.
Strict duty would require of me nothing more
than the exercise of those powers with which I am
now, or may hereafter be, invested, for preserving
the Union, and for the execution of the laws. But
the imposing aspect which opposition has assumed in
this case, by clothing itself with State authority, and
the deep interest which the people of the United
States must all feel in preventing a resort to stronger
measures, while there is a hope that anything will be
yielded to reasoning and remonstrances, perhaps
demand, and will certainly justify, a full exposition
to South Carolina and the nation of the views I en-
tertain of this important question, as well as a distinct
enunciation of the course which my sense of duty will
j require me to pursue.
The ordinance is founded, not on the indefeasible
right of resisting acts which are plainly unconstitu-
tional, and too oppressive to be endured, but on the
Strange position that any one State may not only
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 109
declare an act of Congress void, but prohibit its
cution that they may do this consistently with the
Constitution that the true construction of that
instrument permits a State to retain its place in the
Union, and yet be bound by no other of its laws than
those it may choose to consider as constitutional. It
is true they add, that, to justify this abrogation of a
law, it must be palpably contrary to the Constitution ;
but it is evident, ihpk to give the right of resisting
laws of that description, coupled with the uncon-
trolled right to decide what laws deserve that char-
acter, is to give the power of resisting all laws. For,
as by the theory, there is no appeal, the reasons
alleged by the State, good or bad, must prevail. If
it should be said that public opinion is a sufficient
check against the abuse of this power, it may be
asked why is it not deemed a sufficient guard against
the passage of an unconstitutional act by Congress.
There is, however, a restraint in this last case, which
makes the assumed power of a State more indefensi-
ble, and which does not exist in the other. There
are two appeals from an unconstitutional act passed
by Congress one to the judiciary, the other to the
people and the States. There is no appeal from the
State decision in theory ; and the practical illustra-
tration shows that the courts are closed against an
application to review it, both judges and jurors being
110 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
sworn to decide in its favor. But reasoning on thia
subject is superfluous, when our social compact in
express terms declares, that the laws of the United
States, its Constitution, and treaties made under it,
are the supreme law of the land ; and for greater
caution adds, " that the judges in every State shall
be bound thereby, anything in the constitution or
laws of any State to the contrary notwithstanding."
And it may be asserted, without, fear of refutation,
that no federative government could exist without a
similar provision. Look, for a moment, to the conse-
quence. If South Carolina considers the revenue
laws unconstitutional, and has a right to prevent
their execution in the port of Charleston, there would
be a clear constitutional objection to their collection
in every other port, and no revenue could be collected
anywhere ; for all imposts must be equal. It is no
answer to repeat that an unconstitutional law is no
law, so long as the question of its legality is to be
decided by the State itself; for every law operating
injuriously upon any local interest will be perhaps
thought, and certainly represented, as unconstitu-
tional, and, as has been shown, there is no appeal.
If this doctrine had been established at an earlier
day, the Union would have been dissolved in ita
infancy. The excise law in Pennsylvania, the em-
bargo and non-intercourse law in the Eastern States,
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION.
the carriage tax in Yirginia, were all deemed uncon-
stitutional, and were more unequal in their operation
than any of the laws now complained of; but, fortu-
nately, none of those States discovered that they had
the right now claimed by South Carolina. The war
into which we were forced, to support the dignity of
the nation and the rights of our citizens, might have
ended in defeat and disgrace, instead of victory and
honor, if the States, who supposed it a ruinous and
unconstitutional measure, had thought they possessed
the right of nullifying the act by which it was de-
clared, and denying supplies for its prosecution.
Hardly and unequally as those measures bore upon
several members of the Union, to the legislatures of
none did this efficient and peaceable remedy, as it is
called, suggest itself. The discovery of this impor-
tant feature in our Constitution was reserved to the
present day. To the statesmen of South Carolina
belongs the invention, and upon the citizens of that
State will, unfortunately, fall the evils of reducing it
to practice.
If the doctrine of a State veto upon the laws of
the Union carries with it internal evidence of its im-
practicable absurdity, our constitutional history will
also afford abundant proof that it would have been
repudiated with indignation had it been proposed to
form a feature in our government.
112 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
In our colonial state, although dependent on an-
other power, we very early considered ourselves as
connected by common interest with each other.
Leagues were formed for common defense, and before
the Declaration of Independence, we were known in
our aggregate character as the United Colonies of
America. That decisive and important step was
taken jointly. "We declared ourselves a nation by a
joint, not by several acts ; and when the terms of
our confederation were reduced to form, it was in
that of a solemn league of several States, by which
they agreed that they would, collectively, form one
nation, for the purpose of conducting some certain
domestic concerns, and all foreign relations. In the
instrument forming that Union, is found an article
which declares that " every State shall abide by the
determinations of Congress on all questions which
by that Confederation should be submitted to them."
Under the Confederation, then, no State could
legally annul a decision of the Congress, or refuse to
submit to its execution ; but no provision was made
to enforce these decisions. Congress made requisi-
tions, but they were not complied with. The gov-
ernment could not operate on individuals. They had
no judiciary, no means of collecting revenue.
But the defects of the Confederation need not be
detailed. Under its operation we could scarcely be
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 113
called a nation. "We had neither prosperity at home
nor consideration abroad. This state of things could
not be endured, and our present happy Constitution
was formed, but formed in vain, if this fatal doctrine
prevails. It was formed for important objects that
are announced in the preamble made in the name
and by the authority of the people of the United
States, whose delegates framed, and whose conven-
tions approved, it.
The most important among these objects, that
which is placed first in rank, on which all the others
rest, is "to form a more perfect Union." Now, it is
possible that, even if there were no express provision
giving supremacy to the Constitution and laws of
the United States over those of the States, it can be
conceived that an instrument made for the purpose
of "forming a more perfect Union" than that of the
Confederation, could be so constructed by the assem-
bled wisdom of our country as to substitute for that
confederation a form of government, dependent for
its existence on the local interest, the party spirit of
a State, or of a prevailing faction in a State ? Every
man, of plain, unsophisticated understanding, who
hears the question, will give such an answer as will
preserve the Union. Metaphysical subtlety, in pur-
suit of an impracticable theory, could alone have
devised one that is calculated to destroy it.
NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
I consider, then, the power to annul a law of the
United States, assumed by one State, incompatible
with the existence of the Union, contradicted expressly
Inj the letter of the Constitution, unauthorized ly its
fipirit, inconsistent with every principle on which it
was founded, and destructive of the great object for
which it was formed.
After this general view of the leading principle,
we must examine the particular application of it
which is made in the ordinance.
The preamble rests its justification on these
grounds : It assumes as a fact, thai the obnoxious
laws, although they purport to be laws for raising
revenue, were in reality intended for the protection
of manufactures, which purpose it asserts to be un-
constitutional ; that the operation of these laws is
unequal ; that the amount raised by them is greater
than is required by the wants of the government ;
and, finally, that the proceeds are to be applied to
objects unauthorized by the Constitution. These are
the only causes alleged to justify an open opposition
to the laws of the country, and a threat of seceding
from the Union, if any attempt should be made to
enforce them. The first actually acknowledges that
the law in question was passed under power ex-
pressly given by the Constitution, to lay and collect
imposts ; but its constitutionality is drawn in ques-
PRESIDENT JACKSON^ PROCLAMATION. 115
tion from the motives of those who passed it. How-
ever apparent this purpose may be in the present
case, nothing can be more dangerous than to admit
the position that an unconstitutional purpose, enter-
tained by the members who assent to a law enacted
under a constitutional power, shall make that law
void ; for how is that purpose to be ascertained ?
Who is to make the scrutiny ? How often may bad
purposes be falsely imputed? In how many cases
are they concealed by false professions? In how
many is no declaration of motive made ? Admit this
doctrine, and you give to the States an uncontrolled
right to decide, and every law may be annulled
under this pretext. If, therefore, the absurd and
dangerous doctrine should be admitted, that a State
may annul an unconstitutional law, or one that it
deems such, it will not apply to the present case.
The next objection is, that the laws in question
operate unequally. This objection may be made
with truth to every law that has been or can be
passed. The wisdom of man never yet contrived a
system of taxation that would operate with perfect
equality. If the unequal operation of a law makes
it unconstitutional, and if all laws of that description
may be abrogated by any State for that cause, then,
indeed, is the federal Constitution unworthy of the
slightest efforts for its preservation. We have hith-
116 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
erto relied on it as the perpetual bond of our Union.
We have received it as the work of the assembled
wisdom of the nation. "We have trusted to it as to
the sheet-anchor of our safety, in the stormy times of
conflict with a foreign or domestic foe. We have
looked to it with sacred awe as the palladium of our
liberties, and with all the solemnities of religion have
pledged to each other our lives and fortunes here,
and our hopes of happiness hereafter, in its defense
and support. Were we mistaken, my countrymen,
in attaching this importance to the Constitution of
our country ? Was our devotion paid to the wretched,
inefficient, clumsy contrivance, which this new doc-
trine would make it ? Did we pledge ourselves to the
support of an airy nothing a bubble that must be
blown away by the first breath of disaffection ? Was
this self-destroying, visionary theory the work of the
profound statesmen, the exalted patriots, to whom the
task of constitutional reform was intrusted? Did
the name of Washington sanction, did the States de-
liberately ratify, such an anomaly in the history of
fundamental legislation? No. We were not mis-
taken. The letter of this great instrument is free
from this radical fault; its language directly contra-
dicts the imputation; its spirit, its evident intent,
contradicts it. !No, we did not err. Our Constitu-
tion does not contain the absurdity of giving power
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 117
to make laws, and another power to resist them.
The sages, whose memory will always be reverenced,
have given us a practical, and, as they hoped, a per-
manent constitutional compact. The Father of his
Country did not affix his revered name to so palpable
an absurdity. Nor did the States, when they sever-
ally ratified it, do so under the impression that a veto
on the laws of the United States was reserved to
them, or that they could exercise it by application.
Search the debates in all their conventions examine
the speeches of the most zealous opposers of federal
authority look at the amendments that were pro-
posed. They are all silent -not a syllable uttered,
not a vote given, not a motion made, to correct the
explicit supremacy given to the laws of the Union
over those of the States, or to show that implication,
as is now contended, could defeat it. No, we have
not erred ! The Constitution is still the object of our
reverence, the bond of our union, our defense in
danger, the source of our prosperity in peace. It
shall descend, as we have received it, uncorrupted
by sophistical construction, to our posterity ; and the
sacrifices of local interest, of State prejudices, of per-
sonal animosities, that were made to bring it into
existence, will again be patriotically offered for its
support.
The two remaining objections made by the ordi-
118 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
nance to these laws are, that the sums intended to be
raised by them are greater than are required, and
that the proceeds will be unconstitutionally employed.
The Constitution has given expressly to Congress the
right of raising revenue, and of determining the sum
the public exigencies will require. The States have
no control over the exercise of this right other than
that which results from the power of changing the
representatives who abuse it, and thus procure re-
dress. Congress may undoubtedly abuse this discre-
tionary power, but the same may be said of others
with which they are vested. Yet the discretion must
exist somewhere. The Constitution has given it to
the representatives of all the people, checked by the
representatives of the States, and by the executive
power. The South Carolina construction gives it to
the legislature, or the convention of a single State,
where neither the people of the different States, nor
the States in their separate capacity, nor the chief
magistrate elected by the people, have any represen-
tation. Which is the most discreet disposition of the
power ? I do not ask you, fellow-citizens, which is
the constitutional disposition that instrument speaks
a language not to be misunderstood. But if you were
assembled in general convention, which would you
think the safest depository of this discretionary power
in the last resort? Would you add a clause giving
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 119
it to each of the States, or would you sanction the
wise provisions already made by your Constitution ?
If this should be the result of your deliberations when
providing for the future, are you can you be ready
to risk all that we hold dear, to establish, for a tem-
porary and a local purpose, that which yon must
acknowledge to be destructive, and even absurd, as a
general provision ? Carry out the consequences of
this right vested in the different States, and you
must perceive that the crisis your conduct presents
at this day would recur whenever any law of the
United States displeased any of the States, and that
we should soon cease to be a nation.
The ordinance, with the same knowledge of the
future that characterizes a former objection, tells you
that the proceeds of the tax will be unconstitutionally
applied. If this could be ascertained with certainty,
the objection would, with more propriety, be
reserved for the law so applying the proceeds, but
surely can not be urged against the laws levying the
duty.
These are the allegations contained in the ordi-
nance. Examine them seriously, my fellow-citizens
judge for yourselves. I appeal to you to deter-
mine whether they are so clear, so convincing, as to
leave no doubt of their correctness ; and even if you
should come to this conclusion, how far they justify
120 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
the reckless, destructive course which you are directed
to pursue. Review these objections, and the conclu-
sions drawn from them once more. What are they ?
Every law, then, for raising revenue, according to
the South Carolina ordinance, may be rightfully an-
nulled, unless it be so framed as no law ever will or
can be framed. Congress have a right to pass laws
for raising revenue, and each State has a right to
oppose their execution two rights directly opposed
to each other ; and yet is this absurdity supposed to
be contained in an instrument drawn for the express
purpose of avoiding collisions between the States and
the general government, by an assembly of the most
enlightened statesmen and purest patriots ever em-
bodied for a similiar purpose.
In vain have these sages declared that Congress
shall have power to lay and collect taxes, duties, im-
posts, and excises in vain have they provided that
they shall have power to pass laws which shall be
necessary and proper to carry those powers into
execution, that those laws and that Constitution shall
be the " supreme law of the land ; and that the
judges in every State shall be bound thereby, any-
thing in the constitution or laws of any State to the
contrary notwithstanding." In vain have the people
of the several States solemnly sanctioned these pro-
visions, made them their paramount law, and indi-
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 121
viduallj sworn to support them whenever they were
called on to execute any office.
Yain provisions 1 Ineffectual restrictions ! Yile
profanation of oaths ! Miserable mockery of legisla-
tion ! If a bare majority of the voters in any one
State may, on a real or supposed knowledge of the
intent with which a law has been passed, declare
themselves free from its operation say here it gives
too little, there too much, and operates unequally
here it suffers articles to be free that ought to be
taxed, there it taxes those that ought to be free in
this case the proceeds are intended to be applied to
purposes which we do not approve, in that the
amount raised is more than is wanted. Congress, it
is true, are invested bythe Constitution with the
right of deciding these questions according to their
sound discretion. Congress is composed of the repre-
sentatives of all the States, and of all the people of
all the States ; but WE, part of the people of one
State, to whom the Constitution has given no power
on the subject, from whom it has expressly taken it
away we, who have solemnly agreed that this Con-
stitution shall be our law we, most of whom have
sworn to support it we now abrogate this law, and
swear, and force others to swear, that it shall not be
obeyed and we do this, not because Congress have
no right to pass such laws ; this we do not allege ;
122 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
but because they have passed them with improper
views. They are unconstitutional from the motives
of those who pass them, which we can never with
certainty know, from their unequal operation;
although it is impossible from the nature of things
that they should be equal and from the disposition
which we presume may be made of their proceeds,
although that disposition has not been declared.
This is the plain meaning of the ordinance in rela-
tion to laws which it abrogates for alleged unconsti-
tutionality. But it does not stop here. It repeals,
in express terms, an important part of the Constitu-
tion itself, and of laws passed to give it effect, which
have never been alleged to be unconstitutional.
The Constitution declares that the judicial powers of
the United States extend to cases arising under the
laws of the United States, and that such laws the
Constitution and treaties shall be paramount to the
State constitutions and laws. The judiciary act pre-
scribes the mode by which the case may be brought
before a court of the United States, by appeal, when
a State tribunal shall decide against this provision of
the Constitution. The ordinance declares there
shall be no appeal ; makes the State law paramount
to the Constitution and laws of the United States ;
forces judges and jurors to swear that they will dis-
regard their provisions ; and even makes it penal in
123
a suitor to attempt relief by appeal. It further
declares that it shall not be lawful for the authorities
of the United States, or of that State, to enforce the
payment of duties imposed by the revenue laws
within its limits.
Here is a law of the United States, not even
pretended to be unconstitutional, repealed by the
authority of a small majority of the voters of a single
State. Here is a provision of the Constitution which
is solemnly abrogated by the same authority.
On such expositions and reasonings, the ordi-
nance grounds not only an assertion of the right to
annul the laws of which it complains, but to enforce
it by a threat of seceding from the Union, if any
attempt is made to execute them.
This right to secede is deduced from the nature
of the Constitution, which they say is a compact
between sovereign States, who have preserved their
whole sovereignty, and therefore are subject to no
superior ; that because they made the compact, they
can break it when in their opinion it has been
departed from by the other States. Fallacious as
this course of reasoning is, it enlists State pride, and
finds advocates in the honest prejudices of those who
have not studied the nature of our government suffi-
ciently to see the radical error on which it rests.
The people of. the United States formed the Con-
124 NATIONAL FAND-BOOK.
stitution, acting through the State legislatures, in
making the compact, to meet and discuss its provis-
ions, and acting in separate conventions when they
ratified those provisions ; but the term used in its
construction show it to be a government in which
the people of all the States collectively are repre-
sented. We are ONE PEOPLE in the choice of the
President and Yice-President. Here the States have
no other agency than to direct the mode in which
the votes shall be given. The candidates having the
majority of all the votes are chosen. The electors
of a majority of States may have given their votes
for one candidate, and yet another may be chosen.
The people then, and not the States, are represented
in the executive branch.
In the House of Representatives there is this
difference, that the people of one State do not, as in
the case of President and Yice-President, all vote
for all the members, each State electing only its own
representatives. But this creates no material distinc-
tion. When chosen, they are all representatives of
the United States, not representatives of the particu-
lar State from which they come. They are paid by
the United States, not by the State ; nor are they
accountable to it for any act done in performance of
their legislative functions ; and however they may
in practice, as it is their duty to do, consult and pre-
PEESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 125
for the interests of their particular constituents when
they come in conflict with any other .partial or local
interest, yet it is their first and highest duty, as
representatives of the United States, to promote the
general good.
The Constitution of the United States, then,
forms a government^ not a league, and whether it be
formed by compact between the States, or in any
other manner, its character is the same. It is a gov-
ernment in which all the people are represented,
which operates directly on the people individually,
not upon the States ; they retained all the power
they did not grant. But each State having expressly
parted with so many powers as to constitute jointly
with the other States a single nation, can not from
that period possess any right to secede, because such
secession does not break a league, but destroys the
unity of a nation, and any injury to that unity is not
only a breach which would result from the contra-
vention of a compact, but it is an offense against the
whole Union. To say that any State may at pleas-
ure secede from the Union, is to say that the United
States is not a nation ; because it would be a sole-
cism to contend that any part of a nation might
dissolve its connection with the other parts, to their
injury or ruin, without committing any offense.
Secession, like any other revolutionary act, may be
126 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
morally justified by the extremity of oppression ; but
to call it a constitutional right, is confounding the
meaning of terms, and can only be done through
gross error, or to deceive those who are willing to
assert a right % but would pause before they made a
revolution, or incur the penalties consequent upon a
failure.
Because the Union was formed by compact, it is
said the parties to that compact may, when they feel
aggrieved, depart from it ; but it is precisely because
it is a compact that they cannot. A contract is an
agreement or binding obligation. It may by its
terms have a sanction or penalty for its breach, or it
may not. If it contains no sanction, it may be
broken with no other consequence than moral guilt ;
if it have a sanction, then the breach incurs the
designated or implied penalty. A league between
independent nations, generally, has no sanction other
than a moral one ; or if it should contain a penalty,
as there is no common superior, it cannot be
enforced. A government, on the contrary, always
has a sanction, express or implied ; and, in our case,
it is both necessarily implied and expressly given.
An attempt by force of arms to destroy a goverr.-
ment is an offense, by whatever means the constitu-
tional compact may have been formed ; and such
government has the right, by the law of self-defense,
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION.
to pass acts for punishing the offender, unless that
right is modified, restrained, or resumed by the con-
stitutional act. In our system, although it is modi-
fied in the case of treason, yet authority is expressly
given to pass all laws necessary to carry its powers
into effect, and under this grant provision has been
made for punishing acts which obstruct the due
administration of the laws.
It would seem superfluous to add anything to
show the nature of that union which connects us ;
but as erroneous opinions on this subject are the
foundation of doctrines the most destructive to our
peace, I must give some further development to my
views on this subject. No one, fellow-citizens, has a
higher reverence for the reserved rights of the States
than the magistrate who now addresses you. ~No
one would make greater personal sacrifices, or offi-
cial exertions, to defend them from violation ; but
equal care must be taken to prevent, on their part,
an improper interference with, or resumption of, the
rights they have vested in the nation. The line has
not been so distinctly drawn as to avoid doubts in
some cases of the exercise of power. Men of the
best intentions and soundest views may differ in
their construction of some parts of the Constitution ;
but there are others on which dispassionate reflection
can leave no doubt. Of this nature appears to be
128 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
the assumed right of secession. It rests, as we have
seen, on the alleged and undivided sovereignty of the
States, and of their having formed in this sovereign
capacity a compact which is called the Constitution,
from which, because they made it, they have the
right to secede. Both of these positions are errone-
ous, and some of the arguments to prove them so
have been anticipated.
The States severally have not retained -their
entire sovereignty. It has been shown that in
becoming parts of a nation, not members of a league,
they surrendered many of their essential parts of
sovereignty. The right to make treaties, declare
war, levy taxes, exercise judicial and legislative
powers, were all functions of sovereign power. The
States, then, for all these important purposes, were
no longer sovereign. The allegiance of their citizens
was transferred in the first instance to the govern-
ment of the United States ; they became American
citizens, and owed obedience to the Constitution of
the United States, and to laws made in conformity
with the powers vested in Congress. This last posi-
tion has not been, and can not be, denied. How,
then, can that State be said to be sovereign and
independent whose citizens owe obedience to laws
not made by it, and whose magistrates are sworn to
disregard those laws, when they come in conflict
% f-* A "* f
with those passed by another ? What shows conclu-
sively that the States can not be saidX(jil&rJ,
reserved an undivided sovereignty, is that they
expressly ceded the right to punish treason not
treason against a separate power, but treason against
the United States. Treason is an offense against sov-
ereignty, and sovereignty must reside with the power
to punish it. But the reserved rights of the States
are not less sacred because they have for their com-
mon interest made the general government the
depository of these powers. The unity of our politi-
cal character (as has been shown for another pur-
pose) commenced with its very existence. Under
the royal government we had no separate character ;
our opposition to its oppression began as UNITED
COLONIES. We were the UNITED STATES under the
Confederation, and the name was perpetuated and
the Union rendered more perfect by the federal Con-
stitution. In none of these stages did we consider
ourselves in any other light than as forming one
nation. Treaties and alliances were made in the
name of all. Troops were raised for the joint
defense. How, then, with all these proofs, that
under all changes of our position we had, for desig*
nated purposes and with defined powers, created
national governments how is it that the most per-
fect of these several modes of union should now be
130 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
considered as a mere league that may be dissolved at
pleasure? It is from au abuse of terms. Compact
is used as synonymous with league, although the
true term is not employed, because it would at once
show the fallacy of the reasoning. It would not do to
say that our Constitution was only a league, but it is
labored to prove it a compact (which, in one sense, it
is), and then to argue that as a league is a compact,
every compact between nations must, of course, be a
league, and that from such an engagement every
sovereign power has a right to recede. But it has
been shown that in this sense the States are not
sovereign, and that even if they were, and the
national Constitution had been formed by compact,
there would be no right in any one State to exone-
rate itself from the obligation.
So obvious are the reasons which forbid this
secession, that it is necessary only to allude to them.
The Union was formed for the benefit of all. It was
produced by mutual sacrifice of interest and opinions.
Can those sacrifices be recalled ? Can the States,
who magnanimously surrendered their title to the
territories of the West, recall the grant ? Will the
inhabitants of the inland States agree to pay the
duties that may be imposed without their assent by
those on the Atlantic or the Gulf, for their own
benefit? Shall there be a free port in one State,
PRESIDENT JACKSON^ PROCLAMATION. 131
and enormous duties in another? No one believes
that any right exists in a single State to involve all
the others in these and countless other evils, contrary
to engagements solemnly made. Every one must
see that the other States, in self-defense, must oppose
it at all hazards.
These are the alternatives that are presented by
the convention : A repeal of all the acts for raising
revenue, leaving the government without the means
of support; or an acquiesce in the dissolution of our
Union by the secession of one of its members.
When the first was proposed, it was known that it
could not be listened to for a moment. It was
known if force was applied to oppose the execution
of the laws, that it must be repelled by force that
Congress could not, without involving itself in dis-
grace and the country in ruin, accede to the proposi-
tion ; and yet if this is not done in a given day, or
if any attempt is made to execute the laws, the State
is, by the ordinance, declared to be out of the Union.
The majority of a convention assembled for the pur-
pose have dictated these terms, or rather this
rejection of all terms, in the name of the people of
South Carolina. It is true that the governor of the
State speaks of the submission of their grievances .to a
convention of all the States ; which, he says, they
"sincerely and anxiously seek and desire." Yet this
132 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
obvious and constitutional mode of obtaining the
sense of the other States on the construction of the
federal compact, and amending it, if necessary, has
never been attempted by those who have urged the
State on to this destructive measure. The State
might have proposed a call for a general convention
to the other States, and Congress, if a sufficient num-
ber of them concurred, must have called it. But the
first magistrate of South Carolina, when he expressed
a hope that, " on a review by Congress and the func-
tionaries of the general government of the merits of
the controversy," such a convention will be accorded
to them, must have known that neither Congress,
nor any functionary in the general government, has
authority to call such a convention, unless it be
demanded by two-thirds of the States. This sug-
gestion, then, is another instance of the reckless
inattention to the provisions of the Constitution with
which this crisis has been madly hurried on ; or of
the attempt to persuade the people that a constitu-
tional remedy has been sought and refused. If the
legislature of South Carolina " anxiously desire " a
general convention to consider their complaints, why
have they not made application for it in the way the
Constitution points out? The assertion that they
" earnestly seek " it is completely negatived by the
pmission.
133
This, then is the position in which we stand. A
small majority of the citizens of one State in the
Union have elected delegates to a State convention ;
that convention has ordained that all the revenue
laws of the United States must be repealed, or that
they are no longer a member of the Union. The
governor of that State has recommended to the legis-
lature the raising of an army to carry the secession
into effect, and that he may be empowered to give
clearances to vessels in the name of the State. No
act of violent opposition to the laws has yet been
committed, but such a state of things is hourly appre-
hended, and it is the intent of this instrument to
PROCLAIM, not only that the duty imposed on me by
the Constitution, " to take care that the laws be
faithfully executed," shall be performed to the extent
of the powers already vested in me bylaw, or of such
others as the wisdom of Congress shall devise and
intrust to me for that purpose ; but to warn the citi-
zens of South Carolina, who have been deluded into
an opposition to the laws, of the danger they will
incur by obedience to the illegal and disorganizing
ordinance of the convention to exhort those who
have refused to support it to persevere in their deter-
mination to uphold the Constitution and laws of their
country, and to point out to all the perilous situa-
tion into which the good people of that State have
134: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
been led, and that the course they are urged to pur-
sue is one of ruin and disgrace to the very State
whose rights they effect to support.
Fellow-citizens of my native State ! let me not
only admonish you, as the first magistrate of our
common country, not to incur the penalty of its laws,
but use the influence that a father would over his
children whom he saw rushing to a certain ruin. In
that paternal language, with that paternal feeling,
let me tell you, my countrymen, that you are deluded
by men who are either deceived themselves or wish
to deceive yon. Mark under what pretenses you
have been led on to the brink of insurrection and
treason on which you stand ! First a diminution of
the value of our staple commodity, lowered by over-
production in other quarters and the consequent
diminution in the value of your lands, were the sole
effect of the tariff laws. The effect of those laws
was confessedly injurious, but the evil was greatly
exaggerated by the unfounded theory you were
taught to believe, that its burdens were in propor-
tion to your exports, not to your consumption of
imported articles. Your pride was roused by the
assertions that a submission to these laws was a state
of vassalage, and that resistance to them was equal,
in patriotic merit, to the opposition our fathers
offered to the oppressive laws of Grea.t Britain. Ton
135
were told that this opposition might be peaceably
might be constitutionally made that you might
enjoy all the advantages of the Union and bear none
of its burdens. Eloquent appeals to your passions,
to your State pride, to your native courage, to your
sense of real injury, were used to prepare you for the
period when the mask which concealed the hideous
features of DISUNION should be taken off. It fell, and
you were made to look with complacency on objects
which not long since you would have regarded with
horror. Look back to the arts which have brought
you to this state look forward to the consequences
to which it must inevitably lead! Look back to
what was first told you as an inducement to enter
into this dangerous course. The great political
truth was repeated to you that you had the revolu-
tionary right of resisting all laws that were palpably
unconstitutional and intolerably oppressive it was
added that the right to nullify a law rested on the
same principle, but that it was a peaceable remedy !
This character which was given to it, made you
receive with too much confidence the assertions that
were made of the unconstitutionally of the law and
its oppressive effects. Mark, my fellow-citizens, that
by the admission of your leaders the unconstitutioi>
ality must be palpable, or it will justify either resist-
ance or nullification ! "What is the meaning of the
136 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
word palpable in the sense in which it is here used ?
that which is apparent to every one, that which no
man of ordinary intellect will fail to perceive. Is
the unconstitutionally of these laws of that descrip-
tion? Let those among your leaders who once
approved and advocated the principles of protective
duties, answer the question ; and let them choose
whether they will be considered as incapable, then,
of perceiving that which must have been apparent to
every man of common understanding, or as imposing
upon our confidence and endeavoring to mislead you
now. In either case, they are unsafe guides in the
perilous path they urge you to tread. Ponder well
on this circumstance, and you will know how to
appreciate the exaggerated language they address
to you. They are not champions of liberty emulat-
ing the fame of our Revolutionary fathers, nor are
you an oppressed people, contending, as they repeat
to you, against worse than colonial vassalage. You
are free members of a flourishing and happy Union.
There is no settled design to oppress you. You
have, indeed, felt the unequal operation of laws
which may have been unwisely, not unconstitution-
ally passed ; but that inequality must necessarily be
removed. At the very moment when you were
madly urged on to the unfortunate course you have
begun, a change in public opinion has commenced.
PRESIDENT JACKSON'S PROCLAMATION. 137
The nearly approaching payment of the public debt,
and the consequent necessity of a diminution of
duties, had already caused a considerable reduction,
and that, too, on some articles of general consump-
tion in your State. The importance of this change
was underrated, and you were authoritatively told
that no further alleviation of your burdens was to be
expected, at the very time when the condition of the
country imperiously demanded such a modification
of the duties as should reduce them to a just and
equitable scale. But, as apprehensive of the effect
of this change in allaying your discontents, you were
precipitated into a fearful state in which you now
find yourselves.
I have urged you to look back to the means that
were used to hurry you on to the position you have
now assumed, and forward to the consequences it will
produce. Something more is necessary. Contem-
plate the condition of that country of which you still
form an important part ; consider its government
uniting in one bond of common interest and general
protection so many different States giving to all
their inhabitants the proud title of AMERICAN CITI-
ZENS protecting their commerce securing their
literature and arts facilitating their intercommuni-
cation defending their frontiers and making their
name respected in the remotest parts of the earth !
138 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Consider the extent of its territory, its increasing and
happy population, its advance in arts, which render
life agreeable, and the sciences which elevate the
mind! See education spreading the lights of
religion, morality, and general information into every
cottage in this wide extent of our Territories and
States ! Behold it as the asylum where the wretched
and the oppressed find a refuge and support ! Look
on this picture of happiness and honor, and say, WE,
TOO, ABE CITIZENS OF AMERICA Carolina is one of
these proud States her arms have defended her best
blood has cemented this happy Union ! And then
add, if you can, without horror and remorse, this
happy Union we will dissolve this picture of peace
and prosperity we will deface this free intercourse
we will interrupt these fertile fields we will deluge
with blood the protection of that glorious flag we
renounce the very name of Americans we discard.
And for what, mistaken men ! For what do you throw
away these inestimable blessings for what would you
exchange your share in the advantages and honor
of the Union ? For the dream of a separate inde-
pendence a dream interrupted by bloody conflicts
with your neighbors, and a vile dependence on a for-
eign power. If your leaders could succeed in estab-
lishing a separation, what would be your situation ?
Are you united at home are you free from the
139
apprehension of civil discord, with all its fearful con-
sequences ? Do our neighboring republics, every
day suffering some new revolution or contending
with some new insurrection do they excite your
envy ? But the dictates of a high duty oblige me
solemnly to announce that you can not succeed.
The laws of the United States must be executed. I
have no discretionary power on the subject my
duty is emphatically pronounced in the Constitution.
Those who told you that you might peaceably
prevent their execution, deceived you they could
not have been deceived themselves. They know
that a forcible opposition could alone prevent the
execution of the laws, and they know that such
opposition must be repelled. Their object is dis-
union ; but be not deceived by names ; disunion, by
armed force, is TREASON. Are you really ready to
incur this guilt? If you are, on the head of the
instigators of the act be the dreadful consequences
on their heads be the dishonor, but on yours may fall
the punishment on your unhappy State will inev-
itably fall all the evils of the conflict you force upon
the government of your country. It cannot accede
to the mad project of disunion of which yon would
be the first victims its first magistrate can not, if he
would, avoid the performance of his duty the con-
sequence must be feaiful for you, distressing to your
14:0 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
fellow-citizens here, and to the friends of good gov-
ernment throughout the world. Its enemies have
beheld our prosperity with a vexation they could not
conceal it was a standing refutation of their slavish
doctrines, and they will point to our discord with the
triumph of malignant joy. It is yet in your power
to disappoint them. There is yet time to show that
the descendants of the Pinckneys, the Sumpters, the
Hutledges, and of the thousand other names which
adorn the pages of your revolutionary history, will
not abandon that Union to support which so many
of them fought and bled and died. I adjure you, as
you honor their memory as you love the cause of
freedom, to which they dedicated their lives as you
prize the peace of your country, the lives of its best
citizens, and your own fair fame, to retrace your
steps. Snatch from the archives of your State the
disorganizing edict of its convention bid its mem-
bers to re-assemble and promulgate the decided
expressions of your will to remain in the path which
alone can conduct you to safety, prosperity, and
honor tell them that compared to disunion, all
other evils are light, because that brings with it an
accumulation of all declare that you will never take
the field unless the star-spangled banner of your
country shall float over you that you will not be
stigmatized when dead, and dishonored and scorned
JACKSON'S PEOCLAMATION.
while you live, as the authors of the first attack on
the Constitution of jour country | its destroyers you
can not be. You may disturb its peace you may
interrupt the course of its prosperity you may
cloud its reputation for stability but its tranquillity
will be restored, its prosperity will return, and the
stain upon its national character will be transferred
and remain an eternal blot on the memory of those
who caused the disorder.
Fellow-citizens of the United States ! the threat of
unhallowed disunion the names of those, once re-
spected, by whom it is uttered the array of military
force to support it denote the approach of a crisis in
our affairs on which the continuance of our unexam-
pled prosperity, our political existence, and perhaps
that of all free governments, may depend. The con-
jecture demanded a free, a full, and explicit enuncia-
tion, not only of my intentions, but of my principles
of action ; and as the claim "was asserted of a right by
a State to annul the laws of the Union, and even to
secede from it at pleasure, a frank exposition of my
opinions in relation to the origin and form of our
government, and the construction I give to the
instrument by which it was created, seemed to be
proper. Having the fullest confidence in the just-
ness of the legal and constitutional opinion of my
duties which has been expressed, I rely with equal
14:2 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
confidence on your undivided support in my deter-
mination to execute the laws to preserve the Union
by all constitutional means to arrest, if possible, b}
moderate but firm measures, the necessity of a
recourse to force ; and, if it be the will of Heaven
that the recurrence of its primeval curse on man for
the shedding of a brother's blood should fall upon
our land, that it be not called down by any offensive
act on the part of the United States.
Fellow-citizens ! the momentous case is before
you. On your undivided support of your govern-
ment depends the decision of the great question it
involves, whether your sacred Union will be pre-
served, and the blessing it secures to us as one people
shall be perpetuated. No one can doubt that the
unanimity with which that decision will be expressed,
will be such as to inspire new confidence in republi-
can institutions, and that the prudence, the wisdom,
and the courage which it will bring to their defense,
will transmit them unimpaired and invigorated to
our children.
May the Great Euler of nations grant that the
signal blessings with which He has favored ours may
not, by the madness of party, or personal ambition,
be disregarded and lost, and may His wise provi-
dence bring those who have produced this crisis to
Bee the folly, before they feel the misery, of civil
143
strife, and inspire a returning veneration for that
Union which, if we may dare to penetrate Hia
designs, He has chosen, as the only means of attain-
ing the high destinies to which we may reasonably
aspire.
In testimony whereof, I have caused the seal of
the United States to be hereunto affixed, having
signed the same with my hand.
Done at the City of Washington, this 10th day of
December, in the year of our Lord one thousand
eight hundred and thirty-two, and of the inde-
pendence of the United States the fifty-seventh.
AIOXBEW JACKSOH.
By the President.
EDW. LIVINGSOE, /Secretary of /State.
144 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
MONEOE DOCTKINE.
EXTEAOT FEOM PBESIDENT MONROE'S ANNUAL MESSAGE, WASH-
INGTON, DEO. 2, 1823.
THE citizens of the United States cherish senti-
ments the most friendly in favor of the liberty and
happiness of their fellow-men on that side of the
Atlantic. In the wars of the European powers, in
matters relating to themselves, we have never taken
any part, nor does it comport with our policy so to
do. It is only when our rights are invaded, or seri-
ously menaced, that we resent injuries or make prep
arations for our defence. "With the movements in
this hemisphere, we are, of necessity, more immedi-
ately connected, and by causes which must be
obvious to all enlightened and impartial observers.
The political system of the allied powers is essen-
tially different, in this respect, from that of America.
This difference proceeds from that which exists in
their respective Governments. And to the defence
of our own, which has been achieved by the loss of
so much blocd and treasure, and matured by the
wisdom of their most enlightened citizens, and under
MONEOE DOCTKINE. 145
which we have enjoyed unexampled felicity, this
whole nation is devoted.
We owe it, therefore, to candor and to the amic-
able relations existing between the United States and
those powers, to declare, that we should consider
any attempt on their part to extend their system to
any portion of this hemisphere, as dangerous to our
peace and safety.
"With the existing colonies or dependencies of any
European power, we have not interfered, and shall
not interfere. But, with the Governments who
have declared their independence, and maintained
it, and whose independence we have, on great con-
sideration, and on just principles, acknowledged, we
could not view any interposition for the purpose of
oppressing them, or controlling, in any other man-
ner, their destiny, by any European power, in any
other light than as the manifestation of an un-
friendly disposition towards the United States.
In the war between those new Governments and
Spain, we declared our neutrality at the time of
their recognition, and to this we have adhered, and
shall continue to adhere, provided no change shall
occur, which, in the judgment of the competent au-
thorities of this Government, shall make a corres-
ponding change on the part of the United States,
indispensable to their security.
146 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
THE DEED SCOTT DECISION,
DEED BOOTT, PLAINTIFF IS EEEOB, VS. JOHN F. A. SANDFOBD.
THIS case was brought up by writ of error, from
the Circuit Court of the United States for the district
of Missouri.
It was an action of trespass w et armis instituted
in the Circuit Court by Scott against Sanford.
Prior to the institution of the present suit, an
action was brought by Scott for his freedom in the
Circuit Court of St. Louis county, (State court,)
where there was a verdict and judgment in his favor.
On a writ of error to the Supreme Court of the
State, the judgment below was reversed, and the
case remanded to the Circuit Court, where it was
continued to await the decision of the case now in
question.
The declaration of Scott contained three counts :
one, that Sandford had assaulted the plaintiff; one,
THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 147
that he had assaulted Harriet Scott, his wife ; and
one, that he had assaulted Eliza Scott and Lizzie
Scott, his children.
Sandford appeared, and filed the following plea :
DEED SCOTT, )
vs. > Plea to the Jurisdiction of the Court.
JOHN F. A. SANDFOBD. )
APEIL TEEM, 1854.
And the said John F. A. Sandford, in his own
proper person, comes and says that this court ought
not to have or take further cognizance of the action
aforesaid, because he says that said cause of action,
and each and every of them, (if any such have ac-
crued to the said Dred Scott,) accrued to the said
Dred Scott out of the jurisdiction of this court, and
exclusively within the jurisdiction of the courts of
the State of Missouri, for that, to wit : the said plain-
tin , Dred Scott, is not a citizen of the State of Mis-
souri, as alleged in his declaration, because he is a
negro of African descent ; his ancestors were of pure
African blood, and were brought into this country
and sold as negro slaves, and this the said Sandford
is ready to verify. "Wherefore he prays judgment
whether this court can or will take further cogni-
zance of the action aforesaid.
JOHN F. A. SANDFOBD.
NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
To this plea there was a demurrer in the usual
form, which was argued in April, 1854, when the
court gave judgment that the demurrer should be
sustained.
In May, 1854, the defendant, in pursuance of an
agreement between counsel, and with the leave of
the court, pleaded in bar of the action :
1. Not guilty.
2. That the plaintiff was a negro slave, the law-
ful property of the defendant, and, as such, the de-
fendant gently laid his hands upon him, and thereby
had only restrained him, as the defendant had a right
to do.
3. That with respect to the wife and daughters
of the plaintiff, in the second and third counts of the
declaration mentioned, the defendant had, as to them,
only acted in the same manner, and in virtue of the
same legal right.
In the first of these pleas, the plaintiff joined
issue ; and to the second and third filed replications
alleging that the defendant, of his own wrong and
without the cause in his second and third pleas
alleged, committed the trespasses, etc.
The counsel then filed the following agreed state-
ment of facts, viz.:
In the year 1834, the plaintiff was a negro slave
belonging to Dr. Emerson, who was a surgeon in the
THE DEED SCOTT DECISION.
army of the United States. In that year, 1834, said
Dr. Emerson took the plaintiff from the State of
Missouri to the military post at Rock Island in the
State of Illinois, and held him there as a slave until
the month of April or May, 1836. At the time last
mentioned, said Dr. Emerson removed the plantiff
from said military post at Hock Island to the mili-
tary post at Fort Snelling, situate on the west bank
of the Mississippi river, in the Territory known as
Upper Louisiana, acquired by the United States of
France, and situate north of the latitude of thirty-six
degrees thirty minutes north, and north of the State
of Missouri. Said Dr. Emerson held the plaintiff in
slavery at said Fort Snelling, from said last-men-
tioned date until the year 1838.
In the year 1835, Harriet, who is named in the
second count of the plaintiff's declaration, was the
negro slave of Major Taliaferro, who belonged to the
army of the United States. In that year, 1835, said
Major Taliaferro took said Harriet to said Fort
Snelling, a military post, situated as hereinbefore
stated, and kept her there as a slave until the
year 1836, and then sold and delivered her as a
slave at said Fort Snelling unto the said Dr. Em-
erson hereinbefore named. Said Dr. Emerson held
said Harriet in slavery at said Fort Snelling until
the year 1838.
150 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK
In the year 1836, the plaintiff and said Harriet,
at said Fort Snelling, with the consent of said Dr.
Emerson, who then claimed to be their master and
owner, intermarried, and took each other for hus-
band and wife. Eliza and Lizzie, named in the third
count of the plaintiff's declaration, are the fruit of
that marriage. Eliza is about fourteen years old,
and was born on board the steamboat Gipsey, north
of the north line of the State of Missouri, and upon
the river Mississippi. Lizzie is about seven years old,
and was born in the State of Missouri, at the mili-
tary post called Jefferson Barracks.
In the year 1838, said Dr. Emerson removed the
plaintiff and said Harriet and their said daughter
Eliza, from said Fort Snelling to the State of Mis-
souri, where they have ever since resided.
Eefore the commencement of this suit, said Dr.
Emerson sold and conveyed the plaintiff, said Har-
riet, Eliza, and Lizzie, to the defendant, as slaves,
and the defendant has ever since claimed to hold
them and each of them as slaves.
At the times mentioned in the plaintiff's declara-
tion, the defendant claiming to be owner as aforesaid,
laid his hands upon said plaintiff, Harriet, Eliza, and
Lizzie, and imprisoned them, doing in this respect,
however, no more than what he might lawfully do if
they were of right his slaves at such times.
THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 151
Further proof may be given on the trial for either
party.
It is agreed that Dred Scott brought suit for his
freedom in the Circuit Court of St. Louis county ;
that there was a verdict and judgment in his favor ;
that on a writ of error to the Supreme Court, the
judgment below was reversed, and the same re-
manded to the Circuit Court, where it has been con-
tinued to await the decision of this case.
In May, 1854, the cause went before a jury, who
found the following verdict, viz.: "As to the first
issue joined in this case, we of the jury find the de-
fendant not guilty ; and as to the issue secondly above
joined, we of the jury find that before and at the
time when, &c., in the first count mentioned, the said
Dred Scott was a negro slave, the lawful property
of the defendant ; and as to the issue thirdly above
joined, we, the jury, find that before and at the time
when, &c., in the second and third counts mentioned,
the said Harriet, wife of said Dred Scott, and Eliza
and Lizzie, the daughters of the said Dred Scott, were
negro slaves, the lawful property of the defendant."
Whereupon the court gave judgment for the de-
fendant.
After an ineffectual motion for a new trial, the
plaintiff filed the following bill of exceptions.
On the trial of this cause by the jury, the plain-
152 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
tiff, to maintain the issues on his part, read to the
jury the following agreed statraent of facts, (see
agreement above.) No farther testimony was given
to the jury by either party. Thereupon the plaintiff
moved the court to give to the jury the following
instruction, viz.:
" That upon the facts agreed to by the parties,
they ought to find for the plaintiff. The court re-
fused to give such instruction to the jury, and the
plaintiff, to such refusal, then and there duly ex-
cepted."
The court then gave the following instruction to
the jury, on motion of the defendant :
" The jury are instructed, that upon the facts in
this case, the law is with the defendant." The
plaintiff excepted to this instruction.
Upon these exceptions, the case came up to this
court.
It was argued at December term, 1855, and or-
dered to be reargued at the present term.
The opinion of the court, as delivered by Chief
Justice Taney, being so lengthy, we omit all but the
summing up, to wit :
Upon the whole, therefore, it is the judgment of
this court, that it appears by the record before us,
that the plaintiff in error is not a citizen of Missouri,
in the sense in which that word is used in the Con-
THE DEED SCOTT DECISION. 153
stitution ; and that the Circuit Court of the United
States, for that reason, had no jurisdiction in the
case, and could give no judgment in it. Its judg-
ment for the defendant must, consequently, be
reversed, and a mandate issued, directing the suit to
be dismissed for want of jurisdiction.
154: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
PKESIDENTS AND YIOE-PKESIDENTS OF
THE UNITED STATES,
WITH THE VOTE FOR EACH CANDIDATE FOB OFFICE.
BEFORE THE REVOLUTION.
FEBST CONGRESS, Sept. 5, 1774. Peyton Kan-
dolph, of Yirginia, President. Born in Yirginia, in
1723, died at Philadelphia, Oct. 22, 1785. Charles
Thomson, of Pennsylvania, Secretary. Born in
Ireland, 1730, died in Pennsylvania, Aug. 16, 1824.
SECOND CONGRESS, May 10, 1775. Peyton
Kandolph, President. Eesigned May 24, 1775.
John Hancock, of Massachusetts, elected his
successor. He was born at Quincy, Mass., 1737,
died Oct. 8, 1793. He was President of Congress
until October, 1777.
Henry Laurens, of South Carolina, President
from Nov. 1, 1777, to Dec. 1778.- He was born at
Charleston, S. C., 1724, died in South Carolina,
Dec., 1792.
John Jay, of New York, President from Dec. 10,
PBESIDENTS AUD VICE-PRESIDENTS.
155
1778, to Sept. 27, 1779. He was born in New York
City, Dec. 12, 1745, died at New York, May 17,
1829.
Samuel Huntingdon, of Connecticut, President
from Sept. 28, 1779, until July 10, 1781. He was
born in Connecticut, in 1732, died 1796.
Thos. McKean, of Pennsylvania, President from
July 1781, until Nov. 5 } 1781. He was born in
Pennsylvania, March 19, 1734, died at Philadelphia,
June 24, 1817.
John Hanson, of Maryland, President from Nov.
5, 1781, to Nov. 4, 1782.
Elias Boudinot, of New Jersey, President from
Nov. 4, 1782, until Feb. 4, 1783. He was bom at
Philadelphia, May 2, 1740, died 1824.
Thomas Mifflin, of Pennsylvania, President from
Feb. 4, 1783, to Nov. 30, 1784. Born at Philadel-
phia, 1744, died in the same city, Jan. 21, 1800.
Richard Henry Lee, of Virginia, President from
Nov. 30, 1784, to Nov. 23, 1785. He was born in
Virginia, 1732, died 1794.
John Hancock, of Massachusetts, President from
Nov. 23, 1785, to June 6, 1786.
Nathaniel Gorham, of Massachusetts. President
from June 6, 1786, to Feb. 2, 1787. He was born at
Charlestown, Mass., 1738, died June 11, 1796.
Arthur St. Clair, of Pennsylvania, President
from Feb. 2, 1787, to Jan. 28, 1788. He was born
in Edinburgh, Scotland, , died in 1818.
Cyrus Griffin, of Virginia, President from Jan.
28, 1788, to the end of the Congress under the
156 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Confederation, March 3, 1789. He was born in
England, 1748, died in Virginia, 1810.
CINDER THE CONSTITUTION.
1789 to 1793. George Washington, of Virginia,
inaugurated as President of the United States, April
30, 1789. He was born upon Wakefield estate,
Virginia, Feb. 22, (llth old style,) 1732, died at
Mount Vernon, Dec. 14, 1799.
John Adams, of Massachusetts, Yice-President.
Born at Braintree, Mass., Oct. 19, 1735, died July 4,
1826, near Quincy, Mass.
ELECTORAL VOTE. Geo. Washington, 69 ; John
Adams, 34 ; John Jay, New York, 9 ; E. H. Har-
rison, Maryland, 6 ; John Rutledge, South Carolina,
6 ; John Hancock, Massachusetts, 4 ; Geo. Clinton,
New York, 3 ; Sam'l Huntingdon, Connecticut, 2 ;
John Milton, Georgia, 2 ; James Armstrong,
Georgia, 1 ; Edward Telfair, Georgia, 1 ; Benj.
Lincoln, Massachusetts, 1 Total, 69. -Ten States
voted, Rhode Island, New York, and North Caro-"
lina not voting, not having ratified the Constitution
in time.
