i
E\)t StutientjS' Series of Hatin Classics
PETRONIUS
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS
EDITED, WITH IXTRODUCTIOX AND COMMENTARY
BY
WILLIAM E. WATERS, Ph.D.
PROFESSOR IN NEW YORK UNIVERSITY
ov TToW aWa ttoXv
• ••,••». • • r
• •••• ». •,*,
• • •••• • •••• ♦.,•*••• ••
• • .• : •. ; •; :/.•.
BEXJ. H. SAXBORX & CO.
CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON
1917
COPTEIQHT, 1902,
By WILLIAM E. WATERS.
Norhjooti 53regs
J. 8. Cushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith
Norwood Mass. U.S.A.
PREFACE
This edition of the dinner scene at Trimalchio's house,
an episode in the Satirae of Petronius, is based upon the
text as established by Biicheler. I have occasionally
departed from his readings, but only, as a rule, where he
himself was in doubt, and other conjectural readings
could be made with equal or greater plausibility. In the
preparation of my commentary I have been under special
obligation not only to Friedlander's edition of the Cena
Trinialchionis, and the reviews of the same, particularly
in the Berliner Philologische Woclienschrift and the Classi-
cal Eevieiv, but also to the valuable contributions on
the language of Petronius in the Archiv fUr Lateinische
Lexicographie, to Heraeus for his comparisons with the
Corpus Glossariorum, and to Otto for the comparative
study of numerous redensarten peculiar to Petronius. I
am also indebted to professors in the Latin departments
of Columbia University for very valuable suggestions and
assistance in the preparation of the commentary, as well
as in the reading of a considerable portion of the proof.
I must express my special obligation to Professor Peck
iii
449839
iv PREFACE
for his helpful criticisms, and to Professor Lodge for the
kindness he has shown in permitting me the full and
free use of his large library at all times.
The Cena Trimalchionis is fairly entitled to a place of
prominence in the study of Eoman life and literature.
It reveals an important side of life in the early years of
our era, in all its naturalness and with perfect truthful-
ness, and is to that extent of the same value as the plays
of Plautus or the Letters of Cicero. The name of Petro-
nius has been anathema to a large number of Latin
scholars, but in the Cena his piiritas is no longer impu-
rissima, and what he discloses there concerning the lan-
guage, life, and customs of a very influential portion of
Italian society in the closing years of the Republic and
at the dawn of the Empire makes pleasant and valuable
reading, especially as it supplements information gath-
ered from inscriptions, or from Comedy and the poets
and prose writers of the period of Petronius, or from the
discoveries which have been and are still being continu-
ally made in the excavations at Pompeii.
By far the greater portion of the text of the Cena
rests upon one manuscript alone, the Codex Tragurien-
sis (H). In this edition that portion is set in Roman
type. Where the text rests, however, upon this same
manuscript and the apographon of Scaliger, called the
Codex Leidensis (L), Italics have been employed. The
portion set in black-faced type rests upon other manu-
scripts in addition to these two. I believe that the
PREFACE V
employment of different fonts to indicate the difference
in manuscript authority has an advantage over the per-
pendiculars used by Bucheler and Friedlander.
W. E. W.
New York University,
April, 1902.
I
INTRODUCTION.
I. Petronius IX Relation to Earlier Writers of
History and Romance.
A story well told can find its ready hearers ; of
none can this probably be said with greater truth than
of the tale of exciting and varied adventure which fills
the Odyssey, and was heard by the listening Greek with
silent wonder and pride as the rhapsodist chanted and
recited from the great poem at the city or national fes-
tivals. The less mythical but extremely romantic and
entertaining histories of Herodotus, who had ];iimself
wandered quite as widely as the Ithacan, had a simi-
lar charm.^ And though the age of Pericles saw in
one historian, Thucydides, an unswerving regard for
truth and critical accuracy, yet for the Greeks, history,
especially that of foreign nations and remote countries,
remained substantially the province for more or less of
romantic and rhetorical treatment. Ktesias and Xeno-
phon had filled the minds of their countrymen with
curious tales coDcerning Persia; and Athenian orators,
expatiating at festivals and on memorial days upon the
past glories of Greece, were turning records of events
1 Compare, for example, the story told of the emotion which Thu-
cydides betrayed while listening, on a certain occasion, to the Father
of History himself. (Marcellinus, 54, in Westermann's Biog. Graec,
p. 198; see Suidas, under opyav.)
vu
Vlll INTRODUCTION.
into tales of romance, much after the fashion of modern
orators. Deinon^ of Colophon, author of a compendious
account of Persia, which has been lost, was probably one
of these many historians whose style was rhetorical
and whose purpose was entertainment. To his son, Cli-
tarchus, this account may have served as a model ; for
his talent as an historian of forcible descriptive powers is
praised, rather than his regard for truth and accuracy.^
We have it upon the authority of Cicero ^ that this Cli-
tarchus was an author who was read with special pleas-
ure by the Roman historian Cornelius Sisenna, and
exerted considerable influence upon him. As to the
nature of this influence, there is reason for believing
that Clitarchus,* whom Alexander the Great had taken
with him on his Persian campaign for the purpose of
recording its history, was a writer not only rhetorical
in his style, but strongly inclined to romancing; that
1 Deinou's history of Persia extended to the year 340 B.C., the date
of the conquest of Egypt by Artaxerxes III.
2 Quint. X. 1, 74: Clitarchi probatur ingenium, fides infamatur.
3 Cicero, De legibus, i. 2: "Sisenna eius amicus omnes adhuc no-
stros scriptores, nisi qui forte nondum ediderunt, de quibus existimare
non possumus, facile superavit. Is tamen neque orator in numero
vestro unquam est habitus et in historia puerile quiddam consectatur,
ut unum Clitarchum neque praeterea quemquam de Graecis legisse
videatur, eum tamen velle dumtaxat imitari ; quem si adsequi posset,
aliquantum ab optumo tamen abesset."
Compare Cicero's criticism of Sisenna, Brutus, 228.
4 Clitarchus was a native of Megara ; he attended Alexander on
his invasion of the Persian Empire, and was the author of a History,
in twelve books, terminating with the battle of Ipsus. He also wrote
a history of Persia, covering the period before and after Xerxes. As
to his historical accuracy, c/. Cicero, Brutus, 42: " Concessum est
rhetoribus ementiri in historiis, ut aliquid dicere possint argutius ; ut
enira tu nunc de Coriolano, sic Clitarchus^ sic Stratocles de Themi-
stocle finxit."
INTRODUCTION. IX
his influence tended to make the writing of history
biographical, and that history thus written — from the
standpoint of the study of individual heroes — was what
specially attracted Sisenna and made him, in adopting
this style of treatment from Clitarchus, the probable pro-
totype of Sallust.^ It is natural, therefore, that Sisenna,
historian and biographer though he truly was, should have
also translated those purely romancing and fictitious nar-
ratives, the Milesian Tales of Aristides,- in which he found
the same attractive and historical style — certainly the
same form of biographical treatment — as in the histories
of Clitarchus, which were his models and masterpieces.
^ Cf. Sallust, Jug. 95, 2: " L. Sisenna, optume et diligentissime
omnium qui eas [Sullanas] res dixere persecutus, parum mihi libero
ore locutus videtur.
2 None of the X6701 epwri/co/ of Aristides has come down to us ;
the famous tale of the Widow of Ephesus. told by Petronius in chap-
ters 111-112, furnishes r. very good cle"/ to his witty style and choice
of theme. The ipojTiKa iradrjfxara of Partheuius. which have come
down to us, but in meagre and colorless outlines, probably lacked the
freshness as well as the grace and smoothness of the tales of Aristides,
though they were doubtless written with great effect. Cf. Christ, § 608 ;
H. T. Peck, Trimalchio's Dinner, p. 21 ff. The X6701 ipcoTiKoi super-
seded the erotic elegy, and indeed the Xew Comedy with its countless
plots depicting the course of love in its anxious and unhappy moments.
Just so soon as the poetic treatment of love motives had virtually dis-
appeared from the stage, and Menander and Diphilus were read from
books only, the dialogue and the cantica had to go their way, and a
form of composition was evolved, better adapted for mere perusal.
This caused the sacrifice of the metrical clothing: rhythmical prose
was a sufficient substitute. At the same time the novel reached a
greater freedom of invention, by breaking from the traditional realism
of what we call " studies in social life." In comparison with the elegy
and the dramatic comedy, whose very form implies a large amount of
aesthetic pleasure through the means of literary art, the purpose of the
prose novelette and short story was to make romance subserve enter-
tainment only.
X INTRODUCTION.
From the conquest of Carthage and the fall of Corinth,
there existed in Rome a growing philhellenic aristocracy,
delighted by the refined civilization and entertaining
literature of Greece, fond of listening to the episodes of
the Odyssey and witnessing the comedies of Diphilus and
Menander, as Terence and Plautus brought them upon
the stage. In the time of Sisenna, however, many of
these families had degenerated into an idle, ease-loving
aristocracy, for whom, in the decline of the drama and
the lack of originality upon the stage, the romances of
Aristides were an attractive substitute.
It is these Milesian Tales to which we turn in finding
for Petronius his proper setting among Latin writers ;
for, although his writings are called Satirae, Petronius
was not a satirist, but a romancer. Though both the
Milesian Tales and Sisenna's translations, with the ex-
ception of a bare dozen lines, have perished, yet we
may form a fairly adequate impression of their nature.
They usually depicted the tempestuous course of true
love ; yet they were not such novels as George Eliot
and Thomas Hardy have given us ; for in these there
is great unity and directness, due not alone to the
individuality of the chief personages, but to the psy-
chological treatment of evolution or decay of character;
which indeed forms the charm of these authors. The
Milesian Tales were mere amusing stories, full of inci-
dents, devoid of development, crowned with an end at
last which suited the virtues or vices of the hero ^ and
1 How problematic this is, however, can be seen from recent discus-
sion. Cf. Verhandlungen der 30'^"- Philologenversammlung, p. 55, and
Rhein. Mus. xlviii. 1893, p. 125, where Rohde maintains that these tales
were short, disconnected stories like those of Boccaccio or Chaucer.
?i
INTRODUCTION. xi
was in fair accord with the sympathies which the story
awakened in the reader. Their modern analogues are
some of the more highly seasoned of Chaucer's Canter-
bury Tales, or such pure unbounded romances as Steven-
son's Treasure Island. It is doubtful whether the Spanish
picaresque tales may be cited as in any way suggestive
of, or related to, Petronius' Satirae}
Sisenna's translations were in all probability read
Burger believes that they were each complete in themselves and more
on the order of novels than short stories ; cf. Hermes, xxvii, 1892, p. Mo.
If it is borne in mind that the Milesian Tale was in the beginning an
encroachment upon the field of the New Comedy, it may be seen that
probably both Rohde and BUrger are right. At first the tale would not
much differ from a prose rendering of the plot of a comedy, a kind of
explanatory libretto. Such productions would be found to be popular
and interesting " short stories." It would next come to be worth while
to invent and write other " original stories " on their pattern ; the way
would thus be paved for the writing of long original stories into which
the writer put all the literary art which he possessed.
1 " Although the picaresque tale was indigenous to Spain, its elements
had existed earlier and elsewhere in literature. The Greek novels had
employed pirates and robbers with unfailing regularity. In them leaders
of land and water thieves were prominent figures, although these as
rogues could claim no merit or special character; for in the Greek
novel, which was fitted to live again only in the heroic genre of Gom-
berville, Calprenede, Scude'ry, even the rogues were heroes, not anti-
heroes. The Plautine comedy had offered a nearer approach to the
ideal of Spanish roguery in the Epidicus, Mostellaria, or Persa, for the
intriguing slave and the parasite of the classic stage bore some resem-
blance to the picaro living by his wits. Encolpius, in the Satyricon of
Petronius Arbiter, has been hailed as the forerunner of Spanish rogues,
and the facts that most of the Peninsular picaresque authors were classi-
cists, and that Petronius in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries had
a special vogue, have been adduced as proving a probable bond between
the Satyricon and the romances of roguery. But the low-life adven-
tures of the decadent voluptuary, or the excesses of the feast of Tri-
malchio, have little in common with the shifts of the unfortunate rascal
in service." Cf. Chandler, Romances of Roguery, p. 3.
xil INTRODUCTION.
with great delight. Ovid^ was certainly acquainted
with them. One of their effects was the sanctioning
and further extension of that romantic coloring which
Roman historians and writers of travel were putting into
their works. Livy furnishes a marked instance of such
an effect.
But the special form of literary art which Petronius
adopted had been subject in the fifty or sixty years pre-
ceding him to other vital influences, differing from these
which we have traced back to the disjointed Milesian
Tales of Aristides and his fellows. We refer to the
accounts of wonderful voyages and strange adventures
written by Roman travellers, which by their biographical
treatment pointed the way to the transition from stories
of varied and loosely related situations to creations of
a higher type possessing unity and order. There are
greater unity and order in the Odyssey than in the Iliad,
or in a novel of Thackeray's than in the Arabian Nights.
It was the great Roman encyclopedist, Varro, author of
the Periplus, a journey around the world, who won popu-
lar acceptance for this artistic treatment of tales of
travel. Others followed in his footsteps ; we can name
at least two, Statins Sebosus and Lucius Manilius.^ The
former was a voyager whom Pliny mentions as one of
1 Cf. Ovid, Tristia, ii. 443: " Vertit Aristidem Sisenna, nee obfuit
illi I historiae turpis inseruisse iocos."
2 To this, Heinze is opposed, who believes it impossible to prove that
these writers showed any approach to free treatment. However, the
transition from the realism of accounts of actual travel to imagina-
tive accounts, like those of Lucian or Jules Verne, is very easy; the
middle ground of transition would be the occasional appearance of
what was incredible, but highly entertaining, in the midst of what was
told in sober earnest as real and true. Cf. Heinze, Hermes, xxxiv. 1899,
p. 510, n. 1; Schanz, Rum. Litteraturgesch. ii. § 395.
INTRODUCTION. xiii
his chief sources ; both apparently laid special stress
upon curiosities and things marvellous. They wrote in
order to entertain and amuse; it can be imagined that
they stretched the truth occasionally, and that fiction
and reality were hopelessly blended. Whether or not
the narrator was made to speak in his own person is
uncertain. If that was the case, there would be a close
connection between their autobiographical style and that
of Petronius, w^hich would be most interesting.
II. Petroxius axd the Mexippean Satire.
However tempting it might have been to Petronius
to write in the racy prose of the short Milesian Tale,
or of biographical or autobiographical travel with its
touches of romance, in the composition of his SaHrae^
his style is actually that of the so-called Menippean
satire ; it best suited his frolicking temper. Menippus
and that side of Varro which imitated him were congen-
ial to Petronius. This genre had certainly been long in
use, and, by breaking up the flow of the prose by means
of passages in verse, was adapted to the expression of
any personal feeling and temper on the part of the
writer or his characters, that might be seasonable. It
is probable, therefore, that the form of the Menippean
satire was the deliberate choice of Petronius. In his
times ^ the expression of personal feeling by means of
satire was very much the vogue, as the poems of Hor-
ace and Persius and Juvenal testify. In the Cena the
poetical passages contain no expression of sentiment
from Petronius himself or his spokesman, Encolpius.
1 On the date of Petronius, see chapter IV. of this Introduction.
XIV INTRODUCTION.
The three passages of this sort which occur there be-
long to Trimalchio. The Cena is, therefore, practically
a tale in pure prose.
Petronius's Satirae had, then, a free and rollicking move-
ment, which was frequently interrupted by poetical por-
tions of varying length, now in one metre, now in another,
but all serving by their satire or humor or seriousness to
give clever touches of one sort and another to the course
of the narrative.^ This is the characteristic of the Menip-
pean satire. Compare in the Cena the close of chapter 34
and the two passages in chapter 6^. More numerous
examples of these poetical passages are found, however,
in the fragments of Petronius ^ not included in the Cena.
For the origin of this style of composition, one must
go back to Timon of Phlius, about 315-226 b.c, who was
the writer par excellence of humorous satirical narratives
and dialogues aimed at social follies of various kinds,
but mainly at the philosophers, whose schools were fail-
ing in the old lines of distinction and in the dignity and
sobriety of their teachings. His silloi, as such composi-
tions were called, were in verse only ; but we are told that
in Menippus, a Syrian of G-adara,^ there was a mixture
1 Cf. the alternation of prose with verse in Shakspere, e.g. in Tem-
pest ; cf. also Alice in Wonderland, or W. W. Story's He and She,
although this is not strictly a parallel. Holmes's Autocrat frequently
drops into poetry.
2 Cf. pages 114 ff . in Biicheler's third edition of the Satirae. Berlin,
1882.
3 The origin of the peculiar form of mixture of prose and verse, so
characteristic of the satires of Menippus, as well as of Varro's imita-
tions, is explained by Hirzel, Der Dialog, i. pp. 380-389. See also
Schanz, i. § 184: "As early as the time of Gorgias and Plato this
style of composition was coming into vogue. The fondness of the
Cynics for parodying the verses of Homer, and the tragic writers espe-
I
INTRODUCTION. XV
of prose with the verse. Scarcely anything that Timon
or Menippus wrote has come clown to us, and both might
have been to us little more than mere names were it not
that the great voluminous Roman writer, M. Terentius
Varro (116-27 b.c), imitated the style of the latter in
150 books of Satirae Menijypeae, wherein, adhering quite
slavishly to the style and manner of his master, he
preached much serious wisdom through the vehicle of
satire and humor.^ These are preserved to us in a few
precious fragments,^ and furnish some fairlj^ good intima-
cially, may have influenced Meuippus of Gadara (third century b.c.)
to combine prose and verse freely in his burlesque writings, which were
doing their share in filling the place of the moribund Comedy. But it
is scarcely possible to say how and to what extent he did this." If we
may make any inference from Lucian, he probably parodied the verses
of those of whom he made sport, as Aristophanes parodies Euripides'
verses in the Frogs. That wapifdeiv, as well as simple ixifjLr)cni and
travesty, certainly played a great role in popular Latin literature, is
shown by the imitations of Varro, of Seneca, in the Apocolocyntosis,
and of Petronius. Aristides did not write his Milesian Tales in alter-
nating prose and verse; his translator, Sisenna, however, is named by
Fronto (Naber, p. 62) in a list of poets, and one little fragment of
Sisenna's, n6cte vagdtrix, seems to belong to a verse. Cf. Norden,
Kunstprosa, ii. 755 ff.
1 Says Varro (Cicero, Academica posteriora, 2, 8) : "in illis veteri-
bus nostris, quae Menippum imitati, non interpretati, quadam hilaritate
conspersimus, quo facilius minus docti intellegerent iucunditate qua-
dam ad legendum invitati, multa admixta ex intima philosophia, multa
dicta dialectice." Then, in 9, addressing Varro, Cicero says: " pluri-
mumque idem poetis nostris omninoque Latinis et litteris luminis et
verbis attulisti atque ipse varium et elegans omni fere numero poema
fecisti philosophiamque multis locis inchoasti, ad impellendum satis, ad
edocendum parum." Cf. Probus on Vergil, Ed. vi. 31 : " Varro qui est
Menippeus non a magistro, cuius aetas longe praecesserat, nominatus,
sed a societate ingenii, quod is quoque omnigeno carmine satiras suas
expoliaverat." Cf. Quiutilian, Inst. Orat. x. 1, 95; ii. 18.
2 These have been published by Biicheler in his third edition of
Petronius, pp. 161-224.
XVI INTRODUCTION.
tions of the style of the master. But it was reserved for
Lucian, fellow-countryman of Menippus, not so much to
interpret his literary style — for Lucian employs prose
alone — as to reveal the spirit of the old satirist, and, by
holding the mirror to him, to give us brilliant and fasci-
nating pictures of him in the dialogues entitled Charon^
Menippus, and Icaromenippus.
III. The Satirae and their Principal Fragment.
Although it is not evident from the composition of
the Ce7ia alone, in which we have no admixture of verse
outside of chapters 34 and 55, in form the Satirae of
Petronius are Menippean. This conclusion is reached
from a study of the fragments beyond the Ceyia, and
of the probable mise-en-sc^ne of the considerable num-
ber of poetical excerpts from Petronius which we have.
This of course does not imply that the purpose of the
metrical portions is just the same as in previous writers
who employed Menippean satire. It is the characteristic
of Petronius that he so heartilv identifies himself with
the escapades and psychological moods of his characters
that the metrical portions are not the vehicle of expres-
sion for his own sentiments alone, but for those of his
characters also, with whom, in the metrical portions, he
often merges his own personality. This change from
objective to subjective treatment in the Menippean satire
was a distinct advance.
In the free and rapid history of the adventures and
escapades of his hero, Petronius probably shows the in-
fluence of that other class of literature represented by
accounts of marvellous travel which Statins Sebosus and
INTRODUCTION. Xvii
Lucius Manilius ^ were writing at the beginning of the
first century B.C. ; their romantic element gave them
something in common with the Milesian Tales. The
hero in Petronius is a young man, by name Encolpius,
who is made to describe in his own person the experi-
ences which befell him and his comrades in a number of
places which they visited. Their travels, like those of
Odysseus, were not voluntary, but a forced wandering
begun in punishment for some violation of a temple of
the god Priapus by Encolpius.^ The anger of the offended
god becomes here, therefore, as the wrath of Poseidon
in the Odyssey, the compelling motif, causing and thus
unifying the action throughout all the episodes of the
story.^ But the time of Homer is not that of Petronius.
1 See above, p. vi; cf. Schanz, Rom. Lift. i. § 204.
2 Cf. Biicheler, 1st ed., p. vii; Friedlander, p. o; Schanz, I.e. n. 2,
p. 103. It is probably Encolpius who says in a chapter (139) at the end
of the Satirae, —
" et regnum Xeptuni pa-sit Ulixes.
me quoque per terras, per cani Nereos aequor
Hellespontiaci sequitur gravis ira Priapi."
Cf. with this his appeal to Priapus, chap. 133: —
" non sanguine tristi
perfusus venio. non templis impius bostis
admovi dextram, sed inops et rebus egenis
attritus facinus non toto corpore feci."
3 This is the theory of Elimer Klebs. The trials of Encolpius are a
parody on the woes of Odysseus, and done by Petronius with consum-
mate wit ; cf. Philologus, xlvii. 1889, p. 623 ff. " Es ist aber verkehrt,"
says Schanz, "den helden zum Odysseus redivivus zu machen, wie
Biirger; " cf. Hermes, xxvii. 1892, p. 3K3 ; Heinze, Hermes, xxxiv. 1899,
p. 507. The idea of the Avenging Fury was, however, very common
among the Greeks. lo and Herakles are each harassed by the indig-
nant Hera ; the house of the Atridae inherits a curse from Pelops ; so
the house of Oedipus suffers, Aeneas is tossed on land and sea on
XVIU INTRODUCTION".
The latter describes not only wonders and miraculous
adventures, but the ordinary follies and vices of men,
satirizing them as well, a thing which the Menippean
form of satire in which he wrote easily enabled him to do,
through its mingling of humorous and serious, prose and
verse. The work is therefore a Satira; Biicheler entitles
it Satirae. Only fragments of the fifteenth and sixteenth
books are in existence.^ It was too large a production
to survive entire, and since it therefore lent itself to
condensation, an abbreviated form of it was made very
early. From such an abbreviated or excerpted copy, as
late probably as the ninth century, the manuscripts are
descended which are still in existence. The complete
Petronius, being the more expensive, did not survive, so
far as we know, later than the seventh century.- The
best and also most connected fragment of the Satirae is
the Ce7ia Trimalchionis. For almost the entire portion
of this there is but one manuscript ; it was found in the
library of Cippius^by Marinus Statilius, about 1650, in
the little town of Trau on the east shore of the Adriatic.'*
account of the anger of Juno. Petronius may have meant to parody
the general Greek conception of the Avenging Fury rather than any
particular instance.
1 Biicheler, 1st ed., pp. vi, vii. Chapter 20 is said in an old codex
of Fulgentius to belong to the fourteenth book; cf. Biicheler, 1st ed.,
p. 208, vii. On the possible range of scene and action in the Satirae,
cf. Heinze, I.e., p. 495, n. 1, and Biirger, I.e., p. 346, n. 5.
2 Biicheler, 1st ed., p. xi; Friedlander, pp. 10, 11; Peck, Trimal-
ehio's Dinner, pp. 50-54.
3 The first edition was published in Padua, 1664; in the same year
Tilebomenus (Jac. Mentel) published an edition in Paris; an edition
with notes by J. Scheffer appeared at Upsala, 1665; Reinesius brought
out his edition at Leipzig in 1666.
* R. Ellis states in the Journal of Philology, 1883, p. 266, that
in a letter written by Francis Veruon, dated 1675, the discoverer of
INTRODUCTION. xix
In the Cena, as in the entire Satirae, the hero, Encol-
pius/ is the narrator ; Ascyltus and Giton ^ are his com-
rades. The rhetorician Agamemnon is with them ; but
after the Cena his place is taken by the insipid poet,
Enmolpus. From chapter llfi, the scene is laid in Cro-
tona ; but only in a general way is any intimation given
of the different scenes of action up to that point. The
home of Trimalchio, where the Cena was given, was a
Greek city^ situated on the sea,* and not far from Baiae '^
and Capua.^ For these and certain other reasons ^ he is
thought to have lived at Cumae, though some difficulty
lies in the way of deciding definitely for Cumae. The
Cena extends from section 26 to 78 ; some of the scenes
which precede it must have been laid in Massilia.
As to the time in which the adventures and incidents
of the Satirae were laid, the decision is somewhat diffi-
cult, The most recent opinion favors the period toward
the Trau Ms. is named Mr. Stasileo; cf. Bursian's Jahresbericht,
1886, p. 198.
1 Regarding this hero, cf. Heinze, Lc, p. 506, n. 1.
2 Of these two, the boy Giton is the more prominent character.
3 Chap. 81. 4 Chapp. 77, 81. 5 Chap. 50. 6 chap. 62.
' For the arguments in favor of Cumae, cf. Mommsen, Hermes, xiii.
1878, pp. 106 ff. His decision, since the place is a Greek town of Cam-
pania, lay between Naples, Misenum. Puteoli. and Cumae: yet some
objection could be made against each of these. However, there is one
positive argument in favor of Cumae, given by Mommsen, which car-
ried weight with Biicheler and brought Friedlander out of his un-
certainty (Bursian's Jahresbericht, xiv. p. 171) so as to accept Cumae
and to bracket Cinnis, chap. 48. as a word inserted by the epitomator,
and to decide in the Wochenschrift fiir Klassische Philologie, viii. p.
1315, against Haley {Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, ii. pp.
1^0), who had argued in favor of Puteoli. Schanz, in his second
edition, 1901, ceases to accept Friedlander's bracketing of Cumis, and
now admits " die bestimmung des ortes ist strittig." Cf. Schanz, n. 2,
p. 103, Der ort der handlung.
XX INTRODUCTION.
the end of the reign of Claudius or the beginning of
Nero's reign/ between 50 and 57 a.d. Whatever the date,
1 Mommsen, with whom Haley agrees, places the action of the Satirae
in the reign of Augustus, previous, therefore, to 14: a.d. He argues in
favor of this earlier date from Trimalchio's words, chap. 57, *' puer capil-
latus in hanc coloniam veni; adhuc basilica non erat facta." The
building of the basilica, he argues, was an important incident in the
founding of the Roman colony at Cumae, which falls between 42 and
26 B.C. If Trimalchio were ten years old then {puer capillatus) and sixty
at the time of the Cena, the banquet would fall between 8 and 24 a.d.
But, as Friedlander says, though numbers of new buildings were
erected to mark the colonial expansion of Cumae, the basilica may well
have been one of the very latest of them. Biicheler, 1st ed., p. vii,
decides in favor of the last years of the reign of Tiberius, 3.3-37 a.d.;
but this is excluded by the fact that in chap. 60 the reigning emperor
is styled pater patriae, an epithet which that emperor had persistently
refused. It is Friedlander who puts the date between 50 and 57 a.d.,
basing his argument on Trimalchio's second cognomen, Maecenatianus,
chap. 71, and the mention of the musical virtuoso, Apelles, chap. 64, and
the composer, Menecrates, chap. 73, individuals whom everybody knew.
The former was famous under Caligula, the latter under Xero. Indeed,
Friedlander's argument rests mainly upon the mention of those two
names. The Scaurus named in chap. 77 need not, he believes, be
taken as one of the family of the Aemilii Scauri which became extinct
in 34 A.D. Nor is the fact that August is still called Sextilis, chap. 53,
a proof that the Cena was written before or after 7 a.d., in which year
the change of name was made. Common people cling to old names, and
Petronius can for that reason have represented the secretary of Tri-
malchio as still employing the name Sextilis. As to the hundred year
old Opimian wine placed on the table, chap. 34, it furnishes the host
further occasion for ignorant boasting. The emperor, under whom mal-
leable glass was discovered, chap. 51, was probably Tiberius; c/. Pliuy.
Nat. Hist, xxxvi. 195; Dio Cassius, Ivii. 21. As to Apelles and Mene-
crates, they must have been the distinguished bearers of these names
whom we know from other sources; cf. Dio Cassius, lix. 5; Sueton.
Nero, c. 30. It would be remarkable if in Petronius's time there were
two men answering to each of these names, the two in the Ceiia being
unheard of except for Petronius. The Apelles in the Cena, spoken of
as already belonging to the past, is the artist who flourished under
Caligula ; while Menecrates is the composer whom Nero honored so
INTRODUCTION. XXI
even though it be the Augustan period, Petronius is de-
scribing the life of his own times, and has no intention
of making or developing contrasts between it and the life
under Augustus, nor can we doubt that, in chapters 89 and
119-124, Petronius is making innuendoes at the poems of
Nero and Lucan, who are post- Augustan personages.
IV. Date and Identity of Petronius.
That the author of the Satirae was a Petronius Arbiter
is attested by ancient writers and grammarians, as well
as by all the manuscripts of the work.^ It is also quite
universally- accepted now that our author is the Petro-
nius mentioned and described by Tacitus in the Annales
as one of the numerous intimates of Nero. That he
belouged to the time of Xero was first demonstrated with
satisfaction bv G. Studer^ in 1843. This demonstration
was based chiefly upon the internal evidence furnished
highly, and Claudius may already have distinguished. " The manner
in which both names are mentioned warrants," says Friedlander,
" our assuming the time of the Cena to he the end of Claudius's reign
or the beginning of Xero's. If it be the former, the author is easily
pardoned for giving it a bit of Xeronic coloring from his own times."
1 Biicheler. 1st ed., p. iii.
2 Cruttwell, Bom. Lit. p. 394 : " Who he was is not certainly known."
Mackail, Lat. Lit. p. 183: "One of the emperor's [Nero's] intimate
circle in the excesses of his later years." Teuffel, Rom. Lit. Gesch.
1890, p. 743 : " Welchen man fiir den von Xero im J. 66 zum tode
genotigten Petronius halten darf." Biicheler, 1st ed., p. v: " Valde
probabiliter eundem esse quem Xero morte damnavit." Cf. Fried-
lander, p. 3. ^Yith these Schanz agrees in both editions. See also
Peck, Trimalchio's Dinner, pp. 45-48.
8 In the Rhein. Mus. ii. pp. 50, 202. Merivale's History of the Ro-
mans, chap, liii, gives in abstract a fair idea of the general nature of a
portion of his argument.
Xxil INTRODUCTION.
by the Satirae itself, that is, upon the study of its dic-
tion, including vocabulary and the author's descriptive
style, and of the contents of the story, including allu-
sions to persons, customs, and historical conditions which
could belong to a certain age only, which Studer, as has
been said, showed was the middle of the first century
A.D. The language, the metre in the poetical passages,
the social conditions described, are those of Nero's time.
" The critique of Lucan's Pharsalia, by way of parody, in
chapters 119-124, would fail of all meaning and value
unless it had been written in Lucan's time or very soon
thereafter ; while the contents and bearing of that short
poetic passage on the fall of Troy, the Troiae Halosis, in
chapter 89, could not be appreciated unless Petronius's
parody were the work of a contemporary of Kero." It
was, in fact, a bit of parody or satire on Nero's attempts
at poetry.-^ Criticism in Petronius, like criticism in gen-
eral, and especially literary criticism, is directed against
present conditions.
If an author, moreover, may be judged from his works,
no one could more fairly be held to be the author of the
Satirae than the Petronius whom Nero fancied for a
season and finally cast off and put to death. " He was
a man," says Tacitus,^ "who devoted the day to sleep
and spent the night in business or pleasure, and was
distinguished rather for his idleness than for his thrift ;
one who gained the reputation, not of a glutton or of a
profligate, like most spendthrifts, but of a cultured epi-
cure, whose words and deeds were accepted all the more
1 Cf. Schanz, ed. 1901, ii. 2, pp. 11 and 106; "Die Troica und die
"AXwo-ts Neros."
2 Annales^ xvi. 18 and 19.
INTRODUCTION. Xxiii
gladly as models of simplicity in proportion as they were
unconventional and careless. As proconsul in Bithynia,
and afterwards consul suifectus, he proved himself active
and equal to his work ; but upon returning to his evil
ways, or possibly by a pretence of evil, he became one of
Xero's few and most intimate friends, his authority in
matters of taste,^ so that, fatigued with pleasures, the
Emperor thought nothing charming or delicate unless
Fetronius had approved it. Thus Tigellinus became
jealous of him as a powerful rival through his skill in
entertaining, and addressing himself to that greatest of
Nero's vices, his cruelty, he accused Petronius of intimacy
with Scae\4nus. He bribed a slave to substantiate the
charge, prevented all defence, and threw a large part of
the household of Petronius into prison. Nero happened
at that time to be on his way to Campania, and Petro-
nius had followed him as far as Cumae, where he was
arrested. He decided not to prolong his life between
hope and fear, nor to put an immediate end to it ;
but opening his veins and binding them repeatedly, he
conversed with his friends, not on serious topics or such
as might have shown his firmness of spirit. Nor did he
1 Cf. Pope, Essay on Criticism : —
*' Fancy and art in gay Petronius please,
The scholar's learning, with the courtier's ease."
In the language of Ophelia in praise of Hamlet, he was " the glass
of fashion and the mould of form."
The cognomen Arbiter is a puzzle. It may be that it stuck to him,
as Mommsen thinks {Hermes, xiii. p. 107), from the title arbiter ele-
gantiae, which was given to him in good-natured jest at court. " On the
other hand, Biicheler (Xeiies Schiceizerische Museum, in. p. 18) holds,"
says Schanz, " that already having the cognomen Arbiter, he was dubbed
elegantiae arbiter by his fellows." C/. Schanz, Rom. Litt. n. 2, p.
107 n.
XXIV INTRODUCTION.
listen to any discussion on the immortality of the soul
or to the wise saws of philosophers, but only to frivolous
songs and gay verses. To some of his slaves he gave
largesses ; others he directed to be punished. He feasted
and slept, that his death, though violent, might seem
due to accident. Nor, as most men do when so situated,
did he in his will extol Nero or Tigellinus or any other of
those in power ; but, employing names of rakes and dis-
solute women, he described the Emperor's crimes and
each new form of his license, sealed the account and sent
it to Nero.^ He broke his ring also, lest it be used forth-
with for some mischief. To Nero, wondering how the
nature of his nightly ventures was discovered, the name
of Silia was suggested as the informant, a woman of some
notoriety by reason of her marriage with a senator ; she
knew personally of all the Emperor's excesses and was
very intimate with Petronius."
This work, therefore, which bore the title of Satirae
(Satyricon in the manuscripts) and was written by a Pe-
tronius, and, judging from a study of its contents, most
probably belonged to the middle of the first century a.d.,
must with equal probability have been written by the
Petronius described by Tacitus, who belongs to this same
period, if ever a presumable author may be fairly decided
upon from the writings attributed to him.
1 This document, which set down in black and white the crimes of
Nero, should not be identified with the Satirae. No doubt the former
was unpleasantly personal and destined for Nero alone. Besides, Pe-
tronius did not have time enough to compose so long and so literary a
piece of work as the entire Satirae must have been. Studer fell into
the error of identifying the two ; but Ritter set the matter right in the
same volume of the Rhein. Mus. pp. 561 ff.; c/. Peck, Trimalchio's
Dinner, p. 49.
INTRODUCTION. XXV
V. The Contents of the Satirae.
The fragments of the Satirae, as has been said, are
from the fifteenth and sixteenth books. They begin
with a scene in which Encolpius inveighs against the
decline of oratory. He describes the affected pathos,
the hollow phrases and ranting of the schools, as all
wrong, and blames the teachers. But Agamemnon, who
is himself a teacher, puts the blame upon the scholars
and parents, whom the teachers must please if they
would not keep school to themselves. During this dis-
cussion, Ascyltus, the companion of Encolpius, slips
awav. The latter decides to return to his hotel, but is
unable to find it, and inquires the way of an old herb-
woman; she conducts him to a house of questionable
character, where to his surprise Ascyltus reappears.
Together they return to their quarters, only to fall
into a quarrel, however, over the young Giton, the
special pet and favorite of Encolpius. After a short
estrangement and separation, they renew their friend-
ship and appear together in the forum, trying to dis-
pose of a pallium. While doing so, they discover a
countryman with a tunic which they had themselves
lost, with some coins sewed up in it. The countryman
and his wife lay claim to the pallium, which they
declare had been stolen from them, while Encolpius and
his friend, in turn, recover the tunic. They are next
visited by a certain Quartilla, whom they had inter-
rupted in her offerings to Priapus and must satisfy for
the wrong thus done and for the affliction from which
she is suffering. After undergoing various punish-
ments they banquet with her and a number of other
XXVI INTRODUCTION.
guests ; at the close, all fall asleep. Syrians, in the
meantime, enter and begin to make off with the silver.
This, however, awakens the guests ; a cinaedus enters,
and assaults them. This scene is followed by the cele-
bration of a mock marriage between Quartilla's maid
and the boy Giton. At this point the Cena begins.
With Ascyltus and Giton, Encolpius goes to dine at
the house of the freedman Trimalchio. First they
take the baths, and find there the old gentleman play-
ing ball (26-27). Thence they follow him to his house.
Filled with admiration and wonder at what they see
upon entering, they advance to the triclinium (28-31).
They take their places, and a light appetizer is served,
Trimalchio reclining with them, but continuing a game
of dice which he had begun (31-33). His abilities as
a host are praised ; when the first course, with wine,
is served, he urges the company to eat, drink, and be
merry (34-36). Encolpius learns from one of the guests
somewhat concerning Trimalchio, his wife, and the other
guests (37-38). The host shows his knowledge of " phil-
ology," and on the serving of the second course excuses
himself from the company (39-41). In his absence the
conversation becomes free : Dama talks about the weather;
Seleucus, about a funeral ; Phileros, about the deceased
man and his brother ; Ganymedes, about the scarcity of
provisions caused by the dishonesty of aediles and the
impiety of man ; Echion, about the town games, the can-
didates for the aedileship, learning, and the education of
his son (41-46). Trimalchio returns, and directs that a
pig be slain and prepared forthwith for the dinner; after
being cooked, it is drawn, in the presence of the guests.
The conversation turns upon medicine, rhetoric, some his-
INTRODUCTION. XVll
torical events, and the craze for bric-a-brac (47-52). Half-
seas over, the host undertakes to dance the cordax; he
listens to his secretary's account of the day's doings on
his estates ; while watching the performances of some
tumblers, he is wounded by a boy who falls upon his
couch (52-54). He composes an epigram upon this acci-
dent, and, talking about poets, compares Cicero and Syrus,
learning with technical skill, oxen with bees, until the
bonbons are distributed (55-56). Hermeros, a fellow
freedman of Trimalchio's, discovers Giton and Ascyltus
laughing at this, and takes them to task (57-58). Actors
of Homeric scenes enter, and one of them, impersonating
the mad Ajax, cuts to pieces some boiled veal. Fruit
and flasks of ointment are distributed; honor is paid to
the gods (59-60). Xiceros tells a story of a soldier
who changed into a wolf, and Trimalchio one about the
witches and the touch of the evil hand (61-63). Tri-
malchio becomes effusive toward one of his friends, his
pet boy, his house dog, and his slaves (64). While fur-
ther delicacies are served, the festive Habinnas enters
with his wife Scintilla, and describes a dinner from
which he has just come ; he insists that Trimalchio's
wife, Fprtuuata, join them ; and while she is talking
with Scintilla about her jewels, he lifts her feet up
from the couch upon which she was reclining (65-67).
A side dish is finally served ; the attendant of Habin-
nas furnishes some vocal performances; the guests are
anointed ; slaves are admitted into the room. Trimal-
chio brings tears to his household by reciting his
will (68-71). He takes a bath to recover from his
drunken condition, and renews festivities in a second
triclinium (72-74). He falls to quarrelling with his
XXVIU INTRODUCTION.
wife, and talks of his past history, his home, his suc-
cesses, and his expectations. Finally, he orders the
trumpeters to strike up for him the funeral measure ;
hereupon great tumult ensues, during which Encolpius
escapes with Giton and Ascyltus (75-78). Here the
Cena ends.
Encolpius returns home, and during the night loses
Giton, who was carried olf by Ascyltus. This leads to
a rupture in their friendship. Giton decides to share
the fortunes of Ascyltus, to the great grief of Encol-
pius, who in his frenzy plans the murder of Ascyltus.
He is brought to his right senses by a soldier, however,
and lays aside his sword. He strays into a picture
gallery, and, while consoling himself with pictures of
amorous scenes, he is accosted by the poet Eumolpus,
who apologizes for his poverty stricken estate by his
devotion to the Muses. After Encolpius is regaled by
the account Eumolpus gives of some incidents of his
life at Pergamus, he asks why painting and other arts
have declined ; his companion blames the mercantile
spirit of the times, and interprets in tragic verse a
picture representing the fall of Troy. A shower of
stones from the bystanders drives the tedious Eumolpus
away. At the baths, Encolpius finds Giton and takes
him to his quarters, while Ascyltus, hunting for Giton,
who had taken charge of his clothes, is befriended by
a E-oman knight. Eumolpus joins Encolpius in his
rooms and proceeds to compose more verse, but is
checked by the latter, though admired by Giton. The
poet confesses his love for the boy and is promptly
driven out by Encolpius, who is, however, neatly locked
in his room by the fleeing poet. Filled with rage and
INTR0DUCT10:S. XXIX
with fear for Giton, who had gone out a few moments
before, Encolpius is about to hang liimself, when the
two return, and the coaxings of Giton recall his master
to his senses. Another guest comes in, to complain of
the tumult; a quarrel ensues, in which the poet, who
has ousted and pursued the intruder, is in turn soundly
beaten — a feast to the eyes of Encolpius — till the
landlord brings him aid. Ascyltus now comes in with
a crier, seeking Giton, who hides beneath the mattress
and eludes them. Eumolpus, however, returns and
threatens to reveal his whereabouts, but, between the
kisses of Giton and the tears of Encolpius, is induced
to keep quiet. Good will now prevails, and the three
take ship for some port unknown.
Here Encolpius discovers that he has fallen among
old enemies, — Lichas, the master of the ship, and Try-
phaena. They plan to escape from their danger, and
decide that Eumolpus shall pretend that the other two,
with shaven heads and branded foreheads, are his run-
away slaves. Warned by a dream and the information
of a passenger who was stricken with terror on seeing
the men shaving on shipboard, Lichas and Tryphaena
order the offenders to be dragged out and beaten; Giton
is recognized by the one, Encolpius by the other. Both
Tryphaena and Eumolpus try to secure their pardon ;
their efforts end in a quarrel, which is settled by the
appeals of the pilot. A truce is declared, and har-
mony restored with plenty of good eating and drinking.
Eumolpus recites some verses apropos of his baldheaded
slaves, whose appearance is somewhat restored by the
aid of false curls. Eumolpus satirizes woman's fickle-
ness also, and tells the story of a certain widow of
XXX INTRODUCTION.
Ephesus. While they are thus beguiling the time, and
love is making merry among them, the sea rises ; Lichas
is drowned, Tryphaena is placed in a boat, while Giton
and Encolpius embrace each other and commit them-
selves to the waves. They are saved from death, and
drag Eumolpus to land; they bewail the unhappy end
of Lichas, and perform the rites due to his body.
They now make their way to a city not far distant,
which turns out to be Crotona, notorious for its legacy
hunters. They propose to take advantage of this repu-
tation of the town and, by pretending to have large
estates in Africa, to deceive the inhabitants and re-
habilitate their fortunes. They install Eumolpus as
their master, and swear devotion to him. En route,
Eumolpus delivers himself of a poem of considerable
length, " On the Civil War," as the model for an author
who treats history in verse. They enter Crotona; their
scheme succeeds. Encolpius, under the assumed name
Polyaenos, is caught in the meshes of the fair Circe.
He offends her by his coolness, and to her letter of
complaint sends her a reply excusing himself. Again
he sees her ; again his coolness, with which even he
himself is offended on returning home. He seeks
relief at a temple of Priapus, and begins to be him-
self once more by the help of the priestess Oenothea;
from whose tedious cure he, however, flees. Finally,
a mother commends her sons to Eumolpus as his heirs ;
but in his will he has ordered candidates for his fortune
to consume the body of the testator.
Erom this rapid survey of the fragments of the Satirae
it may easily be seen what the nature of the entire work
must have been, what a wild succession of adventures it
INTRODUCTION. XXXI
contained, and, as has been said above, how greatly it
differed from the modern novels of character study.
It is not unlike the novels of that school of the eigh-
teenth century to which Fielding and Smollett belong,
nor, except for coarseness in a considerable number of
the fragments, does it greatly differ from those rapid
and absorbing chapters in such tales of Stevenson, as
Treasure Island, Kidnapped, and Tlie Dynamiter}
1 It is tempting to conjecture what the size of the original and com-
plete Satirae was, in comparison with the excerpted edition which has
come down to us ; cf. Burger, Derantike Roman vor Petronius ; Hermes,
xxvii. 1892, p. 347, note: "It is not noted with sufficient care that
what we have of Petronius comprises only excerpts from two and pos-
sibly three books, and very short excerpts at that. Their relation to
the original in size may be judged by comparing the only fairly com-
plete section preserved — namely, the Cena Trimalchionis, as contained
in the Trau Ms. — with the remaining excerpts. Of the thirty-four
pages which this covers in Biicheler's text, only six have the parallel
excerpts found in Scaliger's copy. That is, the Trau Ms. and Scaliger's
copy agree for only one-sixth of the entire Cena ; the remaining twenty-
four pages have scarcely a single excerpt by Scaliger. That the original
excerptor cut Petronius as badly as Scaliger cut his original cannot
be said ; yet his method was the same. Whenever he decided to in-
clude in his abridgment any particular section of Petronius, he began
liberally ; then his excerpts came to be fewer and shorter very rapidly.
Cf. the narratives in chaps. 16-21 and 110-113. These are instances
of those inserted scenes of which Petronius was fond and which he
worked up with some fulness, while the later excerptor ruthlessly and
with good conscience cut out five-sixths of their contents. If there
were originally seventeen books of the Satirae, and if we make the
reasonable assumption that the Cena is in size equal to about one of
them, the complete original must have numbered about 600 pages,
attaining a length which equalled the novels of Cervantes and Lesage,
if it did not actually surpass them."
