PICTURESQUE MEMORIALS 
 
 OF 
 
 WINCHESTER. 
 
 DEDICATED BY PERMISSION TO THE BIGHT REVEREND THE WARDEN AND THE REVEREND 
 
 THE FELLOWS OF WINCHESTER COLLEGE. 
 
 WINCHESTER: 
 
 KOBBINS AND WHEELEK, BOOKSELLERS TO THE COLLEGE. 
 
 1830. 
 
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 IV
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 1. THE ANCIENT CITY CROSS. 
 
 2. VIEW FROM COLEBROOK STREET. 
 
 3. VIEW IN THE CLOSE : THE CHEYNEY COURT. 
 
 4. THE COLLEGE TOWER, LIBRARY, AXD MILL. 
 
 5. THE CONVENTUAL KITCHEN. 
 
 6. THE DEANERY, OR PRIOr's QUARTERS. 
 
 7. THE WEST GATE OF THE CITY. 
 
 8. ST. PETEr's CHURCH, CHEESEHILL STREET. 
 
 9. THE MONASTIC HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS. 
 
 10. HALL OF ST. CROSS HOSPITAL. 
 
 11. WINCHESTER COLLEGE THE ENTRANCE GATE AND WARDEn's LODGE. 
 
 12. ST John's street and church. 
 
 13. CHAPEL OP WINCHESTER COLLEGE, FROM THE QUADRANGLE. 
 
 14. WEST GATE, FROM THE HIGH STREET. 
 
 15. DISTANT VIEW OF ST. CROSS, FROM THE MEADOWS. 
 
 16. PRIOR SILKSTEDe's CHAPEL. 
 
 17. WOLVESEY CASTLE. 
 
 18. INTERIOR OF THE CHOIR OF WINCHESTER CATHEDRAL.
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 The scienca of Topography, or rather the aspect under which it appears before the pubHc, has 
 undergone a complete and most important renovation since the commencement of the present century. 
 The wearisomeness of trifling detail, the blindness alike to the principles and the niceties of art, and the 
 careless asperities of style and diction characteristic of the older school, have been no less gratefully 
 exchanged for comprehensiveness of illustration, manliness of judgment, and elegance of language, 
 than its cumbrous form and awkvpard decorations for every attraction that can be derived trom typo- 
 graphical and pictorial embellishment. 
 
 Within a still more recent period, however, a further advance, not less agreeable than surprising, 
 has taken place in the same department of literature ; by which the splendour of topographical deco- 
 ration is maintained and even enhanced, while the expenses of its circulation are brought within a 
 compass suitable to the pretensions not of peers and princes only, but of the vast, the intellectual, and 
 enlightened mass of the community. 
 
 As a general means of gratifying literary taste, no light advantages may be anticipated from 
 this extended influence of Topography. But, besides this, there is a nobler philosophy, as well 
 as a deeper policy, than has yet been properly developed, in attaching men, by examples of natural and 
 artificial beauty, to the scenes of their childhood, education, residence, or other less direct associations ; 
 in unfolding to their view every hidden resource, and teaching them to love and revere whatever is 
 lovely and venerable around them ; in investing, as far as may be, the natural charms of Iiome with 
 those outward fascinations, which we are too apt to attribute only to distant and unknown regions ; in 
 thus adding one more to the many other inducements that might be urged for domestic gratitude and 
 content — reviving the recollections of the absent, and fixing the afiiictions of the wavering. 
 
 But it is not to the tenant of one particular neighbourhood, still less to dispositions exclusively Hterary 
 or antiquarian, that publications of this kind, to afi'ect a general service, should be accommodated. An 
 appeal is here made to the feelings of all, whose interests are in any manner identified with those of that 
 extensive County— the Metropohs of which is now, for the first time, faithfully and freely delineated— 
 as well as to the tastes of all who know, or who would learn to appreciate, the relics we still retain of the 
 art and judgment of our forefathers. In the execution of the Plates, neither patience nor expense has 
 ■ been withheld ; and although the Descriptive Sketches that accompany them assume but a subsidiary 
 rank, they have been compiled with scrupulous regard to veracit}', without a banen subservience to 
 historical or chronological minuticB.
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 These interesting symbols of religious faith and worship, the stone Crosses 
 of antiquity, were dedicated to a great variety of purposes. The principal 
 denominations under which we now distinguish them are, the Preaching Crosses 
 in Church-yards, Market Crosses, Street or High-way Crosses, Sepulchral 
 Crosses, Crosses of Memorial, and Land-marks.— fFo*^>ro/l-e* Encydopcedia 
 of Antiquities.) 
 