1793 to 1797. George Washington, President,
inaugurated March 4, 1793.
John Adams, Yice-President.
ELECTORAL VOTE. Geo. Washington, 132 ; John
Adams, 77 ; Geo. Clinton, 50 ; Thos. Jefferson, Yir-
gia, 4; Aaron Burr, New York, 1. Total, 132.
Fifteen States voted.
PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 157
1797 to 1801. John, Adams President, inaugu-
lated March 4, 1797.
Thomas Jefferson, of Virginia, Yice-President.
Born at Shadwell, Yirginia, April 13, 1743, died at
Monticello, Yirginia, July 4, 1826.
ELECTORAL VOTE. John Adams, 71 ; Thomas
Jefferson, 68 ; Thomas Pinckney, South Carolina,
59 ; Aaron Burr, 30 ; Sam'l Adams, Massachusetts,
15 ; Oliver Ellsworth, Connecticut, 11 ; Geo. Clin-
ton, 7; John Jay, 5 ; James Iredell, North Carolina,
3 ; George "Washington, 2 ; John Henry, Maryland,
2 ; S. Johnson, North Carolina, 2 ; Charles C.
Pinckney, South Carolina, 1. Total 138. Sixteen
States voting.
1801 to 1805. Thomas Jefferson, President,
inaugurated March 4, 1801.
Aaron Burr, of New York Yice-President. Born
at Newark, N. J., Feb. 6, 1756, died at Staten
Island, N. Y., Sept. 14, 1836.
ELECTORAL VOTE. Thos. Jefferson, 73 ; Aaron
Burr, 73; John Adams, 65 ; Chas. C. Pinckney, 64;
John Jay 1. Total, 13. Sixteen States voting.
There was no choice by the Electoral colleges, and
the election was carried into the House of Represen-
tatives, and upon the 36th ballot, ten States voted for
Jefferson, four States for Aaron Burr, and two States
in blank. Jefferson was declared to be elected
President, and Burr Yice-President. The Constitu-
tion was then amended, so that the Yice-President
was voted for separately, instead of being the second
on the vote for President.
158 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
1805 to 1809. Thomas Jefferson, President,
inaugurated March 4, 1805.
George Clinton, of New York, Yice-President.
He was born in Ulster county, N. Y., 1739, died in
Washington, D. C., April 20, 1812.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Thos. Jefferson
162 ; Chas. Cotesworth Pinckney, 14 Total, 176.
Seven States voting. For Yice-President, George
Clinton, 162; Eufus King, New York, 14
1809 to 1813. James Madison, of Yirginia,
President, inaugurated March 4, 1809. He waa
born March 16, 1751, in Prince George county, Ya.,
and died at Montpelier, Ya., June 28, 1836.
George Clinton, of New York, Yice-President,
until his death, April 20, 1812.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James Madi-
Bon, 122 ; Geo. Clinton, 6 ; C. C. Pinckney, 47.
Total, 175. Seventeen States voting. For Yice-
President, George Clinton, 113 ; James Madison, 3 ;
James Monroe, Yirginia, 3 ; John Langdon, New
Hampshire, 9 ; Rufus King, New York, 47.
1813 to 1817. James Madison, of Yirginia, Presi-
dent, inaugurated March 4, 1813.
Elbridge Gerry, of Massachusetts, Yice-President,
until his death, Nov. 23, 1814. He was born at
Marblehead, Mass., July 17, 1744, and died at
Washington, D. C.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James Madi-
son, 128 ; De Witt Clinton, New York, 89. Total,
217. Eighteen States voting. For Yice-President,
Elbridge Gerry, 131 ; Jared Ingersoll, Pa., 86.
PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 159
1817 to 1821. James Monroe, of Yirginia, Presi-
dent, inaugurated March. 4, 1817. He was born in
Westmoreland county, Ya., 1759, and died in New
York, July 4, 1831.
Daniel D. Tompkins, of New York, Yice-Presi-
dent. Born June 21, 1774, at Fox Meadows, N. Y.,
and died at Staten Island, June 11, 1825.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James Monroe,
183 ; Eufus King, 34. Total, 221. Nineteen States
voting. For Yice-President, Daniel D. Tompkins,
183; John Eager Howard, Maryland, 22; James
Ross, Pennsylvania, 5 ; John Marshall, Yirginia, 4 ;
Robt. Goodloe Harper, Maryland, 3.
1821 to 1825. James Monroe, President, inaugu-
rated March 4, 1821.
Daniel D. Tompkins, Yice-President.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James Monroe,
231 ; John Quincy Adams, Massachusetts, 1. Total,
232. Twenty-four States voting. For Yice-Presi-
dent, Daniel D. Tompkins, 218 ; Kichard Stockton,
New Jersey, 8 ; Robert G. Harper, 1 ; Kichard
Rush, Pennsylvania, 1 ; Daniel Rodney, Delaware, 1.
1825 to 1829. John Quincy Adams, of Massa-
chusetts, President, inaugurated March 4, 1825. He
was born at Quincy, Massachusetts, July 11, 1767,
and died at Washington City, Feb. 23, 1848.
John Caldwell Calhoun, of South Carolina, Yice-
President. Born in Abbeville district, S. C., March
18, 1782, and died March 31, 1850, in Washington
City.
POPULAR VOTE. For President, John Quincy
160 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Adams, 105,321; Andrew Jackson, Tennessee,
152,899; Win. H. Crawford, Georgia, 47,265;
Henry Clay, Kentucky, 47,087.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President Andrew Jack-
son, 99 ; John Quincy Adams, 84 ; TVm. H. Craw-
ford, 41 ; Henry Clay, 37. Total, 261. Twenty-
four States voting.
There being no choice by the Electoral colleges,
the vote was taken into the House of Representa-
tives. Adams received the votes of thirteen States,
Jackson seven, and Crawford four. John Quincy
Adams was therefore declared elected President.
For Yice-President, the Electoral vote was John
C. Calhoun, South Carolina, 182 ; Nathan San-
ford, New York, 30 ; Nathaniel Macon, Georgia,
24; Andrew Jackson, Tennessee, 13; Martin Yan
Buren, New York, 9 ; Henry Clay, Kentucky, 2.
1829 to 1833. Andrew Jackson, of Tennessee,
President, inaugurated March 4, 1829. He was
born in Mecklenburg county, N. C., March 15, 1767,
and died at the Hermitage, Tenn., June 8, 1845.
John Caldwell Calhoun, Yice-President, until his
resignation, Dec. 28, 1832.
POPULAR VOTE. For President, Andrew Jackson,
650,028 ; John Quincy Adams, 512,158.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Andrew Jack-
son, 178 ; J. Q. Adams, 83. Total, 261. Twenty-
four States voting.
For Yice-President, John C. Calhoun, 171 ;
Richard Rush, Pennsylvania, 83 ; Wm. Smith,
South Carolina, 7.
PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 161
1833 to 1837. Andrew Jackson, President,
inaugurated March 4, 1833.
Martin Yan Buren, of New York, Yice-Presi-
dent. He was born at Kinderhook, N. Y., Dec. 5,
1782.
POPULAR VOTE. For President, Andrew Jackson,
687,502 ; Henry Clay, 550,189 ; Opposition, (John
Floyd, Virginia, and Wm. Wirt, Maryland,) 33,108.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Andrew Jack-
son, 219 ; Henry Clay, 49 ; John Floyd, 11 ; Wm.
Wirt, 7. Total 288. Twenty-four States voting.
For Yice-President, Martin Yan Buren, 189 ;
John Sergeant, Pennsylvania, 49 ; William Wilkins,
Pennsylvania, 30 ; Henry Lee, Massachusetts, 11 ;
Amos Ellin aker, Pennsylvania, 7.
1837 to 1841. Martin Yan Buren, President,
inaugurated March 4, 1837.
Richard M. Johnson, of Kentucky, Yice-Presi-
dent. He was born in 1780, and died Nov. 19, 1850.
POPULAR VOTE. For President, Martin Yan
Buren, 762,149 ; Opposition, (Wm. H. Harrison,
Hugh L. White, Daniel Webster, W. P. Mangum,)
736,736.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Martin Yan
Buren, 170 ; Win. H. Harrison, Ohio, 73 ; Hugh L.
White, Tennessee, 26 ; Daniel Webster, Massachu-
setts, 14 ; W. P. Mangum, 11. Total, 294. Twenty-
six States voting.
For Yice-President, Richard M. Johnson, Ken-
tucky, 147 ; Francis Granger, New York, 77 ; John
Tyler, Yirginia, 47 ; Wm. Smith, Alabama, 23.
162 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
1841 to 1845 Wm. Henry Harrison, of Ohio,
President, until his death, at "Washington, April 4,
1841. He was inaugurated March 4, 1841. He
was born in Berkeley county, Ya., Feb. 9, 1773.
John Tyler, of Virginia, Yice-President. He
was born April, 1790, at Greenway, Charles City
county, Ya.
John Tyler, of Yirginia, became President by the
death of W. H. Harrison. He took the oath of
office April 6, 1841.
POPULAR VOTE Nov. 1840. For President, Wm.
Henry Harrison, 1,274,783; Martin Yan Buren,
1,128,702 ; James G. Birney, New York, (Abolition,)
7,609.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, W. H. Harri-
son, 234; M. Yan Buren, 60. Total, 294. Twenty-
six States voting.
For Yice-President, John Tyler, 234; Eichard
M. Johnson, 48 ; L. W. Tazewell, South Carolina,
11 ; James K. Polk, Tennessee, 1.
1845 to 1849. James Knox Polk, of Tennessee,
President, inaugurated March 4, 1845. He was
born in Mecklenburg county, North Carolina, Nov.
2, 1795, and died at Nashville, Tennessee, June 15,
1849.
George Mifflin Dallas, of Pennsylvania, Yice-
President. Born in Philadelphia, July 10, 1792.
POPULAR VOTE. For President, James K. Polk,
1,335,834; Henry Clay, 1,297,033; James G.
Birney, 62,290.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James K. Polk,
PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 163
170; Henry Clay, 105. Total, 275. Twenty-six
States voting.
For Yice-President, George M. Dallas, 170;
Theodore Frelinghuysen, of New Jersey, 105.
1849 to 1853. Zachary Taylor, of Louisiana,
President, inaugurated March 4, 1849. Born in
Virginia, 1784, died in Washington City, July 9,
1850.
Millard Fillmore, of 'New York, Yice-President.
Born in Locke township, Cayuga county, N. Y.,
Jan. 7, 1800.
Millard Fillmore, President, after the death of
Zachary Taylor, July 9, 1850. He took the oath of
office, July 10, 1850.
POPULAR VOTE. For President, Zachary Taylor,
1,362,031; Lewis Cass, of Michigan, 1,222,445;
Martin Yan Buren, (Free-Soil,) 291,455.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Zachary Taylor,
163 ; Lewis Cass, 127. Total, 290. Thirty States
voting.
For Yice-President, Millard FiUmore, 163 ; Wil-
liam O. Butler, Kentucky, 127.
1853 to 1857. Franklin Pierce, of New Hamp-
shire, President, inaugurated March 5, 1853. He
was born at Hillsboro, N. H., Nov. 23, 1804.
William R. King, of Alabama, Yice-President.
He was born in North Carolina, April 7, 1786, died
at Cahawba, Ala., April 18, 1853.
POPULAR VOTE. For President, Franklin Pierce,
1,590,490; Winfield Scott, 1,378,589; John P.
Hale, New Hampshire, (Abolition,) 157,296.
164 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
ELECTORAL VOTE.- For President, Franklin
Pierce, 254 ; Winfield Scott of New Jersey, 42.
Total, 296. Thirty-one States voting.
For Vice President, Wm. E. King, 254 ; Wm. A.
Graham, North Carolina, 42.
185T to 1861. James Buchanan, of Pennsyl-
vania, President. He was born at Stony Batter,
Franklin county, Penn., April 22, 1791.
John C. Breckenridge, of Kentucky, Yice-Presi-
dent. Born near Lexington, Kentucky, Jan. 21,
1820.
POPULAR VOTE. For President, James Buchanan,
Pemocratic.) 1,832,232; John C. Fremont, Cali-
fornia, (Republican,) 1,341,514; Millard Fillmore,
New York, (American,) 874,707.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, James Bu-
chanan, 174 ; John C. Fremont, 109 ; Millard Fill-
more, 8. Total, 291. Thirty-one States voting.
For Yice-President, John Breckenridge, 174 ;
Wm. L. Dayton, New Jersey, 109 ; A. J. Donelson,
Tennessee, 8. Total, 291.
1861 to 1865. Abraham Lincoln, of Illinois,
President, inaugurated March 4, 1861. He was
born near Muldraugh's Hill, Hardin county, Ky.,
Feb. 1809.
Hannibal Hamlin, of Maine, Yice-President.
He was born at Paris, Oxford county, Me., Aug. 27,
1809.
POPULAR VOTE. For President, Abraham Lin-
coln, (Republican,) 1,857,610 ; Stephen A. Douglas,
of Illinois, (Democratic,) 1,365,976 ; John C. Breck-
PRESIDENTS AND VICE-PRESIDENTS. 165
enridge, of Kentucky, (Democratic,) 847,953 ; John
Bell, of Tennessee, (Constitutional Union,) 590,631.
ELECTORAL VOTE. For President, Abraham Lin-
coln, 180; John C. Breckinridge, 72; John Bell,
39 ; Stephen A. Douglas, 12. Total, 291. Thirty-
three States voting.
For Yice-President, Hannibal Hamlin, Maine,
180; Joseph Lane, Oregon, 72; Edward Everett,
Massachusetts, 39 ; Herschel Y. Johnson, Georgia,
12.
1865 to 1869. Abraham Lincoln, President,
inaugurated March 4, 1865.
Andrew Johnson, of Tennessee, Yice-President.
POPULAR VOTE. For President, Abraham Lincoln,
(Republican,) 3,213,035; George B. McClellan,
(Democrat,) 1,811,754.
Upon the assassination of President Lincoln,
April 14, 1865, Andrew Johnson, then Yice-Presi-
dent, assumed the Presidency, and Lafayette S.
Foster, of Norwich, Conn., President of the Senate,
became Yice-President.
166 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
POPULAE NAMES OF STATES,
Virginia, the Old Dominion.
Massachusetts, the Bay State.
Maine, the Border State.
Ehode Island, Little Bhody.
New York, the Empire State.
New Hampshire, the Granite State.
Vermont, the Green Mountain State.
Connecticut, the Land of Steady Habits.
Pennsylvania, the Keystone State.
North Carolina, the Old North State.
Ohio, the Buckeye State.
South Carolina, the Palmetto State.
Michigan, the Wolverine State.
Kentucky, the Corn-Cracker.
Delaware, the Blue Hen's Chicken.
Missouri, the Puke State.
Indiana, the Hoosier State.
Illinois, the Sucker State.
Iowa, the Hawkey e State.
Wisconsin, the Badger State.
Florida, the Peninsular State.
Texas, the Lone Star State.
POPULAR NAMES OF STATES. 167
Mississippi, the Bayou State.
Louisiana, the Creole State.
Tennessee, the Big Bend State.
Arkansas, the Bear State.
California, the Golden State.
168 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
NEUTKALITY LAW OF THE UNITED STATES,
AS AMENDED AND APPBOVED BY OONGEESS, JULY 26, 1866.
A Bill more effectually to preserve the neutral rela-
tions of the United States.
Be it enacted, <&c., That if any citizen of the
United States shall, within the territory or jurisdic-
tion thereof, accept and exercise a commission to
serve a foreign prince, State, colony, district, or peo-
ple in war by land or by sea against any prince,
State, colony, district or people with whom the
United States are at peace, the person so offending
shall be deemed guilty of a -misdemeanor, and shall
on conviction thereof be punished by a fine of not
exceeding $2,000 and imprisonment not exceeding
two years, or either, at the discretion of the Court in
which such offender may be convicted.
SEC. 2. And le it further enacted, That if any
NEUTRALITY LAW. 169
person shall, within the territory or jurisdiction of
the United States enlist, or enter himself, or hire or
retain another person to enlist or enter himself, or to
go beyond the limits or jurisdiction of the United
States, with intent to be enlisted or entered into the
service of any foreign prince, State, colony, district
or people as a soldier, or as a marine or seaman on
board of any vessel-of-war, letter-of-marque or priva-
teer, every person so offending shall be deemed guilty
of a misdemeanor, and shall upon conviction therefor
be punished by fine not exceeding $1,000, and im-
prisonment not exceeding two years, or either of
them, at the discretion of the Court, in case such
offender shall be convicted; provided that this act
shall not be construed to extend to any subject or
citizen of any foreign prince, State, colony, district
or people, who shall transiently be within the United
States, and shall be on board of any vessel of war,
letter-of-marque or privateer, which, at the time of
its arrival within the United States, was fitted and
equipped as such, enlist or enter himself, and hire or
retain another subject or citizen of the same foreign
prince, State, colony, district or people, who is tran-
siently in the United States, to enlist or enter himself
to serve such foreign prince, State, colony, district or
people, on board such vessel of war, letter-of-marque
or privateer, if the United States shall then be at
170 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
peace with such foreign prince, State, colony, district
or people.
SEC. 3. And be it further enacted^ That if any
person shall within the limits of the United States fit
out and arm or attempt to fit out and arm, or pro-
cure to be fitted out and armed, or shall knowingly
be concerned in the furnishing, fitting out and arm-
ing of any ship or vessel with intent that such ship
or vessel shall be employed in the service of any for-
eign prince, State, colony, district or people, to cruise
or commit hostilities against the subjects, citizens or
property of any foreign prince, State, or any colony,
district or people with whom the United States are
at peace, or shall issue or deliver a commission within
the territory or jurisdiction of the United States for
any ship or vessel to the intent that she may be em-
ployed as aforesaid, or shall have on board any per-
son or persons who shall have been enlisted, or shall
have engaged to enlist or serve or shall be departing
from the jurisdiction of the United States with intent
to enlist or serve in contravention of the provisions
of this act, every person so offending shall be deemed
guilty of a misdemeanor, and shall, upon conviction
thereof, be punished by a fine not exceeding $3,000,
and imprisonment not exceeding three years, or
either of them, at the discretion of the Court in
which such offender shall be convicted ; and every
NEUTRALITY LAW. 171
such ship and vessel, with her tackle, apparel and
furniture, together with all materials, arms, ammu-
nition and stores which may have been procured for
the building and equipment thereof, shall be foffeited
to the United States of America.
SEC. 4. And ~be it further enacted ', That it shall
be lawful for any Collector of the Customs who is by
law empowered to make seizures for any forfeiture
incurred under any of the laws of Customs, to seize
such ships and vessels in such places and in such
manner in which the officers of the Customs are em-
powered to make seizures under the law for the col-
lection and protection of the revenue, and that every
such ship and vessel, with the tackle, apparel and
furture, together with all the materials, arms, ammu-
nition and stores which may belong to or be on board
such ship or vessel, may be prosecuted or condemned
for the violation of the provisions of this act in like
manner as ships or vessels may be prosecuted and
condemned for any breach of the laws made for the
collection and protection of the revenue.
SEC. 5. And "be it further enacted. That if any
person shall within the territory or jurisdiction of the
United States, increase or augment, or procure to be
increased or augmented, or shall knowingly be con-
cerned in increasing or augmenting the force of any
ship of war, or cruiser, or other armed vessel, which
172 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
at the time of her arrival within the United States
was a ship of war, or cruiser, or armed vessel in the
service of any. foreign prince, State, colony, district
or pex>ple, or belonged to the subjects or citizens of
any such prince, State, colony, district or people, the
same being at war with any foreign prince, State,
colony, district or people with whom the United
States are at peace, by adding to the number of guns
of such vessel, or by changing those on board of her
for guns of a larger calibre, or by addition thereto of
any equipment solely applicable to war, or shall
have on board any person or persons who shall have
enlisted, or engaged to enlist or serve, or who shall
be departing from the jurisdiction of the United
States with intent to enlist or serve in contravention
of the provisions of this act ; every person so offend-
ing shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor, and
shall upon conviction thereof be punished by fine or
imprisonment, or either of them, at the discretion of
the court in which such offender shall be convicted.
SEC. 6. And be it further enacted, That the Dis-
trict Courts shall take cognizance of all complaints,
informations, indictments, or other prosecutions, by
whomsoever instituted, in cases of captures made
within the waters of the United States or within a
marine league of the coasts or shores thereof.
SEC. Y. And le it further enacted, That in every
NEUTRALITY LAW. 173
case In which a vessel shall be fitted out and armed,
or in which the force of any vessel of war, cruiser, or
other armed vessel shall be increased or augmented,
in every case of the capture of a ship or vessel within
the jurisdiction or protection of the United States, as
before defined, and in every case in which any pro-
cess issuing out of any court of the United States
shall be disobeyed or resisted by any person or per-
sons having the custody of any vessel of war, cruiser
or other armed vessel of any prince or State, or of
any colony, district or people, or of any subjects or
citizens of any foreign prince, State, or of any colony,
district or people in any such case, it shall be lawful
for the President of the United States, or such other
person as he shall have empowered for that purpose
to employ such part of the land and naval forces of
the United States or of the militia thereof, for the
purpose of taking of and detaining any such ship or
vessel with her prize or prizes, if any, in order to
the execution of the prohibition or penalties of this
act, and to the restoring the prize or prizes in the
cases in which restoration shall have been adjudged.
SEC. 8. And "be it fuiher enacted, That it shall
be lawful for the President of the United States, or
such person as he shall empower for that purpose,
to employ such part of the land and naval forces of
the United States, or of the militia thereof, as shall
174: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
be necessary to compel any foreign ship or vessel to
depart the United States in all cases in which, by
the laws of nations or the treaties of the United
States they ought not to remain within the United
States.
SEC. 9. And "be it further enacted, That offences
made punishable by the provisions of this act, com-
mitted by citizens of the United States, beyond the
jurisdiction of the Uuited States, may be prosecuted
and tried before any court having jurisdiction of the
offences prohibited by this act.
SEC. 10. And fie it further enacted, That noth-
ing in this act shall be so construed as to prohibit
citizens of the United States from selling vessels,
ships or steamers built within the limits thereof, or
materials or munitions of war, the growth or product
of the same, to inhabitants of other countries, or to
Governments not at war with the United States :
provided that the operation of this section of this act
shall be suspended by the President of the United
States with regard to any classes of purchases, when-
ever the United States shall be engaged in war, or
whenever the maintenance of friendly relations with
any foreign nation may in his judgment require it.
SEC. 11. And fie it further enacted, That noth-
ing in the foregoing act shall be construed to prevent
the prosecution or punishment of treason, or any
NEUTRALITY LAW. 175
piracy or other felony defined by the laws of the
United States.
SEC. 12. And be it further enacted. That all acts
and parts of acts inconsistent with the provisions of
this act or inflicting any further or other penalty or
forfeiture than are hereinbefore provided for. The
acts forbidden herein are hereby repealed.
176
NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
POPULATION OF THE UNITED STATES.
STATES. 1850. 1860.
Alabama 771,623 964,296
Arkansas 209,897 435,427
California 92,597 380,015
Connecticut 370, 792 460, 151
Delaware 91,532 112,218
Florida 87,445 140,439
Georgia 906,185 1,057,327
Illinois 851,470 1,711,753
Indiana 988,416 1,350,479
Iowa 192,214 674,948
Kansas 107,710
Kentucky 982,405 1,155,713
Louisiana 517,762 709,433
Maine 583,169 628,276
Maryland 583,034 687,034
Massachusetts 994,514 1,231,065
Michigan 397,654 749,112
Minnesota G,077 162,022
Mississipi 606,026 791,895
Missouri 682,044 1,173,317
New Hampshire 317,976 326,072
New Jersey 489,555 672,031
New York 3,097,394 3,887,542
North Carolina 869,039 992,667
Ohio 1,980,329 2,339,599
SLAVE POPULATION.
177
STATES. 1850. 1860.
Oregon 12,093 52,464
Pennsylvania 2,311,786 2,906,370
Rhode Island 147, 545 174, 621
South Carolina 668,507 703,812
Tennessee 1,002,717 1,109,847
Texas 212,592 601,039
Vermont 314,120 315,116
Virginia 1,421,661 1,596,083
"Wisconsin 305,391 775,873
TEEMTOEIES, ETC.
Colorado 34,197
Dakotah 4,889
Nebraska 28,842
Nevada 6,857
New Mexico 61,547 93,541
Utah 11,380 . 40,295
Washington 1,201 11,578
District of Columbia 51,687 75, 076
Total 23,191,876 31,429,891
SLAVE POPULATION IN THE U. S. IN 1860.
STATES. 1850. 1860.
Alabama 342,844 435,132
Arkansas. 47,100 111,104
Delaware 2,290 1,798
Florida 39,310 61,753
Georgia 381,682 462,230
Kentucky' 210,981 225,490
Louisiana 244,809 332,520
Maryland 90,368 87,188
Mississippi 309,878 436,696
Missouri 87,422 114,965
178 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
STATES. 1850.
North Carolina .............. 288,548
South Carolina .............. 384, 984
Tennessee .................. 239,459
Texas ..................... 58,161
Virginia .................... 472,528
Nebraska (Territory) ..........
Utah " ..........
New Mexico " ........ 26
District of Columbia ......... 3,687
Total ........ 3,204,077 3,952,801
STATISTICS OF SLAVERY BEFORE THE
REVOLUTION..
AMEBIOAN 8LAVEEY IN 1715.
In the reign of George I., the ascertained popula-
tion of the Continental Colonies was as follows :
White Men. Negro Slaves.
New Hampshire 9,500 150
Massachusetts 94,000 2,000
Rhode Island 7,500 500
Connecticut 46,000 1,500
New York 27,000 4,000
Pennsylvania 43,300 2,500
New Jersey 21,000 1,500
Maryland 40,700 9,400
Virginia 72,000 23,000
North Carolina 7, 500 3 , 700
South Carolina 6,250 10,500
Total 875,000 58,550
SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 179
SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS.
DELIVERED AT CHICAGO, MAT 1ST, 1861.
MR. CHAIRMAN : I tliank you for the kind terms
in which you have been pleased to welcome me. I
thank the Committee and citizens of Chicago for this
grand and imposing reception. I beg you to believe
that I will not do you nor myself the injustice to
believe this magnificent ovation is personal homage
to myself. I rejoice to know that it expresses your
devotion to the Constitution, the Union, and the flag
of our country. (Cheers.)
I will not conceal gratification at the uncontro-
vertible test this vast audience presents that what
political differences or party questions may have
divided us, yet you all had a conviction that when
the country should be in danger, my loyalty could be
relied on. That the present danger is imminent, no
man can conceal. If war must come if the bayonet
must be used to maintain the Constitution I can
1.80 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
say before God *ny conscience is clean. I have
struggled long for a peaceful solution of the difficulty.
I have not only tendered those States what was
theirs of right, but I have gone to the very extreme
of magnanimity.
The return we receive is war, armies marched
upon our capital, obstructions and dangers to our
navigation, letters of marque to invite pirates to prey
upon our commerce, a concerted movement to blot
out the United States of America from the map of
the globe. The question is, Are we to maintain the
country of our fathers, or allow it to be stricken
down by those who, when they can no longer govern,
threaten to destroy ?
"What cause, what excuse do disunionists give us
for breaking up the best Government on which the
sun of heaven ever shed its rays ? They are dissatis-
fied with the result of a Presidential election. Did
they never get beaten before ? Are we to resort to
the sword when we get defeated at the ballot box ?
I understand it that the voice of the people expressed
in the mode appointed by the Constitution must
command the obedience of every citizen. They
assume, on the election of a particular candidate,
that their rights are not safe in the Union. "What
evidence do they present of this ? I defy any man
to show any act on which it is based. What act has
SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 181
been omitted to be done ? I appeal to these assem-
bled thousands that so far as the constitutional rights
of the Southern States, I will say the constitutional
rights of slaveholders, are concerned, nothing has
been done, and nothing omitted, of which they can
complain.
There has never been a time from the day that
Washington was inaugurated first President of these
United States, when the rights of the Southern
States stood firmer under the laws of the land than
they do now ; there never was a time when they had
not as good a cause for disunion as they have to-day.
What good cause have they now that has not existed
under every Administration ?
If they say the Territorial question now, for the
first time, there is no act of Congress prohibiting
slavery anywhere. If it be the non-enforcement of
the laws, the only complaints that I have heard have
been of the too vigorous and faithful fulfilment of
the Fugitive Slave Law. Then what reason have
they?
The slavery question is a mere excuse. The
election of Lincoln is a mere pretext. The present
secession movement is the result of an enormous con-
spiracy formed more than a year since formed by
leaders in the Southern Confederacy more than
twelve mouths ago.
182 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
They use the Slavery question as a means to aid
the accomplishment of their ends. They desired the
election of a Northern candidate, by a sectional vote,
in order to show that the two sections cannot live
together. When the history of the two years from
the Lecompton charter down to the Presidential
election shall be written, it will be shown that the
scheme was deliberately made to break np this
Union.
They desired a Northern Republican to be elected
by a purely Northern vote, and then assign this fact
as a reason why the sections may not longer live
together. If the disunion candidate in the late Presi-
dential contest had carried the united South, their
scheme was, the Northern candidate successful, to
seize the Capital last spring, and by a united South
and divided North hold it. That scheme was
defeated in the defeat of the disunion candidate in
several of the Southern States.
But this is no time for a detail of causes. The
conspiracy is now known. Armies have been raised,
war is levied to accomplish it. There are only two
sides to the question. Every man must be for the
United States or against it. There can be no neu-
trals in this war ; only patriots or traitors.
Thank God, Illinois is not divided on this ques-
tion. (Cheers.) I know they expected to present a
SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 183
united South against a divided North. They hoped
in the Northern States, party questions would bring
civil war between Democrats and Republicans, when
the South would step in with her cohorts, aid one
party to conquer the other, and then make easy prey
of the victors. Their scheme was carnage and civil
war in the North.
There is but one way to defeat this. In Illinois
it .is being so defeated by closing up the ranks. War
will thus be prevented on our own soil. While there
was a hope of peace, I was ready for any reasonable
sacrifice or compromise to maintain it. But when
the question comes of war in the cotton-fields of the
South, or the corn-fields of Illinois, I say the farther
off the better.
We can not close our eyes to the sad and solemn
fact that war does exist. The Government must be
maintained, its enemies overthrown, and the more
stupendous our preparations the less the bloodshed,
and the shorter the struggle. But we must remember
certain restraints on our action even in time of war.
We are a Christian people, and the war must be
prosecuted in a manner recognized by Christian
nations.
We must not invade Constitutional rights. The
innocent must not suffer, nor women and children be
the victims. Savages must not be let loose. But
184: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
while I sanction no war on the rights of others, I will
implore my countrymen not to lay down their arms
until our own rights are recognized. (Cheers.)
The Constitution and its guarantees are our birth-
right, and I am ready to enforce that inalienable
right to the last extent. "We can not recognize seces-
sion. Recognize it once, and you have not only
dissolved government, bat you have destroyed social
order upturned the foundations of society. You
have inaugurated anarchy in its worst form, and will
shortly experience all the horrors of the French
Revolution.
Then we have a solemn duty to maintain the
Government. The greater our unanimity, the
speedier the day of peace. "We have prejudices to
overcome from the few short months since of a fierce
party contest. Yet these must be allayed. Let us
lay aside all criminations and recriminations as to
the origin of these difficulties. When we shall have
again a country with the United States flag floating
over it, and respected on every inch of American
soil, it will then be time enough to ask who and
what brought all this upon us.
I have said more than I intended to say. (Cries
of " Go on.") It is a sad task to discuss questions so
fearful as civil war ; but sad as it is, bloody and dis-
astrous as I expect it will be, I express it as my
SPEECH OF HON. STEPHEN A. DOUGLAS. 185
conviction before God, that it is the duty of every
American citizen to rally round the flag of his
country.
I thank you again for this magnificent demonstra-
tion. By it you show you have laid aside party
strife. Illinois has a proud position United, firm,
determined never to permit the Government to be
destroyed. (Prolonged cheering.)
186 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S FIEST CALL FOE
TEOOPS,
APEIL 15TH, 1861.
Whereas, the laws of the United States have been
for some time past, and now are, opposed, and the
execution thereof obstructed, in the States of South
Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Mississippi,
Louisiana, and Texas, by combinations too powerful
to be suppressed by the ordinary course of judicial
proceedings, or by the powers vested in the marshals
by law ; now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, Presi-
dent of the United States, in virtue of the power in
me vested by the Constitution and the laws, have
thought fit to call forth the Militia of*the several
States of the Union to the aggregate number of
75,000, in order to suppress said combinations, and
to cause the laws to be duly executed.
The details for this object will be immediately
communicated to the State authorities through the
PRESIDENT LINCOLN'S CALL FOR TROOPS. 187
War Department. I appeal to all loyal citizens to
favor, facilitate, and aid, this effort to maintain the
honor, the integrity, and existence, of our national
Union, and the perpetuity of popular govemrnent,
and to redress wrongs already long enough endured.
I deem it proper to say that the first service assigned
to the forces hereby called forth will probably be to
repossess the forts, places, and property which have
been seized from the Union ; and in every event the
utmost care will be observed, consistently with the
objects aforesaid, to avoid any devastation, any
destruction of, or interference with property, or any
disturbance of peaceful citizens of any part of the
country ; and I hereby command the persons compos-
ing .the combinations aforesaid, to disperse and retire
peaceably to their respective abodes, within twenty
days from this date.
Deeming that the present condition of public
affairs presents an extraordinary occasion, I do hereby,
in virtue of the power in me vested by the Constitu-
tion, convene both houses of Congress. The Sena-
tors and Representatives are, therefore, summoned to
assemble at their respective chambers at twelve
o'clock, noon, on Thursday, the fourth day of July
next, then and there to consider and determine such
measures as, in their wisdom, the public safety and
interest may seem to demand.
188 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
In witness whereof, I have hereunto set my hand,
and caused the seal of the United States to be affixed.
Done at the City of "Washington, this fifteenth day
of April, in the year of our Lord, one thousand
eight hundred and sixty-one, and of the independ-
ence of the United States the eighty-fifth.
ABEAHAM LINCOLN.
J3y the President.
WILLIAM H. SEWAKD, Secretary of State.
TOTAL NUMBER OF TROOPS CALLED INTO SERVICE
DURING THE REBELLION.
THE various calls of the President for men were
as follows :
1861, 3 months' men, ' . . . . 75,000
1861, 3 years' men, 500,000
1862, 3 years' men, . . .,."; . 300,000
1862, 9 months' men, . ". .' . . 300,000
1864, 3 years' men, February, . . . 500,000
1864, 3 years' men, March, . . . 200,000
1864, 3 years' men, July, . . .. 500,000
1864, 3 years' men, December, . . 300,000
Total, . . . 2,675,000
These do not include the militia that were
brought into service during the various invasions of
Lee's armies into Maryland and Pennsylvania.
N. Y. f!H\MHER OF COMMERCE RESOLUTIONS. 189
KESOLUTIONS OF THE N, Y, CHAMBER OF
COMMEEOE,
SUSTAINING THE FEDERAL GOVEENMENT AND UEGING A STEIOT
BLOCKADE OF SOUTHEEN POETS, APEIL 19TH, 1861.
Whereas^ Our country has, in the course of
events, reached a crisis unprecedented in its past
history, exposing it to extreme dangers, and involv-
ing the most momentous results ; and Whereas, The
President of the United States has, by his Proclama-
tion, made known the dangers which threaten the
stability of Government, and called upon the people
to rally in support of the Constitution and laws ; and
Whereas, The merchants of New York, represented
in this Chamber, have a deep stake in the results
which may flow from the present exposed state of
national affairs, as well as a jealous regard for the
honor of that flag under whose protection they have
extended the commerce of this city to the remotest
part of the world ; therefore,
190 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Resolved, That this Chamber, alive to the perils
which have been gathering around our cherished
form of Government and menacing its overthrow,
has witnessed with lively satisfaction the determina-
tion of the President to maintain the Constitution
and vindicate the supremacy of Government and
law at every hazard. (Cheers.)
Resolved^ That the so-called secession of some ot
the Southern States having at last culminated in
open war against the United States, the American
people can no longer defer their decision between
anarchy or despotism on the one side, and on the
other liberty, order, and law under the most benign
Government the world has ever known.
Resolved, That this Chamber, forgetful of past
differences of political opinion among its members,
will, with unanimity and patriotic ardor, support the
Government in this great crisis: and it hereby
pledges its best efforts to sustain its credit and facili-
tate its financial operations. It also confidently
appeals to all men of wealth to join in these efforts.
(Applause.)
Resolved^ That while deploring the advent of
civil war which has been precipitated on the country
by the madness of the South, the Chamber is per-
suaded that policy and humanity alike demand that
it should be met by the most prompt and energetic
N. Y. CHAMBER OF COMMEECE EESOLUTIONS. 191
measures ; and it accordingly recommends to Gov-
ernment the instant adoption and prosecution of a
policy so vigorous and resistless, that it will crush
out treason now arid forever. (Applause.)
Itesolved, That the proposition of Mr. Jefferson
Davis to issue letters of marque to whosoever may
apply for them, emanating from no recognized Gov-
ernment, is not only without the sanction of public
law, but piratical in its tendencies, and therefore
deserving the stern condemnation of the civilized
world. It cannot result in the fitting out of regular
privateers, but may, in infesting the ocean with
piratical cruisers, armed with traitorous commissions,
to despoil our commerce and that of all other
maritime nations. (Applause.)
JResolved, That in view of this threatening evil, it
is, in the opinion of this Chamber, the duty of our
Government to issue at once a proclamation, warning
all persons, that privateering under the commissions
proposed will be dealt with as simple piracy. It
owes this duty not merely to itself, but to other
maritime nations, who have a right to demand that
the United States Government shall promptly discoun-
tenance every attempt within its borders to legalize
piracy. It should, also, at the earliest moment, block-
ade every Southern port, so as to prevent the egress
and ingress of such vessels. (Immense applause.)
192 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
JResolved, That the Secretary be directed to send
copies of these resolutions to the Chambers of Com-
merce of other cities, inviting their co-operation in
such measures as may be deemed effective in
strengthening the hands of Government in this
emergency.
Resolved, That a copy of these resolutions, duly
attested by the officers of the Chamber, be forwarded
to the President of the United States.
BLOCKADE RESOLUTIONS.
Whereas, War against the Constitution and Gov-
ernment of these United States has been commenced,
and is carried on by certain combinations of indi-
viduals, assuming to act for States at the South
claiming to have seceded from the United States ;
and
Whereas, Such combinations have officially pro-
mulgated an invitation for the enrollment of vessels,
to act under their authorization, and as so-called
" privateers," against the flag and commerce of the
United States ; therefore,
fiesolved, by the Chamber of Commerce of the
State of New York, That the United States Govern-
ment be recommended and urged to blockade the
ports of such States, or any other State that shall
N. T. CHAMBER OF COMMERCE RESOLUTIONS. 193
join them, and that this measure is demanded for
defence in war, as also for protection to the commerce
of the United States against these so-called " priva-
teers " invited to enrol under the ^authority of such
States.
Resolved, That the Chamber of Commerce of
the State of New York pledges its hearty and cor-
dial support to such measures as the Government of
the United States may, in its wisdom, inaugurate
and carry through in the blockade of such ports.
194: NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
A PROCLAMATION,
BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OP AMEBIOA,
BLOCKADING THE 8OTTTHEBN POETS.
Whereas an insurrection against the Government
of the United States has broken out in the States of
South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Florida, Missis-
sippi, Louisiana, and Texas, and the laws of the
United States for the collection of the revenue can
not be efficiently executed therein conformably to
that provision of the Constitution which requires
duties to be uniform throughout the United States :
And Whereas a combination of persons, engaged
in such insurrection, have threatened to grant pre-
tended letters of marque *to authorize- the bearers
thereof to commit assaults on the lives, vessels, and
property of good citizens of the country lawfully
engaged in commerce on the high seas, and in waters
of the United States :
And Whereas an Executive Proclamation has
BLOCKADE PROCLAMATION. 195
been already issued, requiring the persons engaged
in these disorderly proceedings to desist therefrom,
calling out a militia force for the purpose of repress-
ing the same, and convening Congress in extraordi-
nary session to deliberate and determine thereon :
"Now, therefore, I, Abraham Lincoln, President
of the United States, with a view to the same pur-
poses before mentioned, and to the protection of the
public peace, and the lives and property of quiet
and orderly citizens pursuing their lawful occupa-
tions, until Congress shall have assembled and
deliberated on the said unlawful proceedings, or
until the same shall have ceased, have further
deemed advisable to set on foot a Blockade of the
ports within the States aforesaid, in pursuance of the
laws of the United States and of the laws of nations
in such cases provided. For this purpose a compe-
tent force will be posted so as to prevent entrance
and exit of vessels from the ports aforesaid. If,
therefore, with a view to violate such Blockade, a
vessel shall approach, or shall attempt to leave any
of the said ports, she will be duly warned by the
Commander of one of the blockading vessels, who
will endorse on her register the fact and date of such
warning ; and if the same vessel shall again attempt
to enter or leave the blockaded port, she will be cap-
tured and sent to the nearest convenient port, for
196 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
such proceedings against her and her cargo as prize
as may be deemed advisable.
And I hereby proclaim and declare, that if any
person, under the pretended authority of said States,
or under any other pretence, shall molest a vessel of
the United States, or the persons or cargo on board
of her, such person will be held amenable to the
laws of the "United States for the prevention and
punishment of piracy.
ABRAHAM LINCOLN.
By the President.
WILLIAM H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
WASHINGTON, April 19, 1861.
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION; 197
THE EMANCIPATION PKOOLAMATION.
BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMEEIOA.
WHEREAS, on the twenty-second day of Septem-
ber, in the year of our Lord one thousand eight hun-
dred and sixty-two, a Proclamation was issued by
the President of the United States, containing among
other things the following, to wit :
" That on the first day of January, in the year
of our Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-
three, all persons held as slaves within any State, or
designated part of a State, the people whereof shall
then be in rebellion against the United States, shall
be then, thenceforth and FOREVER FREE, and the
Executive Government of the United States, includ-
ing the military and naval authorities thereof, will
recognize and maintain the freedom of such persons,
and will do no act or acts to repress such persons, or
any of them, in any efforts they may make for their
actual freedom.
"That the Executive will, on the first day of
198 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
January aforesaid, by proclamatioD, designate the
States and parts of States, if any, in which the people
thereof respectively shall then be in rebellion against
the United States, and the fact that any State, or
the people thereof, shall on that day be in good faith
represented in- the Congress of the United States by
members chosen thereto at elections wherein a ma-
jority of the qualified voters of such State shall have
participated, shall, in the absence of strong counter-
vailing testimony, be deemed conclusive evidence
that such State and the people thereof are not then
in rebellion against the United States."
Now, therefore, I, ABEAHAM LINCOLN,
President of the United States, by virtue of the
power in me vested as Commander-in-Chief of the
Army and Navy of the United States in time of
actual armed rebellion against the authority and
government of the United States, and as a fit and
necessary war measure for suppressing said rebellion,
do, on this first day of January, in the year of our
Lord one thousand eight hundred and sixty-three,
and in accordance with my purpose so to do, publicly
proclaim for the full period of one hundred days
from the day of the first above mentioned order, and
designate, as the States and parts of States wherein
the people thereof respectively are this day in rebel-
lion against the United States, the following, to wit :
THE EMANCIPATION PROCLAMATION. 199
AEKANSAS, TEXAS, LOUISIANA, (except the
Parishes of St. Bernard, Plaquemines, Jefferson, St.
John, St. Charles, St. James, Ascension, Assumption,
Terre Bonne, Lafourche, St. Mary, St. Martin, and
Orleans, including the City of Orleans), MISSIS-
SIPPI, ALABAMA, FLOEIDA, GEOKGIA,
SOUTH CAEOLINA, NOETH CAEOLESTA, and
YIEGINIA (except the forty-eight counties desig-
nated as West Virginia, and also the counties of
Berkley, Accomac, Northampton, Elizabeth City,
York, Princess Ann, and Norfolk, including the
cities of Norfolk and Portsmouth), and which ex-
cepted parts are, for the present, left precisely as if
this Proclamation were not issued.
And by virtue of the power and for the purpose
aforesaid, I do order and declare that ALL PEESONS
HELD AS SLAVES within said designated States and
parts of States ABE, AND HENCEFORWARD SHALL BE
FEEE ! and that the Executive Goyernment of the
United States, including the military and naval au-
thorities thereof, will recognize and maintain the
freedom of said persons.
And I hereby enjoin upon the people so declared
to be free, to abstain from all violence, unless in
necessary self-defence, and I recommend to them
that in all cases, when allowed, they labor faithfully
for reasonable wages.
200 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
And I further declare and make known that such
persons of suitable condition will be received into
the armed service of the United States to garrison
forts, positions, stations and other places, and to man
vessels of all sorts in said service.
And upon this act, sincerely believed to be an
act of justice, warranted by the Constitution, upon
military necessity, I invoke the considerate judg-
ment of mankind and the gracious favor of Al-
mighty God.
In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my
name, and caused the seal of the United States to be
affixed.
Done at the City of Washington, this first day
of January, in the year of our Lord one
[L. B.] thousand eight hundred and sixty-three,
and of the Independence of the United
States the eighty-seventh.
ABKAHAM LINCOLN.
By the President.
WILLIAM H. SEWARD,
Secretary of State.
THE CONFISCATION ACT. 203
THE CONFISCATION ACT.
TO CONFISCATE PBOPEBTY USED FOB INSUBKEOTIONABY PUEPOSES.
Be it enacted, etc.. That if, during the present or
any future insurrection against the Government of
the United States, after the President of the United
States shall have declared, by proclamation, that the
laws of the United States are opposed, and the exe-
cution thereof obstructed, by combinations too pow-
erful to be suppressed by the ordinary course of
judicial proceedings, or by the power vested in the
marshals by law, any person or persons, his, her, or
their agent, attorney, or employee, shall purchase or
acquire, sell or give any property of whatsoever kind
or description, with intent to use or employ the
same, or suffer the same to be used or employed, in
aiding, abetting, or promoting such insurrection or
resistance to the laws, or any person or persons en-
gaged therein ; or if any person or persons, being the
202 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
owner or owners of any such property, shall know-
ingly use or employ, or consent to the use or employ-
ment of the same as aforesaid, all such property is
hereby declared to be lawful subject of prize and
capture wherever found ; and it shall be the duty of
the President of the United States to cause the same
to be seized, confiscated, and condemned.
SEC. 2. Such prizes and capture shall be con-
demned in the district or circuit court of the United
States, having jurisdiction of the amount, or in admi-
ralty in any district in which the same may be seized,
or into which they may be taken and proceedings
first instituted.
SEC. 3. The Attorney-General, or any district
attorney of the United States in which said property
may at the time be, may institute the proceedings of
condemnation, and in such case they shall be wholly
for the benefit of the United States ; or any person
may file an information with such attorney, in which
case the proceedings shall be for the use of such in-
former and the United States in equal parts.
SEC. 4. Whenever hereafter, during the present
insurrection against the Government of the United
States, any person claimed to be held to labor or ser-
vice under the law of any State, shall be required or
permitted by the person to whom such labor or ser-
vice is claimed to be due, or by the lawful agent of
THE CONFISCATION ACT. 203
such persons, to take up arms against the United
States, or shall be required or permitted by the per-
son to whom such labor or service is claimed to be
due, or his lawful agent, to work or to be employed
in or upon any fort, navy yard, dock, armory, ship,
intrenchment, or in any military or naval service
whatsoever, against the Government and lawful au-
thority of the United States, then, and in every such
case, the person to whom such labor or service is
claimed to be due, shall forfeit his claim to such labor,
any law of the State or of the United States to the
contrary notwithstanding. And whenever thereafter
the person claiming such labor or service shall seek
to enforce his claim, it shall be a full and sufficient
answer to such claim that the person whose service
or labor is claimed had been employed in the hostile
se-rvice against the Government of the United States,
contrary to the provisions of this act.
204 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
FIEST INAUGUBAL ADDEESS OF PEESIDENT
LINCOLN
MABOH 4TH, 1861.
' Fellow- Citizens of the United States :
In compliance with a custom as old as the Gov-
ernment itself, I appear before you to address you
briefly, and to take, in your presence, the oath pre-
scribed by the Constitution of the United States to
be taken by the President, before he enters on the
execution of his office.
I do not consider it necessary, at present, for me
to discuss those matters of administration about
which there is no special anxiety or excitement.
Apprehension seems to exist among the people of the
Southern States, that, by the accession of a Repub-
lican Administration, their property and their peace
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 205
and personal security are to be endangered. There
has never been any reasonable cause for such appre-
hension. Indeed, the most ample evidence to the
contrary has all the while existed, and been open to
their inspection. It is found in nearly all the pub-
lished speeches of him who now addresses you. I
do but quote from one of those speeches, when I
declare that " I have no purpose, directly or indi-
rectly, to interfere with the institution of slavery in
the States where it exists." I believe I have no
lawful right to do so ; and I have no inclination to
do so. Those who nominated and elected me, did so
with the full knowledge that I had made this, and
made many similar declarations, and had never re-
canted them. And, more than this, they placed in
the platform, for my acceptance, and as a law to
themselves and to me, the clear and emphatic resolu-
tion which I now read :
"Resolved, That the maintenance inviolate of the
rights of the States, and especially the right of each
State to order and control its own domestic institu-
tions according to its own judgment exclusively, is
essential to that balance of power on which the per-
fection and endurance of our political fabric depend ;
and we denounce the lawless invasion by armed force
of the soil of any State or Territory, no matter under
what pretext, as among the gravest of crimes."
206 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
1 now reiterate these sentiments ; and in doing so
I only press upon the public attention the most con-
clusive evidence of which the case is susceptible, that
the property, peace, aiid security of no section are
to be in anywise endangered by the now incoming
Administration.
I add, too, that all the protection which, consist-
ently with the Constitution and the laws, can be
given will be cheerfully given to all the States when
lawfully demanded, for whatever cause, as cheerfully
to one section as to another.
There is much controvery about the delivering
up of fugitives from service or labor. The clause I
now read is as plainly written in the Constitution as
any other of its provisions :
" No person held to service or labor in one State
under the laws thereof, escaping into another, shall,
in consequence of any law or regulation therein, be
discharged from such service or labor, but shall be
delivered up on claim of the party to whom such
service or labor may be due."
It is scarcely questioned that this provision was
intended by those who made it for the reclaiming of
what we call fugitive slaves ; and the intention of
the lawgiver is the law.