Cf. Macrobius, Somn. Scipionis, i. 2, 8: " auditum mulcent velut
comoedlae, quales Menander eiusve imitatores agendas dederunt, vel
argumenta fictis casibus amatorum referta, quibus vel multum Arbiter
se exercuit vel Apuleiura nonnunquam lusisse miramur." This implies
XXXll INTRODUCTION.
VI. Peculiarities in the Language and Style of
THE CeNA TrIMALCHIONIS.
In the account of Trimalchio's Dinner, Petronius speaks
not only in his own person, through Encolpius, employ-
ing the pure language and style natural to him as one
of the best writers of Silver Latin and as an arbiter ele-
gantiae, but also in the extremely different character of
the illiterate nouveau riche. We have, therefore, in the
conversation at Trimalchio's table, very characteristic
specimens of both the Sermo Urbanus and the Sermo
Plebeius in the time of the early emperors.
VOWEL AND CONSONANT CHANGES.
A. Interchange of Vo"wels.
1. i occurs in place of e in the final syll. nom. s.
3d decl. in the Sermo Plebeius, as volpis uda, 58, 35, for
that Petronius 's novel was much more extensive than the same work of
Apuleius ; since the Metamorphoses of the latter is itself no small work,
it may be judged how large indeed must have been the original Satirae
of Petronius.
In Hermes, xxxiv. 1899, p. 495, n., Heinze {Petron und der griech-
ische Roman) comes at the matter a little differently. He thinks
that in the process of excerption only about one-third was cut out.
If, with the rather doubtful authorities we have, we assume that
the excerpts of book XV begin at chap. 26, and divide the remainder
through chap. 141 (or the ninety pages which these cover) into two parts,
assigning them respectively to the fifteenth and sixteenth books, we
have forty-five pages for each, representing two-thirds of the original.
That is, each book in complete form would have filled about fifty-five
printed pages. The original sixteen would then have filled 880 pages,
— a gigantic affair. But the matter will not be so bad if we assume, as
there is some ground for doing, that the excerpts extend through four
books of the original. Even that, however, makes the original novel very
long — longer than the longest Greek novel, which Heliodorus wrote.
INTRODUCTION. XXXlll
vulpes uda; so Odyssian for Odyssean, 29, 21 ; cf. Varro,
Menippeae, 60 (ed. Biich. p. 1G8).
2. u occurs in place of t, as dupunduarius, 58, 19, for
dupundiarius ; ipsumam, 69, 9 ; peduduni, 57, 26 ; ossucula,
65, 27.
w- also occurs for o in dupunduarius, 58, 19 (c/. 74, 38),
for dupondiarius.
3. occurs in place of u, as in /ioc illoc, 39, 23 ; is^oc,
57, 40 ; cf . plovebat, 44, 40.
o occurs for a in percolopahant, 44, 11, for percolapa-
hant; for a?z in oi ^cukifie s, 43, 17 ; codex, 74, 35 ; plodo,
45, 42; copo, 39, 30 and 61, 14; in 98, however, Petr. '. o^
uses caupo in the serm. urbajius.
B. Syncope of Vowels. Epenthesis.
1. Unaccented l is dropped, as in caldus, used through-
out by Petr. except in one fragment, for calidus; so cal-
facio, 41, 27 ; caldicerebrius, 45, 10.
2. -es is syncopated to -s in the nom. s. 3d decl. in
stips for stipes, 43, 14.
3. Unaccented u may disappear, as in cardelis, 46, 14,
for carduelis; oclopetam, 35, 11, for oculopetam ; so j^edw-
clum, 57, 26 ; rididei, 57, 27 ; bublum, 44, 23 ; q//fa, 56, 18.
4. Epenthesis occurs in fericulus, 39, 11 and 68, 6, for
fei'cnlum; cf. i-e^i^o, 47, 13 and 53, 16, for veto.
C. Consonants.
1. Loss of aspiration occurs, as in percolopabant, 44, 11,
for -colaphabant ; so berbex, 57, 4, a reading for vervex;
tisicus, 64, 11, for phthisicus.
2. In Greek words, initial t, becomes s, as saplutus, 37,
10 ; sacritus, 63, 7, = StaKpiro?, 8ux- having passed into a
2 sound, as in Aeolic Greek.
Ju
XXXIV INTRODUCTION.
3. r may be wrongly inserted near a dental, if credrae
and culcitra, 38, 2 and 10, are correct readings for cedrae
and culcita.
4. On the other hand, r may disappear, as in susutti^
77, 12, = sursum.
VOCABULARY. WORD FORMATION.
A. Greek Words. These abound throughout the Sati-
rae, since the characters are Greek and the action takes
place in a number of Greek towns. In this regard,
Petronius strongly suggests Plautus and Terence. Cf.
the Index, under Greek Words.
B. Diminutives. As in Cicero's Letters and in the
comic poets, diminutives are numerous in Petronius on
account of their expressiveness. They occur in the
Sermo Urbanus as well as in the Sermo Plebeius. Cf.
the Index, under Dimiiniitive Nouns.
C. Derivative and Compounds. The plebeian fond-
ness for " effective long words, whether derivatives or
compounds," may be traced to some extent in Petr.,
although not so evident here as in the comic poets,
Apuleius or Lucian.
1. -monium : tristimonium, 63, 9 ; gaudimonium, 61, 7 ;
for tristitia, gaudium.
2. (a) -ax : abstinax, 42, 10 ; nugax, 52, 13 ; (h) -arius :
pullarius, oricidarius, 43, 27 and 17 ; so sestertiarius, dnpun-
duarius, micarius, caligarius; (c) -osus : ccdcitrosus, 39, 18 ;
dignitossus, 57, 36 ; linguosus, 43, 9 ; (d) -ivus : dbsentivos,
33, 2 ; -bundus : cantahundus, 62, 7.
3. Adverbs in -m, -iter : urceatim, 44, 39 ; largiter, 71,
r
INTRODUCTION. XXXV
21 ; corporaliter, 61, 16. Suaviter in the combination s?/a-
viter esse or facer e occurs four times.
4. (a) Verbs, intensive, inchoative, and desiderative in
form, occur, as adiutare, 62, 23 ; amplexare, 63, 21 ; dictare,
45, 39 ; frunisci, 43, 19, 44, 34, 75, 6 ; exopinissare, 62, 34 ;
canturii'e, 64, 7. (b) Denominatives occur, as aginare, 61,
22 ; ajjocidare, 62, 5, 67, 5 ; argutare, 46, 2, 57, 28 ; convi-
vare, 57, 6 ; cidare, 38, 4 ; so decoUare, improperare, man-
ducare, molestare, 7iaufragare, percolopare.
5. Here belongs an extensive list of part. adj. in -atuSy
as expudoratus, 39, 15 j cf. the Index, under -atus.
INFLECTION.
A. Declension.
1. The following Greek nouns in -/xa of the 3d decl.
appear as of the 1st : schema, 44, 16 ; stigma, 45, 28 ; 69, 4.
2. The neut. intestina appears as a fem. of the 1st decl.,
76, 28.
3. Nouns of the 1st decl. appear as of the 2d, as sta-
tunculum, 50, 17 ; m,argaritum, 63, 7 ; quisquilia, 75, 19 ;
seplasium, 76, 14.
4. The 2d decl. forms, vasus and vasum, occur in 57, 29
and 51, 6, for vas; cf. pauperorum, 46, 4.
B. Case Forms. Irregularities are found, as hovis, 62,
31, for bos; lovis, 47, 11; 58, 7, for Iiijypiter; sanguen,
59, 4, for sanguis; lacte, 38, 2, for Zac; excellente, 45, 8;
66, 9, for excellens; Phileronem, 46, 29, for Philerotem;
Niceronem, 63, 2, for Nicerotem; diibus, 44, 35, for diis.
C. Case Forms and Gender. Irregularities occur —
1. In the use of the masculine for the neuter, as bal-
neus, 41, 27 ; balniscus, 42, 2 ; caelus, 39, 11 and 45, 6 ;
XXXVl INTRODUCTION.
fatus, 42, 13, c/. note ; 71, 3 ; 77, 8 ; so candelabrits,fericulus,
lasanus, lorus, reticulus, vasus, vinus, lactem.
2. The converse occurs in liby-a rubricata, 46, 22 ; nervia
praecisa, 45, 38 ; thesaurimi, 46, 32.
D. Ipsimus. The superlative of ipse occurs as a sub-
stitute for dominus mens, as ipsimi, 75, 27 ; cf . ipsumam,
69, 9 and 75, 29.
E. Irregularities in Conjugation.
1. In forms, as vinciturum, 45, 33, for vicUirum; do-
mata, 74, 37, for domita; mavoluit, 77, 15, for maluit;
parsero, 58, 17, fov pepercero; faciantur, 71, 32, foTjiant;
farsi, 69, 20, for farti ; so fefellitus sum, for falsus sum.
2. In change of conj., as defraudit, 69, 5, for defraudat.
3. In change of voice, (a) to the active form, as am-
plexaret, 63, 21 ; argutat, 46, 2 ; argutas, 57, 28 ; convivare,
57, 6 ; exhortavit, 76, 24 ; (6) to the passive form, as
detector, 45, 19 and 64, 6 ; fastiditum, 48, 10 ; rideatur,
57, 9; somniatur, 74, 36; pudeatur, 47, 9.
SYNTAX.
A. Cases. The accus. encroaches upon the dat. and
abl., as te persuadeam, 46, 6 ; so 62, 2 ; maiorem maledicas,
58, 41 ; aedites mate eveniat, 44, 5 ; ?neos fruniscar, 44, 34 ;
quod frunitus est, 43, 19; c/i 75, 6.
B. Pronouns. The nom. tu is occasionally used with
apparent redundancy, as when a speaker addresses some
one of the guests very pointedly ; so in the comic poets.
Cf. tu dominam . . . fecisti, etc., 77, 2-5 ; ?>o tu . . . laho-
riosus es, etc., 57, 25-30. With this cf. the use of ego, in
ego me apoculo, 67, 5 ; damnavi ego, 41, 9 ; sedeo ego, 62, 7.
INTRODUCTION. XXXVU
C. Adverbs. Occasionally they take the place of pred,
adjectives, as aeque est ac si, 42, 19 ; belle erit, 46, 8 ; sole-
bas suavius esse, 61, 3; tarn fui quam vos, 75, 17; so sit
vinearum largiter, 71, 21. Desperatum is used as insanum
in Plautus in desperatum valde ingeniosus, 68, 21.
Negatives are repeated for vividness, as neminem nihil
boni facere oportet, 42, 18 ; nee sursum nee deorsum non
cresco, 58, 15 ; so in 76, 4. The appearance of this usage
in the Cena is probably due to the fact that the speakers
who employ it are of Greek origin.
D. Conjunctions.
1. Et may be used redundantly, as in caseum et sapam
et cochleas, etc., 66, 20. It adds a summarizing notion to
several which precede, as aqua lasani et cetera minutalia,
47, 15 ; of. 47, 29 and 74, 23. Occasionally, in lively talk,
et stands for tamen or sed, as, 45, 42, munus tamen, inquit,
tibi dedi . . . et ego tibi plodo ; so in 57, 14. Sometimes
it is strengthened by ecce, as in 40, 8, et ecce canes Laco-
nici; so in 45, 8. It may have the force of et quidem,
as in 39, 13, 41, 26, or 51, 24. In 74, 18, et quidem is
found, followed by hi autem, suggesting the contrast ot
fxkv . . . ot SI On the omission of et see p. xlii, under
Asyndeton.
2. Que and atque do not occur- in the Sermo Plebeius in
Petr. ; ac is found but once, and then as a comparative.
At is used for autem; once it is strengthened by contra.
It contrasts persons, as at ille; at ilia; at ego = 6 8e, 17
Se, cyo) Se. Three times at non occurs in a kind of mock
seriousness, as 49, 20, at non ita Trimalchio.
3. Quia is found strengthened by enim, in order to
make assurance doubly sure, as 51, 11, quia enim . . .
XXXVIU INTRODUCTION.
aurum pro Into haberemus. It has here its original cor-
roborative force.
E. Prepositions. Prepositions are used with occasional
irregularity : —
1. Sometimes they are omitted, as Africam ire, 48, 7 ;
cultros Norico ferro = cultros ex Norico ferro, 70, 8.
2. Prae occurs with the accusative in prae mala sua,
39, 29 ; prae litteras, 46, 5.
3. In occurs with the accusative for the ablative in
fui in funus, that is, contuli me in funus et adfui, 42, 5 ;
videbo te in publicum, 58, 14.
4. Conversely, the ablative occurs for the accusative in
voca cocum in medio, 49, 8; possibly in in balneo sequi,
26, 11.
5. So for as for /oris in foras cenat, 30, 12 ; foras est
vulpes, 44, 31.
SPECIAL PECULIARITIES OF STYLE.
A. Proverbs. Proverbs and popular forms of expres-
sion, " as vehicles of everyday feeling, experience, and
wisdom," are frequent, as in the comic poets and Varro.
Cf. the Index, under Proverbs.
B. Comparisons. These are common, as a popular and
natural form of picturesque characterization. Cf. udi tam-
quam mures, 44, 41 ; so orbis vertitur tamquam mola et
terra bona omnia in se habet tamquam favus. In these
comparisons, tamquam (sometimes tamquam si) is used.
Cf, the Index, under Tamquam. Tamquam is omitted
when the comparison becomes an equation, as phantasia
non homo, 38, 32.
INTRODUCTION. XXXIX
C. Alliteration. Paronomasia.
1. Alliteration, common in the older language and in
the Menippean Satires of Varro, occurs in the conversation
of the Cena. Cf. the Index, under Alliterations.
2. Paronomasia is seen (a) in repetition of words of
the same form (epizeuxis), as moclo modo, 37, 5 ; Glyco
Glyco, 45, 27; quid? quid? voca voca, 49, 6 and 8; so
vero vero ; babae babae ; mi au. (b) in the repetition of a
word in a different form, as homo inter homines, 39, 9,
57, 17, 74, 33; amicus amico, 43, 10, 44, 14; nummorum
nummos, 37, 15; so moiiuus ino moHuo; olim oliorum.
D. Oaths and Asseverations. These are common, even
in ordinary speech, strengthening any statement, of how-
ever slight importance. They occur in the comic poets
and inscriptions.
1. Mehercules, as may be seen in the Index, is used
frequently.
2. Ita (sic) followed by ut or an impv. is used when the
speaker expresses his desire or belief as proportionate to
the thought or hope expressed in the clause introduced
by ita or sic, as ita meos fruniscar, ut puto, 44, 34, lit. * so
may I enjoy in proportion as I think,' i.e. ' I just as
surely think as I hope to enjoy,' or 'may I never enjoy if
I don't think.'
3. The genius of a man is frequently appealed to in
strong statements. This custom grew up in the Augustan
Age, and was first extended to appeals made to or by the
sacred person of the Emperor ; subsequently persons swore
per genium of any individual whom they held in peculiar
esteem ; even a parasite came to call his lordly friend his
genius. In Petr. only libeHini employ this form of oath.
Xl INTRODUCTION.
as in genios vestros iratos habeam, 62, 35 ; ita genium meum
propitium habeam, 74, 36.
E. Uses of Certain Words.
1. Facio : cf . fecit Caesarem reporrigere, 51, 3, = effecit
ut Caesar reporrigeret ; also servi ad se fecerunt, 38, 26, =
servi sibi ademerunt ; also sibi suaviter facere, 71, 33, =
sibi consulere ; also fecit assem, 61, 18, = sibi paravit assem ;
also barbatoriain fecit, 73, 2^, = b. celebravit; also gallum
. . . rustici faciunt, 47, 29, = g. r. in cenam coquunt; also
coactus est facere, 45, 22, = c. e. coire; also siquis voluerit
sua re facere, 47, 8, where the reference is to necessitates
natiirales.
2. Coepi : this occurs regularly with either voice of the
infin., which either indicates motion or denotes some state
of the mind. It is a periphrasis for the imperf. of narra-
tion with emphasis on the beginning of the act, with the
added sense of ' proceeding ' ; its most remarkable use
in the Cena is with velle followed by a second infin,, as
iam coeperat Fortunata velle saltare, 70, 26.
3. Notare occurs in the sense of animadvertere, a usage
also found in Cicero, Valerius Flaccus, and Gellius, but
more rarely than in Petr. Cf. certe ego notavi super me
positum cocum, 70, 31 ; notavi etiam gregem cursorum se
exercentem, 29, 14.
4. Moms in the sense of ' outright,' ' plain,' as inei'o
meridie, 37, 8 ; fugae merae, 45, 41 ; tricae merae, 53, 29 ;
so hilaria mera; mera mapalia.
5. Ad summam occurs abundantly. It occurs ten times
in the conversation of the freedmen, fifteen times else-
where, when Encolpius quotes his own or another's words,
but not in the purely narrative portions. It is, therefore.
INTRODUCTION. xli
a conversational phrase. Cf. ad summam quemvis ex istis
babaecalis in Tittae folium coniciet, 37, 37 ; ad summam
siquid vis, ego et tu sponsiuncidam ; exi, defero lamnam,
58, 24. It is frequent in Seneca and occurs in Horace.
6. Plane occurs as a strong asseverative particle, in
the sense of 'there is no doubt that,' as in plane fortunae
filius, 43, 20; plane fugae merae, 45, 41; plane qualis
dominus talis et servus, 58, 12. So in Cic. Att. 11, 11, 1,
narro tihi plane relegatus mihi videor posteaquam in For-
miano sum.
P. Parataxis. Parataxis is common throughout the
animated conversation of the Cena. It occurs between
independent sentences, where autem or igitur or quam-
quam might have been expected. It extends even fur-
ther than this, so that where an infinitive or subjunctive
should occur in a dependent clause, an indicative is used.
This construction is found after credo, puto, scio, spero,
fateor, video, oro, quaeso, dico, rogo, narro. Compare such
instances as et puto cum vicensimariis magnam mantissam
habet, 65, 25 ; scitis magna navis magnam fortitudinem ha-
bet, 76, 13 ; spero tamen iam veterem pudorem sibi imponet,
47, 6.
Rogo, in particular, is followed by paratactic construc-
tions ; either — as in Plautus, and less frequently in Ter-
ence — by the indicative, as in rogo me jmtatis ilia cena esse
contentum ? 39, 5 ; rogo, inquit, numquid duodecim aerumnas
Herculis tenes? 48, 20 ; or by the imperative, so that it has
the parenthetic force of ' I beg you,' as sed narra tu mihi,
fxai, rogo, Fortunata quare non recumbit ? 67, 1. Frequently
it is placed first in a sentence, somewhat like an interjec-
tion, in order to draw attention, as in rogo, vos, oportet ere-
xlii INTRODUCTION.
datis, 63, 25; rogo, Hdbinna, sic peculium tuum fruniscaris ;
siquid perperam feci, in faciem meam inspue, 75, 6.
With the use of the indie, after rogo compare the simi-
lar use after narra, as in sed narra tu mihi, Agamemnon,
quam controversiam hodie declamasti? 48, 8.
G. Asyndeton. Analogous to parataxis, in careless
conversation, is asyndeton, or the omission of connect-
ing particles.
1. Asyndeton within a Sentence.
This is found in early literature as well as in inscrip-
tions. Petr. has it after verbs of commanding, advising,
warning, and the like. Typical illustrations occur in sua-
deo non patiaris, 74, 40 ; curabo lovis iratus sit, 58, 7 ; die
et Menophilae disciimbat, 70, 29 ; cave contemrias, 38, 12 ;
rogamus mittas (in the serm. urbanus), 49, 14 ; volo sint,
71, 20 ; nolo ponas, 74, 45. In 38, 30, we have an exam-
ple of the omission of et: solebat sic cenare, quomodo rex;
apros gausapatos, opei^a pistoria, avis, cocos, p)istores. So
itaque quisquis nascitur illo signo, multa pecora habet, mid-
tum lanae, caput praeterea durum, frontem expudoratam,
cornum acutum, 39, 13. Gf. 38, 2, where et is omitted
between a number of appositives : omnia domi nascuntur;
lana, credrae, piper, lacte gallinaceum, si quaesiris, invenies.
2. (a) A lack of connection between sentences also
occurs, especially in animated conversation ; at times,
however, it is difficult to distinguish an apparent from
a real asyndeton. In 62, 5, the thrilling character of the
tale of the werwolf is indicated by asyndeton : apocula-
mus nos circa gallicinia. luna lucebat tamqiiam meridie.
venimus intra monimenta. homo mens coepit ad stelas
fojcere, sedeo ego cantabundus.
INTRODUCTION, xlii
11
(b) The injection of homely wisdom, old saws, and
proverbs into the conversation is made without the use
of any connective. Cf. modo sic, modo sic, inquit rusticus;
varium porcum 2)erdiderat. quod hodie non est eras erit,
45, 2 ; so in 59, 4, semper in hac re qui vincitur vincit is
introduced by no explanatory connective. Cf. utres in-
Jiati ambulamus. minores qiiam muscae sumus, 42, 7.
(c) Disjunctive asyndeton occurs several times, as plus
minus, 52, 2; hac iliac, 57, 38; velit nolit, 71, 39. With
this may be classed the asyndeton occurring between
opposing ideas, as in quern amat amat, quern non amat
non amat, 37, 13; or in 44, 30, nunc populus est domi
leones, foras vulpes, and nemo lovem pili facit, sed omnes
opertis oculis bona sua computant. antea stolatae ibant,
44, 36.
(d) There are six instances in the Cena where a new
sentence is begun with such a form of puto as putes or
putares or j^utusses, for which a result clause introduced
by ut might have been expected, as putares eos gallos gal-
linaceos, 45, 36 ; pz^^es taurum, 47, 7 ; putares me hoc ius-
sisse, 76, 7. So vides, with the force of the French voild,
stands at the beginning of a sentence, needing no con-
nective to join it with the preceding sentence ; cf. 36, 17,
38, 10 and 13, 46, 29.
Quod as a Conjunction. Of the conjunctive use of quod,
which dates as early as the time of Plautus, but little can
be said, so far as its appearance in Petronius is concerned.
There are possibly two illustrations, viz. 45, 30, subolfacio
quod nobis epulum Mammea daturus est, and 46, 14, dixi
quod mustella comedit. It is out of this use of quod that
the modern French que (' that ') arose.
xliv INTKODUCTION. '
BIBLIOGRAPHY.
A complete bibliography of the literature on Petronius for the
past twenty-five years will be found in Bursian's Jahresbericht
iiber die Fortschritte der Altertumswissenschaft, vols, xiv., 1878,
pp. 171-172; xlvi., 1886, pp. 195 ff. ; Ixxii., 1892, pp. 161-181;
xcviii., 1898, pp. 33-117. The following is a selected list, and
includes : —
A. Texts.
Petr. Burmanno curante, T. Petronii Arbitri satyricon quae super-
sunt cum doctorum virorum commentariis ; et notis Heinsii et
Goesii antea ineditis ; quibus additae Dupeuratii et auctiores
Bourdelotii ac Beinesii notae. Adiciuntur Dousae praecida-
nea, Gonsali de Salas commenta, variae dissertationes et prae-
fationes^ Editio altera. Amstelaedami, mdccxxxxiii.
r. Bucheler, Petronii Arbitri Satirarum Beliquiae. Berolini :
Apud Weidmannos, mdccclxii.
F. Bucheler, Petronii Satirae et Liber Priapeorum, tert. edit. Ad-
iectae sunt Varronis et Senecae Satirae similesque reliquiae.
Berolini : Apud Weidmannos, mdccclxxxii.
L. Friedlander, Petronii Cena Trimalchionis., mit deutscher i'lber-
setzung und erkldrenden anmerkungen. Leipzig: S. Hirzel,
1891.
B. General Critique.
Martin Schanz, in Miiller's Handbuch der Jclass. Altertums-
wissenschaft, viii. ii. 2, 2d ed., Bom. Literaturgeschichte.
Mtinchen : C. H. Beck, 1901.
L. Friedlander, Darstellungen aus der sittengeschichte Boms.
6th ed. Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1888.
J. Marquardt, Privatleben der B'dmer. 2d ed. Leipzig : S. Hir-
zel, 1886.
A. Collignon, £tude sur Petrone. Paris : Hachette et Cie., 1892.
E. Thomas, Venvers de la societe romaine d''apres Petrone. 2d ed.
Paris : Fontemoing, 1902.
INTRODUCTION. xlv
R. Burger, Der antike Bomaii vor Petronius (Hermes, 1892, vol.
xxiv., pp. 345-358).
E. Rohde, Zum griechischen Roman ( Rheinisches Museum, 1893,
vol. xlviii., pp. 125 ff.).
R. Heinze, Petron unci der griechische Roman ("Hermes," 1899,
vol. xxxiiii., pp. 512 ff.).
E. Norden, Die antike kunst-prosa. Leipzig: Teubner, 1898.
R. Hirzel, Der Dialog. Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1895.
E. Klebs, Zur composition von Petronius^ Satirae (Philologus,
1889, vol. xlvii.).
Haberlin, in the Berl. Phil Wochenschrift, 1893, col. 946.
Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii; its Life and Art. New York : Macmillan,
1899.
J. Schmidt, De Seviris Augustalibus. Halis Saxonum: M. Nie-
meyer, mdccclxxviii.
C. H. Beck, The Age of Petronius. Cambridge (Mass.): 1856.
The MSS. of Petronius. Cambridge (Mass.): 1863.
A. Otto, Die sprichworter und sprichwortlichen redensarten der
R'dmer. Leipzig : Teubner, 1890.
H. T. Peck, C. Petronii Arbitri Cena Trimalchionis anglice red-
didit et prooemio cum appendice bibliograph. instruxit. Nov.
Ebor. : Dodd Mead et Soc, mdcccxcviii.
H. W. Hayley, Quaestiones Petronianae (Harv. Studies in Class.
Philology, ii., pp. 1-40. Boston: Ginn & Co., 1891).
C. Language, Grammar, and Interpretation.
Segebade et Lommatzsch, Lexicon Petronianum. Lipsiae : Teubner,
MDCCCXCVIII.
W. Heraeus, Die Sprache des Petron und die Glossen. Offenbach:
MDCCCXCIX.
H. Ronsch, Itala und Vulgata, das sprachidiom der urchristlichen
itala und der katholischen vulgata unter berucksichtigung der
Romischen volkssprache. Marburg : N. G. Elwert, 1875.
F. T. Cooper, Word Formation in the Roman Sermo Plebeius.
Boston : Ginn & Co., 1895.
E. Ludwig, De Petronii sermone plebeio dissertatio. Leipzig, 1870.
/fs
Xlvi INTRODUCTION. .
'I
J. Segebade, Observationes grammaticae et criticae in Petronium. ||
Halis Saxonum : Typ. Karrasianis, mdccclxxx.:
A. von Guericke, De linguae vulgaris reliquiis apud Petronium
et in inscriptionihus parietariis Pompeianis, dissert, inaug.
Gumbinnae : Typ. Krausen., mdccclxxv.
G. N. Olcott, Studies in the Word Formation of the Latin Inscrip- |
tions with reference to the Latin Sermo Vulgaris. Rome: I
Sallustian Typography, 1898.
>J
oi^"
V
a.
A -^
\- ^-^
PETRONII
CENA TRLMALCHIONIS.
Encolpius and his friend, Ascyltus, prepare for Trimalchio' s
banquet. Wandering about, they find him at exercise, play-
ing ball.
Venerat iam tertius dies, id est expectatio liberae cenae, 26
sed tot \^lneribus confossis fuga magis placebat, quam
quies. itaque cum maesti deliberaremus, quonam genera
praesentem evitaremus procellam, unus servus Agamein- -
nonis interpellavit trepidantes et 'quid? vos' inquit 'ne- 5
scitis, hodie apud quern fiat ? Trimalchio, lautissimus
homo, horologium in triclinio et bucinatorem habet subor-
natum. ut subinde seiat, quantum de vita perdiderit.' ami-
cimur ergo diligenter obliti omnium malorum, et Gitona
libentissime servile officium tuentem usque hoc iubemus
in balnea sequi. Xos interim vestiti errare coepimus 27
immo iocari magis et circulis ludentum accedere,
cum subito vklemus senem calvum, tunica vestitum riissea,
inter pueros capillatos ludenteni i:)ila. nee tarn, puen no.s,
quamqnani erat operae pretium, ad spectaculum duxerant, 5
quani ipse pater faniiliae, qui soleatus pila p)rasina exerce-
batitr. nee amjylius earn repetebat quae terram contigerat,
sed folleni plenum habebat servus sufficiebatque ludentibus.
notavimus etiam res novas, nam duo spadones in diversa
1
Z . PETRONII
IQ j^arte cvricuii ^siahant, quorum alter inatellam tenebat argen-
team, alter numerabat pilas, non quidem eas quae inter
manus lusu expellente vibrabant, sed eas quae in terrain
decidebant. cum has ergo miraremur lautitias, accurrit
Menelaus et ' liic est ' inquit ' apud quern cubitum pone-
15 tis, et quidem iam priucipium cenae videtis.' et iam
non loquebatur Menelaus cum Trimalchio digitos concre-
puit, ad quod signum matellam spado ludeyiti subiecit.
exonerata ille vesica aquam poposcit ad manus, digitosque
paululum adspersos in capite pueri tersit.
After the game, all bathe and proceed to the house of the host.
28 Longum erat singula excipere. itaque intravimus bal-
neum, et sudore calfacti momento temporis ad frigidam
eximus. iam Trimalchio iingueyito perfusus tergebatur,
non linteis, sed palliis ex lana mollissima factis. tres in-
.5 terim iatraliptae in conspectu eius Falernum potabant,
et cum plurimum rixantes effunderent, Trimalchio hoc
suum propinasse dicebat. hinc involutus coccina gausajja
lecticae impositus est praecedentibus phaleratis cursoribus
quattuor et chiramaxio, in quo deliciae eius vehebantur,
10 puer vetidus, lij^pus, domino Trimalchione deformior. cum
ergo auferretur, ad caput eius sym])honiacus cum miniynis
tibiis accessit et tanquam in aurem aliquid secreto diceret,
toto itinere cantavit.
Description of the entrance to the house, and of the startling
mural paintings.
Sequimur nos admiratione iam saturi et cum Agamem-
15 7ione ad ianuam pervenimus, in cuius poste libellus erat
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 8
cum hac inscriptione fixus : y visgvis servvs sine domi-
NICO IVSSV FORAS EXIERIT, ACCIPIET PLAGAS CENTVM. m
aditu autem ipso stabat ostiarius prasinatuH, cerasino sitx>
cinctus cingulo, atque in lance argentea j>i'.s«?/i puryabat.
super limen autem cacea pendebat aurea, in qua pica varia
intrantes salutabat. Ceterum ego dum omnia stupeOj paene 29
resupinatus crura mea fregi. ad sinistram enim intranti-
bus non longe ab ostiarii cella canis ingens, catena vinctus,
in pariete erat pictus superque quadrata litera scriptum
CAVE CANEM. ct coUegac quidem rtiei risenint, ego autem 5
coUecto spirita non destiti totum parietem persequi. erat
autem venalicium {cum) titulis pictum, et ipse Trimalchio
capillatus caduceum tenebat Minervaque ducente Roinam
intrabat. liinc quemadmodum ratiocinari didicisset, deni-
que disjpensator /actus esset, omnia diligenter curiosus pnctor 10
cum inscriptione reddiderat. in dejiciente vero iam porticu
levatum mento in tribunal excelsum Mercurius rapiebat.
praesto erat Fortuna (cum) cornu abundanti [copiosa~\ et
tres Parcae aurea pensa torquentes. notavi etiam in por-
ticu gregem cursorum cum magistro se exercentem. prae- 15
terea grande armarium in angulo vidi, in cuius aedicula
erant Lares argentei pjositi Venerisque signum marmoreum
et pyxis aurea non pusilla, in qua barbam ijmus conditam
esse dicebant.
Interrogare ergo atriensem coepi, quas in medio picturas 20
haberent. ' Hiada et Odyssian ' inquit ' ac Laenatis gla-
diatorium munus.' Non licebat miiltas iam (picturas) 30
considerare
4 PETRONII
The guests reach the triclinium. Interesting decorations^ in-
scriptions and notices. A negligent slave is saved from
punishment.
Nos iam ad triclinium perveneramuSj in cuius parte prima
procurator rationes accipiebat. et quod praecipue miratus
5 sum, in postibus triclinii fasces erant cum securibus fxi,
quorum imam partem quasi embolum navis aeneum finie-
bat, in quo erat scriptum: c. pompeio trimalchioni,
SEVIRO AVGVSTALI, CINNAMVS DISPENSATOR. Sub eodcm
titulo et lucerna bilychnis de camera pendebat, et dime tabu-
la lae in utroque poste defixae, quarum altera, si bene memini,
hoc habebat inscriptum: iii. et pridie kalendas ianva-
RiAS c. NOSTER FORAs CENAT, altera lunac cursum stel-
larumque septem imagines pictas; et qui dies boni quique
incommodi essent, distinguente bidla notabantur.
15 His repleti voluptatibus cum conaremur in triclinium
intrare, exclamavit unus ex pueris, qui super hoc officium
erat positus, ' dextro pede/ sine dubio paulisper trepi-
davimus, ne contra praeceptum aliquis nostrum limen
transiret. ceterum ut pariter movimus dextros gressus,
20 servus nobis despoliatus procubuit ad pedes ac rogare coe-
pit, ut se poenae eriperemus: nee magnum esse peccatum
suum, propter quod periclitaretur ; subducta enim sibi vesti-
menta dispensatoris in balneo, quae vix fuissent decem se-
stertiorum. rettidimus ergo dextros pedes dispensatoremque
25 in atrio aureos numerantem deprecati sumus, ut servo re-
mitteret poenam. siqyerbus ille sustidit vultum et ' non tam
iactura me movet^ inquit ^quam negligentia nequissimi servi.
vestimenta mea cubitoria perdidit, quae mihi natali meo cliens
I
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 5
qvidani donaverat, Tjfrki sine dubio, sed iam semel lota,
quid errjo est? dono vohis enni.^ 31
Obligati tarn grandi henejicio cum intrassemus tricli-
nium, occurrit nobis ille idem sercus, pro quo rogave-
ramtiSy et stupentibus ^pississima basia impegit gratias
agens humanitati nostrae. ^ ad summam, statim scietis, 5
ait 'cui dederitis benejicium. vinum dominicum ministror
toris gratia est '
They take their places upon entering the dining room. The Jirst
light course, an appetizer, is brought in. Its description.
*
Tandem, ergo discubuiinus pueris Alexandrinis aquam in
manus nivatam infundentibus aliisque insequentibus ad
pedes ac paronychia cum ingenti subtilitate tollentibus. lo
ac ne in hoc quidem tarn molesto tacebant officio, sed obi-
ter cantabant. ego experiri volui, an tota familia canta-
retf itaque potionem poposci. paratissimus puer non minus
me acido cantico excepit, et quisquis aliquid rogatus erat
ut daret, {simul cantabat.) pantomimi chx)rum, non patris 15
familiae triclinium crederes.
cdlata est tamen gustatio
valde lauta; nam iam omnes discubuerant praeter ipsum
Trimalchionem, cui locus novo more primus servabatur.
ceterum in promulsidari asellus erat Corinthius cum bisac- 20
cio positus, qui habebat olivas in cdtera parte albas, in
altera nigras. tegebant asellum duae lances, in quarum
marginibus nomen Trimalchionis inscriptum erat et argenti
pondus. ponticuli etiam ferruminati sustinebant glires
melle ac papavere sparsos. fuenuit et tomacula supra era- 25
PETRONII
ticulam argenteam ferventia posita, et infra craticulam
Syriaca pruna cum granis Punici mail.
Trimalchio enters to the accompaniment of music. His ridiculous
appearance and dress. While he continues a game which he
de.fires to finish, a second appetizer is served; its description.
Some dishes are smashed in its hasty removal.
32 In his eramus lautitiis, cum ipse Trimalchio ad sympho-
niam allatus est positusque inter cervicalia mimitissima
expressit imprudentibus visum, pallio enim coccineo adra-
sum excluserat caput circaque oneratas veste cervices lati-
5 claviam immiserat mappam Jimbriis hinc atque illinc
pendentibus. habebat etiam in minimo digito sinistrae
manus ayndum grandem subauratum, extremo vero arti-
culo digiti sequentis minorem., ut mihi videbatur, totum
aureum, sed plane ferreis veluti stellis ferruminatxtm. et
10 ne has tantum ostenderet divitias, dextrum nudavit lacer-
tum armilla aurea cultum et eboreo circulo lamina splen-
ZZ.dcnte conexo. Ut deinde pinna argentea denies perfodit,
' amid ' inquit ' nondum mihi suave erat in triclinium
venire, sed ne diutius absentivos morae vobis essem, om-
nem voliqjtatem mihi negavi. permittetis tayien finiri
5 hisum.^ sequebatur puer cum tabida terebiyithina et cry-
stallinis tesseris iiotavique rem omnium delicatissimam.
pro calculis enim albis ac nigris aureos argenteosque
habebat denarios. interim dum ille omnium textorum
dicta inter lusum consumit, gustantibus adhuc nobis repo-
10 sitorium allatuni est cum corbe, in quo gallina erat lignea
patentibus in orbem alis, quales esse solent quae incubant
ova. accessere continuo duo servi et symphonia strepente
i\
CENA TRLMALCHIONIS. 7
scrutari paleam coeperunt erutaque subinde pavonina ova
divisere convivis. convertit ad hanc scaenum Trimalchio
vultum et *amici' ait ^pavonis ova gallinae iussi siqij^oni. 15
et mehercules thneo ne iam concepti shit; temptemus tameiij
si adliuc sorbilia sunt.'' accipimus nos cochlearia non minus
selibras j)endentia ovaque ex farina pingni Jiyurata 7)er-
tundinius. eyo quideni jKiene proieci jxirtem meam, nam
videbatur mihi iam in pidhim coisse. deinde ut audivi 20
veterem convivam ^hic nescio quid boni debet esse,' per-
secutus puiamen manu pinguissimam ficedulam inveni pipe-
rato vitello circumdatam.
Iam Trimalchio eadem omnia lusu intermisso p)oposcerat 34
feceratque ix)testatem clara voce, si quis nostrum iterxim
vellet mulsum sumere, cum subito signum symphonia datur
et gustatoria pariter a choro cantante rapiuntur. cetei'wm
inter tumultum cum forte paropsis excidisset et jyuer iacen- 5
tern sustulisset, animadvertit Trimalchio colaphisque obiur-
garipuerum ac proicere rursus jKirojjsidem iussit. insecutus
est {supeli)lecticarius argentumque inter reliqua purgamenta
scopis coepit everrere. subinde intraverunt duo Aethio
pes capillati cum pusillis utribus, quales solent esse qui 10
harenam in amphitheatre spargunt, vinumque dedere in
manus ; aquara enim nemo porrexit.
Laudatus p)t'opter elegantias dominus ' aequum' inquit
* Mars amat. itaque iussi suam cuique mensam assignari.
obiter et jmtidissinii servi minorem nobis aestum frequeixtia 15
sua facient.'
8 PETRONII
Falernian wine is brought in. Apostrophe of Trimalchio over the
silver skeleton.
Statim allatae sunt amphorae vitreae diligenter gypsatae,
quarum in cervicibus pittacia erant affixa cum hoc titulo :
FALERNVM OPIMIANVM ANXORVM CEXTVM. dum UtuloS
20 perlegimus, complosit Trimalchio manus et 'eheu' inquit
^ ergo diutius vivit viiium quam homuncio. quare tengo-
menas faciamus. vinum vita est. verum Opimianum
2)raesto. heri non tam honum posui, et midto honestiores
cenabant.' potantibus ergo nobis et accuratissime lautitias
25 mirantibus laruam argenteam attidit servus sic aptatam,
ut articuli eius vertebraeque luxatae in omnem ixirtem
Jiecterentur. hanc cum super mensam semel iterumque
abiecisset, et catenatio mobilis aliquot jiguras exprimeret,
Trimalchio adiecit :
30 ^ eheii nos miseros, quam totus homuncio nil est.
sic erimus cuncti, postquam nos auferet Orcus.
ergo vivamus, dum licet esse bene.''
The third course turns out to be a clever zodiacal design. Transition
to the fourth course, with which the real eating begins. Carpus
does the carving.
35 Laudationem ferculum est insecutum plane non pro ex-
pectatione magnum; novitas tamen omnium convertit ocu-
los. rotundum enim repositorium duodecim habebat signa
in orbe disposita, super quae propriiun convenientemque
5 materiae structor imposuerat cibum: super arietem cicer
arietinum, super taurum bubulae frustum, siq^er geminos
testiculos ac rienes, super cancrum coronam, super leonem
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 9
Jicum Africanam, super virginem steriliculam, super libram
stateram in cuius altera parte scriblita erat, in altera pla-
centa, super scorpionem pisciculum marinum, super sagit- 10
tarium oclopetam, super capricornum locustani marinam,
super aquarium anserem, super pisces duos mullos. in
medio antem caespes cum lierhis excisus favum sustinebat.
circumferebat Aegijjytius puer clibano argenteo panem
atque ipse etiam taeterrima voce de Laserpiciario mimo 15
canticum extorsit. nos ut tristiores ad tarn viles accessi-
mus cibos, 'suadeo' inquit Trimalchio 'cenemus' [hoc est
in. cenae.^ Haec ut dixit, ad symphoniam quattuor tri- 36
pudiantes procurrerunt superior emq^ie partem repositorii
abstulerunt. quo facto videmus infra [scilicet in altera
fercido~\ altilia et sumina leporemque in medio pinnis
subornatum, ut Pegasus videretur. notavimus etiam circa 5
angulos repositorii Marsyas quattuor, ex quorum utriculis
garum piperatum currebat super pisces, qui tanquam in
euripo natabant. damus omnes plausum a familia in-
cept um et res electissimas ridentes aggredimur. non minus
et Tnmalchio eiusmodi methodio laetus ' Carpe ' inquit. lO
processit statim scissor et ad symphoniam gesticulatus ita
laceravit obsonium, ut putares essedarium hydraule can-
tante pugnare. ingerebat nihilo minus Trimalchio lentis-
sima voce ' Carpe, Carpe.^ ego suspicatus ad aliquam
urbanitatem totiens iteratam vocem pertinere, non erubui 15
eum qui supra me accumbebat, hoc ipsum interrogare. at
ille, qui saepius eiusmodi ludos spectaverat, 'vides ilium'
inquit 'qui obsonium carpit : Carpus vacatur. ita quo-
tiescunque dicit " Carpe,'' eodem verba et vocat et imperat.'
10 PETRONII
Encolpius chats with his neighbor about their host and hostess, Tri-
malchio and Fortunata. They discuss one of the banqueters,
once a slave but now a rich freedman. Another, who was an
undertaker, has had his financial ups and downs.
37 Non potui am2)lius quicquam gustare, sed conversus ad
eum, ut quam plurima exciperem, longe accersere fabulas
coepi sciscitarique, quae esset mulier ilia, quae hue atque
illuc discurreret ^ uxor ' inquit ' Trimalchionis, Fortunata
5 appellatur, quae nummos' modio metitur. et modo, modo
quid fuit ? ignoscet mihi genius tuus, noluisses de manu
illius pfanem accipere. nunc, nee quid nee quare, in cae-
lum ahiit et Trimalcliionis topanta est. ad summam, mero
meridie si dixerit illi tenehras esse, credet. ipse nescit
10 quid habeat, adeo saplutiis est fT sed haec lupatria pro-
videt omnia et ubi non putes. est sicca, sobria, bonorum
consiliorum [tantum auri vides], est tamen malae lin-
guae, pica pulvinaris. quern amat, amat; quern non
amat, non amat. ipse Trimalchio fundos habet, qua
15 milvi volant, nummorum nummos. argentum in ostia-
rii illius cella plus iacet, quam quisquam in fortunis
habet. familia vero babae babae, non mehercules puto
decumam partem esse quae dominum suum noverit. ad
summam, quemvis ex istis babaecalis in rutae folium
38 coniciet. ^ Nee est quod putes ilium quicquam emere.
omnia domi nascuntur : lana, credrae, piper, lacte galli-
naceum si quaesieris, invenies. ad summam, parum illi
bona lana nascebatur ; arietes a Tarento emit et eos cula-
5 vit in gregem. mel Atticum ut domi nasceretur, apes ab
Athenis iussit afferri ; obiter et vernaculae quae sunt,
meliusculae a Graeculis fient. ecce intra bos dies
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 11
scripsit, lit illi ex India semen boletorum mitteretur.
nam mulam quidem null am liabet, quae non ex onagro
nata sit. vides tot culcitras : nulla non aut conchylia- lo
tiim aut coccineum tomentum habet. tanta est animi
beatitudo. reliquos autem collibertos eius cave con-
temnas. valde suoossi sunt, vides ilium (lui in imo
imus recumbit: hodie sua octingenta possidet. de nihilo
crevit. modo solebat collo sue ligna portare. sed quo- 15
mode dicunt — ego nihil scio, sed audivi — quom In-
cuboni pilleum rapuisset, [et] thesaurum invenit. ego
nemini invideo, si quid deus dedit. est tamen sub alapa
et non vult sibi male, itaque proxime locationem hoc
titulo proscripsit: c. pompeivs diogexes ex kalexdis 20
IVLIIS CEXACVLVM LOCAT ; IPSE EXIM DOMVM EMIT. quid
ille qui libertini loco iacet, quam bene se habuit. non
impropero illi. sestertium suum vidit decies, sed male
vacillavit. non piito ilium capillos liberos habere, nee
mehercules sua culpa; ipso enim homo melior non est; 25
sed liberti scelerati, qui omnia ad se fecerunt. scito
autem : sociorum olla male f ervet, et ubi semel res incli-
nata est, amici de medio, et quam honestam negotia-
tionem exercuit, quod ilium sic vides. libitinarius fiiit.
solebat sic cenare, quomodo rex : apros gausapatos, opera 30
pistoria, avis, cocos, pistores. plus vini sub mensa effun-
debatur, quam aliquis in cella habet. phantasia, non
homo, inclinatis quoqiie rebus siiis, cum timeret ne
creditores ilium conturbare existimarent, hoc titulo auc-
tionem proscripsit: (c.) ivlivs procvlvs avctionem 35
FACIET RERVM SVPERVACVARVM.
12 PETRONII
I Trimalchio now engrosses the conversation. His astrological lore.