 The beautiful little structure which confers celebrity on a retired nook in 
 the High Street of Winchester, was probably connected, in the first instance, 
 with the contiguous Church of St. Lawrence ; but being aftera'ards severed 
 from its parent edifice by a line of lofty houses, it has since been currently 
 assigned to the tutelage of the Market. Its age is appropriated, among the Essays 
 of the Antiquarian Society, to the reign of Edward I., who himself erected, in 
 1392, a continued line of Crosses, fifteen in number, to mark the towns in 
 which the body of his deceased queen, Eleanor, was set down in its journey 
 from Lincoln to Westminster. But the more general, and perhaps the more 
 consistent, opinion, attributes it to the period of Henry VL; who established a 
 ' Fraternity of the Holy Cross' towards the middle of the fifteenth century, 
 with directions to set up the emblems of their calling throughout every part ot 
 his dominion. 
 
 The edifice before us consists of three principal stories, supported by four 
 arches and a central shaft, which rise from five octagonal steps. Within a
 
 THE CROSS, WINCHESTER. 
 
 niche on the western side of the second story, stands the full-length figure of 
 a young man in Roman habit, holding in his right hand an olive branch, the 
 token of martyrdom, and in his left what would seem to be the mutilated 
 remains of a book. Milner supposes this personage to be either St. Aniphi- 
 ballus, the British martyr, to whom the Cathedral was once dedicated, or else 
 St. Lawrence, who suffered in the cause of religion at Rome. Others have 
 conjectured that it represents St. John, and that the vacant niches on the other 
 sides were appropriated to the other three Evangelists. The image now 
 remaining originally stood towards the north ; and the obscurity of that 
 recess was no doubt the cause of its preservation, as well as of its subsequent 
 removal. 
 
 The central column rises high above the rest, to the height of three and 
 forty feet, and is crowned by the figure of the Cross. The arches are all richly 
 decorated with canopies, and the shafts with pinnacles and flowers. The 
 appearance of the whole is uncommonly light and elegant, and its condition 
 little injured beyond the necessary decay of time. The alterations of the city, 
 in 1770, had very nearly proved fatal to its existence; but the citizens rose 
 with one accord, and drove away the workmen employed by the Commissioners 
 of the Pavement to remove their honoured rehc into the grounds of Mr. 
 /■y^y Duamer, to whom it had been clandestinely disposed of. — (Gentlemaris 
 \ Magazine for 1811 ; Milner s IVinton ; Brittons Architectural Antiquities.)
 
 H-
 
 PLATE II. 
 
 Wit\o m Cotrijrool^ street- 
 
 The entire Street, from whence a favourable spot presents the pleasing 
 group of objects here delineated, constitutes three sides of a square : the fourth 
 side is supplied by a portion of the High Street. Within this spacious area 
 once stood a variety of venerable structures, now long since swept away : the 
 names, and the names alone, are still preserved, of the Collegiate Chapel and 
 Charnel House of the Holy Trinity, and of St. Mary's of the Linen Web, 
 which originally bounded the northern side ; of St. Mary's Abbey, with its 
 convent and gardens, occupying the central space ; and of the Parish Church of 
 St. Peter's, Colebrook, near the south-eastern angle. The range of houses, 
 given on the left of our View, has supplanted the ancient wall and towers of 
 Wolvesey Castle ; contiguous to which ensued the eastern enclosure of St. 
 Swithun's Priory. — (Milner, vol. ii. chap. 9.) 
 
 But the principal charm of the scene before us lies a little farther oft'; 
 where the Cathedral choir exhibits the rich and varied tracery of its lofty 
 window, rising from the sculptured parapet of the Lady Chapel, crowned by 
 its pediment, and flanked by octagonal tuiTets, — all indented with the most 
 delicate tracery, and supporting, rather than supported by, the flying buttresses 
 that spring from the aisles beneath. Beyond, extends the dark outline of the 
 Norman transept; whilst, above all, the massive tower flings its solemn shadow 
 over roof and windows into the church-yard behind it. 
 
 The gardens attached to several of the prebendal houses lie clustered in
 
 VIEW IN COLEBROOK STREET. 
 
 calm seclusion around this portion of the building; which, considered alto- 
 gether, and in spite of some partial drawbacks, has been ever deemed the 
 second, and must from henceforth rank the foremost, in age, extent, variety, 
 and grandeur, of the Christian Temples of Great Britain. — (See Brittons 
 Winton Cathedral.)
 
