HIS 
 
 While you converse 
 with lords and 
 dukes, 
 
 I have their betters 
 here-. my books, 
 
 Fixed in an elbow- 
 chair at ease, 
 
 choose compan 
 ions as I please. 
 
 THOMAS SHERMAN 
 TO DEAN SWIFT- 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 1861-1862 
 
 COMPILED FROM 
 
 THE ORIGINAL RECORDS 
 
 KEPT BY THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT 
 
 JOURNALS KEPT BY UNION PRISONERS OF WAR, TOGETHER WITH 
 THE NAME, RANK, COMPANY, REGIMENT AND STATE OF 
 THE FOUR THOUSAND WHO WERE CONFINED THERE 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM H. JEFFREY 
 
 THE REPUBLICAN PRESS 
 ST. JOHNSBURY 
 
 
Copyright, 1893, 
 BY CHARLES T. WALTER. 
 
 All rights reserved. 
 
 Tkt St. Joltnsbury ( Vt. ) Republican Press : 
 Printed by The Caledonia County Publishing Company. 
 
Co &y $ rfenau, 
 
 HON. ALFRED ELY, CAPTAIN THOMAS J. Cox, JR., 
 
 AND 
 THOSE \VHO SUFFERED AND DIED 
 
 IN u RICHMOND PRISONS" 
 
 DURING 1861-1862, WHILE SERVING THEIR COUNTRY, 
 THIS WORK is DEDICATED 
 
 BY 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 M176671 
 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT. 
 
 I DESIRE to extend many thanks to Hon. Alfred Ely, of 
 Rochester, N. Y., J. Lane Fitts, Candia, N. H., Lieutenant 
 W. A. Abbott, Jamaica Plains, Mass., C. B. Fairchild, New 
 York City, Lieutenant B. B. Vassoll, Webster, Mass., and 
 Major J. T. W. Hairston, Crawford, Miss., (ex-keeper of 
 the prison) for material aid in compiling 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS, 1861-1862." 
 
 WILLIAM H. JEFFREY. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS, 
 1861-1862. 
 
 PART FIRST. 
 
 THE prisoners of war, about one thousand in number, 
 who were captured at the battle of Bull Run, July 2ist, 
 1 86 1, were conducted from the field of battle at- Manassas,"V 
 a distance of seven miles, over one of the dustiest roads 
 that it was ever man s misfortune to travel. 
 
 They arrived at Manassas at nine o clock in the evening, 
 and were marched into an open lot, where they halted, sur 
 rounded by thickly posted guards. About the time of their 
 arrival, it began to rain, and in that place, without lights 
 and unable to distinguish one from another, upon the floor 
 covered with fiith, without blankets or covering, officers of 
 every grade passed the night. They were mostly strangers 
 to each other, and silence prevailed. Among the number 
 was Colonel Michael Corcoran, whom the severe wounds 
 received the day before and the fatigue of the march had 
 nearly exhausted. 
 
8 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 It was a subject of conjecture among the prisoners where 
 they were to be conveyed, but at about ten o clock the fol 
 lowing morning, Major Prados of New Orleans entered the 
 barn, and, ordering the officers to fall in in double file accord 
 ing to their respective ranks, commanded them to be in 
 readiness to march at a moment s notice. They were taken 
 through the rain and mud to the Virginia Central Railroad, 
 where trains were soon to depart for Richmond, Virginia, 
 whither, by this time, they inferred they were to be taken 
 as prisoners of war. The rain continued to fall in torrents 
 during the entire day. They remained in the cars until 
 four o clock, p. m., waiting for the privates, the sick and 
 wounded. The train left Manas sas Junction with about 
 one thousand officers, non-commissioned officers and pri 
 vates on board. Major Prados did what he could to make 
 them comfortable, and at Gordonsville provided them with 
 ample rations. 
 
 They arrived at Richmond on the following evening at 
 nine o clock. It had been rumored in the cars that, on 
 their arrival, they would be met by an uncontrollable mob 
 and their lives endangered; but Major Prados assured them 
 that he had with him a guard of one hundred and fifty 
 men, and that there would be no assemblage of people or 
 disturbance. It was a bright moonlight night, and, after 
 waiting at the station for an hour, they were marched 
 through the streets, a distance of a mile to a large brick 
 building on the corner of Main and 2<>th streets, known as 
 Liggon & Company s Tobacco Factory. They were con, 
 ducted to the second and third floors of this building- 
 which became so crowded that it was hardly possible for 
 one to lie down, even if he were so disposed. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 9 
 
 This disposition of the officers was so different from 
 what they had been promised by those in charge that it 
 created great dissatisfaction and disappointment. Major 
 Prados had assured them that on their arrival he would 
 present them to the Secretary of War, and that they should 
 be allowed the liberty of the city upon their parole of 
 honor, but this he did not do. Notwithstanding, they 
 slept upon the rough floor that night, and slept soundly. 
 
 Next morning they arose at an early hour, and were 
 served to a breakfast of dry bread, boiled beef and coffee. 
 Soon after, Brigadier General John H. Winder* called and 
 apologized for the uncomfortable quarters by saying that 
 the arrival of the prisoners was unexpected, and he was, 
 therefore, unprepared for them, but that a separate apart 
 ment for the officers in another building was nearly ready, 
 and that they would be removed to it in the afternoon. 
 
 The building in which the prisoners were quartered was 
 guarded on all sides by a strong force, night and day. 
 They had been confined there but a short time when one of 
 the guards in the rear fired at a prisoner in a third story 
 window, who happened to be looking out at that moment. 
 The ball lodged in a joist in the ceiling, which prevented 
 it from penetrating the floor and possibly injuring some 
 innocent man above. Colonel Michael Corcoran of the 
 69th New York Regiment and Hon. Alfred Ely, member of 
 Congress from Rochester, New York, both prisoners of 
 war, called General Winder s attention to this circumstance, 
 and pointed out the ball marks. He assured them that 
 such an act should not occur again. 
 
 * Formerly of the United States Army, 
 
10 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 In the afternoon of July 24th, a petition to Abraham 
 Lincoln, President of the United States, was drawn up by 
 Congressman Ely, stating in substance that about forty 
 officers and nine hundred non-commissioned officers and 
 privates in the military service of the United States, were 
 prisoners of war, in close confinement at Richmond, Vir 
 ginia, and requesting that immediate steps might be taken 
 by the government, by exchange or otherwise, to effect 
 their release. All the officers signed the petition and it was 
 forwarded to the President. 
 
 Later in the afternoon the officers were transferred to 
 their new quarters in the adjoining building, which was 
 also a tobacco factory.* The lower floor, about seventy- 
 five feet long by thirty feet wide, was the officers quarters, 
 while the space on the next was used by the guards, and 
 was constantly resounding with a great noise from the 
 stacking of arms. The two stories above were occupied 
 by non-commissioned officers and privates, and had no 
 communication with the officers quarters. 
 
 The following day, July 25th, the officers, forty in number, 
 formed themselves into an association for mutual improve 
 ment and amusement, called "The Richmond Prison Asso 
 ciation," and elected officers as follows : 
 
 President, Alfred Ely, of New York. 
 Secretary, R. A. Goodenough, of New York. 
 Treasurer, Michael Corcoran, of New York. 
 Assistant Treasurer, Charles Walter, of Connecticut. 
 
 The roll of officers at this time was : 
 
 Colonel Michael Corcoran, 69th New York Regiment, 
 Surgeon Alfred Powell, 2nd New York Regiment. 
 
 * Atkinson s, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS I I 
 
 Surgeon Andrew McLetchie, 79th New York Regiment. 
 
 Surgeon James Harris, 2nd Rhode Island Regiment. 
 
 Surgeon Stephen Griswold, 38th New York Regiment. 
 
 Surgeon A. J. Bucster, 5th Maine Regiment. 
 
 Surgeon LeBoutillier, ist Minnesota Regiment. 
 
 Quarter-Master W. L. Bowers, (Captain) ist Rhode Island 
 Regiment. 
 
 Chaplain Hiram Eddy, 2nd Connecticut Regiment. 
 
 Chaplain George W. Dodge, nth New York Regiment. 
 
 Chaplain J. P. Mclvor, 69th New York Regiment. 
 
 Captain M. Griffin, 8th New York Regiment. 
 
 Captain John Downey, nth New York Regiment. 
 
 Captain William Mason, 79th New York Regiment. 
 
 Captain J. A. Farrish, 79th New York Regiment. 
 
 Captain J. B. Drew, 2nd Vermont Regiment. 
 
 Captain S. D. Golyer, 4th Michigan Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant Edmund Connolly, 69111 New York Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant John Bagley, 69th New York Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant James Gannon, 69th New York Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant S. R. Knight, ist Rhode Island Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant W. H. Ray nor, ist Ohio Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant R. A. Goodenough, i4th New York Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant W. H. Clark, 4th Maine Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant J. B. Glover, 4th Maine Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant G. W. Caleff, nth Massachusetts Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant J. K. Skinner, 2nd Maine Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant George B. Kenniston, 5th Maine Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant M. A. Parks, ist Michigan Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant John White, 79th New York Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant Robert Campbell, 79th New York Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant Charles J. Murray, 38th New York Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant A. M. Underwood, nth New York Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant S. B. Preston, 4th Michigan Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant J. B. Hutchinson, i5th Pennsylvania Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant Isaac M. Church, 2nd Rhode Island Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant A. E. Felch, ist Minnesota Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant Charles Walter, ist Connecticut Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant D. S. Gordon, 2nd Dragoons, United States Army, Aid 
 to Colonel Keys. 
 
 Congressman Alfred Ely, Rochester, New York. 
 
 The following day, July 26th, the officers roll was 
 increased by the arrival of the following : 
 
12 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Colonel William E. Woodruff, 2nd Kentucky Regiment. 
 Colonel Charles H. DeVilliers, nth Ohio Regiment. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel George W. Neff, 2nd Kentucky Regiment. 
 Captain J. R. Hurd, 2nd Kentucky Regiment. 
 
 These officers belonged to General J. 1). Cox s brigade, 
 and were taken by General Henry A. Wise on the Kana- 
 waha river, July lyth. 
 
 On the 27th, came another prisoner of war, Calvin Huson, 
 Jr., of Rochester, New York. He had been captured at 
 Manassas and was accompanied to Richmond by the Hon. 
 J. A. Orr, a member of the Confederate Congress from 
 Mississippi. When Mr. Huson was first arrested the 
 officers and Mr. Orr, who were near, supposed him to be 
 a United States Senator. On that day Mr. Huson, attended 
 by one of the Generals, went over the battle-field, which, 
 as he said, presented a most frightful and ghastly spectacle. 
 All the dead of the Federal Army, with their faces black, 
 and bodies swollen to twice their natural size, were lying 
 still unburied. Among the touching sights noticed by him 
 was the body of a soldier who, from all appearances, had 
 been dead longer than his ill-fated associates. Lying upon 
 his back, with both eyes wide open, he gazed intently upon 
 a daguerreotype likeness of a woman, held in one hand. 
 Poor mortal ! In his last moments, in the agony of expir 
 ing nature, he had clutched the image of his beloved wife, 
 and relinquished not his grasp even though life itself was 
 extinct. 
 
 August ist, the United States House of Representatives 
 passed a resolution, offered by the Hon. Reuben E. Fenton, 
 with a preamble as follows : 
 
 WHEREAS, It is currently reported that the forces now in rebellion 
 against the Government have certain persons in their hands, one of 
 whom is Hon. Alfred Ely, a member of this House ; therefore, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 13 
 
 RESOLVED, That the President be requested to furnish this House 
 with any information on the subject that may have reached him. 
 
 The reply of President Lincoln to the above resolution 
 was as follows : 
 
 To the House of Representatives : 
 
 In answer to the resolution of the House of Representatives of 
 yesterday, requesting information regarding the imprisonment of 
 loyal citizens of the United States by the forces now in rebellion 
 against the Government, I transmit a report from the Secretary of 
 State, and a copy of a telegraphic despatch by which it was accom 
 panied. 
 
 A. LINCOLN. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C., August 2nd, 1861. 
 
 DEPARTMENT OF STATE, 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C., August 2nd, 1861. 
 
 The Secretary of State, to whom was referred the resolution of the 
 House of Representatives of yesterday, requesting the President to 
 furnish to that House any information he may have in his possession 
 on the subject of the forces now in rebellion against the Government 
 having in imprisonment loyal citizens of the United States, and, 
 among others, the Hon. Alfred Ely, one of the members of the House 
 of Representatives from New York, has the honor to report to the 
 President that the only information possessed by this department on 
 the subject is contained in a telegraphic despatch, a copy of which is 
 annexed. 
 
 Respectfully submitted, 
 
 WM. H. SEWARD. 
 To the President. 
 
 UNITED STATES MILITARY TELEGRAPH. 
 
 Received August ist, 1861, from Richmond, Virginia, July 3ist, 
 1861. 
 
 To Hon. William H. Servard : 
 
 I am here a prisoner; Ely, Arnold, Harris and McGraw are also 
 here. 
 
 C. HUSON, JR. 
 
 During the afternoon of August 5th, Lieutenant Todd, 
 who, by the way, was a half-brother of President Lincoln s 
 
14 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 wife, and at that time in the immediate charge of the 
 prisoners, ordered all servants belonging to the different 
 messes out of the quarters. It was supposed to be for the 
 reason that through them some of the officers had obtained 
 ardent spirits, and because of a disturbance created that 
 morning by one Lyman H. Stone, a surgeon of the United 
 States Army, who was arrested at Manassas and taken to 
 Richmond on the 29th of July. Dr. Stone was a highly 
 educated gentleman, unaccustomed to excessive indulgence 
 in liquor, but it was supposed that the excitement of the 
 battle and the circumstances of his arrest caused him to 
 drink too freely. He started out soon after dinner, over 
 turning the tables, dishes and all, and finally laid hold of 
 one of the officers so roughly that it was evident that he 
 was in a high state of frenzy. At last the turmoil 
 became so great that Lieutenant Todd, rushing into the 
 room with great fury, and seeing Dr. Stone clinched with 
 one of the officers, drew his pistol and demanded that the 
 disturbance should cease. It was stopped and Dr. Stone 
 was taken out of the prison to a brick building in the rear 
 and put in irons. There was, of course, nothing wrong in 
 what Lieutenant Todd did in this instance, but the outrages 
 subsequently committed by him upon the prisoners under 
 his charge were spoken of by all in the severest of terms. 
 
 The testimony of Corporal Merrill on this point is as 
 follows: "Lieutenant Todd was singularly vicious and 
 brutal in his treatment of the prisoners, and seldom entered 
 the prison without grossly insulting some of them. He 
 invariably entered with a drawn sword in his hand. His 
 voice and manner, as he addressed the prisoners, always 
 indicated a desire to commit some cruel wrong. Upon 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 15 
 
 one occasion he struck an invalid soldier in the face with 
 the flat side of his sword, simply because he did not obey 
 the order to fall in for roll-call with sufficient alacrity. At 
 another time one of the guards, in the presence and with 
 the sanction of Lieutenant Todd, struck a prisoner upon 
 the head with the butt-end of his musket." 
 
 It has even been asserted that he sanctioned the shooting 
 of some of the prisoners by the guards ; for, while there is 
 no testimony to that effect, a sentinel was never known to 
 be reprimanded or removed from duty for such violation of 
 military decency. There was no official honor at this time 
 in the "Confederacy." One writer says, "The newspapers 
 proposed the most inhuman treatment, coolly urging hang 
 ing and close confinement, while from outward manifesta 
 tion, one would have supposed we were confined in Hades, 
 with howling devils yelling for our blood at the gates." 
 
 On the afternoon of August 27th, a new captive officer, 
 Captain Roswell A. Fish, of the 2}d New York Regiment, 
 arrived at the prison. He had been sent out with a body 
 of troops to station pickets, and had gone forward with 
 two of his privates to reconnoitre, when they were 
 surprised by Confederate troops, who fired upon them, 
 killing both privates and taking him prisoner. 
 
 During the afternoon of the 29th, a very interesting event 
 took place in front of the prison. Miss Martha Haines 
 Butt, the authoress, of Norfolk, Virginia, stopped before 
 the prison quarters in a splendid equipage. She was 
 elegantly attired and accompanied by a military officer. 
 It was evident that she had come to see some of the pris 
 oners, and it was soon discovered that Captain Fish was 
 the fortunate object of that compliment. He manifested 
 
1 6 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 great impatience to get by the sentinels at the door to reach 
 the carriage, but it was of no avail ; he could not pass, 
 even though she beckoned most daintily for him. Finally, 
 he scribbled a hasty message and sent it to the carnage by 
 the guard. It was amusing to watch the countenances of 
 the military assemblage at the windows and doors as they 
 beheld, in utter silence, the nervous impatience with which 
 she opened the note. After a moment s glance at its 
 contents she quickly seized a pencil from the officer at her 
 side and began a reply. By this time, however, the 
 corporal of the guard arrived, and relieved the agony of 
 the captain by allowing him to pass from the prison to the 
 carriage. But, surrounded by an impudent guard, and so 
 intently watched by his prison associates, the captain was 
 soon compelled to close the interview, which he did by 
 kissing the lady s hand so gracefully that the young officer 
 was greeted by a shout of approval on his return to 
 the prison quarters. 
 
 Hon. Alfred Ely, in writing of this interview, says, "I 
 was amazed to learn that evening from the gallant captain 
 that this was to have been his wedding day, and that on 
 the day of his capture the colonel of his regiment had gone 
 to Washington to obtain a furlough for him. In view of 
 the scene which I had witnessed, I very naturally inferred 
 that the lady in question was the bride to be, but in reply to 
 an inquiry, he said, No; oh, no, no! this is merely a 
 watering place acquaintance, formed at Saratoga, and 
 continued by accidental meetings in Washington. 1 It 
 seems that upon her visit to Richmond she had discovered 
 by the papers* that her friend was a prisoner of war, and, 
 true to the natural impulses of her heart to help the unfort- 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 17 
 
 unate, this young Virginian had quickly sought the place of 
 his confinement." 
 
 On August 31 st, there appeared at the prison a patriarchal- 
 looking man, whose long hair, whitened by the cares of 
 more than seventy years, hung far down over his shoulders. 
 He was respectful in demeanor and intelligent in conversa 
 tion. He said, among other things, that he lived in 
 Charleston, South Carolina, and was the person who fired 
 the first gun upon Fort Sumpter. This gentleman (?) was 
 the Reverend Edwin Ruffin. After such an avowal he did 
 not meet with a very cordial reception among the officers, 
 as they were not disposed to cheer a minister of the gospel 
 in his exultant boast of being the first to shoot down the 
 flag of his country. 
 
 At an early hour in the morning of September loth, it 
 was announced that forty officers and a large number of 
 privates were to be sent to Castle Pinkney, an old fort in 
 Charleston Harbor. This announcement did not meet with 
 the hearty approval of the prisoners. At about nine o clock, 
 the Orderly-Sergeant entered and gave the command to 
 fall in for roll-call, after which he said, reading from the 
 roll, "The following officers will be prepared to leave at 
 one o clock, p. m. for Castle Pinkney, in Charleston, South 
 Carolina : 
 
 Colonel Michael Corcoran. 
 Colonel O. B. Wilcox. 
 Colonel William E. Woodruff. 
 Lieutenant-Colonel George W. Neff. 
 Major J. W. Potter. 
 Surgeon C. C. Gray. 
 Surgeon L. H. Stone. 
 Surgeon John McGregor. 
 Chaplain G. W. Dodge. 
 
 3 
 
1 8 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Chaplain Hiram Eddy. 
 Captain George Austin. 
 Captain M. Griffin. 
 Captain John W. Sprague. 
 Captain J. H. Downey. 
 Captain Roswell A. Fish. 
 Captain J. T. Farrish. 
 Captain J. W. Drew. 
 Captain Shurtleff. 
 Captain L. Gordon. 
 
 Captain Whittington. 
 
 Captain Jenkins. 
 
 Lieutenant Charles Walter. 
 
 Lieutenant Toy. 
 
 Lieutenant Thomas Hamblin.* 
 
 Lieutenant Underbill. 
 
 Lieutenant Worcester. 
 
 Lieutenant J. H. Dempsey. 
 
 Lieutenant Wilcox. 
 
 Lieutenant D. S. Gordon. 
 Lieutenant J. F. Kent. 
 Lieutenant G. H. Caleff. 
 Lieutenant E. Connolly." 
 
 Captain Ricketts, United States Army, was to have 
 accompanied this party, but was not sufficiently recovered 
 from his wounds to undertake the journey. Soon after the 
 wife of this officer learned that her husband was in Rich 
 mond and wounded. After experiencing gross insults 
 from the rebel soldiers, as well as many other obstacles, 
 she at length succeeded in reaching him, and was contin 
 ually by his side until he recovered and was released. 
 
 When the hour arrived for the departure of the prisoners 
 the scene was interesting and in some instances affecting. 
 Associations formed in misfortune are always strong. 
 For fifty days they had been together, confined in one 
 room, in constant intercourse, interchanging thoughts and 
 
 * Son of the great actor by the same name. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS l<) 
 
 sympathies, learning the history of each other, political, 
 social and military, and during the entire period 
 no unpleasant personal differences had occurred. The 
 officers shook hands and bade an affectionate farewell to 
 the associates they were leaving behind. They were then 
 drawn up in front of the prison, where they were joined 
 by the privates from the other prison bound for the same 
 destination. "Good bye ! good bye !" rang out along the 
 line of officers as they stood, with manly forms and brave 
 hearts, facing their associates, until suddenly checked by the 
 shrill voice of the captain at the head of the column, who 
 gave the command : "For-w-a-r-d march !" They were 
 taken to the Petersburg Railroad in tlouble files, guarded 
 by a detachment of fifty men from the Jeff. Davis ( Louisiana) 
 Battalion, commanded by Lieutenant W. B. Brockett, 
 Confederate States Army, who accompanied them the 
 entire distance to Charleston. Twenty-five men of the 
 detachment detailed from the Madison (Louisiana) Infantry, 
 marched ahead of the prisoners, and the rear was brought 
 up by twenty-five men from the Natchez (Mississippi) 
 Rifles. 
 
 On the morning of the I2th of September, the remaining 
 prisoners were notified that they could no longer be furn 
 ished with coffee or sugar. Coffee at that time was selling 
 at fifty cents per pound in Richmond, and sugar was selling 
 at sixteen cents per pound, and was not to be had at any 
 price. 
 
 General Winder called at the prison on the iyth, accom 
 panied by a gentleman from North Carolina, whom he 
 introduced to the prisoners as Mr. Pettigrew. Mr. Petti- 
 grew remarked that he was a member of the Secession 
 
20 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Convention of North Carolina ; that he signed the Ordinance 
 of Secession, and that to no act of his life would he look 
 back with more satisfaction ; that no one in his State but 
 the lowest rough-scuffs entertained Union sentiments ; that 
 the men of character and influence throughout the State 
 were Secessionists. He also avowed that all his property, 
 including one hundred negroes, and, if necessary, his own 
 life, would be expended in defence of the South ; that the 
 North must first exterminate the South before they could 
 subjugate them ; that reconstruction of the Union on any 
 terms was simply impossible. 
 
 During the day of the i9th, the somewhat monotonous 
 routine of prison life was broken by the arrival of sixty- 
 eight prisoners, who had been captured in Western Virginia. 
 The officers were : 
 
 Surgeon W. B. Fletcher, 6th Ohio Regiment. 
 Captain Ralph Hunt, ist Kentucky Regiment. 
 Captain James Bense, 6th Ohio Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant Oilman, 6th Ohio Regiment. 
 
 Lieutenant F. S. Shaffer, 6th Ohio Regiment. 
 
 Later in the day it was rumored that on the 2ist two 
 hundred and fifty prisoners were to be sent to New Orleans. 
 About this time a petition, addressed to General Winder, 
 asking for the release of Calvin Huson, Jr., who had been 
 ill since July ^oth, was drawn up and signed by all the 
 officers. It was hoped that, under the circumstances, Mr. 
 Huson might be permitted to accompany the Surgeon, who 
 was to be released on the 2ist, but no answer to the 
 communication was ever received. 
 
 On the morning of the 2ist, the Surgeon was released 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 21 
 
 and sent to Norfolk, and two hundred and fifty prisoners 
 were sent to New Orleans. The officers were: 
 
 Capt. J. P. Mclvor, 
 Lieutenant A. E. Welch, 
 Lieutenant J. B. Hutchinson. 
 
 Later the same day an act of extreme barbarity occurred, 
 the first of the kind in the history of their confinement in 
 Richmond. Among many other trifling regulations adopted 
 by the officers in charge of the prison, was one requiring 
 the prisoners to keep away from the windows, and not 
 to look out. In many previous instances the inmates of the 
 prison had been fired at by the guards, but no serious in 
 jury had resulted. A corporal of the 79th New York Regi 
 ment, while engaged in shaking his blanket out of the 
 third story window, was shot through the breast by a sen 
 tinel from the Georgia regiment. Poor fellow! he lived 
 but a few moments, and was immediately taken to the 
 dead house and placed in a coffin, and the lid nailed down, 
 before the body could possibly have become cold. 
 
 This outrage was thus described in one of the Richmond 
 papers: " One of the Yankee prisoners confined in Lig- 
 gon s Factory was shot by a sentry about half past nine 
 o clock, Saturday, the 2ist inst., under the following cir 
 cumstances: the guard had received orders not to permit 
 the prisoners to put their heads out of the windows. The 
 party shot had violated this order repeatedly, and had been 
 constantly cautioned against it. The last caution was fol 
 lowed up by a vile epithet applied to the guard, and the 
 obtrusion of half of his body from the window. The dis 
 charge of the sentry s gun followed, and the death of the 
 offending party immediately ensued. The name of the 
 
22 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 prisoner was William C. Beck, a member of the loth Com 
 pany, 79th New York Regiment." 
 
 The testimony of a fellow prisoner, touching this point, 
 was that "the man was killed while hanging up his blan 
 ket in the window to dry." 
 
 Another man thus wounded was Private R. Gleason, of 
 Company A, i ith New York Regiment. Two other men, 
 whose names are unknown, met a similar fate. Several 
 other prisoners are known to have been wounded in the 
 same reckless way. The prisoners were allowed to visit, 
 by twos, an outhouse in the prison yard. As Private C. 
 W. Tibbetts and a companion were going thither, with the 
 consent of the guard, a sentinel on the opposite side delib 
 erately raised his gun and fired at them. Tibbetts was 
 killed, and his companion badly wounded in the arm. All 
 covered with blood, the unfortunate man s body was hast 
 ily thrown into a rough coffin and carried by negroes to 
 the negro grave-yard for burial. 
 
 During the evening of September 24th, forty-seven pris 
 oners arrived in Richmond. The Richmond Examiner of 
 September 25th, announced their arrival in the following 
 not altogether complimentary notice: 
 
 ARRIVAL OF HESSIAN PRISONERS. 
 
 The Central cars that arrived last evening brought an instalment of 
 forty-seven Hessians, including a Captain Cox and others, recently 
 captured by the First Virginia Cavalry, under Colonel J. L. Davis, on 
 Cole river, in Boone county. Captain Cox and a companion, an offi 
 cer, seemed to have established themselves on a footing of familiar 
 intercourse with their custodians, and were kept apart from the pri 
 vates a mothy set of miserable looking scoundrels. In the crowd 
 were one or two Union men, and no one could see them without im 
 mediately becoming convinced that a much stronger affair than the 
 late Republic would have fallen to pieces, when advocated by such cut 
 throat looking fellows. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 23 
 
 On the 2Sth, two hundred and fifty privates were sent 
 south. Later in the day, some fifteen citizens of Western 
 Virginia were marched to the prison by a strong guard. 
 Among the number was a man, at least seventy-five years 
 old, poorly clad, and the very picture of forlorn despair. 
 What was this poor old creature s offense ? It had been 
 said that in his little old farm house, up among the moun 
 tains of Western Virginia, where he had lived quietly for 
 more than half a century, protected in all his rights, he had 
 rehearsed to his children and grandchildren, year after year, 
 with all the rapture of his youthful zeal, the story of his 
 honorable service in the defense of his county during the 
 war of 1812. Now, in his declining years, he had dared 
 to say that he still loved the grand old flag, and could not 
 and would not betray it. For this offense, he had been 
 arrested and taken several hundred miles to Richmond, as 
 a prisoner of war. He was not willing to renounce in his 
 old age the government which had given him protection 
 and support, and which his long life had taught him to 
 revere. Grand, noble, patriotic old soul! 
 
 On the morning of October 3rd, there was considerable 
 sport indulged in by the prisoners. Lieutenant Wallace 
 made a wooden sword, and from a piece of old manilla 
 rope constructed a sash. The officers assembled in one 
 room, and Captain Cox mounted upon a rough rostrum. 
 Hon. Alfred Ely was sent for and upon his arrival, Captain 
 Cox commenced to address the distinguished prisoner as 
 follows : 
 
 "Hon. Alfred Ely, member of Congress from Rochester 
 District, State of New York, spectator at the battle of Bull 
 Run, President of the Richmond Prison Association, etc., 
 
24 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 etc., Sir : I have been selected by the members of this 
 association to present to you this sword, as a small token 
 of their regard and esteem for you as an individual, and as 
 a slight reward for your gallant services in protecting the 
 rear of your retreating army at the memorable battle of 
 Bull Run, and, sir, I will take this occasion to say, that in 
 the selection of myself for this duty, the association have 
 been extremely fortunate, for whether selected to wield this 
 weapon against my country s foe, or present it to a friend, 
 I acknowledge few equals no superior. [ Tremendous 
 applause. ] 
 
 "Sir, in presenting to you this sword, the members ot 
 this association are satisfied that it will ever be used by you 
 in times of peace in defence of this glorious Union. 
 [Laughter. ] Although not of as fine material, nor as 
 neatly made, nor as gorgeously ornamented as some swords 
 you have seen, yet this association believes, for all the 
 purposes for which you will ever use a sword, this will 
 answer as well as any other. [Applause and laughter. } 
 You will perceive, sir, from the peculiar shape of this 
 beautiful blade that it is well adapted to fighting from 
 behind a tree, which we all know is your favorite position." 
 [Applause.} 
 
 Captain Cox here alluded to the Honorable gentleman s 
 Congressional career, but owing to the noise and confusion 
 the reporter was unable to catch his words. 
 
 Then drawing forth the sash, Captain Cox continued : 
 "Sir, accompanying the sword is this superb sash, the only 
 one of the kind in the Union. It was made expressly for 
 you and for this occasion, and well typifies the taste of the 
 sunny South. Although it is formed of a different material, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 25 
 
 and may not appear as beautiful as some, yet I assure you, 
 it is a very substantial one. And, believing you to be a 
 man of destiny, I think it indicative of the fate that awaits 
 you. 
 
 For tis so, whether you believe it or not, 
 Who is born to be hanged, will never be shot. 
 
 And from your having passed through the battle of Bull 
 Run unscathed, and from the immense number of shots 
 known to have been fired on that occasion, it is evident to 
 any man of the commonest understanding, that you were 
 not born to be shot. Sir, accept this weapon ; regard it as 
 a priceless treasure ; bequeath it to your children as a rich 
 legacy, that your children s children may exhibit it to the 
 wondering gaze of posterity, as a weapon earned by their 
 ancestor in the most memorable and incomprehensible 
 battle in all the nation s history." [Applause.] 
 
 Mr. Ely received the sword and sash with an air of 
 becoming dignity and gravity, and replied, in substance, as 
 follows : 
 
 "Captain Cox, and gentlemen of the Richmond Prison 
 Association, I rise to address you, on this momentous 
 occasion, under the influence of very extraordinary feelings 
 and singular emotions about the region of the heart. And 
 if my accustomed eloquence should now fail me, surrounded 
 as I am by a group of brave and generous warriors, whose 
 sense of justice has urged them to acknowledge and 
 reward, in a most munificent and appropriate manner, my 
 prowess on the battlefield, I must beg the indulgence which 
 has been extended to all fluent but bashful orators, from 
 Demosthenes downward to our own illustrious age. 
 
 4 
 
26 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 "I beg leave to thank you, most worthy Captain, for 
 having so sensibly and appreciatively alluded to my cool but 
 resolute conduct on a very trying occasion, when, as I may 
 modestly say, I stood my ground, though thousands of men 
 and horses took to their heels, and left me, alone, sir, to 
 demand the surrender of the whole Confederate Army. 
 And, through you, I wish to convey to the members of this 
 august association, my grateful acknowledgements for this 
 valuable, unique and highly suggestive token of the regard 
 they have for me; a regard which, I confess, is very much 
 heightened by my own deep sense of its justice. You 
 assure me, sir, of their confident belief that I shall be ready 
 at all times, more especially in time of peace, to wield this 
 noble sword in defence of our glorious Union. Such con 
 fidence they shall never have cause to regret and withdraw. 
 My past career will justify me in boldly asserting this. 
 For, though it would be unbecoming in me to claim un 
 merited honors, yet I will say that, as a courageous civilian, 
 I endured at the battle of Bull Run a mental conflict, 
 enough to kill outright any ordinary man ; such a conflict, 
 sir, as made the mere physical matters of fighting and 
 bleeding look very tame and insignificant in the compari 
 son; though, as I admit the bias of a soldier s mind might 
 incline him to think differently. If this sword, sir, had been 
 in my grasp at that time, I should have used it as the means 
 of expressing my feelings in a striking manner; and I am 
 certain that I should not only have astonished the enemy 
 but have routed him, or brought him to terms. At any 
 rate, I assure you, my trusty weapon shall be kept un 
 sheathed during the war ; and for all time to come I will 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 2~} 
 
 fight with it under the glorious star-spangled banner, and 
 never allow it to be brandished under any other. 
 
 "The gentleman in referring to the peculiar shape of this 
 sword, which, you observe, is that of a scythe, said some 
 what ironically, if not with a touch of sarcasm, that it was 
 well adapted to fighting from behind a tree; alluding, I 
 suppose, to the mode in which I prudently sheltered my 
 self from the shot and shell of the enemy at Bull Run. 
 
 Now as to that matter, it was my ambition, proved by 
 my most active exertion, to follow the example of the im 
 mortal Jackson, and many other men as brave and disting 
 uished as myself, in appropriating to my use the most con 
 venient and secure barricade which the ground afforded. 
 My .friend, surely, did not mean to insinuate that I took to 
 the tree through cowardice; for this would be a reflection 
 on the valor and discretion of some of the grandest of 
 heroes, as well as a most pugnacious thrust at my own 
 well-known bravery. If he did, however, mean to touch 
 my sacred honor, I can only wonder at his daring; for I 
 might well believe that few men living would venture on 
 so dangerous a thing as an assault on me, while holding in 
 my hand so terrible an instrument of vengeance as this 
 Yankee sword. If the gentleman, then, was in earnest, as 
 I really hope he was not, I shall be obliged to deal with 
 him promptly according to the rules made and provided 
 for such cases." [ Tremendous sensation, and voices calling 
 for pistols and coffee for two.] 
 
 Captain Cox here very handsomely explained,, saying: 
 lam sorry the gentleman has so construed my remarks 
 concerning the tree, the crooked sword, and his very sensi 
 ble regard to the instinct of self-preservation. I certainly 
 
28 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 meant nothing objurgatory; nothing to invite an attack 
 from that awful sword ; on the contrary, I admire the gen 
 tleman s prudence and discretion as shown at Bull Run ; 
 for he held possession of the battlefield after our sixteen 
 thousand men had fled ; and owing to his unacquaintance 
 with the laws of war relating to panics, he scorned to re 
 treat to Washington ; and with no other weapons than 
 those which nature had furnished him, he placed himself 
 in position behind a good-sized tree, and there stood as a 
 true hero, until, being outflanked by superior numbers, he 
 was compelled, of course, to surrender. Far, very far be it 
 from me to reflect on the gentleman s courage. On the 
 contrary, I will say that, as a redoubtable congressman, his 
 case is unparalelled in our country s history!" [Cries of 
 " That s so."] 
 
 Mr. Ely resumed : "I am sincerely glad, for his sake, 
 and particularly for my own, to hear the gentleman s expla 
 nation ; inasmuch as 1 have myself a great aversion to 
 getting hurt, and on the other hand, having never yet killed 
 anybody, I have no desire to begin by annihilating so 
 accomplished a tactician. But, after all, 1 think that his 
 remark, under the light cast upon it by the laws of gram 
 mar, good-fellowship and gun-powder, admitted of a 
 construction which I, as a warlike lawyer duly equipped for 
 action, could hardly pass without notice. For, gentlemen, 
 I hold these truths to be self-evident, that my devotion 
 belongs to my God, my service to my country, and my 
 honor to myself, and this honor shall surely go along with 
 this sword, the one untarnished and the other unvarnished, 
 down to the latest posterity of my grandchildren. 
 
 "But aside from this, there was also an Illusion, in the 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 29 
 
 presentation of the sash, which occasioned me a very un 
 pleasant sensation in the neck. The gentleman was kind 
 enough to suggest that this article being made of hemp was 
 indicative of the high and conspicuous position which I 
 was some day to attain. This notion of his seems, how 
 ever, to be grounded on the idea that I should obtain the 
 promotion in question, under the special favor of the Con 
 federate Government, inasmuch as in the loyal States I 
 could have no expectation of anything of the kind. Now, 
 as 1 should be very unwilling to accept such a distinction, 
 if it were offered me by any Government in the world, the 
 gentleman s anticipations are not likely to be verified. But 
 this much I promise, viz. : that I will lay up this hempen 
 sash, and gladly loan it, whenever an occasion offers for 
 the rewarding of those who have so abominably afflicted 
 us. In the meantime, I beg you all to believe, that I, Con 
 gressman Ely, am not the man to shrink from duty, what 
 ever may be the valor of the enemy or the state of the 
 weather. Armed with the faithful sword, I fear neither 
 friend nor foe not even the Confederate ladies themselves, 
 and in years to come, long after we have cured the South 
 of its present insanity, our children, I hope, will have many 
 a tale to tell of the potent effect which followed the very 
 sight of this warlike instrument, in subduing by terror a 
 people who could not be conquered by reason. " [ Applause ]. 
 On the 6th of October, our Surgeon-General finally de 
 clined to send Calvin Huson, Jr., home. The Richmond 
 Enquirer of the same date, contained the following: 
 
 A PROMINENT CIVILIAN PRISONER. 
 
 Among the prisoners of war in Liggon s Tobacco Factory, Prison 
 No. i, at Rocketts , is Calvin Huson, Jr., of Rochester, New York, 
 who was captured near the battlefield of Bull Run, in the carriage of 
 
30 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Congressman Ely, who is also a prisoner of war in the same ware 
 house. Mr. Huson was the opponent of Mr. Ely for the position of 
 Representative of the Rochester district in Congress, and was defeated, 
 by the latter after an animated contest. He is a lawyer of some dis 
 tinction, and was formerly district-attorney of the city of Rochester. 
 He is said to have been present on the battlefield through motives of 
 humanity to certain members of the Regiment from the district in 
 which he resides. Mr. Huson is now quite ill of typhoid fever, and 
 has been so for several weeks past. He is kindly cared for, both by 
 our surgeons and Mr. Ely, who is his constant attendant. 
 
