E 
 59 
 
 P2 C3 
 hnthro. 
 
 UC-NRLF 
 
r/9 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 DESCRIPTIVE AND INSTRUCTIVE 
 
 OF 
 
 CATLIN S 
 
 INDIAN CARTOONS. 
 
 PORTRAITS, TYPES, AND CUSTOMS. 
 
 600 PAINTINGS IN OIL, 
 
 WITH 
 
 20,000 FULL LENGTH FIGURES 
 
 ILLUSTRATING THEIR VARIOUS GAMES, RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES, AND 
 OTHER CUSTOMS, 
 
 27 CANVAS PAINTINGS 
 
 LASALLE S DISCOVERIES. 
 
f 
 
NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICAN INDIANS. 
 
 CATALOGUE 
 
 DESCEIPTIVE AND INSTRUCTIVE 
 
 CATLIN S 
 
 CARTOONS. 
 
 PORTRAITS, TYPES, AND CUSTOMS. 
 
 600 PAINTINGS IN OIL, 
 
 WITH 
 
 20,000 FULL LENGTH FIGURES 
 
 ILLUSTRATING THEIR VARIOUS GAMES, RELIGIOUS CEREMONIES, AND 
 OTHER CUSTOMS, 
 
 AND 
 
 27 CANVAS PAINTINGS 
 
 OF 
 
 LASALLE S DISCOVERIES. 
 
 NEW YORK: 
 
 BAKER & GODWIN, PRINTERS, 
 
 PRINTING-HOUSE SQUARE, 
 
 1871. 
 
ANTHROPOLOGY 
 
ANTHROP 
 LIBRARY 
 
 REMARKS. 
 
 The 600 paintings in oil enumerated in this Catalogue, containing 470 
 full-length portraits of Indians of the two Americas, and more than 20,000 
 full-length figures illustrating their various games, dances, religious cere 
 monies, hunting scenes, &c., were made from nature, in the Indians coun 
 tries, during the fourteen years which the author spent in the midst of the 
 vast solitudes of those remote regions, contending with fatigues and expenses 
 which the conviction of the approaching extinction of those races alone induced 
 him to encounter. 
 
 It has been with that conviction, and without any assistance, Governmental 
 or individual (but, on the contrary, discountenanced ~by loth), that he was the 
 first to commence a pictorial history of these people, and has devoted the 
 best part of a long life in endeavoring to save from oblivion the types and cus 
 toms of a numerous, and purely American race, decimated and driven from 
 their countries l>y civilization, and who will soon be known only in history. 
 
 By the dates given throughout this catalogue, it will be seen that I was 
 lucl:y enough to visit these people whilst they were in their primitive condi 
 tion in their primitive costumes, and practicing their primitive modes that 
 my portraits were made, forty, thirty, and twenty years ago, when the In 
 dians were on their own ground, and before they were put in ruffled shirts 
 and frock coats with velvet collars ; which facts should give to the paintings 
 a peculiar interest and value. 
 
 It is to be hoped that in this encyclopedia of illustrations, representing 
 each tribe and remnant of tribes still existing in North America, as well as 
 thirty distinct tribes in South America, the visitors will find enough of his 
 torical interest excited by a faithful resemblance to the physiognomy and 
 customs of these people, to compensate for what may be deficient in them as 
 works of art. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 NOTE. A synopsis of the author s wanderings is given in Appendix B. 
 
 058 
 
NOTE. 
 
 INDIAN NAMES. 
 
 Nothing is more embarrassing for the traveler through the Indian 
 Countries, both of North and South America, than the difficulty of 
 obtaining the real names of Indians, owing chiefly to the singular 
 fact that no Indian in either country will tell his name, but leaves 
 it for occasion or other Indians, to reveal. 
 
 The Indians have generally their family names in the idiom of 
 their tribe, and having no Christian names, they often attach to them 
 significations which are wrongly supposed to be their interpretations. 
 A great proportion of Indian names (like Jones, Bailey, Roberts, 
 <c. } in English) admit of no translation. In these cases, the inter 
 preters give their family names, joining to them the qualifications 
 for which the individuals are celebrated as Oon-disch-ta (the Salmon 
 Spearer), Oon-disch-ta (the Tiger Killer}; as we would say, Jones 
 (the Shoemaker), Jones (the Butcher), <&c. 
 
 And yet another difficulty still more embarrassing, that most In 
 dians of celebrity have half a dozen or more of names, which they 
 use according to caprice or circumstances. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
INDIAN PORTRAITS. 
 
 Cartoon No. 1. 
 
 a> _ Sho-me-kos-se (7%<? TFtfZf) ; bead chief of the tribe, dressed 
 in a rich costume of skins ; on his Buffalo robe is 
 curiously painted a Buffalo chase, and in his hand 
 he holds a handsome pipe. 
 
 I. ( Wa-hon-ga-shee (No Fool). 
 
 Ci ) Chesh-oo-bong-ha (The Man of Good Sense}. 
 
 d. ( Meach-o-sbin-gaw (The Little White Bear) ; three dis 
 tinguished warriors of the Konza tribe, dressed and 
 painted for war; their beads shaved and ornamented 
 with red crests, made of the hair of deer s tails, 
 dyed red, and horse hair ; the uniform mode of the 
 warriors of that tribe. 
 
 e. Din-dee ( ) ; wife and child of the Chief. 
 
 The remnant of a numerous and warlike tribe, decimated 
 by rum and whiskey and the small pox, on the Kansas river 
 west of Missouri. Painted in 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 2. Iowa. 
 
 a. ISTotch-e-ning-a (No Heart) ; Chief of the tribe, called, 
 also, the "White Cloud." A celebrated warrior, 
 carrying his shield and lance ; and his necklace 
 made of the claws of the grizzly bear. 
 
 b. Mu-lm-she-kaw (The White Cloud)- oldest son of the 
 Cbief, and heir apparent. 
 
 c. Pa-ta-coo-chee (The Shooting Cedar) 
 
 A small tribe at present, on the eastern bank of the Mis 
 souri, much reduced by small pox and whiskey. 1832. 
 
 * The acute is used to denote the accent. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 3. Iroqiiois. 
 
 a. E"ot-a-way ( ) ; one of the chiefs of the tribe, 
 
 celebrated as a warrior. 
 
 1). Tchee-a-ka-chee ( ) ; an Iroquois woman, curiously 
 
 wrapped in her blanket. 
 
 c. Nox-to-ye ( ) ; a young warrior, grasping his bow 
 
 and arrows under his robe. 
 
 The remnant of a numerous and warlike tribe, residing at 
 present in Upper Canada. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 4. Wiimebstgo. 
 
 a. Naw-Kaw ( Wood) ; an aged man, Chief of the tribe, 
 armed with his war club ; said to be celebrated for 
 his eloquence. 
 
 Z>. "Wa-chee-has-ka (He who puts all out of doors) ; a cele 
 brated warrior, carrying, attached to his arms, rattle 
 snakes skins. 
 
 c. j Wa-kon-chash-kaw (He who comes on the thunder). 
 d. \ Hoo-wa-ne-kaw (The Little Elk). 
 
 (Two warriors, armed with their war clubs.) 
 
 A tribe formerly numerous and warlike, but decimated by 
 small pox and whiskey ; western shore of Lake Michigan. 
 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 5. SioilX. (Dahcota.) 
 
 a. Ee-ah-sa-pa (The Black Roclc) ; head war chief of the 
 tribe, richly dressed ; his head dress of war eagle s 
 quills and ermine extending to the ground, sur 
 mounted by horns, symbols of authority ; his robe 
 is painted, his leggings fringed with scalp locks, and 
 in his hand his lance and " medicine bag." 
 
 I. Wy4oo-tah-ee-tchah-ta-ma-nee (The Little Red Thing 
 that touches the ground in marching), (a little red 
 tassel attached to the lower extremity of her father s 
 head dress) ; an unmarried woman, daughter of the 
 war chief, in a pretty skin dress. 
 
 c. Eeh-16o-ta ( ); a Sioux woman, wife of the war 
 
 chief. 1832. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 6. 
 
 a. Wa-nah-de-tunk-a (The Black Dog] ; chief of a band, 
 on the St. Peters Elver. 
 
 &. ( - \(Eed Wing)-, chief of a band, a celebrated 
 warrior, upper Mississippi. 
 
 c. Toh-to-wa-kon-da-pee (The Blue Medicine] ; a celebrated 
 
 doctor and medicine [or mystery] man holding his 
 drum and mysterious rattle in his hands. 
 
 d. "Wee-ne ( - ); a Sioux woman, wife and child of 
 
 the chief, a boy of four years, yet at the breast ; an 
 occurrence not unfrequent amongst the North Amer 
 ican Indians. 1832. 
 
 Cart No. 7. SidllX. 
 
 a. ( Mah-to-chee-ga (The Little Bear}. 
 
 I. \ Shon-ka (I he Dog). 
 
 c. ( Tah-teck-a-da-hair (The Steep Wind) ; three dis 
 tinguished warriors of the Sioux tribe [upper 
 Missouri], dressed and painted for war. These three 
 warriors all lost their lives in a private quarrel 
 growing out of the painting of their portraits. For 
 the details of this tragic event see " Catlin s Life 
 amongst the Indians." (Appleton.) 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 8. 
 
 a. Wan-e-ton ( -- ) ; chief of the Susseton band ; 
 his head dress of eagle s quills descends to the 
 ground. 
 
 1). Un-ca-to-a (The Inner Bark) ; a warrior of the Susse 
 ton band, armed and equipped for war. 
 
 c. Nee-ne (The Trembling Sound) ; the daughter of the 
 chief, in a pretty skin dress. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 9. SioilX. 
 
 a. Ha-won-je-ta (The One Horn) ; head chief of the Sioux 
 tribe [of 35,000, in 1832], dressed in a costume of 
 skins, ornamented with a profusion of porcupine 
 quills embroidery, and fringes of scalp locks. 
 
 The Sioux tribe contained 40 bands, and each band had 
 its chief, subordinate to the " One Horn." 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 b. Tchon-dee (Tobacco) ; second chief of the Sioux tribe, 
 
 celebrated for his war exploits. 
 
 c. Toh-ky-e-to (The Stone with Horns) ; great counsellor 
 
 to the chief, and medicine man, his body and limbs 
 curiously tattooed. 
 
 d. Tchon-su-mons-ka (the Sandbar) ; wife of the chief, 
 
 with her infant [pappoose], in its prettily ornamented 
 crib, or cradle. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 10. Ojlbbeway. 
 
 a. Gitch-e-gaw-ga-osh (The Point that Remains Forever) ; 
 chief of a band ; an aged man, holding his pipe, 
 his hair is white with age, a rare occurrence amongst 
 the JSTorth American Indians. 
 
 I. ( On-daig (The Crow). 
 
 c. I I-an-be-wa-dick (The Male Caribou}. 
 
 d. ( Cah-be-mub-be (He who Sits Everywhere) ; three young 
 
 warriors seated in council with the chief. 
 
 A numerous tribe, southeast and west of Lake Supe 
 rior. 1834. 
 
 Cart. No. 11. Oj ibbe way . 
 
 a. ( Ka-bes-kunk (He who Travels Everywhere). 
 
 b. \ O-ta-wa (The Ottoway); two young warriors, in war 
 
 dress, with their pipes and weapons in hand. 
 
 c. Ju-a-kiss-gaw ( - ) ; an Ojibbeway woman, wife of 
 
 Ka-bes-kunk, with her infant in its cradle, painted 
 at the fall of St. Anthony. 1834. 
 
 Cart. No. 12. Ojibbcway. 
 
 a. Sha-co-pay ( The Six), (the killer of six men) ; head 
 chief of the tribe, in a costume of skins, ornamented 
 with a profusion of porcupine quill embroidery, and 
 scalp locks. 
 
 ._ ( -- ). 
 
 d. ( -- ) ; three young boys, sons of the chief, amusing 
 themselves with their bow r s and arrows. 
 
 The wildest band of the Ojibbeways, living west of Lake 
 Superior, on the sources of Red River of the North. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 13. Sailkie. 
 
 a. Ah-mou-a (The Whale) ; a distinguished 
 armed with his shield, war club, and lance. 
 
 &. Wa-quoth-e-qua (The Buctis Wife) ; wife of the 
 
 warrior. 
 c. Me-sow-wahk (The Deer s Hair}; a young boy, 12 
 
 years old, the son of Kee-o-kuk, chief of the tribe. 
 A small tribe, residing in Iowa and Illinois. 1834. 
 
 Cart. No. 14. Saukie. 
 
 a. Muk-a-ta-rmsh-o-ka-kaik (The Black Hawk} ; war chief 
 of the tribe, made celebrated by the "Black Hawk 
 war" which he got up and waged on the United 
 States frontier in 1831 and 1832. 
 
 b. ( Na-se-us-kuk (2 he Whirling Thunder). 
 
 c. ( Wa-saw-me-saw (The Roaring Thunder) ; the two sons 
 of Black Hawk, distinguished warriors, and taken 
 prisoners with him at the close of the war. 
 
 d. | Pam-a-ho (Ihe Swimmer). 
 
 e. < ]STa-pope (Sowp). 
 
 y._ ( Wa-pe-kee-suck (The White Cloud), (called also "the 
 Prophet"); Three warriors made prisoners with 
 the Black Hawk. The chief and his five warriors 
 were painted during their imprisonment in Jefferson 
 Barracks with cannon balls attached to their ankles. 
 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 15. Saukie. 
 
 a. Kee-o-kuk (The Running Fox) ; head chief of the tribe, 
 holding his mace (symbol of authority), and his tom 
 ahawk ornamented with a scalp. 
 
 5. Pash-e-pa-ho (The Little Stabbing Chief) ; an aged chief 
 of great celebrity, armed with his lance, his shield, 
 and his pipe. 
 
 c. N"ah- wee-re-coo ( ); a Saukie woman, the wife of 
 
 Kee-o-kuk; her dress of civilized manufacture, orna 
 mented with ribbons and brass buttons. 1834. 
 
 Cart. No. 16. Saukie. 
 
 a. Kee-o-kuk ( The Punning Fox) ; mounted on a fine horse 
 purchased on the frontier for $300. 1834. 
 
10 NOBTH AMEEICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 17. Meiiomoiiic. 
 
 a. Mah-kee-me-teuv (The Grizzly Bear} ; chief of the tribe, 
 holding his war club in one hand and a handsome 
 pipe in the other. 
 
 J. Chee-me-nah-na-quet (The Big Cloud) ; son of the chief 
 and heir presumptive, with his war club on his arm. 
 
 c. Me-cheet-e-neuh (The Wounded Beards Shoulder) ; a 
 Menomonie woman, wife of the chief. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 18. Meiiomoiiie. 
 
 a. Coo-coo-coo (The Owl) ; an aged chief, 105 years old. 
 
 Ij. j Chesh-ko-tong. 
 
 c. ( "Wah-chees ; two young beaux of the tribe. 
 
 The remains of a numerous and warlike tribe, decimated 
 by whiskey and the small-pox. Western coast of Lake Mich 
 igan. 1830. 
 
 Cart. No. 19. Ottoe. 
 
 a. Raw-no-way-wash-kra (The Loose Pipe Stem) ;. second 
 chief of the tribe, in a splendid dress ; his head dress 
 of eagles quills. 
 
 b. "Wa-ro-nee-saw (The Surrounder) ; head chief of the 
 tribe : his tunic the entire skin of a grizzly bear, and 
 the pipe in his hand a calumet. 
 
 c. Run-ne ( ) ; an Ottoe woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 The small remnant of a numerous tribe on the western 
 shores of the Missouri, reduced by whiskey and small-pox. 
 1833. 
 
 Cart. No. 20. Omaha. 
 
 N6m-ba-mon-ye (The Double Walker). 
 
 Om-pa-ton-ga (The Big Elk). 
 
 Man-sha-qui-ta (The Little Soldier) ; three Omaha war 
 riors, dressed and equipped for war, with shields, 
 bows, quivers, and war clubs. 
 
 The small remnant of a numerous tribe on the western 
 banks of the Missouri, decimated by whiskey and small-pox. 
 1833. 
 
 Cart. No. 21. Omaha. 
 
 a. Ky-ho-ga-wa-shu-shee (The Brave Chief) ; head chief 
 of the tribe, richly dressed. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 11 
 
 l t Me-sow-won ( ) ; an Omaha woman, wife of the 
 
 chief, in a handsome skin dress. 
 
 c. Shaw-da-mon-ne (There lie goes] ; a warrior, in war cos 
 tume, smoking a pipe tomahawk. 1833. 
 
 Cart. No. 22. Pawnee. 
 
 a. Shon-ka-ky-hee-ga (The Horse Chief) , a celebrated 
 chief of the Pawnees of the Platte. 
 
 5. Haw-chee-ke-sug ga (The Killer of Osages), an aged 
 chief of the Missouries, remnants of the powerful 
 tribe of Missourians, now merged with the Pawnees. 
 
 c. ( ); wife of the chief. 1833. 
 
 Cart. No. 23. Pawnee. 
 
 fl._ / La-doo-ke-a (The Buffalo Bull). 
 
 l m J L6o-ra-wee-re-coo (The Bird that Goes to War). 
 
 c. ( Ah-sha-la-coots-a (The Mole in the Forehead). Three 
 
 celebrated warriors of the Platte, in war costumes 
 
 and equipments. 
 
 d. La-looch ( ) ; a Pawnee woman, wife of the 
 
 " Buffalo Bull." 1833. 
 
 Cart. No. 24. Pawiiee. 
 
 a. Lee-shaw-loo-la-le-hoo (The Big Elk) ; second chief of 
 the tribe, in a rich costume ; his headdress of war- 
 eagle s quills, and a handsome pipe in his hand. 
 
 ~b. L har-re-tar-rusche (The Ill-natured Man) ; a cele 
 brated warrior, with his pipe-tomahawk in his 
 hand. 
 
 c. Lo-lock-to-h6o-la (The Big Chief) ; a distinguished 
 warrior in war costume. 
 
 A powerful and warlike tribe on the North Fork of the 
 river Platte, although one-half of the tribe were destroyed by 
 small-pox in 1828. 1333. 
 
 Cart. No. 25. Crow (Belantsea). 
 
 a. Ba-da-ah-ch6n-du (He who Outjumps Every One) ; 
 second chief of the tribe, in a rich costume, his 
 headdress of eagle s quills, and he carries his shield, 
 quiver and lance. 
 
12 NOKTH AMEKICA. 
 
 b. Eeh-hee-a-duhks-chee-a (He who Ties his Hair J3ef ore) ; 
 chief of a band, in full costume, his natural hair 
 reaching to the ground. 
 
 c. Bi-eets-e-cure (The Very Sweet Man) ; a warrior of 
 distinction. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 26. Crow. 
 
 a. Ba-da-ah-chon-du (He who Outjumps Every One) ; 
 showing the back of his handsome dress, his robe 
 ornamented with ermine, and paintings of his many 
 battles. 
 
 b. Ings-to-a (Always Good) ; wife of the chief. 
 
 c. Ha-chon-ko-ta ( ) ; a Crow warrior in war cos 
 tume. 1832. 
 
 The tribe of Crows is one of the most beautiful and best 
 organized, and most friendly of the American tribes ; numer 
 ous and warlike ; residing on the Yellowstone River. 
 
 Cart. No. 27. Cl OW. 
 
 a. Pa-ris-ka-roo-pa (The Two Crows) ; head chief of the 
 tribe, in a splendid costume; his long hair descends 
 to the ground, and his headdress the entire skin of a 
 war eagle. 
 
 b. Pa-ris-ka-r6o-pa (The Younger) ; " wise man," and 
 counsellor of the chief. 
 
 c. Chah-ee-chopes (The Four Wolves) ; a chief distin 
 guished, of the tribe. 
 
 d. Duhk-gits-o-oh-see (The lied Bear) ; a celebrated 
 warrior. 
 
 e. Ho-ra-to-a ( ); a famous warrior. 
 
 f. Oo-] e-en-ah-a (The Woman who Lives in the Bear s 
 j)en) ; wife of the chief. 1 832. . 
 
 Cart. No. 28. Crow. 
 
 Ba-da-ah-chon-du (He who Ouijumps All) ; a Crow chief, 
 on horseback, showing his rich costume and the 
 trappings of his horse, and his six scalps, attached 
 to his bridle reins ; his natural hair, eight feet and 
 two inches in length, floating in the air, and his 
 headdress and that of his horse, of war eagle s 
 quills. 1832. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 13 
 
 Cart. No. 29. Crow. 
 
 a. ( ) ; a secondary chief, in a robe orna 
 mented with a figure of the sun. 
 
 # t Steen-ver-re (He who Reasons) ; a warrior in a costume 
 richly ornamented with porcupine quill embroidery. 
 
 c. ( ) ; a Crow woman, wife of the war 
 rior. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 30. Mandan. 
 
 a . Mah-to-toh-pa (The Four Bears) ; the war chief of the 
 Mandans, a chief of great celebrity ; his costume or 
 namented with ermine and scalp locks, and his head 
 dress of eagle quills and ermine, descending to the 
 ground, is surmounted with horns, symbols of his 
 authority (like an Israelitish custom ?). 
 
 J. M^-neek-e-sunk-te-ca (The Mink) ; the favorite wife of 
 Mahtotohpa, exhibiting the robe of the chief, with 
 all his battles painted on it. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 31. Mandan. 
 
 Seehk-hee-de (The Mouse-colored Feather). 
 tJn-ka-ka-hon-she-kaw (The Long Finger-nails). 
 Mah-tahp-ta-ha (He who Rushes through the Middle). 
 
 Three young warriors, painted and equipped for war ; 
 
 their long hair falling over their shoulders and backs, 
 
 filled at intervals with red ochre and glue a mode 
 
 peculiar to the Mandans. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 32. Maiidan. 
 
 a. San-ja-kdh-ko-ka (The Deceiving Wolf). A celebrated 
 warrior of the tribe. 
 
 Three warriors, their names not known. 
 
 e. ( ). A Mandan girl, sister of one of the warriors. 
 
 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 33. Mandan. 
 
 a. Ha-na-tah-nu-mauk (The Wolf Chief). Head civil 
 
 chief of the tribe. 
 
 b. H6-ra-ho-na ( ); wife and child of the chief. 
 
 The Mandans, to the number of 2,000, inhabited the 
 
 Western shore of the Missouri, 1,800 miles above St. Louis, and 
 
 were nearly all destroyed by small pox the second year after 
 
 they were visited by the author. 1832. 
 
14r NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 34. Miiiatarree. 
 
 a. Eehk-tohk-pa-she-pee-shaw (The Black Moccasin} ; head 
 chief of the tribe; 105 years old when painted. 
 He is seated in his wigwam, smoking a handsome 
 pipe, surrounded by his family. 
 
 The Minatarrees are a small tribe, living in one village, on 
 the Knife River, a few miles above the Mandans, and speak 
 ing the Crow language. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 35. Miiiatarree. 
 
 Ee-ah-chin-che-a (The Red Thunder) ; son of the Black 
 Moccasin, and heir apparent to the office of chief; 
 dressed and painted for war. 
 
 ( ) (The Catfish) ; a beau, in a beautiful dress. 
 