 /■; v.^ji&f-^ 
 
 '0^^%nt/'^rai>^, .^o^:
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 €\o^t 6atf, anti CibcBneg Court. 
 
 The Close or Cathedral Gate forms the south-western boundary of that 
 extensive area, which was formerly occupied by the Priory of St. Swithun. In 
 tiie stone-work, as it now stands, we probably behold an original vestige of 
 that establishment; but the oaken door-ways are recorded to have been 
 destroyed by fire in the riots of 1264. 
 
 It is conjectured that Cheyney Court derives its title from the French word, 
 cfi^ne, an oak-tree ; — ' la Cour tenue sous le Ch('ne.' If this be correct, the very 
 simplicity of such a practice bespeaks an anti((uity probably coaeval with the 
 aboriginal inhabitants of our island. On this subject, in the absence of his- 
 torical fact, 'function' must necessarily be 'smothered in surmise.' Yet it 
 may not be amiss to notice by the way, that the Scandinavians, a rude 
 and barbarous people, describe their gods as assembling daily under the ash 
 i/gdrasil, to administer justice ; that the legal representatives of the Basques, 
 a people at the foot of the Pyrennees, lean, when in office, with their backs 
 against a circle of ancient oaks ; and if the religion of the Druids had not 
 been of so esoteric a character, we might probably have learned that their 
 gods assembled under the same canopy upon the like occasions. In many 
 parts of England certain copyhold courts are, to this day, formally opened 
 under a tree, and then adjourned by the steward to some neighbouring house, 
 for the more convenient dispatch of business. — (Edda Island, Edit. Goranson; 
 LEvmite en Provence, Si;c.)
 
 CLOSE GATE, AND THEYNEY COURT. 
 
 Tlie range of houses in front, though not entitled to the rank of very remote 
 antiquity, are yet sufficiently picturesque, with their arched doors, projecting 
 windows, and high decorated gables, to commemorate the spot once hallowed 
 as the stranger's apartments to the Monastery.
 
 PLATE IV, 
 
 CSe College Cotoer, 3lil)rar6, anti Miih 
 
 To one, whose earliest and fondest recollections of health, friendship, and 
 enjoyment, are identified with the studies and recreations of Wykeham's 
 College, the scene now before him will present a combination of charms, 
 which render it, in every signification, 'holy ground.' 
 
 The centre is occupied by the stately and ornamental figure of the Chapel 
 Tower, erected by Warden Thurbern about forty years posterior to the main 
 body of the building, which is seen extending along the right; though a walk 
 round the Warden's Garden is necessary to bring to view its noblest feature, 
 the Eastern Window of painted glass, in which the invention and talent 
 of the artist 
 
 " So sublime appear, 
 " Tliey check our pleasure with an awful fear ; 
 " While, through the mortal line, the God we trace, 
 " Author himself, and heir of Jesse's race." * 
 
 A little nearer to the fore-ground, and rising from the area of the Cloisters, 
 stands the beautiful little Chantry, dedicated by John Fromond, in 1430, to the 
 daily celebration of masses for the soul of the munificent Founder. For some 
 years after the Reformation, this building was suffered to lie neglected ; but 
 was at length applied, in 1629, to its present purpose; and, by the grateful 
 donations of those indebted to the same establishment for their instruction — (an 
 
 * " The Genealogy of Christ, as represented in the Chapel Window ;" a Poem, written at the Col- 
 lege, by Robert Lowth, afterwards Bishop of London. — Pearch's Collection ; vol. iv. p. 114.
 
 THE COLLEGE TOWER, LIBRARY, AND MILL. 
 
 example, it were to be wished, of more universal prevalence at the present 
 (lay) — so materially augmented, as to have now become an extensive, curious, 
 and highly valuable collection of printed books and manuscripts in almost every 
 department of literature. The interior of the Library is divided into two 
 stories, and no less admirably calculated by the style of its architecture and 
 arrangement, than by the seclusion and solemnity of its situation, among the 
 momimental records of the good, the pious, and the charitable of former 
 ages, to temper the mind for study and contemplation. 
 
 The trees upon the left "are within the precincts of the play-ground. In a 
 meadow, on the right of the mill-stream, once stood the College of St. Elizabeth 
 of Hungary, founded by Bishop John de Pontissara, in 1301, and sacrificed, 
 with so many other institutions of the kind, to the ungodly avarice of King 
 Henry VIII. After the drought of a hot summer, the outline of its walls may 
 be distinctly traced upon the turf.
 