 Mr. Huson continually grew worse, and on the 8th inst, 
 Captain Gibbs, then in charge of the prisoners, went to the 
 prison with an order from the Secretary of War, directing 
 the removal of Mr. Huson. The Captain also stated that as 
 it would be attended by some expense, it would be neces 
 sary to know if Mr. Huson had funds with him to defray 
 it. Mr. Ely assured the Captain that he would take the 
 responsibility of attending to that matter himself. The 
 following day, Mr. Huson was removed to the house of 
 Mrs, John Van Lew, a wealthy resident of Richmond. He 
 was required to give his parole, not to depart from the 
 city, on his recovery, without the consent of the Confeder 
 ate Government. He signed this in bed, and it was the 
 last time he ever wrote his name. Mr. Ely secured the pa 
 role of his nurse, Private Francis E. Clark, and sent him to 
 the house to continue his duties, as he had proved so faith 
 ful to him while in prison. Mr. Huson became weaker and 
 weaker, day by day, until the morning of the i4th. The 
 following taken from the Journal of Mr. Ely explains itself. 
 
 "This morning while at breakfast, one of the Lieuten 
 ants (J. T. W. Hairston) called me to see a lady in a car 
 riage at the door. I went immediately and was introduced 
 by the Lieutenant to Miss Van Lew, whom I at once recog- 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS }l 
 
 nized as the same lady who had visited our quarters on the 
 second day after our arrival. She informed me that Mr. 
 Huson was at her mother s house. I discovered that she 
 was in tears ; she immediately spoke and said, I have bad 
 news to tell you. Mr. Huson is not dead! said I. 
 No, she replied, but I do not think it possible for 
 him to live ; he is insensible and has been most of the 
 night, and I wish you would come up to the house. She 
 immediately rode away and I returned to my quarters to 
 prepare to go. I waited about twenty minutes for Captain 
 Gibbs to accompany me, and as I was going from the door, 
 a messenger came from Mrs. Van Lew with the mournful 
 message that Mr. Huson was dead ! On my arrival at the 
 house, I was conducted to his room, and lo ! before me lay 
 the lifeless form of my friend, cold in death. Mrs. Van 
 Lew, Miss Van Lew, Francis E. Clark, the nurse, Captain 
 G. C. Gibbs, Confederate States Army, and myself, were 
 present. I remained at the house, to assist and advise in 
 regard to the details for the funeral and burial, being his 
 nearest friend in a strange land. I directed the undertaker 
 to procure a metallic coffin, so that his body could be re 
 moved at any time, as in all probability his family might 
 wish this done at some future day. The funeral services 
 were conducted by Rev. John F. Mines, pastor of Grace 
 Church, Bath, Maine, and also a prisoner of war." 
 
 On the 1 5th, Mr. Ely wrote to the bereaved family 
 of Mr. Huson, giving in detail an account of his illness and 
 death, and on the 5th of November, Rev. Mr. Mines wrote 
 to Mrs. Huson, stating, in brief, the illness, death and 
 burial of her husband. As there were several Free Masons 
 among the prisoners, and Mr. Huson being a member of 
 
32 RICHMOND PRISONS ^ 
 
 that order,* it was decided to draw up resolutions to be 
 forwarded to the Lodge of which he was a member. On 
 the 1 9th of October, the Richmond Prison Association was 
 called to order by, the President, Hon. Alfred Ely, and on 
 motion of Captain Manson of New York it was ordered 
 that the chairman appoint a committee of three members to 
 draft and present a set of resolutions on the death of the 
 late brother and fellow-prisoner. The resolutions were 
 drawn up, presented and accepted, and it was ordered that 
 a copy be forwarded to the bereaved family and that they 
 be published in Northern journals. 
 
 On Saturday, the i9th of October, there arrived at the 
 prison three additional prisoners of war, taken on ship 
 board. One of them was Acting Lieutenant William A. 
 Abbott of Andover, Massachusetts,! who was in charge of 
 the prize schooner "George T. Baker," bound for New 
 York, and on the 8th of August was captured by the 
 Privateer "York" and brought to Norfolk, where he 
 remained in jail until removed to Richmond. Another was 
 Captain Isaac W. Hart of Attica, Indiana, and Quarter 
 master of the 2Oth Regiment from that State. He was on 
 board of the propeller "Fanny," laden with stores for the 
 troops, and bound for Chicomocomico, where he was 
 captured by "Commodore" Lynch in charge of a squadron 
 of three vessels. The other was Lieutenant Francois M. 
 Peacock of Macao, China, who was in charge of the 
 "Fanny" when she was captured. This gentleman is 
 entitled to a passing remark. His father was a native of 
 Albany, New York, and formerly followed the sea. He 
 
 * A Royal-Arch Mason of distinguished standing. 
 
 | To whom the author is indebted for the sketch of the prison. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 33 
 
 finally engaged in commercial business at Macao, China, 
 and here Francois M. was born. He was, at the time of 
 his capture, about twenty-nine > years of age. For three 
 years he had commanded a Siamese war cruiser, and in 
 1856 he accompanied the Siamese embassy to England. 
 His father was connected with the coolie trade, and early in 
 February, 1861, shipped a cargo of his human freight to 
 Havana in charge of his son. Before his departure, his 
 father instructed him to enlist in the United States Army if 
 he ascertained on his arrival in Cuba that war had broken 
 out. But eight days before he sailed his father died, leaving 
 him a large inheritance. He, nevertheless, started on his 
 voyage, and arrived in Havana after a passage of nearly 
 four months. Having disposed of his cargo and arranged 
 his business he came to New York with full knowledge 
 that war had broken out, and enlisted in Colonel Bartlett s 
 Naval Brigade, under a promise of a commission. The 
 brigade failed in completing its organization, and on the 
 26th of May he again enlisted in Hawkins s Zouaves," and 
 went upon the expedition under Commodore Stringham, 
 who captured Fort Hatteras. Soon after he was placed in 
 command of the Fanny" and was captured and detained. 
 He was both a Yankee and a Chinaman, and a pretty good 
 type of both, whenever he chose to represent the different 
 nationalities. He was much toasted among the prisoners, 
 and contributed much to their amusement. He came to aid 
 the Republic in the hour of her need, and will be immor 
 talized for his many deeds of noble daring.* 
 
 * It appears that the above mentioned Peacock was not what he seemed, but a mere 
 sailor who tried, and to a great extent at the time succeeded, to palm himself off as a 
 wealthy merchant s son. He evidently imposed on every one who would be imposed 
 upon, and it is stated that several hundred dollars was received by him from those 
 who desired to assist him. To settle all questions as to whether he was a Lieutenant 
 as claimed, the author has received the following from the War Department : 
 
 5 
 
34 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 The following verses on the battle of Bull Run are taken 
 from Mr. Ely s journal, and were written in prison : 
 
 MANASSAS. 
 
 BY J. A., 1 2th OHIO REGIMENT. 
 
 SINCE the day of the battle, when guns began to rattle, 
 Our beds have been made on the hard prison floor, 
 
 But we hope that our friend " Uncle Abe," will soon send 
 McClellan or Butler to open the door. 
 
 We have patiently borne the contempt and the scorn, 
 
 The insults and jeers of a rascally crew, 
 But we ll teach them a trick that will make them feel sick, 
 
 And the " Act of Secession" they will bitterly rue. 
 
 When the nations shall hear such a thundering cheer, 
 When the flag of the " Union" we ll fling to the breeze, 
 
 Then will Davis be routed and Beauregard scouted, 
 And treason be banished far over the seas. 
 
 What s the use of our sighing or foolishly crying, 
 
 Tis patience above that can alter our case, 
 Let us hope for the best, trust God for the rest, 
 
 Sing a song, and bravely stare fate in the face. 
 
 Though fate went against us and sorely oppressed us, 
 
 By leaving us here in the prison to die, 
 We can laugh at our foes and turn up our nose, 
 
 While their stars and their bars we scorn and defy. 
 
 Although they board us, they barely afford us 
 
 As much meat as a butcher would throw to a dog, 
 
 But provisions are dear, and their "plasters,"* I hear, 
 Are not worth their weight in potatoes or hog. 
 
 WAK DEPARTMENT RECORD OF PENSION DIVISION. 
 
 WASHINGTON, April 17111, 1890. 
 Respectfully returned to William II. Jeffrey, Manchester, N. H. 
 
 The records show that Francois M. Peacock was Sergeant-Major of the yth New 
 York Volunteers; was captured at Pamlico, October 21 st, 1861, on board the steamer 
 " Fanny," and was released January 29th, 1862. 
 
 By authority of Secretary of War, 
 
 F. C. AINSWORTII, 
 
 Captain and Assistant Surgeon, United States Army. 
 
 For further details the reader is referred to the sketch by Lieutenant William A. 
 Abbott. 
 
 *" Plasters," a name given Confederate money by the "Yankees," 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 35 
 
 When the battle was over they rushed from their cover, 
 And gallantly charged on the wounded and lame, 
 
 And the ambulance car was a trophy of war 
 
 That would tinge the dark cheek of a savage with shame. 
 
 They may boast as they please how they captured with ease, 
 The " Yankees " who fought at Manassas that day, 
 
 But they know very well, if the truth they would tell, 
 That thev lost two to one in that bloody affray. 
 
 LIGGON TOBACCO FACTORY, 
 RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, August, 1861. 
 
 The following selection is taken from "The Stars and 
 Stripes in Rebellion," a paper printed in South Carolina and 
 Parish Prison, New Orleans. 
 
 THE RACES. 
 
 " BY VICTOR, TRUMONSVILLE, DARLINGTON, SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 Tune : " Maid of Monterey " 
 
 The great Manassas races, the greatest of the year, 
 With eighty thousand cases of panic-stricken fear, 
 
 Were run one Sabbath evening, and the succeeding night, 
 With speed beyond believing, impelled by dread of fight. 
 
 Their cannon were deserted, their guns were thrown away, 
 And as by all asserted, they ran till break of day; 
 
 Left wounded, dead and dying, all strewed upon the ground, 
 And never stopped their flying till Washington they found, 
 
 A certain Mister Ely, a member of the hump, 
 
 Who ran a while too freely, then hid behind a stump, 
 
 Came out to see the battle, nor dreamed of such a rout, 
 His teeth began to rattle when Mullin pulled him out. 
 
 Another Legislator, and Gurley was his name, 
 Who ran a little later, but not with equal fame, 
 
 Seized on another s bridle, as he drove on to town, 
 
 But twas no time to idle, the driver knocked him down. 
 
 The Generals and Colonels were foremost in the run ; 
 Scared by the masked infernals, they fled for Arlington, 
 
}6 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Leaving their troops behind them to come as best they could, 
 Or let the rebels find them, or slay them if they would. 
 
 The cavalry rode freely, went dashing over men, 
 But not so fast as Greeley, as one is less than ten ; 
 
 The Long Bridge they were crossing, a little after night, 
 And everything went tossing that intercepted flight. 
 
 At Centerville the rally was but a moment long, 
 
 A rebel picket sally, about a hundred strong. 
 Was made with much shouting, twelve furloughs back behind, 
 
 Which issued in the routing of every sort and kind. 
 
 The stand they made at Fairfax a little longer still, 
 But here again was blasted their little stock of will ; 
 
 They scampered, all affrighted, and scarcely looked behind, 
 With every prospect blighted and all of hope resigned. 
 
 "The Kangaroo" was waiting to hear the battle gained, 
 With infernal wine inflated, with black dishonor stained. 
 
 Then sunk below cold zero, when mercury grows hard, 
 A bogus Western hero, whom all should now discard. 
 
 October 24th, several prominent men visited the prison, 
 and among them was the late vice-president, John C. 
 Breckinridge, and Hon. James Lyons, Confederate Com 
 missioner at Richmond. Mr. Breckinridge had an inter 
 view with the Hon. Mr. Ely and volunteered to say that he 
 should take the liberty to suggest to the Secretary of War, 
 Mr. Benjamin, to allow him (Mr. Ely) to go home, when 
 ever there would be any released prisoners sent, as he sup 
 posed there would be soon. 
 
 There arrived at the prison on this date the prisoners who 
 were taken at the battle of Leesburgh (Balls Bluff) Octo 
 ber 2 1 st. There were twenty-one commissioned officers, 
 and six hundred and fifty-seven non-commissioned officers 
 and privates. 
 
 The following are the names of the officers and their 
 respective commands : 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 37 
 
 Colonel \V. Raymond Lee, Boston, 2oth Regiment Massachusetts 
 Volunteers. 
 
 Colonel Milton Cogswell, United States Army, New York Tam 
 many Regiment. 
 
 Major Paul J. Revere, Boston, 2oth Massachusetts Regiment. 
 
 Adjutant Charles L. Pearson, Salem, 2oth Massachusetts Regiment. 
 
 Surgeon E. H. R. Revere, Boston, 2oth Massachusetts Regiment. 
 
 Captain Francis J. Keffer, Philadelphia, ist California Regiment. 
 
 Captain John Markoe, Philadelphia, ist California Regiment. 
 
 Captain Timothy O Meara, New York, Tammany Regiment. 
 
 Captain John M. Studley, Worcester, i5th Massachusetts Regiment. 
 
 Captain Henry Bowman, Clinton, i5th Massachusetts Regiment. 
 
 Captain Clark Simmonds, Fitchburg, i5th Massachuselts Regiment. 
 
 Captain George W. Rockwood, Leominister, I5th Massachusetts 
 Regiment. 
 
 First Lieutenant J. S. Green, North Brookfield, 151)1 Massachusetts 
 Regiment. 
 
 First Lieutenant J. Harris Hooker, , i5th Massachusetts 
 
 Regiment. 
 
 First Lieutenant George B. Perry, Boston, 2oth Massachusetts 
 Regiment. 
 
 First Lieutenant Samuel Gibson, New York, Tammany Regiment. 
 
 First Lieutenant William C. Harris, Philadelphia, ist California 
 Regiment. 
 
 First Lieutenant W. H. Kernes, Philadelphia, ist California Regi 
 ment. 
 
 First Lieutenant George W. Kenney, Philadelphia, ist California 
 Regiment. 
 
 First Lieutenant Charles McPhearson, New York, Tammany 
 Regiment. 
 
 Second Lieutenant B. B. Vassall, Oxford, i5th Massachusetts 
 Regiment. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Frank A. Parker, Philadelphia, ist California 
 Regiment. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Charles M. Hooper, Philadelphia, ist California 
 Regiment. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Henry Van Voast, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 
 New York Tammany Regiment. 
 
 The battle of Ball s Bluff stands forth to-day in history as 
 one of the most severe in the whole conflict. Colonel 
 Baker with his little force of only sixteen hundred men 
 
38 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 stood the fire of more than twice their number from early 
 morning until late at night. When our troops were cut to 
 pieces, and the gallant Colonel Baker had fallen, Colonel 
 Milton Cogswell assumed command and ordered them to 
 throw their arms into the river and escape as best they 
 could. 
 
 There is an incident worthy of recording here as it con 
 tains nearly the last words ever spoken by Colonel Baker. 
 When Colonel Cogswell arrived upon the field of battle, 
 Colonel Baker approached him and taking him by both 
 hands, said, "Colonel, one blast from your bugle horn is 
 worth a thousand soldiers." 
 
 October 27th, Sunday, at an early hour General Winder 
 and Captain Gibbs called at the prison. 
 
 October 29th, there was a rumor at the prison that Colo 
 nel Michael Corcoran, a prisoner of war at Charleston, 
 South Carolina, had been shot, but the rumor proved to be 
 groundless. 
 
 On the evening of the 3Oth, the Richmond Prison Asso 
 ciation met and held a most interesting and dignified ses 
 sion. The object of the meeting was to introduce to mem 
 bership the officers who were captured at Ball s Bluff on 
 the 2 1 st. 
 
 Edward Taylor, Esq., of Cincinnati, Ohio, in a befitting 
 speech introduced Colonel W. Raymond Lee and the offi 
 cers of his command, who all stood in front of the chair 
 during the address. Colonel Lee replied in a dignified and 
 handsome manner, and alluded to the cordial greeting and 
 friendship with which he and his associates had been re 
 ceived since their arrival. Colonel Milton Cogswell and 
 the officers of his command next arose and were intro- 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 39 
 
 duced by Chaplain Mines of the 2nd Maine Regiment. 
 The Colonel replied with eloquence and grace. Lieutenant 
 Dickinson introduced Captain Bowman and officers of the 
 1 5th Massachusetts Regiment in a brief speech, to which 
 Captain Bowman responded. Lieutenant Church of Com 
 pany E, 2nd Rhode Island Regiment, introduced Captain 
 Markoe and Captain KefTer replied. Surgeon William B. 
 Fletcher of the 6th Indiana Regiment introduced the naval 
 officer present, applauding that branch of the Government 
 service, to which Quarter-Master Isaac W. Hart in appro 
 priate terms responded. Captain Thomas Cox introduced 
 Lieutenant (?) Francois M. Peacock of Macao, China, in an 
 amusing speech, creating great merriment. He responded 
 in a very humorous manner and closed up the performance 
 by narrating, in a droll style, the incident of his capture on 
 board of the United States transport, Fanny," at which 
 the whole association was convulsed in laughter. 
 
 November 2nd, rumor had it that more prisoners were 
 to be sent south, early the following week. The newspa 
 pers of the morning of November 6th, announced that five 
 hundred letters for prisoners had arrived at the Richmond 
 postoffice. 
 
 November 9th, the news of the trial of the Savannah pri 
 vateer in Philadelphia and the conviction of Smith, one of 
 the number, for piracy, created great excitement among the 
 officers, as Jefferson Davis, in his message to the Confeder- 
 erate Congress in July, had proposed that, if these priva 
 teers were sacrificed, the act should be retaliated upon the 
 Federal prisoners. 
 
 On the following day a most exciting and painful scene 
 occurred among the officers. In the morning Brigadier- 
 
40 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 General John H. Winder, accompanied by his staff, entered 
 the officers quarters and requested them to assemble. He 
 told them that he had been directed by the Secretary of 
 War to execute the order he held in his hand, which he 
 would read. It was as follows : 
 
 CONFEDERATE STATES OF AMERICA, WAR DEPARTMENT, 
 
 RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, November 9th, 1861. 
 
 SIR : You are hereby instructed to choose by lot from among the 
 prisoners of war of highest rank one who is to be confined in a cell 
 appropriate to convicted felons, and who is to be treated in all respects 
 as if such convict, and to hold for execution in the same manner as 
 may be adopted by the enemy for the execution of the prisoner of 
 war Smith, condemned to death in Philadelphia. 
 
 You will also select thirteen other prisoners of war, the highest in 
 rank of those captured by our forces, to be confined in the cells 
 reserved for prisoners accused of infamous crimes and will treat them 
 as such as long as the enemy shall continue so to treat the like number 
 of prisoners of war captured by them at sea, and now held by them for 
 trial in New York as pirates. 
 
 As these measures are intended to repress the infamous attempt 
 now made by the enemy to commit judicial murder on prisoners of 
 war, you will execute this strictly as the mode best calculated to 
 prevent the commission of so heinous a crime. 
 
 Your obedient servant, 
 
 J. P. BENJAMIN, 
 
 Acting Secretary of War. 
 To Brigadier-General John H. Winder. 
 
 The following in regard to the above is from ^ Ely s 
 Journal in Richmond," under date of November loth : 
 
 " After the reading of this order, he (General Winder) 
 delivered to Colonel W. Raymond Lee of tbe 2Oth Massa 
 chusetts Regiment six slips of paper, upon which were 
 written the names of the six Federal Colonels now held as 
 prisoners of war by the Confederates, and requested him to 
 open each and see that the names of the Colonels were 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 4! 
 
 upon the papers. Colonel Lee for the moment declined, 
 but General Winder insisted. 
 
 "When he read the name on each paper he folded and 
 placed it in a tin tube nearly a foot long and only large 
 enough to admit the hand. After shaking up the ballots, 
 General Winder requested me to draw from the case a bal 
 lot and the Colonel whose name was drawn would be the 
 one who should stand as hostage for the privateer Smith, 
 now condemned to death in Philadelphia. This I declined 
 to do except at the instance and request of the officers. 
 The unpleasant duty, so suddenly imposed on me in pres 
 ence of the deeply interested array of military men, pro 
 duced a most thrilling feeling of regret and pain ; and I 
 would gladly have been spared the unwelcome task, called 
 upon as I was to draw lots for one among the six brave and 
 gallant officers who had fought the battles of his country, 
 and who would have to be removed from his compara 
 tively comfortable quarters to a felon s dungeon ; there to 
 suffer and stand as a pledge to die in case of the execution 
 of a condemned pirate. 
 
 "Our own officers consented, however, and I proceeded 
 to draw the lot. It fell upon Colonel Michael Corcoran, now 
 in Castle Pinkney as a prisoner of war. The Colonel was 
 my messmate and intimate friend before he had been trans 
 ferred from Richmond to South Carolina, and great was my 
 regret at finding that I had been the innocent cause of thus 
 adding to his misfortune. I was selected for the painful 
 duty, it would seem, because, not being a military man, I 
 was considered the most appropriate person to do it. 
 
 "Next came the selecting of the thirteen to stand as hos 
 tages for the Savannah privateers, and as there were only ten 
 6 
 
42 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 field officers left in the hands of Confederates, it became 
 necessary to draw lots for the three Captains and of the 
 whole number, then fifteen, in their hands. These were 
 drawn in like manner from the tin case, after the name of 
 each Captain had been placed in it. 
 
 "I drew as before, and the lots fell upon Captain J. B. 
 Ricketts, Captain J. W. Rockwood and Captain H. W. 
 McQuade. Close by my side stood Captain Cox of Ohio, 
 who, when the ballot was drawn with Captain McQuade s 
 name upon it, stepped forward and said, General Winder, 
 place my name upon your list in place of Captain McQuade. 
 The General replied, I have no authority to do so, sir. 
 This noble action on the part of Captain Cox won for him 
 the applause of his fellow officers and entitled him to be 
 remembered by the suffering soldiers. Captain Ricketts 
 and Captain McQuade were thrown out by the Secretary 
 of War, as they were wounded, and another drawing was 
 ordered. Accordingly, Captain Thomas Cox was selected 
 to draw the lots, which resulted in the selection of Captain 
 Browman and Captain Keffer. The officers selected were 
 taken to Henrico County Jail on the following day." 
 
 Mr. Ely, in writing of the way in which Colonel Michael 
 Corcoran would receive the news of his being selected as 
 hostage for Smith, says, "When the mandate reaches Colo 
 nel Corcoran for his removal to close confinement in Charles 
 ton Jail, and he is told that he is a hostage for the life of a 
 miserable pirate, a contemptuous smile will steal over his 
 countenance, and he will remark, Gentlemen, our turn by 
 and bye. 
 
 November i sth, it was stated that the officers and pri 
 vates were to be sent to Tuscaloosa, Alabama, and to Salis- 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 43 
 
 bury, North Carolina. The scene of preparation for de 
 parture from the rooms above was touching indeed. When 
 morning dawned, the men emptied their ticks of straw, 
 tied them over their shoulders, gathered up what little traps 
 they had and formed into line, many of them without shoes, 
 some without stockings, and not a few compelled to sub 
 stitute their drawers for pantaloons. But before leaving 
 they sang "Hail Columbia" and the "Star Spangled Ban 
 ner," gave three hearty cheers for the Union, and, with 
 tears streaming down many a cheek, the fellows started on 
 their march of fifteen hundred miles further into the enemy s 
 country. 
 
 November i6th, the Richmond Prison Association held a 
 meeting, when Captain Todd of the Lincoln Cavalry, re 
 cently captured and sent there from the Potomac, was pre 
 sented for membership in a speech by Quartermaster Hart, 
 to which Captain Todd briefly replied. 
 
 November i7th, it was reported that Mason and Slidell, 
 the Confederate Commissioners to England and France, had 
 been captured, and on the i8th the Richmond papers sub 
 stantiated the news and also said that Mr. Eustis, late 
 United States Member of Congress from Louisiana, and Mr. 
 McFarland, private secretaries of the commissioners, were 
 also captured. 
 
 November 2oth, the Sergeant gave notice that more of 
 the prisoners were to go South three days later. 
 
 November 22nd, twenty-one officers and one hundred 
 and fifty non-commissioned officers and privates left the 
 prison for Tuscaloosa. The officers were as follows : 
 
 Captain W. L. Bowers. 
 Captain Thomas Cox, Jr. 
 
44 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Chaplain James Dense. 
 Captain Timothy O Meara. 
 Lieutenant E. W. Hale. 
 Lieutenant [ ? ] F. M. Peacock. 
 Lieutenant F. T. Sheffer. 
 Lieutenant Charles Gilman. 
 Lieutenant Isaac M. Church. 
 Lieutenant James Gannon. 
 Lieutenant S. R. Knight. 
 Lieutenant George B. Keniston. 
 Lieutenant S. B. Preston. 
 Lieutenant William H. Clark. 
 Lieutenant John Baglej. 
 Lieutenant Frank A. Parker. 
 Lieutenant John K. Skinner. 
 Lieutenant Samuel Irwin. 
 Lieutenant S. B. Kittredge. 
 Lieutenant James Farran. 
 
 Among the many who deserve a passing remark is 
 Lieutenant Isaac W. Hart, author of the now famous Pris 
 oner s Song. He was always ready for a harmless frolic, 
 could tell a good story or cleverly sing a song, and did 
 much to shorten the dull hours of prison life. His warm 
 hearted feelings toward his fellow-prisoners were displayed, 
 not only in contributing to their amusement, but in exciting 
 in the loyal States such public sympathy as would tend to 
 the relief of those in confinement. As an illustration of 
 this 1 will insert the following communication from him to 
 the Washington Star : 
 
 OUR SOLDIERS AT RICHMOND. 
 
 Editor of the Star, Washington, D. C. : 
 
 The object of this communication is to call the attention of jour 
 numerous readers to the condition of the Federal prisoners of war at 
 this point, for every sympathetic emotion is called up when we behold 
 from day to day their entire destitution and suffering. I have been 
 frequently inquired of by the pale, sickly, half-clad and heart-broken 
 soldiers, away from home and in prison in an enemy s land : " When 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 45 
 
 will our Government send us some clothing and blankets? Do you 
 know, Lieutenant?" And then I have heard them despondingly add : 
 " If our parents knew how we suffered here they would send to our 
 relief, but I suppose they think that the Government will see to it." 
 Looking at their rags they would sometimes say: "I was not accus 
 tomed to these things at my father s house," and I have often seen the 
 tears trickle down their cheeks. 
 
 It was by these oft-repeated scenes, so feebly described, that the 
 noble-hearted Ely was prompted to make the proposition which is 
 contained in the Enquirer of this morning, and which is as follows : 
 "The Yankee prisoners of war in this city are beginning to feel the 
 want of proper clothing. Congressman Ely has very generously 
 offered of his private means, which are quite ample, the amount 
 necessary to purchase clothing; but his fellow prisoners decline to 
 permit him to do that which their Government should long since have 
 recognized as a binding duty." 
 
 This notice states that they refused it because they love their 
 country, and as they have volunteered in her service, they still believe 
 she would come to their relief. Still they suffer on. I use the term 
 half-clad, and it is not an exaggeration. I have seen them without 
 shoes, socks, shirts, coats, caps or hats, and in some instances only 
 drawers for pants. They are dirty and pale from long confinement. 
 I have seen hundreds of them started South to other quarters, exposed 
 to the gaze of curious and excited crowds and receiving the mild 
 appellation of ^Hessians," 
 
 Now, as generous as the proposition of the Hon. Mr. Ely was, it 
 would have gone but a small way in meeting the demands of the 
 present number of prisoners here. The Confederate soldiers are 
 supplied with all their necessaries by home contributions. 
 
 To refer to Mr. Ely once more, I wish he was at his post in the 
 "House of Congress" this day, for I feel confident that he could 
 present the case in its proper light, and in such a manner as would 
 cause the whole heart of the people to throb in sympathy with the 
 poor prisoners and institute a system of exchange at once, which, as 
 viewed from this stand-point, every principle of justice and humanity 
 seems to demand. Of the first prisoners sent by the Confederates, 
 seventy were promptly exchanged by our Government. Last week 
 five were sent by the Federal Government and were promptly 
 responded to by the Confederate Government. Now, Sir, this prin 
 ciple, applied and carried out, would exchange every man of us at 
 once. Three thousand men have their eyes turned to the Govern 
 ment, and also numerous friends at home, all looking and praying for 
 that period to arrive. Shall they look in vain? May all that is holy, 
 
46 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 good, or patriotic forbid it! And that God s blessing may descend 
 upon every heart that acts justly is the prayer of one of the prisoners 
 at Richmond, to which all the rest respond, Amen ! 
 
 Yours respectfully, 
 
 ISAAC W. HART. 
 RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, December nth, 1861. 
 
 Mr. Ely in his journal gives the following account of the 
 escape of Colonel Charles A. DeVilliers of the iith Ohio 
 Regiment, Volunteers : 
 
 "During the time of my confinement at Richmond there 
 were several escapes of prisoners, both officers and privates. 
 Some of these presented features of such singular adroit 
 ness in out-manoeuvring the authorities and public men 
 as to occasion much merriment when the news of the 
 adventures reached us. Among them, the escape of 
 Colonel DeVilliers was so remarkable for skilful contrivance 
 and success in defeating all the efforts made for his detec 
 tion, that a short account of it may here be introduced as a 
 not inappropriate appendage to the story." 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 47 
 
 COLONEL CHARLES A. DEVILLIERS. 
 
 IMPRISONMENT AND ESCAPE. 
 
 / 
 
 COLONEL CHARLES A. DE VILLIERS, of the i ith Ohio Regi 
 ment, was taken a prisoner of war on the Kanawaha River 
 by General Wise, on the I7th of July, 1861, with other 
 officers of General Cox s brigade. On his arrival at 
 Richmond, the Colonel was evidently much distressed, 
 keenly feeling the mortification arising from his imprison 
 ment, and, being of an exceedingly nervous temperament, 
 was subject at times to great depression of spirits. This, 
 however, soon wore away, and we found ourselves under 
 great obligations to him for exhibitions of the most difficult 
 feats of soldiers drill, of which he was a complete master. 
 He was, indeed, a bundle of nerves, almost without flesh, 
 weighing not more than one hundred and ten pounds, and 
 his exercises with the musket and with the broad sword, as 
 displayed in the prison, entitled him to the full credit of 
 being the master under whose teaching the lamented 
 Ellsworth acquired his proficiency in Zouave drill and 
 military discipline. Being somewhat acquainted with the 
 practice of surgery, he was detailed by the "Confederate" 
 surgeons of the post to assist in taking charge of the sick 
 
48 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 and wounded prisoners at the hospitals. Like other Federal 
 surgeons acting in the same capacity, he enjoyed the 
 freedom of the city, upon his parole of honor, until about 
 the third day of September, when, for some reason not 
 fully understood by our officers at the time, he was deprived 
 of his parole, and returned to close confinement in the 
 officers quarters. 
 
 On Sunday morning after his return to the prison, for the 
 purpose, as we supposed, of raising money, he sold at 
 auction to the officers in the prison several articles of his 
 military clothing. On the same evening he escaped from 
 the prison ; but in what manner or through what device, I 
 never learned. I concluded, however, that his departure 
 could not have been unknown to some of the officers, 
 from the fact that his name was responded to by some one 
 of the officers at roll-call for three successive mornings and 
 for this reason his escape was not suspected by the Confed 
 erate officers, until the Colonel had been four days on his 
 way. It was conjectured from circumstances known to some 
 of the officers that the Colonel had fled in the disguise of a 
 Confederate officer ; that he was assisted by two rebel offi 
 cers in his escape, who supplied him with a fleet horse 
 which they stationed on the outside of the town, where it 
 was understood they were to meet the Colonel and who 
 were to provide him with pistols, a carbine, food etc., 
 necessary to pursue his journey, which of course, had to 
 be made in the night hours. When his escape became 
 known, great efforts were made by the rebel officers to 
 recapture him ; and officers and scouts were sent in all 
 directions in pursuit ; but weeks rolled away and no tidings 
 were heard ot him. 
 
MAJOR J. T. W. HAIRSTON. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 49 
 
 At this time the vigilance exercised throughout Virginia 
 among civilians, as well as military, made it almost impos 
 sible to get across the country in the direction of the Poto 
 mac, and little doubt was entertained by his fellow officers 
 that the Colonel would be recaptured and brought back to 
 prison, in case he attempted to escape in that direction. 
 His fate, however, was not known at Richmond until his 
 arrival at Washington was announced in the papers artd his 
 appointment as a Brigadier-General, nearly two months 
 afterwards. 
 
 The General, as it turned out, after leaving the prison 
 bent his course toward Norfolk, which city, though but 
 about one hundred miles distant from Richmond, he only 
 reached after six weeks travel, performed in short stages by 
 night through the swamps and marshes between the two 
 cities; subsisting on berries and shrubs and exposed to 
 hardships such as only an experienced soldier could sur 
 vive. Arriving at Norfolk, he managed to disguise himself 
 as a mendicant Frenchman, aged, very infirm and nearly 
 blind, and thus gained admittance to a hospital in that 
 city. In some way he procured a pair of green goggles, 
 and a pack, with which, stooping and resting on a rough 
 cane, the poor old Frenchman became an object of general 
 commiseration. In this condition he had the freedom of 
 the city, but he spoke only the French language. Finally 
 he made an application to the rebel general in command, 
 for permission to go to Fortress Monroe under the flag of 
 truce, that he might embark for his dear old home in France. 
 
 The piteous story of the venerable Frenchman, his 
 eagerness to return to his home, which he had left before 
 the Rebellion broke out, and the accommodating spirit of 
 7 
 
50 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 the Confederates as manifested to the French as well as to 
 the English at that time, induced the Rebel General, after 
 two weeks delay and persistent application on the part of 
 DeVilliers, to allow him to go on board the truce boat. 
 When the boat met the Federal steamer, the infirm old 
 Frenchman, at the venerable age of thirty-five, was assisted 
 on board the Union boat by the compassionate Norfolk 
 officers, who bade him an affectionate adieu. No sooner 
 had he reached the deck of the Union boat, however, than 
 he coolly cast off his pack and green goggles, and, after 
 thanking the officers for their politeness, shouted with an 
 air of youthful animation, a loud huzza for the Stars and 
 Stripes, and gave the Confederates the information that 
 they had just released Colonel Charles A. De Villiers of the 
 nth Ohio Regiment, Volunteers. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 5! 
 
 HUMORS OF PRISON LIFE. 
 
 THE following short sketches have been gathered together 
 by the writer to show how our boys in blue" passed 
 their time during those dark days, and how from the most 
 adverse circumstances some will find amusement: 
 
 WANT TO SEE ELY. 
 
 The following was often heard near the prison doors: 
 "Where is the little man with the big head? I reckon I d 
 like to see him, and I ll give you ten dollars to show him 
 up." The prison exchequer was low, but Mr. Ely enter 
 tained too mild an appreciation of Confederate currency to 
 yield to the temptations which beset him. 
 
 BREAKING OUT. 
 
 A prisoner writes: "We notice a growing disposition 
 among the prisoners to break out, particularly in the 
 pants." 
 
 SALAD ? 
 
 Another prisoner writes: "We again have to thank our 
 hospital steward for a savory dish of salad (?), raw pota 
 toes and cabbage! " 
 
52 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 NEVER RETREATS, BUT FALLS BACK. 
 
 A prisoner, in writing to a friend, thus speaks of the 
 South: "The Southern Army is always victorious (?) and 
 never fails to fall back when the enemy advances; and it is 
 an utter impossibility for them to lose more than one man." 
 
 RICE FOUND IN THE SOUP. 
 
 From Stars and Stripes in Rebeldom : "The boys in No. 
 4, who were so frightened by finding rice in their soup on 
 Thursday, are recovering. They are assured by the prison 
 keeper that it was a mistake, and he assures them that it 
 shall not occur again." 
 
 HE SAVED HIS SUPPER. 
 
 J. Lane Fitts of Candia, New Hampshire, a prisoner of 
 war, in writing of his imprisonment, speaks of how a 
 fellow-prisoner would prevent others from stealing his soup, 
 as follows: "Comrade Dow, from a Massachusetts Regi 
 ment, to prevent losing his ration of soup, would draw his 
 soup, spit in it, and set it by for his supper. It was evi 
 dently worth more to him than any one else, and I never 
 knew of him losing his supper." 
 
 WEAR PANTS, OR OTHERWISE APPEAR AWKWARD. 
 
 "All prisoners of war leaving for the North during the 
 month of December are cautioned that the weather there is 
 generally cooler than here, and it would be well to get ac 
 customed to the wearing of pants and jackets before leav 
 ing their present quarters; otherwise their awkwardness 
 may attract attention in Washington and at home. To 
 prevent any bad results from too sudden change of diet the 
 authorities have changed the morning call from f Tea-ho to 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 53 
 
 Rye-ho/ the prisoner will be duly notified of any change 
 of vegetables. Beefsteak will be furnished in the spring- 
 perhaps. " 
 
 MARKETS. 
 
 Bread, readily taken in small quantities. Bone, sales 
 small, owing to change of guards. Soup, considerable de 
 crease (in strength), owing to the abundance of water. 
 Rice, none in the market. Woollens, very abundant in the 
 form of rags. Toothpicks continue pointed. 
 
 NOTICE. 
 
 One morning the following notice was given to all pris 
 oners by their own leader, and not the keeper: "All per 
 sons desiring to establish among the strangers visiting the 
 prison the impression that we have set up our stomachs as 
 household gods, and of gaining a reputation for greediness 
 and beastly behavior, are requested to meet around the 
 barrel containing the extra soup. It is the general desire 
 that they meet in such numbers as to terrify speculators, 
 and consequently cause a decline in the pork market. Spe 
 cial meetings of the body will be called on appearance of 
 any empty molasses barrels." 
 
 WATER VERSUS BUTTER. 
 From History of 27th New York Regiment. 
 
 Notwithstanding the inferior quality of our food, some 
 times under the administration of Wirtz we got nothing 
 but bread and water. The escapes from the prison were 
 numerous. Whenever an escape was discovered, Wirtz 
 would enter the prison in a towering rage and demand to 
 know how the prisoners had escaped, but seldom found 
 out, as we all refused to answer his queries. 
 
54 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 "Tell me, or I shall keep you tree days on pred and 
 wasser." "Oh, ho! " would shout a dozen voices, "Three 
 cheers for Wirtz. He will feed us three days on bread and 
 butter!" " No, no! you tarn villains; I say pred and 
 wasser ; wasser, not busser ! " and he proved as good as 
 his word. 
 
 SOUTHERN CURIOSITY. 
 