39 Interpellavit tarn dulces fabulas Trimalchio ; nam iam
sublatum erat ferciilum, hilaresque convivae vino ser-
monibusque publicatis operam coeperant dare, is ergo
reclinatus in cubitum ' hoc vinum ' in quit ' vos oportet
5 suave faciatis. pisces natare oportet. rogo, me putatis
ilia cena esse contentum, quam in theca repositorii vide-
ratis ? " sic notus Vlixes ? " quid ergo est ? oportet
etiam inter cenandum philologiam nosse. patrono meo
ossa bene quiescant, qui me hominem inter homines
10 voluit esse, nam mihi nihil novi potest afferri, sicut
ille fericulus iam habuit praxim. ^ caelus hie, in quo
duodecim dii habitant, in totidem se hguras convertit,
et modo fit aries. itaque quisquis nascitur illo signo,
multa pecora habet, multum lanae, caput praeterea
15 durum, frontem expudoratam, cornum acutum. plurimi
hoc signo scholastici nascuntur et arietilli.' laudamus
urbanitatem mathematici ; itaque adiecit ' deinde totus
caelus taurulus fit. itaque tunc calcitrosi nascuntur et
bubulci et qui se ipsi pascunt. in geminis autem nascun-
20 tur bigae et boves et colei et qui utrosque parietes linunt.
in cancro ego natus sum. ideo multis pedibus sto, et in
mari et in terra multa possideo; nam cancer et hoc et
illoc quadrat, et ideo iam dudum nihil supra ilium
posui, ne genesim meam premerem. in leone catapha-
25 gae nascuntur et imperiosi ; in virgine mulieres et fugi-
tivi et compediti ; in libra laniones et unguentarii et
quicunque aliquid expediunt ; in scorpione venenarii et
percussores ; in sagittario strabones, qui holera spectant,
CENA TRIMALCHIOXIS. 13
iardum tollunt ; in capricorno aerumnosi, quibus prae
mala sua cornua nascuntiir ; in aquario copones et cu- 30
curbitae ; in piscibus obsonatores et rhetores. sic orbis
vertitur tanquam mola, et semper aliquid mali facit, ut
homines aut nascantur ant pereant. quod autem in
medio caespitem videtis et supra caespitem favum, nihil
sine ratione facio. terra mater est in medio quasi ovum 35
corrotundata, et omnia bona in se habet tanquam favus.'
A ffth course, the second of the banquet proper. Meaning of the
liberty cap on the head of the stuffed pig. Grapes are passed.
Punning on Liber (liber).
^ Sophos ' universi clamamus et sublatis manibus ad 40
cameram iuramus Hipparchum Aratumque comparandos
illi homines non fuisse, donee advenerunt ministri ac
toralia praeposuerunt toris, in quibus retia erant picta
subsessoresque cum venabulis et totus venationis appa- 5
ratus. necdum sciebamus, (quo) mitteremus suspiciones
nostras, cum extra triclinium clamor sublatus est ingens,
et ecce canes Laconici etiam circa mensam discurrere
coeperunt. secutum est hos repositorium, in quo posi-
tus erat primae magnitudinis aper, et quidem pilleatus, 10
e cuius dentibus sportellae dependebant duae palmulis
textae, altera caryotis altera thebaicis repleta. circa
autem minores porcelli ex coptoplacentis facti, quas'-
uberibus imminerent, scrofam esse positam significabant.
et hi quidem apophoreti fuerunt. ceterum ad scinden- 15
dum aprum non ille Carpus accessit, qui altilia lacerave-
rat, sed barbatus ingens, fasciis cruralibus alligatus et
alicula subornatus polymita, strictoque venatorio cultro
14 PETRONII
latus apri vehementer percussit, ex cuius plaga turdi
20 evolaverunt. parati aucupes cum harundinibus fuerunt
et eos circa triclinium volitantes momento exceperunt.
iiide cum suum cuique iussisset referri TrimalcMo, adie-
cit : ' etiam videte, quam porcus ille silvaticus lotam
comederit glandem/ statim pueri ad sportellas accesse-
runt, quae pendebant e dentibus, thebaicasque et caryotas
41 ad numerum divisere cenantibus. Interim ego, qui priva-
tum habebam secessum, in multas cogitationes deductus
sum, quare aper pilleatus intrasset. postquam itaque
omnis bacalusias consumpsi, duravi interrogare ilium
5 interpretem meum, quod me torqueret. at ille: ^ plane
etiam hoc servus tuus indicare potest ; non enim aenigma
est, sed res aperta. hie aper, cum heri summa cena eum
vindicasset, a convivis dimissus (est) ; itaque hodie tan-
quam libertus in convivium revertitur.' damnavi ego
10 stuporem meum et nihil amplius interrogavi, ne viderer
nunquam inter honestos cenasse.
Dum haec loquimur, puer speciosus, vitibus hederisque
redimitus, modo Bromium, interdum Lyaeum Euhiumque
confessus, calathisco uvas circumtulit et poemata domini
15 sui acutissima voce traduxit. ad quem sonum conversus
Trimalchio ' Dionyse ' inquit ' liber esto.' puer detraxit
pilleum apro capitique suo imposuit. tum Trimalchio
rursus adiecit: 'non negabitis me' inquit 'habere Libe-
rum patrem.' laudavimus dictum Trimalchionis et cir-
20 cumeuntem puerum sane perbasiamus.
CENA TRIMALCHTONIS. 15
Trimalchio leaves the table, general conversation ensues. Dama
begins by praising wine.
_y^ Ab hoc ferculo Trimalchio ad lasanum surrexit. nos
Mibertatem sine tyranno nacti coepimus invitare convi-
varum sermones. Dama itaque primus cum pataracina
poposcisset/ dies' inquit 'nihil est. dum versas te, nox
fit. itaque nihil est melius, quam de cubiculo recta in 25
triclinium ire. et mundum frigus habuimus. vix me
balneus calfecit. tamen calda potio vestiarius est. sta- f^^^t,/^^
minatas duxi, et plane matus sum. vinus mihi in cere- (^ J^O*^
brum abiit.' "T— uSYArKK
Seleucus agrees as to the heating effect of wine, but gives a chilling
account of the funeral of Chrysanthus.
€
Excepit Seleucus fabulae partem et ' ego ' inquit ' non 42
cotidie lavor ; balniscus enim fullo est, aqua dentes habet,
et cor nostrum cotidie liquescit. sed cum mulsi pulta-
rium obduxi, frigori laecasin dico. nee sane lavare
potui ; fui enim hodie in f unus. -^homo bellus, tam bonus 5
Chrysanthus animam ebulliit. modo, modo me appel-
lavit. videor mihi cum illo loqui. heu, eheu. utres in-
flati ambulamus. minoris quam muscae sumus, (muscae)
'?/j^9imeTi aliquam virtutem habent, nos non pluris sumus
quam bullae, et quid si non abstinax fuisset ? quinque lo
dies aquam in os suum non coniecit, non micam panis.
tamen abiit ad plures. medici ilium perdiderunt, immo
magis malus fatus; medicus enim nihil aliud est quam
animi consolatio. tamen bene elatus est, vitali lecto,
stragiilis bonis, planctus est optime — manu misit ali- 15
16 PETRONII
quot — etiam si maligne ilium ploravit uxor, quid si
non illani optime accepisset ? sed mulier quae mulier
milvinum genus, neminem nihil boni facere oportet;
aeque est enim ac si in puteum conicias. sed antiquus
20 amor cancer est.'
Phileros tells a more cheerful tale about the prosperous brother of
Chrysanthus.
43 Molestus f uit, Philerosque proclamavit : ' vivorum me-
minerimus. ille habet, quod sibi debebatur: honeste
vixit, honeste obiit. quid habet quod queratur? ab
asse crevit et paratus fuit quadrantem de stercore mor-
5 dicus tollere. itaque crevit, quicquid crevit, tanquam
favus. puto mehercules ilium reliquisse solida centum,
et omnia in nummis habuit. de re tamen ego verum
dicam, qui linguam caninam comedi : durae buccae fuit,
linguosus, discordia, non homo, frater eius fortis fuit,
10 amicus amico, manu plena, uncta mensa. et inter initia
malam parram pilavit, sed recorrexit costas illius prima
vindemia; vendidit enim vinum, quanti ipse voluit. et
quod illius mentum sustulit, hereditatem accepit, ex qua
plus involavit, quam illi relictum est. et ille stips, dum
15 fratri suo irascitur, nescio cui terrae filio patrimonium
elegavit. longe fugit, quisquis suos fagit. habuit autem
oricularios servos, qui ilium pessum dederunt. nunquam
autem recte faciei, qui cito credit, utique homo negotians.
tamen verum quod frunitus est, quam diu vixit
20 cui datum est, non cui destinatum. plane Fortunae
filius, in manu illius plumbum aurum fiebat. facile
est autem, ubi omnia quadrata currunt. et quot putas
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 17
ilium annos secum tulisse? septiiaginta et supra, sed
corneolus fuit, aetatem beue ferebat, niger tanquam cor-
vus. noveram hominem olim oliorum, et adhuc salax 25
erat. nou mehercules ilium puto in domo canem reli-
quisse. immo etiam pullarius erat, omnis minervae
homo, nee iniprobo; hoc solum enim secum tulit.'
Ganymedes complains of high prices in the grain market ; the good
old time of generous Aediles is gone ; and men do not seek divine
help in times of famine as they used to.
Haec Phileros dixit, ilia Ganymedes : ' narratis quod 44
nee ad caelum nee ad terram pertinet, cum interim nemo
curat, quid annona mordet. non mehercules hodie buc-
cam panis invenire potui. et quomodo siccitas perseve-
rat. iam annum esuritio fuit. aediles male eveniat, qui 5
cum pistoribus colludunt " serva me, servabo te." itaque
populus minutus laborat ; nam isti maiores maxillae sem-
per Saturnalia agunt. o si haberemus illos leones, quos
ego hie inveni, cum primum ex Asia veni. illud erat
vivere. simila si siligine inferior esset, laruas sic istos lO
percolopabant, ut illis lupiter iratus esset. [sed] me-
mini Safinimn : tunc habitabat ad arcum veterem, me
puero, piper, non homo, is quacunque ibat, terram adu-
rebat. sed rectus, sed certus, amicus amico, cum quo
audacter posses in tenebris micare. in curia autem quo- 15
modo singulos [vfl] pilabat [tractabat]. nee schemas
loquebatur sed directum, cum ageret porro in foro, sic
illius vox :rescebat tanquam tuba, nee sudavit unquam
nee expuit, puto eum nescio quid Asiadis habuisse, et
quam benignus resalutare, nomina omnium reddere, tan- 20
18 PETBONII
quam unus de nobis, itaque illo tempore annona pro
luto erat. asse panem quern einisses, non potuisses cum
altero devorare. nunc oculum bublum vidi maiorem.
lieu heu, quotidie peius. haec colonia retroversus crescit
25 tanquam coda vituli. sed quare nos habemus aedilem
trium cauniarum, qui sibi mavult assem quam vitam
nostram ? itaque domi gaudet, plus in die nummorum
accipit, quam alter patrimonium habet. iam scio, unde
acceperit denarios mille aureos. sed si nos coleos habe-
30 remus, non tantum sibi placeret. nunc populus est domi
leones, foras vulpes. quod ad me attinet, iam pannos
meos comedi, et si perseverat haec annona, casulas meas
vendam. quid enim futurum est, si nee dii nee homines
huius coloniae miserentur ? ita meos f runiscar, ut ego
35 puto omnia ilia a diibus fieri, nemo enim caelum caelum
putat, nemo ieiunium servat, nemo lovem pili facit, sed
omnes opertis oculis bona sua computant. antea stolatae
ibant nudis pedibus in clivum, passis capillis, mentibus
puris, et lovem aquam exorabant. itaque statim urcea-
40 tim plovebat ; aut tunc aut nunquam ; et omnes redibant
udi tanquam mures, itaque dii pedes lanatos habent,
quia nos religiosi non sumus. agri iacent ' —
A long harangue hy Echion : " things never remain at their worst ;
our Titus will cheer us with gladiatorial shows." The speaker
may seem too talkative, but he has some promising lads at home
whom he desires Agamemnon to see.
45 ' Oro te ' inquit Echion centonarius ' melius loquere.
" modo sic, modo sic '' inquit rusticus ; varium porcum
perdiderat. quod liodie non est, eras erit: sic vita tru-
CENA TKIMALCH10>IS. 19
ditur. non mehercules patria raelior dici potest, si homi-
nes haberet. sed laborat hoc tempore, nee haec sola. 5
non debemus delicati esse, ubique medius caelus est.
tu si aliiibi fueris, dices hie porcos coctos ambulare. et
ecce habituri siimus munus excellente in triduo die
festa; familia non lanisticia, sed plurinii liberti. et
Titus noster magnum animum habet et est caldicere- lO
brius ; aut hoc aut illud erit, quid utique. nam illi
domesticus sum, non est miscix. ferrum optimum datu-
rus est, sine fuga, carnarium in medio, ut amphitheater
videat. et habet unde ; relictum est illi sestertium tri-
centies, decessit illius pater male, ut quadringenta im- 15
pendat, non sentiet patrimonium illius, et sempiterno
nominabitur. iam IVIanios aliquot habet et mulierem es-
sedariam et dispensatorem Glyconis, qui deprehensus est,
cum dominam suam delectaretur. videbis populi rixam
inter zelotypos et amasiunculos. Glyco autem, sestertia- 20
rius homo, dispensatorem ad bestias dedit. hoc est se
ipsum traducere. quid servus peccavit, qui coactus est
facere ? magis ilia matella digna fuit, quam taurus
iactaret. sed qui asinum non potest, stratum caedit.
quid autem Glyco putabat Hermogenis filicem unquam 25
bonum exitum facturam ? ille milvo volanti poterat un-
gues resecare ; colubra restem non parit. Glyco, Glyco
dedit suas ; itaque quamdiu vixerit, habebit stigmam,
nee illam nisi Orcus delebit. sed sibi quisque peccat.
sed subolfacio, quod nobis epulum daturus est Mammaea, 30
binos denarios mihi et meis. quod si hoc fecerit, eripiat
Norbano totum favorem. scias oportet, plenis velis hunc
vinciturum. et revera, quid ille nobis boni fecit ? dedit
20 PETRONII
gladiatores sestertiarios iam decrepitos, quos si sufflas-
35 ses, cecidissent; iam meliores bestiarios vidi. occidit
de lucerna equites, putares eos gallos gallinaceos ; alter
burdubasta ; alter loripes, tertiarius mortims pro mortuo,
qui habebat nervia praecisa. unus alicuius flaturae fuit
Thraex, qui et ipse ad dictata pugnavit. ad summam,
40 omnes postea secti sunt; adeo de magna turba "adhi-
bete " acceperant, plane f ugae merae. " munus tamen "
inquit "tibi dedi," et ego tibi plodo. computa, et tibi
46 plus do quam accepi. manus manum lavat. Videris
mihi, Agamemnon, dicere : " quid iste argutat moles-
tus ? " quia tu, qui potes loqui, non loquere. non es
nostrae fasciae, et ideo pauperorum verba derides, sci-
5 mus te prae literas fatuum esse, quid ergo est ? aliqua
die te persuadeam ut ad villam venias et videas casulas
nostras ? inveniemus quod manducemus, pullum, ova ;
belle erit, etiam si omnia hoc anno tempestas dispare
pallavit; inveniemus ergo unde saturi fiamus. et iam
10 tibi discipulus crescit cicaro mens, iam quattuor partis
dicit; si vixerit, habebis ad latus servulum. nam quic-
quid illi vacat, caput de tabula non tollit. ingeniosus
est et bono filo, etiam si in aves morbosus est. ego illi
iam tres cardeles occidi, et dixi quod mustella comedit.
15 invenit tamen alias nenias, et libentissime pingit. cete-
rum iam Graeculis calcem impingit et Latinas coepit
non male appetere, etiam si magister eius sibi placens fit
nee uno loco consistit, sed venit dem literas, sed non
vult laborare. est et alter non quidem doctus, sed curio-
20 sus, qui plus docet quam scit. itaque feriatis diebus
solet domum venire, et quicquid dederis, contentus est.
CENA TRIMALCHIOXIS. 21
emi ergo nunc puero aliquot libra rubricata, quia volo
ilium ad domusionem aliquid de iure gustare. habet
haec res panem. nam Uteris satis inquinatus est. quod
si resilierit, destinavi ilium (aliquid) artificii docere, aut 25
tonstreinum aut praeconem aut certe causidicum, quod
illi auferre non possit nisi Oreus. ideo illi cotidie
clamo; "Primigeni, crede mihi, quicquid diseis, tibi
discis. vides Phileronem causidicum : si non didicisset,
hodie famem a labris non abigeret. modo, modo collo 3u
suo circumferebat onera venalia, nunc etiam adversus
Xorbanum se extendit. literae thesaurum est, et artifi-
cium nunquam moritur."
n
Trimalchio returns to the banquet; his consideration. Three porkers
are driven in, one of which shall be served up for the banquet.
Eiusmodi fabulae vibrabant, cum Trimalchio intravit 47
et, detecsa fronte, unguento manus lavit spatioque minimo
interposito ' ignoscite mihi ' inquit ' amici, multis iam die-
bus venter mihi non respondit. nee medici se inveniunt.
profuit mihi tamen malicorium et taeda ex aceto. spero 5
tamen, iam veterem pudorem sibi imponet. alioquin
circa stomachum mihi sonat, putes taurum. itaque si
quis vestrum voluerit sua re [causa] facere, non est
quod ilium pudeatur. nemo nostrum solide natus est.
ego nullum puto tam magnum tormentum esse quam lo
continere. hoc solum vetare nee lovis potest, rides,
Fortunata, quae soles me nocte desomnem facere? nee
tamen in triclinio ullum vetuo facere quod se iuvet, et
medici vetant continere. vel si quid plus venit, omnia
foras parata sunt: aqua, lasani et cetera minutalia. ere- 15
22 PETRONII
dite mihi, anathymiasis in cerebrum it et in toto cor-
pore fluctum facit. multos scio sic periisse, dum nplunt
sibi verum dicere.' gratias agimus liberalitati indulgen-
tiaeque eius, et subinde castigamus crebris potiunculis
20 risum. nee adhuc sciebamus nos in medio lautitiarum,
qnod aiunt, clivo laborare. nam cum, mundatis ad sym-
phoniam mensis, tres albi sues in triclinium adducti sunt
capistris et tintinnabulis culti, quorum unum bimum
nomenculator esse dicebat, alterum trimum, tertium vero
25 iam sexennem, ego putabam petauristarios intrasse et
porcos, sicut in circulis mos est, portenta aliqua factu-
ros ; sed Trimalchio expectatione discussa ' quern ' inquit
' ex eis vultis in cenam statim fieri ? gallum enim galli-
naceum, penthi^cum et eiusmodi nenias rusj^ici faciunt :
30 mei coci etiam vitulos aeno coctos solent facere.' con-
tinuoque cocum vocari iussit, et non expectata electione
nostra maximum natu iussit occidi, et clara voce ' ex
quota ' inquit ' decuria es ? ' cum ille se ex quadr^ge-
sima respondissetj 'empticius an' inquit 'domi natus ? '
35 ' neutrum ' inquit cocus ' sed testamento Pansae tibi
relictus sum.' ' vide ergo ' ^it ' ut diligenter ponas ; si
non, te iubebo in decuriam viatorum conici.' et cocum
>.
quidem potentiae admouitum in culinam obsonium duxit,
Trimalchio tells of his estates; he would gladly add to what he has.
His two libraries; his hazy knowledge of their contents.
48 Trimalchio autem miti ad nos vultu respexit et ' vinum '
inquit ' si non placet, mutabo ; vos illud oportet bonum
faciatis. deorum beneficio non emo, sed nunc quicquid
ad salivam facit, in suburban o nascitur eo, quod ego
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 23
adhuc non novi. dicitur confine esse Tarraciniensibus 5
et Tarentinis. nunc coniungere agellis Siciliam volo ut,
cum African! libuerit ire, per meos fines navigem. sed
narra tu mihi, Agamemnon, quam controversiam hodie
declamasti ? ego etiam si causas non ago, in domusio-
nem tamen literas didici. et ne me putes studia fasti- lo
ditum, II bvbliothecas liabeo, imam Graecam, alteram
Latinam. die ergo, si me amas, peristasim declamatio-
nis tuae.' cum dixisset Agamemnon 'pauper et dives
inimici erant,' ait Trimalchio 'quid est pauper?' 'jir,-
bane ' inquit Agamemnon et nescio quam controversiam 15
exposuit. statim Trimalchio 'hoc' inquit 'si factum est,
controversia non est ; si factum non est, nihil est.' haec
aliaque cum effusissimis prosequeremur laudationibus,
'rogo' inquit 'Agamemnon mihi carissime, numquid duo-
decim aerumnas Herculis tenes, aut de Vlixe fabulam, 20
quemadmodum illi Cyclops pollicem porcino extorsit?
solebam haec ego puer apud Homerum legere. nam
Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in am-
pulla pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent : ^LJSvWa, tl 6e-
A.€is; respondebat ilia : diroOave^v 6eXo}.^ 25
With astonishing quickness the porker is brought in. Upon being
drawn, it discloses the side dishes of the course.
No^dum efflaverat omnia, cum repositorium cum sue 49
ing^ti mensam occupavit. mirari nos celeritatem coepi-
mus et iuyare, ne gallum quidem gallinaceum tam cito
percoqui potuisse, tanto quidem magis, quod louge maior
nobis porcus videbatur esse, quam paulo ante aper f uerat. 5
deinde magis magisque Trimalchio intuens eum 'quid?
T
rN^
>^X
24 PETRONII
quid?' inquit ^porcus hie non est exinteratus ? non
mehercules est. voca, voca cocum in medio.' cum con-
stitisset ad mensam cocus tristis et diceret se oblitum
10 esse exinterare, ' quid ? oblitus ? ' Trimalchio exclamat
' putes ilium piper et cuminum non coniecisse. despo-
lia.' non fit mora, despoliatur cocus atque inter duos
tortores maestus consistit. deprecari tamen omnes coe-
perunt et dicere ' solet fieri ; rogamus, mittas ; postea si
15 fecerit, nemo nostrum pro illo rogabit.' ego, crudelis-
simae severitatis, non potui me tenere, sed inclinatus ad
aurem Agamemnonis 'plane' inquam 'hie debel; servus
esse nequissimus ; aliquis oblivisceretur porcum exinte-
rare? non mehercules illi ignoscerem, si piscem praeteris-
20 set.' at non Trimalchio, qui relaxato in hilaritatem vultu
' ergo ' inquit ' quia tam malae memoriae es, palam nobis
ilium exintera.' recepta cocus tunica cultrum arripuit
porcique ventrem hinc atque illinc timida manu secuit.
■
nee mora, ex plagis ponderis inclinatione crescentibus
25 tomacula cum botulis effusa sunt.
The cook is rewarded with a Corinthian drinking service. Origin
of such ware. Glass is in some respects better.
50 Plausum post hoc automatum familia dedit et ' Gaio
feliciter' conclamavit. nee non cocus potione honora-
tus est et argentea corona, poculumque in lance accepit
Corinthia. quam cum Agamemnon propius consideraret,
5 ait Trimalchio ' solus sum qui vera Corinthea habeam.'
expectabam, ut pro reliqua insolentia diceret sibi vasa
Corintho afferri. sed ille melius : ' et forsitan ' inquit
'quaeris, quare solus Corinthea vera possideam: quia
CEXA TKIMALCHIONIS. 25
scilicet aeramis, a quo emp, Corinthus vocatur. quid est
autem Corintheum, nisi quis Corinthum habet? et ne lO
me putetis nesapium esse, valde bene scio, unde primum
Corinthea nata sint. cum Ilium captum est, Hannibal,
homo vafer et magnus stelio, omnes statuas aeneas et
aureas et argenteas in uniml ro^m concessit et eas in-
ceiiait; factae sunt in unum ae^ miscellanea, ita ex 15
hac massa fa<bri sustulerunt et fecerunt catilla et paropsi-
des (et) staturtcula. sic Corinthea nata sunt, ex omnibus
in unum, ne6 hoc nee illud. ignoscetis mihi, quod dixero : ^x
ego malo mihi vitrea, certe non olunt. quod si non frange-
rentur, mallem mihi quam aurum ; nunc autem vilia sunt. 20
Trimalchio's story of the inventor of malleable glass. He feels his
wine, and requests Fortunata to dance.
Fuit tamen faber qui fecit phia^lam vitream, quae 51
non frangebatur. adn^issus ergo Caesarem est cum suo
munere, deinde fecit se porrigere Caesari et illam in ^
pavimentum proiecit. Caesar non po^e valdius quam
expavit. at ille sustulit phialam de terra; collisa erat 5
tanquam vasum aeneum ; deinde martiolum de smu prgr
tulit et phialam otio belle coi^rexit. hoc facto putabat se
solium lovis tenefe, utique postquam (Caesar) illi dixit
" nuii^miid alius scit banc condituram vitreorum ? " vide ^ ^
modo. postquam negavit, iussit ' ilium Caesar decollari : lo
quia enim, si scitum esset, aurum pro luto haberemus.
in argento plane studiosus sum. habeo scyphos urnales 52
plus minus (C) quemadraodum Cassandra
occidit filios suos, et pueri mortui iacent sic ut vivere
putes. habeo capides M, quas reliquit patrono (meo)
26 PETRONII
5 Mummius, ubi Daedalus Niobam in equum
Troianum includit. nam Hermerotis pugnas et Petraitis
in poculis habeo, omnia ponderosa; meum enim intelligere
nulla pecunia vendo.'
Haec dum refert, puer calicem proiecit. ad quem respi-
10 ciens Trimalchio ' cito ' inquit ' te ipsum caede, quia nugax
es.' statim puer demisso labro orare. at ille ' quid me '
inquit 'rogas ? tanquam ego tibi molestus sim. suadeo,
a te impetres, ne sis nugax.' tandem ergo
exoratus a nobis missionem dedit puero. ille dimissus
15 circa mensam percucurrit
et ' aquam f oras, vinum intro ' clamavit excipimus
urbanitatem iocantis, et ante omnes Agamemnon, qui scie-
bat quibus meritis revocaretur ad cenam. ceterum lau-
datus Trimalchio hilarius bibit et iam ebrio proximus
20 ' nemo ' inquit ' vestrum rogat Fortunatam meam, ut
saltet? credite mihi : cordacem nemo melius ducit.'
atque ipse erectis supra frontem manibus Syrum his-
trionem exhibebat concinente tota familia 'madeia peri-
madeia.' et prodisset in medium, nisi Fortunata ad aurem
25 accessisset ; [et] credo, dixerit non decere gravitatem eius
tam humiles ineptias. nihil autem tam inaequale erat;
nam modo Fortunatam (verebatur), modo ad naturam
suam revertebatur.
Report of Trimalchio'' s accountant on a day's happenings on his
master's estates. Juggler's perform.
53 Et plane interpellavit saltationis libidinem actuarius,
qui tanquam urbis acta recitavit : ' VII. kalendas sex-
I
CEKA TRIMALCIIIONIS. 27
tiles: in praedio Cumano, quod est Trimalchionis, nati
sunt pueri XXX, puellae . XL ; sublata in horreum ex
area tritici millia modium quingenta; boves domiti 5
quingenti. eodem die : Mithridates servus in crucem
actus est, quia Gai nostri genio male dixerat. eodem
die: in arcam relatum est, quod collocari non potuit,
sestertium centies. eodem die : incendium factum est
in hortis Pompeianis, ortum ex aedibus Nastae vilici.' lO
' quid ? ' inquit Trimalchio ' quando mihi Pompeiani
horti empti sunt ? ' ' anno priore ' inquit actuarius ' et
ideo in rationem nondum venerunt.' excanduit Trimal-
chio et ' quicunque ' inquit * mihi fundi empti fuerint,
nisi intra sextum mensem sciero, in rationes meas inferri 15
vetuo.' iam etiam edicta aedilium recitabantur et sal-
tuariorum testamenta, quibus Trimalchio cum elogio
exheredabatur ; iam nomina vilicorum et repudiata a
circitore liberta in balneatoris contubernio deprehensa et
atriensis Baias relegatus ; iam reus factus dispensator et 20
indicium inter cubicularios actum.
Petauristarii autem tandem venerunt. baro insulsis-
simus cum scalis constitit puerumque iussit per gradus
et in summa parte odaria saltare, circulos deinde ardentes
transilire et dentibus amphoram sustinere. mirabatur 25
haec solus Trimalchio dicebatque ingratum artificium
esse, ceterum duo esse in rebus humanis, quae liben-
tissime spectaret, petauristarios et cornicines ; reliqua
[animalia] acroamata tricas meras esse. ' nam et comoe-
dos ' inquit 'emeram, sed malui illos Atellaniam facere, 30
et choraulen meum iussi Latine cantare.'
28 PETRONII
An accident leads to conversation on the unexpected. Trimalchio's
epigram. Puhlilius criticised.
54 Cum maxime haec dicente Gaio puer
Trimalchionis delapsus est. conclamavit familia, nee
minus convivae, non propter hominem tarn putidum,
cuius et cervices fractas libenter vidissent, sed propter
5 malum exitum cenae, ne necesse haberent alienum mor-
tuum plorare. ipse Trimalchio cum graviter ingemuisset
superque brachium tanquam laesum incubuisset, concur-
rere medici, et inter primos Fortunata crinibus passis
cum scypho, miseramque se atque infelicem proclamavit.
10 nam puer quidem, qui ceciderat, circumibat iam dudum
pedes nostros et missionem rogabat. pessime mihi erat,
ne his precibus per ridiculum aliquid catastropha quaere-
retur. nee enim adhuc exciderat cocus ille, qui oblitus
fuerat porcum exinterare. itaque totum circumspicere
15 triclinium coepi, ne per parietem automatum aliquod
exiret, utique postquam servus verberari coepit, qui
brachium domini contusum alba potius quam conchy-
liata involverat lana. nee longe aberravit suspicio mea ;
in vicem enim poenae venit decretum Trimalchionis, quo
20 puerum iussit liberum esse, ne quis posset dicere tantum
virum esse a servo vulneratum.
65 Oomprobamus nos factum et quam in prae-
cipiti res humanae essent, vario sermone garrimus. *ita'
inquit Trimalchio ' non oportet hunc casum sine inscrip-
tione transire ' statimque codicillos poposcit et non diu
5 cogitatione distorta haec recitavit :
' quod non expectes, ex transverso Jit (ubique)
{no'strd) et supra 7ios Fortuna negotia curat.
quare da nobis vina Falerna, puer.'
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 29
Ab hoc epigram mate coepit poetarum esse mentio
diuque summa carminis penes Mopsum Thracem memorata est 10
donee Trimalchio ' rogo ' inquit ' magister, quid putas inter Oice-
ronem et Publilium interesse? ego alterum puto disertiorem
fuisse, alterum honestiorem. quid enim his melius dici potest?
" luxuriae rictu Mdrtis marcent moenia.
tuo palato clausus pavo pdscitur 16
plumdto amictus aureo Babylonico,
gallina tibi Numidica, tibi gallus spado ;
ciconia etiam, grdta peregrina hospita
pietaticultrix grdcilipes crotalistria
avis exul hiemis, titulus tepidi temporis, 20
nequitiae nidum in caccabo fecit modo.
quo margaritam cdram tibi, bacam Indicam ?
an ut matrona orndta phaleris pelagiis
tolldt pedes indomita in strato extraneo ?
zmaragdum ad quam rem viridem, pretiosum vitnim ? 25
quo Oarchedonios optas ignes lapideos,
nisi tit scintillet probitas e carbunculis ?
aequum est induere nuptam ventum textilem,
paldm prostare nudam in nebula linea ? "
Why it goes hard unth doctors and money changers and sheep and
oxen. Favors are distributed.
'Quod autem' inquit 'putamus secundum literas diffi- 56
cillimum esse artificium ? ego puto medicum et num-
mularium : medicus, qui scit quid homunciones intra
praecordia sua habeant et quando febris veniat, etiam
si illos odi pessime, quod mihi iubent saepe anatinam 5
parari ; nummularius, qui per argentum aes videt. nam
30 PETRONII
mutae bestiae laboriosissimae boves et oves : boves, quo-
rum beneficio panem manducamus ; oves, quod lana illae
nos gloriosos faciunt. et f acinus indignum, aliquis ovil-
10 lam est et tunicam habet. apes enim ego divinas bestias
puto, quae mel vomunt, etiam si dicuntur illud a love
afferre ; ideo autem pungunt, quia ubicunque dulce est, ihi
et acidum invenies.'
lam etiam philosophos de negotio deiciebat, cum pitta-
15 cia in scypho circumferri coeperunt, puerque super hoc
positus officium apophoreta recitavit. 'argentum scele-
ratum ' : allata est perna, super quam acetabula erant
posita. ' cervical ' : offla collaris allata est. ' serisapia
et contumelia ' : xerophagi ex sapa dati sunt et contus
20 cum malo. ' porri et persica ' : flagellum et cultrum
accepit. ' passeres et muscarium ' : uvam passam et mel
Atticum. ' cenatoria et f orensia ' : offlam et tabulas
accepit. ' canale et pedale ' : lepus et solea est allata.
' muraena et litera ' : murem cum rana alligata f ascemque
25 betae (accepit). diu risimus; sexcenta huiusmodi fue-
runt, quae iam exciderunt memoriae meae.
Hermeros berates Ascyltus.
57 Ceterum Ascyltos, intemperantis licentiae, cum omnia
sublatis manibus eluderet et usque ad lacrimas rideret,
unus ex conlibertis Trimalchionis excanduit, is ipse qui
supra me discumbebat, et ' quid rides ' inquit ' vervex ?
5 an tibi non placent lautitiae domini mei ? tu enim bea-
tior es et convivare melius soles. ^ Jitari:ut^laBa^ huius loei
habeam propitiam, ut ego si secundum ilium discumbe-
rem, iam illi balatum cluxissem. bellum pomum, qui
CENA TRIMALCFIIONIS. 31
rideatiir alios ; larifuga nescio qiiis, nocturnus, qui non
valet lotiura suum. ad summam, si circumminxero lO
ilium, nesciet qua fugiat. non mehercules soleo cite
fervere, sed in molle came vermes nascuntur. ridet.
quid habet, quod rideat? numquid pater fetum emit
lamna? eques Romanus es : et ego regis filius. "quare
ergo servivisti ? " quia ipse me dedi in servitutem et 15
malui civis Komanus esse quam tributarius. et nunc
spero me sic vivere, ut nemini iocus sim. homo inter
homines sum, capite aperto ambulo; assem aerarium
nemini debeo ; constitutum habui nunquam ; nemo mihi
in foro dixit ''redde, quod debes." glebulas emi, lame- 20
lullas paravi ; viginti ventres pasco et canem ; contu-
bernalem meam redemi, ne quis in (sinu) illius manus
tergeret ; mille denarios pro capite solvi ; sevir gratis
factus sum; spero, sic moriar, ut mortuus non erubescam.
-/'tu autem tam laboriosus es, ut post te non respicias? in 25
alio peduclum vides, in te ricinum non vides. tibi soli
ridiclei videmur; ecce m agister tuus, homo maior natus :
placemus illi. tu lacticulosus nee mu nee ma argutas,
vasus fictilis, immo lorus in aqua, lentior, non melior. --p-
tu beatior es : bis prande, bis cena. ego fidem meam 30
malo quam thesauros. ad summam, quisquam me bis
poposcit ? annis quadraginta servivi ; nemo tamen sciit,
utrum servus essem an liber, et puer capillatus in hanc
coloniam veni ; adhuc basilica non erat facta, dedi ta-
men operam, ut domino satis facerem, homini maiiesto 35
et dignitosso, cuius pluris erat unguis quam tu totus
es. et habebam in domo, qui mihi pedem opponerent
hac iliac; tamen — genio illius gratias — enatavi. haec
32 PETRONII
sunt vera athla; nam [in] ingenimm nasci tarn facile f
40 est quam "accede istoc." quid nunc stupes tanquam j
T hircus in ervilia ? ' '
Giton meets the same punishment.
58 Post hoc dictum Giton, qui ad pedes stabat, risum iam
diu compressum etiam indecenter effudit. quod cum
animadvertisset adversarius Ascylti, flexit convicium in
puerum et ' tu autem ' inquit ^ etiam tu rides, caepa
5 cirrata? io Saturnalia, rogo, mensis december est?
quando vicesimam numerasti ? quid faciat, crucis
offla, corvorum cibaria. curabo, iam tibi lovis iratus
sit, et isti qui tibi non imperat. ita satur pane fiam,
ut ego istud conliberto meo dono; alioquin iam tibi
10 depraesentiarum reddidissem. bene nos habemus, at
isti nugae, qui tibi non imperant. plane qualis domi-
nus, talis et servus. vix me teneo, nee sum natura
caldicerebrius, (sed) cum coepi, matrem meam dupundii
non facio. recte, videbo te in publicum, mus, immo
15 terrae tuber : nee sursum nee deorsum non cresco, nisi
dominum tuum in rutae folium [non] coniecero, nee
tibi parsero, licet mehercules lovem Olympium clames.
curabo, longe tibi sit comula ista besalis et dominus
dupunduarius. recte, venies sub dentem : aut ego non
20 me novi, aut non deridebis, licet barbam auream habeas.
Athana tibi irata sit, curabo, et qui te primus Xrjpiohr}
fecit. non didici geometrias, critica et
alogias menias, sed lapidarias literas scio, partes centum
dico ad aes, ad pondus, ad nummum. ad summam, si
25 quid vis, ego et tu sponsiunculam : exi, defero lamnam.
^1
CENA TRIM ALCH IGNIS. 33
iam scies patrem tuum mercedes perdidisse, quamvis et
rhetoricam scis. ecce
''qui de nobis longe venio, late venio? solve me."
dicam tibi, qui de nobis currit et de loco non niovetur;
qui de nobis crescit et minor fit. curris, stupes, satagis, 30
tanquaui mus in matella. ergo aut tace aut melioreni noli
molestare, qui te natum non putat; nisi si me iudicas anu-
los buxeos curare, quos amicae tuae involasti. Occuponem
propitium. eamus in forum et pecunias mutuemur. iani
scies hoc ferrum fidem habere, vah, bella res est volpis 35
uda. ita lucrum faciam et ita bene moriar ut populus per
exitum meum iuret, nisi te ubique toga perversa fuero per-
secutus. bella res et iste, qui te haec docet, mufrius, non
magister. (nos alia) didicimus ; dicebat enim magister
" sunt vestra salva ? recta domum ; cave, circumspicias ; 40
cave, maiorem maledicas. (Qui illos scholasticos bene
noverit, omnes fatuos esse sciet, studia eorum) autem
mera niapalia. (Plane recte aestimanti) nemo (eorum)
dupondii evadet." ego, quod me sic vides, propter arti-
ficium meum diis gratias ago.' 45
A scene from Homer ; interpretation by the host.
Coeperat Ascyltos respondere convicio, sed Trimalchio 59
delectatus colliberti eloquentia ' agite ' inquit ' scordalias
de medio, suaviter sit potius, et tu, Hermeros, parce
adulescentulo. sanguen illi fervet, tu melior esto. sem-
per in hac re qui vincitur, vincit. et tu cum esses capo, 5
cocococo, atque cor non habebas. sinius ergo, quod me-
lius est, a primitiis hilares et Homeristas spectemus.'
intravit factio statim hastisque scuta concrepuit. ipse
34 PETRONII
Trimalchio in pulvino consedit, et cum Homeristae
10 Graecis versibus colloquerentur, ut insolenter solent,
ille canora voce Latine legebat librum. mox silentio
facto Ascitis' inquit ^quam fabulam agant? Diomedes
et Ganymedes duo fratres fuerunt. horum soror erat
Helena. Agamemnon illam rapuit et Dianae cervam
15 subiecit. ita nunc Homeros dicit, quemadmodum inter
se pugnent Troiani et Parentini. vicit scilicet et Iphi-
geniam, iiliam suam, Achilli dedit uxorem. ob earn rem
Aiax insanit et statim argumentum explicabit.' baec ut
dixit Trimalchio, clamorem Homeristae sustulerunt, in-
20 terque familiam discurrentem vitulus in lance ducenaria
elixus allatus est, et quidem galeatus. secutus est Aiax
strictoque gladio, tanquam insaniret, concidit, ac modo
versa modo supina gesticulatus, mucrone frusta collegit
mirantibusque vitulum partitus est.
A hoop hung with favors descends from the ceiling. A new and
dainty course. The Lares are brought in.
60 Nec diu mirari licuit tarn elegantes strophas; nam
repente lacunaria sonare coeperunt totumque triclinium
intremuit. consternatus ego exsurrexi et timui, ne per
tectum petauristarius aliquis descenderet. nee minus
5 reliqui convivae mirantes erexere vultus, expectantes
quid novi de caelo nuntiaretur. ecce autem diductis
lacunaribus subito circulus ingens, de cupa videlicet
grandi excussus, demittitur, cuius per totum orbem coro-
nae aureae cum alabastris unguenti pendebant. dum
10 haec apophoreta iubemur sumere, respiciens ad mensam
(rursus rem novam notavi). iam illic repositorium cum
CENA TKIMALCHIONIS. 35
placeDtis aliquot erat positura, quod medium Priapus a
pistore factus tenebat, gremioque satis amplo omnis
generis poma et uvas sustinebat more vulgato. avidius
ad pompam manus porreximus, et repente nova ludorum lo
missio liilaritatem hie refecit. omnes enim placentae
omniaque poma etiam minima vexatione contacta coepe-
runt effundere crocum, et usque ad os molestus umor
accidere. rati ergo sacrum esse fericulum tarn religioso
apparatu perfusum, consurreximus altius et 'Augusto, 20
patri patriae, feliciter' diximus. quibusdam tamen
etiam post lianc venerationem poma rapientibus et ipsi
mappas implevimus, ego praecipue, qui nullo satis amplo
munere putabam me one rare Gitonis sinum.
Inter haec tres pueri Candidas succincti tunicas in- 25
traverunt, quorum duo Lares bullatos super mensam
posuerunt, unus pateram vini circumferens ' dii propitii '
clamabat. aiebat autem unum Cerdonem, al-
terum Felicionem, tertium Lucrionem vocari. nos etiam
veram imaginem ipsius Trimalchionis, cum iam omnes 30
basiarent, erubuimus praeterire.
The werwolf.
Postquam ergo omnes bonam mentem bonamque vali- 61
tudinem sibi optarunt, Trimalchio ad Nicerotem respexit
et ' solebas ' inquit ' suanus esse in convictu ; nescio quid
nunc taces nee muttis. oro te, sic felicem me videas,
narra illud quod tibi usu venit.' Xiceros delectatus affa- 5
bilitate amici 'omne me' inquit 'lucrum transeat, nisi
iam dudum gaudimonio dissilio, quod te talem video,
itaque hilaria mera sint, etsi timeo istos scholasticos. ne
36 PETRONII
me rideant. viderint: narrabo tamen; quid enim mihi
10 aufert, qui ridet ? satius est rideri quam derideri.' haec
ubi dicta dedit, talem f abulam exorsus est :
'Cum adhuc servirem, habitabamus in vico angusto;
nunc Gavillae domus est. ibi, quomodo dii volunt,
amare coepi uxorem Terentii coponis : noveratis Melis-
15 sam Tarentinam, pulcherrimum bacciballum. sed ego
non meliercules corporaliter (illam) aut propter res vene-
rias curavi, sed magis quod bene morata fuit. si quid ab
ilia petii, nunquam mihi negatum ; fecit assem, semissem
habui ; (quicquid liabui), in illius sinum demandavi, nee
20 unquam fefellitus sum. huius contubernalis ad villam
supremum diem obiit. itaque per scutum per ocream
egi aginavi, quemadmodum ad illam pervenirem: (sci-
62 tis) autem, in angustiis amici apparent, forte dominus
Capuam exierat ad scruta scita expedienda. nactus ego
occasionem persuadeo hospitem nostrum, ut mecum ad
quintum miliarium veniat. erat autem miles, fortis
5 tanquam Orcus. apoculamus nos circa gallicinia, luna
lucebat tanquam meridie. venimus intra monimenta:
homo mens coepit ad stelas facere, sedeo ego canta-
bundus et stelas numero. delude ut respexi ad comitem,
ille exuit se et omnia vestimenta secundum viam posuit.
10 mihi anima in naso esse, stabam tanquam mortuus. at
ille circumminxit vestimenta sua et subito lupus factus
est. nolite me iocari putare ; ut mentiar, nullius patri-
monium tanti facio. sed, quod coeperam dicere, post-
quam lupus factus est, ululare coepit et in silvas fugit.
15 ego primitus nesciebam ubi essem, delude accessi, ut
vestimenta eius tollerem ; ilia autem lapidea facta sunt.
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 37
qui mori timore nisi ego ? gladium tamen strinxi et in
tota via umbras cecidi, donee ad villam amicae meae per-
venirem. ut larua intravi, paene animam ebullivi, sudor
milii per bifurcum volabat, oculi mortui, vix unquam re- 20
fectus sum. Melissa mea mirari coepit, quod tam sero
ambularem, et " si ante " inquit " venisses, saltem nobis
adiutasses ; lupus enim villam intravit et omnia pecora
(perculit), tanquam lanius sanguinem illis misit. nee
tamen derisit, etiam si fugit ; servus enim noster lancea 25
collum eias traiecit." haec ut audivi, operire oculos
amplius non potui, sed luce clara Gai nostri domum
fugi tanquam copo compilatus, et postquam veni in
ilium locum, in quo lapidea vestimenta erant facta, nihil
inveni nisi sanguinem. ut vero domum veni, iacebat 30
miles mens in lecto tanquam bovis, et collum illius
medicus curabat. intellexi ilium versipellem esse, nee
postea cum illo panem gustare potui, non si me occidis-
ses. viderint alii quid de hoc exopinissent ; ego si
mentior, genios vestros iratos habeam.' 35
Trimalckio's tale of the icitches; he becomes more quarrelsome. An
unpleasant dessert is served.
Attonitis admiratione universis ' salvo ' inquit ' tuo ser- 63
mone ' Trimalchio ' si qua fides est, ut mihi pili inhorrue-
runt, quia scio Niceronem nihil nugarum narrare : immo
certus est et minime linguosus. nam et ipse vobis rem
horribilem narrabo. asinus in tegnlis. cum adhuc capil- 5
latus essem, nam a puero vitam Chiam gessi, ipsimi nostri
delicatus decessit, mehercules margaritum, sacritus et
omnium numerum. cum ergo ilium mater misella plan-
>\
38 PETRONII
geret et nos turn plures in tristimonio essemus, subito ^j
10 strigae (stridere) coeperunt ; putares canem leporem per-
sequi. habebamus tunc hominem Cappadocem, longum,
valde audaculum et qui valebat: poterat bovem iratum
toll ere. hie audacter stricto gladio extra ostium pro-
cucurrit, involuta sinistra manu curiose, et mulierem
15 tanquam hoc loco — salvum sit, quod tango — mediam
traiecit. audimus gemitum, et — plane non mentiar —
ipsas non vidimus, baro autem noster introversus se pro-
iecit in lectum, et corpus totum lividum habebat quasi
flagellis caesus, quia scilicet ilium tetigerat mala manus.
20 nos cluso ostio redimus iterum ad officium, sed cum mater
amplexaret corpus filii sui, tangit et videt manuciolum
de stramentis factum, non cor habebat, non intestina,
non quicquam : scilicet iam puerum strigae involaverant
et supposuerant stramenticium vavatonem. rogo vos,
25 oportet credatis, sunt mulieres plussciae, sunt nocturnae,
et quod sursum est, deorsum faciunt. ceterum baro ille
longus post hoc factum nunquam coloris sui fuit, immo
post paucos dies phreneticus periit.'
64 Miramur nos et pariter credimus, osculatique mensam
rogamus Nocturnas, ut suis (sedibus) se teneant, dum
redimus a cena.
Et sane iam lucernae mihi plures videbantur ardere
6 totumque triclinium esse mutatum, cum Trimalchio ' tibi
dico ' in quit ' Plocame, nihil narras ? nihil nos delectaris ?
et solebas suavius esse, belle deverbia dicere, melica can-
turire. heu heu, abistis dulcis caricae.' Mam' inquit
ille ^quadrigae meae decucurrerunt, ex quo podagricus
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 39
factus sum. alioqiiin cmn essem adulescentulus, can- lo
tando paene tisicus factus sum. quid saltare? quid
deverbia ? quid tonstrinum ? quando parem habui nisi
unum Apelletem ? ' appositaque ad os manu nescio quid
taetrum exsibilavit, quod postea Graecum esse affirmabat.