 Seet-see-be-a (The Mid Day Sun) : an unmarried girl, 
 in a very pretty dress of mountain sheep skins, and 
 holding her fan, made of the tail of a war eagle. 
 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 36. Riccarree. 
 
 a. Stan-au-pat (The Bloody Hand) ; head chief of the 
 tribe, dressed in a superb costume of skins, em 
 broidered with porcupine quills, and fringed with 
 scalp locks. 
 
 b. Ka-beck-a ( The Twin) ; wife of the chief. 
 
 The Riccarrees are a small tribe, living all in one village, 
 on the west bank of the Missouri, 200 miles below the Man- 
 dans. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 37. Riccarree. 
 
 a. j Pa-too-ca-ra (He Who Strikes). 
 
 1). ( Kut-sd-ra (The Red Dish) ; two warriors in war dress 
 
 c. Pshan-shaw (The Sweet Scented Grass) ; an unmarried 
 
 girl, in a pretty dress of mountain sheep skins. 
 
 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 38. Blackfoot. 
 
 a. j In-ne-6-cose (The Buffalo s Child). 
 
 1). | Mix-ke-mote-skin-na ( The Iron Horn) ; two warriors of 
 
 distinction, richly dressed, one of whom holds his 
 
 lance and medicine bag in his hand. 
 c. Ah-kay-e-pex-en (The Woman Who Strikes) ; a Blackfoot 
 
 woman, wife of one of the warriors. 1832. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 15 
 
 Cart. No. 39. Blackfoot. 
 
 a. Stu-mik-6-suks ( The Buffalo s Back Fat) ; chief of the 
 Piegan band of Blackfeet, holding a handsome 
 pipe, and in a costume of the richest kind. 
 
 b. Eeh-nis-kim (The Crystal Stone) ; a Blackfoot woman, 
 wife of the chief. 
 
 c. "Wun-nes-tow ( The White Buffalo) ; a great medicine 
 man, and counselor of the chief. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 40. Blackfoot. 
 
 a. Peh-to pe-kiss (TheEagle Ribs} ; the war chief of the 
 tribe, in a rich costume of skins, and holding two 
 medicine bags his own and another taken from an 
 enemy killed in battle. 
 
 1. Kay-on-sa-qua (The Blue Bead) ; a Blackfoot woman, 
 wife of the chief. 
 
 c. Pe-no-mah-kan (He who runs up the Hill) ; a distin 
 guished warrior ; his headdress formed of raven s 
 quills. 
 
 The Blackfoot, numbering 60,000, is the most numerous 
 and the most powerful tribe in America, residing in the 
 Rocky Mountains, and mostly in British Territory. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 41. Blackfoot. 
 
 a. Stats-6o-ven (The Great Archer} ; chief of a band, in 
 a handsome robe, and smoking a long pipe. 
 
 1). Bee-6-nas-as-sa (The Bear Killer) ; a celebrated hunter. 
 
 c. ( ) ; a warrior, seated on the ground, and wearing 
 
 a handsome Crow Kobe. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 42. Cainaiichee. 
 
 a. Ta-wah-que-na ( The Mountain of Rocks) ; one of the 
 principal chiefs of the tribe, very corpulent, a thing 
 exceedingly rare amongst the North American In 
 dians. 
 
 1. Hiss-oo-san-ches ( ) ; one of the most celebrated 
 
 warriors of the tribe, armed and equipped for war. 
 
 c. Hatch-ee ( ) ; a Camanchee woman, wife of the 
 
 war chief. 1836. 
 
16 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 43. Camanchee. 
 
 ^z. Ee-sha-ko-nee (The Bow and Quiver) ; head chief of 
 the tribe. 
 
 Ha-nee (The Beaver). 
 
 Is-sa-wa-tam-ma (The Wolf Tied with Hair). 
 Ish-a-ro-ye (He who Carries a Wolf). Three distin 
 guished warriors, and favorites of the chief. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 44. Camaiichee. 
 
 a. A group of Camanchee children, the family and wig 
 wam of the chief. 
 
 The Camanchee, numbering 30,000, is one of the most 
 warlike and powerful tribes in America, living on the western 
 frontier of Texas. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 45. Pawneepict. 
 
 a. "Wee-tar-ra-sha-ro ( ) ; head chief of the tribe, an 
 
 aged and celebrated man. 
 
 J. Sky-se-ro-ka ( ) ; the leading warrior of the tribe. 
 
 c. ( Shee-de-a ( Wild Sage). 
 
 d. \ Kah-keet-se (The Thighs) ; two daughters of the chief. 
 
 A small tribe, living on the sources of the Red River, in 
 Western Texas. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 46. Wee-CO. 
 
 a. tjsh-e-kits (fie who Fights with a Feather) ; head chief 
 of the tribe. 
 
 5. Uh-to-a ( ) ; a Weeco woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 c. Kots-a-to-a ( ) ; a distinguished warrior. 
 
 A small tribe, near the sources of Red River, Western 
 Texas. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 47. Piaiikeshaw. 
 
 a. Men-son-se-a (The Left Hand) ; a celebrated warrior. 
 
 1). Lee-a ( ) ; wife of the above warrior. 
 
 d. Kee-a-co-mo (To Fix with his Foot). 
 
 A small remnant of a tribe in Illinois. 1830. 
 
NORTH AMERICAN. 
 
 Cart. No. 48. Cheyenne. 
 
 a. Ne-hee-o-woo-tis ( The Wolf on the Hill] ; a chief of a 
 band, ami distinguished. 
 
 I. L6ots-a ( - ); a Cheyenne woman, wife of the 
 chief. 
 
 c. He-wan-e-tax ( ); an orator and medicineman. 
 1833. 
 
 Cart. No. 49. Cheyenne. 
 
 a. Who-na-sow-on ( - ) ; a celebrated warrior, with 
 shield and quiver slung. 
 
 o. ( - ) ; a celebrated warrior, carrying his bow and 
 quiver. 
 
 G. A warrior armed with his lance, shield and quiver. 
 
 A small but warlike tribe, on the sources of the Yellow 
 stone Kiver. 1833. 
 
 Cart. No. 50. Kaskaskia. 
 
 a. Kee-mon-saw ( The Little Chief} ; chief of the tribe, 
 
 now reduced to three persons, the chief, his aged 
 mother, and his little son. 
 
 b. ( - ) ; the mother of the chief. 
 
 c. ( - ) ; the little son of the chief. 
 
 This tribe, formerly numerous and warlike, inhabited the 
 western shores of the Mississippi. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 51. Osage (Wasasie). 
 
 a.-. Tchong-tas-sab-be (The Black Dog) ; the war chief of 
 the tribe, six and a half feet high, and corpulent at 
 the same time, and blind in his left eye, holding a 
 handsome pipe in one hand, and a tomahawk orna 
 mented with a scalp, in the other. 
 
 &. ( Tal-lee ( - ). 
 
 o. { Ko-ha-tunk-a (The Big Crow) ; two of the most cele 
 brated warriors of the tribe, equipped for war. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 52. Osage. 
 
 a. Cler-mont ( - ) ; head chief of the tribe, armed with 
 his war club. 
 2 
 
18 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 b. "Wa-chee-te ( - ) ; an Osage woman, wife and child 
 
 of the chief. 
 
 c. j Mun-ne-pus-kee (He who Fears Nothing). 
 
 d. ( Nah-eom-e-sah (The Man of the Bed) ; two young 
 
 warriors, armed and equipped for w T ar. 
 
 A numerous and warlike tribe, on the Kiver Arkansaw. 
 
 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 53. 
 
 a. - (" Red Jacket ") ; chief of the tribe, the most 
 celebrated Indian of the American frontier during 
 the last half century. He was celebrated as the 
 chief of the " Six Nations." (See Stone s " Life of 
 Eed Jacket.") 
 
 ~b. ( - (The Good Hunter). 
 
 c. ( - (The Hard Hickory). Two warriors, favorites 
 of the chief. 
 
 The Seneca was formerly a powerful and warlike tribe, in 
 the State of New York, near the falls of Niagara, now reduced 
 to four or five hundred. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 54. Plincall. 
 
 a. Hongs-kay-de (The Great Chief) ; son and heir appa 
 rent of the chief. This young man of eighteen years 
 made himself celebrated and "great medicine " by 
 marrying four wives at the same instant. The au 
 thor was present at the ceremony. (See Catlin s 
 " Life Among the Indians." Appleton.) 
 
 ft. Hee-la-de (The Clear Fountain) ; mother of Hongs- 
 kayde, and wife of the chief. 
 
 c. Mong-shong-shaw (The Sending Willow) ; one of the 
 four wives of Hongskayde ; probably, like the oth 
 ers, between the age of twelve and fourteen years. 
 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 55. Puncall. 
 
 a. Shoo-de-ga-cha (Smoke) ; head chief of the tribe, 
 wrapped in his buffalo robe, and surrounded by his 
 family. 
 
 A small tribe on the western shore of the Upper Missouri. 
 1832. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 19 
 
 Cart. No. 56. Ottowa. 
 
 a. Waps-e-pee-dic (The Great Orator) ; chief of a band, 
 picturesquely wrapped in his blanket. 
 
 1. H6o-la ( ) ; an Ottawa woman, wife of the chief, 
 
 ornamented with beads and brass buttons. 
 
 c. On-ka-hu-ga ( ) ; a warrior. 
 
 A small tribe in Upper Canada. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 57. Moiligail. 
 
 a. Ee-tow-o-kaum (Both Sides of the River) ; chief of the 
 tribe, civilized, holding his prayer-book in one hand 
 and his cane in the other. 
 
 b. Wain-naw-kon (The Dish)\ called also " John Quin- 
 ney," now a missionary in the tribe. 
 
 This tribe, formerly numerous, and now almost destroyed 
 by disease and dissipation, live in the western part of New 
 York. 1830. 
 
 Cart. No. 58. Pedria. 
 
 a. Pa-me-cow-e-tah (The Man who Tracks) ; this amiable 
 and handsome young man was said to be chief of the 
 tribe, and an advocate of temperance. 
 
 b. Kee-mo-ra-nia ( ) ; a young man, curiously 
 
 dressed and painted, and holding his looking-glass 
 in his hand. 
 
 c. Kel-ly ( ); a Peoria woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 A small remnant of a numerous tribe, State of Illinois. 
 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 59. Ojifobeway. 
 
 Portraits of nine Indians from Upper Canada, who visited 
 London in 1845, in charge of Mr. Rankin, a Canadian. 
 
 a. Ah-quee-we-zaints (The Boy Chief). 
 
 1}. Pat-6-a-quat-o-wee-be (The Driving Cloud), 
 
 c. Wee-nish-ka- wee-be ( The Flying Gull). 
 
 d. Sa-mah (Tobacco). 
 
20 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 e. Gish-e-gosh-e-gee (The Moonlight Night}. 
 f. E~ot-een-a-akm (The Strong Wind) ; an interpreter. 
 g Wos-se-ab-e-neu-ka (An Ojibbeway Woman), 
 h. !N"ish-nab-e-qua ( ) ; a young woman. 
 
 i. Ne-bet-ne-qua ( ) ; a young girl . 
 
 This troup was brought to London for Exhibition. 1845. 
 
 Cart. No. 60. Iowa. 
 
 Portraits of 14 Indians who visited Paris and London in 
 1845, in charge of Mr. Melody, of Missouri, 
 
 a. Mu-hu-she-kaw ( The White Cloud) ; a chief. 
 
 h. Neu-mon-ye (The Walking Rain) ; a war chief. 
 
 c. See-n6n-ty-a ( The Blister feet) ; a medicine man. 
 
 d. "Wash-ke mon-ye (The Fast Dancer), 
 
 e. Shon-ta-y-ee-ga (The Little Wolf) ; a warrior. 
 
 f. ISTo-ho-mun-ye (He who Gives no Attention). 
 
 g. Wa-ton-ye (The Foremost Man). 
 
 h. "Wa-ta- wee-buck a-nah (Commanding General} ; a boy. 
 
 FEMALES. 
 
 i. Ku-ton-ye-wee-me (The Strutting Pigeon). 
 j. Ru-ton-wee-me (Pigeon on the Wing). 
 
 Tc. O-ke-wee-me (Female Bear that walks on the ~back of 
 another]. 
 
 I. Koon-za-ya-me (Female War Eagle). 
 m.- Ta-pa-ta-me ( Wisdom) ; a girl. 
 n. Corsair ; (a pappoose). 
 
 The Iowa is at present but a small tribe of 1400, living on 
 the lower Missouri, 1845. 
 
 Cart. No. 61. Ojifobeway. 
 
 Portraits of eleven Ojibbeway Indians froniUpper Canada, 
 brought to London and Paris by a Canadian, in 1845. 
 
 Maun-gua-daus (A Great Hero) ; a chief. 
 Say-say -gon (The Hail Storm). 
 Kee-che-us-sin (The Strong Rock) ; a warrior. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 21 
 
 a. Mush-ee-mong (King of the Loons). 
 
 e. Au-nim-muk-kwa-um (The Tempest Bird^. 
 
 j-. A-wun-ne-wa-be (The Bird of Thunder}. 
 
 g t Wa-bud-dick (The Elk}. 
 
 h. Ud-je-jok (The Pelican) ; a young boy. 
 
 i. Noo-din-noo-kay (The Furious Storm) ; a boy. 
 
 j. Min-nis-sin-noo ( The Brave Warrior} ; a boy. 
 
 Jc. Uh-wus-sig-gee-zigh-gooh-kway (The Woman of the 
 Upper World). 
 
 ( ) ; pappoose. 1845. 
 
 Cart. No. 62. Olieida. 
 
 a. "Wa-sas (Bread) ; chief of the tribe. 
 
 b. Lute-lute ( ) ; a young woman, sister of the chief. 
 
 c. Cu-sick ( ) ; a civilized Indian, and a Baptist 
 
 missionary in the tribe, when painted. 
 
 The remains of a numerous and powerful tribe, in the 
 western part of New York. In 1840, 400 of this tribe passed 
 into Canada, purchasing there a tract of land and, becoming 
 agriculturists, are said to be increasing. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 63. Delaware. 
 
 Bod-a-sin ( ) ; a celebrated chief. 
 
 Non-on-day-gon ( ) ; a warrior of distinction. 
 
 Ah-wee ( ) ; a Delaware woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 The small remnant of a once numerous and warlike tribe 
 many times removed, and now west of the Mississippi. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 64. Creek, (Muscoyee). 
 
 a Stee-cha-co-me-co (The Great King) ; called also " Ben 
 Ferryman," one of the chiefs of the tribe. 
 
 I. H61-te-mal-te-tez-te-neek-e ( ) ; called also Sam 
 
 Ferryman, brother of the chief. 
 
 c, ( ) ; a Creek woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 A numerous tribe (21,000), semi-civilized, which President 
 Jackson removed from Georgia to the upper Arkansaw. 
 1836. 
 
22 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart No. 65. Choctaw. 
 
 a. Mo-sho-la-tub-be (lie who puts out and Mils) ; chief 
 of the tribe. 
 
 . Ha-choo-tuck-ne (The Snapping Turtle); a young man, 
 half caste, and educated. 
 
 A numerous tribe (15,000), removed from Georgia to 
 upper Arkansaw by President Jackson. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 66. Wee-all. 
 
 a. Go-to-kow-pah-a (He who stands "by himself) ; a young 
 warrior, armed with his tomahawk. 
 
 1. "Wa-pon-je-a (The Swari); a warrior. 
 c. Swa-nee ( ) ; a Weeah woman. 
 
 A small remnant of a tribe, living in the State of Michigan. 
 1834. 
 
 Cart. No. 67. Semiiiolee. 
 
 a. fEe-mat-la (King Phillip). 
 1. \ Ye-how-lo-gee (The Cloud). 
 
 c. 1 Co-ee-ha-jo ( ). 
 
 d. [La-shee (The Licker)\ four celebrated warriors of the 
 
 Seminolees, made prisoners with Osceola. 
 
 e. Wont-now ( ); a Seminolee woman, wife of one 
 
 of the warriors. 
 
 / . Os-ce-6-la (The Black Drink) ; a young boy, nephew of 
 the chief, Osceola. 
 
 These portraits were painted at Fort Moultrie, whilst they 
 were prisoners of war. 1838. 
 
 Cart. No. 68. Semiiiolee. 
 
 a. Os-ce-6-la (The Black Drink) \ a celebrated warrior, 
 half caste, who took the lead in the Seminolee war. 
 
 c. ( ; two Seminolee women, wives of Osceola. 
 d. Mick-e-n6-pa ( ) ; head chief of the Seminolees. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 23 
 
 ^. How-e-da-hee ( ); a Seminolee woman, wife of the 
 
 chief. 
 
 A tribe of 3,000, lately removed from Florida to the Upper 
 Arkansaw, after a destructive war with the United States 
 Government for several years. 1838. 
 
 Cart. No. 69. Kiowa. 
 
 a. Teh-toot-sa ( ); chief of the tribe; a man much 
 
 distinguished in his tribe. 
 
 b. Bon-s6n-je (New Fire); a celebrated warrior. 
 
 ( ) ; a young woman and boy [brother and sister]. 
 
 A small tribe, living on the sources of the Red River, 
 Western Texas. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 70. Kiowa. 
 
 a. B61d-ner ( ) ; a Kiowa chief, in a rich costume, 
 
 ornamented with scalp locks and porcupine quills 
 embroidery, and armed with his war club, his shield, 
 and bow. 
 
 Z>. Wins-ko-to-ro ( ) ; a warrior, carrying his shield 
 
 and quiver, beautifully dressed. 
 
 c. Link-wistch ( ) ; a warrior, holding his war club. 
 
 d. L6o-ne ( ) ; wife of the chief. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 71. Cherokee. 
 
 a. Jol-lee ( ) ; chief of a band, a half caste, and 
 
 civilized. 
 
 ._ Tuch-ee ( ); chief of a band [called "Dutch,"] 
 
 one of the most celebrated of the frontier Indians of 
 the United States. 
 
 A tribe of 22,000, civilized and agricultural, transported 
 by President Jackson from Georgia to the Upper Arkansaw. 
 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 72. Kiekapoo. 
 
 a. Kee-an-ne-kuk (The Foremost Man) ; [called the " Kiek 
 apoo Prophet,"] at his wish he was painted in the 
 attitude of preaching. 
 
24 NOKTH AMEKICA. 
 
 b. Ah-ton-we-tuk (The Cock Turkey) ; an aged chief, repeat 
 ing his prayer, carved on a maple baton by the 
 Prophet. 
 
 c. Ah-to-wot-o-mie ( ) ; a Kickapoo woman, wife of 
 the " Prophet," reading her prayer from the baton. 
 
 A small remnant of a tribe living- in Illinois, destroyed by 
 whiskey and small-pox. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 73. Potowot Gillie. 
 
 a. On-saw-kie (The Sac) ; a young man, repeating his 
 prayer from the maple baton, introduced into this 
 tribe by the Kickapoo Prophet. 
 
 b. ]STa-pow-sa (The Bear trawling in the night) ; one of the 
 chiefs of the tribe. 
 
 c. Kee-se (- ) ; a Potowotomie woman, reading her 
 
 prayer from the maple baton. 
 
 The small remnant of a tribe in Illinois. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 74. Shawano. 
 
 a. Lay-law-she-kaw (He who goes up the river) ; an aged 
 chief, having the rims of his ears separated and 
 elongated. 
 
 &. Kay-te-qua (The Female Eagle) ; a young girl, daughter 
 of the chief. 
 
 c. Pa-te-coo-saw (The Straight Man) ; a celebrated hunter, 
 
 d. Ten-squa-ta-way (The Open Doo r r)\ the celebrated 
 " Shawnee Prophet," brother of Tecumseh ; he is 
 blind in his right eye, and represented with his 
 "sacred string of beans" in one hand and his "mi 
 raculous fire " in the other. 
 
 The remains of a once numerous and powerful tribe, many 
 times removed, and now living west of the Mississippi. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 75. Assiimeboiite. 
 
 a. "Wi-jun-jun (The Pigeon s Egg Head) ; a distinguished 
 warrior, and oldest son of the chief. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 4& 
 
 #.__ Chin-cha-pee (The Fire Bug that creeps] ; [the Glow 
 worm] ; the wife of Wijunjon, holding in her hand 
 the baton used by the women of that tribe to dig the 
 " pomrne blanche," a sort of wild turnip, growing in 
 the prairies. 
 
 c. ( ) ; the children of Wijunjon. 
 
 A tribe of 8,000, living on the sources of the Red River 
 of the North. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 76. 
 
 clt Eeh-tow-ees-ka-zeet (He who has eyes behind him) ; 
 called " Bras-Casse " (The Broken arm} ; a distin 
 guished warrior, in a superb costume, who had 
 fought most of his battles, and killed six of his 
 enemies, with his left hand. 
 
 5. Tse-mount (A Great Wonder) ; a boy, son of the war 
 rior. 
 c. Kee-wet (The Cup) ; wife and child of the warrior. 
 
 A wild and warlike tribe of 8,000, living principally in 
 British Territory and near the Rocky Mountains. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 77. Arapaho. 
 
 a. Ha-nis-krah (He sees through the fog) ; one of the 
 chiefs, chief of a band, wearing a robe made of the 
 skin of a grizzly bear. 
 
 b. Hoo ( ) ; an Arapaho woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 c. Too-jen-ux-ta (The Great Jumper) ; a celebrated warrior 
 and hunter. 
 
 A small, but warlike tribe, south of the sources of the 
 Platte. 1834, 
 
 Cart. No. 78. Arapaho. 
 
 a. Ben-6-ven ( ) ; a distinguished w r arrior, armed 
 
 with his lance and quiver, and wearing a necklace 
 made of grizzly bear s claws. 
 
 b. Hooxt-6-ven ( ); a celebrated warrior, equipped 
 
 for war. 
 
26 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 . ( ) ; an Arapaho woman, the mother of the two 
 
 warriors. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 79. Mic-Mac. 
 
 a. Muk-e-wis-kag ( The Great Talker) ; a famous salmon 
 spearer, armed with his rifle. 
 
 &. ( ); a Mic-Mac woman, the wife of the "Great 
 
 Talker." 
 
 c. Wil-na-wil-ta ( ); a warrior. 
 
 Remains of a numerous tribe in Lower Canada. Semi- 
 civilized. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 80. Tiis-ka-ro-ra. 
 
 a. Roohts-tiib-be ( ); a warrior. 
 
 ~b. Nu-gee-o-hants-a ( ) ; a warrior. 
 
 c. Fin-nee ( ) ; a Tuskarora woman. 
 
 The small remnant of a numerous and warlike tribe. 
 1830. 
 
 Cart. No, 81 . Navaho. 
 
 a. Tchongs-tee ( ) ; a warrior. 
 
 1). Na-qua-s&b-be (He fears no one}. 
 
 c. Hoocht-a ( ) ; a Navaho woman. 
 
 A small tribe in New Mexico, friendly and civilizing. 
 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 82. Ball Players. 
 
 a. Tul-lock-chish-ko (He who drinks the juice of the stone) ; 
 the most celebrated ball player of the Choctaws. 
 
 ~b. Wee-ehush-ta-doo-ta (The Very Red Man) ; the most 
 celebrated player of the Sioux. 
 
 c. Ah-no-je-nahge (He who stands on both sides) the most 
 celebrated ball player of the Ojibbeways. 
 
 These three young men were each designated by the chiefs 
 as the most celebrated players of their tribes. They are in 
 their ball costumes, and with their rackets in hand. 1834-6. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 27 
 
 Cart. No. S3. Assiiiefooiiie. 
 
 a. Wi-jun-jon (The Pigeon s Egg Head) ; an Assineboine 
 chief, on his way to Washington, invited by Presi 
 dent Jackson, iu 1832. 
 
 ._ Wi-jun-ion (The Pigeon s Egg Head*) , on his return to 
 the Upper Missouri, in 133. These portraits were 
 both painted in St. Louis, on his way to Washington, 
 and* on his return, in the costumes here represented, 
 showing the effects of one year of civilizing in the 
 city of Washington. 
 
 Cart. No. 84. Apachee. 
 
 #.__ Be-las-o-qiia-na ( ) ; called the " Spanish Spur "- 
 
 chief of a band, celebrated for his battles with the 
 Mexicans. 
 
 b. ( Mc-war-ra (The Horse Catcher). 
 
 c. \ Nah-quat-se-o ( ). 
 
 d. { Hu-tah ( ) ; three warriors armed and equipped for 
 
 war. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 85. Apachee, 
 
 a . Quoth-e-qua-ra ( ) ; chief of a band, armed with 
 
 bow and quiver. 
 
 I. Mine-sin-ne ( ); a celebrated warrior, carrying 
 
 his shield, quiver and lance. 
 
 d. I ; 
 
 two warriors, names not known. 
 
 Cart. No. 86. Apachee. 
 
 a. Chin-hool-hool-a ( ) ; a celebrated Apachee of the 
 
 Ghila, wearing a handsome robe, with his battles 
 painted on it. 
 
 J. Chash-ka ( ) ; a warrior, armed with his lance. 
 
 c. Til-dee ( ) ; an Apachee woman. 
 
 The Apachees are a numerous and warlike tribe, number 
 ing 30,000, and reside on the Rio Ghila, and in New Mexico, 
 east of the Rocky Mountains. 1855. 
 
28 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 87. Shoshdnee (Snake). 
 
 a. Yau-nau-sliau-pix ( ) ; a celebrated warrior, wear 
 ing a handsome Crow robe, taken from a Crow chief 
 killed in battle. 
 
 &. j ISTau-en-sau-pic ( ). 
 
 c. ( On-da-wout ( ) ; two young warriors, celebrated 
 
 for their exploits. 
 
 The Shoshonee is a tribe of 12,000, west of the Rocky 
 Mountains. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 88. hosll6liee. 
 
 a. ( Oon-jes-sie ( ). 
 
 1). < Tis-sim-un-ye ( ). 
 
 c. ( Wat-e-goes-bil ( ) ; three handsome warriors, 
 
 armed and equipped for war. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 89. Flathead. 
 
 a. Hoogst-ah-a ( ) ; chief of a band, wrapped in his 
 
 blanket. 
 
 b. Lee-le ( ) ; a Flathead woman, wife of the chief, 
 
 with her infant in its crib [or cradle] undergoing the 
 process of flattening the head. 
 
 c. ( ) ; a Flathead boy, taking salmon with his har 
 poon arrows. 
 
 A numerous tribe, inhabiting the lower Columbia and Van 
 couver s Island. 
 
 Cart. No. 90. Flathead. 
 
 Ya-tax-ta-coo ( - ) ; a celebrated warrior. 
 
 5. Yun-ne-yun-ne ( ) ; a young boy, with his salmon 
 bow and harpoon arrows. 
 
 c. Las-tee ( ) ; a Flathead woman, with her infant 
 undergoing the process of flattening the head. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 91. Flathead. 
 
 a. ( - ) ; the chief of a band, at the Dalles. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 
 ; two Flathead women, wives of the chief, sel 
 ling salmon. 
 ) ; a young boy, son of the chief. 
 
 Cart. No. 92. Mezperce. 
 
 a. j Iiee-6hks-te-kin (The EabUt Skin Leggings}. 
 
 I. ( H co-a-h co-a-h coates-iniri \No horns on his head) ; two 
 
 young warriors, in Blackfoot dresses, given to them 
 
 by Sublette, a fur-trader. 
 c. Hee-doghts-e-ats ( ) ; a boy of 14 years. 
 
 A band of the great Flathead tribe, though they do not 
 flatten the head. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 93. Mayas. 
 
 a. "Wuhxt ( -- ) ; the chief of a band, with his ears 
 elongated and ornamented with large blocks of wood. 
 
 &. ( --- ) ; a Nay as woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 c. ( -- ) ; a young man, holding a handsome paddle : his 
 under lip supports an oval block of wood. 
 
 A numerous tribe on Queen Charlotte s Island and on the 
 mainland facing it. 
 
 Cart. No. 94. Mayas. 
 
 a Tsa-hau-mixen ( - ) ; said to be a secondary chief. 
 
 & Ivib-be (The Night Bird) ; a Kay as woman, the young 
 wife of the chief, wearing in her under lip an oval 
 block of wood, two and a half inches in length. 
 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 95. 
 
 a. Eeh-zep-ta-say-a ( - ) ; an aged man, said to be a 
 chief. 
 
 1. Wy-en-wy-en-ne ( - ) ; grandchild of the chief, with 
 the block of wood in her under lip. 
 
 c. ( - ) ; a ISTayas boy. 1855. 
 
30 NOETH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 96. tfytia. 
 
 a. j Stu-ben-sal-la (The Good Natured Man). 
 
 1. ( Lips-lips-ketch. ( ); two young men, equipped for 
 
 fishing. 
 
 A small tribe on the Pacific Coast, between Vancouver 
 and Queen Charlotte s. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 97. Chinook. 
 
 Haunts-crash ( ). 
 
 O-sil-le (The Swimming Stone). 
 
 Blats-quiver ( ) ; three young men, in a group. 
 
 A small tribe, a band of the Flatheads, at the mouth of 
 the Columbia River. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 98. Klah-o-qualit. 
 
 a. Loon-dogst ( ) ; one of the chiefs of the tribe ; a 
 
 celebrated and dignified man. 
 
 b. Chin-nee ( ) ; a Klahoquaht woman, wife of the 
 
 chief. 
 
 c. ( ) ; a son of the chief, his head flattened. 
 
 A small tribe, a band of the Flatheads, on the west coast 
 of Vancouver s Island. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 99. Klatsop. 
 
 a. Thule-cher-re ( ) ; a handsome young man, hold 
 ing his paddle. 
 
 5. (, ) a warrior, with his bow and arrows. 
 
 c> _ ( ) a Klatsop woman, wife of one of the warriors. 
 
 A small tribe, forming one of the bands of the Flatheads. 
 
 Cart. No. 100. Wal-law&l-la. 
 
 a> _ ( ) one of the chiefs, secondary, a distinguished 
 
 man. 
 
 I, ( ) a warrior, armed with his bow and arrows. 
 
 c< ( ) a Wall aw alia woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 A small band of the Flathead tribe, north of Columbia River. 
 
NOETH AMERICA. 31 
 
 Cart. No. 101. Y fit-tall. 
 
 a. (The Man who Thinks) , a medicine man and 
 
 orator, celebrated. 
 
 b. Yes-to-ma ~ (He guards the Pass) ; a warrior, armed and 
 equipped for war. 
 
 A warlike tribe of 5,000, living south and west of the 
 Great Salt Lake. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 102. &toiie. 
 
 a. See-de-guts ( -- ); a warrior, bis shield on bis arm, 
 
 and bow in band. 
 
 b. j - ; a stone woman, wife of the warrior. 
 
 - . a young boy. 
 
 A small tribe in British Territory. 
 
 Cart. No. 103. Copper. 
 
 a. Wun-nes-to-ye-when ( - ) ; a chief, armed with his- 
 shield and bow. 
 
 p _ ( - ) a Copper woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 A small tribe in British Territory. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 104. Spokan. 
 
 a. Sims-tow-el ( -- ) ; said to be a chief, in a handsome 
 
 dress, carrying his shield and bow. 
 
 b. Jim-jim-ten-ne ( - ) ; a celebrated warrior, with 
 
 shield and lance. 
 
 c. ( - ) ; a celebrated warrior, with his little boy. 
 
 A small tribe in British Territory. 
 
 Cart. No. 105. Athapasca. 
 
 a. Ye-h6ots-ah-a (The /Sleepy Eyes} ; chief of a band, his 
 headdress of bear s skin, and his necklace of grizzly 
 bears claws. 
 
 1). Kol-o-wos-ka ( - ) ; a warrior, armed and equipped 
 for war. 
 
3 2 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 c. Ohkst ( ) ; au Athapasca woman, wife of the 
 
 chief. 
 
 A small tribe, inhabiting British and Russian Territories. 
 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 106. Dogrib. 
 
 ~a. Gux-tcha-when ( ); a secondary chief, wearing a 
 
 collar of grizzly bears claws. 
 
 . t . . 
 
 Ct J ; two young men, names not known. 
 
 d. ( - ; child of the chief. 
 
 A small tribe, living in British and Russian possessions. 
 
 Cart. No. 107. Selill. 
 
 a. TJ-na-sits (He who complains) ; a warrior who had taken 
 five scalps. 
 
 1}. O6-na ( ) ; a young man, wearing a tunic made 
 of the skin of a grizzly bear. 
 
 , c< See-cha ( ) ; wife of the warrior. 
 
 A small band of the Flathead tribe, on the coast of the 
 Pacific, British Columbia. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 108. Cliippetvyaii. 
 
 a. Gua-be-med-gwin-ne ( ) ; a celebrated warrior and 
 
 hunter. 
 
 I. Mn-jee (The Unknown) ; a warrior, equipped for war. 
 
 c. Ha-te-qua (The Eagles Mother) ; a Chippewyan 
 woman. 
 
 A numerous and warlike tribe, living north of the K niste- 
 neux, in British possessions. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 109. Esquimaux. 
 
 a. Mole-hule-be-du-be (The .Rising Sun). 
 &. Pet-ti-au-be (The Black Day}, 
 c. ( ) ; an Esquimaux woman. 
 
 A numerous tribe, coast of Labrador. 1855. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 33 
 
 Cart. No. 110. Alaeutian. 
 
 a. Whelts-bel-le (The Snow Walker) ; a secondary chief, 
 livin near Liska. 
 
 
 . Seals-cher-re ( ) ; a celebrated warrior and hunter, 
 armed and equipped for war. 
 
 0. -- a young warror. 
 
 A small tribe, on the Alaeutian Islands. 
 
 Cart. No. ill. Na valid. 
 
 a. Bran-din-ye ( The Hard Breather) ; said to be a chief. 
 
 ; two young warriors, armed and equipped for 
 war. 
 
 A small and friendly tribe of New Mexico. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 112, Cochimtee. 
 
 a. Sthan-to ( ) ; said to be chief of a band, his head 
 dress formed of a cotton shawl, and his robe a red 
 blanket. 
 
 &. Cha-nith-co ( ); a distinguished warrior, resting 
 on his bow, and his splendid hair falling over his 
 back. 
 
 c. Mel-mel ( ) ; a Cochimtee woman, wife of the 
 
 chief. 
 
 A small tribe of Mexico, south, of the Ghila. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 113. Mohave. 
 
 a. Dunt-se-6-ho ( ); one of the chiefs of the tribe, 
 handsomely dressed. 
 
 &. - ; (The Strong Runner) \ a celebrated warrior, in 
 
 war costume. 
 
 c. Mingst ( ) ; a Mohave woman, wife of the war 
 rior. 
 
 A small tribe of Mexico, south of the Rio Ghila. . 
 3 
 
34: NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 114. Yiima. 
 
 a. ( ) ; a secondary chief, armed with his war club. 
 
 5. Jeems-fer-re ( ) ; a young warrior, with shield 
 
 and lance. 
 
 c. ( ) ; a young girl, daughter of the chief. 
 
 A very small tribe, semi-civilized, south of the Grhila. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 115. Yu-may-a. 
 
 a. ( ) ; a celebrated warrior, armed and equipped 
 
 for war. 
 
 . ( ) ; a warrior in war costume. 
 
 c. ( ) ; a celebrated orator and medicine man. 
 
 A small tribe of Mexico, north and south of the Rio Ghila. 
 
 Cart. No. 116. Maya. 
 
 a. Ma-ha-ta-nise ( ) ; a medicine man and orator. 
 
 1). Chooxt ( ) ; a hunter, armed with his bow and 
 
 arrows. 
 
 c. ( ) ; a Maya woman, wife of the hunter. 
 
 Remains of the once numerous tribe of Mayas of Yucatan. 
 These Indians are supposed by some writers to have been the 
 builders of the stupendous edifices now in ruins in Yucatan. 
 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 117. 
 
 "WA-NAH-DE-TUNK-A (The Black Dog) ; war chief of a band of 
 Sioux, living on the St. Peter s river. 
 
 Cart. No. 118. 
 
 TTJCH-EE ( ) ; a celebrated war chief of the Cherokees. 
 
 Cart. No. 119. 
 
 SEE-NON-TY-A (The Feet Blisterer) ; a celebrated medicine 
 man of the loways. 
 
 Cart. No. 120. 
 
 MU-HU-SHE-KAW (The White Cloud} , head chief of the loways. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 35 
 
 Cart. No. 121. 
 
 PAM-A-HO (The Swimmer) ; a great warrior of the Saukies. 
 
 Cart. No. 122. 
 
 EEH-HEE-A-DUHKS-CHEE-A (He Who Ties His Hair Before); 
 chief of the Crow tribe. 
 
 Cart. No. 123. 
 
 EE-AH-SA-PA (The Black Rock) ; the war chief of the Sioux. 
 
 Cart. No. 124. 
 
 DOXT-O-HO ( ) ; a Cheyenne warrior. 
 
 Cart. No. 125. 
 
 KA-BES-KUNK (He Who Travels Everywhere) ; an Ojibbeway 
 chief. 
 
 Indian Manners and Customs. 
 
 Cart. No. 126. 
 
 AN OJIBBEWAY TILLAGE, of skin tents. The western portion 
 of this tribe build their tents, like the Sioux, with 
 buffalo skins curiously painted and ornamented. 
 
 Cart. No. 127. 
 
 TILLAGE OJIBBEWAY. IsTear the fall of St. Anthony, construct 
 ed of bark. Their canoes, built of the same material, 
 are brought from the river and placed by the side of 
 their wigwams for protection. 
 
 Cart. No. 128. 
 
 A LITTLE Sioux VILLAGE. The tents constructed of skins; the 
 hunters are bringing in buffalo meat, which the 
 women are drying, whilst they are dressing buffalo 
 robes. 
 
 Cart. No. 129. 
 
 MANDAN VILLAGE (A Bird s Eye View). The wigwams, cover 
 ed with earth, are from 40 to 60 feet in diameter, and 
 often contain from 30 to 40 persons. The village is 
 protected on one side by the precipitous bank of the 
 Missouri river, and on the other by palisades, and is 
 1,800 miles above St. Louis. 
 
36 
 
 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 130. 
 
 MANDAN VILLAGE (A Distant View). NTear by it is seen the- 
 American Fur Company s trading fort. 
 
 Cart. No. 131. 
 
 MANDAN TILLAGE. View of the Missouri above the village, 
 whilst the women and children are bathing their 
 daily amusement during the summer season. 
 
 Cart. No. 132. 
 
 INTERIOR OF A MANDAN WIGWAM. The chief is smoking his 
 pipe whilst he is surrounded by his family. 
 
 Cart. No. 133. 
 
 THE AUTHOR FEASTED in the wigwam of Mah-to-toh-pa, the 
 war chief of the Mandans ; dining on a roast rib of 
 buffalo and pemican. The chief, by the polite 
 custom of the country, never eats with his invited 
 guest, but sits by him, waiting upon him, and 
 cleaning and charging the pipe for a sociable smoke 
 after the feast is over. 
 
 Cart. No. 134. 
 
 MANDAN VILLAGE. A back view, showing their cemetery. 
 The dead of the Mandans are enveloped in a number 
 of buffalo skins tightly bandaged with rawhide 
 thongs, and placed on slight scaffolds, where they 
 remain until the scaffolds fall, when the bones of 
 the heads are placed in circles on the ground, where 
 the women, relatives of the dead, daily bring dishes 
 of meat and place by the side of them. 
 
 Cart. No. 135. 
 
 RICCARREE VILLAGE. 200 miles below the Mandans, on the 
 same bank of the Missouri ; their wigwams built in 
 the same manner as those of the Mandans, and pro 
 tected by a stockade, in the same way. 
 
 Cart. No. 136. 
 
 MINATARREE VILLAGE. 7 miles above the Mandans, on the 
 bank of the Knife River, and the wigwams, like 
 those *of the Mandans, covered with earth. The 
 author and his two men, crossing the Knife River in 
 a skin canoe, are followed by bathing women, who 
 are begging for beads and other presents. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 37 
 
 Cart. No. 137. 
 
 CAMANCHEE VILLAGE. On the Red River, in Texas, formed of 
 1,200 skin tents, curiously painted and embroidered. 
 
 Cart. No. 138. 
 
 SHAM FIGHT OF THE CAMANCHEES. Ordered by the chief of a 
 
 small village, to show to the author the mode of 
 
 combat by his warriors. 
 
 Cart. No. 139. 
 
 CHEYENNE TILLAGE. Formed of skin tents, like those of the 
 Sioux. 
 
 Cart. No. 140. 
 
 PAUNEEPICT VILLAGE. On the Red river, in western Texas. 
 The wigwams are constructed with poles fixed in the 
 ground, and covered with long prairie grass, resem 
 bling, in the distance, straw bee hives ; vast fields 
 of corn and melons encompassed the village. 
 
 Cart. No. 141. 
 
 BUFFALOES (bulls and cows) grazing in the prairie. 
 
 Cart. No. 142. 
 
 WILD HORSES at play in the prairies of the Platte. 
 
 Cart. No. 143. 
 
 CATCHING WILD HORSES with the lasso. Pawnee Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 144. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE. The Indian, having captured a wild horse, 
 uses it for the support of his family. 
 
 Cart. No. 145. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE. A numerous group of Sioux Indians, with 
 bows and lances, are pursuing a herd of buffaloes. 
 
 Cart. No. 146. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE (with accidents). This scene, which was wit 
 nessed by the author, shows that the fretted buffaloes 
 often turn upon their assailants and give them furious 
 battle. 
 
 Cart. No. 147. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE (in the snow drifts). The Ojibbeway Indians 
 pursuing the herds on snow shoes. 
 
38 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 148. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE. The author and a Sioux Indian, hidden un 
 der wolf skin masks, approaching a herd of buffaloes. 
 
 Cart No. 149. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE. The author and his Indian companion at 
 tacking the herd. 
 
 Cart. No. 150. 
 
 APPROACHING BUFFALOES. By the author and his two com 
 panions, in a ravine, whilst descending the Missouri, 
 
 in 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 151. 
 
 AN INTERRUPTED BREAKFAST (on the bank of the Missouri), 
 The author and his two companions. 
 
 Cart. No. 152. 
 
 A BUFFALO WALLOW. In hot weather, in marshy ground, 
 the leader of a herd opens a hole in the ground with 
 his horns, into which the water flows. Into this he 
 plunges, and whirling his huge carcass about in it, 
 like a " pig in the mire," drills it to a large size, and, 
 having cooled himself, and walked out covered with 
 mud, the rest of the herd go through in the same 
 manner, leaving a huge circular pool, into which 
 vegetable matter eventually fills, and throwing up a 
 rank growth of grass, produces what have been 
 called u Fairy Circles." 
 
 Cart. No. 153. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE. It is here seen that the buffalo chase 
 becomes very dangerous when the calves are young, 
 the male at that time always in attendance for their 
 protection. 
 
 Cart. No. 154. 
 
 BULLS FIGHTING. During the season of rut, the battles of 
 these animals are continued and terrible. 
 
 Cart. No. 155. 
 
 GRIZZLY BEARS. K nisteneux Indians attacking two grizzly 
 bears, near the mouth of the Yellowstone river, in 
 1832. One of these huge animals was killed, and 
 its skin is now in the author s collections. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 39 
 
 Cart. No. 156. 
 
 AMUSING DANCE (by the Saukie Indians). This dance is often 
 
 given before strangers for their amusement, and with 
 
 the view of obtaining presents. 
 
 Cart. No. 157. 
 
 AMUSING DANCE (by the Sioux). Improperly called the " Beg 
 gar s Dance," though evidently offered to strangers 
 with the expectation of obtaining presents. 
 
 Cart. No. 158. 
 
 SLAVES DANCE (Saukie). The Society of " Slaves," always 
 existing in this tribe, is composed of eight or ten 
 young men of the first families, who volunteer to be 
 slaves to the chief, to protect him, and to perform all 
 that he commands. They associate for a certain 
 number of years, after which they are exempt, for the 
 remainder of their lives, from all slavish or menial 
 duties, both in war or in times of peace. They 
 elect one of their number for their master, who 
 orders the dance and other services. 
 
 Cart. No. 159. 
 
 PIPE DANCE (Assinneboin). A peculiar and amusing recrea 
 tion of that tribe. 
 
 Cart. No . 160. 
 
 DANCE TO THE MEDICINE BAG OF THE BRAVE (Saukie). On the 
 return of a victorious war party, they perform this 
 dance and brandish their scalps, in front of the wig 
 wam of one of the party who has been killed in 
 battle. The widow of the deceased warrior erects, 
 on a green bush, his medicine bag, and sits under 
 neath it and cries, whilst the warriors dance and 
 sing, and recite the brave deeds of his life, and 
 throw presents to the widow, exclaiming in presence 
 of the whole village, that they will protect and 
 support her while she lives. (What barbarity !) 
 
 Cart. No. 161. 
 
 EAGLE DANCE (Choctaw). An annual ceremony in honor to 
 the war eagle. Each dancer carries a fan, made of 
 the eagle s tail, and ornaments his head with an 
 eagle s quill. 
 
 Cart. No. 162. 
 
 DANCE TO THE BERDASH (SauMe). A dance peculiar to that 
 tribe, given annually to the " Berdash," a singular 
 
40 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 personage clothed in woman s attire, for reasons not 
 permitted to be explained here. The dancers par 
 take of a feast after the dance. 
 
 Cart. No. 163. 
 
 Sioux WARRIORS RECONNOITERING an Ojibbeway village, on 
 the shore of Lake Calhoun. 
 
 Cart. No. 164. 
 
 CHIEFS DANCE. This dance was given in compliment to the 
 author, by the venerable chiefs of a Sioux village, 
 who had ceased dancing for many years. 
 
 Cart. No. 165. 
 
 BEAR DANCE (K nistenewv). The "Bear Society," formed of 
 young men who assemble in the village and dance 
 and sing to the " Bear Spirit," for the safety and 
 success of the hunters who start in pursuit of a 
 lurking Grizzly Bear. When the hunters return 
 successful, the society demand of the hunter a grand 
 feast, and the feast being prepared, this grotesque 
 dance is given. 
 
 Cart. No. 166. 
 
 SCALP DAN.CE (Sioux). This dance is performed on fifteen 
 successive nights by a war party returning from battle 
 with scalps ; it is danced only by those who have 
 brought scalps, and these trophies are elevated by 
 young girls who occupy the center of the dance. 
 By this exciting exhibition in presence of the whole 
 village, the exploits of their warriors, who have no 
 newspapers or records, are efficiently published and 
 recorded. 
 
 Cart. No. 167. 
 
 DISCOVERY DANCE (Scuukie). This is one of the most curious 
 and picturesque dances to be seen, and is given 
 without music strictly a pantomime. Spies are 
 seen, dancing out and announcing, by signals, the 
 pretended approach of enemies or buffaloes. 
 
 Cart. No. 168. 
 
 GREEN CORN DANCE (Minatarrees) . When the maize arrives 
 at full growth, the first gathered is offered to the 
 Great Spirit. The warriors dance around the first 
 kettlefnl whilst it is boiling, and, when done, it is 
 burned to cinders, as an offering to the Great Spirit. 
 Another kettleful is then boiled, on which the 
 dancers feast, and, after that, the whole tribe join in 
 the grand festival of " Green Corn." 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 41 
 
 Cart. No. 169. 
 
 SNOW SHOE DANCE (Ojibbeway). This picturesque dance is 
 given by the hunters, with songs of thanks to the 
 Great Spirit, when the first snow of winter falls, 
 which is to improve their hunting. 
 
 Cart. No. 170. 
 
 DOG DANCE (Sioux). A singular custom peculiar to the Sioux 
 tribe. For this a dog is killed, and the heart being 
 taken out, it is cut into hanging bits, suspended 
 from a stake. To enter the dance, each dancer makes 
 his boast that in this way he has swallowed a bit of 
 the heart of an enemy killed in battle. No one de 
 nying it, he dances up to the stake, and, biting off a 
 piece of the heart and swallowing it, he enters the 
 dance. 
 
 Cart. No. 171. 
 
 BUFFALO DANCE (Mandari). "When the buffaloes disappear, and 
 the Mandans have fears of starvation, the medicine 
 men of the tribe order the commencement of this 
 singular dance, to " make the buffaloes come," in 
 which it has never been known to fail, for once being 
 commenced, it is not allowed to stop, either night or 
 day, until buffalo herds are discovered by the hunt 
 ers in the vicinity of the village. 
 
 Cart. No. 172. 
 
 PAWNEE WARRIOR SACRIFICING his favorite horse to the Great 
 Spirit ; Tappage Pawnee village, 1832. This singu 
 lar scene transpired in presence of the whole vil 
 lage, and, during the same day, this young man sacri 
 ficed, in the same manner, seventeen horses, for some 
 offense to the Great Spirit, of the nature of which 
 no one but himself and the Great Spirit were ever 
 cognizant. 
 
 (Authority, Maj. Sanford, then Indian Agent for the Upper 
 Missouri.) 
 
 Cart. No. 173. 
 
 GAME OF TCHTJNGKEE (Mandari). An exciting and gambling 
 game of the Mandans. 
 
 Cart. No. 174. 
 
 GAME OF THE ARROW (Mandari). A very exciting game of the 
 young men of the Mandan tribe, in which the strife 
 is to decide who can get the greatest number of ar- 
 
42 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 rows, from the same bow, flying in the air at the 
 same time. Each player pays an entrance fee, and 
 in some instances they have been known to get ten 
 arrows up before the first thrown gets to the ground. 
 The stakes go to him who counts the greatest num 
 ber in the air at the same time. 
 
 Cart. No. 175. 
 
 BALL-PLAY DANCE (Choctaw). This singular dance is per 
 formed at intervals during the night previous to the 
 ball-play, by the players, who are, during the night, 
 in their ball-play dress. Each party dances around 
 their respective byes, and the wives of the players, 
 who have their goods at stake, dance between their 
 ranks. 
 
 Cart. No. 176. 
 
 BALL-PLAY (Choctaw). The author was present when 300 
 young men were engaged in this exciting play. For 
 this play, which is the favorite play of most of the 
 tribes, the feet are naked, and the figure also, with 
 the exception of a cincture, to which is appended a 
 tail, of white horse hair, with one party, and of 
 quills and feathers, with the other party. This des 
 perate game lasted from sunrise in the morning until 
 near sundown, without halting more than for a min 
 ute or two at a time. 
 
 Cart. No. 177. 
 
 BALL-PLAY OF THE WOMEN (Sioux). The author witnessed 
 this exciting strife at Prairie du Chien, in 1834, 
 when the Sioux had assembled to receive their an 
 nuity from the government. The chiefs, after hav 
 ing received their annuities and annual presents, 
 arranged a great quantity of calicoes, ribbons, and 
 other presents on a frame erected for the purpose, 
 and for which the women, divided into two parties, 
 played, to the great amusement of the men, who 
 were enjoying their bottles of whiskey. 
 
 Cart. No. 178. 
 
 ARCHERY OF THE APACHEES. In crossing the mountains from 
 St. Diego to Santa Fe, in 1855, the author witnessed 
 this exciting scene. Excellency in archery with 
 mounted Indians consists in the rapidity with which 
 the arrows can be put upon the string and got off, 
 and the accuracy of aim, whilst their horses are at 
 full speed for in this way their enemies and their 
 game are killed. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 43 
 
 Cart. No. 179. 
 
 HORSE-BACING (Minatarrees). Horse-racing is a favorite 
 
 amusement with most of the tribes, and is much the 
 
 same as racing in the civilized world. 
 
 Cart. No. 180. 
 
 AN INDIAN COUNCIL. "While an Indian speaks in council, the 
 rest are seated with their heads lowered, and no one 
 is allowed to rise or to speak. (How barbarous !) 
 
 Cart. No. 181. 
 
 AN INDIAN TREATY (Sioux and Saukies). All the American 
 tribes, at the end of a war, regulate their affairs by 
 a treaty. The chiefs and warriors of the two 
 tribes are seated in two semi-circles facing each 
 other, with their respective calumets resting on 
 little crotches, ready to be smoked when the treaty 
 stipulations are agreed upon ; then they are in turn 
 carried and held to each chief and each warrior, who 
 draws one whiff through the "sacred stem," as the 
 mode of solemnizing the treaty, equivalent to u sign 
 ing a treaty." 
 
 Cart. No. 182. 
 
 A FOOT "WAR PARTY IN COUNCIL (Mandari). Met by the 
 
 author whilst descending the Missouri river, in 
 
 1832, in a canoe. 
 
 Cart. No. 183. 
 
 VAPOUR BATH (Minatarree). Most of the Indian tribes prac 
 tice vapour bathing, both for various indispositions 
 and as matter of luxury. The patient sits in a 
 crouching position in his willow basket, whilst 
 water is thrown upon heated stones placed under 
 neath him, and, in the highest state of perspiration, 
 plunges head foremost into the river, at all seasons 
 of the year. 
 
 Cart. No. 184. 
 
 AN INDIAN DOCTOR (Medicine Man) of the Mandans, en 
 deavoring to cure his dying patient by charms 
 dancing and singing over him, and shaking his 
 medicine rattles, whilst the relatives and friends of 
 the patient are crying and howling, with their 
 hands over their mouths, endeavoring to assist the 
 sorcerer in his incantations. For this dernier effort, 
 the doctor has his patient taken out of his wigwam, 
 and placed in the open air, on the ground. 
 
4:4: NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No, 185. 
 
 A BLACKFOOT DOCTOR, in his mystery dress, endeavoring to 
 cure his dying patient by hocus-pocus and incanta- 
 tations. The author was witness to this scene in the 
 American Fur Company s fort, at the mouth of the 
 Yellow Stone, in 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 186. 
 
 RAIN MAKING (Mandan). The author witnessed this singular 
 and burlesque ceremony in the Mandan village, in. 
 1832. From excessive drought, the women begin to 
 cry ; their maize and vines are withering up, when 
 the doctors order the young men to commence this 
 ceremony, of summoning the clouds and command 
 ing it to rain, and they always succeed, for the 
 ceremony never ceases, night or day, until rain be 
 gins to fall. 
 
 Cart. No. 187. 
 
 " LOOKING AT THE SUN." This Indian, desiring to obtain the en 
 viable title of " Medicine" or Doctor, undertakes in 
 presence of the whole village, to look at the sun 
 from its rising until it goes down, suspended as seen 
 in the illustration, without changing his position. 
 If he succeeds, he is regarded by the whole tribe as 
 great " Medicine " (Mystery) ; but if he faints and 
 falls, he is hissed by the multitude, and never can 
 pretend to u Medicine " afterwards. 
 
 This scene was witnessed by the author in the great Sioux 
 village, on the Missouri, in 1832, and a perfect success was at 
 tended with unbounded applause. 
 
 Cart. No. 188. 
 
 " SMOKING THE SHIELD" (Camanchee). "When a young Ca- 
 manchee aspires to the title of Warrior, it is neces 
 sary to have a shield. For this, which is made of 
 the buffalo s hide, it is necessary to kill the animal 
 himself; and this done, he invites the warriors, who 
 all assemble to witness the smoking of his shield. 
 They dance around it whilst it is being smoked (or 
 " roasted "), to ensure its hardness, and its proof 
 against arrows and other weapons. This done, he 
 can go on war parties, and riot before. 
 
 Cart. No. 189. 
 
 A DOG FEAST (8ioux). This feast was offered by the Sioux 
 chiefs of the Upper Missouri, in 1832, to Mr. San- 
 ford (the Indian agent), Pierre Choteau, K. Me- 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 46 
 
 Kenzie, and the author. The greatest pledge of 
 respect and friendship which the Indians can give 
 to strangers in their country is given in the "Dog 
 Feast," in which the flesh of their favorite dogs must 
 necessarily be served. 
 
 Cart. No. 190. 
 
 COLONEL DODGE, in command of a regiment of dragoons, ap 
 proaching a war party of Camanchees, in Western 
 Texas, in 1836. The author was present at the in 
 terview, and made his sketch from nature. 
 
 Cart. No. 191. 
 
 THE AUTHOR PAINTING the portrait of Mah-to-toh-pa, the war 
 chief of the Mandans, in 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 192. 
 
 GATHERING WILD RICE, on the Fox river, Wisconsin, by the 
 Winnebago Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 193. 
 
 Sioux MOVING. Their tents, folded and packed upon the tent 
 poles, are transported by the horses and dogs. 
 
 Cart. No. 194. 
 
 CAMANCHEES MOVING. Their village of skin tents being moved, 
 
 with all their goods and chattels, and a dog tight in 
 
 its midst. 
 
 Cart. No. 195. 
 
 A CHEYENNE WARRIOR, resting and baiting his horse. 
 
 Cart. No. 196. 
 
 CAMANCHKE HORSEMANSHIP. -.Warriors showing their mode of 
 dropping upon the sides of their horses, protected 
 from their enemies weapons in time of war. 
 
 Cart. No. 197. 
 
 A LONG SPEECH. It is a custom amongst all the American 
 Indians, in council, to remain seated while an orator 
 speaks. A conceited medicine man of the loways 
 took this humorous mode <>f describing a long speech 
 that he once made: "Most unfortunately for the 
 eleven loway chiefs seated in council, the moment 
 I began to speak, it began to snow." 
 
 Cart. No. 198. 
 
 AN ASSINNKBOIN LUNCH interrupted by the approach of fire 
 in the prairie. 
 
46 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 199. 
 
 PRIMITIVE SAILING, by the Winnebago Indians, upper Mis 
 sissippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 200. 
 
 CATCHING WHITE FISH (Ojibbeway Indians), in the rapids of 
 the Sault St. Marie outlet of Lake Superior. 
 
 Cart. No. 201. 
 
 FORT PIERRE. A trading post of the American Fur Company, 
 at the mouth of Little Missouri, upper Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 202. 
 
 PRAIRIE DOG TILLAGE. A species of marmot, bearing no re 
 semblance to dogs, excepting in their barking. 
 
 Cart. No. 203. 
 
 THE AUTHOR S BIVOUAC, on the prairie of the Platte. 
 
 Cart. No. 204. 
 
 A BROTHER S SCALP. A war chief of the Cheyennes invites a 
 Sioux warrior to his village to see the scalp of his 
 (the warrior s) brother, killed in single combat. 
 After examining and recognizing the scalp, the 
 Sioux warrior is invited out of the tent, where the 
 wife of the chief is painting the battle on the chief s 
 robe. 
 
 The author was present at this singular interview in 1834. 
 
 Cart. No. 205. 
 
 SMOKING HORSES. The Saukies and Foxes, neighboring tribes, 
 observe a singular custom between them, which they 
 call "smoking horses." When a certain number of 
 Saukies are anxious to join a war party, and have no 
 horses for the expedition, they go to the Fox village, 
 and seating themselves in a circle on the prairie, and 
 near the village, commence smoking. The object of 
 their visit being understood by the Foxes, an equal 
 number of young men, resolving to give their horses, 
 mount them, and with long whips in their hands, 
 gallop about the smoking group, until one by one 
 they select the one to whom they decide to present 
 their horse, and passing by him at full speed, lash 
 him over the naked shoulders, and coming around and 
 passing him again while he is yet smoking. If the 
 blood is trickling down from his shoulders, the rider 
 dismounts, and placing the bridle of his horse in his 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 hand, says to him, " You poor beggar, I give you 
 the best*horse in the Fox village but recollect, you 
 are my man you have my mark on your back." 
 When all the horses are presented, and the begging 
 party are mounted by the same process, they return 
 home and join the war excursion. 
 
 -Oart. No. 206. 
 
 FORT UNION. The American Fur Company s trading post, at 
 the mouth of the Yellow Stone river, 2,000 miles 
 above St. Louis. Blackfoot and K nisteneux Indians 
 encamped around it, in 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 207. 
 
 MAKING FLINT ARROW-HEADS (Apachees). The boulders of 
 flint are broken by a sort of hammer of hornstone, 
 fixed in a withe. The flakes, which will serve as 
 the basis for arrow-heads, are passed to two other 
 operators who work them into the forms required 
 by chopping on the palm of the hand, whilst a 
 choir of young females chant in time with their own 
 song and the blows of their hammers. 
 
 Cart. No. 208. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF A Sioux ROBE. Curiously painted and orna 
 mented with porcupine quills stitched on. 
 
 Cart. No. 209. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF AN OMAHA KOBE. Handsomely painted and gar 
 nished with porcupine quill embroidery. 
 
 Cart. No. 210. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF A CHEYENNE ROBE. The designs representing 
 the attack and defence of a Cheyenne village. 
 
 Cart. No. 211. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF A MANDAN ROBE. Ornamented with a figure of 
 the sun painted on it. 
 
 Cart. No. 212. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF A Sioux ROBE, representing combats. The, 
 
 vigor and action with which these figures are drawn 
 
 show a native talent for art, whiclTdeserved to be 
 
 encouraged. 
 
 The reader is reminded that the figures on these robes are 
 
 exactly reduced by a perfect camera, from the robes in my 
 
 collection. 
 
4:8 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 213. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF AN ASSINNEBOIN ROBE. Representing a great 
 calumet and the battles fought by its possessor. 
 
 Cart. No. 214. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF A PAWNEE DOCTOR S ROBE, with fantastic 
 professional designs upon it. 
 
 Cart. No. 215. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF A PAWNEE DOCTOR S ROBE. The possessor of 
 the robe giving liberty to his favorite horse, whilst 
 he is followed in procession by other doctors. 
 
 Cart. No. 216. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF THE ROBE OF MOHTOTOHPA, the war chief of 
 the Mandans. The fourteen successful battles of this 
 famous warrior painted on it. 
 
 Cart. No. 217. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF AN OMAHA ROBE. Given to the author by the 
 Indian artist who made it. The subject is the 
 history of a transaction to which the Indian was 
 an eye-witness a few months before. 
 
 Cart. No. 218. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF THE FOUR MEN S ROBE. Belonging to a famous 
 
 chief called " The Four Men," and showing all 
 
 his battles. 
 
 Cart. No. 219. 
 
 FAC-SIMILE OF AN OJIBBEWAY ROBE. Representing a collection 
 of Indian totems, (signatures). 
 
 Cart. No. 220. 
 
 COLLECTION OF PIPES. Showing the progress in their fabrica 
 tion and ornamentation since the first pipes made 
 of stalactites to the present day. 
 
 Cart. No. 221. 
 
 COLLECTION OF PIPES, ancient and modern, in various kinds 
 of stone. 
 
 Cart. No. 222. 
 
 SUPERB PIPE BOWLS OF THE Sioux AND PAWNEES, carved in 
 the red pipe stone. 
 
 Cart. No. 223. 
 
 PIPE BOWLS OF THE PAWNEES, in red pipe stone. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 49 
 
 Cart. No. 224. 
 
 CALUMETS Sioux ( Pipes of Peace ). 
 
 Cart. No. 225. 
 
 PIPE STEMS, Sioux, richly ornamented with porcupine quills. 
 
 Cart. No. 226. 
 
 PIPE STEMS, Sioux, OJIBBEWAYS, and Pawnees. 
 
 Cart. No. 227. 
 
 PIPE STEMS, CHEYENNE. 
 
 Cart. No. 228. 
 
 SPLENDID PIPE, OF " BLACK MOCASIN," chief of the Mina- 
 tarrees. 
 
 Cart. No. 229. 
 
 PIPES OF THE Sioux AND PAWNEES, carved in red pipe stone. 
 
 Cart. No. 230. 
 
 MANDAN PIPES, the bowls in burnt clay. 
 
 Cart. No. 231. 
 
 NAYAS PIPES, the forms bizarre, carved in poi> stone. 
 
 Cart. No. 232. 
 
 BLACK HAWK AND THE PROPHET, demanding of Keeokuk, 
 warriors to assist in the Black Hawk war, in 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 233. 
 
 SAULT DE ST. MARIE, outlet of Lake Superior. Indians, 
 Ojibbeways, in their bark canoes, in the rapids, are 
 taking white fish, which resemble salmon : equally 
 delicious though not so large. 
 
 Cart. No. 234. 
 
 A CROW CHIEF AT HIS TOILETTE, oiling his long hair with 
 bear s grease which his wife is pouring from a skin 
 bottle. Many men of that tribe have splendid hair, 
 even training on the ground, whilst their wives are 
 obliged to crop their own hair close to their heads. 
 
 Cart. No. 235. 
 
 SALMON SPEARING (Ottawas) ; by torchlight, on Lake Huron, 
 
 Cart. No. 236. 
 
 BIVOUAC OF A Sioux WAR PARTY, at sunrise, on the borders of 
 the Platte Kiver. 1834. 
 
50 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 237. 
 
 GROW WARRIORS BATHING in the Yellow Stone River, and 
 
 drying their limbs and their long hair in the sun. 
 
 The war paint with which their bodies and limbs are 
 
 ornamented is not removed by the water, but will 
 
 not bear wiping. 
 
 Cart. No. 238. 
 
 AN INDIAN ENCAMPMENT, at sunset, on the Neosho. 
 Cart. No. 239. 
 
 YIEW OF " PIKE S TENT," the most elevated bluff on the 
 Mississippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 240. 
 
 FALL OF ST. ANTHONY, upper Mississippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 241. 
 
 " CORNICE ROCKS," western bank of upper Mississippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 242. 
 
 CURIOUS GRASSY BLUFFS, St. Peter s River. 
 
 Cart. No. 243. 
 
 YIEW ON LOWER. MISSISSIPPI. The river is filled with islands r 
 and its shores, formed by deep alluvions, are fre 
 quently falling in, and carrying with them the heavy 
 cottonwood timbers, which form raft and snags, im 
 peding the navigation. 
 
 Cart. No. 244. 
 
 YIEW IN THE " GRAND DETOUR," upper Missouri. These bluffs, 
 formed of clay of various colors, are traversed by a 
 bed of lignite, near the water s surface. 
 
 Cart. No. 245. 
 
 FALLS OF SNAKE RIVER, west of the Rocky Mountains. 
 
 Cart. No. 246. 
 
 GRASSY BLUFFS, upper Missouri, 1,200 miles above St. Louis, 
 
 Cart. No. 247. 
 
 " GRAND DETOUR," upper Missouri ; showing the high " Table 
 
 land " in the distance ; a singular and interesting 
 
 geological feature. 
 
 Cart. No. 248. 
 
 THE " BRICKKILNS," upper Missouri; bluffs constituted of clay, 
 
 and covered with 10 or 15 feet in thickness of pumice 
 
 stone. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 51 
 
 Cart. No. 249. 
 
 MASQUERADE BY TORCHLIGHT, by the Nay as Indians, Queen 
 Charlotte s Inlet, on the Pacific Coast. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 250. 
 
 BIVOUAC OF THE AUTHOR, in the prairies of the Neosho, in 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 251. 
 
 PRAIEIE MEADOWS BURNING, on the bank of the upper Missouri, 
 
 the buffaloes and white wolves escaping from the 
 
 names. 
 
 Cart. No. 252. 
 
 CANADIAN MOOSE, male and female, the largest animal now 
 existing in America. 
 
 Cart. No. 253. 
 
 CHASE OF THE MOOSE ; the Indians running on snow shoes. 
 
 Cart. No. 254. 
 
 DEATH OF THE MOOSE, killed by the Indian s lance. 
 Cart. No. 255. 
 
 AMERICAN ELK ( Wapiti), male and female. 
 Cart. No. 256. 
 
 SHOOTING PAROQUETS in Texas ; the author and his two men. 
 The flesh of these little birds is excellent food. 
 
 Cart. No. 257. 
 
 THE AUTHOR AND Sioux INDIANS CHASING BUFFALOES, upper 
 Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 258. 
 
 BUFFALOES CROSSING THE MISSOURI, and falling in an avalanche 
 caused by their great weight. 
 
 Cart. No. 259. 
 
 BUFFALO HERD CROSSING THE MISSOURI on the ice, in 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 260. 
 
 THE AUTHOR AND HIS TWO COMPANIONS shooting buffaloes in a 
 ravine, upper Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 261. 
 
 AMERICAN DEER, in their " red coat," of the summer. 
 
 Cart. No. 262. 
 
 AMERICAN DEER, in their "blue coat," in the fall. 
 
52 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 263. 
 
 BUFFALO LANCING in the snow drifts, by Sioux Indians, upper 
 
 Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 264. 
 
 ANTELOPE SHOOTING by the Assinneboine Indians, who decoy 
 them up with a red flag. The antelopes appear fas 
 cinated by that object, and are easily killed. 
 
 Cart. No. 265. 
 
 THE MAID OF THE DISMAL SWAMP. 
 
 " And all the night long, 
 Guided by the firefly torch, 
 
 She paddles her light canoe." MOORE. 
 
 Cart. No. 266. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE, Sioux Indians, upper Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 267. 
 
 SALMON SPEARING, Ojibbeways, upper Canada. 
 
 Cart. No. 268. 
 
 DEER HUNTING BY TORCHLIGHT, Ojibbeways. 
 
 Cart. No. 269. 
 
 DEER HUNTING BY TORCHLIGHT AND LIGHT OF THE MOON, 
 Ojibbeways. 
 
 Cart. No. 270. 
 
 BUFFALOES ATTACKED BY GRIZZLY BEARS in their winter 
 retreat. 
 
 Cart. No. 271. 
 
 VAPOUR BATHS of the Pawnees. In the highest state of per 
 spiration the Pawnee Indian leaves his sudatory and 
 plunges head foremost into the river, in the coldest 
 weather of winter. 
 
 Cart. No. 272. 
 
 SALMON SPEARING by torchlight, on Lake Huron, Ojibbeways. 
 
 Cart. No. 273. 
 
 THE SCALPER SCALPED, Pawnees and Cheyennes, at the mouth 
 of Eiver Platte. 1832. A fact in history. 
 
 Cart. No. 274. 
 
 BATTLE between the Jiccarilla Apachees and Camanchees. 
 1836. 
 
NORTH AMERICAN. 53 
 
 Cart. No. 275. 
 
 WAR DANCE OF THE APACHEES, a war party preparing to march 
 against the Navahos. 1855. 
 
 D 
 
 Cart. No. 276. 
 
 NAYAS VILLAGE, on the Pacific Coast at sunset. The Indians 
 bathing in the ocean. 
 
 Cart. No. 277. 
 
 AN APACHEE TILLAGE, near the Ghila, at sunset. 1855. 
 Cart. No. 278. 
 
 AN APACHEE VILLAGE, on Lake Ahrocum, at sunset. 1855. 
 Cart. No. 279. 
 
 A CROW VILLAGE, of skin tents, on Salmon River, west of the 
 Rocky Mountains. 
 
 Cart. No. 280. 
 
 SUN SETTING, Queen Charlotte s Inlet, Pacific Coast. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 281. 
 
 APPROACHING BUFFALOES, Pawnee Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 282. 
 
 THE AUTHOR AND HIS HORSE " CHARLEY," in their bivouac at 
 
 sunrising, on the Kickapoo Prairie, in 1836. The 
 
 author traversed the 550 miles from Fort Gibson to 
 ^ St. Louis, without a road, having no company but 
 
 his faithful horse, Charley. (See narrative in "Life 
 
 Among the Indians." Appleton). 
 
 Cart. No. 283. 
 
 ENCAMPMENT OF PAWNEE INDIANS, at sunset, on the Platte 
 River. 1833. 
 
 Cart. No. 284. 
 
 SALMON RIVER MOUNTAINS, west of the Rocky Mountains. 
 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 285. 
 
 AN INDIAN BATTLE, Kiowas and Camanches, sources of Arkan- 
 saw. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 286. 
 
 DEFILE OF A CAMANCHEE WAR PARTY. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 287. 
 
 " PAINT ME," said Eltono, a famous Apachee warrior, (having 
 thrown his entire costume and weapons into the 
 hands of his three wives, and presented himself in his 
 war paint), " my dress can always be seen." 
 
54 NOETH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 288. 
 
 THE AUTHOR S SECOND " COUP," on the upper Missouri. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 289. 
 
 NISHNABOTANA BLUFFS and prairies, upper Missouri. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 290. 
 
 " OUT OF SIGHT OF LAND," on the great Buffalo Prairies, north 
 of the Platte. 
 
 Cart. No. 291. 
 
 CAMANCHEES LANCING A BUFFALO BULL. 
 
 Cart. No. 292. 
 
 WOUNDED BUFFALO BULL, Platte. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 293. 
 
 DYING BUFFALO BULL, Yellow Stone Eiver. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 294. 
 
 VIEW OF CHICAGO in 1834. The author sketching a party of 
 "Winnebago Indians dancing on the ground on which 
 the city now stands. At that date there were no 
 houses on the north side of the river, where the prin 
 cipal part of the city has been built, and but three, 
 on the south side. 
 
 Cart. No. 295. 
 
 Sioux WAEBIORS ENCAMPING, alarmed at the shadow o f an ap 
 proaching war party. * 
 
 Cart. No. 296. 
 
 BAND OF ELKS CROSSING THE MISSOURI. 1832. 
 
 TEXANS AND CADDOE INDIANS chasing buffaloes, Western Texas. 
 
 Cart. No. 297. 
 
 EUCHEE INDIANS CATCHING EEDFISH, on the sands of Santa 
 Kosa Island, Florida. 1837. 
 
 Cart. No. 298. 
 
 DESIGN FOE A MONUMENT proposed to be built on the shore of 
 
 the Platte, to the memory of the American Fur 
 
 Company. 
 
 Cart. No. 299. 
 
 AFTEE THE BUFFALO CHASE. Sioux Indians, upper Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 300. 
 
 CAMANCHEE WAE PARTY on the march, upper Arkansaw. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 300. 
 
 THE AUTHOE AND HIS HOESE " CHAELEY," encamping at sunset, 
 on the Great Osage river. 1836. (See the account of 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 55 
 
 this voyage of the author, from Fort Gibson to St. 
 Louis, 550 miles over the prairies, without seeing 
 a white man s house. "Life Amongst the Indians^ 
 Appleton.) 
 
 Cart. No. 301. 
 
 A Sioux VILLAGE, upper Missouri. Tents of buffalo skins. 
 
 Cart. No. 302. 
 
 A SAVAGE SCENE, witnessed by the author in Western Texas, 
 in 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 303. 
 
 AN OSAGE INDIAN pursuing a Camanchee. Arkansaw. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 304. 
 
 " COTEATJ DES PRAIRIES," a superb view, west of the upper 
 St. Peter s river. 
 
 Cart. No. 305. 
 
 A CHEYENNE TILLAGE on the "Cannon-ball river," at sunset. 
 Upper Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 306. 
 
 NISHNABOTANA BLUFFS, on the Nishnabotana river, upper 
 Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 307. 
 
 HALSEY S BLUFF. Sioux Indians on the march. 1832. 
 Cart. No. 308. 
 
 AMERICAN PASTURAGE. Prairies of the Platte. Buffaloes 
 grazing. 
 
 Cart. No. 309. 
 
 LOST ON THE PRAIRIE. The author and his two men. " See, 
 comrades, here is the old moccasin that I throwed off 
 last night ! We are now at the point where we started 
 this morning ; we have walked the whole of this 
 day in a circle. We must sleep again here, and 
 maybe the sun will shine to-morrow." (See "Life 
 Amongst the Indians." Appleton.) 
 
 Cart. No. 310. 
 
 " LOOK, FELLOWS ! THERE S GAME." A party of young Eng 
 lishmen in search of buffaloes. Prairies of the 
 Platte. 1834. 
 
 Cart. No. 311. 
 
 YIEW ON LOWER MISSISSIPPI. The deep alluvial banks under 
 mining and falling in, with their heavy cottonwood 
 trees and cane brakes. 
 
56 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 312. 
 
 " CEDAR BLUFFS." Upper Missouri. 1832, 
 Cart. No. 313. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE by Pawnee Indians, in the prairies of the 
 Platte. 
 
 Cart. No. 314. 
 
 " THE TROTTING PHANTOM," pursued by Pawnee Indians, 
 north of the Platte. 1834. A famous wild horse, 
 of an iron grey, which no Indian was able to capture, 
 though when pursued it never broke from a trot. 
 
 C9rt.No.SW. 
 
 AN " OAK OPENING." Mouth of the Platte ; with a party of 
 Indians playing on horseback. 
 
 Cart. No. 316. 
 
 PRAIRIES BURNING. ^North of the Platte. Prairie bluffs. 
 Cart. No. 317. 
 
 PRAIRIES BURNING. Upper Missouri. Prairie meadow.. 
 Cart. No. 318. 
 
 WILD STRAWBERRIES being gathered by Caddoe Indians, 
 Texas. 
 
 Cart. No. 319. 
 
 WILD GRAPES being collected by Kiowa Indians, Western 
 Texas. 
 
 Cart. No. 320. 
 
 WILD PLUMS gathered by Osage Indians. 
 Cart. No. 321. 
 
 TAWAHQUENA TILLAGE, near the great Camanchee village, 
 Western Texas. 
 
 Cart. No. 322. 
 
 ARCHERY, by Camanchee boys. 
 
 Cart. No. 323. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE. Sioux Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 324. 
 
 " INDIAN FILE." A foot war party (loways), on the march, 
 upper Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 325. 
 
 WHITE WOLVES attacking a wounded buffalo. Upper Mis 
 souri. 
 
NOETH AMEEICA. 57 
 
 Cart. No. 326. 
 
 A CONSULTATION. Sympathy for a poor buffalo in the mire. 
 Upper Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 327. 
 
 EECONNOITEEED BY GEIZZLT BEAES. The author and his two 
 
 men bivouaced on the shore of the Missouri river. 
 
 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 328. 
 
 INVITED TO COME ASHOEE, by three grizzly bears. The author, 
 
 Bogard, and Batiste, on the upper Missouri, in a 
 
 bark canoe. 
 
 Cart. No. 329. 
 
 FUNEEAL OF BLACK HAWK, the war chief of the Saukies. 
 Nah Pope pronouncing an eulogium on his char 
 acter. 
 
 Cart. No. 330. 
 
 " A WHALE ASHOEE," on the western coast of Vancouver, 
 and being harpooned and dissected by the Klahoquat 
 Indians. 1855. (See "Last Rainbles," ly Geo. 
 Catlin. Appleton .) 
 
 Cart. No. 331. 
 
 YIEW OF THE YOLCANO OF AvATCHA, coast of Siberia, near 
 Petropolovski. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 332. 
 
 EXCAVATING A CANOE, by Nayas Indians. British Columbia. 
 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 333. 
 
 LAUNCHING A CANOE, by Nayas Indians. British Columbia. 
 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 334. 
 
 A FOOT RACE.- Maiidans. 1832. 
 Cart. No. 335. 
 
 A CANOE RACE. Ojibbeways in bark canoes. 
 Cart. No. 336. 
 
 STEAW DANCE. Mandans. 1832. 
 Cart. No. 337. 
 
 SHAM FIGHT, by Mandan boys. 
 Cart. No. 338. 
 
 THE IST REGIMENT of Mounted Dragoons surprised by a troop 
 of buffaloes. Western Texas. 1836. 
 
58 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 339. 
 
 MANDANS ATTACKING a party of hostile Riccarrees, near the 
 Mandari village. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 340. 
 
 OJIBBEWAY INDIANS making the portage of the Fall of St. 
 Anthony with 300 bark canoes, in 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 341. 
 
 WHITE WOLVES attacking a wounded bull. Upper Missouri. 
 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 342. 
 
 Sioux INDIANS sacrificing at the " Eed Boulder." " Coteau 
 des Prairies." 
 
 Cart. No. 343. 
 
 " GIVING THE ARROW " to the Medicine Rock, in order to 
 secure a victory. Camanchees. 
 
 Cart. No. 344. 
 
 " LA BUTTE DE MORT," a great cemetery of the Sioux. Upper 
 Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 345. 
 
 " E"m DU TONNERE," Coteau des Prairies. (See Life Amongst 
 the Indians. Gr. C. Appleton). 
 
 Cart. No. 346. 
 
 BATISTE, BOGARD, AND THE AUTHOR, crossing a prairie on the 
 Missouri, where the grass was ten feet high. 
 
 Cart. No. 347. 
 
 AN INDIAN MARRIAGE. The bridegroom making presents to 
 the father of the young girl. Sioux Indians. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 348. 
 
 BATISTE, BOGGARD, AND I, descending the Missouri river in a 
 canoe, and breakfasting on a pile of drift wood. 
 
 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 349. 
 
 A CROW WIGWAM. Constructed with twenty skins of buffaloes, 
 richly ornamented. 
 
 Cart. No. 350. 
 
 A PAWNEEPICT WIGWAM. Covered with a thatching of long 
 prairie grass. 
 
 Cart. No. 351. 
 
 Sioux SCALPING. Explaining the mode of taking the scalp. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 59 
 
 Cart. No. 352. 
 
 DEATH OF THE WHITE BUFFALO. Mandan Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 353. 
 
 COUNCIL OF WAR. The Sioux chief Waneton, of the Susseton 
 
 band, demanding warriors to go against the Saukies. 
 
 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 354. 
 
 DEATH OF HAWANJETAH (The One Horn). Head chief of the 
 Sioux. This distinguished chief, having killed his 
 only son accidentally, in a state of mental derange 
 ment, wandered into the prairie, and gave his life 
 to the horns of an infuriated buffalo bull. Mouth 
 of Little Missouri. 1834. 
 
 Cart. No. 355. 
 
 A GRIZZLY BEAR, attacking a buffalo. 
 
 Cart. No. 356. 
 
 THE AUTHOR, shooting paroquets, in Texas. 
 
 Cart. No. 357. 
 
 BAND OF ELKS, crossing the Missouri. 
 Cart. No. 358. 
 
 A GREAT BAND OF BUFFALOES, crossing the Missouri on the 
 ice. 
 
 Cart. No. 359. 
 
 BAND OF ELKS, crossing the upper Brazos, Western Texas. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 360. 
 
 BUFFALO CHASE. Caddo Indians, Texas. 
 
 Cart. No. 361. 
 
 ELKS AND BUFFALOES, making acquaintance. Western Texas 
 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 362. . 
 
 YIEW OF " CAP DE L AIL," upper Mississippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 363. 
 
 "LOVER S LEAP," Lake Pepin, upper Mississippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 364. 
 
 LA MONTAGNE QUI TREMPS A L EAU, upper Mississippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 365. 
 
 HOCK ISLAND, upper Mississippi. 
 
60 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 366. 
 
 " DUBUQUE S GRAVE," upper Mississippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 367. 
 
 " FORT SNELLING," upper Mississippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 368. 
 
 " PRAIRIE DU CHIEN," upper Mississippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 369. 
 
 " LAC DU CYGNE," Coteau des Prairies. 
 
 Cart.No.WQ. 
 
 SAVANNAH in the pine woods of Florida. 
 
 Cart. No. 371. 
 
 VIEW ON LAKE ST. CROIX, upper Mississippi. 
 
 Cart. No. 372. 
 
 TAWAHQUENA MOUNTAIN, near the great Camanchee Village, 
 Texas. 
 
 Cart. No. 373. 
 
 CAMANCHEE VILLAGE, Texas. 
 
 Cart. No. 374. 
 
 " BLACKBIRD S GRAVE." The chief of the Ornahas, Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 375. 
 
 MOUTH OF THE PLATTE RIVER. 900 miles above St. Louis. 
 
 Cart. No. 376. 
 
 " FLOYD S GRAVE," upper Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 377. 
 
 "THE TOWER," 1,700 miles above St. Louis. 
 
 Cart. No. 378. 
 
 PICTURESQUE CLAY BLUFFS, upper Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 379. 
 
 THE " IRON BLUFF," 1,200 miles above St. Louis. 
 
 Cart. No. 380. 
 
 THE " THREE DOMES," 150 miles above Mandans. 
 
 Cart. No. 381. 
 
 The SQUARE HILLS, 1,200 miles above St. Louis. 
 
 Cart. No. 382. 
 
 BUFFALO SURROUND. A party of Sioux Indians, armed with 
 bows and lances, surrounding a herd of 300 buffaloes, 
 in which they kill every animal. The author was an 
 eye-witness to this scene. Upper Missouri. 1832. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 61 
 
 Cart. No. 383. 
 
 HALTING TO MAKE A PORTRAIT. Snake Indians, Snake .River 
 
 Valley. 1855. (See " Last Rambles.") 
 Cart. No. 384. 
 " OH, WHAT A PITY TO LOSE SUCH A FISH!" Shore of Lake 
 
 Huron. 
 
 Cart. No. 385. 
 
 DEATH OF GENERAL LEAVENWORTH, on the Bed River of 
 Texas. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 386. 
 
 ROAD TO THE MORMONS. 1834. 
 
 Cart. No. 387. 
 
 A Sioux VILLAGE, on the St. Peter s River. 
 
 Cart. No. 388. 
 
 GRIZZLY BEARS attacking buffaloes going to the river to drink. 
 Upper Missouri. 
 
 Cart. No. 389. 
 
 Sioux VILLAGE Lac Du Cjgne. 
 Cart. No. 390. 
 
 HALTING TO MAKE A SKETCH "Western Texas. 
 Cart. No. 391. 
 
 A Sioux WAR PARTY reconnoitering an Ojibbeway village, at 
 sunset. Calhoun, upper Mississippi. 1832. 
 
 Cart. No. 392. 
 
 " OUT OF SIGHT OF LAND." Prairie of the Platte. 
 
 Cart. No. 393. 
 
 NAYAS VILLAGE, on the Pacific Coast, at sunset. Queen 
 
 Charlotte s Island is seen in the distance. 
 Cart. No. 394. 
 THE AUTHOR AND HIS HORSE " CHARLEY." Bivouacing at 
 
 sunset, at the grand ravine, Kickapoo Prairie. 1836. 
 Cart. No. 395. 
 THE AUTHOR AND "CHARLEY," heading the grand ravine 
 
 Kickapoo Prairie. 1836. (See " Zife Amongst the 
 
 Indians") 
 
 Cart. No. 396. 
 
 AN INDIAN LADDER. Coast of the Pacific. Nay as Indians. 
 
62 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 397. 
 
 A CROW VILLAGE, and Salmon Eiver Mountains, west of the 
 .Rocky Mountains. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 398. 
 
 A SMALL CROW TILLAGE, bank of Salmon River, west of 
 Rocky Mountains. 
 
 Cart. No. 399. 
 
 PRAIRIES BURNING, upper Missouri. 
 Cart. No. 400. 
 
 BIVOUAC OF THE AUTHOR at sunrise. Western Texas. 
 Cart. No. 401. 
 
 BIVOUAC OF THE AUTHOR, surprised by a herd of buffaloes in 
 motion. Western Texas. 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 402. 
 
 A CHEYENNE SMALL VILLAGE; beautiful grassy bluffs. 
 Cart, No. 403. 
 
 SALMON SPEARING, by the Nay as Indians. Queen Charlotte s 
 Inlet, Pacific Coast. 1855. 
 
 Cart. No. 404. 
 
 WAR DANCE OF THE SAUKIES, at the close of the Black Hawk 
 War, ordered by the chief Keeokuk, at his village, 
 on the Desmoines River. The author and General 
 Street, the Indian agent, were present. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 405. 
 
 A NAYAS VILLAGE. Nayas Indians returning from salmon 
 spearing. 
 
 Cart. No. 406. 
 
 " COME, MY BOYS, IT S BROAD DAYLIGHT." Western Texas. 
 1836. 
 
 Cart. No. 407. 
 
 XAYAS VILLAGE, Pacific Coast night scene. 
 Cart. No. 408. 
 
 BIVOUAC OF A Sioux WAR PARTY, Lake Calhoun. 1832. 
 Cart. No. 409. 
 
 SALMON SPEARING BY TORCHLIGHT, by Kay as Indians. Pacific 
 Coast. 
 
 Cart. No. 410. 
 
 THE " CHEYENNE BROTHERS " starting on their " fall hunt." 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 63 
 
 Cart. No. 411. 
 
 THE CHEYENNE BROTHERS returning from their " fall hunt " 
 (an historical event of 1832). 
 
 Cart. No. 412. 
 
 THE AUTHOR MEETS SIR WILLIAM DRUMMOND STUART on the 
 
 great prairie of the Platte, returning from a visit to 
 
 the Crows. 1834. 
 
 Cart. No. 413. 
 
 RUM AND WHISKEY EXCHANGED FOR BEAVER SKINS. River 
 Blue. 1831. 
 
 Cart. No. 414. 
 
 " HALCYON DAYS." Sioux Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 415. 
 
 THE LAST BUFFALO BUT ONE. 
 
 Cart. No. 416. 
 
 THE LAST BUFFALO. 
 
 Religions Ceremony of the M aiidans. 
 
 Cart. No. 417. 
 
 " Me-ne-ro-ka-ha-sha" (The Waters Sink Down). The interior 
 of the Medicine Lodge of the Mandans, during the 
 first day of an extraordinary annual ceremony, 
 called by them, " O-kee-pa." This ceremony, 
 probably the most strange and unaccountable of a ll 
 the American Indian customs, continues four suc 
 cessive days and nights in celebration of the 
 " Deluge," of which these Indians have preserved 
 distinct traditions. On this occasion, all the young 
 men who have arrived at the age of manhood during 
 the past year, are subjected to a series of voluntary 
 tortures, which, being manfully endured, entitle 
 them to the distinction of Braves, and enable them 
 to join war parties. The young xneji prepared to 
 endure those tortures are seen lying around the 
 lodge, their bodies covered with clay of various 
 colors, with their shields and weapons suspended 
 over their heads. 
 
 In the middle of the lodge reclines an aged 
 Medicine Man, who has charge of the lodge, and is 
 by them called " Okeepa-Ca-see-ka " (Master of 
 
64 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Ceremonies). He holds in his hand a sacred pipe, 
 an emblem of his authority and power. He cries 
 continually to the Great Spirit, and watches the 
 young men, who are not allowed to eat, to drink, or 
 to sleep during the four days and four nights, 
 whilst in this position, they are awaiting the tor 
 tures to be inflicted on the last day. 
 
 On the ground, in the front part of % the lodge, 
 are four sacs, containing several gallons each of 
 water, and made of the skins of buffaloes necks, in 
 form of large tortoises lying on their backs. These 
 sacs, to appearance of great antiquity, are held in 
 great veneration, as will be seen in the following 
 scenes ; they serve as instruments of music in their 
 dances, being beaten upon with sticks^ giving sounds 
 somewhat like muffled drums. 
 
 Cart. No. 418. 
 
 " BEL-LOHK-NA-PIC " (The Bull Dance). This scene, which 
 follows the one described, is dear to the Indians, be 
 cause they attribute to it the approach of buffalo 
 herds to supply them with food during the season. 
 
 This grotesque scene, which takes place many 
 times during the four days ceremony, is enacted in 
 front of the Medicine Lodge, around a sacred object 
 resembling a large hogshead standing on end, which 
 is venerated by the Indians as a symbol of the 
 " Arc," and which they call the " Big Canoe." This 
 ceremony is performed by other dancers whilst the 
 young men still remain fasting and thirsting in the 
 Medicine Lodge. Repeatedly the Medicine Man 
 leaves the Medicine Lodge with the Medicine pipe 
 in his hand, and, approaching the " Big Canoe," 
 continues crying, whilst four old men bring out the 
 four sacs of water and beat upon them, whilst two 
 others bring out the two rattles (she-shee-quoins), and 
 all unite their instruments with their voices, as the 
 music for the Buffalo Dance. 
 
 The principal actors in this dance are eight men, 
 under the skins of buffaloes, and, carrying on their 
 backs, each a bundle of willow boughs, whilst sev 
 eral other dancers unite in these curious scenes, which 
 excite great interest. 
 
 The strange figure seen in the left of the picture, 
 and who carries a long wand, arrives from the prai- 
 
NOETH AMEBICA. 65 
 
 rie, to the great terror of the women and children. 
 His naked body is entirely blackened with charcoal 
 and grease, and ornamented with circles of white. 
 They call him " 0-Jce-hee-de " (the owl, or evil spirit). 
 His advances are continually upon the women and 
 children, who are repeatedly rescued by the charm 
 of the Medicine pipe, thrust before him, by the mas 
 ter of ceremonies. The magical wand of this hideous 
 stranger is at length snatched from him by the 
 women, and broken into pieces ; his power is then 
 gone, and beating him with dirt and sticks, the 
 women drive him out of the village. The whole 
 tribe are spectators of this singular scene, and all 
 applaud the victory gained by the women over this 
 monster of evil, whose assaults were aimed at them 
 alone. 
 
 Cart. No. 419. 
 
 " POHK-KONG" (The Torturing Scene}. This part of the ceremo 
 nies takes place in the " Medicine Lodge," and com 
 mences on the fourth day at noon. When the young 
 aspirants, after having fasted and thirsted four days 
 and four nights, have their upper and lower arms, 
 and legs and breasts, transpierced with a large knife 
 passing under the skin and integuments, and, through 
 the wounds, splints are* passed, by which they are 
 suspended some three or four feet above the ground. 
 In the painting, a number of the young men are 
 seen still fasting and thirsting, and others are seen 
 suspended, or having been lowered down, are being 
 removed from the Lodge. One is seen smiling while 
 his flesh is being pierced ; a second is seen suspended 
 by splints in the flesh on his shoulders, and others 
 are hung by the muscles of the breast, whilst they 
 have the skulls of buffaloes hanging from their arms 
 and legs ; and another is seen, after having been 
 lowered down, thanking the Great Spirit for having 
 preserved his life through the ordeal he lias passed, 
 and offering as a sacrifice, the little finger of his left 
 hand, which another chops off at a blow, on the skull 
 of a buffalo. At the right of the picture are placed 
 the chiefs of the tribe, as the judges, to decide which 
 of the young men can bear pain and privations with 
 the most fortitude. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 420. 
 
 " EEH-K NA-K NAH-PIC " ( The Last fiace). After the young men 
 have submitted to the tortures as above stated, they 
 are led out of the Medicine Lodge with the dried 
 buffalo skulls still attached to their limbs, and drag 
 ging on the ground. 
 
 Around the Big Canoe are 15 or 20 young men, 
 who take the young and bleeding aspirants by the 
 wrists, one on each side, and run with them in a 
 circle around the Big Canoe, yelling and singing, to 
 drown their cries, with the buffalo skulls and other 
 appendages dragging on the ground. The young 
 men soon faint in this cruel race, and are still 
 dragged, oftentimes with their faces in the dirt, until 
 the buffalo skulls are left behind, having torn the 
 flesh out, to leave an honorable scar. To draw one 
 of the splints out endwise would defeat that object, 
 and no Mandan youth was ever known to disgrace 
 himself by such an act. When the buffalo skulls 
 and other weights hanging in the flesh are all left in 
 this manner, the body is dropped and lies upon the 
 ground, looking like a corpse, until the " Great 
 Spirit helps him " to rise and stagger through the 
 crowd, to his wigwam. 
 
 All the Mandan youths are ambitious and impatient for the 
 age that admits them to this trial. At the time 
 when the author witnessed this shocking scene, in 
 1832, about fifty young men were thus graduated, 
 and every one, without exception, gave the little 
 finger of the left hand, and several of the number 
 gave also the fore finger of the same hand, leaving 
 only the thumb and two middle fingers, sufficient to 
 hold the bow, the only weapon for the left hand. 
 
 Note. For a fuller account of these ceremonies see " 0-Tcee- 
 pa " (Mandan religious ceremony), with 14 colored illustra 
 tions, published by Trubner, of London, and Lippincott, of 
 Philadelphia ; and for testimonials see Appendix C of this 
 Catalogue. 
 
NORTH AMERICA. 67 
 
 Voyages of Discovery by Lasalle. 
 
 Cart. No. 421. 
 
 THE CHEVALIER DE LASALLE, receiving his commission from 
 Governor Frontenac to " explore the Mississippi and 
 distant countries," 18th November, 1678. 
 
 Cart. No. 422. 
 
 THE EXPEDITION, commanded by the Chevalier de Tonty 
 leaving Fort Frontenac, on Lake Ontario, Nov. 18, 
 
 1678. 
 
 Cart. No. 423. 
 
 DE TONTY and his companions, encamped on the shore of 
 Lake Ontario, seven miles below the Fall of Niag 
 ara, 20th Jan., 1679. 
 
 Cart. No. 424. 
 
 PORTAGE OF CANOES, &c., around the Fall of Niagara at Table 
 Eock. 
 
 Cart. No. 425. 
 
 THE EXPEDITION arrived at the mouth of the Chippeway River, 
 four miles above the falls, lay the foundation of the 
 " Griffin." La Salle driving the first bolt, 26th Jan., 
 1679. 
 
 Cart. No. 426. 
 
 LASALLE and two of his men returning to Fort Frontenac, 
 
 along the southern coast of Lake Ontario, February. 
 
 1679. 
 
 Cart. No. 427. 
 
 LAUNCHING of the Griffin, July, 1679. 
 
 Cart. No. 428. 
 
 FIRST SAILING of the Griffin, on Lake Erie, Aug. 7, 1679. 
 
 Cart. No. 429. 
 
 THE GRIFFIN, entering the harbor at Mackinaw, Aug. 27. 
 1679. 
 
 Cart. No. 430. 
 
 LASALLE and party arrive at the village of the Illinois, on 
 Lake Peoria, 1st Jan. 1680. 
 
68 NORTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 431. 
 
 LASALLE and party feasted in the Illinois village. 2d Jan. 
 1680. 
 
 Cart. No. 432. 
 
 THE CHEVALIER DE TONTY suing for peace in the village of 
 the Iroquois, 2d Jan. 1680. 
 
 Cart. No. 433. 
 
 FATHER HENNEPIN and his two men made prisoners by the 
 Sioux, on the Mississippi, April, 1680. 
 
 Cart. No. 434. 
 
 FATHER HENNEPIN and his two companions passing the 
 " Lover s Leap," on Lake Pepin, April, 1680. 
 
 Cart. No. 435. 
 
 FATHER HENNEPIN and his men at the Fall of St. Anthony, 
 May 1st, 1680. 
 
 Cart. No. 436. 
 
 LASALLE and Expedition crossing Lake Michigan on the ice, 
 December 8, 1681. 
 
 Cart. No. 437. 
 
 FATHER HENNEPIN leaving the Mississippi to join Lasalle and 
 De Tonty on the Illinois, May 8th, 1680. 
 
 Cart. No. 438. 
 
 LASALLE and party, in eight bark canoes, entering the Mis 
 sissippi from the Illinois, Feb. 6th, 1682. 
 
 Cart. No. 439. 
 
 LASALLE erecting a cross and taking possession of the country 
 at the mouth of Arkansas, March 10th, 1682. 
 
 Cart. No. 440. 
 
 THE CHIEF of the Taenses Indians receiving Lasalle and his 
 companions in his village, March 20th, 1682. 
 
 Cart. No. 441. 
 
 LASALLE erecting a cross and taking possession, in the village 
 of the Natchez Indians, March 25th, 1682. 
 
 Cart. No. 442. 
 
 THE EXPEDITION arriving at the mouth of the Mississippi ; 
 Lasalle erects a cross, and takes possession of the 
 country " in the name of Louis le Grand, King of 
 France and Navarre," April 9th, 1682. 
 
SOTJTH AMERICA. 69 
 
 Cart. No. 443. 
 
 WRECK of the " Aimable," on the coast of Texas. 1685. 
 Cart. No. 444. 
 
 LASALLE meets on the prairie of Texas, a war party of Cenis 
 Indians, April 25th, 1686. 
 
 Cart. No. 445. 
 
 LASALLE and his companions received with great hospitality 
 in the village of Cenis Indians, May 6th, 1686. 
 
 Cart. No. 446. 
 
 THE EXPEDITION encamped in a Texan prairie, killing and 
 drying buffalo meat, April, 1686. 
 
 Cart. No. 447. 
 
 LASALLE assassinated by Duhaut and others of his men, 
 May 19th, 1686. 
 
 SOUTH AMERICAN PORTRAITS, 
 
 Cart. No. 448. Caribbe. 
 
 a. Dighst-6-ho (The /Singer) ; a chief, wearing a robe 
 made of a tiger s skin. 
 
 I. fWahpt (The Great Runner). 
 e. I H kee-ne (The Little Eater). 
 
 d. 1 ). 
 
 e. [ ) four young warriors in their ordinary ap- 
 
 parol. 
 
 A numerous tribe, living on the coasts of Venezuela and 
 British Guiana. 1852. 
 
 Cart. No. 449. Woyaway. 
 
 a. Yo-ma-tos-tos ( ) ; a war chief of the tribe. 
 
 1. ( Sum-tee ( ). 
 
 c. ( His-se-tun-ne ( ) ; two young warriors armed and 
 
 equipped for war. 
 
 A small tribe of Guiana and Brazil, inhabiting the Acarai 
 Mountains. 1852. 
 
 * For the paucity of names amongst the South American Indian portraits, 
 see Appendix A of this Catalogue. 
 
70 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 450. Tariillia. 
 
 Tunxt-6-me (On The Hill) ; a secondary chief, curi 
 ously dressed and painted. 
 
 Min-nee ( ) ; wife of the chief. 
 
 0-to-no-tom-me ( ) ; a young warrior, dressed 
 
 and equipped for war. 
 
 A small tribe, on the upper Essequibo, British Guiana. 
 1852. 
 
 Cart. No. 451. Goo-a-give. 
 
 ( ) ; a secondary chief, leading his little son. 
 
 O-ho-ko-ra-u-ta ( ) ; a medicine man and orator 
 
 of the tribe. 
 
 ( ) ; a young warrior, armed with his lance. 
 
 A small remnant of a numerous tribe, on the coast of 
 Venezuela, decimated by dissipation and sinall-pox. 
 
 Cart. No. 452. Arowak. 
 
 ( ) ; a celebrated medicine man, and claiming to 
 
 be a great orator. 
 
 ( ); a warrior, said to be very distinguished, 
 carrying his shield and war club. 
 
 TJ-hon-da ( ) ; a young man, said to be chief of 
 
 a band. 
 
 A small and friendly tribe of British Guiana. 1852. 
 
 Cart. No. 453. Zlirillliati. 
 
 O-be-lohts-dy-ke-dy-ke (The Wise Man who Teaches)^ ; 
 a celebrated sorcerer, speaking to the Sun, whilst his 
 portrait is being painted. 1852. 
 
 Cart. No. 454. Zliruiliati. 
 
 Wohkst-u-be ( ) ; a young chief, handsomely 
 
 equipped and armed with his bow and war club. 
 
 ( O bs-teft ( ). 
 
 ( U-na-dis-ko-lots ( ) ; two young men, equipped 
 
 for war and the chase. 
 
 A small tribe, entirely primitive, about the sources of the 
 Trombutas, in northern Brazil. 1852. 
 
SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 <Jart. No, 455. Zuriimati. 
 
 
 
 ( - ) ; four Zurumati children, selected by the chief, 
 to be painted. 1852. 
 
 Cart. No. 456. 
 
 Oxt-wa-kon ( -- ) ; a secondary chief, armed with 
 his bow and arrows. 
 
 Fyne-fyne (- - ) ; a Macouchi woman, wife of the 
 chief. 
 
 Oo-je-en-na ( - ) ; a celebrated warrior, armed and 
 equipped for war, 
 
 A small and friendly tribe of British Guiana. 1852. 
 
 Cart. No. 457. Cdimibo. 
 
 ( - ) ; a very handsome man, said to be the chief, 
 and much celebrated, his ears are elongated and 
 ornamented with brass rings, and his necklace of the 
 shells of nuts. 
 
 ( ) ; two Connibo women, wives of the chief. 
 
 A tribe of 5.000, inhabiting the western banks of the Rio 
 Yucayali and the vast pampas del Sacramento. 1853. 
 
 Cart. No. 458. Cdnuibo. 
 
 Tu-wis-kaw ( ) ; a young bridegroom, Connibo, 
 
 giving his bride, not a " drive," but a daily ride, 
 on the pampa del Sacramento. 1853. 
 
 Cart. No. 459. Chetibo. 
 
 Cla-hu-ma ( ) ; said to be a secondary chief, his 
 ears are curiously elongated and his headdress a 
 cotton shawl. 
 
 Yin-vin-ne ( ) ; a Chetibo woman, wife of the 
 chief, curiously ornamented with the fragments of a 
 cotton shawl presented to her by the author. 
 
 ( ) ; a Chetibo boy, son of the chief. 
 
 A tribe of 4,000 (Canoe Indians), residing on the east 
 bank of the Yucayali, below the Connibos. 1853. 
 
72 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 460. 
 
 ( ) ; a fine man, said to be a chief, his ears elon 
 gated and ornamented with plumes and skins of 
 paroquets. 
 
 ( ) ; a Sepibo woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 ( ) j a famous warrior, holding his little son. 
 
 A small tribe, on the bank of the Yucayali, below the Chet- 
 ibos: Canoe Indians, mostly destroyed by small-pox. 1853. 
 
 Cart. No. 461. Iqilito. 
 
 ( ); a celebrated man, said to be chief of his 
 
 tribe ; his ears curiously slit and elongated and orna 
 mented. 
 
 ( ) ; an Iquito woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 ( ) ; a good looking man, a fair specimen of the 
 
 tribe, and said also to be a chief. 
 
 A very small tribe, reduced by small-pox and dissipation, 
 and mostly residing in one small village, on the bank of the 
 Amazon, near Nauta. 1853. 
 
 Cart. No. 462. Omsiglia. 
 
 ( ); a man, said to be celebrated and chief of the 
 
 tribe, armed with his bow and arrows. 
 
 ( ) ; this man, with his ears elongated and curi 
 ously ornamented with quills and feathers, was also 
 represented to be a chief. 
 
 ( ) ; a medicine man, his ears slit and elongated, 
 
 and he wears at times a huge boulder of flint at 
 tached to his under lip. 
 
 A small fishing tribe, south bank of the Amazon, near 
 Nauta. 1853. 
 
 Cart. No. 463. XlllgU. 
 
 Dregs-in-dich ( ) ; a fine man, handsomely dressed, 
 
 and armed with his lance, represented to be a chief. 
 
 ( ) ; a Xingu woman, wife of the above chief. 
 
 ( ) ; a warrior, carrying his shield and lance. 
 
 A small tribe, on the Rio Xingu, lower Amazon. 1853. 
 
SOUTH AMEEICA. 73 
 
 Cart. No. 464. All gust lira. 
 
 | _ j two young men, thought to be brothers, hold 
 ing their paddles. 
 
 | ; two young, unmarried women, clad in the 
 
 ordinary mode of the tribe. 
 
 A small tribe, shores of Amazon, above Tabatinga. 1853. 
 
 Cart. No. 465. Mura. 
 
 ( ) ; a chief, resting on his lance, his ears slit and 
 
 elongated, and his body and limbs and face most 
 curiously ornamented. 
 
 ( ) ; a Mura woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 ( ) ; a young warrior, armed with his shield and 
 
 lance, and his ears and face most curiously orna 
 mented with feathers and rings. 
 
 A small tribe, both sides of the upper Amazon, above the 
 Barra. 
 
 Cart. No. 466. Maralma. 
 
 ( ) ; an aged chief, seated on a canoe ; his ears 
 
 elongated and ornamented, and his face and body 
 decorated with blue beads. 
 
 ( ) ; a young man ; his body ornamented with 
 
 quills, &c. 
 
 ( ); a Marahua woman, and child, wife of the 
 
 chief. 
 
 A small fishing tribe, north bank of the Amazon, above 
 Tabatinga. 
 
 Cart. No. 467. Ore joiia. 
 
 ( ) ; head chief of the tribe, his ears ornamented 
 
 with rings, and his upper lip and breasts are deco 
 rated with quills, &c. 
 
 ; two Orejona women, wives of the chief. 
 
 i; an Orejona boy, son of the chief, wearing 
 o ts in his ears to elongate them. 
 
 A small fishing tribe, living north of the Amazon, near 
 to Nauta. 
 
. SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 468. Orcjoiia. 
 
 ( ) ; a man of Herculean strength, said to be the 
 
 chief, holding his young wife for her portrait to be 
 made, not willing to have his own painted. 
 
 ( ) ; young wife of the chief. 
 
 ( ) ; a group, amused at the eccentric affair.. 
 
 Cart. No. 469. Chaymas. 
 
 Warn-warn-tsoo ( ); a secondary chief, armed 
 
 with his shield and bow. 
 
 ( ) ; a warrior, carrying his bow and quiver. 
 
 ( ) ; a warrior, wearing the skin of a tiger. 
 
 A small remnant of a numerous tribe, on the banks of the 
 Rio Paraguay. 
 
 Cart. No. 470. Cliaco. 
 
 Men- e- say-so ( ) ; a chief, armed with his bow and 
 
 quiver. 
 
 ( ) ; a Chaco woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 ( ) ; a warrior, carrying his shield, bow, and 
 
 quiver. 
 
 Small remnant of a numerous tribe of Horse Indians, living 
 on the right hand shore of the Rio Paraguay. 
 
 <!art. No. 471. Payaguas. 
 
 ( ) ; a very fine man, said to be the chief of the 
 tribe : his ears are elongated, and he wears a neck 
 lace of shells and beads. 
 
 ; two Payaguas women, wives of the chief, wear 
 ing oval blocks of wood in the under lip, like the 
 Nayas Indians in North. America. 
 
 At present, a small Canoe tribe, living opposite to the 
 Chacos, and always at war with them. 
 
 Cart. No. 472. 
 
 ( - ) ; a chief, armed with his bow and arrows ; 
 his ears ornamented with large brass rings and beads. 
 
 two Lengua women, wives of the chief, 
 
 wearing oval blocks of wood in their under lips. 
 A small tribe living on the banks of the Rio Uruguay. 
 
SOUTH AMERICA. 75 
 
 Cart. No. 473. 
 
 ( ) ; a medicine man, clothed entirely with rattle 
 snake skins ; his ears and his under lip ornamented 
 with oval blocks of wood. 
 
 ) ; two young warriors, armed, and ornament 
 ed with pendents of various kinds. 
 
 A small tribe, on the banks of the Uruguay. 
 
 Cart. No. 474. Botocudo. 
 
 ( ) ; this man was represented as chief of the 
 
 tribe ; his ears ornamented with oval blocks of wood 
 and lips decorated with quills and beads. 
 
 ( ) ; a Botocudo woman, wife of the chief; wear 
 ing the oval block of wood in her under lip. 
 
 ( ) ; a Botocudo warrior, with the block of wood 
 
 in his under lip. 
 
 ( ) ; a medicine man ; his ears slit and his under 
 
 lip ornamented with oval blocks of wood. 
 
 The scattered remnants of a powerful tribe, on and east of, 
 the Rio Parana, in Uruguay. 
 
 Cart. No. 475. Botocudo. 
 
 ( ) ; a chief, armed with a gun, his lower lip 
 
 ornamented with the oval block of wood. 
 
 ( ) ; a young man ; his ears ornamented with the 
 
 oval blocks of wood. 
 
 ( ) ; a Botocudo woman, wife of the chief. 
 
 Cart. No. 476. Auca. 
 
 ; three Auca children. 
 A small tribe south of Buenos Ayres. 
 
 Cart. No. 477. Puelchees. 
 
 Bon-don-ne (That is IIe)\ a secondary chief; armed 
 
 with his shield and war club. 
 
 ( Yep ( ). 
 
 [ Yo-har-ne ( ) ; two young warriors, said to be 
 
 distinguished. 
 
 A small tribe, south of Buenos Ayres, reduced by small 
 pox and dissipation. 
 
76 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 478. Patagon. 
 
 Yal-kok-tsa-me (The Big Gun) ; (cannon) chief of a 
 band ; his history unknown. 
 
 Paw-in-o-renk (The Flying Cloud) ; young brother of 
 the chief. 
 
 Coche (The Blue Sky) ; a young girl, daughter of the 
 chief, painted in Pickett harbor, Straits of Magel 
 lan, in 1856. 
 
 A numerous and warlike tribe, in Patagonia. 
 Cart. No. 479. Tobos. 
 
 ( - ); three young men, names not known ; their 
 ears ornamented with blocks of wood and rings. 
 
 A very small tribe on the banks of Rio Negro, of Uruguay. 
 
 Cart. No. 480. Fliegiail. 
 
 Goy-o-Ge-tenc (The Good Spoon) ; a warrior and fisher 
 man, armed with his paddle. 
 
 Sham-e-noo (The Dog] ; a warrior and fisherman. 
 
 ( ) ; a Fuegian woman, wife of the above warrior. 
 
 Gol-gee (Tobacco) ; a young man, holding his paddle ; 
 painted in Pickett harbor, Straits of Magellan, in 
 1856. 
 
 A small tribe, living in and south of, the Straits of Magellan. 
 
 Countries and Custom*. 
 
 Cart. No. 481. 
 
 THE GREAT ANT-EATER, visiting the author s camp on the 
 
 Eio Yucayali. See Catlin s "Last Kambles." 
 
 Appleton. 
 
 Cart. No. 482. 
 
 A LONG SEANCE, on the Pampa del Sacramento, in Peru. The 
 author making a sketch. 
 
SOUTH AMERICA. 77 
 
 Cart. No. 483. 
 
 " THE HANDSOME DANCE " (" Mach-e-o-a "). Indians, Goo- 
 agives, of Yenezuela. Three young girls, selected 
 by the chief, their bodies nude, but covered with pipe 
 clay (having the appearance of statues), gave this 
 very pretty dance to please the author. Their toes, 
 which were not separated or lifted from the ground, 
 rested on tiger skins, and their motions were exceed 
 ingly graceful, and in time with the beating of the 
 drum. 
 
 Cart. No. 484. 
 
 PAINTING THE PORTRAIT OF A XINGU CHIEF. Kio Xingu. 
 1853. 
 
 Cart. No. 485. 
 
 THROWING THE BOLAS. Auca Indians killing wild horses for 
 their hair and skins. (See " Catlin s Last Rambles.") 
 
 Cart. No. 486. 
 
 RECONNOITERING FLAMINGOES, by the author, in the Grand 
 Saline of Buenos Ayres. 1856. (See " Last Ram 
 bles." Appleton.) 
 
 Cart. No. 487. 
 
 SHOOTING FLAMINGOES. Grand Saline. (See "Last Rambles.") 
 
 Cart. No. 488. 
 
 OSTRICH CHASE. Buenos Ayres. 1856. The author, armed 
 with a carabine revolver of Colt, is followed by Por 
 tuguese and Auca Indians, who chase with the bolas. 
 (See " Last Rambles" a juvenile book. Appleton.) 
 
 Cart. No. 489. 
 
 YOUNG INDIANS (MaraJiuas\ fishing on the shore of the Ama 
 zon, with harpoon arrows. 
 
 Cart. No. 490. 
 
 AN OREJONA TILLAGE. Upper Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 491. 
 
 ZURUMATI TILLAGE. Sources of the Trombutas. Northern 
 Brazil. 
 
 Cart. No. 492. 
 
 " PONT DE PALMIERS," and Tiger Shooting. Rio Trombutas. 
 Northern Brazil. 
 
 Cart. No. 493. 
 
 THE AUTHOR, reconnoitered by tigers. Rio Trombutas. (See 
 u Life Amongst the Indians." Appleton.) 
 
78 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 494. 
 
 TARUMA TILLAGE. Upper Essequibo, British Guiana. The 
 author exhibiting his revolver rifle and its rapidity 
 of firing, to the astonishment of the natives. 
 
 Cart. No. 495. 
 
 TURTLE HUNT by torchlight, on the Trombutas. The Indians 
 having turned their victims on their backs, the 
 women are approaching with torches, to do the 
 butchering. (See full account in "Life Amongst 
 the Indians.") 
 
 Cart. No. 496. 
 
 A FIGHT WITH PECCARIES. Rio Trombutas. The author and 
 a Caribbe Indian coming to the rescue of Smyth, 
 who is regularly " treed," and his powder expended. 
 (See " Life Amongst the Indians." Appleton.) 
 
 Cart. No. 497. 
 
 IGNIS FATUUS. Rio Trombutas. Zurumati Indians approach 
 ing it. 
 
 Cart. No. 498. 
 
 VIEW ON THE PAMPA DEL SACRAMENTO. The author halting 
 
 to make a sketch, near the Eastern Sierra of the 
 
 Andes. 
 
 Cart. No. 499. 
 
 SHORE OF THE ESSEQUIBO. The author and his party encamp 
 ing in the green forest of British Guiana. 
 
 Cart. No. 500. 
 
 LUXURIANT FOREST on the bank of the Amazon, above 
 Obidos. 
 
 Cart. No. 501. 
 
 YlEW TAKEN IN THE TuMUCAMACHE (or Crystal) MOUNTAINS, 
 
 Northern Brazil. 
 
 Cart. No. 502. 
 
 CARIBBE VILLAGE, in Dutch Guiana. 
 
 Cart. No. 503. 
 
 A FOREST ABOVE A FOREST. View taken on the Rio Trom 
 butas, above the great rapids. 
 
 Cart. No. 504. 
 
 VIEW IN THE TUMUCAMACHE (or Crystal) MOUNTAINS, Northern 
 Brazil. 
 
 Cart. No. 505. 
 
 AROWAK VILLAGE. British Guiana. 
 
SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 506. 
 
 VIEW IN THE TUMUCAMACHE (or Crystal) MOUNTAINS. 
 
 Cart. No. 507. 
 
 BOEDER OF THE PAMPA DEL SACRAMENTO, showing the Eastern 
 
 Sierra of the Andes, and the forests of oranges and 
 
 palms. 
 
 Cart. No. 508. 
 
 THE " BEETLE CREVICE," in the Tumucamache (or Crystal) 
 Mountains, Northern Brazil. 
 
 Cart. No. 509. 
 
 SHORE OF THE TROMBUTAS, above the great rapids. 
 Cart. No. 510. 
 
 AN INDIAN VILLAGE. Shore of the Amazon, above Obidos. 
 Cart. No. 511. 
 A LAGOON on the shore of the Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 512. 
 
 INTERIOR oj AN AMAZON FOREST. Zurumati Indians trans 
 porting to market the skins of wild cattle and turtle 
 butter. 
 
 Cart. No. 513. 
 
 AN AMAZON FOREST, looking ashore from the steamer. 
 
 Cart. No. 514. 
 
 SHORE OF THE AMAZON, below Tabatinga. 
 
 Cart. No. 515. 
 
 RHODODENDRON MOUNTAIN. A mountain covered with Rhodo 
 dendrons, and its base surrounded with orange and 
 fig trees. " Crystal Mount ains." 
 
 Cart. No. 516. 
 
 VIEW IN THE CRYSTAL MOUNTAINS. Brazil. 
 
 I? Cart. No. 517. 
 
 / SHOOTING CONDORS. The author and his men, in the Eastern 
 Sierra of the Andes. 
 
 Cart. No. 518. 
 
 MACOUCHI VILLAGE. The author painting the chief. 
 
 Cart. No. 519. 
 
 RETURN FROM A TURTLE HUNT. Connibo Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 520. 
 
 FINISHING A CANOE. Marahua Indians, upper Amazon, 
 That tribe is not annoyed with dress. 
 
80 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 521. 
 
 EXCAVATING A CANOE with fire. Chetibo Indians, Yucajali. 
 Cart. No. 522. 
 
 ENCAMPMENT OF PATAGONS. Pickett harbor, Strait of Ma 
 gellan. 
 
 Cart. No. 523. 
 
 WILD HORSES in the Pampa del Sacramento. 
 Cart. No. 524. 
 
 VIEW ON THE Rio PARANA. Wild peaches and oranges in 
 vast quantities. 
 
 Cart. No. 525. 
 
 MASQUERADE DANCE of the Payaguas Indians, Rio Paraguay. 
 Cart. No. 526. 
 
 A LENGUA VILLAGE, on the Uruguay. 
 Cart. No. 527. 
 
 A BOCCALIE VILLAGE, Rio Uruguay. 
 Cart. No. 528. 
 
 MODELING POTTERY, Connibo Indians, Rio Yucayali. 
 Cart. No. 529. 
 
 BAKING POTTERY, Counibo Indians. 
 Cart. No. 530. 
 
 CONNIBO PIPES, of burnt clay. 
 Cart. No. 531. 
 
 SPEARING BY TORCHLIGHT. Marahua Indians, upper Amazon. 
 Cart. No. 532. 
 
 RECONNOITERING A HERD OF WILD CATTLE, on the Pampa del 
 Sacramento, Connibo Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 533. 
 
 WILD CATTLE GRAZING on the Pampa del Sacramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 534. 
 
 SPEARING BY TORCHLIGHT, Xingu Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 535. 
 
 SPEARING BY MOONLIGHT, Chaco Indians, Rio Paraguay. 
 
 Cart. No. 536. 
 
 DRIVING THE PAMPAS for wild cattle, Connibo Indians. 
 
 / Cart. No. 537. 
 
 I THROWING THE BOLAS, for wild horses, Connibo Indians. 
 
SOUTH AMERICA. 81 
 
 Cart. No. 538. 
 
 AN OREJONA SMALL TILLAGE. The author painting the chief 
 and his two wives. (Boat sketches.) Upper Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 539. 
 
 AN OMAGUA TILLAGE, southern shore of the upper Amazon, 
 
 the author getting the portrait of the chief and wife, 
 
 from his boat. (Boat sketch.) 
 
 Cart. No. 540. 
 
 A MURA ENCAMPMENT, shore of the upper Amazon, the author 
 
 sketching the chief and wife from his boat. (A loaf 
 
 sketch.) 
 
 Cart. No. 541. 
 
 A MAYORUNA TILLAGE, north shore of the upper Amazon, the 
 author gets his sketches from the cupola of his boat. 
 
 Cart. No. 542. 
 
 A YA-HU-A TILLAGE. The author getting his portraits and 
 sketches whilst the boatman is trading for fish and 
 turtles eggs, south shore of the upper Amazon. 
 (Boat sketch.) 
 
 Cart. No. 543. 
 
 TIEW OF THE SHORE OF THE AMAZON above the mouth of the 
 Rio Jupura. (Boat sketch.) 
 
 Cart. No. 544. 
 
 ENCAMPMENT OF COCOMAS, looking ashore from the steamer, 
 north bank of upper Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 545. 
 
 TAPUYA ENCAMPMENT. The author ashore, and the Indians 
 
 giving the war dance, north shore of the Amazon, 
 
 above Obidos. 
 
 Cart. No. 546. 
 
 MAUIIEES ENCAMPMENT, looking ashore from the steamer, be 
 low Rio Negro, lower Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 547. 
 
 TIEW AT THE MOUTH OF Rio PQRUS, upper Amazon, above 
 the Barra. 
 
 Cart. No. 548. 
 
 A MIRITI FOREST, mouth of Orinoko. Caribbe Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 549. 
 
 A LA.GOON, of the upper Amazon. The Alligator s Home. 
 
82 SOUTH AMERICA. 
 
 Cart. No. 550. 
 
 PAINTING THE TOBOS CHIEF, Rio Negro, Uruguay. 
 
 Cart. No. 551. 
 
 A TOBOS SMALL TILLAGE, Uruguay. 
 
 Cart. No. 552. 
 
 IGNIS FATUUS, Rio Uruguay. 
 
 Cart. No. 553. 
 
 AN ALLIGATOR S NEST. Lagoon of the Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 554. 
 
 ENTRANCE TO A LAGOON, shore of the Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 555. 
 
 A CONNIBO VILLAGE, on the border of the Pampa del Sacra 
 mento. 
 Cart. No. 556. 
 BAND OF WILD HORSES, on the Pampa del Sacramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 557. 
 
 CONNIBOS, starting for wild horses, with lassos, Pampa del 
 Sacramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 558. 
 
 " GRAND L AVOIR," Pampa del Sacramento. The wild horses r 
 come to these pools in vast herds, and, exhausted 
 from thirst, many kill each other in terrible conflicts, 
 and others die from over-drinking, and their bones 
 whiten the plains for miles around. 
 
 Cart. No. 559. 
 
 PAINTING THE LENGUA CHIEF, shore of the Uruguay. 
 
 Cart. No. 560. 
 
 SHORE OF THE URUGUAY. Making a sketch, below Conception. 
 
 Cart. No. 561. 
 
 YIEW ON THE PAMPA DEL SACRAMENTO the Andes in dis 
 tance. 
 
 Cart. No. 562. 
 
 LENGUA INDIANS ascending the Rapids of Rio Uruguay. 
 
 Cart. No. 563. 
 
 A SMALL LENGUA VILLAGE. The author painting the chief 
 and wife from his canoe. Rio Uruguay. 
 
SOUTH AMERICA. 83 
 
 Cart. No. 564. 
 
 A SMALL LENGUA VILLAGE, Uruguay. 
 Cart. No. 565. 
 
 A SMALL TILLAGE. Payaguas Indians, lower Uruguay. 
 Cart. No. 566. 
 
 A SMALL VILLAGE of Remos Indians, border of Patnpa del 
 Sacramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 567. 
 
 HOUSE DANCE. Remos Indians. Border of Pampa del Sac 
 ramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 568. 
 
 BREAKING WILD HORSES. Pacapacurus Indians. Border of 
 Pampa del Sacramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 569. 
 
 MASQUERADE DANCE. Remos Indians. "Western border of 
 Pampa del Sacramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 570. 
 
 ORANGE AND PALM GROVES. Northern border of Pampa del 
 Sacramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 571. 
 
 A CANOE BATTLE. Chetibos and Connibos. Rio Yucayali. 
 Cart. No. 572. 
 
 A CHETIBO VILLAGE. Eastern shore of Rio Yucayali. The 
 women drying fish. 
 
 Cart. No. 573. 
 
 CHETIBOS, PASSING THE LOWER RAPIDS. Rio Yucayali. 
 Cart. No. 574. 
 
 A FOREST OF MONKEYS. Rio Yucayali. 
 Cart. No. 575. 
 
 A SEPIBO VILLAGE. Rio Yucayali, west bank. 
 Cart. No. 576. 
 
 TRANSPORTING HORSE HAIR AND HORSE HIDES. Pacapacurus 
 Indians. Pampa del Sacramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 577. 
 
 CONNIBO INDIANS MOURNING for the death of an infant. 
 
 Cart. No. 578. 
 
 A MEDICINE MAN (SORCERER). Visiting a sick woman. Con 
 nibos, Rio Yucayali. 
 
84: SOUTH AMEEIOA. 
 
 Cart. No. 579. 
 
 NET FISHING. Connibo Indians. 
 
 Cart. No. 580. 
 
 YIEW IN THE GRAND RAPIDS. Chetibo Indians passing the 
 " Grand Chute " in their canoes. Rio Yucayali. 
 
 Cart. No. 58 L 
 
 SEPLBO ENCAMPMENT. Gathering turtles eggs. Rio Yu 
 cayali. 
 
 Cart. No. 582. 
 
 OMAGUA INDIANS (group of) at ISTauta, upper Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 583. 
 
 IQUITO INDIANS DANCING for presents, before the passengers 
 
 of the steamer Marajo, at E"auta, upper Amazon. 
 
 1854. 
 
 Cart. No. 584. 
 
 MOUTH OF Rio PURUS, upper Amazon. 
 
 Cart. ^b. 585/ 
 
 INDIAN WOMEN (COCOMAS) bringing fish and turtles eggs into 
 Nauta, upper Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 586. 
 
 A CANOE RACE, by Cocoma and Iquito women. 
 
 Cart. No. 587. 
 
 A GROUP OF YAHUA BOYS. Upper Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 588. 
 
 YAHUA BOYS, practicing with their blow-guns (sarbacanes). 
 
 Cart. No. 589. 
 
 THE MOUTH OF Rio YUCAYALI. 
 
 Cart. No. 590. 
 
 INTERIOR OF AN IQUITO WIGWAM, upper Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 591. 
 
 A CONNIBO WIGWAM. Border of Pampa del Sacramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 592. 
 
 PACAPACURUS VILLAGE. Border of Pampa del Sacramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 593. 
 
 INDIANS, CONNIBO, in a storm, on the Pampa del Sacramento. 
 
SOUTH AMERICA. 85 
 
 Cart. No. 594. 
 
 HALTING TO MAKE A SKETCH. Border of the Pampa del Sac 
 ramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 595. 
 
 A CONNIBO SMALL TILLAGE. Border of the Pampa del Sac 
 ramento. 
 
 Cart. No. 596. 
 
 SPEARING BY TORCHLIGHT, on the Amazon. 
 Cart. No. 597. 
 
 SPEARING BY TORCHLIGHT, on the Amazon. 
 Cart. No. 598. 
 
 SPEARING BY TORCHLIGHT, on the Amazon. 
 Cart. No. 599. 
 
 TICUMA INDIANS. Brigade of canoes returning from a fishing 
 excursion. Upper Amazon, north shore. 
 
 Cart. No. 600. 
 
 TICUMA INDIANS, drying fish. Shore of the upper Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 601. 
 
 YIEW OF TABATINGA, from the river below. 
 
 Cart. No. 602. 
 
 GROUP OF MAYORUNAS. Children. Upper Amazon. 
 
 Cart. No. 603. 
 
 AN INDIAN WEDDING.- Omagua Indians, upper Amazon. 
 
APPENDIX A. 
 
 THIS note will explain the vexatious difficulties about Indian 
 names in South America, and also communicate some curious inci 
 dents of voyage worth being known. 
 
 From 1852 to 1857, 1 made three voyages from Paris to South 
 and Central America. In my first voyage, I left Para, mouth of 
 Amazon, on the steamer Marajo, having been advised to visit the 
 numerous Catholic missions on the Amazon and its confluents, as the 
 means of making my Indian portraits and other sketches on the 
 shores of that river. 
 
 I visited one of these, and was received and treated with kind 
 ness. I stayed nearly two weeks, and, owing to their superstitions, 
 got not one sitter. The civilized Indians about these establishments 
 did not suit me ; the time and expense I could not afford ; and with 
 unfortunate deafness (making me a tedious guest among strangers), 
 to listen to the thousand questions put to me in Spanish and Lingua 
 Geral (neither of which did I at that time understand), though kindly 
 meant, worried me, and having an English passport with an English 
 name, I could not be known in that suspicious country as Geo. 
 Catlin with a different name in my pocket. In this dilemma, I re 
 turned to Para, and soon looked up Smyth, who had crossed the 
 Acarai Mountains with me from British Guiana, and who had stopped 
 in Para, with nothing as yet to do, and with him I took steamer to 
 the Barra, to Tabatinga and Nauta. At the latter place I found 
 a Portuguese, the owner of a cupola trading boat, with whom I 
 made an arrangement to descend the Amazon with us to Obidos, a 
 distance of 1,000 miles, giving me every opportunity of stopping in 
 front of the various Indian villages and making my sketches. The 
 cupola enabled us three to sleep comfortably, and was a good atelier 
 in which to finish up my sketches as we moved along; and with 
 the exhilarating prospect before me of seeing, face to face, and in 
 their native habits and expressions, ten thousand Indians, and the 
 magnificent shores of the Amazon, we started off. 
 
 The owner of the boat, a river trader, was familiar with the 
 localities of most of the tribes of the upper Amazon, and though not 
 speaking their languages, had a tolerable facility of conversation 
 with them by signs manual. 
 
 With these advantages, I trusted to getting my sketches as we 
 descended the river, anchoring our boat in front of their villages and 
 encampments, as we might discover them. 
 
 In the first day of our voyage, we anchored in front of a small 
 village, and the boatman, who knew the chief, invited him and his 
 wife on board, and I made a portrait of him. 
 
 It was taken ashore and created a great excitement among the 
 crowd, and his wife agreed to be painted the next morning, and came 
 with the chief for the purpose. I asked the chief for his name, to be 
 
88 APPENDIX. 
 
 put on the back of the portrait, but a medicine man who came on 
 board with them raised violent objections to it, alleging that if the 
 chief gave his name to be put on the back of the picture, he would be 
 a man without a name, and that some harm would certainly accrue to 
 him. "This man," said he to the chief, "has got your skin, from 
 the top of your head to the bottom of your feet, and in a little time 
 he will have glass eyes in it. How will you feel then ? how will you 
 sleep ? A few years since, several such things were made at the 
 Barra, and every one who was painted, or some of their relatives, 
 died soon after." 
 
 At this the wife of the chief became frightened, and refused to 
 be painted ; and when she was told that I was going to take the 
 chief s portrait with me, she commenced crying and howling in the 
 most piteous manner, and the affrighted crowd dispersed on the shore. 
 A bright-colored cotton shawl, however, quieted the poor woman, 
 and as we were about to start off, the medicine mean bawled out to us 
 sarcastically, as he turned his back upon us, the chief s name, no 
 doubt, from his manner, and as the boatman said, a fictitious one. 
 
 We moved on and soon were in front of an encampment of some 
 fifty or sixty, a fishing party of the same tribe. We anchored at the 
 shore, and brought the whole party to the water s edge, but, for no 
 consideration that we could offer, would any one allow his portrait 
 to be painted, and we moved along again. 
 
 From the events of those two days, I foresaw the difficulties ahead 
 of me, and was nearly discouraged. The shores of this mighty river, 
 lined with tens of thousands of human beings unchanged by civiliza 
 tion, and in their simple, native habits and in their own homes, the 
 most interesting display of savage life that could appear to me during 
 my existence, and for which alone I was a voluntary and unknown 
 exile to this distant land, and my project to be lost, or to be achieved 
 by a manoeuvre. 
 
 A council was held, and it was resolved that my sketches must 
 be made (if made at all), without their knowledge, and without excit 
 ing their suspicions. 
 
 Our boat was afterwards anchored in front of their villages and 
 encampments, some four or five yards from the shore, bringing the 
 excited groups with their toes to the water s edge, when 1 took my 
 pick of them, at full length, as my portfolio was screened from their 
 view by the bulwark of the boat or by the transparent sides of the 
 cupola ; whilst Smyth, conspicuous in his scarlet capot, riveted their 
 attention by discharging cylinder after cylinder of my revolver rifle, 
 the first ever seen on that river ; and if the seance was not long 
 enough for my object, the boatman held them amused with his fiddle, 
 which often set them to dancing and at other amusements, or dis 
 played on the bulwark of his boat a variety of bright-colored cotton 
 shawls and other attractive objects with which, as a trader, he was 
 supplied, and struck up a trade for fish, fruit, and turtles eggs, with 
 which we were in this way abundantly supplied. 
 
 Our halts were more often in front of their encampments and 
 
APPENDIX. 
 
 89 
 
 fishing parties than before their villages, for there my plans were 
 not impeded or learned by the inquisitive gaucho population, who 
 live in or contiguous to most of the Indian villages. 
 
 By this means, during the sixty-nine days which took us to 
 Obidos, I obtained what I never could have obtained in any other 
 way. I saw and made my sketches amongst thirty different tribes, 
 containing many thousands of those simple people, in their canoes, at 
 their fishing occupations, and in groups at the river s shore; and^our 
 little boat, being subject to my own control, enabled me to run into 
 the coves and lagoons inaccessible to steamers, and to see and 
 sketch the unknown grandeur of those solitudes the gloomy but 
 decorated abodes of reptiles and alligators. 
 
 By the mode explained (and by that mode alone) I was sure of 
 obtaining their portraits, and sure of bringing them away, and as sure 
 of losing their unimportant names, after having painted my pic 
 tures ; for to have demanded their names would have excited their 
 suspicions and superstitions, and defeated my object. And if asked 
 for and given, no correct translation could have been obtained 
 through our signs manual. 
 
 My portraits and sketches of scenery in South America, have 
 nearly all been made in boats or canoes, alike on the Amazon, the 
 Uruguay, and the Yucayali, or in the open air of the Pampas or 
 Llanos, as seen in my numerous paintings, without interpreta 
 tions, that would authorize me to hold myself responsible for the 
 correctness of any names thus procured. 
 
 These timid and superstitious people would not give their real 
 names to strangers passing them in a boat, and would be very great 
 fools if they did. 
 
 I had too much character and type constantly before me to 
 think much of Indian names, and of those which my men picked up on 
 the shore, correctly or incorrectly given, and which I had registered, 
 I have struck out many ; and for the correctness of the rest (not to 
 mislead any one), I am unwilling to vouch, being under the convic 
 tion that more or less of them are wrong. 
 
 In my travels in North America also, in my remotest wander 
 ings, when I have met and painted Indians in the prairies, away 
 from their villages, I have had no faith in their names given, as all 
 Indians, away from home, on war parties or hunting excursions, 
 refuse to give their real names to strangers whom they meet ; and if 
 they have an interpreter with them, he is instructed, at the peril of 
 his life, to keep their individual identity unknown. 
 
 In that hemisphere, also, where the Indians are more intelligent, 
 less superstitious, and more warlike, and their names more cele 
 brated and more important, when 1 have painted them in their 
 villages or in the trading establishments, I have generally obtained, 
 with accuracy, their names, with translations, as seen in the forepart 
 of this catalogue; and even there, the most famous of them take 
 new names for every great achievement. 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
APPENDIX B. 
 
 Synopsis of the author s roamings in gathering the 
 paintings enumerated in this Catalogue. 
 
 In the years 1830 and 1831 (40 years ago) I accompanied Gov 
 ernor Clark, of St. Louis, then Superintendent of Indian Affairs, to 
 treaties held with the Winnebagos and Menomonies, the Shawanos, 
 and Sacs and Foxes, and in these interviews began the series of my 
 Indian paintings. 
 
 In 1831 I visited, with Governor Clark, the Konzas, and, return 
 ing to St. Louis, painted the portraits of " Black Hawk" and five of 
 his warriors, prisoners of war at Jefferson Barracks, at the close of 
 the "Black Hawk War." 
 
 In the spring of 1832 I ascended the Missouri, on the steamer 
 " Yellow Stone," to Fort Union, mouth of Yellow Stone River, and 
 descended the Missouri to St. Louis, in a canoe, with two men, a 
 distance of 2,000 miles, steering it the whole way with my own pad-* 
 die ; and in that campaign visited and painted the Mandans, Crows, 
 Blackfeet, K nisteneux, Assinneboins, Minatarrees, Riccarrees, Sioux, 
 Puncahs, and lowas. 
 
 In the summer of 1833 I ascended the Platte to Fort Laramie, 
 visiting the two principal villages of the Pawnees, and also the 
 Omahas and Ottoes, and at t ..e Fort saw a great number of Arapa- 
 hos and Cheyennes, and rode to the shores of the Great Salt Lake, 
 when the Mormons were yet building their Temple at Nauvoo, on 
 the Mississippi (38 years ago). 
 
 In the spring of 1834 I ascended the Mississippi, to the Fall of 
 St. Anthony, saw the Mississippi Sioux, the Ojibbeways, and Sau- 
 kies, and descended the Mississippi to St. Louis 900 miles in a 
 bark canoe, with one man, Corporal Allen, steering with my own 
 paddle. 
 
 In 1835 I made a second visit to the Fall of St. Anthony, steam 
 ing from Buffalo to Green Bay ascending the Fox, and descending 
 the Wisconsin rivers, 600 miles, in a bark canoe, to Prairie du Chien, 
 and thence by canoe, 450 miles, to the fall of St. Anthony. From 
 the Fall of St. Anthony I ascended the St. Peter s to the " Pipe 
 Stone Quarry," on the Coteau des Prairies, and descended the St. 
 Peter s in a canoe with my English companion, Mr. Wood, 150 
 miles, to the Fall of St. Anthony, and from that, a second time, to 
 St. Louis, in a bark canoe, 900 miles, steering with my own paddle. 
 
 In the spring of 1836 I obtained permission from Governor Cass 
 (then Secretary of War) to accompany the 1st Regiment of Mounted 
 Dragoons, under the command of Colonel Dodge, to the Camanchees 
 and other southwestern tribes. We saw in the campaign of that 
 summer all of the Camanchees, the Osages, the Pawnee Picts, the 
 
APPENDIX. 91 
 
 Kiowas, and Wicos, and, at the Kiowa village, a large number of 
 Arapahos ; and visiting the Pawnee Picts, an encampment of Jic- 
 carrilla Apaches and Navahos ; and at and near Fort Gibson, on the 
 Arkansaw, the Cherokees, the Choctaws, and Creeks, then recently 
 removed from Georgia and Alabama. 
 
 From Fort Gibson, on my horse " Charley," without a road or a 
 track, and alone, I rode to St, Louis, a distance of 550 miles, guided 
 by my pocket compass, and swimming the rivers, as I met them. 
 
 In 1837 I went to the coast of Florida, to see the Seminolees and 
 Euchees ; and in 1838 made a voyage from New York to Charleston, 
 to paint Osceola and the other Seminolee chiefs, then prisoners of 
 war. 
 
 1 afterwards made my Exhibition in New York, Philadelphia, 
 Washington, and Boston, and then went to London and opened in 
 the Egyptian Hall, paying rent, 500 per annum, for three years ; 
 then went to Paris with it, showed it in the " Salle Valentino," and 
 afterwards, by command of Louis Philippe, in the " Salle des Se 
 ances," in the Louvre. The revolution turned me out " neck and 
 heels," and, at great expense I got my Collection out of Paris and 
 to London, and opened in Place Waterloo, for two years. 
 
 In 1852 I sailed to Havanna, to Venezuela, went to the Orinoko 
 and Demerara ; ascended the Essequibo, crossed the Tumucamache 
 (or Crystal) Mountains, to the head-waters of the Trombutas, which 
 I descended in a pirogue, to the Amazon, at Obidos, as described in 
 " Life amongst the Indians " (Appleton), and from that to Para, hav 
 ing seen Carribbees, Gooagives, Arowaks, Way away s, Macouchies, 
 Tarumas, and Zurumatis, 
 
 From Para (near 20 years ago), I took steamer to the Barra, to 
 Tabatinga, and Nauta ; from Nauta I descended the Amazon to Obi 
 dos, 1,000 miles, in a cupola boat, as described in Appendix A of 
 this catalogue, helping to row my own boat, and seeing 30 of the 
 100 tribes of Indians said to inhabit the shores of that river. 
 
 I afterwards ascended the Amazon again, and went on a gold- 
 hunting expedition to the Acarai Mountain, described in " Last 
 Rambles" (a juvenile book, Appleton). Returning to the Amazon 
 I took an ascending steamer to Nauta, and ascended the Yucayali to 
 the Connibos, 400 miles, and made a tour on horseback across the 
 " Pampas del Sacramento," to the base of the eastern sierra of the 
 Andes, making many sketches of the beautiful pampas and moun 
 tains. And seeing on the Yucayali and the Pampas, the Remos, 
 Pacapacurus, the Connibos, the Chetibos, and Sepibos ; descended 
 the Yucayali in a pirogue to Nauta, crossed the mountains by the 
 mail route to Lima, steamed to Panama, to St. Diego, and San Fran 
 cisco, and took a sailing vessel to the mouth of Columbia, to Nootka 
 Sound, Queen Charlotte s Inlet and Island, to Liska, in the Alaeutian 
 Islands, to Kamskatka, to Sitka, back to Queen Charlotte s, and to 
 Victoria, seeing Indians Klahoquats, Hydas, Nay as, Chippewyans, 
 Stone, Dogrib, Athapascas, Esquimaux, Alaeutians, and the Koriaks 
 about Petropolovski, in Kamskatka. 
 
Vz APPENDIX. 
 
 From Victoria I went to the Dalles, on the Columbia, to Walla 
 Walla, and on horseback to the Salmon River Valley, crossed the 
 Salmon River Mountains into the Snake River Valley at Fort Hall, 
 made a visit to the Great (or "Smoky") Falls of the Snake River, 
 made many sketches, and returned to Walla Walla, to Portland, and 
 thence by steamer to San Francisco and St. Diego; having seen 
 Indians Paunch (a band of Crows), Walla Wallas, Snakes, and 
 Flatheads in many^ bands. 
 
 From St. Diego, on horseback, crossing the Colorado of the 
 West at La Paz, and Rocky Mountains to St. Diego on the Ria 
 Grande del Norte, and from that point, in a " dug-out," steering with 
 my own paddle, descended that river to El Paso, and to Matamoras, 
 800 miles, seeing Indians, Cochemtees, Mohaves, Yumas, Yumayas, 
 and several bands of the Apachees. 
 
 In 1855, from Matamoras, I sailed for Sisal, in Yucatan visited 
 the ruins of Uxmal, painted Indians, Mayas; sailed from Sisal to 
 Havre, went to Paris, and to Berlin to see my old friend the Baron 
 de Humboldt, then in his 87th year, who presented me to the king 
 and queen at " Sans Souci," and gave me a letter of introduction to 
 Baron Bonpland in Santana, in Uruguay, to which place I was pre 
 paring to start in a few days. 
 
 I took steamer at Havre in the fall of that year for Rio de Janeiro 
 and Buenos Ayres, from Buenos Ay res by steamer, up the Paraguay 
 to the mouth of the Parana, ascended the Parana on a trading boat 
 700 miles, and crossed the " Entre Rios " Mountains to Conception, 
 on the headwaters of the Uruguay, and descended that river, 700 
 miles, in a pirogue, to the mouth of the Rio Negro, steering with my 
 own paddle, and thence to Buenos Ayres, seeing Indians, Chaymas, 
 Chacos, Payaguas, Botocudos, and Tobos, and, in a ride to the Ria 
 Salaclo and the " Grand Saline," saw the Aucas and Puelches. 
 
 From Buenos Ayres, in 1856, by a sailing packet, I coasted the 
 whole length of Patagonia, and passed through the Strait of Magel 
 lan, seeing Indians, an encampment of Patagons and Fuegians ; 
 sailed to Panama ; by rail went to Chagres, and thence to Car- 
 raccas, in Venezuela, a second time, and to Santa Martha and the 
 lake and mountains of Maricaybo, to witness the effects of the cata 
 clysm of the Antilles, where the Andes chain was broken, and of 
 which some account (as well as of some of my last rambles of three 
 years, to see rocks, not Indians) will be seen in my little book, 
 " Lifted and Subsided Rocks of America." 
 
 GEO. CATLIN. 
 
APPENDIX C. 
 
 CERTIFICATES. 
 
 " Mandan Religious Ceremony" 
 
 " We, the undersigned, hereby certify that we witnessed with 
 Mr. Catlin, the four days religious ceremony of the Mandans, and 
 that he has faithfully represented those scenes in his four paintings, 
 to which this certificate is attached, as we saw them transacted, 
 without addition or exaggeration. 
 
 J. KIPP, 
 
 Agent of Fur Company at Fort Clarke, Mandan Village. 
 " L. CRAWFORD, 
 
 Clerk of do. 
 
 "ABRAHAM BOGARD, 
 Mandan Village, 23d July, 1832." 
 
 Letter from Baron de Eamboldt to the Author. 
 
 "^POTSDAM, BERLIN, 9th June, 1856. 
 " To GEORGE CATLIN, ESQ., care of Aime Bonpland. in Uruguay, 
 
 South America : 
 
 " My Dear Friend^-* * * * * * 
 
 An immense scrap-book on the North American Indians, written by 
 Schoolcraft, for the government of the United States, in three huge 
 volumes, has been sent to me as a present ; and I find, in looking 
 into it, that he denies the truth of your descriptions of the Mandan 
 Religious Ceremonies? distinctly saying that they are contrary to 
 facts, and that they are the works of your imagination, &c. 
 
 " Now, my dear and esteemed friend, this charge, made by such 
 a man as Schoolcraft, and under the authority of the government of 
 the United States? to stand in the libraries of the scientific institu 
 tions of the whole civilized world, to which they are being sent as 
 presents from your government, is calculated, not only to injure 
 your hard-earned good name, but to destroy the value of your pre 
 cious works, through all ages, unless you take immediate steps with 
 the government of your country to counteract its effects. 
 
 " I have often conversed with our illustrious traveler in America, 
 the Prince Maximilian, of Neuweid, who spent a winter with the 
 Mandans, subsequent to your visit to them, and gained information 
 from the chiefs, entirely corroborating your descriptions. You 
 should write to the Prince at once, and getting a letter from him 
 (with your other proofs), lay it before the government of your 
 country, which cannot fail, by some legislative act, to do you jus 
 tice. Your sincere friend, 
 
 A. HUMBOLDT. 
 
94: APPENDIX. 
 
 On my return from South America, as advised in the above letter, I wrote 
 to the Prince Maximilian as follows : 
 
 Letter from Geo. Cutlin to Prince Maximilian, of 
 
 BRUXELLES, December 2, 1866. 
 
 Dear Prince Since we traveled together on the upper Missouri, 
 Mr. Schoolcraft, who has published a large work on the North 
 American Indians, for the United States government, and who 
 never had the industry or the courage to go within one thousand 
 miles of the Mandans, has endeavored to impeach my descriptions 
 of the Mandan religious ceremonies, which, as the tribe has become 
 extinct, he has supposed rested on my testimony alone. In his 
 great work, " under the authority of the government," and presented 
 to the literary and scientific institutions of the whole civilized world, 
 he has denied that those voluntary tortures ever took place, and has 
 attributed them to my " very fertile imagination," tending, there 
 fore, to deprive ethnology of the most extraordinary custom of the 
 North American Indians, and to render my name infamous in all 
 future ages, unless 1 can satisfactorily refute so foul a calumny. 
 
 Your highness spent the winter with the Mandans, subsequent to 
 the summer season in which I witnessed those ceremonies, and, of 
 course, lived in the constant society of Mr. Kip, the fur trader at 
 that post, who witnessed, in company with me, the whole of those 
 four days ceremonies, and interpreted everything for me, and from 
 whom you, no doubt, drew a detailed account of those scenes as we 
 saw them together. 
 
 I send you with this letter my four oil paintings of those four 
 days ceremonies, made, as they now are, in the Mandan village, and 
 seen and approved by the chiefs and the whole tribe, and having 
 attached to their backs the certificates of Mr. Kipp and two 
 other men who were with us, that " those paintings represent 
 strictly what we saw, and without exaggeration." 
 
 I send you also herewith the manuscript of a work (" 0-Jcee-pa"), 
 descriptive of those ceremonies, which I am about to publish ; and 
 on reading this and examining my paintings, you will be able to 
 inform me and the world, how far my descriptions of those scenes 
 will be supported by information gathered by yourself from Mr. 
 Kipp and others, during the winter which you spent in the Mandan 
 village, and for which 1 shall feel deeply indebted. 
 
 Your highness obedient servant, 
 
 GEO. CATLIN. 
 
 Letter from Prince Maximilian ofNeuwied. 
 
 "NEUWIED, PRUSSIA, December 20, 1866. 
 " To Mr. GEORGE CATLIN : 
 
 " Dear Sir Your letter of 2d December came safely to hand, 
 and revived the quite forgotten recollections of my stay among the 
 Indian tribes of the Missouri, now thirty -three years past. 
 
APPENDIX. 95 
 
 " The Mandan tribe, which we both have known so well, and 
 with whom I passed a whole winter, was one of the first to be des 
 troyed by a terrible disease, when all the distinguished chiefs, Mah- 
 to-toh-pa, Char-a-ta, Nu-ma-ka-kie, etc., etc., died ; and it is doubtful 
 if a single man of them remained to record the history, customs, and 
 religious ideas of his people. 
 
 " Not having been, like yourself, an eye-witness of those re 
 markable starvations and tortures of the 0-kee-pa. but having 
 arrived later, and spent the whole of a winter with the Mandans, I 
 received from all the distinguished chiefs, and from Mr. Kipp (at 
 that time director of Tort Clarke, at the Mandan village, and an 
 excellent interpreter of the Mandan language), the most detailed and 
 complete record and description of the 0-kee-pa festival, where the 
 young men suffered a great deal ; and I can attest your relation of it 
 to be a correct one, after all that I heard and observed myself. 
 
 " In my description of my voyage in North America (English 
 edition) I gave a very detailed description of the 0-kee-pa, as it was 
 reported to me by all the chiefs and Mr. Kipp, and it is about the 
 same that you told and nobody would doubt our veracity 1 hope. 
 
 " I know most of the American works published on the American 
 Indians, and I possess many of them ; but it would be a labor too 
 heavy for my age of eighty-five years, to recapitulate them all. 
 
 " Schoolcraft is a writer who knows well the Indians of his own 
 part of the country, but I do not know his last large work on that 
 matter. If he should doubt what we have both told in our works, 
 of the great Medicine festivities of the 0-kee-pa, he would be wrong, 
 certainly. 
 
 "If my statement, as that of a witness, could be of use to you, I 
 should be very pleased. 
 
 " Your obedient, 
 (Signed) MAX, PRINCE OF NEUWIED." 
 
 The " 0-kee-pa" (Religious ceremony of the Mandans) has just 
 been published in full, with 13 colored illustrations, by Trabner, 
 60 Paternoster Row, London, and by Lippincott of Philadelphia; 
 and the autograph letter of Prince Maximilian, written in English, 
 of which the above is a literal copy, and printed in the work, is in 
 Mr. Trubner s possession, and since the death of the Prince Maxi 
 milian, that letter has been duly attested by Baron Bibra, Director of 
 the Finances of his Highness the Prince; and by the Mayor of Neu- 
 weid, with the seal of the town of Neuwied attached to it. 
 
 Remark. The iniquity exposed in the above correspondence, of 
 endeavoring to impeach my veracity, under the indorsement of the 
 " Government of the United States," whilst I was yet risking my 
 life in the wilderness, gathering material for the history of my 
 country, will be easily understood without comment, and its object 
 appreciated by all who read. 
 
 AUTHOR. 
 
INDIAN PORTRAITS. 
 
 CERTIFICATES. 
 
 I hereby certify that the persons whose signatures are affixed to 
 the certificates used below, by Mr. Catlin, are officers in the service 
 of the United States, as herein set forth ; and that their opinions of 
 the accuracy of the likenesses, and correctness of the views, etc., ex 
 hibited by him in his " Indian Gallery," are entitled to full credit. 
 J. R. POINSETT, Secretary of War, Washington. 
 
 With regard to the gentlemen whose names are affixed to cer 
 tificates below, I am fully warranted in saying, that no individuals 
 have had better opportunity of acquiring a knowledge of the persons, 
 habits, costumes and sports of the Indian tribes, or possess stronger 
 claims upon the public confidence in the statements they make 
 respecting the correctness of delineation, etc., of Mr. Catlin s " Indian 
 Gallery ;" and I may add my own testimony with regard to many 
 of those Indians whom I have seen, and w r hose likenesses are in the 
 collection and sketched with fidelity and correctness. 
 
 C. A. HARRIS, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Washington. 
 
 I have seen Mr. Catlin s collection of Portraits of Indians, many 
 of which were familiar to me, and painted in my presence ; and as 
 far as they have included Indians of my acquaintance, the likenesses 
 are easily recognized, bearing the most striking resemblance to the 
 originals, as well as faithful representations of their costumes. 
 
 W. CLARK, Superintendent of Indian Affairs, St. Louis. 
 
 I have examined Mr. Catlin s collection of the Upper Missouri In 
 dians to the Rocky Mountains, all of which 1 am acquainted with, and 
 indeed most of them were painted when I was present, and I do not 
 hesitate to pronounce them correct likenesses, and readily to be re 
 cognized. And I consider the costumes, as painted by him, to be the 
 only correct representations I have ever seen. 
 
 JOHN F. A. SANFORD, 
 
 U. S. Indian Agent for Mandans, Rickarees, Minatarees, 
 Crows, K nisteneaux, Assinneboins, Blackfeet, etc. 
 
 Having examined Mr. Catlin s collection of Portraits of Indians 
 of the Missouri and Rocky Mountains, I have no hesitation in pro 
 nouncing them, so far as I am acquainted with the individuals, to be 
 the best I have ever seen, both as regards the expression of coun 
 tenance and the exact and complete manner in which the costume 
 has been painted by him. 
 
 J. L. BEAN, S. Agent for Indian Affairs. 
 
APPENDIX. 97 
 
 I have been for many years past in familiar acquaintance with 
 the Indian tribes of the tipper Missouri and the Rocky Mountains, 
 and also with the landscape and other scenes represented in Mr. 
 Catlin s collection, and it gives me great pleasure to assure the 
 world that, on looking them over, I found the likenesses of my old 
 friends easily to be recognized, and his sketches of Manners and 
 Customs to be portrayed with singular truth and correctness. 
 
 J. PILCHER, Agent for Upper Missouri Indians. 
 
 It gives me great pleasure in being enabled to add my name to 
 the list of those who have spontaneously expressed their approbation 
 of Mr. Catlin s collection of Indian Paintings. His collection of 
 materials places it in his power to throw much light on the Indian 
 character ; and his portraits, so far as I have seen them, are drawn 
 with great fidelity as to character and likeness. 
 
 H. SCHOOLCRAFT, Indian Agent for Wisconsin Territory. 
 
 Having lived and dealt with the Blackfoot Indians for five years 
 past, I was enabled to recognize every one of the portraits of those 
 people, and of the Crows also, which Mr. Catlin has in his collection, 
 from the faithful likenesses they bore to the originals. 
 
 St. Louis, 1835. J. E. BRAZEAU. 
 
 Having spent sixteen years in the continual acquaintance with 
 the Indians of the several tribes of the Missouri represented in Mr. 
 Catlin s Gallery of Indian Paintings, I was enabled to judge of the 
 correctness of the likeness, and I instantly recognized every one of 
 them, when I looked them over, from the striking resemblance they 
 bore to the originals; so, also, of the landscapes on the Missouri. 
 
 HONORE PICOTTE. 
 
 The portraits in the possession of Mr. Catlin, of Pawnee Picts, 
 Kioways, Camanches, Weecos, and Osages, were painted by him 
 from life, when on a tour to their country with the United States 
 Dragoons. The likenesses are good, very easy to be recognized, and 
 the costumes faithfully represented. 
 
 HENRY DODGE, Col. of Drag. 
 
 R. H. MASON, Major of ditto. 
 
 D. HUNTER, Capt. of ditto. 
 
 D. PERKINS, Capt of ditto. 
 
 M. DUNCAN, ditto. 
 
 T. B. WHEELOCK, Lieut, ditto. 
 
 We have seen Mr. Catlin s Portraits of Indians east of the Rocky 
 Mountains, many of which are familiar to us : the likenesses are 
 easily recognized, bearing a strong resemblance to the originals, as 
 well as faithful representations of their costumes. 
 
 J. DOUGHERTY, Indian Agent. 
 J. GANTT. 
 November 27th, 1837. 
 
98 APPENDIX. 
 
 We hereby certify that the portraits of the Grand Pawnees, 
 Republican Pawnees, FWnee Loups, Tappage Pawnees, Otoes, 
 Omahaws, and Missouries, which are in Mr. Catlin s Indian Gallery, 
 were painted from life by Mr. Catlin, and that the individuals sat to 
 him in the costumes precisely in which they are painted. 
 
 J. DOUGHERTY, I. A. for Pawnees, Omahaws, and Ottoes. 
 
 J. GANTT. 
 
 New York, 1837. 
 
 I have seen Mr. Catlin s collection of Indian Portraits, many of 
 which were familiar to me, and painted in my presence at their own 
 villages. I have spent the greater part of my life among the tribes 
 and individuals he has represented, and I do not hesitate to pro 
 nounce them correct likenesses, and easily recognized ; also, his 
 sketches of their manners and customs, I think are excellent ; and 
 the landscape views on the Missouri and Mississippi are correct re 
 presentations. 
 K. M KENZIE, of the Am. Fur Co., Mouth of the Yellow Stone. 
 
 We hereby certify that the portraits of Seminoles and Euchees, 
 named in this catalogue were painted by Mr. Catlin, from the life, 
 at Fort Moultrie; that the Indians satpr stood in the costumes pre 
 cisely in which they are painted, and that the likenesses are remark 
 ably good. 
 
 P. MORRISON, Capt. 4th Inft. 
 
 J. S. HATHAWAY, 2d Lieut, 1st Art. 
 
 H. WHARTON, 2d Lieut. 6th Inft. 
 
 F. WEEDON, Assistant Surgeon. 
 Fort Moultrie, Jan. 28, 1838. 
 
 Letter from General Cass, American Ambassador to France. 
 
 LEGATION DBS ETATS UNIS, PARIS, 
 
 December 8, 1841. 
 To GEO. CATLIN : 
 
 Dear Sir No man can appreciate better than myself, the ad 
 mirable fidelity of your drawings, and the book which I have re 
 ceived. They are equally spirited and accurate ; they are true to 
 nature. Things that are, are not sacrificed, as they too often are by 
 the painter, to things as (in his judgment) they should be. 
 
 During eighteen years of my life, I was Superintendent of Indian 
 Affairs in the northwestern territory of the United States ; and 
 during more than five, I was Secretary of War, to which department 
 belongs the general control of Indian concerns. I know the Indians 
 thoroughly. I have spent many a month in their camps, council- 
 houses, villages, and hunting grounds ; I have fought with them and 
 against them ; and I have negotiated seventeen treaties of peace or of 
 cession with them. I mention these circumstances to show you that 
 I have a good right to speak confidently upon the subject of your 
 
APPENDIX. 99 
 
 drawings. Among them I recognize many of my old acquaintances, 
 and everywhere Iain struck with the vivid representations of them 
 and their customs, of their peculiar features, and of their costumes. 
 Unfortunately, they are receding before the advancing tide of our pop 
 ulation, and are probably destined, at no distant day, wholly to dis 
 appear ; but your collection will preserve them, as far as human 
 art can do, and will form the most perfect monument of an ex 
 tinguished race that the world has ever seen. 
 
 LEWIS CASS. 
 
WN8 7DAYUSE 
 
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