 Fl nr
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 Cfje Conbfittual lattcl^cn. 
 
 The Kitchen, together with the Public Refectory, and suite of offices 
 attached to it, were all ranged along the Western side of the great quadrangle ; 
 and many remains of early English door-ways, windows, and buttresses, 
 are yet visible in a small court-yard behind the Prebendal House, from which 
 our view of the Kitchen is derived. 
 
 This singular apartment remains in a state of the finest preservation ; 
 the stone-work has been cleared of every adherence, and now presents an 
 appearance as fresh as when originally cemented into its present forms and 
 combinations. 
 
 The vaulted ceiling, strengthened by ponderous ribs, diagonally arranged, 
 verges from a central column, to corresponding semi-columns inserted in 
 the surrounding walls. These shafts are low and circular; but they are 
 not, on that account, to be attributed, of necessity, to an early period of 
 Norman Architecture. Indeed, the capitals of the columns, as well as the 
 pointed roof, are, of themselves, almost sufficient to discountenance such a 
 supposition ; and the Cellar of St. Mary's College, in every respect very 
 similar both in design and detail, is unquestionably but coeval with the 
 other portions of that edifice. The fact is, that the masonry of a preceding 
 age was found so appropriate, by reason of its simplicity, its solemnity, 
 and its strength, to subterraneous structures, that it continued in requisition
 
 THE CONVENTUAL KITCHEN. 
 
 for those purposes, long after it had ceased to be employed on objects of 
 more display and decoration. 
 
 The door which stands open on the North led into the steward's rooms, 
 and thence again into the buttery, which nearly adjoined the South-western 
 corner of the Cathedral. — (See Milner, Vol. ti. p. 113-4.J
 
 / 
 PLATE VI. 
 
 Cjbe JBeanerg, or |3not'£l (auaitn'd. 
 
 The official abode of tlie Dean of Winchester adjoins the Southern 
 Transept of the Cathedral; and his Garden, which lies immediately under the 
 extreme wall, retains abundant traces of the ancient Chapter House. 
 
 The present entrance to the house displayed an aspect very different from 
 what we here observe, when the venerable divine, who now occupies it, first 
 took possession of his appointed residence. A smooth coat of plaster then 
 concealed every vestige of antiquity, which good taste, promoted by happy 
 accident, has since restored to view. That portion which projects upon the 
 left, though betraying on this side only the peculiarities of modern workman- 
 ship, embraces, among other relics even more ancient, the original Refectory of 
 the Priory, now divided into several apartments^, but still exhibiting, upon the 
 West, four Gothic windows, of a period not less remote than the middle of the 
 fourteenth Century ; " about the time," says Milner, " that Prior Alexander 
 entertained Bishop Orlton here with the songs of the Minstrel Herljert, con- 
 cerning the combat of Guy and Colbrand, and the fiery trial of Emma." In 
 one of these, the centre window of the present dining-hall, the arms of Charles 
 the First, and those of his Queen Henrietta Maria, are preserved in painted 
 glass. — (BaWs fVmton, p. \A0.) 
 
 At this mansion, several English monarchs have been successively enter- 
 tained. James the First and Second have both stood indebted to its hospi-
 
 THE DEANERY, OR PRIOR'S QUARTERS. 
 
 tality ; and Charles the Second is known to have enlarged and re-edified the 
 building for the accommodation of his noted favourite, Eleanor Gwynne. 
 
 The low gallery, which stretches out towards the right, contains the Dean's 
 very cKcellent and voluminous library of divinity. Somewhere to the North of 
 this spot, it is supposed, lay the Infirmary of the Convent, which was 
 approached from the Cloisters, now the Close, by the dark and lofty passage 
 still i-unning underneath the Transept.
 
 PLATE VII. 
 
 El)^ «t^t (0atf oi tilt Citg, 
 
 Among the ruins of an ancient and important city, there are not many 
 features more impressive, than those which bear record to its mihtary strength 
 and prowess at periods of intestine commotion. Unfortunately, with the evils 
 which prompted the construction of such works, the care of their preservation, 
 also, has not unfrequently disappeared ; as if even the rudest decorations of 
 art were valuable only in subservience to purposes of scientific and practical 
 utility. 
 
 Of the vast circumference of wall, by which the garrison of Winchester 
 was fonnerly environed, the vestiges grow every year less obvious ; while, of 
 the several gates and towers by which its length was interrupted, one alone 
 survives the general spoliation. Of this — the Western entrance to the High 
 Street — the main work is supposed to be contemporary with the Norman 
 Castle, and with the Chapel of St. Mary in the Ditch, which once adjoined the 
 Gate-way, and an arch of which was visible till lately upon the Eastern side. 
 These performances are attributable, on undoubted authority, to the close of 
 the eleventh century. But the pointed machicoUation along the summit of the 
 tower, whence molten lead and other destructive matter were thrown on the 
 besiegers ; the grooves for sliding the portcullis ; the corbel-figures, and the 
 shields in quatrefoils, charged mth armorial bearings of the city and kingdom ; 
 and, in short, the general facing of the entire pile, must be assigned to a 
 considerably more recent age. The gate itself is gone ; but the massive hooks 
 on either side attest the ponderous obstruction that once swung upon its
 
 THE WEST GATE OF THE CITY. 
 
 hinges. Towards the East, the building is supported by three buttresses, two 
 of them terminating in plain niches with canopies. The dungeon lies beneath 
 the southern portion ; but the upper compartment, though still denominated 
 the Keep, had degenerated, some years ago, into a billiard-room ; a " lucky 
 circumstance," according to Milner, as the expense of indemnifying the pro- 
 prietor of the table prevented the commmissioners of the pavement from 
 demolishing this, with the other city-gates, above half a century ago.
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 ^t. ^ftrrss CDurrij, €^n^mi ^tvttU 
 
 The learned in etymological refinements need scarcely be informed that 
 the Soke, a term applied generally to suburbs, and, in Winchester, to the 
 streets Eastward of the river Itchen, signifies, in Saxon dialect, " a free district 
 or domain, enjoying the privilege of having courts held, and justice adminis- 
 tered in it." — (Milner.) Still less will it be necessary to assure them, that 
 the title of Cheesehill Street is by no means intended to identify that leading 
 thoroughfare with the vulgar tradition of a fair once held in it for the disposal 
 of dairy commodities ; but with its principal decoration, the Parish Church of 
 St. Peter Chusul, which stands about the centre on the West. There are 
 traces, in this edifice, of workmanship as old as the thirteenth century ; but 
 its plan and principal details are sadly disfigured, and now barely present 
 an aspect of ecclesiastical decency and neatness. 
 
 From this, as well as several other views, occundng in the progress of our 
 series, the reader will be prepared to acknowledge that architectural order and 
 correctness are qualities totally distinct from that poetical combination of 
 charms, which may be said to constitute the Picturesque. It would be difficalt 
 for an artist to lay his finger upon any single point in the scene before us, and 
 pronounce it, on the principles of his profession, good ; and yet there are few 
 cities in England that present a greater variety of pleasing groups than that of 
 Winchester, and few in Winchester more entitled to that distinction, than 
 a perspective glance at St. Peter's, Cheesehill Street.
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 Cfic iilonastif ^o^^itnX ot M. Cro£ijj. 
 
 A TRIBUTE of universal respect, not altogether uudeservedj has been 
 lavished on the care and judgment which which the Hospital of St. Cross, 
 about a mile from Winchester, has been maintained from infancy, in its 
 domestic economy, as well as its external features, in accordance with the fnll 
 wishes of its founders. But notwithstanding the good fortune which has 
 generally attended this establishment, the number of its brethren have 
 diminished from the renewed provisions of Wykeham and Beaufort — the 
 " Hall of the Hundred Men" — to somewhat less than the primary institution 
 of De Blois ; the Southern range of cells has been swept away, and several 
 windows and minor decorations wantonly distorted and defaced. 
 
 The Hall and Gateway of the Court are among the restorations of 
 Beaufort, and exhibit a most agreeable specimen of the monastic architecture 
 of the period. The vacant niche, observed in the square tower above the 
 entrance, is believed to have once held a figure of the Virgin, which fell to the 
 ground, and was dashed to pieces, within the recollection of several inmates of 
 the place, not long deceased. 
 
 Upon the right, and occupying the Eastern side of the quadrangle, extends 
 the Ambulatory, or covered walk for invalids. The upper story was occupied 
 by an Infirmary, with apartments for three nuns, appointed to wait upon the 
 sick. At the lower extremity of the gallery, a door opened into the North 
 Transept, as still appears; through which the patients in their beds could
 
 THE MONASTIC HOSPITAL OF ST. CROSS. 
 
 Jiear divine service performed within the Chapel below. All this portion of the 
 building has undergone a change, independent of the lapse of years ; though it 
 is not improbable that the foundations and principal walls may remain as they 
 were left by the Norman mason.
 
 PLATE X. 
 
 Hall oi 3U €vo&^ ^losipital. 
 
 In no particular do we find the discrepancies between ancient and modern 
 luxury, as exemplified in their domestic arrangements, more strikingly con- 
 trasted, than in comparing a Baronial or Monastic Refectorv with the dining- 
 parlour of a modern gentleman. Nor is it altogether certain, that the comforts, 
 much less the splendours, of the festive board, appertain exclusively to later 
 days. Surely there was an air of conviviality, of confidence, of family repose 
 and triumph, in the lordly table, spread before its canopy of arras, across the 
 high pace or dais, with a double file of retainers, ranged also at their meal, 
 down either side of the area below — the faggot-fire in the middle, the minstrel's 
 gallery at the lower end, occasionally graced by the ladies and children of the 
 manor — and the fantastic appurtenances of chargers and ewers, peg-tankards 
 and wassail-bowls, aromatic spice-plates and figured napery, and, above all, the 
 terminus, or boundary-mark of honour, the chased and massive salt-cellar. 
 
 It is scarcely probable that the Hall of a charitable asylum for the aged and 
 infirm was ever designed to rival, either in architectural embellishment or 
 feudal pageantry, the princely apartments of Eltham, Hampton, and Longleat ; 
 and many, no doubt, of its venerable usages have lapsed into dissuetude and 
 obscurity. Yet the ponderous roof of arched oak, the deep recesses of the 
 windows, still variegated with fragments of stained glass, the panelled screen 
 communicating with the buttery and kitchen, the benediction-gallery with the 
 apartments of the Master, and the staircase at the upper end with the dorrni-
 
 HALL OF ST. CROSS HOSPITAL. 
 
 tories of the sick, attest the age and designation of the fabric ; while the 
 closed picture behind the chief seat, the scorched hearth-stones, the primitive 
 bread-tally, the leathern jacks and bottles, continue to record its peculiar 
 purposes and ceremonies.
 
 m
 
 PLATE XI. 
 
 ^t. Mnt^'^ €olltQt :— a^ntiance (Bntt aiiti OTavticu'^ ?totise. 
 
 The long dead wall, extending from the Head Master's House to the outer 
 gate, and comprising the brew-house, porter's lodge, and other offices, affords 
 rather an uninviting approach to the vestibule of Winchester College. The 
 gateway itself, however, constitutes a redeeming feature. A canopy, above the 
 arch, supported by mutilated busts of Wykeham and his patron, Edward HI., 
 still presents us with a statue of his favourite saint, the Virgin Mary, with her 
 crown and sceptre, supporting the infant Saviour to her bosom. The vaulted 
 groining underneath, which has lately been relieved, with excellent effect, from 
 accumulated coats of whitewash, is studded with a variety of decorative bosses, 
 including the arms of the Founder in the centre. The outer court is inter- 
 sected by the Warden's House, a comparatively modern edifice of brick, which 
 unfortunately intrudes upon the eastern wing of the second gateway, so as 
 somewhat to detract from the space and uniformity of the scene. The apart- 
 ments within are commodious, and the picture-gallery particularly interesting 
 to antiquarian visitors, from the numerous portraits it exhibits of eminent and 
 pious worthies, educated, for centuries in succession, under the same muni- 
 ficent establishment. Among these, a Wykehamist of the present generation 
 will esteem not the least interesting, that of the present venerable Warden, by 
 Sir Thomas Lawrence. 
 
 The paved walk, continued along the garden-wall, is the great high-way, on 
 holidays and summer evenings, for two hundred merry school-boys, on their 
 journey to St. Catharine's Hill and the banks of " silver Itchen."
 
 PLATE XII. 
 
 M, 3oW^ Mvttt antJ Cfiui'cf). 
 
 St. John's Street in the Soke, the old entrance into Winchester from the 
 Alresford Road, branches from the North side of the High Street, corresponding 
 with Cheesehill Street upon the South. The Church, which stands upon a 
 gentle rise, is distinguished, by its simple solemnity and unalloyed antiquity, over 
 the other Parish Churches throughout the city. Its earliest vestiges of archi- 
 tecture, though frequently assigned to the aera of the Conquest, are not in 
 reality characteristic of a period more remote than the reign of Edward II. 
 The body of the building is divided into a chancel and side-aisles, of equal 
 height ; and the windows, especially the large one at the Eastern extremity, 
 retain considerable relics of painted glass. The chantries were originally 
 endowed with great wealth, and an unappropriated altar-tomb, of a style 
 nearly contemporary with the main structure, testifies that the ashes of honour- 
 able men have reposed within its walls. The clock was presented by King 
 Charles II. about the year 1685.— r.Vee Ball, p. 192-4.;
 
 Ji 
 
 '/'/-y' ./^/y/y
 
 PLATE XIII. 
 