Nee non Trimalchio ipse cum tubicines esset imita- 15
tus, ad delicias suas respexit, quem Croesum appellabat.
puer auteni lippus, sordidissimis dentibus, catellam nigram
atque indecenter pinguem prasina involvebat fascia pa-
nemque semissem ponebat super torum atque banc nausea
recusantem saginabat. quo admonitus officii Trimalchio 20
Scylacem iussit adduci ^ praesidium domus f amiliaeque.'
nee mora, ingentis formae adductus est canis catena
vinctus, admonitiisque ostiarii calce, ut cubaret, ante
mensam se posuit. turn Trimalchio iactans candidum
panem ^ nemo ' inquit ' in domo mea me plus amat.' 25
indignatus puer, quod Scylacem tam effuse laudaret, catel-
lam in terram deposuit hortatusque (est), ut ad rixam
properaret. Scylax, canino scilicet usus ingenio, taeter-
rimo latratu triclinium implevit Margaritamque Croesi
paene laceravit. nee intra rixam tumultus constitit, sed 30
candelabrum etiam super mensam eversum et vasa omnia
crystallina comminuit et oleo ferventi aliquot convivas
respersit. Trimalchio ne videretur iactura motus, basia-
vit puerum ac iussit super dorsum ascendere suum. non
moratus ille usus (est) equo manuque plena scapulas eius 3c
subinde verberavit, interque risum proclamavit : ' bucca,
bucca, quot sunt hie ? ' repressus ergo
aliquamdiu Trimalchio camellam grandem iussit misceri
(et) potiones dividi omnibus servis, qui ad pedes sedebant,
;
40 PETROXII
40 adiecta exceptione : ' si quis ' inquit ' noluerit accipere,
caput illi perfunde. interdiu severa, nunc hilaria.'
'^ Arrival of Habinnas, who has heen dining out. Fortunata enters
to gossip with Scintilla, his ici/e. They comjmre jewelry.
65 Hanc humanitatem insecutae sunt matteae, quarum
etiam recordatio me, si qua est dicenti fides, offendit.
singulae enim gallinae altiles pro turdis circumlatae sunt
et ova anserina pilleata, quae ut comessemus, ambitiosis- |
5 sime (a) nobis Trimalchio petiit dicens exossatas esse
gallinas. inter haec triclinii valvas lictor percussit,
amictusque veste alba cum ingenti frequentia comissator
intravit. ego maiestate conterritus praetorem putabam
venisse. itaque temptavi assurgere et nudos pedes in
10 terram deferre. risit hanc trepidationem Agamemnon
et ' contine te ' inquit ' homo stultissime. Habinnas se-
vir est idemque lapidarius, qui videtur monumenta optime
facere.'
E-ecreatus hoc sermone reposui cubitum, Habinnamque
15 intrantem cum admiratione ingenti spectabam. ille autem
iam ebrius uxoris suae umeris imposuerat manus, onera-
tusque aliquot coronis et unguento per frontem in oculos
fluente praetorio loco se posuit continuoque vinum et
caldam poposcit. delectatus hac Trimalchio hilaritate
20 et ipse capaciorem poposcit scyphum quaesivitque, quo-
modo acceptus esset. 'omnia' inquit Hiabuimus praeter
te ; oculi enim mei hie erant. et mehercules bene fuit.
Scissa lautum novemdiale servo suo misello faciebat,
quern mortuum manu miserat. et puto, cum vicensima-
25 riis magnam mantissam habet ; quinquaginta enim milli-
i.
CENA TRIM ALCH IGNIS. 41
bus aestimant mortuum. sed tamen suaviter fuit, etiam
si coacti sumiis dimidias potiones super ossucula eius
effundere.' 'tamen' inquit Trimalchio 'quid habuistis 66
in cena ? ' ' dicam ' inquit * si potuero ; nam tam bonae
memoriae sum, ut frequenter nomen meum obliviscar.
habuimus tamen in primo porcum botulo coronatum et
circa saviunculum et gizeria optime facta et certe betam 5
et panem autopyrum de suo sibi, quem ego malo quam
candidum; et vires facit, et cum mea re [causa] facie,
non ploro. sequens ferculum fuit scriblita frigida et
super mel caldum infusum excellente Hispanum. itaque
de scriblita quidem non minimum edi, de melle me usque 10
tetigi. circa cicer et lupinum, calvae arbitratu et mala
singula, ego tamen duo sustuli et ecce in mappa alligata
habeo ; nam si aliquid muneris meo vernulae non tulero,
habebo convicium. bene me admonet domina mea. in
prospectu habuimus ursinae frustum, de quo cum im- 15
prudens Scintilla gustasset, paene intestina sua vomuit.
ego contra plus libram comedi, nam ipsum aprum sapie-
bat. et si, inquam, ursus liomuncionem comest, quanto
magis homuncio debet ursum comesse ? in summo habui-
mus caseum mollem ex sapa et cocleas singulas et cordae 20
frusta et hepatia in catillis et ova pilleata et rapam et
senape et catillum concacatum, pax Palamedes. etiam
in alveo circumlata sunt oxycomina, unde quidam etiam
improbe ternos pugnos sustulerunt. nam pernae mis-
sionem dedimus. sed narra mihi, Gai, rogo, Fortunata 67
quare non recumbit ? ' ' quomodo nosti ' inquit ' illam '
Trimalchio, 'nisi argentum composuerit, nisi reliquias
pueris diviserit, aquam in os suum non coniciet.' ' atqui '
42 PETRONII
5 respondit Habinnas ' nisi ilia discumbit, ego me apoculo,'
et coeperat surgere, nisi signo dato Fortunata qiiater am-
plius a tota familia esset vocata. venit ergo galbino siic-
cincta cingillo, ita nt infra cerasina appareret tunica et
periscelides tortae phaecasiaeque inauratae. tunc sudario
10 manus tergens, quod in collo habebat, applicat se illi toro,
in quo Scintilla Habinnae discumbebat uxor, osculataque
plaudentem ' est te ' inquit ' videre ? '
Eo deinde perventum est, ut Fortunata armillas suas
crassissimis detraheret lacertis Scintillaeque miranti
15 ostenderet. ultimo etiam periscelides resolvit et reticu-
lum aureum, quem ex obrussa esse dicebat. notavit
haec Trimalchio iussitque afferri omnia et ' videtis '
inquit ' mulieris compedes : sic nos barcalae despolia-
mur. sex pondo et selibram debet habere, et ipse ni-
20 hilo minus babeo decern pondo armillam ex millesimis
Mercurii factam.' ultimo etiam, ne mentiri videretur,
stateram iussit afferri et circumlatum approbari pondus.
nee melior Scintilla, quae de cervice sua capsellam de-
traxit aureolam, quam Felicionem appellabat. inde duo
25 crotalia protulit et Fortunatae in vicem consideranda
dedit et ' domini ' inquit ' mei beneficio nemo habet me-
liora.' ' quid ? ' inquit Habinnas ' excatarissasti me, ut
tibi emerem fabam vitream. plane si filiam haberem,
auriculas illi praeciderem. mulieres si non essent, omnia
30 pro luto haberemus ; nunc hoc est caldum meiere et
frigidum potare.'
Interim mulieres sociae inter se riserunt ebriaeque
iunxerunt oscula, dum altera diligentiam matris familiae
II
CEXA TRIMALCHIONIS. 43
iactat, altera delicias et indiligentiam viri. dumqiie sic
cohaerent, Habinnas furtim consurrexit pedesque Fortii- 35
natae correptos super lectum immisit. ' au au ' ilia pro-
clamavit aberrante tunica super genua, composita ergo
in gremio Scintillae incensissimam rubore faciem sudario
abscondit.
Secundae mensae. Boisterous singing. Habinnas and his slave.
The din increases.
Interposito deinde spatio cum secundas mensas Tri- 68
malchio iussisset afferri, sustulerunt servi omnes mensas
et alias attulerunt, scobemque croco et minio tinctam
sparserunt et, quod nunquam ante videram, ex lapide
specular! pulverem tritum. statim Trimalchio ' poteram 5
quidem ' inquit ' hoc fericulo esse contentus ; secundas
enim mensas habetis. (sed) si quid belli babes, affer.'
Interim puer Alexandrinus, qui caldam ministrabat,
luscinias coepit iraitari clamante Trimalcbione subinde
' muta.' ecce alius Indus, servus qui ad pedes Habinnae lo
sedebat, iussus, credo, a domino suo proclamavit subito
canora voce :
' interea medium Aeneas iam classe tenebat.'
nullus sonus unquam acidior percussit aures meas ; nam
praeter errantis barbariae aut adiectum aut deminutum 15
clamorem miscebat Atellanicos versus, ut tunc primum
me etiam Vergilius offenderit. plausum tamen, cum
aliquando desisset, adiecit Habinnas et ' nunquam '
inquit ' didioit, sed ego ad circulatores eum mittendo
erudibam. itaque parem non habet, sive muliones volet 20
sive circulatores imitari. desperatum valde ingeniosus
44 PETRONII
est : idem sutor est, idem cocus, idem pistor, omnis
musae mancipium. duo tamen vitia habet, quae si non
haberet, esset omnium numerum : recutitus est et stertit.
nam quod strabonus est, non euro ; sicut Venus spectat.
69 ideo nihil tacet, vix oculo mortuo unquam. ilium emi
trecentis denariis.' interpellavit loquentem Scintilla et
' plane ' inquit ' non omnia artificia servi nequam narras.
agaga est; at curabo stigmam habeat.' risit Trimalchio
5 et ' adcognosco ' inquit ' Cappadocem : nihil sibi defraudit.
et mehercules laudo ilium ; hoc enim nemo parentat. tu
autem, Scintilla, noli zelotypa esse, crede mihi, et vos
novimus. sic me salvum habeatis, ut ego sic solebam
ipsumam meam debattuere, ut et;am dominus suspicare-
10 tur ; et ideo me in vilicationem relegavit. sed tace, lingua,
dabo panem.' tanquam laudatus esset nequissimus ser-
vus, lucernam de sinu fictilem protulit et amplius semihora
tubicines imitatus est succinente Habinna et inferius la-
brum manu deprimente. ultimo etiam in medium proces-
15 sit et modo harundinibus quassis choraulas imitatus est,
modo lacernatus cum flagello mulionum fata egit, donee
vocatum ad se Habinnas basiavit, potionemque illi por-
rexit et ' tanto melior ' inquit ' Massa, dono tibi caligas.'
The arrival of the epidipnis restores order; a piece de resistance
prepared by the cook Daedalus. Curious way of serving oysters.
Some disgusting economy. The hostess is inclined to dance, hut
slaves crowd into the room, and the noisome cook makes himself
too familiar.
Nec ullus tot malorum finis fuisset, nisi epidipnis esset
20 allata ; turdi siliginei uvis passis nucibusque farsi. inse-
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 45
ciita sunt Cytlonia etiam mala spinis confixa, ut echinos
efficerent. et liaec quidem tolerabilia eraiit, si iion fericu-
luin loiige monstrosius effecisset, ut vel fame i)erire mal-
lemus. nam cum positus esset, ut nos putabamus, anser
altilis circaque pisces et omnia genera avium, (* amici ') 25
inquit Trimalchio * quicquid videtis hie positum, de uno
corpore est factum.' ego, scilicet homo prudentissimus,
statim intellexi quid esset, et respiciens Agamemnonem
^mirabor' inquam 'nisi omnia ista de (fimo) facta sunt
aut certe de luto. vidi Romae Saturnalibus eiusmodi
cenarum imaginem fieri.' necdum finieram sermonem, 70
cum Trimalchio ait ' ita crescam patrimonio, non cor-
pore, ut ista cocus mens de porco fecit, non potest esse
pretiosior homo, volueris, de vulva faciet piscem, de
lardo palumbum, de perna turturem, de colaepio gallinam 5
et ideo ingenio meo impositum est illi nomen bellissimum ;
nam Daedalus vocatur. et quia bonam mentem habet,
attuli illi Roma munus cultros Norico ferro.' quos sta-
tim iussit afferri inspectosque miratus est. et nobis
potestatem fecit, ut mucronem ad buccam probaremus. 10
Subito intraverunt duo servi, tanquam qui rixam ad
lacum fecissent ; certe in collo adhuc amphoras habebant.
cum ergo Trimalchio ius inter litigantes diceret, neuter
sententiam tulit decernentis, sed alterius amphoram fuste
percussit. consternati nos insolentia ebriorum intentavi- 15
mus oculos in proeliantes notavimusque ostrea pectinesque
e gastris labentia, quae collecta puer lance circumtulit.
has lautitias aequavit ingeniosus cocus ; in craticula enim
argentea cochleas attulit et tremula taeterrimaque voce
cantavit. 20
46 PETRONII
Pudet referre quae secuntur ; inaudito enim more pueri
capillati attulerunt unguentum in argentea pelve pedesque
recumbentium unxerunt, cum ante crura talosque corollis
vinxissent. hinc ex eodem unguento in vinarium atque
25 lucernam aliquantum est infusum.
lam coeperat Fortunata velle saltare, iam Scintilla fre-
quentius plaudebat quam loquebatur, cum Trimalchio
' permitto ' inquit ' Philargyre et Cario, etsi prasinianus
es famosus, die et Menophilae, contubernali tuae, discum-
30 bat.' quid multa ? paene de lectis deiecti sumus, adeo
totum triclinium familia occupaverat. certe ego notavi
super me positum cocum, qui de porco anserem fecerat,
muria condimentisque fetentem. nee contentus fuit re-
cumbere, sed continuo Ephesum tragoedum coepit imitari
35 et subinde dominum suuni sponsione provocare ' si prasi-
nus proximis circensibus primam palm am.'
Reading of Trimalcliio' s ivill ; his funeral directions ; weeping.
A hath is proposed.
71 Diffusus hac contentione Trimalchio 'amici' inquit 'et
servi homines sunt et aeque unum lactem biberunt, etiam
si illos malus fatus oppressit. tamen me salvo cito aquam
liberam gustabunt. ad summam, omnes illos in testamento
5 meo manumitto. Philargyro etiam fundum lego et con-
tubernalem suam, Carioni quoque insulam et vicesimam
et lectum stratum. nam Fortunatam meam heredem
facio, et commendo ill am omnibus amicis meis. et haec
ideo omnia publico, ut familia mea iam nunc sic me amet
10 tanquam mortuum.' gratias agere omnes indulgentiae
coeperant domini, cum ille oblitus nugarum exemplar
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 47
testamenti iussit afferri et totiim a primo ad ultinium
ingemescente familia recitavit. respiciens deinde Ha-
binnam ' quid dicis ' inquit ' amice carissime ? aedificas
monumentum meiim, quemadmodum te iussi ? valde te 15
rogo, lit secundum pedes statuae meae catellam ponas et
coronas et unguenta et Petraitis oranes pugnas, ut mihi
contingat tuo beneficio post mortem vivere ; praeterea
ut sint in fronte pedes centum, in agrum pedes ducenti.
omne genus enim poma volo sint circa cineres meos, et 20
vinearum largiter. valde enim falsum est vivo quidem
domos cultas esse, non curari eas, ubi diutius nobis habi-
tandum est. et ideo ante omnia adici volo : hoc moxvmen-
TVM HEREDEM Nox SEQVTTVR. cctcrum crit mihi curae,
ut testamento caveam, ne mortuus iniuriam accipiam. 25
praeponam enim unum ex libertis sepulcro meo custodiae
causa, ne in monumentum meum populus cacatum currat.
te rogo, ut naves etiam (in lateribus) monumenti mei
facias plenis velis euntes, et me in tribunali sedentem
praetextatum cum anulis aureis quinque et nummos in 30
publico de sacculo effundentem ; scis enim, quod epulum
dedi binos denarios. f aciantur, si tibi videtur, et triclinia,
facias et totum populum sibi suaviter facientem. ad dex-
teram meam ponas statuam Fortunatae meae columbam
tenentem : et catellam cingulo alligatam ducat : et cica- 35
ronem meum, et amphoras copiosas gypsatas, ne effluant
vinum. et urnam licet fractam sculpas, et super earn
puerum plorantem. horologium in medio, ut quisquis
horas inspiciet, velit nolit, nomen meum legat. inscriptio
quoque vide diligenter si haec satis idonea tibi vide- 40
tur : c. POMPEivs trimalchio maecexatiaxvs hic re-
«p
\
48 PETROXII
QVIESCIT. HVIC SEVIRATVS ABSENT! DECRETVS EST. CVM
POSSET IN OMNIBVS DECVRIIS ROMAE ESSE, TAMEN NOLVIT.
PIVS, FORTISj FIDELIS, EX PARVO CREVIT, SESTERTIVM RE-
45 LIQVIT TRECENTIES, NEC VNQVAM PHILOSOPHVM AVDIVIT.
VALE : ET TV.'
72 Haec ut dixit Trimalchio, flere coepit ubertim. flebat
et Fortunata, flebat et Habinnas, tota deniqiie familia,
tanquam in fnnus rogata, lamentatione triclininm. imple-
vit. immo iam coeperam etiam ego plorare, cum Tri-
5 malchio ' ergo ' inquit ' cum sciamus nos morituros esse,
quare non vivamus? sic vos felices videam, coniciamus
nos in balneum, meo periculo, non paenitebit. sic calet
tanquam furnus.' ' vero, vero ' inquit Habinnas ' de una
die duas facere, nihil malo ' nudisque consurrexit pedibus
10 et Trimalchionem plaudentem subsequi (coepit). j
Encolpius tries to escape, hut is forced to return and Join the guests
at the bath.
Ego respiciens ad Ascylton ' quid cogitas ? ' inquam ' ego
enim si videro balneum, statim expirabo.' 'assectemur'
ait ille ' et dum illi balneum petunt, nos in turba exeamus.'
cum haec placuissent, dncente per porticum Gitone ad
15 ianuam venimus, ubi canis catenarius tanto nos tumultu
excepit, ut Ascjdtos etiam in piscinam ceciderit. nee
non ego quoque ebrius, qui etiam pictum timueram
canem, dum natanti- opem fero, in eundem gurgitem
tractus sum. servavit nos tamen atriensis, qui inter-
20 ventu suo et canem placavit et nos trementes extraxit in
siccum. et Giton quidem iam dudum se ratione acutis-
sima redemerat a cane j quicquid enim a nobis acceperat
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 49
de cena, latranti sparserat ; ita ille avocatus cibo f urorera
suppresserat. ceterum cum algentes udique petissemus
ab atriense, ut uus extra iaiiuam emitteret, ' erras ' inquit 25
' si putas te exire hac posse, qua venisti. nemo uiiquam
convivarum per eandem iamiam emissus est ; alia intrant,
alia exeunt.' quid faciamus homines miserrirai et novi 73
generis labyrintlio inclusi, quibus lavari iam coeperat
votum esse ? ultro ergo rogavimus, ut nos ad balneum
duceret, proiectisque vestimentis, quae Giton in aditu
siccare coepit, balneum intravimus, angustum scilicet et 5
cisternae frigidariae simile, in quo Trimalchio rectus
stabat. ac ne sic quidem putidissimam eius iactationem
licuit effugere ; nam nihil melius esse dicebat, quam sine
turba lavari, et eo ipso loco aliquando pistrinum fuisse.
deinde ut lassatus consedit, invitatus balnei sono diduxit lo
usque ad cameram os ebrium et coepit Menecratis cantica
lacerare, sicut illi dicebant, qui linguam eius intellege-
bant. ceteri convivae circa labrum manibus nexis cur-
rebant et gingilipho ingenti clamore sonabant. alii autem
[aut] restrictis manibus anulos de pavimento conabantur 15
tollere aut posito genu cervices post terga flectere et pe-
dum extremos pollices tangere. nos, dura alii sibi ludos
faciunt, in solium, quod Trimalchioni temperabatur, de-
scendimus.
The crowing of a cock creates terror. Domestic unpleasantness
between host and hostess.
Ergo ebrietate discussa in aliud triclinium deducti 20
sumus, ubi Fortunata disposuerat lautitias [suas] ita ut
supra lucernas aeneolosque piscatores notaverim et
50 PETRONII
mensas totas argenteas calicesque circa fictiles inauratos
et vinum in conspectu sacco defluens. turn Trimalchio
25 ^ amici ' inquit ' hodie servus meus barbatoriam fecit,
homo praefiscini frugi et micarius. itaque tengomenas
74 faciamus et usque in lucem cenemus.' haec dicente eo
gallus gallinaceus cantavit. qua voce confusus Trimal-
chio vinum sub mensa iussit effundi lucernamque etiam
mero spargi. immo anulum traiecit in dexteram manum
5 et 'non sine causa' inquit 'hie bucinus signum dedit;
nam aut incendium oportet fiat, aut aliqiiis in vicinia
animam abiciet. loDge a nobis, itaque quisquis hunc
indicem attulerit, corollarium accipiet.' dicto citius de
vicinia gallus allatus est, quem Trimalchio (occidi) ius-
10 sit, ut aeno coctus fieret. laceratus igitur ab illo doc-
tissimo coco, qui paulo ante de porco aves piscesque
fecerat, in caccabum est coniectus. dumque Daedalus
potionem ferventissimam haurit, Fortunata mola buxea
piper trivit.
15 Sumptis igitur matteis respiciens ad familiam Trimal-
chio '' quid, vos ' inquit ' adhuc non cenastis ? abite, ut
alii veniant ad officium.' subiit igitur alia classis, et illi
quidem exclamavere ' vale Gai ' ; hi autem ' ave Gai.'
hinc primum hilaritas nostra turbata est ; nam cum puer
20 non inspeciosus inter novos intrasset ministros, invasit
eum Trimalchio et osculari diutius coepit. itaque For-
tunata, ut ex aequo ius firmum approbaret, male dicere
Trimalchioni coepit et purgamentum dedecusque praedi-
care, qui non contineret libidinem suam. ultimo etiam
25 adiecit ' canis.' Trimalchio contra offensus convicio
calicem in faciem Fortunatae immisit. ilia tanquam
I
I
CENA TlilMALCHlONlS. 51
oculum perdidisset, exclainavit manusqiie trementes ad
f aciem suaiu admovit. ^ consternata est etiam Scintilla
trepidan tern que sinii suo texit. immo puer quoque offi-
ciosus urceolum frigidum ad malam eius admovit, super 30
quern incumbens Fortuuata gemere ac flere coepit. con-
tra Trimalchio ' quid enim ? ' inquit ' ambubaia non
meminit, sed de macliina illam sustuli, hominem inter
homines feci, at inflat se tanquam rana, et in sinum
suum non spuit, codex, non mulierrf sed hie, qui in per- 35
gula natus est, aedes non somniatur. ita genium meum
propitiuni habeam, curabo, domata sit Cassandra cali-
garia. et ego, homo dipundiarius, sestertium centies
accipere potui. scis tu me non mentiri. Agatho, un-
guentarius herae proximae, seduxit me et '"suadeo" 40
inquit " non patiaris genus tuum interire."-^ at ego dum
bonatus ago et nolo videri levis, ipse mihi asciam in
crus impegi. recte, curabo, me unguibus quaeras. et ut
depraesentiarum intelligas, quid tibi feceris : Habinna,
nolo, statuam eius in monumento meo ponas, ne mortuus 45
quidem lites habeam. immo, ut sciat me posse malum
dare, nolo me mortuum basiet.' JIl^
Trimalchio reviews his past career and successful money ventures;
he contemplates that in the end he must die; he calls for his
funeral robes.
-T Post hoc fulmen Habinnas rogare coepit, ut iam desi- 75
neret irasci et 'nemo^ inquit 'nostrum non pyeccat. homi-
nes sumus non c?e?'.'— -idem et Scintilla flens dixit ac per
genium eius, Gaium appellando, rogare coepit, ut se
frangeret. — non tenuit ultra lacrimas Trimalchio et 5
52 PETRONII
* rogo ' inquit ' Habinna, sic peculium tuum fruniscaris :
si quid perperam feci, in faciem meam inspue.- puerum
basiavi frugalissimum, non propter formam, sed quia
frugi est : decern partes dicit, librum ab oculo legit,
10 thraecium sibi de diariis fecit, archisellium de suo para-
vit et duas truUas. non est dignus quern in oculis
feram ? sed Fortunata vetat. / ita tibi videtur, fulci-
pedia? suadeo, bonum tuum concoquas, milva, et me
non facias ringentem, araasiuncula; alioquin experieris
15 cerebrum meum. nosti me : quod semel destinavi, clavo
tabulari fixum est. sed vivorum meminerimus. vos
rogo, amici, ut vobis suaviter sit. nam ego quoque tarn
f ui quam vos estis, sed virtute mea ad hoc perveni. " cor-
cillum est quod homines facit, cetera quisquilia omnia.
20 " bene emo, bene vendo " ; alius alia vobis dicet. felici-
tate dissilio. tu autem, sterteia, etiamnum ploras ? iam
curabo fatum tuum plores. sed, ut coeperam dicere, ad
hanc me fortunam frugalitas mea perduxit. tam magnus
ex Asia veni, quam hie candelabrus est. ad summam,
25 quotidie me solebam ad ilium metiri, et ut celerius
rostrum barbatum haberem, labra de lucerna ungebam.^
tamen ad delicias [femina] ipsimi [domini] annos quat-
tuordecim fui. nee turpe est, qnod dominus iubet. ego
tamen et ipsimae [dominae] satis faciebam. scitis, quid
76 dicam : taceo, quia non sum de gloriosis-'Qceterum, quem-
admodum di volunt, dominus in domo factus sum, et ecce
cepi ipsimi cerebellum, quid multa ? coheredem me
Caesari fecit, et accepi patrimonium laticlavium. nemini
5 tamen nihil satis est. concupivi negotiari. ne multis
vos morer, quinque naves aedificavi, oneravi vinum — et
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 53
tunc erat contra aurum — niisi Romam. piitares me hoc
iussisse: omnes naves naiif ragarunt ; factum, n on fabula.
uno die Xeptunus trecenties sestertium devoravit. puta-
tis me defecisse ? non mehercules mi haec iactura gusti 10
fuitr, tanquam nihil facti. alteras feci raaiores et melio-
res et feliciores, ut nemo non me virum fortem diceret.
scitis, magna navis magnam fortitudinem habet. oneravi
rursus vinum, lardum, fabam, seplasium, mancipia. hoc
loco Fortunata rem piam fecit ; omne enim aurum suum, 15
omnia vestimenta vendidit et mi centum aureos in manu
posuit. hoc fuit peculii mei fermentum. cito fit, quod
di volunt. uno cursu centies sestertium corrotundavi. ^J-
statim redemi fundos omnes, qui patroni mei fuerant.
aedifico domum, venalicia coemo iumenta ; quicquid tan- 20
gebam, crescebat tanquam favus. postquam coepi plus
habere, quam tota patria mea habet, manum de tabula :
sustuli me de negotiatione et coepi libertos faenerare.
et sane nolentem me negotium meum agere exhortavit
mathematicus, qui venerat forte in coloniam nostram, 25
Graeculio, Serapa nomine, consiliator deorum. hie mihi
dixit etiam ea, quae oblitus eram ; ab acia et acu mi
omnia exposuit; intestinas meas noverat, tantum quod
mihi non dixerat, quid pridie cenaveram. putasses ilium
semper mecum habitasse. rogo, Habinna — puto, inter- 77
fuisti — : "tu dominam tuam de rebus illis fecisti. tu
parum felix in amicos es. nemo unquam tibi parem gra-
tiam refert. tu latifundia possides. tu viperam sub
ila nutricas " et, quod vobis non dixerim, et nunc mi 5
restare vitae annos triginta et menses quattuor et dies
duos, praeterea cito accipiam hereditatem. hoc mihi
54 PETRONII
dicit fatus meus. quod si contigerit fundos Apuliae
iungere, satis vivus pervenero. "/linterim dum Mercurius
10 vigilat, aedificavi hanc domum. ut scitis, casiila erat;
nunc templum est. habet quattuor cenationes, cubicula
viginti, porticus marmoratos duos, susum cenationem,
cubiculum in quo ipse dormio, viperae huius sessorium,
ostiarii cellam perbonam ; hospitium hospites capit. ad
15 summaui, Scaurus cum hue venit, nusquam mavoluit hos-
pitari, et habet ad mare paternum hospitium. et multa
alia sunt, quae statim vobis ostendam. credite mihi :
assem habeas, assem valeas ; habes, habeberis. sic ami-
cus vester, qui fuit rana, nunc est rex. -^'interim, Stiche,
20 prefer vitalia, in quibus volo me efferri. profer et
unguentum et ex ilia amphora gustum, ex qua iubeo
lavari ossa mea.'
The mock funeral ends in an invasion hy the fire department.
Encolpius and his friends fee; thus the description of the
Banquet comes to an end.
78 Non est moratus Stichus, sed et stragulam albam et
praetextam in triclinium attulit
iussitque nos temptare, an bonis lanis essent confecta.
tum subridens ' vide tu ' inquit '■ Stiche, ne ista mures
tangant aut tineae ; alioquin te vivum comburam. ego
gloriosus volo efferri, ut totus mihi populus bene impre-
cetur.' statim ampullam nardi aperuit omnesque nos
unxit et ' spero ' inquit ^ futurum ut aeque me niortuum
iuvet tanquam vivum.' nam vinum quidem in vinarium
10 iussit infundi et 'putate vos' ait 'ad parentalia mea invi-
tatos esse.'
CENA TRIMALCHIOXIS. 00
Ibat res ad simimam nauseam, emu Trimalchio ebrie-
tate turpissima gravis novum acroama, cornicines, in
triclinium iussit adduci, fultusque cervicalibus mult is
extendit se super toruiu extremum et ' tingite me ' inquit 15
' mortuum esse, dicite aliquid belli,' consonuere corni-
cines funebri strepitu. unus praecipue servus libitinarii
illius, qui inter hos honestissimus erat, tam valde into-
nuit, ut totam concitaret viciniam. itaque vigiles, qui
custodiebant vicinam regionem, rati ardere Trimalchionis 20
domum, effregerunt ianuam subito et cum aqua securi-
busque tumultuari suo iure coepenmt. nos occasionem
opportunissimam nacti Agamemnoni verba dedimus rap-
timque tam plane quam ex incendio fugimus.
ABBREVIATIONS
Most of the abbreviations used in the Notes will be
understood by referring to pages xliv-xlvi of the Intro-
duction. The following may need explanation : —
C.G.L. = Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum.
C.I.L = Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum.
Archiv = Archiv fiir Lateinische Lexicographie.
Friedl. Sitteng. is explained under B in the Introduction, p. xliv.
Baumeister = Baumeister's Denkmaler der Klassischen Altertums-
wissenschaft.
NOTES.
26. Venerat iam tertius dies : the Trau manuscript alone
contains the opening lines of the Cena ; it plunges at once
in medias res. Possibly we have here the opening of the
fifteenth book of the original ; hence the abruptness. Cf.
Introd. p. xviii. If we had the concluding portion of the pre-
ceding book, the allusions in tertius dies, tot vulnerihus, prae-
sentem procellam, might be clear. — liberae cenae : commonly
the dinner served to gladiators on the day before their con-
tests in the arena (Friedl. Sitteng. ii. p. 385) ; here simply Tri-
malchio's 'free spread,' to which the rhetorician Agamemnon has
been asked, with his pupils, Ascyltus and Encolpius. They sit
near one another; cf. 49, 16, inclinatus ad aurem Agamemnonis ;
65, 10, visit hanc trepidationem ; 72, 11, ego respiciens ad Ascylton.
— id est expectatio liberae cenae: these words are out of
place. Possibly the fifteenth book was headed, ' Expectatio Libe-
rae Cenae,' and the title has been incorporated into the text
by the epitomator by means of id est. — quonam genere =
quo modo : so in the younger Seneca, whose Latinity at times
strikingly resembles that of Petronius ; cf. De Benefciis, ii. 10,
2, sed, .si quo genere accipienti maxime profuturum erit, dabis, con-
tentus eris te teste ; so in the plural, Epist. Mor. 95, 29, armare se
coepit multis generibus. — unus servus : 'a slave'; but in 78,
17, unus praecipue servus, 'one slave in particular.* As early as
Plautus, unus was used in the sense of an emphatic ' any,' ein
beliebiger, ct? ti? ; cf. Wagner, Plant. Aulul. 563, note; Ter.
Andria, lis ; so Cic. Ad Att. ix. 10, 2, me haec res torquet quod
Pompeium tamquam unus manipulus secutus sim ; cf. De Orat. i.
57
58 NOTES. CHAP. 26, LINES 5-11.
29, 132, with Wilkiiis's note ; also Catullus, 22, 10, unus capri-
mulgus, ' an absolute bumpkin.' In these passages unus = qui-
vis, quilibet unus, an emphatic * any.' — vos nescitis : the
pronoun seems redundant ; ego and tu are often so used in
Petr. ; Introd. p. xxxvi; cf. Landgraf, Cic. Pj'o Sex. Rose. p. 131.
— apud quem fiat: 'where the cooking's to be.' — Trimalchio
lautissimus homo : Malchio is translated, in the Glossarium
Philoxeni (Co7'p. Gloss. Lat. 11. 126, 27), by arjSrjs, 'unpleasant';
thus Trimalchio = rpU dryST/s. The gloss is supported by Mar-
tial, iii. 82, 32, has malchionis patimur improhi fastus. Malchio
also occurs as a cognomen in inscriptions from Cumae, Rome,
Verona ; Nettleship, Contributions to Lat. Lex. p. 552. On the
force of the prefix tri-, cf. trifur, trifurcifer, triparcus, trivenejica ;
so in Greek, TpcKv/xLa, ' a huge wave,' Tptop^r]^, TpiTrdXai, rpt-
TraAro?. — buoinatorem subornatum : possibly he blew his
trumpet every hour. We read of such bucinatores in Juv. 10, 216,
quot nuntiet horas ; Mart. viii. 67, 1, horas quinque puer nondum
tibi nuntiat. — quantum de vita : ' how the time has flown ' ;
Trim, was not lugubrious, but strenuous and methodical. —
usque hoc: for hue usque, a strong aclhuc; hoc is the old and
popular form of hue. In his letters, Cic. adheres to the form
hue, while hoe occurs in those of his friends. — in balnea sequi :
possibly some of the original description by Petr. has been
omitted after these words. Encolpius and his friends had
dressed, not for the banquet, but in order to go out. Having
the usual preliminary bath in mind, they request Giton to
attend as pedisequus ; but arriving at the baths, they are lost
in the crowds or find themselves ahead of time (which facts
are omitted in this abbreviated account), and they proceed to
kill time (interim) by strolling about, joking, and watching the
games which are going on. Whether the account has been
abbreviated after errare coepimus depends upon how much was
probably omitted after balnea sequi. The sport described in
this chapter takes place in the large room called the sphaeri-
sterium. Cf. Marquardt, Privatleben der Romer, p. 281.
NOTES. CHAP. 27, LINES 1-15. 59
27. errare coepimus : cf. Introd. p. xl. — pueros capilatos :
members of the (jrcx capillatus ; cf. Mart. ii. 57, 5. They were
youths whose services were light and required grace ; cf. 70, 21.
They were selected for their beauty, their long hair being an
important element. A conlihertus of Trimalchio says of him-
self, 57, .33, puer capillatus in hanc coloniam veni. Another in
anger calls the boy attendant of Encolpius, 58. 4, caepa cirrata,
* you frizzled onion,' and threatens iam curaho longe tibi sit
comula ista besalis, 'I'll see to it that those little curls do you
small good.' — notavimus : Introd. p. xl. So Mart. ii. 71, 1,
Candidius nihil est te, Caeciliane ; notavi , cf. the phrase nota
bene. — matellam argenteam : an example of Trim.'s lau-
titia, with which cf. his private horologium and bucinator,
just mentioned. Social conditions in Nero's time had many
modern features, particularly in the rise of the parvenu and
the ostentation of the nouveau riche. Ordinarily the matella
was made of bronze or clay ; Mart, alludes to a very elaborate
one in Epigram, xi. 11. 6, Te potare decet gemma, qui Mentora
frangis \ in scapkium moechae, Sardanapalle, tuae. — alter nu-
merabat pilas : Trim, plays the game like any rich man, con-
tenting himself with simply sending the balls for others to
catch on the bound ; commonly the successful catches were
counted, but here the failures were scored and the dead
balls were left to lie where they fell. Cf. Marq. Privatl.
p. 841 ff. — Menelaus : mentioned only here in the Cena: he
is an instructor who assists Agamemnon. — cubitum pone-
tis : 'dine'; cf. reclinatus in cubitum, 39, 4; reposui cubitum,
65, 14. Many ancient monuments show the Roman resting
his left arm upon a pulvinus while reclining at dinner. Cf
Marq. Privatl. p. 303. — principium cenae : Friedlander sug-
gests that Trim, probably partook of a light lunch here,
and that this explains why he appeared at table after the
eating had begun. That lunches were sold at the baths is
shown by Mart. xii. 19, In thermis sumit lactucas ova lacertum
Aemilius ; Sen. Ep. .56, 2, complains of the cries of the cake
and sausage venders. Exercise was, however, practically a
60 NOTES. CHAP. 28, LINES 1-20.
part of the dinner; cf. Hor. Sat. i. 6, where Maecenas and
his friends play ball before dining.
28. Longum erat singula excipere : ' it would be a long
task ' (but I do not) ; cf. Gildersleeve-Lodge, 254, 2. Singula
refers to their presentation to Trim., and the exchange of greet-
ings ; scarcely to such excitement in and about the baths as Sen. ;
describes, Ep. 56. 2. — calfacti momento . . . frigidam exi- J ^
mus : on calfacti, cf. In trod. p. xxxiii, B, 1. The suddenness of the
change from hot to cold is mentioned on account of its unusual-
ness ; there seems to have been no tepidarium. Cf. the account
of the Stabian Baths, Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, p. 184. — iatra- !
liptae : not unlike the masseurs of modern sanatoriums. The
word occurs in some superscriptions to Horace, Odes, ii. 4 ; but
this is its first appearance in the literature. Cf. Friedl. Sitteng.
ii. p. 487. — hoc suum propinasse : Trim, protests that this
is his precious Falernian that they had spilled ; they were not
to make so free with what belonged to him. With all his
wealth, Trim, can be close; cf 34, init. — cursoribus phale-
ratis : note the evidences here of the host's lautitia : in using
liveried runners he imitates Nero, of whom Suet, says {Nero,
c. 30) that he travelled armillata falerataque Mazacum turha atque
cursorum. — chiramaxio : on Greek words in Petr., cf. Introd.
p. xxxiv, and Index, Greek Words. — symphoniacus cum . . .
tibiis : there is much music during the dinner ; cf. 31, 11 ; so 32,
1 ; 33, 12; cf. Index, under Symphonia. — libellus erat cum in-
scriptione : Trim.'s establishment was so large that system was
necessary. The Roman house was a machine in which all the
powers of body and mind possessed by the slaves and freedmen
were for the use of the master ; Friedl. Sitteng. iii. 137, Sklaven-
luxus. — pica varia salutabat : magpies, jays, and parrots were
pet birds ; the Romans were fond of their chattering ; cf Mart,
xiv. 76, Pica loquax certa dominum te voce saluto ; vii. 87, 6, Pica
salutatrix si tibi, Lause, placet. Crows and parrots were taught
to say, " have,'* or " have, Caesar " ; Mart. iii. 95, 1 ; xiv. 73. On
NOTES. CHAP. 29, LINES 1-7. Gl
talking parrots and magpies, cf. Jahn, Persius, Prol. 8. In iii. 60,
Mart, complains that, when he dines out, he gets no fat bird
when the game is served ; ponitur in cavea mortua pica mihi.
The pica is varia on account of its long spotted tail ; Plin. N.H.
X. 29, 41.
29. Ceterum = sed. It is so used by Petr. when he departs
from the general thread to less important but humorous par-
ticulars, especially where there is a change of persons, as 52, 18 ;
57, 1. Conversely, it may be used where, after a digression, he re-
turns to the original thread of the story. — dum omnia stupeo :
Petr. uses dum throughout with either the pres. or impf. ind.,
and with a temporal or causal sense. Stupeo is trans., as" in Yal.
Flacc. i. 149 ; so often in verse ; so again in Petr. 137, haec me
stupente ; in 58, 30, it is intr. — cave canem : see Mau-Kelsey,
p. 309, on the famous canis catenarius in mosaics found in the
floor of the House of the Tragic Poet at Pompeii ; here the dog
is painted on the wall ad sinistram intrantibus. The letters in
which the warning was painted are quadratae, or ' hewn letters,'
i.e., letters used in inscriptions on saxa quadrata ; these of course
would be capitals. In 72, 15, the Ostiarius has a real dog, canis
catenarius {ingentis formae catena vinct us, 64, 22). — totum pa-
rietem persequi : Encolpius is now in the large porticus (cf.
1. 11, in deficiente vero iam porticu). In houses of men of ordi-
nary wealth the vestibule, or fauces, opened into the atrium ;
see, e.g., Mau-Kelsey, pp. 308, 316. Trim, has by no means a
small establishment. This porticus is not only large enough to
give full scope for his amour-propre in its extensive mural paint-
ings, but makes a training ground for a grex cursorum ; 29, 15. —
venalicium cum titulis : the first of a series of pictures illus-
trating the Rise of Trimalcliio ; here he stands for sale in a
sla\'e market, a little long-haired fellow, of whom the full-grown
man says, 76, 23, tarn magnus ex Asia veni quam hie candelahrus
est. He carries the emblem of the patron god of the business
62 NOTES. CHAP. 29, LINES 9-17.
Ji!'
man, since, thanks to Minerva who had given him wit, he had
' coined money ' and won his freedom. The Tituli are the
names appended to the different figures in the pictures, as on
Greek vases ; cf. Roscher, Mythol. Lex. i. p. 1174, or the illus-
trations in Miss Harrison's Myths of the Odyssey. — denique
dispensator : the epitomator gives the first few and the last of
the pictures on the side panels, i.e., on the wall parallel with the
street. These represented Trim, the slave, the office of dispen-
sator being the highest to which he could rise. To the far right
or left of the company as they entered, i.e., on the wall at right
angles with the street, are scenes from the life of Trim, the
freedman. — in tribunal excelsum : this was his proudest
moment ; his wealth had given him a civil office. The scene
is to be engraved on his tomb ; cf. 71, 29. It is a shrewd
symbolism, which ascribes the elevation of his chin to Mer-
cury's hand placed beneath it ; in 43, 12, one of the guests says of
another freedman, et quod illius mentum sustulit, hereditatem acce-
pit. The action in the picture is expressed by both the verb
and its tense. — Fortuna : often seen with horn of plenty on
coins; cf. Roscher, i. 1504 ff. ; Friedl. Sitteng. iii. 224. — aurea
pensa torquentes : Seneca, Apocolocyntosis, 4, 3-7, describes
the Fates similarly deciding the career of Nero :
at Lachesis ... i
Candida de niveo subtemina vellere sumit \
i
felici moderanda manu, quae ducta colorem j
assumpsere novum, mirantur pensa sorores : j|
mutatur vilis pretioso lajia metallo, I
aurea formoso descendunt saecula filo.
nee modus est illis, felicia vellera ducunt _ i
et gaudent implere manus, sunt dulcia pensa.
— erant Lares argentei : cf. Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, pp. 262-
266. In 60, 28, the names of three are given ; with thern
was a vera imago ipsius Trimalchionis ; it was his genius. The
Veneris signum stood among them, either for its beauty, or
because the goddess had first opened the road to wealth for
NOTES. CHAP. 29, LINE 18; CHAP. 30, LINE 8. 63
Trim. ; cf. 75, 28. — barbam ipsius conditam esse : the first
shaving of the beard, depositio barbae, had for the Romans even
more interest than for moderns the first clipping of a baby's
curls. Trim, proposes, in 73, 25, tangomenas facere, in honor
of the barbatoria of one of his slaves. Cf. Juv. Sat. 3, 186.
Trim, may have dedicated his beard to Venus. According to
Dio Cass., Xero dedicated his beard to Jupiter, and celebrated
the event with a festival. Cf. Suet. Nero, 12. — interrogare
ergo atriensem : they have passed from the portieus to the
atrium ; the description has been condensed by the epitomator.
as indicated by ergo : so in 31, 8. — Iliada : Homeric scenes
were favorite subjects for mural painting; cf. ^liss Harrison,
Myths of the Odyssey ; Mau-Kelsey, pp. 468-474.
30. procurator : wealthy Romans had a slave of this high
office to serve as general factotum or entrepreneur when their
possessions or business got beyond their personal control. This
officer might have whole greges of slaves subject to his author-
ity; he was the superior of the d'lspensator, see 1. 8. — fasces
erant cum securibus : as sevir Augustalis, Trim, was entitled
to the fasces, but not to the secures, which were an unwarranted
decoration added by the artist. The bottom of the fasces termi-
nates in a point which rests upon the beak of a ship. Inscrip-
tion Xo. 5035 in C.I.L. has fasces on either side infra acuminati
as here. Biicheler holds that the embolum formed part of the
cornice of the door and that the two bundles of fasces drooped
from it ; for imam partem he reads unam partem, i.e., the upper
part. — Seviro Augustali : the seviri Augustales constituted a
prominent society in the towns of Italy. They were wealthy
men, not noble nor freeborn, but usually engaged in one of the
less reputable professions or trades. In return for the honors
given them at public functions, they made large gifts of money
to their fellow-townsmen. They represented and maintained
the observance of the worship of the emperor. They had a
middle position between the nobility and the small people, and
64 NOTES. CHAP. 30, LINE 9; CHAP. 31, LINE 1.
were highly pleased when one of the former gave a friendly
acknowledgment to their salutations, or spoke to them by
name as one of us. Marq. Stadtsverfass. i. 197 if. — lucerna
bilychnis : cf. Mau-Kelsey, p. 365. — III et pridie kalendas :
these two functions had already taken place, since the question
is asked, 58, 5, rogo mensis deceinber est ? The Cena must have
been given in early January, while the days were cold and
short; cf. 41, 24, du7n versus te, noxjit . . . et mundum frigus habui-
mus. — C. noster foras cenat : freedmen loved to be addressed
by their first names ; cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 32, gaudent praenomine
molles auriculae. In 50, 1, we have Gaio feliciter ; 67, 1, Gai,
rogo, Fortunata quare non recumbit ; cf. 70, 18; 75, 4. foras
for foris; cf Introd. p. xxxviii; lit. 'dines forth to-day.'' — Hia
voluptatibus : these have been omitted by the epitomator. —
dextro pede : frequently in the sense of feliciter ; cf Juv. 10, 5,
quid tarn dextro pede concipis, ut te
conatus non paeniteat votique peracti f
and Friedlander's note on the line. Here it is used literally ;
Trim, has his superstitions; note his belief in astrology just
hinted at. Cf his alarm at the crowing of the cock, 74, 1. —
ceterum ut pariter : cf. ceterum ego, 29, 1 ; the added thought
is humorous, parenthetic, and of minor importance. — despoli-
atus : 'stripped'; cf. 49, 11. — subducta ... in balneo : steal-
ing clothes at the baths was common in Athens as well as in
Rome; cf Plant. Rudens, 384; Catullus, 33, 1, o furum optime
balneariorum, and Ellis's note. The punishment for such thefts
was severe. Title 47, 17 of the Digesta treats particularly de i
furibus balneariis ; cf Marq. Privatl. p. 281. ; j
I
31. quid ergo est? 'Well! what of it?' Petr. has this |
phrase five times ; it is common in the philosophic writings of
the younger Seneca. — tam grandi = tanto ; so 86, tarn grande
munus ; 92, pondus tam grande; 108, tam grande f acinus. Al-
though grandis (not magnus') has left its descendants in the
NOTES. CHAP. 31, LINES 3-8. 65
romance languages, tarn magnus is the commoner plebeian sub-
stitute for tantus as late as the time of Petr. — stupentibua :
*to our consternation.' — ad summam : cf. Introd. p. xl, E, 5;
this phrase is frecj^uent in Seneca ; cf. De Gtio, 5, 13, ad summam
quaero an ex praeceptis suis vixerint Cleanthes . . . Zenon; so Cic.