 During the day of August 25th, 1861, an old man came 
 to the prison in Richmond and asked to see Mr. Ely. He 
 said he wanted to be able to tell his neighbors, on his return 
 home, that he had seen the Yankee Congressman (he had 
 come more than a thousand miles for this purpose). Mr. 
 Ely speaks of the call in his Journal as follows: 
 
 "I at first refused to gratify the old man, but some of the 
 officers desired me to indulge his curiosity. They further 
 urged me to put on a broad-brimmed white hat, and an 
 old black coat, ragged and torn, and to pass carelessly in 
 front of the door. After being thus equipped, I went to the 
 door, and with an air of indifference looked out into the 
 street, whereupon the Commissary remarked in a quick 
 tone of voice, as he pointed to me, That s him. The old 
 man strained every nerve to see the object of his search, 
 and after gazing a while, was heard to exclaim, Hell and 
 blazes ! is that the feller I came so fer to see ! Well, well, 
 I m satisfied. 
 
 HON. ALFRED ELY S WASHDAY IN WASHINGTON. 
 From Ely s Journal in Richmond. 
 
 "My towels I washed myself; my blue-streaked, sixteen- 
 cent pocket handkerchief I undertook to baptize in the same 
 way, after an uninterrupted nasal use of four long weeks, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 55 
 
 when to my dismay, my hands and the wristbands of my 
 coat and shirt had more indigo upon them than all the 
 water of Damascus could make clean. What a scrape! 
 only one shirt, with the wristbands as blue as an indigo 
 bag. This was my first attempt at washing, and like all 
 washing days, it was blue." 
 
 CONGRESSMAN ELY SIZED UP BY A SOUTHERNER. 
 
 The following is from Congressman Ely s Journal of No 
 vember ist: Among the outside visitors upon the walk, 
 was a tall pitch-pine scraper, who, after taking great pains 
 to see me, was heard to pay the following compliment: 
 Well, he may be a smart fellow, but I ll be durned if he 
 looks like it. " 
 
56 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 THE SOLDIER S PRAYER. 
 
 FURNISHED FOR "RICHMOND PRISONS, lS6l-lS62," BY HARRY CLIFTON. 
 
 OUR father who art in Washington, 
 
 Abraham Lincoln is thy name; 
 
 Thy will be done in the South as it is done in the North, 
 
 Give us this day our daily rations of hardtack and salt horse, 
 
 Forgive our Quartermasters as we forgive our commissaries. 
 
 Lead us not into battles or rivers, 
 
 But deliver us from General Winder. 
 
 For thine is the power of the soldiers and negroes, 
 
 For the term of three years or sooner shot. 
 
 Amen. 
 
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 PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION OF A PAGE OF THE ORIGINAL RECORD 
 KEPT BY THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 6 1 
 
 A FEW BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES. 
 
 Prepared by George S. Ililliard for "Ely s Journal in Richmond." 
 COLONEL W. RAYMOND LEE. 
 
 COLONEL W. RAYMOND LEE was born in Salem, Massa 
 chusetts, in 1807. He comes of a patriotic stock on both 
 sides. His paternal grandfather, whose name he inherited, 
 entered the army as Colonel of Glover s regiment, at the 
 commencement of the Revolutionary War. His mother s 
 grandfather, Jeremiah Lee, of Marblehead, was one of the 
 Committee of Public Safety in 1776. He was roused in the 
 night by the approach of British soldiers, and had just time 
 to escape by a back window. He lay concealed all night 
 in a cornfield, and in consequence of the exposure, took a 
 cold which was the cause of his death. His maternal grand 
 father, Nathaniel Tracy, was one of the wealthy merchants 
 of Newburyport. At the beginning of the Revolution the 
 privateers owned by him took several hundred thousand 
 dollars worth of military stores. As our soldiers were in 
 great want of them, he, with more generosity than pru 
 dence, made them over to the Government without proper 
 securities in return, and was never paid for them in conse 
 quence. 
 
62 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Colonel Lee entered West Point at the age of sixteen, and 
 graduated in due course, but did not embrace the military 
 profession. He became a civil engineer, and in that capac 
 ity was sent to Texas by a company of Boston gentlemen 
 who supposed themselves to be possessed of a large tract 
 of land in that region. Their right, however, was disputed 
 by the Mexican Government, and Colonel Lee was taken 
 prisoner and detained in custody for several months. Upon 
 his release he resumed the exercise of his profession. He 
 was for many years Superintendent of the Boston & Prov 
 idence Railroad. Resigning that office a few years since, he 
 devoted himself to the general duties of his profession in 
 Boston and vicinity, especially in matters connected with 
 railroads. 
 
 As soon as the Rebellion broke out, in the spring of 1861, 
 Colonel Lee, who had never lost his interest in the profes 
 sion for which he was trained, offered his services to the 
 Government, and in the latter part of June received orders 
 to raise a regiment. These orders were promptly obeyed, 
 and on the 2nd of September he proceeded to Washington 
 with his regiment, the Twentieth of the Massachusetts 
 Volunteers. He was immediately sent to the advance post 
 on the upper Potomac, where he remained until the 2ist of 
 October, when he was taken to Richmond as a prisoner of 
 war, having been captured at the battle of Ball s Bluff. He 
 remained in prison until November 9th, when he was 
 chosen as a hostage to be confined in the county jail to 
 stand for the condemned pirates then convicted by the 
 Federal Government* 
 
 * Colonel Lee no\v resides at Jamaica Plain, Massachusetts, and is in the eighty- 
 fourth year of his age. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 63 
 
 COLONEL MICHAEL CORCORAN. 
 
 Colonel Michael Corcoran of the Sixty-ninth New York 
 Regiment was wounded at the battle of Bull Run, taken 
 prisoner and confined in Liggon Prison at Richmond, Vir 
 ginia. He was drawn as hostage and confined at Castle 
 Pinkney, but was afterwards removed to Charleston. At 
 this late day it has been almost impossible to learn very 
 much of the Colonel s life, but the following is taken from 
 the Journal of Mr. Ely while a prisoner of war: 
 
 "By way of showing what kind of a heart Colonel Cor 
 coran possessed, the editor would quote two or three dis 
 connected passages from a published letter which he wrote 
 while confined in Castle Pinkney, especially as they throw 
 some additional light on prison life in the Southern States. 
 It is only necessary to say that the Colonel was a devoted 
 member of the Roman Catholic Church : 
 
 * * * * * " In my last I mentioned that the people of 
 Charleston had treated us with considerable courtesy on the 
 occasion of our arrival in and departure from that city, but 
 neglected to state another favorable change in our treatment 
 here. The officers have the liberty of the island on which 
 the Castle is situated, from reveille to retreat, and are al 
 lowed the liberty of the interior yard during the aforesaid 
 hours. This is quite a change from Virginia hospitality, 
 where we had not been permitted one moment for air or 
 exercise during the fifty days of our detention in the ever 
 monotonous tobacco factory. 
 
 " The Bishop of this place visited me and spoke in that 
 mild, gentlemanly and Christian spirit for which all our 
 clergy everywhere, and under all circumstances, have been 
 
64 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 so truly characterized. He handed me all the funds in his 
 possession, and of which I stood in the greatest need, and 
 appointed to come here last Thursday to celebrate mass and 
 attend to the religious necessities of the prisoners; but the 
 day proved so wet and stormy that it was impossible, with 
 out imminent danger, to cross over from the city, but we 
 expect him at his earliest convenience. This is the first 
 time that any apparent interest has been taken in our spirit 
 ual welfare. 
 
 ***** " The good sisters of our faith residing in 
 Richmond, thank God, can rise above all national or sec 
 tional strife and contention of the world, with their usual 
 self-sacrificing and Christian disposition to render aid 
 and comfort to the afflicted, attended to such of our wound 
 ed as were at the general hospital; and our officers and 
 men who were there, and who represent all classes of re 
 ligion, are unanimous in their praise of the care and atten 
 tion bestowed in dressing and cleaning the wounded, and 
 many attribute their recovery to their untiring exertions. 
 
 ***** " The prisoners here, who left Richmond on 
 the 1 3th, consist of thirty-four officers, and one hundred 
 and twenty non-commissioned officers and privates; among 
 the former are three Colonels, a Lieutenant Colonel and a 
 Major. 
 
 " This place is already well-known, therefore needs no 
 description. The casements are occupied as quarters. As 
 no visitors are allowed here, we are not so subjected to the 
 idle and offensive curiosity of spectators as was the case at 
 Richmond, where crowds were permitted to assemble in 
 front of our prison all day to stare at us whenever we went 
 to catch a breath of air at the windows; where the more 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 65 
 
 favored individuals obtained passes to enter, and in many 
 cases took occasion to ask all kinds of questions. Indeed, 
 the people of Charleston presented a striking contrast in 
 gentlemanly behavior toward us on our arrival and depar 
 ture. Although large crowds were present on both occas 
 ions, not a single offensive word was heard or an unseemly 
 act committed. 
 
 " We are all in great need of clothing here and in many 
 cases without a single cent to procure any of the different 
 things absolutely necessary. I received some funds from a 
 relative in Richmond, which "have been expended, and 
 Lieutenant Connolly and myself are among the bankrupts 
 for some days past. I am well satisfied that there are some 
 in Charleston who would divide their last dollar with me, 
 but I cannot accept it, as there appears to be no possible 
 way of repaying it. Indeed, some gentlemen were so kind 
 as to make inquiry if I needed anything, to, which I replied 
 in the negative; and while at Richmond I received com 
 munication from a gentleman in Montgomery, Alabama, 
 who is said to be one of the wealthiest gentlemen in that 
 city, stating that he was most desirous of supplying me 
 with any thing I required. 
 
 " l \ am quite satisfied to remain here as long as it may 
 be considered necessary to serve the purposes of my Gov 
 ernment or our people; but I am exceedingly anxous that 
 the rank and file of the different regiments should be seen 
 to as soon as possible. The poor fellows are most ear 
 nestly devoted to the best interests of their country, and 
 are suffering much from want of proper clothing and 
 change of undergarments. Many are without shoes, coats, 
 or bed covering, which is a cheerless prospect with the 
 9 
 
66 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 near approach of cold weather; and, above all things, their 
 poor families, in many cases, must certainly suffer from 
 want of the assistance they could render if at liberty, and 
 many are of the three months volunteers, who made no 
 provision for absence beyond that time." 
 
 COLONEL MILTON COGSWELL. 
 
 Colonel Milton Cogswell was born in Noblesville, Hamil 
 ton County, Indiana. He graduated at West Point in 1849 
 and was appointed a Second Lieutenant in the Fourth Regi 
 ment Infantry, United States Army; but he soon attained 
 the command of Company A, Eighth Regiment Infantry. 
 He had considerable military experience in Texas and Mex 
 ico. He was leading the famous Tammany Regiment at 
 Ball s Bluff as its Colonel, when that gallant and patriotic 
 soldier Col. Baker fell. Col. Cogswell assumed command, 
 and while leading the forces was taken prisoner by Confed 
 erate troops. He was taken to Richmond, Virginia, and 
 confined in Liggon s Tobacco Factory. On the 9th of No 
 vember he was drawn to stand as hostage for the con 
 demned pirate held by the United States Government at 
 Philadelphia. 
 
 COLONEL ALFRED M. WOOD. 
 
 Col. Alfred M. Wood was born in Hempstead, Long 
 Island, April 19111, 1828. In the seventeenth year of his 
 age he turned his attention to mercantile pursuits, and, on 
 relinquishing them in 1853, was elected by the Democratic 
 party tax collector of the city of Brooklyn, New York. 
 That office he continued to hold by reelection until 1861, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 67 
 
 when he was returned as an alderman in the City Council, 
 and became President of the Board. 
 
 His military experience commenced by his becoming a 
 member of the Brooklyn City Guards in 1850. He con 
 tinued an active member until 1852, when he was appointed 
 Paymaster on Brigadier-General H. B. Duryea s staff, with 
 the rank of Captain. In 1854 he was elected Major of the 
 Fourteenth Regiment, New York State Militia, which rank 
 he held until 1856, when he was elected Lieutenant Colonel. 
 In 1858 he was promoted to Colonel of the regiment. 
 Colonel Wood led his regiment at Bull Run, and was 
 wounded in the battle and taken prisoner. He was con 
 fined at Charlottesville until he recovered from the effect of 
 his wounds, when he was removed to Richmond, Virginia, 
 and confined in Rockett s Prison, No. i. November 9th, he, 
 like Colonels Lee, Cogswell, Corcoran, Wilcox and Wood 
 ruff, was drawn to stand as hostage for condemned pirates, 
 and confined in Henrico County Jail. In 1887 Colonel 
 Wood was United States Consul to a European power, 
 through an appointment under President Cleveland. 
 
 COLONEL O. B. WILCOX. 
 
 Colonel O. B. Wilcox was born in Detroit, Michigan, in 
 1826. He entered West Point in 1842, and graduated in 
 1846. He took an active part in the war with Mexico, as a 
 Lieutenant of Artillery, and remained in the United States 
 service until 1855, when he resigned, and entered upon the 
 practice of the law. While practising the legal profession 
 at Detroit, as the partner of his brother, E. M. Wilcox, 
 Esq,, he took a lively interest in reorganizing the militia of 
 Michigan. Immediately on the breaking out of the rebel- 
 
68 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 lion he offered his sword to the Governor of his State. He 
 was appointed at once to the command of the First Regi 
 ment raised in the State, and the only one formed for the 
 three months campaign, and on reporting himself at 
 Washington, with his followers, found that his regiment 
 was the first brought to that city from the West. He was 
 early assigned to the duty of commanding the force which 
 took possession of the sacred soil of Virginia, near Wash 
 ington. He was in command at Alexandria until the battle 
 of Bull Run, where he was wounded and taken prisoner. 
 He was taken to Richmond and confined in Rockett s 
 Prison, No. i. where he enjoyed the freedom of the hospital 
 and prison. October 9th, he, like Colonel Lee, was held 
 as hostage and confined in the County Jail, but was later 
 sent to Charleston, South Carolina. 
 
PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION OF A PAGE OF THE ORIGINAL RECORD 
 KEPT BY THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT 
 
PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION OF A PAGE OF THE ORIGINAL RECORD 
 KEPT BY THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT 
 

 PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION OF A PAGE OF THE ORIGINAL RECORD 
 KEPT BY THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT 
 
 10 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 75 
 
 SKETCHES. 
 
 HOW CONGRESSMAN ELY HAPPENED TO BE THERE. 
 
 NOT a few among the captives taken by the opposing 
 armies during the War of the Rebellion were civilians 
 men of more or less distinction in civil life, representatives 
 of the people and leading public interests. Nor were these 
 hostages of inferior importance to the armed adversaries 
 taken in the stress of war, and held in duress to dimimish 
 and cripple the resources of the enemy. For purposes of 
 exchange the non-combatant prisoner was of first-rate 
 importance, and the higher his rank in public life the better. 
 Among those whose misfortune it was to fall into the hands 
 of the Confederates at the earliest stage of the war was the 
 Hon. Alfred Ely, representing the 28th New York District 
 in the Thirty-sixth Congress. It was not altogether a mis 
 fortune of war, however, this snatching from his place in 
 the public counsels a prominent representative and his 
 incarceration with fellow captives in the gloomy confines of 
 a tobacco warehouse. By this rugged experience, Mr. Ely 
 learned "the true inwardness" of the rebellion, the "secrets 
 of the prison house" in which so many brave men suffered 
 unspeakable hardships; and he was enabled by this per- 
 
76 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 sonal knowledge, derived from harsh experience, to bring 
 about, on his return to official duties, some ameliorations 
 of the hard conditions under which many of his fellow 
 sufferers barely survived, while some never overcame the 
 enfeebling influences of their ill-treatment. 
 
 The circumstances attending the capture of Mr. Ely were 
 peculiar and not fully understood, sometimes much misrep 
 resented. As derived from that gentleman s personal nar 
 rative they are of thrilling interest. 
 
 Mr. Ely was in Washington attending the extraordinary 
 session of Congress called by President Lincoln after the 
 attack of the Southern forces upon Fort Sumpter. It was, 
 of course, a time of great excitement throughout the coun 
 try ; but the Northern people had not at that period become 
 fully convinced respecting the really serious nature of the 
 uprising of the South against the Republic. The first levy 
 of volunteers was encamped near Washington, as the cap 
 ture of the federal capital was the first objective of the 
 rebel leaders. Toward that point the enthused Southern 
 Army was rapidly moving. To meet and push back these 
 menacing forces, Gen. Irwin McDowell was directed to 
 move the main body of federal troops toward Manassas and 
 Richmond. It was known that Gen Beauregard, com 
 manding the rebels under the immediate oversight of Gen. 
 Jefferson Davis, President of the Confederate States, would 
 risk a battle at or near Manassas, his headquarters in the 
 field. President Lincoln, Gen. Scott, and all leading men 
 in civil and military life were awakened to the existing 
 alarming emergency. A battle which might and indeed 
 did come very near deciding the fate of the Federal City, 
 the Seat of Government, was calculated to arouse anxiety 
 
HON. ALFRED ELY, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 77 
 
 and fears among its public functionaries and inhabitants, 
 many of the latter being in full sympathy with the rebels. 
 Included in the Army of McDowell was the Thirteenth 
 New York Volunteers, one of the first regiments to reach 
 the center of active operations. This regiment had acquired 
 repute by forcing a comparatively tranquil passage through 
 insurgent Baltimore, marching company front, under com 
 mand of that intrepid and accomplished officer, Col. Isaac 
 S. Quinby, who had won laurels in Mexico, with Gen. 
 Grant, and earned distinction and promotion later as one of 
 that great leader s military family during the war of which 
 we write. Mr. Ely had been informed that some members 
 of the Thirteenth Regiment, his own constituents, had been 
 severely wounded in some skirmishing encounters during 
 its march Northward, and was requested to afford succor 
 to the sufferers. While considering how he might best 
 serve these wounded men, he encountered U. S. Senator 
 Foster of Connecticut, who had received similar requests 
 from members of a regiment from his State. It was agreed, 
 after some consultation, that these two Congressmen should 
 proceed as far toward the front of the Federal Army as they 
 could get permission to go. Mr. Ely provided the carriage 
 and procured passports from Gen. Scott, and at daylight on 
 Sunday morning, July 2ist, 1861, they began the journey 
 of twenty-eight miles to Centerville. It was a sultry day, 
 the road, traversed by army wagons and marching troops, 
 was deep with the finest dust, which partially obscured the 
 landscape and burdened the travellers. Arrived at Center 
 ville, they found no signs or sounds of battle, though the 
 conflict was on, near the little stream called Bull Run. 
 Senator Foster proposed to visit the headquarters of Gen. 
 
78 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Miles, in command of a strong reserve corps, on the War- 
 renton road, and upon reaching that point, found the Gen 
 eral at his post, in a small dwelling house, but in no condi 
 tion to assume the offensive, were he called upon to lead 
 his brave and willing men into battle. He was aroused, 
 however, and gave such details of the situation as he could 
 give to his distinguished friends. Leaving this point, Mr. 
 Ely became separated from the Senator, as they had differ 
 ent objects in view. While Mr. Ely was at the tents of the 
 Commissary of the Thirteenth Regiment, (Seth Green, the 
 eminent fish-culturist), he persuaded an assistant in that 
 department to go out with him toward Bull Run stream, 
 and see what was the situation in front, if possible. This 
 assistant accompanied Mr. Ely but a short distance, when 
 he was overcome by the heat and dust, and returned to his 
 camping place. Mr. Ely pursued his way until he came to 
 a clump of large trees, near the stream, and was then 
 startled and alarmed by the descent into the road near by 
 of a large cannon ball, which plowed the earth in danger 
 ous proximity to his person. This was followed by 
 another similar missile, which crashed through the branches 
 of a huge tree, under which he stood, scattering the broken 
 limbs all around. Before he had recovered from this first 
 "shock of war" he observed a body of men rushing pell- 
 mell from the grove, led by a fierce looking officer on horse 
 back, who proved to be the redoubtable Col. Cash of South 
 Carolina. A halt was commanded, and two men from this 
 small force approached Mr. Ely and demanded to know 
 who he was, and why there. Replying that he was a 
 Member of Congress, Alfred Ely by name, he was promptly 
 informed that he was a prisoner of war to the Confederate 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 79 
 
 Army, ;md conducted to Col. Cash, who was still sitting 
 on his horse amid his battle-excited men. Col. Cash, never 
 very cool-headed, was evidently much perturbed by the 
 events of the day, now approaching its close, and when 
 informed who was his captive, his furious zeal was freshly 
 aroused, and drawing an ancient horse pistol from the 
 holster, aimed the ugly weapon at Mr. Ely s head, threat 
 ening, with many a coarse and profane expletive, to blow 
 his brains out then and there. To this proceeding the 
 Major of the Regiment at once and effectively objected, 
 and saved Mr. Ely s life from sudden extinction. This 
 cooler officer apologized for his rash Colonel s conduct on 
 the ground that he had been drinking as well as marching 
 and fighting during that hot day. Mr. Ely was inducted at 
 once into the ranks of war prisoners, many of whom were 
 then held in the rear by this and other rebel regiments; and 
 immediately became acquainted with the extreme rigors of 
 such a condition. He had left his coat in the carriage when 
 alighting and was clad in thin garments, with a linen duster 
 over all. The night air was still hot enough, the road was 
 pulverized to several inches depth, he was already wearied 
 by the long journey and tramping, and he was forced to 
 march under guard to some point he knew not whither; 
 thirsty, hungry, foot-sore, choked with dust, no water to 
 be had until a brook was reached on the way, the water of 
 which had been stirred. to muddiness by those who had 
 preceded this party. The refreshment afforded by a 
 draught of this mud-thickened liquid can only be known 
 to those who reach a desert oasis after a weary march 
 under the hot sun. Soon after the rain began to fall, the 
 roadway became clinging mud, garments drenched and 
 
80 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 bedraggled, spirits more and more depressed. It was too 
 dark to discover the prospective, even to know who were 
 fellow travelers along this dismal route to unknown evil 
 fortune. Toward midnight a twinkle of light shone through 
 a distant grove; this was indicative of a place of rest, at 
 least. The place was the temporary headquarters of Gen. 
 Beaureguard, a verandahed cottage surrounded with trees. 
 On the ground lay tired, may be wounded men, suffering 
 the rain to fall on them, unconscious of events or incidents 
 in the waking world. The verandah was dimly lighted 
 from the lamps within the house, and crowded with offi 
 cers and civilians. On approaching, Mr. Ely s name was 
 called and he went forward to the verandah, where a col 
 loquy in an undertone went on between his conductors and 
 some official. There was much talking among the men 
 present, and Mr. Ely recognized the voice of a fellow Con 
 gressman, whose name he spoke, and recalled former ac 
 quaintance. The Ex-Member admitted that he knew Mr. 
 Ely, but refused to have anything to do or say with a man 
 who was captured in the act of affording aid and comfort 
 to the enemies of the South fighting in defense of its liber 
 ties. Mr. Ely was soon after conducted to a large barn on 
 the premises of his first place of confinement. The floor 
 of this barn was crowded with prostrate men, who slept 
 profoundly after the strong excitement of the day. Finding 
 a place to lie, in a remote corner,. Mr. Ely dropped wearily 
 to the bare boards and was soon beyond all knowledge of 
 sublunary affairs. Awaking in the morning, to behold the 
 high open lofts above him, the cobwebbed rafters, the open 
 spaces on all sides, the still sleeping men, some in officer s 
 uniform, he was at a loss to understand how he came there, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 8 1 
 
 and what had happened to place him in such a position. 
 Such are the hypnotising effects of extreme weariness and 
 weakness of the flesh. About noon of the fateful Monday, 
 the prisoners were summoned to embark upon a train of 
 platform, emigrant and freight cars, to proceed to Rich 
 mond. En route to the Confederate Capital these unfortu 
 nates were greeted with the most malevolent jeers, curses, 
 and execrations that the vocabulary of hate can furnish to 
 enraged men and women, the latter being as voluble and 
 hearty in their denunciations as the lustier males. The 
 Commandant of the train defied an incipient mob at Gor- 
 donville to injure the hair of one head under his protection, 
 at the peril of life to the one who should offer other than 
 verbal insult and injury, and thereby the hotheads were 
 kept within safe bounds. Richmond was reached at mid 
 night, a cloudless, moonlit night, over a sleeping city, full 
 of the unspent rage of insurrection and war. Marching in 
 two ranks, the prison-houses abandoned tobacco houses 
 were reached safely, and this crowd of captives of the 
 battlefield was housed, to sleep on bare floors, to endure 
 extreme hardships for a season, some to die under these in 
 flictions none to flinch or succumb to any inducement. 
 Mr. Ely remained there five months, and until exchanged 
 for Hon. Charles J. Faulkner, United States Minister to the 
 Court of France, held by the United States Government at 
 Fort Warren in Boston harbor, as a prisoner guilty of trea 
 son, in conspiracy to destroy the Government and afford 
 ing aid and comfort to its enemies. What occurred in this 
 prison den," what treatment he received, and what hard 
 ships he endured under the regime of the Confederate 
 wardens is fully detailed in "Ely s Journal in Richmond," 
 ii 
 
82 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 kept by him during the succeeding months of incarcera 
 tion, from which extracts are made for this publication. 
 
 It should not be forgotten by his countrymen that Mr. 
 Ely, whose circumstances fortunately permitted him to do 
 so, expended many hundred dollars from his own private 
 means during his imprisonment to relieve the distressed 
 and destitute condition of our imprisoned officers and sol 
 diers in the various Richmond prisons, for which he has 
 received on many different occasions, the gratitude of the 
 Government and the thanks of the battle-scarred soldiers 
 who survived the rigors and hardships of cruel imprison 
 ment. 
 
 EXPERIENCE OE ISAAC N. JENNINGS, FIRST CONNECTICUT VOLUN 
 TEERS, AS A PRISONER OE WAR. 
 
 I CAN mention no bright spot in Richmond Prison life, as 
 I know of none, except the enjoyment derived from social 
 communion with ourselves. 
 
 The incident of the lady giving me the apples happened 
 in Atlanta, Georgia, when we were being transferred from 
 New Orleans to Salisbury, South Carolina, and, as I have 
 said, "O, such a lady, and O, such apples." They were 
 the only fruit that I had received while a prisoner of war, 
 and, compared with raw potatoes, which were given us 
 for the scurvy, you may imagine how I relished them. I 
 have eaten apples before and since that time, but the apples 
 of Atlanta were the best. 
 
 I will copy here a few lines from a letter written in the 
 prison to my parents, dated August 27, 1861 : "This letter 
 will, I think, hardly be intelligible, as it requires from one 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS &) 
 
 to four strokes of the pen to form a letter, and as many 
 strokes of thought to form an idea, and then it is not a clear 
 one. I write in a room containing 1 50 or more men, and 
 directly under another containing the same number, and 
 each one seems to be striving to outdo his neighbor in 
 making all sorts of noises. I should consider solitary con 
 finement a privilege." 
 
 A curious case of family unpleasantness was that the 
 brother-in-law of President Lincoln was in charge of us. 
 I never saw any one more bitter in his hatred of "Yanks." 
 He seemed bound to make his reputation, which, as he said, 
 "might be injured by his relationship to Old Abe," by 
 abusing the prisoners. 
 
 As there were representatives from every State in the 
 Union, we had many arguments upon the subject of 
 "Uncle Sam" allowing his soldiers to be abused, starved 
 and shot, when he might have liberated us by the usual 
 exchange of prisoners. 
 
 Ten months later we were transferred to New Orleans, 
 and from there to Salisbury, South Carolina. No one who 
 was with us will ever forget the hurrahs that went up when 
 we came in sight of the "Stars and Stripes," though they 
 came from throats weakened by confinement and sickness. 
 There could not be.found then, 
 
 " The man with soul so dead, 
 Who to himself hath never said, 
 This is my own, my native land," 
 
 unless it was some one of our rebel escort, and it would be 
 strange if some of them were not converted by the scenes 
 of that day. 
 
84 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 I will not go into details in regard to my prison experi 
 ence, for mine was that of nearly all the rest and is ably 
 given by others in the present volume. 
 
 Danbury, Connecticut, April, 1890. 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION FROM THE FLY LEAF OF THE ORIGINAL 
 RECORD KEPT BY THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 85 
 
 PERSONAL REMINISCENCES 
 
 OF MAJOR J. T. W. HAIRSTON, 
 
 COMMANDING CONFEDERATE STATES PRISONS, l86l-lS62, RICHMOND, 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 WHEN I was ordered to take charge of the Richmond 
 Prisons by Adjutant General Cooper of the Confederate 
 States Army in the Autumn of 1861, I was recovering 
 from a severe attack of typhoid fever, by which I was dis 
 abled from active duty in the field. I was at first made 
 second in command to one Captain Gibbs, who was in a 
 few days promoted to a Colonelcy, which left me in charge 
 of about three thousand five hundred Federal prisoners of 
 war in Richmond, among whom were Congressman Al 
 fred Ely of New York, Colonel A. M. Wood, brother of 
 Ex-Mayor Fernando Wood of New York City, Colonel 
 Milton Cogswell, and many others scarcely less distin 
 guished. 
 
 I found the prescribed duties of a prisonkeeper anything 
 but congenial to a liberal and enlightened mind, but I did 
 the best I could with the wholly inadequate means at my 
 disposal for rendering them comfortable. 
 
86 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Those of the prisoners who had money, and many of the 
 officers and not a few of the privates were quite well sup 
 plied, were allowed to send out to the stores in the city and 
 buy what they wished. There was, of course, a deplor 
 able lack of creature comforts, or even necessaries. As the 
 Confederate Government furnished no soap, 1 was com 
 pelled to have some made out of the beef bones, scraps, 
 etc., left by the prisoners. 1 found the prison swarming 
 with vermin when I first took charge of it, but by the 
 strenuous application of soap, water and sand, it was made 
 somewhat habitable. Every day a considerable number of 
 the men were detailed to scour the rooms, and especially 
 a large room used as a hospital, until the newspapers 
 of Richmond and the South complained loudly that the 
 Yankee prisoners in our hospitals were better attended to 
 than our own sick and wounded men, in the then ill-sup 
 plied hospitals of the Confederate Government. This, bear 
 in mind, was in 1861 and 1862. 
 
 My Orderly Sergeant at this time was the afterwards no 
 torious Dr. Wirtz, who was executed by the United States 
 Government for alleged cruelty to prisoners at Anderson- 
 ville. While he was with me he seemed to be a very kind 
 and efficient officer, but a very strict disciplinarian, as was 
 natural in one who had been trained for nine years in the 
 armies of FAirope. 
 
 As to my own regimen, I endeavored to make it as mild 
 as possible under the circumstances, for a young man not 
 yet quite twenty-seven years of age. I circulated among 
 the prisoners at all hours of the day and night, unarmed 
 and without a guard. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 87 
 
 As I have said, the duties of a prisonkeeper are never 
 pleasant to a man of humane inclinations, and mine were 
 rendered intensely disagreeable when the retaliatory policy 
 of our government compelled me to put in irons fourteen 
 of the highest ranking officers, and confine them in a dun 
 geon. This, however, lasted only a few days, at the expi 
 ration of which the Confederate States Government thought 
 better of their manhood. 
 
 The unfortunate prisoners were not without their good 
 friends in the city, prominent among whom was a Miss 
 Van Lew, a lady of wealth and culture, who expended her 
 entire fortune in ameliorating the hard lot of the prisoners, 
 for which the only compensation she ever received was to 
 be made postmistress of Richmond for a few years. 
 
 My favorite body-servant, "Simon," who is with me yet, 
 was my constant attendant at the Richmond Prisons. 
 Early one morning I was aroused by the loud shouts of the 
 aforesaid Simon, who came running toward my lodgings, 
 exclaiming at the top of his strong voice: " The Yankees is 
 r/^f the Yankees is r/{/ My room was about two hun 
 dred and fifty yards from the prison. With my night gar 
 ments streaming in the wind behind me, I immediately re 
 paired to the quarters, where 1 found my prison guard to 
 tally disarmed, and some of the prisoners standing guard 
 over them. The situation was novel and at first somewhat 
 embarrassing to me; but presently, for the good of all 
 parties, the insurgents were persuaded to listen to reason, 
 and returned to their proper places. 
 
 The guard was relieved every morning at nine o clock, a 
 new regiment being furnished every day at that hour. 
 
88 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 This regiment was always composed of new recruits, who 
 were sent thither mainly to learn the duties of a soldier. 
 These new recruits were generally so awkward and ineffi 
 cient that I hazard little in saying there was seldom a day 
 while I was in charge of the rebel prison, when the whole 
 crowd of Federal prisoners save those who were sick 
 abed in the hospital might not have marched out and 
 away with impunity. But as it happened while I was in 
 charge not an escape was made, nor a prisoner shot, nor 
 an alleged spy executed; though if any straggled over a 
 certain prescribed line, they were promptly and severely 
 punished. 
 
 When I first took charge of the prisoners, many seemed 
 to cross this line through pure wantonness, just to draw 
 the fire of the sentinels. By prohibiting the sentinels from 
 firing on prisoners, and by punishing the latter for violating 
 the rules of the prison, the necessity of firing at all soon 
 ceased. 
 
 When it became evident that if 1 remained any longer in 
 charge it would become my disagreeable duty to partici 
 pate in the execution of a convicted spy whose name I 
 have now forgotten I begged to be assigned to active 
 duty in the field, and was soon after promoted to Assistant 
 Adjutant-General with the rank of Major, on the staff of 
 General J. E. B. Stuart, with whom I remained, on and off, 
 until his lamented death. 
 
 When I left the prison, in the spring of 1862, 1 was de 
 tailed to conduct a large number of prisoners to Tuscaloosa, 
 Alabama. This wound up my experience as a custodian 
 of Federal prisoners of war, which lasted from October, 
 
 \ 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 89 
 
 1861, to March, 1862, when 1 was glad to find my health 
 sufficiently restored to admit of my entering upon active 
 service in the field. 
 
 Hairston Plantation, 
 Crawford, Launsders Co., Mississippi. 
 
 LETTER 
 
 FROM B. B. VASSALL, LATE SECOND LIEUTENANT, COMPANY E, I5TH 
 MASSACHUSETTS REGIMENT. 
 
 Mr. William H. Jeffrey: 
 
 MY DEAR SIR : In reply, would say that you have a valuable, inter 
 esting and authentic record of Liggon & Co. s Tobacco Warehouse 
 Prison, known as " Rockett s No. i." It is a gross historical inaccu 
 racy to call this " Libby Prison," and ought not to be perpetuated, as 
 at this time (1861-62 ) no such prison was in existence. I was not a 
 prisoner in "Libby" for this reason. It has become a common error 
 in speaking of prisoners of war, who were confined in Richmond at 
 that time, to say that they were in " Libby Prison," but such was not 
 the case. The Union prisoners of war, captured at the first battle of 
 Bull Run, Ball s Bluff, and scattering raids during the summer and 
 fall of 1861, were confined in the tobacco warehouse of Liggon & Co., 
 which was located on the bank of the James river, corner of Main 
 and 25th streets. Your book is a record of this prison. It is the 
 original and is correct. 
 
 During the fall and winter, 1861-62, some of the prisoners were 
 transferred to Salisbury, New Orleans, and Tuscaloosa. On February 
 igth, 1862, about three hundred and fifty officers, non-commissioned 
 officers and privates were exchanged. This about the same 
 number in prison, and on February 2ist these were sent to Newport 
 and delivered to the United States Government, on parole. When we 
 left Richmond on that date there were left no prisoners of war in 
 Richmond except three who were unable to be moved. This ended 
 "Rockett s" or " Liggon s Prison." In the summer of 1862, the 
 Libby property was taken and the famous or infamous "Libby 
 Prison " came into existence. 
 13 
 
90 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 My signature in the old record is correct, as I remember having 
 signed such a record, which was then in the hands of Lieutenant J. T. 
 W. Hairston, at that time in charge of the prisons. He succeeded 
 one Captain Gibbs. lie ( Hairston) was a gentleman, and treated all 
 the officers in confinement as gentlemen. I never heard him say an 
 unkind word to any officer, or knew him to commit an ungentlemanly 
 act. The officers were confined on the lower floor, the two upper 
 floors were used for the non-commissioned officers and privates. So 
 far as treatment was concerned in the prison, the officers certainly had 
 no cause to complain, especially in comparison with the subsequent 
 treatment of prisoners. 
 
 We were allowed our separate mess tables, and a private was detailed 
 to cook for each mess. The fifteenth mess consisted of seven com 
 missioned officers captured at Ball s Bluff, viz : Captain George W. 
 Rockwood of Company A, now living at Marlboro, Massachusetts ; 
 Captain Symonds of Company B, afterwards killed; Captain Henry 
 Bowman of Company C, now in Colorado; Captain J. M. Studley of 
 Company D, afterwards Lieutenant-Colonel of Fifty-First Regiment, 
 now in Providence, Rhode Island; Lieutenant J. Evarts Greene of 
 Company F, now editor of the Worcester (Massachusetts) Spy; 
 Lieutenant F. Harris Hooper of Boston, since dead, and myself. 
 
 Our regiment was paid off a few days before the battle, and we all 
 had money, as did many of the non-commissioned officers and 
 privates. It was not taken from us. We were furnished with fair 
 rations by the enemy, and were allowed to purchase such supplies as 
 we desired, when we didn t whistle "Yankee Doodle" or sing the 
 "Star Spangled Banner." Then our out-door supplies were shut off 
 for a few days. Of course, we w,ere not happy and suffered a great 
 deal. But the most unpleasant sight I ever saw in the officers 
 quarters, was that of two hundred officers sitting in their cots picking 
 off lice; but even this looks comical when seen through the mist of 
 a quarter of a century. This gave us our prison motto, "Bite and 
 be damned." 
 
 Do not call your book a record of Libby Prison, it is not just to 
 history, it is not just to the starved and murdered heroes who suffered 
 and died there. The treatment which we received there, as compared 
 to subsequent horrors of Libby, Belle Isle and Andersonville, bears 
 about the same relation to them as purgatory does to hell, in the once 
 popular theology. 
 
 One word concerning our prison song. It was sung almost every 
 evening and every time some new verse was added, until it exceeded 
 in length "John Brown s Body." The first added verse came in after 
 the one referring to Congressman Ely, and reads ; 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 9! 
 
 Chaplain Mine s turn will be next, 
 And when he gets home tfe ll preach from the text, 
 Roll on ; etc. Roll on. 
 
 Yours very truly, 
 
 B. B. VASSALL. 
 WEBSTER, MASSACHUSETTS, 1890. 
 
92 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 THE TORIES OF 1861. 
 
 SIDE by side with the many noble names written all over 
 the history of the Revolutionary struggle stands also the 
 unenviable record of those who forfeited manhood and 
 sacrificed country for wealth or notoriety. What schoolboy, 
 as his heart thrills with pride at the daring deeds of Marion 
 and Sumpter, does not look with scorn and contempt upon 
 the list of recreants who were base enough to betray the 
 high trust put upon them. Who, as he drops a tear upon 
 the grave of Warren, does not feel his cheek tingle with 
 shame at the name of Arnold ? In this second contest, 
 equaling if not surpassing that of the Revolution in the 
 principles involved, what will be the record of those who 
 sympathized with and even aided the enemies of free insti 
 tutions and civil liberties? If history writes the names of 
 the tories of 76 with contempt, what will she say of those 
 who, without even the hope of reward or position, could 
 betray a nation whose success or failure determined forever 
 the fate of republican institutions. If the lives of the for 
 mer are covered with infamy, what shall be the record of 
 those who in the darkest hour of their country s need, 
 proved traitors to their trust and manhood! In those days 
 of suffering and darkness, without pay, food or clothing, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 93 
 
 some left their country s cause and joined her enemies, but 
 they were few; but what shall be the excuse of those who, 
 because suffering from a prolonged imprisonment, freely 
 offered to enlist under the rebel banner and fight to destroy 
 a nation, but for the benefit of whose free schools and free 
 institutions, would have died in ignorance, misery, and 
 perhaps crime! 
 
 We have heard the remark from some, that they would 
 not, again, fight for a government that would not protect 
 the soldiers from imprisonment. To them we say, you 
 never enlisted to fight for a government alone, you fought 
 for a principle dearer than life to every manly heart. Go 
 join the traitor s crew! We would rather meet you as a 
 foe than stand with you under our flag which you would 
 disgrace ; rather, far rather would we see you boldly lift 
 your traitorous arm to strike down that flag than to play 
 the traitor. Some have acted the traitor s part and deserve 
 the traitor s doom. There are a few who assert that they 
 were forced to enlist. Shame upon him who declares this! 
 How dared you, when your arm was needed to defend 
 your land from ruin, wait one hour without offering it 
 freely and willingly ? God forbid any such should fall and 
 have their names recorded by the side of the heroes who 
 have died for the right. As on "Honor s Immortal Tab 
 lets" there will be a place for Johnson, Ellsworth, Scott, 
 and the many who have stood nobly for the right* brighter 
 and purer than the patriots of 76 so will the list of those 
 who are recreant now be infinitely blacker and more con 
 temptible than those who were Tories then. 
 
94 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 The following are those whom we find recorded as hav 
 ing deserted the cause for which they fought: 
 
 Lieutenant (?) Francis Milford Peacock. * 
 Second Lieutenant Charles Von Gilsa. f 
 Second Lieutenant Von Flaxenhouser. f 
 Private William Clark. 
 Private James Button. 
 Private James Hamilton. 
 Private James Riley. 
 Private Francis J. Tappy. 
 Private Henry Solger, TRAITOR. 
 
 * Lieutenant Peacock joined the Confederate Army and is reported as having 
 been killed in a drunken brawl. ( See W. A. Abbott s sketch. ) 
 
 f After deserting the cause of the country, Lieutenants Von Gilsa and Von Flax 
 enhouser joined the Confederate Army. 
 
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 PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION OF A PAGE OF THE ORIGINAL RECORD 
 KEPT BY THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 97 
 
 EXPERIENCE OF W. A. ABBOTT, 
 
 LATE ACTING ENSIGN UNITED STATES NAVY, 
 
 AS A PRISONER OF WAR. 
 
 As acting Master s Mate in charge of a prize taken by 
 gunboat South Carolina off Galveston, Texas, I was cap 
 tured with crew of five men off Cape Hatteras, August 9, 
 1 86 1, by Confederate privateer "York," and carried to 
 Norfolk, by way of Edonton, North Carolina, and placed 
 in cell of City Jail and told that I was, with my five men, 
 to be held in solitary confinement as a hostage for the pri- 
 vateersman Smith, condemned as a pirate by the United 
 States Court at Philadelphia. The feeling at that time was 
 very bitter towards the "Yankees," as all Union officers 
 and men were called, and but for the courage of the officers 
 of the "York," a mate, both at Edonton and Norfolk, 
 would have made short work with us. 
 
 I received fair treatment from the jail authorities, from the 
 fact that many of my old shipmates when a midshipman 
 in the Navy, from 1848 to 1853, who were residents or 
 stationed there, called to see me, personally enquired for 
 my comfort and furnished me with many articles and even 
 luxuries, and finally succeeded in having me removed to 
 13 
 
98 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 better quarters. I received favors at this time which 1 have 
 never forgotten. 
 
 In October following I was removed to Richmond, Vir 
 ginia, confined in Liggon s Tobacco Warehouse, corner of 
 Twenty-fifth and Main Streets, in the lower portion of the 
 city, in the district known as Rockett s. It was the first 
 building used as a prison for Union officers and enlisted 
 men, and known as prison No. i. It was a three story 
 brick building, 30x70, divided on the first floor midway by 
 a row of tobacco presses. The windows of the first and 
 second stories were barred with iron, and were to be used 
 as places of confinement for negroes in case of an insurrec 
 tion. Officers were confined on the first floor only. At 
 the time of my entrance there were confined there about 
 seventy-five officers and several hundred enlisted men, and 
 shortly after the number was greatly increased by the offi 
 cers captured at Ball s Bluff. Captain Gibbs was the first 
 commander until my release on parole, November 27th, 
 1 86 1. At that period of the war ample, but plain food 
 was provided for the officers, and those that had money 
 were allowed to purchase additional supplies from the 
 hucksters who daily came to the prison. The food fur 
 nished the enlisted men was not of the same quality as 
 that furnished the officers, and the quantity was smaller. 
 Many, many times I carried half of my own rations to the 
 poor fellows who crowded to the foot of the stairs leading 
 to the next floor, and who looked famished and pinched 
 with hunger. About twice a week we were mustered by 
 the "Dutch Sergeant," who was in immediate charge of 
 the officers, and if a prisoner was missing, as was often the 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 99 
 
 case, our privilege of purchasing papers was stopped for a 
 day or two. Smoking tobacco was furnished the officers 
 liberally, and occasionally a favored one was invited out for 
 an evening by some of the young lieutenants of the guard, 
 Lieutenants Booker, Emack, Bradford and Hairston. We 
 passed our time in various ways, playing games, reading, 
 smoking, etc. At 10 p. m., lights were put out and we 
 sought our bunks, or boards. A large wood tire was kept 
 burning night and day, but in November many suffered from 
 cold, particularly on the side nearest to the entrance, where 
 the doors were always kept open and a sentry on guard. 
 November loth, General Winder, attended by his staff, 
 entered the prison, and all the prisoners were collected 
 around him, when he read an order from the Confederate 
 Secretary of War, demanding a drawing by lots of four 
 teen of the officers of the highest rank, to be placed in 
 close confinement, the first for hostage for Smith, the others 
 to be confined in cells in retaliation for treatment of Con- 
 federate prisoners captured at sea. General Winder seemed 
 greatly affected, but was obeying the orders of his superior 
 officers. 
 
 The unfortunate officers were taken from the prison and 
 placed in close confinement. I may say here that this 
 severe treatment had its desired effect, for shortly after, 
 President Lincoln executed his order directing the convicted 
 Confederates to be considered only as prisoners of war, the 
 same as any others captured by the Union forces. Perhaps 
 these officers owed their lives to the kind heart of the mar 
 tyred President. Of course all the other hostages were 
 released, and I think paroled. The venerable Colonel Lee 
 
IOO RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 is yet living near the home of the writer. There were 
 many cruel acts perpetrated by the Confederate guards dur 
 ing my stay at Richmond. Several soldiers were shot 
 without any provocation whatever. I believe the military 
 authorities were innocent of any complicity in these acts. 
 One Sunday afternoon I narrowly escaped being shot 
 myself. Jefferson Davis was riding by ; the street in front of 
 the prison was crowded with people coming down to see 
 the Yankees. I was standing close by the window looking 
 out when one of the men threw something at the guard on 
 the sidewalk immediately opposite. The guard instantly 
 raised his musket, and, taking deliberate aim, fired at me, 
 supposing me to be the guilty person. Captain O Meara, 
 of the 42nd New York (known as the Tammany Regi 
 ment), was standing near, and, seeing the danger I was in, 
 threw me quickly and violently upon my back almost at 
 the instant the gun was discharged, and the bullet buried 
 itself in one of the beams above my head. I had the satis 
 faction, however, of seeing my Johnny Reb" marched up 
 and down the grounds in the rear of the prison amid the 
 jeers of his comrades. 
 
 The prison record, about which there is much contro 
 versy, I remember well. This book is in the possession of 
 Mr. Jeffrey and is the original book. Lieutenant Hairston 
 came into possession of it some time later than November 
 27th, 1 86 1. The names which appear are all known to me 
 as having been in Liggon s Prison (not " Libby") during 
 my imprisonment. Lieutenant Hairston, I think, got the 
 record into his possession after January, 1862, when he 
 succeeded Captain Goodwin in the command of Liggon s 
 Warehouse, 
 
[ From a pen and pencil sketch made in prison by \V. A. Abbott.] 
 
 LIGGON AND COMPANY S TOBACCO WAREHOUSE, RICHMOND, VIRGINIA, 
 l86l. THE FIRST BUILDING USED AS A PRISON FOR UNION- 
 OFFICERS AND SOLDIERS 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS IO) 
 
 Mr. Francois M. Peacock, who claimed to be a lieutenant 
 in the Navy, was a sergeant in the 9ist New York Zouaves 
 Regiment, and was a fraud and a beat of the first-class. 
 He was captured in Albermarle Sound, on board the 
 " Fanny," as one of a guard in charge of stores for the 2oth 
 Indiana Regiment, who were camped on the seaside of 
 the sound. After his capture he was taken to Norfolk and 
 placed in the same room with me. Peacock never was in 
 command of the "Fanny, "and Mr. Ely was deceived in 
 him, as were the rest of us. His patriotism can be judged 
 from the fact that he went over to the Rebels. He was a 
 rollicky, bull-headed sailor, spoke several languages, had 
 the gift of story-telling to perfection, and could invent more 
 lies in one evening and succeed in making his listeners 
 believe them than any other person I ever met. Peacock 
 was sent to Tuscaloosa with twenty-one officers and one 
 hundred and fifty men, November 22nd. He afterward 
 entered the Rebel army and ended his life at the hands of a 
 Confederate in a drunken brawl. 
 
 When paroled I had the freedom of Richmond for a day. 
 The city was overrun with officers, each after some favor 
 or job. After nightfall it was safer for a stranger to be in 
 doors. I had many adventures during the day, some of 
 which were very interesting, but space does not allow of 
 their being described in this article. 
 
 At dark the sentries were always increased, but on my 
 attempted return from Capitol Hill, where I had been to 
 sign parole and receive despatches for General Hager, at 
 Norfolk, I was watched and followed by several rough 
 looking parties and I felt obliged, for safety s sake, to go 
 back and ask for a guard. It was tendered me in the per- 
 
104 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 son of a lieutenant attached to headquarters, who accom 
 panied me to the prison. I bade good-bye to my compan 
 ions and to the commissary of the post, who kindly offered 
 me a cot for the night. At five the next morning I left by 
 rail for Norfolk, where, after reporting to General Hager 
 and delivering despatches, I was sent down to the middle 
 or neutral ground in a Confederate tug and transferred to a 
 Union vessel, where, with the old stars and stripes once 
 more waving over my head, I felt decidedly happy. I was 
 four months in Rebeldom. It was long enough. I 
 never knew the reason for my parole; I was finally ex 
 changed, December 27th, 1861, for Hillsby Cenas, of Ar 
 kansas, a late Union midshipman, imprisoned at Fort War 
 ren, Boston. 
 
 My impression is, that our treatment was according to 
 the whims of the officers guarding us, or the pressure of 
 public opinion. It might have been better, it could have 
 been worse. 
 
 JAMAICA PLAINS, MASS., May, 1890. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS IO5 
 
 MY FIRST WEEK OF CAPTIVITY. 
 
 WRITTEN BY A PRISONER OF WAR, FOR >k STARS AND STRIPES IN 
 
 REBELDOM." 
 
 THE battle of Cross Lanes, Western Virginia, occurred on 
 Monday, August 26th, 1861. The following Tuesday night 
 about eighty of the Seventh Ohio Regiment found them 
 selves in Floyd s camp, in a rail pen, surrounded by a line 
 of hostile bayonets. To attempt a description of our feel 
 ings would be useless. You, who have been through sim 
 ilar experiences, will understand them. We were in the 
 hands of our enemies separated from the regiment of 
 which we had been so proud, and which was now broken 
 and scattered to the winds. 
 
 We knew not how many of our messmates and com 
 rades in arms were dead, or wounded and perishing in the 
 woods. We knew that months of imprisonment were be 
 fore us, and that it must be many weeks before the dear 
 ones at home could know of our fate. Happily, what we 
 had undergone had so blunted and benumbed our feelings 
 that we were unable to realize the full extent of our calam 
 ity ; and we had so much to do and to bear in the present, 
 that we had no time for repining or speculating about the 
 14 
 
106 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 future. We were to go to Richmond, and had a march of 
 a hundred miles to reach the Virginia Central Railroad at 
 Jacksonville. 
 
 We set out Wednesday afternoon at three o clock. I re 
 member it perfectly because it was Commencement Day at 
 our college, and I was to have graduated that very day. 
 We came to Gauley river, went over by ferry and marched 
 up the hill on the other side, w r here we found a small body 
 of troops encamped. We were put into another rail pen 
 like the previous one in Floyd s Camp. There were not so 
 many hundred eyes to stare at us, but we had no blankets, 
 only a handful of straw to sleep on and nothing to protect 
 us from the incessant rain. We were soon wet to the skin 
 and passed a sleepless and miserable night. We secured 
 nothing to eat until midnight, Rations of flour and beef 
 were given us, but we had only three small "skillets" in 
 which to cook the supper for eighty men. We were told 
 that, by mistake, cooking utensils for the guards only had 
 been put in the wagons which came with us, but that the 
 guards would generously divide with us. 
 
 In the morning it was still raining. We had some raw 
 beef and dough partly heated for our breakfast. Our 
 elbows were drawn behind us and tied together with ropes 
 and we were ready to proceed. We traveled all day, 
 through mud and rain, without dinner or supper, till mid 
 night. We were put into a large barn for the night, where 
 we made ourselves comfortable in the hay. The next day 
 the sun shone, but the roads were very bad. The officers 
 who were with us, a captain and lieutenant, having given 
 their parole not to escape, were not obliged to wear ropes 
 nor to march in the ranks. They went forward early, to 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS IO7 
 
 reach our stopping place before night, to make a fire and 
 borrow some kettles in order that we might be able to cook 
 our supper earlier. Notwithstanding these precautions, it 
 was nearly midnight before we got anything to eat. Many 
 were so exhausted and sleepy that they did not wake at all 
 to partake of the delicate viands. This made all the more 
 for the rest. 
 
 The next day we passed through some fine country and 
 sometimes caught a view of some distant peak of the Alle- 
 ghanies. In the afternoon we passed through Lewisburg 
 the finest place we had seen since coming to western 
 Virginia. Here, as at other places, the people flocked out 
 to see us. A "Yankee" seemed to be as much of an 
 object of curiosity to them as a live hippopotamus would 
 have been. They stared at us civilly for the most part, 
 only the small boys shouted "Yankee," and "Yankee 
 Doodle." A large company followed us out of town as far 
 as the first mile board. The Virginians commonly called 
 us "Yanks," usually with "damned" prefixed. Some 
 times when the fame of our regiment had gone before us, 
 we were saluted as "the Ohio pets." The next morning, 
 September ist, we passed through the famous watering- 
 place, White Sulphur Springs. A Georgia regiment was 
 stationed here and the soldiers followed us from the time 
 we entered the grounds till we got out of town, hallooing 
 and shouting, and offering various prices for a Yankee 
 scalp. These gentlemen prevented us from enjoying the 
 sights of this picturesque little place as much as we might 
 otherwise have done. One of the guard brought me a 
 drink of water. The place seemed nearly deserted of all 
 inhabitants, except soldiers. About noon we crossed the 
 
108 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 highest edge of the Alleghanies over which the turnpike 
 passes. We saw some very fine scenery. From some of 
 these peaks the view of the hills opposite was truly grand. 
 At certain points we could catch glimpses of hills stretch 
 ing fifty miles away, and bounded by hills whose blue tops 
 met and mingled with the clouds. Then there were views 
 of cultivated hillsides, and far-reaching valleys, farm, wood 
 land, and stream, spread out like a map before and be 
 low us. These beauties of nature made me forget for the 
 time that I was a weary, footsore, and hungry prisoner of 
 war, with hemp-cord on my arms. 
 
 The next morning we got an early start, passed through 
 Covington, and arrived at Jacksonville Station, the end of 
 our journey, before two o clock in the afternoon. We had 
 marched over one hundred miles in four days and a half 
 and were glad to have it over. The rest of the way to 
 Richmond we rode on the cars. Quite a body of troops 
 were stationed at Jacksonville. The soldiers treated us 
 civilly, of course, but followed and stared at us, a thing 
 we had become pretty well used to by this time. While 
 we were waiting for the cars, and resting ourselves in the 
 shade of the depot, quite a crowd gathered round and be 
 gan talking to us. They asked civil questions, and occa 
 sionally attempted to joke us a little on our position as 
 prisoners. We replied to their jokes in as merry a strain as 
 we could under the circumstances. 
 
 One little old man in the crowd piped out what he con 
 sidered a home thrust : " I reckon you un s want to see your 
 mammies about this time." One of our boys replied, 
 "Well, that may be, but the most of us have been 
 \veaned." Here an officer, Major of a Georgia regiment, 
 
MISS VAN LEW 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 109 
 
 who had been a spectator some time, stepped up with 
 thumbs in the arm holes of his waistcoat, and with a genu 
 ine slave-driving flourish and manner, addressed himself to 
 the last speaker, "You re a prisoner and a Yankee; I 
 want you to understand that. We ve had enough of your 
 damned insolence. Shut up and behave as a prisoner 
 should, or I ll rope you. I have the authority, and I ll do 
 it." Roping is a Southern synonym for hanging. I ven 
 tured not very meekly to inquire, " How a prisoner ought 
 to behave." I was assured if he had to teach me, it 
 would not be at all to my liking. He continued his bluster 
 for some minutes, after which he went away to quarrel 
 with our Captain whom he declared had violated his parole. 
 The Captain, however, explained matters to his satisfac 
 tion. I trust this fellow s insolence grew out of his having 
 taken too much brandy. Our guards who treated us with 
 uniform kindness, made this apology for him. 
 
 We soon took the cars, and after a run of seventy miles 
 were quartered for the night in comfortable barracks, and 
 provided with better food than we had tasted since our 
 captivity. The next day we passed through a variety of 
 interesting scenery, now among the hills and then in a 
 broad level country like the lake region of Ohio, only not 
 so well cultivated or productive. We reached Richmond 
 about sunset, and after waiting an hour and a half, sub 
 jected to the usual complimentary attention by the crowd, 
 were marched to our place of confinement, in " Atkinson s 
 Tobacco Factory. 
 
I IO RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 MY EXPERIENCE AS A PRISONER 
 OF WAR. 
 
 BY J. LANE FITTS, COMPANY B, 2ND NEW HAMPSHIRE VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 IN the evening of the fourth day after the battle of Manas- 
 sas, or the first Bull Run, we arrived in Richmond. We 
 were marched from the railroad station to one of the 
 tobacco houses in the lower part of the city, near the James 
 River and the Canal. On the way we met a battalion of 
 Confederate troops, who greeted us with the afterwards 
 well known rebel yell. Arrived at the prison we were 
 marched through the lower story, which was occupied 
 with tobacco presses, and put into the second and third 
 stories of the building. I had received one cracker from 
 the Confederates, but not a drop of water since the battle. 
 I had asked the guards for some water repeatedly, and 
 even asked General Beauregard for some at Manassas 
 Junction. All the water 1 had drank for four days was 
 some rainwater that I caught in my rubber blanket the 
 next day after the battle. The prisoners were in a perfect 
 frenzy from hunger and thirst. An attempt was made to 
 feed and give us water, but the moment a bucket of water 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 1 1 i 
 
 was brought into the room, such was the rush of men 
 crowding and fighting for it, that it was nearly all spilled 
 upon the floor. A tray of bacon shared the same fate; so 
 the attempt was given up, and we were locked up for the 
 night. A feeling of utter exhaustion and faintness was 
 the principal sensation with me, and I laid upon the floor, 
 except when the water and bacon were brought in, when 
 to lie upon the floor was to be trodden upon by frenzied 
 men. I found a small slice of bacon that had been tram 
 pled upon the floor and swallowed it without wiping or 
 chewing it. That night the building was fired into three 
 times, but fortunately no one was killed. The next day 
 some negroes surrounded with guards brought in some 
 trays of bacon and bread, and some soup; and one man at 
 a time was allowed to take a piece of bacon, a piece of 
 bread and about two-thirds of a gill of soup. We were 
 also furnished with water, which was obtained from a 
 spring not far away. 
 
 There were over fifty of us members of the 2nd New 
 Hampshire Volunteers, including the wounded, who were 
 put in another building near by. We were in charge of 
 the notorious Wirtz, known in prison at that time as the 
 Dutch Sergeant." The officer next above him was Lieu 
 tenant Todd, a brother of Abraham Lincoln s wife. Lieu 
 tenant Todd, when upon the street near our windows one 
 day, overheard some conversation that did not suit him. 
 He drew his sword and rushing upstairs, stabbed the first 
 man he came across, wounding him so that he had to be 
 
 removed to the hospital. Every d d Yankee, " he said, 
 
 "ought to be served the same way." A favorite expres- 
 
1 12 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 sion of his was, "1 would like to cut Old Abe s heart 
 out." 
 
 The floor of the rooms in which we were at first con 
 fined fortunately was not level, so that a foul stream of 
 mud and water from the sink settled on one side of the 
 room to the depth of one or two inches. One of our men 
 became insane and, tearing his clothing into shreds, spent 
 his time splashing in the mud. This mud covered about 
 one-third of the floor and it was with difficulty that we 
 crowded to one side at night so as to keep out of the mud. 
 
 This state of things continued about a week, when we 
 were removed to the Pemberton building on the other side 
 of the street where we had the luxury of a dry floor. 
 Some of us were sick with diarrhoea, and as only two 
 were allowed to go out, in charge of a guard, at a time, 
 the line of men waiting for a privilege was in the daytime 
 from twelve to twenty-five long. Money was very scarce 
 among us, but I have known twenty-five cents to be offered 
 and refused for a position in the line near the door. It 
 seemed to us that this was a wanton and unnecessary 
 cruelty. 
 
 After a few weeks in Pemberton, we removed to another 
 building further down the street and upon the south side 
 of it. It was in this building that William C. Beck was 
 shot and instantly killed while standing by a window. He 
 was from Concord, Staten Island, and a member of the 
 loth Company, 7ist New York Volunteers. I have no 
 doubt it was done by order of Wirtz, as he had threatened 
 to "order the guard to shoot every tarn Yankee who 
 looks out of the window." This firing into the crowd of 
 prisoners, often without any warning and without any 
 
HI 
 
 2 j> 
 
 H) n 
 Q 
 
 B 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS I I 5 
 
 known reason, was of frequent occurrence. All the build 
 ings in which I was confined were fired into repeatedly. 
 
 I will say in regard to our food, that the Confederacy 
 had not at this time fully entered upon its policy of system 
 atically disabling their prisoners by starvation and abuse; 
 but the scarcity of rations was such that we used all the 
 money we had when we were captured, and then sold to 
 the guards everything we could spare to buy bread. Still 
 there was very much suffering from hunger. At times 
 some of us could get enough by outwitting the commissary. 
 
 There was a great lack of system in our treatment and 
 its varying from day to day caused much sickness and 
 trouble. The successes of Bull Run and Ball s Bluff made 
 them arrogant and overbearing. Wirtz, or the " Dutch 
 Sergeant," at times showed a most brutal disposition. It 
 gives me pleasure to here acknowledge the kindness of 
 some guards from Florida in return, as they said, for kind 
 ness shown to some of their regiment who were captured 
 by the Federal forces. 
 
 We at first hoped and expected to be exchanged, but 
 week after week passed and months of alternate hope and 
 despair were passed, until the last hope of a speedy release 
 died out, when the order came for us to be sent to New 
 Orleans, where we were confined in the old Parish 
 Prison." 
 
 Candia, New Hampshire, April ist, 1890. 
 
Il6 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 THE ESCAPE OF COLONEL CHARLES 
 A. DEVILLIERS 
 
 From the "Blue Coats. 
 
 THE experience of Colonel Charles A. DeVilliers of the 
 Eleventh Ohio regiment, who was captured in 1861 and 
 conveyed to Richmond, and who afterward made his 
 escape, is thus detailed : 
 
 Arriving at Richmond, he was taken to a tobacco ware 
 house, where he found forty other prisoners. In the room 
 was neither table nor bed. He was kept without food., no 
 breakfast being given him the next morning after his 
 arrival, and when finally a little bread was brought it was 
 thrown upon the floor as to dogs ; and the quantity so 
 small that every man must make double quick in grabbing 
 it or he got none, and was compelled to beg from the 
 others. But there were rich officers who could buy some 
 thing to eat ; for if the rebels did not love the Northerner, 
 they loved his gold. The colonel was taken with brain 
 fever in prison and was removed to the hospital and there 
 he found that the kindness of the physicians so often spoken 
 of was from our own surgeons and not from those of the 
 Confederacy. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS I 17 
 
 Being a physician by profession, Colonel DeVilliers, when 
 sufficiently recovered, was asked to assist in the hospital, 
 which he consented to do. He was thus permitted to 
 enjoy more liberty than would otherwise have been 
 accorded him. By good fortune one day the commanding 
 generals gave the physicians liberty to go into the city 
 several times. They wore as a distinguishing mark a red 
 ribbon fixed in their buttonhole. When he encountered 
 the sentinel he was challenged and forbidden to pass, on 
 the ground that being a prisoner the order of the General 
 did not include him. Now, as they called him a " French 
 Yankee," he thought he would play them a Yankee trick. 
 So he wrote a note stating that he icas included. When 
 he returned to the hospital the rebel physician said he had 
 been prasticing deceit and must consequently go back 
 among the prisoners. He was again incarcerated and put 
 in irons. He soon made up his mind, however, to escape 
 or die in the attempt. He was asked by the rebels to take 
 an oath of allegiance, but said, ft l have taken an oath as a 
 naturalized citizen of the United States and I will never 
 take another to conflict with it." He had been tempted by 
 the offer of position, but he abhorred the enemies of the 
 Union and could never forget that he came to this country 
 for liberty s sake. He told Colonel Woodruff of his deter 
 mination to escape. Colonel Woodruff wished him well 
 and hoped he could succeed. He obtained the coat and hat 
 of a secession officer, and in that garb succeeded in passing 
 the guard. 
 
 Colonel DeVilliers, while Bridge-Inspector at camp Ueni- 
 son, Ohio, learned a lesson from the soldiers who wanted 
 to go to Cincinnati. They were in the habit of lying in 
 
Il8 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 the bushes to hear the countersign, and having obtained it 
 would pass the guard. Without the countersign he could 
 not pass beyond the gate, even in his full uniform. So he 
 lay for about two hours behind the guard house in the 
 night, until he learned the countersign. 
 
 The guard called at his approach, "Who comes there?" 
 "A friend with the countersign," he replied. He passed 
 the guard, the gate was opened and he was once more 
 free. 
 
 He made his way directly to Manassas Junction. About 
 six miles from Richmond he was encountered by a guard 
 and to his challenge replied, "A friend without the coun 
 tersign." He had the precaution to lay the double-barreled 
 shot gun which he contrived to get before he escaped from 
 Richmond down before he approached the guard. He had 
 besides this a revolver and bowie knife. Approaching, 
 they asked him where he was from and whither he was 
 going. He replied from Richmond to Petersburg ; they 
 then asked him why he did not take the cars and he said 
 he had missed the train. They then took him into custody 
 and marched, one on each side of him, upon a narrow 
 bridge crossing a stream near at hand. The situation was 
 desperate, but he was determined never to go back to 
 Richmond ; so when they were about in the middle of the 
 bridge he struck to the right and left, knocking one of the 
 guards on one side and the other on the other side over 
 into the water and giving them both a good swim. He 
 then made his way toward Petersburg, subsisting for three 
 days upon nothing but a few raw beans. Upon this tramp 
 for a distance of sixty-five miles, he carried a pine board 
 for crossing rivers upon his shoulders. During his travels 
 
[From a tintype.] 
 
 A CRICKET, THE COVERING OF WHICH WAS AN OLD CURTAIN OBTAINED 
 BY ONE OF THE PRISONERS, AND FROM WHICH A PAIR OF 
 TROUSERS WAS MADE. THE TROUSERS WERE WORN BY PRIVATE 
 ALBERT L. HALL, COMPANY I, SECOND REGIMENT NEW HAMP 
 SHIRE VOLUNTEERS. THE MATERIAL IS OF BRIGHT COLORS 
 AND MUST HAVE MADE A GAUDY UNIFORM. MR. HALL, UPON 
 HIS RELEASE, MADE THE PANTALOONS OVER INTO A BAG, IN 
 WHICH TO CARRY HIS POSSESSIONS HOME. MRS. HALL, DESIR 
 ING TO PRESERVE THIS INTERESTING RELIC, COVERED THIS 
 FOOTSTOOL WITH IT 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 121 
 
 he was shot at several times. When he arrived in the 
 neighborhood of Magruder s forces his hardest time began. 
 He tried to pass sentinels several times and at one time was 
 twice shot at in quick succession. He returned their lire, 
 but did not know whether he hit the two sentinels or not. 
 At any rate they never answered. The whole brigade, 
 however, was aroused and he took to the James river on 
 what he called his skiff. He landed on the farther side of a 
 swamp, recrossing again near Jamestown, where he lost 
 his gun. He had cast away his officer s coat and what 
 remained of his suit was getting very rusty, so he resolved 
 to take an open course and to ask for work, but like the 
 poor men in the South when they asked for work he was 
 told to go into the service. Even the ladies did not conde 
 scend to notice a young man unless he was in service. 
 Finally, he hired out to a German blacksmith at $1.50 per 
 week, having concluded to remain in the vicinity a while 
 and learn something if possible of the condition of the 
 rebel forces. He stayed a fortnight, taking careful obser 
 vations of all the rebels movements. At the expiration of 
 this time he was tired of blacksmithing and said he wanted 
 to go home. 
 
 He found a loyal German Union man to whom he told 
 his story. The colonel now adopted another Yankee trick, 
 pretending to be a blind man, and the loyal German was 
 his companion and guide. Dropping the Yankee French, 
 he became to all appearances a French subject and was very 
 anxious to return to France immediately as he could not 
 find any work to do in this country. He told this story to 
 General Huger when he came into his command. The 
 General promised to send him to Fortress Monroe with a 
 
 16 
 
122 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 
 
 flag of truce, and the next flag of truce that was sent he 
 accompanied, blind still and led by the faithful German. 
 
 He contrived, unobserved, to tell the captain of the flag 
 party that he was a prisoner, a Union officer ; that he had 
 assumed blindness as a disguise. The young officer 
 informed General Wool of the fact and Wool, being an old 
 soldier, comprehended the matter at once and immediately 
 sent another boat out after him. It was too late, however, 
 for the rebel officer had become impatient at the delay and 
 had hastened off. Having lost his German guide, General 
 Huger himself led the poor old blind man with unaffected 
 sympathy to the hotel and there assured him that he should 
 go with the next flag of truce that was sent and he further 
 took the trouble to write a personal letter to General Wool 
 about the old French blind man who wanted to go home. 
 Colonel DeVilliers remarked that General Huger evinced 
 true kindness toward him. 
 
 With the next flag there was a number of ladies who 
 were leaving the South for a trip to the North. Though 
 blind, he could see the glances they exchanged and though 
 old and somewhat deaf he could hear the officers tell the 
 ladies to learn all they could and come back with the infor 
 mation, wishing them much success. It was surprising 
 what line spies they made,, withal. When he finally 
 reached safe quarters, the Colonel threw off his disguise, 
 saw and was strong, and observed, without surprise him 
 self, the astonishment of the ladies at the sudden turn of 
 affairs. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 123 
 
 TEN MONTHS IN CONFEDERATE 
 PRISONS. 
 
 BY A MEMBER OF COMPANY B, 2ND NEW HAMPSHIRE REGIMENT 
 VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 I WILL endeavor to narrate the principal events that came 
 under my own observation and experience during a cap 
 tivity of ten months. 
 
 I leave for abler writers to describe the battle of Bull 
 Run; suffice it to say that we started from camp near Cen- 
 treville on the morning of July 21, 1861, with a ration of 
 hard-tack in our haversacks and our canteens filled with 
 water in which a little vinegar was mixed ; this supply of 
 soured water became exhausted long before night, and, 
 as our stomachs had not become used to the hardships of 
 war sufficiently to take kindly to the muddy and bloody 
 water on the battlefield, we suffered intensely from thirst. 
 
 At sundown of that hot July day, the Second New Hamp 
 shire Regiment was scattered in many directions, but with 
 one aim, to get back to Washington. I retreated arm- 
 in-arm with comrade George T. Carter for several miles. 
 I tried every stream and puddle that we crossed, with my 
 filter, but could not draw a drop of water through. I 
 
124 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 started into the woods to the left to find some just before 
 an attack was made upon our retreating forces by a force 
 of cavalry and artillery near Cub Run Bridge. I sat down 
 on a log in the woods until a little rested, and then re 
 newed the search for water. It was now quite dark, and 
 seeing a company of cavalry who had on what I mistook 
 for the United States uniform, I came out of the woods and 
 was "gobbled up." The "Johnnies" were getting the 
 captured guns out of Cub Run and hauling them back to 
 Stone Bridge. They allowed me ride upon one of the 
 horses, with which they were drawing captured guns, 
 until we came to Stone Bridge, where they passed me over 
 to Colonel Jones, who seemed mighty glad to see me, for 
 he was counting up his spoils of Yankees and cannon with 
 immense satisfaction. I laid down upon the ground until 
 they got together some eight or ten of the prisoners, when 
 we started, under a strong guard of cavalry, toward Ma- 
 nassas Junction. So great was my thirst that I picked up 
 the mud when we passed through muddy places and sucked 
 the moisture. At last we arrived at Manassas Junction and 
 were paraded before General Beauregard. My impression 
 of him was favorable. In a few minutes we were put into 
 an enclosure with other prisoners surrounded by guards. 
 Here I laid down and slept soundly until late next morning. 
 In the afternoon of Tuesday, the second day after the 
 battle, we were loaded into some box-cars and started for 
 Richmond. My haversack, which was of rubber-cloth, 
 I exchanged with one of the guards for his cotton one, re 
 ceiving in exchange fifty cents, which I gave him to get 
 me some crackers. When we arrived at Richmond, he 
 returned the money, saying that he had no time to get the 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 1 25 
 
 crackers; thereby showing himself to be an honest man. 
 We were marched through the streets of Richmond in the 
 evening to our place of confinement, Liggon s Tobacco 
 Factory. This place is sometimes spoken of as Libby 
 
 MRS. VAX LEW 
 
 [ From a rough sketch.] 
 
 Prison, but was used before Libby Prison came into exist 
 ence. 
 
 This prison was known as Rockett s Prison, No. i, and 
 was located in the lower part of the city near James river, 
 and on the corner of Main and 2^th streets. It was a 
 three story building with the lower windows barred, the 
 lower floor being partly filled with tobacco presses. We 
 
126 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 were conducted to the second and third stories which be 
 came so crowded that there was not room for all to lie 
 down, if they so desired. 
 
 The prisoners were in a state of perfect frenzy from hun 
 ger and thirst. An attempt was made to give us some 
 water and bacon, but the moment a bucket of water was 
 brought into the room, such was the rush of men with 
 their dippers that it was nearly all spilled on the floor. A 
 tray of bacon came to grief in the same way, so the at 
 tempt was given up and we were fastened in for the night. 
 During the night the cries of the prisoners for food and 
 water were only answered with bullets from the guards. 
 My most vivid imagination of Pandemonium did not ex 
 ceed what was then a present reality. 
 
 The next morning the men were calmer, but there was 
 a haggard and fierce expression to the countenances of my 
 companions that was really frightful. That day a very 
 wise method was taken to feed us. Some negroes, sur 
 rounded by a guard with fixed bayonets, brought in thin 
 slices of bacon and bread, and one man at a time was 
 allowed to step up and take one of each. In the afternoon 
 soup was brought in, in the same way, and a gill dipper 
 two-thirds full was allowed to each man ; we were also 
 supplied with water. This, according to my recollection, 
 was Friday, the sixth day after the battle. 
 
 For a few days after our arrival at the prison, we were 
 allowed to take our rations one by one from the tray which 
 was brought in by the negroes. After a few days we were 
 divided into squads, one of each squad, called sergeant, 
 drawing the rations for his squad. Some sharp tricks were 
 often played in drawing rations. The squad of seven to 
 
Come 6roMer jo& fotitrsjo<t\ in 
 
 in f/9/vstn ^ riot 
 
 Chorus A* // o n : &>// on . 
 
 Ourf, ,*<S f at- Acme 
 To 
 
 Our fffrern merit if 6ounc/ /o 
 
 ur orne out- Jrtencff fe 
 
 Jffotf a/t "Df . din/ refioa f. 
 
 on 
 AStt 
 
 Soon fa ome o-u* 
 
 &e 
 
 At A<s tin* of 
 
 /e and ire/tome <*r 
 
 and 
 
 of/forfsroctafton, (5 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 129 
 
 which I was attached several times drew rations for seven 
 teen men. This prosperity, however, was short-lived ; for 
 the commissary, in trying to balance his accounts, found 
 he had been issuing several hundred more rations than he 
 had Yankees to feed, so a stop was put to that at once. 
 Our ration at this time was a small piece of bread, a smaller 
 piece of bacon, and two-thirds of a gill of soup, with a 
 gill of coffee, until Hatteras was captured, when that lux 
 ury was cut off. 
 
 Some of the Union troops were paid off just before the 
 battle, and there was probably between five hundred and 
 one thousand dollars in gold among the prisoners. The 
 gold the confederates were quite willing to take, and so 
 one man from each room was allowed to go out into the 
 city with a guard, and buy for the rest of the men in his 
 room. After our gold was gone, we sold one article after 
 another to the guards. My last trade of this kind was a 
 rubber blanket, which 1 sold for one dollar, and with the 
 proceeds bought one loaf of bread for several days. When 
 this was consumed I was in a condition to enjoy poor 
 health, for a slight illness, with loss of appetite, was cer 
 tainly more comfortable than the gnawing of hunger. On 
 recovering from an illness the return of the appetite was a 
 thing to be dreaded. 
 
 We had ^ view of the street from our windows, and we 
 saw ragged recruits pass, preceded by still more ragged 
 negro musicians, almost daily. On Sundays the negro 
 population seemed to turn out en masse, and go to church 
 in the showiest attire their circumstances would allow. 
 The tall white dickeys of the men were the more notice- 
 17 
 
1^0 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 able for the dark background against which they were set. 
 A majority of the men were either lame or disfigured with 
 scars. 
 
 Confederate officers sometimes passed through the 
 prison, and our landlord, Jefferson Davis, also came around 
 to see his Yankee boarders. He had the reputation in 
 prison of being a smart man, but one who didn t know 
 how to run a hotel. The common people did not have so 
 good a chance to see the "Yanks," but on Sunday the 
 prisoners would sometimes sing "Shining Shore" and 
 other familiar songs until the street was fairly blocked up 
 with people who had stopped to listen. 
 
 Every few days some of us were taken out, in charge of 
 a guard, to police the grounds near the prison and cook 
 houses. The chance to get fresh air and an extra slice of 
 bread was inducement enough, so there was never any 
 lack of volunteers when called for. 
 
 Some attempts to escape were made. One little fellow 
 crawled out through the sewer, a long distance, and was 
 down by the canal washing himself, preparatory to a 
 journey north, when he was found by the guard and 
 brought back. I believe they allowed him to complete his 
 toilet, however, before they took hold of him. As a pun 
 ishment, those who tried to escape were handcuffed. One 
 was punished in this way who had a very small hand, and 
 when the officers were in sight he would be sitting in a 
 corner as meek as Moses with both hands in "durance 
 vile," but at other times he was in the habit of wearing 
 the irons on only one wrist at a time. 
 
 The floor of the room in which some of us were at first 
 confined, fortunately, was not level, and the foul black 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 1} I 
 
 stream of mud and water from the sink settled on one 
 side of the room to the depth of one or two inches. We 
 succeeded in huddling on the other side of the room, and 
 so most of us kept out of the mud at night. 
 
 One of our company became insane and spent his time 
 splashing around in the filth until he was taken out of the 
 room, and we saw him no more. We were kept in this 
 filthy, loathsome condition for a week, when we removed 
 to another building, and glad we were to escape the stench 
 and mud, to a place where we had the luxury of a dry 
 floor. 
 
 The officer who had chief charge of us was Lieut. Todd, 
 a brother to Abraham Lincoln s wife. Once when a 
 Yankee prisoner had died and the guards took the body 
 down to headquarters, they thoughtlessly laid it on the 
 doorstep while they rang the bell for the Lieutenant. This 
 so exasperated him that he kicked the body out into the 
 street, where it laid over night. With this man in com 
 mand, and the notorious Wirtz, who was afterwards 
 hanged, to execute his orders, the reader can judge some 
 thing of the treatment we received. We afterwards heard 
 he was killed in battle, and were not sorry to hear it, 
 although he deserved hanging as richly as did Wirtz. 
 
 In a Testament which I carried with me from New Hamp 
 shire I find this note: "September 2ist, William C. Beck 
 of Concord, Staten Island, of the loth Company, 79th 
 New York Regiment, was shot down by a sentry while 
 standing by a window." He had washed his blanket and 
 hung it at the window to dry. At this time he went to 
 the window to see if his blanket was dry, and was shot 
 
52 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 down. He breathed a few times and was dead. We 
 were in the second or third story from the ground, and 
 here could have been no danger of his escaping, especially 
 as it was daytime. It was simply a wanton murder, and 
 so great was the excitement in prison that a half dozen 
 soldiers, with fixed bayonets, were deemed necessary to 
 accompany those who came in to take the body out. The 
 sentry who shot him was a mere boy, and, without doubt, 
 obeyed orders to the letter, for Wirtz, or the "Dutch Ser 
 geant," as we always called him, had threatened that he 
 would order the guards to shoot every "tarn Yankee" that 
 showed his head at the window. 
 
 About this time some of the prisoners succeeded in get 
 ting into the loft and found liquor that was stored there, 
 and some of them became noisy and quarrelsome. A 
 convenient way for the guards to command silence was to 
 fire into the buildings. Fortunately no one was injured on 
 this occasion, although a ball came through the floor within 
 six inches of the head of Comrade Pepper, who was lying 
 asleep upon the floor. This firing into the building was 
 quite common, and served to break the monotony of prison 
 life, which, on the whole, was exceedingly dull and unin 
 teresting. Tantalized with nightly visions of well-filled 
 tables that vanished when we attempted to approach them, 
 and waking to realize only the gnawing of hunger and 
 the crawling of "gray-backs," we eked out our miserable 
 existence through many weary days. The picking of the 
 vermin occupied two or three hours daily, and thus were, 
 perhaps, what might be called blessings in disguise, 
 although we did not see it in that light at that time. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 1 33 
 
 During a part of our stay we were guarded by troops 
 from Florida. They were at Bull Run, and some of their 
 regiment were taken prisoners by the Federal forces in the 
 early part of the fight and taken to Washington. These 
 men seemed disposed to treat us kindly, in return, as they 
 said, for the kind treatment which their comrades were 
 receiving at the hands of their captors. Through their 
 kindness I visited the hospital and saw some of our 
 wounded comrades. I recollect seeing Comrade Charles 
 Cooper, who was lying upon the floor. Comrade Hains 
 had a bunk, and a little stimulant in a bottle which was 
 .supplied by a contribution from his friends in prison. That 
 was the last time that I saw him, for he died soon after. 
 Comrade Emerson was exchanged, returned to the regi 
 ment and was killed at Williamsburg before I was released, 
 so that this was the last interview I ever had with him. A 
 comrade who was severely wounded through the chest did 
 not go to the hospital, but was cared for in the prison with 
 us, and recovered. His name was Rice, and he was from 
 Vermont. 
 
 We were allowed to purchase, by sending into the city, 
 as I have before stated, articles of food and also papers for 
 some time, until the gold was exhausted, when our inter 
 course with the outside world was forbidden, and we 
 were allowed to know nothing that was transpiring outside 
 the prison walls. 
 
 The rumors that we began to hear about the middle of 
 October that a part of us were to be sent further south 
 were soon verified, for one night the "Dutch Sergeant" 
 came in, and, after cursing in his Anglo-Dutch brogue for 
 
134 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 a while, counted out five hundred of us and ordered us to 
 be ready to start the next morning for New Orleans. This 
 was death to the hopes of those who had taken stock in 
 the rumors that we were to be speedily exchanged. I 
 was not one of these. I had seen enough of the accom 
 modations and treatment in prison there, and was quite 
 ready for something else, without being at, .all particular 
 what. The prospect of a ride of eighteen hundred miles 
 through the Confederacy was anticipated with as much 
 pleasure as anything else, for I was ready to bid adieu to 
 Wirtz and the prison without one tear of regret. 
 
 On the 26th day of October, 1861, the roll of five hun 
 dred Yankee prisoners was again called, and we left the 
 prison and were marched to the railroad station. It was 
 nearly dark when the train got under way for the South 
 and we saw but little of the country about Richmond. 
 We passed through Petersburg in the night time, and the 
 next morning found us in the vicinity of Weldon. Then 
 came the ride through the pine forests of North Carolina. 
 For perhaps one hundred miles, nothing could be seen but 
 the same dead level of pine forest, with an occasional 
 turpentine factory, consisting of an open shed with a chim 
 ney, a few kettles, some rude rosin casks, a white man and 
 a few negroes. No villages, and scarcely a plantation was 
 to be seen. We passed through Wilmington and crossed 
 the river in a ferryboat. Before getting aboard another 
 train we were harangued by a negro on the doctrine of 
 "State Rights," "Let us alone," etc., in a way that 
 delighted the planters who were present, and in a manner 
 that would have done credit to a Southern fire-eater. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 135 
 
 We passed through Florence, Augusta, Atlanta and West 
 Point to Montgomery, Alabama. This ride was by far the 
 most pleasant part of my prison experience, notwithstand 
 ing the fact that we were on exhibition as trophies of war, 
 which I suppose was the main object of the Confederate 
 government in sending us all this distance. 
 
 Agriculture seemed to be carried on upon rather a large 
 scale. I counted thirteen mule-teams all plowing on one 
 piece of land, but everything was done in a slipshod and 
 thriftless manner. I saw, beside the road, an ox-team 
 with a yoke which was a straight piece of wood, in which 
 pins were driven to serve as bows. There were with 
 them a couple of stalwart negroes. I inquired the price of 
 such stock and learned that the yoke of oxen were worth 
 about one hundred dollars and their drivers about one 
 thousand dollars each. We passed a fine new house about 
 which some thirty negro children, apparently between the 
 ages of four and twelve years, were leveling the grounds. 
 They were watched by a white man and did not even look 
 up when the train passed. 
 
 A train loaded with live Yankees was quite a curiosity in 
 the South and in some cases made quite a sensation. At 
 one place a woman came running down to the train, pant 
 ing for breath, and after looking at us in mute astonishment 
 for a few minutes exclaimed: "Be them Yankees? I 
 thought Yankees had hair on their teeth." 
 
 At Montgomery we were taken from the cars into a 
 large yard, used mainly for storing cotton, and some of 
 the natives were let into the yard to see us. We were 
 here supplied with some stale bread and bacon, for the 
 
\}6 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 possession of which myriads of maggots contested with 
 us. But kindling a fire, and applying the bacon to the 
 blaze, the maggots, instead of getting our rations from us, 
 quickly made more rations, and although I have eaten 
 them before and since, both raw and cooked. I never ate 
 any that tasted better than they did. 
 
 From Montgomery we took a river-boat to Mobile. A 
 
 283 
 
 PHOTOGRAPHIC REPRODUCTION OF A PAGE OF THE ORIGINAL RECORD 
 KEPT I5Y THE CONFEDERATE GOVERNMENT 
 
 sad accident happened while we were going down the 
 river. The boat was crowded and the deck nearly covered 
 with prisoners. A tall, noble-looking German from a New 
 York regiment, named Slotterbeck, was lying near the 
 engine asleep. The engine blew off steam; which so 
 startled him that he jumped up bewildered, and, losing his 
 balance, fell overboard. He was a good swimmer, and 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS y] 
 
 tried at first to follow the boat, but some one told him to 
 strike for the shore ; he did so, swam bravely until within 
 a few rods of the shore, when there was a wake in the 
 water near him, and he was drawn under by an alligator, 
 [so the guards said], and we saw him no more. The 
 steam was shut off for a minute or two, but as "that Yank 
 was satisfactorily accounted for," as they expressed it, we 
 went on. 
 
 A plan for escape was nearly matured while going 
 down the river. We had among us men who knew how 
 to run a steamboat, and the plan was to rise, disarm the 
 guards, run the steamer on our own hook, pass by Mobile 
 and make for Ship Island ; but the plot was suspected and 
 they took on a stronger force of guards at a place the name 
 of which I think was Clayborne, so the plan was given 
 up. Arriving at Mobile, we were landed at a pier, a 
 ragged and forlorn set of beings. We were here on ex 
 hibition for several hours, and were marched through sev 
 eral of the principal streets. The head showman called 
 the attention of the ladies who came out to see us to the 
 condition of our clothing, and told them to "look at their 
 feet if you want to know which are the Yankees, for the 
 barefooted ones are Yankees." 
 
 At Mobile we took the cars for New Orleans, via Meri- 
 dan and Jackson. The country thus far had seemed badly 
 cultivated and uninteresting, and the guards were assured 
 that they need not fear our escaping for "we didn t want 
 to be left in that God-forsaken country!" We sometimes 
 conversed with the citizens along the route, and to the oft- 
 repeated question, "What are uns down here for?" we 
 18 
 
138 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 replied: "To defend the flag, the Constitution, and the 
 Union." We usually received the reply: "We don t want 
 to fight you; send your abolitionists down here, they are 
 the men we want to fight." 
 
 In Mississippi we saw the cotton plant in all its glory. I 
 know of nothing in nature more beautiful than a large 
 field of luxuriant cotton, waist high, every twig of the 
 wide-branching shrub ending in a ball of snowy whiteness. 
 The sugar cane of Louisiana was perhaps richer looking 
 but not so gorgeous as the cotton plant. 
 
 The country for perhaps thirty miles above New Orleans 
 is mostly a cypress swamp. The trees are usually covered 
 with hanging moss, and when seen in the dim twilight 
 are a most dismal sight. In the water below grew wild 
 rice and on hillocks was the material from which fans are 
 made, and which seemed to need only trimming and bind 
 ing to be ready for use. The ditches beside the road 
 swarmed with snakes which the guards said were copper 
 heads. 
 
 Arriving in New Orleans we were given in charge of a 
 company of infantry and a splendid squadron of cavalry, 
 and were guarded through the streets, crowded with citi 
 zens who used every available place to get a glimpse of 
 us. It seemed as though we had marched nearly two 
 miles through the* streets when we halted before a large 
 brick building and yard. Over the entrance to this build 
 ing we read in large letters " Parish Prison." It looked 
 rather old to have been built to keep prisoners of war in, 
 but it was not until we passed through the iron doors and 
 saw the grated windows and the heavy manacles and the 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 139 
 
 long row of cells that we realized that we were to be 
 treated as condemned felons. 
 
 The countenance of the turnkey for our yard struck me 
 as the most diabolical in expression that I had ever seen. 
 With almost no forehead, and eyes small and cunning, 
 from which darted, at times, a look of the most extreme 
 malignity, I never saw him without an indescribable feel 
 ing of dread akin to horror. He was confined there for 
 crime, and was called the Land Pirate" by us Yankees, 
 It was evening when we arrived at our quarters, and the 
 room in which I was at first confined was so crowded that 
 all did not succeed in lying down, and so sat up all night. 
 Later on, however, we made so much improvement in 
 packing that we all made out to lie down. The room bor 
 dered upon the streets and through the grated windows 
 we could see some of the business that was carried on out 
 side. There were more white teamsters than I expected 
 to see, showing that the common remark, that "a white 
 man cannot work in that climate," is not strictly true. On 
 the other side there was simply a smooth brick wall, per 
 haps thirty feet high. Galleries ran above the first story, 
 and in front of the second and third stories. At one end 
 of the upper gallery was a drop, and over it, protruding 
 from the brick wall, was a beam, a contrivance for helping 
 one to "shuffle off this mortal coil" in which we were 
 personally interested; for we were for some time held as 
 hostages for the privateers who were at that time held by 
 our government for trial as pirates, and there is no doubt 
 that some of us would have been executed in retaliation, 
 if our government had executed them. I never could see 
 why treason on sea was very much different from treason 
 
140 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 on land, but I cannot say what influence the aforesaid con 
 trivance had in forming my opinion on this point. The 
 floor of this yard was of split stones of different sizes, but 
 fitted closely together. In one corner was a bath-tub, 
 through which a stream of water from the river was con 
 stantly flowing, and in the opposite corner were boilers 
 for cooking rations. 
 
 We were subjected to a further indignity. In addition 
 to being confined in a prison with felons, we had convicts 
 for our overseers; for besides the " Land Pirate" there was 
 "Dominique," who was under sentence for twenty-one 
 years for manslaughter; Joe Mullala," and some other 
 criminals of less pretensions. 
 
 Shortly after our arrival at Parish Prison we were 
 searched for jack-knives. Various ways were devised to 
 keep the knives, many of which were successful. Several 
 of us hid ours in our bread, but some one did not conceal 
 the hole properly in which his was inserted and in conse 
 quence they broke open all the bread in prison. A second 
 search was made some time afterwards, which I learned, 
 was more successful in the number of knives found than 
 was the first. I had meanwhile bought another knife. 
 My pants were tucked up at the bottom, and I inserted the 
 knife under the tuck on the inside of the pant leg. They 
 searched me from head to foot but did not feel just where 
 the knife was, and so it escaped. 
 
 I do not know the exact weight of our rations, but one 
 comrade ate five days rations of bread in twenty minutes 
 on a wager. One-fourth of a ration of bread was called 
 worth a ration of meat in all trading in which the staff of 
 life was concerned. We had also a drink made from burnt 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 14 l 
 
 rye, corn meal, or holly leaves. We had also something 
 called soup, which was made by filling the boilers with 
 river water and adding one pailful of rice for five hundred 
 men. This soup was not so thin as might be supposed, 
 for the water that was put in was so muddy that one- 
 eighth of an inch of sediment would settle in a dipper in a 
 few hours. It would have been almost destitute of nour 
 ishment had it not been for the rice, in which was an occa 
 sional white worm, which was of course well-cooked. 
 Some complaint was made to General Palfrey, the com 
 mander of the military forces, and a specimen of it was 
 saved for his inspection. After tasting it he said it was 
 "not tit for anyone to drink," and calling Joe Mullala, the 
 head cook, he ordered him to drink a pint of it on the 
 spot, to his extreme disgust. But even this was in de 
 mand among the "Yanks" and had to be watched if one 
 wished to keep it from getting stolen. 
 
 Comrade Uow, from a Massachusetts regiment, took an 
 original method to keep his. He would draw his soup, 
 spit in it and set it by for supper. It was evidently worth 
 more to him than to anyone else, and I never knew him to 
 lose his supper. 
 
 1 had saved from the sale of my blanket a few cents to 
 pay postage. I had a cousin in Georgia, although I had 
 never seen him, and shortly after my arrival at New Orleans 
 I wrote him asking the loan of five or ten dollars until cir 
 cumstances would allow me to repay him. Before a reply 
 came, friends in Mobile who had learned that I was among 
 the prisoners sent me, unsolicited, thirty dollars in gold 
 and silver, which, being used with economy, saved me 
 
142 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 from much suffering. In due time a reply came from 
 Georgia. It began with expressing much sorrow "that 
 any relative of his should enlist against his country." He 
 said "the Federals wished to send his servants into his 
 house with the knife and torch," and closed by saying that 
 he hesitated about sending me money, for he doubted if it 
 was right to send it to me when he might use it for the 
 South. " For," he said, " we will sacrifice everything, even 
 life itself, for the Confederacy. But," he concluded piously, 
 "it is our duty to do good to all, even our enemies, and 
 so I send you five dollars." I was so overcome with his 
 generosity and self-sacrifice, that I re-enclosed the Confed 
 erate five dollar note and sent it back to him, with the ad 
 vice that it be used for the cause of treason to which it had 
 been devoted. 
 
 Through the kindness of my friends in Mobile, I pro 
 cured several books, with which we made prison life more 
 tolerable. They were sent through the hands of Leonard 
 Pash, who seemed glad to render me any assistance, al 
 though, of course, it was not safe for him or anyone to be 
 a pronounced Union man, either in Mobile or New Orleans. 
 
 We here made the acquaintance of the Southern mos 
 quito. One night in particular they visited our quarters 
 in such numbers that sleep was impossible. Their noise 
 resembled a swarm of bees, while their size was such that 
 there was talk of killing and picking them for poultry with 
 which to supplement our rations. A war of extermina 
 tion was carried on for a while, until, becoming exhausted, 
 we would lie down, covering ourselves entirely with our 
 blankets. Thus, sweating at every pore and almost suffo- 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 143 
 
 cated, we awaited the attack. Soon numbers of them 
 would be marching over the blankets, evidently prospect 
 ing for the purpose of sinking a shaft, They would soon 
 begin to bore, first through a thick woolen blanket, then 
 through two strata of flannel, then came the cuticle, un 
 der which was the object of their search. A convulsive 
 start under the blanket gave notice that one of the number 
 had "struck ile"; this was quickly followed by another 
 and another start, until the victim, goaded to desperation, 
 threw off the covering and renewed the fight. Some sat 
 up all night and smoked to keep them off, and all pre 
 sented a most woe-begone appearance the next morning. 
 If one of us forgot the respect that was due to our over 
 seers, who were brought there in the Black Maria, he 
 was put into irons and solitary confinement in the dun 
 geon. These irons consisted of heavy iron clasps to go 
 around the ankles, attached to which were rings through 
 which there played an iron rod, varying in length from 
 one and a half to four feet, and in diameter from five- 
 eighths of an inch to an inch and a quarter. They were 
 fastened on with rivets which were headed with a ham 
 mer every time they were put on and filed off when the 
 prisoner was released. The prisoner was allowed a string 
 attached to the rod, so that by carrying most of the weight 
 of the rod by the string he could walk, though very slowly 
 and painfully. One of our number one day used some dis 
 respectful language toward the " Land Pirate " and they took 
 him up to the anvil and riveted a heavy set of irons upon 
 his ankles, and ordered him to the dungeon. He declared 
 he couldn t travel in them, and all the thieves and black- 
 
144 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 legs in Louisiana couldn t make him try; so a large, mus 
 cular negro was ordered to take him there. The negro 
 shouldered him and our comrade disappeared shouting: 
 "Here goes the black horse cavalry!" It took several 
 days of confinement to teach him to show proper respect 
 to his " superiors." 
 
 Sometimes on the Sabbath some clergymen would come 
 into the yard and preach to us. One of these was an 
 Episcopalian, and began by praying for Jefferson Davis, the 
 President of the Confederate States of America, etc. Now 
 we Yankees didn t dispute that Jefferson Davis needed 
 praying for, but we didn t like the ring of the prayer in 
 recognizing the Confederate States, and when he had got 
 through praying he found his audience had deserted him. 
 He explained by saying that he used the prescribed form 
 of the church, being dictated by those in authority over 
 him, after which his audience returned and heard him 
 through. 
 
 We were under infinite obligations to some cheerful fel 
 lows, who I verily believe could see a joke in the solitary 
 cell or the hangman s knot, and who would raise a laugh 
 on the most unpromising occasion. Some amusement 
 was attempted on Christmas. A masked procession 
 marched about the yard, and all the prisoners arranged 
 themselves around the yard and sang the "Star Spangled 
 Banner " and other patriotic songs, nearly every voice of 
 the five hundred joining in the chorus. I imagine that the 
 people of the city who lived near the prison walls heard 
 " music in the air " that day if never before. The captain 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS M5 
 
 of the prison was seen peering through a window into the 
 yard, and looking as if he would like to punish us. 
 This captain was very much disliked by the prisoners. He 
 was exceedingly tyrannical and also something of a fop. 
 He sometimes came into the yard wearing a shiny stove 
 pipe hat, canted a little to one side, a fine black suit and 
 highly polished boots. Some of the prisoners would at 
 once engage him in conversation while another might be 
 seen behind his back busily passing his thumb and finger 
 from his own dirty and ragged blouse to the coat of the 
 captain. After a few minutes a long, lank, innocent, slab- 
 sided, half-starved looking fellow would step up to him in 
 a confidential sort of way, and say " Cap n, there s a grey- 
 back [louse] on your sleeve." He would leave at once 
 in disgust. 
 
 Many of the prisoners made articles of bone to sell to 
 the guards and visitors, rubbing them smooth on the stones 
 on the bottom of the yard. In about two weeks time I 
 made in this way a knife with which 1 could cut my bread. 
 
 All news, especially of military movements, was contra 
 band at the Parish Prison, and every effort was made by 
 the authorities to prevent the prisoners from learning any 
 thing in regard to events outside the prison walls. In va 
 rious ways, however, we learned of the fall of Fort Pulaski, 
 and of the principal events of the war soon after they trans 
 pired. The criminals confined in the prison were allowed 
 to have papers, and although orders were strict to the con 
 trary, the news they contained was soon transmitted to us. 
 One day a negro girl was drawn to a ring in the floor and 
 severely flogged, for giving the " Yanks" a paper. In one 
 upper corner of the cells was a ventilator which would 
 19 
 
146 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 just admit a man s arm, and we found that the ventilators 
 to several cells communicated with the same Hue, and that 
 one comrade perched upon the shoulders of another could 
 communicate with those in other cells. Once or twice a 
 paper was smuggled in by the negro workmen who brought 
 in the supplies; and the shrill voice of the newsboys on 
 the street, as they cried the news in the Delta, could be 
 sometimes heard in the room next the street, so that in all 
 these ways we managed to keep tolerably well posted in 
 the news of the week. 
 
 After a few weeks the packing was again improved upon, 
 and an attempt was made to get us all into the cells, 
 which, owing to the shrinking process through which we 
 had passed, was successful. The common cell was nine 
 and one-half feet by thirteen and one-half, and into this 
 was crowded sixteen men. The packing was a combina 
 tion of the spoon fashion and the clothes-pin fashion. 
 Each man was allowed nineteen inches in width, and by 
 allowing the feet to lap in the centre, we could lie down 
 quite comfortably upon the hard pine floor. Myriads of 
 cockroaches covered the walls and ceiling, and they had 
 an annoying habit of dropping down into the ears of the 
 sleepers in the night. 
 
 Besides the men, the cells contained all the worldly pos 
 sessions which they had with them. In one corner was 
 the water closet, in the form of an open tub, which might 
 be tight at the bottom and might not, for some of them 
 leaked badly. In this last event it was rather a damage to 
 the berth next to the tub. 
 
 All night and a part of the day the doors were shut, and 
 sometimes locked and the air for sixteen men came through 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 147 
 
 a space which, after making allowance for the bars, did not 
 exceed six inches square. 
 
 One evening we made more noise than suited the cap 
 tain of the prison, and we were locked up for several days, 
 The air outside was cool and almost frosty, for it was in 
 the coldest part of the Southern winter; but inside the cells 
 the air was warm and almost suffocating. We dispensed 
 with all clothing except drawers, and then the sweat 
 would run down our bodies in streams. The "Stars and 
 Stripes," a paper read in the lyceum of the prison, con 
 tained the following allusion to our unfortunate condition : 
 "A squad of caged Yankees may be found on free exhibi 
 tion at No. 4, third floor/ This lyceum was supported 
 mainly by students from Oberlin College, of whom there 
 were quite a number in the prison. They also conducted 
 a weekly prayer meeting, and on Sunday a Bible-class. 
 
 We were kept on the diet I have described without any 
 change. Some of the men were continually picking over 
 the waste barrel for pieces of wormy cabbage-leaves, bits 
 of potato peel, and the like. This waste came from the 
 other side of the prison, for we were given nothing of the 
 kind until the scurvy broke out amongst us, after which 
 Ely, the steward, came around once a day with some 
 mashed raw potato and vinegar in a basin, and a long- 
 handled spoon, and gave one spoonful to each man who 
 had the scurvy, which seemed to check the disease con 
 siderably. The United States government was not un 
 mindful of us, for it proposed to furnish clothing for us if 
 the Confederates would see that it was distributed. This 
 they did, but they drew for the whole five hundred, keep 
 ing for themselves the suits of those who had died. 
 
148 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Many of the prisoners sold their clothes to the guard for 
 money to buy bread, and, as I learned, a whole company 
 of rebs procured suits enough in this manner to clothe 
 every man in it. A man (I am sorry to say that I cannot 
 give his name), who had been a prisoner in the war of 
 1812, came into the yard one day, and, seeing our condi 
 tion, gave us eleven hogsheads of molasses. We were 
 always willing to think that he had some love for the Stars 
 and Stripes, as well as pity for us. 
 
 The latter part of January, 1862, the movements of the 
 Federal forces made the Confederates suspicious that an 
 attack might be made on New Orleans; and so, about two 
 weeks before Farragut and Butler arrived, we were re 
 moved to Salisbury, North Carolina. The guards had no 
 trouble in keeping us on the trains, for the General told us 
 that we were going North, with a view to exchange, and 
 he even sent a letter to his brother, John G. Palfrey, of 
 Boston, by comrade Aborn, who was from that vicinity. 
 
 We left New Orleans on the sixth day of February, and 
 returned over nearly the same route by which we went to 
 New Orleans. We were carried up the Alabama river on 
 a tlat barge, towed by a steamer. A cold storm was raging, 
 with a piercing wind, which made it very uncomfortable. 
 The guards took refuge on the steamer, and so we had the 
 barge to ourselves. We kept fires, fed with Confederate 
 bacon, burning in the hold all night. Of course, we ate all 
 the bacon we wanted, first, and warmed and dried our 
 selves with the rest. 
 
 At Montgomery we were put into box cars. Sixty-five 
 of us were crowded into a small sized freight car, in which 
 we rode all the way to Salisbury, the journey lasting be- 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 149 
 
 tween three and four days. Some of us were put into 
 cattle cars and had just as good accommodations as the 
 cattle had, only they might have been clean when the 
 cattle were put in, but we took them in the same condition 
 in which the cattle left them. One car had been used to 
 transport molasses, and the treacle was over the soles of the 
 men s shoes. Of course no one suffered with hunger, with 
 molasses at his feet. 
 
 Evidences of sympathy were seen and felt at Atlanta, 
 Georgia. One man passed a five dollar bill into the car, 
 and another came to the car in which 1 was and asked 
 where we were from. In an undertone, he said, " There 
 are more Yankees than you here! " and at once crossed the 
 street, after which I saw him no more. When I after 
 wards heard of the handful of men, who, about that time, 
 went in disguise to Atlanta, took an engine from near the 
 depot and went off with it, tearing up the track behind 
 them, and destroying rebel stores so far as they could, I 
 thought he must be one of them. At any rate, he ran some 
 risk to let us know he was a Union man. 
 
 When I could not longer keep awake, I sat upon my feet 
 and leaned against the side of the car. This cramped po 
 sition caused my limbs to swell so that when I got out of 
 the car at Salisbury it was almost impossible for me to 
 walk. When I first attempted it I fell to the ground, but 
 finally succeeded, with a little assistance, in getting from 
 the car to the prison. 
 
 This prison consisted of buildings formerly used as a cot 
 ton factory, which, with a number of boarding houses, 
 were enclosed by a high fence. Two hundred and forty- 
 four men were put into the lower room of the main build- 
 
ISO RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 ing. Bunks were built, one above another, four tiers high, 
 with walks between. Our rations here were more abund 
 ant, but poorer in quality, than at either Liggon or Parish 
 prison. I will except the soup, which was here made of 
 cow-peas instead of rice. These cow-peas seem to be 
 about half-way between a pea and a bean, not very grate 
 ful to the taste, but quite nutritious. They are raised in the 
 cornfields, the vine running upon the cornstalk. They 
 were commonly used as food by the blacks. 
 
 The beef was a little doubtful, but one thing was evi 
 dent, it did not belong to any horned animal. Whether it 
 was a mule or some poor old horse which had outlived his 
 usefulness, we never knew. Then, too, there was always 
 a disagreeable uncertainty as to what the beast died of, as 
 none of us came from a region where such animals were 
 fatted for beef. A good appetite, however, did not scruple 
 at trifles, and so we ate it and called it good. I brought 
 home a rib bone as a memento, but have unfortunately lost 
 it. There was more variety to our diet here, as they would 
 sometimes get out of food and confiscate the pigs of some 
 Union men for rations. 
 
 For a month or more, at first, we were kept in the build 
 ing all the time, day and night. Finally a surgeon came in 
 and said we should "all die there unless we were let out in 
 the day time." 
 
 The authorities were not willing to let us out unless we 
 would agree to keep within certain bounds, and promise 
 not to try to escape while in the yard. Those of the pris 
 oners who belonged to the regular army would not agree 
 to this, thinking it would be looked upon as an act of de 
 sertion by the Federal government; but most of the volun- 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS I 5! 
 
 teers, acting under advice of the surgeon, took the parole 
 and were let out for several hours each day. I know of no 
 case in which the parole was violated, as all attempts to 
 escape were made after we were shut up for the night. 
 Some of these attempts came very near being successful; 
 one man got to within a few miles of the Union lines, when 
 he was captured and brought back. 
 
 At Salisbury we found some Yankees who had been cap 
 tured at different points and confined there. Among them 
 were some from the Fourth New Hampshire, and we were 
 astonished and delighted to learn that the old "Granite 
 State" had already sent eight regiments to the front. Our 
 comrades here included representatives from every grade 
 of society, and were from every civilized nation on the 
 globe. We had a theologian from Oberlin college and the 
 New York rough, who could pick a sentinel s pocket, while 
 on duty; but common sufferings made common friends, 
 and quarrels were rare. 
 
 1 was much interested in a native of North Carolina, of 
 the class called the "butternuts," from his homespun cot 
 ton clothing. He was old and a cripple, and said that he 
 started from home, leaving his family with nothing to eat, 
 to go to mill with some corn, when he was arrested and 
 put in with us, without the privilege of seeing or sending 
 to his family. The saddest part of it was, that he had no 
 doubt his own son had caused his arrest as "a Union man, 
 the son being a Confederate officer. 
 
 The guards seemed to have a special spite against Union 
 citizens, and would never lose an opportunity of abusing 
 them. One of our company by the name of Desmond 
 belonged to the regular army, and had a wife and child in 
 
l?2 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Georgia. One day he received a letter from his wife, and 
 the tears ran down his cheeks as he read of the privations 
 and persecutions that his family were suffering, while he 
 was helpless to defend them or provide for their wants. 
 We almost forgot our own privations, in gratitude that we 
 had no family in the power of the Confederates, and on 
 whom they could wreak their vengeance. Another of my 
 fellow prisoners I never saw but with feelings of respect 
 almost akin to veneration. He was- an old Kentuckian, 
 seventy-four years of age, who had served under the old 
 flag in 1812, and who, when the first guns were fired 
 upon the old flag at Sumter, felt the blood start in his veins 
 with fresh vigor, and, seizing his gun, again "rallied around 
 the flag" with the boys of 1861. 
 
 With one or two exceptions the prisoners maintained 
 their loyalty to the United States Government, and they 
 came very near executing the penalty of treason upon one 
 who had deserted. In some way his disloyalty became 
 known, before he left the room, and a rope was promptly 
 prepared and passed around his neck. It was with great 
 difficulty that the guards succeeded in rescuing him from 
 us. If they had allowed us a few minutes more, we would 
 willingly have given him up. His name was Buchanan ; 
 he was afterwards a Sergeant in a North Carolina regi 
 ment, and was finally killed in an engagement in West 
 Virginia. 
 
 Newbern was captured while we were here, and although 
 we were not allowed to know the news, we sometimes 
 overheard from the guards some exaggerated accounts of 
 the engagements, such as that at Williamsburg five hun 
 dred were shot down at the first volley; that a Lieutenant, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 1$) 
 
 Who lived at Salisbury, was killed, and that his negro 
 waded to his knees in blood to get his body. They also 
 had a story that General Burnside came into Newbern one 
 or two days before the capture, peddling fish ! And they 
 told how the "doggoned Yankee gunners" knocked every 
 gun off their works, one by one, as they went up the 
 river. 
 
 Here we were more subject to the caprices of the guards, 
 and some of them used us as well as the rules would 
 allow, while others took every advantage of their power to 
 ill-treat and misuse us. 
 
 One of them, after calling me all the hard names he 
 could think of without receiving any reply, pricked me 
 with his bayonet, because I did not walk to suit him. The 
 only excuse that I know of in this case was that he was 
 badly under the influence of liquor. An old man was 
 bayoneted by a boy guard at one time, just for the 
 amusement of the thing. 
 
 Prison life had begun to tell upon my health, on arrival 
 at Salisbury, and I entirely lost the use of my voice, so 
 that for weeks 1 could not speak above a whisper. This 
 was accompanied by a severe and distressing cough ; my 
 strength was reduced so that I could sit up but little, and 
 my comrades thought I should never live to get out. The 
 surgeon came in one day, and all the sick were formed in 
 line and prescribed for by him in turn. My appearance 
 must have been very solemn, for he said to the steward, as 
 soon as he saw me, "That man needs some medicine, his 
 countenance shows it;" and he ordered quinine without 
 inquiring a word in regard to my symptoms. After this 
 
 20 
 
154 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 1 went to his office once. He said, "You need some med 
 icine which the government does not furnish. You have 
 blockaded us so that we cannot get it. If you have money 
 to buy it I will write a prescription and you can send and 
 get it filled." - Luckily I had not spent all of that thirty 
 dollars, and 1 was able to get the medicine. Soon after I 
 began to mend. The surgeon proposed to take me to the 
 hospital, but I remembered of reading in my schoolboy 
 days the story of the spider and the fly, and as I noticed 
 that those who went to the hospital usually did not come 
 out again, I respectfully declined. The medicine I obtained 
 in the city. This, together with the privilege of a few 
 hours in the fresh air in the yard everyday, and a "shaking 
 out," as he called it, which Comrade John Davis gave me 
 once a day, soon restored my health. 
 
 Our water here was furnished by two wells. One of 
 them was very good water, the other was what we called 
 sulphur water, it having a strong taste and smell of 
 sulphur. The well of good water was soon exhausted, 
 and the sulphur water soon became so low that only part 
 of a bucket of muddy stuff could be obtained at a time. 
 We did not suffer much from thirst, however, but washing 
 was mostly dispensed with for a time. Some of the pris 
 oners, neglecting to wash or pick their clothing, became 
 overrun with vermin and reduced to mere skeletons. Then 
 a "Committee of Public Safety" would take them in hand, 
 wash them, shave their heads, and show them off on a 
 sort of race course, for the amusement of the public. 
 Sometimes, for recreation we had games of ball or cards. 
 The euchre decks became worn almost past recognition, 
 A sort of amusement was also obtained from the vermin 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS \^ 
 
 called greyback, and a miniature cock pit, in which two 
 well-fed specimens were fighting, surrounded by a crowd 
 of excited, betting Yankees, often served to while away 
 many a weary hour. 
 
 Some amusement at the expense of the Confederate 
 soldiers was occasionally indulged in. One of the prison 
 ers would hint to a sentinel that there was some talk of 
 breaking prison. Then on some dark rainy night a noise 
 would be made in some one of the buildings. This would 
 cause them to beat the long roll, which was done on a bass 
 drum, and keep them standing in line for several hours in a 
 pouring rain. Any search which was instituted to find the 
 cause of the noise found every Yankee sound asleep. 
 
 These soldiers on duty here were not very formidable 
 fellows, being many of them unfit for field duty ; young 
 boys, old men and cripples. One of the boys did service 
 with a bayonet on a broomstick. Some Yankee was just 
 wicked enough to steal the bayonet from off the gun of a 
 sentinel when he was on duty. The officer of the guard 
 made thorough search for the bayonet and was informed 
 that "Joe Graball" stole it, but could not find his name on 
 the list, nor could he find him in prison. 
 
 Lieutenant Bradford, a son of Gov. Bradford of Mary 
 land, had command a part of the time. He was a young 
 man and one of the class called the "Baltimore Plugs." 
 One evening he came into our room, when some Yankee 
 covered his mouth with his hand and said "Plug Ugly." 
 He started to find the speaker, when another smothered 
 "Plug Ugly" greeted his ears. But whether it came from 
 above or below, to the right or the left, he could not tell. 
 He was greatly enraged, and drawing his revolver swore 
 
156 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 he would shoot the man who said "Plug Ugly, " but not a 
 Yankee could be found awake in the whole room, and he 
 went off in a towering rage. 
 
 To pass from one room to another was against the rules, 
 unless one was provided with a pass signed by the com 
 manding officer. Comrade Samuel Joy at one time wished 
 to visit the room next above. He was stopped by the 
 guard, when he presented his pass. With a look which 
 seemed to say, "You don t play any more of your Yankee 
 tricks on me," he took the pass between his thumb and 
 finger, while he brought all his wits and education to bear 
 upon the document. He examined it carefully, word by 
 word, seemed to be in doubt about the signature at the 
 bottom, but on -being assured by the Yankee that it was all 
 right and directly from headquarters, he reckoned it would 
 do, and so let him pass. He is probably ignorant to this 
 day of the fact that the paper was bottom side ///> all the 
 time. 
 
 There was an elevator near one end of the building, and 
 some would visit the room above by climbing the rope ; 
 those in the upper story would frequently come down on 
 the rope to the next story below, and after staying a while 
 climb back. This was a convenient arrangement and it 
 was too bad to spoil it, but the love of fun in some Yankee 
 was greater than his love of Confederate bacon, and so he 
 spared enough from his ration to grease the rope, and the 
 next day when some half dozen in the upper story started 
 on their visit, one after the other, nothing peculiar was 
 noticed by their room mates, but there was fun for the 
 boys as they shot down through the other stories to the 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS I =>7 
 
 ground floor. They could not get back without permission 
 of the guard. After this the rope was taken out. 
 
 We hadn t the facilities here for manufacturing bones 
 that we had in New Orleans, and so our attention was 
 turned to some other way of obtaining bread. The frac 
 tional currency seemed the most feasible, as it was printed 
 upon plain paper and the five cent and fifty cent scrips 
 were so nearly alike that they could be very easily altered so 
 as to pass with the ignorant whites, a majority of whom 
 could not read. It was said that thirty-one out of thirty- 
 two recruits that were enlisted at Salisbury made their 
 mark instead of signing their names. Peddlers were some 
 times allowed in the yard to trade with the Yankees ; but 
 they were not always sharp enough to make it profitable. 
 The officer in charge sent a woman in with some cakes and 
 cookies, which sold readily at a high price. One of the 
 Yankees overheard an officer counting over the profits of 
 the transaction : There is a five changed to fifty. There 
 is a ten changed to twenty-five ; there is another five 
 changed to fifty, and there is one entirely new !" A man 
 was let into the yard with tobacco for sale. He came up 
 to the prison window and several of the boys wanted to 
 examine the tobacco. After he had handed in four or five 
 large hands of navy he thought that was enough for a 
 specimen, but none at the window had any of his tobacco, 
 and they didn t know of any one who had. An officer 
 attempted to find out who stole the tobacco, and was 
 informed that it was "Joe Graball," but as he had heard of 
 "Joe" before, he searched no further. 
 
158 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Scurvy again made its appearance soon after we took up 
 quarters in Salisbury, and as a remedy about a peck of 
 small Irish potatoes were distributed in. our room. This 
 gave us all one apiece, and some of us were lucky enough 
 to get two. They were devoured raw with avidity, and 
 with greater relish than any peach or plum I ever ate. At 
 one time a woman came into the prison with sweet pota 
 toes, and I bought a peck of them. These were quickly 
 eaten, after which I would go out into the yard and dig 
 grass and eat it for hours at a time. By these means I 
 kept the disease at bay. Some would bury themselves 
 partly in sand, as a remedy, until they would nearly faint 
 away and have to be dug out by their comrades. With 
 many, especially in the second stage, as it was called, it 
 was a useless attempt, and, one after another, they gave up 
 to the disease and went to the hospital, never to return. 
 
 But the day of our release was at hand, and on the 2?d 
 of May, 1862, we signed a parole of honor and in com 
 panies of two hundred each were sent by rail to Tarboro. 
 From Tarboro we went down Tar river in a boat. 
 
 When our eyes first caught sight of the "stars and 
 stripes," floating from a United States gunboat near Wash 
 ington, North Carolina, the Confederate bayonets, which 
 were pointed at the breasts of a score of us, could not 
 prevent our shouts of joy. It was the shout of loyalty and 
 liberty. We were placed upon a United States gunboat on 
 the 25th day of May, ten months and four days after my 
 capture. During this time my hair did not grow as much 
 as in the month preceding and in the month succeeding 
 my capture. Vegetable food was given us, and scurvy 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS I >9 
 
 soon disappeared. Comrade John Wheeler, of the 2nd 
 New Hampshire, was not so fortunate. Although seem 
 ingly not much worse when we left Salisbury, he died on 
 the boat. Although we hoped to meet some of our 
 Southern acquaintances before the close of the war, there 
 was nothing particularly affecting in the parting scene. 
 During all this time I had not heard a word from home, so 
 that practically I had had a Rip Van Winkle sleep for ten 
 
 months ; much disturbed, however, by terrible dreams and 
 
 
 nightmares. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS, 
 
 1861-1862. 
 
 PART SECOND. 
 
 THE NAME, RANK, COMPANY, REGIMENT AND STATE OF 
 THE FOUR THOUSAND WHO WERE CONFINED THERE. 
 
 MAINE. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT, INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private W. Schneider, Left at Richmond 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private Thomas Hern, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 E. N. Thomas, Died 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 Chaplain John F. Mines, D.D., Exchanged 
 
 Fifer Charles Freeman, Sent home 
 
1 62 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private D. B. Nason, 
 T. F. Reed, 
 
 Private J. W. King, 
 " W. F. Griffin, 
 " A. Dillingham, 
 J. D. Perkins, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 First Lieutenant I. H. Skinner, 
 Corporal R. O. Fife, 
 Private George W. Barton, 
 
 " J. F. Spaulding, 
 G. W. Folger, 
 
 " James Davis, 
 
 " A. P. Hanscom, 
 
 " J. J. Kellen, 
 
 " L. R. Haskell, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 First Lieutenant Sumner Kittredge, 
 Private R. Emery, 
 
 " R. A. Monroe, 
 J. C. Gilman, 
 
 " G. W. Lord, 
 
 Private S. E. Fancy, 
 
 O. W. Whitcomb, 
 " R. Snow, 
 
 Private John Coy, 
 
 J. W. Withim, 
 
 Private H. Black, 
 J. Banks, 
 " B. Frazier, 
 " J. A. Bailey, 
 " A. Fenton, 
 H, A. H olden, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 1 1 
 
 Died 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Exchanged 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private H. M. Pollard, 
 " W. J. Wade, 
 " G. M. Clewly, 
 " W. Severance, 
 
 Sergeant E. C. Bickford, 
 Private A. G. Cleaves, 
 
 H. A. Gatchnell, 
 " O. F. Millette, 
 " James Speed, 
 
 H. M. Blaisdell, 
 " F. S. Rosenbeck, 
 H. H. Scribner, 
 
 Private James Carroll, 
 
 McTaggert, 
 
 " Dennis Mahoney, 
 
 H. L. Perkins, 
 " Thomas D. Rice, 
 
 Private W. J. Deveraux, 
 S. D. Gates, 
 Willard Luce, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 1 1 
 
 Died 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 " " Columbia 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Died 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 Private Joe Gressey, 
 " Stephen Russell, 
 
 Sergeant C. C. Drew, 
 Private John Jones, 
 " T. Welsh, 
 
 Private J. Sanger, 
 Private Duel Martin, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Died 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
164 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Sergeant A. R. Morrison, 
 
 Corporal A. H. Brown, 
 Private Augustus Crosby, 
 " Atwood Crosby, 
 " C. A. Henrickson, 
 " T. Morgan, 
 A. B. Foss, 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY II. 
 
 Private M. Foss, 
 M. Tabor, 
 Albert C. Ballard, 
 J. F. Goodwin, 
 
 - Pillsbury, 
 " L. Ballard, 
 " T. W. Morrow, 
 
 Charles H. Preston, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Private Charles H. Burden, 
 
 FOURTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Died 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Hospital Steward, Charles S. McCobb, 
 Hospital Nurse, C. F. Perry, 
 
 Private G. W. Sylvester, 
 S. Sylvester, 
 W. Ellis, 
 
 Private Charles O. Farland, 
 
 H. B. Story, 
 " Lafayette Richards, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 First Lieutenant T. B. Glover, 
 Private Dennis Cannon, 
 S. B. Gowen, 
 
 Exchanged 
 Died 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 44 li II 14 
 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Released 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Died 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private F. J. Stetson, 
 " M. L. Woodcock, 
 
 Private J. Gray, 
 
 H. R. Haskell, 
 
 " George Stratto, 
 
 Sergeant A. Robertson, 
 
 F. W. Hall, 
 Private William Packard, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Charles H. Burd, 
 Private R. G. Bickford, 
 " II. A. Colagin, 
 H. Delano, 
 E. J. Barlow, 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Private C. R. Brookins, 
 
 F. Shaw, 
 " Josiah Marston, 
 
 COMPANY II. 
 
 Private G. W. Anderson, 
 " G. W. Cunningham, 
 " M. Jackson, 
 
 J. Trim, 
 
 " Jonathan Knight, 
 H. B. Washburn, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Private Frank Forges, 
 " G. W. D welly, 
 " R. Trevatt, 
 " D. Mathews, 
 E. Maddox, 
 
 ,6s 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Died 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 " " Columbia 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 " " Alabama 
 
 " " Columbia 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Hospital Steward H. Buzzell, 
 " " W. S. Noyes, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Exchanged 
 
166 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Wagoner M. Kellej, 
 Murker J. M. Hoyt, 
 
 Private G. Rogers, 
 Private L. F. Winslow, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 First Lieutenant George B. Kenniston, 
 Corporal E. P. Blandell, 
 Private J. Willis, 
 
 L. Hassett, 
 " John Comly, 
 W. Hamlin, 
 
 Private W. G. Robinson, 
 
 Private A. Johnson, 
 T. Lougan, 
 I. Polleys, 
 
 Private E. C. Covell, 
 " W. Richardson, 
 " E. L. Clark, 
 
 Corporal R. B. Kendall, 
 
 " Crawford Dunn, 
 Private P. Horan, 
 H. Pratt, 
 " W. H. White, 
 
 Private A. Bryant, 
 " F. Brown, 
 " E. M. Goodwin, 
 " F. Haskell, 
 L. W. Tolc, 
 D. B. Wood, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY PI, 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 " New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent home 
 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " " Charleston 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 i6 7 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private S. W. Hewitt, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 NEW HAMPSHIRE. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private T. S. Heaton, 
 " J. F. Wheeler, 
 " Charles W. Sebastion, 
 " D. Jaquith, 
 
 COMPANY 13. 
 
 Corporal Thomas E. Baker, 
 
 D. C. Haynes, 
 Waiter J. C. Emerson, 
 Private John L. Fitts, 
 " H. Moore, 
 H. Perry, 
 " George Clay, 
 
 Private John A. Baker, 
 " John Davis, 
 D. Martin, 
 F. Tucker, 
 " Josiah Burley, 
 " T. A. Emerson, 
 " F. Wetherby, 
 
 Sergeant J. Hall, 
 
 Private A. D. Leathers, 
 " A. T. Kidder, 
 " Charles L. Jones, 
 11 W. Holden, 
 " H. H. Emerson, 
 " H. West, 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Died 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 home 
 
 Tuscaloosa 
 Died 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 Alabama 
 
1 68 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Fifer J. R. Morse, 
 Private L. W. Colbath, 
 S. M. Heath, 
 
 Private G. W. Dow, 
 
 " R. F. Stephenson, 
 " C. Stevens, 
 
 Private A. B. Bailey, 
 " Nelson Herd, 
 
 Private H.. Allen, 
 
 11 S. M. Joy, 
 
 " J. H. Whiteman, 
 L. Wallsrode, 
 G. A. Grout, 
 
 W. H. Walker, 
 
 Private J. H. Barry, 
 
 " A. B. Robertson, 
 " A. L. Hall, 
 " M. Eastman, 
 R. F. Stevens, 
 
 Private O. L. Allen, 
 
 Charles Ridge, 
 
 " George Sawyer, 
 L. Allen, 
 
 David S. Brooks, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 NO COMPANY GIVEN. 
 
 Captain L. Holmes, 
 Private W. F. Oxford, 
 
 Charles H. Chase, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 " " Alabama 
 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " " Columbia 
 
 Left at Richmond 
 
 Died 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Tuscaloosa 
 Columbia 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Columbia 
 Died 
 
 Sent home 
 Died 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 
 
 i6 9 
 
 Corporal A. C. Bowers, 
 
 Private George Boutwell, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 VERMONT. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT, INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Corporal W. E. Murphy, 
 Private A. J. Noyes, 
 " 0. A. Lowe, 
 " John Gowing, 
 
 Private H. L. Breckenreed, 
 " W. Gifford, 
 " J. Bolton, 
 
 Corporal C. B. Rice, 
 Private A. L. Graves, 
 P. A. Streeter, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 a 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 Died 
 
 Exchanged 
 ii 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Exchanged 
 
 Private J. C. Goodell, 
 " A. H. Robinson. 
 " J. R. Wheeler, 
 " M. Pratt, 
 
 Private J. Murray, 
 
 D. K. Stickney, 
 
 " E. N. Kables, 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 ii < ; it n 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent home 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 < t 
 
 Died 
 
 n 
 
170 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Teamster W. O. Brown, 
 Private G. A. Martin, 
 
 Fifer B. Taylor, 
 
 Captain J. J. Drew, 
 Corporal T. Redmond, 
 Private B. Martin, 
 
 Fifer C. H. Lewis, 
 Private A. W. Paris, 
 
 " W. A. Woodbury, 
 
 " George Streeter, 
 
 Private John Leonard, 
 " Nathan Rose, 
 
 Private E. Grinnell, 
 Engineer R. Flynn, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY II. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 " " Charleston 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Left at Richmond 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Died 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 MASSACHUSETTS. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private J. R. Haywood, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private W. Whitcomb, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private S. T. Long, Sent to Alabama 
 
 COMPANY *G. 
 
 Sergeant W. A. Searls, Sent to Alabama 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private E. K. Stinson, 
 " M. Desmond, 
 " G. T. Moore, 
 
 Edward Field, 
 " C. G. Fuller, 
 
 Private Geo. W. Grav, 
 
 i7i 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 U II 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 Exchanged 
 Exchanged 
 
 Private Lyman Adams, 
 " James Alexander, 
 
 Private H. V. Corning, 
 
 Teamster H. Martin, 
 
 Private J. H. Griggs, 
 " F. L. Tibbett, 
 
 Private H. L. Wheeler, 
 " E. S. Wheeler, 
 
 Private H. F. Briggs, 
 " S. A. Gate, 
 
 Private Edward Forster, 
 
 Private E. J. Williams, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 4 
 
 FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Sent to North Fairgrounds 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Exchanged 
 
172 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Sergeant C. Hosmer, 
 Private W. C. Bates, 
 " B. McSweenej, 
 
 C. Woodwell, 
 " J. A. Shaw, 
 
 D. Patch, 
 
 " Martin Ohyer, 
 
 Private William Shanley, 
 " D. Blanchard, 
 
 Sergeant G. W. Aborn, 
 Private D. W. Dow, 
 " Isaac Lowe, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Sergeant G. F. Childs, 
 
 W. S. Rice, 
 
 " Samuel E. Chandler, 
 
 Private Charles Ainger, 
 C. Babcock, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 " : Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private Thomas Ives, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Corporal William Vogedy, 
 " Samuel Murphy, 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Musician A. Thompson, 
 
 Private J. Kilduff, 
 
 " Michael Diggen, 
 " J. F. Craff, 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 7.J 
 
 Private John McGlinn, 
 " A. E. Farmer, 
 
 Private Hugh Gillen, 
 
 Private T. Spamer, 
 " F. Fannigan, 
 " Edward Foster, 
 " J. Haberer, 
 " James Thomas, 
 
 Private John McCarty, 
 " M. Hughes, 
 " Charles H. Hewett, 
 
 Teamster H. Stone, 
 Private Robert Thornton, 
 " F. Donovan, 
 " Joseph Birch, 
 " J. W. B. Lippman, 
 " James Rigby, 
 
 Corporal W. Kerr, 
 Private G. W. Dorr, 
 
 " James French, 
 " James Sheiden, 
 " E. Haynes, 
 " I. Mitchell, 
 " John Wheelan, 
 M. Conant, 
 John Blakely, 
 
 Sergeant A. Bradshaw, 
 
 Private J. Kilroy, 
 
 F. L. Clark, 
 " Thomas James, 
 " W, K. Edgar, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Sent home 
 Died 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 (i 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 
174 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Second Lieutenant G. W. CalefT, Sent to Charleston 
 
 Private S. Willey, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 George B. Wade, " " " 
 
 " Charles Knowlton, " " " " 
 
 H. C. Jacobs, 
 
 " R. Warren, Sent to Alabama 
 
 " R. L Newell, 
 " S. Weld, Died 
 
 William Mansfield, Exchanged 
 
 " J. N. Clark, 
 
 D. Blanchard, 
 
 G. D. Torey, 
 " W. Edes, 
 
 FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Captain George W. Rockwood, Sent to County Jail 
 
 Sergeant C. A. Lamb, Died 
 
 Corporal J. M. Robins, Left in Richmond 
 
 Private J. Roach, 
 " J. Sullivan, 
 H. Danson, 
 
 " L. S. Atgood, " 
 
 C. G. Moss, 
 
 A. A. Pelton, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 S. M. Frost, 
 
 " G. H. Watson, " " 
 
 " A. Johnson, 
 
 " John W. Kingsbury, " " " 
 
 " M. L. Nutting, 
 " George Wood, 
 " C. H. Wilder, 
 " W. B. Whitney, 
 " T. May, 
 * G. F. Newton, " " Alabama 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Captain C. S. Simmonds, Released 
 
 Private Albert Litchfield, Exchanged 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 17^ 
 
 PrivateJ. H. Pritchard, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 " J. L. Moody, " 
 
 " William Maynard, 
 
 " George K. Gilchrist, " >< 
 
 " J. Preitt, Left in Richmond 
 
 " L. W. Stone, 
 
 C. A. Stevens, " 
 
 C.J.Eaton, 
 
 H. F. Whitmore, " 
 
 " G. C. Hosmer, " < 
 
 " H. I. Hosmer, * t< 
 
 " I. E. Morse, * 
 " T. May, 
 
 " W. W. Holman, 
 
 " N. P. Howard, * . 
 " J. B. Burns, 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Captain Henry Bowman, Sent to County Jail 
 
 First Lieutenant J. C. Green, Left in Richmond 
 
 Orderly Sergeant W. A. Cook, Exchanged 
 
 Sergeant Felix Fagan, Left in Richmond 
 
 " A. Fuller, 
 
 " Robert Crawford, 
 
 Corporal J. D. Brigham, 
 
 " J. A. Bonney, ^ < 4 
 
 A. H. Putman, <t 
 
 D. O. Wallace, < 4 
 
 J. Hodgkins, u 
 
 George W. Dell, < < ( 
 
 Private J. A. Hamilton, (( 
 
 " J. O. Howard, . 44 
 
 " A. S. Jaquith, * <t 
 
 " C. A. Kenney, < 44 
 
 " R. K. Cooper, <t t< 
 
 " H. Greenwood, ( t 
 
 " G. W. B. Sawyer, .1 c 
 
 " W. A. Taylor, 
 
 " Moses Beaman, < < 
 
 Henry J. Rigg, ,, 
 
 " Thomas B. Rose, 
 
 " Thomas A. Woodward, Died 
 
 " J R Chanery, Sent to Salisbury 
 
176 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private H. E. Eagerly, 
 " John Smith, 
 " Arthur Donnelly, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Captain J. M. Studley, 
 Sergeant L. D. Gottard, 
 
 " G. G. Noyes, 
 Corporal C. N. Smith, 
 Private Alfred F. Smith, 
 
 J. B. Taylor, 
 " B. J. Thompson, 
 " Daniel Jamison, 
 " J. E. White, 
 " Charles Bemis, 
 " H. Bemis, 
 " Anthony Earle, 
 
 J. Daniel, 
 " John Day, 
 
 John H. Devall, 
 
 Charles W. Upham, 
 " T. J. Hastings, 
 
 H. Huffton, 
 " H. Henery, 
 
 H. Weixler, 
 
 H. Fuller, 
 
 W. H. Ford, 
 " F. A. Geissler, 
 " C. B. Benzy, 
 " W. Alger, 
 " W. H. Andrews, 
 " C. H. Adams, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Lieutenant B. B. Vassall, 
 Corporal Patrick Moore, 
 
 " J. M. Norcross, 
 O. M. Mclntire, 
 
 " O. M. Moyneham, 
 
 " E. F. McKenzie, 
 Private W. H. Amidon, 
 
 " John Ackerdy, 
 
 Thomas M. Dockham, 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 ^Released 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 a it a 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Died 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private James Duffee, 
 " W.M.Davis, 
 " G. B. Davis, 
 
 W. H. Emerson, 
 " L. Fipps, 
 " Patrick Fagan, 
 " Daniel Cobb, 
 
 D. F. Rindge, 
 " J. C. Fellows, 
 " Otis Cobin, 
 " Thomas Conroj 
 
 W. Conroj, 
 
 B. Smith, 
 
 " Nathaniel Vial, 
 " Joseph H. Williams, 
 
 17-7 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Corporal C. A. Doane, 
 
 D. W. Knight, 
 Private J. A. Howard, 
 
 C. M. Dilland, 
 " G. C. Mann, 
 " C. H. Bartlett, 
 " w - H - Nichol, 
 " W. H. Belcher, 
 
 H. A. Omsbj, 
 " W. L. Adams, 
 
 A. H. Foster, 
 " S. H. Blackmers, 
 
 R. Preston, 
 J. H. Pryor, 
 
 David Rickey, 
 
 H. Slayton, 
 " H. Vibart, 
 " J ames Nichols, 
 " Artemas D. Ward, 
 " J. H. Belcher, 
 
 H. C. Allbee, 
 " W. H. H. BroAver, 
 " T. H. Banister, 
 4< E. A. Rice, 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Left i n Richmond 
 
 Sent to Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
1 7 8 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Sergeant J. P. Stone, 
 Corporal George Davis, 
 " Charles Davis, 
 
 G. W. Wingate, 
 Private H. O. Adams, 
 
 J. llowith, 
 " M. Dugan, 
 " C. L. Hill, 
 " W. T. Moore, 
 " Samuel E. Osland, 
 
 S. Griffin, 
 
 " Thomas Glacken, 
 " E. S. Livermore, 
 " C. L. Carwell, 
 " L. D. Ball, 
 S. Bonner, 
 C. H. Rockwood, 
 " R. A. Ellis, 
 " Samuel McCurdy, 
 " A. W. Fairbanks, 
 
 Private J. S. Williams, 
 
 " Thomas Horn, 
 
 " J. Howarth, 
 
 " E. H. Hewit, 
 
 " R. II. Gardner, 
 
 " D. McKeown, 
 
 " John Clancy, 
 
 " P. F. Underwood, 
 
 " Patrick Coyle, 
 
 John W. Foster, 
 
 Corporal E. L. Parmenter, 
 Private W. H. Palmer, 
 H. Rasick, 
 " II. J. Raymond, 
 " Hiram Ward, 
 " Joseph Sendback, 
 " James Stephens, 
 * R. Thayer, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Died 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 ( ( I < 
 
 Exchanged 
 Left in Richmond 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 179 
 
 * 
 
 Private John Healy, , Left in Richmond 
 
 " Patrick Healy, 
 
 S. Hatfield, 
 
 S. Kelley, 
 " J. Holland, 
 " Benjamin Taft, 
 " Thomas O Connor, 
 
 V. Negs, 
 
 Henry Groh, 
 
 W. F. Converse, 
 " L. H. Cumings, 
 " Thomas Cassidy, 
 
 H. H. Clapp, 
 
 W. M. Bosworth, 
 " Henry Butler, " " " 
 
 P. Barlow, " " 
 
 " Daniel Lewis, Exchanged 
 
 " R. E. Corrin, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Second Lieutenant J. H. Hooper, Left in Richmond 
 
 Sergeant W. H. Freimann, " " 
 Private Charles Garrinidge, 
 
 C. W. Brandt, 
 " W. H. Burham, 
 
 : A. Peacock, " " " 
 
 " Henry Ford, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 " A. Fitzsimons, Left in Richmond 
 
 " D. Farrar, " " " 
 
 R. Hickson, " " 
 
 Patrick McGahey, " " 
 
 M. McBride, 
 
 Edward Olney, 
 
 " Augustus Groebitz, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 M. McKinsey, " " 
 
 SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private A. L. Hartwell, Sent to North Fairground 
 
i8o 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel W. Raymond Lee, 
 Adjutant Charles Pearson, 
 Major Paul J. Revere, 
 Assistant Surgeon E. H. Revere, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Sergeant R. W. Weston, 
 Private A. Brown, 
 
 " Thomas Donnison, 
 " James Divine, 
 " Thomas Hartford, 
 " Gilbert Gressy, 
 
 F. E. Hatch, 
 " Jeremiah Healy, 
 " Daniel Murphy, 
 
 V. Rawlins, 
 " W. H. Smith, 
 " Henry Heath, 
 
 H. Shaw, 
 " Timothy Toursey, 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Sergeant Fred Will, 
 Corporal J. J. Goulding, 
 
 H. Vogel, 
 
 Private John Quimby, 
 J. Schlecer, 
 
 " F. Mint, 
 
 " Christopher Moegle, 
 William Lank, 
 
 " Jacob Wipfel, 
 
 " Francis Zanner, 
 
 " John Rhoeh 
 
 " Albert Rice, 
 
 " Fred Robert, 
 
 " James Russell, 
 
 " Fred Hill, 
 
 " C. H. Halbert, 
 
 " Joseph Heim, 
 
 " J. B. Hays, 
 
 Sent to County Jail 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to County Jail 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Sent to Richmond 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 a ti 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private William Fox, 
 
 Charles Christalj, 
 Daniel Griffin, 
 
 Lieutenant G. B. Perry, 
 
 Sergeant R. H. L. Talcott, 
 " James Cogans, 
 
 H. A. Derry, 
 " S. R. Reaves, 
 
 Corporal Richard Hawkins, 
 " Charles J. Curtis, 
 
 Private Alexander Aiken, 
 
 Richard Duffin, 
 " J. W. Dupee, 
 " John Baxter, 
 " W. Irvine, 
 " George Lucas, 
 " J. H. Place, 
 " W. O. Reed, 
 " John Rumble, 
 
 C. McQuestion, 
 " A. H. Partridge, 
 
 James Tetter, 
 " William Graham, 
 " James Smith, 
 " George Schuster, 
 " Hugh O Hawan, 
 " W. H. Sinster, 
 " James Felter, 
 " Lewis Dunn, 
 " John Murphy, 
 
 Sergeant D. W. Johnson, 
 " E. Eickenston, 
 " George Smith, 
 
 Private Andrew Ragan, 
 " G. Smith, 
 " Patrick Dougherty, 
 " W. Thompson, 
 " Cornelius Leary, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 181 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Released 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Dead 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Exchanged 
 
 ( 4 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
I 82 
 
 RICHMOND PRISON S 
 
 Private A. Johnson, 
 " George Bretton, 
 
 Private J. R. Nichols, 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant E. A. Mellen, 
 Corporal R. Harlow, 
 Private John Nevin, 
 
 " Thomas Chapman, 
 
 " E. D. Chase, 
 
 " F. S. Allen, 
 
 " John Powers, 
 
 Patrick Quinell, 
 
 " Edward Barry, 
 
 " George W. Lewis, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Sergeant W. R. Reed, 
 
 " Thomas Armstrong, 
 J. H. Alley, 
 H. Allbright, 
 M. Alley, 
 
 Private Thomas F. Mack, 
 " James Clarke, 
 
 John W. Corbett, 
 " Daniel Woodward, 
 " J. Flosom, 
 " Daniel Farley, 
 " John Flinn, 
 " Charles Foster, 
 " H. A. Fairbanks, 
 " W. Powers, 
 
 T. C. Richards, 
 " J. D. Runney, 
 
 Charles O. Newell, 
 W. Duffee, 
 Timothy Hart, 
 " John Hirst, 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Exchanged 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Sergeant Thomas J. Ponsland, 
 
 Private E. V. Skinner, 
 " A. J. Laverty, 
 " Samuel Lowell, 
 
 J. S. Barker, 
 " W. F. Hill, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 
 
 Private Thomas Kelley, 
 " L. H. Kelley, 
 
 Private M. V. Kempton, 
 
 " Albert Kelley, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 Exchanged 
 
 BATTERY. 
 
 Private Augustus Blaney, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 SCHOONER UNION. 
 
 Sailor John Lawrence, 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 SHIP JARVIS. 
 
 Sailor John Albrecht, 
 
 Died 
 
1 84 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 RHODE ISLAND. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT, VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Quartermaster W. L. Bowers, 
 
 Private A. M. Bowen, 
 " Albert Pennott, 
 
 Private D. W. Barnes, 
 
 John Clark, 
 " A. Haskins, 
 
 Private C. D. Smith, 
 " W. W. Snow, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 First Lieutenant L. R. Knight, 
 Corporal A. S. Shirtleff, 
 Private A. J. White, 
 " L. D. Jenks, 
 
 Private A. P. Bashford, 
 S. W. King, 
 " S. B. Simmonds, 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Died 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent home 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Died 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Private W. Hannon, 
 J. Pollard, 
 " H. D. Perkins, 
 " James Seaman, 
 " Ed. Holmes, 
 H. Stafford, 
 
 Sent to North Fairground 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Private Alfred B. Waldron, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 I8 5 
 
 Private John F. Tra.sk, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private F. Jacobs, 
 
 Captain W. L. Bowers, (no company given) 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Musician L. King, 
 
 W. B. Ryan, 
 Forage Master G. A. Stitson. 
 
 Private A. S. Maddison, 
 
 Private Michael Monohue 
 
 D. G. Shippy, 
 " H. Jacques, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 First Lieutenant W. H. Clark, 
 Corporal J. B. Burt, 
 Private Charles Bean, 
 
 " William Crossley, 
 
 " J. M. McCabe, 
 
 " J. B. Smith, 
 J. M. Cobb, 
 
 Private W. Aborn, 
 
 " George Athwood, 
 " L. A. Bessee, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Second Lieutenant J. M. Church, 
 Private Isaac Rodman, 
 " John Clark, 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Died 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Died 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Died 
 
 Exchanged 
 24 
 
1 86 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Sergeant Frank Jeffrey, 
 L. F. Rogers, 
 Private John Newell, 
 
 E. C. Rounds, 
 " A. F. Smith, 
 J. C. Barnes, 
 
 Private D. Lake, 
 
 J. F. Wilkinson, 
 
 Corporal Alonzo Bradford, 
 
 " F. Greene, 
 Private Thomas W. May, 
 
 Private G. W. Farnun, 
 " B. Baily, 
 " Hugh Healey, 
 
 Corporal D. C. Sullivan, 
 Private J. McCabe, 
 11 J. Broy, 
 
 H. F. Hines, 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 i ( i it 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent home 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT VOLUNTEERS. 
 
 Private Charles Cornell, 
 W. F. Matterson, 
 
 Private L. C. Olney, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 SECOND LIGHT BATTERY. 
 
 Private Joshua Brown, 
 " H. Goldsmith, 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
Private J. Brooks, 
 
 Private Oliver Lewis, 
 
 C. Rodman, 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 THIRD LIGHT BATTERY. 
 
 ROCKETT S BATTERY. 
 
 CITIZEN. 
 
 CONNECTICUT, 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 Driver F. Seack, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private B. Sanger, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 First Lieutenant Charles Walter, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Waiter Isaac Jennings, 
 Private A. H. Hudinott, 
 
 ,8 7 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 Exchanged 
 
 Private A. Biglow, 
 
 Private H. Judson, 
 
 Chaplain H. Eddy, 
 
 Corporal W. E. Rich, 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 < U M it 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
1 88 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Corporal J. B. Jennings, 
 Private J. F. Wilkinson, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private Charles A. Murray, 
 
 Private M. Harvey, 
 
 Charles W. Payne, 
 
 Private S. A. Cooper, 
 
 Private E. Lamb, 
 
 Private James McCauley, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G, 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 Surgeon John McGregor, 
 
 Private S. T. Johnson, 
 George Weed, 
 
 Corporal W. R. Moulton, 
 
 Private L. M. Killbird, 
 
 Private E. B. Arnold, 
 " J. D. Gilmore, 
 " Joseph Paight, 
 " John McManus, 
 " John F. Fancher, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Tusacloosa 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 189 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Private D. Conner, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Private W. Schlein, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Private A. E. Bronson, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " A. L. Benedict, Sent to Alabama 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private C. E. Galpin, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " J. Kennedy, 
 " G. O Brien, Left in Richmond 
 
 NEW YORK. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private Jesse Jackson, Left in Richmond 
 
 " John Ayer, " " 
 
 " A. J. Nichols, Exchanged 
 
 " John Hare, " 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private Dennis Gleason, Sent to North Fairground 
 
 " John Gorman, . Sent to North Carolina 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private S. Kinlock. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Private John Telega, Sent to North Fairground 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 Teamster A. Howard, Sent to Salisbury 
 
190 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Samuel Irwin, 
 Sergeant F. II . Kenney, 
 Private John McFarland, 
 " A. Foley, (Nurse) 
 " John Ingraharn, 
 
 E. L. March, 
 
 D. McCurdy, 
 
 Robert Earle, 
 " John Monroe, 
 " M. Mount, 
 
 P. G. McGowen, 
 
 T. Reynolds, 
 
 Jacob Blauvett, 
 " J. E. Dolanson, 
 " Charles Ingalls, 
 
 William Kerr, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private H. W. Straud, 
 
 " A. R. Laport, 
 
 " Charles S. Morris, 
 
 " Walter Ilutchings, 
 
 Private A. Merrow, 
 
 " James Pratt, 
 
 Private D. Mooney, 
 " P. McCormack, 
 " J. Murphy, 
 " Robert Tape, 
 " J. McFarland, 
 " Thomas Brookins, 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Sergeant W. II. Wilson, 
 
 D. McNalty, 
 
 Private Charles Vanderhoff, 
 " J. McGuire, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 ( ( t I II 4 ( 
 
 Sent home 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Sergeant J. McTirenon, 
 Corporal W. A. Tucker, 
 Private George Mason, 
 
 G. W. Isham, 
 " John Crigean, 
 
 II. W. Conro, 
 
 COMPANY II. 
 
 Second Lieutenant J. W. Dempsey, 
 Corporal Thomas C. Ireson, 
 Private W. Lord, 
 
 S. L. Hurd, 
 " George Beetman, 
 L. Farley, 
 William Maxwell, 
 II. Tibbetts, 
 " P. Garneaux, 
 " John Ingraham, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Private George W. Ashley, 
 " William Savage, 
 " Leon Levarey, 
 " L. F. Meagher, 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Sergeant W. H. Connelly, 
 Corporal C. I. Marshall, 
 Private John W. Leonhard, 
 
 S. Graves, 
 
 " A. Howard, (Teamster) 
 John Paton, (Hostler) 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 , Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 a u a < 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 
 
 <( 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 n a 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 Surgeon Alfred Powellj 
 
 Private Horace Hunter, 
 " Martin Ritchie, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Dead 
 Exchanged 
 
192 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 FOURTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private Robert Earle, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Lieutenant s son, Charles Smith, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Captain Thomas Wilkeson, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Released 
 
 SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Private Jotham Krischke, 
 " George Weiland, 
 
 Private Charles Ruhlam, 
 
 Private J. J. Lucas, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 EIGHTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Sergeant B. L. Blanch, 
 Private O. II. Swift, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Corporal E. Pinto, 
 Private Charles E. Venables, 
 R. H. Shafts, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Captain M. Griffin, 
 Private G. Beeny, 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent home 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Sent home 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 193 
 
 Private W. A. Green, 
 R. Linen, 
 John Clune, 
 
 Private James Denny, 
 
 COMPANIES F & G. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 
 Exchanged 
 Exchanged 
 
 NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Corporal J. H. Tuttle, 
 
 Private J. V. H. Page, 
 
 " T. S. Rowan, 
 
 " J- R. Havens, 
 
 Corporal G. Edward, 
 Private W. H. Edsall, 
 
 Private Frank Trotter, 
 
 Private John Reith, 
 
 CONPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Chaplain G. W. Dodge, 
 Hospital Steward, H. L. Perrin, 
 Hospital Nurse, John Furgerson, 
 Corporal Color Guard J. W. Cumesky, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sergeant A. O. Alcock, Sent to Charleston 
 
 Private Richard Gleason, (Murdered by a Sentinel) Dead 
 
 " G. Fosdick, Exchanged 
 
 " Henry Harrison, Sent to Tuscaloosa. 
 
 25 
 
194 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Sergeant R. Brown, 
 Private Richard Baker, 
 
 " B. Carmody, (Nurse) 
 L. F. Vanhorn, 
 
 " McGeehan, 
 
 " . V. Schaltz, 
 
 Ed Schuller, 
 " J. Maloney, 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private W. G. Bishop, 
 " A. Tervilige, 
 
 J. H. Taylor, 
 " Duncan Richmond, 
 
 W. M. Stephenson, 
 " W. Stephenson, 
 
 E. Sandell, 
 " Patrick Finn, 
 " John Merrish, 
 
 Ira Wilson, 
 " John Stacy, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Captain J. H. Downey, 
 Private J. F. Taylor, 
 
 W. Noll, 
 
 " John Forlow, 
 John McGrath, 
 George R. Smith, 
 " Robert Kelley, 
 
 Private G. McCorn, 
 
 F. N. Wilkins, 
 
 G. H. Bowers, 
 " John Dunn, 
 
 " L. McManus, 
 L. H. Metcalf, 
 A. Holland, 
 C. E. Rodgers, 
 
 " J. T. Butler, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 K t ( ( ( 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent home 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 < 
 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private W. Imms, 
 E. A. Reed, 
 
 Captain L. Gooden, 
 Sergeant W. H. Wilson, 
 " John Campbell, 
 Corporal W. F. Wilson, 
 Private Alfred Flostroj, 
 " William Girvan, 
 P. B. Gerraghy, 
 J. J. Weir, 
 " J. Hopkins, 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Lieutenant A. M. Underbill, 
 Private T. Gotschling, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Private Ed. Walker, 
 
 " William Morrison, 
 
 C. W. Anderson, 
 " John Shea, 
 W. Bragdon, 
 Pat. Connely, 
 " James McGlinn, 
 " R. Cunningham, 
 
 C. Vanes, 
 " John Moran, 
 W. Heath, 
 W. H. Clark, 
 
 Sergeant J. M. Leary, 
 
 Private T. Barry, 
 C. Geard, 
 P. Cook, 
 David Smald, 
 " Soloman Tyack, 
 
 Private M. Strembel, 
 " J. Morgan, 
 
 COMPANY 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 95 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Sent home 
 
 14 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 n 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 ; t 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Columbia. 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 " << n 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 n n 
 
 Exchanged 
 
196 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private James McGarr, 
 John R. Decker, 
 Thomas Carroll, 
 
 NO REGIMENT GIVEN. 
 
 Private H. P. Hale, 
 H. Smith, 
 B. Miller, 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 ii < t 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Dead 
 
 TWELFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Private Fred Darby, 
 
 Private H. O Brien, 
 
 " Charles Durand, 
 " W. Johnson, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Dead 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Private George Rosenberg, 
 
 Private R. C. Ketchum, 
 " J. Elbridge, 
 
 Private J. F. Warner, 
 
 G. W. Beilby, 
 
 " John Merrish, 
 
 Corporal J. J. Cavanaugh, 
 Private W. H. Joslyn, 
 " J. J. Brown, 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent home 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Private J. Conway, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 197 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private George Piggott, 
 " A. W. Pepper, 
 W. Piggott, 
 T. Reando, 
 H. J. Garbutt, 
 D. B. Aldrich, 
 J. Ballentine, 
 
 Private H. F. Blackman, 
 " O. S.Baldwin, 
 
 Private William Morrison, 
 44 Peter Kelley, 
 M. J. Billion, 
 " C. Vaness, 
 
 Private James Baird, 
 " John Streamer, 
 
 Private A. Raymond, 
 " James McGarr, 
 " W. Kelley, 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY II. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 NO COMPANY GIVEN". 
 
 Private John Williams, 
 " J. B. Nichols, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 it 4 i (( 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Dead 
 
 FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel A. M. Wood, (hostage) 
 Surgeon R. A. Goodenough, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Sergeant Charles Colley, 
 Private James Marfing, 
 J. Mack, 
 
 County Jail 
 Sent home 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
,9* 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private J. Keating, 
 " Michael Kellev, 
 
 Private R. Bold, 
 
 W. Dakin, 
 
 " W. Blvderburg, 
 
 H. Juckes, 
 
 Corporal A. B. Rowland, 
 Private G. Rallen, 
 
 A. Wolstencroft, 
 
 Charles Renouf, 
 " Alfred Copley, 
 
 W. W. DeWitt, 
 " J. H. Wiese, 
 
 J. F. Warner, 
 " J. Clark, 
 " L. Francis, 
 
 C. Tenevck, 
 
 Sergeant H. Holmes, 
 Private J. H. Degroff, 
 
 G. W. Dwenger, 
 " W. Van Horn, 
 
 F. J. Biarnes, 
 " William Reverez, 
 W. L. Mansfield, 
 H. Burgdorf, 
 J. H. McClung, 
 Augustus Ticknal, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to North Fairground 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 tt it tt tt 
 it (i tt it 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to Alabama 
 tt n 
 
 it it 
 
 COMPAXY D. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Sergeant H. N. Stenard, 
 Private M. H. Ten Ejck, 
 " P. McManus, 
 " Styles Middleton, 
 " Charles E. Davenport, 
 " L. Wiggens, 
 " Israel Millar, 
 " M. Stone, 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Dead 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 It ( 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 199 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private Dennis Morrow, 
 " H. Mindamus, 
 T. O Sullivan, 
 W. H. Baldwin, 
 W. F. Williamson, 
 41 Jacob Dietz, 
 " S. H. Richardson, 
 R. Adams, 
 H. Thiery, 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Corporal W. Steward, 
 Private M. Roser, 
 
 Ed Deagan, 
 " A. B. Smith, 
 
 Thomas McCluskev, 
 T. Graham, 
 S. Burr, 
 J. Gillin, 
 * Francis Lonerr, 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Dead 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to North Fairground 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 it it 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 <i ft ti 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 *t ft ft 
 
 Dead 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Second Lieutenant J. H. Grumman, 
 Sergeant John McNeil, 
 Private Theodore Rich, 
 
 Daniel McCemlev, 
 
 George Roller, 
 
 W. A. Ludden, 
 44 Nathaniel Lvon, 
 
 Clinton Pettit, 
 44 F. Richmond. 
 
 William Campbell, 
 
 E. Rich, 
 
 F. F. Linan, 
 John Jellj, 
 
 * G. W. Bliss, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 ti 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Private G. W. Bennett, 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
200 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 NO COMPANY GIVEN. 
 
 Corporal Charles R. Brescott, 
 Private J. A. Campbell, 
 " John Bradley, 
 
 Dead 
 
 FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Private John Steveman, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Private J. Eagan, 
 
 SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 EIGHTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sergeant H. B. Stall, 
 
 Private C. B. Potter, 
 " A. Crossier. 
 
 Private H. Howard, 
 
 Private Henry Hayden, 
 George House, 
 
 Private J. W. Browning, 
 
 Private Charles Shaw, 
 
 Private II. McKinley, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Exchanged 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 1 1 < i < < 
 
 Exchanged 
 Exchanged 
 Exchanged 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 NINTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Captain M. Webster, 
 Private Samuel Tobias, 
 
 201 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Dead 
 
 TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private J. J. O Connell, 
 
 Private Cornelius O Neil, 
 
 Private John H. Eise, 
 
 Private Aug. Schweizer, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private Fred Durand, 
 Private John Moore, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY I 
 
 Private P. H. Wheeler, Sent to Alabama 
 
 TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Lieutenant William Fay, 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 26 
 
2O2 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private A. B. Mitchell, Sent to Columbia 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Sergeant J. H. Jinks, Exchanged 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Sergeant W. A. Perry, Exchanged 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Private W. Hart, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private L. Briggs, Left in Richmond 
 
 " C. Wing, Sent to New Orleans 
 " Paul Winslow, 
 
 " Ephraim Hanks, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Corporal J. N. Norton, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Private A. Thalm, Sent to Alabama 
 
 " D.Jones, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Private William Sherry, Left in Richmond 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Corporal W. D. Gillie, Sent to Alabama 
 
 Private Thomas Smith, 
 
 " Charles Demarest, " " " 
 
 " Chamberlin, Exchanged 
 
 " Levi Barrett, Sent to Columbia 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private J. M. Simmonds, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 14 A. H. Carnall, Exchanged 
 
 " P. Stern, " 
 
ftfC HMO ND PRISONS 
 
 So) 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Sergeant E. M. Davis. 
 Private G. W. Dunn, 
 
 W. Baines, 
 " G. Butler, 
 
 C. F. Yenny, 
 " W. Vanalstine, 
 " F. Fanning, 
 
 J. Boyden, 
 " G. M. Andrews, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Corporal Charles B. Fairchild, 
 Private P. Flarity, 
 
 J. A. McCune, 
 W. Trail, 
 J. N. McAuley, 
 " J. Hogan, 
 " William Sampson, 
 " James Coon, 
 C. W. Platt. 
 
 Sergeant W. H. Merrill, 
 Private M. McGettrick, 
 
 Private R. H. Wright, 
 J. H. Yates, 
 Ed Watrous, 
 E. H. Warner, 
 
 " N. A. Carson, 
 L. Carley, 
 W. S. Vanoulken, 
 
 " Leonard Carby, 
 
 " John Kern, 
 
 Private Sol. Wood, 
 H. Hall, 
 A. H. Hunt, 
 " John Merritt, 
 " T, I. Briggs, 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Dead 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Exchanged 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to North Fairground 
 
 Sent to North Fairground 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
204 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private William Milehan, 
 " Edwin Bond, 
 A. M. Hunt, 
 " Joseph A. Butler, 
 G. W. Agord, 
 
 Private William Alpine, 
 
 H. P. Boyd, 
 " Charles H. Hunt, 
 William Welsh, 
 J. R. Stout, 
 W. Briggs, 
 
 Private G. Reading, 
 C. W. Barry, 
 F. D. Clarke, 
 " J. Andrews, 
 " Judson Oliver, 
 " Peter Thompson, 
 John W. Bishop, 
 J. Carandle, 
 " J- H. Murray, 
 " L. Powers, 
 " John Metzker, 
 J. T. Clague, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private C. E. Nash, 
 
 G. L. Mudge, 
 " V. Mudge, 
 " O. T. Jewett, 
 " H. Vandresser, 
 
 C. Tucker, 
 " J. C. Fowler, 
 " Charles A. Dwinnell, 
 " James Donohue, 
 
 H. H. Hess, 
 
 S. Wells, 
 
 Charles W. Tibbetts, 
 " J. R. Johnson, 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Dead 
 
 Sent home 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 (C (( i > t I 
 
 < t t < i( i . 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 14 I ( (I 
 
 II t I 
 
 Dead 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 . t It 4 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Dead 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 205 
 
 THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 
 
 Sergeant W. H. Webster, 
 
 Private Jeremiah Reddy, 
 R. Wheeler, 
 B. Eraser, 
 " G. Hooten, 
 
 Captain W. L. Lanning, 
 Private L. Hartegan, 
 
 Corporal Charles Ferdon, 
 
 W. B. White, 
 Private Cole Taunton, 
 " J. Stale, 
 
 K.M.Wright, 
 " P. Cummings, 
 
 G. A. Case, 
 " D. Conner, 
 " D. Morris, 
 
 A. Haltigan, 
 " H. Brown, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Lieutenant James M. Andrews, 
 Corporal Pat Coony, 
 Private Clarence Elms, 
 
 COMPANY O. 
 
 Private H. Stafford, 
 " T. Porter, 
 W. Peck, 
 " W. Porter, 
 
 Private L. Matten, 
 " W. Merrick, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
206 RICHMOND PRISON^ 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Corporal Vandergren, Left in Richmond 
 
 Private W. McCormick, " " 
 
 " H. Smith, " " 
 
 " A. Simmons, " " 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private H. J. Stikles, Left in Richmond 
 
 " N. Rowland, " 
 
 T. Riley, " " 
 James Morrison, 
 
 THIRTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private George S. Price, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 " Daniel Perry, " " " 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 " Abram Strauss, Sent to Alabama 
 
 THIRTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private George E. Price, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private Daniel Perry, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Captain Roswell A. Fish, Sent to Charlestown 
 
 THIRTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Corporal C. H. Kellogg, Sent to Alabama 
 
 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private H. H. Richmond, Sent to Alabama 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 207 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Private George Alberts, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Private D. Farrell, 
 
 THIRTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Private T. Murphy, 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Major J. W. Potter, [hostage] 
 Assistant Surgeon S. Griswold, 
 Quartermaster C. J. Murphy, 
 Hospital Steward W. H. Millette, 
 
 P. McGinn, 
 Nurse Fred Hoefer, 
 
 Captain Hugh McQuade, 
 Lieutenant J. C. Murphy, 
 Private C. Hydickel, 
 
 Private G. Robertson, 
 
 W. B. Robertson, 
 " F. Kelley, 
 " E. H. Kellogg, 
 " James H. Hart, 
 " Michael McGrane, 
 " L. Leonard, 
 " L. H. Williams, 
 " W. Wier, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private Albert Scharff, 
 " A. Ahor, 
 " T. Schnimelpfenning, 
 " Joseph Maier, 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 1 1 
 
 Escaped 
 Exchanged 
 
 Died 
 
 Escaped 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 << a n 
 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 
208 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private Patt McGinn, 
 " Fred Hoefer, 
 " John Hird, 
 " Augustus Cans, 
 " A. Kellen, 
 " A. Kleila, 
 
 Private T. C. Gould, 
 " M. Donahue, 
 " T. Kelsey, 
 " Charles Fairfield, 
 " John Tyler, 
 
 Private Charles Rudiger, 
 " Samuel Hart, 
 " Anthony Wilder, 
 " E. L. March, 
 " John O Brien, 
 
 Private William Foulding. 
 " William Dowling, 
 Private H. Hilliard, 
 
 T. B. Sheppard, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Lieutenant Thomas Hamblin, 
 Private B. Taylor, 
 
 " Edward Sweeney, 
 
 " Henry Hege, 
 
 " Thomas Murphy, 
 
 " F. Cosserly, 
 
 Private L. Willis, 
 
 " H. F. Dunnigan, 
 W. Ross, 
 
 Priyate B. Sweezy, 
 " E. C. Smith, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 " " Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 " home 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private Thomas Kerr, 
 " J. Jackson, 
 " S. Keer, 
 " Ed. Close, 
 
 T. V. Hamilton, 
 " Ed. Chevalier, 
 
 W. E. Straight, 
 " William Phelan, 
 " John Gumbalton, 
 " O. B. Hirley, 
 " W. H. Breese, 
 " Samuel Vander, 
 
 Private P. Waters, 
 " W. Summer, 
 
 William Hooper, 
 
 H. Van Emer, 
 " H. Vanernum, 
 
 J. A. Coburn, 
 
 W. Todd, 
 " J. McCormick, 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 FORTIETH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private James Lyon, 
 
 209 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 it C( 
 
 " " Tuscaloosa 
 
 nit <( 
 
 " * Alabama 
 
 11 it it 
 
 " " Columbia 
 
 Exchanged 
 ( 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 fi 
 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 FORTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY E, 
 
 Private Lewis Smith, 
 " J. Werkmeister, 
 
 FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 
 Colonel Milton Coggswell, (hostage) 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 First Lieutenant Samuel Giberson, 
 Corporal George Wiser, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 County Jail 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 27 
 
210 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Corporal Frank Hughes, 
 Private George Sykes, 
 " Thomas Dougan, 
 J. McCarty, 
 Ed. Cleary, 
 " Thomas James, 
 S. Dilman, 
 Ed. Flood, 
 " John Wilson, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 First Lieutenant Charles McPherson, 
 Private A. Waltz, 
 " C. Wighard, 
 " Michael Eagan, 
 " D. Danlin, 
 " A. Croser, 
 " John Moriarity, 
 
 W. B. May, 
 " James More, 
 " R. McMoneagle, 
 " J. McLaughlin, 
 " T. Donnigan, 
 " J. H. Dougherty, 
 " Charles Smythe, 
 " Fred Schueltz, 
 " Michael Donovan, 
 
 W. Strupp, 
 " D. D. Aulin, 
 " J. C. Calhoun, 
 " G. C. Snyder, 
 
 Pat Cahill, 
 " J. H. Simmons, 
 " John Craig, 
 
 W. Church, 
 
 A. Crossier, 
 
 W. J. Scott, 
 " Daniel Barrett, 
 
 C. Baker, 
 " John Nichols, 
 
 L. Peters, 
 " W. Jamison, 
 
 II. Pardie, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 21 1 
 
 Private George Hyde, Left in Richmond 
 
 J. Hacker, " " 
 
 " M. Hawkins, 
 
 C. Hicks, 
 
 " John McKenney, " " 
 
 John Gerrold, " " 
 
 " John Greeble, 
 
 " J. Gray, (alias Carl Bower) " " " 
 
 Carl Bowers, 
 H._Gilchrist, " " 
 
 F. Campbell, Exchanged 
 " J. Sullivan, 
 
 " Thomas Someryille, 
 
 " D. Thompson, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 P. Riley, " " 
 
 " Edward Lindsay, Released 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Captain Timothy O Meara, Sent to Alabama 
 
 Lieutenant Henry Van Voast, Left in Richmond 
 
 Sergeant Thomas Dobbins, 
 
 P. Lynch, 
 
 J. McConville, 
 Corporal E. McNilly, 
 Private J. Gerrin, 
 
 D. O Neil, " " 
 " M. McDonogh, 
 
 J. C. Joyce, 
 
 Owen McCabe, " " 
 
 G. Quinn, " " 
 C, McConville, 
 
 " Francis Grilly, " " " 
 
 " L. Souvey, 
 
 Edward Taaffer, 
 
 William Dunham, 
 " T. Murphy, 
 " O. McLaughlin, 
 " W. Mahoney, 
 
 P. McMara, 
 " M. Cunningham, 
 
 M. Collins, 
 
 F. Kiernan, 
 
 F. Kean, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private Thomas Wright, 
 
 Private Pat Flattery, 
 R. C. Adams, 
 " August Bauer, 
 " M. Linch, 
 
 W. Songster, 
 " Patrick Moore, 
 " J. S. Monahan, 
 " Michael Quinn, 
 " Michael Quinn, 
 
 J.Byron, 
 " S. Smith, 
 J. G. Smith, 
 Thomas McBoj, 
 " M. Doran, 
 B. J. Dolan, 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Lieutenant George H. Wallace, 
 Sergeant J. J. Monegan, 
 Corporal W. Bryne, 
 Private D. Mahoney, 
 " James McCabe, 
 W. Early, 
 Peter West, 
 W. J. Welsh, 
 B. Pegank, 
 W. Wallace, 
 " Augustus Bauer, 
 " J. Byron, 
 M. Cleary, 
 T. Corney, 
 D. Gallagher, 
 " P. McManus, 
 
 T. Murray, 
 " J. McGever, 
 " J. S. Monehan, 
 J. Neagle, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private R. Haney, 
 " D. Sullivan, 
 W. Hartung, 
 A. Heidenof, 
 " A. Schlissinger, 
 " E. Sullivan, 
 " M. Branon, 
 " M. Brannon, 
 
 213 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 It It 
 
 Exchanged 
 Dead 
 
 FORTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Corporal 
 
 Townsend, 
 
 Private F. Kean, 
 
 FORTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 COMPANY N. 
 
 Private W. Kilpatrick, 
 " G. Kollnirid, 
 " Joseph R. Koch, 
 " J. Kohlhund, 
 H. Kramer, 
 
 COMPANY P. 
 
 Private H. Kinlock, (istRegt. ) 
 
 FORTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Sergeant Otto Genson, 
 Corporal Louis Ehrharpt, 
 Private Joseph Kiersky, 
 " Charles Bierangle, 
 Reynolds Bedeley, 
 " Martin Buck, 
 Jacob Clay, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
2 14 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private Henry Kaiser, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 " Otto Karston, " " " 
 
 " Henry Schwarer, 
 " Michael Semmelberger, 
 
 Gutleff Vater, " " " . 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Baron Von Flaxenhousen, Deserted 
 
 FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private B. Mclntire, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 FORTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private Isaac Marston, Left in Richmond 
 
 SIXTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel Michael Corcoran, ( hostage ) Sent to Charleston 
 
 Color Sergeant J. Murphy, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Engineer J. Murphy, " " " 
 
 " P. R. Dunn, Exchanged 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private Thomas Brown, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " B. Reynolds, 
 " J. Gaffney, 
 A. Duffee, 
 " Thomas Montgomery, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Corporal William Fancett, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Private McGuiness, Sent to Alabama 
 
 A. Kerr, 
 D. Shorton, 
 
 " A. F. Casmody, (nurse) Sent to Charleston 
 
 " W. Joyce, Sent to New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 215 
 
 Private G. Nugent, 
 " William Moore, 
 
 J. McNiel, 
 " Peter Murphy, 
 McTague, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 t i It 4 i 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private Tim Carr, 
 W. Nuttey, 
 J. McCarick, 
 A. T. Lenner, 
 Patrick Blake, 
 " W. H. Cunningham, 
 " John Maloney, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 M. Coleman, 
 Thomas A. Theban, 
 Edward Shaughnessy, 
 Patrick Brennan, 
 John D. Jackson, 
 J. Costigan, 
 G. M. McKeon, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 First Lieutenant John Bagley, 
 
 Private B. Quinn, 
 
 " Michael Keating, 
 " James Ryan, 
 " George A. Bolton, 
 " Thomas Marten, 
 " John Mulroney, 
 " Jeremiah Peters, 
 " John Fitzgerald, 
 R. H. Fitchet, 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private J. Kane, 
 
 " O. Donohue, 
 Ed. Dalton, 
 M. G. Welsh, 
 D. O Nally, 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 a it 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 tt tt 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 1C I < it 
 
 tt it t < 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 ti a 
 
 Exchanged 
 
216 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Second Lieutenant James Gannon, 
 Corporal Michael Brennan 
 
 " George Donalson, 
 
 Private F. Dunbar, 
 
 " S. Connor, 
 
 " John Donnelj, 
 Patrick McGill, 
 Richard Wallace, 
 
 " Thomas McNichol, 
 
 " Thomas O Brian, 
 
 Captain J. Mclver, 
 Private J. Mosbuger, 
 E. McGrath, 
 A. T. Launa, 
 " E. Lyon, 
 " Thomas Herbert, 
 J. McGrath, 
 
 Private George Disney, 
 " A. Duffer, 
 
 C. King, 
 " J. Sullivan, 
 " John Carson, 
 " R. Dunn, 
 " J. H. Brown, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Second Lieutenant E. Conoly, 
 
 Private J. Kane, 
 
 " D. M. Cassidy, 
 " Thomas Hughes, 
 W. R. Lone, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 < < a n 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 tin ,t 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 (C 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 SEVENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Sergeant T. G. Wellman, 
 Private Alfred A. Hyde, 
 
 Sent home 
 Exchanged 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private Ed Coles. 
 
 " Charles Witpen. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Lieutenant F. E. Worcester, 
 
 Private D. B. Tompkins, 
 C. A. Paine, 
 
 Private Bushrod Vaughn, 
 
 Corporal J. P. Imly, 
 Private C. K. Pain, 
 
 J. W. Dickins, 
 W. Hanlon, 
 
 Private W. P. Demerast, 
 ,, Gorham Noble, 
 
 D. W. Whitacker, 
 " J. J. Lucas, 
 A. Garrick, 
 J. W. Stemler, 
 J. H. Sands, 
 J. W. Bowers, 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Lieutenant W. H, Raymore, 
 Private Thomas Daisey, 
 
 E. Thompkins, 
 
 E. Layon, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Sergeant H. Rockafellar, 
 Private George Green, 
 Private John Carson, 
 
 2I 7 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Sent home 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Escaped 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
218 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private W. R. Lane, 
 " D. M. Cassidy, 
 " Thomas Hughes, 
 " J. Kane, 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 a < 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 ENGINEER CORPS. 
 
 Private C. Cotter, 
 " P. Logne, 
 " Thomas, McGuire, 
 " Benjamin J. Bates, 
 " P. R. Dunn, 
 Ed. Sweeney, 
 J, Gayner, 
 " John Hussey, 
 
 Private James Reed, 
 
 A. H. Webster, 
 
 Private W. Mitchell, 
 
 " Stephen Crymble, 
 John Quiggs, 
 
 Private J. Hyland, 
 
 " H. F. Armstrong, 
 " J. McLeary, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 First Lieutenant Robert Campbell, 
 Private Robert Perry, 
 " Samuel Patterson, 
 William Black, 
 
 COMPANY 
 
 Captain - Schollinlaw, 
 
 H. McQuide, 
 Private Robert Davidson, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 < i n 
 
 Dead 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Sent to Alabama 
 <( 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Exchanged 
 Dead 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 219 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private Robert Burnes, 
 " James Laughland, 
 
 * FIRST COMPANY. 
 
 Corporal J. G. Kennedy, 
 
 E. Wetherell, 
 Private Robert Homer, 
 E. A. Bishop, 
 J. Scott, 
 R. McKine, 
 J. Muir, 
 D. Russell, 
 T. Thomas, 
 " Richard Brody, 
 
 W. W. Gage, 
 " William McLauren, 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Dead 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 SECOND COMPANY. 
 
 Sergeant James Reed, 
 
 " Thomas Denham, 
 Private Robert Stewart, 
 " James Haig, 
 
 Charles McDonald, 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 < i n n 
 
 Dead 
 
 THIRD COMPANY. 
 
 Private S. Scotts, 
 
 Charles S. Burns, 
 " Daniel Ware, 
 
 John Wait, 
 " Thomas Daisey, 
 " E. Thompkins, 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Sent home 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Private George Green, 
 G. W. Smith, 
 H. Rockfellor, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 1C <( 
 
 Sent home 
 
 *The following three Companies appear in the official record kept by the Confed 
 erate Government at the Prison and designated by Company number and not by 
 letter. 
 
220 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY I 
 
 Private M. R. Mould, 
 W. M. Smith, 
 
 Sent home 
 Dead 
 
 SEVENTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Captain William Manson, 
 Private T. H. Lowe, 
 " John Brady, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Captain J. A. Farrush, 
 First Lieutenant John Whyte, 
 Second Lieutenant J. Whipple, 
 Private James Carlisle, 
 
 COMPANY c. 
 
 Sergeant W. Fancille, 
 
 " John Padbury, 
 Private D. A. Thompson, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 First Lieutenant Walter Ives, 
 Private A. McArthur, 
 M. Brink, 
 
 * FOURTH COMPANY. 
 
 Orderly Sergeant A. Cradick, 
 Private R. Everett, 
 " Robert Jacobs, 
 
 FIFTH COMPANY 
 
 Corporal 
 
 McCartney, 
 
 Private John Emis, 
 T. Roy lance, 
 " J. Hoy ley, 
 
 A. W. Davis, 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Dead 
 
 Escaped 
 Exchanged 
 
 Paroled 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 < 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 *The following eight Companies appear in the official record kept by the Confed 
 erate Government at the Prison and designated by Company number and not by 
 latter. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 221 
 
 Private Thomas Holmes, 
 11 W. Vanhousen, 
 
 Sergeant W. Faucett, 
 Private A. McGregor, 
 
 SIXTH COMPANY. 
 
 SEVENTH COMPANY 
 
 Private R. Southerland, 
 " John Reynolds, 
 " J. Grunmage, 
 R. Wherry, 
 Charles L. Ware, 
 " Andrew Tweedy, 
 J. Guildersleeve, 
 
 EIGHTH COMPANY. 
 
 Private William Gray, 
 D. McQuatt, 
 R. Pollock, 
 D. H. Tryan, 
 " W. Stevenson, 
 William Black, 
 W. Hodge, 
 
 NINTH COMPANY. 
 
 Corporal George Beal, 
 
 " Thomas McDonald, 
 Private Joseph Banker, 
 " Thomas Sullivan, 
 Thomas Walker, 
 John Quigg, 
 " Andrew Tweedie, 
 
 Walter Dale, 
 " Jeremiah Collins, 
 Charles M. Neal, 
 " A. J. Carrigan, 
 
 TENTH COMPANY. 
 
 Corporal N. C. Buck, 
 
 Private J. Graham, 
 
 " John Beaumont, 
 
 " Thomas McCormick, 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Exchanged 
 
 Escaped 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent home 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Dead 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
222 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private George Morse, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " John Johnson, Exchanged 
 
 " James Colegan, 
 
 ELEVENTH COMPANY. 
 
 Corporal James McAvoy, Dead 
 
 DE KALB REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private Charles Miller, Sent to North Fairground 
 
 E. Meddo, Sent to Alabama 
 
 " R. Marseck, Exchanged 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Corporal Tillman, Left in Richmond 
 
 Private Henry Deihl, " " 
 
 FIRST ARTILLERY. 
 Sergeant J. H. H. Willis, Exchanged 
 
 LINCOLN CAVALRY. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private Lewis Miller, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 SICKLES BRIGADE. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Lieutenant Charles Van Gilsa, Discharged 
 
 WEST POINT BATTERY. 
 Private J. A. Howard, Sent to New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 223 
 
 NINTH ZOUAVES. 
 
 Sergeant Major, Sent to Alabama 
 
 UNION GUARD. 
 
 John Hart, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 CITIZENS. 
 
 Hon. Alfred Ely, Member of Congress, from Rochester, Exchanged 
 
 C. Huson, Jr., from Rochester, Died 
 
 P. Egenolf, " Exchanged 
 
 Stephen Hagadon, " Sent home 
 
 Carl Newman, Left in Richmond 
 
 NEW JERSEY. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 1 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private James Donnelly, Exchanged 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Corporal H. O. Bixby. Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Private D. Rodgers, Sent to Alabama 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private J. W. Encritt, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private William Clark, County Jail 
 
224 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT CAVALRY. 
 Private A. Chapman, Left in Richmond 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT CAVALRY. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Sergeant H. Walker, Left in Richmond 
 
 Corporal Isaac Burns, " 
 
 Private Robert Wright, 
 
 Philip Baugh, 
 " John Phillipps, 
 
 James A. Parcells, 
 " Samuel Sheppard, 
 " Andrew McFarland, 
 " James McLandon, 
 
 COMPANY M. 
 
 Sergeant J. B. Bryson, Left in Richmond 
 
 " J. M. Willis, 
 Corporal James Wing, 
 Private Frank Carr, . 
 
 " Patrick Sheehan, 
 
 " Charles Piper, 
 
 " William McDonald, Exchanged 
 
 " Hugh Moore, 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT INFANTRY. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Lieutenant D. S. Gordon, Sent to Charleston 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private J. D. Williams. Sent to New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private James Invin, 
 " Joshua Rue, 
 " Morris Humphreys, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Private J. Burritt, 
 
 SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 TENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Captain James A. Scott, 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Second Lieutenant J. B. Hutchinson, 
 Sergeant A. P. Rank, 
 
 " H. Edmonston, 
 Corporal C. Hess, 
 A. Ford, 
 W. P. Palmer, 
 Private A. Bedlyon, 
 W. Carver, 
 Fred Clink, 
 " M. Conohan, 
 
 J. Dupes, 
 " Samuel Day, 
 J. Dietrick, 
 C. Ernest, 
 A. H. Edwards, 
 " P. Farmer, 
 " J. Glennan, 
 " J. Haskins, 
 
 S. H. Hoffman, 
 " Nathaniel Hyte, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 29 
 
226 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private J. Jenkins, 
 
 Joseph Kelley, 
 T. E. Morgan, 
 
 " E. Morgan, 
 W. Roush, 
 G. W. Reynolds, 
 D. C. Siebart, 
 II. P. Sankey, 
 
 " A. Saylor, 
 
 " Joseph Thomas, 
 G. W. Threlkeld, 
 S. M. Tice, 
 G. W. West, 
 J. Williams, 
 J. Woolay, 
 J. Wilson, 
 G. W. Walter, 
 J. O. Burnes, 
 D. Baird, 
 W. J. Barger, 
 
 " L. Morris, 
 
 J. W. Marks, 
 
 " William Yeager, 
 T- A. Zettle, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Dead 
 
 SIXTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Corporal Thomas Flemming, 
 Private J. Ashelman, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 TWENTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Corporal Bcniah Pratt, 
 
 Private J. K. Pryor, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY N. 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 SIXTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 Private August Williams, 
 " Henry Van Post, 
 
 EIGHTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Wagon Master N. F. Palmer, 
 Steward J. Tripp, 
 
 227 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 CITIZEN. 
 G. W. Walker, Left in Richmond 
 
 FORTY-SECOND REGIMENT. 
 Private William Ernst, Dead 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Private Louis Margruff, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 KENTUCKY. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 Private Charles W. Rief, 
 W. Staltenkamp, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Captain Ralph Hunt, 
 Corporal Samuel C. Duff, 
 Private F. Hause, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 Second Lieutenant James Farran, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Paroled 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
22$ RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Sergeant Robert Healey, Sent to Alabama 
 
 Corporal D. S. Dick, 
 
 Private John Shoking, " " " 
 
 " J. Shatzman, " " " 
 
 G. Calvert, 
 
 " Michael Fitzgerald, 
 " J. H. Gray, 
 D. Griffith, 
 
 F. Hillman, 
 Charles Hunt, 
 
 " Charles Kestenhole, t 
 T. O Brien, 
 S. Mclllroy, 
 
 G. W. Lloyd, 
 " Jacob Little, 
 
 M. McDonald, 
 
 M. Mulley, 
 
 " William Perkins, 
 " M. Yeager, 
 
 D. Young, " " 
 
 " J. Heinbach, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 Private James Beckelman, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Captain Thomas Cox, Jr., Sent to Alabama 
 
 Corporal Edward Heins, " " 
 
 " M. Milligan, 
 
 Christopher Tuttle, 
 Private Martin Good, 
 " Jerry Kinsley, 
 " F. Rosenmeyer, 
 Alonzo Railing, 
 Charles Ropp, 
 W. H Conklin, 
 John Bloch, 
 J. F. Young, 
 Thomas Van Fleet, Sent to Columbia 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private Charles Leipraht, 
 " George Kraduck, 
 " George Chickenburg, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 < < <t 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel William E. Woodruff, 
 Lieutenant Colonel George W. Neff, 
 
 Captain George Austin, 
 
 Captain J. R. Hurd, 
 Private James Farlav, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Escaped 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private James Rodgers, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 THIRTY-EIGHTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private G. Robertson, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 CAVALRY. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Corporal W. Humphreys, 
 Private Leston Worthington, 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 CITIZENS. 
 
 John Dills, 
 
 Released 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 William Ferguson, 
 Clinton Van Bushkirk, 
 
 Released 
 
 VIRGINIA. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 First Lieutenant C. A. Freeman, 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Second Lieutenant C. B. Hall, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private Frederick Dop, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Private H. Geyer, 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 EIGHTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Private Jehu Dickens, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Sergeant-Major Thomas Ross, 
 Quartermaster- Sergeant D. W. Johnson, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 231 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 First Lieutenant J. E. Wood, 
 Orderly Sergeant G. W. Johnson, 
 Sergeant I. Morris, 
 Corporal J. C. Darling, 
 Private W. S hoi mate, 
 
 G. W. Tale, 
 
 J. W. Teen, 
 " Andrew Vettilo, 
 
 Daniel Ward, 
 " Solomon Wilson, 
 " James Wright, 
 " Henry Eachus, 
 " J. Eggers, 
 " Samuel Fellinger, 
 
 J. N. Lane, 
 
 Samuel Pettit, 
 
 R. E. Neal, 
 
 J. Fityer, 
 
 " William L. Gibson, (drummer) 
 " J. A. Huggins, 
 
 John H. Holland, 
 " Reuben Higgins, 
 " George W. Johnson, 
 
 T. J. Jenkins, 
 
 G. P. Massy, 
 
 E. W. Markin, 
 " London Massie, 
 * Henry McVickars, 
 
 W. A. Powell, 
 
 Geo. Null, 
 " Lewis Porter, 
 
 Charles Peyton, 
 " R. Peterman, 
 " Levi Paylorn, 
 " William Allen, 
 
 J. Black, (cook) 
 " Berry Bias, 
 " Henry Crawford, 
 " Samuel Clarke, 
 
 Hiram Waugh, 
 " Lafayette Swanegan, 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 1 1 a a 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private Benj. Shoewaite, 
 " Thomas Scites, 
 " John Trentel, 
 
 John H. Windle, 
 " Daniel Woolmer, 
 " James D. Dunkel, 
 4t David Earles, 
 A. Fuller, 
 W. R. McClure, 
 " Uriah Payne, 
 R. C. Felix, 
 G. H. Burnes, 
 " Wesley Howard, 
 
 S. C. Hiltburn, 
 " James Hall, 
 " John Caughman, 
 
 Private H. B. Paine, 
 E. T. Ray, 
 
 11 T. Ray, 
 
 " Lewis Plyborn, 
 W. W. Paine, 
 
 " Henry Stevens, 
 H. B. Carter, 
 
 Private Thomas C. Carr, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Released 
 
 <( 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Dead 
 
 Released 
 ti 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 TWENTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 Private J. Clifford, Sent to Alabama 
 
 THIRTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private Evan Wilhite, 
 
 Deserted 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 FIRST CAVALRY. 
 
 Private Samuel Wade, 
 " James F. Adams, 
 
 William Bias, 
 
 R. Bias, 
 
 J. W. Teet, 
 " A. Newman, 
 " Benjamin E. Johnson, 
 
 C. Yates, 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Dead 
 
 MOREHEAD CAVALRY. 
 
 Private John Campbell, 
 " Louis H. Cochran, 
 
 NEGRO WOMAN. 
 
 Betsy, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 County Jail 
 
 CITIZENS OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 THE FOLLOWING NAMED, CITIZENS OF VIRGINIA, WERE CONFINED IN THE 
 
 PRISON; SOME FOR BEING LOYAL TO THE UNION, SOME 
 
 FOR DESERTING THE CONFEDERATE SERVICE, 
 
 AND OTHERS FOR PETTY CRIMES. 
 
 The following were released : Henry Wooral, Alexander Williams, 
 William H. Williams, Robert White, William Wills, Isaac Williams, 
 A. G. White, Samuel Short, William Stiles, Joel Stiles, S. Ramsey, 
 W. B. Wood, D. W. Watrous, Arthur Wilson, S. J. Willey, Michael 
 Beckman. 
 
 F. B. Wood, Discharged. 
 
 The following were sent home : J. J. Willis, J. H. Rouse, Charles 
 Runnels, H. D. McCabe, G. W. Lathams, J. H. Dane, G. Dane, Robert 
 Allen, E. Cornoval. 
 
 F. Smythe, 
 M. Rogers, 
 Vincent Palen, 
 W. Smith, 
 J. A. Eyster, 
 
 Sent to County Jail 
 ,, 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 30 
 
234 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 William Davis, 
 R. Buchanan, 
 W. J. Working, 
 Isaac Bays, 
 D. P. Lawrence, 
 James Jones, 
 Walkup. 
 William Workman. 
 Harrison Wall. 
 M. P. Wvatt. 
 
 S. Armstrong, 
 Thomas Armstrong, 
 
 N. K. Stevenson, 
 J. Massy, 
 Francis Stover, 
 S. Anson Stover, 
 Richard Stone, 
 John Dills, 
 Peter Miller. 
 J. J. Moulds. 
 John Dickinson. 
 William Dickinson. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Dead 
 
 FROM FAYETTE COUNTY 
 
 FROM ROLL A COUNTY 
 
 Released 
 Dead 
 
 Released 
 (i 
 
 Sent home 
 
 FROM WAYNE COUNTY. 
 
 The following were released : W. Roby, B. Roby, Polycapus Sites, 
 Josiah Sites, Addison Neff, William Nelson, Samuel Clothier, R. L. 
 Miller, E. R. Jones, W. Jones, William Douthil, B. Cabbage, Calvin 
 Evarhast, William Fox, R. Flanegan, M. Garges, R. M. Garges, A. B. 
 Gish, Thomas Brown, D. Bishop, W. Buchanan, W. J. Brotherton, 
 Benjamin Beetman, Adam Beetman, John Beetman, William Beetman, 
 S. N. Gosnell, George Hunt, G. Hall, Henry I hill, F. Ilinkle, Jerry 
 Coombs, G. Clay, Charles Clay, R. Clay, George Cantley, M. 
 Thompson, G. M. Veach, William Wesson. 
 
 C. Rodman, Exchanged. 
 
 The following are dead : Joel Sites, Nathaniel Milstra, J. B. New- 
 comb, II. C. Lewis, John Cox, Merrill Coughman, Irvin Gerrald, 
 Jackson Gerrald, John Brown, Lewis Coombs, George Farland, II. 
 Tennison, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS -23 5 
 
 The following were sent home: Felix Magruder, Miles O Brien, 
 John O Brien, Philip II. O Dell, Cain Moral, John Moral, James 
 Kincade, Jasper Kirtz, Melville Kirtz, M. L. Kendrick, George Fox, 
 Noah Getz, Charles Higginbotham, J. Holt, George Pack, Thomas F. 
 Porter, Joseph Plaskett. 
 
 Charles Moody, Sent to Count}- Jail 
 
 John Fletcher, " " " " 
 
 George Cross, " " 
 
 James Hays, " " " " 
 
 T. J. Hayliss, Discharged 
 
 Elias Beach, " 
 
 W. H. Hamet, (mute) 
 
 Kennedy Cassidy, Left in Richmond 
 
 O. Fellows, " " 
 
 J. S. Atlee, Paroled 
 
 G. Pollock, Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Isaac Sias, William Randall, D. Shears, J. C. Slater, J. M. Smith, 
 William Smith, A. C. Stenson, P. Stiles, Daniel Scully, James Morris, 
 Isaac Moulds, Jasper Milum, Thomas McSough, Frank Morey, 
 Thomas Marston, Thompson Moulding, Daniel O Brien, Silas Oures, 
 J. N. Overman, William McKinney, M. Mace, J. McDonald, J. L. 
 Grubb, E. McLaughlin, D. McCarthy, Samuel McNealy, Armstead 
 McGaher, W. Mangold, Thomas Kite, J. Keslinger, John Kempsey, 
 
 M. King, Lloyd Kidwell, Kaantz, O. Harrison, W. Hinchman, 
 
 J. Kurtz, L. B. Kurtz, J. H. Duke, Joseph F. Griffin, George W. Butt, 
 George W. Cook, W. Connell, J. R. Council, L. Conrad, John Edgar, 
 William Conwell, J. M. Carron, Floyd Cook, Stephen Eades, W. A. 
 Dolley, H. Dean, A. Flagler, Floyd Gerrald, Paris Gerrald, Simeon 
 Gerrald, John Alford, Albert Abbott, G. W. Aubry, H. Ault, J. B. 
 Bowman, Alexander Brown, Benjamin Bond, John Burgdall, E. Birch, 
 Joseph Hawks, J. R. Hall, C. Hempstead, A. Hamilton, Edward 
 Barnes, Thomas Waldron, John Wriston, Daniel Witcher, Hamilton 
 Smith, Caleb Wriston, G. Thornton, J. Turner, Jr., J. B. Turner, 
 J. D. Turner, J. L. Turner, W. P. Turner, Sanford Thomas, Solomon 
 V. Aumeter, J. Vissor, E. Powell, Robert Powell, Albert Peacock, 
 Charles Holland, J. Hayslip. 
 