All members of Congress swear their support to
the whole Constitution to this provision as well as
INAUGURAL ADDBESS OF PRESIDENT L.tNCOLN. 207
any other. To the proposition, then, that slaves
whose cases come within the terms of this clause
" shall be delivered up," their oaths are unanimous.
Now, if they would make the effort in good temper,
could they not, with nearly equal unanimity, frame
and pass a law by means of which to keep good that
unanimous oath ?
There is some difference of opinion whether this
clause should be enforced by National or by State
authority ; but surely that difference is not a very
material one. If the slave is to be surrendered, it
can be of but little consequence to him or to others
by which authority it is done ; and should any one,
in any case, be content that this oath shall go unkept
on a merely unsubstantial controversy as to how it
shall be kept ?
Again, in any law upon this subject, ought not
all the safeguards of liberty known in the civilized
and humane jurisprudence to be introduced, so that
a free man be not, in any case, surrendered as a
slave ? And might it not be well at the same time
to provide by law for the enforcement of that clause
in the Constitution which guaranties that " the citi-
zens of each State shall be entitled to all the
privileges and immunities of citizens of the several
States?"
I take the official oath to-day with no mental
208 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
reservations, and with no purpose to construe the
Constitution or laws by any hypercritical rules ; and
while I do not choose now to specify particular acts
of Congress as proper to be enforced, I do suggest
that it will be much safer for all, both in official and
private stations, to conform to and abide by all those
acts which stand unrepealed, than to violate any of
them, trusting to find impunity in having them held
to be unconstitutional.
It is seventy-two years since the first inaugura-
tion of a President under our national Constitution.
During that period fifteen different and very distin-
guished citizens have in succession administered the
executive branch of the government. They have
conducted it through many perils, and generally
with great success. Yet, with all this scope for pre-
cedent, I now enter upon the same task, for the brief
constitutional term of four years, under great and
peculiar difficulties.
A disruption of the Federal Union, heretofore
only menaced, is now formidably attempted. I hold
that in the contemplation of universal law and of
the Constitution, the Union of these States is per-
petual. Perpetuity is implied, if not expressed, in
the fundamental law of all national governments.
It is safe to assert that no government proper ever
had a provision in its organic law for its own terrain-
INAUGURAL ADDEESS OF PBESEDENT LINCOLN. 209
ation. Continue to execute all the express provisions
of our national Constitution, and the Union will
endure forever, it being impossible to destroy it,
except by some action not provided for in the instru-
ment itself.
Again, if the United States be not a government
proper, but an association of .States in the nature of
a contract merely, can it, as a contract, be peaceably
unmade by less than all the parties who made it?
One party to a contract may violate it break it, so
to speak; but does it not require all to lawfully
rescind it ? Descending from these general principles
we find the proposition that in legal contemplation
the Union is perpetual, confirmed by the history of
the Union itself.
The Union is much older than the Constitution.
It was formed, in fact, by the Articles of Association
in 1774:. It was matured and continued in the Dec-
laration of Independence in 1776. It was further
matured, and the faith of all the then thirteen States
expressly plighted and engaged that it should be
perpetual, by the Articles of Confederation, in 1778 ;
and, finally, in 1787, one of the declared objects for
ordaining and establishing the Constitution was to
form a more perfect Union. But if the destruction
of the Union by one or by a part only of the States
be lawfully possible, the Union is less than before,
210 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
the Constitution having lost the vital element oi
perpetuity.
It follows from these views that no State, upon
its own mere motion, can lawfully get out of the
Union ; that resolves and ordinances to that effect,
are legally void ; and that acts of violence within any
State or States against the authority of the United
States, are insurrectionary or revolutionary, accord-
ing to circumstances.
I therefore consider that, in view of the Consti-
tution and the laws, the Union is unbroken, and, to
the extent of my ability, I shall take care, as the
Constitution itself expressly enjoins upon me, that
the laws of the Union shall be faithfully executed in
all the States. Doing this, which I deem to be only
a simple duty on my part, I shall perfectly perform
it, so far as is practicable, unless my rightful masters,
the American people, shall withhold the requisition,
or in some authoritative manner direct the contrary.
I trust this will not be regarded as a menace, but
only as the declared purpose of the Union that it will
constitutionally defend and maintain itself.
In doing this there need be no bloodshed or vio-
lence, and there shall be none unless it is forced upon
the national authority.
The power confided to me will oe used to hold,
occupy, and possess the property and places belonging
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 211
to the Government^ and collect the duties and im
posts ; but beyond what may be necessary for these
objects there will be no invasion, no using of force
against or among the people anywhere.
Where hostility to the United States shall be so
great and so universal as to prevent competent resi-
dent citizens from holding the Federal offices, there
will be no attempt to force obnoxious strangers
among the people that object. While the strict
legal right may exist of the Government to enforce
the exercise of these offices, the attempt to do so
would be so irritating, and so nearly impracticable
withal, that I deem it better to forego for the time
the uses of such offices.
The mails, unless repelled, will continue to be
furnished in all parts of the Union.
So far as possible, the people everywhere shall
have that sense of perfect security which is most
favorable to calm thought and reflection.
The course here indicated will be followed, unless
current events and experience shall show a modifica-
tion or change to be proper ; and in every case and
exigency my best discretion will be exercised accord-
ing to the circumstances actually existing, and with
a view and hope of a peaceful solution of the national
troubles, and the restoration of fraternal sympathies
and affections.
212 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
That there are persons, in one section or another,
who seek to destroy the Union at all events, and are
glad of any pretext to do it, I will neither affirm nor
deny. ' But if there be such, I need address no word
to them.
To those, however, who really love the Union,
may I not speak, before entering upon so grave a
matter as the destruction of our national fabric, with
all its benefits, its memories, and its hopes ? Would
it not be well to ascertain why we do it ? Will you
hazard so desperate a step, while any portion of the
ills you fly from, have no real existence ? Will you,
while the certain ills you fly to, are greater than all
the real ones you fly from ? Will you risk the com-
mission of so fearful a mistake ? All profess to be
content in the Union if all constitutional rights
can be maintained. Is it true, then, that any right,
plainly written in the Constitution has been denied ?
I think not. Happily the human mind is so consti-
tuted, that no party can reach to the audacity of
doing this.
Think, if you can, of a single instance in which
a plainly- written provision of the Constitution has
ever been denied. If, by the mere force of numbers,
a majority should deprive a minority of any clearly-
written constitutional right, it might, in a moral
pojjit of view, justify revolution ; it certainly would,
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 213
if such right were a vital one. But such is not our
case.
All the vital rights of minorities and of individu-
als are so plainly assured to them by affirmations and
negations, guaranties and prohibitions in the Consti-
tution, that controversies never arise concerning
them. But no organic law can ever be framed with
a provision specifically applicable to every question
which may occur in practical administration. !N"o
foresight can anticipate, nor any document of reason-
able length contain, express provisions for all possible
questions. Shall fugitives from labor be surrendered
by national or by State authorities ? The Constitu-
tion does not expressly say. Must Congress protect
slavery in the Territories ? The Constitution does
not expressly say. From questions of this class,
spring all our constitutional controversies, and we
divide upon them into majorities and minorities.
If the minority will not acquiesce, the majority
must, or the government must cease. There is no
alternative for continuing the government but acqui-
escence on the one side or the other. If a minority
in such a case, will secede rather than acquiesce,
they make a precedent which in turn will ruin and
divide them, for a minority of their own will secede
from them whenever a majority refuses to be con-
trolled by such a minority. For instance, why ot
214 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
any portion of a new confederacy, a year or two
hence, arbitrarily secede again, precisely as portions
of the present Union now claim to secede from it ?
All who cherish disunion sentiments are now being
educated to the exact temper of doing this. Is there
such perfect identity of interests among the States to
compose a new Union as to produce harmony only,
and prevent renewed secession ? Plainly, the central
idea of secession is the essence of anarchy.
A majority held in restraint by constitutional
check and limitation, and always changing easily
with deliberate changes of popular opinions and sen-
timents, is the only true sovereign of a free people.
Whoever rejects it, does, of necessity, fly to anarchy
or to despotism. Unanimity is impossible ; and the
rule of a majority, as a permanent arrangement, is
wholly inadmissible. So that, rejecting the majority
principle, anarchy or despotism in some form is all
that is left.
I do not forget the position assumed by some
that constitutional questions are to be decided by
the Supreme Court, nor do I deny that such decis-
ions must be binding in any case upon the parties to
a suit, as to the object of that suit, while they are
also entitled to very high respect and consideration
in all parallel cases by all other departments of the
government ; and while it is obviously possible that
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 215
such decision may be erroneous in any given case,
still the evil effect following it, being limited to that
particular case, with the chance that it may be over-
ruled and never become a precedent for other cases,
can better be borne than could the evils of a different
practice.
At the same time the candid citizen must confess
that if the policy of the government upon the vital
questions affecting the whole people is to be irrevo-
cably fixed by the decisions of the Supreme Court,
the instant they are made, as in ordinary litigation
between parties in personal actions, the people will
have ceased to be their own masters, unless having
to that extent practically resigned their government
into the hands of that eminent tribunal.
Nor is there in this view any assault upon the
court or the judges. It is a duty from which they
may not shrink, to decide cases properly brought
before them ; and it is no fault of theirs if others seek
to turn their decisions into political purposes. One
section of our country believes slavery is right and
ought to be extended, while the other believes it is
wrong and ought not to be extended ; and this is the
only substantial dispute; and the fugitive slave
clause of the Constitution, and the law for the sup-
pression of the foreign slave trade, are each as well
enforced, perhaps, as any law can ever be in a com-
216 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
munity where the moral sense of the people imper-
fectly supports the law itself. The great body of the
people abide by the dry legal obligation in both
cases, and a few break over in each. This, I think,
cannot be perfectly cured, and it would be worse in
both cases after the separation of the sections than
before. The foreign slave trade, now imperfectly
suppressed, would be ultimately revived, without
restriction, in one section ; while fugitive slaves, now
only partially surrendered, would not be surrendered
at all by the other.
Physically speaking we cannot separate we can-
not remove our respective sections from each other,
nor build an impassable wall between them. A
husband and wife may be divorced, and go out of
the presence and beyond the reach of each other, but
the different sections of our country cannot do this.
They cannot but remain face to face; and inter-
course, either amicable or hostile, must continue
between them. Is it possible, then, to make that
intercourse more advantageous or more satisfactory
after separation than before? Can aliens make
treaties easier than friends can make laws? Can
treaties be more faithfully enforced between aliens
than laws can among friends ? Suppose you go to
war, you cannot fight always ; and when, after much
loss on both sides and no gain on either, you cease
INAUGUKAL ADDBESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 217
fighting, the identical questions as to terms of inter-
course are again upon you.
This country, with its institutions, belongs to the
people who inhabit it. Whenever they shall grow
weary of the existing government, they can exercise
their constitutional right of amending, or their revolu-
tionary right to dismember or overthrow it. I can-
not be ignorant of the fact that many worthy and
patriotic citizens are desirous of having the national
Constitution amended. While I make no recom-
mendation of amendment, I fully recognize the full
authority of the people over the whole subject, to be
exercised in either of the modes prescribed in the
instrument itself, and I should, under existing cir-
cumstances, favor, rather than oppose, a fair oppor-
tunity being afforded the people to act upon it.
I will venture to add, that to me the convention
mode seems preferable, in that it allows amendments
to originate with the people themselves, instead of
only permitting them to take or reject propositions
originated by others not especially chosen for the
purpose, and which might not be precisely such as
they would wish either to accept or refuse. I under-
stand that a proposed amendment to the Constitution
(which amendment, however, I have not seen) has
passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Gov-
ernment shall never interfere with the domestic
10
218 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
institutions of States, including that of persons held
to service. To avoid misconstruction of what I
have said, I depart from mj purpose not to speak of
particular amendments, so far as to say that, holding
such a provision to now be implied constitutional
law, I have no objection to its being made express
and irrevocable.
The chief magistrate derives all his authority
from the people, and they have conferred none upon
him to fix the terms for the separation of the States.
The people themselves, also, can do this if they
choose, but the Executive, as such, has nothing to do
with it. His duty is to administer the present gov-
ernment as it came to his hands, and to transmit it
unimpaired by him to his successor. Why should
there not be a patient confidence in the ultimate
justice of the people ? Is there any better or equal
hope in the world? In our present differences is
either party without faith of being in the right ? If
the Almighty Ruler of nations, with his eternal
truth and justice, be on your side of the North, or on
yours of the South, that truth and that justice will
surely prevail by the judgment of this great tribunal,
the American people. By the frame of the Govern-
ment under which we live, this same people have
wisely given their public servants but little power
for mischief, and have with equal wisdom provided
INAUGURAL ADDRESS OF PRESIDENT LINCOLN. 219
for the return of that little to their own hands at
very short intervals. While the people retain their
virtue and vigilance, no administration, by any ex-
treme wickedness or folly, can very seriously injure
the Government in the short space of four years.
My countrymen, one and all, think calmly and
well upon this whole subject. Nothing valuable can
be lost by taking time.
If there be an object to hurry any of you, in hot
haste, to a step which you would never take deliber-
ately, that object will be frustrated by taking time ;
but no good object can be frustrated by it.
Such of you as are now dissatisfied still have the
old Constitution unimpaired, and on the sensitive
point, the laws of your own framing under it ; while
the new administration will have no immediate
power, if it would, to change either.
If it were admitted that you who are dissatisfied
hold the right side in the dispute, there is still no
single reason for precipitate action. Intelligence,
patriotism, Christianity, and a firm reliance on Him
who has never yet forsaken this favored land, are
still competent to adjust, in the best way, all our
present difficulties.
In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow-countrymen,
and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war.
The government will not assail you.
220 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
You can have no conflict without being your-
selves the aggressors. You have no oath registered
in Heaven to destroy the government ; while I shall
have the most solemn one to " preserve, protect, and
defend it."
I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but
friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion
may have strained, it must not break our bonds of
affection.
The mystic cords of memory, stretching from
every battle-field and patriot grave to every living
heart and hearthstone all over this broad land, will
yet swell the chorus of the Union, when again
touched, as surely they will be, by the better angels
of our nature.
THE BALANCE SHEET OF THE GOVERNMENT.
THE BALANCE SHEET OP THE GOVERNMENT,
BEFORE AND SINGE THE WAB, 1859 AND 1865.
The receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal year ending
June 30, 1859, were as follows :
From Customs $49,565,824 38
From Public Lands 1,756,687 30
From Miscellaneous Sources 2,082,559 33
From Treasury Notes. 9,667,400 00
From Loans 18,620,000 00
Aggregate resources for the year ending
June 30, 1859 $88,090,787 11
Which amount was expended as follows :
Civil, Foreign and Miscellan's. .$23,635,820 94
Interior (Indians and Pensions), 4,753,972 60
War Department 23,243,822 38
Navy Department 14,712,610 21
Public Debt 17,405,285 44
Total expenses for the year. $83,751,511 57
Balance in Treasury July 1, 1859 4,339,275 54
The receipts into the Treasury during the fiscal year
ending June 30, 1865, was $1,898,532,533 24, of which were
received:
From loans applied to expenses $864,863,499 17
From loans applied to Public Debt 607,361,241 68
From Internal Revenue 209,464,215 25
Expenditures for the year $1,897,674,224 09
War Department charged with 1,031,323,360 79
Balance in Treasury July 1, 1865 658,309 15
Total increase of Public Debt during the
year 941,902,537 04
222 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
PEESIDENT LINCOLN'S SECOND AND LAST
INAUGUEAL ADDEESS,
MAECH 4, 1865.
FELLOW-COUNTRYMEN : At this second appearing
to take the oath of the Presidential office, there is
less occasion for an extended address than there was
at the first. Then a statement, somewhat in detail,
< f a course to be pursued seemed very fitting and
proper. ISFow, at the expiration of four years, during
which public declarations have been constantly
called forth on every point and phase of the great
contest which still absorbs the attention and engrosses
the energies of the nation, little that is new could be
presented.
The progress of our arms, upon which all else
chiefly depends, is as well known to the public as to
myself, and it is, I trust reasonably satisfactory and
encouraging to all. "With high hope for the future,
no prediction in regard to it is ventured.
LINCOLN'S LAST INAUGURAL ADDRESS. 223
On the occasion corresponding to this four years
ago, all thoughts were anxiously directed to an im-
pending civil war. All dreaded it ; all sought to
avoid it. "While the inaugural address was being
delivered from this place, devoted altogether to sav-
ing the Union without war, insurgent agents were in
the city seeking to destroy it without war seeking
to dissolve the Union and divide the effects by nego-
tiation. Both parties deprecated war, but one of
them would make war rather than let the nation
survive ; and the other would rather accept war than
let it perish, and the war came.
One-eighth of the whole population were colored
slaves, not distributed generally over the Union, but
localized in the Southern part of it. These slaves
constituted a peculiar and powerful interest. All
knew that this interest was somehow the cause of
the war. To strengthen, perpetuate, and extend
this interest, was the object for which the insurgents
would rend the Union even by war, while the Gov-
ernment claimed no right to do more than to restrict
the territorial enlargement of it.
Neither party expected for the war the magni-
tude or the duration which it has already attained,
^"either anticipated that the cause of the conflict
might cease with, or even before the conflict itself
should cease. Each looked for an easier tri-
224 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
umph, and a result less fundamental and astound-
ing.
Both read the same Bible, and pray to the same
God ; and each invoke his aid against the other. It
may seem strange that any men should dare to ask a
just God's assistance in wringing their bread from
the sweat of other men's faces ; but let us judge not,
that we be not judged. The prayers of both could
not be answered. That of neither has been an-
swered fully. The Almighty has his own purposes.
" Woe unto the world because of offences, for it must
. must needs be that offences come ; but woe to that
man by whom the offence cometh." If we shall
suppose that American slavery is one of these offen-
ces, which, in the providence of God, must needs
come, but which, having continued through his
appointed time, he now wills to remove, and that he
gives to both North and South this terrible war as
the woe due to those by whom the offence came,
shall we discern therein any departure from those
divine attributes" which the believers in a living God
always ascribe to him? Fondly do we hope, fer-
vently do we pray, that this mighty scourge of war
may soon pass away. Yet, if God wills that it con-
tinue until all the wealth piled by the bondman's
two hundred and fifty years of unrequited toil shall
be sunk, and until every drop of blood drawn with
225
the lash, shall be paid with another drawn by the
sword ; as was said three thousand years ago, so still
it must be said, " The judgments of the Lord are
true and righteous altogether."
With malice toward none, with charity to all,
with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the
right, let us strive on to finish the work we are in ;
to bind up the nation's wounds ; to care for him who
shall have borne the battle, and for his widow and
his orphans ; to do all which may achieve and cher-
ish a just and a lasting peace among ourselves and
with all nations.
226 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
PBESIDENT LINCOLN'S PKOCLAMATION OF
AMNESTY.
AOOOMPAFTING THE TEESIDEOT's MESSAGE, DEOEMBEE 8, 1863.
WHEREAS, in and by the Constitution of the
United States, it is provided that the President
" shall have power to grant reprieves and pardons
for offences against the United States, except in
cases of impeachment ;" and whereas a rebellion now
exists whereby the loyal State governments oi several
States have for a long time been subverted, and
many persons have committed and are now guilty of
treason against the United States ; and whereas,
with reference to said rebellion and treason, laws
have been enacted by Congress declaring forfeitures
and confiscation of property and liberation of slaves,
all upon terms and conditions therein stated ; and
also declaring that the President was thereby author-
ized at any time thereafter, by proclamation, to
extend to persons who may have participated in the
LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. 227
existing rebellion, in any State or part thereof, par-
don and amnesty, with such exceptions and at such
times and on such conditions as he may deem expe-
dient for the public welfare ; and whereas the con-
gressional declaration for limited and conditional
pardon accords with well established judicial exposi-
tion of the pardoning power; and whereas, with
reference to said rebellion, the President of the
United States has issued several proclamations with
provisions in regard to the liberation of slaves ; and
whereas it is now desired by some persons heretofore
engaged in said rebellion to resume their allegiance
to the United States, and to reinaugurate loyal State,
governments within and for their respective States :
Therefore,
" I, ABRAHAM LINCOLN, President of the United
States, do proclaim, declare, and make known to all
persons who have, directly or by implication, partici-
pated in the existing rebellion, except as hereinafter
excepted, that a full pardon is hereby granted to
them and each of them, with restoration of all rights
of property, except as to slaves, and in property
cases where rights of third parties shall have" inter-
vened, and upon the condition that every such
person shall take and subscribe an oath, and thence-
forward keep and maintain such oath inviolate ; and
which oath shall be registered for permanent preser-
228 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Y
vation, and shall be of the tenor and effect following,
to wit :
" I, , do solemnly swear, in presence
of Almighty God, that I will henceforth faithfully
support, protect, and defend the Constitution of the
United States, and the union of the States there-
under ; and that I will in like manner, abide by and
faithfully support all acts of Congress passed during
the existing rebellion with reference to slaves, so
long and so far as not repealed, modified, or held
void by Congress, or by decision of the Supreme
Court ; and that I will, in like manner, abide by
and faithfully support all proclamations of the Presi-
dent made during the existing rebellion having
reference to slaves, so long and so far as not modified
or declared void by decision of the Supreme Court.
So help me God."
The persons excepted from the benefits of the
foregoing provisions are, all who are, or shall have
been, civil or diplomatic officers or agents of the so-
called confederate government ; all who have left
judicial stations under the United States to aid the
rebellion ; all who are, or shall have been, military
or naval officers of said so-called confederate govern-
ment, above the rank of colonel in the army, or of
lieutenant in the navy; all who left seats in the
United States Congress to aid the rebellion ; all who
LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. 229
resigned commissions in the Army or Navy of the
United States, and afterwards aided the rebellion ;
and all who have engaged in any way in treating
colored persons, or white persons in charge of such,
otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, and
which persons may have been found in the United
States Service as soldiers, seamen, or in any other
capacity.
And I do further proclaim, declare and make
known, that whenever, in any of the States of
Arkansas, Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee,
Alabama, Georgia, Florida, South Carolina, and
North Carolina, a number of persons', not less than
one-tenth in number of the votes cast in such State
at the presidential election of the year of our Lord
1860, each having taken the oath aforesaid, and not
having since violated it, and being a qualified voter
by the election law of the State existing immediately
before the so-called act of secession, and excluding
all others shall re-establish a State government which
shall be republican, and in nowise contravening said
oath, such shall be recognized as the true govern-
ment of the State, and the State shall receive there-
under the benefits of the constitutional provision
which declares that " the United States shall guar-
anty to every State in this Union a republican form
of government, and shall protect each of them
230 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
against invasion ; and, on application of the Legisla-
ture, or the Executive (when the Legislature cannot
be convened), against domestic violence."
And I do further proclaim, declare, and make
known that any provision which may be adopted by
such State government in relation to the freed
people of such State, which shall recognize and
declare their permanent freedom, provide for their
education, and which may yet be consistent, as a
temporary arrangement, with their present condition
as a laboring, landless, and homeless class, will not
be objected to by the National Executive. And it is
suggested as not improper, that, in constructing a
loyal State government in any State, the name of
the State, the boundary, the subdivisions, the consti-
tution, and the general code of laws, as before the
rebellion, be maintained, subject only to the modifi-
cations made necessary by the conditions hereinbefore
stated, and such others, if any, not contravening said
conditions, and which may be deemed expedient by
those framing the new State government.
To avoid misunderstanding, it may be proper to
say that this proclamation, so far as it relates to
State governments, has no reference to States
wherein loyal State governments have all the while
been maintained. And for the same reason, it may
be proper to further say that whether members sent
LINCOLN'S PROCLAMATION OF AMNESTY. 231
to Congress from any State shall be admitted to
seats, constitutionally rests exclusive with the
respective Houses, and not to any extent with the
Executive. And still further, that this proclamation
is intended to present the people of the States
wherein the national authority has been suspended,
and loyal State governments have been subverted,
a mode in and by which the national authority and
loyal State governments may be re-established within
said States, or in any of them ; and, while the mode
presented is the best the Executive can suggest, with
his present impressions, it must not be understood
that no other possible mode would be acceptable.
Given under my hand, at the City of Washington,
the 8th day of December, A. D. 1863, and of
[L. s.] the independence of the United States of
America the eighty-eighth.
ABKAHAM LINCOLN.
By the President.
WM. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
232 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
PBESIDENT JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PKOCLA-
MATION.
BY THE PEESIDENT OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA.
Whereas, The President of the United States, on
the 8th day of December, 1863, did, with the object
of suppressing the existing rebellion, to induce all
persons to lay down their arms, to return to their
loyalty, and to restore the authority of the United
States, issue proclamations offering amnesty and par-
don to certain persons who had directly or by impli-
cation, engaged in said rebellion ; and
Whereas, Many persons who had so engaged in
the late rebellion have, since the issuance of said
proclamation, failed or neglected to take the benefits
offered thereby ; and
Whereas, Many persons who have been justly
deprived of all claim to amnesty and pardon there-
under, by reason of their participation directly or by
implication in said rebellion, and continued in hos
tility to the Government of the United States since
JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PROCLAMATION 233
the date of said proclamation, now desire to apply
for and obtain amnesty and pardon :
To the end, therefore, that the authority of the
Government of the United States may be restored,
and that peace, and order, and freedom may be es-
tablished, I, Andrew Johnson, President of the
United States, do proclaim and declare, that I
hereby grant to all persons who have directly or in-
directly participated in the existing rebellion, except
as hereafter excepted, amnesty and pardon, with res-
toration of all rights of property, except as to slaves,
except in cases where legal proceedings under the
laws of the United States, providing for the confisca-
tion of property of persons engaged in rebellion, have
been instituted, but on the condition, nevertheless,
that every such person shall take and subscribe to
the following oath, which shall be registered, for
permanent preservation, and shall be of the tenor
and effect following, to wit :
I do solemnly swear or affirm in presence of
Almighty God, that I will henceforth support, pro-
tect, and faithfully defend the Constitution of the
United States, and will, in like manner, abide by
and faithfully support all laws and proclamations
which have been made during the existing rebellion
with reference to the emancipation of slaves. So
help me God.
234 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
The following classes of persons are excepted
from the benefits of this proclamation.
1. All who are or have been pretended diplomatic
officers, or otherwise domestic or foreign agents of
the pretended Confederate States.
2. All who left judicial stations under the United
States to aid in the rebellion.
3. All who have been military or naval officers of
the pretended Confederate Government above the rank
of colonel in the army, and lieutenant in the navy.
4. All who left their seats in the Congress of the
United States to aid in the rebellion.
5. All who resigned or tendered the resignation
of their commissions in the army and navy of the
United States to evade their duty in resisting the
rebellion.
6. All who have engaged in any way in treating
otherwise than lawfully as prisoners of war, persons
found in the United States service as officers, sol-
diers, seamen, or in other capacities.
7. All persons who have been or are absentees
from the United States for the purpose of aiding the
rebellion.
8. All military or naval officers in the rebel ser-
vice who were educated by the Government in the
Military Academy at West Point, or at the United
States Naval Academy.
JOHNSON'S AMNESTY PROCLAMATION. 235
9. All persons who held the pretended offices of
Governors of the States in insurrection against the
United States.
10. All persons who left their homes within the
jurisdiction and protection of the United States, and
passed beyond the Federal military lines into the
so-called. Confederate States for the purpose of aiding
the rebellion.
11. All persons who have engaged in the de-
struction of the commerce of the United States upon
the high seas, and all persons who have made raids
into the United States from Canada, or been engaged
in destroying the commerce of the United States on
the lakes and rivers that separate the British prov-
inces from the United States.
12. All persons who, at a time when they seek to
obtain the benefits hereof by taking the oath herein
prescribed, are in military, naval or civil confinement
or custody, or under bond of the military or naval
authorities or agents of the United States as pris-
oners of any kind, either before or after their con-
viction.
13. All persons who have voluntarily participated
in said rebellion, the estimated value of whose taxa-
ble property is over twenty thousand dollars.
14. All persons who have taken the oath of am-
nesty, as prescribed in the President's proclamation
236 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
of December 8, 1863, or the oath of allegiance to the
United States since the date of said proclamation,
and who have not thenceforward kept the same
inviolate ; provided, that special application may be
made to the President for pardon by any person be-
longing to the excepted classes, and such clemency
will be extended as may be consistent with the facts
of the case and the peace and dignity of the United
States. The Secretary of State will establish rules
and regulations for administering and recording the
said amnesty oath, so as to insure its benefits to the
people, and guard the government against fraud.
In testimony whereof, I "have hereunto set my
hand, and caused the seal of the United States to be
affixed.
Done at the City of Washington, this the 29th
day of May, 1865, and of the independence of
America the 89th.
A1STDEEW JOHNSON.
By the President,
WM. H. SEWARD, Secretary of State.
A PEACE PROCLAMATION. 237
A PEACE PEOOLAMATION,
ON the 20th of August, 1866, the President
issued a proclamation announcing the return of
peace and restoring the writ of habeas corpus in all
the Southern States. Among the points made in
this proclamation are the following :
" There now exists no organized armed resistance
of the misguided citizens or others to the authority
of the United States in the States of Georgia, South
Carolina, Yirginia, North Carolina, Tennessee, Ala-
bama, Louisiana, Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida,
and the laws can be sustained and enforced therein
by the proper civil authority, State or Federal, and
the people of the said States are well and loyally dis-
posed, and have conformed, or will conform, in their
legislation to the condition of affairs growing out of
the amendment to the Constitution of the United
238 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
States prohibiting slavery within the jurisdiction of
the United States.
a # # # The p eO pi e o f the several before men-
tioned States have, in the manner aforesaid, given
satisfactory evidence that they acquiesce in this sov-
ereign and important revolution of the national
unity.
" It is believed to be a fundamental principle of
government that people who have revolted, and who
have been overcome and subdued, must either be
dealt with so as to induce them voluntarily to become
friends, or else they must be held by absolute mili-
tary power, or devastated so as to prevent them from
ever again doing harm as enemies, which last named
policy is abhorrent to humanity and freedom.
" The Constitution of the United States provides
for constitutional communities only as States, and
not as territories, dependencies, provinces, or protec-
torates.
* * * Therefore, I, Andrew Johnson, Presi-
dent of the United States, do hereby proclaim and
declare that the insurrection which heretofore existed
in the States of Georgia, South Carolina, North
Carolina, Virginia, Tennessee, Alabama, Louisiana,
Arkansas, Mississippi, and Florida is at an end, and
henceforth to be so regarded."
THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL.
CIVIL EIGHTS BILL,
AS ADOPTED BY CONGRESS, MABCH, 1866.
1. That all persons in the United States, and
not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians
not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the
United States ; and such citizens of every race and
color, without regard to any previous condition of
Slavery or involuntary service, except as a punish-
ment for crime, whereof the party shall have been
duly convicted, shall have the same right, in every
State and Territory, to make and enforce contracts,
to sue, to be sued, be parties and give evidence ; to
inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold, and convey
personal property, and to full and equal benefit of
all laws and proceedings for the security of person
and property as are enjoyed by white citizens ; and
shall be subject to the like punishment, pains and
penalties, and to none other ; any law, statute, ordi-
MO NATIONAL II AND- BOOK.
nance, regulation, or custom to the contrary not-
withstanding.
2. And that any person who, under color of
any law, statute, ordinance, regulation, or custom,
shall subject, or cause to be subjected, any inhabit-
ant of any State or Territory to the deprivation of
any right secured or protected by this act, or to pun-
ishment, pains, and penalties, on account of such
person having at any time been held in a condition
of slavery, or involuntary servitude, except for the
punishment of crime whereof the party shall have
been duly convicted, or by the reason of his color or
race, than is prescribed for the punishment of white
persons, shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor,
and, on conviction, shall be punished by a fine not
exceeding one thousand dollars, or imprisonment not
exceeding one year, or both, in the discretion of the
court.
3. That the district courts of the United States,
within their respective districts, shall have, exclu-
sively cf the courts of the several States, cognizance
of all crimes and offences committed against the
provisions of this act, and also, concurrently with the
circuit courts of the United States, of all causes civil
and criminal, affecting persons who are denied, or
can not enforce in the courts of judicial tribunal
of the State or locality where they may be, any of
THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 241
the rights secured to them by the first section of this
act ; and if any suit or prosecution, civil or criminal,
has been, or shall be commenced in any State court
against any such person, for any cause whatsoever,
civil or military, or any other person, any arrest or
imprisonment, trespasses, or wrong done or com-
mitted by virtue or under color of authority derived
from this act, or the act establishing a bureau for the
relief of freedmen and refugees, and all acts amenda-
tory thereof, or for refusing to do any act, upon the
ground that it would be inconsistent with this act,
such defendant shall have the right to remove such
cause for trial to the proper district or circuit court, in
the manner prescribed by the act relating to habeas
corpus, and regulating judicial proceedings in certain
cases, approved March 3, 1863, and all acts amenda-
tory thereto. The jurisdiction in civil and criminal
matters hereby conferred on the district and circuit
courts of the United States shall be exercised and
enforced, in conformity with the laws of the United
States, so far as such laws are suitable to carry the
same into effect; but in all cases where such laws are
not adapted to the object, or are deficient in the pro-
visions necessary to furnish suitable remedies and
punish offences against the law, the common law, as
modified and changed by the Constitution and
statutes of the State wherein the court having juris-
2-1:2 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
diction of the cause, civil or criminal, is held, so far
as the same is not inconsistent with the Constitution,
and laws of the United States, shall be extended,
and govern the said courts in the trial and disposition
of such causes, and, if of a criminal nature, in the
infliction of punishment on the party found guilty.
4-. That the district attorneys, marshals, and
deputy marshals, of the United States, the commis-
sioners appointed by the circuit and territorial courts
of the United States, with power of arresting, impris-
oning, or bailing offenders against the laws of the
United States, the officers and agents 'of the Freed-
men's Bureau, and every other officer who may be
specially empowered by the President of the United
States, shall be, and they are, hereby specially
authorized and required, at the expense of the United
States, to institute proceedings against all and every
person who shall violate the provisions of this act,
and cause him or them to be arrested and imprisoned,
or bailed, as the case may be, for trial before such of
the United States or territorial courts as by this act
have cognizance of the offence, and, with a view to
affording reasonable protection to all persons in their
constitutional rights of equality before the law, with-
out distinction of race or color, or previous condition
of slavery or involuntary servitude, except as a pun-
ishment for crime, whereof the party shall have been
THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 243
duly convicted, and the prompt discharge of the
duties of this act, it shall be the duty of the circuit
courts of the United States and the superior courts
of the territories of the United States, from time to
time, to increase the number of Commissioners, so as
to afford a speedy and convenient means for the
arrest and examination of persons charged with a
violation of this act.
5. That said Commissioners shall have concur-
rent jurisdiction with the judges of the circuit and
district courts of the United States, and the judges
of the superior courts of the territories, severally and
collectively, in term time and vacation, upon satis*
factory proof being made, to issue warrants and
precepts for arresting and bringing before them all
offenders against the provisions of this act, and, on
examination, to discharge, admit to bail, or commit
them for trial, as the facts may warrant.
6. And such Commissioners are hereby author-
ized and required to exercise and discharge all the
powers and duties conferred on them by this Act,
and the same duties with regard to offences created
by this act, as they are authorized by law to exercise
with regard to other offences against the laws of the
United States. That it shall be the duty of all mar-
shals and deputy marshals to obey and execute all
warrants and precepts issued under the provisions of
2M NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
this act when to them directed, and should any mar-
shal or deputy marshal refuse to receive such war-
rant or other process, when tendered, or to use all
proper means diligently to execute the same, he shall
on conviction thereof be fined in the sum of one
thousand dollars, to the use of the person upon
whom the accused is alleged to have committed the
offence ; and the better to enable the said Commis-
sioners to execute their duties faithfully and effi-
ciently, in conformity with the Constitution of the
United States, and the requirements of this act, they
are hereby authorized and empowered, within their
counties respectively, to appoint, in writing under
their hands, one or more suitable persons, from time
to time, to execute all such warrants and other pro-
cess as may be issued by them in the lawful perform-
ance of their respective duties, and the person so
appointed to execute any warrant or process as afore-
said shall have authority to summon and call to their
aid the bystanders of & posse comitatus of the proper
county, or such portion of the land or naval forces of
the United States, or of the militia, as may be neces-
sary to the performance of the duty with which they
are charged, and to insure a faithful observance of
the clause of the Constitution which prohibits
slavery, in conformity with the provisions of this
act; and said warrants shall run and bo executed by
THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 245
said officers anywhere in the State or Territory
within which they are issued.
7. That any person who shall knowingly and
wrongfully obstruct, hinder or prevent any officer or
other person charged with the execution of any war-
rant or process issued under the provisions of this act,
or any person or persons lawfully assisting him or
them, from arresting any person for whose apprehen-
sion such warrant or process may have been issued ;
or shall rescue, or attempt to rescue, such person
from the custody of the officer, other person or per-
sons, or those lawfully assisting, as aforesaid, when
so arrested, pursuant to the authority herein given
and declared ; or shall aid, abet or assist any person
so arrested as aforesaid, directly or indirectly, to
escape from the custody of the officer or other per-
sons legally authorized, as aforesaid, or shall harbor
or conceal any person for whom a warrant or process
shall have been issued as aforesaid, so as to prevent
his discovery and arrest after notice of knowledge of
the fact that a warrant has been issued for the appre-
hension of such person, shall for either of said
offences be subject to a fine not exceeding one thou-
sand dollars, and imprisonment not exceeding six
months, by indictment before the district court of the
United States for the district in which said offence
may have been committed, or before the proper court
246 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
of criminal jurisdiction, if committed within any onu
of the organized Territories of the United States.
8. That the district attorneys, the marshals,
their deputies, and the clerks of the said district and
territorial courts, shall be paid for their services the
like fees as may be allowed to them for similar
services in other cases j and in all cases where the
proceedings are before a Commissioner he shall be
entitled to a fee of ten dollars in full for his services
in each case, inclusive of all services incident to such
arrest and examination. The person or persons
authorized to execute the process to be issued by such
Commissioners for the arrest of offenders against the
provisions of this act, shall be entitled to a fee of five
dollars for each person he or they may arrest and
take before any such Commissioner, as aforesaid,
with such other fees as may be deemed reasonable by
such Commissioner for such other additional services
as may be necessarily performed by him or them
such as attending at the examination, keeping the
prisoner in custody, and providing food and lodgings
during his detention and until the final determina-
tion of such Commissioner, and in general for per-
forming such other duties as may be required in the
premises, such fees to be made up in conformity with
the fees usually charged by the officers of the court
of justice, within the proper district 'or county, as
THE CIVIL EIGHTS BILL. 247
near as practicable, and paid out of the Treasury of
the United States, on the certificate of the district
within which the arrest is made, and to be recover-
able from the defendant as part of the judgment in
case of conviction.
9. That whenever the President of the United
States shall have reason to believe that offences have
been or are likely to be committed against the pro-
visions of this act within any judicial district, it shall
be lawful for him, in his discretion, to direct the
judge, marshal and district attorney of such district
to attend at such place within the district and for
such time as he may designate, for the purpose of
the more speedy arrest and trial of persons charged
with the violation of this act ; and it shall be the
duty of every judge or other officer, when any such
requisition shall be received by him, to attend at the
place and for the time therein designated.
10. That it shall be lawful for the President of
the United States, or such persons as he may
empower for that purpose, to employ such part of
the land or naval forces of the United States, or of
the militia, as shall be necessary to prevent the vio-
lation and enforce the due execution of this act.
11. That upon all questions of law arising in any
cause under the provisions of this act, a final appeal
may be taken to the supreme court of the United States.
248 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
FKEEDMEFS BUKEAU BILL,
AS AMENDED AND APPEOVED BY THE XXXIXTH CONGBESS.
AN ACT to continue in force and to amend "An act to estab-
lish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees,"
and for other purposes.
Be it enacted lyy the Senate and House of Rep-
resentatives of the United States of America in Con-
gress assembled. That the act to establish a Bureau
for the Belief of Freedmen and Refugees, approved
March third, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, shall
continue in force for the term of two years from and
after the passage of this act.
2. And oe it further enacted^ That the super-
vision and care of said bureau shall extend to all
loyal refugees and freedmen, so far as the same shall
be necessary to enable them as speedily as practicable
to become self-supporting citizens of the United
States, and to aid them in making the freedom con-
24:9
ferred by proclamation of the cornrnander-in-chief, by
emancipation under the laws of States, and by con-
stitutional amendment, available to them and bene-
ficial to the republic.
3. And l>e it further enacted r , That the Presi-
dent shall, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, appoint two assistant commissioners in addi-
tion to those authorized by the act to which this is
an amendment, who shall give like bonds and receive
the same annual salary provided in said act, and
each of the assistant commissioners of the bureau
shall have charge of one district containing such ref-
ugees or freedmen, to be assigned him by the Com-
missioner, with the approval of the President. And
the Commissioner shall, under the direction of the
President, and so far as the same shall be, in his
judgment, necessary for the efficient and economical
administration of the affairs of the bureau, appoint
such agents, clerks, and assistants as maybe required
for the proper conduct of the bureau. Military offi-
cers or enlisted men may be detailed for service and
assigned to duty under this act ; and the President
may, if in his judgment safe and judicious so to do,
detail from the army all the officers and agents of
this bureau ; but no officer so assigned shall have in-
crease of pay or allowances. Each agent or clerk,
not heretofore authorized by law, not being a mili-
250 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
tary officer, shall have an annual salary of not lesg
than five hundred dollars, nor more than twelve hun-
dred dollars, according to the service required of him.
And it shall be the duty of the Commissioner, when
it can be done consistently with public interest, to
appoint, as assistant commissioners, agents, and
clerks, such men as have proved their loyalty by
faithful service in the armies of the Union during the
rebellion. And all persons appointed to service
under this act and the act to which this is an amend-
ment shall be so far deemed in the military service
of the United States as to be under the military juris-
diction, and entitled to the military protection of the
government while in discharge of the duties of their
office.
4:. And l)e it further enacted, That officers of
the Yeteran Reserve Corps or of the volunteer ser-
vice, now on duty in the Freedmen's Bureau as
assistant commissioners, agents, medical officers, or in
other capacities, whose regiments or corps have been
or may hereafter be mustered out ol service, may be
retained upon such duty as officers of said bureau,
with the same compensation as is now provided by
law for their respective grades ; and the Secretary of
War shall have power to fill vacancies until other
officers can be detailed in their places without detri-
ment to the public service.
FKEEDMEN'S BUREAU BILL. 251
5. And 1)6 it further enacted, That the second
section of the act to which this is an amendment
shall be deemed to authorize the Secretary of War to
issue such medical stores or other supplies and trans-
portation, and afford such medical or other aid as
may be needful *for the purpose named in said sec-
tion: Provided, That no person shall be deemed
"destitute," "suffering," or "dependent upon the
government for support," within the meaning of this
act, who is able to find employment, and could, by
proper industry and exertion, avoid such destitution,
suffering, or dependence.
6. "Whereas, by the provisions of an act ap-
proved February sixth, eighteen hundred and sixty-
three, entitled "An act to amend an act entitled
1 An act for the collection of direct taxes in insurrec-
tionary districts within the United States, and for
other purposes,' approved June seventh, eighteen hun-
dred and sixty-two," certain lands in the parishes of
Saint Helena and Saint Luke, South Carolina, were
bid in by the United States at public tax sales, and
by the limitation of said act the time of redemption
of said lands has expired ; and whereas, in accord-
ance with instructions issued by President Lincoln
on the sixteenth day of September, eighteen hundred
and sixty- three, to the United States direct tax com
mission ers for South Carolina, certain lands bid in by
252 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
the United States in the parish of Saint Helena, in
said State, were in part sold by the said tax commis-
sioners to " heads of families of the African race," in
parcels of not more than twenty acres to each pur-
chaser; and whereas, under the said instructions, the
said tax commissioners did also set apart as " school
farms " certain parcels of land in said parish, num-
bered on their plats from one to thirty-three, inclu-
sive, making an aggregate of six thousand acres, more
or less: Therefore, be it further enacted. That the
sales made to " heads of families of the African race,"
under the instructions of President Lincoln to the
United States direct tax commissioners for South
Carolina, of date of September sixteenth, eighteen
hundred and sixty-three, are hereby confirmed and
established ; and all leases which have been made to
such " heads of families," by said direct tax commis-
sioners, shall be changed into certificates of sale in
all cases wherein the lease provides for such substitu-
tion; and all the lands JJGW remaing unsold, which
come within the same designation, being eight thou-
sand acres, more or less, shall be disposed of accord-
ing to said instructions.
7. And ~be it further enacted, That all other
lands bid in by the United States at tax sales, being
thirty-eight thousand acres, more or less, and now in
the hands of the said tax commissioners as |he prop-
FKEEDMEN'S BUREAU BILL. 253
erty of the United States, in the parishes of Saint
Helena and Saint Luke, excepting the " school farms,"
as specified in the preceding section, and so much as
may be necessary for military and naval purposes at
Hilton Head, Bay Point, and Land's End, and ex-
cepting also the city of Port Royal, on Saint Helena
island, and the town of Beaufort, shall be disposed
of in parcels of twenty acres, at one dollar and fifty
cents per acre, to such persons, and to such only, as
have acquired and are now occupying lands under
and agreeably to the provisions of General Sher-
man's special field order, dated at Savannah, Georgia,
January sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five,
and the remaining lands, if any, shall be disposed of
in like manner to such persons as had acquired lands
agreeably to the said order of General Sherman, but
who have been dispossessed by the restoration of the
same to former owners : Provided^ That the lands
sold in compliance with the provisions of this and the
preceding section shall not be alienated by their pur-
chasers within six years from and after the passage
of this act.
8. And l>e it further enacted^ That the " school
farms " in the parish of Saint Helena, South Caro-
lina, shall be sold, subject to any leases of the same,
by the said tax commissioners, at public auction, on
or before the first day of January, eighteen hundred
254 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
and sixty-seven, at not less than ten dollars per acre ,
and the lots in the city of Port Royal, as laid down
by the said tax commissioners, and the lots and
houses in the town of Beaufort, which are still held
in like manner, shall be sold at public auction ; and
the proceeds of said sales, after paying expenses of
the surveys and sales, shall be invested in United
States bonds, the interest of which shall be appropri-
ated, under the direction of the Commissioner, to the
support of schools, without distinction of color or
race, on the islands in the parishes of Saint Helena
and Saint Luke.
9. And l>e it further enacted. That the assistant
commissioners for South Carolina and Georgia are
hereby authorized to examine all claims to lands in
their respective States which are claimed under the
provisions of General Sherman's special field order,
and to give each person having a valid claim a war-
rant upon the direct tax commissioners for South Car-
olina for twenty acres of land, and the said direct
tax commissioners shall issue to every person, or to
his or her heirs, but in no case to any assigns, pre-
senting such warrant, a lease of twenty acres of land,
as provided for in section 7, for the term of six years ;
but at any time thereafter, upon the payment of a
sum not exceeding one dollar and fifty cents per acre,
the person holding such lease shall be entitled to a
255
certificate of sale of said tract of twenty acres from
the direct tax commissioner or such officer as may be
authorized to issue the same; but no warrant shall
be held valid longer than two years after the issue
of the same.
10. And ~be it further enacted, That the direct
tax commissioners for South Carolina are hereby au-
thorized and required at the earliest d*ay practicable
to survey the lands designated in section 7 into lots
of twenty acres each, with proper metes and bounds
distinctly marked, so that the several tracts shall be
convenient in form, and as near as practicable have
an average of fertility and woodland; and the
expense of such surveys shall be paid from the pro-
ceeds of the sales of said lands, or, if sooner required,
out of any moneys received for other lands on these
islands, sold by the United States for taxes, and now
in the hands of the direct tax commissioners.
11. And 'be it further enacted, That restoration
of lands occupied by freedmen under General Sher-
man's field order, dated at Savannah, Georgia, Jan-
uary sixteenth, eighteen hundred and sixty-five, shall
not he made until after the crops of the present year
shall have been gathered by the occupants of said
lands, nor until a fair compensation shall have been
made to them by the former owners of such lands or
their legal representatives for all improvements or
256 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
betterments erected or constructed thereon, and after
due notice of the same being done shall have been
given by the assistant commissioner.
12. And ~be it further enacted, That the Com-
missioner shall have power to seize, hold, use, lease,
or sell all buildings and tenements, and any lands
appertaining to the same, or otherwise, formerly held
under color of title by the late so-called Confederate
States, and not heretofore disposed of by the United
States, and any buildings or lands held in trust for
the same by any person or persons, and to use the
same or appropriate the proceeds derived therefrom
to the education of the freed people ; and whenever
the bureau shall cease to exist, such of said so-called
Confederate States as shall have made provision for
the education of their citizens without distinction of
color shall receive the sum remaining unexpended of
such sales or rentals, which shall be distributed
among said States for educational purposes in pro-
portion to their population.
13. And be it further enacted, That the Com-
missioner of this bureau shall at all times co-operate
with private benevolent associations of citizens in
aid of freedmen, and with agents and teachers, duly
accredited and appointed by them, and shall hire or
provide by lease buildings for purposes of education
whenever such associations shall, without cost to the
257
government, provide suitable teachers and means of
instructions ; and he shall furnish such protection as
may be required for the safe conduct of such schools.
14. And be it further enacted. That in every
State or district where the ordinary course of judicial
proceedings has been interrupted by the rebellion,
and until the same shall be fully restored, and in
every State or district whose constitutional relations
to the government have been practically discontinued
by the rebellion, and until such State shall have been
restored in such relations, and shall be duly repre-
sented in the Congress of the United States, the right
to make and enforce contracts, to sue, be parties, and
give evidence, to inherit, purchase, lease, sell, hold,
and convey real and personal property, and to have
full and equal benefit of all laws and proceedings
concerning personal liberty, personal security, and
the acquisition, enjoyment, and disposition of estate,
real and personal, including the constitutional right
to bear arms, shall be secured to and enjoyed by all
the citizens of such State or district without respect
to race or color, or previous condition of slavery.
And whenever in either of said States or districts the
ordinary course of judicial proceedings has been inter-
rupted by the rebellion, and until the same shall be
fully restored, and until such State shall have been
restored in its constitutional relations to the govern-
258 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
inent, and shall be duly represented in the Congress
of the United States, the President shall, through the
Commissioner and the officers of the bureau, and
under such rules and regulations as the President,
through the Secretary of "War, shall prescribe, extend
military protection and have military jurisdiction
over all cases and questions concerning the free en-
joyment of such immunities and rights, and no pen-
alty or punishment for any violation of law shall be
imposed or permitted because of race or color, or
previous condition of slavery, other or greater than
the penalty or punishment to which white persons
may be liable by law for the like offence. But the
jurisdiction conferred by this section upon the offi-
cers of the bureau shall not exist in any State where
the ordinary course of judicial proceedings has not
been interrupted by the rebellion, and shall cease in
every State when the courts of the State and of the
United States are not disturbed in the peaceable
course of justice, and after such State shall be fully
restored in its constitutional relations to the govern-
ment, and shall be duly represented in the Congress
of the United States.