De Off. i. 149, ad summam ne agam de singulis; cf. Hor. Epis. i.
1, 106 ; so Juv. 3, 79, in summa non Maurus erat neque Sarmata
nee Thrax; cf. Hand, Tursellinus, p. 130. — vinum domini-
cum : Juv. describes in Sat. 5, 24 ff. how different wines are set
before their guests by rich patrons ; cf Friedl. Sitteng. i. 386 ff.
Martial, iv. 85, quoted by Burmann, tells how the rich patron
sometimes used cups of alabaster so that the difference of
quality in the wines might not be detected :
Nos hibimus vitro, tu murra, Pontice. Quare ?
Prodat perspicuus ne duo vina calix.
When it was said to Pliny {Epp. ii. 6) that he must find his
custom expensive of having but one quality "on his table, he
replied that it was not, for his wine was all cheap. Friedl, has
noted the senarius : vinum dominicum ministratoris gratia est.
— Tandem ergo discubuimus : the first two words are those
of the epitomator. who thus resumes after omitting a part of the
original ; so in 52. 13 ; he uses tandem alone in 53, 23 ; ergo alone
61, 1 ; 64, 37 ; 29, 20 ; igitur, 74, 15. Discubuimus is used of one
person in 57, 4; 67, 5; 70, 29, for accumbere or recumbere; so Juv.
5, 12 and 6. 434. That the company is a large one is seen from
the number who take part in the conversation : Trimalchio,
Agamemnon, Ascyltus, Encolpius, Diogenes, Hermeros, Xiceros,
Phileros, Plocamus, I. Proculus, Echiou, Ganymedes, Seleucus,
Dama ; the couches must have been large enough also to accom-
modate five or more apiece, since Habinnas and his wife come
in later and recline with them. The triclinium was, therefore,
an unusually large one. There are also numerous slaves pass-
ing continually, and several scenes take place which require
room. Such crowding was once considered undignified (Cic. In
I
6Q NOTES. CHAP. 31, LINES 8-20.
Pis. 27, 67) ; for four on one couch, cf. Hor. Sat. i. 3. Cf.
Mau-Kelsey, pp. 256-260, on the Pompeian dining-rooms ; Tri-
malchio's must have been larger than even the largest ,
(25 X 33 ft.) mentioned on p. 259. — pueris Alexaudrinis : in i
34, 9, are duo Aethiopes ; in 35, 14, an Aegyptius puer ; in 68, \
8, a, puer Alexandi-inus. The most honored slaves were not only I
those associated with the master in his business, or literary and
leisure hours, but also, toward the end of the Republic, his
musicians and pantomimes, and particularly pueri Alexandrini
who were much sought on account of their loquacity ; cf. Sta-
tins, Silv. V. 5, 66.
Non ego mercatus Pharia de puppe loquaces
delicias, doctumve sui convicia Nili
infantem, lingua nimium salibusque protervum
dilexi.
Marq. Privatl. p. 151. — aquam nivatam : ex nimbus facta =
nivea aqua, Mart. xii. 17, 6. Cf. Corp. Gloss. Lat. VI., p. 7-40. -^
pantomimi chorum : ' one would think he was in the green-
room of a theatre instead of in the dining-room of,' etc. Origi-
nally pantomime was the rhythmic performance of a notable
scene from some play ; but as it rose to the dignity of artistic
dancing, song naturally accompanied it. Pylades, 22 B.C., added
an orchestra, consisting of the syrinx, cymbals, zither, lyre,
and, for marking time, the scabellum ; Friedl. Sitteng. ii. 453.
— locus . . . primus servabatur : the conventional place for
the host is the summus in imo ; here Trim, takes the summus
in summo ; cf Marq. Privatl. p. 304; Mau-Kelsey, p. 257. — in
promulsidari : upon this the gustatio (sometimes called gustus,
or promulsis when served with wine and honey) was brought in,
forming a course preliminary to the dinner proper. Soft eggs "
usually formed part of it ; hence Horace's ah ovo usque ad mala,
' from oysters to coffee.' Here the guests have olives, strained
honey with poppy seeds, sausages, damascenes, and sliced pome-
granate, from which to choose. — asellus Corinthius : Trim.
NOTES. CHAP. 31, LINE 20; CHAP. 32, LINE 6. 67
explains in c. 50 the origin of this variety of bronze. — bis-
sacio : here only in Lat. lit. ; in glosses and in Pseudoacron's
schol. on Hor. Sat. i. 6, 106, it appears in the fem. ; pera quam
dicunt hissaciam quia pauperes quum insidunt iumentis post se sarci-
nas habent. It survived as a fein. in the Romance languages, and
was probably a plebeian word. — inscriptum erat et argenti
pondus : in 33, 17, engraved silver spoons (cochlearia) are
mentioned ; in 59, 20, a platter Qanx) is described as ducenaria
(adopting Friedlander's reading) ; in 67, 22, scales are actually
brought in to test the correctness of the inscription. Cf. Friedl.
Sitteng. iii. p. 124. — Syriaca pruna : this fruit was being suc-
cessfully cultivated in Italy ; cf. Plin. Nat. Hist. xv. 43, Dama-
scena a Syriae Damasco cognominata, iam pridem in Italia nascentia.
— granis Punici mali : ' pomegranate ' ; so Mart. vii. 29, 10, Pimi-
corum . . . grana malorum; i. 43, 6, Punica grana.
32. ad symphoniam allatus est : to the tune of ' Hail to
the chief!' cf. 28, 11. — adrasum excluserat caput: what
amused the guests was the sight of the old man's bald head lost
amid so many dainty sofa cushions. He seems to have copied
some of the habits of his old master, Maecenas ; cf. Sen. Epis.
114, 4 and 6, quo modo amhulaverit [j^Iaecenas'\ quam delicatus
fuerit . . . sic apparuit ut pallio velaretur caput exclusis utrimque
auriculis. — circaque oneratas : ' and around his well-padded
neck he had put a broad-striped napkin with fringes hanging
to either side.' Veste : the generous folds of his pallium. —
mappam : napkins are first mentioned by Horace, Sat. ii. 8,
63, though their use, at least in polite company, was much
older. The host provided them ; but guests frequently brought
their own in order to take away the apophoreta. That napkins
were sometimes stolen by guests is evident from Mart. Epig.
xii. 29. — sinistrae manus anulum . . . subauratum : when
the cock crows, 74, 4, he shifts the ring to his right hand ;
sculptured monuments show that men as a rule wore the ring
on the fourth finger, probably of the left hand ; Marq. Privatl.
68 NOTES. CHAP. 32, LINE 11; CHAP. 33, LINE 9.
p. 701 ; Plin. Nat. Hist, xxxiii. 24. Trim, could wear a pure gold
equestrian ring only when actually serving as sevir; on his tomb
he desires to be represented wearing five gold rings while holding (■ 1
the office of seviratus, 71, 30. The Emperor Claudius punished
a number of freedmen who wore these rings unlawfully ; Friedl.
Sitteng. i. 294. — armilla aurea : another is described in 67,
20 ; the custom of wearing armlets and bracelets came to Rome
from the Orient. Cf. 2 Samuel, i. 10.
33. pinna . . . dentes perfodit : the action suits the words
which follow; Trim, had probably already had something to
eat ; see note on principium cenae, 27, 15. Martial, xiv. 22,
speaks of various toothpicks :
Lentiscum melius: sed si tihifrondea cuspis
Defuerit, dentes pinna levare potest.
— absentivos morae : cf. Introd. pp. xxxiii and xxxiv, 2. Adjec-
tives in -ivus belong to the Sermo Pleh. and are found in Plautus
(e.g., abditivus, ascriptivus, collativus, subditivus), Terence and Cato ;
cf. also C.I.L. II. 3444. Similar forms which occur in the later
Latin, as, e.g., primitivus, are given in Ronsch, Itala und Vulgata.
— aureos . . . denarios : denarii were of silver ; gold coins
(nummi^ are meant which in size resembled denarii. Cf. 44, 29,
and Plin. Nat. Hist, xxxiv. 7, 37, where denarius aureus refers to
gold pieces of foreign coinage. This game in which coins were
used instead of the usual ebony and glass pawns is, according
to Friedl., the Indus duodecim scriptorum described in Marq.
Privatl. p. 857 ; we know only that there were twenty-four
checks, twelve on each side, and that the pawns were moved
according to the throws of the dice. Cf Harpers' Diet. Antiq.
p. 562. — omnium textorum : so Juv. (3, 294) uses sutor of
common folk in general. The ref . is to " Billingsgate." — dicta =
' witticisms.' — repositorium allatum est : a second course in
the gustatio is unusual ; it is evidence of the lautitia of the host ;
cf also 32, 1. Without this second course, however, the dinner
NOTES. CHAP. 33, LINE 16; CHAP. 34, LINE 3. 69
would not have had its usual progress, ah ovo usque nd mala. —
mehercules : cf. Introd. p. xxxix, D, and Index. In early com-
edy the form hercle is the commoner; but the longer forms grow
in frequency until in Seneca, Petronius, and Apuleius (Meta-
morphoses.'), mehercules prevails almost exclusively. — cochlearia
. . . selibras pendentia : the cochlear is strictly a small spoon,
having a round bowl and a long-pointed handle. It was used
in eating eggs and snails (cochleae'), whence the name. The
modern teaspoon is more like the ligula; cf. Marq. Privatl.
p. 314, and Martial, xiv. 121, under the lemma. Cochlear,
Sum cochleis hahilis sed nee minus utilis ovis ;
Numquid scis, potius cur cochleare vocer?
That the cochlear was usually very small and not so heavy as
the ligula is apparent from Martial viii. 71, 9-10 :
Octavus lignlam misit sextante minorem ,
Nanus acu levius vix cochleare tulit.
* Fiir Martial sowie fiir die allgemeine anschau ist das cochleare
das winkigste hohlmaas das uberhaupt vorkommt,' Hultsch.
Trim.'s cochlearia, how^ever, weighing each a half pound, are
immensely large; probably their weight was engraved upon
them, as upon the edges of the lances ; 31, 23. — ficedulam
. . . circumdatam : the sight of this little fig-pecker (or reed-
bird) buried in the yolk ex farina pingui explains why Encolpius
imagined his egg in pullum coisse.
34. lusu intermisso : the game described in the preceding
chapter. — iterum mulsum sumere : that this was but a formal
request, which the guests were to decline, is evinced by the
suddenness with which the gustatoria are removed. Columella,
12,41, gives the receipt for making wim/smw. An amphora found
in Pompeii has inscribed upon it the word mulsum ; cf ]\Iau-
Kelsey, p. 496. — symphonia : cf. 28. 11 ; 32, 1 ; on choro can-
tante, cf. 31, 15. The description suggests how thoroughly
70 NOTES. CHAP. 34, LINES 8-19.
Trim, believed that ' order is Heaven's first law ' ; the symphonia
and the chorus suggest the bell-tapping and the marching exer-
cises of a schoolroom. That Trim, is a vigorous disciplinarian
is shown in the following sentence; cf. also 52, 10; 53, 13;
and 74, 16 f . — supellecticarius : on the great variety of slaves
(controlled by the atriensis) who saw to the different parts of the
house and each particular belonging, cf. Marq. Privatl. pp. 142,
143. — coepit everrere : ' began (i.e., proceeded) to clean up.'
Cf. Introd. p. xl, E, 2. — Aethiopes capillati : their long hair
marked them as not full-blooded Africans. Pueri Alexandrini
are mentioned in 31, 8, and 68, 8, and an Aegyptius puer in 35,
14. — harenam in amphitheatre spargunt : in the pauses in
gladiatorial contests the blood-stained ground was spaded over
and covered with sand ; cf. Martial, ii. 75, 5 : H
Nam duo de tenera puerilia corpora turba
sanguineam rastris quae renovabat humum.
— Falernum Opimianum : Opimius was consul, b.c. 121. It
was upon this passage that Mommsen based his argument for
— elegantias : the vagueness of reference in this plural form
shows that the original account is abridged here. — aequum |
Mars amat : each guest is to dine, as it were, aequo Marte, by j
having his individual table, upon which his food will be brought, \
from the centre table. For the usual arrangement of the table
and the couches see Marq. Privatl. 302 ff. ; Harpers' Diet. Class. l
^n^ p. 1606. — amphorae . . . gypsatae : M'ith this Falernian '.
wine and the ferculum described in the following chapter the '{
gustatio, or prelude to the Cena, comes to an end. An old Ro- |
man cellar was excavated near the Porta Flaminia in Rome I
in which many amphorae w^ere found standing in a row in
sand; cf. Marq. Privatl. p. 647. The amphorae in which wine )
was stored were stopped with terra cotta corks and pitch or
plaster, very much as to-day carboys containing acid are sealed.
The vintage of the wine was inscribed either upon the amphora \
itself or upon a tag (pittacium); cf. Marq. Privatl. p. 461. I
1
i
II
NOTES. CHAP. 34, LINES 22-32. 71
the year b.c. 21, as the date of the Cena. Cicero, Brut. 83, 287,
writing in b.c. 46, says that Opimian wine was too old. It was
at its best when fifteen or twenty years old. Petr. gives us here
only a bit of the reckless bragging of Trim. It is moreover
doubtful whether Falernian wine was famous as early as the
consulate of Opimius. Exaggeration of the age of one's wines
was not uncommon ; cf. Martial, viii. 45, 4 and iii. 62, 1. — tengo-
menas faciamus : ' let us do the whistle-wetting act.' Biicheler
suggests that Trim, is here using teugomenas (which does not
occur outside of Petr.) as an ace. plu. feni. object oi faciamus^
on the analogy of kalendas facer e, and that he mistakes it for a
participle and has no more difficulty in saying tangomenas facere
than in saying, e.g.^ epagomenas facere. The origin and strict
sense of tengomenas are obscure ; there is no better explanation
than that of Reinesius who connects it with Alcaeus, frag.
39, reyye Trvev/xovas (= tangomenas) otvo), 'wet thy lungs
with wine.' Robinson Ellis, Class. Rev. 1892, p. 116, suggests
Teyytojxev Jva<s, ' let us wet our muscles,' i.e., ' soak ourselves.'
Of the two, however, the former seems the more plausible.
Heraeus, in the Vahlenfestschrift, 1901, suggests that this word is
the title of a comedy or mime, Teyyo/xevai, = ' die beschwippsten
weiber,' and compares with it such titles as the 2v/x/3aAAo/x£vai
of Epinikos, or the Svvepya^d/xevai of Herondas. The spelling
tangomenas in the Ms. for tengomenas is due to the confusion
which is further illustrated in the analyzing of compounds like
contingo, attingo, which the popular mind was more inclined to
take from tango than from ting{u)o. So in Petr. 66, 11, we have
de melle me usque tetigi, though the verb has less of the meaning
of tango than of tingo. — larvam argenteam : a very small
jointed silver skeleton has been found similar to the one here
mentioned. Cf. drawing in Archaeol. Anzeig. 1889, p. 106.
This trick of Trim.'s suggests the Egyptian habit referred to
in Herodotus ii. 78 and Plutarch, Isis et Osiris, 17. Puteoli, the
chief port of trade with Egypt, was not far from the estate of
Trim. — ergo vivamus : that Trim, was a maker of verse
appears from 41, 14. — In putting two hexameters before his
H
72 NOTES. CHAP. 35, LINES 1-8.
pentameter, however (a form of tristich which is not uncom-
mon on the tombstones of illiterate people), Trim, shows the
earmarks of his humble origin. That these triplets could be
composed off-hand without difficulty, probably because they
had a popular jingle, is seen in 55, 5. With the first of
Trim.'s verses, cf. Plant. Capt. 22 and 51 ; with his second,
cf. Hor. Od. iv. 7, 15 and 16.
35. ferculum est insecutum : an unusual conclusion of the
gustatio, which Trim, has thus made to consist of three parts,
exclusive of the wines, («) the gustatio lauta in which the
asellus Corinthius figured, (b) the gallina lignea with the pavonina
ova, (c) the present zodiacal piece. Laudationem. refers to the
sentiment in the preceding triplet (a laudatio funehris). We ^
need not suppose therefore that the original has been condensed. |
— convertit oculos : 'drew the eyes'; so Cic. in Catil. 4, 1, 1,
in me omnium vestrum era atque oculos esse conversos ; Seneca,
De ira, ii. 11, 3, totum in se popidum convertit. — structor : one of
the familia urbana, ' qui fercula docte componat,' Juvenal, Sat. 7,
184 ; cf. Marq. Privatl. p. 146. Servius on Aen. i. 704, says
struere = ordinare, componere ; unde structores dicuntur ferculorum
compositores. He occurs in inscriptions ; cf. C.I.L. VI. 4034 ;
9045 ; 9046. — super arietem : we have here one of the earliest
enumerations of the zodiacal signs in strictly Latin literature.
The astronomica of Hyginus, which also gives the list, is not many
years earlier. On cicer arietinum, ' a bumptious chickpea,' cf
chickpea in the Cent. Diet. Plin. Nat. Hist, xviii. 124, says that
it is arietino capiti simile, unde ita appellant. — super cancruni
coronam : perhaps because the centre of this constellation has
a circular or elliptical form. Cf. what Trim, says in 39, 21 ;
this is the only sign which has no edible piece placed over it.
— super leonem ficum Africanam : possibly because the lion
(more correctly the panther) was called Africana ; or, as Friedl.
suggests, because the sun passes through Leo in summer,
I
NOT^. CHAP. 35, LINE 11; CHAP. 36, LINE 11. 73
and Africa was to the Romans a perpetual summer. — oclo-
petam : ' augenzieler ' (Friedl.). What kind of an animal
this ' eye-seeker ' was is uncertain ; it may be a raven ; and we
may have here a humorous reference to that bird, whose habit
of pecking out eyes is proverbial. Cf. Isidor 13, 7, 43, corvus:
hie prior in cadaveribus oculum petit. That birds of the raven
variety were eaten appears from Mart. iii. 60, 8 ; cf. Friedl, iii.
p. 17. — capricornum looustam : since the lobster's claws
suggest a pair of horns. — aquarius anserem : probably since
the wild goose is a water-bird. — atque ipse . . . extorsit :
' and Trim, himself murdered a song from the mime of the
"Garlic eater.'" Cy*. note on centonarius, 45, 1, and Wblfflin,
Rhein. Mus. xliii. 308. — suadeo cenemus : ?.e., suad. ut cene-
mus; cf. 58, 7, 18, 41 ; 74, 43 ; Plant. Trin. 591, 681 ; Asin. 644.
— hoc est in. cenae : 'here begins the Cena'; in. = initium
(Reiske). If this be the correct interpretation, these four words
have probably slipped into the text from a marginal note made
by an ancient copyist or reader of Petronius, who saw that the
Cena proper actually begins here.
36. tripudiantes : in marked contrast to the tristitia with
which the guests were about to apply themselves ad tarn viles
cibos. Old glosses give gaudium = tripiidium. cf Corp. Gloss. Lat.
VI. 484. — superiorem partem repositorii abstulerat : by this
removal of the zodiacal cover with its false bottom the transi-
! tion is raiade from gustatio to cena, hence the ceremonious ad
symphoniam tripudiantes. — methodic : only here in Latin litera-
ture ; in the glosses, where it also occurs, it = fxeOoBeia, ' decep-
tion ' ; cf. Paul, Epist. to the Ephesians, iv. 14, Trpo? rrjv ixeOohetav
TTJ<s TrAavr;?, 'against the wiles of error.' — scissor: properly
the slave who did the carving ; often, however, the structor, who
prepared the dishes (cf. 35, 5), did this also. The scissor was
given a very exact and careful schooling in order to perform
his art with rhythm and grace; cf. Marq. Privatl. 146; Seneca,
74 NOTES. CHAP. 36, LINE 12; CHAP. 37, LINE 6.
De brevit. vitae, 12, 5; Epis. 47, 6; De vit. heat. 17, 2. In Juv. 9,
109, he is called a carptor. — essedarium . . . pugnare : there
were probably in Rome and elsewhere in Italy in Petronius's time
gladiators who reproduced the famous chariot fighting of the
Celts and Britons, described by Caesar, Bell. Gall. iv. 33 ; v. 15
and 19. Cf. below 45, 17, mulierem essedariajii, and Friedl. ii. 534.
— hydraule cantante : Burmann's warning is hardly neces-
sary, cave capias de illis, quae nostris, quorum usus in templis,
similia sunt. He understands that the accompaniment is made
by a tibicen qui Jistula, cuius canales aqua implebantur, canebat
et essedarium quasi classico incendebat ; this would suggest the
sound which children to-day make with a kind of water-whistle.
That Nero was fond of organa hydraulica novi et ignoti generis
(about whose nature we are therefore in the dark) appears from
Suetonius, Nero, 41. Quint, ix. 4, 11 and i. 10, 25 describes the
expressiveness of the water-organ and its power over the feel-
ings of an audience. On its construction cf. Chappell, History
of Music, p. 325. — non erubui = duravi, c. 41, 4. — qui supra
me accumbebat : cf. 57, 4. Hermeros is the name of this
neighbor ; cf. 59, 3.
37. longe accersere fabulas : *to draw all I could out of
him.'' — hue atque illuc discurreret : so Seneca, Apocolocyn. 9, J|
Hercules, qui videret ferrum suum in igne esse, modo hue modo illuc
cursahat. — nummos modio metitur : this form of expressing
great wealth is common in Greek and Latin as in English ; see
Otto, Sprichicorter, p. 225. So Cic. Philipp. 2, 38, 97, itaque
tanti acervi nummorum apud istum construuntur, ut iam expen-
dantur, non numerentur pecuniae ; cf Plant. Stichus, 587, mihi
medimnum mille esse argenti velim; so Juv. 3, 220; Xenoph.
Hellen. iii. 2, 27. — modo modo : ' only yesterday ' ; cf 42, 6,
and 46, 30. — genius tuus : the deification of the emperor did
much to develop this mode of addressing a man indirectly by
his abstract alter ego. Nero may be ' Divinity ' (in Quo Vadis),
NOTES. CHAP. 37, LINES 7-13. 75
but ordinary people are ' your spirit,' ' your genius.' So in
English 'your highness,' 'your honor,' Cf. 62, 35; 75, 4;
53, 7; Roscher, Mythol. Lex. 1, 1G19 ; Baumeister, Denkm.
p. 593 ; Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, 2G3-2t)7. — panem accipere : so
Diphilus, frag. 91 (Kock), Trap* ^s tov aprov 17 Kvmv ov XafifSdva;
cf. Alexis, frag. 73 (Kock). — nee quid nee quare, in caelum
abiit : ' and so she has gone soaring aloft and away from us,
and I don't know how or why.' So Cic. Ad Att. ii. 19, 2, Bihulm
in caelo est nee quare scio ; cf. ii. 20, 4; ii. 9, 1 ; ii. 21, 4; and
Hor. Odes, i. 1, 36, sublimi feriam sidera vertice. Cf. Index,
\\x\([er Alliteration. — topanta est: 'is all' to him; a common
Greek expression ; cf Herod, i. 122, rjv ri ol ev toJ Adyco rk
TrdvTa rj kww; Eurip. Orestes, 730, Travra yap raS' c? crv fxoL.
So Ovid, Epist. 12, 161, qui nobis omnia solus erat. Fortunata
is brought down from her top notch at the end of the cena; cf.
74, 26. — ad summam, mero : cf. Introd. p. x^ 4 and 5. On
the thought, cf. Plant. Bacch. 699 : ^
z. 4 and o.
Ch. Quid dixit ? Mx. si tu ilium solem, sibi soletn esse dixeriSf
se ilium lunam credere esse, et noctem, qui nunc est dies.
— saplutus : Introd. p. xxxiii, C, 2 ; similarly zeta appears as 5
in C.I.L. I. 1047 and 1299, in Setus, = Zetus. The proper name
Saplutius occurs on. a votive offering found at Mainz ; in C.I.L.
VIII. 7219, the form is Zaplutius. — lupatria : ' dieser Racker '
(Friedlander). The word is of uncertain derivation and mean-
ing. It ought to contain some complimentary reference to For-
tunata's keenness. Btich., taking the first element to be lupus,
suggests that it = XvKdvBpwiro^, versipellis . quae incognita appa-
reat. Friedl. takes it in a contemptuous sense (= etwa 'huren-
mensch '), and suggests lupatria : lupa : : Tropvevrpia : Tropvr]] for
this derivation the formation of the word poetria affords some
support. — sicca sobria : 'sober and steady'; cf. Index, under
Alliteration. This was a current phrase under the empire; cf.
Mart. xii. 30, 1, siccus sobrius est Aper ; Senec. Vita beata, 12, 4 ;
Epist. 18, 4, and 114, 3. — pica pulvinaris : ' a regular mv
76 NOTES. CHAP. 37, LINE 13; CHAP. 38, LINE 2.
lady's magpie.' The pica is pulvinaris because it is tame and
has the freedom of its mistress's room and may perch in pulvi-
nari by her side. — quein amat, amat : cf. Publil. Syrus, 6, aut
amat aut odit mulier, nil est tertium. — qua milvi volant: Her-
meros has in mind the proverb, quantum milvi volant, of which
the scholiast on Pers. 4, 26, quantum non milvus obeiTet, is re-
minded. Cf. schol. on Jiiv. 9, 55, tot milvos intra tua pascua lassos,
viz., nee milvi ea transvolare possunt. — nummoruni nummos :
'and such heaps of money'; this suggests Hebrew forms of
expression, like 'song of songs,' 'holy of holies,' 'lord of lords';
so Soph. Oed. Tyr. 464, app-qr app-qriov ', Philoctet. 65, ecrxar
iax^iTiDV KaKct. Cf. Plant. Capt. 825, regum rex regalior. Possi-
bly olim oliorum, in 43, 25, is analogous. Landgraf, Berl. Phil.
Woch. 1892, p. 755. — babaecalis in rutae folium coniciet :
' he can knock any one of these simpletons into a cocked hat.'
Cf. 67, 18, sic 710S habaecali (Heinsius, for bai'calae) despoliamur ;
in both passages, babaecalus = 'poor fool.' In Arnobius, 4, 22
(p. 159, 1. 11, in Reiffersch.), it has the sense of libidinosus.
It may be derived from /SaK-qko^, reduplicated to express intense
disgust, then by " volksetyniologie," wrongly connecting it with
(SafSat, altered in the quantity of the second and third syllables.
Grober derives it directly from fSa^at, leaving the penult, how-
ever, unexplained. The origin of in rutae folium conicio is
obscure; it recurs in 58, 16, and = redigere in angustias. Cf.
Mart. xi. 31, 17. Burmann explains : agit de immensa multitu-
dine servorum, qui quotannis in contuberniis suis prolem foecundam
et vernaculam turbam domino suo proferebant. sed ait ilium non
curare hanc copiam, quin quemvis ex ii^tis mulierosis in rutae folium
coniceret, id est, medicamentis steriles faceret; hanc enim vim rutae
esse docet praeter alios Plinius, xx. 13, 51.
i
I
38. neo est quod putes : so Plaut. Merc. 317, nihil est iam
quod mihi succenseas ; Gildersleeve-Lodge, 525, 1, note 2. — cre-
drae : properly the lemon, citrus ; by some confusion this latter
was also called cedrus, whence the mod. Ital. cedro. The inser-
f
i .
NOTES. CHAP. 38, LINES 2-9. 77
tion of r gives a form analogous Nvith draucus for daucus, frus-
trum ioY frustum; cf. Gram. Latini, TV. 198, 30 ; 199, 3. In 1. 10,
culcitras is for culcitas. — lacte gallinaceum : things as rare
as hens' teeth he has home-grown ; cf. Lucian, Trept r. i. fxta-Bw
avv6vT(DV, § 13, Koi c^ets to Trj<i ^AiJuiX.Oui<i Kipas /cat d/xc'A^et?
opvidoiv yd\a. Lacte is an early and late popular form of lac
(Xeue, Fonnenlehre, I. 239), from which have come the Span.
leche, Port, leite, French hit, Ital. latte (Grober, Arckiv, III. 274) ;
it is also found in glosses; cf C.G.L. VI. 616; lactem occurs in
71, 2. Cf. Wagener, Neue Phil. Rundschau, 1899, p. 73. — cula-
vit in gregem : ' and had him serve his ew^es.' The best Italian
sheep were those of Apulia, Calabria, and particularly Tarentum,
where, as in Attica and a few other places, the sheep were cov-
ered with coats, in order to keep the wool pure and to produce
those gauzy woolen fabrics which were celebrated in Lucian's
time ; Lucian, Rhet. Praec. 15 ; Hor. Odes, ii. 6, 10. Culare, from
cuius, 'the hinder parts,' is at the base of the Eng. recoil, Fr.
reculer, Ital. rinculare ; cf. Gr. Trvyt^eiv. — obiter . . . fient :
' and at the same time his native bees will be a little improved
by crossing with the Greek ones.' Obiter = simul here, as in
31, 11 ; 34, 15; so in Sen. De ira, iii. 1, 3 ; Juv. 3, 241 ; 6, 481.
— ecce . . . scripsit : 'and mark you, sir! he wrote'; the inter j.
is livelier than ad summam above, 1. 2. — illi . . . boletorum
mitteretur : illi = sibi, as freq. in Sallust ; cf. Sen. Epis. 48, 8;
Juv. 13, 203. In fact, ille, as well as ad summam, is one of the
peculiar usages of Hermeros ; cf. 56, 9, oves quod lana illae
(= Fr. elles), the pronoun being entirely unnecessary in pure
Latin. In superseding se, ille points to the later romance devel-
opment; Heraeus, Vahlenfestschrift, 1901. The boletus is a first-
class mushroom; cf. Juv. 5, Wl, fungi ponentur amicis, | boletus
domino. — nam mulam . . . nata sit: '(and all he has is of
the best) for ' ; a similar omission of the fact for which the
7iom-clause adduces a proof occurs in 48, 22 ; 52, 6 ; 53, 29 ;
56, 6 ; 63, 4 ; cf. Juv. 10, 204, and Mayor's and Friedlander's
notes on the line ; see Index, under nam. — ex onagro : this
78
NOTES. CHAP. 38, LINES 10-18.
shows the excellence of his breed ; for the ordinary breeding,
cf. Lat. Anth. (Meyer), 1, 387 :
Burdonem sonipes generat commixtus asellae.
Mulus ah Arcadicis et equina matre creatus.
— culcitras : hence Sp. colcedra, Ital. coltriche, featherbed ; it is
the popular form of culcita. In many Mss. of Cic. Tusc. (iii. 46)
and Suet. Tiber. (54) the spelling with r occurs as a variant. —
conchyliatum : not so deep a purple or violet as the Tyrian
dye, Marq. Privatl. p. 508. — valde sucossi sunt: with refer-
ence to their wealth. Valde is a favorite with Petr. as with
Cicero, who first brought it into use in the sense in which it
occurs here ; see Index, suh voc. On the form sucossi, cf. digni-
tosso, 57, 36. So C.I.L. IV. 1830; cf. Olcott, Word Formation,
p. 208, Schonwerth-Weyman, Archiv, V. 12. — imus in imo : this
is Pompeius Diogenes, 1. 20 ; his place is uncertain ; it is not
the libertini locus, since this is occupied by Proculus, 1. 22 ; cf.
Marq. Privatl. p. 304. — octingenta : sc. millia sestertium, about
$34,000, double the property qualification of equites. — quo-
modo dicunt : ' comme on dit.' — Incuboni : the story of the
dwarf who guards the treasure, but can be made to reveal its
hiding-place when his cap is stolen from him, is ancient as
well as modern. Siegfried recovers the Rhine treasure by get-
ting possession of the cap of Alberich. Incubo is not only an
imp creating terror, like Pan and the satyrs, but a treasure
god, as here. He shares this latter honor with Hercules ; cf.
Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 15, with Wickham's note ; Pers. 2, 10, o si | sub
rastro crepet argenti mihi seria dextro Hercule ; Ramsay's note
on Plant. Mostell. p. 168. Cf. Roscher, Myth. Lex. II. 128. —
est sub alapa . . . male : ' aber er will hoch hinaus, und gonnt
sich das beste ' (Friedl.) ; i.e., ' he is a high-flyer and looks out for
number one.' R. Ellis: 'the man, however, is a lick-spittle;'
Nettleship : 'he may still be slapped.' This last explanation
rests on schol. ad Pers. 5, 75 : as often as they manumitted a
NOTES. CHAP. 38, LINES 22-26. 79
slave, they gave him an alapa (the manumission stroke) and
led him about, thus confirming his freedom. Biicheler : 'er ist
aber noch kein fertiger reicher, vielmehr in der Mauser be-
griffen ; ' i.e.. * he is no rich man, but rather getting there ; ' the
alapa being the longed-for all-in-all ceremonial which shall
make of him a new man ; he is adhuc sub iudice. Friedl. would
emend to sufflatus, 'puffed up.' Cf. C.G.L. VI. 47, where alapus
= qui propter mercedem alapas patitur, ' a boot-lick.' Heraeus,
Sprache des Petron., suggests subalapo or suhalapator, 'braggart,'
on the analogy of alapari, a low Latin verb, = gloriari, Ronsch,
Rhein. Mus. 1879, p. 632. In C.G.L. III. 372, 56, alapator is ex-
plained as KavyrjTrj<i. A suhalapator wowXd thus be 'something
of a braggart.' Non vult sibi male is freq. in the comic poets ;
cf. Plant. Pers. 820. In C.G.L. an improhus =z inconsideratus
vel qui soli sibi vult bene. — libertini loco : plainly a definite
place at the table, though its location is uncertain ; possibly it
is in imo secundus : this would bring Proculus, 1. 35, next to
Diogenes, with Trimalchio above him. A libertus was occasion-
ally invited to dinner by his ingenuus friend ; this might
account for the origin of the phrase libertini locus. There was
also a locus consularis ; cf. Marq. Privatl. p. 304. — impropero :
freq. in the Vulgate, the older versions of the Bible, and in
patristic Latin, as well as in glosses ; cf Heraeus, Sprache, p. 5
and the references. It survives in Fr. improperer and Ital. im-
proverare. — sestertium . . . decies : • he saw his 100,000
ten times over.' This gave him a senatorial qualification ; in
the early empire senators had come to possess enormous wealth
and to say that a man had a patrimonium laticlavium (76, 4)
was to characterize him as a Croesus. •' Richer than the sena-
tor Crispus," says Martial, iv. 54, 7 ; yet Crispus was worth two
hundred million sesterces. — male vacillavit: 'he went wrong.'
Trim, who had done better, ascribes his wealth to his lucky
star, the firm-footed Crab, 39, 21. — liberti . . . ad se fece-
runt : so in 43, 17, the brother of Chrysanthus had been
fleeced by slaves ; cf. Sen. De benef 2, 27, 1, Lentulus, divitiarum
maximum exemplum, antequam ilium libertini pauperem facerent.
\
80 NOTES. CHAP. 38, LINES 26-35.
— scito autem : *yoii know! it's the old story; your friend's
pot boils poorly, and when things take a bad turn, away flee
your friends.' Judging from the different words for friends, it
is probable that two proverbs are run together here : (a) the
pot of a crowd doesn't boil well ; i.e., too many cooks spoil the
broth : (b) a friend in need is a friend indeed. Cf. Bed. Philol.
Wochensch. 1892, p. 755. The Greeks had a proverb : ^et x^'''P"-^
i^u (faXta, ' all goes well when the pot boils,' Zenob. 4, 12 ; but
it does not seem to fit the sentiment here, though cited by
Friedl. and Otto. On amici de medio cf. Plant. Stick. 521 f., si res
Jirma est, itidem Jirmi amici sunt: si res labat, | itidem amici conla-
hescunt; and Hor. Od. i. 35, 21 ff. So Petron. c. 80,
cum/ortuna manet, rultum servatis, amici :
cum cecidit, turpi vertitis orafuga.
Cf. Soph. frag. 667, dv8p6s KaKws Trpdaarovros eK7ro8a>v <^tA.oi.
— quod ilium sic vides : ' what a fine business he carried on,
that you see him so well off to-day.' Cf. Gildersleeve-Lodge,
§ 534, Rem. As in modern times, there was money in the
undertaker's business, though, like ancient auctioneering and
public acting, the business was unsuited to the holding of pub-
lic office. The sevirate was, however, open to lihertini who
pursued any of these callings. On the adject, use of sic, cf tarn
75, 17. — effundebatur quam . . . cella habet : cf 37, 16;
74, 2 ; and the picture of Bacchis causing waste of wine, in
Ter. Heaut. 1. 457. — phantasia, non homo : ' no ordinary man
he; he was a perfect dream.' Cf. In trod. p. xxxviii, B; Index
under Comparisons ; so c. 134, lorum in aqua, non inguina. For
other examples, cf H. S. Jones, Class. Rev. vii. 224. — C. lulius
Proculus : this man being a collihertus (1. 12) of Trim, should
have the same nomen (Pompeius) ; (/. Diogenes, another colli-
hertus, 1. 20. Friedl. suggests that in being manumitted he had
been presented to a Julian ; so Cicero's slave, Dionysius, was
presented to Atticus and assumed not Cicero's gentile name,
Tullius, but Atticus's, Pomponius ; ^Nlarq. PrivatL p. 22.
NOTES. CHAP. 39, LINES 1-8. 81
39. ferculum : mentioned in 35, 1 ; the repositorium, or
cover, with its zodiacal signs, is still on the table, or at least
within sight. It had been removed from the lower portion
of the ferculum at the beginning of c. 36, revealing the viands
with which the cena began. — sermonibus publicatis : in
distinction from the fahulae, ' private talk,' ' stories,' of the two
preceding chapters. Hilarity and chatting are the life of the
cena; so in c. Ill the fabula of the Lady of Ej^hesus is told
ne s'deret sine fabuUs hilaritas. — reclinatus in cubitum : as
though some duties had just compelled him as host to sit up;
cf. c. 132, erectus in cubitum, and 65, 14. — suave faciatis :
sc. fabulis vestris ; the invitation is repeated in 48, 2, though
the offer is made to change the wine if it cannot be so sweet-
ened. Cf. Mart. V. 78, 16, vinum tu fades bonum bibendo.
— rogo, me putatis : cf. Introd. p. xli, F; Index, under Para-
taxis: Gildersleeve-Lodge, 467, note ; Studemund, Studien, 1, 141.
— theca repositorii ; the same as the superiorem partem repos.,
36, 2. — sic notus Ulixes : 'am I no cleverer?' Verg. A en.
ii. 44; in 68, 13, a passage from the Aeneid is recited by the
pedisequus of Habinnas. To his countrymen, Yergil came to
be, under the empire, a Schiller or a Shakspere, through the
nobleness, as well as the human element, of his poetry. It was
even considered that he was prophetic, and that the Aeneid was
an inspired book to be appealed to. Men were fond of quoting
his verses and using them as mottoes. Martial, xii. 67, 5, speaks
of the high regard in which his birthday was held. Cf. Tunison,
Master Vergil, 39. — quid ergo est: cf 30, 30. — philologiam =
litterarum studium: Sen. Epist. 108, 23, ob'serves, quae philosophia
fuit, facta philologia est ; in Apocoloc. 5, 4, Claudius gaudet esse
illic [_in caelo] philologos homines. — patrono meo ossa . . .
quiescant : 'thanks to my patronus — and may his ashes rest
in peace — there is nothing new under the sun for me'; the
prayer, in the abbreviated form o. t. b. q., is common in tomb-
stone inscriptions from Africa; cf. C.I.L.YHl. 2, p. 1104, and
Wilmanns, Exempla Ins. Lat., Indie, p. 693, ossa. — hominem
82
NOTES. CHAP. 39, LINES 9-29.
inter homines : cf. 57, 17 ; 74, 33. An expression common
among slaves and freedmen. Cf., however, Tac. Hist, iv. 64,
liheri inter liheros eritis ; Herond. Mini. 5, 15, r] ere Oda-a iv
dv6po)7roL<s. — fericulus : the illiterate form for ferculum; cf,
68, 6 ; this, with caelus for caelum, vinus for vinum, fatus for
fatum, is among the earliest examples of the change of neut.
to masc, the complete result of which is seen in the total
disappearance of neuters in romance languages ; cf, Suchier,
Archiv III. 163. — multum lanae : '■heaucoxip de laine.' — expu-
doratam : 'shameless.' In CG.L. IV. 339, 42, this word is
glossed inpudicus ; in III. 112, 23, dvatSeWare = expuderate.
It is the parent of the Ital. spudorato, — cornum acutum : 'a
sharp frontal bump.' On the form cornum = cornu, cf, Neue,
Formenl. I. 529. — et arietilli : ' and thankless creatures ' ; a
dim. of aries = arietulus. So K/oios is a synonym for a thankless
creature ; cf Lid. and Scott, sub v, — calcitrosi : adj. in -osus
are frequent in Petr. ; cf, C.G,L. II. 358, 17, XaKTLcrTrj<: : calci-
trosus. — bigae et boves: 'spans of horses, yokes of oxen,
shifty people, who blow hot and cold.' On parites linunt, cf,
Cic. Ad fam. vii. 29, 2, sine eum errare et putare me virum honum
esse nee scire duo parietes de eadem fidelia dealhare. — multis
pedibus sto : a farmer's phrase ; cf. Quint, xii. 9, 18, itaque,
in vis actionibus omni, ut agricolae dicunt, pede standum est.
With this, contrast Horace's stans pede in uno, Sat, i. 4, 10.
— hoc et illoo = hue et illuc; Introd. p. xxxiii, A, 3 ; cf 26, 10;
57, 40. Trim, means that crabs are at home on land and sea;
there are both varieties. — nihil super ilium : he had actually
placed a crown supra cancrum; cf. 35, 7, and note. — cataphagae :
a Greek noun of agency, like SaKva?, dyayas (for dywyas, = leno) ;
equiv. to </)ayds, and freq. in comedy; in the glossaries (C.G.L,
II. 36 and 32) it = gulator, ganeo. — aliquid expediunt : ' display
their wares.' — sagittario strabones : because an archer aims
above, and not directly at, the object he expects to hit. — prae
mala sua : ' who from their very woes beget horns.' Prae with
ace, as in 46, 5 ; cf, Introd. p. xxxviii, E, 2. So in inscriptions 150
NOTES. CHAP. 39, LINE 30; CHAP. 40, LINE 8. 83
years later than Petr., exliteras (C./.L. VIII. 10570), ex numerum
(C.I.L. VIII. 9292). The tendency grew, in the senno vulgaris, to
merge the abl. and the ace. into one case ; Suchier, Archiv, III.
16.5. The idea in cornua nasci may be explained by x^pacrcfyo-
pos = ' cuckold/ ;^€paTa ttolclv tlvl = ' to cuckold,' ^^eparas = ' a
cuckold.' — in aquario : because of its malign influence; the
caupo was not held in great esteem ; cf. Mart. i. 56 ; iii. 57 ; Hor.
Sat. i. 1, 29, and 5, 4. — tanquam mola : cf. Introd. p. xxxviii, B ;
Index, tanquam.
40. sophos = the more classical lene, perhene, optume ; cf.
Mart. i. 3, 7,
Audieris cum grande sophos, dum hasia iactas,
ibis ah excusso missus in astra sago.
Probably croc^ois and evye, denoting approval, made their way
into Rome with Greek music and rhetoric, as bravo has to-day
wherever Italian music is sung. Cf. Friedl. Sitieng. i. 384. —
Hipparchus, Aratus : see Christ, GriecTi. Literaturgeschichte,
pp. 869 and 530. — donee : ' until ' ; always with indie, in Petr.,
except in 62, 18. It is the parent of the Fr. done, but in Petr.
it does not yet have the sense of that word ; cf. Englander,
Archiv, VI. 467. — toralia praeposuerunt toris : the triclinium
is thus changed into a hunting scene. The toralia were stretched
along the outside of the tori. — et ecce : ' and lo and behold ' ;
this occurs four times in Petr., thrice in the talk of the liber-
tini ; cf. Introd. p. xxxvii, D, 1. Its earliest appearance is in
Yarro, e.g., p. 13.5, .5, Riese's ed. — canes Laconici : both Verg.,
Georg. iii. 405, and Hor., Epod. 6, 5, mention Spartan in con-
nection with Molossian dogs. Soph., Ajax, 8, speaks of their
keen scent, Cf. Shakspere, Othello, concluding lines :
" O Spartan dog,
More fell than anguish, hunger, or the sea."
84 NOTES. CHAP. 40, LINES 9-26.
So Midsummer Night's Dream, iv. 1 :
" I was with Hercules and Cadmus once
When in a wild of Crete they bay'd the bear
With hounds of Sparta ; never did I hear
Such gallant chiding."
— secutus est hos repositorium : this is the second course of
the cena; the first is described in 36, 4. By the time of Petr.
the serving of whole boars was common ; it was introduced as
early as Sulla's time by Servilius PuUus ; Plin . N.H. viii. 210.
Cf. Mart. vii. 59 ; Juv. in 1, 140 exclaims,
quanta est gula quae sibi totos
ponit apros, animal propter convivia natum ?
Friedl. Sitteng. iii. 40, 8. — altera caryotis . . . repleta : ' the
one filled with walnut dates, the other with Theban.' The
Romans used the former as gifts at the Saturnalia and on
New Year's Day, scattering them as missilia ; cf. Marq. Privatl.
p. 428. — circa autem . . . porcelli . . . scrofam . . . significa-
bant : the animal was a boar, served, however, to resemble a
sow. On the decorations placed about it, and the cap on its
head, cf. 66, 4, where the porcus has a crown and is surrounded
with saviunculum et gizeria. The hard-baked coptoplacenta, of
which the porcelli were made, are the hard copta of Mart. xiv. 68 :
Peccantis famuli pugno ne percute dentes :
clara Rhodos coptam quam tibi misit edat.
They probably resembled the KOTTTOTrXaKoi}? of Athenaeus, 647 f.
The word reappears in Anth. Lat. (Riese) 199, 47. — apopho-
reti: guests took away these gifts in the mappae which they
brought with them ; Marq. Privatl. p. 313. — Martial's fourteenth
book is made up of verses meant to accompany the gifts ; so
to-day "sugar-kisses" are sold with erotic distichs wrapped with
them. — altilia laceraverat : 36, 12. — memento : ' at once ' ;
cf 28, 2, momento temporis ; Petr., however, prefers statim. —
ad numerum divisere : ' divided equally.'