 €5aprl ^ llall oi OTmdbfsiter CoUrge, from tfje auatrrangle. 
 
 The first enquiries of a connoisseur, in visiting any collegiate or monastic 
 pile, are directed towards the Chapel and Refectory. Those of Wykeham's 
 School will hardly disappoint the expectations of the most sanguine, who look 
 for nothing less than consummate excellence in the favourite hequest of that 
 great prelate of architecture. 
 
 Nothing can be imagined more noble than the proportions of the Chapel. 
 Its windows, in particular, which have lately been replenished by Messrs. Bettoii 
 and Evans, of Shrewsbury, with as much success as the art of staining glass at 
 the present day admits, are exceeded, in outline and detail, by nothing of their 
 kind in the whole range of Gothic elegance. The finials of the buttresses have 
 also been restored since the drawing of the present Plate was executed ; and 
 those who know best the spirit and science evinced by the Fellows of the 
 College in these and other reparations, despair not of one day seeing the whole 
 interior of the Chapel restored to its primitive uniformity of decoration. 
 
 The Hall is another object of no less interest, and in still more perfect 
 preservation, than the Chapel. The roof is open to the timbers, and the 
 recesses of the windows are encircled by stone seats ; while the dais, the screen, 
 the poor man's tub for broken viands, the hatches for bread and trenchers, 
 and the tables and benches of massive oak, testify the simplicity of scholastic 
 times and manners to have descended without interruption from the mastership 
 of Nicholas Uvedale.
 
 WINCHESTER COLLEGE, FROM THE QUADRANGLE. 
 
 The Cellar has already been alluded to, in comparison with the Conventual 
 Kitchen in the Close. The Trusty Servant, in the vestibule of the Larder, is 
 at least a chef-d'oeuvre of the grotesque, and even the Juniors' Conduit retains 
 some vestiges of original propriety and taste.
 
 PLATE XIV. 
 
 Wit^t (0ate, from tftt m^ MvttU 
 
 The only City Gate which now remains of the original fortifications of 
 Winchester, has been so minutely described in illustration of a former Engraving, 
 that nothing farther need be observed, in reference to the Eastern Portal here 
 delineated, but that, like the exterior front, it has been entirely re-cased in 
 workmanship of a period long subsequent to that of its first construction.
 
 / 
 
 V^-Vv —
 
 PLATE XV. 
 
 23is!tant Wit\xi of M. €vo^&, from tftt Mtntio'm&, 
 
 There is something in the very atmosphere of St. Cross, congenial with 
 the memorials of antiquity. The general outline of the structure, its doors, 
 buttresses, and windows, its low circumference of wall, its taper chimnies, 
 peeping at intervals above the roof of mossy stone, its position stretched along 
 the 'crumbling margin'* of classic Itchen, its tnrretted gateway, its sombre, 
 high, and ponderous chapel, its narrow cloister and casemented cells, all conspire 
 to cheat the imagination into a belief, that in another moment a train of hooded 
 monks will issue from their shivering matins or noon-day beaver, — that the 
 grey-headed brother, with his bonnet, cloak, and silver cross, is yet an abste- 
 mious disciple of Benedict or Augustine, or a pensioner of St. John of Jerusalem. 
 
 The chapel, with the exception of the western front, is entirely the work 
 of De Blois ; and is remarkable, not only as exhibiting the richest combination 
 of architectural forms known at the period of its erection, but as having sup- 
 plied the basis of one of the most ingenious doctrines that have yet been pro- 
 mulgated on the origin of the pointed style; which is clearly exhibited in the 
 intersection of several circular arches in the upper story of the chancel. — 
 (See Milner, v. ii. c. 1.) 
 
 * Rev. W. L. Bowles's Sonnet to the River Itchen.
 
 PLATE XVI. 
 
 ^lior ^im^tetie'^ Cfjajptl. 
 
 The Eastern side of the South Transept, the remains of the original 
 Cathedral of Bishop Walkelyu, is divided into two Chantries, or Sepulchral 
 Chapels ; the furthermost of which is distinguished as that of " good Prior 
 Silkstede," whose initials and device appear upon the cornice of the screen. 
 The spot is not consecrated by the remains of the Prior himself, which are 
 supposed by Milner to lie interred at the back of the altar, before the "'Holy 
 Hole ;" but on a large flat stone, nearly opposite the entrance, is an inscription, 
 which, in the sight of many, would confer scarcely less honour on any place of 
 sepulture, than the ti'ophies of a Mitred Abbott : — " Here resteth the body of 
 Mr. Isaac Walton, who died the 15th of December, 1683." His epitaph, in 
 venerable rhyme, has been frequently transcribed ; but whether we regard the 
 number and beauty of the Editions continually published of " Honest Isaac's 
 Angler," or the minute researches of his Biographers, from the pages of Dr. 
 Thomas Zouch,* to those of the Rev. W. L. Bowles,f and N. H. Nicolas, Esq.:}: 
 we cannot but in either case conclude, that the enthusiasm in favour of this 
 fascinating patriarch is not confined either to the Fisherman or the Antiquary; 
 and that the effects of his cheerful morality will be neither obliterated nor su- 
 perseded in the minds of the " gentle and accomplished," — no, not even by the 
 " Salmonia" of Sir Humphry Davy. 
 
 * Prefixed to an Edition of Walton's Lives, 1796. 
 
 + In his Life of Bishop Ken, the brother-in-law of Walton. 
 
 X By whom a most sumptuous Edition of the Angler, with additional Memoirs, and Designs by 
 Stothard, is announced.
 
 *
 
 PLATE XVII. 
 
 ®8aoIbr£jeg Casltlr, OTincfit^ter. 
 
 The designation of Wolvesey Castle is deduced by our best etymologists 
 from the tribute of Wolves heads, imposed by King Edgar upon the Welch, 
 and which is recorded to have been paid at this place. The principal portion 
 of the Castle, of which the ruins only now remain, was erected about the 
 middle of the r2th century, by Bishop Henry de Blois, brother of King Stephen, 
 out of the materials of the palace, built by his uncle, the Conquerer, on the site 
 of the present church-yard, which he himself removed as an encroachment on 
 the Cathedral. On the reduction of Winchester by Oliver Cromwell, in the 
 year 1646, this extensive fabric was dismantled by the troops of Sir William 
 Waller, and reduced to its present state. A modem palace was then constructed 
 by Bishops Morley and Trelawney, from a draught by Sir Christopher Wren ; 
 but this, also, was taken down, with the exception of the offices, by Bishop 
 North. — (See Milner, vol. ii. ch. &.) 
 
 The Keep and Quadrangle of the Castle are now little else than a scene of 
 picturesque decay. A larger mass than common, formerly composing the 
 North-eastern angle of the enclosure, exhibits some fine examples of the pellet 
 and triangular mouldings, and other sculpture of a superior order. But the 
 chapel alone has escaped the general devastation, and presents a favourable 
 specimen of that late style, when, by the depression of the pointed arch, the 
 very essence of its Gothic character was beginning irrevocably to evaporate.
 
 PLATE XVIII. 
 
 ^ixttviot oi tbt Cljoii' m WLincWttt Catibetirai 
 
 It has been remarked, that an effect pecuHarly imposing arises from the 
 gradual ascent, contrived at different intervals between the Western Entrance 
 and the High Altar of Winchester Cathedral. Upon looking back from this 
 exalted spot, behind the coffin-tomb of William Rufus, we trace the immense 
 extent of intersecting ribs along the roof of the nave, gradually fading in 
 the distance, till they converge in the apex of the splendid window which 
 terminates the view. The Southern Transept, opening upon the leit, denotes 
 the point of intersection, though the Norman lantern of the tower is unfor- 
 tunately excluded from view by a boarded partition constructed in the time of 
 Charles I. The opening of the North Transept is principally occupied by the 
 organ, — an arrangement which has given occasion to much discussion, and on 
 the propriety of which it is still no easy matter to decide. The stall-work is 
 of ancient oak, most elaborately and tastefully enriched with crocketted 
 canopies and pinnacles, and crowned with finials of leaves and flowers. The 
 pulpit is also a very elegant composition, and bears the name of Prior Silkstede, 
 by whom it was probably presented. — (See Brittotis IVinton Cath.J 
 
 The Episcopal Throne is a novel feature in the Choir. It was erected a 
 few years ago from a design by Mr. Garbett, in place of a Corinthian stracture 
 presented by Bishop Trelawney in 1707. The details of the present work are 
 nearly all copied from existing specimens in the Choir and other parts of the 
 Cathedral ; yet are so blended, as to form an original, though perfectly harmo- 
 nious, combination. — (Hants Mag. p. 75-Q.J
 
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