15. And le it further enacted, That all officers,
agents, and employe's of this bureau, before entering
upon the duties of their office, shall take the oath
prescribed in the first section of the act to which this
FREEDMEN'S BUREAU BILL. 259
is an amendment ; and all acts or parts of acts incon-
sistent with the provisions of this act are hereby
repealed.
SCHUYLER COLFAX,
Speaker of the House of Representatives.
LAFAYETTE S. FOSTEK,
President of Senate pro tempore.
IN THB HOTTSE OF REPBESENTATIVES UNITED STATES,
July 16, 1866.
The President of the United States having
returned to the House of Representatives, in which
it originated, the Ibill entitled " An act to continue in
force and to amend ' An act to establish a Bureau for
the Relief of Freedmen and Refugees,' and for other
purposes," with his objections thereto, the House of
Representatives proceeded, in pursuance of the Con-
stitution to reconsider the same ; and
Resolved, That the said bill pass, two-thirds of
the House of Representatives agreeing to pass the
same.
Attest: EDWARD MCPHERSON,
Clerk House of Representatives of the United States.
IN SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES,
July 16, 1866.
The Senate having proceeded, in pursuance of
the Constitution, to reconsider the bill entitled " An
260 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
act to continue in force and to amend * An act to
establish a Bureau for the Relief of Freedmen and
Refugess,' and for other purposes," returned to the
House of Eepresentatives by the President of the
United States, with his objections, and sent by the
House of Representatives to the Senate with the mes-
sage of the President returning the bill
fiesolved, That the bill do pass, two-thirds of the
Senate agreeing to pass the same.
Attest : J. "W. FORNEY,
Secretary of the Senate of the United States.
PEOVOST MAESHAL-GENEBAL'S EEPOET.
SHOWING THE NUMBER OF MEN ENLISTED, NUMBER OF KILLED,
WOUNDED, AND DEATHS FEOM DISEASE, DURING THE
REBELLION.
WASHINGTON, D. C., Friday, April 27, 1866.
THE following is a condensed summary of the
results of the operations of this bureau, from its or-
ganization to the close of the war.
1. By means of a full and exact enrollment of all
persons liable to conscription, under the law of
March 3 and its amendments, a complete exhibit of
the military resources of the loyal States, in men,
was made, showing an aggregate number of
2,254,063, not including 1,000,516 soldiers actually
under arms, when hostilities ceased.
2. One million one hundred and twenty thousand
six hundred and twenty-one men were raised, at an
average cost (on account of recruitment exclusive of
262 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
bounties,) of $9.84 per man, while the cost of recruit-
ing of 1,356,593 raised prior to the organization of
the Bureau was $34.01 per man. A saving of over
seventy cents on the dollar in the cost of raising
troops was thus effected under this Bureau, notwith-
standing the increase in the price of subsistence,
transportation, rents, &c., during the last two years
of the war. (Item: The number above given does
not embrace the naval credits allowed under the
eighth section of the act of July 4, 1864, nor credits
for drafted men who paid commutation, the recruits
for the regular army, nor the credits allowed by the
Adjutant-General subsequent to May 25, 1865, for
men raised prior to that date.)
3. Seventy-six thousand five hundred and twenty-
six deserters were arrested and returned to the army.
The vigilance and energy of the officers of the Bu-
reau, in this line of the business, put an effectual
check to the wide-spread evil of desertion, which, at
one time, impaired so seriously the numerical
strength and efficiency of the army.
4. The quotas of men furnished by the various
parts of the country were equalized, and a propor-
tionate share of military service secured from each,
thus removing the very serious inequality of recruit-
ment, which had arisen during the first two years of
the war, and which, when the bureau was organized,
PEOVOST MABSHALL-GENEEAL'S EEPOET. 263
had become an almost insuperable obstacle to the
further progress of raising troops.
5. Records were completed showing minutely the
physical condition of 1,014,776 of the men examined,
and tables of great scientific and professional value
have been compiled from this data.
6. The casualties in the entire military force of
the nation during the war of the rebellion, as shown
by the official muster-rolls and monthly returns,
have been compiled with, in part, this result :
KILLED IN ACTION OR DIED OF WOUNDS WHILE IN SERVICE.
Commissioned officers 5,221
Enlisted men 90,868
DIED FROM DISEASE OR ACCIDENT.
Commissioned officers 2,321
Enlisted men 182,329
Total loss in service 280,739
These figures have been carefully compiled from
the complete official file of muster-rolls and monthly
returns, but yet entire accuracy is not claimed for
them, as errors and omissions to some extent doubt-
less prevailed in the rolls and returns. Deaths (from
wounds or disease contracted in service) which oc-
264 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK,
curred after the men left the army are not included
in these figures.
7. The system of recruitment established by the
Bureau, under the laws of Congress, if permanently
adopted, (with such improvement as experience may
suggest,) will be capable of maintaining the numer-
ical strength and improving the character of the
army in time of peace, or of promptly and econom-
ically rendering available the National forces to any
required extent in time of war.
THE UNITED STATES AEMY.
265
THE UNITED STATES ARMY DURING THE GREAT CIVIL WAB
OP 1861-65.
THE following statement shows the number of men
furnished by each State :
STATES.
Men furnished!
under Act ofl
April 15, 1861,
or 75,000 militia
or 3 months.
Aggregate. No.
of menfurnish'd
under all calls. 1
Aggregate No.
of menfurnish'd
under all calls,
reduced to the 3
years' standard.
Maine
771
779
782
3,736
3,147
2,402
13,906
3,123
20,175
775
71,745
34,605
35,246
151,785
23,711
57,270
464,156
79,511
366,326
13,651
49,731
32,003
16,872
317,133
195,147
258,217
90,119
96,118
25,034
75,860
108,773
78,540
20,097,
12,077
56,595
30,827
29.052
123,844
17,878
50,514
381,696
55,785
267,558
10,303
40,692
27,653
11,506
237,976
152,283
212,694
80,865
78,985
19,675
68,182
86,192
70,348
18,654
12,077
New Hampshire ....
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Maryland
West Virginia
900
4,720
12,357
4,686
4,820
781
817
930
968
10,501
District of Columbia .
Ohio
Indiana
Wisconson
Minnesota .
Iowa
Missouri
Kentucky
650
Tennessee
Arkansas ......
North Carolina
California
7,451
216
617
895
1,279
1,762
181
2,395
7,451
216
581
895
380
1,762
181
1,011
Washington Ter'ty.
Dakota
New Mexico
1,510
Total
93,326
2,688,523
2,154,311
266 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
EISTOEY OF THE FLAG,
BY A DISTINGUISHED HISTOBIA3T.
MEN, in the aggregate, demand something besides
abstract ideas and principles. Hence the desire for
symbols something visible to the eye and that ap-
peals to the senses. Every nation has a flag that
represents the country every army a common ban-
ner, which, to the soldier, stands for that army. It
speaks to him in the din of battle, cheers him in the
long and tedious march, and pleads with him on the
disastrous retreat.
Standards were originally carried on a pole or
lance. It matters little what they may be, for the
symbol is the same.
In ancient times the Hebrew tribes had each its
own standard that of Ephraim, for instance, was a
steer; of Benjamin, a wolf. Among the Greeks, the
Athenians had an owl, and the Thebans a sphynx.
The standard of Romulus was a bundle of hay tied to
a, pole, afterwards a human hand, and finally an eagle.
HISTOET OF THE FLAG. 267
Eagles were at first made of wood, then of silver, with
thunderbolts of gold. Under Caesar they were all
gold, without thunderbolts, and were carried on a
long pike. The Germans formerly fastened a
streamer to a lance, which the duke carried in front
of the army. Kussia and Austria adopted the double
headed eagle. The ancient national flag of England,
all know, was the banner of St. George, a white field
with a red cross. This was at first used in the Col-
onies, but several changes were afterwards made.
Of course, when they separated from the mother
country, it was necessary to have a distinct flag of
their own, and the Continental Congress appointed
Dr. Franklin, Mr. Lynch, and Mr. Harrison, a com-
mittee to take the subject into consideration. They
repaired to the American army, a little over 9,000
strong, then assembled at Cambridge, and after due
consideration, adopted one composed of seven white
and seven red stripes, with the red and white crosses
of St. George and St. Andrew, conjoined on a blue
field in the corner, and named it " The Great Union
Flag." The crosses of St. George and St. Andrew
were retained to show the willingness of the colonies
to return to their allegiance to the British crown, if
their rights were secured. This flag was first hoisted
on the first day of January, 1T76. In the meantime,
the various colonies had adopted distinctive badges,
268 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
BO that the different bodies of troops, that flocked io
the army, had each its own banner. In Connecticut,
each regiment had its own peculiar standard, on
which were represented the arms of the colony, with
the motto, " Qui transtulit sustinet " (he who trans-
planted us will sustain us.) The one that Putnam
gave to the breeze on Prospect Hill on the 18th of
July, 1775, was a red flag, with this motto on one
side, and on the other, the words inscribed, "An
appeal to Heaven." That of the floating batteries
was a white ground with the same "Appeal to
Heaven " upon it. It is supposed that at Bunker Hill
our troops carried a red flag, with a pine tree on a
white field in the corner. The first flag in South Car-
olina was blue, with a crescent in the corner, and
received its first baptism under Moultrie. In 1776,
Col. Gadsen presented to Congress a flag to be used
by the navy, which consisted of a rattle-snake on a
yellow ground, with thirteen rattles, and coiled to
strike. The motto was, " Don't tread on me." " The
Great Union Flag," as described above, without the
crosses, and sometimes with the rattle-snake and
motto, "Don't tread on me," was used as a naval
flag, and called the " Continental Flag."
As the war progressed, different regiments and
corps adopted peculiar flags, by which they were
designated. The troops which Patrick Henry raised
HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 269
*
and called the " Culpepper Minute Men," had a
banner with a rattle-snake on it, and the mottoes,
" Don't tread on me," and " Liberty or death," to-
gether with their name. Morgan's celebrated rifle-
men, called the "Morgan Rifles," not only had a
peculiar uniform, but a flag of their own, on which
was inscribed, "XI. Yirginia Regiment," and the
words, " Morgan's Eifle Corps." On it was also the
date, 1776, surrounded by a wreath of laurel.
Wherever this banner floated, the soldiers knew that
deadly work was being done.
When the gallant Pulaski was raising a body of
cavalry, in Baltimore, the nuns of Bethlehem sent
him a banner of crimson silk, with emblems on it,
wrought by their own hands. That of Washington's
Life Guard was made of white silk, with various
devices upon it, and the motto, " Conquer or die."
It doubtless always will be customary in this
country, during a war, for different regiments to have
flags presented to them with various devices upon
them. It was so during the recent war, but as the
stars and stripes supplant them all, so in our revolu-
tionary struggle, the "Great Union Flag," which
was raised in Cambridge, took the place of all others
and became the flag of the American army.
But in 1777, Congress, on the 19th day of June,
passed the following resolution : " Resolved, That
270 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
the flag of the thirteen United States be thirteen
stripes, alternate red and white, that the union be
thirteen stars, white, in a blue field, representing a
new constellation." A constellation, however, could
not well be represented on a flag, and so it was
changed into a circle of stars, to represent harmony
and union. Red is supposed to represent courage,
white, integrity of purpose, and blue, steadfastness,
love, and faith. This flag, however, was not used
till the following autumn, and waved first over the
memorable battle field of Saratoga.
Thus our flag was born, which to-day is known,
respected, and feared round the entire globe. In
1T94 it received a slight modification, evidently
growing out of the intention at that time of Congress
to add a new stripe with every additional State that
came into the Union, for it passed that year the fol-
lowing resolution: "Jtetolwed, That from and after
the 1st day of May, Anno Domini 1795, the flag of
the United States be fifteen stripes, alternate red and
white. That the union be fifteen stars, white, in a
blue field." In 1818, it was by another resolution
of Congress, changed back into thirteen stripes, with
twenty-one stars, in which it was provided that a
new star should be added to the union on the admis-
sion of each new State. That resolution has never
been rescinded, till now thirty-six stars blaze on our
HISTOEY OP THE FLAG. 271
banner. The symbol of our nationality, the record
of our glory, it has become dear to the heart of the
people. On the sea and on the land its history has
been one to swell the heart with pride. The most
beautiful flag in the world in its appearance, it is
stained by no disgrace, for it has triumphed in every
struggle. Through three wars it bore us on to vic-
tory, and in this last terrible struggle against treason,
though baptized in the blood of its own children, not
a star has been effaced, and it still waves over a
united nation.
Whenever the " Star-Spangled Banner " is sung,
the spontaneous outburst of the vast masses, as the
chorus is reached, shows what a hold that flag has on
the popular heart. It not only represents our nation-
ality, but it is the people's flag. It led them on to
freedom it does something more than appeal to
their pride as a symbol of national greatness it
appeals to their affections as a friend of their dearest
rights. "We cannot better close this short history of
our flag than by appending the following stirring
poem of Drake :
WHEN freedom from her mountain height
Unfurled her standard to the air,
She tore the azure robes of night,
And set the stars of glory there I
272 NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
She mingled with its gorgeous dyes
The milky baldric of the skies,
And striped its pure celestial white
With streakings of the morning light;
Then, from his mansion in the sun,
She called her eagle-bearer down,
And gave into his mighty hand
The symbol of her chosen landl
Majestic monarch of the cloud
Who rear'st aloft thy regal form,
To hear the tempest trumping loud
And see the lightning lances driven,
When strive the warriors of the storm.
And rolls the thunder drum of heaven,
Child of the sunl to thee 'tis given
To guard the banner of the free ;
To hover in the sulphur smoke,
To ward away the battle stroke;
And bid its blendings shine afar,
Like rainbows on the cloud of war
The harbinger of victoryl
Flag of the brave I thy folds shall fly,
The sign of hope and triumph high,
When speaks the signal trumpet tone,
And the long line comes gleaming on,
(Ere yet the life-blood, warm and wet,
Hath dimmed the glittering bayonet,)
Each soldier's eye shall brightly turn
To where thy sky-born giories burn,
HISTORY OF THE FLAG. 273
And, as his springing steps advance,
Catch war and vengeance from the glance ;
And when the cannon's mouthings loud
Heave in wild wreaths the battle shroud,
And gory sabres rise and fall,
Like shoots of flame on midnight's pall;
Then shall thy meteor glances glow,
And cowering foes shall shrink beneath
Each gallant arm that strikes below
That lovely messenger of death.
Flag of the seas I on ocean wave
Thy stars- shall glitter o'er the brave,
When death, careering on the gale,
Sweeps darkly round the bellied sail,
And frightened waves rush wildly back,
Before the broadside's reeling rack,
Each dying wanderer of the sea,
Shall look at once to heaven and thee,
And smile to see thy splendor fly,
In triumph o'er his closing eye.
Flag of the free, heart's hope and home I
By angel hands to valor given;
Thy stars have lit the welkin dome,
And all thy hues were born in heaven I
Forever float that standard sheet 1
Where breathes the foe but falls before us?
With Freedom's soil beneath our feet,
And Freedom's banner streaming o'er us?
12*
274 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE EEBELLION.
For a Chronology of Battles, see page 280.
1859.
Oct. 16. John Brown and fifteen white men and five negroes
seize the arsenal at Harper's Ferry, and kill four of the in-
habitants.
Oct. 17. The militia and Federal troops besiege Brown and
his men in the armory.
Oct. 18. The armory captured by Colonel E. E. Lee (now
General). Twelve of Brown's men killed. Brown and
four men taken prisoners.
Nov. 30. South Carolina Legislature offer resolutions, that
she is ready to enter with other States into the formation
of a Southern Confederacy.
Dec. 2. John Brown and two negroes hung at Charlestown,
Ya.
I860.
April 23. The Democratic National Convention assemble at
Charleston, S. C., and adjourn to meet at Baltimore, June
18. The Southern Delegates secede, and meet at same
time and place.
IMPORTANT EVENTS OF THE EEBELLION. 275
May 9. The Constitutional Union Convention meet at Balti-
more, and nominate John Bell for President, and Edward
Everett for Yice-President.
May 18. The Republican Convention at Chicago nominate
Abraham Lincoln for President, and Hannibal Hamlin for
Yice-President.
June 23. The National Democratic Convention at Baltimore
nominate Douglas and Fitzpatrick. The Seceders nom-
inate Breckin ridge and Lane.
Dec. 5. The U. S. Treasury suspends specie payment.
" 20. South Carolina " Ordinance of Secession " passed.
1861.
Jan. 9. Mississippi " " "
" 11. Alabama " " "
" 11. Florida " " "
" 19. Georgia "
" 26. Louisiana " " "
" 21. Jefferson Davis, of Mississippi, withdraws from the
U. S. Senate.
" 29. Secretary Dix's despatch to New Orleans, " If any one
attempts to haul down the American flag, shoot him on
the spot."
Feb. 1. Texas Ordinance of Secession passed.
" 9. Jefferson Davis and A. H. Stephens elected President
and Vice-Preside nt of the Southern Confederacy by the
Convention at Montgomery, Ala.
April 12. Bombardment of Fort Sumter the first gun fired
of the Rebellion "nobody hurt" - J-
" 15. President Lincoln calls for 75,000 three months'
volunteers.
" 16. The Confederate Government calls for 32,000 men,
276 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
April 16. Virginia " Ordinance of Secession " passed in secret
session.
" 16. N. Y. Legislature appropriates $3,000,000 for war
purposes.
' 17. Jefferson Davis grants letters of marque.
" 19. Sixth Massachusetts Eegiment mobbed in Balti-
more while en route to "Washington.
" 19. President Lincoln orders the blockade of Southern
ports.
" 26. Governor Brown, of Georgia, by proclamation, pro-
hibits the payment of all debts to Northern creditors till
the end of hostilities.
May 6. Arkansas " Ordinance of Secession " passed.
" 21. North Carolina " "
" 24. Colonel Ellsworth shot at Alexandrfa, Va.
" 30. Secretary Cameron declares slaves contraband of war.
June 3. Hon. S. A. Douglas died at Chicago. His dying mes-
sage to his son was, " Tell them to obey the laws, and
support the Constitution of the IT. S."
" 8. The Sanitary Commission authorized and appointed by
the Government.
" 24. Tennessee secedes by a vote of 104,913 for, and
32,134 against.
July 8. $5,000,000 loaned the Government in five hours by
N. Y. merchants.
" 10. President Lincoln calls for 500,000 volunteers.
Aug. 14. All Union men notified by Jefferson Davis to leave
the Confederate States in forty days.
11 16. The President issues a proclamation confiscating rebel
property.
Nov. 8. Captain Wilkes, of the TJ. S. steamer San Jacinto.
BIPORTAOT EVENTS OF THE EEBELLION. 277
captures Mason and Slidell, rebel emissaries, on board
the English steamer Trent.
Nov. 19. The First "Stone Fleet" sailed for the South from
Connecticut and Massachusetts.
11 20. Kentucky, in State Convention, adopts an Ordinance
of Secession.
Dec. 4. John C. Breckinridge expelled from the U. S. Senate.
" 20. The main channel of Charleston Harbor obstructed by
sinking sixteen vessels of the " Stone Fleet."
" 26. The Cabinet Council at Washington decide to give
up Mason and Slidell.
" 28. New York banks suspend specie payments.
ises.
Feb. 1. The President authorized by Act of Congress to take
possession of all the railway and telegraphic lines when
required for military purposes.
" 14. Commodore Foote receives his death-wound in an en-
gagement at Fort Donelson.
March 8. The first Iron-Clad Naval Engagement between the
Monitor and Merrimac.
Aug. 9. Recruiting brisk, and drafting in several States
travelling restricted by order of Government to prevent
fugitives escaping.
Sept. 22. The President issues his Emancipation Proclamation
to take effect January 1, 1863.
" 24. The President suspends the writ of Habeas Corpus.
1863.
Feb. 16. The Senate pass the Conscription Bill, and on the 25th
the House pass the same.
July 13. Great Draft Riot in New York continues four days.
The Colored Orphan Asylum and a number of buildings
278 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
burned. Twenty-five of the militia and police killed or
wounded, and 150 of the rioters.
164.
June 5. Fremont and Cochrane nominated for President and
Vice-President, but subsequently resign.
" 8. The Baltimore Convention nominate Lincoln and
Johnson for President and Yice-President.
u 19. The Pirate Alabama sunk by the Kearsarge off the
coast of France.
Nov. 8. Lincoln and Johnson elected President and Yice-
President.
" 25. Hotels in New York burned by Southern incen-
diaries.
1865.
Jan. 31. General R. E. Lee appointed Commander-in-Chief of
Eebel forces by Jefferson Davis.
Feb. 4. Failure of the Peace Negotiations with Rebel Commis-
sioners. Gold in Richmond 4,400.
March 11. The President orders the disfranchisement of non-
reporting deserters.
April 3. Evacuation of Richmond. Jefferson Davis at Dan-
ville, Ya., a fugitive.
" 4. President Lincoln holds a levee in Jefferson Davis'
house.
" 7. Grant urges Lee to surrender, to save further effusion
of blood.
" 9. Lee surrenders the Army of Northern Yirginia to
General Grant.
" 10. Great rejoicing all over the country.
" 13. Grant advises the draft to be stopped and recruiting
to cease.
IMPOETANT EVENTS OF THE REBELLION. 279
April 14. President Lincoln shot in Ford's Theatre, Washing-
ton, by J. Wilkes Booth.
" 15. President Lincoln dies at 7.20 A.M. Andrew John-
son becomes the seventeenth President.
" 21. General Kirby Smith by proclamation asserts his
ability to continue the Rebellion.
" 26. General J. E. Johnson surrenders with 27,500 men.
May 9. President Johnson issues a Peace Proclamation declar-
ing the war at an end.
" 10. Jefferson Davis captured at Irwinville, Ga.
" 13. $30,000,000 Seven-Thirty Loan subscribed this day.
280
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
CHKONOLOGICAL TABLE
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Eebel.
1861.
April 12
" 19
June 3
" 16
" 17
" 18
" 20
" 28
July 2
" 4
" 6
" 6
" 8
" 10
" 10
" 12
" 12
" 13
" 17
" 18
" 18
" 21
" 22
Aug. 2
" 5
Bombardment of Ft. Sumter. .
Riot, Baltimore
Maj. Anderson. .
Qen. Beauregard
Philippi, Ya .
Cols. Kelly and
Landers
Maj. Everett....
G-en. Lyon
Capt Cook . . .
Col. Porterfield.
Capt.
Gen. Price
Gov. Jackson...
Maj.-Gn. Magru-
der
Seneca Mills, Md
Boonesville, Mo
Near Warsaw, Mo . ....
Big Bethel
Brig.-Gen. Price.
Shorter's Hill, Va
Martinsburg
Gen. Patterson, .
9th N. Y
Col. Sigel
45 of the 3d Ohio
Gen. Johnson...
Price & Jackson.
Harper's Ferry
Carthage, Mo
Middle Fork Bridge, Va
Burlington, W. Va
Monroe Station, Mo
Col Smith
Gen. Harris. . . .
Col. Pegram... .
Col. Pegram. . . .
Laurel Hill, Va.
Cols. McCook &
Andrews
Gren. McClellan.
Col Woodruff
Rich Mountain, Va
Barbourville, Va
Carrick Ford, Va
Gen. McClellan.
Gen. Garnett. . .
Scarytown, Va
Kansas City, Mo. . .
Maj. Van Horn.
Glen. Tyler
Blackburn's Ford, Va
"-H8SESZ!:;
j Gen. Irwin )
{ McDowell f
Gren. Beauregard
Dug Spring, Mo
Gen. Lyon
Gren. Price
Point of Rocks, Md
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK.
281
OF THE WAE,
Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners.
Eemarks.
Union.
Eebel.
Reported, " Nobody hurt."
First blood shed of the four years'
Rebellion.
Successful retreat of Sigel.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Capture of 200 tents, 60 wagons,
and 6 cannon.
Rebels defeated.
Gen. Garnett killed.
Three Federal colonels and two
captains captured.
Rebels defeated.
Federal loss 28 pieces artillery,
5,000 small arms.
3 k. 7 w
2 k. 2 w. 2 m . . . .
7 k. 8 w
16k., 26m
3k
2 k 8 w .. .
35 k. and w., 30 p.
45 k. and w
25 k. 52 w. 28 p..
16k. 34 w. 6 m,..
Ik. 1 w
k.,w., & m.uncer. .
2k
3k 10 w....
30 k. and w., 20 p.
2k. 3 w.....
13k. 31 w
1 k 3 w
250 k. and w. . . . .
7 k and w
2 k. 6 w
20 k. 40 w
30 k. and w., 70 p.
1 k. 3 w
11 k 35 w ... .
140k. 150 w.l 50 p.
12k
1 k
13 k 40 w
150 k. & w., 800 p.
9 k. 38 w. 9 m. . . .
Ik
20 k and w
83 k. andw..
4500 k., w., and p.
481k.1011w.700p.
68 k. and w
1852 k. andw
2w
9 k. 30 w.
5k. 10 w
40 k. 80 w
None
3 k. 2 w. 7 p
282
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Eebel.
1861.
Aug. 5
" 10
" 13
" 19
" 26
" 29
Sept. 1
" 1
" 10
" 12
" 13
12-14
" 14
" 17
u 17
" 20
" 21
" 23
" 25
" 25
" 26
Oct. 3
" 8
" 9
" 12
" 13
" 13
" 15
" 16
" 19
" 21
" 21
21
" 22
Athens Mo
Wilson's Creek, Mo
Gen. Lyon
Gens. Price and
McCulloch...
Charleston Mo. . . .
Col. Dougherty
and Lieut.-Col.
Ransom . .
Col. Hunter
Col. Tyler
Lexington, Mo
Col. Reed
Bennett's Mills, Mo
Gen. Rosecranz.
Maj. Gavitt
Capt. Eppstein..
Gn. J.J.Reynolds
Floyd
Ben. Talbott....
Col. Brown.
Black River, Mo
Booneville Mo
Cheat Mountain, W. Va
Gen. R. E. Lee.
Kansas City, Mo ... .
Blue Mills Landing, Mo
Lieut. Col. Scott.
Col. Mulligan . . .
Gen. Lane
GnD.R.Atchison
Gen. Price
Lexington, Mo
Papinsville, Mo
Mechanicsville Gap Va
Chapmansville, W. Va
Col. Pratt
Col. J. W. Davis
Osceola, Mo
Col.Montgomery
Lucas Bend, Ky
Greenbrier, W. Va
Gn.J.J.Reynolds
Lieut. Sadler. . .
Col. W. Wilson.
Maj James
Gn.H.A.Jackson
Capt. Holliday. .
Gen. Anderson. .
Hillsboro, Ky
Cameron Ray Co., Mo.
18 miles N.E. of Lebanon, Mo.
Maj. Wright. . . .
Lieut. Tufts. . . .
Capts. Lowel &
Wright
Big River Bridge, Mo. . . .
GnJff. Thompson
Gen. Thompson .
Maj. Gavitt
Big Hurricane Creek, Mo.. . . .
Edwards' Ferry Va
Col. E. D. Baker
Gen. p]vans
Jeff. Thompson &
Col. Lowe....
Gen. Evans ....
Ball's Bluff
Buffalo Mills, Mo .
Col. Baker
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR.
283
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Remarks.
Union.
Eebel.
10k. andw
223k. 721 w.292m
23 k 50 W
5 wagon-loads of supplies and 40
horses were captured from the
rebels.
Gen. Lyon killed.
Rebels routed.
Rebel loss not known.
Rebel loss not known.
Rebels retreated with small loss.
421k. 1317 w. 3m
1 k. 6 w
20 k. and w., 17 p
15 k 40 w 30 p.
6 or 6 w
8 k. several w. . . .
3 k. 6 w
6 w
30 k .
16 k. 102 w
Unknown
5 k. 4 p .
100 horses and their tents and
supplies were captured.
And all their tents and supplies,
lebels defeated.
CoL J. W. Davis killed.
lebels routed.
A drawn battle.
lebels routed.
Jnions burned the bridge.
Rebels defeated.
Col. Lowe killed, 80 prisoners and
4 heavy guns captured.
Col. Baker killed.
1 k. 4 w
13 k. 20 w. 60 p..
12 k. 30 w
100 k. & w., 20 p..
7 k. 6p
7k...
100 k. and w
42k.l08w. 1624 p.
17 k.40 w
3k. 10 w
4 k. 8 w
1 k. 4 w
25 k. 75 w
40k. 100 p
15 k. 30 w
29k. 50 w. 47 p..
10 k
None
8k. 32 w
3 k. 3 w
13k.21 w
Ik. 4 w
4k. 5 p
100k. 95 w. 13 p..
11 k. 29 w. 22 p..
100 k. & w. 35 p..
8 k. 5 p. .
1 k
62 k. and w., 30 p.
2 k. and w
2 k. 5 w. 3 m
1 k. 6 w
5 k. and 4 w . .
11 k
14 w
223 k. 250 w. 500 p
7 k. 60 w
36 k. and w
14k. 8 p
200 k. and w
Rebel loss heavy. .
36 k. 264 w. 2 p..
20 k. and w. 60 p..
223k.266w.455m.
284
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Kebel.
1861.
Oct. 23
" 23
" 25
" 26
" 26
Nov. 2
" 7
7
" 7
" 8
" 8
1 10
1 10
1 11
' 12
' 14
1 18
" 22
" 24
" 25
" 29
Dec. 1
" 2
" 3
" 4
" 5
" 7
u 7
" 11
11 13
" 17
" 17
" 18
" 20
" 20
West Liberty, Ky
Hodo-esville, Ky.
Lieut. Gray son.
Maj Zagonyi
Springfield Mo
New Creek, Va
Gen. B. F. Kelley
Col.A.McDonald
Plattsburg, Mo.
Platte City, Mo
Maj. Josephs . . .
Gens. Grant &
Me Cl ern an d
Silas Gordon...
Port Royal, S. C
Com. Dupont &
General "W. T
Sherman ....
Gen. Grant. . . .
Gen. Dray ton. . .
Gen. Polk
Belmont Mo
Holla, Mo
Piketon, Ky
Nelson's Brigade
New River, Va
Col.K.V.Whaley
Col. Anthony
Kansas City, Mo
McCoy's Mill, Va
Gen. Benham. . .
Gn. Floyd's array
Fort Pickens Fla
Lancaster Va .
Col Moore
Lt. Col. Blanton .
Dranesville, Va
Col Bayard
Black "Walnut Creek, Mo
Maj Hough
Hunter's Chapel
Gen Blenker
Capts. Young &
"Wheatley. . . .
Cols. Freeman &
Turner.
Salem, Mo
^Taj. Bowen ....
"Whip-poor-will Bridge, Ky . . .
Home Guards. .
GnT.C.Hindman
Dam No. 5, Va
Olathe, Mo
Bertrand, Mo
Lt. Col. Rhodes.
3rig. Gn. Milroy.
Gen. Pope
Col. J. C. Davis &
Gen. Steele. . .
Col. B. Johnson.
Gen. Bragg
M umfordsville, Ky
Osceola, Mo
Millford Mo
Danesville, Va
Gen. E. 0. C. Ord
M^j McKc6
Gen. Stuart....
Hudson Mo
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK.
285
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Bemarks.
Union.
Eebel.
8w.'!!.'."!."!.".!!i
48 k. 27 w. 10 m.
2 k. 14 w
10 k. 5 w. 6 p. . .
3 k. 5 w.
106k. 27 p
10k. 15 w
8 k 12 p
Lieut. Grayson severely wounded.
Rebels routed.
Col. Angus McDonald captured.
500 head of cattle, 40 horses and
mules captured.
Rebels defeated.
Col. Whaley captured.
Union troops withdrawn.
Col. Crogham killed.
Many wounded and prisoners.
tfaj. Hough wounded.
Rebels defeated.
13k. and w., 30 p.
155 p. .
89 k. 150 w. 150 m
8k. 23 w. 2500 p.
84 k. 288 w. 285m.
k.& w. not reported
261k.427 w.278m
9p..
6 k. 24 w
10k. 15 w
8k. 10 w .
8 k. 12 w. 45 p. .
8 k. 8 w
2 k ;.
12p..
15k
150p..
2 k. 13 w..
1 k. 2 w
13k . .
2 w
6w
Ik
2k.4p
I7k.5p
4 k. and w. 2 p . . .
7k 10 w..
Rebels defeated ; loss unknown.
15 k. and w
4.w
6 k. and w. 11 p. .
3 k. 5 w
Rebels defeated.
Rebels report about the same loss,
lebels defeated.
70 wagons with stores & equipage,
lebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
12k
2 k
1 k
3 k. 5 w
16p..
20 k. 107 w. 10 m.
10 k 17 w
33 k 60 w
2 k. 17 w
300p
1300 p
7 k. 61 w
5 k. 150 w. 30 p.
10k. 17 p
286
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Eebel.
1861.
Dec. 22
" 28
1362.
Jan. 1
" 4
" 4
" 7
" 7
" 7
" 8
" 10
" 19
Feb. 7
" 8
8
9
14
14
14
16
17
" 18
" 21
March 7
" 8
" 8
" 14
( Newport News, Va. )
/ New Market Bridge J ' '
Maj. Schoepf. ..
Col. Jno. Glover
Gen Stevens
Port Royal Ferry S C...
Bath, Va
Gen. Jackson.. .
Huntersville W. Va
Maj Webster
Blue's Gap, "W. Va
Col. Dunning. .
30 miles east Button, W. Va. .
Paintsville, Ky
Col.H. Anisansel
Col. Garfield...
Maj. Torrence. .
Gen. Garfield. . .
Gen. Thomas. . .
Col. Friedman. .
Hum'y Marshall
Col. Poindexter.
Hum'y Marshall.
Gen. Zollicoffer.
Silver Creek Mo
Mill Sprint, Ky. .
Capture of forts t>n Roanoke
Island, N. C
Com. Goldsbo-
rough & Gen.
Burnside
Capt. Smith ....
Gen. Wise
Near Fort Henry Tenn
Com. Foote and
Gren. Grant. . .
Gen. Lander. . .
Gen. Tilghman. .
Blooming Gap, Va
Flat Lick Ford, Ky. . . .
Col Munday
Fort Donelson
Capture of Fort Donelson
Sugar Creek, Ark
Com. Foote
Gen. Grant
Gen. Buckner. . .
Quantrell and
Parker
Valverde, N. M
CoL Cranby. . . .
Capt. Cole . . .
Col Steele
Winchester, Va
Pea Ridge, Ark
Gens. Curtiss, Si-
gel, Asboth, &
Gens. Van Dorn,
Price, McCul-
loch, and Pike
Hampton Roads, Va
U. S. war ship
Cumberland..
Gen. Pope
Gens. McCrogan,
Stuart, Gauth.
CHKONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK.
287
Killed, Wounde<
I, and Prisoners.
Union.
P.ebel.
6 w
10k
3 k. 46 w
25 k. 150 w. 40 p
90 horses and 105 stand of arms
3 k. 11 w
6 k. 12 w
were captured.
Rebels retreated.
3 k. 30 p
7k..*
Unions retreated.
None
2 k. 1 w
3 k. 10 w
2k. 25 w
39 k. 207 w
2 w
2k. 7 w
15k. 20 p
22 k. and w
15p
12k. 22 w. 15 p..
50k. 25 p
192 k. 140 p
1 k. 12 p
$50,000 worth of army stores were
captured.
3 cannon and their wagons were
captured.
56 head of cattle and 15 horses
were captured.
Rebels dispersed.
Rebels retreated.
Rebels retreated.
Gen. Zollicofler killed, 1,200 horses
and mules, 100 large wagons and
2,000 muskets were captured.
12 horses captured.
50k. 150 w
1 k. 1 w
39 k. 23 w
7k
30 k. 50 w. 2500 p..
8 k. 7 w. 17 p
5k. 30 p
13 k., 20 w , 65 p
6 forts, 40 guns, and 3000 small
arms were captured.
32 horses captured.
including 17 officers.
None
60 k. and w
4k. 4 w. 3p
Com. Foote was severely wounded.
446 k. 1785 w. and
150p .
231 k. 1007 w. and
15 000 p
Brig. Gen. Buckner captured.
Gens Floyd and Pillow escaped.
13 k. and w
1 k 3 w
3k....
55 k. 140 w
Rebel loss about the same.
3w
1351 k. w. andm.
100 k. & drowned.
6 k. 5 w
2000 k. and w
Capt Cole wounded. ^
Gens. McCulloch, Mclntosh, and
Slack were killed.
U. S. sloop-of-war Cumberland de-
stroyed.
51 k
$100,000 worth of military stores
were captured from the Rebels.
288
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK,
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
BebeL
1862.
Mar. 14
" 14
"15-18
" 22
" 23
" 26
" 28
" 29
April 5
6-7
" 8
1-1
" 11
" 11
" 16
" 20
" 26
May S
" 4
" 5
" 7
" 8
" 8
" 9
" 9
" 13
11 13
" 14
" 15
" 15
" 16
Newborn, N. C
Gen. Burnside. .
Col. Carter and
Lt.Cl.Keigwin
Gen. Branch . . .
Cumberland Mts , Ky
Independence Mo
Quantrell
Winchester Va
Gen. Shields...
Gn. T. J. Jackson
Vallis Ranch N. M
Col. Slough
Capt. Thompson
Gen. McClellan .
Gens. Grant and
Buell
Col. Scurry and
Maj. Pyron. . .
Col. Parker
Warrensburg Mo
Sie^e of Yorktown, Va
Pittsburg Landing, Tenn
Corinth Miss . . .
Gens. Johnson &
Beanregard . .
Gen. Sherman
Bombardment and capture of
Island No 10 . . .
Com. Foote and
Gen. Pope...
Gen. Hunter.. . .
Gen. Makad . . .
Col. Olmstead.,
Capture of Fort Pulaski, Ga...
Yorktown, Ya
Lee's Mills Ya
Gen. McClellan.
Gen. Reno
Gens. Burnside
and Parker . . .
Gen. Lee
South Mills, N. C
Fort Macon N C
Col. White
Farmington Miss
Williamsburg Ya . .
Gen. Stoneman.
Gens. Kearney
and Hooker . .
Col. Foster. ....
(i
Gen. Longstreet
Somerville Heights, Ya
Corinth Miss
Maj Arlington .
McDowell, W. Ya
Gens. Schenck &
Milroy
12m. from Athens, Ala
Farmington, Miss
McDowell, Ya
Capt. Connet. . .
Gen. Pope
Gens. Milroy &
Schenck
Col. Woodward.
Gens. Ruggles,
Price, Yan Dorn.
Gen. Jackson..
Monterey, Tenn
Trenton Bridge N C
Near Trenton N C
Maj. Fitzsimons .
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR.
289
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Kemarks.
Union.
Eebel.
39 k. 150 w
50 k. 200 w. 200 p.
3 k. 6 w. 18 p
6 forts captured.
59 horses, 100 guns, and 100 sa-
bres were captured.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels retreated in disorder.
Many wounded.
Rebels retreated.
Col. Parker and Capt. Walton taken
prisoners.
Beauregard's Report.
47 guns and 40,000 pounds of
powder captured.
Rebels routed.
Fort captured.
Rebel loss heavier.
Unions retreated.
Maj. Arlington killed.
Rebel loss computed to be much
greater.
Capt. Connet captured.
Rebel loss much greater.
Unions lost their camp, baggage,
and stores.
Rebels defeated.
Naval engagement.
Maj. Fitzsimons wounded.
Ik
100k. 400 w
7 k. 11 p
600 k. 300 p
15k
88k. 64 w. 17 p..
2 k
80k. 100 w. 93 p.
15 k 25 p
1614 k. 7721 'w.
3963 m
3k. 22 w
1728 k. 8012 w.
959 m. . . .
15 k. 25 w
17k 6300 p
1 k. 1 w
3 w. 360 p
32 k. 100 w
90 k
25 k. 75 w
1 k. 3 w
7k. 18 w
8 k
2 k. 20 w
7 k. 25 p ..
2073k. <few. 623 p.
29 k. .
500 p .
4w
30k. 200 w
30 k
5 k
13 k
40 k. 120 w
20 k 177 w
40 k. 200 w
2 k
10 k
10 k
17 k. 20 w
17 k . .. ..
6 p
6 k. many w
13
290
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Rebel
1862.
May 17
" 18
" 18
" 19
" 20
" 21
11 23
" 23
" 24
" 25
" 26
" 27
" 28
" 29
" 29
" 30
" 30
" -31
" 31
June 1
" 1
" 4
" 8
" 9
" 10
" 12
" 14
" 15
Corinth
Near Searey Ark
Gen. Osterhaus
Gen. Cox
Princeton, Va
Newborn N C
Humphrey Mar-
shall
Moorfield, Va
Lt. Col. Downey
Near Corinth Miss
Lewisburg. Va.
On the Chickahominy
Col. Cook
Gen. Heath
New Bridge, on the Chicka-
hominy
4th Mich
5th La
Winchester Va
Gen. N. P. Banks
Col. Cluseret...
Gens. Ewell and
Johnson
Gen. Jackson . . .
Near Winchester Va
Near Hanover C. H , Va . . .
Corinth Miss
Col. Purcell . . .
Gen. Morell. . . .
Gen. Branch. . . .
Pocotaligo S C
Corinth Miss .
Gen. Halleck . .
Gen. Beauregard
Front Royal, Va
Near Washington, N C.
Fair Oak^ Va
Gen. McClellan.
Gen. Fremont. .
Gn. J.E. Johnson
Gen. Jackson
Between Strasburg and Staun-
ton, Va
Near Jasper, Tenn
Gen. Negley . . .
Gen. Fremont. .
Gen. Shields
Gen. Adams . . .
Gen. Stonewall
Jackson
Gen. Jackson . . .
Cross Keys, Va
Port Republic Va
Near Village Creek', Ark
On James Island S C
Col. Brackett. . .
Capt. Hooker. . .
On James Island, Secession-
ville, SO
Gen. Benham . .
Col. Lamar
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR.
291
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Eemarks.
Union.
Eebel.
10 k. 81 w
12k. many w .
Rebel loss about 100.
Cox defeated.
4 cannons and 200 stand of arms
were captured from the rebels.
Many rebels killed.
Banks retreated.
Rebel killed and wounded un-
known.
Rebel loss between 200 and 300
k. and w., and 500 pris.
Rebel killed left on the field.
2000 prisoners and large supplies
taken.
6 officers were captured, 2 engines,
and 11 cars.
Rebels defeated.
30 k. 70 \v
5 k
11 k
25 k
4k. 12 p
10k.40w. 8miss'g
1 k. 6 w
100 p..
15 w. 31 p
50 k. and w., 37 p.
10 k
7 w
25 p. .
54k. 194 w. & m.
25 k. and w. . .
30 k
53 k. 326m
400k. Aw., 600 p.
20 k. and w
11 k
8k. 5 w
2 w
20k. & w., 156 p..
11 k
890k. 3627 w. and
1222 p
2800 k. 3897 w...
Rebels defeated.
iebel loss considerable.
Union troops retreated. Rebel loss
about 1000.
lebel killed and wounded left on
tlie field,
lebels defeated.
Jnions defeated.
12 k. and w
5739 loss
8000 k. and w. . . .
12k. & w., 25 p..
125 k. 500 w
67 k. 361 w. and
5740 m
4k. 13 w
13 w
15k. 2 w
28 k., w., and p. . .
17 k. 8 w
3 k. 19 w
685 k., w., and p..
40 k. 100 w
292
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Kebel.
1862.
June 18
" 25
" 26
" 27
" 27
" 27
July 1
" 23
" 24
" 25
" 28
" 29
Aug. 2
" 5
" 5
" 6
" 7
u 7
" 7
" 9
" 11
" 11
" 11
" 11
" 12
" 15
" 16
" 19
" 20
" 20
" 21
" 22
" 25
" 27
" 28
Near Smith ville, Ark. . . .
Oak Grove, Va
Maj. Zeley
Gen. Hooker. . .
McClellan
Gen. McClellan.
Gen. Porter
Col. Brackett. . .
Capt. Jones. . . .
Gen. Lee
Gen. Lee
Gen Lee
Chickahominy
Near Richmond
Games' Mills, "Va.
Gen. Lee
Village Creek Ark
Mah-era Hill Va
Gen. McClellan.
Maj. Caldwell . .
Capt. Harman . .
Gen Lee
Florida Mo
Col. Porter
Near Decatur Ala ...
Near Orange C. H , Ya
Gen. Gibson
Moore's Mills Mo
Cols. Porter and
Cobb
Brownsville Tenn
Capt. Dollin
Orange C. H., Ya
Gen. Crawford..
Gen, Williams . .
Baton Rouge La .
Gen. J. C. Breck-
inridge
Malvern Hill, Ya.
Near Mattapony River, Ya. . .
Fort Filmore, N M
Generals Gibbon
and Cutter . . .
CoLCanby
Gen. Stuart
Col. Sibley
Capt. Faulkner.
Col. Porter ....
Kirkville, Mo.
Col. McNeill . . .
Gen. Banks ....
Cedar Mountain, Ya
Gen. Jackson. . .
Jeff. Thompson .
CoL Poindexter.
Anderson
11 miles east of Helena, Ark.
Compton's Ferry Mo
Col. Guitars
Col. McGowan..
Kindfirhook, Tenn , . ....
Clarendon, Ark
Gallatin, Tenn
Col. Miller. ...
CoL T.W. Harris
Maj. Foster. . . .
Capt Moore. . . .
Col. J. H. Mor-
Merriwether's Landing, Tenn .
Low Jack, Mo
Capt. Bartield..
Col. Coffee
Near Hickman, Mo
CoL J. H. Mor-
firan
Near Union Mills, Mo
Maj. Price
Pinckney's Island, S C
Near Gallatiu, Tenn
Gen. Johnson. .
Morgan
Col. Wood ward.
Gen. Eweli
Gen. Forrest...
Kettle Run, Ya
Gan. Hooker...
Col. Murphy . . .
Readyville, Tenn.
CHKONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR.
293
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Union.
Eebel.
Keniarks.
3 k 4 w
200 loss
80 k. 150 w..
4 w. 15 p.
Over 1000.
7500 k., w. &m...
2k. 31 w
About 1000..
About the same.
About 3000.
10 k. 30 w,
5 k. 12 w. &p.
10k. 30 w
4k. 6 w
4k. 12 W...
52 k. 100 w.. ..
10k. & w., 11 p..
250 k., w., and m.
600 k., w., and m
72 p.
20k. 30 w.
1500 k., w., and p
1000k. 1500 w...
100k. &w., '200 p.
7 k. 27 p
600 p
Capt. Jones captured.
Rebel loss much the heaviest.
Rebels retreated.
Federals retreated.
Federals defeated, with a loss of
26 men.
Rebels defeated.
Rebel w. left on the field.
Gen. Williams killed. The rebels
were defeated.
Rebel troops defeated.
Rebel troops defeated.
Rebels repulsed.
Eebels defeated.
60 k. 100 w
2w
6 k. and many w. ,
20 k. 9p
110k. andw
4 k. 19 p
4k. 3 w
3k., 3 w.,32 p...
64 k. 100 w. 200 p
7 k. 20 w.
1 k. 4 p..
About 800 k. & w.
800 k.&w., 1000 p,
16 horses captured.
Gen. Johnson and his staff cap-
tured.
Rebels repulsed with heavy loss.
Rebels driven from the field.
Rebels defeated.
294:
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Kebel.
1862.
Aug. 28
" 29
" 30
29-30
" 30
Sept. 1
" 1
" 2
" 2
" 4
" 4
" 6
' 6
11 6
" 7
8
" 9
" 9
" 10
" 10
" 12
" 14
" 14
" 15
" 15
ci 17
" 17
" 17
6 miles west of Centreville, Va.
Gens. McDowell
and Sigel
Gens. Hooker,
Sigel, Kear-
ney, Reno, and
King
Gen. Jackson. . .
Gens. Jackson
and Longstreet
Gen. Lee
2d Bull Run,
Gen. Pope
Gens. Mason and
Craft
Richmond Ky
Gen. E. Kirby
Smith
Col, Leggett
Col. Dennis
Gen. Pope
Gen. Armstrong
Gen. Armstrong
Gens. Jackson,
EwelL, and Hill
Col. Garret.
Britton's Lane Tenn ...
Chantilly, Va.
Near Plymouth, N.
Sergt. Green. ..
Lt -CoL Foster.
Near Slaughterville Ky
Port Ridgely Minn
Indians
Washington, N. C. . ".
Near Martinsburg Va . .
Gen. JuL White
Washington, N. C
Capture of Shepherdsvttle, Ky.
Near Poolesville, Md
Maj. Chapman..
CoL Campbell. . .
Gen. Keyes
Col. Siber
Williamsburg Va
CoL Shingle
Gen. Stuart....
Gen.Loring. . . .
Edwards' Ferry, on the Poto-
mac
Fayette, Va
Near Coldwater, Miss ...
Middletown, Md
iouth Mountain, Md.
Gens. Hooker &
Reno
Col. Wilder
Gen. Lee
Gen. Duncan . . .
Mumfordsville Ky
Harper's Ferry (3 days siege) .
Near Durhamville, Tenn
Falmouth, on Ky. Cen. R.R. .
Near Florence Ky
Col Miles
Gen. A. P. Hill.
Lt. CoL Faulkner
Lieut. R. Griffin.
Maj Foley
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE.
295
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Union.
Eebel.
Remarks.
6000k. and w...
800 k., 4000 w., &
3000 p
200 k., 700 w.,
2000 p
6 k., 18 w., 64m.
200 k. and w. .
12,000k., w.,&m
700 k. 3000 w. . . .
250k. 500 w..
180k. 220 w..
13k. 47 w,
30k.40p
3 k., 2 w. f 25 p.. .
8 k. 36 w.
2k. 10 w.
33k. 100 w....
5 Op. besides k. &w
30 k. 36 p
85 p
1 k. 8 w
5 capts., 4 lieuts.,
and Capt. Camp-
bell p
8 k. CoL Shingle k
100 k. and w.
Rebels driven back with loss and
many prisoners.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels routed.
Rebels defeated.
Heavy loss on both sides. Death
of Gens. Kearney and Stearns.