NOTES. CHAP. 41, LINES 4-28. 85
41. bacalusias : 'after I had exhausted every likely solution.'
Possibly from ^a.K-qXo'i, which Suet. {Aug. § 87) says Augustus
constantly used for stultus. The second element (-hisiai^) wa«
then popularly associated with ludere : hence lit. ' nonsense-
juggle.' — duravi = non erubui, 36, 15; so Lucan. Phars. iv.
519, ut vivere durent. — plane: 'assuredly,' a strong affirmation,
as in comedy; cf. 67, 28, and Plant. True. 618. — summa cena :
' the last course of yesterday's dinner allowed him to go un-
touched ' ; so in 66, 19, in summo . . . caseum. In Mart. x. 37,
9, however, summa mensa is probably the principal course of the
cena. — dimissus est: ef. 66, 24. — damnavi ego: the pron.
seems redundant and almost enclitic; so narra tu, 48, 8; seis
tu, 74, 39 ; vide tu, 78, 3. It was desirable to be a good diner-
out; cf. 34, 24. — puer speciosus : cf. 74, 20; the pantomimic
burlesque, hitting off the various attributes of Dionysus, by gest-
ure, costume and words, has something very modern in it. Cf
Friedl. Sitteng. ii. 458. — modo . . . interdum : cf. 39, 13 and 17,
and Wolfflin, Archiv, II. 253. — liberum patrem : ' that I am the
child of Free-Father.' Trim, is a great punster and poetaster.
Under Nero, however, it was extremely perilous to establish a
reputation as a true poet. Cf. Tac. Ann. xvi. 28 and xiv. 52;
also Friedl. Sitteng. iii. 412. — pataracina : the interpretation is
diflBcult ; the word seems to refer to the size of the cups, not to
the strength of the wine, like anancaea, Allifana, hatiacae ; cf
Mart. xiv. 93 ff., and Cic. In Verrem, ii. 1, 26, 66, poscunt maio-
rihus poculis. — versas : Introd. p. xxxv, C, 4. — mundum fri-
gus : agrees with 30, 11, as to the time of year when the dinner
was given. — balneus : Introd. p. xxxv, C, 1. — staminatas : 'I
have had several stiff drinks.' The word is suggested by vestia-
rius, just used; his drinks had stamen, no subtemen, they were wine
with no addition of water. In the Corp. Gloss. Lat., staminarius
is glossed vqa-rrj^. 6 tov aT-rjfJLtDva. On the ending -atus, cf Index.
— matus : 'foolish'; Ital. matto ; cf. C.G.L. V. 568, 58, where
fatuus is glossed stultus . . . mattus. — vinus : Introd. p. xxxv,
C, 1. Possibly the masc. is used because the speaker is of Greek
extraction and in his language the word for 'wine' is masc.
86 NOTES. CHAP. 42, LINES 2-19.
42. balniscus : In trod. p. xxxv, C, 1. The weakening effect
of too much bathing was noticed by the early Father, Clemens
of Alexandria, who says (Paedagog. 3, 3), that it may lead to
serious physical breakdown, and adds, " the ancients called the
bath a place for bleaching men, since it wore out the body, just
as heat also may take the temper out of iron." — cor nostrum :
*the courage' to stand the shock of the cold water. — laecasin :
Aeixa^eiv, fellare ; cf. Mart. xi. 58, 12. On the form, cf. Introd.
p. xxxiii, C, 2. — fui in funus : Introd. p. xxxviii, E, 3 ; so in cu-
riam fuerunt, Wilmanns, 2083, 18 ; ex Utteras, C.I.L. VIII. 10570 ;
cf. Sen. Epist. 108, 4. — animam ebulliit : so 62, 19 ; Pers. 2, 10,
o si ebulliat patruus ; Sen. Apocoloc. 4, 2, animam ebulliit. — utres
inflati : cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 98, crescentem tumidis infla sermonibus
utrem. — bullae: Homer likens man to autumn leaves, II. vi.
146 ; cf Find. Pyth. 8, 95, o-Kia? ovap av^pwTro? ; and Luc. Charon,
19. So Varro, R.R. 1, 1, 1, homo bulla. — abstinax: Introd.
p. xxxiv, C, 2 ; found only here, = abstemius. — abiit ad plures :
* he's joined the majority ' ; cf. the German er ist zur grossen
armee abgegangen ; so Plant. Tri?i. 291, quin prius me ad plures
penetravi. In Aristoph. Eccles. 1073, ypav<i dvea-TrjKvia Trapa
Tw TrAeidvwv = ' a woman risen from the dead.' Cf. C.I.L. VI.
142, = Orelli, 6042, jylures me antecesserunt, omnes expecto. — ma-
lus fatus : probably the neut. personified, hence not like caelus
for caelum. Fatus is the spirit which attends one through
life till death takes his place. Roscher, Myth. Lex. 1, 1452 ;
cf. C.I.L. VI. 4379, noli dolere, arnica, eventum meum, properavit
aetas: hoc dedit Fatus mihi ; so 6932, 10127. — vital! lecto : cf
77, 20, and Sen. Epist. 99, 22. The collegia funeralicia called
themselves salutaria by a similar euphemism. — accepisset :
'what kind of a funeral would he have had, if he had not
treated her so very well ? ' — mulier quae mulier : ' all women,
one as well as another.' Ribbeck, inserting omnes, makes a
senarius : mulier quae mulier omnes milvinum genus. — neminem
nihil : Introd. p. xxxvii, C ; cf. the double negative in 58, 15 and
76, 4. — aeque : Introd. p. xxxvii, C. — in puteum conicias :
so Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 242, in rapidum fluvium iaceretve cloacam; Sen.
NOTES. CHAP. 42, LINE 20; CHAP. 43, LINE 15. 87
Epist. 87, 16, denarius in cloacam ; cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 166, and
Plaut. Cure. 121. — amor cancer : either because, like the dis-
ease, it gets into the very blood {cf. Lucret. iv. 1064, ulcus enim
vivescit et inveterascit alendo), or because its grip is as firm as a
lobster's. Ellis, Class. Rec. 1892, p. 116, explains differently.
43. vivorum memiuerimus : used in 75, 16, in a broader
sense ; that the phrase is proverbial is shown from Cic. De
Jin. V. 1, 3, veteris proverbii admonitu vivorum memini. — crevit
quicquid crevit : ' he grew for all he was worth ' ; the phrase
is of the same pattern as mulier quae mulier, 42, 17. — solida
centum (millia) : ' a cool 100,000 ' ; the Ital. soldo and Fr.
sou are derivatives from solida; note how the original force has
weakened. Cf. Mart. iv. 37, 4, ex insulis fundisque tricies soldum :
so plenum vicies in i. 99. — linguam caninam comedi : i.e.., he
has the cynic's (kvo>v, ' dog') love of truth at any cost. In 69, 10,
is the recipe for quieting such an irrepressible tongue.
— durae buccae : 'of unlimited cheek,' 'bombastic' — lin-
guosus, 'a chatterbox.' — discordia : ' the very embodiment of
contention ' ; cf 38, 32. — amicus amico : a popular phrase ;
cf. Plaut. Miles Gl. 658, and the distich, C.I.L. VI. 6275, hie est
ille situs, qui qualis amicus amico | quaque fde fuerit, mors fuit
indicio. — malam parram pilavit : 'he had hard luck ' ; cf. Hor.
Od. iii. 27, 1, impios parrae recinentis omen \ ducat. — mentem
sustulit : cf. the picture of Trim., in 29, 12, showing Mercury
in the act of lifting him to the high tribunal by his chin. — ille
stips : the ille of 1. 2 ; lines 9-14 describe his brother. The con-
versation still turns on the dead Chrysanthus, notwithstanding
the protest in line 1, and the cheerful but short digression. Stips =
' blockhead '; so truncus, codex, stipes plumheus ; cf Cic. In Pison.
9, 19; Ter. Heaut. 877. It stands for stipes: so seps for saepes,
nubs for nubes, orbs for orbis, all of which are found in old glos-
saries. — terrae filio : ' groundling,' a designation of unknown
or disagreeable people, cf. Cic. Ad Att. i. 13, 4, huic terrae
filio nescio cui committere epistulam . . . non audeo ; so Pers.
88 NOTES. CHAP. 43, LINE 16; CHAP. 44, LINE 3.
vi. 57, progenies terrae. — ionge . . . fugit : the title of one
of Varro's Menippean Satires ; cf. Biicii. Petronius, ed. 1882,
p. 188. — oricularios = auricularios, Introd. p. xxxiii, cf. Fr.
oreille, and Catullus's oricilla, 25. 2. The sense, ' confiden-
tial secretary,' recurs in the Vulgate, 2 Samuel, xxiii. 23. —
quod (habuit) frunitus est: 'he enjoyed what he had'; fru-
niscor is a lengthened form of fruor ; cf. 44, 34. Before cui
datum est, something like ille felicissimus est is to be supplied.
— fortunae filius: cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 49, luserat in campo :
^ Fortunae filius ! ' omnes. In Juv. 6, 605-609 is a charming
picture of Fortuna with little ones about her, to whom she
is distributing her gifts. — quadrata currunt : ' run on all
fours,' cf. 39, 23. — annos secum tulisse : frequent on tomb-
stones, as C.I.L. X. 2311, scire laboras, annos quot tulerim mecum;
cf. 1069, 3, and Lucan. Phars. xi. 10, saecula iussa ferentem ; Ov.
Metam. xi. 497, gerere annos. — olim oliorum : 'one of those men
of long ago,' an intensive phrase, like nummorum nummos, 37, 15 ;
the reading is, however, extremely uncertain ; cf. Ellis, Class.
Rev. vi. 117. It may be that oliorum stands to olim as illorum
does to illim, the sense and spelling of oliorum (for oliorum,
ollus being an old form of ille) being influenced by olim; hence
lit. 'I knew him long ago, one of those (old timers),' cf. ArcMv,
II. 317. — canem reliquisse : in 74, 25, Trim.'s wife calls him
canis, qui non contineret lihidinem suam. — puUarius = paedicator
— omnis minervae : cf. 68, 22 ; so Hor. Sat. ii. 2, 3, crassa
Minerva ; Epist. ii. 3, 385, invita Minerva ; Cic. Lael. 5, 19, pingui,
ut aiunt, Minerva ; Verg. Aen. viii. 409, tenuique Minerva; cf
Plin. Epist. xxi. 25. — hoc secum tulit : so in C.I.L. VI. 142,
cum vives benefac {tihi namque) hoc tecum feres ; cf. 69, 6. No
one can rob the departed of the memory of their pleasures.
44. ad caelum nee ad terrain pertinet : a Greek prov. ;
cf. Lucian. Alexan., ovre yrj<s (f>a(nv ovre ovpavov a7rTOfX€vov<i. —
quid . . . mordet ; the indie, in ind. quest, in post-class. Lat.
is rare. This instance is not noted in Drager, Hist. Syntax, II.
NOTES. CHAP. 44, LINES 5-22. 89
§ 464. Cf. 76, 29 ; 71, 40. In 33, 17, si = ' if,' not ' whether.'
Cf. Ter. Eun. 529, dicat quid vult. On the sense of mordet, cf.
aqua denies habet, 42, 2. — aediles male eveniat : ' confound the
aediles'; the ace. for dat. With this cf. Wilmanns, Exemp.
Inscrip. 252, di vos bene faciant; cf. also the preceding inscription.
— serva me : cf. 45, 43 ; ama me amabo te is found inscribed on
ancient Roman rings. — populus minutus : Ital. minutaglia ;
cf. Phaedr. iv. 6, 13, minuta plebes. — isti . . . maxillae : synesis,
as in 1. 10 below. — simila si siligine : '■ if the flour were infe-
rior to (= not made of) the finest wheat.' Cf Crit. Appendix.
— percolopabant : 'used to give them such a trouncing that
Jupiter himself seemed utterly to have forsaken them.' On
the form, cf Introd. p. xxxiii. On iratus cf. 58, 21; 62, 35. —
piper non homo : in southern Italy it is said of a man who is
remarkable for quickness of thought and action that e tuito di
pepe. — amicus amico : c/. 43, 10. — in tenebris micare : to
count fingers in the dark with a companion was the proverbial
indication of confidence ; cf Cic. De off. iii. 19, 77, and De
fin. ii. 16, 52. In the game, called mora, here alluded to, each
player quickly placed before his opponent's face at the same
moment a certain number of his fingers which the other was to
guess. — pilabat : 'how he singed (lit. plucked) them one by
one,' i.e.. 'how he made things hum.' Vel tractabat is a gloss
explaining /)?7a&af and is out of place in the text. Cf. 43, 11. —
schemas : Introd. p. xxxv ; so even Sueton. Tiber. 43, exemplar
imperatae scJiemae. This metaplastic form is commoner in the
early comedy ; so in Plant. Miles, 148, glaucoma is of the 1st decl.
— Asiadis : the Asiatic style of oratory was florid and abounded
in figures and rhetorical display ; its chief representative at
Rome was Hortensius ; cf Cic. Brutus, 95. — nomina omnium
reddere : like the modern voter, the populus minutus of classi-
cal Rome was pleased to have the great public men call them
familiarly by name; cf Friedl. Sitteng. i. 385. — pro luto erat :
'was dirt-cheap': cf 51, 11 and 67, 30. In True. 556 Plant,
has bona sua pro stercore habet ; cf. Poen.,.15S non lutumst lutu-
90 NOTES. CHAP. 44, LINES 23-36.
leniius. — oculum bublum : Introd. p. xxxiii, B, -3. Charred
remains of baker's bread have been found in Pompeii ; the
form was usually round. Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, pp. 96 and
378. Baumeister, Denk. Class. Alterth. p. 24.5. — retroversus
crescit : this applies to Cumae as one of the numerous feeble
military colonies of Rome ; cf. Juv. 3, lines 3 and 322. — coda
vituli : so Merchant of Venice, ii. 2 :
Gobbo : What a beard hast thou got ! thou hast got more hair
on thy chin than Dobbin my fill-horse has on his tail.
Launcelot : It should seem then that Dobbin's tail grows back-
ward : I am sure he had more hair on his tail than I have on my
face when I last saw him.
Nos habemus : Introd. p. xxxvi, B. — domi gaudet : = in
sinii gaudet, 'he laughs in his sleeve.' — alter patrimonium
habet: alter = alius ; the Fr. autre comes from this supplanter
of alius. — denarios aureos : cf. 33, 8. — coleos haberemus :
cf. Ov. Her. 16, 291, si sint vires in semine avorum; Pers.
1, 103, si testiculi vena ulla paterni \ viveret in nobis. — popu-
lus . . . leones : a Greek prov. ; cf. Aristoph. Peace, 1189,
6vr€<i OLKOL fxkv Ae'oi/re?, ev fJf-o-XU ^' aA.(07r€/<es. Populus means
* the citizens,' as a corporate body; it is common in this
sense in municipal ordinances, cf. Wilmanns, Exemp. Inscrip.
Indices, pp. 612, 701. — f oras : Introd. p. xxxviii, 5. — fruni-
scar : ' so help me Heaven to enjoy myself and mine.' On the
case of meos cf. Introd. p. xxxvi, A ; Drager, I. p. 569 ; so
Plant. Rud. 1012, malum fruniscei nil potes. This form of
the verb is frequent in inscrip., cf. C.I.L. IV. 2953 ; V. 7453 ;
VIII. 9519 and 19606 — diibus : = diis, a frequent form in in-
scrip. ; cf. C.I.L. II. 325. — ieiunium : cf. Aquaelicium in Smith's
Diet. Antiq.^ p. 156; Harpers', p. 106. There still survives an
old Athenian prayer for rain :
V(TOv vaov & (piXe ZeO
Kara rijs dpovpas
TTJs ' Adrivaiojv
Kal tCjv Trediojv.
NOTES. CHAP. 44, LINE 37; CHAP. 45, LINE 2. 91
Norden, Kunst-Prosa, I. 46, See also Morgan, Rain-Gods and
Rain- Charms ; Transactions Am. Philol. Association, xxxii. pp.
100 ff. — opertis oculis : ' with eyes shut to every other inter-
est,' cf. Juv. 6, 433. — stolatas : an honorable description of the
matrons; so femina stolata, C.I.L. III. 5225. Livia was, however,
dubbed a Ulysses stolatus (a Ulysses in petticoats) on account of
her cunning; Suet. Calig. 23. — in clivum : to the temple of
Jupiter ; municipalities were patterned after Rome in many
ways ; especially by remodelling the citadel into a Clivus Capi-
tolinus ; at Falerium there was even a via sacra. — plovebat:
Introd. p. xxxiii, A, 3 ; analogous to fuvit, = fuit. — udi tam-
quam mures : probably masc. because the populace joined in
the procession. Note how frequently Ganymedes employs simi-
les. — pedes lanatos : ' that's why the gods are so slow in getting
after us.' The sense is, however, obscure. Martial, i. 98, says
of a man who finds it hard to part with his money that he
suffers from cheragra. Porphyrion on Horace, Odes, iii. 2, 31,
pede poena claudo, says hoc proximum est illi quod dicitur decs
iratos pedes lanatos habere.
45. centonarius : a maker of rag covers used in smothering
dangerous fire^s. In the imperial period, ccntonarii, with fahri
and other craftsmen, formed respectable collegia. Centonarius
is the title of a mime of Laberius ; if we supply mimus, we might
compare this with mimus laserpiciarius 35, 15, and understand
that Echion was an actor in a mime in which a cento figured.
— oro melius loquere : parataxis, cf. Introd. p. xli. Donatus
on Ter. Andria 201, bona verba quaeso, says that this is a euphe-
mistic phrase; quasi dicat ^ meliora loquere rogo te' ; the sense is
that of melius ominare. — modo sic, modo sic: 'now it's one
way and now it's another, as the farmer said,' etc. Sam Weller
is famous for similar comparisons ; cf., e.g., * All good feelin',
sir . . . the wery best intentions, as the genlm'n said ven he
run away from his wife, 'cos she seemed unhappy with him,'
replied Mr. Weller ; so deus miserere animabus, dixit Oswald
92 NOTES. CHAP. 45, LINES 4-17.
cadens in terram; see Otto, Sprichioorter, p. xxx. — dici potest:
for the less lively dici posset. — laborat hoc tempore : proba-
bly from financial straits. Municipalities in Hadrian's time
became so involved in debt on account of reckless and extrava-
gant building, that their fiscal management had to be under-
taken by the Roman senate. This may partially explain the
hard times alluded to; cf. also 1. 8 in the following chapter.
-^ caelus : Introd. p. xxxv, C ; the appearance of similar masc.
forms for the neuter, dates early ; Ennius has undantem salem,
fretum omnem; they are also found in inscriptions. — et ecce :
Introd. p. xxxvii, D, 1 ; on excellenie, cf. Introd. p. xxxv, B. Ou
such a festive triduum as is here mentioned, see Friedl. Sitteng. ii.
424. Festa hints not only at the spectaculum, but also at the epu-
lum and the divisiones. — lanisticia . . . liberti : 'no mere training
class, but most of them past masters in the art.' Libertus is the
gladiator who has been rude donatus and reappears in the arena
on his own accord ; this sense of the word is shown by gladiato-
rial inscriptions with the abbreviation lib. or libr.; C.I.L. XTI.
3324 ; VI. 10180. A Pompeian inscription records that after eight
contests a certain gladiator was made libertus. Rich munici-
pales frequently made a present of gladiatorial shows to their
fellow-citizens ; cf. Suet. Tiber. 37 ; Mart. iii. 59 ; Orelli, 2.345.
— caldicerebrius : in the words of Portia, ' his hot temper leaps
o'er a cold decree.' — sine f uga : ' he will give us a fine show of
steel, with good fighting to the death.' — et habet unde : il a de
quoi: cf Ter. Adelph. 122, est unde haecfant. — sestertium tri-
centies : Trim. 71, 45, hopes to leave an estate as large as this;
he had once lost as much by a shipwreck ; in a successful voyage
he had made ten million, and he might have married that much
more; cf. 74, 38; 76, 9 and 18. — quadringenta impendat :
over twenty thousand dollars ; the amount spent on the games
was sometimes enormous. Milo spent so much that the people
deemed him crazy; cf Cic. Ad Quint, frat. iii. 9, 2; Friedl.
Sitteng. ii. 307. — Manios : explained as the debased use of the
praenomen Manius, like the Eng. 'Johnny,' 'Jack,' 'hodge,' or
NOTES. CHAP. 45, LIXES 17-37. 93
the Ger. hdnse. — essedariam : cf. Tac. Annal. xiv. 35, Bouduica,
curru Jilios prae se vehens . . . solitum quidem Brlttanis feminarum
ductu bellare testabatur ; this was 61 a.d. Cf. also Mau-Kelsey,
Pompeii, p. 217, also pp. 213-220, on gladiatorial shows in Pom-
peii. — delectaretur : Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 3. — rixam: in C.I.L.
X. 1948, we have the cry of a dying gladiator, addressed to the
audience: post praemia rixulasque vestras. — ad bestias dedit :
such punishment was regulated by law; Mau-Kelsey, p. 213.
On fighting with wild animals, cf. Mart. ii. 14, 18 (a bull) ; i.
43, 14 (a wild boar). — stratum caedit : 'who cannot beat the
mule, whacks the saddle.' — filicem: 'truck'; contemptuous for
filiam. — coliibra restem ndn parit : the apple does not fall far
from its tree. — dedit suas : 'has fouled his own nest'; suas
refers first to the wife, then to all the women of his household
generally, and thus to the household itself. — stigmam : Introd.
p. XXXV, A, 1. Greek neuters in -a easily became first decl. fem.
in Latin, since the latter had no neuters in -a. — quod . . .
epulum daturus : Introd. p. xliii. Such divisiones and epula as
are here mentioned are abundantly attested by inscriptions ;
cf. the Indices in Wilmanns, Exemp. Inscrip. p. 664; C.I.L. X.
pp. 1181-1183; XIV. p. 596; Plin. Ad Traj. 116 f. — mihi et
meis : these latter are the augustales, who were commonly re-
membered in the divisiones by a gift of two denarii, or the mem-
bers of the collegium centonariorum to which Echion belonged.
— vinciturum : Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 1, possibly a plebeian form
developed in order to distinguish vinco from vivo in the third
stem. The reference is to the next election of duumvirs and
aediles. — bestiarios : at best but poor fighters and not equal to
the venatores. — occidit . . . equites: 'he had mounted fight-
ers kill each other who Were no better than lamp figurines.'
Fighting scenes were frequently represented on the lamps placed
in the graves of gladiators ; lamps have also been found shaped
like a gladiator's helmet. — burdubasta : literally, 'an ass's
burden,' hence, 'a dummy'; probably from burdus = burdo and
*basium, seen in basterna, 'litter.' — tertiarius : 'and the bye [the
94 NOTES. CHAP. 45, LINE 39; CHAP. 46, LINE 11.
contestant who sat waiting to fight the victor of the firs#round]
was as good as dead/ The usual word is supposidcius, as in
C.I.L. IV. 1179, gladiatorum paria XXX et eo{rum) supp{osiiicios)\
Mart. V. 24, 8. Cf. C.G.L. II. 320, 59. — ad dictata : ' by rote ' ;
often the spectators shouted the thrusts and guards (the dictata)
to the fighters, and sometimes to their advantage, as spectators
do at ball games to-day. — ad summam: cf. Introd. p. xl, E, 5;
Hand. Turgellinus, iii. 261. — adhibete : • give it to them ' ;
sc. virgas ferrwnque. This is the cry of impatience from the
audience when the fighting is weak. — fugae merae : 'every one
of them nothing but quitters'; Introd. p. xl, E, 4. — manus
manum lavat : a Greek proverb, a Be x^tp tyjv x^'i^P"- ^^C^'-
46. argutat : Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 3. Agamemnon, being a
man of better manners, had remained quiet, although he could
talk charmingly {qui poles loqui, next line). — fasciae : 'you
don't wear our colors '; don't belong to our set. — pauperorum :
2d decl. forms of pauper occur from the time of Plant, through
the fourth century a.d., in literature and inscriptions; Ronsch,
Itala und Vidgnta, p. 275.— prae literas : cf. 39, 29. — quid ergo
est: cf. 30, 30; 39, 7. — te persuadeam : this construction of
the ace. with persuadeo is found only in Petr. and Apuleius ; cf.
62, 2 ; 44, 5 and 34 ; cf. Drager, Hist. Synt. I. 405. — belle erit :
cf. 42, 19. — dispare pallavit : 'set everything to growing out
of season.' Dispare = dispariter ; N"eue, Formenl. II. 587. Pal-
lavit is explained as a corruption of pulavit used in a causative
sense. Echion felt "how many things by season seasoned are |
to their right praise and true perfection," though the present
times seemed to be out of joint. — cicaro : ' my youngster ' ; so
71, 35 ; Trim., however, has no children. The word is probably
a derivative of endearment, from cicw or ciccum : so Pollio from
Paulus, or MtKKuAtW from /xiKpoq. — quattuor partes : i.e., he
can tell the one-fourth, one-half, three-fourths, of any number
divisible by four ; he knows his table of fours ; cf. also 58, 23 ;
75, 9. — servulum : not really ; he speaks as one who had once
NOTES. CHAP. 46, LINE 14; CHAP. 47, LINE 5. 95
been a servus himself. He means parvulus or puerulus. — dixi
quod : cf. 45, 30, and Gildersleeve-Lodge, Latin Grammar, 525, 7.
— Graeculis calcem impiugit : ' he makes a good foundation in
Greek ' ; this being his mother tongue. He is also pursuing the
study of the universally spoken Latin with fair results. — sibi
placens : ' self-complacent ' ; cf. 44, 30 ; Heraeus, Sprache des
Petron. p. 32. — venit dem literas = venit petens ut tradam quod
littens consignet, since he is employed as a grammalista and lihra-
rius ad manum. — libra rubricata : ' law books.' Llbriim is for
liber; perhaps the Greek neut. jSl/SXlov is in tke speaker's sub-
consciousness. The neuter occurs in glossaries; cf. C.G.L. VI.
640. The scholiast on Persius, 5, 90, says, rubricam vacant
minium quo tituli legum annotabantur ; hence in the Digests, sub
rubrica = sub titulo. — domusionem : 'for home use'; cf. 48, 9.
— tonstreinum : - the barber's trade ' ; strictly, ' the barber's
shop ' ; but the two senses w^ere easily confused. So sutrinum and
textrinum denote either the shop or the trade of the shoemaker
or the weaver, respectively. That we have two concrete words
following is explained by the fact that the words denoting the
respective professions did not exist ; cf. Mart. v. 56, 9, discat
citharoedus, 'learn to become a player'; so Xen. Mem. iv. 4, 5,
eStSa^aro avTov aKVTm. On the dignity of the lawyer's profes-
sion, cf. Friedl. Sitteng. i. 326. — Phileronem : plebeian form
for Philerotem: Introd. p. xxxv, B ; cf. 63, 2. This is, of course,
not the guest named in 43, 1 ; the causidicus is plainly mentioned
as being absent. — Norbanum : cf. 45, 32 ; evidently one of
the most prominent honoratiores and office-seekers of the town.
— thesaurum : this neut. form for thesaurus occurs in church
Latin and in glossaries. " Though learning is a treasure, still a
trade's a good thing."
47. nee medici se inveniunt : ' can't find themselves,' ' are
fazed ' ; a colloquialism of Petr.'s time ; cf Sen. De Benef. v. 12,
and Controvers. iii. praefat. 13, vix se invenient. — taeda ex
96 NOTES. CHAP. 47, LINE 5; CHAP. 48, LINE 5.
aceto : probably not unlike modern Greek resin ated wine in
taste, though probably gummy, since it was also good for tooth-
ache; cf. Plin. Nat. Hist. xxiv. 41. — spero . . . imponet : para-
taxis; Introd. p. xli, F. — putes : Introd. p. xliii, {d). — sua re
facere : ' to consult his welfare '; perhaps comparable with Plaut.
Capt. 296, tua {ex) re feceris. — pudeatur : Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 2.
— continere : cf. Suet. Claud. 32. — lovis : Introd. p. xxxv, B ;
a popular form in early and late Latin. — vetuo : Introd. p. xxxiii,
B, 4 ; as metui comes from metuo, so vetui was popularly referred
to a pres. vetuo ; Heraeus, Sprache des Petr. p. 39. — minutalia :
in apposition with cetera; 'and other things that may be neces-
sary.' What these are is hinted at in an old glossary; cf. C.G.L.
V. 621, 26, = VI. 701 ; Heraeus, Sprache, p. 9. — clivo laborare :
i.e., 'that we had not yet reached the top of the hill'; a Latin
proverb, reappearing in Sen. Epis. xxxi. 4, clivum istum uno,
si potes, spiritu exsupera. — petauristarios : it was a common
thing in Rome to see rope-dancers, fakirs with their trained
animals, Marsian snake-eaters and charmers, surrounded by
crowds (circuli) of spectators ; cf. Mart. i. 41, 7. — fieri :
Introd. p. xl, E, 1; so faciimt, next line. — penthiacum : 'beef
a la mode,' stuck through and through with pork, as Pentheus
was stabbed by the Maenads. That the meat is beef is
shown from 1. 77 of Vespa, Judicium coci, Anthol. Lat. (ed.
Riese) I. p. 169, est et mihi de hove Pentheus. — decuria: when-
ever any division of slaves became numerous, it was divided
into decuriae, supervised by decuriones or monitores. — domi
natus = vernaculus ; so home-raised bees are vernaculae, 38, 7.
48. vinum . . . mutabo : the wine he had served yesterday
was poor ; cf. 34, 23. — bonum faciatis : ' relish ' ; cf. 39, .5. —
ad salivam facit : ' makes your mouth water ' ; so Sen. Epist.
Ixxix, 7, Aetna tibi salivam movet.^ego . . . novi : the pron.
used for contrast, hence not redundant. — Tarraciniensibus :
the epenthesis of i after n due to popular misspelling ; so C.I.L.
NOTES. CHAP. 48, LINES 6-24. 97
«
IV. 128, salinienses ; XT. 1421, amen.ses. — agellis : the diminu-
tive of endearment increases the sense of personal rehition,
interest, or possession ; agellis therefore = meis ipsius agris ;
cf. misella, 63, 8, and audaculum, 63, 12. — Africam : Introd.
p. xxxviii, E, 1 ; so Plant. Poen. 831, quasi Acheruntem veneris.
— declamasti : parataxis ; the impv. is little more than an
interj. For the training of their scholars, rhetoricians had
two kinds of exercises, suasoriae and controversiae ; cf. Friedl.
Sitteng. iii. 389. A number composed by Seneca still survive.
— fastiditum : Introd. p. xxxviJL E, 3. — peristasim : 'the
facts in the case ' ; cf. Liddell & Scott, under v7r60eaL<i and
TrepLO-Taat^, also Quint. Institut. v. 10, 104. — pauper et dives :
a popular theme in controversiae; cf. Sen. Controv. ii. 1; v. 2.
— pollicem porcino extorsit : ' twisted his thumb off for him
after he had been changed into a pig.' Trim, has a shadowy
and very confused recollection of Ulysses' meeting with Poly-
phemus and Circe. In chap. 50 he shows a similarly hopeless
confusion. — apud Homerum : he had done this in the ludus
grammaticus. — nam Sibyllam : ' (and I know a great deal
more than what is found in Homer) for,' etc. ; on the ellipsis,
cf. 38, 9. — SiPvXXa ti Ge'Xeis : Varro names ten sibyls ; this
number indicates that the oracles, comprising the so-called Sibyl-
line books, were gathered from very many sources. That the
Cumaean sibvl was so famed is accounted for bv the fact that
Cumae was settled from Asia Minor, whence the oldest oracles
came. She owes mainly to the Aeneid her prominence in the
art of the Renaissance. Because her oracles are immortal, she
is immortal also, though longing to die ; cf. Propert. ii. 2, 16,
etsi Cumaeae saecula vatis aget ; Mart. ix. 29, 3. In Petr. the
sibyl is conceived as shrivelled up to the size of a grasshopper,
like Tithonus, else she would not be in an ampulla; cf James,
Class. Rev. vi. 74. Portia, in the Merchant of Venice, i. 2,
says, "If I live to be as old as Sibylla, I will die as chaste
as Diana unless I be obtained by the manner of my father's
will." On Cumis, cf Introd. p. xix, n. 7.
98 NOTES. CHAP. 49, LINE 1, TO CHAP. 51, LINE 2.
49. efilaverat : ' he had not yet finished blowing.' The
common sense is 'to expire,' or 'say with one's dying breath';
so Florus, ii. 17, 7 (ed. Jahn), verum est quod moriens Brutus
efflavit. — paulo ante fuerat : the live pig of 47, 32. This is
the third course of the cena proper. — voca ... in medio =
in medium ; cf. the converse fui in funus, 42, .5. — despolia :
'strip him.' The cloak-room in the amphitheatre and the
baths was called spoliarium. — solet fieri : the time-honored
plea of the apologist ; cf. Sen. Controv. ii. 12, 10, nihil peccaverat,
amat meretricem : solet fieri. So Donatus on Ter. Phorm. 245,
quod a precatorihus did solebat, hoc dicit : communia esse, et fieri
posse.
50. automatum : ' surprise ' ; in 54, 15 it means an actual
mechanism involving a surprise. — Gaio : cf. note on C. noster,
30, 12. — Corinthea = Corinthia, but is formed like an adj. of
material. Trim, means that his bronzes are of that lump into
which Corinth with all its metals w' as melted up ; at the same
time the bronze dealer of whom he buys is named Corinth.
The pun is weak and is based on a confusion of Corinth us,
the city, with Corinthus, an aerarius. — statuncula : Iiitrod.
p. xxxvi, C, 2 ; the diminutive of statua is found in all genders ;
the neut. is due to the influence of signum (statue), the general
word with which statuncula would be associated in sense. The
neut. form may also be accounted for by the fact that Greek
diminutives are as a rule neut. Trim, had used Greek from his
boyhood. — certe non olunt : Corinthian bronzes had a peculiar
odor which served as evidence of their genuineness ; cf. Mart.
ix. 59, 11, Consuluit nares an olerent aera Corinthon.
51. Caesarem = ad Caesarem. Such an omission of the prep,
before the name of a person is rare. This Caesar is probably
Tiberius. Plin., Nat. Hist, xxxvi. 195, states that the discov-
ery of a malleable glass was made in his reign, and that the
NOTES. CHAP. 51, LINE 3; CHAP. 52, LINE 5. 99
inventor's factory was destroyed lest such' glass take the place
of the precious metals and cause their decline. He, however,
discredits the story. Dio Cassius, Ivii. 21, tells of an engineer
who righted a porticus which leaned out of the true line, and
was banished, in consequence, as an uncanny wizard. In
pleading before the Emperor to be allowed to return, he
dropped a glass cup, which did not break but was merely
bruised by the fall. He repaired the dent with his fingers and
hoped such skill would win the Emperor's favor. He was,
however, put to death. — fecit se porrigere : 'he made as
though to offer,' — non pote valdius quam = quam valdissime
poterat : 'Caesar was most mightily scared'; literally, '(it was)
not possible (to be) more mightily (scared) than Caesar was.'
— vasum : In trod. p. xxxv. A, 4. — martiolum : ' hammer ' ; cf.
the name of the conqueror at Poitiers, Charles Marlel. Marcus
= 'large hammer'; hence the dimin. jnarculus, martellus. From
these came the second dimin. mai-tiolus ; = Fr. marteau, Sp. )nnr-
tillo. — solium lovis : 'the seventh heaven'; cf. 37, 8; so Hor.
Epist. i. 17, 3-1, res gerere et captos ostendere civihus hostes \ attingit
solium lovis et caelestia tentat. — quia enim : Introd. p. xxxvii,
D, 3. — pro luto : cf. 44, 22.
52, in argento = in argentum ; cf 46, 13. Silver plate is
meant, with which the wealthy Romans loaded their tables ; cf.
Friedl. Sitteng. iii. 122. — scyphos urnales : these were huge;
an urna = about 22 pints. — plus minus C: -a hundred more
or less.' This asyndeton is found in glosses, cf. C.G.L. VI.
under fei-yne and circiter ; also in inscriptions (C.I.L. III. 3980)
and in literature ; cf. Stat. Silv. iv. 9, 22, emptum plus minus
asse Caiano. — Cassandra: '(and one I prize very highly
which has the scene showing) how,' etc.; Medea is of course
meant. — mortui . . . vivere : this is up to the level of Trim. 's
punning ; on the lifelikeness, cf Ov. JMetam. x. 250. virginis est
verae fades ut vivere credas. — ubi Daedalus Niobam: '(and
on one is shown the scene) where,' etc. : he probably means the
100 NOTES. CHAP. 52, LINE 6; CHAP. 53, LINE 2.
thrusting of Pasiphae into the wooden cow. Mummius may
possibly have been suggested to the befuddled mind of Trim,
by the allusions above to Corinthian bronze, though he is now
talking about silverware. — nam Hermerotis : cf. nam, 38, 9 ;
on this combination of mythological and gladiatorial scenes, cf.
29, 21. Pompeian graffiti have been found referring to gladia-
tors and giving the names Prudes and Tetraites. These same
names have been found in gladiatorial scenes on old Roman
glass vessels found in other parts of Europe, with a variant
Petrahes or Petraeites. — meum intelligere : 'my knowledge';
so Pers. 1, 122, ?ioc ridere meum; cf. Conington's note, and
Wolfflin, Archiv, iii. 75. — tamquam ego tibi : the idea being,
' you are your own enemy.' — tandem ergo : the breaks in the
lines give some suggestion of how greatly the original has
been condensed by the epitomator. — cordacem . . . ducit =
KopSaKa €Xkv€lv: for a woman this was of course extremely
indecent. Dancing at any time, excepting on the stage and at
religious ceremonies, was offensive to the Roman ; hence Cic,
Pro Mur. 6, says nemo fere saltat sohrius, nisi forte insanit. —
madeia, perimadeia: Trim, himself goes through this genuine
tarantella, while the slaves keep time with the refrain, which
seems to mean ' (well done) by Zeus, oh yea by Zeus.' The
words are possibly Greek, /xa Ata Trepl fxa Ata, and from some
song of a dithyrambic character. Trim, intends a pantomimic
performance, acting out the text, and the slaves taking the part
of the chorus and singing the text. That it is in Greek is not
surprising ; such pantomimic texts were frequently heard even
on the Roman stage; Harpers' Diet. Class. Antiq., p. 1168.
53. urbis acta : possibly in imitation of the journals of the
imperial house (^ephemerides ; cf. Suet. Aug. c. 64) or of the acta
urbis Romae. It was, however, a necessity that Trim, as master
of a large property should have regular reports made, whether
he imitates the imperial custom or not. — VII, Kal. Sex. : the
date up to which the report for the first six months of the pre-
NOTES. CHAP. 53, LINE 10; CHAP. 5'4, LINE 1. lOl
ceding year is brought. It has been deliayed ' dnri'ng July ih'
preparation, and is now read fully six months after being made
up. There has been a still longer delay in submitting the
ledger account, rationes, containing inter alia his purchase of
Pompeian gardens. So vast are Trim.'s transactions that the
actuai-ius does not hesitate to say it is hardly time to expect a
report on what he claims is so recent a matter. To Trim, it
does not seem so ; hence excanduit below. — Pompeiauis : since
Trim's gentile name is Pompeius, derived from his last owner,
these horti may have belonged to this last owner until bought
or inherited by Trim., and may thus derive their name ; it is
possible, however, that they lay near Pompeii, and the name is
thus derived. — cum elogio exheredabatur : ' disinherited
with honorable mention.' It was onlv by the courtesv of the
master that a slave could make a will. Masters usually in-
herited something from the libertus, whether by will or not,
unless they had given a release lihertatis causa during the life of
the libertus. — baro : here and in 63, 17, ' an athlete ' ; it is the
Eng. 'baron.' It is explained as meaning lit. a man corpora
robore ferox, or corporis robore stolide ferox. It then passes over
into the sense of proceres, ' vassals,' in which it is employed in
documents of Charles the Bald, 8.50 a.d. — odaria saltare :
' to give a song-and-dance performance ' ; like the old Latin
Atellanae or a modern vaudeville number. Ovid in his exile
was pleased to know that his poems were often " danced " in
the theatre and received with applause. Tristia, ii. 519. —
nam: cf. 52, 6. — Atellaniam facers: this would be employ-
ing a first-rate troupe for second-rate shows. Good plays, in
Trim.'s time, were not sufficiently attractive and well patronized
to hold their place on the stage. The public taste was low.
Cf. Friedl. Sitteng. ii. 443.
54. haec dicente Gaio : 'just at the moment Gains was
thus speaking the boy fell from above (upon the shoulder) of
Trimalchio.' Gaio is plainly corrupt if it refers to Trim., for
o c " f r
102 NOTES. CHAP. 54, LINE 3; CHAP. 55, LINE 15.
the name immediately follows by which Encolpiiis always men-
tions him. — hominem tarn putidum : ' so disagreeable a being ' ;
the boy, not Trim. ; cf. 34, 15. In 73, 7, however, Encolpius
speaks of Trim.'s iactatio as putidissima. — alienum mortuum :
* have somebody's funeral on their hands ' ; the expression
seems part of a proverb. — nam: cf. nam, 52, 6. — pessime
erat : ' I had a very uncomfortable feeling ' ; cf. Introd. p.
xxxvii, C. — catastropha : ' a stage trick ' ; the w^ord occurs
only in Petron. and maybe a theatrical term; cf. Collignon,
Etude sur Petrone, p. 276.
55. In praecipiti : ' how sudden a shift there is in human
affairs.' The phrase is used with reference to the headlong
descent of the tumbler. Cf, however, Juv. 1, 147, omne in prae-
cipiti vitium stetit, which shows that the phrase has also a
general sense. — ita : ' really ' ; frequent in this sense at the be-
ginning of a sentence ; cf. 75, 12. — ex transverse: ' the un-
expected always happens ' ; so Plaut. Trin. 361 ; multa eveniunt
homini, quae volt, quae nevolt. Cf. with the epigram in 34, 30,
on the pentameter preceded by two hexameters. — Mopsum
Thracem : this poet belongs in the same category with the
Trojan Hannibal. The epitomator seems to have put the entire
account of the poetarum mentio into a single condensed sentence
of his own. — On Publilius [Syrus], cf Teuffel, Hist. Rom.
Lit., § 212, 3. The following lines are generally considered to
be an imitation by Trim, in the style of the poet. Ribbeck,
however, prints them among the fragments of Publilius in his
Scaen. Roman. Poesis Frag., II. 303. Publilius was chiefly an
actor and improvisatore, hence only stage copies of his plays
were in circulation. Of his plays we have only the names of
two. The metre which follows is the ^enariu^ ; Gildersleeve-
Lodge, Latin Grammar, 761. The poem is of such marked vigor
and excellence in choice of words and in alliteration that it
reveals the skill of the actual Petronius behind his dummy
Trimalchio. — tuo palato : ' is cooped up and raised for thy
NOTES. CHAP. 65, LINE 19; CHAP. 56, LINE 18. 103
palate, clad in its plumage of royal gold.' The Xumidian
pheasant is the afra avis of Hor. Epod. ii. 53. — pietaticultrix :
'haunter of temples.' — Titulus : ' harbinger of spring.' On the
stork as a bird for the table, cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 2, 49, tutus erat
rhombus tutoque ciconia nido. Here, however, it finds its final
nest in the stewing-kettle of a luxurious bon-viuant. — bacam
Indicam : sc. optas from below. Horace, Sat. ii. 3, 239, also
calls the pearl a baca — phaleris : pearls, corals, and precious
stones are conceived of as the ' trappings ' of luxury. — Carche-
donios : ' why dost thou covet the flash of oriental stones.*
Pliny writes in his Nat. Hist, xxxvii. 92, carbunculi a simili-
tudine ignium appellati. Horum genera Indici et Garamaniici^
quos et Carchedonios vocavere propter opulentiam Carthaginis
magnae.
56. medicum et nummularium : concrete words for ab-
stract names of the professions ; so 46, 26. — anatinum ; like
goose-grease, it may have been good for colds. Cato, according
to Plut. Cat. Mai. 23, 6, frequently dosed his household with
duck's and hare's meat. — aes videt : the denarius had been
debased in Xero's time ; Mart. xii. 57, 8, hinc otiosus sordidam
quatit mensam Neroniana nummularius massa. — nam mutae :
' (but not men alone lead toilsome lives) for the dumb,' etc. —
illae : cf. Introd. p. xxxvi, B. — ibi et acidum : ' every sweet has
its sour ' ; cf. Plant. Pseud. 63 ; Juv. 6, 181 (voluptas) plus aloes
quam mellis habet. — pittacia : the boy read what was upon the
cards, and gave each guest the corresponding apophoretum, which
was determined in each instance by a word-pun. This was a
popular diversion as early as the time of Augustus and is not
yet out of vogue ; cf. Friedl., Introd. to Mart. Apophoreta, and
ApopJi. xiii. 5. — argentum sceleratum : ' a silvered (s)ham ' : a
trinket resembling a ham {(TKeXL<i = ' leg ') is brought ; the pun is
on scEL-eratum. Corresponding to ar^re/i^um are silver acetabula;
cf. Heraeus, Sprache Petr., p. 12. — o21a collaris ; ' a piece of
meat off the neck.' — serisapia : this being word-punning,
104 NOTES. CHAP. 56, LINE 20; CHAP. 57, LINE 12.
where the joke depends on the sound of the words, nothing is
effected by translation. Seri + sapia = xero + phagi ; seri and
xero sound alike, while sapio (' to taste ') suggests the Greek
root phag, ' to eat.' Contu + melia = contus (cuiii) melo. Note
that malum, ' apple,' could be pronounced melum, and that all
the romance derivatives show the e ; Archiv Lat. Lex. iii. 528;
vi. 438. — porri : this is the porrwn sectile (Friedl. ; Mart. iii.
47, 8); sectile is from seco ; Jlagello secare is a common phrase;
thus it is that porri suggests Jiagellum ; as joer-siCA does cultrum.
— canale : the sound suggests canis ; the sense of the latter sug-
gests lepus. Pedale suggests the sandal (solea) and this the fish
solea; cf. Plant. Cas. 495; Heraeus, Sprache, p. 13. — sexcenta :
' thousands of others of this sort.' Indef. numeral.
57. discumbebat : this is the guest who explained the
'Carpe' pun; 36, 16; from 59, 2 it is seen that his name is
Hermeros. — vervex : a common term of reproach ; so Plant.
Merc. 567, Itane vero, verbex? intro eas ? cf. Juv. 10, 50, Verve-
cum in patria. These two chapters, in which Hermeros does
some severe scolding, are full of "bad names." — domini mei :
like ' boss ' or ' old man,' used by certain kinds of people to-day
in addressing or alluding to their superiors; cf. Friedl. Sitteng.
i. 443, Uber den Gehrauch der Anrede '•^domine" im gemeinen
Lehen. — tutelam . . . propitiam : 'so help me Heaven;' cf
44, 34, and 75, 6; In trod. p. xxxix, D, 2; the threatening lan-
guage continues to the end of the following chapter. On propi-
tiam, cf Wilmanns, Exemp. Inscrip., nos. 251 and 252. Tutela. =
genius ; cf 74, 36 and note on 37, 6. — cluxissem : ' shut off
his blatting nonsense' : pleb. for clusissem (= clausissejn), s and
x being interchangeable, as in serisapia = xerophagi, 56, 18. —
bellum pomum : sarcasm is added to vituperation and threats.