 FROM FAIRFAX COUNTY. 
 
 P. Hall, Sent home 
 
 E. Hall, 
 
 Isaac Hall, " " 
 
 Horace Holden, k " 
 
 Isaac Scarborough, *. " *< 
 
J ?( ) RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 John Honacher, Released 
 
 George Bayless. 
 
 Samuel Dentz. 
 
 Spencer Lloyd. 
 
 Thomas Waldron. 
 
 Samuel Reves. 
 
 James Romine. 
 
 FROM KANAWHA COUNTY. 
 
 The following were released: W. Kenny, Cornelius Kenny, Joseph 
 Kenny, Columbus Kenny, L. H. Johnson, Harrison Jarrett, Irwin 
 Jarrett, Seth Jarrett, Jesse Jarrett, D. W. Jarrett, Fred Fillman, 
 Oliver Jarrett. 
 
 J. C. Kelly, Sent home 
 
 Samuel Pack, 
 
 George Emerson, North Carolina 
 
 Charles H. Lavery. 
 W. A. Kelly. 
 Lewis Ballard. 
 William R. Jones. 
 Miles Johnson. 
 Samuel Pancoast. 
 
 OHIO. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private W. Snikart, Sent to Alabama 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private H. F. Proctor, Sent to Alabama 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Private James McLaughlin, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 G. W. Wise, " " " 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private A. B. Spader, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 D. Sullivan, " " " " 
 
Sergeant J. E. Morris, 
 
 Private T. Wjtkonsky, 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 Bugler D. Frietman, 
 
 Private George Winfield, 
 
 Private G. W. Ward, 
 
 Private II. Schmittka, 
 
 Private J. M. Griffith, 
 " George McCabe, 
 
 Private A. Grant, 
 
 " John Grenaner, 
 
 Private John Byron, 
 
 COMPANY c. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 COMPANY E. 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 FOURTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Private G. W. Quinly, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Private James W. Henkle, 
 " W. Irving, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Lieutenant John Gilmer, 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 First Lieutenant T. S. Scheiffer, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Captain J. Bense, 
 Sergeant J. H. Hanly, 
 
 W. B. McLane, 
 " J. McDough, 
 Corporal W. Langenheim, 
 H. S. Gibson, 
 F. W. Lang, 
 C. Fallbush, 
 J. Williams, 
 Private T. Allerman, 
 
 J. Marshall, 
 " Adolph Brumer, 
 " H. Buddenbom, 
 " G. Burner, 
 T. Brahm, 
 " James Carson, 
 " Joseph Dreher, 
 R. P\ Finley, 
 H. Fravi, 
 " J. Landis, 
 
 W. A. Forristall, 
 " E. Green, 
 " II. Grass, 
 Otto Huff, 
 " D. Hummell, 
 " Henry Harmeyer, 
 " W. Jorgan, 
 " William Jager, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private S. Irminger, 
 J. Little, 
 J. R. La Rue, 
 F. W. Hekert, 
 " Jacob Lilse, 
 
 E. Miller, 
 M. Siebert, 
 T. W. Hekert, 
 T. L. Rea, 
 
 " T. Ryan, 
 
 " J. Ojsterboy, 
 
 O. M. Smith, 
 " C. Schneitzer, 
 " John Zinneman, 
 
 William Thoburn, 
 
 S. Weber, 
 
 W. C. Weber, 
 
 F. Wilson, 
 W. Wenzel, 
 H. Hosier, 
 
 McConneil, 
 " P. Neumuller, 
 
 Private J. Cedes, 
 
 239 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 < < 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Musician H. Wood, 
 Private R. Wilsdon, 
 F. Williams, 
 A. Scoville, 
 " George Brudle, 
 " Thomas Burt, 
 " C. Burroughs, 
 M. H. Waley, 
 " John Burns, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 Sergeant Charles L. Chapman, (clerk) 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Exchanged 
 
240 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Corporal J. McCabe, 
 Private T. C. Rafferty, 
 " Daniel Boyle, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY c. 
 
 Captain Shurtleflf, 
 
 Sergeant W. W. Parmenter, 
 " Edward Monery, 
 
 E. R. Stiles, 
 Corporal C. F. Mack, 
 S. M. Cole, 
 
 Private W. W. Wheeler, 
 " James Massa, 
 " J. B. Myers, 
 " J. M. Burns, 
 W. Biggs, 
 F. Bodel, 
 " R. Chapman, 
 
 H. D. Claghorn, 
 J. W. Finch, 
 " Thomas Mullery, 
 A. Hubbell, 
 A. L. Halbert, 
 " S: B. Kingsbury, 
 " G. C. Newton, 
 
 F. A. Noble, 
 " Albert Osborn, 
 " Alexander Parker, 
 " George C. Robinson, 
 
 E. C. Root, 
 " D. J. Thompson, 
 W. H. Scott, 
 L. Warren, 
 J. R. Smith, 
 J. B. Tuttle, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Fifer S. Gill, 
 
 Private Charles Carroll, 
 " A. Dodge, 
 J. Shelby, 
 
 " F. A. Rubicon, 
 " John Smith, 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private H. Hun toon, 
 P. II. Smith, 
 N. K. Hubbard, 
 " A. E. Smith, 
 C. C. Quinn, 
 J. R. Smith, 
 
 241 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 ^ 11 it tt 
 
 4 1 n 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Captain J. W. Sprague, 
 Lieutenant Wilcox, 
 Sergeant F. F. Wilcoxon, 
 " T. E. Ketch urn, 
 Corporal J. G. Turner, 
 Private F. Stilhvell, 
 
 F. W. Bartlett, 
 " George Sweet, 
 k John Shuller, 
 " John Bark, 
 
 " L. M. Blakesly, 
 " E. Kennedy, 
 " J.- Butler, 
 " R. Beers, 
 " R. W. Blakesly, 
 W. Chewey, 
 
 G. W. Downing, 
 " E. Evans, 
 
 " F. Fox, 
 
 E. Henderson, 
 
 " John Haun, 
 
 " Henry Kaiser, 
 William Gibbs, 
 
 " Charles Parrington, 
 Charles Webber, 
 
 " James Stinson, 
 
 Private L. Boles, 
 
 " Albert Hopkins, 
 " J. F. Curtis, 
 " J. Hettlick, 
 " L. C. Logue, 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Dead 
 
 Deserted 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Corporal |. A. Mohler, 
 Corporal E. C. Palmer, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Corporal Charles E. Bersett, 
 Private N. Freidenberg, 
 " J. Snider, 
 " Sam Johnson, 
 " D. H. Johnson, 
 
 F. Larkins, 
 M. Lewellen, 
 
 G. W. Thompson, 
 
 Sergeant Edward Bohn, 
 
 A. Kohlman, 
 Corporal John Miller, 
 Private C. Haskell, 
 
 " J. Greenville, 
 Charles Stahl, 
 
 " A. Finz, 
 
 " A. Schwartz, 
 
 " A. Akerman, 
 
 " T. Hebbig, 
 
 " S. Beel, 
 
 " Fred Brickmail, 
 
 " M. Makel, 
 
 " John Smith, 
 
 " Charles Ottinger, 
 
 " S. Renz, 
 
 " J. Wolf, 
 
 " A. Zietzman, 
 
 " Henry Wesenbock, 
 Charles Rich, 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Corporal Isaac Harmon, 
 
 Private S. R. Welch, 
 
 EIGHTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 t I II U It 
 
 II II 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 243 
 
 Driver Daniel Leary, 
 Teamster R. C. Marsh, 
 Private A. Kelley, 
 
 Private Charles Kern, 
 Private D. Dougherty, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 TENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Corporal John B. Stewart, 
 Private James Peters, 
 
 ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel Charles DeVilliers, 
 Private J. L. Palmerston, 
 " Robert Poor, 
 
 Corporal Lewis Gallagher, 
 Private John Gatts, 
 
 " James Mahan, 
 Robert Walsh, 
 
 " Lewis Brossey, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 TWELFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Private Andrew Barker, 
 " J. W. Akkins, 
 " T. Stuard, 
 
 Private George W. Beard, 
 " S. Hugh, 
 " Thomas Idings, 
 " M. Caiavin, 
 " Charles White, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Escaped 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 " " Columbia 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 a i< 
 
 (C < i 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Exchanged 
 
244 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private F. M. Dugan, Sent to Alabama 
 
 THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private Christopher Bryon, Sent to Columbia 
 
 " William Loyd, " " 
 
 " W. R. Wolfkill, " " 
 
 Isaac Ward, " " " 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private Joseph Brester, Sent to Columbia 
 
 " V. W. Peck, " " 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Corporal G. B. Schaffer, Exchanged 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Private J. Trump, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " W. H. St. Clair, " " " 
 
 TWENTY-THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private R. Thomas, . Sent to New Orleans 
 
 TWENTY-FOURTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private James Lemon, Dead 
 
 COMPANY II. 
 
 Private John Ewe, Sent to Alabama 
 
 Private Adam Mair, Exchanged 
 
 TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private William H. Brown, Left in Richmond 
 " J. Troxall, 
 
 " C. J. Thayer, " " 
 
 " Jonathan Cole Fuller, " " " 
 
 " J.W.Sims, Sent to Alabama 
 
 A. F. Strump, " " 
 
 " H. Bumess, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 TWENTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 
 245 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Priyate P. Schaffer, 
 " H. M. Wai lam, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 FORTY-SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private H. Thueneman, Sent to Alabama 
 
 THIRTY-SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 CITIZENS. 
 
 Private T. Rammage, 
 
 Edward Taylor, 
 William Massey, 
 Joseph F. Griffin, 
 
 INDIANA. 
 
 SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 Assistant Surgeon W. B. Fletcher, 
 
 NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private George Congdon, 
 " James .Cathcart, 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 TENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private William Neagle, Sent to Columbia 
 
 ELEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private J. F. Landis, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
246 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 TWELFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Captain Reuben Williams, 
 Corporal R. S. Richart, 
 
 H. S. Westcott, 
 Private S. G. Robbins, 
 " James F. McGuire, 
 
 A. Hogler, 
 " Lemuel Hazard, 
 
 Corporal G. Swikart, 
 Private F. Kennedy, 
 " Levi Reynolds, 
 " J. C. Dicky, 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private Isaac Hall, 
 
 THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 Corporal T. N. Kistler, 
 Private T. Rodgers, 
 
 Private R. K. Stout, 
 
 " Oliver, 
 
 " C. C. Flinn, 
 
 Private Lott Randolph, 
 " John Burns, 
 Charles Neal, 
 
 Sergeant D. H. Gallagher, 
 Private Jacob Baner, 
 " A. S. Butterfield, 
 " E. Leighton, 
 
 M. Boyer, 
 " Andrew Francis, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 t I (C t 
 
 II < t <( 
 
 il It ( ( 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Salisbury 
 
 Sent Home 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left .in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 247 
 
 Private Charles Brown, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 " Thomas Colshear, 
 
 " George Lowe, 
 
 " Christopher Fisher, Left in Richmond 
 
 " Charles Fisher, Sent to North Fairground 
 
 " A. Potts, Sent to Alabama 
 
 " J. E. Stone, 
 
 " John Smith, " " 
 
 " C. Wigand, " " 
 
 " W. Warner, " " 
 
 FOURTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Sergeant E. W. Redding, Left in Richmond 
 
 Private Adolph Maier, Sent to Columbia 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Private J. H. Mitchell, Deserted 
 
 FIFTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private Pat Kildy, Sent to Columbia 
 
 " Thomas Spoonmore, " 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Private John Wilson, Sent to Columbia 
 
 C. Shlatterback, Sent to Alabama 
 
 NINETEENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private G. W. Thorp, Sent to Alabama 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Second Lieutenant B. F. Hancock, Lett in Richmond 
 
 Sergeant Samuel Goodwin, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Private O. Hubbell, 
 
 TWENTIETH REGIMENT. 
 
 Quarter-Master Isaac W. Hart, Exchanged 
 
 Sergeant-Major Charles H. Comley, Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sutler s Clerk H. Watson, " " " 
 
248 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Corporal W. H. Dangerfield, 
 
 COMPANY c. 
 
 Sergeant M. L. Kennard, 
 Second Lieutenant Henry A. Uruh, 
 Private William Stickley, 
 " Abraham Obelner, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private, Nathan Brady [Cook], 
 " Robert Ingless, 
 " Washington Probest, 
 " Francis M. Glover, 
 G. W. Clarke, 
 
 Captain s Boy, George W. Gerber, 
 
 Private Fred Engle, 
 
 " John H. Hoffman, 
 " John Helson, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Private G. M. Parker, 
 
 L. Ruff, 
 
 " L. H. Reily, 
 " Charles E. Jones, 
 " Ely Schneider, 
 " N. B. Easton, 
 
 Private John Commigare, 
 H. C. Wilkerson, 
 
 Private Charles M. Goss, 
 
 Private T. C. Kearns, 
 " James Clayton, 
 " John H. Andrews, 
 " Elias Oxford, 
 " F. F. B. Persons, 
 " F. B. Sackett, 
 " Jacob Shoff, 
 " Christopher Shrack, 
 " A. Van Horn, 
 
 M. P. Wendell, 
 " L. L. Bennett, 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G, 
 
 COMPANY H, 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 a it a 
 
 .t tl II 
 
 it it tt 
 
 it II tl 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 ti n 
 
 1 1 n n 
 
 n tt ti 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 249 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Sergeant T. M. Bartlett, 
 
 C. W. Dexmott, 
 Private Henry Pearsall, 
 
 " Jacob Rice, 
 
 " J. W. Sparks, 
 
 " Hiram Hyde, 
 
 " John Jones, 
 
 " H. B. Johnson, 
 
 " Napoleon Baum, 
 Paul Bernhard, 
 
 " John Berringer, 
 
 " John Drury, 
 
 " Joseph Cafter, (cook) 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Captain E. W. Keefer, 
 Private Michael Kasper, 
 " Van Hinds, 
 " Henry Hines, 
 " Noah Kelley, 
 " J. B. Smith, 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 it ti 44 14 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 (4 it II 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 It 44 44 44 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 it ( (4 
 
 TWENTY-FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Private Timothy Maher, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 THIRTIETH REGIMENT. 
 
 Private Joseph Maddox, 
 Private J. R. Maiks, 
 
 Private John Muster, 
 32 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 ILLINOIS. 
 
 THIRTY-NINTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private William Crum, 
 
 " J. S. Grant, 
 
 " Franklin Hewett, 
 
 " J. L. Lacy, 
 
 " Thomas Lisen, 
 
 " John Martjn, 
 
 " F. C. McCaney, 
 
 E. M. Wait, 
 
 ." Nelson Walls, 
 
 Private John Howarth, 
 
 Sergeant H. Fucier, 
 Private Frank Marcellus, 
 " N. Price, 
 " E. Stebbins, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 MICHIGAN 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 Colonel O. B. Wilcox, (hostage) 
 Bugler George W. Steward, 
 Teamster G. Wiseman, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Sergeant Lewis Hartmyer, 
 Corporal Hubbard Smith, 
 Private J. Ingersoll, 
 
 " Michael Kaufman, 
 
 " Thomas J. Montgomery, 
 
 County Jail 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 < < 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Left in Richmond 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 251 
 
 Private H. Hutchinson, 
 " J. Arndt, 
 " J. H. Starkweather, 
 " F. T. Bollo, 
 " H. W. Eagan, 
 " N. M. Farrar, 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sergeant J. Gregg, 
 Private J. G. Tuttle, 
 " J. Badgely, 
 
 C. S. Chapmaa, 
 F. Pease, 
 " A. N. Russell, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Sergeant R. Walker, 
 
 Charles B. Whitcomb, 
 Private J. D. Snails, 
 G. D. Drury, 
 " Charles H. Harvey, 
 " J- Lang, 
 " John Brinkerhoff, 
 
 D. Holms, 
 " George Rhodes, 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 
 
 a a 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Color Sergeant W. Metzke, 
 " A. Dubois, 
 
 W. Johnson, 
 " M. Martin, 
 
 N. Porter, 
 " W. Thornton, 
 " Thomas Jenkins, 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to North Carolina 
 
 Private W. B. Noel, 
 " J. Lang, 
 " W. N. Reynolds, 
 " D. Snaidman, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Captain DeGoylger, 
 
 First Lieutenant, S. B. Preston, 
 Corporal J. J. Barnes, 
 Private J. J. Hubell, 
 
 " H. Bremer, 
 
 " J. Kelley, 
 
 " Charles Ewers, 
 G. Goldsmith, 
 
 " H. Brink, 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Private T. Rainer, 
 
 " J. N. Trask, 
 
 " J. Archer, Jr., 
 
 " Charles H. Palmer, 
 
 " C. S. Truman, 
 
 " J. Stitz, 
 
 " J. N. Barker, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Second Lieutenant A. M. Parks, 
 Private Hiram Lane, 
 
 G. S. Phillips, 
 
 G. W. Baker, 
 " M. Baker, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Sergeant Charles B. Moore, 
 Private W. Smith, 
 
 " Fred Simmons, 
 M. V. Marx, 
 
 * D. A. Launsberry, 
 
 Sergeant A. M. Edwards, 
 Private W. II. Flemming, 
 
 H. Blanchurd, 
 " (^iiade Ilaynes, 
 " P. Pomeroy, 
 " M. Moore, 
 " John Reich, 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Escaped 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 (i < 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
Private P. C. Irwin, 
 
 Private Reynolds, 
 
 Private Albert Benson, 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 FOURTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 253 
 
 Private James Livingston, 
 Private F. H. Wirts, 
 
 Private A. Craig, 
 
 E. A. Cross, 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 MINNESOTA. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 Surgeon J. H. Stuart, 
 Assistant Surgeon C. W. LeBoutelier, 
 Hospital Steward Oscar W. Sears, 
 Nurse Thomas Brown, 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private C. T. Clark, 
 " J. P. Garnison, 
 " W. H. H. Dooley, 
 L. Keiffer, 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Dead 
 
 Exchanged 
 
254 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private William Becker, 
 
 George Pfeffer, 
 " H. C. Whight, 
 " F. A. Brown, 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 u ti 
 
 Lett in Richmond 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private H. Krone, 
 " G. G. Nellis, 
 " B. Richardson, 
 " Charles Tanner, 
 " T. Russell, 
 " J. Ostrander, 
 G. W. Potter, 
 " John M. Lee, 
 " Thomas Parker, 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Corporal O. S. King, 
 Private C. C. Coombs, 
 
 " Charles J. Clarke, 
 
 " J. B. Mergeno, 
 
 " F. Miller, 
 
 " Edward Brisette, 
 
 " J. F. Halstead, 
 
 " Charles W. Mills, 
 
 " George Maddox, 
 
 " M. Kenney, 
 
 " James McNelly, 
 
 " E. Remore, 
 
 " C. C. Marr, 
 
 " G. W. Randolph, 
 
 " J. Milne, 
 
 Sergeant C. N. Harris, 
 Corporal J. Barrow, 
 Private J. Closer, 
 
 " William Connelly, 
 " Dennis Crandall, 
 " C. M. Hubbs, 
 " Hans Holstand, 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Sent home 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Exchanged 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 255 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Sergeant J. Gregory, Exchanged 
 
 Private J. Gannon, " 
 
 " Levi Emery, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 P. C. Ellis, " " " 
 
 " A. H. Aubert, Sent home 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private J. W. Imeson, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 N. Brown, Sent home 
 
 " John Alderson, Exchanged 
 
 B. Bitka, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 G. S. Eaton, 
 
 " Charles E. Lincoln, Sent to Charleston 
 
 " J. D. Duffee, Dead 
 
 E. A. Rowley, Sent to Alabama 
 
 WISCONSIN. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private L. Wise, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Sergeant Frank Dexter, 
 Private Nathaniel Heath 
 " Daniel Jones, 
 R. Welch, 
 
 William McRae, 
 E. C. Marsh, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Nurse R. Burns, Exchanged 
 
 Private J. M. Hawkins, 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private John Donovan, 
 S. P. Jackson, 
 " Joseph Frame, 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Second Lieutenant William Booth, 
 Private Andrew Curtis, Jr., 
 F. Beckler, 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Corporal John Hamilton, 
 
 Private J. S. Bell, 
 " A. Bean, 
 " J. Jones, 
 " H. Murray, 
 " Henry Seaman, 
 " J. Southerland. 
 " Michael Kelley, 
 " G. F. Marshall, 
 O. Wilcoxen, 
 
 Died 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to North Fairground 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Fifer W. Taylor, 
 Private S. P. Pitcher, 
 " H. C. Weed, 
 " S. Graham, 
 T. Stinson, 
 " Horace Stroud, 
 " L. S. Perry, 
 C. Graves, 
 
 Private John Anderson, 
 " A. Henry, 
 " Fred Lacy, 
 " W. H. Upham, 
 
 Private D. O Brien, 
 " J. W. Anderson, 
 
 E. L. Best, 
 " John F. House, 
 
 COMPANY F. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Exchanged 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Sent New Orleans 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private D. C. Holdridge, 
 " G. A. Beck, 
 " C. E. Trobridge, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Lett in Richmond 
 
 Dead 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Sergeant J. Gregory, 
 Private E. L. Reed, 
 " T. R. Reed, 
 " G. W. Dilly, 
 " E. Breme, 
 " M. A. Owens, 
 " W. P. Smith, 
 
 Exchanged 
 Dead 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Exchanged 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Sergeant A. B. Gaskell, 
 Corporal S. H. Hagadon, 
 Private John Hobuck, 
 C. C. Everson, 
 " James Taylor, 
 " R. M. McKinnon, 
 " W. H. Martin, 
 " T. Ross, 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Private J. P. Ecking, 
 " Allen Sprague, 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Sergeant Stephen Kane, 
 Private Mathias Spo, 
 
 Sent home 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 33 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 CALIFORNIA, 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Captain John Markoe, 
 Second Lieutenant F. A. Parker, 
 Sergeant A. McCormick, 
 W. H. Shaffer, 
 Corporal E. Robinson, 
 
 " George W. Meyers, 
 " G. W. Dougherty, 
 
 W. H. Cox, 
 " W. J. Carson, 
 " Thomas Carson, 
 " M. Clement, 
 Private G. W. Cochrane, 
 " R. Greenwood, 
 " Joseph Gordon, 
 < G. W. Hibbs, 
 " Spencer Jones, 
 " A. J. Huptils, 
 " George W. Morris, 
 
 P. Nighon, 
 " H. L. Niles, 
 " J. F. Nail, 
 " A. Patterson, 
 R. H. Price, 
 " John Rogers, 
 " L. P. Raybolt, 
 " G. Straub, 
 " Thomas Stackhouse, 
 " A. J. Spellbrink, 
 " Theodore Stokes, 
 " Van Aiken, 
 " Thomas F. Weyser, 
 " W. Mays, 
 " G. A. Brown, 
 " H. T. Parker, 
 
 Released 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 259 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Second Lieutenant Will H. Kerns, 
 Orderly Sergeant H. A. Harding, 
 Corporal A. C. Yearger, 
 J. C. Hufty, 
 A. L. Morris, 
 Private C. R. Brown, 
 
 " A. S. Rambaugh, 
 
 " G. C. Snyder, 
 
 " G. W. Histon, 
 
 " J. H. Simmons, 
 
 " W. B. Humes, 
 G. S. Massey, 
 
 " A. J. McCleary, 
 
 " T. W. Miller, 
 
 " W. Malloch, 
 
 " J. McBride, 
 
 " R. F. Wallin, 
 
 W. H. Leachler, 
 
 " J. Lewis, 
 
 " J. Gillen, 
 
 " J. Bendel, 
 
 " J. Burrows, 
 
 " Henry Dunlevy, 
 
 " John M.Edgar, 
 
 " F. W. Carpenter, 
 
 " W. J. Scott, 
 
 " E. G. Carpenter, 
 
 " S. Smith, 
 
 " R. E. Tyndall, 
 
 " H. Thurgland, 
 
 " E. C. Young, 
 
 " W. H. Roberts, 
 
 " J. L. Nicholis, 
 
 Corporal Thomas Palmer, 
 Private George Arckland, 
 " John Stokes, 
 " Richard Standing, 
 " Oliver Snider, 
 " John Fisher, 
 " Robert Leschee, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Dead 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
260 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private John Johnston, 
 
 " J. B. Green. 
 
 " J. H. Zepp, 
 
 " Thomas Zepp, 
 
 " J. Greenhalgh, 
 
 " John Hogan, 
 
 " G. Hart, 
 
 " Samuel Hoolej, 
 
 " John Heath, 
 
 " W. Collough, 
 
 " E. Brett, 
 
 " W. Batt, 
 
 Private Joseph Ashmore, 
 " Patrick Burns, 
 " Adams Gill, 
 
 William Ploss, 
 " Joseph Wallace, 
 " John Vance, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 First Lieutenant W. C. Harris, 
 Orderly Sergeant F. A. Donalson, 
 Sergeant R. I. Fleck, 
 
 " W. H. Sloanaker, (Yankee artist,) 
 Corporal Freeman Miller, 
 
 S. McDonald, 
 " John Riley, 
 " Richard Margerum, 
 Private M. Patton, 
 " J. McMcnamin, 
 " R. McMenamin, 
 " Peter Martin, 
 
 Pat Hair, 
 " J. Hagan, 
 
 Stephen Hafferty, 
 " Thomas Palmer, 
 " W. Songster, 
 W. Wilkerson, 
 S. Smith, 
 
 Thomas H. Whitehouse, 
 H. A. Wellman, 
 
 Exchanged 
 Dead 
 
 Dead 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Paroled 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 Left in Richmond 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 26l 
 
 Private Charles Dougherty, 
 
 Edward Ford, 
 " J. H. Russell, 
 " John Blair, 
 " S. F. Frye, 
 " W. Bradley, 
 " J. M. Chapman, 
 " M. Garrol, 
 " C. Cammyer, 
 " H. G. Greenley, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Private George Moore, 
 
 Private S. F. Hopkins, 
 " Joseph Heald, 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 COMPANY L. 
 
 Corporal C. A. Lehmann, 
 
 " \V. H. Schoonmaster, 
 
 S. Shanitt, 
 
 Private John Simpson, 
 " H. F. Little, 
 " A. W. Lester, 
 Edward Quigley, 
 " Noah Boyer, 
 
 G. W. Backer, 
 " John McCuen, 
 " Joseph McGaw, 
 
 Thomas McKay, 
 " Fred Walk, 
 " Anthony Cramer, 
 G. F. Ruoff, 
 " Charles Reardon, 
 
 S. B. Recks, 
 " W. Roberts, 
 " G. H. Myers, 
 " William Ganzer, 
 " Thomas M. Graham, 
 " Henry Goslin, 
 " Henry Dougherty, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
262 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Priyate J. F. Armstrong, 
 " Thomas Hand, 
 " John Reed, 
 " William Diggenman, 
 
 COMPANY N. 
 
 Captain Francis J. Keffer, 
 
 First Lieutenant Charles M. Hooper, 
 
 Sergeant W. J. McGere, 
 
 J. Huntley. 
 Corporal Henry Frank, 
 
 C. B. Street, 
 " A. H. Simmons, 
 Private W. H. Clear, 
 
 " J. Childs, 
 
 " W. Cljmer, 
 
 D. H. Colligan, 
 
 " G. W. Ellis, 
 
 " D. Emerick, 
 
 " J. Maslem, 
 
 " C. E. Cheeseman, 
 
 " Thomas Mitchell, 
 
 " E. L. Galloway, 
 
 J. E. Clopp, 
 
 " J. F. Cline, 
 
 " E. Weingartner, 
 
 " J. M. Wach, 
 
 " W. Wingate, 
 
 " II . C. Weaver, 
 
 " Charles Wild, 
 
 W. II. Whartenby, 
 
 " J. B. Branschette, 
 
 " A. M. Barnes, 
 
 " George Seiger, 
 
 " John Perkins, 
 
 H. S. Hacy, 
 
 W. Ispording, 
 
 " J. M. Zane, 
 
 " J. Harris, 
 
 " John Loller, 
 
 " H. Luther, 
 
 C. S. McNeal, 
 
 J, L, Hughes, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 26) 
 
 COMPANY P. 
 
 Second Lieutenant George W. Kenney, 
 Sergeant John Wise, 
 Corporal R. Riley, 
 
 S. F. Bennett, 
 Private W. Reamer. 
 
 " G. W. Reinhard, 
 
 " H. B. Ruyan, 
 
 " G. L. Brown, 
 
 " John Black, 
 
 " John Bell, 
 
 " W. Harris, 
 
 " G. W. Harper, 
 
 " John Houston, 
 - Lobb, 
 
 " Francis Lesher, 
 
 " Thomas Ashbore, 
 
 " G. C. Moore, 
 
 " C. F. Archard, 
 
 " Stepeen A. Curtis, 
 
 " C. I. Dunfield, 
 
 " J. McNight, 
 
 " N. L. Millard, 
 
 " James McQuade, 
 
 " George Mullen, 
 
 " Isaac Paynter, 
 
 " Fred Polman, 
 
 " S. J. Price, 
 
 " J. C. Sheehan, 
 
 " Joseph Seymour, 
 
 " W. Sullivan, 
 
 " S. P. Schintz, 
 
 " Stephen McCainey, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 UNITED STATES ARMY. 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT CAVALRY. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Private B. Shotoff, 
 " Charles North, 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
264 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Lieutenant A. Tompkinson, Sent Home 
 
 Private W. Barry, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY c. 
 Private James Cassidy, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Private James Adams, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 FIRST REGIMENT ARTILLERY. 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Sergeant W. H. Wills, Left in Richmond 
 
 Armorer J. Voightlander, Discharged 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private Francis Tappey, deserted, Released 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Captain Robert McFarlane, Released 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Private Henry Lodger, Left in Richmond 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 Private L. Christian, Exchanged 
 
 " George Grey, 
 " J. Langdon, Sent to Alabama 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private John Conell, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT INFANTRY. 
 Assistant Surgeon Sternburg, Left in Richmond 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 First Lieutenant William Dickinson, Left in Richmond 
 
 Corporal H. Grage, Sent to Alabama 
 
 Private C. Nosida, Sent to Columbia 
 
 " A. J. Wood, Sent to New Orleans 
 
klCHMONt) PRISONS 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 First Lieutenant J. F. Kent, 
 Private F. Pflisterer, 
 P. Riley, 
 
 " J. W. Carroll, 
 
 " J. Lane, 
 
 Private R. Murphy, 
 " M. Hynes, 
 
 Lewis Richland, 
 
 Private P. Burke, 
 " A. Buchanan, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private J. Burritt, 
 
 Sent to Charleston 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 11 ( I (( 4 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Private A. J. Wood, 
 
 Private John Butler, 
 D. Clifford, 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private Thomas Guire, 
 " J. Dillion, 
 
 Michael Kelley, 
 " Ed. Hoppy, 
 George Robb, 
 " W. Roach, (deserted) 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private H. Brown, 
 C. Brown, 
 
 " W. A. Burnham, 
 " W. Desmond, 
 E. Tattersall, 
 " George Hepp, 
 
 34 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent home 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to North Fairgrounds 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent home 
 
 Released 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
266 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private George Haller, 
 " Michael Nilen, 
 H. Solcher, 
 44 John DeGoy. 
 41 Henry Salger, (Traitor) 
 " J. Bovvers, 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Private Thomas McGuire, 
 " J. Dillon, 
 " J. Brown, 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Private G. Williams, 
 C. H. Evans, 
 
 THIRD REGIMENT, 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 COMPANY G- 
 
 Private C. Wright, 
 
 Corporal H. Grage, 
 Private M. McLaughlin, 
 
 " Patrick Murphy, 
 
 " J. McPhillipp, 
 
 " M. White, 
 
 14 Duncanson, 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Died 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 .Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private W. R. Braman, 
 " J. C. Bunch, 
 
 THE FOLLOWING ARE TAKEN FROM THE "ORIGINAL RECORD" UNDER 
 THE HEAD OF UNITED STATES ARMY, BUT NO COMPANY, REGIMENT OR 
 DEPARTMENT IS RECORDED. 
 
 Surgeon L. H. Stone, Sent to Charleston 
 
 Assistant Surgeon C. C. Grey, 
 Sergeant John Price, 
 
 " C. Gray, Sent home 
 
 Private H. E. Vanbell, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 ENGINEER CORPS. 
 First Lieutenant W. E. Merrill, Left in Richmond 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 WEST POINT BATTERY. 
 Private Alex Campbell, 
 
 FIFTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 Sergeant Stephen Kane, 
 Private Charles H. Halleday, 
 
 EIGHTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY G. 
 
 Corporal John Latimer, 
 Private W. Birmingham, 
 
 " Richard Quinn, 
 
 " Michael Callingham, 
 
 " J. Cunningham, 
 
 " Paul Murray, 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Sent home 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 Died 
 
 THE FOLLOWING ARE FROM THE "ORIGINAL RECORD," UNDER THE 
 HEAD OF UNITED STATES ARMY, BUT NO DEPARTMENT OF THE SERVICE 
 IS RECORDED. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Private M. White, 
 
 Private D. Clifford, 
 
 F. Mills, 
 " W. Seymour, 
 
 Ed Smith, 
 
 " Thomas Wyman, 
 " Augustus Schraut, 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 Sent to Alabama 
 
 UNITED STATES MARINES. 
 
 COMPANY A. 
 
 Corporal Gerritt Steiner 
 
 Private John Barrett, 
 B. T. Perkins, 
 " George Hunt, 
 " George Hart, 
 " H. McCoy, 
 
 Exchanged 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
268 
 
 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 Private F. Otto, 
 " J. Lane, 
 
 Private M. Cannon, 
 " Henry Clark, 
 " Edward Foley, 
 " William Steward, 
 
 Private William Bradford, 
 L. A. Cook, 
 " J. Kessler, 
 
 Private John Slemmons, 
 Private R. Duncanson, 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 COMPANY D. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 COMPANY I. 
 
 First Lieutenant E. W. Hale, 
 G. W. Hathaway, 
 
 Sent to North Fairground 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Sent to New Orleans 
 Exchanged 
 
 Sent to Alabama 
 Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 UNITED STATES NAVY. 
 
 Quartermaster H. N. Baxter, 
 
 Sailor John Bell, 
 " James Bailey, 
 " Calvin Cobb, 
 E. P. Clapp, 
 " B. Fox, 
 " D. B. Fox, 
 " Josiah Horton, 
 " E. H. Nash, 
 " James E. Nash, 
 " Charles Porter, 
 " Rufus Ashley, 
 Thomas Millen, 
 William Barnes, 
 " Benjamin Majo, 
 " Timothy Murphy, 
 > Dennis Coughlin, 
 
 Left in Richmond 
 
 i* i tt 
 
 Sent to Columbia 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 269 
 
 Sailor D. Hall, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 " D. Finley, " " " " 
 
 " J. Gartside, " " " 
 
 " L. A. Horton, Exchanged 
 
 S. W. Houston, 
 
 " E. W. Hale, Sent to Alabama 
 
 " P. B. Whitmore, " " 
 
 " W. B. Wallace, " " 
 
 " Michael Tennesey, Discharged 
 
 THE FOLLOWING NAMES APPEAR IN THE OFFICIAL RECORD. NO 
 STATE, COMPANY OR REGIMENT RECORDED. 
 
 Lieutenant Colonel S. Bowman, Sent to New Orleans 
 
 Captain A. G. Kellogg, Sent to North Carolina 
 
 Lieutenant Fred Mossback, " * " " 
 
 " Oscar Herringer, " " " " 
 
 Sergeant E. H. Chase, " " " 
 
 Private M. C. Canstin, 
 
 " George Emerson, 
 
 " William Fisk, 
 
 " W. Hartshorn, 
 
 Charles Hauxhurst, 
 
 * Jacob Hank. 
 
 " John Haif, 
 
 William Kellej, 
 
 " Frank Klechman, 
 
 41 Henry Leoford, 
 Ed Murphy, 
 
 * L. L. Mageon, 
 
 " James Prive, 
 
 " Gottifield Rossburg, 
 
 " P. Henry Wilson, 
 
 Eugene Sullivan, 
 
 " Thomas T. Sinclair, 
 
 " Christopher Spade, 
 
 * F. Southall, 
 
 * George Welsh, 
 
270 RICHMOND PRISONS 
 
 CONFEDERATE STATES ARMY. 
 NORTH CAROLINA. 
 
 FOURTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Priyate McDannel, 
 
 " John McKenney, 
 " John McAnally. 
 
 A. T. N. Barker, 
 Thomas Ilogan, 
 
 William Ward, 
 " Michael Bresnaugh, 
 " John Hart, 
 
 SOUTH CAROLINA. 
 
 Citizen J. W. Jones, 
 
 MISSISSIPPI. 
 
 SECOND REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private William Brown , Sent to Richmond 
 
 TWENTY-FIRST REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY E. 
 
 Private O. Johnson. 
 " James Joyce. 
 
 FLORIDA. 
 
 Mate D. D. Washburn. 
 Second Mate A. M. Nicholson. 
 Cook Sanford Fagan. 
 Sailor Charles Hempstead. 
 " C. F. Smith. 
 
 LOUISIANA. 
 
 SIXTH REGIMENT. 
 COMPANY H. 
 
 Private William Niffing. 
 
RICHMOND PRISONS 2J i 
 
 SEVENTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY C. 
 
 Private James O Reily. 
 
 EIGHTH REGIMENT. 
 
 COMPANY B. 
 
 Private Hugh Phelan. 
 
 COMPANY K. 
 
 Private William H. Stephenson. 
 
 THIRTEENTH REGIMENT. 
 EIGHTH COMPANY. 
 
 Private James Hamilton. 
 
 CITIZENS. 
 
 Samuel Dewell, Released 
 
 Samuel Nelken, 
 
 G. R.Latham, Sent home 
 
 R. N. Clark, 
 
 Henry Ledford, Sent to North Carolina 
 
 Sailor J. L. Nye. 
 
 David Cressy. 
 
 " John Eldridge. 
 
 " Elisha Devvey. 
 
 FLOYD S BRIGADE. 
 
 Colonel Adler, Sent to County Jail 
 
 Sergeant M. S. Rossvalley, 
 
 MARYLAND. 
 
 Citizen Pat Graham, Sent home 
 
 CANADA. 
 
 Citizen John Hurdly. 
 
 MISSOURI. 
 
 Citizen Henry Stover. 
 
 WASHINGTON, D. C. 
 
 Citizen J. C. Clark, Sent to Tuscaloosa 
 
 Thomas Hooper. 
 
 [THE END.] 
 
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