Rebels defeated with loss.
Federal gunboat exploded her
magazine during the engage-
ment. 18 killed and wounded.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels repulsed with the loss of
90 men.
Federals defeated.
4 k. 30 w.
80 k. and w
443 k. 1 806 w. 7 6m
500 k., 2343 w., &
1500 p
80 k., 120 w., and
11,583 p
2 k. 10 w
1 w
Ik. 1 w
1500 k. and w.
8 k. 20 w. . . .
2 k. 4w. 1 p..
k. 7 w...
Gen. Reno killed.
iebels defeated,
federals surrender,
killed.
CoL Miles
296
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Eebel.
1862.
Sept. 17
il 17
" 19-20
" 19-20
" 20
" 21
" 21
" 21
" 22
" 22
" 23
" 29
" 30
" 30
Oct. 1
" 1
" 3
" 3
" 3-5
" 6
" 6
" 7
" 8
" 9
" 11
" 14
" 15
" 16
" 17
" 21
Antietam Md . . .
Gen. McCleUan.
CoL Kilpatrick. .
Gen. Lee
luka Miss .
Gen. Rosecrans .
Gen Price
Near Shirley's Ford, Mo
Col. Ritchie ....
On Potomac . .
CoL Barnes
Munfordsville, Ky
CoL E. McCook.
Col Granger
Shepherdsville Ky ...
Sturgeon, Mo
Ashby's Gap, Ya
Maj. Hunt
Col. R.B. Price.
Col Sibley
Capt. Cunning-
ham
Lieut. CoL Green
Indians .
Yellow Medicine River, Minn .
Newtonia, Mo
Gen. Solomon...
Col. Cooper
Russellville, Ky
Gallatin, Tenn
CoL Stokes
Gen. Pleasanton
Corns. Perry,
Hunchback,
&Whitehead.
Col Spears ....
Col. Bennett....
Gen. Hampton..
Capt. Flusser. . .
Shepherdstown and Martins-
burer, Ya . .
On Blackwater River, near
Franklin, Ya
Blackwater, near Franklin, Ya.
Near Corinth Miss
Gens. Ord, Hurl-
but, & Yeatch
Gens. Price, Yan
Dorn, & LovelL
Robertson's Bat.
Gen. Anderson.
Quantrell and
Childs
Near Charlestown Ya
Lavergne, Tenn
Gen. Palmer. ..
Near Sibley's Landing Mo
Chaplin Hills, Perryville, Ky. .
Near Lawrenceburg Ky
Gen. Buell
Gen. Bragg. . . .
Gen. Smith ....
CoLGiddings...
Col. Parrott
Maj. Rector
Near Helena, Arlc .
Stanford, Ky
Carsville, Ya
Lieut. Williams .
Gen Hancock .
Near Charlestown, Ya.
Thoroughfare Gap, Ya
Woodville, Tenn
Gen. Stahl
Maj. J.J.Mudd.
Hay wood
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR.
297
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Union.
Eebel.
Kemarka.
12,500 loss.
15, 000 loss..
135 k. 527 w....
2k 18 w..
150 k., w., and p.
263 k. 400 w.600 p.
60 or 70-k and w.
5 k. 28 p
50 k. & w., 100 p.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Federal Col. Webber killed. Re-
bels defeated with severe loss.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Lieut. Col. Green captured.
30 Indians killed and many
wounded ; 4 whites killed and
30 wounded.
Rebels dispersed, and a squad of
them captured.
12 w. 3 p.,
35k. 10 p
40 k., 39 p., and
many w.
60 k. and w., 9 p. .
19 k. and w.
315 k., 1812 w.
232m..
30 or 40 k. and w.
& 1423 k., 5692 w., &
2268 p
18 k. and w.
10 k. and w.
3200k. w. and.m.
6k. 18 w.
3k. 9 w...,
1300k., 3000 w., &
200 p
9p
several k. 14 p.
1 k. 8 w.
9 w. and p.. .
100 p
Rebels defeated.
Rebels routed.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels retreated ; great loss.
Rebels defeated with considerable
loss.
Rebels defeated.
Federals defeated.
100 horses and mules captured.
13*
298
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Eebel.
1862.
Oct. 22
" 22
" 23
" 23
24
24
28
" 29
" 29
Nov. 3
" 5
" 5
14 6
" 6
" 8
" 8
" 9
" 11
" 11
11 n
" 13
" 15
" 18
" 18
" 21
" 22
" 26
" 27
" 28
" 29
Dec. 1
Pocotaligo, S. C
Gen. Brannon . .
Maj. Lazear. . . .
Maj. Blott
CoL Stuart. . . .
Gen. Beau regard
CoL Boon
Waverley, Tenn
Shelby Depot, Tenn
Manassas Junction, Va.
Maj. F. G. White
Col Tjftwia
Putnam's Ferry, Mo
Donaldsonville La . fi^n Wpitl
Fayetteville Ark
Gen. Herron
Lt.-Col. Iswick. .
Col. Seaman. . . .
Col. Foster
Col Craven .
5 miles from Petersburg, Va. .
Near Butler, Mo
Smart's cavalry.
Cockerill
In Webster Co., Ky
Quantrell
Near Nashville, Tenn
Gen. Negleys. . .
Gen. Reynolds. .
Col. Dills
Col. Lee
Capt. L. M. Per-
kins
J. H. Morgan...
Warrenton, Va
Piketon, Ky
Fiudsouville, Miss
Fredricksburg, Va
Capt. Dahlgren.
Capt Duncan
tiuntsville Tenn ...
Capts. Kennett
and Wolford. .
Col. Lee
Col. Lee
Gen. Sturgis. . .
Morgan's men . .
Near La Grange, Tenn
Holly Springs, Miss
Fayetteville, Va
Rural Hills, Term
Cove Creek, N. C
Lieut.-CoL Mix.
Capt. Darling. . .
Capt. Harkins. .
Bayou Boutouca, near Fort
Pike, La
Capt. Evans. . . .
Cold Knob Mountain, Va
Col. J. C. Paxton
Cols. Hurd and
Dodge . .
Kane Hill, Ark
Gen. Blunt , . .
Gen. Stahl
Gen. Slocum . . .
Gn. Marmaduke
White and Hen-
derson ...
Snicker's Gap, Va
Near Charlestown Va-
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR.
299
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Union.
30 k. 180 w.
Ik. 5 w...
3 w
18 k. 74 w!
8k. w.
6 k. 19 w,
1 w.
1 w.
lOw.
80 p.
Eebel.
Bemarka.
40 k. and w., 30 p
8 or 10 k. andw.
8k. 20 w.
several k. 40 p. .
6 k. 15 w. 208 p..
8k. .,
6p
JO k. andw
Eebel loss not reported.
Rebels defeated with considerable
loss.
Rebels defeated.
200 cattle captured.
28 p.
p..
6 k. 175 p.
k. several w
9 p.
k. several w . . . .
k. 125 p
6 k. 134 p..
k. several cap-
tured . .
6 k.
k. several w.
k..
00 p
Several k . ,
5 k. 40 p.
k. 18 w. .
3 rebel lieutenants and 40 horses
and carts captured.
150 muskets and 40 horses and
wagons captured.
Rebels defeated.
lebels defeated,
-eft on the field
Rebels defeated.
horses captured,
lebels defeated.
lebels defeated,
lebels defeated.
300
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Kebel.
1862.
Dec. 2
2
" 3
" 6
" 7
" 7
11 12
" 12
" 12
" 13
" 13
" 14
" 17
" 18
",21
" 24
" 25
11 27
" 28
27-29
" 30
1863.
Jan'y 2
" 3
" 8
" 8
" 9
" 10
Franklin Va
Col Spear
Near Charlestown, Va
Gen Geary
Oxford Miss .
Col Hatch
Helena, Ark
Prairie Grove, N. W. Ark
Hartsville Tenn
Gens. Blunt and
Gens. Hindman,
Marmaduke,
Parsons, and
Frost
Gen. J. H.Mor-
first!
Col. A. B. Moore
Col. Sweeney . . .
Gen Foster
Col. Roddy
Near Kingston N. C
Gen. A. S.Stanley
Gen. Burnside. .
Fredericksburg Va. ....
Gen. Lee
Kingston, N. C
Gen. Foster. . . .
Gen. Foster. . . .
Col. B. G. Inger-
soll
Col. K. H.Morgan
Cnpt Dickeys.. .
Col. Gray
Col. C. Candy..
Maj. Foley
Gen. Sherman. .
Gen. Sullivan. . .
Gen. Rosecrans.
G en.Washburne
Gen. Brown and
Col. Crabb...
Capt. Moore. . . .
Gen. Corcoran. .
CoL Merritt
Gen. Evans. . . .
Gen. Evans. . . .
Gen. Forrest...
Gen. Van......
Gen. Morgan. . .
Gen. Morgan . . .
Gens. Stuart &
FitzHugh Lee.
Gen. Johnston..
Gen. Forrest ....
Gen. Bragg
Goldsboro, NO
Lexington, Ky
Davis Mills, Wolf River, Miss.
Near Munfordsville, Ky
Near Munfordsville, Ky
Dumfries, Va
Elkford, Ky
Vicksburg, Miss
Parker's Cross Roads, Tenn. . .
Stone River, or Murfreesboro,
Tenn
Near La Grange, Ark
Springfield, Mo
Gens. Manna-
duke and Bur-
bridge. ...
Ripley, Tenn
Lt.-Col. Dawson.
Gen. Pry or. . ...
Gcn.Marmaduke
Suffolk, Va
Hartsville Mo
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK.
301
Killed. "Wounded, and Prisoners.
Kemarks.
Union.
Eebel.
Rebels defeated with serere loss.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels repulsed.
Rebels defeated.
Federals surrendered
70 k. & w., 145 p.
92 p
8 k. 30 p
20 k. andw
495 k. 600 w
55 k. 100 w
1500 k. andw
Loss about the
same
Ik. 2 p
11 k. 30 w
400 p
13 pieces of artillery, etc., captured.
Rebels defeated.
Federals repulsed.
Rebels routed.
13 pieces of artillery captured.
Rebels defeated.
Federals defeated.
100 stand of rebel arms left on the
field.
Federals defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels routed.
SO rebel horses captured.
Rebel loss not reported.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated. Their loss over
10,000, of which 9,000 were
killed and wounded.
Rebel loss 200.
Rebels defeated.
1 k
1512k., 6000 w., &
460 t> .
5 k. 10 w
Loss 1800
4k. 14 w
70 p
90 k. 478 w
71k. 268 w., 400 p.
40 k
23 p..
2 k., 30 w., 20 p..
10k. and w. ; . . . .
9k. 22 w
30 or 40 k. andw.
30 k., 176 w., 51 p.
191 k.982 w.756m
200 k. andw
1533 k., 6000 w.
600 w
10k. and w., 10 p.
17 k. 50 w
3w
Fed. loss 104
8k., 20 w., 46 p..
35 k. andw
150 k. andw. 150 p
302
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Rebel.
1863.
Jan'y 11
" 26
11 30
" 30
" 31
Feb'y 3
" 3
" 4
" 10
" 12
" 15
" 15
" 15
" 19
" 20
" 26
" 27
Marcel
2
" 2
u 4
- 6
" 7
" 10
" 17
" 17
" 18
44 20
" 22
" 29
3o
" 30
April 1
" 2
" 2
Capture of Fort Hindman, on
Adm. Porter and
Gen. McCler-
nand . . .
Gen. Churchill. .
Near "Woodbury Tenn
Gen Palmer
Trenton Tenn
CoL "Wood .
Capt. Dawson. .
Gen. Pryor
Deserted House, 9 miles from
Suffolk, Va
Gen. Corcoran..
Near Nashville, Tenn
Vlino'o Swamp Mo
Maj. Reeder
Col. Harding. . .
D. McGee
Wheeler and
Forrest
Near Lake Providence, La.
"3d La." .. .
Old River La
Capt Tucker. .
Canesville, Tenn
CoL Monroe
Sergt Holmes.
Morgan's Cav. . .
Nolens ville Tenn
Arkadelphia, Ark
Capt. Brown . . .
Coldwater, Miss
Lt.-Col. Wood..
5th Illinois
Woodstock Va..
15 miles from Newbern, N. C.
Bradyville, Tenn ...
Capt Jacobs
Gen. Rosecrans.
Morgan
Near Petersburg, Tenn. .
Aldie, Ya ..
CaptSchultze..
Col. Johnson. . .
CoLColburn....
Gen. Manly . .
CoL Grierson. . .
Gen. AverilL. . .
Mosby . . .
Chapel Hill, Tenn
Col. Roger
Near Franklin, Tenn.
Van Dora
Union ville Tenn ,
Gen. Russell. . .
Col. Richardson.
Near Covington, Tenn
Kelly's Ford, Ya
Near Franklin, Ya
CoL Spear
Berwick Bay, La
Capt Perkins. .
Near Milton, Tenn. . . .-
Near Blue Spring Mo
CoLHalL
Morgan and
Breckinridge .
Quantroll .
Near Somerset K.y.
Gen. Gillmore . .
Pegram . .
Point Pleasant, W. Ya
Gen. Jenkins. . .
Capt. Mosby. . . .
Doanesville Va . .... . .
1st Vermont...
Gen Hazen
Woodbury Tenn
In Jucksoii Co., Mo
Maj. Ransom. . .
Hicks
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR.
303
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Union.
Eebel.
Remarks.
Nearly 1000 k., w.
and missing. . . .
2 k. 9 w. .
550 k. & w. 5000 p.
35 k. 100 p
34 p. or killed. . . .
5w.
12 k., 12 w., 300 p
9 k. 20 w
Eebels defeated.
Loss in killed and wounded on
each side about 60.
D. McGee killed.
12 k. 30 w.
8 k. and w.
100 k. 400 w. 300 p Rebels
30 k. andw
11 k. andw., 25 p
4k. 5 w
20 k., many \v., 6 p
2k. 12 w
6k., 3 w., 15 p.. .
5w..
200 k. and p
1 w
15 k. and w. . .
8 k., 20 w., 4 p. . .
14k. 12 w..
6 k. 26 p
100 k., 300 w. and
1200 p
Ik. 16 w,
3 k. 48 p
8k., 30 w., 89 p.
12 k.20 w
30 p
12k. 72 p
120k. 300 w....
50k. 180 w
25 k. many p.. . .
86 p
7k. 3 w
9 k. 5- m. several w.
40 k. and w
1 k. 20 w.
40k. 140 w.l 2m.
1 k. 1 w
60 k., w., and p. . .
12k. 14 p
repulsed.
90 horses taken.
Rebels defeated.
Federals defeated.
50 horses, 300 stand of arms cap-
tured.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Federals routed.
Rebels dispersed.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels retreated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Federals defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Federals defeated.
Federals retreated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Federals defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebel loss 350. 450 cattle capt'rd.
12 k. 30 w. and p.
17k...
Federals defeated.
Rebels defeated.
304:
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
EebeL
1863.
April 2
" 10
" 14
" 19
" 20
" 22
" 26
May 1
" 1
" 1
" 1
" 1
it 2
" 2-3
" 3
" 3
" 6
" 12
" 14
" 16
" 16
18-22
" 19
" 20
" 27
" 28
June 6
" 9
" 14
" 21
" 24
" 24
" 26
Snow Hill, Tenn ...
Gen. Stanley. . .
Gen. Granger. .
Morton and
Wharton. ....
Van Corn.
Franklin, Tenn
Bayou Teche, La
Cold water, Tenn
Col. Bryant. . . .
Patterson, Mo
Col. Smart
Majors McGee
and White...
Cape Girardeau, Mo
Gen. McNeil
CoL CampbeU. . .
Col. Nixon
Gen. Grant. ....
Gen. Carter . . .
Capt De Huff
Marmaduke ....
Van Dorn's
Pickets
Near Franklin, Tenn
Near Suffolk, Va., on the Nan-
semond River
Port Gibson, Miss
Monticello, Ky
Gen. J.S.Bowen.
Col. Morrison...
Near La Grange Ark
Before Fredericksburg, Va . . .
Chancellorsville Va. .
Gen. Sedgwiek.
Gen. Hooker. . .
Col. De Forrest.
Gen Lee
Warrenton Junction .
Gen. Mosby ....
Hain's Bluff on the Miss
Tupelo Miss
Col. Corwyn. . . .
Gen. McPherson
Gen. Grant
Gen. Grant
Gen. Grant
Gen. Grant and
Adm. Porter.
Gen Milroy
Gen. Ruggles. . .
Gen. Gregg ....
Gen. Johnston. .
Gen. Pemberton
Gen. Pemberton
Gen. Pemberton
Raymond, Miss
Champion Hill, Miss
Big Black River, Miss
Near Winchester Va
Middle town Tenn
Gen Stanley .
Gen. Banks and
Ad. Farragut.
Major Lippert. .
Gen. Gardner. .
Milliken's Bend Miss
Gen. Thomas . . .
Gens. Buford &
Gregg
Gen. Milroy. . . .
Gen. Pleasanton
( 'ol Hoover
Gn. McCullough
Gn.J. E.B.Stuart
& F. Hugh Lee
Gen. EweU
Beverly Ford, Va
Winchester Va
Near Middleburg Va
Hoover's Gap Tenn
Liberty Gap, Tenn
Gen. Willich
Col. Spear
Gen, W. F. Lee .
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK.
305
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Union.
Rebel.
Remarks.
100
350
10k. 20 w
50 k. and w. .
15 or 20k. 50 p,
300 k. and w. .
20k. 40
Rebels defeated.
Rebels repulsed.
Rebel loss much greater.
Rebels defeated.
Federals defeated.
2
6 k. 6 w
5 k., 9 w., 25 p. . . Rebels defeated.
40 k. 200 w Rebels defeated.
41 k. and w
130k. 718 w. 5 m
30 k. and w., 11 p.
1500 k.,w., and p.
41 k., w., and m. .
2000 k. and w
15,000 k. and w.
17,000 p
18,000 k. and w.
5000 p
80 k. and w.
51k. 181 w
40 k. 240 w. 6m.
426 k. 1842 w....
29 k. 242 w
Loss about 2500. .
90 p
75k. 250 w.l 86 p..
400 k. andw
4000 k., w., and m
2600
Loss not reported.
6k. 7 p
8 k. 90 p
900 k., w., and m
80 k., w., and m.
127 k. 287 w. 157m 200k
600k., w., andm.
. 500 w. & m
380 k., w., and m
2000
Rebels defeated with severe loss.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Federals defeated.
Rebels defeated with heavy lot
Naval engagement.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
29 cannon captured.
1 7 cannon captured.
Rebels defeated.
200 horses captured.
Federals defeated.
Rebels defeated.
45 k. and w. .
90 k. 100 w.
750 k., w., and m.
850 k., w., and m. [Federals defeated.
150 k. and w., 80 p. | Rebels defeated.
j Rebels defeated with heavy loss.
I Rebels .defeated with heavy loss.
110 p 300 horses, 35 wagons, and their
commander captured.
306
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Rebel.
1863.
June 26
July 1
" 2-3
4
" 4
" . 5
" 8
" 12
" 12
14
17
18
18-19
19
" 23
" 26
Aug. 20
" 22
" 28
Sept. 7
" 9
" 9
" 19-20
Oct. 8
" 14
27-28
Nov. 3
" 16
Nov. 17
to Dec 4
Nov. 24
Shelby ville, Tenn
Gen. Rosecrans.
Gen. Meade ....
Gen. Mead
Gen. Grant ....
Gen. Prentiss . .
Gen. Grant. ....
Gen. Banks
Col. Hatch
Gen. Bragg. . . .
Gen. Lee
Gettysburg
Gettysburg .
Gen. Lee
Gen. Pemberton
Generals Price,
Holmes, and
Marmaduke . .
Gen. Johnson. .
Gen. Gardner. .
Surrender of Vicksburg, Miss.
Helena Ark
Bolton, Miss
Surrender of Port Hudson,
Miss . .
Near Jackson Miss
Jack sou Miss ....
Gen Lanmann
Fallin * Waters Va
Gen. Kilpatrick .
Gen. Blunt
Gen. Blunt
Gen. Gil more...
Cols. Tolland &
Powell
Elk Creek Ark
Gen. Cooper. . . .
Gen. Cooper. . . .
Gn. Beauregard.
Honey Springs, Ind. Territory.
Port Wanner S. C
WytliPville W Va ...
Alanassas Gap "Va
New Lisbon Ohio
Col. Shaddeford.
Gen. Morgan...
Gen. Brao'g
Pocahontas Ark .
Gen. Jeff. C.
Thompson . . .
Fort Sumter
T. H. Stevens. . .
Tilford, Tenn
Cumberland Gap Tens
Gen. Burnside.. .
Gten. Rosecrans.
Gen. Cook .......
jen. Warren. . .
Gens. Smith. &
Hooker .
Gen. Frazier. . .
Gen. Bragg
Gen. Wheeler..
Gen. A. P. Hill.
Gen. Longstreet
Chickamauga,
Farmiu cr ton Tenn
Bristow Station Va.
Brown's Ferry Tenn
Gen. Burbridge.
Gen. Burnside..
jen. Burnside..
Hooker
Campbell Station Tenn
Gen. Longstreet
aen. Longstreet
Brar r
S!noxvillo Tenn .
Lookout Mountain ....
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE.
807
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Remarks.
Union.
Rebel.
85k. 463 w. 13m.
Rebel k. & w. not rep'td ; 1634 p.
Gen Reynolds killed.
Rebels paroled.
Rebels defeated.
Rear-guard of Johnson's army
captured.
400 conscripts released.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Federals repulsed.
Virginia and Tennessee Railroad
destroyed.
Rebels defeated.
Gen. Morgan and all his cavalry,
400 men, captured.
Federals defeated.
Gen. Jeff. C. Thompson and Staff
captured.
Naval engagement. Federals de-
feated.
Federals defeated.
A large supply of army stores
captured.
Federals defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels withdrew.
Fight above clouds. Bragg deft'd
Total loss 28,198..
250 k., w., andm.
Total loss 37,000. .
30,000 p
500k. or w., 1000 p.
5500 p
13k. and w.
175 k and w
300 k. and w
29 k. 36 w
10 k. 25 w
1300 p. 130k. &w.
400 k. or w. 60 p.
50k. 75 w. 65 p..
500 k. 331 w
75 k. 150 p
9k. 50 w
700 k., w. andm..
65 k. and w.
300 k. or w., 60 p.
100 p
200
114
300 p...,
2000 p
1644 k. 9262 w.
4945 m
17,000k., w.,&ra.
125 k. & w., 300 p.
1 200 k. & w. 800 p.
Loss over 1000. ..
100k. 200 p
1000
1600...!
29 k 150 w
51 k 329 w
76 k. 339 w. 22 m.
18k. 100 w. 559m.
400
600
308
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Rebel.
1863.
N.23-25
" 25
" 27
27-3<>
Dec. 14
" 25
" 20
1864.
Jan. 2
3
" 12
" 17
" 28
" 29
" 30
Feb. 3
" 3
4
14
' 20
22-25
u 22
March 5
" 9-10
" 16
" 21
" 21
25
Ap'18-9
" 12
17-20
" 24
" 25
Gen. Grant.
Gen. Hooker. . .
Gen. Hooker...
Gen. Meade.
Shackleford
Gen. Bragg. . . .
Bragg . .
Capture of Missionary Ridge,
Gen. Hardee...
Gen. Lee
Longstreet
Locust Grove, Va^
Bean Station.
Pulaski, Tenn
Charleston. Tenn .
CoLLuberk....
Gen. Wheeler. .
Near Moorfield, Va
Mossy Creek Tenn
Gen. McCook. .
Near Dand ridge, Tenn
Tunnel Hill, Ga
Scottville, Ky.
Federal supply train captured
near Petersburg, "W. Va
Bolton, Miss
Col. Snyder. . . .
Sherman's ad-
vance
Newborn, N. C
Gen. Foster. . . .
Gen. Picket*. .-.
Clinton, Miss
Gainesville Fla
Capt Roberts
Olustee, Fla
Gen. Seymour..
Gen. Palmer. . .
Gen. Gardner. . .
Gen. Wheeler..
Mosby
Tunnel Hill, Ga
Near Drainsville Va . .
Yazoo City
Suffolk, Va
Near Fort Pillow.
Near Alexandria*
Banks
At Fed, Fork, Paducah, Ky. .
Mansfield, La
CoL Hicks
Gen. Forrest. . .
Kirby Smith...
Gen. Forrest . . .
Gen. Hoke
Gen. Dick Taylor
Gen. Banks ....
Majs. Booth &
Bradford ....
Gen. Wessela..
Gen. A. T. Smith
CoL Drake
Fort Pillow
Plymouth, N. C
Cane River La
Supply train captured near
Pine Bluff, Ark.
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR.
309
; Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Remarks.
Union.
Eebel.
4000
About 16,000
Bragg defeated.
Eebel k. and w. not reported.
Forrest's guerrillas captured.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Federals defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebela defeated.
Rebels defeated. Loss much
greater.
Rebel Battery defeated.
Rebels routed.
Federals defeated. Rebel loss
about the same.
Killed and wounded not reported.
Federals defeated.
Rebels defeated with considerable
loss.
Suffolk captured.
Rebels defeated.
Rebel camp captured.
Town nearly destroyed by the
bombardment.
Rebels defeated.
9 guns captured.
!
800
300 t>
1000
2500
200
800 k. and w
50 p. . .
i
121 p
j
13 k. 20 w.
60 k. or w., 300 p.
1 50 k and w . . . .
14k. 49 p
32k. and 1 Co. p. .
40 k. 20 p. .
t
12 k 35 w
212*k., w., andm.
15 k. 80 w.
300 k., w., and m.
i
100 . .
1500
75 k and w ....
300 p
8 k. 7 w. 75 m
6 k. 20 w
210
25 k
50 k. and w
282 p
306 p
14k. 46 w.
1000 k. and w....
2000 p
500 k.& w.l 500 p.
600 k. 100 w
150k. 1700 p
80 k. and w
Loss not reported.
1500 k. and w....
1000
2000 p
310
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Rebel.
1864.
May 5-7
8-11
" 10
" 10
12
12-15
13-15
" 15
19-20
" 24
May 25
M 28
Junel-3
June 5
" 9
" 10
" 11
15-18
" 22
u 27
July 9
" 12
J'yl3-15
" 20
" 20
" 22
27-30
Ag. 5-20
Wilderness, Ya
Gens. Grant,
Meade, and
Burnside ....
Gen. Sherman . .
Grant
Gen. Averill. . . .
Gen. Grant
Gen. Butler
Gen. Sherman . .
Gen. Sigel
Gen. Butler. . . .
Gen. Wild
Gen. Hooker. . .
Gen. Sherman . .
Gens. Grant and
Meade
Gen. Lee
Gn. Joe Johnson
Lee
Gen. Jones
Gen. Lee
Gn. Beau regard.
Gn. Joe Johnson
Breckinridge. . .
Gn. Beauregard.
Gn. Fitz H. Lee.
Gen. Hardee. ..
Gen. Longstreet.
Gen. Lee.
Rock Face Ridge, Ga
Spottsylvania C. H
Near Wytheville, Va
Spottsylvania C H ...
Fort Darling, Ya
Resaca G-a ....
Bermuda Hundred, Ya. . .....
Wilson's Landing, Ya
Near Dallas, Ga
Dallas Ga . .
Cold Harbor, Ya
Mount Sterling
Gen. Burbridge.
Gen. Sturgis
Gen. Burbiidge.
Gens. Grant and
Meade
Gen. Meade
Gen. Sherman . .
Gen. Wallace. . .
Gen. Augur. . . .
Gens. Smith and
Slocum
Guntown Miss
E. Kirby Smith .
Gen. Morgan . . .
Gen. Lee
Gen. Lee
Gen. Johnson. . .
Gen. J. Early. .
Gen. Early.
Gen. Forrest . . .
Gen. Early
Gen. Hood
Gen. Hood
Gen. Lee
Gn.Page & Adm.
Buchanan... .
Near Cynthiana, Ky
Petersburg Ya . .
Weldon Railroad, Ya
Near Kenesaw Mt., Ga
Silver Springs D C
Between Poutotoc and Tupelo,
Tenn
Before Winchester, Ya
Peach Tree Creek Ga . . .
Gen. Averill
Gen. Sherman. .
Gen. Sherman . .
Gen. Grant.
Adm.Farragut &
Gen. Granger.
Before Atlanta, Ga
Petersburg, Ya
Mobile Bay, Ala
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAE.
311
Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners.
Union.
Kebel.
Kemarks.
800 k., w., and m .
650 k., w., and m.
1000 p ,
5000 k., w., and m
700k. 2800 w
97 k. 440 w. 225 m
300
40 k. and w
1500
300...
Loss much greater.
Loss not reported .
1000 k., w., and m.
Not stated
275 k. and w., lip
9000k., w., and m.
2500 k.&w., 300 p.
8000 k., w., and m.
1500 p
986 k. & w.
200k. &w. 1200p".
700 p
1000 p Loss not reported .
305k. 275 w. 400 p
10,000
600 k. & w. 2500 p Loss not
1500
1000..
Not reported
reported .
200 k., w., and m.
300
250 k., w., and m.
1713 k., w., andm.
3521
5000 k., w., and m.
Not reported
100 k., many w. . .
2000
300 k. & w., 200 p.
5000 k. & w. 1000 p
10,000
1200 k., w., and m.
120 k. 88 w.
1756 p.
Rebel Gen. Longstreet wounded.
Gens. Wadsworth and Hayes
killed. Loss about 15,000 on
each side.
Loss about 10,000 on each side.
Gen. Jones defeated.
Rebels lost between 3000 and 4000
prisoners, including 2 general
officers and 30 pieces of artillery.
Federals defeated.
Rebels about the same loss.
Rebels retreated.
3 guns and 3000 stand of arms,
stores, etc., were captured, and
a large number of rebels killed
and wounded.
Rebels defeated.
Federals defeated and the town
burned.
Johnson flanked.
Federals overpowered and forced
to retreat.
Rebels defeated.
Early defeated.
Gen. McPherson killed.
K. and w. not reported. 150 guns
captured.
312
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Rebel.
1864.
Aug. 14
15-18
" 16
18-22
1 19
; 21
4 21
4 24
4 25
4 31
Sept. 3
44 4
" 16
" 19
44 21
" 26
Sept. 29
to Oct. 1
Sept. 30
Oct. 2
44 7
44 9
44 10
41 13
w 13
" 19
" 19
44 26
44 2f
0. 28-30
44 28
Nov. 5
Strawberry Plains, Va
Deep Bottom Va
Gen. Grant
Gen. Grant
Gen. Merrill....
Gen. Kilpatrick
and Col. Minty
Gen. Warren
Gen. Grant
Gen. Sheridan. .
Col. Siebold
Gen. Grant
Gen. Sherman. .
Gen. Lee
Gen. Lee
Gens Lomax &
Wickham ....
Gen. Ross Fer-
guson
Crooked Run, Va
Jonesboro Ga
At Six Mile Station Va
Gen. Pickett
Gen. Lee
Gen. Early
Gen. Wheeler. . .
Gen. Lee
Gen. Hood
On Weldon Road
Summit Point Va.
On the Weldon Road
Drakesville & Penyville, Va. .
Gen. Gillam
Gens. Gregg and
* Kautz
John Morgan. . .
Gen. Hampton. .
Gen. Early
Gen. Early
Gen. Price
Gen. Lee
Bunker Hill, near "Winchester,
Va
Gen. Sheridan . .
Gen. Sheridan . .
Gen. Ewing. . . .
Gen. Grant
Fisher's Hill Va
Richmond and Petersburg, Va.
Preble's Farm
\bingdon Va ...
Gen. Burbridge.
Gen. Butler. . . .
Gen. Sheridan. .
Gen. Corse
Gen. Terry
Gen. Gillem
Gen. Sheridan . .
Gen. Blunt
Gen. Pleasanton
Gen. Grant
Col. Morgan . . .
Gen. Gillam
M i*.
Gen. Echols
Gen. Anderson.
Gen. Rosser
Gen. French ....
Gn. Breckinridge
Gen. Early
Gen. Price
Gen. Price
Gen. Lee
Rhoddy
Darbytown Road and New
Market Heights
Fisher's Hill, Va
Allatoona Ga ......
Darbytown Road, Va
Bull's Gap Va
Cedar Creek, Va
Lexington, Mo
Mins Creek, Mo
Darbytown, Williamsburg
Road, and Hatcher's Run, Va
Decatur ... . .
Norristown E Tenn
Vaughn ...
Fort Sedgwick, Va
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK.
313
Killed, Wounded, and Prisoners.
Remarks.
Union.
Eebel.
Total loss 1100...
Total loss 4000...
70
250 p
2500
300
Rebel k. and w. not given.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels defeated.
Rebel loss not reported.
Rebels defeated.
Rebels repulsed.
Rebels repulsed.
Morgan's staff taken prisoners.
Morgan killed..
Rebel Gens. Rhodes and Gordon
killed.
16 rebel guns captured.
Rebels defeated.
Rebel loss about 2400.
Rebel k. and w, not given.
Rebels defeated.
Federals retreated.
Rebel loss not given.
Blunt defeated.
Gens. Marmaduke and Cabell,
2800 wounded Rebels, and 1500
stand of arms captured.
8 pieces of artillery captured from
the rebels.
Rebels defeated.
314 k and w
1000 k., w., and m.
1500 p .
3000 ....
600
2000
900
30
150
lOOOk.&w. 3000p.
50 k. 439 w. 60 m.
300
110 k., w., and m.
3000 k. and w
600 k and w
1500 k. andw
5000 k., w., and m .
70 p
100 k. 75 p
90 k. and w
500 k. 4000 w.
2500 p
400k. & w. HOOp
1500 k. and w
9 k 60 w
6000k., w., and m.
500k. &w., 1500 p.
350
50 p
18k. 71 w. 21m..
1000
330 p
275 k. & w., 500 p.
200 ......
500
60
600 k., w., and m.
414
220
4000k. &w. 1300p
2800 k.&w. 1300 p
1000k. &w. 2000 p
400 k. 1500 w.
800 m
900 k., 1000 p....
1600k.,w., and m.
400 p., many k.&w.
200 p
^
120
100
70
314
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Eebel.
1864.
Nov. 12
Nov 29
to Dec. 7
Nov. 30
Dec. 1
ic 7
" 13
" 14
15-21
Dec. 15
D. 15-16
" 17
23-25
1865.
Jan. 15
Feb. 5-7
" 11
17-19
20-22
Feb. 27
toMh.10
March 2
" 10
" 11
" 16
" 19
" 29
27-25
April 1
Near Nineveh, Va
Powell..-.
Gen. Foster. . . .
Gen. Lorn ax. . .
Grahatnsville and Pocotaligo,
s. c
Franklin, Tenn
Gen. Schofield..
Gen. Thomas. . .
Rosseau
Gen. Hood
Gen. Hood
Ferrest
Nashville, Tenn
Near Murfreesboro
Kingsport, E. Tenn
Gen. Burbridge.
Gen. Burbridge.
Gen. Sherman. .
Basil Duke
Bristol, Tenn
Savannah, Ga
Gen. Hardee . . .
Forrest
Near Murfreesboro .
Nashville
Gen. Thomas. . .
Gen. McCook. . .
Gen. Butler and
Rear Ad. Porter
Gen. Terry
Gen. Grant and
Meade
Gen. Terry
Gen. Schofield &
Rear Ad. Porter
Gen. Schofield &
Rear Ad. Porter
Gen. Sheridan . .
Sheridan
Gen. Schofield..
Cox and Couch .
Gen. Sherman. .
jen. Sherman . .
Sheridan
Hood
Ashbyville Ky
Gen. Lyon . .
Port Fisher N. C
Gen. Whiting. . .
Gen. Lee
Gen Hoke
Fort Fisher. N. C.
Dabney Mills and Hatcher's
Run, Va
Near Wilmington, N. C
Fort Anderson, N. C
Wilmington, N. C
Gen. Bragg
Gen. Early. ....
Early
Bragg
Hill and Hoke..
Gen. Johnson. . .
3-en. Johnson. . .
Sushrod Johnson
Gen. Lee
Gen Lee ....
Waynesboro, James River, and
Virginia Central Railroad. .
Between Charlottesville and
Staunton
Kingston N C
Kingston, N. C
Averasboro N C
Bentonville N C
Quaker Road
Gens. Grant and
Meade
Sheridan and
Warren ....
Five Forks
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAK.
315
Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners.
Eemarks.
Union.
Eebel.
From 1200 to 1500
189 k. 1033 w.
1104m
150 p
2 rebel guns captured.
Rebel loss not reported.
Rebels defeated.
Forrest routed, losing 14 cannon.
Rebels routed.
Forrest defeated.
Ed. Johnson captured, also 47
guns and 7000 small arms.
Lyon defeated.
The fort and 72 guns captured.
Killed and wounded not reported.
Killed and wounded not reported.
11 guns, which was nearly the
whole of Early's force, captured.
2000 rebels captured from the 8th
to the 10th.
Rebels repulsed.
Rebels repulsed.
Rebels retire. Loss on each side
500.
All the rebel artillery captured.
Davis flies by night from Rich-
mond.
1750 k. 3800 w.
702 p
Loss about 6500 . .
Loss over 23, 000..
207 p..
150..
400
300 p
600 k. & w. 1000 p
1500k. andw
23,000 loss . ...
6500 loss
195
100 k. & w., 280 p.
440 k. & w. 2500 p.
1500k., w., and m.
100
110 k. 536 w
147 k. 1038 w.
800 w....
60
100
200
60 p
1072 p
69
5 k 1352 p
1800 p
1000 loss . .
1200k. &w., 400 p.
2000
327 k. 373 p
167k. 1625 p....
300
74 k. 477 w
1646
180 k. 1240 w.
990 m
2200 k. <fe w. 2800
3000
5000 13 ^
1
316
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Date.
Names and Places of Battles, En-
gagements, and Skirmishes.
Commanders.
Union.
Rebel.
1865.
April 1
" 2
" 2-3
" 3
" 6
" 9
" 11
" 12
" 12
" 14
" 16
" 26
May 1
4
" 10
" 10
" 10
" 26
Ebenezer Church, Ala
Gen. Wilson . . .
Gen. Wilson . . .
Gen. Grant
Weitzel's colored
Sheridan
Forrest
Selma, Ala * .
Forrest
Petersburg and Richmond. . ..
Richmond entered by General
Near Farmville and Sailors'
Creek
Gen. Lee . . .
troops.
Lee
Surrender of Lee's army to
Fort Blakly, Mobile
General Grant at
Gen. Can by and
Adm. Thatcher
to Gen. Wilson
Gen. Stoneman.
coin, Ford's The
Appomattox
Gen. Taylor
Gen. Forrest. . . .
Gardner
Surrender of Montgomery, Ala.,
Near Salisbury N C
Assassination of President Lin
Columbus & West Point, Ala. .
Surrender of Gen. Johnson and
Surrender of Morgan's old com
Surrender of Gen. Dick Taylor
Tallahassee Fla
atre,byJ.Wilkes
lis army, num
mand to General
of all the forces
Gen. McCook...
Col. Barrett
ville, Ga/
Smith and his
bering 27,500
Hobson, 1200
of W. Mississippi
Gen. Sam. Jones
Gen. Slaughter.
army of about
Near Boco Chico, Texas
Capture of Jeff Davis, Irwins
Surrender of General Kirby
CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE OF THE WAR.
317
Killed, "Wounded, and Prisoners.
Remarks.
Union.
Eebel.
300 p
3 rebel guns captured.
Forrest and Rhoddy taken prison-
ers. Selma captured aud all
stores.
Rebel Generals Ewell, Kershaw,
Corse, and Curtis Lee captured,
also 16 guns and 400 wagons.
All were paroled.
32 rebel cannon captured, 4000 p.
1 00 rebel guns captured.
14 rebel cannon captured.
100,000 bales of cotton taken.
None killed.
This was the last engagement of
the war.
3000 p .
8000
9000k., w., and ra.
GOOO p
C. H.,Va
26,115 p
2000
500 k. & w., 300 p.
2700 p
1800 p ...
Booth.
*
1500 p
men.
men, at Mt Ster
to Gen. Canby.
ling, Ky.
8000p
70
20,000.
Statement of Vessels captured and destroyed for Violation of
the Blockade, or in Battle, from May, 1861, to May 1865,
from the Official Report of the Secretary of the Navy.
Class.
N"ame.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner. . .
Ship
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Ship
A. J. Russell...
Argo
Arcola
Almira Ann....
Aid
1861
May 3
May 14
May 22
May 17
June 5
June 18
June 10
June 15
June 17
July 4
Aug. 6
Aug. 13
Aug. 16
Aug. 31
Sept. 27
Oct. 6
Hampton roads
>
Mobile bay
Cumberland
Minnesota
Niagara
Wabash and Union
Minnesota
Mount Vernon
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Jamestown
Powhatan
Roanoke & Seminole
Jamestown
Roanoke and Flag
Vandalia
3emsbok
Susquehanna
Connecticut
Penguin & Alabama
Alabama
New London & R. B.
Cuyler
New London & II. R.
Cuyler
New London, &c
Hatteras
Bienville & Mohican
Ethan Allen
Ottawa, &c.
Rowan's expedition
M
Pursuit
Bienville
Flambeau
Tyler
Daylight and Chip-
pewa
Huron
Kanawha
Perry, Lockwood &
Ceres
Deres
Bri 01
Amy Warwick..
Alena
Hampton roads
Sloop . .
Schooner . . .
Schooner...
Bri"
Achilles
Chandeleur island. .
Ann Ryan
Alvarado
Abbie Bradford.
Albion
St. Mary's river
Mississippi river. . . .
Charleston
Schooner . . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner .. .
Schooner...
Brig
Lat. 30, long. 80 . .
Key West
Aristides
Alert
Ariel
Brig
Schooner . . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Ship
Ariel
Oct. 20
Sept. 13
Nov. 17
Nov. 25
Dec. 12
Nov. 22
Wilmington, N. C..
Off Cape Carnaveral
Coast of S. Carolina.
Tybee
Albion
Steamer
Anna
A. J. View
Mississippi sound. . .
Cedar Keys .......
Sloop
Advocate
Dec. I
1862
Jan. 10
Feb. 25
Schooner...
Schooner . . .
Sloop
Yacht....
Steamer. .
Anna Smith....
Arrow
Atlanta
St. John's, Florida..
West coast of Florida
East coast of Florida
Newbern N. C
America
Albemarle
A. H. Partridge.
March..
Mar. 14
Schooner.
Schooner.
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer....
Ship
*'
Anna Belle
Alert
Active
Alfred Robb....
Alliance
March. .
Feb. 26
April 26
April 19
April 26
May 1
April 29
May 14
Mar. 6
May 26
June 1
June 7
Julv 16
Cape Blass
St. John's, Florida..
Stono, S. Carolina. .
Florence, Alabama.
Captured at Fort
Schooner . . .
Sloop
Steamer....
Schooner . . .
Schooner . . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Albert
Annie
Alice
Actor
Andromeda
Agnes H. Ward.
Amer'n Coaster.
Agnes
Charleston . . .
Gulf of Mexico
Roanoke river
Pamlico river, N. C.
Mural Cuba
Coast of S. Carolina Northern Light
Pamunkey river. . . . ]Currituck
.. Huntsvillo
320
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
"Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner . . .
Steamer....
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Aouilla . . .
1862
Aug. 4
July 7
June 19
Mar. 25
April 10
Aug. 27
Sept. 25
Oct. 1
Aug. 23
Huron
Quaker City and
Huntsville
Susquohanna&Kan
awha
Delaware
Com. Perry, &c
R. R. Cuyler
Freeborn.
Florida
William Bacon.
Essex
Kensington, &c.
Arthur
Seneca
Ellis
Flag & Restless
Huntsville
Sagamore
.Monticello
Adela
Ann
Albemarle
Bahamas
Mobile
Pungo river, N. C. . .
Newtogan c'k, N. C
Gulf of Mexico....
Potomac river
St. Andrew's sound
Ga
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Sloop
Anna Sophia . . .
Arctic
Agnes
Ann Squires....
Anglo American
"Wicomico bay
Mississippi river. . .
TUK
Ram . .
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Sloop
Sloop . .
Adventure
A.B
Annie Dees
Adelaide
Oct. 1
Aug. 15
Nov. 7
Oct. 21
Oct. 24
Nov. 15
Nov. 24
Dec. 10
Nov. 18
Corpus Christi.
Charleston
Sounds of N. Car. . .
Bull's bay
Anglia
Ariel
Agnes
Alicia
Ariel
Lat. 24, long. S3" ..
Shallotte inlet, is'. C
Ann
Avenger
Antona
Dec. 30
18G3.
Jan. 5
Jan. 6
Feb. 3
Feb. 28
Feb. 8
Feb. 14
Feb. 25
Mar. 15
Mar. 28
Mar. 31
Mar. 23
Feb. 26
April 14
April 17
April 18
April 24
May 8
May 16
May 13
May 20
Gem of the Sea
Sagamore
Pocahontas
Queen of the "West
Wyandank
Julia
Tioga
State of Georgia
Sonoma
Stettin
Memphis
Two Sisters
Arizona
Fort Henry
Huntsville
Wanderer
Susquehanna
W. World and S.
Rotan
Perry
Flag, Cnnandaigua,
"Wamsutta
Courier
Huntsville
Yazoo Pass expedi-
tion
59
Weehawken and
Nahant
Fort Henry
Satellite
Restless
Bermuda
Princess Roval
Steamer. . . .
Steamer. . . .
Schooner...
Boat
Cape St* Bias
A. "W. Baker...
A.W.Thompson
Mississippi river. . . .
Pinev Point
Caloosahatchie river
Schooner...
Brig .
Annie
Atlantic
Steamer. . . .
Schooner.
Schooner.
Sloop
Schooner.
Schooner .
Schooner.
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Sloop
Aries
Bull's Bay, S. Car. .
Mosquito inlet
Suwanee river
Havana
Annie B
Lat. 27% long. 83 ..
Lat 29" long
A. Carson
Alma
Amelia. ..
Chesapeake bay ....
At sea
Schooner. . .
Ram ... .
A. J. Hodge....
Lat. 28, long. 86..
Iron-clad,
rebel
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Brie....
Atlanta
June 17
June 28
May 28
July 6
Aug. 15
Ausr. 10
Anna Maria....
Arctic
Ann
Artist
Atlantic...
Steinhathee river. . .
Great Yiocomico
Chnrlotte Harbor,
Lat. 28% long. 95* . .
Rio Grande
FOU VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
321
Class.
Name.
Wben
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Steamer. . . .
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer. . . .
Brig
Steamer....
Steamer
Boat
Schooner...
Schooner . . .
English sen.
Schooner...
British sch..
Steamer....
Sloop
Alice Vivian....
Ann
1863
Aug. 16
Aug. 8
Gulf of Mexico
Gilbert's bar
De Soto
Sagamore
Mississippi squadron
Shenandoah
Eugenie
Black Hawk
Fort Henry
Ladona
Granite City
Kanawha
Braziliera
Gov. Buckingham
Fernandina
S. Car., T. A. Ward
Virginia
Kanawha
Chocura
Ceres and Rockland
Naval and army cap-
ture
Santiago de Cuba
Kansas, &c.
Mobile
Aster
Proteus
Torpedo boat (Lieut.
Cushirig)
Kearsarge
Katahdin
R. R. Cuyler and
others
Princess Royal and
Chocura
Honeysuckle
Pontiac
Bienville and Prin-
cess Royal
Panola
Sea Bird
Minnesota
Massachusetts
Arabian
Sept. 15
Aug. 14
Sept. 12
Oct. 7
July 13
Nov. 15
Oct. 27
Nov.
Nov. 30
Dec. 8
Dec. 20
1864.
Jan. 16
Mar. 3
April 12
April 19
May 14
May 3
May 12
July 28
Sept. 10
Oct. 31
Oct. 5
Oct. 7
Sept. 6
New inlet. N. Car..
Off the Rio Grande.
Chandeleur island . .
Atlantic
Argus
Alice
Arctic
Anita
Amelia Ann....
Albert, or "VVe-
At sea
At sea...'
Brazos Santiago....
Off Mobile
Antoinetre
Antonica
Cumberland beach..
Off Wilmington
St. Cath.'s sound...
Off Ty bee island....
Off Savannah
Annie Thomps'n
Arietta, or Mar-
tha
Schooner...
Steamer
Mexican sch
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Steamer. . . .
Steamer....
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Schooner...
Rebel ram..
Rebel steam
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner...
Rebel sch...
Sloop
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner . . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner. .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Alliance
Coast of Texas
Off Eepiritu Santo
Agnes
Ann C. Daven-
OffVelasco, Texas..
Arrow
A.D.Vance....
Annie
Annie Virden...
Annie
Ann Louisa....
Gatesville, N. C....
At sea
Off New inlet
Off Valasco. ....
Near Cape Fear
Lat. 26 30' N.; long.
89 30' "W .
Alabama
Albert Edward.
Armstrong
June 19
Oct. 31
Dec. 4
Dec. 7
1865.
Jan. 17
Mar. 2
Feb. 7
Feb. 18
April 11
1861.
May 15
June 23
July 16
Sept. 29
Oct. 3
Off Cherbourg, Fr..
Lat. 27 N.: long. 94
w
Lat. 32 N.; long. 77
Off St. Louis Pass...
Suwanee river, Fla.
Savannah river
Galveston Bay
Pass Cavallo
Annie Sophia. . .
Anna Dale
Annie
Belle Conway. .
Brilliante
Basilde
Crystal river, Fia..
Hampton roads
Mississippi sound. . .
Brunette
Coast of Maryland. .
Hatteras inlet
Potomac flotilla
Susquehanna
Gemsbok
Potomac flotilla
Resolute
W. G. Anderson
Baltimore......
Beverly
Potomac river
Buena Vista....
Beauregard
July 17
Nov. 13
Bahama channel.. . .
322
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Brig .
B. F. Martin...
Blooming Youth
Black "Warrior.
British Queen..
1861
Jul y 28
Dec. 18
1862.
Feb. -
Mar. 1
April 27
April 26
Hatteras
Union
Perry
Rowan's expedition
Mount Vernon.
Mercedita
Uncas
Csaac Smith
Bainbridge.
Rachel Seaman
Sloop
Alexandria, Va
Elizabeth City
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Sloop
Hole-in-Wall
Belle
British Empire.
Charleston
Marata nzas inlet. . . .
Lat. 23, long. 83 . .
Coast of Te> as
Potomac river
Coast of Texas. . .
June 9
Sloop
Aug. 12
Feb.
Schooner...
Sloop
Breaker
Bellefont
Arthur
Daylight
Sagamore
Naval and army cap-
ture
Octorara
Admiral Farragut'a
fleet
Queen of the "West
Potomska
Tioga
Fort Henry
De Soto
Brooklyn
Santiago de Cuba
Niphon
Flambeau
Cayuga
San Jacinto
Grand Gulf and Ful-
ton
Not known
Blockading squadron
Braziliera
Mattabesett and oth-
ers
Fort Jackson
Montgomery, &c.
Adela
Picket boats
Virginia
N. Atlantic squadron
Panola
Part of N. Atlantic
squadron
Part of West Gulf
squadron
H
Dart
Cumberland
Belle Italia....
Brilliant
July 10
Nov. 3
Dec. 1
1863.
Jan. 1
Jan. 15
Jan. 19
Feb. 3
Feb. 23
Mar. 22
Mar. 25
April 24
May 27
June 25
July 29
June 23
July 2
Aug 7
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
SI GOT)
New Topsail inlet . .
Indian river. .......
By George
Brave
New Orleans, La
Mississippi river . . .
Sapelo sound
Berwick Bay..
Belle
Brothers
Bangor
'Rrityhf
Guff of "Me'xico .....
Lat. 26, long. 96 . .
Lat. 25, long. 74...
New Inlet . .
Sloop ! B:azor
Steamer....
Ship
Schooner...
Sloop
Boat
Britannia
Banshee
Bettie Cratzer.
Blue Belle
Coast of N. Car....
Sabine Pass
Steamer. . . .
Schooner....
Steamer....
Sloop
Steamer....
Steamer....
Steamer....
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Schooner....
Gunboat. ..
Rebel st'r-..
Rebel st'r..
Schooner...
Schooner...
Nov. 21
Dec. 16
1864.
Jan. 3
Feb. 1
May 5
July 8
Oct. 10
Nov. 6
Nov. 27
Bigelow
Bear Inlet
Off Wilmington....
St. Andrew's sound
Ga
Buffalo
Bombshell
Boston
Bat
Badger.
Off Plymouth, N. C.
Off "Wilmington....
St George's Sound,
Off Charleston, S. C.
Galveston, Texas...
Cap'e Fear river....
Lat. 28 N., long. 92
w :....
Belle
Dec. 27
1865.
Jan. 24
Feb. 2
Mar.
May 10
l&l.
Sept. 24
April 23
Ben Willis
Beaufort
Richmond, Va
Tombigbee river. . . .
Baltic
Black Diamond
Cecilia
Cambria
Hampton roads. . . .
FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
323
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner...
Schooner.. .
Schooner. . .
Schooner
Schooner...
Sloop
Schooner. . .
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Steamer
Steamer
Sloop
Carrie
1861
May 2
May 17
May 27
July 5
Aug. 8
April 7
Sept. 4
Dec. 6
Dec. 15
Dec. 31
1862.
Jan. 23
Feb.
Mar.
Mar. 14
April 3
April 2
April 5
April 10
May 4
May 22
May 26
May'si
May 13
Hampton roads. . . .
Minnesota
South Carolina
Santee
Massach usetts
Jamestown
Flag, Seneca. Poca-
hontas, Augusta,
and Savannah
Stars and Stripes
Harry Lewis, Water-
"VVitch and New
London
Colorado, Rachel
Seaman, and tend-
er of Samuel Ro-
tan
Rowan's expedition
Ethan Allen
Panola
Rowan's expedition
Susquehanna
Mercedita and Saga-
more
Montgomery
Kanawha
i
Somerset
Mount Vernon, Vic-
toria, and State of
Georgia
Huron
Arietta and Dan
Keystone State
Caihoun
Mound City
Alabama and Flam-
beau
Somerset
Braziliera
Saval expedition
Rowan's expedition
Commodore Perry
and others
Arthur
Santiago de Cuba
James S. Chambers
Jacob Bell
Crocker's expedition
Montgomery
Resoluto
Velocity, Dan Ken-
sington, and Ra-
chel Seaman
Huatsville
Crenshaw
Caroline
C. P. Knapp
Charles Henry.
Col. Long
Cheshire
Dhandeleur island . .
At sea
Charity
Hatteras inlet
Biloxi
Capt. Spedden. .
Calhoun
Southwest Pass
Roanoke island
West coast oiFla...
Lat. 2fa, long. 84 . .
tfewbern
Charleston bar
Caroline
Schooner. . .
Cora
Schooner....
Sloop
Clifton
Coquette
Pilot boat..
Schooner.. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Steamer....
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Gunboat. . . .
Steamer....
Schooner...
Schooner... .
Schooner....
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Propeller...
Schooner. ..
Schooner....
Schooner.. . .
Steamer....
Sloop
Sloop
Schooner....
Schooner. . ,
Cvjjnet. . .
Coast of Texas
Mobile
Charlotte.
Cuba..
Coast of Cuba
Constitution....
Cambria
Lockwood's Folly in-
let
Charleston
At Sea
Charleston
Bayou Bonfouca. . . .
Cora
Corypheus
Catalina. .
June 20
June 16
June 28
Mar. 14
April 10
July 9
Aug. 3
Aug. 23
Sept. 20
Oct. -
Oct. 28
Nov. 8
Nov. 11
Dec. 22
Curlew
Warsaw Sound
Sounds of N. Car....
Newborn
Caroline Virginia
Comet
Columbia
Corelia
Newtcgan c'k N. C..
Coast of Texas
Lat. 28", long. 76...
Lat. 23, long. 84..
Potomac river
Chapel Point...
Coast of Texas
Lat. 29, long. 87...
Glymont, Md
Capitola
Caperton
Corse ,.
Courier.... ... ?
Lat. 24, long. 83...
324
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tureu.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Brig
Comet...
18G2
Dec. 26
Dec. 27
1863.
Jan. 19
H
Feb. 27
Feb. 28
Feb. 23
Feb. 24
Mar. 25
Mar. 30
April 14
April 16
May 7
April 20
May 17
May 15
May 8
May 16
April 26
June 11
June 1
Tune 3
June 21
June 19
July 26
July 11
Aug. 7
July 29
lAbaco
Santiago de Cuba
Magnolia
Admiral Faxragut'fl
fleet
Adolf Hugel
New Era
jrem of the Sea
Wyandank
Kanawha
Mississippi squadron
Sonoma
McClellan
Canandaigua and
Flag
Port Royal
Schooner.. . .
Ship
Steamer....
Schooner.. . .
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Sloop
Steamer....
Steamer. . . .
Brigantine..
Boat
Carmita
Marquesas keys....
New Orleans, La. . .
Alexandria, Va...'!
C. AFarwell...
Ceres
Chatham
Curlew
Indian river
C.W.Worrell..
Clara
Clyde
Crotilda
Cherokee
Mobile ... .
Campeachy bank. . .
Lat. 28, long. 80..
Charleston bar. ....
Cuba
Hornet
3razy Jane
C. Ronterean....
Clarita
Lat. 28,long87...
DeSoto
Kanawha
Tahoma
S. Atlantic bleck-
ad'g squadron.
De Soto
Florida
Fort Henry and
Beauregard
Fort Henry and
Beauregard
3ctorara and Tioga
Tampa bay, Florida.
Charleston.
Lat. 26, long. 83...
Wilmington
Steamer....
Steamer
Schooner...
Sloop
Calvpso . . .
Charleston
Crystal river
At sea
Hendrick Hudson
De Soto
San Jacinto
Port Royal
Port Royal
April 20
July -
July -
July
Dec. -
Dec.
July 11
Aug! 1
July 26
July 17
do. 19-26
Aug. 16
Aug. 14
Aug. 8
July 26
Nov. 8
Near Apalachicola. .
ii
J. L. Davia
0<jage
Seminole
Yankee.
n
Sagamore, &o
Fort Henry
Hendrick Hudson.
Rhode Island
St. Joseph's bay.. . . ,
Mississippi squadron
Rappahannock river
Clara Ann.. .
Clotilda . .
Mosquito inlet. . . .
Wacassassa river..
Cape San Bias
Lat. 27, long. 76.
Lat. 26, long. 95..
Indian River inlet
Mosquito inlet. . . .
Off New Inlet
Steamer.....
Schooner....
Sloop
Schooner.. . .
Steamer...,
Bermuda
Sagamore
Sagamore, &c.
Jas.AdgeraDdNip-
bon
Clara Louisa....
Cornubia
FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
325
ClasB.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Steamer. . . .
Eng. stem'r.
Schooner.. . .
Schooner....
Sloop
Steamer. . . .
Schooner.. . .
Chatham..
1863
Dec. 16
Dec. 6
Dec. 28
Oct. 5
1864.
Jan. 18
Jan. 6
Feb. 26
Dotey sound. .
Huron
Conn, and others
Stars and Stripes
Granite City
Roebuck
Vanderbilt
Clyde
Mississippi squadron
Expedition up Yazoo
De Soto
Virginia
Massachusetts and
Keystone State
Union
Flag
Adolph Hugel
Sciota and Chocura
Itasca
Gettysburg and oth-
ers
Mackinaw
Princess Royal
Horace Deals
Malvern and others
Dai-Ching and Clo-
ver
luka
Crusader
Quaker City
Huntress
Gertrude
Cornubia
Cornubia and Ger-
trude
Boat expedition
ii
Cumberland
South Carolina
Santee
New London
Ceres
Cape Fear river
Oclockney river, Fla.
Caroline
Caroline
Cumberland....
Suwaiiee river, Fla . .
Feb.
Feb. 5
Feb. 29
May 30
June 10
June 12
Oct. 26
Oci 1
Oct. 5
Oct 28
Nov. 30
Dec. 5
Dec! 19
Jan. 5
Jan. 19
Jan. 26
Port Pemberton
At sea
San Luis Pass
Cassie Holt
Steamer....
Sloop
At sea"... ;"
Caroline
Sloop
Schooner.. . .
Steamer....
Steamer....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Steamer.....
Schooner. . . .
Cyclops
Off Charleston
Potomac river
Condor
Constance
Cora Smyser. . . .
Carrie Mair ....
Cora
Charlotte
Off Charleston
OffVelasco. Texas..
Pass Caballo, Texas.
Lat. 32 N., long.
77 "W.
Off Galveston island
Lat. 33 N., long.
75 W.
Cape Fear river
Combahee river, S.
Carolina
Stranded on Sulli-
van's island
Lat. 23 N., long.
83 W.
Yorktown, Va
Coquette . . .
Celt
Schooner....
Comus
Cath. Coombs...
Cora
Chaos
Cotton Plant....
Mar. 31
Feb. 27
Mar. 24
April 27
April 20
April 21
April 19
Steamer.....
Schooner....
Steamer....
Bebel iron-
clad
Schooner....
Schooner. . .
Schooner....
H.brig
Schooner
Near Brazos de St.
lago.
Mississippi river. . . .
Off Galveston, Texas
Charleston, 8.C....
Hampton roads
(C
Dorothy Haines
Delaware Far-
mer
Dart
Delta
Delizht...
1861.
May 11
May 14
July 4
Oct. 27
Dec. 8
Mississippi sound...
326
VESSELS CAPTUBED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Sloop
Dudley or Pink-
ney
Darlington
Dixie
1862
Jan. 10
Mar. 3
April 15
May 13
May 4
J U ly _
Elatteras
Naval expedition
Keystone State
Bohio
Corwin and Curri-
tuck
Brazil! era
America and Flag
Kensington, &c
n
Kittatinny
Magnolia
Admiral Farragut
Quaker City
Wachusett
Kittatinny
Kanawba
Yazoo expedition
Juninta
Gem of the Sea
Xansemond
Stettin
Owasco, Virginia.
Aries
Midnight
Cambridge
Pequot
Metacomet
Mah-ask*
Chocura
Monadnock and oth-
ers
Naval expedition
Cumberland,
(C
Albatross
H
Daylight
Resolute
Cambridge
South Carolina
Vincennes and Miss.
Savannah
New London
Perry
Santiago de Cuba
Connecticut
Bohio
Steamer
Georgetown
Mississippi sound . . .
York river
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Deer Island
Director
Defiance
Sept. 7
Oct. 13
Oct. 6
Oct.
Nov. 26
Sapello sound
David Crockett.
Dart
Charleston
Coast of Texas. . . .
Steamer....
Schooner....
Dan
Diana
H
Pass Cavalo
Diana
1863.
Jan. 19
Mar. 9
Mar. 25
Mar. 12
May 1
May
July 2
Sept. 30
Oct. 11
Sept. 23
Nov. 5
1864.
Jan 9
New Orleans. . ..
Propeller...
Steamer....
Schooner....
Steamer. . . .
Schooner....
Schooner....
Steamer. . . .
Steamer
Brier.
Douro
Lat. 33, long. 77...
Lat. 19, long, 65 ..
Galve-ton
D. Sargent
Dart
Dew Drop
Don Jose
Mobile
At sea ...."
Director. ..
Duoro
New i' let
St. Simon's sound. . .
Off Rio Grande
Dashing "Wave.
Dare . . .
Steamer
Schooner. . ..
Steamer. . . .
Defy
Dee
Don
Feb. 3
Feb. 6
Mar. 4
June 6
1865.
Feb." 17
Jan. 22
Feb. 18
Mav"25
1861
May 4
May 14
Off Doboy light, Ga.
Near Masonboro' . . .
Off Beaufort, N. C...
Off Mobile bay.
Steamer. . . .
Schooner....
Schooner....
Steamer....
Steamer. . . .
Steamer....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Bark
Donegal, or Aus-
tin.
Delia
Delphina
Deer
Dolly
Denbigh
Elite.
Emily Ann
Elizabeth Ann. .
Enchantress. . . .
Extra
Eagle
Edwin
Ezilda
Ewd. Barnard..
Empress
Near Bayport, F!a. .
Calcasieu river
Charleston, S. C
Roanoke river, N. C.
Hampton roads
Coast of Virginia'.'.'/.
July 22
Aug. 29
Aug. 12
Sept! '30
Oct 16
Nov. 26
Nov. SO
Dec. 9
Dec. 18
Dec. 7
1862.
Ian. 17
Feb. 7
Rappahannock river
Beaufort N C
Pass a 1'Outre
Northeast Pass, Miss
Ty bee light
Schooner....
Sloop
E. J. Waterman
Express
Ellen Jane
Eugenia Smith.
Emma
Mississippi sound . . .
Alexandria, Va
Off Bio Grande
Coast of Florida....
Lat 28, long. 91...
Sloop
Sloop. .
Schooner.. . .
Schooner...
Eugenia Smith.
FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
327
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Steamer. . . .
Elhs....
1862
Feb.
Feb. 14
Roanoke island
Bull's Bay
Rowan's expedition
Restless
Sloop .
Edisto
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Ship
Eva Bell.
MM. 14
Newbern
Rowan's expedition
Eothen,
Emily St. Pierre
Eureka
Ella War ley
Eugenia
Mar. 16
Mar. 18
April
April 25
May 20
May 22
May 29
June 26
July 7
July 23
July 5
Aug. 21
Oct. 11
Off the Mississippi. .
Owasco
Blockadi'g squadron
Potomac flotilla
Santiago de Cuba
Hunchback and
Whitehead
Whitehead
Keystone State and
Jas. Adger
Mt. Vernon, Penob-
scot. Mystic, and
Victoria
Restless and Flag
Adirondack
Ilatteras
Rienville
Flag and Restless.
Crocker's expedition
Arthur
Octorara
Kittatinny
Mt. Vernon and
Cambridge
Sagamore
Anacostia
Hope
Uoaiir de Lion
Sagamore
Conestoga & Duch-
ess.
Sagamore
Chocura and Mara-
tanza.
Roebuck
Pembina
R. R. Cuyler
Courier
Currituck, &c.
Sunflower
Octorara
Yazoo expedition
Cimarron
Juniata
Para
Fort Henry
Covington
Arago, army trans-
port
Red River expeditn'
Niphon
Propeller.. .
Steamer....
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Potomac river
Lat. 28, long. 97...
North Carolina
EllaD
Elizabeth.
Emily
Emily
Emma
Wilmington
Bull's bay .
Lat. 27", long. 75...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Sloop
Elizabeth
Eliza
ElmiraC'rnelius
Eliza
Bull's bay
Armed sch..
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Sloop.
Elmer
EiiasReed.
Emma
Emma Tuttle...
Aug. 12
Nov. 5
Sept. 26
Nov. 3
Nov. 24
Dec. 28
1863.
Jan. 27
Feb. 9
June 28
Feb. 12
Mar. 8
May 4
May 2
April 23
May 6
May 16
May 21
May 31
May 18
Coast of Texas
Lat. 26, long. 77...
Velasco, Texas
New inlet
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Sloop
Steamer....
Sloop. . .
Exchange
Emm a Tuttle...
Emily Murray. .
Elizabeth
Evansville
Enterprise
Rappahannock river
Jupiter inlet
Carson's landing. . . .
Coast of S. Carolina
St. Andrew's bay,
Fla
Schooner...
Sloop
Emma Amelia..
ErasBeckwitb...
Mobile
Steamer....
At'fea
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer.. . .
Sloop
Emily
Echo
Eagle
Lat. 25, long. 83..
Lat. 25% long. 77..
Evening Star...
Elizabeth
May 29
June 14
June 19
July 3
July 2
July 24
July
Warsaw sound, Ga..
Lat. 23, long. 83..
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Sloop
Steamer....
Steamer....
Steamer....
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer...
Emma
Lat. 33, long. 76..
Red river
Elmira
Excelsior
Elizabeth
Ella and Anna.
July 13
Oct. -
Nov. 9
Lockwood's Folly in-
let
328
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
"Where captured.
By what vessel.
Steamer....
Steamer....
Schooner...
British sch..
British sch..
Schooner...
British sch..
Steamer....
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Steamer. . . .
Schooner...
Brig
Steamer
Steamer....
Schooner...
Brig
Ella
Eureka
Ella
Edward
1863
Nov. 10
Nov. 22
Nov. 26
Dec. 24
18'64.
Jan. 16
Jan. 19
Feb. 10
May 3
June 9
Sept. 4
Oct. 19
Dec. 8
Dec. 3
1865.
Feb. 25
Feb. 19
Mar. 20
Off Fort Fisher
At Sea,
Howquah
Aroostook
James Adger
Fox, tender to San
Jacinto
Antona
Gertrude
Roebuck
Florida
Virginia
Rosalie, tender to
Gem of the Sea
Keystone State,
Quaker City
Mobile
Cherokee
F/mTTHl
Chenango
Gertrude
Naval expedition
Union
Mississippi
Massachusetts
South Carolina
Potomac flotilla
R. R. Cuyler
St. Lawrence
Quaker City
Ethan Allen
South Carolina
Rowan's expedition
>
J. L. Davis
Gem of the Sea
Mercedita and Saga-
more
Potomac flotilla
Pursuit
Ethan Allen
Restless
Hatteras
Shepherd Knapp
Keystone State
Masonboro' inlet, N.
Near Suwanee river.
Coast of Texas
Off Mobile ..
Ellen
Eliza
Emily
Experiment.....
Jupiter inlet, Fia...
Masonboro' inlet. . . .
Coast of Texas
Near Charlotte har.
\t sea
Elsie
Emily
Emma Henry. . .
Ella
Elvira
Eco
Emma No. 2....
ETpt Mills .. .
Off San Luis Pass. . .
Lat. 33N., long. 77
"W"
Off Wilmington, N.
Bull "War sound
Off Galveston, Tex.
Eoanoke river, N. C.
Chesapeake bay
Key "West
F. "W. Johnson..
Forest King....
Fanny
Falcon
1861.
June 1
June 13
June 23
July 5
July 16
Aug. 26
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Ship ..
Mississippi sound.. .
Eastern Shore, Md..
Apalachicola bay. . . .
Finland ........
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Sloop
Fanny Lee
Fairwind.
Nov. 6
Aug. 29
Nov. 29
St. Simon's island. ..
Florida
Dec. 11
1862.
Feb.
Tumbalin light -
Steamer. . . .
Forrest . .
Roanoke island
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner . . .
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Schooner. . .
Florida
Mar. 10
Mar. 12
April 2
April 29
April
April 6
Lat. 27 N., long. 84
Georgetown, 8. C...
Floyd
F. J. Capron...
Falcon
Florida
Potomac river
St. Andrew's
Schooner...
Steamer....
Bark
Flash
May 2
May 6
Sept 4
Aug. 22
Oct. 23
Dec. 29
Dec. 30
Fannie Laurie..
Fanny
South Edisto
Schooner...
Schooner...
Sloop
Sloop...,
St. Simon's
Coast of Florida. . . .
Flying Cloud...
Flying Fish
Magnolia.
FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
329
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Sloop
Sloop
Schooner...
Five Brothers...
Florida
Florence Night-
1883.
Mar. 16
Jan. 11
Jan. 13
May 23
June 2
June 25
June 3
June 13
Aug. 12
Oct. 7
Sept. 12
Oct. 2
Oct. 10?
Oct.
Dec. 1
1864.
Jan. 11
Feb. 10
Mar. 20
April 19
May 3
May 30
Aug. 5
Oct. -
Oct. 22
Nov. 27
1865.
Jan. 23
April 11
April
"is'e'i."
April 24
June 4
May 12
June 25
July 6
June 25
June 5
June 24
Aug. 29
Dec. 28
Dec. 30
1862.
Mar. 29
Mar. 17
April 19
April 26
Lat. 27 N., long. 77
w ....:....
Octorara
Tioga and Octorara
Port Royal
Primrose
Sagamore and Two
Sisters
Stars and Stripes
Juniata
Princess Royal
Black Hawk
Genesee
Bermuda
Tennessee
A. Hugel
Honeysuckle
Florida
Honeysuckle
Owasco
Chocura
Bermuda
W. Gulf blockading
squadron
Wachusett
Picket launches
Princess Royal
Fox
Sea Bird
Naval expedition
Cumberland
Quaker City
Niagara
Dawn
Soulh Carolina
Dawn
Mohawk
Daylight
New London
Santee
R. R. Cuyler
Hunchback, &c.
Huron
Gemsbok
LaV. 25"N.', long. 77
W"
Apalachicola
Flying Cloud...
Frolic
Florida.... . ..
Crystal river, Fla...
St. Mark's light....
Lat, 23 N., long. 83
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer.. . .
Steamer
Schooner . . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
English sch.
Steamer....
Sloop
English sch.
Schooner . . .
Sloop
Fashion
Flying Scud
Fulton
Fanny
Florrie
Near Matamoras. . . .
Red river
Near Pascagoula. . . .
Near Mat;igorda
Off Rio Brazos ...
Friendship
Friendship
F. U. Johnson..
Fly
At sea
Oil Alexandria, Va.
Jupiter inlet, Fla . . .
Oft New inlet
Fanny & Jenny.
Florida
Fanny
Fred, the Second
At sea
Off Velasco
Off Brazos rivor
Near Indian river . .
Mobile Bay
Rebel steam.
Eehel arm'd
steamer . .
Steamer....
Schooner...
Schooner...
gloop
Fort Gaines
Florida
Flora
Flash
Fannie McRae. .
Florida
Bahia, Brazil
Off Charleston, 8. C.
Lat, 23" N., long. 97
"W ..
Off St. Mark's, Fla..
Crystal river, Fla. .
Richmond, Va
Roanoke river, N.C.
Hampton roads
Rebel
Iron-clad.
Steamer
Schooner . . .
Bark
Fredericksburg .
Fisher
George M. Smith
General Green..
General Parkhill
General Knox..
George G. Baker
Ship
Schooner . . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner . . .
Steamer....
Schooner . . .
Schooner...
Schooner . . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
George B. Slcat.
Gipsey.
Good E*g . .
St. Mark's. Fla
Rappahannock river
Pascagoula
Grace E. Baker.
G. H. Smoot....
Guide
Gondar
Glenn...
Coast of Cuba
Potecay creek, N. C.
Capture of Fort
Bark...
330
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer
Steamer....
Steamer....
Steamer
Sloop
Gen. C. C. Pink-
1862
May 6
May 12
June 6
At sea
Ottawa
Hatteras
Western flotilla
H
Fort Henry
Teazer
T. A. Ward
Joint expedition
Ariel
Admiral Farragut'a
fleet
Gov.A. Moulton
General "Lovell.
Gen. Beauregard
Berwick's bay
"
General Bragg..
G. L. Brocken-
Oct. 15
Nov. 6
Nov. 16
Apalachicola river. .
Chesapeake bay. ....
St. John's river
Cape Florida . .
Sloop
Sloop
Steamer....
Sloop
Grapeshot
G. W. Green
Gov Morton. . .
Goodluck . .
1863.
Jan. 6
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Bark
Galena
George "W. Grice Jan. 11
George Alban. . . Jan.
Steamer
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner....
Steamer....
Steamer
Steamer
Georgia,
General Taylor.
Glide
Granite City...
Jan. 11
Feb. 20
Teb. 23
'Mar. 22
!Mar. 19
iApril 16
Mar. 20
'April 27
April 24
'May 24
June
July 29
Aug.-
'Aug. 23
Dec. 12
Chesapeake bay....
Tybee creek. . . .
Crusader and Ma-
haska
Marblehead and
Passaic
Tioga
Wissahickon
Vanderbilt
Ethan Allen
Monticello
De Soto
Yazoo Pass expedi-
tion
Cambria
Gem of the Sea
Sunflower
Jacob Bell
Kennebeo
Beauregard
Daffodil and others
Fox, tender to San
Jacinto
Connecticut
Ariel, tender to San
Jacinto
Mara tanza
Niagara
Pembina
Quaker City
Isonomia
Perry
Gertrude
Gipsey
St. Joseph's bay
Morrell's inlet, S. C.
Gulf of Mexico
Schooner....
Schooner.. . .
Steamer
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Steamer
Steamer. . . .
Golden Liner...
General Prim. . .
Golden Age
Glen
Georgo
General Worth
Gold Leaf. ...
Lat. 35N., long. 73
W
Caloosehatch.ee river
Lat 24N., long. 82
W ... . . .. ...
General Beaure-
gard
Off Wilmington
Off Mobile
Grey Jacket Dec. 31
1864.
G. Garibaldi.... Feb. 4
Gen. Sumter... Mar. 12
Good Hope April 18
Greyhound May 10
Gen. Finnegan.'May 28
G^orgiana Mc- June 2
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Steamer. . . .
Sloop
At sea
At sea
Chashcowitzka river
Off Wilm., N. Car.
Coast of Portugal..
Off Brazos, St. lago,
Steamer....
Steamer....
Brig
Aug. 15
Dec. 4
Geziona Hilli-
Schooner....
Bark
1 1865.
Gen. Burkhart. Mar. 17
Geo . Douth waite Mav 8
| 1861.
H. M. Johnson. May 31
Lat. 26N., long. 96
vv
Coast of Florida. . . .
Near Cape Lookout.
Schooner....
FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
331
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Haxall
1861
Hampton roads
Mouth Miss, river..
Minnesota
Brooklyn
Union
St. Lawrence
Thomas Freeborn
Wabash
Vandalia
Naval expedition
M
Pawnee
Omsbok
Resolute
New London and R.
It. Cuyler
Jamestown
Louisiana
Rowan's expedition
Bohio
Isilda
Arthur
Connecticut
Currituck
Commodore Morris
Ottowa
Somerset, &c.
Naval expedition
Estrella
Octorara
Juniata
Kanawha, &c.
Ossipee
Satellite
Florida
Tahoma
Vincennes & Clifton
S. Atlantic blockad'g
squadron
Tioga
Niphon and others
Calypso
Sunflower
Beauregard
Virginia.
Daffodil and others
Para
Liidona
Eolus
Bark
Schooner....
Brig
Hiawatha
H. E. Spearing.
Ilallie Jackson.
Herbert
May 20
May 29
June 10
Schooner.. . .
Herald.
July 16
Augi'21
Sept. 9
n
April 21
Sept. 18
Nov. 22
Dec. 15
Nov. 13
1862.
May 14
Mar. 8
June 5
Aug. 12
Oct. 30
1863.
.Ian. 13
Jan. 22
Jan. 21
Coast N. Car
Potomac river
Sloop
Brigantine. .
Schooner.. . .
Schooner....
Schooner. ..
Schooner. . .
Schooner.. . .
Schooner. . . .
Steamer....
Schooner....
Boat
H. Day
Hannah Balch..
H.*Iiddleton...
H. C. Brooks...
Henry Nutt
Harriet P.Ryan
Harmony
Harford
Henry Lewis...
Havelock
Henrietta
Harriet & Sarah
Henry Travers.
Havana
Charleston
Hatteras . """11
Pope's creek, ,Md...
Mississippi sound. . .
Chincotea'ue
Schooner....
Schooner....
Steamer....
Armed sloop
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Newbern, N. Car.
Lat. 28N., long. 91
W
Dead Man's bay....
Hatopton
Harriet
Dividing creek, Va.
Chuckatuck creek..
Hettiwan
Sloop
Bloop
Eebel armed
steamer. . .
Schooner ...
Schooner. ..
Schooner.. .
Schooner.. . .
Bloop
Hortense
Feb. 18
Mar. 24
April
Lat. 29"N., long. 84
"W
Helen
Hart ... . .
Handy
Harvest
April 22
April 30
May 17
June 30
June 22
June 21
June 18
July 18
June 10
Sept. -
Aug. 18
Oct. 23
Dec. 24
1864.
Feb. 4
Mar. 11
Feb. 20
Mar. 14
Mar.
July 10
Oct. 22
Lat. 26N., long. 76*
W
Lat. 28N., long. 75
W
Hunter
Helena
Henry Wolcott.
Hattie .
Mobile
Schooner....
Schooner...
Bark
Coast of N. Car
Lat. 28N., long. 82"
Harriet
H. McGuin
Havelock (?)
Herald
Hebe
Bay St. Louis
Steamer
Steamer
Charleston .. .
At sea
Off New inlet, N. C.
Off Fryingpan shoals
Schooner. .
Sloop
Herald
Hancock
Sloop
Bloop
Hope
Oft' Mosquito inlet..
San Luis Pass
Near St. John's Fla.
St. Mary's river. . . .
Schooner....
Steamer
Steamer
Bloop
Steamer....
Henry Colthurst
Hattie
Hard Times
Hope
Hope
Off Wilmington
332
VESSELS CAPTDEED AND DESTEOYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Rebel st'r...
Gunboat un-
finished . .
Schooner....
1864
Richmond, Va
Roanoke river, N. C.
Hampton roads
Naval expedition
Minnesota
Halifex
Industry
Iris.....
1861.
May 15
May 27
Schooner....
Schooner.. . .
Brie.
Island Belle....
Isabel or W. R.
King .
Dec. 31
1862.
Feb. 1
May 1
July 12
1863.
Mar. 4
April 18
May 18
June 19
May 22
1864.
April 10
May 28
July 4
July 8
1861.
May 15
July 5
Aug. 2
Oct.""l
Sept. 13
Dec. 26
Dec. 14
1862.
Jan. 20
Jan. 24
Feb. 24
Jan. 25
Mar. 27
Mar. 25
May 11
May 3
June 6
Mar. 14
April 8
April 10
Mar. 28
July 28
Bull's Island light..
Atchafalaya bay. . . .
New inlet, N. Car. . .
Lat. 26N., long. 76
w
Augusta
Montgomery
Jamestown
Mercedita
J. S. Chambers
Gem of the Sea
R. R. Cuyler
United States
Fort Henry
Yicksburg
Admiral
Fleet off Mobile
Sonoma
Minnesota
Daylight, &c.
Thomas Freeborn
Cambridge
South Carolina
Boat expedition from
Colorado
Morning Light
State of Georgia
R R. Cuyler
Mercedita, &0.
Harriet Lane
Arthur
Restless
Cayuga.
Kittatinny
R. R. Cuyler.
Western flotilla
Vessels in sounds of
North Carolina
Commodore Perry,
&c.
Shawsheen, &c.
Hatteras
Katahdin
Restless
Cambridge
Intended.
Ida
Ida
Inez
Isabel
Isabella Thomp-
son
Isabella
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schconer....
Schooner...
Brig
Charlotte harb'r Fla.
[ndian River inlet..
Mobile .. .
Lat. 41 N.. long.
67 W
Sloop
English sch.
Steamer. . . .
Steamer. . . .
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Bark..
Wacassassa bay
At sea
Isabel
OS Galveston.. .
Off Mobile
Ida
J. H. Etheridge.
John Hamilton.
Jane Wright...
Julia
Joseph H. Toone
Judith
Jorgen liorent-
zen
Jane Campbell..
J.W. Wilder...
Julia
Joanna "Ward...
J. J. McNeil....
Julia "Worden..
Jesse J. Cox. . . .
Julia
Jane
Jeff. Thompson.
Jeff. Davis
John
J. J. Crittenden
James Norcon..
Josephine
Sapelo sound ....'.
Hampton roads . .
Potomac river... .
Beaufort, N. Car .
Barrataria bay. . .
Pensacola navy vard
I*tt 6 IS'., Long
370 w
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Beaufort, N. Car...
Mobile bar
Lat. 30 N. long.
80 W
Corpus Christi. . . .
Cape Roman pas-
Mobile
Lat. 26 N., long.
83 W
Memphis
Newborn
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Brig
Schooner...
Sloop.......
Schooner...
Pasquotank river,
N. Carolina
Newtogan creek, N.
Carolira
Little River, N. C. . .
Ship Island, Miss...
Mississippi sound. . .
John Thompson
J. C. Ilozer
Sept. 2
Dec. 3
FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
333
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Sloop
Sloop
Julia
John C. Calhoun
J. C. McCabe...
John Williams..
J.D Clark
Joe Flanner. * . .
1863.
Jan. 8
Jan. 22
Jan. 18
Mar. 19
April 8
April 24
May 4
April 24
April 23
May 24
June 16
July 17
Aug. 10
Sept. 22
Oct. 6
Sept. 13
Oct
Sagamore
Commodore Morris
Zouave
Octorara
Elartford
Pembina
^huckatuck creek . .
James river
Lat. 26 N., long.
76 W
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Sloop
Sloop .
Mobile
''
Gulf of Mexico..!!!
Lat. 28" N., long.
Kanawha
De Soto
Tioga
Yazoo Pass expedi-
tion
Circassian
Tioga
De Soto, &c.
Cayuga
Connecticut
Virginia
Cimarron & Nau-
tucket
Tennessee
Virginia
Kennebec and oth-
ers
Penobscot
Sunflower
Virginia
Estrella
Conemaugh
Proteus
Nipsic
Penobscot
Augusta Dinsmore
Adolph Hugel
Fort Morgan
Cbocura
Acacia
Seminole
Matthew Vassar
Mount Vernon
Roebuck
Potomac flotilla
Brooklyn
Pursuit
James Adger, &c.
JaneAdelie....
Justlna
John "Walsh
John Wesley...
Julia
James Battle...
J. T. Davis
Juno
Jenny
Jupiter
lane
Jenny
John Scott
Steamer....
Sloop
Lat. 28 N., long.
83 W
Schooner...
Steamer
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Steamer
Schooner...
Sloop
Mexican sch
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Sloop
Lat. 25 N., long.
76 W
Ri o Grande
Off Wilmington, N.
Car
Off Rio Grande
j^t gga
Off Rio Brazos
Oct. 6
1861
Jan. 7
Feb. 29
Mar . 24
April 11
April 6
April 30
June 27
July 12
Sept. 11
Oct. 28
Nov. 5
Dec. 5
Dec. 23
1865.
Jan. 14
Feb. 8
1862.
April 2
Dec. 27
1863.
Feb. 25
May 28
June 23
Aug. 1
Off Mobile
John Douglass..
Josephine. . ....
Juanita
OffVelasco, Texas..
Saversota sound....
Off San Luis Pass...
Matagorda bay
Off Mobile bar.
Julia A. Hodges
Judson
Julia
Off Sapelo sound. . . .
Off Galveston
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Sloop
James Williams
John
James Sandy...
John A. Hazard
Julia
Off Velasco
Off Alexandria, Va.
Lat. 26 N., long.
96 W
Schooner...
Near Velasco, Texas
Alligator creek, S. C.
Off Brazos, St. lago,
Texas
Steamer....
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Sloop
Sloop
Steamer....
Julia
Josephine
John Hale
Kate
Kate
Kate
Kate
Kate
Kate
Coast of Florida....
St. Mark's river....
Point Isabel light*. . .
i New Inlet, N. C....
334
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
"Where captured.
By what vessel.
Steamer....
Steamer....
Sloop
1863
July 14
R. R. Cuyler
Mississippi squad-
ron.
Tahoma and Adela
Cumberland
Quaker City-
South Carolina
Thomas Freeborn
Penguin
Cambridge
Seminole
Itaeca
Portsmouth
KaskasMa
Kate Dale
Oct. 16
1861.
May 4
May 30
July 4
July 25
Aug. 11
Sept. 9
Dec. 1
1862.
Jan. 19
Tampa bay.
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Sloop
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Propeller. . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Laurie
Lynchburg
Louisa
Leon
Louisa
Louisa Agnes. . .
Lida
Lizzie Weston . .
Hampton roads. . .
Chesapeake bay..
Galveston
Potomac river....
Cape Fear river . .
Beaufort, N. Car..
Off St. Simonds...
Feb. 1
Boca Chica
Lynnhaven
Lion
Feb.
Feb. 5
Mar. 4
Mar. 9
April
April 4
April 10
Elizabeth City, N.C.
Lat. 26 N., long. 93
Delaware
Kingfisher
Rowan's expedition
Restless
Potomac flotilla
Pursuit.
Keystone State
Colorado
Santiago de Cuba
Delaware
Bienville
Western flotilla
Albatros
Beauregard
Quaker City
Bohio
Penobscot
Unadilla
Greneral Putnam
Bienville arid Pern-
bina
Ino
Santiago de Cuba
W. G. Anderson
Mount Vernon
Admiral Farragut'a
fleet.
Mahaska, &c.
Bienville
McClellan
Currituck, &c
Union
Naval boat exp'n
Santiago de Cuba
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Lizzie Taylor...
Lydia and Mary.
Newbern. .. .
I!ape Roin an passage
Schooner . . .
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Brig
Sloop . ...
Lewis White-
May 6
May 27
Mar. 28
May 29
Tune 6
June 19
June 20
Tuly 3
June 21
Aug. 2
Aug. 4
Mar. 21
Aug. 23
Aug. 27
Aug. 31
Nov. 30
1863.
Jan. 19
Jan. 8
Mar. 15
April 27
May 14
May 21
June
July 15
Lucy C. Holmes.
Lion
LaCriolla.
At sea
Pantago creek,N. C.
Little Rebel....
Lucy
Lilla
L. Rebecca
Lizzie
Lat 29 N., long. 83
"W"
Hole in the Wall....
Sloop
Steamer. . . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Bark
Coast of North Caro-
lina
Ossabaw sound
Powell's Point
Lonely Bell
Charleston
La Manche
Lat. 38 N., long. 69
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Steamer. . . .
Schooner...
Sloop
Lat. 27 N., long. 76
Lilly
Levi Howe
New inlet
New Orleans, La....
White House .
Little Magruder.
Lightning
Laura Dudley..
Ladies' Delight.
Lat. '2*7'' N.*, long. 86
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Steamer. . . .
Urbana Va
Lat. 26 N., long.84
Lady "Walton...
Lizzie
White river
Lat. 27 N., long.75
W...
FOK VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
335
Clasa
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captjja-ed.
By what vessel .
Schooner. . .
Ste.-imer....
Sloop
Lady Maria
Louisville
Last Trial
1863
July 6
Oct.
Bay Port Fla
De Soto and others
Red river expedit'n
Beaurcgard
San Jacinto
De Soto
Stars and Stripes
Beauregard
Queen
Beauregard and Nor-
folk packet
Penobscot
Roebuck
Owasco
Red River
Steamer
Steamer. . . .
Steamer. . . .
Boat
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
English soli.
Sloop
Lizzie Davis....
Leviathan
Laura
Lydia
Louisa
Sept. 16
Sept. 22
1864.
Jan. 18
Feb. 4
Feb. 11
Mar. 11
Feb. 28
Mar. 1
April 17
April 21
June 30
July 9
Aug. 24
Sept 25
Nov. 2
Oct. 15
Oct. 12
Oct. 31
Oct. 12
Oct. 21
Nov. 9
Nov. 6
Nov. 24
Lat. 25 58' N., long.
85 11' W
Off Southwest Pass . .
Ockockney river. . . .
Off Brazos River
Linda
Lilly
Lauretta
Off Mosquito inlet..
Off Velasco, Texas..
Off Indian River
Off Velasco
Lilly
Laura
Last Resort
Little Ada
Lilian
Lynx
Lucy
Roebuck
Gettysburg
Keystone State and
others
Niphon and others
Santiago de Cuba
Mobile
Chocura
Calypso, Eolus, Fort
Jackson
Chocura
Sea Bird
Stepping Stones
Fort Morgan
Chocura
i>
Vfetacomet
Penobscot
Cornubia
Cumberland
Minnesota
Powhatan
South Carolina
Roanoke
Daylight
Freeborn
Wabash
Brooklyn & StLouia
Pawnee
Gemsbok
Dale
Steamer
Steamer
Steamer
Steamer
Schooner . . .
Schooner.. . .
Steamer....
Schooner....
Schooner.. . .
Sloop .....
At sea
Off New inlet, N. C.
Lat. 32 40' N., long.
77 48' W
Off San Luis Pass. . .
Near Aransas Pass.
Off Wilmington....
Off Aransas Pass,
Lady Sterling...
Lucy
Little Elmere. . .
Lone
OffBayport, Fla
Mobjack bay. Va...
Lat. 28 N, long. 95
W
Schooner.. . .
Bar of St. Bernard..
Near Velasco, Texas
Off Velasco, Texas. .
Off Galveston, Texas
Arkansas Pass, Texas
Galveston, Texas ..
Charleston, S. C. ..
Hampton Roads. ..
> ...
Mouth of Mississippi
Schooner
Schooner....
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner.-. .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Longboat. . .
Schooner...
Bark
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Lowood
Lady Hurley...
Lilly
Dec. 4
Dec. 6
1865.
Jan. 6
Feb. 18
May 25
Lecompte
Lady Davis
Mary & Virginia
Mary Willis....
Mary
Mary Clinton...
McCanfield
Mary
Monticello
Morning Star .
1861.
May 4
May 14
May 15
May 30
July 4
July 13
July 26
North Carolina ....
Rappahannock river
Potomac river
Mouth of Mississippi
Hatteras inlet
Mary Alice
Macao
Mary Wood....
Mary E. Pindar
Mabel
Aug. 3
Sept. 5
Sept. 9
Sept. 22
Nov. 15
Lat. 31N, long. 80
W
336
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner...
Schooner...
Sloop
Major Barhour. .
Mars
Mary Lewis....
Margaret, alias
"Win. Henry. .
1862.
Jan. 28
Feb. 5
Jan. 25
Feb. C
Feb. 19
April 2
April -
April 26
April 30
Racoon Point, La. . .
Fernandina
DeSoto
Keystone State
Kingfisher & others
Sciota
Brooklyn and others
Mercedita, &c.
Potomac river
Santiago de Cuba
Dupont's expedition
Unadilla.
Hatteras
Anacoetia
Gem of the Sea
Bienville
Cambridge, Stars &
Stripes
Magnolia
Freeborn
Stars & Stripes, &c.
Arthur
Kensington, &c.
Arthur
Kensington, &c.
Essex
T. A. Ward
Octorara
Admiral Farragut's
fleet
Commodore Morris.
Quaker City
Henry Janes, kc.
Tahoma, &c.
Queen of the West
Potomac flotilla
Victoria
Onward
State of Georgia, &c.
Huntsville.
Annie
Gem of the Sea
Ladona
Powhatan
Western World, &0.
Currituck, &c.
Courier
Sophronia
Primrose, &c.
Do Soto
Mantle river, Fla...
Sloop
Steamer....
Pilot boat..
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Sloop
Pass a 1'Outre
Mary Olivia....
Monterey
Apalachicola
Potomac river
Mersey
Lat. 31 N., long. 79*
Maria
Magnet
Mary Teresa
Magnolia
May 16
May 1
June
June 3
June 27
"
July 81
Aug. 1
Aug. 24
July 10
Charleston . . . .
Piankatank river...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer....
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Sloop
Mary Stewart...
Morning Star. . .
Modern Greece. .
Memphis
Mail.
Mary Elizabeth.
Monte Christo..
Frying Pan shoals. .
Near Fort Fisher...
At sea
Coast of Texas
Feb
Coaat of Texas
Sabine Pass
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Ship . . .
Maria
Mary Grey
Mont Blanc.
Metropolis.
Nov. 12
Dec. 3
Dec. 19
Dec. 25
1863.
Jan. 19
~Nevr Orleans, La. . . .
Sloop
Music
Jan. 22
Jan. 4
Chuckatuck creek. . .
Schooner.. . .
Schooner....
Steamer....
Schooner...
Matilda
Margaret
Feb. 1
Feb. 8
Feb. 23
Feb. 18
Jan. 28
Mar. 24
April 6
April 13
April 8
April 20
April 19
April 24
May 13-
14.
May 17
May 19
Juno 1
May 19
Lat. 27 N., long. 83
W
Moro
MaiL
Minna
Mississippi river....
Shallot inlet
Brig
Magicienne
Mary Jane
Minnie
Lat. 22' K, long. 28'
W
Schooner.. .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Brig
Wilmington.
Lat. 26* N., long. 82
W
Mattie
Maggie Fulton .
Lat. 23 N., long 83
Indian river inlet. . .
Bull's bay
Schooner...
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner.. . .
Schooner....
Major E. Willis
Martha Ann. ...
Maria Bishop...
Mignionette....
Mississippian
Charleston
Chesapeake bay
Urbana, Va
Lawson'sbay, Va...
Gulf of Mexico
FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
337
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Steamer
Steamer.. .
Schooner.. .
Schooner . .
Steamer. . .
Steamer.. .
Sloop .
Mobile..
3863
Yazoo City
Yazoo Pass exped'n
Tahoru'a
Itasca
Iroquois
Yankee
Adolph Hugel
De Soto
W. G. Anderson
Cosur de Lion, &c.
Honduras & others
Anne, tender to Fort
Henry
Keystone State and
others
Owasco and Virginia
Kennt'bec
Two Sisters, tender
to San Jacinto
Ariel, tender to San
Jacinto
Antona
Circassian
Bermuda
Union
B( auregard
Roebuck
Grand Golf
Aroostook
Scioto '
Nyanza
Rachel Seaman
Connecticut
Honeysuckle
Valley City
Kanawha and others
Magnolia
S. Atlantic Block.
Squadron
J. P. Jackson and
Stockdale
Mackinaw
Itasca
Pocahontaa
Kanawha
Mary Jane
June 18
July 24
July 2
Sept. 17
Sept. 13
Aug. 25
Clearwater harbor..
Brazos Santiago
Ne w inlet, N. C....
Baltimore, Md
Potomac river
Lat. 28 32' N.. long.
8912'W ... .
Merrimack ....
Massachusetts . .
Music
Steamer
Schooner.. . .
Schooner . .
Montgomery. . . .
Mack Canfield. .
May...
British stmr
British stmr
Steamer
Schooner. . . .
Schooner
Schooner....
Sloop
Mail .
Oct. 15
Oct. 20
Nov. 5
Nov. 4
Dec. 9
Nov. 27
Dec. 16
Nov. 26
Dec. 9
Nov. 14
1864.
Jan. 13
Jan. 15
Jan. 10
Jan. 19
Mar. 6
Mar. 11
Mar. 12
April 4
April 13
May 9
April- 29
May 5
July 8
Sept. 10
Oct. 29
Dec. 8
Dec. 3
Dec. 8
Dec. 19
1865.
Jan. 3
Martha Jane....
Margaret and
Near Cedar Keys. . . .
Off Wilmington
Off Rio Grande
Off Mobile
Matamoras
Marshal J. Smith
Maria Alberta..
Magnolia
Bay port, Florida
Lat. 26 15' N., long.
82 W. .
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner...
Sloop
Sloop
Schooner. . .
British sch..
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner.
British sch..
Eng.steamer
English sch.
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Steamer
Schooner....
Schooner.. . .
Schooner....
Sloop
Lat. 26 22' N., long.
97 W
Minna
Lat 23 48' N., long.
78 3' W
Mary Campbell.
Mayflower ...
Near Pensacola
Sarasope Pass, Fla..
Minnie... .
Maria Louise...
Mary
Off Wilmington
Lat. 28 50' N., long.
95 5' "W
M. P. Burton...
Gulf of Mexico
Off Galvesto i
Mary Sorley....
Maudoline
Maria Alfred...
Atchafalaya bay. . . .
Lat. 28" 50' N., long.
95 5' W
Lat. 34 N., long. 75
28' W
Miriam
Lat. 25 25' N., long.
84 30' W
M. O'Neill
Off Washington, N.
Carolina.
Off coast of Texas..
Lat. 22 50' N., long.
85 47' W.
Off Charleston, S. C.
Pascagoular bar.....
Lat. 32 N., long. 78
W.
Off Pass Cabello, Tex
Gulf of Mexico.....
Off Velasco, Texas..
Matagorda
Matagorda
Mary Bowers. . .
Medera
Mary
Mary Ann
Morris
Schooner
Schooner....
Mary Ellen
338
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner. . .
Steamer. . . .
Steamer....
Iron-clad
(rebel)
Steamer. . . .
Ship .
Matilda.
1865
Feb. 11
Feb. 18
Feb. 11
Mar. 3
Mar. 16
Off Pass Cabello, Tex
Aransas Pass, Texas
Near Pass Cabello,
Texas.
Bayou Vermillion,
Louisiana.
Indian river, Fla...
Penobscot
i>
H
Glide
Pursuit
Minnesota
Brooklyn, &c.
Rowan's expedition
Mercedita, &c.
Bainbridge
Sea Foam
State of Georgia, &c.
Mount Vernon, &c.
Commodore Perry,
&c.
Alabama
Tioga
General Sherman,
fee.
Diana
Montauk
Victoria, &c.
S. Atlantic Block.
Squadron
South Carolina
Sagamore
Rachel Seaman
Yazoo Pass exped'n,
Yankee
DeSoto
Lackawanna
Sassacus
Nita
Roebuck
Sunnower
Kiplion
Princess Royal
Star
Massachusetts
Mary Agnes....
Matilde
Malta
Mary
Mab
June 3
1861.
May 14
June 19
1862.
Mar. 14
April 2
May 11
May 15
May 28
July 29
Charleston, S. C
Mary T. Cotton.
North Carolina.
Nahum Stetson.
Hampton roads
Mouth of Mississippi
river.
Brie
Schooner....
Schooner.. . .
Schooner....
Sloop
New Island
Newcastle ... .
Lat. 23 N., long. 83
W.
Coast of Cuba
New Eagle
Nassau
Napier
Nathan'l Taylor
Nellie
Bteamer. . . .
Brig
Schooner....
Wilmington
April 8
Sept. 23
Dec. 1
H
Pasquotank river, N.
Carolina.
Ossabaw Sound, Ga.
Bahama Banks
Port Royal
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer....
Steamer ....
Steamer
Sloop....
Neustra Sonora
de Regla.
Nashville
1863.
Feb. 28
Mar. 21
April 19
Mar. 29
April 26
April 22
May
Fort McAllister.....
Cape Fear river....
Nicolailst
Neptune
Nellie...
Port Royal
Schooner....
Schooner....
Steamer. . . .
Schooner
Steamer....
Steamer
Steamer....
Steamer
Sloop
New Year
Tortugas
Coast of Texas
Natchez
Nanjemoy
Nita
July 15
Aug. 17
June 14
1864.
Feb. 4
Feb. 24
Feb. 27
May 6
Sept. 29
Nov. 19
1865.
April
May 10
186L
May 16
June 23
Gulf of Mexico
Lat. 25 N., long. 85
W.
New river inlet
Nutfield
Nan-Nan
Nina.
Suwannee river
Indian river
Steamer....
Schuoner....
Steamer....
Iron-clad
(rebel)....
Bark
Schooner-...
Night Hawk. . . .
Off 'Brazos* de Santi-
ago, Texas.
Richmond, Va
Nansemond
Nashville
Octavia
Hampton roads
Mississippi sound...
Olive Branch...
FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
339
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner. . .
Pungy
Ocean Wave....
Ocean Wave....
Olive
Osceola
1861
Sept. 9
July 18
Nov. 22
Dec. 9
1862.
Jan. 21
Jan. 10
Feb.
Mar. 14
April 2
July 24
Oct. 14
Dec.
1863.
Jan. 19
April 15
May 16
Aug.
Oct. 23
1864.
May 1
April 27
April 18
Aug. 24
1861.
May 25
June 9
June 7
July 28
Aug. 22
Sept. 28
Dec. 24
1862.
Mar. 14
Hatteras inlet
Pawnee
Resolute
New London, &c.
Kingfisher, &c.
Katteras
Santiago de Cuba
Rowan's expedition
M ercedita
Quaker City
Memphis
Calhoun
Admiral Farragut'a
fleet
Monticello
Two Sisters
Norfolk packet
Fox, tender to 8.
Jacinto
Union
Beau regard
Narcissus
Schooner
Sloop
Mississippi sound. . .
Schooner. . . .
Schooner....
Sloop
Steamer....
r^loop
Schooner....
Steamer
Schooner....
Bar kan tine .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer
British sch..
Sloop
Eng. schn'r.
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Bark
Olive Branch...
Ocilla
O. K
Old North State.
Octavia
Coast of Florida. . . .
Cedar Keys
A.ppalachicola..
Lat.22N., long. 87"
W.
Coast of Carolina. . .
New Orleans
Little River inlet, N.
Carolina.
Anclote Key
Orion
Ouachita.
Orion
Ocean Eagle
Odd Fellow.....
Oliver S. Breeze
Oconee
Ocean Bird
Oscar.
O K..
STear Savannah
OS St. Augustine in-
let.
Lat. 26 5' N., long.
83 20' W.
Coast of Florida....
OS St. Augustine,
Florida.
Biloxi bay
Oramoneta
Pioneer
Sampton roads
Gulf of Mexico
Pass & 1'Outre... .
Minnesota.
Massachusetts.
Brooklyn.
St. Lawrence,
ollector of the port
Susquehanna
Gem of the Sea
Rowan's expedition
Portsmouth
Owasco
Hatteras, &c.
Hatteras
Bienville
Susquehanna
Currituck
Vessels in sounds of
N. Carolina
Penobscot
Reliance
Octorara
Currituck
Chocura
Tioga
Unadilla, &c.
Vanderbilt
Gem of the Sea
Ship
Bark
Perthshire
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Petrel
Prince Leopold.
Prince Alfred...
Prince of Wales.
P. A. Sanders. . .
Palma
Charleston
New York
Hatteras inlet.
Pioneer
Feb. 20
Mar. 16
April 4
May 17
May 26
May 29
June
May 7
Mar. 14
Nov. 2
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Sloop
Steamer. . . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner...
SloOD
President
P. C. Wallis....
Poody
Patra*
Providence
Princeton
Planter
Mississippi river
Pass Christiana
Vermillion bay
Tortugas banks
Pamunkey river . . .
Post Boy
Pointer ....
Prize
Potter
Pride
Pearl
Princess Royal.
Peterhoff
Petee
Oct. 31
Dec. 20
1863.
June 3
June 21
June 20
June 29
Feb. 25
Mar. 10
Boat.
Sloop
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer....
Steamer....
Sloop,
Potomac river
Frying Pan shoals. .
Charleston
St. Thomas
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Steamer....
Steamer....
Steamer....
Steamer....
Sloop
Steamer....
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Small boat..
Steamer
Sloop
Pacifique
Pushmataha. . . .
Planter
1863
Mar. 27
June 13
June 15
Dec. 20
Sept. 23
1864.
Feb. 2
Feb. 16
Mar. 12
June 9
July 8
Oct. 29
Oct. 27
St. Mark's
'stars and Stripes
Sunflower
Lacka wanna
Fox, tender to S. Jo-
ciuto
Connecticut
Lehigh and others
Montgomery
Massachusetts and
others
Newbern
Azalia and Sweet
Brier
S. Atlantic Blockad-
ing squadron
Sciotk
Pursuit
Sunflower
Boat expedition
Honeysuckle
Estrella, &c.
Potomac flotilla
Thomas Freeborn
Yankee
Cambridge
Dart
Expedition from
Sau tee
Hatteras
Mercedita, &c.
Potomac flotilla
Kanawha
Bienville
Pawnee and others
Rhode Island
Hatteras
Arthur
Huntsville
Connecticut
Wyandank
Monticello, &o.
Penobscot
"W. G. Anderson
Daylight
Octorara
Two Sisters
Lat.27N.,long. 86
Powerful
Suwannee river....
Near Rich inlet, N.
Phantom
Presto
Pet
Persis
Pevensey
Pocahontas
Prince Albert...
Pancha Larispa.
Sullivan's island....
Off Lockwood's Fol-
ly inlet
Off Wassaw sound,
Ga
Off Charleston, S. C.
Off Velasco, Texas..
Near ludian river,
Petrel....
Pickwick
Pet
Dec. 15
Dec. 6
1865.
Feb. 7
Mar. 3
Jan.
April
1863.
April
1861.
July 16
New inlet, N. C.. .
Coast of Florida. .
Galveston bay ... .
Suwannee river. . .
Sounds of N. Car .
Richmond, Va... .
Red river, Ark
Eastern Shore, Md.
Schooner...
Sloop
Steamer....
Rebel steam.
Ram
Philadelphia....
Patrick Henry .
Qu'noftheWest
Ring Dove
Schooner . . .
Sloop
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Armed rebel
schooner..
Sloop
Remittance
Aug. 28
Sept. 10
Bea'ufo'rt, N." C '..'.'.'.
Royal Yacht....
Rattler
Nov. 7
1862.
Jan. 10
April 2
April 20
May 29
June 6
June 4
April 4
July 9
July 21
Sept. 9
Sept. 5
Oct. 11
Oct. 22
Sept 17
Oct. 30
1863.
Jan. 10
Feb. 1
Galveston
Cedar Keys
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner . . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Brig
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Sloop...
Rose
R. C. Files
Mobile
Stono inlet
Rich'd O. .Bryan
Resolution
Coast of Texas
Coast of Texas.
Reliance
Rambler
Rising Sun
Revere
Robert Bruce . .
Lat. 28 N., long. 94
W
Cape Fear river
Shallot inlet, JS T . C..
Racer
Rising Dawn...
New inlet, N. C
Bocos Grande . . .
FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
341
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner. . .
Steamer
Sloop
1863
New Era
Conestoga, &o.
J. S. Chambers
Octorara
Fort Henry. &c.
Mount Vernon, &c.
W. G. Anderson
Kanawha
De Soto
Yazoo Pass exped'n.
Primrose
IJ. S. Chambers
Jasmine
Owasco
Louisiana
Gem of the Sea
Cceur de Leon
James Adger
Roebuck
New London
Western Metropolis
San Jacinto
Minnesota and oth-
ers
Beauregard
Roebuck
Virginia
Beauregard
Wamsutta
Proteus
Keystone state
Hope
Stepping Stones
Proteus
Fox
Quaker City
South Carolina
Cumberland
Minnesota
Perry
Quaker Ci'.y
Minnesota
Hose Hamilton.
Relanpag)
Rosalie
Feb. 12
Mar. 4
Mar. 16
Mar. 25
Ap'nl 15
May 18
April 24
May 24
Carson's landing. . . .
Charlotteharbor.Fla
Lat. 26 N., long. 76
W
Sloop
Sloop
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Steamer....
Rani . ..
Eising Dawn...
Royal Yacht...
Ripple
Rapid
R. J". Lockland.
Republic
Crystal river
New inlet. ...
Galveston . . .
Mobile
Gulf of Mexico
Sloop
Richard Vaux..
Rebekah
June 20
June 18
July 14
July 21
July -
Aug. 31
Sept. 15
Nov; 9
Dec. 17
Dec. 3
1864.
Jan. 28
Jan. 7
Jan. 11
Jan. 31
Feb. 29
April 13
May 12
June 2
June 9
July 2
Aug. 2
Nov. 9
1865.
Feb. 27
Mar. 2
April -
April -
Mar. 12
1861.
Sept. 11
May 1
Vfay 17
June 3
June 26
Fu;y 1
Potomac rivor
Lat. 27 N., long. 83
Schooner...
Sloop
Relempago
Lat. 2*5 N., long. 82
W
Schooner...
Schooner...
Renshaw
Richard
Washington, N. C..
Charlotte harbor...
Schooner...
Steamer....
British sch..
Mexican sch
Steamer....
Schooner...
Steamer
Sloop
Schooner...
Sloop
Sloop ... .
Robert Knowles
R. E. Lee, for-
merly Giraffe.
Ring Dove
Raton del Nilo.
Rosita.
Oft' Wilmington....
Off Indian river, Fla
East of Padre island,
Texas.
Gulf
Lat. 26 23' N.: long.
83 59' W.
Near Lockwood's
Folly inlet.
Off Cape Canaveral.
Indian river
Racer
Rebel
Rosina
San Luis Pass..
Cape Canaveral
Off Georgetown ....
Lat. 28 2' N. ; long.
77 W.
Lat. 32 50' N. ; long.
75 40' W.
Off Bull's Bay. .
Steamer....-
British sch..
British st'r.
Sloop .
Rose
R. S. Hood
Sloop
Reliance
Ruby
Rob Roy
Mobjackbay, Va...
At sea. .
Steamer. . . .
Schooner...
Iron-clad,
rebel.
Iron-clad,
rebel.
Brig
Schooner...
Schooner...
Bark
Schooner...
Bark
Schooner. . .
Steinhatchie river,
Fla.
Richmond, Va
Lat. 27 N., long. 96
W .
Galveston. I. ..
Richmond
Roanokc
R. H. Vermilyea
SoledadCos
Sarah and Mary
Star
Savannah
SallieMagee....
Sally Mear*....
Hampton roads
Hampton road?
342
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel
Schooner...
Schooner...
Bark
Sam Houston...
Shark
1861
July 7
July 4
June 26
Aug. 3
Sept. 10
Sept. 28
Oct. 12
Oct. 13
June 8
South Carolina
Rattlesnake shoals. .
Wilmington
Hatteras inlet
Vandalia. &c.
Wabash
Pawnee
Susquehanna
Dale
Keystone State
Resolute
Louisiana
Bienville
Supply
Hatteras
DeSoto
Rowan's expedition
Ethan Allen
Rowan's expedition
Potomac flotilla
Kanawha
Onward
Bienville
Bainbridge, &c.
Sea Foam
Western flotilla
Penobscot
Keystone State, &c.
Hatteras
Vessels in sounds oi
N. Carolina
General Putnam
Wyandank
State of Georgia, &o.
Arthur
Restless
Daylight, &c.
T.A.WaW
Diana
Admiral Farragut's
fleet
Schooner...
Schooner..*
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Schooner....
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Sarah Starr
Susan Jane
Specie
Salvor
Lat. 3l" N., long. 80
W.
Sarah & Carol'e
Stephen Hart. . .
Staff
Dec. 11
1862.
Jan. 29
Jan. 10
Feb. 8
Feb
St. John's river
Lat. 24 N., long. 82
"W
Cedar keys
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner.. . .
Schooner. . .
Steamer. . . .
Steamer....
Sloop
Slar
Bayou Lafourche. . .
Roanoke island
"West coast of Fla...
Spitfire . .
Mar.
Mar. 14
April -
April 10
May 1
May 24
May 15
June 5
June 6
June 14
June 20
June 3
Mar. 14
June 9
April 19
Aug. 11
Sept. 22
Sept. 28
Feb. -
Oct. 24
Nov. 4
Nov. 16
Dec.
1863.
Jan. 19
Jan. 8
Feb. 20
Feb. 3
Mar. 30
Mar. 13
Sarah A. Fal-
coner.
Sarah Ann
Sidney C. Jones
Sea Foam
Southern Inde-
pendence.
Sarah
Stettin
Off Mobile ..
Bull's bay
Charleston
Lat, 23 N., long. 82
W.
Coast of Cuba
Swan...
Sarah
Steamer....
Steamer. . . .
Schooner . . .
Steamer....
Sereta . .
Shallow inlet, N. C.
Charleston
Sarah
Sarah
Steamer. . . .
Steamer....
Steamer. . . .
Steamer....
Steamer
Steamer....
Sloop
Steamer....
Bark . .
Susan Ann How-
ard.
Scupper nong...
Newbern
Indian Town, N. C.
S. C. Jones
Southerner
New inlet, N. C....
Coast of Texas
Bull's bay
Swan
Scotia
Sophia
Masonborough inlet
Sloop
S. W. Green . . .
Southern Mer-
chant.
St. Charles
Sallie Rohinson.
Silas Henry
Steamer. . . .
Steamer....
Steamer....
Schooner.. . .
"Bark
New Orleans, La. . .
Point Rosa, Florida.
Lat. 25 N., long. 73
W.
Little River inlet. . .
Lat. 26 N., long. 83
W.
Tahoma
Julia, &o.
Sonoma
Monticello
Huntsville
Schooner...
Schooner...
Schooner...
Springbok
Sue
Surprise
FOB VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
343
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Steamer....
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Sloop
1861
April 18
April 22
May 6
May 8
May 13
May 9
May 15
May 24
Cape Remain inlet..
Fort Fisher, N. C...
Stettin
Mount Vernon, &c.
Dragon
Primrose
De Soto
Aroostook, &c.
Cnnandaigua
Yazoo Pass exped'n
Brooklyn
Itasca.
Tahoma
Satellite
Fort Henry
Sagamore
St George
Samuel First. . . .
Sarah Lavinia..
Sea Bird
Curritoman river. . .
Lat. 29 N., long. 87
W.
Mobile .
Steamer....
Steamer... .
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner.. . .
Schooner.. . .
Sloop
Schooner
Star of the West
Star
Sea Drift
May 30
June 22
June 6
May 28
Aug. 6
Aug. 8
Brazos Santiago
Matagorda island. . .
Tampa, Florida....
Great Wicomico....
St. Martin's reef. . . .
Gilbert's bar. .......
Sarah.
Southern Star..
Southern Rights
Shot
Steamer....
Steamer. . . .
Steamer. . . .
Stenmer. . . .
British bark
British sch..
Bark.
Sir William Peel
St Mary's
Aug. -
Off Rio Grande
Yazoo City....
Seminole
Mississippi squadr'n
Union
Tahoma and Adela
Vanderbilt
Connecticut
Owasco & Virginia
Huron
Roebuck
Patapsco
Norwich and others
Penobscot
Connecticut
Dan Smith & others
Virginia
Tioga
Beauregard
Keystone State
Norfolk packet
W. Gulf blockading
squadron
Metacomet
losco
Metacomet
O. H. Lee
Malvern & others
Gladiolus & others
Marigold
Honeysuckle
Cumberland
Minnesota
i Massachusetts
Oct. 8
Oct. 16
Oct 30
Dec. 20
Nov. 5
1864.
Jan. 2
Jan. 11
Feb. 9
"
Feb? 29
Mar. 1
Mar. 3
Mar. 9
Mar. 20
April 7
June 5
June 26
Aug. 5
Dec. 31
Nov. 21
Nov. 27
Dec. 10
1865.
Jan. 19
Feb. 18
Feb. 25
Feb. 28
April'
Lat. 31 N., long.
80 W.
Scottish Chief..-.
Coast of Africa
Off Wilmington....
Off Rio Grande
Doboy sound, Ga...
Otf Jupiter inlet
Wassaw sound
St. John's river
FortCaswell, N.C..
Off Velasco. Texas..
Lat. 32 34' W., long.
77 18' W.
Altamaha sound, Ga.
Off Coast of Texas.
Off Elbow Li eht....
Off Cape Canaveral.
South of Cape Look-
out
Mosquito inlet. . . . . .
Sallie
British sch.
En?, sch'ner
Schooner....
Steamer....
Steamer. . . .
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Sloop
Swift
St. Mary's
Spunky
Siingray
Scotia
Sophia.
Sylphide
Schooner... .
Steamer....
Sloop
Spunky
Siren
Sarah Mary....
Selma
Sea Witch
Sybil.
Susanna
Sorts.
Stag
Syren
Salvador .
Steamer....
Schooner.. . .
Schooner...
Steamer
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer. . . .
Schooner.. .
Schooner. . .
Brig
Lat. 27" N., long. 93
W.
Off Campeachy b'ks
Cape Fear river....
Charleston, S. C....
At sea
Sort
Sar. M. Newhall
Shrapnell
Cedar keys, Fla
S. A. squadron.....
Richmond, Va
Rebel stm'r
Eebel stm'r
Schooner...
Schooner
Schooner.. . .
Theresa C
Tropic Wind
TrosFreres
1861.
May 4
May 20
June 23
Hampton roads
Mississippi sound...
344
VESSELS CAPTUEED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
"Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner...
Sloop
Ship
Tom Hicks
1861
July 9
South Carolina
Dana "
Roanoke, &c.
Cambridge
Kingfisher
Restless
Octorara
Maratanza
Kensington
Free born
Albatross
W. G. Anderson
Sagamore
Crusader
Admiral Farragut'a
fleet
Cambridge
H. Hudson
Cayuga, &c.
Satellite
Sagamore
Mississippi squadr'n
Curiituck & Fuchsia
Granite City
Roebuck
Nita
Kansas
Fort Jackson
Roebuck
W. Gulf blockading
squadron
Wyalusing
Quaker City
Part of N. A. B
squadron
Harriet Lane
Tahoma
J. S. Chambers
Teaser
July 5
Sept. 1
Oct. 15
Nov. 6
1862.
Jan. 30
Feb. 14
July 24
T. J. Evans
Thomas Watson
T. W. Riley....
Teresita
Chesapeake bay
Charleston
Sloop
Span. bark..
Schooner....
Steamer....
Schooner....
Tug
Rappahannock river
Theo. Stoney...
Tubal Cain
Bull's bay
Lat. 31 N., long. 78
W.
Teaser
,luly 4
Aug. 13
Oct. -
Sept. 21
Sept. 4
Oct. 28
Schooner
Sloop
Troy
Thomas Reilly..
Two Sisters
Quantico Crceli
Schooner
Schooner....
Schooner...
Steamer....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Steamer. . . .
Steamer....
Span. bark-
British sloop
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer
Eng. sch'ner
Rebel ram..
Schooner....
Sloop
Rebel ram..
Steamer.....
Schooner...
Schooner...
Steamer.....
Lat, 28 N., long. 93
W.
Trier
Tobacco, 4 boxes
Tennessee.
Mobjack bay
New Orleans, La. . .
New inlet
1863.
Jan. 19
Jan. 23
Mar. 16
Mar. 3
Aug. 17
July 24
July
Oct. 21
Nov. -
1864.
Feb. 25
April 11
May 15
June 4
July 10
Aug. 5
1865.
Jan.
Mar. 16
Mar.
Mar. -
Time
Theresa.
Lat. 27" N.. long. 83
W.
Three Brothers.
Turpentine, 11
barrels.
Tom Sugg
Three Brothers.
Teresita
Great Wicomico. . . .
Cape Canaveral....
Near Rio Grande. . .
Off Indian river
Homasassa river ....
Lat. 34 & N., long.
77 27' W.
Lat. 32 38' N., long.
75 55' W.
Off Indian riv. inlet.
Mobile bay
Two Brothers. . .
Three Brothers.
Tristr'm Shandy
Thistle
Tennessee
Perquimon's river,
N, Carolina.
Lat. 25 N.; long. 96
W.
Richmond Va
Telemico
Texas
Richmond Va
Charleston, S.C
Union
Uncle Mose
Union
1861.
June 5
1862.
July 7
Aug. 25
Coast of Yucatan...
Lat. 23 N.: long. 85
W.
FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
345
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Steamer. . .
Union
1863.
(May 19
1861.
July 4
July 18
Dec. 26
Dec. 3
1862.
April 10
May 15
July 2
July 12
June 19
Sept. 30
1863.
Jan. 18
Feb. 28
May 28
May 30
June 21
Oct. 21
Nov. 5
1864.
Jan. 12
Dec. 1
1865.
Mar.
1861.
May 15
Lnt.27]Sr.:long, 85
W.
Galveston
Huntsville
South Carolina
Albatross
Rhode Island
Santiago de Cuba
lanawha
Calhoun
Gem of the Sea, &c.
ilercedita
Horning Light
Crocker's expedition
Wachusett
Wyandank
Tuniata
Brooklyn
Santiago de Cuba
Nansemond
)wasco & Virginia
Jeauregard
Rhode Island
Minnesota
iuaker City
Crusader
Ternandina
Hatteras
n
'ortsmouth.
Restless
Water Witch
G. W. Blunt
Santiago de Cuba
Hunchback, &c.
Dalhoun,
Montgomery
Durrituck, &c
Bohio.
Dom'dore Perry, &c,
DeSoto
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Sloop
Coast of N. Carolina
Lat, 28 N.; long. 93
W.
Point Isabel
Venus
Victoria
Victoria
Mobile
Venus
Lake PoLchartrain.
Georgetown, S. C . . .
Lat. 26 N.: long. 76
W.
Mobile bay
Volante
Victoria
Venture
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Sc ooner...
Steamer
Sloop
Steamer
Steamer....
Brig .
Velocity
if ugue's island
Vesta..
Point Isabel
Victory
Lat. 25 K; long. 75
W.
New inlet, N. C
Off Rio Grande
Oif Cape Canaveral.
Between Tubb's riv-
er and Little inlet,
N. Carolina.
Lat. 32 N.; long. 78
W.
Richmond,. Va
Venus
Volante
British sea.
Steamer. . . .
Steamer. . . .
Rebel iron-
clad
Schooner....
Fchoonsr...
Bark
Voiante
Vesta
Vixen
Virginia
William & John
William Henry.
Winifred
Wanderer
William H. Nor-
throp.
WyfeorNye....
William H. Mid-
dleton.
Wave
lampton roads
May 25
May 14
Dec. 25
1862.
Jan. 10
Feb. 1
Feb. 14
May 5
April 19.
April 23
May 21
May 6
June 3|
May 5|
June 27
July 9|
July 1
Cape Henry
Yacht
Key West
Schooner. . .
Schooner....
Sloop
Cedar keys
Boca Chico
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner
Schooner...
fcch ooner...
Steamer....
Schooner....
Sloop
Sloop
Steamer....
Schooner....
Wandoo
Bull's bay
William Mallory
Wave 1
W. C. Bee
Winter Shrub...;
Whlteman
Will o' the Wisp
Water Witch...,
Wave
Wilson
William '
St. Andrew's bay...
Georgetown . . '
Keel's creek, N. C . .
Lake Pontchartrain.
Rio Grande
Mississippi sound. . .
Hamilton, N. C
Sabine lake, La
346
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Class.
Name.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Schooner....
Sloop
We^t Florida
1862.
Kensington, &c.
Arthur
E. B. Hale
Corypheus
Montgomery
New Era
Conemangh
Sacramento
Octorara
Wabash, &c.
De Soto, &c.
Cayuga
Mercedita
Gertrude
Two Sisters, tender
to San Jacinto
Restless
Norwich, &c.
Virginia
Hendrick Hudson
Fort Jackson
Arkansas
Cumberland
Union
Roebuck
Grand Gulf
Elk
Connecticut
Huntsville
New London
M ississippi Squadr'n
Adolph Hugel
Water Witch...
Wave
Water Witch. . .
Wm, E. Chester
Wm.H.Harrison
Wm. A. Knapp.
Sept. 27
Nov. 4.
Aug. 24
Nov. 20
1863.
Jan. 24
Corpus Christi
Arizona Pass
Schooner...
Steamer....
Steamer
Schooner...
Schooner....
Schooner. . .
Steamer....
Schooner...
British sch.
Steamer
British sch.
Schooner. . .
Steamer. . . .
Schooner....
Schooner....
Steamer....
Schooner. . ..
Steamer. . . .
Steamer. . . .
Tug
Wave Queen. . . .
Wanderer
Feb. 25
May 2
April 20
May 13
July 18
Aug. 22
Oct. 28
Aug. 16
1864.
Jan. 13
Jan. 22
Feb. 1
Feb. 15
Mar. 21
Oct. 21
Sept. 27
1865.
Feb. 9
Jan. 21
1861.
April 24
North Santee
W.Y. Leitch...
Wonder
Lat. 26 N.; long. 76
W.
Port Royal, S. C....
Wm. Bagley
Wave
William
Lat. 26 N.: long. 96
W.
Lat. 26 N.; long. 86
W.
Off Suwannee river.
St. Andrew's bay. . .
Stump ii.let, N. C...
San Luis Pass
William
Wm. A. Kain...
Wild Payrell . . .
Wm. Douglass..
Wild Pigeon....
Wando
Florida coast
Lat. 33 5' N. ; long.
76 40' W.
Lat. 28" 40' N.: long.
90 53' W.
Off Galveston, Texas
Mississippi Squadr'n
Hampton Roads. . . .
Cape Hatteras
Watchful . ..
Will o' the Wisp
WInona
Young America.
York
Rebel priv'r
schooner.
British slo'p
Steamer....
Sloop
Schooner. . .
Schooner...
Schooner. . .
Young Racer...
Young Republic
Yankee Doodle.
Zeland
1864.
Jan. H
May 6
June 10
1861.
Nov. 21
Oct. 1
Near Jupiter's inlet.
Lat. 32 10' N.; long.
78 49' W.
Entrance to Pearl
river, Miss.
OffTampico bay
Vermillion bay
Zavala
Sloop
Zion
1864.
Noy. 2
.....
FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
347
MISCELLANEOUS CAPTURES.
Description.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
1861
Dec. 11
May 28
Oct. 5
Oct. 11
Aug. 16
Nov. 15
Off St. John's river, Fla..
Bienville
Resolute
Louisiana
Jnion
Yankee
Bam Houston
Arthur
Bienville
Mercedita, &o.
Huntsville
Hatteras
Chincoteague inlet
gloop
Potomac river
Pass Cavallo
Dec. 15
1862.
Jan . 24
St Andrew's
Bark
Jan. 23
Jan. 10
Mobile bar
Sail-boat
1 iron windlass
5 barrels of lard, &c.
Mar. 14
Roanoke N C
Naval expedition
Commodore Perry
Ariel.
Rowan's expedition
Louisiana, &c.
Feb. 10
Jan. 22
Feb.
Elizabeth City
Schooner
Feb. 12
Edenton N C
>
Lieut. Jeffer's expedition
New London
!>
S. Atlantic Blockading
Squadron
Jacob Bell, &c.
H
Hatteras
Huron
Alabama
Santiago de Cuba
Tahoma
Santiago Cuba
Amanda
Kanawha
Corwin, &c.
Rhode'lsland
Naval expedition
Delaware
2 fishing schooners..
Isle au Pied. .
Mar. 3
Sloop
April
Rappahannock river
April 12
April 26
May 8
('oast of South Carolina.
Bull's bay
April 24
June t>
C*r*f\< I
Memphis'.
Mar.
June 17
June
May -
May 4
July -
Near Sabine river
Table land of Mariel
Fort Morgan
Bark
Schooner, (supposed
to be Monticello.)
"West Point, Virginia
Coppohosal
1,200 bars railroad
iron.
St. Simon's sound, Ga. . .
Newborn, N C
Steamer
Mar. 21
348
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Description.
"When
cap-
tured.
"Where captured.
By what vessel.
Sloop
1862
Aug. 11
Aug. 12
July 10
July 29
Sept. 26
Oct. 1
Oct. 3-5
Oct. 9
Oct. 17
Oct. 24
Nov. 1
Potomac river
Arthur
Pittsburg
State of Georgia
Eureka.
T. A, Ward
Jacob 'Bell
Matthew Vassar
Freeborn
T. A. Ward
Cambridge
Daylight
Chocura
E. B. Hale
General Putnam, &c.
i)
Crusader
Mt. Vernon, &C.
Dan Smith
Calhoun
Sagamore
Mahaska, &c.
N
Sloop
Sloop
A wharf boat
"
Eunice
New inlet N C
An old launch
Quantico creek.
One seven-oared boat
Metalic life-boat....
One seine boat
Nov. 16
Nov. 17
Mason borough inlet
Brig .
Nov. 19
Nov. 4
Oct. 21
Nov. 25
Shallow inlet
Bark
Masonborough inlet
Vessel on stocks....
Nov. 23
East river
"
Nov. 3
Nov. 30
Nov. 26
Dec. 5
Dec. 19
New inlet
Flat-bottomed boat.
Bell river
Sloop
York river.
Five boats
Dec. 20
M
M
Diana"
Octorara
Mahaska
Minnesota, &c.
Admiral Farragut's fleet
"
Lighter
Dec.
Boat
Dec. 20
1863.
Jan. 8
Sloop. . .
White House ....
Bark.
Bark
Scow
Sloop
Jan. 18
Jan. 19
Newport News Va
Rebel vessel, (bldg.)
Bebel vessel, (bldg.)
Rebel vessel, (bldg.)
Rebel vessel, Cbldg.)
Rebel vessel, (bldg.)
Capture of New Orleans.
Jan. 13
Jan. 20
Jan. 23
.. .
Canoe
Sloop
Dividing creek, Va
Chuckatuck creek
Currituck
Commodore Morris
Currituck
George Mangham
Four clinker-built
boats.
Jan. 20
Jan. 25
Jan. 24-
25,
Tabb's creek
Three boat'
FOR VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE.
349
Description.
When
cap-
tured.
"Where captured.
By what vessel.
1863
Jan. 21
Feb. 12
Jan. 20
Feb 9
Topsail inlet ....
Daylight
George Mangham
Commodore Morris
Dan Smith
Mt. Vernon
Coeur de Leon
Sagamore
Boat expedition
New London
Hartford
Cimmaron
Perry.
C'urrituck, &c.
Western World, &c.
Yazoo Pass expedition
Conemaugh, &c.
Yazoo Pass expedition
Naval expedition
Mississippi squadron
Brooklyn
Tahoma
Fort Henry
)i
M
tt
Shokokon
Commodore Morris
Restless
Yankee, &c.
Cceur de Leon
Currituck
Sciota
De Soto
Sciota
>
Boat expedition
Annie
Tahoma
Fort Henry
Restless
Currituck
Cayuga
M
Granite City, &a
"Vessel ..
Sloop
Two boats
Feb. 2
Mar 13
Canoe
Schooner
Mar. 2
Mar. 24
Mosquito inlet '
Schooner...... ...
Schooner
April 19
Charleston
Brig
Sloop
Wharf boat .
April 10
April 8
April 24
May 2
May 14
May 20
May 1-8
Sabine Pass
Sloop .
Rich inlet
TJrbana, Va
Six vessels, &o
Steamer " 35th Par-
allel"
May 10
May
Morrell's inlet
May 20
Yazoo City
Horses and "Wagons.
May 30
JMsnmg
Flat-boat
June 24
June 9
June 1
June 10
June 2
May 14
May 30
July
July 3
July 6
July 13
Withlacoochee river, Fia
Skiff and flat
Withlacoochee river, Fla
Flat
Sloop boat
White House
Sloop
Sloop
Charlotte harbor, Fla
Rappahannock river
Lot of Merchandise.
Dry-goods and shoes
July 17
July 20-
July'8-9
July 24
July 8
July 9
Charles county, Md
Dividing creek, Va
Coast of Texas
11 bbs. of turpentine
Coast of Texas
Schooner and launch
June 22
July 14
s^n h '
June 24
July 19
July 8
Sloop ...
Sept. 28
June 3o
Oct. -
Oct.' 7
Coast of Louisiana
Off Sabine Pass
Steamer...
Dec. 31
350
VESSELS CAPTURED AND DESTROYED
Description.
When
cap-
tured.
Where captured.
By what vessel.
Sloop boat
1863
Dec. 14
1864.
Jan. 1
Feb. 1
Feb. 13
Indian river, Fla . .......
Roebuck
Nipsic
Morse
H
II
>
San JacintO
Queen
Dragon
Estrella
Potomac flotilla
Commodore Perry
Morrell's inlet, S. C
York river .
Twelve oyster boats.
Boat
s ..
Mar. 11
Feb. 8
Feb. 23
Mar. 28
April 18
May 15
Lat. 24 N. ; long. 83" W.
Caney creek, Texas
Running from Va. to Md.
Schooner
Twenty -two boats..
Twenty-six ' small
boats.
Up the Rappahannock.. .
Seven boats (bldg.).
Three boats . . .
July 4
Aug. 9
Sept 2
Oct. 4
Mar. 11
Mar. 11
Lat. 27 41' N. ; long. 78
54' W.
Off Charleston
Magnolia
Katskill
Steamer...... .....
Sail-boat
Potomac river
Twenty-two boats..
Potomac flotilla
Pawnee's launch
Piankatank river
Mar. 16
Pawnee and others
Railroad iron
Mar. 21
**"
Bacon
April 18
Up Rappahannock
Potomac flotilla
"Wheat
July 28
June 30
iSf: 2 4
Nov. 21
Oct. 24
Nov. 6
Nov. 29
Dec. 3
Dec. 27
1865.
Jan. 27
Feb. 4
Feb. 27
Tobacco
Gatesville, N C...
"WTiitehead
Glasgow
W. GK B. squadron
Niphon
Avenger
Nita
Rosalie
Patapsco
Itasca
Emma and others
Monticello
Tno and Ariel
"Wamsutta, &c.
Jonquil and others
Mercury
N. A. B. squadron
Mobile
Four scows
Rifles 9
Mobile bay
Masonboro' inlet
Rifles &c
Off Little Malco, Fla....
Off Charleston, S. C
Decross's Point, Texas..
Off Cape Fear river
Schooner
Boat
Cargo of sloop, name
unknown.
Rebel torpedo boat.
3 rebel torpedo boats
"Wando river, S. C
Charleston, S. C
Iron, cables, anch'rs,
&C.
Wilmington, N. C
"Windmill Point, Va .. . .
Richmond, Va
April 6
April -
Machinery, &c
The number of the prizes adjudicated to this date (Jan. 27,
1867), is seven hundred and thirty. The total amount of money
FOE VIOLATION OF THE BLOCKADE. 351
involved including that for distribution to the captors, and
that which is passed to the credit of the United States is about
$25,000,000.
Payment has already been made to nearly ten thousand
different claimants, in sums varying from twenty-five cents to
thirty -eight thousand dollars. There still remain to be adjudi-
cated about six hundred prizes, the most of which will probably
be condemned and the proceeds paid to the captors.
UNION VESSELS CAPTURED OE DESTROYED
BY THE
DIFFERENT CONFEDERATE PRIVATEERS.
BY THE ALABAMA.
Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons.
Alert bark New London Sept. 9, 1862. . . 391
Altamaha, brig Sippican Sept. 13, 1862. . . 800
Amanda, bark Manilla Oct. 6, 18^3 . . . 595
Amazonian, bark New York June 2, 1863 ... 481
A. P. Schmidt, ship ... St. Thomas July 2, 1 863 . . . 784
Ariel, steamer New York Dec. 7, 18H2...1295
Avon, ship Howland's Island Mar. 29, 1864. . . 930
B'n de Castine, brig. . . Castine Oct. 29, 1862 ... 267
Benj. Tucker, ship New Bedford Sept. 14, 1 862 ... 800
B. thayer, ship Callao Mar. 1, 1863. . . 896
Brilliant, ship New York Oct. 3, 1862. . . 839
Charles Hill, ship Liverpool Nor. 25, 1 863 ... 699
Cnastelain, brig Guadaloupe Jan. 27, 1863 . . . 240
Conrad, bark Montevideo June 20, 1863 . . . 347
Contest, ship Yokohama Nov. 11, 1863. . .1098
Corsair, schr Provincstown Sept. 13, 1862 . . . 200
Crenshaw, schr New York Oct. 23, 1862. .. 278
Dorcas Prince, ship. . .New York April 26, 18K3... 699
Dunkirk, brig New York Oct. , 1863 ... 298
E. Dunbar, bark New Bedford Sept. 18, 1*62 ... 300
E. Farnham, ship Portsmouth Oct. 3, 1862. . .1119
Emma Jane, ship Bombay Jan. 14, 1864. . .1096
Express, ship Callao. July 6, 1S63. . .1072
Golden Eagle, ship Howland's Island Feb. 21, 18r>3 . . . r/78
Golden Rule, bark New York Jan. 26, 18H3. . . 250
Har't Spaulding, bark . New York. Nov. 1 8, 1863 . . . 299
Hatteras, gunboat Galveston Jan. 13, 1863 . . . 800
Henrietta, bark Baltimore , 1863 ... 439
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 353
Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons.
Highlander, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 1 863 ... 1 149
Jabez Snow, ship New York Mar. 25, 1863. . .1070
John A. Park, ship New York Mar. 2, 1863. . J050
Justina, bark Rio Janeiro May 25, 1863 ... 400
Kate Cory, brig Westport April 15, 1863 ... 1 '25
Kingfisher, schr Fairhaven Mar. 23, 1863 . . . 125
Lafayette, ship New York Oct. 23, 1862... 945
Lafayette, bark New Bedford April 15, 1863 ... 300
Lamplighter, bark New York Oct. 15, 1862 ... 279
Loretta, bark New York. Oct. 28, 1862. . . 284
Levi Starbuck, ship. . .New Bedford. Nov. 2, 1862 ... 376
Louisa Hatch, ship. . . . Cardiff , 1863 ... 835
Manchester, ship New York Oct. 11, 1862 . . . 1075
Martha Wenzell, bark . Akyab Aug. 9, 1 1>63 . . . 578
Martaban, ship Maulmain Dec. 24, 1863 ... 807
Morning Star, ship Calcutta Mar. 23, 1 863 ... 1 105
Nora, ship Liverpool Mar. 25, 1863. . . 800
Nye, bark New Bedford April 24, 1863. . . 300
Ocean Rover, bark Mattapoisett Sept. 8, 1862 ... 766
Ocmulgee. ship Edgartown Sept. 6, 1862..' 300
Olive Jane; bark Bordeaux Feb. 21, 1863 . . . 300
Oneida, ship Shaughae April 24, 1863 ... 420
Palmetto, schr New York Feb. 3, 1863... 172
Parker Cook, bark Boston Nov. 30, 1862. . . 130
Punjaub, ship Calcutta Mar. 15, 1863 . . . 760
Roekingham, ship Callao April 23, 1864. .. 976
Sea Bride, bark New York Aug. 5, 1863 ... 447
Sea Lark, ship Boston May 3, 1863... 974
S. Gildersleeve, ship. . .Sunderland May 25, 1863 : . 847
Sonora, ship Singapore Dec. 26, 1863. . . 707
Starlight, schr Fayal Sept. 7, 1862. .. 205
Talisman, ship New York June 5, 1863. ..1239
T. R. Wood, ship Calcutta Nov. 8, 1863. . . 599
Tonawanda, ship Philadelphia Oct. 9, 1 862 ... 1300
Tycoon, bark New York , 735
Union Jack, bark New York May 3, 1863 ... 300
Virginia, bark New Bedford Sept. 17, 1863 ... 300
Washington, ship Callao Feb. 27, 1863. . .1655
Wave Crest, bark New York Oct. 7, 1862 ... 409
Weather Gauge, schr . .Provincetown Sept. 4, 1862. . . 200
Winged Racer, ship. . .Manilla Nov. 10, 1863 . . . 1767
BY THE SHENANDOAH.
Abigail, bark. New Bedford May 25, 1865. . . 375
Adelaide, bark Boston Oct. 13, 1864. . . 437
Alina, bark Newport, Eng Oct. , 1864. . . 470
354 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons.
Brunswick, bark. .... .New Bedford . June , 1 8*5 . . . 226
Catharine, bark New Bedford June 26, 1865 ... 226
Charter Oak, schr Boston Oct. , 1864 . . . 140
Congress 2d, bark New Bedford June 28, 1865 ... 375
Covington, bark Warren, R. I June 28, 1865. . . 300
Delphine, bark London Jan. 13, 1865 ... 698
D. Godfrey, bark Boston Dec. , 1 864 . . . 299
Edward, bark New Bedford Dec. 4, 1864. .. 420
Edward Gary, bark . . .San Francisco April 1, 1865. . . 370
Euphrates, ship New Bedford June 21, 1865 ... 597
Favorite, bark Fairhaven June 28, 1865 ... 360
Gen. Pike, bark New Bedford June 22, 1865 ... 425
Gen. Williams, ship... .New London June 25, 1865. . . 469
Gipsy, bark .'New Bedford June 26, 1865 ... 390
Harvest, bark Honolulu April 1, 1865. . . 350
Hector, ship New Bedford. April 1, 1865 ...
Hillman, ship New Bedford June 27, 1 865 ... 600
Isabella, bark New Bedford June 27, 1865 ... 394
I. Rowland, ship New Bedford June 28, 1 865 ... 900
James Maury, bark. . .New Bedford June 28, 1865 ... 400
Jireh Swift, bark New Bedford June 23, 1 865 ... 360
Kate Prince, ship Cardiff Nov. 12, 1864. . . 997
Lizzie M. Stacy, schr.. .Boston Nov. 13, 1864. . . 140
Martha 2d, bark - New Bedford June 28, 1865 . . . 298
Milo, ship New Bedford. June 28, 1865 ... 500
Nassau, ship New Bedford June 28, 1865 . . . 450
Nile, bark New London June 22, 1865 ... 380
Nimrod, bark New Bedford June 25, 1865 ... 840
Pearl, bark New London April 1, 1865... 275
Sophia Thornton, ship. New Bedford June 23, 1865. . . 400
Susan Abigail, bark. . . San Francisco June 23, 1 865 ... 159
Susan, brig San Francisco June 4, 1865 . . .
Waverley, bark New Bedford June 28, 1865 ... 450
W. Thompson, ship. . .New Bedford June 22, 1885 ... 600
Wm. C. Nye, bark San Francisco June 26, 1865 ... 388
BY THE FLORIDA.
Aldebaran, schr New Tork Mar. 13, 1863 ... 187
Anglo Saxon, ship Liverpool Aug. 21, 1863. .. 868
Arabella, brig Aspinwall Jan. 12, 1 863 ... 291
B. F. Hoxie, ship Mazatlan June 16, 1 863 ... 1387
Clarence, brig Bahia , 1863. . . 253
Commonwealth, ship . .New York April 17, 1863. . .1245
Corris Ann, brig Philadelphia Jan. 22, 1 863 ... 235
David Lapsley, bark. . .Sombrero , . . . 289
Electric Spark, str. . . .New York July 10, 1864 . . . 1400
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. 355
Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons.
Estella, brig Manzanilla Jan. 17, 1863... 300
F. B Cutting, ship Liverpool Aug. 6, 1863 . . 796
Geo. Latimer, schr Baltimore May 18, . . . 198
Gen. Berry, bark , . . .New York July 10, . . . 469
Golconda, bark Talcahuana July 8, 1 864 ... 331
Greenland, bark Philadelphia July 9, 1864. . . 549
Har't Stephens, bark. .Portland. , . . . 500
J. Jacob Bell, ship Foochow Feb. 12, 1863 . . . 1382
Kate Stewart, schr Philadelphia June , 1863 ... 387
Lapwing, bark Boston Mar. 27, 1 863 . . . 590
Mary Alvina, brig Boston June , 1863 . . . 266
M. A. Schinler, schr.. .Port Royal June 12, 1863. . . 299
Mary Y. Davis, schr. . .Port Royal July 9, 1864. .. 270
M. J. Colcord, bark . . . New York Mar. 30, 1 863 .. 374
Moudamin, bark Rio Janeiro Sept. , 1864. . . 386
Red Gauntlet, ship Buena Vista May 26, 1863. . .1038
Rienzi, schr '.Province town July 7, 1863 ... 95
Southern Rights, ship. Rangoon Aug. 22, 1863 . . . 830
Southern Cross Boston June 6, 1863. . . 938
Star of Peace, ship Calcutta. Mar. 6, 1863 ... 941
Sunrise, ship. New York July , 1863 ... 1174
Tacony, bark Port Royal June 12, 1 863 ... 296
Varnum H. Hill, schr . Provincetown June 27, 1852 ... 90
Wm. B. Nash, brig.... New York July 8, 1863... 299
Wm. C. Clark, brig.. . .Machias, Me June 17, . . . 338
Windward, brig Matanzas Jan. 22, 1863 . . . 199
Zealand, bark New Orleans June 10, 1864. . . 380
BY THE SUMTER.
Abbie Bradford, schr. . July 25, 1861 ... 180
Albert Adams, brig. . . .Cuba July 5, 1861 ... 192
Alvarado, bark Cape Town June , 1861 . . . 299
Arcade, schr Portland .Nov. 20, 1861 ... 122
Benj. Dunning, brig. . .Cuba July 5, 1861 . . . 284
B. F. Martin, brig Philadelphia -. June 16, 1861 ... 2y3
California, bark St. Thomas , 1861 ... 299
Cuba, brig .New York July 4, 1861... 199
D. Trowbridge, schr. . . New York Oct. 27, 1 861 ... 200
Eben Dodge, bark. New Bedford.. Dec. 8, 1861 . . . 1222
Glen, bark Philadelphia July, 1861... 287
Golden Rocket, ship.. .Havana July 13, 1861 ... 608
Henry Nutt, schr Key West .*. Aug. , 1861 ... 235
Jos. Maxwell, bark Philadelphia July 27, 1861 ... 295
Joseph Parks, brig. .. .Pernambuco Dec. 25, 1861... 300
J. S. Harris, ship Cuba , 18fil ... 800
Louisa Kilham, bark . .Cieufuegos July 6, 1861 ... 468
356 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons.
Machias, brig July 4, 1862 ... 250
Naiad, brig. July 6, 1861 . . . 390
N. Chase, schr New York Sept. , 1861. . . 150
Neapolitan, bark Messina Feb. , 1 862 ... 3-22
Ocean Eagle Rockland Feb. , 1861 ... 290
Santa Clara, brig Porto Rico Feb. , 1 861 ... 1 89
Sebasticook, ship Liverpool Feb. , 1861 ... 549
Vigilant, ship New York Dec. 3, 1861 ... 650
West Wind, bark New York July 6, 1861 ... 429
W. S. Robins, bark Arroya June , 1861 . . . 460
BY THE TALLAHASSEE.
Adriatic, ship .London Aug. 12, 1863 . . . 998
A. Richards, brig Glace Bay, C. B Aug. 11, 1 8fi3 . . . 240
Arcole, ship New Orleans Nov. 3, 1863 ... 663
Atlantic, schr Addison, Me , . . . 240
Bay State, bark Alexandria, Ya Aug. 11, 1863 ... 199
Billow, brig.. Calais, Me Aug. 10, 1863... 173
Carrie Estelle, brig Machias, Me Aug. 11, 1864. . . 200
Castine, ship Callao Jan. 25, 1863. . . 962
Coral Wreath, brig Aug. 1 1, 1863 ... 260
Etta Caroline, str Aug. 10, 1868. . . 175
Flora Reed, schr Aug. 15, 1863 ... 150
Glenhaven, bark Glasgow Aug. 13, 1863. . . 795
Goodspeed, schr Boston Nov. 2, 1864. . . 280
Howard, bark Aug. 15, 1864. . . 598
Jas Litt'efleld, ship... . Cardiff Aug. 14, 1864. . . 599
J. H. Howen, schr Gloucester Aug. 14, 1864. . . 81
L. Dupont, schr Wilmington, Del Aug. 13, 1864. . . 194
Magnolia, schr.. . Aug. 15, 1864. . . 170
Mercy Howe, schr Chatham Aug. 15, 1 864 ... 143
N. America, schr Connecticut , 1864. . . 95
P. C. Alexander, bark.. New York , 1864. .. 284
Pearl, schr Aug. 16, . . . 183
Rasselas, schr Boothbay, Me Aug. 23, 1863 ... 90
Roan, brig Salisbury Aug. 20, 1864. . . 127
S. A. Boyce, schr Boston Aug. 11, 1864. . . 220
Sarah Louisa, schr , 1864. . . 61
Spokane, schr Calais, Me Aug. 12, 1864. . . 126
BY THE TACONY.
Ada, schr Gloucester. June 23, 1 863 ... 90
Arabella, brig Gloucester June 12, 1863 ... 200
Archer, schr Gloucester June 24, 1863 ... 100
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
357
Name of Vessels. "Where from. Date of Capture. Tons.
Byzantium, ship London June 16, 1863. . .1048
Elizabeth Ann, schr. . . Gloucester June 22, 1863. .. 100
Florence, schr Gloucester June 22, 1 863 ... 2< '0
Goodspeed, bark Londonderry June 23, 1863 ... 629
Isaac Webb, ship Liverpool June 20, 1863. . .1300
L. A. Macomber, schr..Noank June 20, 1863. . . 100
Ma-engo, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863... 200
Ripple, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863... 150
Rulus Choate Gloucester June 22, 1863... 100
Shattemuc, ship Liverpool June 24, 1863... 849
Umpire, brig Laguna June 15, 1863... 196
"Wanderer, schr Gloucester June 22, 1863 ... 125
BY THE CLARENCE.
A. H. Partridge, schr. . Gloucester June 7, 1863 ... 100
C. Gushing, cutter Portland Juue 24, 1863. .. 150
Whistling Wind, bark.. Philadelphia June 6, 1863... 349
BY THE SALLIE.
Betsey Ames, brig Cuba Oct. , 1 861 ... 265
Grenada, brig Neuvitas. Oct. 13, 1861 ... 255
BY THE GEORGIA.
Bold Hunter, ship Dundee Dec. 9, 1863... 797
City of Bath, ship Callao June 28, 1863... 79
Constitution, ship Philadelphia June 25, 1863. . . 97
Crown Point, ship. ...New York May 15, 1863. ..1053
Dictator, ship Liverpool April 25, 1863 ... 1293
Geo. Griswold, ship. . .Cardiff June 18, 1863. . .1280
Good Hope, bark Boston June 22, 1 863 ... 436
John Watt, ship Maulmain Oct. , 1863. .. 947
J. W. Seaver, bark ... Boston June 22, 1863... 340
Prince of Wales, ship. .Callao July 16, 1863 . . . 960
BY THE JEFF DAYIS.
D. C. Pierce, bark Remedios June , 1861. . . 806
Ella, schr Tampico , 1861... 92
Enchantress, schr Boston July 16, 1861 ... 200
Jno. Crawford, ship.. . .Philadelphia Aug. , 1861 ...
John Welsh, brig Trinidad July 16, 1861 ... 275
358 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Name of Vessels. 'Where from. Date of Capture. Tona.
Rowena, bark Laguayra June , 1861 . . . 340
S. J. Waring, schr New York July 16, 1861... 372
W. McGilvery, brig. . .Cardenas July 1861 ... 198
BY THE WINSLOW.
Herbert, schr June 18, 1861... 100
Itasca, brig Neuvitas Aug. 4, 1861... 300
Mary Alice, schr Porto Rico July , 1861. . . 181
Priscilla, schr Cura9oa July , 1861 . . . 144
Transit, schr New London July 15, 1861 . . . 195
BY THE CHICKAMAUaA.
Albion Lincoln, bark. .Portland Oct. 29, 1864. . . 237
Emma L/Hall, bark.. .Cardenas Oct. 31, 1864. . . 492
Mark L. Potter, bark. . .Bangor Oct. 30, 1864. . . 400
Shooting Star, ship New York Oct. 31, 1864. . . 957
BY THE OLUSTEE.
A. J. Bird, schr Rockland Nov. 3, 1864... 178
Empress Teresa, bark. . Rio Janeiro Nov. 1, 1864. . . 316
E. F. Lewis, schr.. Portland Nov. 3, 1864. . . 197
T. D. Wagner, brig Fort Monroe Nov. 3, 1864. . . 390
BY THE RETRIBUTION.
Emily Fisher, brig St. Jago Mar. , 1863 ... 230
Hanoyer, schr Boston , Jan. 81, 1863... 2oO
J. P. Ellicott, brig. Boston Jan. 10, 1863. . . 231
BY THE ST. NICHOLAS.
Mary Pierce, schr Boston July 1, 1862. . . 192
Margaret, schr July 29, 1862. .. 206
Mo'nticello, brig. Rio Janeiro July 1, 1862. . . 300
BY THE CALHOUN.
John Adams, schr Provincetown May , 1861. . . 100
Mermaid, schr Provincetown May , 18til . . . 200
Panama, brig Provincetown.. May 29, 1861... 153
THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. ' 359
BY THE NASHYILLE.
Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons.
Harvey Birch, ship Havre Nov. 19, 1862. . . 800
R. Gilfillan, sclir Philadelphia Feb. 26, 1862. . . 240
BY THE BOSTON.
Lenox, bark New York June 12, 1863... 370
Texana, bark New York June 12, 1863. . . 588
BY THE SAYANNAH.
Joseph, brig Cardenas June 15, 1861 ... 171
BY THE LAPWING.
Elate Dywer, ship Callao June 17, 1863. ..1278
BY THE ECHO.
M. E. Thompson, brig.. July 9, 1862. . . 210
Mary Goodell, scbr July 9, 1862... 200
BY THE YORK.
G. Y. Boker, schr Galveston Aug. 9, 1861 ... 100
BY THE CONRAD. ,
Santee, ship Akyab Aug. 5, 1863. . . 898
BY THE TUSCARORA
Living Age, ship Akyab Sept. 13, 1863. . .1193
MISCELLANEOUS.
A. B. Thompson, ship. .Savannah May 19, 1861... 800
Alleghanian, ship. ...Baltimore Oct. 21, 1862... 1142
Alliance, schr Philadelphia Sept. , 1863. .. 190
Boston, tug June 9, 1863. . . 100
360 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
Name of Vessels. Where from. Date of Capture. Tons.
Chesapeake, steamer. .New York Dec. 7, 1863... 40
Golden Bod, schr Holmes' Hole Sept. , 1863. .. 130
Hannah Balch, brig. ..Cardenas July 6,1862... 149
Harriet Lane, wucbt. . .Gal veston Jan. 11, 1863... 325
James L. Gerity Matamoros Oct. , 1863... 90
J. R. Watson, scbr. . . .New York July 13, 1861. . . 200
Lydia Francis, brig July 15, 1862. . . 262
Pearl, schr Moriches , 1862... 183
Protector, schr Cuba June , 1861 . . . 200
Sea Bird, sch Philadelphia , 1863... 200
Sea Witch, schr Baracoa , 1861 ... 95
Union, schr Baltimore Dec. 5, 1862... 115
From the Commercial and Financial Chronicle.
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 361
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS.
BECONSTBUCTION ACT OF THE THIRTY-NINTH CONGRESS, OF MARCH
2, 1867.
THE bill passed the House on February 20, 1867,
by the following vote yeas 128, nays 46. The
Senate passed the bill on the same day yeas 35,
nays 7. The bill was vetoed on March 2. Both
Houses of Congress re-passed it on the same day, the
House by a vote of yeas 138, nays 51 ; the Senate
by a vote of yeas 38, nays 10.
AN ACT to provide efficient Government for the Insurrec-
tionary States.
Wherea-s, No legal State governments or adequate
protection for life or property now exist in the Rebel
States of Yirginia, North Carolina, South Carolina,
Georgia, Alabama, Mississippi, Louisiana, Florida,
Texas, and Arkansas ; and
16
362 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK. v
Whereas, It is necessary that peace and good order
should be enforced in said States until loyal and
republican State governments can be legally estab-
lished; therefore
Be it enacted^ etc., That said Rebel States shall be
divided into military districts and made subject to
the military authority of the United States, as here-
inafter mentioned; and for that purpose Yirginia
shall constitute the First District; North Carolina
and South Carolina the Second District ; Georgia,
Alabama, and Florida the Third District ; Mississippi
and Arkansas the Fourth District, and Louisiana and
Texas the Fifth District.
SEC. 2. That it shall be the duty of the President
to assign to the command of each of said districts an
officer of the army not below the rank of brigadier-
general, and to detail a sufficient military force to
enable such officer to perform his duties and enforce
his authority within the district to which he is as-
signed.
SEC. 3. That it shall be the duty of each officer
assigned as aforesaid to protect all persons in their
rights of person and property, to suppress insurrec-
tion, disorder, and violence, and to punish or cause
to be punished all disturbers of the public peace and
criminals ; and to this end he may allow local civil
tribunals to take jurisdiction of and try offenders, or,
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 363
when in his judgment it may be necessary for the
trial of offenders, he shall have power to organize
military committees or tribunals for that purpose ;
and all interference, under color of State authority,
with the exercise of military authority under this
act, shall be null and void.
SEC. 4. That all persons put under military arrest
by virtue of this act shall be tried without unneces-
sary delay, and no cruel or unusual punishment shall
be inflicted ; and no sentence of any military commis-.
sion or tribunal hereby authorized, affecting the life
or liberty of any person, shall be executed until it is
approved by the officer in command of the district ;
and the laws and regulations for the government of
the army shall not be affected by this act, except in
so far as they may conflict with its provisions.
Provided, That no sentence of death under this
act shall be carried into execution without the ap-
proval of the President.
SEC. 5. When the people of any one of said Rebel
States shall have formed a constitution and govern-
ment in conformity with the Constitution of the
United States in all respects, framed by a convention
of delegates elected by the male citizens of said State
twenty-one years old and upward, of whatever race,
color, or previous condition, who have been resident
in said State for one year previous to the day of such
364 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
election, except such as may be disfranchised for
participation in the Rebellion or for felony at com-
mon law ; and when such constitution shall provide
that the elective franchise shall be enjoyed by all
such persons as have the qualifications herein stated
for electors of delegates ; and when such constitution
shall be ratified by a majority of the persons voting
on the question of ratification who are qualified as
electors for delegates; and when such constitution
shall have been submitted to Congress for examina-
tion and approval, and Congress shall have approved
the same; and when said State by a vote of its
Legislature, elected under said constitution, shall
have adopted the amendment to the Constitution of
the United States proposed by the Thirty-ninth Con-
gress, and known as Article 14 ; and when said arti-
cle shall have become part of the Constitution of the
United States, said State shall be declared entitled
to representation in Congress, and senators and rep-
resentatives shall be admitted therefrom on their
taking the oath prescribed by law, and then and
thereafter the preceding sections of this act shall be
inoperative in said State.
Provided^ That no person excluded from the
privilege of holding office by said proposed amend-
ment to the Constitution of the United States shall
be eligible to election as a member of the convention
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 365
to frame a constitution for any of said Rebel States,
nor shall any such person vote for members of such
convention.
SEC. 6. Until the people of the said Rebel States
shall by law be admitted to representation to the
Congress of the United States, all civil governments
that may exist therein shall be deemed provisional
only, and shall be in all respects subject to the para-
mount authority of the United States, at any time to
abolish, modify, control, and supersede the same, and
in all elections to any office under such provisional
governments all persons shall be entitled to vote
under the provisions of the fifth section of this act.
And no person shall be eligible to any office under
such provisional governments who would be dis-
qualified from holding office under the provisions of
the third article of said Constitutional amendment.
*
[This bill was passed over the President's veto on
March 2, 1867.]
SUPPLEMENTAL RECONSTRUCTION ACT OF FORTIETH CONGRESS, OF
MARCH 23, 1867.
A reconstruction bill, supplementary to the above
act of March 2, passed both Houses of Congress on
March 19. It was vetoed on March 23. On the
same day the House repassed it by a vote of yeas
114 (all Republicans), nays 25 (all Democrats), and
366 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
the Senate by a vote of yeas 40 (all Republicans ex-
cept Johnson of Md.), and nays 7 (all Democrats).
The following are the main provisions of this
act :
Before Sept. 1, 1867, the commanding-general in
each district, defined by an act entitled " An Act to
provide for the more efficient government of the Rebel
States," passed March 2, 1867, shall cause a regis-
tration to be made of the male citizens of the United
States, 21 years of age and upwards, resident in each
county or parish in the State or States included in
his district, which registration shall include only
those persons who are qualified to vote for delegates
by the act aforesaid, and who shall have taken and
subscribed the following oath or affirmation : " I,
, do solemnly swear (or affirm), in the presence
of Almighty God, that I am a citizen of the State
of ; that I have resided in said State for
months next preceding this day, and now reside in
the county of , or the parish of , in said
State (as the case may be) ; that I am twenty-one
years old; that I have not been disfranchised for
participation in any rebellion or civil war against
the United States, nor for felony committed against
the laws of any State or of the United States ; that
I have never been a member of any State Legisla-
ture, nor held any executive or judicial office in any
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 367
State, and afterward engaged in insurrection or re-
bellion against the United States, or given aid or
comfort to the enemies thereof; that I have never
taken an oath as a member of Congress of the
United States, or as an officer of the United States,
or as a member of any State Legislature, or as an
executive or judicial officer of any State, to support
the Constitution of the United States, and afterward
engaged in insurrection or rebellion against the
United States, or given aid or comfort to the en-
emies thereof; that I will faithfully support the
Constitution and obey the laws of the United States,
and will, to the best of my ability, encourage others
so to do, so help me God;" which oath or affir-
mation may be administered by any registering
officer.
SEC. 2. After the completion of the registration
hereby provided for in any State, at such time and
places therein as the commanding-general shall ap-
point and direct, of which at least thirty days' public
notice shall be given, an election shall be held of
delegates to a convention for the purpose of estab-
lishing a constitution and civil government for such
State loyal to the Union, said convention in each
State, except Virginia, to consist of the same num-
ber of members as the most numerous branch of the
State Legislature of such State in the year 1860, to
368 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
be apportioned among the several districts, counties,
or parishes of such State by the commanding-gen-
eral, giving to each representation in the ratio of
voters registered as aforesaid, as nearly as may be.
The convention in Virginia shall consist of the
same number of members as represented the terri-
tory now constituting Virginia in the most numerous
branch of the Legislature of said State in the year
1860, to be apportioned as aforesaid.
SEC. 3. At said election the registered voters of
each State shall vote for or against a convention to
form a constitution therefor under this act. The
person appointed to superintend said election, and to
make return of the votes given thereat, as herein
provided, shall count and make return of the votes
given for and against a convention ; and the com-
manding-general to whom the same shall have been
returned, shall ascertain and declare the total vote
in each State for and against a convention. If a
majority of the votes given on that question shall be
for a convention, then such convention shall be held
as hereinafter provided; but if a majority of said
votes shall be against a convention, then no such
convention shall be held under this act : Provided,
that such convention shall not be held unless a ma-
jority of all such registered voters shall have voted
on the question of holding such convention.
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 369
SEC. 4. The commanding-general of each district
shall appoint as many boards of registration as may
be necessary, consisting of three loyal officers or per-
sons, to make and complete the registration, super-
intend the election, and make return to him of the
votes, lists of voters, and of the persons elected as
delegates by a plurality of the votes cast at said
election ; and upon receiving said returns he shall
open the same, ascertain the persons elected as dele-
gates according to the returns of the officers who
conducted said election, and make proclamation
thereof; and if a majority of the votes given on
that question shall be for a convention, the com-
manding-general, within sixty days from the date
of election, shall notify the delegates to assemble in
convention, at a time and place to be mentioned in
the notification, and said convention, when organ-
ized, shall proceed to frame a constitution and civil
government according to the provisions of this act
and the act to which it is supplementary ; and when
the same shall have been so framed, said constitution
shall be submitted by the convention for ratification
to the persons registered under the provisions of this
act at an election to be conducted by the officers or
persons appointed or to be appointed by the com-
manding-general, as hereinbefore provided, and to
be held after the expiration of thirty days from the
16*
370 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
date of notice thereof, to be given by said conven-
tion ; and the returns thereof shall be made to the
commanding-general of the district.
SEC. 5. That if, according to said returns, the
constitution shall be ratified by a majority of the
votes of the registered electors qualified as herein
specified, cast at said election (at least one-half of
all the registered voters voting upon the question of
such ratification), the president of the convention
shall transmit a copy of the same, duly certified, to
the President of the United States, who shall forth-
with transmit the same to Congress, if then in ses-
sion, and if not in session, then immediately upon
its next assembling ; and if it. shall, moreover, ap-
pear to Congress, that the election was one at which
all the registered and qualified electors in the State
had an opportunity to vote freely and without re-
straint, fear, or the influence of fraud, and if the
Congress shall be satisfied that such constitution
meets the approval of a majority of all the qualified
electors in the State, and if the said constitution
shall be declared by Congress to be in conformity
with the provisions of the act to which this is sup-
plementary, and the other provisions of said act
shall have been complied with, and the said consti-
tution shall be approved by Congress, the State shall
be declared entitled to representation, and Senators
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 371
and Representatives shall be admitted therefrom as
therein provided.
SEC. 6. All elections in the States mentioned
in the said " Act to provide for the more efficient
government of the rebel States," shall, during the
operation of said act, be by ballot ; and all officers
making the said registration of voters and conduct-
ing said elections shall, before entering upon the
discharge of their duties, take and subscribe the
oath prescribed by the act approved July 2, 1862,
entitled " An Act to prescribe an oath of office : "
Provided, That if any person shall knowingly and
falsely take and subscribe any oath in this act pre-
scribed, such person so offending and being thereof
duly convicted, shall be subject to the pains, penal-
ties, and disabilities which by law are provided for
the punishment of the crime of wilful and corrupt
perjury.
SUPPLEMENTARY RECONSTRUCTION ACT OP FORTIETH CONGRESS, OP
JULY 19, 1867.
A reconstruction bill, supplementary to the two
preceding acts, passed both Houses of Congress, on
July 13. It was vetoed by the President on July
19, but on the same day repassed by both Houses
over the veto. The vote in the Senate stood yeas
30 (all Rep.), nays 6 (all Dem.); in the House
372 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
yeas 100 (all Rep.), nays 22 (all Dem.). The bill is
as follows :
SECTION 1. That it is hereby declared to have been
the true intent and meaning of the act of the 2d day
of March, 1867, entitled "An Act to provide for the
more efficient government of the rebel States," and
the act supplementary thereto, passed the 23d of
March, 1867, that the governments then existing in
the rebel States of Virginia, North Carolina, South
Carolina, Georgia, Mississippi, Alabama, Louisiana,
Florida, Texas, and Arkansas, were not legal State
governments, and that thereafter said governments,
if continued, were to be continued subject in all re-
spects to the military commanders of the respective
districts, and to the paramount authority of Con-
gress.
SEC. 2. That the commander of any district
named in said act shall have power, subject to the
disapproval of the general of the army of the United
States, and to have effect until disapproved, when-
ever, in the opinion of such commander, the proper
administration of said act shall require it, to sus-
pend or remove from office, or from the performance
of official duties, and the exercise of official powers,
any officer or person holding or exercising, or pro-
fessing to hold or exercise, any civil or military
office or duty in such district, under any power,
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 373
election, appointment, or authority derived from, or
granted by, or claimed under, any so-called State,
or the government thereof, or any municipal or
other division thereof, and upon such suspension or
removal such commander, subject to the approval
of the general as aforesaid, shall have power to pro-
vide from time to time for the performance of the
said duties of such officer or person so suspended or
removed, by the detail of some competent officer or
soldier of the army, or by the appointment of some
other person to perform the same, and to fill vacan-
cies occasioned by death, resignation, or otherwise.
SEC. 3. That the general of the army of the
United States shall be invested with all the powers
of suspension, removal, appointment, and detaching
granted in the preceding section to district com-
manders.
SEC. 4. That the acts of the officers of the army,
already done in removing in said districts persons
exercising the functions of civil officers, and ap-
pointing others in their stead, are hereby confirmed ;
provided, that any persons heretofore or hereafter
appointed by any district commander to exercise the
functions of any civil office may be removed either
by the military officer in command of the district or
by the general of the army, and it shall be the duty
of such commander to remove from office, as afore-
374 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
said, all persons who are disloyal to the Govern-
ment of the United States, or who use then* offi-
cial influence in any manner to hinder, delay, pre-
vent, or obstruct the due and proper administration
of this act and the acts to which it is supplement-
ary.
SEC. 5. That the boards of registration provided
for in the act entitled " An Act supplementary to an
act entitled * An Act to pro vide for the more efficient
government of the rebel States,' passed March 2,
1867, and to facilitate restoration," passed March
23, 1867, shall have power, and it shall be their
duty, before allowing the registration of any person,
to ascertain, upon such facts or information as they
can obtain, whether such person is entitled to be
registered under said act. and the oath required by
said act shall not be conclusive on such question;
and no person shall be registered unless such board
shall decide that he is entitled thereto; and such
board shall also have power to examine under oath,
to be administered by any member of such board,
any one touching the qualification of any person
claiming registration ; but in every case of refusal
by the board to register an applicant, and in every
case of striking his name from the list, as herein-
after provided, the board shall make a note or mem-
orandum, which shall be returned with the registra-
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 375
tion list to the commanding-general of the district,
setting forth the ground of such refusal or such
striking from the list ; provided, that no person shall
be disqualified as a member of any board of regis-
tration by reason of race or color.
SEC. 6. That the true intent and meaning of
the oath presented in said supplementary acts is
(among other things) that no person who has been a
member of the Legislature of any State, or who has
held any executive or judicial office in any State,
whether he has taken an oath to support the Consti-
tution of the United States or not, and whether he
was holding such office at the commencement of the
rebellion or had held it before, and who has after-
wards engaged in insurrection or rebellion against
the United States or given aid or comfort to the
enemies thereof, is entitled to be registered or to
vote ; and the words " executive or judicial " office
in any State, in said oath mentioned, shall be con-
strued to include all civil offices created by law for
the administration of any general law of a State or
for the administration of justice.
SEC. 7. That the time for completing the origi-
nal registration provided for in any act may, in the
discretion of the commander of any district, be ex-
tended to the 1st day of October, 1867; and the
board of registration shall have power, and it shall
376 THE NATIONAL HAND-B >OK.
be their duty, commencing fourteen days prior to
any election under said act, and upon reasonable
public notice of the time and place thereof, to revise
for a period of five days the registration lists, and
upon being satisfied that any person not entitled
thereto has been registered, to- strike the name of
such person from the list, and such person shall not
be allowed to vote. And such board shall also, dur-
ing the same period, add to each registry the names
of all persons who at that time possess the qualifica-
tions required by said act, who have not been al-
ready registered, and no person shall at any time
be entitled to be registered or to vote by reason
of any executive pardon or amnesty, for any
act or thing which, without such pardon or am-
nesty, would disqualify him from registration or
voting.
SEC. 8. That all members of said boards of reg-
istration, and all 'persons hereafter elected or ap-
pointed to office in said military districts under any
so-called State or municipal authority, or by detail
or appointment of the district commander, shall be
required to take and subscribe to the oath of office
prescribed by law for the officers of the United
States.
SEC. 9. That no district commander or mem-
ber of the board of registration, or any officer or
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 377
appointee acting under them, shall be bound in his
action by any opinion of any civil officer of the
United States.
SEC. 10. That section four of said last-named
act shall be construed to authorize the commanding-
general named therein, whenever he shall deem it
needful, to remove any member of a board of regis-
tration, and to appoint another in his stead, and to
fill any vacancy in such board.
SEC. 11. That all the provisions of this act, and
of the acts to which this is supplementary, shall be
construed liberally, to the end that all the intents
thereof may be fully and perfectly carried out.
HECONSTBTJOTION ACT OP 1868. FOBTTETH CONGRESS SECOND
The following is the Reconstruction bill as it passed
the House, Jan. 21st, 1868 yeas 123, nays 45 :
Be it enacted, c#<?., That in Virginia, North Car-
olina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, Missis-
sippi, Lousiana, Texas, Florida, and Arkansas, there
are no civil State governments republican in form,
and that the so-called civil governments in said
States respectively shall not be recognized as valid
or legal State governments either by the executive
or the judicial power or authority of the United
States.
378 THE NATIONAL HAJND-BOOK.
SEC. 2. And be it further enacted, That for the
speedy enforcement of the act entitled " An Act to
provide for the more efficient government of the
rebel States," passed March 2, 1867, and the several
acts supplementary thereto, the General of the Army
of the United States is hereby authorized and re-
quired to enjoin by special orders upon all officers
in command within the several military depart-
ments within said several States, the performance of
all acts authorized by said several laws above re-
cited ; is authorized to remove at his discretion, by
his order, from command any or all of said com-
manders and detail other officers of the United States
Army, not below the rank of colonel, to perform all
the duties and exercise all the powers authorized by
said several acts, to the end that the people of said
several States may speedily reorganize civil govern-
ments, republican in form, in said several States,
and be restored to political power in the Union.
SEC. 3. And ~be it further enacted, That the Gen-
eral of the Army may remove any or all civil officers
now acting under the several provisional govern-
ments within the said several disorganized States,
and appoint others to discharge the duties pertain-
ing to their respective offices, and may do any and
all acts which by said several laws above mentioned
are authorized to be done by the several commanders
RECONSTRUCTION MEASURES OF CONGRESS. 379
of the military departments within said States ; and
so much of said acts or of any act as authorizes the
President to detail the military commanders to said
military departments, or to remove any officers who
may be detailed as herein provided, is hereby re-
pealed.
SEC. 4. And he it further enacted, That it shall
be unlawful for the President of the United States to
order any part of the army or navy of the United
States to assist, by force of arms, the authority of
either of said provisional governments in said disor-
ganized States, to oppose or to obstruct the authority
of the United States, as provided in this act and the
acts to which this is supplementary.
SEC. 5. And he it further enacted, That any inter-
ference by any person, with intent to prevent by force
the execution of the orders of the General of the
Army made in pursuance of this act and of the acts
aforesaid, or any refusal or wilful neglect of any per-
son to issue any order or do any act required by this
act or other of the acts to which this act is additional
and supplementary, with intent to defeat or delay
the due execution of this act or of either of the acts
to which this is supplementary, shall be held to be a
high misdemeanor, and the party guilty thereof shall,
upon conviction, be fined not exceeding five thousand
dollars and imprisoned not exceeding two years.
380 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
SEC. 6. And ~be it further enacted^ That so much
of all acts and parts of acts as conflicts or is incon-
sistent with the provisions of this act is hereby re-
pealed.
Mr. WOOD (Dem.), of N. Y., desired to move an
amendment to the title of the bill, but was cut off by
the previous question. The title which it was pro-
posed to give the bill was : " A bill to absorb the
entire authority of the government into the hands of
Congress, by which the powers of the Executive as
Commander-in-Chief of the Army and Navy shall be
abolished; the power of the Supreme Court to pass
upon the validity of the acts of Congress prohibited ;
Congressional usurpation over ten States established
by force, and a new form of government created in
place of that which formerly existed under the Con-
stitution of the United States, hereby declared to be
annulled and made void." rfrom the N. Y. Herald,
Jan. 22, 1868.
TENURE OF OFFICE BILL. 381
TENUKE OF OFFICE BILL.
AN ACT regulating the tenure of certain civil offices.
Be it enacted^ c&?., That every person holding any
civil office to which he has been appointed by and
with the advice and consent of the Senate, and every
person who shall hereafter be appointed to any such
office, and shall become duly qualified to act therein,
is, and shall be, entitled to hold such office until a
successor shall have been in like manner appointed
and duly qualified, except as herein otherwise pro-
vided : Provided^ That the Secretaries of State, of
the Treasury, of War, of the Navy, and of the
Interior, the Postmaster-General, and the Attorney-
General, shall hold their offices respectively for and
during the term of the President by whom they may
have been appointed and for one month thereafter,
subject to removal by and with the advice and con-
sent of the Senate.
382 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
SEC. 2. That when any officer appointed as afore-
said, excepting judges of the United States courts,
shall, during the recess of the Senate, be shown, by
evidence satisfactory to the President, to be guilty
of misconduct in office, or crime, or for any reason
shall become incapable or legally disqualified to per-
form its duties, in such case, and in no other, the
President may suspend such officer and designate
some suitable person to perform temporarily the
duties of such office until the next meeting of the
Senate, and until the case shall be acted upon by the
Senate ; and such person so designated shall take
the oaths and give the bonds required by law to be
taken and given by the person duly appointed to
fill such office ; and in such case it shall be the duty
of the President, within twenty days after the first
day of such next meeting of the Senate, to report to
the Senate such suspension, with the evidence and
reasons for his action in the case and the name of the
person so designated to perform the duties of such
office. And if the Senate shall concur in such sus-
pension and advise and consent to the removal of
such officer, they shall so certify to the President,
who may thereupon remove such officer, and, by
and with the advice and consent of the Senate, ap-
point another person to such office. But if the
Senate shall refuse to concur in such suspension, such
TENURE OF OFFICE BILL. 383
officer so suspended shall forthwith resume the func-
tions of his office, and the powers of the person so
performing its duties in his stead shall cease, and
the official salary and emoluments of such officer
shall, during such suspension, belong to the person
so performing the duties thereof, and not to the
officer so suspended : Provided, however. That the
President, in case he shall become satisfied that such
suspension was made on insufficient grounds, shall
be authorized, at any time before reporting such sus-
pension to the Senate as above provided, to revoke
such suspension and reinstate such officer in the per-
formance of the duties of his office.
SEC. 3. That the President shall have power to
fill all vacancies which may happen during the recess
of the Senate, by reason of death or resignation, by
granting commissions which shall expire at the end
of their next session thereafter. And if no appoint-
ment, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate, shall be made to such office so vacant or
temporarily filled as aforesaid, during such next ses-
sion of the Senate, such office shall remain in abey-
ance, without any salary, fees or emoluments attached
thereto, until the same shall be filled by appointment
thereto, by and with the advice and consent of the
Senate ; and during such time all the powers and
duties belonging to such office shall be exercised by
384: THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
such other officer as may by law exercise such pow-
ers and duties in case of a vacancy in such office.
SEC. 4. That nothing in this act contained shall
be construed to extend the term of any office the
duration of which is limited by law.
SEC. 5. That if any person shall, contrary to the
provisions of this act, accept any appointment to or
employment in any office, or shall hold or exercise,
or attempt to hold or exercise, any such office or em-
ployment, he shall be deemed, and is hereby declared
to be, guilty of a high misdemeanor, and, upon trial
and conviction thereof, he shall be punished therefor
by a fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars, or by
imprisonment not exceeding five years, or both said
punishments, in the discretion of the court.
SEC. 6. That every removal, appointment, or em-
ployment, made, had, or exercised, contrary to the
provisions of this act, and the making, signing, seal-
ing, countersigning, or issuing of any commission or
letter of authority for or in respect to any such ap-
pointment or employment, shall be deemed, and are
hereby declared to be high misdemeanors, and, upon
trial and conviction thereof, every person guilty
thereof shall be punished by a fine not exceeding ten
thousand dollars, or by imprisonment not exceeding
five years, or both said punishments, in the discretion
of the court : Provided, That the President shall
TENTTKE OF OFFICE BILL. 385
have power to make out and deliver, after the ad-
journment of the Senate, commissions for all officers
whose appointment shall have been advised and con-
sented to by the Senate.
SEC. 7. That it shall be the duty of the Secretary
of the Senate, at the close of each session thereof,
to deliver to the Secretary of the Treasury, and to
each of his Assistants, and to each of the Auditors,
and to each of the Comptrollers in the Treasury, and
to the Treasurer, and to the Register of the Treas-
ury, a full and complete list, duly certified, of all
persons who shall have been nominated to and
rejected by the Senate during such session, and a
like list of all the offices to which nominations shall
have been made and not confirmed and filled at
such session.
SEC. 8. That whenever the President shall, with-
out the consent of the Senate, designate, authorize,
or employ any person to perform the duties of any
office, he shall forthwith notify the Secretary of the
Treasury thereof; and it shall be the duty of the
Secretary of the Treasury thereupon to communi-
cate such notice to all the proper accounting and
disbursing officers of his department.
SEC. 9. That no money shall be paid or received
from the Treasury, or paid or received from or retain-
ed out of any public moneys or funds of the United
17
386 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
States, whether in the Treasury or not, to or by or
for the benefit of any person appointed to or author-
ized to act in, or holding or exercising the duties or
functions of, any office contrary to the provisions of
this act; nor shall any claim, account, voucher,
order, certificate, warrant, or other instrument pro-
viding for or relating to such payment, receipt or
retention, be presented, passed, allowed, approved,
certified, or paid by any officer of the United States,
or by any person exercising the functions or per-
forming the duties of any office or place of trust
under the United States, for or in respect of such
office, or the exercising or performing the functions
or duties thereof; and every person who shall violate
any of the provisions of this section shall be deemed
guilty of a high misdemeanor, and, upon trial and
conviction thereof, shall be punished therefor by a
fine not exceeding ten thousand dollars, or by im-
prisonment not exceeding ten years, or both said
punishments, in the discretion of the court.
Passed March 2, 186T.
THE PRESIDENT'S VETO.
To the Senate of the United States :
I HAVE carefully examined the bill " to regulate
the tenure of certain civil offices." The material
portion of the bill is contained in the first section,
387
and is of the effect following, namely : * * * *
These provisions are qualified by a reservation in
the fourth section, "that nothing contained in the
bill shall be construed to extend the term of any
office, the duration of which is limited by law." In
effect the bill provides that the President shall not
remove from their places any of the civil officers
whose terms of service are not limited by law, with-
out the advice and consent of the Senate of the
United States. The bill in this respect conflicts,
in my judgment, with the Constitution of the
United States. The question, as Congress is well
aware, is by no means a new one. That the power
of removal is constitutionally vested in the President
of the United States is a principle which has been
not more distinctly declared by judicial authority
and judicial commentators than it has been uni-
formly practiced upon by the legislative and execu-
tive departments of the Government. The question
arose in the House of Representatives so early as
the 16th of June, 1Y89, on the bill for establishing
an executive department denominated ".The De-
partment of Foreign Affairs." The first clause of
the bill, after recapitulating the functions of that
officer and defining his duties, had these words : " to
be removable from office by the President of the
United States." It was moved to strike out these
388 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
words, and the motion was sustained with great
ability and vigor. It was insisted that the Presi-
dent could not constitutionally exercise the power
of removal exclusively of the Senate ; that the
Federalist so interpreted the Constitution when
arguing for its adoption by the several States ; that
the Constitution had nowhere given tjie President
power of removal, either expressly or by strong im-
plication, but, on the contrary, had distinctly pro-
vided for removals from office by impeachment only.
A construction which denied the power of removal
by the President was further maintained by argu-
ments drawn from the danger of the abuse of the
power ; from the supposed tendency of an exposure
of public officers to capricious removal to impair
the efficiency of the civil service ; from the alleged
injustice and hardship of displacing incumbents
dependent upon their official stations without suffi-
cient consideration ; from a supposed want of respon-
sibility on the part of the President, and from an
imagined defect of guarantees against a vicious Pres-
ident who might incline to abuse the power. On
the other hand, an exclusive power of removal by
the President was defended as a true exposition of
the text of the Constitution. It was maintained that
there are certain causes for which persons ought to
be removed from office without being guilty of trea-
389
son, bribery, or malfeasance, and that the nature of
things demands that it should be so. " Suppose,"
it was said, " a man becomes insane by the visita-
tion of God, and is likely to ruin our affairs, are the
hands of the Government to be confined from ward-
ing off the evil? Suppose a person in office, not
possessing the talents he was judged to have at the
time of the appointment, is the error not to be cor-
rected? Suppose he acquires vicious habits and
incurable indolence, or total neglect of the duties of
his office, which shall work mischief to the public
welfare, is there no way to arrest the threatened
danger? Suppose he becomes odious and unpopular
by reason of the measures he pursues and this he
may do without committing any positive offence
against the law must he preserve his office in
despite of the popular will ? Suppose him grasping
for his own aggrandizement and the elevation of his
connections by every means short of the treason
defined by the Constitution, hurrying your affairs
to the precipice of destruction, endangering your
domestic tranquillity, plundering you of the means
of defence, alienating the affections of your allies,
and promoting the spirit of discord, must the tardy,
tedious, desultory road by way of impeachment be
travelled to overtake the man who, barely confining
himself within the letter of the law, is employed in
390 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
drawing off the vital principle of the Government ?
The nature of things, the great object of society,
the express objects of the Constitution itself, require
that this thing should be otherwise. To unite the
Senate with the President in the exercise of the
power," it was said, " would involve us in the most
serious difficulty. Suppose a discovery of any of
those events should take place when the Senate is
not in session, how is the remedy to be applied ?
The evil could be avoided in no other way than by
the Senate sitting always." In regard to the danger
of the power being abused if exercised by one man,
it was said, " that the danger is as great with respect
to the Senate, who are assembled from various parts
of the continent with different impressions and
opinions ; " " that such a body is more likely to mis-
use the power of removal than the man whom the
united voice of America calls to the Presidential
chair. As the nature of government requires the
power of removal," it was maintained " that it
should be exercised in this way by the hand capable
of exerting itself with effect ; and the power must
be conferred on the President by the Constitution
as the executive officer of the Government." Mr.
Madison, whose adverse opinion in the Federal-
ist has been relied upon by those who denied the
exclusive power, now participated in the debate.
391
He declared that he had reviewed his former opin-
ions, and he summed up the whole case as fol-
lows : " The Constitution affirms that the executive
power is vested in the President. Are there ex-
ceptions to this proposition? Yes, there are. The
Constitution says that in appointing to office,
the Senate shall be associated with the President,
unless in the case of inferior officers, when the law
shall otherwise direct. Have we (that is, Congress)
a right to extend this exception ? I believe not. If
the Constitution has invested all executive power in
the President, I venture to assert that the Legis-
lature has no right to diminish or modify his execu-
tive authority. The question now resolves itself
into this : Is the power of displacing an executive
power ? I conceive that if any power whatsoever
is in the Executive, it is the power of appointing,
overseeing, and controlling those who execute the
laws. If the Constitution had not qualified the
power of the President in appointing to office by
associating the Senate with him in that business,
would it not be clear that he would have the right,
by virtue of his executive power, to make such ap-
pointment? Should we be authorized, in defiance
of that clause in the Constitution i The executive
power shall be vested in the President ' to unite
the Senate with the President in the appointment
392 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
to office ? T conceive not. If it is admitted that
we should not be authorized to do this, I think it
may be disputed whether we have a right to asso-
ciate them in removing persons from office, the one
power being as much of an executive nature as the
other ; and the first one is authorized by being ex-
cepted out of the general rule established by the
Constitution in these words : ' The executive power
shall be vested in the President.' >: The question,
thus ably and exhaustively argued, was decided by
the House of Representatives, by a vote of thirty-
four to twenty, in favor of the principle that the
executive power of removal is vested by the Consti-
tution in the Executive, and in the Senate by the
casting vote of the Yice-President. The question
has often been raised in subsequent times of high
excitement, and the practice of the government has
nevertheless conformed in all cases to the decision
thus' early made. The question was revived during
the administration of President Jackson, who made,
as is well recollected, a very large number of re-
movals, which were made an occasion of close and
rigorous scrutiny and remonstrance. The subject
was long and earnestly debated in the Senate, and
the early construction of the Constitution was
nevertheless freely accepted as binding and conclu-
sive upon Congress.
393
Chancellor Kent's remarks on the subject are as
follows : " On the first organization of the Govern-
ment it was made a question whether the power of
removal in case of officers appointed to hold at
pleasure resided nowhere but in the body which ap-
pointed, and, of course, whether the consent of the
Senate was not requisite to remove. This was the
construction given to the Constitution while it was
pending for ratification before the State conven-
tions, by the author of the Federalist. But the con-
struction which was given to the Constitution by
Congress, after great consideration and discussion,
was different. The words of the act (establishing
the Treasury Department) are : ' And whenever the
same shall be removed from office by the President
of the United States, or in any other case of va-
cancy in the office, the assistant shall act.' This
amounted to a legislative construction of the Con-
stitution, and it has ever since been acquiesced in
and acted upon as a decisive authority in the case.
It applies equally to every other officer of the
Government appointed by the President, whose
term of duration is not specially declared. It is
supported by the weighty reason that the subordi-
nate officers in the executive department ought to
hold at the pleasure of the head of the department,
because he is invested generally with the executive
17*
394: THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
authority, and the participation in that au-
thority by the Senate was an exception to a
general principle, and ought to be taken strictly.
The President is the great responsible officer for the
faithful execution of the law, and the power of re-
moval was incidental to that duty, and might often
be requisite to fulfil it." Thus has the important
question presented by this bill been settled, in the
language of the late Daniel Webster (who, while
dissenting from it, admitted that it was settled),
by construction, settled by precedent, settled by
the practice of the Government, and settled by
statute. The events of the last war furnished a
practical confirmation of the wisdom of the Consti-
tution as it has hitherto been maintained, in many
of its parts, including that which is now the subject
of consideration. When the war broke out rebel
enemies, traitors, abettors, and sympathizers were
found in every department of the Government, as
well in the civil service as in the land and naval
military service. They were found in Congress and
among the keepers of the Capitol; in foreign
missions ; in each and all of the executive depart-
ments ; in the judicial service ; in the Post-office,
and among the agents for conducting Indian affairs.
Upon probable suspicion, they were promptly dis-
placed by my predecessor, so far as they held their
395
offices under executive authority, and their duties
were confided to new and loyal successors. No
complaints against that power or doubts of its wis-
dom were entertained in any quarter. I sincerely
trust and believe that no such civil war is likely to
occur again. I cannot doubt, however, that in
whatever form, and on whatever occasion, sedition
can raise an effort to hinder, or embarrass, or defeat,
the legitimate action of this Government, whether
by preventing the collection of revenue, or disturb-
ing the public peace, or separating the States, or
betraying the country to a foreign enemy, the power
of removal from office by the Executive, as it has
heretofore existed and been practised, will be found
indispensable. Under these circumstances, as a
depositary of the executive authority of the nation,
I do not feel at liberty to unite with Congress in
reversing it by giving my approval to the bill. At
the early day when this question was settled, and,
indeed, at the several periods when it has subse-
quently been agitated, the success of the Constitu-
tion of the United States, as a new and peculiar
system of the free representative government, was
held doubtful in other countries, and was even a
subject of patriotic apprehension among the Ameri-
can people themselves. A trial of nearly eighty
years, through the vicissitudes of foreign conflicts
396 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
and of civil war, is confidently regarded as having
extinguished all such doubts and apprehensions for
the future. During that eighty years the people of
the United States have enjoyed a measure of se-
curity, peace, prosperity, and happiness, never sur-
passed by any nation. It cannot be doubted that
the triumphant success of the Constitution is due to
the wonderful wisdom with which the functions of
government were distributed between the three
principal departments the legislative, the execu-
tive, and the judicial and to the fidelity with
which each has confined itself, or been confined by
the general voice of the nation, within its peculiar
and proper sphere. "While a just, proper, and
watchful jealousy of executive power constantly
prevails, as it ought ever to prevail, yet it is equally
true that an efficient Executive, capable, in the
language of the oath prescribed to the President,
of executing the laws, and, within the sphere of ex-
ecutive action, of preserving, protecting, and de-
fending the Constitution of the United States, is an
indispensable security for tranquillity at home, and
peace, honor, and safety abroad. Governments
have been erected in many countries upon our
model. If one or many of them have thus far
failed in fully securing to their people the benefits
which we have derived from our system, it may be
THE PRESIDENT'S VETO. 397
confidently asserted that their misfortune has re-
sulted from their unfortunate failure to maintain the
integrity of each of the three great departments
while preserving harmony among them all. Hav-
ing at an early period accepted the Constitution in
regard to the executive office in the sense in which
it was interpreted with the concurrence of its found
ers, I have found no sufficient grounds in the argu-
ments now opposed to that construction, or in any
assumed necessity of the times, for changing those
opinions. For these reasons I return the bill to the
Senate, in which House it originated, for the fur-
ther consideration of Congress which the Constitu-
tion prescribes. Insomuch as the several parts of
the bill which I have not considered are matters
chiefly of detail, and are based altogether upon
the theory of the Constitution from which I am
obliged to dissent, I have not thought it necessary
to examine them with a view to make them an oc-
casion of distinct and special objections. When-
ever administration fails, or seems to fail, in secur-
ing any of the great ends for which republican
government is established, the proper course seems
to be to renew the original spirit and forms of the
Constitution itself.
WASHINGTON, March 2, 186T.
398 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
THE BANKKUPTCY ACT.
THE MAIN PROVISIONS OP WHICH ARE AS FOLLOWS!
AN ACT to establish a uniform System of Bankruptcy through-
out the United States.
THE district courts of the United States are consti-
tuted courts of bankruptcy under this act, in all mat-
ters under, or growing out of which, they have
original jurisdiction. They are always open for
business under this act, and the powers of the judge
in vacation, and when sitting in chambers, are the
same as when sitting in court and in term time.
They may be held in any part of the district. The
circuit courts have also a general supervision of all
cases under this act, and may be appealed to from
the district courts, with which they have also concur-
rent jurisdiction in all cases wherein the assignee in
bankruptcy is a party ; but no claim can be main-
tained by or against an assignee touching the bank-
THE BANKRUPTCY ACT. 399
rupt's property after the lapse of two years. One or
more registers shall be appointed in each Congres-
sional district, whose duty it is to act in the place of
the judge in all merely administrative and uncon-
tested cases. Bankruptcy may be either voluntary
or involuntary. The debtor may assume voluntary
bankruptcy if his debts exceed three hundred dol-
lars, by filing a petition, setting forth his debts, an
inventory of all his possessions, and a declaration of
willingness to give them up to his creditors. A
warrant then issues from the court appointing a
time and place for a meeting of the creditors. At
this meeting an assignee or assignees are chosen, sub-
ject to the approval of the court, to whom is deliv-
ered all the property of the bankrupt, except that
specifically exempted. The assignee possesses all
the powers for recovering debts due the de'btor,
which the latter would otherwise have possessed.
The court may examine the bankrupt, or the wife of
the bankrupt, on oath, or any person who may be
able to give evidence on any matter pertaining to
the bankrupt's affairs, and may compel their attend-
ance. All claims against the bankrupt must be duly
verified in writing and on oath. Those which are
approved are registered by the assignee, and all
creditors, whose claims are allowed, are entitled to
share in the bankrupt's estate, pro raid, no priority
400 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
of claim being allowed except for the wages of cer-
tain servants. At the expiration of each three
months after the adjudication of bankruptcy, the ap-
proved creditors may receive dividends on their
claims ; and after all claims have been decided upon,
and the assignee's accounts have been approved by
the court, all expenses of the proceedings are paid
from the portion of the estate remaining in the
hands of the assignee, and the residue divided
finally among the creditors. After six months from
the adjudication of bankruptcy, the bankrupt may
receive a discharge from all previous debts honestly
contracted by and due from him, provided there has
been no fraud on his part in the proceedings. Any
conveyance or transfer of property made by the
debtor to a preferred creditor, in view of insolvency,
within four months before the filing of a petition in
bankruptcy, is void ; and the creditor who, knowing
the facts, receives such conveyance, forfeits all share
in the bankrupt's estate, and also double the value
of the money or property so obtained, which is re-
coverable by the assignee for the benefit of the es-
tate. A partnership or firm may be made bankrupt
by the filing of a petition by any member, when not
only the joint property, but the separate estates of
each member of the firm is taken by the assignee.
Separate accounts are kept by the assignee, who
THE BANKRUPTCY ACT. 401
pays the private debts of each member from his
own estate, and the balance is added to the joint
stock for the benefit of the creditors of the firm, if
the property of the firm shall not have been suffi-
cient to liquidate the claims against it. A certifi-
cate of discharge is given or refused to each partner
according to the merits of his individual case.
Where partners reside in different districts, jurisdic-
tion is in that district where the petition is first
filed. Involuntary bankruptcy may be forced upon
any debtor who has committed certain acts of ac-
tual or constructive fraud, by which he is deemed to
have committed an act of bankruptcy, on the peti-
tion of any one of his creditors whose debt amounts
to $250. If the debtor so demand, the question of
fact as to the alleged act of bankruptcy may be
tried by a jury ; and if the allegations in the ques-
tion be maintained, or if the debtor allow the mat-
ter to go by default, a warrant of bankruptcy issues,
and the estate of the bankrupt is settled in a manner
similar to that in a case of voluntary bankruptcy.
Fines and imprisonment are decreed against either
bankrupts or officers who are guilty of fraud or of-
fences under this act. [March 2, 1867.]
TABLE OF STATES AND TEKKITOEIES.
403
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Utah
New Mexico
Washington
Colorado
4:06 THE NATIONAL HAND-BOOK.
POPULAB AND ELEOTOKAL
STATES.
I860.
Rep.
Lincoln.
Dem.
Douglas.
Dem.
Breckenridge.
Union,
Bell.
Alabama
13,651
5,227
38,516
15,522
1,023
367
11,590
160,215
115,509
55,111
25,651
7,625
26,693
5,966
34,372
65,057
11,920
3,283
58,801
25,881
62,801
312,510
2,701
187/232
3,951
16,765
7,707
chosen by
11,350
6,849
16,290
65,021
48,831
28,732
34,334
14,641
7.337
8,543
51,889
2,404
12,295
1,048
53,143
22,681
6,368
42,482
5,939
805
748
40,797
31,317
2,il2
48,539
11,405
5,006
178,871
the Legis-
64,709
47,548
218
74,323
*888
27,875
20,094
6,817
3,291
3,864
5,437
42,886
4,913
5,306
1,763
66,058
20,204
2,046
41,760
22,331
405
62
25,040
58,372
441
44,990
12,194
183
12,776
69,274
15,438
1,969
74,681
161
Arkansas . .
39,173
43,792
3,815
California
Florida . .
Ulinois
172,161
139,033
70,409
1,364
62',811
2,294
106,533
88,480
22,069
Iowa
Kentucky
Maine
Maryland . .
Massachusetts
Michigan . . . .
Mississippi . .
17,028
Nebraskai ... ...
Nevada
37,519
58,324
362,646
231,610
5,270
268,030
12,244
Electors
33,808
1,929
86,1 10
New Hampshire
New Jersey . . . .
New York
North Carolina ....
Ohio
Oregon
Pennsylvania
Rhode Island
South Carolina
Tennessee
Texas ...
West Virginia. . .
Wisconsin
Total
1,866,452
1,375,157
847,953
590,631
Tn 1864, wh. vote, 4,000,850; Linc.'s maj., 406,812. In 1860, wh.vote, 4,680,193 ; Line. ov.
POPULAR AND ELECTORAL VOTES.
VOTES FOE PEESIDENT,
407
ELECTORAL VOTES.
1864.
ELECTORAL VOTES.
Line.
Doug.
Breck.
Bell.
Rep.
Lincoln.
Dem.
McClellan.
Lincoln.
McCleirn
9
4
...r
58,698
44,691
8,155
189*496
150,238
89,075
16,441
26,592
61,803
40,153
126,742
85,352
25,060
71,676
9,826
36,400
60,723
368,735
264,975
9,888
296,391
13,692
42,419
23,152
83,458
4
6
42,255
42,285
8,767
5
6
3
3
3
10
....
"ii
13
4
....
158,730
130,233
49,596
3,691
61,478
16
13
8
3
"ii
....
. . #?.
**6
12
8
"13
6
4
44,211
32,739
48,745
67,370
17,375
7
7
12
8
4
....
8
7
....
9
....
31,626
11
6,594
32,871
68,024
361,986
3
5
"33
"7
5
7
35
10
....
23
3
27
4
205,557
8,457
276,316
8,470
21
3
26
4
....
8
lature.
12
5
....
4
13,321
5
....
15
10,438
65,884
5
8
....
5
179
16
72
39
2,203,831
1,797,019
213
21
Doug., 491,275; ov. Breck., 1,018,500; ov. Bell, 1,275,821 ; all others ov. Line., 947,289.
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