Rideatur ; Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 3. Neue, Formenlehre, II. 86. —
ad summam : here, as in chap. 37, where Hermeros was the
speaker, ad summam is a favorite phrase. So quid si non with
Seleucus, chap. 42 ; itaque with Ganymedes, chap. 44. — vermes
NOTES. CHAP. 57, LINES ia-26. 105
nascuntur : 'under proper conditions anything will happen.*
On the speaker's ferocious temper, cf. 58, 12. — fetum . . .
lamna : ' did his father have to buy his precious kid with
money? ' On lamna = ' money,' cf. Mart. ix. 22, 6, aurea lamna ;
so Hor. Od. ii. 2, 2; cf. lamellulas, below, 1. 30 and 58, 25. —
eques Romanus : he had seen the gold rings on Ascyltus's
finger : in 58, 33 he contemptuously calls them annulos huxeos.
— homo inter homines: cf 39, 9 and Suet. Nero, 31, quasi
hominem habitare, where homo implies the dignity of manhood.
Hermeros probably had royal blood in his veins, if, like Trim.,
he came from the Orient. To make his way in the world, he
sells himself into slavery at Kome and thus being attached to
to some influential Roman, he becomes at last a libertus, a civis
Romanus. To have remained at home in the conquered prov-
ince would have subjected him, as a tributarius. to the degrading
poll-tax, as it was levied throughout Egypt, Judea, and Persia.
As a slave, he had to do many things operto capite, now he can
walk anyw^here aperto capite and feel no shame. — redde quod
debes : he does not owe a red copper to anybody ; he has
never had a summons served on him; cf. Ovid, Ars Am. iii.
449, redde meum, toto voce boanti foro: so Sen. De Ben. iii. 14,
aequissima vox est, ius gentium prae se ferens, redde quod debes ;
St. Matt, xviii. 28, ' pay me that thou owest.' — ventres pasco:
having got a little cash on hand, he keeps up a goodly estab-
lishment; cf. Sen. Epis. 17,3, facile est pascere paucos ventres. —
sevir gratis: 'I was made commissioner of the Augustates with
rebate of fees.' Sevir and seviratus occur outside of Petronius
only in inscriptions, as in C.I.L. II. 1934. Cf Wilmanns, Indices.
On the functions of these men, cf note on 30, 8. — peduclum :
cf the circumstance which prompted Burns to write :
" O wad some power the giftie gie us
To see oursels as ithers see us ;
It wad frae mony a blunder free us an' foolish notion.
What airs in dress an' gait wad lea'e us an' ev'n devotion."
106 NOTES. CHAP. 57, LINE 27; CHAP. 58, LINE 4.
YoY pediculum, whence Ital. pidocchio ; Span, piojo. Cic. writes,
Tusc. iii. 30, 73, est eiiim proprium stultitiae aliorum vitia cernere,
ohlivisci suorum. — ridiclei : Introd. p. xxxiii, B, 3. — maior
natus : Gildersleeve-Lodge, 296, 5; the usual numeral is
omitted. — lacticulosus : ^ a mamma's pet, you dare not say-
boo, you're cracked.' More scolding. On the form, cf. such
formations as somniculosus, meticulosus. With mu argutas, cf.
Lucilius (ed. Lachmann), 1138, non laudare hominem quenquam
nee mu facere unquam. In i. 6, 7, Propert. has the active, ilia
mihi tods argutat noctibus ignes. On lorus in aqua, cf. Mart. vii.
58, 3, madidoque simillima loro inguina. On vasus fctilis, cf.
Cic. Ad. Att. vi. 1, 13, vasis fictilibus. — iidem meaiu malo :
repeats 11. 19 and 20 ; the challenge is repeated in 58, 29.
— puer capillatus : so Ganymedes of himself, 44, 9 and 12,
and Trim, of himself, 75, 24. — basilica non erat facta : Introd.
p. XX, n. — maiiesto et dignitosso : 'majestful and dignifer-
ous ' ; a labored pompousness ; on the formation of dignitosso,
cf. succossi, 38, 13. Adj. in -osus from nouns in -ias are rare. —
hac iliac : asyndeton as in minus plus, 52, 2 ; cf. Ter. Heaut.
512. — genio illius gratias : 'thanks to his honor' ; cf. 37, 6. —
athla = perlcula : note the large number of Greek words and
forms which Hermeros employs in this and the following
chapter.
58. Qui ad pedes stabat: as pedisequus ; cf 26, 10; Giton
played the part not unwillingly ; he is the deliciae of Ascyltus.
It may, indeed, be that the Satirae was a love tale after the Mile-
sian style, with Giton taking the place of the usual heroine.
On the pedisequus, cf. Sent. Calig. 26, and Senec. De Benef. iii. 27,
1, servus qui cenanti ad pedes steterat; so Mart. xii. 87, and iii.
23. — caepa cirrata: 'you frizzled onion'; he was a curly-
headed youngster; hence below, 1. 18, 'those cheap baby locks.'
In Pers. i. 29, cirrati — ' schoolboys ' ; cf. Mart. ix. 29, 7, cirrata
caterva magistri. Again more scolding, sarcasm, bragging, and
NOTES. CHAP. 58, LINES 5-20. 107
threats. — io Saturnalia: 'merry Christmas!' This, of course,
is more sarcasm. Cf. C.I.L. IV. 2005% with facsimile, reading
Saturnina \ Io Saturnalia; and Mart. xi. 2, 5, clamant ecce mei
' Io Saturnalia ' versus | et licet et sub te praeside, Nerva, lihet. —
December est: cf. 30, 11. — vicesimam: the payment of 5%
of the slave's value, to be made by him or his master at manu-
mission. In 71, 6, Trim, promises a slave his liberty with a
present of the vicesima. — corvorum cibaria : cf. Hor. Epist. i.
16, 48; Sat. i, 3, 82; ii. 7, 47. — curabo : ut is regularly omitted
after euro in the Serm. Pleb. in the Cena; so in Cic. Ad fam.
ii. 8, 1; Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 38. — satur fiam: 'may I starve if I'm
not keeping cool just to oblige Trim.' — depresentiarum ; 'on
the spot'; cf 74, 44. The word belongs to the Sermo Pleb.;
for the usual impraesentiarum. We have this same plebeian
word in the Vulgate, Gen. 1. 20 ; Levit. viii. 34, = ' as it is
this day,' 'as he hath done this day,' — isti nugae : sc. sunt,
' they are a poor lot.' So Cic. says of Pompey, that his friends
are merae nugae : Ad A it. vi. 3, 5. — qualis dominus • a Greek
proverb, ounrep r) hicnvotva, rota ■)(r] kvwv. Cic. gives the first part
in Ad Att. v. 11, 5. — caldicerebrius : cf, however, 57, 3 and
11. — in publicum: Introd. p. xxxviii, E, 3. — terrae tuber:
'toad-stool.' In southern Italy they still call a dullard tar-tufulo.
From this comes the Eng. 'truffles.' — nee sursum nee deor-
sum: 'I don't grow {i.e., may I not grow^) another inch up or
down,' etc. The redundant neg., and the inappropriateness of
deorsum, betray the hot anger of Hermeros. On the use of
sursum and deorsum together, cf. Ter. Eun. 278, ne sursum deor-
sum cursites. — rutae folium: cf note on 37, 19. — parsero :
Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 1, and Neue, Formenl. II. 368. Plant, prefers
this form of the perfect stem. — longe sit comula: so Caes.
Bell. Gall. i. 36, si id nan fecissent, longe iis fraternum nomen
pop. Rom. afuturum. — venies sub dentem : 'yes, yes, I'll chew
you up.' So Gellius, Noc. Att. vi. 9, 4, in quoting Laberius,
sitnvJ sub dentes mulieris veni bis, ter momordit. — barbam auream :
'though you be one of the gilded gods.' This interpretation is
108 NOTES. CHAP. 58, LINES 21-28.
confirmed by Persiiis, 2, 58 ; Cic, Nat. Deor. iii. 34, says that
Dionysius Aesculupii Epidaurii barbam nuream demi iussit, since
it was not right for the son (Aesculapius) to have a beard when
the father was beardless in all his temples. — te XrjptiiSrj fecit :
* who (by his neglect) has made a babbler out of you.' This hits
Ascyltos and the remainder of Hermeros's scolding is directed
at him. — alogias menias : 'senseless follies.' — lapidarias lit-
eras : ' I can read capital letters on the stones.' Books, in
uncials or cursives, would be beyond him. The lapidary, or
stone cutter, is an opifex quadratarius ; hence his letters are
litterae quadratae. Hiibner, Exemp. Inscrip. p. xxiii, where this
passage is cited. — partes centum dico: 'I can give the hun-
dredth of any sum in asses, pounds, and sesterces.' He believes
he has elementary knowledge enough for practical business.
Like kings and nobles of mediaeval times, he leaves writing
and polite reading to men of books. The subdivision of the as
is important, since interest was probably indicated in terms of
the as, both it and the year being duodecimally divided. As a
man, he is naturally further advanced than Echion's son, 46, 10,
who quatuor partes dicit, or Trim.'s slave, 75, 9, qui decern partes
dicit, though this latter librum ab oculo legit. — ego et tu : sc.
faciamus. Hermeros wishes to bet that he can rout all of
Ascyltos's learning by a single question in the form of a riddle.
— qui de nobis longe venio : 'who of us am I who go far and
wide? Guess me if you can. I'll add more: who of us runs and
leaves not his place? who of us grows and yet becomes small?'
Biich. calls these three questions aenigmata de pede., oculo, capillo.
Friedl. quotes a doubtful and labored solution, taken from spin-
ning and weaving. The last two questions are a dialogue be-
tween the wool and the spindle, this latter continually spinning
on its axis, while the former is ever diminished on the distaff
and increased on the spindle. The first question has to do with
weaving single-colored cloths, the rhythm of the machine sug-
gesting that of the words. The same kind of yarn would be
used for woof and web. Thus the thread in the one says to
NOTES. CHAP. 58, LINE 31; CHAP. 59, LINE 5. 109
that in the other, "I come long (m the web), T come wide (in
the woof), now take me off the machine." Pkitarch, Quaest.
Conviv. V. pref. 5., says that <f)opTLKol kol d^iAoAoyot indulge
in this form of amusement at table ; yet Trim., 39, 8, took it
to be ' philology.' — tanquam mus in matella : utter helpless-
ness ; so Plaut. Casin. 140, turn tu furcifer \ quasi mus in medio
pariete vorsahere. — molestare : rare even in church Latin, and
found in glosses only as a translation of evoxAeco. — qui te ua-
tum non putat: 'who isn't conscious of your existence.' Mart,
has this proverbial phrase in x. 27, Nemo tamen natum te, Dio-
dore, putat; viii. 64, Natum te, Clyte, nee semel putabo. So Sen.
Apocolocyntosis, 3, 2, nemo enim unquam ilium natum putavit.
Aristophanes, Wasps, 558, 05 l/x' ov8' av ^tuvr' vySetv. — nisi si:
of. note on 57, 14. — Occuponem : 'holy profit ! ' This is one of
those popular deities {indigitamenta), which Roman religion
could and did easily create, a help in trade and commerce,
whose presence and power were felt the more closely, as their
spheres became more specific. They were appealed to therefore
with all the greater faith. On the form of the name, cf. Incuho,
38, 16 and Cerdo, 60, 28. — hoc ferrum : Hermeros raises his
hand and flaunts his iron ring in the face of Ascyltus who, as a
Roman eques, wore a gold ring. He harps again, as above in 57,
19, on his business success and soundness. — ut populus iuret :
' that people will swear by my funeral as the model one.' Cf.
the wish of Trim, in 78, 5. — toga perversa: -with your toga
all about your ears,' i.e., in wild disorder. — maiorem maledi-
cas : Introd. p. xxxvi, A. — mera mapalia : ' and their studies
are simple nonsense.' See Critical Appendix.
59. Suaviter sit potius : ' let's have things pleasant.' Cf.
75, 17; the combination suaviter esse occm's in early Lat. and
occasionally in inscriptions. — adulescentulo : Ascyltus. — san-
guen . . . fervet : cf. 57, 11. The form sanguen occurs in
early and in patristic Lat. ; Neue, Formenl. I. p. 243 ; Ronsch,
Itala, p. 272. — qui vincitur . . . vincit : so Publilius, 398
110 NOTES. CHAP. 59, LINES 6-23.
(ed. Ribbeck), non vincitur sed vine It qui cedit suis ; Ovid, Art.
Am. ii. 197, cedendo victor abibis. Cf. Otto, Sprichworter, p.
371. — cocococo : the word expresses the rooster's crow; sc.
faciebas. The common verb is cucurro. — cor non habebas :
cor = judgment ; so Plant. Pseud. 769, tiunc corde consjAcio meo.
The double use of et tu shows that Trim, is acting as peace- ^
maker. He says, "you, H., spare the young fellow, and thus
be the victor; as for you (Asc.) when you were an innocent
chick you crowed well," etc. — Homeristas : found but once
elsewhere. It appears in glosses among words pertaining to
the theatre ; these persons are therefore presumably actors, not
mere reciters, who give scenes in costume from Homer. — The
prelude hastis scuta cuncrepuit, suggests Iliad, iv. 447 ff.,
(TjJv p €^a\ov pivoi/s aiiv 5' e7xea Kal fj.4v€ avbpdv
Xa^iceodujpi^Kuv, drap dcTTrides oixcpakbecrcTat
eir\T]VT' dWrjXrjai, iroXiis 5' dpvp.aydbs opcbpeiu.
So Livy, xxvii. 29, Exercitus gladiis ad scuta concrepuit. —
consedit : 'sat up.' — at insolenter solent : the paronomasia
produces a pun ; Cic. seems to attempt the same in De Tnven-
tione, i. 28, 43, natura eius evenire vulgo soleat an insolenter et
vara. What Trim, intoned from his Lat. book, as the Homer-
istae prepared for their performance, may have been some
parody upon a scene in the Trojan cycle ; possibly it is the
insanity of Ajax, which he is producing in the jumbled account
that follows. — lance ducenaria : ' a dish weighing 200 pounds,'
= 64.4 kilograms. The weight was engraved upon it, as
upon the lances in 31, 22. Plin. gives an account, in Nat. Hist.
xxxiii. 139-150, of the development of the use of silver service
in the last century of the Republic. The boiled pig, served
upon this lanx, is the principal part of the fourth course of the
cena proper. The cakes in 60, 12 also belong to it. — versa . . .
supina : these either agree with manu to be supplied, or are
ace. of the inner obj. with gesticulatus. The sense is, 'hacking
this way and that.'
NOTES. CHAP. 60, LIXES 1-20. Ill
60. strophas : ' such elegant surprises.' These continue the
methodium of 36, 10 and the catastropha of 54, 12. Sen., in
Epist. xxvi. 5, speaks of the day -when, remotis strophis ac fucis,
de me iudicaturus sum. The word is commonly plii. ; but Plin.,
Epist. i. 18, and Mart., xi. 7, 4, use the sing. — lacunaria : Vale-
rius Maximus, ix. 1, 5, also writes of movable panels in describ-
ing the dinner of Metullus Pius : demissasque lacunaribus aureas
coronas. Even in the Middle Ages ceilings were constructed
with movable panels. — descenderet : with reference to 54, 2.
— novi de caelo : like a deus ex machina. The spreading of
the ceiling had probably opened the dark sky to their gaze. —
coronae . . . cum alabastris : though wine was drunk durinfj
the eating, real drinking began with the mensa secunda, now
about to be ushered in, or later, in the so-called comissatio graeco
more, during which crowns and ointment, which figure in early
comedy, were distributed. Cf. Nep. Ages, viii., unguenta coro-
nas secundamque mensam servis dispertiit : Hor. Od. ii. 11. 14.
Mart., X. 19, 20, wants his poems read cum regnant rosa, cum
madent capilli. Cf. below 65, 17. — Priapus : the god here
shares the same artistic purpose to which the goddess Flora is
put; cf. Baumeister, Denkm. Klass. Alt. p. 1108. Both are
patrons of gardens and protectors of fruits. — pompam : 'we
snatched too eagerly at the charming display.' So Plaut., Capt.
769 ff. and Stick. 683, uses this word of the tempting array
of good things to eat. Cf. Mart. x. 31,3. — nova ludorum
missio : a phrase playfully borrowed from the amphitheatre ;
'a new event on the programme.' — vexatione : 'pressure';
so Ov. Amor. i. 14. heu male vexatae quanta tulere comae; cf
Mart. xi. 89, 2. — religiose apparatu : toward the end of the
Republic, oriental trade had introduced Asiatic spices into
Rome, and these gradually took the place, in sacrifices, of the
old and simple offerings of milk and wine and first fruits of
cattle and land. — Augusto . . . feliciter : this has its coun-
terpart in the modern ceremony at banquets of standing and
drinking in silence to the health, or in memory, of some dis-
tinguished person. It is the veneratio genii Augusti, a ceremony
112 NOTES. CHAP. 60, LINES 23-30.
which developed out of his deification. It grew to be a custom
to place the image of his genius beside the lares conipitales, to
observe his birthday as a holiday, and to take one's solemn
oath by his genius. Roscher, Myth. Lex. i. p. 1617 ; Baumeister,
i. p. 593; Preller, Rom. Myth. p. 571. The ceremony commonly
came during the mensa secunda and with the worship of the
lares, as here in Petr., though he places both acts during the
mensa prima, which continues until the end of chap. 67. Cf.
Hor. Od. iv. 5, 31, hinc ad vina red it laetus et alteris \ te mensis
adhihet deum, . . . laribus tuum \_Augusti] miscet numen. Since
Tiberius refused to be styled pater patriae, the Augustus here
referred to must be Claudius or Nero. Introd. p. xx. — mappas
implevimus : mappae were employed not only as napkins, but
as wrappers in which to tie up and take home the tidbits and
gifts received at a dinner as apophoreta. Guests, therefore,
frequently provided their own mappae. Cf. Hor. Epis. i. 5, 21 ;
Mart. xii. 29, 21 and viii. 59, 7. — succincti tunicas : on the
construction; cf. Verg. Aen. ii. 511, ferrum inutile \ cingitur.
— Lares bullatos : images of the household gods with amulets
about their necks. Bullatos is a participial adj. in -atus like
prasinatus, 28, 18, ruhricatus, 46, 22. The old name of the
first line of the legionary maniple (hastati) shows how thor-
oughly Latin such adjectives are. For a lar hullatus, engraved
upon the side of an altar found at Caere, see Baumeister, p. 76,
under amulet. — Cerdonem . . . Felicionem . . . Lucrionem :
' Business, Luck, Gain.' These are Trim.'s three guardian
angels and very close to him in all his concerns, as Occupo is to
Hermeros; cf. 58, 33 and the note. — verani imaginem : cf
Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, pp. 262-267 and the illustrations, pp. 263
and 265. Placing the lares upon the table together with the
image of Trim, indicates that the mensa prima is at an end ; the
ceremony created a pause, during which there was silence while
an offering was made, of which the salsa mola formed part.
This was the ancient rite at formal dining; a prayer was also
made, both at the beginning and end of the mensa prima.
NOTES. CHAP. 61, LINES 1-22. 113
61. bonam valitudinem : this is the prayer in connection
with the worship of the la7'es, with which the mensa prima should
end. That it does not do so until chap. 68, is due to the stories
which now follow and the unceremonious entrance of Habinnas.
Pi-ayers for good health of mind and body were frequent. Cf.
Petr. chap. 88; Sen. Epis. x. 4; so Juv. 10, 356; mens sana in
corpore sano. Hor. Od. i. 31, 17-19. — suavius esse : 'you used
to be better dinner company.' Repeated in 64, 7 ; cf. 42, 19. —
muttis : generally, as here, modified by a neg., and used of
human sounds ; so in Ennius, Plant., and Terence. In the Vul-
gate it is used of dogs. — sic felicem me videas: 'if you want
to see me happy.' "The favor is asked in the name of that
which the grantor of the favor would most desire." Cf. Ovid,
Amoves, iii. 6, 20 (sic aeternus eas) lahere Jine tuo ; so Verg. Eel.
ix. 30, and x. 4; Hor. Od. i. 3, 1. — dissilio : the commoner verb
in this usage is rumpi or Jindi; cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 314, and Suet.
Nero. 41. — viderint: 'let that be their lookout;' cf. 62, 34.
— haec ubi dicta dedit: a stock phrase found as early as
Lucilius (cf. ed. Miiller, p. 3), haec uhi dicta dedit. pausam facit
ore loquendi ; so Verg. Aen. i. 81, and ii. 790. — quomodo dii
volunt : so 76. 2. This was the common reply to the question,
quomodo res tuae? omnia bene? — bacciballum : 'a most plump
and lovable girl.' The word is of uncertain derivate and mean-
ing, 'ad plenam et rotundam formam spectans ' (Blich.). It
may be connected, in derivation, with bacca, or with sarabcdlum,
a vase with a good round and broad bottom. — fefellitus sum:
this form of the participle may be due to Greek influence, being
analogous with the Greek perf. pass. part, in its reduplication.
It is probably because Greek diminutives are neut. that statun-
culum is used in 50, 17, for the fem. form. — per scutum . . .
ocream : 'I tried by hook and by crook.' A gladiatorial phrase.
Cf Sen. Ques. Natur. 4, praef. 5, per ornamenta feriet, and Epist.
xiv. 15, per ornamenta percussus est. — aginavi : found only here
and in glossaries ; cf. Heraeus, Sprache, p. 14. It is a denom. from
agina, 'the beam of a balance,"' or 'the balance' itself. Hence
11 J: NOTES. CHAP. 61, LINE 23; CHAP. 62, LINE 7.
the verb would refer originally to the bustling activity of the
retail dealer continually weighing out things, cf. Heraeus ; or to
the quivering of the balance beam in coming to equilibrium, cf.
Hayley, in Harvard Classical Stud. vii. p. 217. The word then
comes to mean ' to hasten,' festinare, BuxTrpdaao/xaL, meanings
clearly recognized by Du Cange and given in th^ glossaries, as
quoted by both Heraeus and Hayley. — in angustiis amici: so
Eurip. Hec. 1226, iv to'l<; KaKoTs yap aya^ot cra^ecrraTot <^tAot;
cf. Cic. De amic. xvii. 64 (quoting Ennius), amicus certus in re
incerta cernitur.
62. scruta scita expedienda: 'to despatch some small
business of his.' The noun is rare ; it occurs in Lucilius, p. 142,
1. 77 (Ribbeck), scruta . . . ut vendat scrutarius laudat; so Hor.
Epist. i. 7, 65, villa vendentem tunicato scruta popello. — Orcus :
'hell.' Cf. Solomon's Song, viii. 6, 'for love is strong as death.'
— apoculamus : 'we hasten forth.' This word appears only
here and in 67, 5; its derivative and meaning are uncertain.
Can it be d privative + poculum, analogous to drt/aaco, and =
'we push our cups from us'? This derivative w^ould suit both
passages in which the word appears. Biich. takes it from ciTro-
KaXelv, the syllable -cul- being explained as epenthetical, as in
nomen-cul-ator, from calare. Its first use would be seen in such
a sentence as dominus apoculat servum, = 'calls off (to himself).'
From this would then be developed servus se apoculat, ' the slave
answers the call.' Forcellini (see Class. Rev. vi. p. 117) suggests
(XTroKvAteiv, ^ to bowl off,' ' roll away ' as the source of this word.
— gallicinia: cf. Hor. Sat. i. 1, 10, sub galli cantu. — intra moni-
menta : the streets leading from any large town were generally
lined on both sides with monuments of the dead. Hence the
oft-recurring words in epitaphs, ' Stay, traveller, as you pass by.'
Cf 71, 46, and the note on the same. On the asyndeton, cf.
Introd. p. xlii, G, 2. — homo meus : so below, 1. 31, mens miles;
cf. Phaedr. v. 7, 32, homo meus; Juv. 13, 244, noster per /id us,
Theoc. xiv. 30, tov ifxbv Avkov. — ad stelas facere : ' made for
NOTES. CHAP. 62, LINES 7-32. 115
the tombstones.' On facio in this sense, cf. Ter, Phorm. 635,
haec hinc facessat, and the schol. pro '■hinc se facial' id est
abeat, ut ^huc se facial* hue accedat significat. — cantabundus :
the only adj. of this formation in Petr., nor does this word
occur elsewhere. Adj. in -bundus are found not only in comedy
but among the best w^riters, especially Livy ; cf. Cooper, Word
Formalion, p. 92. — anima in naso esse: 'my heart was in my
mouth.' So in Greek, ' KpaStrj 8e pivo? a;^ts | ave/Saive,' quoted
by Otto, Sprichw. p. 238. — donee . . . pervenirem : the only
instance of the subjunc. with donee in Petr. — larua : cf 44, 10.
— animam ebullivi : cf 42, 6. — per bifurcum : 'down my
crotch.' The lex., agreeing with Forcellini's seu polius per in-
feriorem maxillarum partem ad gulam, renders ' over the cheeks
down to the neck.' — oculi mortui : ' my eyes were shut ' ; i.e.,
fixed and glazed as though he were dead ; cf 68, 26. AVhen he
hears the rest of the tale, he is afraid to shut his eves. — Gai
nostri : according to FriedL, this is Pompeius the jmtronus of
Trim, and all his conliberti at the dinner ; cf. 71, 41 ; 30, 7 ; 38, 20.
— copo compilatus : 'like the landlord after his bi]!.' — bovis :
cf. lovis, 58,7; Neue, Formenl. I. p. 293. — versipellem : he
was a ' constitutional werwolf ' {cf Kirby F. Smith, The Wer-
wolf Puplic. Mod. Lang. Ass'n, New Ser. ii. pp. 1 ff.), making
his transformation whenever and wherever he wills, not invol-
untarily because of charms or by the use of salves or any magic.
The story of the werwolf is found in Greek as well as in Celtic
and Germanic literatures. As told by Niceros, it preserves a
unique and decidedly ancient character. Cf Baring-Gould,
Book of Werwolves ; Pischel, Zu Pelron. 62, Abhandlungen fur
M. Hertz, pp. 69 ff. " The one necessary preliminary to trans-
formation consists, simply, in taking off all the clothes. The
return to the human shape depends upon repossession, intact,
of the same garments M^hich were taken off. The safe keeping
of those garments during the interim becomes a vital matter.
It was solely for this purpose that the soldier uses his one piece
of magic; it had nothing to do with his transformation proper."
116 NOTES. CHAP. 62, LINE 34; CHAP. 63, LINE 8.
In Hhidostan, as in Italy, " circummicturifion was supposed to
charm one fast. The following is the end of an ancient Indian
formula quoted by Pischel : O Knecht, du bist umharnt, wohin
wirst du umharnt gehen ? " (K. F. Smith.) With this, c/. 57, 10.
— exopinissent : Fr. exoplnisso, one of the class of formations
in -izOf -isso (^-esso) to which expetisso, incipisso (in Plant.) belong.
On the same model, though not before late and mediaeval Latin,
countless verbs in -izo like pulverizo, latinizo, were formed; cf.
Funck, Archiv, iii, 420. — genios . . . iratos habeam: cf. 74,
37, and note on 37, 6.
63. salvo tuo sermone : ' without doubting your tale.' On
ut, cf. Crit. Append. — linguosus : cf. 43, 9 ; outside of Petr.
this word appears only in church and late Latin. — nam et
ipse : ' (but two can take a hand at this) for I,' etc. ; cf. 38, 9
and note. — asinus in tegulis : either Trim, is the ass on the
housetop, i.e., a sorry hand at a story after so brilliant an exam-
ple as Niceros, or the story he is about to tell is to be as " hair-
lifting," as, e.g., such a prodigium as Livy describes, xxxvi. 37,
hoves duos domitos in Carinis per scalas pervenisse in tegulas aedi-
fcii proditum memoriae est. The former is Otto's conjecture,
resting on the fable of the ass {cf Babrius, 125) which imitated
a monkey in climbing to the roof of a house, without getting
the praise, however, which the monkey received. — vitam
Chiam gessi : ' I led a pretty gay life ' ; cf 75, 27. The shame-
lessness and laughter of the Chians were proverbial. — ipsimi
nostri : ' our master's .' Cf 69, 9 ; 75, 27, where the explana-
tory gloss, domini, has slipped into the text ; cf also 76, 2.
So Aristoph. Plut. 83, has avrdraros. Plant, and Afran. have
ipsissimus. Its use originated in the custom of slaves calling
the master ipse : cf 29, 18, Plant. Cas. 790 and Catullus 3, 7.
The old Fr. medesme, Ital. medesimo, is from met + ipsijmis : moi-
meme = me metipsum. Cf. Heraeus, Sprache, p. 15, — omnium
numerum : ' perfect in every regard ' ; cf. 68, 24. Integer or
absolutus is to be supplied. — misella : frequent of course in
NOTES. CHAP. 63, LINE 9; CHAP. 64, LINE 4. 117
tombstone inscript. ; e.g., C.I.L. VI. 20987. — tristimonio : rf.
gaudimonio, 67, 7. — strigae : 'the witches.' Their mischiev-
ous work is referred to again in 134, quae striges corned erunt
nervos tuos aut quod purgamentum node calcasti in trivio aut cada-
ver f To prevent the strigae from eating out the heart and
vitals of children, mothers employed remedies like garlic, scat-
tered through the children's clothes, or placed switches of haw-
thorn in the windows. — Cappadocem : on account of their
strength, Cappadocian slaves were used, like those from Syria,
for carrying the lectica; Mart. vi. 77, 4. — audaculum : a
diminutive of pride or affection ; cf. misella above. — plane
non mentiar : ' I swear I'm not lying.' Plaice here as in 41,
28; 49, 17. — mala manus : this suggests the saga manus of an
inscription from Verona, reading eripuit me saga manus crudelis
ubique \ cum manet in terris et nocet arte sua. — amplexaret : on
the form, cf. Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 3; cf. Plant. Poen. 1230. —
manuciolum : ' a dummy.' This word occurs only here. It
is the third dim. used by Trim, in this story. The Ital.
manucolo, 'bundle,' is derived from this w^ord. — vavatonem :
probably an onomatopoeic word for the puling baby, from vava,
the sound the baby makes ; or it may be a reduplication of a root
vat, having the same force as vag in vagitus. Cf. Varro's paral-
lel between Vaticanus and Vagitanus, in Gell. Noct. Att. xvi. 17.
If the parallel stands, vavato would = " baby," as the creature that
cries. — plussciae : ' they know too much,' and so are uncanny.
64. Nocturnas : ' night-hags.' Nocturnus, however, is the
deity which presides over the night ; he is named in C.I.L. V.
4287 ; III. 19.56 ; Plant. Amph. 272, credo ego hac noctu Nocturnum
obdormuisse ebrium. — et iam sane : Btich. and Friedl. hold that
a break occurs here. The lamps, which must have been lighted
in the omitted portion, are first mentioned here. We have no
mention of the comissio which had made the eyes of Encolpius
swim. Though it regularly began with the mensa secunda, which
is not mentioned before chap. 68, it must have already begun at
118 NOTES. CHAP. 64, LINE 7; CHAP. 65, LINE 1.
this point in the narrative. Cf, the end of 64 and 67, 2, where
Fortunata is said to be putting away the silver and feeding the
remains of the dinner to the slaves. — tibi dico : a phrase to
attract notice, often used impatiently; cf. C.G.L. III. 286, 50
(dialogues at the bath), aKoXvOa. rj/xLv sequere nos ; crol Xiyoi
TTcpLKaOapfxa tibi dico purgamentum. Frequent in comedy; see
also Anth. Lat. Epigr. 442, 2 (ed. Biich.) ; Ov. Met. ix. 122. —
diverbia dicere : ' to recite scenes ' ; like e.g. the modern recit-
ing of scenes from Shakspere. — melica canturire : the singing
of the lyric parts of a play. Canturire = cantare, desiderat. in form
only; it is explained as derived from the nomen agentis, cantor.
— dulcis caricae: 'ye days of sweet delight'; carica is strictly
the 'dry fig.' — tisicus = phthisicus. He sang himself hoarse.
— quid tonstrinum : 'what about my great barber act?' This
suggests modern impersonation. In 68, 20, the slave of Habin-
nas is shown to be able to give a great variety of thern. On imi-
tating the barber, cf. Mart. vii. 83 and viii. 52. — Apelletem :
Introd. p. XX, note. — Croesum : cf. 28, 10. — admonitus
officii : ' reminded of his duty to his own dog.' — praesidium :
cf. Theophr. Charac. 4 (quoted by Reinesius), kol top Kvva
TrpocTKaXtadixevos kol e7riAa/36/xei/os tov pvy^ovs eiTreiv ovto<;
<fivXaTT€L TO )(u}ptov KOL Tr}v OLKtav. — ut cubaret : the command
is Cuba! 'lie down,' Fr. couche. Cf. C.G.L. VI. 290, cubat =
rjpcfjid B-qpCov. This verb occurs in inscriptions on several ca-
nine graves, C.I.L. VI. 29896, 8 and X. 659,4; ^uoh. Anth. Lat.
Epig. 1175 f. The first dog is named Margarita; cf. 1. 29 below.
Scylax is the same as in 72, 15. — bucca bucca, C^not sunt hie :
' probably a children's game in which one of them was blind-
folded and had to guess, when the rest struck him on the back,
how many did so ; or if one struck him, with how many fingers
it was done.' — camellam : cf Gellius, Nod. Ait. xvi. 7, 9;
probably = gamella, whence Fr. gamelle.
65. matteae : probably resembling a chicken salad ; here
plainly with an excess of chicken, however. It was usually
NOTES. CHAP. 65, LINE 6; CHAP. 66, LINE 6. 119
served after the heavy courses, as salads are served to-day. —
ova pilleata : cf. ex farina pingui Jigurata, 33, 18. — lictor
percussit : durmg his office, each sevir was allowed a lictor
without secures; the collegium was allowed two. — praetorem :
so far as we know, a title applied at this time only at Cumae
to designate the highest official in that part of Italy. This
fact is important with Friedl. in deciding upon Cumae as the
place of the Cena. Cf. Friedl. Cena Trimalchionis, p. 6. —
nudos pedes : the shoes had been removed for comfort. Cf
Piaut. True. 367, iam rediit animus^ deme soleas, cedo hibam.
In 72, 9, Habinnas goes to the bath nudis pedibus. — prae-
torio loco : if this corresponds to the usual locus consularis,
it would be the third, or imus, on the lectus medius. Mart.,
vi. 74, 1, speaks of this place; cf the scene in Tac. Annal. iii.
14, where Piso and Germanicus are reclining at this place. —
novemdiale = novemdialis cena. After a person's death, there
was a period of nine days' mourning, followed by the division
of his estate according to his will, and the sacrifcium novem-
diale to his manes. Then came the cena, in which eggs, lentils,
and salt were the chief part. — vioensimariis . . . mantissam :
' he has a big bill to settle with the receivers of the manumis-
sion tax.' — ossucula = ossicula : so in C.I.L. YI. 6 (from
Rome), qui ossucula mea hie sita esse gemis.
66. saviunculum : ' honeyed cheese-cake ' ; probably a ple-
beian diminutive of savillum (Cato, De agricult. 84), a cheese-cake
with added ingredients of poppy, egg, and honey. — gizeria
optime facta : ' giblets splendidly cooked.' Gizeria (Eng.
gizard) includes the heart, liver, lungs, and stomach ; its
older spelling is gigeria. It reappears in old Fr. j'isier, jui-
sier; Fr. gesier. Facta here, as in 47, 29, of the preparation
of dishes. So Mart. xiii. 54. — autopyrum : ' unbolted bread ' ;
lit. 'wheat just as it is.' Plin. N.H. xxii. 25, 68, § 138, says of
it, ad omnia aiitem fermentatus qui vocatur autopyrus utilior. On
auto-, cf. avTo^vXov, Soph. Philoc. 35. — de suo sibi : repeats
120 NOTES. CHAP. 66, LINE 7; CHAP. 67, LINE 12.
the first element of autopyrus, sihi emphasizing suo, as in Plaut.
Trin. 156 ; Cic. Phil. ii. 37, 96, priusquam tu suum sihi venderes,
ipse possedit. Cf. Drager, Hist. Synt. I. p. 76 f . — mea re f acio :
cf. 47, 8. — scriblita frigida : cf. 35, 9. — de melle . . . tetigi :
' I smeared myself generously with the honey.' On the con-
struction, cf. Heraeus, Sprache, p. 38. Tangere comes close to
the sense of tingere here; cf. note on tengomenas, 34, 22. Usque:
a pure adv., as in Plaut. Poen. 692, repleho usque ; Hor. Sat. i.
2, 65. — calvae : ' filberts ' ; probably the frictas nuces of Plaut.
Poen. 326; cf. C.G.L. VI. 170. — arbitratu : 'as one chose.'
— domina mea : ' my lady.' In speaking of her husband's gen-
erosity. Scintilla calls him, 67, 26, domini mei ; cf 57, 5. It is
from mea domina that madame is derived. In Pompeian graffiti,
domina appears in this sense. Friedl., " tJber den gebrauch der
anrede domine im gemeinen leben," Sitteng. i. 442. — ursina :
the only passage in Latin literature referring to the eating of
bear's meat; Friedl. In C.G.L. III. 316, 59, apKva. = ursina, in
a list of various kinds of meats. — caseum mollem : Hab. here
describes the mattea with which Scissa's dinner had ended. The
catillum concacatum was probably an elaborate dish over which
a meringue, or dressing, had been poured. It may have been
such a dish as Athenaeus has in mind in 647 c, KctriAAo? opva-
Tos 6 Xc-yd/xevo? Trapa Pw/xatots. — pax Palamedes : ' but enough
of that.' Why Palamedes is named is obscure. Pax is here an
interj. silentium imponens, as frequently in comedy ; Brix, Trin.
891. — oxycomina : ' pickled caraway.' — peruae missionem :
cf. 41, 8.
67. reliquias . . . diviserit : this she would do at the close
of the mensa prima. — aquam in os : i.e., she will not join in the
comissio ; aquam for vinum. — est te videre : 'do I really see
you at last?' A common greeting; c/" the school dialogue in
C.G.L. III. 211, 23. So Tiberius was greeted by his German
veterans (Veil. ii. 104, 4), videmus te, imperator. Cf. Ter. Hec.
NOTES. CHAP. 67, LINE 18; CHAP. 68, LINE 22. 121
81, sed videon ego Philotium, and Donatus, ad loc. : sic solent
dubitare advenientihus ipsis, quos post multum temporis intervallum
vident. — barcalae : ' fools.' The word is related to bardus or
hargus (barcus), occurring in glossaries as = dvaLaOrjro^, d(f>vy<i',
C.G.L. VI. 129, 130. Baro, 63, 26, is probably a kindred word.
— ex millesimis Mercurii : the reference is obscure. The
armlet was huge, and the profits must have, been immense, of
which it was the one-thousandth part, whether in silver or gold.
— Felicionem : the name, also, of one of Trim.'s lares bullati;
cf. 60, 29. Scintilla's capsella was a kind of luck-charm, or
amulet, which she wore constantly. It may have been a tiny
jewel-box, since it held duo crotalia. — excatarissasti : ' you
cleaned me out.' The form is analogous to exopi7nssent, 62,
34. It may be derived from KaOapt^o). — pro luto : cf. 44, 22.
— caldum meiere, frigidum potare : i.e., it is hard to keep the
income up to the expense account. — sudario abscondit : from
1. 10 it can be seen that this was easily done.
68. secundaa mensas : cf. note, 64, 1. Regularly, the comis-
sio would have begun here. — poteram . . . contentus : Trim,
began the cena with a light appetite, and did more drinking
than eating. He means here that the cofnissio, with its generous
drinking, is about all that he cares for. — muta : ' change the
tune.' This is probably the actual stage direction for changes
in the cantica of the old comedies. These changes were indi-
cated in Mss. of Plautus by C and DY, in Terence Mss. by
M. M. C. (miifati modi cantici) ; Friedl. — servus qui ad pedes :
cf 64. 39. Giton, however, stands; cf 58. 1. — errantis bar-
bariae : 'of his flighty and barbarous rendering.' — adiectum
aut deminutum : 'the crescendo and diminuendo.' — erudi-
bam : for erudiebam : Xeue, Formenl. TIL 317, 318. — despe-
ratum valde : ' confoundedly awfully clear.' Desperatum is not
so used elsewhere; it = Plautus's insanum. Cf Plant. Trin.
673, insanum malum : Most. 90S. Insanum. however, is not used
to modify an adv. — omnis musae mancipium : cf. 43, 27 ; so
122 NOTES. CHAP. 68, LINE 24; CHAP. 69, LINE 19.
Quint, i. 10, 28, crassiore musa, ' in plainer manner ' ; so sine ulla
musa — 'without any wit'; cf. eiusdem musae, Gell. Noct. Att.
iii. 10. — omnium numerum : ' au fait ' ; cf. 63, 8. — strabo-
nus = straho. He is a squinter. His eyes have the pretty liquid
effect, TO vypov, of the eyes in Venus statues, in which the low^er
eyelid is raised a trifle, and the eye seems to be trying to focus
sharply. Hence he is vix oculo mortuo, scarcely ever listless,
always a Paul Pry. Cf. Baumeister, Denkm. i. 89 b, and Ellis,
Class. Rev. vi. 117.
69. trecentis denariis : a modest figure. Cato, as censor,
184 B.C., assessed the slaves of the idle rich at 10,000 asses, =
about 2500 denarii. — agaga : 'a gay Lothario.' In C.G.L. VI.
41, agagula = lenocinator, vanus fornicator ; its Greek form is
ayaya?, from ayw, for dyooyas, 'one who leads astray.' — Cap-
padocem : from 63, 11, and Polybius, iv. 38, 4, it appears that
good slaves came from Cappadocia. Cf, however, Hor. Epist.
i. 6, 39, and Orelli-Mewes note, and the schol. on Persius, 6, 77,
qui Cappadoces dicerentur habere studium naturale ad falsa tes-
timonia proferenda, qui nutriti a pueritia in tormentis equuleum
sibi facere dicuntur ut in eo se invicem torquerent, et cum in poena
perdurarent, ad falsa testimonia se bene venumdarent. — defrau-
dit : In trod. p. xxxvi, E, 2. — nemo parentat : i.e., post-mortem
sacrifices do not bring to the dead the joys they must pluck this
side of the grave. Cf. 43, 28. — debattuere : in mal. part. ;
from battuo; Fr. battre, debattre ; Ital. debattere; cf. Cic. Ad fam.
ix. 22, 4, and below, 75, 29. — dabo panem : to keep it quiet.
" Least said, soonest mended." — fata egit : ' he acted the role
of.' On fata in the sense of dicta (cf. 33, 9), Biich. quotes
Lucan, Phars. iv. 361. — tanto melior : ' bully for you.' Fre-
quently found in comedy; Quint., Instit. viii. 2, 18, calls the
phrase ilia egregia laudatio. Cf. Plant. Pers. 326. — epidipnis
. . . allata : in answer to the order in 68, 7. The mensa secunda
is meant ; cf. Mart. xi. 31, 7, where a variety of fancy dishes
is made from something like a pumpkin, as here from swine's
NOTES. CHAP. 69, LINE 27; CHAP. 70, LINE 35. 123
flesh (see 70, 2). — ego . . . prudentissimus : Encolpius, the
valorous hero, must occasionally be an innocent victim ; cf.
29, 1; 36, 18; 41, 9; 49, 15. — eiusmodi . . . imaginem : 'just
such counterfeits of things to eat.' During the festival of the
Saturnalia presents were made, usually of wax candles and
images ; cf. Mart. iv. i6, 88 ; v. 18 ; Suet. A ug. 75 ; Plin. Epist.
iv. 9, 7. The latter were playthings for children (Macrob. i.
11, 1), and many made of terra-cotta have been found. Some-
times they were made of hard biscuit. A market in Rome
was named sigillaria, from the manufacture and sale of these
imagines.
70. crescam . . . non corpore : so Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 14, pingue
pecus domino facias et cetera praeter \ ingenium. The prayer is
made so that untoward misunderstanding is avoided. So the
Lydian Croesus carefully tested the oracles which he consulted.
— colaepio : ' a knuckle of pork.' Colyphia (Plant. Pers. 92)
and coloephia (Mart. vii. 67, 12) are other forms of the word.
In the glossaries it is explained as a knuckle of meat of any
kind; cf C.G.L. VI. 234, colyphium. — Daedalus : 'Jack of all
trades.' So in Plato's Euthyphron, 11 b, one who is ingenious in
extricating himself from a debate is called ' a son of old father
Daedalus.' — ad buccam probaremus : cf Suet. De Rhet. 5,
Fulciam, cui altera bucca inflatior erat, acumen stili tentare dixit.
— gastris : hence the Ital. grasta, ' flower-pot.' — pedes . . .
unxerunt : this may allude to the friendly relations between
Nero and Otho (Tac. Annal. xiii. 12 and 46), and lend some
support to the " Neronian hypothesis," that Petronius wrote
the Saiirae with the express purpose of hitting off Xero; cf
Introd. p. xxiv, note. The treatment of the feet, as here men-
tioned, was an innovation of Otho's which Xero approved ; Plin.
N.H. xiii. 22. — permitto : sc. recumbatis. — sponsione : bet-
ting on the circus games was common ; hence Juv. 9, 20, audax
sponsio ; cf Mart. xi. 1, 15. The green was the favorite party
in the circus. Trim, does not seem to have belonged to it. The
124 NOTES. CHAP. 71, LINES 1-23.
games at Rome are meant, in which rural people, also, took great
interest. Only rarely were they held outside of Rome. To be
dragged away from Rome is the same as avelli circensibus, Juv.
3, 223.
71. Diffusus : i.e., in visum, by the slave's desire to bet with
his master. — lactem : cf. 75, 2. So Shylock : " [Is not a Jew]
fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to
the same diseases? ... If you prick us, do we not bleed?"
On the form, cf. note on 38, 2. — malus fatus : cf . 42, 13 and
77, 8. The personified fatus recurs in metrical sepulchral in-
scriptions, as C.I.L. V. 10127. So in Anthol. Lat. epig. (Biich.)
1537, B, dolere mater noli ; faciendum hoc fuit; properavit aetas ;
voluit hoc fatus meus. Hence Fr. fee, Eng. fairy. Preller, Rom.
Mythologle, ii. 194. — aquam liberam : cf I. Kings, xxii. 27,
" feed him with bread of affliction and with water of affliction " ;
so Ovid, Am. i. 6, 26, tihi . . . serva bibatur aqua; Aristoph. frag.
25 (Kock), pL-qhiiroO^ vSoip Trt'ot/xt iXevdepov. Masters frequently
set their slaves up in business, on making them free; that the
freedom of the contubemalis was desired at the same time, was
natural; cf C.I.L. II. 2265, and Mommsen's translation, and
Petr. 57, 22. — vicesimam : cf 58, 6 and 65, 24. — post mortem
vivere : people shall forever know what joys he had in this life
and what joyous memories he is to take away with him. Cf
Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, 411. The burial plot is thirty times larger
than that of Porcius at Pompeii ; Mau-Kelsey, 402. On Petrais,
whose battles were engraved on some of Trim.'s cups, cf 52, 6.
— poma : it was customary to plant trees about a grave and
to bequeath funds for their protection and care ; cf. C.I.L. VI.
11275 and 15526 and 29775; XIV. 2139; IX. 3956; also Verg.
Aen. v. 761, and Servius, ad loc. ; Eclog. v. 40, and Coning-
ton's note. — et vinearum largiter : ' and lots of vines.' Lar-
giter of quantity, not size; cf Plant. Rud. 1188, illic inesse
auri et argenti largiter. — HOC MONVMENTVM . . . SEQVITVR :
NOTES. CHAP. 71, LINES 26^3. 125
tombs and burial plots remain in the family as heirlooms ;
heirs outside the family are excluded from any rights to
them. H. M. H. N. s. is frequent in inscriptions; see sanctio-
nes, in Wilmanns, Exemp. Inscrip. ii. 693. — custodiae causa:
inscriptions show that this was necessary ; cf. ]Marq. Privatl.
369. — ut naves etiam : cf. Mau-Kelsey, pp. 414, 415, with
illustrations. — me in tribunal! sedentem : such a scene is on
the tombstone of M. Valerius Anteros of Brixia. Augustales,
at all public functions, wore the toga praetexta. Trim, also
expects to be buried in his; cf. 78, 2 and 29, 12. — quod dedi :
lutrod. p. xliii, (d). An epulum and divisio of money were regu-
larly expected of the sevir on taking oflBce. Cf Wilmanns,
Exemp. Inscrip. 2099. — faciantur . . . triclinia: we read, in in-
scriptions, of tables being spread in the open air, as at Ostia,
where 217 w^ere spread, and are informed that frequently the
banquet was a complete one. At Amiternum, besides bread
and wine, two oxen and fifteen sheep were consumed (C.I.L.
IX. 4215) on a certain occasion. Often the banquet was more
modest, and money was distributed, the decuriones receiving
three denarii, the augustales two, and other citizens one.
— efQuant vinum : ' lest they empty ( = lose) their wine.' This
trans, use of effluo occurs only once elsewhere. — velit nolit :
* whether he will or no'; a common phrase; cf Cic. De Deor.
Nat. i. 7, 17; Sen. Epist. 107, 11. — MAECENATIANVS : freedmen
in the early empire often required a second cognomen, in order
to avoid confusion, in the interpretation of wills. This par-
ticular cognomen recurs in inscriptions, as C.I.L. VI. 4016 ;
X. 6014. — HIC REQVIESCIT : SO C.I.L. I. 1489, ending hie requi-
escent; sometimes the formula is Mc situs; cf C.I.L. V. 1214 ; Wil-
manns, II. p. 681. — SEVIRATVS ABSENTI : this was done by the
decuriones of the town. The Veronese, on another occasion,
conferred the sevirate upon an individual ratione habita absentis
eius extra ordinem. — IN OMNIBVS DECVRIIS ROMAE : he has the
feeling of a bourgeois gentilhomme, to whom metropolitan club
life seemed easy to enter. Decuriae = ' clubs,' as in Suet. Tib.
126 NOTES. CHAP. 71, LINE 44; CHAP. 73, LINE 25.
41, of knights ; Claud. 1, of clerks. There was, however, a long
tenure of office among government employees at Rome, which
increased the conservatism of their decuriae as to admitting
outsiders. — FORTIS, FIDELIS : cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 102 ; so sicca
sobria, 36, 11. — SESTERTIVM . . . TRECENTIES : so 45, 14; cf.
Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 87-90. Mommsen and Friedl. cite the similar
inscription of a P. Decimius, which shows the sums of money he
had given away, and ends, hie pridie quam mortuus est reliquit
patrimoni HS milia quingenta viginti. — VALE: ET TV: vale said
by the dead ; et tu, by the passer-by. Such greetings as ave,
have, vale, salve, vale viator, are common on gravestones. Some-
times the salutation inscribed is from the wayfarer to the dead,
as Lolli ave; have Claudi bene valeas. C.I.L. V. 4887 ends
viator vale, and with et tu on the next line.
72. quare non vivamus : cf. Mart. i. 15, 12. — sic videam :
so 61, 4 ; 75, 6. — calet . . . furnus : it was a question whether
hot baths were advisable after dining ; Hor. Epist. i. 6, 61 ; Juv.
1, 143 ; Pers. 3, 98. They were thought, however, to remove
cruditas. — cibo furorem suppresserat : so the lingua canina,
43, 8, of a too ready talker is suppressed ; cf. 69, 11.
73. lavari : they were now more than ready for a hot bath.
— proiecti.3 vestimentis : there was probably no apodyterium.
On bathing arrangements in private houses in Pompeii, cf. Mau-
Kelsey, 261, 300, 350, 356. A semicircular niche for the labrum
(1. 13) has been found in some houses. — cisternae frigidariae :
a tank for cooling the water, — rectus stabat : it was customary
to sit. — Menecratis : the mention of this citharoedus is impor-
tant in fixing the date of the Satirae, if he is the one mentioned
by Suet. Nero, 30. — gingilipho : probably a kind of Indian
war dance, to the accompaniment of a cantilena quam, dum nexis
manibus in orbem currunt, canebant; Biich. It may be a deriva-
tive of yty-yXtcr/xos. — barbatoriam : sc. diem. Cf. Juv. 3, 186;
XOTES. CHAP. 73, LINE 26; CHAP. 75, LINE 9. 127
the day would be one of festivity, as is seen from its place in the
list, 'de diebus festh; in C.G.L. III. 171, 66, and 239, 48.—
tengomenas faciamus : cf. 34, 22.
74. vinum sub mensam : cf. Plin. Nat. Hist, xxviii. 26,
incendia inter epulas nominata aquis sub mensam perfusis abomi-
namur. Wine is used here, as in 34, 12. — traiecit in dexteram :
cf. Plin. N.H. xxviii. 57, apropos of sneezing or hiccoughing,
anulum e sinistra in longissimum dextrae digitum transferre. On
the form of the adj., cf. Neue, Formenl. 11. § 5. — dicto citius :
cf. Verg. Aen. 1. 142 ; Livy, xxiii. 47, 6 ; Hor. Sat. ii. 2, 80. — de
porco aves fecerat : cf. 70, 2. — matteis : mentioned in 65. 1,
— classis = grex ; Quint., Instit. i. 2, 23, also uses classis in this
post-classical sense. — machina : 'the slave-block'; so Quintus
Cic, to his brother, de pet. cowsm/., writes, amicam . . . de machi-
nis emit. The post-classical word is catista : cf. Tibull. ii. 3, 60.
— hominem inter homines : cf. 39. 9. — in sinum spuit : spit-
ting upon one's breast was supposed to avert the ill effect of
haughty words or deeds ; so in Greek ets koXttov ov tttvcl ; cf.
Plin. N.H. xxviii. 35; Juv. 7, 111. — codex non mulier : cf. on
43, 14. — somniatur : Xeue, Formenl. III. p. 91. — Cassandra
caligaria : 'this thumping tragedy-queen.' In 75, 13, Trim,
calls her fulcipedia, ' high stepper.' — unguentarius : the per-
fumer's business was an important one in Italy and Gaul.
Feminine gossip was doubtless associated with it. — non patia-
ris : so 75, 14, non facias ringentem. — bonatus : ' too good ' ;
so impuratus from impurus, Ter. Phorm. 669. Cf. Fr. bonasse.
— reote, curabo : cf. 58, 19 and 14. — depresentiarum : cf.
58, 10.
75. homines sumus : to err is human ; to forgive, divine.
So in 130, fateor me, dornina saepe pecasse : nam et homo sum et adhuc
iuvenis. — ut se frangeret: cf. Cic. Cat. i. 9, 22, te ut ulla res
frangat. — decem partes dicit : cf. on 46, 10, and 58, 24. —
128 NOTES. CHAP. 75, LINE 9; CHAP. 76, LINE 4.
librum ab oculo : Hermeros could not read other than lapida-
rias lite r as ; cf. 58, 23. — Thraecium : 'and he earned ( =
bought) a Thracian suit by means of his savings.' The word
denotes a child's outfit of shield, dagger, and costume, on the
pattern of Thracian soldiers. So children to-day are often
dressed in a sailor or highland costume. — archisellium : 'a
seat with rounded back'; or 'box seat,' if the reading be arci-
sellum. — in oculis f eram : 'for me to keep my eyes upon.' So
Cic, Ad fam. xvi. 27, 2, writes, /e, ut dixi, fero in oculis. — fulci-
pedia: cf. Plant. Ti'in. 720. — bonum tuum conquas : 'find
what comfort you can.' — clavo tahula.ri = trahali ; it is
clinched. So Cic. Verves, v. 22, 53, quemadmodum dicitur, trabali
clavo Jigeret ; cf. Hor. Odes, i. 35, 17. — tain fui quam vos : 'I
was as you are.' Cf. Plaut. Miles, 11, tam hellatorem; so feliciter
esse, C.I.L. VII. 265; suavius esse, 64, 7. — dissilio : cf. 61, 7.
— sterteia : she was still sobbing. — rostrum: ' snout ' = os;
cf Plaut. Men. 89. — nee turpe est quod dominus iubet:
so Shylock says, Merchant of Venice, v. 1 :
*' You have among you many a purchased slave,
Which like your asses and your dogs and mules,
You use in abject and in slavish parts,
Because you bought them, should I say to you :
Let them be free, marry them to your heirs ? "
Seneca quotes, Controvers, IV. pref. 10 (Kiessling), impudicitia
in ingenuo crimen est, in servo necessitas, in liberto officium.
76. quemadmodum di volunt : cf. 61, 13, and note ; so
below, cito fit quod di volunt, 1. 17. Cf. Liv. i. 39, 4 ; Ov. Met.
viii. 619. — cepi cerebellum: 'I took his fancy.' — Caesari: at
first it showed the emperor's popularity to be mentioned in his
will; later it became dangerous not to mention him; cf. Suet.
Aug. 66; jTift. 49 ; Tacit. Agric. 43. — nemini . . . nihil satis
est : a Greek usage of the redundant negative. Cf 58, 15, and
Abbott: Studies in Classical Philology, Univ. of Chicago, III,
NOTES. CHAP. 76, LINE 7; CHAP. 77, LINE 20. 129
p. 73. — contra aurum: 'wine was worth its weight in gold.'
So Plant. True. 538; Vurcul. 201; Pseud. 688; Miles, 660.—
omnes naufragarunt : ' And not one vessel 'scaped the dread-
ful touch of merchant-marring rocks.' The verb is freq. in
patristic Latin; cf. Vulgate, I Tim. vi. 10. — factum non fabula :
of. Index, A lliteration. — gusti fuit : either for gustui, or the geni-
tive of gustum, the constr. being the same as in mihi non Jiocci
erat. — vinum . . . mancipia : wine, onions, and cabbages, were
staple export articles of Pompeii, which w^as not far from Trim.'s
home. Cf. Mau-Kelsey, pp. 357-358. The raising of beans was
a regular business ; inscriptions mention a negotiatio fabaria. —
manum de tabula : ' no more ! ' Cf. Cic. to Fadius Gallus {Ad
fam. vii. 25). — exhortavit : Neue, Formenl. III. p. 47. — con-
siliator deorum : cf. Cic. De legg. iii. 19, 43, speaking of the
augur as consiliarius atque administer lovis. — ab acia et acu :
i.e., down to the very smallest detail. Cf. Thesaurus Ling. Lai.
L 398, 16.
77. de rebus illis = relus venereis ; cf. C.G.L. V. 462, 1. ad
res = ad res venereas, and Plant. Afost. 897. — felix in amicos
= f ad amicos; possibly a hellenism. Cf. Eurip. Orest. 542,
€VTV)(eLv €? T€Kva. Cic. writes ad casum fortunamque felix. —
viperam sub ala : a Greek proverb; cf. Eurip. Alces. 309.
— fundos Apuliae iungere : cf. 48, 6; Hor. Epist. ii, 2, 177. —
dum Mercurius vigilat: 'under the watchful care of Mercury.'
Burman believes we have here an allusion to the custom which
Servius (Aeneid, viii. 3) describes: is qui belli susceperat curam,
sacrarium Martis ingressus, primo ancilia commovebat, post hastam
simulacri ipsius, dicens ^ Mars vigila.' Cf. Aen. x. 228. — susum :
Neue, Formenl. II. 750 f. — sessorium: 'a sitting-room.' —
Scaurus : Introd. p. xx, note. — mavoluit = maluit; cf Ter.
Hec. 540; the form is frequent in Plant. — assem habeas assem
valeas : 'money makes the man,' was a proverb as current in
the ancient world as it is to-day. Cf. Otto, Sprichw., habere, 1.
— prefer vitalia : cf. on 42, 14.
130 NOTES. CHAP. 78, LINES 2-19.
78. praetextam: cf. on 71, 30. — gloriosu.s efferri : cf. 42,
14. — imprecetur : such prayers (^salutationes) are found on
tombstones; e.g., sit iibi terra levis or ossa tua bene quiescant.
See under salutatio in Wilmanns, Exemp. Inscrip. : Indices. Cf.
above 39, 9. — nardi: Plin., N.H. xii. 43 and 44, mentions this
as a most expensive and precious oil. — ad parentalia mea:
not only to his funeral, but to the anniversaries of his death.
— extendit se super torum: in the relief from Aquila, men-
tioned by Friedl., exhibiting a similar funeral scene, there is
not only the procession of mourners about the bier, but there
are three kinds of horn-blowers ; the cornicines with curved
horns, tibicines with double flagelettes, and one who has a lituus.
On Trim.'s fondness for cornicines, cf. 53, 28. Heinsius quotes
Sen. De Brevit. Vit. 20, 3, showing that Trim.'s imitation of a
funeral was not unusual : Turranius fuit exactae diligentiae senex,
qui post annum nonagesimum . . . componi se in lecto et velut ex-
animem a civcumstante familia plangi iussit. Cf Tac. Hist. iv. 45.
— dicite = canite, 'play something.' — concitaret viciniam :
cf. however, Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 105. — qui custodiebant regionem :
the cena therefore probably took place in a town or city, not
in the country ; cf. 73, 9.
CEITICAL APPENDIX.
H = Codex Traguriensis.
L = the Ms. upon which Scaliger's apographon and the edi-
tions of Tornaes and Pithoeiis are based.
26, 11. in balnea sequi, Biich.^ in lalneo sequi, H BUch.i
Friedl.
29, 1. (cum) titulis, Burmann Biich. Friedl. tituHs, H L.
• — [copiosa], Friedl. cornu abundanti copiosa, H L Biich. For
copiosa Biich. conj. conspicua. Goes and Friedl. insert cum
before cornu.
30, 1, multas iam (picturas). multaciam, H Biich. Friedl.
simul omnes lautitias, conj. Biich. ^ multa {multas') iam + noun,
conj. Biich. 3 maltaceam, fr. maltha, 'fresco-paintings on stucco,*
Ellis, Journ. PhiloL XXIX. p. 1 (1886).
6. imam, ed. Pithoeus, Lipsius. unam, H L Biich. ; = top
part terminating in an embolum with its inscript.
28. cubitoria, H L Biich. (ac)cubitona, Friedl. following
Lipsius and Heinsius.
31, 1.5. (simul cantabat), sugg. by Biich.
20. in promulsidari, H L Friedl. inter promulsidaria, Biich.
32, 2. minutissima, L Biich.^ Friedl. munitissima, H Biich.^
33, 4. omnem voluptatem, L Heins. Biich. voluptatem,
Friedl.
34, 8. (supel)lecticarius, Douza Friedl. Heraeus. lecticarius,
H Biich.
21. tengomenas, Biich.^ tangomenas, H Friedl. tengomenias,
Sittl, Archiv, VI. 445.
131
132 CRITICAL APPENDIX.
35, 17. [hoc est in. cenae], H Reiske Wehle Friedl. hoc
est ius cenae, L BUch. Originally marg. gloss, in. = initium.
37, 10. lupatria, H BUch. Friedl. lupacea, Sittl, Archiv, II.
610.
12. [tantum auri vides], prob. misplaced gloss of saplutus.
BUch. dives for vides.
38, 2. credrae, H Friedl. cedrae, Buch.^
6. culavit, H BUch.^ Friedl. testiculavit, Buch.^ using Paul.
Fest., MUller, p. 306.
10. culcitras, H Friedl. culcitas, BUch.
18. sub alapa. est tamen suffiatus, conj. by Hirschfeld. suh-
alapo {suhalapator^y conj. by Ronsch, Rh. Mus. 1879, p. 632, =
collect, philol. p. 25. Cf. Heraeus, Sprache des Petrons, p. 31 .
19. locationem, conj. by Friedl. cum, H. cenaculum, BUch.^
casam, BUch.^
23. sociorum olla. sociorum {mala opera) olla, E. in Berl.
Philol. Wochens. xii. p. 755.
35. <C), conj. by BUch., adopted by Friedl.
39, 32. mali facit, BUch. male facit, H Friedl. moliti facit
(moli facit), Rohde.
41, 4. duravi, H BUch.^ Friedl. decrevi, BUch.^ believing
duravi nimiae ut in hoc dicendi genere audacitatis esse.
23. pataracina. Heraeus, Vahlenfestschrift, derives from Tra-
TaKvov, expanded in Latin to patacinum, and then by connection
with pate7'a (sind pateo), through volksetymologie, to pataracinum.
42, 2. balniscus, Scheffer Friedl. haliscus, H BUch.
18. neminem nihil, feminae nihil, Gronov. neminem feminae
nihil, P. in Archiv, III. 67.
43, 17. oricularios, Reinesius Heins. BUch.^ Friedl. oracu-
larios, H BUch.^
25. olim oliorum, BUch. conj. molitor mulierum. mulierarium,
SchefEer. mulierosum, Heins. Cf. Ellis, Class. Rev. VL 116.
27. pullarius, Burmann, adopted by BUch. Friedl. Ha vet,
A rchiv, I. p. 194, defends the reading of H puellarius.
44,5. esuritio, established by C.G.L. V. 164, 28, as the
proper reading for esurio H.
CRITICAL APPENDIX. 133
10. simila si siligine inferior esset, conj. by Biich. for the
impossible Ms. reading. Heraeus, in the Vahlenfestschrift, pro-
poses si milia, si cilia (= ;(t'A.ta), but fails to emend interiores et,
the reading of the next two words in H. A clew to the inter-
pretation may possibly be found in the similarly disconnected
phrases, modo sic modo sic, 45, 2, or aut tunc aut nunquam,
44, 40.
11. [sed], bracketed by Scheffer, as a dittograph from esset.
16. [vel] [tractabat], an interlinear gloss of pilabat.
17. directum, Reiske Biich. i Friedl. derectum, Biich.^
40. redibant, Jacobs Wehle Biich. ridebant, H Friedl.
(* freuten sich ').
45, 5. haberet, H Biich. saperent, Friedl. from conj. by
Buch.
13. amphitheater, cf. F. B., Rh. Mus. xlix. p. 175, and
Heraeus, Sprache, p. 43.
46, 3. loqui non loquere, Buch.^ Friedl. [loqui], Biich.^
8. dispare pallavit, H Biich. Friedl. ('hat wachsen lassen').
Biich. prefers Reiske's pullavit Q das wetter hat heuer alles zur
ungehorigen zeit wachsen lassen '). Cf. R. Ellis, Class. Rev.
VI. 117.
25. (aliquid), inserted by Friedl.
47, 8. [causa], an interlinear gloss, suam rem, conj. Fried!.,
cf. Friedl. Cena Trim. p. 251.
11. nee lovis potest, Heraeus, Vahlenfestschrift, conj. ne
lovis potest, ne = ne quidem as in Apuleius ; cf. also Biich.
Anthol. epig. 1178, 33, and Quint, i. 5, 39.
48, 21. pollicem porcino, Biich.^ for H p. porcino. " Ein
dera schweinskopf anliches instrument zum Zwischenscheiben,
klemmen und spalten, das im volksmunde schlechtweg porcinum
benannt war," Biich. ^
23. Cumis, cf Segebade et Lommatzsch, Lex. Petronian,
p. iii, n. 2 : " attentius enim c. 1-99 legentem non puto fugiet
Petronii animo alium locum observatum esse in cena Trimal-
chionis, alium in reliquis rebus enarratis. ' Colonia ' certe urbs
ista non appellatur nisi a libertinis (c. 44, 57, 76)."
134 CRITICAL APPENDIX.
51, 2. se porrigere, Biich.^ Thielmann (Archiv, III. 179).
reporrigere Caesarem, Scheffer Biich.^ Friedl.
4. valdius, conj. by Friedl. for validius of H. validius, Biich.
8. <Caesari), added by Biich. and adopted by Friedl.
52, 2. <C>, for the lacuna which follows. Goes suggested quibus
effictum.
3. patrono (meo) Mummius, BUch. emend, for patronorum
mens H. Some of the description must have disappeared after
Mummius, since the Niobe scene was not on all the cups.
25. [et], bracketed by Biich. Friedl.
27. (verebatur), added by Heins. Biich. Friedl. ; poss. some
word like indignantem has also been lost; cf. Van der Vliet,
Mnemosyne, 24, p. 2 (1896), fortunam suam (verehatur).
53, 29. <animalia), Biich. Friedl., the word being an inter-
linear gloss referring back to petauristarios and cornicines, as
obscure words. J. Gilbert conj. reliqua enim talia for animalia,
and does not bracket; Rh. Mus. li. pt. 3, 1896, p. 471.
54, 1. puer, Btich.^ suggests qui innixus debili et injirmo scalae
gradu saltabat, perfregit eum et in ledum.
55, 1. et . . . quam, sc. recordati or et cum Agamemnon expro-
mere coepisset, Biich.^ In other Mss. than H, varioque follows
factum immediately.
6. (ubique) and (nostra), foil, line, were sugg. by Hein-
sius.
10. -que and memorata est are the epitomator's additions ;
erat stood after diu, Friedl.
22. margaritam caram . . . bacam Indicam, Friedl. Biich.
nominat. margarita cara tribacia Indica, Heraeus, Vahlenfest-
schrift; on tribacia cf. quadribacium, C.I.L. II. 3386, 10; C.G.L.
III. 203, 8 ; and Plin. N.H. ix. 114.
56, 19. xerophagi ex sapa, Friedl. saprophagiae ex sale,
Biich. Rh. Mus. xvii. 322. xerophagiae ex sale, Biich.^
25. (accepit), Biicheler's insertion.
57, 4. vervex, for berbex, H. Cf. Wolfflin, Archiv, VIII. 565.
8. balatum cluxissem, Friedl. balatum duxissem, H Biich.
58, 6. numerasti, a lacuna follows ; sc. nescit unless quid
CRITICAL APPENDIX. 135
facial be corrupted from such a word as stigmatia, Biich. Friedl.
quid fatuat, Hirschfeld.
16. [non] coniecero, so editors ; but Hermeros speaks in
anger, and shows that he is a Greek in the use of his negatives.
21. Xt^puSi] fecit, Ludwich. deuro defecit, H. nemo desue-
fecit and demode fecit and eleutherode fecit are conj. by Biich.
Friedl. indicates lacuna after fecit.
23, alogias menias ; menias = menenias ; cf Porph. on Hor.
Sat. ii. 3, 287, menenium melius furiosum accipimus vel potius
stidtum, unde meneniae stultitiae ineptiae. Mss. of Porph. even
give meniae for meneniae. Porph. prob. knew his Petron. ; cf.
on Od. iii. 2, 32, and Petron. 44, 41.
39. (nos alia). I have foUowed Friedl. in inserting both nos
and alia. Biich. ^ inserts nos only.
41. (illos scholasticos). The text is hopelessly corrupt.
I have followed Friedl. in its general emendation. The words
following magister (1. 39) down to ego certainly belong to the
magister. From mera mapalia, how^ever, through evadit the
words are given to Hermeros by Heraeus in the Vafdensfest-
schrift.
59, 8. factio statim, Friedl. imagines a lacuna between
these words, and suggests primum Graecorum deinde Troiano-
rum ac.
20. ducenaria, Burmann Friedl. dunaria, H. donaria,
Biich. 2 denaria, Biich.i
60, 11. (rursus rem novam notavi), sugg. by Biich.^
15. ad pompam, Keller suggests ad Priapum; cf, however,
Knapp, Class. Rev. x. 428, a.
16. hie refecit, [hie'], Friedl. liquefacit or minorem fecit or
remissio (H) hilaritatem hinc reiecit. hiare fecit, Rohde.
61, 16. (illam) aut, Biich.^ Friedl. autem, H.
19. (quicquid habui), Biich. Friedl.
22. egi aginavi, H Friedl. and finally Biich. — (scitis), Biich.^
Friedl. autem, H. scito, Segebade.
62, 18. tota via. mata via, H. The emendation is Scheffer's.
Heraeus, VahlensfestscJirift, proposes ma tan Hekatan.
136 CRITICAL APPENDIX.
24. (perculit), added by Biich., adopted by Friedl.
63, 2. ut, " er kann nur sagen mau moge glauben dass sich
die haare gestraubt haben, nicht wie sehr, ut ist also zu
streichen," Friedl.
7. sacritus, Roasch's emend., Neue Jahrbh., 1882, p. 424, for
caccitus, H.
10. (stridere), inserted by Jacobs, adopted by Biich. Friedl.
64, 2. (sedibus), Biich. Friedl. Cf., however, Zielinski,
Philologus, 1901, p. 6, and Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 324.
11. tisicus, H Friedl. phthisicus, Btich.
19. banc, Hadrianides. hac, H. [hac], Biich.^ Friedl.
39. <et>, Anton, Friedl. BUch.,^ fearing ne plura desint, indi-
cates a gap.
66, 4. botulo, Gronov Friedl. poculo, H Biich.
67, 13. eo deinde, " ante eo forsitan multa perierint," Biich.i
32. Interim, " decurtasse narrationem compilator videtur,"
Biich.2 — sociae, Studemund. sauciae, H Biich. Friedl.
68, 15. adiectum, Muncker Scheffer Biich. ahiectum, H.
auctum, Friedl.
25. Biich. conj. strabus. Heraeus, VahlenfestscJirift, stramhus
{stranhus) ; cf. Archiv, Y. 480 ; Lowe, Prodromos, p. 391 ; Nonius,
p. 27, strabones sunt strambi quos nunc dicimus ; cf. C.G.L. III.
181, 11.
69, 25. <amici>, Buch.^ Friedl.
29. fimo, Biich. 3 Friedl. defuncta, H, defacta, marg.
71, 28. <in lateribus), Biich.^ Cf. Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, pp.
414-415.
33. faciantur. Goes Friedl. faciatur, H Biich. Possibly
justifiable as a Graecism, the subject is a neuter plural.
72, 10. (coepit), Burmann.
12. assectemur, Biich.^ assentemur, H Friedl.
23. [at], Biich.3 Friedl. e^, Wehle.
24. udique, Biich conj. utique, H Biich. Friedl.
73, 7. sic, Biich. ^ suggests istic.
15. [aut], dittograph. — pavimento, add ore dentibus, Bur-
mann. Friedl. adds {ore).
CRITICAL APPENDIX. 137
18. in solium, Friedl. Biich.-^ in solo, H. Biich. prefers in
solio. Cf. Heraeus, Sprache, p. 34. — temperabatur. Heins.
Friedl. parabatur, Biich.^ vaporabatur, Biich.-^ pervapatur, H,
in marg. al. parabafiir.
74, 33. machina, Biich. Friedl. machilla, H Burmann.
75, 12. fulcipedia. fultipedia or fulcripedia, Biich. Rh. Mus.
xxxix. p. 425.
76, 23. libertos, H Biich. -^ (per) libertos, Heins. Biich. ^
Friedl.
77, 2. illis, Hirschfeld conj. imis.
12. cenationem, Scheffer Biich. cellationem, H Friedl.
INDEX.
[The numbers refer to the chapters.]
ab acia et acu 76.
absentivos 33.
ad summam 31, 37 (bis) , 38, 45, 57
(bis), 58, 71, 75,77.
adverb as predicate : belle erit 46,
solide natus 47, pessime . . . erat
54, suaviter 59, 61, 65, 75; quod
sursum est 63 ; tarn f ui 75.
aediles male eveniat 44.
agaga 69.
aginavi 61.
sub alapa 38.
Alliterations, Anaphora: sicca so-
bria 37 ; honeste vixit honeste
obiit 43; amicus amico 43, 44;
sed rectus sed certus ; nemo
. . . nemo . . . nemo 44 ; Martis
marcent moenia; palato pavo
pascitur; titulus tepidi tempo-
ris ; nudam in nebula linea 55 ;
mufrius non magister 58 ; non
cor non intestina non quicquam
63 ; pax Palamedis 66 ; idem su-
tor i. cocus i. pistor 68; fortis
fidelis 71; flebat et Fort, flebat
et Hab. 76; maiores et meliores
et feliciores 76.
animam ebulliit 42, 62; -ma in naso
62 ; abiciet 74.
apoculare 62, 67.
apophoreta 40, 56, 60.
aquam poscere ad manus 27; in
manus 31 ; 34 ; dentes habet 42 ;
foras, vinum intro 52; in os
coniciet 57 ; libera 71.
argenti pondus 31 ; a . . . coepit
everrere 34; a. plus 37; in -to
studiosus 52 ; -um sceleratum
56; -um composuerit 67. Adj.:
pinna a. ; aureos a. denarios 33;
larua a. 34; clibano a. 35; a. co-
rona 50; craticula a.; a. pelve
70; mensas totas a. 79.
arietilli 39.
asinus in tegulis 63.
assem aerarium 57.
Atellaniam facere 53 ; 68.
-atus : capillatus 27; soleatus 27;
prasinatus 28, 29; piperatus 36;
expudoratus 39; pilleatus 40, 41,
65, 66; staminatus 41; rubrica-
tus 46 ; bullatus 60 ; moratus 61 ;
bonatus 74.
babae babae 37.
babaecalis 37.
bacalusiae 41.
bacciballum 61.
baliscus fullo est 42.
barbam auream habeas 58 ; barba-
toria 73.
barbaria 68.
barcalae 67.
baro 53, 63 (bis).
bisaccium 31.
bucca 43, 44, 64, 70.
burdabasta 45.
139
140
INDEX.
graeculis calcem impingere 46.
caldicerebrius 45, 58.
calvae 66.
pueros capiUatos 27, 70 ; 57 ; 34 ; 63.
Carpus 36.
catillum concacatum 66.
cave canum 29; c. catena vinctus
64; 72.
cepi cerebellum 75.
cicaro 46, 71.
cistemae frigidariae 73.
de colaepio 70.
si nos coleos haberemus 44.
colonia 44, 57, 76.
Comparisons : phantasia non homo
38 ; discordia non homo 43 ; piper
non h. 44; codex non mulier 74.
Condensed phrases: nee quid nee
quare 37 ; aut hoc aut illud, quid
utique 45 ; putes taurum 47 ; nee
mora 49, 64 ; nee hoc nee illud 50 ;
facinus indignum, aliquis . . . est
56; velit nolit 71.
cornicines 53, 78 (bis) .
cubitum ponere 27 ; reclinatus in c.
39 ; reposui c. 65.
culavit in gregem 38.
denarios aureos 33, 44.
depresentiarum 58, 74.
desperatum valde 68.
despolio 30, 49 {bis), 67, 79.
dextro pede 30.
ad dictata pugnavit 45.
digitos crepitare 27.
quomodo dii volunt 61 ; 75 ; 76.
Diminutive nouns: libellus 28 ; cra-
ticula 31 ; ficedula, vitellus 33 ;
testiculus, sterilicula, pisciculus
35 ; utriculus 36 ; vernaculae 38 ;
Graeculus 38, 46; taurulus 39;
sportella (bis), porcellus, alicula
40; casula 44, 46, 77; servulus,
potiunculis 47 ; agellus 48 ; sta-
tunculum 50 ; martiolus 51 ; gle-
bula, lamellula, peduclum 57;
comula, sponsiuncula, 58; adu-
lescentulus 59, 64; manuciolum
63 ; catella 64 (bis) ; saviuncu-
lum 66; cingillum, capsella 67;
auricula 67 ; corolla 70 ; corolla-
rium, urceolus 74 ; corcillum 75.
Adj. : vetulus 28 ; meliuscula 38 ;
corneolus43; misella 63, 65 ; au-
daculus 63; aureola 67; aeneo-
lus 73.
dispare pallavit 46.
dissilio gaudimonio 61 ; d. felicitate
75.
domusio 46, 48.
ecce 38, 57, 58, 60, 68 ; et ecce 40, 45,
66, 76.
nondum efflaverat omnia 49.
Epithets : stips 43 ; ilia matella 45 ;
vervex, bellum pomum, larifuga,
noctumus, vasus fictilis, lorus in
aqua 57 ; caepa cirrata, crucis of-
fla, corvorum cibaria, mus, terrae
tuber, bella res, volpis uda, mu-
frius 58 ; purgamentum, canis 74 ;
fulcipedia, milva, sterteia 75;
viper 77.
ergo affirmative : 27, 28, 29, 30, 31,
34 (bis), 39, 46 (bis), 51, 52, 60,
61, 63, 64, 67 {bis), 70, 73 {bis) ;
question: 34, 39, 46, 47, 48, 58,
59, 72.
essedarium 36, 45.
est te videre 67.
Euphemisms : cum dominam delec-
taretur 45; ipsumam meam de-
battuere 68; ad delicias domini
fui; ipsimae satis faciebam 75;
de rebus illis fecisti 76.
excatarissasti 67.
exopinissent 62.
Falernum 28 ; f . Opimianum 34, 55.
fatus 42, 71, 77.
Gaio feliciter 50 ; Augusto f . 60.
ferculum 35, 39, 41, 66; 60, 68, 69.
foras cenat 30; f. vulpes 44; 47;
52.
genius 37, 53, 57, 62, 74, 75.
INDEX.
141
gingilipho 73.
gizeria 66.
Greek words: iatraliptae, chira-
maxium 28 ; embolum 30 ; paro-
nychia 31; paropsis 34, 50;
pittacium 34 ; euripus, metho-
dium 36 ; topanta, saplutus 37 ;
theca, philologia, genesis, cata-
phaga 39; sophos, apophoreta,
polymitus 40; ealathiscus, lasa-
num 41; laecasin 42; schema
44 ; anathymiasis, penthiacus 47 ;
bybliotheca, peristasis 48 ; auto-
maton 50, 54; phiala 51; acro-
mata 53, 78; catastropha 54
philosophos 56; pittacium 56
athla 57 ; critica . . . alogias 58
strophas, pompa 60 ; scholasticus
61 ; phreneticus 63 ; podagricus,
tisicus 64; autopyrum, hepatia,
oxycomina 66 ; periscelides,phae-
casiae, crotalia 67 ; epidipnis 69.
Guests of Trimalchio : Agamem-
non, Encolpius, Diogenes, lulius
Proculus 38 ; Dama 41 ; Seleucus
42 ; Phileros 43 ; Ganymedes 44 ;
Niceros 44, 61, 63; Echion 45;
Ascyltus 57, 59, 72; Hermeros
59; Plocamus 64.
gustatio 31 ; gustatorium 34.
Homeristae 59.
homo inter homines 39, 57, 74.
homuncio 34 (bis), 56, 66.
Impersonations : of Bacchus 41 ;
Syrum 52; luscinias 68; mulio-
nes sive circulatores 68; tubi-
cines ; choraulas ; mulionum fata
69 ; Ephesum trag. 70.
impropero 38.
meum intelligere . . . vendo 52.
ipsimus 63, 75, 76; ipsima 69, 75,
ita in asseveration 44, 57, 58, 70,
74.
ius cenae = initium cenae 35.
lacte gallinacium 38.
lacticulosus 57 ; unum lactem 71.
pedes lanatos 44.
larua 34, 44, 62.
Laserpiciarius 35.
lautus 26, 31; lautitiae 27, 32, 34,
47, 57, 70, 73; lotam 40.
lerode 58.
linguam caninam 43 ; linguosus 43,
63; lmgua73.
libertini loco 38 ; praetorio loco 65.
lupatria 37.
pro luto 44, 54, 67.
maiiesto et dignitosso 57.
maiores maxillae 44.
iam yianios habet 45.
mapalia 58.
matteae 65, 74.
secuudae mensae 68 {his).
in tenebris raicare 44.
homo micarius 73.
ex millesimis Mercurii 67.
milvus 37 ; milvinum genus 42.
omnis minervae homo 43.
populus rninutus 44; minutalia 47.
modo modo 37, 42, 46; modo sic
modo sic 45.
momento temporis28 ; momento40.
nee rau nee ma argutas 57.
Names : Achilles 59 ; Aegyptius 35 ;
Aeneas 68 ; Aethiopes 34 ; Africa
35, 48; Agamemnon 59; Agatho
74 ; Aiax 59 ; Alexandrini 31 , 68 ;
Apelles 64 ; Aratus 40 ; Asia 44,
75 ; Atellania 53, 68 ; Athana 58 ;
Athenae 38; Augustus 30, 69;
Baiae 53; Bromius 41; Caesar
51, 76; Capua 62; Carpus 36,
40 ; Cassandra 52, 74 ; Cerdo 60 ;
Chiam 63; Chrysanthus 42;
Cicero 55 ; Cinnamus 30 ; Corin-
thus 31, 50; Croesus 64; Cumae
48, 53 ; Cyclops 48 ; Daedalus 52,
74; Dama 41 ; Diana, Diomedes
59 ; Dionysus 41 ; Echion 45 ;
Ephesus 70 ; Euhius 41 ; Faler-
num 21, 28, 34, 55; Felicio 60,
67 ; Fortuna 29, 43, 55 ; Gains 30,
/
142
INDEX.
50, 53, 54, 62, 67, 74, 75; Gany-
medes 44, 59 ; Glyco 45 ; Habin-
nas 77 ; Hannibal 50 ; Helena 59
Herculis 48; Hermeros 52, 59
Hermogenes 45 ; Hipparchus 40
Homerus 48, 59 (bis) ; Ilias 29
Ilium 50 ; Incuboui, India 38, 55
Iphigenia 59; luppiter 44, 47, 51,
56, 58 (bis) ; Laenatis 29 ; Lares
29, 60; Laserpiciarius 35; Liber
41 ; Lucrio 60 ; Lyaeus 41 ; Mam-
maea, Manios 45 ; Margarita 64 ;
Mars 34, 55 ; Marsyas 34 ; Massa
69; Melissa 61, 62; Menecratis
73; Menelaus 27; Mercurius 29,
67, 77 ; Minerva 29, 43 ; Mithra-
dates 53 ; Mopsus 55 ; Mummius
52; Niceros 61, 63; Nioba 52;
Nocturnae 64 ; Norbanus 45, 46 ;
Oceupo 58; Odyssia 29; Opi-
mianum 34; Orcus, 34, 45, 46,
62; Palamedes 66; Parcae 29;
Pegasus 36; Petraitis 52, 71;
Phileros 43, 44, 46; Plocamus
64; C. Pompeius Diog. 38; C.
Pompeius Trim. 30, 71; Pom-
peiani 53; Priapus 60; Primige-
nius 46 ; Proculus 38 ; Publilius
55; Saturnalia 44, 58, 69; Mam.
Aem. Scaurus 77 ; Scintilla 67,
75; Scissa65; Scylax 64; Seleu-
cus 42 ; Serapa 76 ; Sibulla 48 ;
Stichus 77, 78; Syrus 52; Taren-
tum 38, 48, 61; Terraciniensis
48; Ulixes 39, 48; Venus 29, 68;
Vergilius 39, 68.
Negatives : neminem nihil 42 ; nee
sursum nee deorsum non cresco
58.
alias nenias 46, 47.
nesapius 50.
novendiale 65.
numerum omnium 63, 68.
nummos modio metitur 37.
Officials: ostiarius 28, 37, 64, 77;
dispensator 29, 30 (ter), 45 {bis),
53; procurator 30; supellectica-
rius 34 ; structor 35 ; scissor 36 ;
nomenculator 47 ; viator 47 ; ac-
tuarius 53 ; atriensis 53 ; saltu-
arius 53; circitor 53; balneator
53 ; cubicularius 53 ; nummula-
rius 56.
olim oliorum 43.
ossa bene quiescant 39 ; 65
Parataxis: rogo me putatis 39;
curat quid . . . mordet 44; r.
vos oportet 45, 63; oro . . . lo-
quere 45; spero imponet 47; r.
. . . tenes 48 ; narra . . . decla-
masti 48; r. . . . putas 55; s.
sic moriar 57; r. December est
58; o. narra illud 61; n. quare
. . . recunibit 66; vide si . . .
videtur 71; r. fruniscaris 75;
scitis habet 76.
hoc nemo parental 69; parentalia
78.
malam parram pilavit 43.
partes dico 46, 58, 75.
pataracina 41.
percolopabant 44.
petauristarius 47, 53 {bis) , 60.
piscina 72.
sibi placere 44, 46.
plane intensive 32, 35, 41, 43, 49, 53,
58, 63, 67; sarcasm or surprise
41, 69.
plussciae 63.
pollicem porcino 48.
Caesar non pote valdius quam 51.
prasinus 27, 64, 70 ; prasinianus 70.
promulsidaria 31.
Proverbs: vinum dominicum mi-
nistratoris gratia 31 ; aequum
Mars amat 34 ; sociorum olla
mala fervet 38; ubi semel res
inclinata, amici de medio 38;
pisces natare oportet 39 ; anti-
quus amor cancer 42 ; longe f ugit
quisquis suos f . ; nunquam recte
faciet qui cito credit 43; serva
INDEX.
143
me servabo te 44; quod hodie
non est eras erit; qui asinum
non potest, stratum caedit;
milvo volante ungues resecare ;
colubra restem non parit; sibi
quisque peccat ; manus manum
lavat 45 ; quicquid discis tibi d. ;
literae thesaurum est, et artifi-
cium nunquam moritur 46 ; clivo
laborare 47 ; aquam foras vinum
intro 52; ubique dulce est ibi et
acidum 56; in molle came ver-
mes nascuntur ; in alio peduclum
vides, in te ricinum non 57 ; qua-
lis dominus, talis et servus 58;
qui vincitur vincit 59; in angu-
stiis amici apparent 61 ; tace
lingua, dabo panem 69; asciam
in crus impegi 74 ; assem habeas
assem valeas 77.
Puns : Carpe 36 ; Dionyse liber esto
41 ; controTersia 48 ; the apopho-
reta 56.
redde quod debes 57.
Repetition : magis magisque 49 ;
quid? quid? 49; voca voca 49;
quia enim 51 ; nisi si 58.
ridiclei 57.
in rutae folium 37, 58.
sacritus 63.
scordalias de medio 59.
scriblita 35, 66 {his) .
scruta scita 56.
serisapia et contumelia 56.
sevir 30, 57, 65; seviratus 71.
similia si siligine inferior esset 44.
Singing: 28, 31 {his), 'M., 35, 41, 52,
68, 69, 70, 73.
in sinum suum spuere 74 ; in fa-
ciem meam inspue 75.
staminatas duxi 41.
vafer et magnus stelio 50.
strigae 63 {his).
sucossi 38.
symphonia 32, 33, 34, 36 {his) , 47 ;
-cus 28.
tanquam: t. favus, t. mola 39; t.
libertus 41; t. favus 43, 76; t.
corvus 43; t. coda, t. mures,
t. tuba, t. unus de nobis 44; t.
vasum 51 ; t. urbis acta 53 ; t.
hircus 57; t. mus 58; t. orcus,
boTis, copo, lanio, meridie 62;
t. fumus 72; t. rana 74.
tanto melior 69.
tengomenas 34, 73.
terrae filius 43.
in capita tersit 27 ; in sinu t. 57.
omnia textorum dicta 33.
tutelam huius loci 57.
unus servus 26.
ursinae 66.
Tavatonem 63.
venies sub dentem 58.
versipellem 62.
vitalia 77.
non vxdt sibi male 38.
xerophagi ex sapa 56.
THE STUDENTS' SERIES OF LATIN CLASSICS
UXDEB THE EDITORIAL SCPEEVISION OF
HENRY RUSHTON FAIRCLOUGH, Ph.D.
Stanford University.
The following volumes for College use are now ready: —
ATLAS OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF THE
ANCIENT WORLD. Edited by John K. Lord, Ph.D.,
Professor in Dartmouth College.
CICERO. De Senectute et de Amicitia. By Charles E. Ben-
nett. A.M., Professor in Cornell University.
CICERO. De Oratore. Book I. based upon the edition of Sorof.
Bv W. B. Owen. Ph.D., Professor in Lafayette College.
GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGY. By Karl P. Har-
RixGTox. A.M., Wesleyan University, and Herbert C.
ToLMAX, Ph.D., Vanderbilt Universitv.
HORACE. Odes and Epodes. By Paul Shorey, Ph.D., and
Gordon J. Laing, Ph.D., Professors in Chicago Uni-
versity.
HORACE, Satires and Epistles, based upon the edition of
Kiessling. By James H. Kirkland, Ph.D., i^ofessor in
Vanderbilt University.
LATIN COMPOSITION, for College Use. Revised. 1909. By
Walter ^Miller. A.M., Professor in Tulane L'niversity.
LATIN COMPOSITION, for College Use. ^ By Jefferson
Elmore, Ph.D., Professor in Leland Stanford Jr. Uni-
versity.
LATIN HYMNS. By William A. Merrill, Ph.D., Professor
in the University of California.
LIVY. 3oo!i3 XXI and XXII, based upon the edition of Wolfflin.
Bv J')HN K. Ldrd, Ph.D., Professor in Dartmouth College.
LIVY. Book I. for rapid reading. By Professor Lord.
NEPOS, for ra^id reading. By Isaac Flagg. Ph.D., Associate
Professor in the University of California,
PETRONIUS, Cena Trimalchionis, based upon the edition of
Biicheler. By W. E. Waters, Ph.D., the University of
New York.
PLAUTUS, Captivi, for rapid reading. By Grove E. Barber,
A.M., Professor in tlie University of Nebraska.
PLAUTUS, Menaechmi, based upon the edition of Brix. By
Harold N. Fowler, Ph.D., Professor in the Western
Reserve University.
PLAUTUS, Trinummus. By H. C. Nutting, Ph.D., Instructor
in Latin in the University of California.
PLINY. Selected Letters, for rapid reading. By Samuel
Ball Platner, Pli.D., Professor in the Western Reserve
University.
SALLUST, Catiline, based upon the edition of Schmalz. By
Charles G. Herbermann, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor in the
College of the City of New York.
TACITUS, Agricola and Germania, based upon the editions of
Schweizer-Sidler and Drager. By A. G. Hopkins, Ph.D.,
Late Professor in Hamilton College.
TERENCE, Adelphoe, for rapid reading. By William L.
CowLES, A.M., Professor in Amherst College.
TERENCE, Haaton-Timorumenos. By F. G. Ballentine,
Ph.D., Assistant Professor in Bucknell University.
TERENCE, Phormio, based upon the edition of Dziatzko. By
Herbert C. Elmer, Ph.D., Assistant Professor in Cor-
nell University.
THE PRIVATE LIFE OF THE ROMANS, a manual for the
u.se of schools and colleges. By Harriet Waters Pres-
ton and Louise Dodge.
VALERIUS MAXIMUS, Fifty Selections, for rapid reading.
By Charles S. Smith, A.M., George W^ashington Uni-
versity.
VELLEIUS PATERCULUS, Historia Romana, Book II. By
F. E. RocKwooD, A.M., Professor in Bucknell University
BENJ. H. SANBORN & CO., Publishers,
CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON