i 
 
E\)t StutientjS' Series of Hatin Classics 
 
 PETRONIUS 
 
 CENA TRIMALCHIONIS 
 
 EDITED, WITH IXTRODUCTIOX AND COMMENTARY 
 
 BY 
 
 WILLIAM E. WATERS, Ph.D. 
 
 PROFESSOR IN NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 
 
 ov TToW aWa ttoXv 
 
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 BEXJ. H. SAXBORX & CO. 
 CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON 
 
 1917 
 
COPTEIQHT, 1902, 
 
 By WILLIAM E. WATERS. 
 
 Norhjooti 53regs 
 
 J. 8. Cushing & Co. — Berwick & Smith 
 
 Norwood Mass. U.S.A. 
 

 PREFACE 
 
 This edition of the dinner scene at Trimalchio's house, 
 an episode in the Satirae of Petronius, is based upon the 
 text as established by Biicheler. I have occasionally 
 departed from his readings, but only, as a rule, where he 
 himself was in doubt, and other conjectural readings 
 could be made with equal or greater plausibility. In the 
 preparation of my commentary I have been under special 
 obligation not only to Friedlander's edition of the Cena 
 Trinialchionis, and the reviews of the same, particularly 
 in the Berliner Philologische Woclienschrift and the Classi- 
 cal Eevieiv, but also to the valuable contributions on 
 the language of Petronius in the Archiv fUr Lateinische 
 Lexicographie, to Heraeus for his comparisons with the 
 Corpus Glossariorum, and to Otto for the comparative 
 study of numerous redensarten peculiar to Petronius. I 
 am also indebted to professors in the Latin departments 
 of Columbia University for very valuable suggestions and 
 assistance in the preparation of the commentary, as well 
 as in the reading of a considerable portion of the proof. 
 
 I must express my special obligation to Professor Peck 
 
 iii 
 
 449839 
 
iv PREFACE 
 
 for his helpful criticisms, and to Professor Lodge for the 
 kindness he has shown in permitting me the full and 
 free use of his large library at all times. 
 
 The Cena Trimalchionis is fairly entitled to a place of 
 prominence in the study of Eoman life and literature. 
 It reveals an important side of life in the early years of 
 our era, in all its naturalness and with perfect truthful- 
 ness, and is to that extent of the same value as the plays 
 of Plautus or the Letters of Cicero. The name of Petro- 
 nius has been anathema to a large number of Latin 
 scholars, but in the Cena his piiritas is no longer impu- 
 rissima, and what he discloses there concerning the lan- 
 guage, life, and customs of a very influential portion of 
 Italian society in the closing years of the Republic and 
 at the dawn of the Empire makes pleasant and valuable 
 reading, especially as it supplements information gath- 
 ered from inscriptions, or from Comedy and the poets 
 and prose writers of the period of Petronius, or from the 
 discoveries which have been and are still being continu- 
 ally made in the excavations at Pompeii. 
 
 By far the greater portion of the text of the Cena 
 rests upon one manuscript alone, the Codex Tragurien- 
 sis (H). In this edition that portion is set in Roman 
 type. Where the text rests, however, upon this same 
 manuscript and the apographon of Scaliger, called the 
 Codex Leidensis (L), Italics have been employed. The 
 portion set in black-faced type rests upon other manu- 
 scripts in addition to these two. I believe that the 
 
PREFACE V 
 
 employment of different fonts to indicate the difference 
 in manuscript authority has an advantage over the per- 
 pendiculars used by Bucheler and Friedlander. 
 
 W. E. W. 
 
 New York University, 
 April, 1902. 
 
I 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 I. Petronius IX Relation to Earlier Writers of 
 History and Romance. 
 
 A story well told can find its ready hearers ; of 
 none can this probably be said with greater truth than 
 of the tale of exciting and varied adventure which fills 
 the Odyssey, and was heard by the listening Greek with 
 silent wonder and pride as the rhapsodist chanted and 
 recited from the great poem at the city or national fes- 
 tivals. The less mythical but extremely romantic and 
 entertaining histories of Herodotus, who had ];iimself 
 wandered quite as widely as the Ithacan, had a simi- 
 lar charm.^ And though the age of Pericles saw in 
 one historian, Thucydides, an unswerving regard for 
 truth and critical accuracy, yet for the Greeks, history, 
 especially that of foreign nations and remote countries, 
 remained substantially the province for more or less of 
 romantic and rhetorical treatment. Ktesias and Xeno- 
 phon had filled the minds of their countrymen with 
 curious tales coDcerning Persia; and Athenian orators, 
 expatiating at festivals and on memorial days upon the 
 past glories of Greece, were turning records of events 
 
 1 Compare, for example, the story told of the emotion which Thu- 
 cydides betrayed while listening, on a certain occasion, to the Father 
 of History himself. (Marcellinus, 54, in Westermann's Biog. Graec, 
 p. 198; see Suidas, under opyav.) 
 
 vu 
 
Vlll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 into tales of romance, much after the fashion of modern 
 orators. Deinon^ of Colophon, author of a compendious 
 account of Persia, which has been lost, was probably one 
 of these many historians whose style was rhetorical 
 and whose purpose was entertainment. To his son, Cli- 
 tarchus, this account may have served as a model ; for 
 his talent as an historian of forcible descriptive powers is 
 praised, rather than his regard for truth and accuracy.^ 
 We have it upon the authority of Cicero ^ that this Cli- 
 tarchus was an author who was read with special pleas- 
 ure by the Roman historian Cornelius Sisenna, and 
 exerted considerable influence upon him. As to the 
 nature of this influence, there is reason for believing 
 that Clitarchus,* whom Alexander the Great had taken 
 with him on his Persian campaign for the purpose of 
 recording its history, was a writer not only rhetorical 
 in his style, but strongly inclined to romancing; that 
 
 1 Deinou's history of Persia extended to the year 340 B.C., the date 
 of the conquest of Egypt by Artaxerxes III. 
 
 2 Quint. X. 1, 74: Clitarchi probatur ingenium, fides infamatur. 
 
 3 Cicero, De legibus, i. 2: "Sisenna eius amicus omnes adhuc no- 
 stros scriptores, nisi qui forte nondum ediderunt, de quibus existimare 
 non possumus, facile superavit. Is tamen neque orator in numero 
 vestro unquam est habitus et in historia puerile quiddam consectatur, 
 ut unum Clitarchum neque praeterea quemquam de Graecis legisse 
 videatur, eum tamen velle dumtaxat imitari ; quem si adsequi posset, 
 aliquantum ab optumo tamen abesset." 
 
 Compare Cicero's criticism of Sisenna, Brutus, 228. 
 
 4 Clitarchus was a native of Megara ; he attended Alexander on 
 his invasion of the Persian Empire, and was the author of a History, 
 in twelve books, terminating with the battle of Ipsus. He also wrote 
 a history of Persia, covering the period before and after Xerxes. As 
 to his historical accuracy, c/. Cicero, Brutus, 42: " Concessum est 
 rhetoribus ementiri in historiis, ut aliquid dicere possint argutius ; ut 
 enira tu nunc de Coriolano, sic Clitarchus^ sic Stratocles de Themi- 
 stocle finxit." 
 
INTRODUCTION. IX 
 
 his influence tended to make the writing of history 
 biographical, and that history thus written — from the 
 standpoint of the study of individual heroes — was what 
 specially attracted Sisenna and made him, in adopting 
 this style of treatment from Clitarchus, the probable pro- 
 totype of Sallust.^ It is natural, therefore, that Sisenna, 
 historian and biographer though he truly was, should have 
 also translated those purely romancing and fictitious nar- 
 ratives, the Milesian Tales of Aristides,- in which he found 
 the same attractive and historical style — certainly the 
 same form of biographical treatment — as in the histories 
 of Clitarchus, which were his models and masterpieces. 
 
 ^ Cf. Sallust, Jug. 95, 2: " L. Sisenna, optume et diligentissime 
 omnium qui eas [Sullanas] res dixere persecutus, parum mihi libero 
 ore locutus videtur. 
 
 2 None of the X6701 epwri/co/ of Aristides has come down to us ; 
 the famous tale of the Widow of Ephesus. told by Petronius in chap- 
 ters 111-112, furnishes r. very good cle"/ to his witty style and choice 
 of theme. The ipojTiKa iradrjfxara of Partheuius. which have come 
 down to us, but in meagre and colorless outlines, probably lacked the 
 freshness as well as the grace and smoothness of the tales of Aristides, 
 though they were doubtless written with great effect. Cf. Christ, § 608 ; 
 H. T. Peck, Trimalchio's Dinner, p. 21 ff. The X6701 ipcoTiKoi super- 
 seded the erotic elegy, and indeed the Xew Comedy with its countless 
 plots depicting the course of love in its anxious and unhappy moments. 
 Just so soon as the poetic treatment of love motives had virtually dis- 
 appeared from the stage, and Menander and Diphilus were read from 
 books only, the dialogue and the cantica had to go their way, and a 
 form of composition was evolved, better adapted for mere perusal. 
 This caused the sacrifice of the metrical clothing: rhythmical prose 
 was a sufficient substitute. At the same time the novel reached a 
 greater freedom of invention, by breaking from the traditional realism 
 of what we call " studies in social life." In comparison with the elegy 
 and the dramatic comedy, whose very form implies a large amount of 
 aesthetic pleasure through the means of literary art, the purpose of the 
 prose novelette and short story was to make romance subserve enter- 
 tainment only. 
 
X INTRODUCTION. 
 
 From the conquest of Carthage and the fall of Corinth, 
 there existed in Rome a growing philhellenic aristocracy, 
 delighted by the refined civilization and entertaining 
 literature of Greece, fond of listening to the episodes of 
 the Odyssey and witnessing the comedies of Diphilus and 
 Menander, as Terence and Plautus brought them upon 
 the stage. In the time of Sisenna, however, many of 
 these families had degenerated into an idle, ease-loving 
 aristocracy, for whom, in the decline of the drama and 
 the lack of originality upon the stage, the romances of 
 Aristides were an attractive substitute. 
 
 It is these Milesian Tales to which we turn in finding 
 for Petronius his proper setting among Latin writers ; 
 for, although his writings are called Satirae, Petronius 
 was not a satirist, but a romancer. Though both the 
 Milesian Tales and Sisenna's translations, with the ex- 
 ception of a bare dozen lines, have perished, yet we 
 may form a fairly adequate impression of their nature. 
 They usually depicted the tempestuous course of true 
 love ; yet they were not such novels as George Eliot 
 and Thomas Hardy have given us ; for in these there 
 is great unity and directness, due not alone to the 
 individuality of the chief personages, but to the psy- 
 chological treatment of evolution or decay of character; 
 which indeed forms the charm of these authors. The 
 Milesian Tales were mere amusing stories, full of inci- 
 dents, devoid of development, crowned with an end at 
 last which suited the virtues or vices of the hero ^ and 
 
 1 How problematic this is, however, can be seen from recent discus- 
 sion. Cf. Verhandlungen der 30'^"- Philologenversammlung, p. 55, and 
 Rhein. Mus. xlviii. 1893, p. 125, where Rohde maintains that these tales 
 were short, disconnected stories like those of Boccaccio or Chaucer. 
 
 ?i 
 
INTRODUCTION. xi 
 
 was in fair accord with the sympathies which the story 
 awakened in the reader. Their modern analogues are 
 some of the more highly seasoned of Chaucer's Canter- 
 bury Tales, or such pure unbounded romances as Steven- 
 son's Treasure Island. It is doubtful whether the Spanish 
 picaresque tales may be cited as in any way suggestive 
 of, or related to, Petronius' Satirae} 
 
 Sisenna's translations were in all probability read 
 
 Burger believes that they were each complete in themselves and more 
 on the order of novels than short stories ; cf. Hermes, xxvii, 1892, p. Mo. 
 If it is borne in mind that the Milesian Tale was in the beginning an 
 encroachment upon the field of the New Comedy, it may be seen that 
 probably both Rohde and BUrger are right. At first the tale would not 
 much differ from a prose rendering of the plot of a comedy, a kind of 
 explanatory libretto. Such productions would be found to be popular 
 and interesting " short stories." It would next come to be worth while 
 to invent and write other " original stories " on their pattern ; the way 
 would thus be paved for the writing of long original stories into which 
 the writer put all the literary art which he possessed. 
 
 1 " Although the picaresque tale was indigenous to Spain, its elements 
 had existed earlier and elsewhere in literature. The Greek novels had 
 employed pirates and robbers with unfailing regularity. In them leaders 
 of land and water thieves were prominent figures, although these as 
 rogues could claim no merit or special character; for in the Greek 
 novel, which was fitted to live again only in the heroic genre of Gom- 
 berville, Calprenede, Scude'ry, even the rogues were heroes, not anti- 
 heroes. The Plautine comedy had offered a nearer approach to the 
 ideal of Spanish roguery in the Epidicus, Mostellaria, or Persa, for the 
 intriguing slave and the parasite of the classic stage bore some resem- 
 blance to the picaro living by his wits. Encolpius, in the Satyricon of 
 Petronius Arbiter, has been hailed as the forerunner of Spanish rogues, 
 and the facts that most of the Peninsular picaresque authors were classi- 
 cists, and that Petronius in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries had 
 a special vogue, have been adduced as proving a probable bond between 
 the Satyricon and the romances of roguery. But the low-life adven- 
 tures of the decadent voluptuary, or the excesses of the feast of Tri- 
 malchio, have little in common with the shifts of the unfortunate rascal 
 in service." Cf. Chandler, Romances of Roguery, p. 3. 
 
xil INTRODUCTION. 
 
 with great delight. Ovid^ was certainly acquainted 
 with them. One of their effects was the sanctioning 
 and further extension of that romantic coloring which 
 Roman historians and writers of travel were putting into 
 their works. Livy furnishes a marked instance of such 
 an effect. 
 
 But the special form of literary art which Petronius 
 adopted had been subject in the fifty or sixty years pre- 
 ceding him to other vital influences, differing from these 
 which we have traced back to the disjointed Milesian 
 Tales of Aristides and his fellows. We refer to the 
 accounts of wonderful voyages and strange adventures 
 written by Roman travellers, which by their biographical 
 treatment pointed the way to the transition from stories 
 of varied and loosely related situations to creations of 
 a higher type possessing unity and order. There are 
 greater unity and order in the Odyssey than in the Iliad, 
 or in a novel of Thackeray's than in the Arabian Nights. 
 It was the great Roman encyclopedist, Varro, author of 
 the Periplus, a journey around the world, who won popu- 
 lar acceptance for this artistic treatment of tales of 
 travel. Others followed in his footsteps ; we can name 
 at least two, Statins Sebosus and Lucius Manilius.^ The 
 former was a voyager whom Pliny mentions as one of 
 
 1 Cf. Ovid, Tristia, ii. 443: " Vertit Aristidem Sisenna, nee obfuit 
 illi I historiae turpis inseruisse iocos." 
 
 2 To this, Heinze is opposed, who believes it impossible to prove that 
 these writers showed any approach to free treatment. However, the 
 transition from the realism of accounts of actual travel to imagina- 
 tive accounts, like those of Lucian or Jules Verne, is very easy; the 
 middle ground of transition would be the occasional appearance of 
 what was incredible, but highly entertaining, in the midst of what was 
 told in sober earnest as real and true. Cf. Heinze, Hermes, xxxiv. 1899, 
 p. 510, n. 1; Schanz, Rum. Litteraturgesch. ii. § 395. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xiii 
 
 his chief sources ; both apparently laid special stress 
 upon curiosities and things marvellous. They wrote in 
 order to entertain and amuse; it can be imagined that 
 they stretched the truth occasionally, and that fiction 
 and reality were hopelessly blended. Whether or not 
 the narrator was made to speak in his own person is 
 uncertain. If that was the case, there would be a close 
 connection between their autobiographical style and that 
 of Petronius, w^hich would be most interesting. 
 
 II. Petroxius axd the Mexippean Satire. 
 
 However tempting it might have been to Petronius 
 to write in the racy prose of the short Milesian Tale, 
 or of biographical or autobiographical travel with its 
 touches of romance, in the composition of his SaHrae^ 
 his style is actually that of the so-called Menippean 
 satire ; it best suited his frolicking temper. Menippus 
 and that side of Varro which imitated him were congen- 
 ial to Petronius. This genre had certainly been long in 
 use, and, by breaking up the flow of the prose by means 
 of passages in verse, was adapted to the expression of 
 any personal feeling and temper on the part of the 
 writer or his characters, that might be seasonable. It 
 is probable, therefore, that the form of the Menippean 
 satire was the deliberate choice of Petronius. In his 
 times ^ the expression of personal feeling by means of 
 satire was very much the vogue, as the poems of Hor- 
 ace and Persius and Juvenal testify. In the Cena the 
 poetical passages contain no expression of sentiment 
 from Petronius himself or his spokesman, Encolpius. 
 
 1 On the date of Petronius, see chapter IV. of this Introduction. 
 
XIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The three passages of this sort which occur there be- 
 long to Trimalchio. The Cena is, therefore, practically 
 a tale in pure prose. 
 
 Petronius's Satirae had, then, a free and rollicking move- 
 ment, which was frequently interrupted by poetical por- 
 tions of varying length, now in one metre, now in another, 
 but all serving by their satire or humor or seriousness to 
 give clever touches of one sort and another to the course 
 of the narrative.^ This is the characteristic of the Menip- 
 pean satire. Compare in the Cena the close of chapter 34 
 and the two passages in chapter 6^. More numerous 
 examples of these poetical passages are found, however, 
 in the fragments of Petronius ^ not included in the Cena. 
 
 For the origin of this style of composition, one must 
 go back to Timon of Phlius, about 315-226 b.c, who was 
 the writer par excellence of humorous satirical narratives 
 and dialogues aimed at social follies of various kinds, 
 but mainly at the philosophers, whose schools were fail- 
 ing in the old lines of distinction and in the dignity and 
 sobriety of their teachings. His silloi, as such composi- 
 tions were called, were in verse only ; but we are told that 
 in Menippus, a Syrian of G-adara,^ there was a mixture 
 
 1 Cf. the alternation of prose with verse in Shakspere, e.g. in Tem- 
 pest ; cf. also Alice in Wonderland, or W. W. Story's He and She, 
 although this is not strictly a parallel. Holmes's Autocrat frequently 
 drops into poetry. 
 
 2 Cf. pages 114 ff . in Biicheler's third edition of the Satirae. Berlin, 
 1882. 
 
 3 The origin of the peculiar form of mixture of prose and verse, so 
 characteristic of the satires of Menippus, as well as of Varro's imita- 
 tions, is explained by Hirzel, Der Dialog, i. pp. 380-389. See also 
 Schanz, i. § 184: "As early as the time of Gorgias and Plato this 
 style of composition was coming into vogue. The fondness of the 
 Cynics for parodying the verses of Homer, and the tragic writers espe- 
 
 I 
 
INTRODUCTION. XV 
 
 of prose with the verse. Scarcely anything that Timon 
 or Menippus wrote has come clown to us, and both might 
 have been to us little more than mere names were it not 
 that the great voluminous Roman writer, M. Terentius 
 Varro (116-27 b.c), imitated the style of the latter in 
 150 books of Satirae Menijypeae, wherein, adhering quite 
 slavishly to the style and manner of his master, he 
 preached much serious wisdom through the vehicle of 
 satire and humor.^ These are preserved to us in a few 
 precious fragments,^ and furnish some fairlj^ good intima- 
 
 cially, may have influenced Meuippus of Gadara (third century b.c.) 
 to combine prose and verse freely in his burlesque writings, which were 
 doing their share in filling the place of the moribund Comedy. But it 
 is scarcely possible to say how and to what extent he did this." If we 
 may make any inference from Lucian, he probably parodied the verses 
 of those of whom he made sport, as Aristophanes parodies Euripides' 
 verses in the Frogs. That wapifdeiv, as well as simple ixifjLr)cni and 
 travesty, certainly played a great role in popular Latin literature, is 
 shown by the imitations of Varro, of Seneca, in the Apocolocyntosis, 
 and of Petronius. Aristides did not write his Milesian Tales in alter- 
 nating prose and verse; his translator, Sisenna, however, is named by 
 Fronto (Naber, p. 62) in a list of poets, and one little fragment of 
 Sisenna's, n6cte vagdtrix, seems to belong to a verse. Cf. Norden, 
 Kunstprosa, ii. 755 ff. 
 
 1 Says Varro (Cicero, Academica posteriora, 2, 8) : "in illis veteri- 
 bus nostris, quae Menippum imitati, non interpretati, quadam hilaritate 
 conspersimus, quo facilius minus docti intellegerent iucunditate qua- 
 dam ad legendum invitati, multa admixta ex intima philosophia, multa 
 dicta dialectice." Then, in 9, addressing Varro, Cicero says: " pluri- 
 mumque idem poetis nostris omninoque Latinis et litteris luminis et 
 verbis attulisti atque ipse varium et elegans omni fere numero poema 
 fecisti philosophiamque multis locis inchoasti, ad impellendum satis, ad 
 edocendum parum." Cf. Probus on Vergil, Ed. vi. 31 : " Varro qui est 
 Menippeus non a magistro, cuius aetas longe praecesserat, nominatus, 
 sed a societate ingenii, quod is quoque omnigeno carmine satiras suas 
 expoliaverat." Cf. Quiutilian, Inst. Orat. x. 1, 95; ii. 18. 
 
 2 These have been published by Biicheler in his third edition of 
 Petronius, pp. 161-224. 
 
XVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 tions of the style of the master. But it was reserved for 
 Lucian, fellow-countryman of Menippus, not so much to 
 interpret his literary style — for Lucian employs prose 
 alone — as to reveal the spirit of the old satirist, and, by 
 holding the mirror to him, to give us brilliant and fasci- 
 nating pictures of him in the dialogues entitled Charon^ 
 Menippus, and Icaromenippus. 
 
 III. The Satirae and their Principal Fragment. 
 
 Although it is not evident from the composition of 
 the Ce7ia alone, in which we have no admixture of verse 
 outside of chapters 34 and 55, in form the Satirae of 
 Petronius are Menippean. This conclusion is reached 
 from a study of the fragments beyond the Ceyia, and 
 of the probable mise-en-sc^ne of the considerable num- 
 ber of poetical excerpts from Petronius which we have. 
 This of course does not imply that the purpose of the 
 metrical portions is just the same as in previous writers 
 who employed Menippean satire. It is the characteristic 
 of Petronius that he so heartilv identifies himself with 
 the escapades and psychological moods of his characters 
 that the metrical portions are not the vehicle of expres- 
 sion for his own sentiments alone, but for those of his 
 characters also, with whom, in the metrical portions, he 
 often merges his own personality. This change from 
 objective to subjective treatment in the Menippean satire 
 was a distinct advance. 
 
 In the free and rapid history of the adventures and 
 escapades of his hero, Petronius probably shows the in- 
 fluence of that other class of literature represented by 
 accounts of marvellous travel which Statins Sebosus and 
 
INTRODUCTION. Xvii 
 
 Lucius Manilius ^ were writing at the beginning of the 
 first century B.C. ; their romantic element gave them 
 something in common with the Milesian Tales. The 
 hero in Petronius is a young man, by name Encolpius, 
 who is made to describe in his own person the experi- 
 ences which befell him and his comrades in a number of 
 places which they visited. Their travels, like those of 
 Odysseus, were not voluntary, but a forced wandering 
 begun in punishment for some violation of a temple of 
 the god Priapus by Encolpius.^ The anger of the offended 
 god becomes here, therefore, as the wrath of Poseidon 
 in the Odyssey, the compelling motif, causing and thus 
 unifying the action throughout all the episodes of the 
 story.^ But the time of Homer is not that of Petronius. 
 
 1 See above, p. vi; cf. Schanz, Rom. Lift. i. § 204. 
 
 2 Cf. Biicheler, 1st ed., p. vii; Friedlander, p. o; Schanz, I.e. n. 2, 
 p. 103. It is probably Encolpius who says in a chapter (139) at the end 
 of the Satirae, — 
 
 " et regnum Xeptuni pa-sit Ulixes. 
 
 me quoque per terras, per cani Nereos aequor 
 Hellespontiaci sequitur gravis ira Priapi." 
 
 Cf. with this his appeal to Priapus, chap. 133: — 
 
 " non sanguine tristi 
 perfusus venio. non templis impius bostis 
 admovi dextram, sed inops et rebus egenis 
 attritus facinus non toto corpore feci." 
 
 3 This is the theory of Elimer Klebs. The trials of Encolpius are a 
 parody on the woes of Odysseus, and done by Petronius with consum- 
 mate wit ; cf. Philologus, xlvii. 1889, p. 623 ff. " Es ist aber verkehrt," 
 says Schanz, "den helden zum Odysseus redivivus zu machen, wie 
 Biirger; " cf. Hermes, xxvii. 1892, p. 3K3 ; Heinze, Hermes, xxxiv. 1899, 
 p. 507. The idea of the Avenging Fury was, however, very common 
 among the Greeks. lo and Herakles are each harassed by the indig- 
 nant Hera ; the house of the Atridae inherits a curse from Pelops ; so 
 the house of Oedipus suffers, Aeneas is tossed on land and sea on 
 
XVIU INTRODUCTION". 
 
 The latter describes not only wonders and miraculous 
 adventures, but the ordinary follies and vices of men, 
 satirizing them as well, a thing which the Menippean 
 form of satire in which he wrote easily enabled him to do, 
 through its mingling of humorous and serious, prose and 
 verse. The work is therefore a Satira; Biicheler entitles 
 it Satirae. Only fragments of the fifteenth and sixteenth 
 books are in existence.^ It was too large a production 
 to survive entire, and since it therefore lent itself to 
 condensation, an abbreviated form of it was made very 
 early. From such an abbreviated or excerpted copy, as 
 late probably as the ninth century, the manuscripts are 
 descended which are still in existence. The complete 
 Petronius, being the more expensive, did not survive, so 
 far as we know, later than the seventh century.- The 
 best and also most connected fragment of the Satirae is 
 the Ce7ia Trimalchionis. For almost the entire portion 
 of this there is but one manuscript ; it was found in the 
 library of Cippius^by Marinus Statilius, about 1650, in 
 the little town of Trau on the east shore of the Adriatic.'* 
 
 account of the anger of Juno. Petronius may have meant to parody 
 the general Greek conception of the Avenging Fury rather than any 
 particular instance. 
 
 1 Biicheler, 1st ed., pp. vi, vii. Chapter 20 is said in an old codex 
 of Fulgentius to belong to the fourteenth book; cf. Biicheler, 1st ed., 
 p. 208, vii. On the possible range of scene and action in the Satirae, 
 cf. Heinze, I.e., p. 495, n. 1, and Biirger, I.e., p. 346, n. 5. 
 
 2 Biicheler, 1st ed., p. xi; Friedlander, pp. 10, 11; Peck, Trimal- 
 ehio's Dinner, pp. 50-54. 
 
 3 The first edition was published in Padua, 1664; in the same year 
 Tilebomenus (Jac. Mentel) published an edition in Paris; an edition 
 with notes by J. Scheffer appeared at Upsala, 1665; Reinesius brought 
 out his edition at Leipzig in 1666. 
 
 * R. Ellis states in the Journal of Philology, 1883, p. 266, that 
 in a letter written by Francis Veruon, dated 1675, the discoverer of 
 
INTRODUCTION. xix 
 
 In the Cena, as in the entire Satirae, the hero, Encol- 
 pius/ is the narrator ; Ascyltus and Giton ^ are his com- 
 rades. The rhetorician Agamemnon is with them ; but 
 after the Cena his place is taken by the insipid poet, 
 Enmolpus. From chapter llfi, the scene is laid in Cro- 
 tona ; but only in a general way is any intimation given 
 of the different scenes of action up to that point. The 
 home of Trimalchio, where the Cena was given, was a 
 Greek city^ situated on the sea,* and not far from Baiae '^ 
 and Capua.^ For these and certain other reasons ^ he is 
 thought to have lived at Cumae, though some difficulty 
 lies in the way of deciding definitely for Cumae. The 
 Cena extends from section 26 to 78 ; some of the scenes 
 which precede it must have been laid in Massilia. 
 
 As to the time in which the adventures and incidents 
 of the Satirae were laid, the decision is somewhat diffi- 
 cult, The most recent opinion favors the period toward 
 
 the Trau Ms. is named Mr. Stasileo; cf. Bursian's Jahresbericht, 
 1886, p. 198. 
 
 1 Regarding this hero, cf. Heinze, Lc, p. 506, n. 1. 
 
 2 Of these two, the boy Giton is the more prominent character. 
 
 3 Chap. 81. 4 Chapp. 77, 81. 5 Chap. 50. 6 chap. 62. 
 
 ' For the arguments in favor of Cumae, cf. Mommsen, Hermes, xiii. 
 1878, pp. 106 ff. His decision, since the place is a Greek town of Cam- 
 pania, lay between Naples, Misenum. Puteoli. and Cumae: yet some 
 objection could be made against each of these. However, there is one 
 positive argument in favor of Cumae, given by Mommsen, which car- 
 ried weight with Biicheler and brought Friedlander out of his un- 
 certainty (Bursian's Jahresbericht, xiv. p. 171) so as to accept Cumae 
 and to bracket Cinnis, chap. 48. as a word inserted by the epitomator, 
 and to decide in the Wochenschrift fiir Klassische Philologie, viii. p. 
 1315, against Haley {Harvard Studies in Classical Philology, ii. pp. 
 1^0), who had argued in favor of Puteoli. Schanz, in his second 
 edition, 1901, ceases to accept Friedlander's bracketing of Cumis, and 
 now admits " die bestimmung des ortes ist strittig." Cf. Schanz, n. 2, 
 p. 103, Der ort der handlung. 
 
XX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the end of the reign of Claudius or the beginning of 
 Nero's reign/ between 50 and 57 a.d. Whatever the date, 
 
 1 Mommsen, with whom Haley agrees, places the action of the Satirae 
 in the reign of Augustus, previous, therefore, to 14: a.d. He argues in 
 favor of this earlier date from Trimalchio's words, chap. 57, *' puer capil- 
 latus in hanc coloniam veni; adhuc basilica non erat facta." The 
 building of the basilica, he argues, was an important incident in the 
 founding of the Roman colony at Cumae, which falls between 42 and 
 26 B.C. If Trimalchio were ten years old then {puer capillatus) and sixty 
 at the time of the Cena, the banquet would fall between 8 and 24 a.d. 
 But, as Friedlander says, though numbers of new buildings were 
 erected to mark the colonial expansion of Cumae, the basilica may well 
 have been one of the very latest of them. Biicheler, 1st ed., p. vii, 
 decides in favor of the last years of the reign of Tiberius, 3.3-37 a.d.; 
 but this is excluded by the fact that in chap. 60 the reigning emperor 
 is styled pater patriae, an epithet which that emperor had persistently 
 refused. It is Friedlander who puts the date between 50 and 57 a.d., 
 basing his argument on Trimalchio's second cognomen, Maecenatianus, 
 chap. 71, and the mention of the musical virtuoso, Apelles, chap. 64, and 
 the composer, Menecrates, chap. 73, individuals whom everybody knew. 
 The former was famous under Caligula, the latter under Xero. Indeed, 
 Friedlander's argument rests mainly upon the mention of those two 
 names. The Scaurus named in chap. 77 need not, he believes, be 
 taken as one of the family of the Aemilii Scauri which became extinct 
 in 34 A.D. Nor is the fact that August is still called Sextilis, chap. 53, 
 a proof that the Cena was written before or after 7 a.d., in which year 
 the change of name was made. Common people cling to old names, and 
 Petronius can for that reason have represented the secretary of Tri- 
 malchio as still employing the name Sextilis. As to the hundred year 
 old Opimian wine placed on the table, chap. 34, it furnishes the host 
 further occasion for ignorant boasting. The emperor, under whom mal- 
 leable glass was discovered, chap. 51, was probably Tiberius; c/. Pliuy. 
 Nat. Hist, xxxvi. 195; Dio Cassius, Ivii. 21. As to Apelles and Mene- 
 crates, they must have been the distinguished bearers of these names 
 whom we know from other sources; cf. Dio Cassius, lix. 5; Sueton. 
 Nero, c. 30. It would be remarkable if in Petronius's time there were 
 two men answering to each of these names, the two in the Ceiia being 
 unheard of except for Petronius. The Apelles in the Cena, spoken of 
 as already belonging to the past, is the artist who flourished under 
 Caligula ; while Menecrates is the composer whom Nero honored so 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXI 
 
 even though it be the Augustan period, Petronius is de- 
 scribing the life of his own times, and has no intention 
 of making or developing contrasts between it and the life 
 under Augustus, nor can we doubt that, in chapters 89 and 
 119-124, Petronius is making innuendoes at the poems of 
 Nero and Lucan, who are post- Augustan personages. 
 
 IV. Date and Identity of Petronius. 
 
 That the author of the Satirae was a Petronius Arbiter 
 is attested by ancient writers and grammarians, as well 
 as by all the manuscripts of the work.^ It is also quite 
 universally- accepted now that our author is the Petro- 
 nius mentioned and described by Tacitus in the Annales 
 as one of the numerous intimates of Nero. That he 
 belouged to the time of Xero was first demonstrated with 
 satisfaction bv G. Studer^ in 1843. This demonstration 
 was based chiefly upon the internal evidence furnished 
 
 highly, and Claudius may already have distinguished. " The manner 
 in which both names are mentioned warrants," says Friedlander, 
 " our assuming the time of the Cena to he the end of Claudius's reign 
 or the beginning of Xero's. If it be the former, the author is easily 
 pardoned for giving it a bit of Xeronic coloring from his own times." 
 
 1 Biicheler. 1st ed., p. iii. 
 
 2 Cruttwell, Bom. Lit. p. 394 : " Who he was is not certainly known." 
 Mackail, Lat. Lit. p. 183: "One of the emperor's [Nero's] intimate 
 circle in the excesses of his later years." Teuffel, Rom. Lit. Gesch. 
 1890, p. 743 : " Welchen man fiir den von Xero im J. 66 zum tode 
 genotigten Petronius halten darf." Biicheler, 1st ed., p. v: " Valde 
 probabiliter eundem esse quem Xero morte damnavit." Cf. Fried- 
 lander, p. 3. ^Yith these Schanz agrees in both editions. See also 
 Peck, Trimalchio's Dinner, pp. 45-48. 
 
 8 In the Rhein. Mus. ii. pp. 50, 202. Merivale's History of the Ro- 
 mans, chap, liii, gives in abstract a fair idea of the general nature of a 
 portion of his argument. 
 
Xxil INTRODUCTION. 
 
 by the Satirae itself, that is, upon the study of its dic- 
 tion, including vocabulary and the author's descriptive 
 style, and of the contents of the story, including allu- 
 sions to persons, customs, and historical conditions which 
 could belong to a certain age only, which Studer, as has 
 been said, showed was the middle of the first century 
 A.D. The language, the metre in the poetical passages, 
 the social conditions described, are those of Nero's time. 
 " The critique of Lucan's Pharsalia, by way of parody, in 
 chapters 119-124, would fail of all meaning and value 
 unless it had been written in Lucan's time or very soon 
 thereafter ; while the contents and bearing of that short 
 poetic passage on the fall of Troy, the Troiae Halosis, in 
 chapter 89, could not be appreciated unless Petronius's 
 parody were the work of a contemporary of Kero." It 
 was, in fact, a bit of parody or satire on Nero's attempts 
 at poetry.-^ Criticism in Petronius, like criticism in gen- 
 eral, and especially literary criticism, is directed against 
 present conditions. 
 
 If an author, moreover, may be judged from his works, 
 no one could more fairly be held to be the author of the 
 Satirae than the Petronius whom Nero fancied for a 
 season and finally cast off and put to death. " He was 
 a man," says Tacitus,^ "who devoted the day to sleep 
 and spent the night in business or pleasure, and was 
 distinguished rather for his idleness than for his thrift ; 
 one who gained the reputation, not of a glutton or of a 
 profligate, like most spendthrifts, but of a cultured epi- 
 cure, whose words and deeds were accepted all the more 
 
 1 Cf. Schanz, ed. 1901, ii. 2, pp. 11 and 106; "Die Troica und die 
 "AXwo-ts Neros." 
 
 2 Annales^ xvi. 18 and 19. 
 
INTRODUCTION. Xxiii 
 
 gladly as models of simplicity in proportion as they were 
 unconventional and careless. As proconsul in Bithynia, 
 and afterwards consul suifectus, he proved himself active 
 and equal to his work ; but upon returning to his evil 
 ways, or possibly by a pretence of evil, he became one of 
 Xero's few and most intimate friends, his authority in 
 matters of taste,^ so that, fatigued with pleasures, the 
 Emperor thought nothing charming or delicate unless 
 Fetronius had approved it. Thus Tigellinus became 
 jealous of him as a powerful rival through his skill in 
 entertaining, and addressing himself to that greatest of 
 Nero's vices, his cruelty, he accused Petronius of intimacy 
 with Scae\4nus. He bribed a slave to substantiate the 
 charge, prevented all defence, and threw a large part of 
 the household of Petronius into prison. Nero happened 
 at that time to be on his way to Campania, and Petro- 
 nius had followed him as far as Cumae, where he was 
 arrested. He decided not to prolong his life between 
 hope and fear, nor to put an immediate end to it ; 
 but opening his veins and binding them repeatedly, he 
 conversed with his friends, not on serious topics or such 
 as might have shown his firmness of spirit. Nor did he 
 
 1 Cf. Pope, Essay on Criticism : — 
 
 *' Fancy and art in gay Petronius please, 
 The scholar's learning, with the courtier's ease." 
 
 In the language of Ophelia in praise of Hamlet, he was " the glass 
 of fashion and the mould of form." 
 
 The cognomen Arbiter is a puzzle. It may be that it stuck to him, 
 as Mommsen thinks {Hermes, xiii. p. 107), from the title arbiter ele- 
 gantiae, which was given to him in good-natured jest at court. " On the 
 other hand, Biicheler (Xeiies Schiceizerische Museum, in. p. 18) holds," 
 says Schanz, " that already having the cognomen Arbiter, he was dubbed 
 elegantiae arbiter by his fellows." C/. Schanz, Rom. Litt. n. 2, p. 
 107 n. 
 
XXIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 listen to any discussion on the immortality of the soul 
 or to the wise saws of philosophers, but only to frivolous 
 songs and gay verses. To some of his slaves he gave 
 largesses ; others he directed to be punished. He feasted 
 and slept, that his death, though violent, might seem 
 due to accident. Nor, as most men do when so situated, 
 did he in his will extol Nero or Tigellinus or any other of 
 those in power ; but, employing names of rakes and dis- 
 solute women, he described the Emperor's crimes and 
 each new form of his license, sealed the account and sent 
 it to Nero.^ He broke his ring also, lest it be used forth- 
 with for some mischief. To Nero, wondering how the 
 nature of his nightly ventures was discovered, the name 
 of Silia was suggested as the informant, a woman of some 
 notoriety by reason of her marriage with a senator ; she 
 knew personally of all the Emperor's excesses and was 
 very intimate with Petronius." 
 
 This work, therefore, which bore the title of Satirae 
 (Satyricon in the manuscripts) and was written by a Pe- 
 tronius, and, judging from a study of its contents, most 
 probably belonged to the middle of the first century a.d., 
 must with equal probability have been written by the 
 Petronius described by Tacitus, who belongs to this same 
 period, if ever a presumable author may be fairly decided 
 upon from the writings attributed to him. 
 
 1 This document, which set down in black and white the crimes of 
 Nero, should not be identified with the Satirae. No doubt the former 
 was unpleasantly personal and destined for Nero alone. Besides, Pe- 
 tronius did not have time enough to compose so long and so literary a 
 piece of work as the entire Satirae must have been. Studer fell into 
 the error of identifying the two ; but Ritter set the matter right in the 
 same volume of the Rhein. Mus. pp. 561 ff.; c/. Peck, Trimalchio's 
 Dinner, p. 49. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXV 
 
 V. The Contents of the Satirae. 
 
 The fragments of the Satirae, as has been said, are 
 from the fifteenth and sixteenth books. They begin 
 with a scene in which Encolpius inveighs against the 
 decline of oratory. He describes the affected pathos, 
 the hollow phrases and ranting of the schools, as all 
 wrong, and blames the teachers. But Agamemnon, who 
 is himself a teacher, puts the blame upon the scholars 
 and parents, whom the teachers must please if they 
 would not keep school to themselves. During this dis- 
 cussion, Ascyltus, the companion of Encolpius, slips 
 awav. The latter decides to return to his hotel, but is 
 unable to find it, and inquires the way of an old herb- 
 woman; she conducts him to a house of questionable 
 character, where to his surprise Ascyltus reappears. 
 Together they return to their quarters, only to fall 
 into a quarrel, however, over the young Giton, the 
 special pet and favorite of Encolpius. After a short 
 estrangement and separation, they renew their friend- 
 ship and appear together in the forum, trying to dis- 
 pose of a pallium. While doing so, they discover a 
 countryman with a tunic which they had themselves 
 lost, with some coins sewed up in it. The countryman 
 and his wife lay claim to the pallium, which they 
 declare had been stolen from them, while Encolpius and 
 his friend, in turn, recover the tunic. They are next 
 visited by a certain Quartilla, whom they had inter- 
 rupted in her offerings to Priapus and must satisfy for 
 the wrong thus done and for the affliction from which 
 she is suffering. After undergoing various punish- 
 ments they banquet with her and a number of other 
 
XXVI INTRODUCTION. 
 
 guests ; at the close, all fall asleep. Syrians, in the 
 meantime, enter and begin to make off with the silver. 
 This, however, awakens the guests ; a cinaedus enters, 
 and assaults them. This scene is followed by the cele- 
 bration of a mock marriage between Quartilla's maid 
 and the boy Giton. At this point the Cena begins. 
 
 With Ascyltus and Giton, Encolpius goes to dine at 
 the house of the freedman Trimalchio. First they 
 take the baths, and find there the old gentleman play- 
 ing ball (26-27). Thence they follow him to his house. 
 Filled with admiration and wonder at what they see 
 upon entering, they advance to the triclinium (28-31). 
 They take their places, and a light appetizer is served, 
 Trimalchio reclining with them, but continuing a game 
 of dice which he had begun (31-33). His abilities as 
 a host are praised ; when the first course, with wine, 
 is served, he urges the company to eat, drink, and be 
 merry (34-36). Encolpius learns from one of the guests 
 somewhat concerning Trimalchio, his wife, and the other 
 guests (37-38). The host shows his knowledge of " phil- 
 ology," and on the serving of the second course excuses 
 himself from the company (39-41). In his absence the 
 conversation becomes free : Dama talks about the weather; 
 Seleucus, about a funeral ; Phileros, about the deceased 
 man and his brother ; Ganymedes, about the scarcity of 
 provisions caused by the dishonesty of aediles and the 
 impiety of man ; Echion, about the town games, the can- 
 didates for the aedileship, learning, and the education of 
 his son (41-46). Trimalchio returns, and directs that a 
 pig be slain and prepared forthwith for the dinner; after 
 being cooked, it is drawn, in the presence of the guests. 
 The conversation turns upon medicine, rhetoric, some his- 
 
INTRODUCTION. XVll 
 
 torical events, and the craze for bric-a-brac (47-52). Half- 
 seas over, the host undertakes to dance the cordax; he 
 listens to his secretary's account of the day's doings on 
 his estates ; while watching the performances of some 
 tumblers, he is wounded by a boy who falls upon his 
 couch (52-54). He composes an epigram upon this acci- 
 dent, and, talking about poets, compares Cicero and Syrus, 
 learning with technical skill, oxen with bees, until the 
 bonbons are distributed (55-56). Hermeros, a fellow 
 freedman of Trimalchio's, discovers Giton and Ascyltus 
 laughing at this, and takes them to task (57-58). Actors 
 of Homeric scenes enter, and one of them, impersonating 
 the mad Ajax, cuts to pieces some boiled veal. Fruit 
 and flasks of ointment are distributed; honor is paid to 
 the gods (59-60). Xiceros tells a story of a soldier 
 who changed into a wolf, and Trimalchio one about the 
 witches and the touch of the evil hand (61-63). Tri- 
 malchio becomes effusive toward one of his friends, his 
 pet boy, his house dog, and his slaves (64). While fur- 
 ther delicacies are served, the festive Habinnas enters 
 with his wife Scintilla, and describes a dinner from 
 which he has just come ; he insists that Trimalchio's 
 wife, Fprtuuata, join them ; and while she is talking 
 with Scintilla about her jewels, he lifts her feet up 
 from the couch upon which she was reclining (65-67). 
 A side dish is finally served ; the attendant of Habin- 
 nas furnishes some vocal performances; the guests are 
 anointed ; slaves are admitted into the room. Trimal- 
 chio brings tears to his household by reciting his 
 will (68-71). He takes a bath to recover from his 
 drunken condition, and renews festivities in a second 
 triclinium (72-74). He falls to quarrelling with his 
 
XXVIU INTRODUCTION. 
 
 wife, and talks of his past history, his home, his suc- 
 cesses, and his expectations. Finally, he orders the 
 trumpeters to strike up for him the funeral measure ; 
 hereupon great tumult ensues, during which Encolpius 
 escapes with Giton and Ascyltus (75-78). Here the 
 Cena ends. 
 
 Encolpius returns home, and during the night loses 
 Giton, who was carried olf by Ascyltus. This leads to 
 a rupture in their friendship. Giton decides to share 
 the fortunes of Ascyltus, to the great grief of Encol- 
 pius, who in his frenzy plans the murder of Ascyltus. 
 He is brought to his right senses by a soldier, however, 
 and lays aside his sword. He strays into a picture 
 gallery, and, while consoling himself with pictures of 
 amorous scenes, he is accosted by the poet Eumolpus, 
 who apologizes for his poverty stricken estate by his 
 devotion to the Muses. After Encolpius is regaled by 
 the account Eumolpus gives of some incidents of his 
 life at Pergamus, he asks why painting and other arts 
 have declined ; his companion blames the mercantile 
 spirit of the times, and interprets in tragic verse a 
 picture representing the fall of Troy. A shower of 
 stones from the bystanders drives the tedious Eumolpus 
 away. At the baths, Encolpius finds Giton and takes 
 him to his quarters, while Ascyltus, hunting for Giton, 
 who had taken charge of his clothes, is befriended by 
 a E-oman knight. Eumolpus joins Encolpius in his 
 rooms and proceeds to compose more verse, but is 
 checked by the latter, though admired by Giton. The 
 poet confesses his love for the boy and is promptly 
 driven out by Encolpius, who is, however, neatly locked 
 in his room by the fleeing poet. Filled with rage and 
 
INTR0DUCT10:S. XXIX 
 
 with fear for Giton, who had gone out a few moments 
 before, Encolpius is about to hang liimself, when the 
 two return, and the coaxings of Giton recall his master 
 to his senses. Another guest comes in, to complain of 
 the tumult; a quarrel ensues, in which the poet, who 
 has ousted and pursued the intruder, is in turn soundly 
 beaten — a feast to the eyes of Encolpius — till the 
 landlord brings him aid. Ascyltus now comes in with 
 a crier, seeking Giton, who hides beneath the mattress 
 and eludes them. Eumolpus, however, returns and 
 threatens to reveal his whereabouts, but, between the 
 kisses of Giton and the tears of Encolpius, is induced 
 to keep quiet. Good will now prevails, and the three 
 take ship for some port unknown. 
 
 Here Encolpius discovers that he has fallen among 
 old enemies, — Lichas, the master of the ship, and Try- 
 phaena. They plan to escape from their danger, and 
 decide that Eumolpus shall pretend that the other two, 
 with shaven heads and branded foreheads, are his run- 
 away slaves. Warned by a dream and the information 
 of a passenger who was stricken with terror on seeing 
 the men shaving on shipboard, Lichas and Tryphaena 
 order the offenders to be dragged out and beaten; Giton 
 is recognized by the one, Encolpius by the other. Both 
 Tryphaena and Eumolpus try to secure their pardon ; 
 their efforts end in a quarrel, which is settled by the 
 appeals of the pilot. A truce is declared, and har- 
 mony restored with plenty of good eating and drinking. 
 Eumolpus recites some verses apropos of his baldheaded 
 slaves, whose appearance is somewhat restored by the 
 aid of false curls. Eumolpus satirizes woman's fickle- 
 ness also, and tells the story of a certain widow of 
 
XXX INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Ephesus. While they are thus beguiling the time, and 
 love is making merry among them, the sea rises ; Lichas 
 is drowned, Tryphaena is placed in a boat, while Giton 
 and Encolpius embrace each other and commit them- 
 selves to the waves. They are saved from death, and 
 drag Eumolpus to land; they bewail the unhappy end 
 of Lichas, and perform the rites due to his body. 
 
 They now make their way to a city not far distant, 
 which turns out to be Crotona, notorious for its legacy 
 hunters. They propose to take advantage of this repu- 
 tation of the town and, by pretending to have large 
 estates in Africa, to deceive the inhabitants and re- 
 habilitate their fortunes. They install Eumolpus as 
 their master, and swear devotion to him. En route, 
 Eumolpus delivers himself of a poem of considerable 
 length, " On the Civil War," as the model for an author 
 who treats history in verse. They enter Crotona; their 
 scheme succeeds. Encolpius, under the assumed name 
 Polyaenos, is caught in the meshes of the fair Circe. 
 He offends her by his coolness, and to her letter of 
 complaint sends her a reply excusing himself. Again 
 he sees her ; again his coolness, with which even he 
 himself is offended on returning home. He seeks 
 relief at a temple of Priapus, and begins to be him- 
 self once more by the help of the priestess Oenothea; 
 from whose tedious cure he, however, flees. Finally, 
 a mother commends her sons to Eumolpus as his heirs ; 
 but in his will he has ordered candidates for his fortune 
 to consume the body of the testator. 
 
 Erom this rapid survey of the fragments of the Satirae 
 it may easily be seen what the nature of the entire work 
 must have been, what a wild succession of adventures it 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXXI 
 
 contained, and, as has been said above, how greatly it 
 differed from the modern novels of character study. 
 It is not unlike the novels of that school of the eigh- 
 teenth century to which Fielding and Smollett belong, 
 nor, except for coarseness in a considerable number of 
 the fragments, does it greatly differ from those rapid 
 and absorbing chapters in such tales of Stevenson, as 
 Treasure Island, Kidnapped, and Tlie Dynamiter} 
 
 1 It is tempting to conjecture what the size of the original and com- 
 plete Satirae was, in comparison with the excerpted edition which has 
 come down to us ; cf. Burger, Derantike Roman vor Petronius ; Hermes, 
 xxvii. 1892, p. 347, note: "It is not noted with sufficient care that 
 what we have of Petronius comprises only excerpts from two and pos- 
 sibly three books, and very short excerpts at that. Their relation to 
 the original in size may be judged by comparing the only fairly com- 
 plete section preserved — namely, the Cena Trimalchionis, as contained 
 in the Trau Ms. — with the remaining excerpts. Of the thirty-four 
 pages which this covers in Biicheler's text, only six have the parallel 
 excerpts found in Scaliger's copy. That is, the Trau Ms. and Scaliger's 
 copy agree for only one-sixth of the entire Cena ; the remaining twenty- 
 four pages have scarcely a single excerpt by Scaliger. That the original 
 excerptor cut Petronius as badly as Scaliger cut his original cannot 
 be said ; yet his method was the same. Whenever he decided to in- 
 clude in his abridgment any particular section of Petronius, he began 
 liberally ; then his excerpts came to be fewer and shorter very rapidly. 
 Cf. the narratives in chaps. 16-21 and 110-113. These are instances 
 of those inserted scenes of which Petronius was fond and which he 
 worked up with some fulness, while the later excerptor ruthlessly and 
 with good conscience cut out five-sixths of their contents. If there 
 were originally seventeen books of the Satirae, and if we make the 
 reasonable assumption that the Cena is in size equal to about one of 
 them, the complete original must have numbered about 600 pages, 
 attaining a length which equalled the novels of Cervantes and Lesage, 
 if it did not actually surpass them." 
 
 Cf. Macrobius, Somn. Scipionis, i. 2, 8: " auditum mulcent velut 
 comoedlae, quales Menander eiusve imitatores agendas dederunt, vel 
 argumenta fictis casibus amatorum referta, quibus vel multum Arbiter 
 se exercuit vel Apuleiura nonnunquam lusisse miramur." This implies 
 
XXXll INTRODUCTION. 
 
 VI. Peculiarities in the Language and Style of 
 
 THE CeNA TrIMALCHIONIS. 
 
 In the account of Trimalchio's Dinner, Petronius speaks 
 not only in his own person, through Encolpius, employ- 
 ing the pure language and style natural to him as one 
 of the best writers of Silver Latin and as an arbiter ele- 
 gantiae, but also in the extremely different character of 
 the illiterate nouveau riche. We have, therefore, in the 
 conversation at Trimalchio's table, very characteristic 
 specimens of both the Sermo Urbanus and the Sermo 
 Plebeius in the time of the early emperors. 
 
 VOWEL AND CONSONANT CHANGES. 
 
 A. Interchange of Vo"wels. 
 
 1. i occurs in place of e in the final syll. nom. s. 
 3d decl. in the Sermo Plebeius, as volpis uda, 58, 35, for 
 
 that Petronius 's novel was much more extensive than the same work of 
 Apuleius ; since the Metamorphoses of the latter is itself no small work, 
 it may be judged how large indeed must have been the original Satirae 
 of Petronius. 
 
 In Hermes, xxxiv. 1899, p. 495, n., Heinze {Petron und der griech- 
 ische Roman) comes at the matter a little differently. He thinks 
 that in the process of excerption only about one-third was cut out. 
 If, with the rather doubtful authorities we have, we assume that 
 the excerpts of book XV begin at chap. 26, and divide the remainder 
 through chap. 141 (or the ninety pages which these cover) into two parts, 
 assigning them respectively to the fifteenth and sixteenth books, we 
 have forty-five pages for each, representing two-thirds of the original. 
 That is, each book in complete form would have filled about fifty-five 
 printed pages. The original sixteen would then have filled 880 pages, 
 — a gigantic affair. But the matter will not be so bad if we assume, as 
 there is some ground for doing, that the excerpts extend through four 
 books of the original. Even that, however, makes the original novel very 
 long — longer than the longest Greek novel, which Heliodorus wrote. 
 

 INTRODUCTION. XXXlll 
 
 vulpes uda; so Odyssian for Odyssean, 29, 21 ; cf. Varro, 
 Menippeae, 60 (ed. Biich. p. 1G8). 
 
 2. u occurs in place of t, as dupunduarius, 58, 19, for 
 dupundiarius ; ipsumam, 69, 9 ; peduduni, 57, 26 ; ossucula, 
 65, 27. 
 
 w- also occurs for o in dupunduarius, 58, 19 (c/. 74, 38), 
 for dupondiarius. 
 
 3. occurs in place of u, as in /ioc illoc, 39, 23 ; is^oc, 
 57, 40 ; cf . plovebat, 44, 40. 
 
 o occurs for a in percolopahant, 44, 11, for percolapa- 
 hant; for a?z in oi ^cukifie s, 43, 17 ; codex, 74, 35 ; plodo, 
 45, 42; copo, 39, 30 and 61, 14; in 98, however, Petr. '. o^ 
 uses caupo in the serm. urbajius. 
 
 B. Syncope of Vowels. Epenthesis. 
 
 1. Unaccented l is dropped, as in caldus, used through- 
 out by Petr. except in one fragment, for calidus; so cal- 
 facio, 41, 27 ; caldicerebrius, 45, 10. 
 
 2. -es is syncopated to -s in the nom. s. 3d decl. in 
 stips for stipes, 43, 14. 
 
 3. Unaccented u may disappear, as in cardelis, 46, 14, 
 for carduelis; oclopetam, 35, 11, for oculopetam ; so j^edw- 
 clum, 57, 26 ; rididei, 57, 27 ; bublum, 44, 23 ; q//fa, 56, 18. 
 
 4. Epenthesis occurs in fericulus, 39, 11 and 68, 6, for 
 fei'cnlum; cf. i-e^i^o, 47, 13 and 53, 16, for veto. 
 
 C. Consonants. 
 
 1. Loss of aspiration occurs, as in percolopabant, 44, 11, 
 for -colaphabant ; so berbex, 57, 4, a reading for vervex; 
 tisicus, 64, 11, for phthisicus. 
 
 2. In Greek words, initial t, becomes s, as saplutus, 37, 
 10 ; sacritus, 63, 7, = StaKpiro?, 8ux- having passed into a 
 2 sound, as in Aeolic Greek. 
 
 Ju 
 
XXXIV INTRODUCTION. 
 
 3. r may be wrongly inserted near a dental, if credrae 
 and culcitra, 38, 2 and 10, are correct readings for cedrae 
 and culcita. 
 
 4. On the other hand, r may disappear, as in susutti^ 
 77, 12, = sursum. 
 
 VOCABULARY. WORD FORMATION. 
 
 A. Greek Words. These abound throughout the Sati- 
 rae, since the characters are Greek and the action takes 
 place in a number of Greek towns. In this regard, 
 Petronius strongly suggests Plautus and Terence. Cf. 
 the Index, under Greek Words. 
 
 B. Diminutives. As in Cicero's Letters and in the 
 comic poets, diminutives are numerous in Petronius on 
 account of their expressiveness. They occur in the 
 Sermo Urbanus as well as in the Sermo Plebeius. Cf. 
 the Index, under Dimiiniitive Nouns. 
 
 C. Derivative and Compounds. The plebeian fond- 
 ness for " effective long words, whether derivatives or 
 compounds," may be traced to some extent in Petr., 
 although not so evident here as in the comic poets, 
 Apuleius or Lucian. 
 
 1. -monium : tristimonium, 63, 9 ; gaudimonium, 61, 7 ; 
 for tristitia, gaudium. 
 
 2. (a) -ax : abstinax, 42, 10 ; nugax, 52, 13 ; (h) -arius : 
 pullarius, oricidarius, 43, 27 and 17 ; so sestertiarius, dnpun- 
 duarius, micarius, caligarius; (c) -osus : ccdcitrosus, 39, 18 ; 
 dignitossus, 57, 36 ; linguosus, 43, 9 ; (d) -ivus : dbsentivos, 
 33, 2 ; -bundus : cantahundus, 62, 7. 
 
 3. Adverbs in -m, -iter : urceatim, 44, 39 ; largiter, 71, 
 
 r 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXXV 
 
 21 ; corporaliter, 61, 16. Suaviter in the combination s?/a- 
 viter esse or facer e occurs four times. 
 
 4. (a) Verbs, intensive, inchoative, and desiderative in 
 form, occur, as adiutare, 62, 23 ; amplexare, 63, 21 ; dictare, 
 45, 39 ; frunisci, 43, 19, 44, 34, 75, 6 ; exopinissare, 62, 34 ; 
 canturii'e, 64, 7. (b) Denominatives occur, as aginare, 61, 
 22 ; ajjocidare, 62, 5, 67, 5 ; argutare, 46, 2, 57, 28 ; convi- 
 vare, 57, 6 ; cidare, 38, 4 ; so decoUare, improperare, man- 
 ducare, molestare, 7iaufragare, percolopare. 
 
 5. Here belongs an extensive list of part. adj. in -atuSy 
 as expudoratus, 39, 15 j cf. the Index, under -atus. 
 
 INFLECTION. 
 
 A. Declension. 
 
 1. The following Greek nouns in -/xa of the 3d decl. 
 appear as of the 1st : schema, 44, 16 ; stigma, 45, 28 ; 69, 4. 
 
 2. The neut. intestina appears as a fem. of the 1st decl., 
 76, 28. 
 
 3. Nouns of the 1st decl. appear as of the 2d, as sta- 
 tunculum, 50, 17 ; m,argaritum, 63, 7 ; quisquilia, 75, 19 ; 
 seplasium, 76, 14. 
 
 4. The 2d decl. forms, vasus and vasum, occur in 57, 29 
 and 51, 6, for vas; cf. pauperorum, 46, 4. 
 
 B. Case Forms. Irregularities are found, as hovis, 62, 
 31, for bos; lovis, 47, 11; 58, 7, for Iiijypiter; sanguen, 
 59, 4, for sanguis; lacte, 38, 2, for Zac; excellente, 45, 8; 
 66, 9, for excellens; Phileronem, 46, 29, for Philerotem; 
 Niceronem, 63, 2, for Nicerotem; diibus, 44, 35, for diis. 
 
 C. Case Forms and Gender. Irregularities occur — 
 
 1. In the use of the masculine for the neuter, as bal- 
 neus, 41, 27 ; balniscus, 42, 2 ; caelus, 39, 11 and 45, 6 ; 
 
XXXVl INTRODUCTION. 
 
 fatus, 42, 13, c/. note ; 71, 3 ; 77, 8 ; so candelabrits,fericulus, 
 lasanus, lorus, reticulus, vasus, vinus, lactem. 
 
 2. The converse occurs in liby-a rubricata, 46, 22 ; nervia 
 praecisa, 45, 38 ; thesaurimi, 46, 32. 
 
 D. Ipsimus. The superlative of ipse occurs as a sub- 
 stitute for dominus mens, as ipsimi, 75, 27 ; cf . ipsumam, 
 69, 9 and 75, 29. 
 
 E. Irregularities in Conjugation. 
 
 1. In forms, as vinciturum, 45, 33, for vicUirum; do- 
 mata, 74, 37, for domita; mavoluit, 77, 15, for maluit; 
 parsero, 58, 17, fov pepercero; faciantur, 71, 32, foTjiant; 
 farsi, 69, 20, for farti ; so fefellitus sum, for falsus sum. 
 
 2. In change of conj., as defraudit, 69, 5, for defraudat. 
 
 3. In change of voice, (a) to the active form, as am- 
 plexaret, 63, 21 ; argutat, 46, 2 ; argutas, 57, 28 ; convivare, 
 57, 6 ; exhortavit, 76, 24 ; (6) to the passive form, as 
 detector, 45, 19 and 64, 6 ; fastiditum, 48, 10 ; rideatur, 
 
 57, 9; somniatur, 74, 36; pudeatur, 47, 9. 
 
 SYNTAX. 
 
 A. Cases. The accus. encroaches upon the dat. and 
 abl., as te persuadeam, 46, 6 ; so 62, 2 ; maiorem maledicas, 
 
 58, 41 ; aedites mate eveniat, 44, 5 ; ?neos fruniscar, 44, 34 ; 
 quod frunitus est, 43, 19; c/i 75, 6. 
 
 B. Pronouns. The nom. tu is occasionally used with 
 apparent redundancy, as when a speaker addresses some 
 one of the guests very pointedly ; so in the comic poets. 
 Cf. tu dominam . . . fecisti, etc., 77, 2-5 ; ?>o tu . . . laho- 
 riosus es, etc., 57, 25-30. With this cf. the use of ego, in 
 ego me apoculo, 67, 5 ; damnavi ego, 41, 9 ; sedeo ego, 62, 7. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXXVU 
 
 C. Adverbs. Occasionally they take the place of pred, 
 adjectives, as aeque est ac si, 42, 19 ; belle erit, 46, 8 ; sole- 
 bas suavius esse, 61, 3; tarn fui quam vos, 75, 17; so sit 
 vinearum largiter, 71, 21. Desperatum is used as insanum 
 in Plautus in desperatum valde ingeniosus, 68, 21. 
 
 Negatives are repeated for vividness, as neminem nihil 
 boni facere oportet, 42, 18 ; nee sursum nee deorsum non 
 cresco, 58, 15 ; so in 76, 4. The appearance of this usage 
 in the Cena is probably due to the fact that the speakers 
 who employ it are of Greek origin. 
 
 D. Conjunctions. 
 
 1. Et may be used redundantly, as in caseum et sapam 
 et cochleas, etc., 66, 20. It adds a summarizing notion to 
 several which precede, as aqua lasani et cetera minutalia, 
 47, 15 ; of. 47, 29 and 74, 23. Occasionally, in lively talk, 
 et stands for tamen or sed, as, 45, 42, munus tamen, inquit, 
 tibi dedi . . . et ego tibi plodo ; so in 57, 14. Sometimes 
 it is strengthened by ecce, as in 40, 8, et ecce canes Laco- 
 nici; so in 45, 8. It may have the force of et quidem, 
 as in 39, 13, 41, 26, or 51, 24. In 74, 18, et quidem is 
 found, followed by hi autem, suggesting the contrast ot 
 fxkv . . . ot SI On the omission of et see p. xlii, under 
 Asyndeton. 
 
 2. Que and atque do not occur- in the Sermo Plebeius in 
 Petr. ; ac is found but once, and then as a comparative. 
 At is used for autem; once it is strengthened by contra. 
 It contrasts persons, as at ille; at ilia; at ego = 6 8e, 17 
 Se, cyo) Se. Three times at non occurs in a kind of mock 
 seriousness, as 49, 20, at non ita Trimalchio. 
 
 3. Quia is found strengthened by enim, in order to 
 make assurance doubly sure, as 51, 11, quia enim . . . 
 
XXXVIU INTRODUCTION. 
 
 aurum pro Into haberemus. It has here its original cor- 
 roborative force. 
 
 E. Prepositions. Prepositions are used with occasional 
 irregularity : — 
 
 1. Sometimes they are omitted, as Africam ire, 48, 7 ; 
 cultros Norico ferro = cultros ex Norico ferro, 70, 8. 
 
 2. Prae occurs with the accusative in prae mala sua, 
 39, 29 ; prae litteras, 46, 5. 
 
 3. In occurs with the accusative for the ablative in 
 fui in funus, that is, contuli me in funus et adfui, 42, 5 ; 
 videbo te in publicum, 58, 14. 
 
 4. Conversely, the ablative occurs for the accusative in 
 voca cocum in medio, 49, 8; possibly in in balneo sequi, 
 26, 11. 
 
 5. So for as for /oris in foras cenat, 30, 12 ; foras est 
 vulpes, 44, 31. 
 
 SPECIAL PECULIARITIES OF STYLE. 
 
 A. Proverbs. Proverbs and popular forms of expres- 
 sion, " as vehicles of everyday feeling, experience, and 
 wisdom," are frequent, as in the comic poets and Varro. 
 Cf. the Index, under Proverbs. 
 
 B. Comparisons. These are common, as a popular and 
 natural form of picturesque characterization. Cf. udi tam- 
 quam mures, 44, 41 ; so orbis vertitur tamquam mola et 
 terra bona omnia in se habet tamquam favus. In these 
 comparisons, tamquam (sometimes tamquam si) is used. 
 Cf, the Index, under Tamquam. Tamquam is omitted 
 when the comparison becomes an equation, as phantasia 
 non homo, 38, 32. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XXXIX 
 
 C. Alliteration. Paronomasia. 
 
 1. Alliteration, common in the older language and in 
 the Menippean Satires of Varro, occurs in the conversation 
 of the Cena. Cf. the Index, under Alliterations. 
 
 2. Paronomasia is seen (a) in repetition of words of 
 the same form (epizeuxis), as moclo modo, 37, 5 ; Glyco 
 Glyco, 45, 27; quid? quid? voca voca, 49, 6 and 8; so 
 vero vero ; babae babae ; mi au. (b) in the repetition of a 
 word in a different form, as homo inter homines, 39, 9, 
 57, 17, 74, 33; amicus amico, 43, 10, 44, 14; nummorum 
 nummos, 37, 15; so moiiuus ino moHuo; olim oliorum. 
 
 D. Oaths and Asseverations. These are common, even 
 in ordinary speech, strengthening any statement, of how- 
 ever slight importance. They occur in the comic poets 
 and inscriptions. 
 
 1. Mehercules, as may be seen in the Index, is used 
 frequently. 
 
 2. Ita (sic) followed by ut or an impv. is used when the 
 speaker expresses his desire or belief as proportionate to 
 the thought or hope expressed in the clause introduced 
 by ita or sic, as ita meos fruniscar, ut puto, 44, 34, lit. * so 
 may I enjoy in proportion as I think,' i.e. ' I just as 
 surely think as I hope to enjoy,' or 'may I never enjoy if 
 I don't think.' 
 
 3. The genius of a man is frequently appealed to in 
 strong statements. This custom grew up in the Augustan 
 Age, and was first extended to appeals made to or by the 
 sacred person of the Emperor ; subsequently persons swore 
 per genium of any individual whom they held in peculiar 
 esteem ; even a parasite came to call his lordly friend his 
 genius. In Petr. only libeHini employ this form of oath. 
 
Xl INTRODUCTION. 
 
 as in genios vestros iratos habeam, 62, 35 ; ita genium meum 
 propitium habeam, 74, 36. 
 
 E. Uses of Certain Words. 
 
 1. Facio : cf . fecit Caesarem reporrigere, 51, 3, = effecit 
 ut Caesar reporrigeret ; also servi ad se fecerunt, 38, 26, = 
 servi sibi ademerunt ; also sibi suaviter facere, 71, 33, = 
 sibi consulere ; also fecit assem, 61, 18, = sibi paravit assem ; 
 also barbatoriain fecit, 73, 2^, = b. celebravit; also gallum 
 . . . rustici faciunt, 47, 29, = g. r. in cenam coquunt; also 
 coactus est facere, 45, 22, = c. e. coire; also siquis voluerit 
 sua re facere, 47, 8, where the reference is to necessitates 
 natiirales. 
 
 2. Coepi : this occurs regularly with either voice of the 
 infin., which either indicates motion or denotes some state 
 of the mind. It is a periphrasis for the imperf. of narra- 
 tion with emphasis on the beginning of the act, with the 
 added sense of ' proceeding ' ; its most remarkable use 
 in the Cena is with velle followed by a second infin,, as 
 iam coeperat Fortunata velle saltare, 70, 26. 
 
 3. Notare occurs in the sense of animadvertere, a usage 
 also found in Cicero, Valerius Flaccus, and Gellius, but 
 more rarely than in Petr. Cf. certe ego notavi super me 
 positum cocum, 70, 31 ; notavi etiam gregem cursorum se 
 exercentem, 29, 14. 
 
 4. Moms in the sense of ' outright,' ' plain,' as inei'o 
 meridie, 37, 8 ; fugae merae, 45, 41 ; tricae merae, 53, 29 ; 
 so hilaria mera; mera mapalia. 
 
 5. Ad summam occurs abundantly. It occurs ten times 
 in the conversation of the freedmen, fifteen times else- 
 where, when Encolpius quotes his own or another's words, 
 but not in the purely narrative portions. It is, therefore. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xli 
 
 a conversational phrase. Cf. ad summam quemvis ex istis 
 babaecalis in Tittae folium coniciet, 37, 37 ; ad summam 
 siquid vis, ego et tu sponsiuncidam ; exi, defero lamnam, 
 58, 24. It is frequent in Seneca and occurs in Horace. 
 
 6. Plane occurs as a strong asseverative particle, in 
 the sense of 'there is no doubt that,' as in plane fortunae 
 filius, 43, 20; plane fugae merae, 45, 41; plane qualis 
 dominus talis et servus, 58, 12. So in Cic. Att. 11, 11, 1, 
 narro tihi plane relegatus mihi videor posteaquam in For- 
 miano sum. 
 
 P. Parataxis. Parataxis is common throughout the 
 animated conversation of the Cena. It occurs between 
 independent sentences, where autem or igitur or quam- 
 quam might have been expected. It extends even fur- 
 ther than this, so that where an infinitive or subjunctive 
 should occur in a dependent clause, an indicative is used. 
 This construction is found after credo, puto, scio, spero, 
 fateor, video, oro, quaeso, dico, rogo, narro. Compare such 
 instances as et puto cum vicensimariis magnam mantissam 
 habet, 65, 25 ; scitis magna navis magnam fortitudinem ha- 
 bet, 76, 13 ; spero tamen iam veterem pudorem sibi imponet, 
 47, 6. 
 
 Rogo, in particular, is followed by paratactic construc- 
 tions ; either — as in Plautus, and less frequently in Ter- 
 ence — by the indicative, as in rogo me jmtatis ilia cena esse 
 contentum ? 39, 5 ; rogo, inquit, numquid duodecim aerumnas 
 Herculis tenes? 48, 20 ; or by the imperative, so that it has 
 the parenthetic force of ' I beg you,' as sed narra tu mihi, 
 fxai, rogo, Fortunata quare non recumbit ? 67, 1. Frequently 
 it is placed first in a sentence, somewhat like an interjec- 
 tion, in order to draw attention, as in rogo, vos, oportet ere- 
 
xlii INTRODUCTION. 
 
 datis, 63, 25; rogo, Hdbinna, sic peculium tuum fruniscaris ; 
 siquid perperam feci, in faciem meam inspue, 75, 6. 
 
 With the use of the indie, after rogo compare the simi- 
 lar use after narra, as in sed narra tu mihi, Agamemnon, 
 quam controversiam hodie declamasti? 48, 8. 
 
 G. Asyndeton. Analogous to parataxis, in careless 
 conversation, is asyndeton, or the omission of connect- 
 ing particles. 
 
 1. Asyndeton within a Sentence. 
 
 This is found in early literature as well as in inscrip- 
 tions. Petr. has it after verbs of commanding, advising, 
 warning, and the like. Typical illustrations occur in sua- 
 deo non patiaris, 74, 40 ; curabo lovis iratus sit, 58, 7 ; die 
 et Menophilae disciimbat, 70, 29 ; cave contemrias, 38, 12 ; 
 rogamus mittas (in the serm. urbanus), 49, 14 ; volo sint, 
 71, 20 ; nolo ponas, 74, 45. In 38, 30, we have an exam- 
 ple of the omission of et: solebat sic cenare, quomodo rex; 
 apros gausapatos, opei^a pistoria, avis, cocos, p)istores. So 
 itaque quisquis nascitur illo signo, multa pecora habet, mid- 
 tum lanae, caput praeterea durum, frontem expudoratam, 
 cornum acutum, 39, 13. Gf. 38, 2, where et is omitted 
 between a number of appositives : omnia domi nascuntur; 
 lana, credrae, piper, lacte gallinaceum, si quaesiris, invenies. 
 
 2. (a) A lack of connection between sentences also 
 occurs, especially in animated conversation ; at times, 
 however, it is difficult to distinguish an apparent from 
 a real asyndeton. In 62, 5, the thrilling character of the 
 tale of the werwolf is indicated by asyndeton : apocula- 
 mus nos circa gallicinia. luna lucebat tamqiiam meridie. 
 venimus intra monimenta. homo mens coepit ad stelas 
 fojcere, sedeo ego cantabundus. 
 
INTRODUCTION, xlii 
 
 11 
 
 (b) The injection of homely wisdom, old saws, and 
 proverbs into the conversation is made without the use 
 of any connective. Cf. modo sic, modo sic, inquit rusticus; 
 varium porcum 2)erdiderat. quod hodie non est eras erit, 
 45, 2 ; so in 59, 4, semper in hac re qui vincitur vincit is 
 introduced by no explanatory connective. Cf. utres in- 
 Jiati ambulamus. minores qiiam muscae sumus, 42, 7. 
 
 (c) Disjunctive asyndeton occurs several times, as plus 
 minus, 52, 2; hac iliac, 57, 38; velit nolit, 71, 39. With 
 this may be classed the asyndeton occurring between 
 opposing ideas, as in quern amat amat, quern non amat 
 non amat, 37, 13; or in 44, 30, nunc populus est domi 
 leones, foras vulpes, and nemo lovem pili facit, sed omnes 
 opertis oculis bona sua computant. antea stolatae ibant, 
 44, 36. 
 
 (d) There are six instances in the Cena where a new 
 sentence is begun with such a form of puto as putes or 
 putares or j^utusses, for which a result clause introduced 
 by ut might have been expected, as putares eos gallos gal- 
 linaceos, 45, 36 ; pz^^es taurum, 47, 7 ; putares me hoc ius- 
 sisse, 76, 7. So vides, with the force of the French voild, 
 stands at the beginning of a sentence, needing no con- 
 nective to join it with the preceding sentence ; cf. 36, 17, 
 38, 10 and 13, 46, 29. 
 
 Quod as a Conjunction. Of the conjunctive use of quod, 
 which dates as early as the time of Plautus, but little can 
 be said, so far as its appearance in Petronius is concerned. 
 There are possibly two illustrations, viz. 45, 30, subolfacio 
 quod nobis epulum Mammea daturus est, and 46, 14, dixi 
 quod mustella comedit. It is out of this use of quod that 
 the modern French que (' that ') arose. 
 
xliv INTKODUCTION. ' 
 
 
 BIBLIOGRAPHY. 
 
 A complete bibliography of the literature on Petronius for the 
 past twenty-five years will be found in Bursian's Jahresbericht 
 iiber die Fortschritte der Altertumswissenschaft, vols, xiv., 1878, 
 pp. 171-172; xlvi., 1886, pp. 195 ff. ; Ixxii., 1892, pp. 161-181; 
 xcviii., 1898, pp. 33-117. The following is a selected list, and 
 includes : — 
 
 A. Texts. 
 
 Petr. Burmanno curante, T. Petronii Arbitri satyricon quae super- 
 sunt cum doctorum virorum commentariis ; et notis Heinsii et 
 Goesii antea ineditis ; quibus additae Dupeuratii et auctiores 
 Bourdelotii ac Beinesii notae. Adiciuntur Dousae praecida- 
 nea, Gonsali de Salas commenta, variae dissertationes et prae- 
 fationes^ Editio altera. Amstelaedami, mdccxxxxiii. 
 
 r. Bucheler, Petronii Arbitri Satirarum Beliquiae. Berolini : 
 Apud Weidmannos, mdccclxii. 
 
 F. Bucheler, Petronii Satirae et Liber Priapeorum, tert. edit. Ad- 
 iectae sunt Varronis et Senecae Satirae similesque reliquiae. 
 Berolini : Apud Weidmannos, mdccclxxxii. 
 
 L. Friedlander, Petronii Cena Trimalchionis., mit deutscher i'lber- 
 setzung und erkldrenden anmerkungen. Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 
 1891. 
 
 B. General Critique. 
 
 Martin Schanz, in Miiller's Handbuch der Jclass. Altertums- 
 wissenschaft, viii. ii. 2, 2d ed., Bom. Literaturgeschichte. 
 Mtinchen : C. H. Beck, 1901. 
 
 L. Friedlander, Darstellungen aus der sittengeschichte Boms. 
 6th ed. Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1888. 
 
 J. Marquardt, Privatleben der B'dmer. 2d ed. Leipzig : S. Hir- 
 zel, 1886. 
 
 A. Collignon, £tude sur Petrone. Paris : Hachette et Cie., 1892. 
 
 E. Thomas, Venvers de la societe romaine d''apres Petrone. 2d ed. 
 Paris : Fontemoing, 1902. 
 
INTRODUCTION. xlv 
 
 R. Burger, Der antike Bomaii vor Petronius (Hermes, 1892, vol. 
 
 xxiv., pp. 345-358). 
 E. Rohde, Zum griechischen Roman ( Rheinisches Museum, 1893, 
 
 vol. xlviii., pp. 125 ff.). 
 R. Heinze, Petron unci der griechische Roman ("Hermes," 1899, 
 
 vol. xxxiiii., pp. 512 ff.). 
 E. Norden, Die antike kunst-prosa. Leipzig: Teubner, 1898. 
 R. Hirzel, Der Dialog. Leipzig: S. Hirzel, 1895. 
 E. Klebs, Zur composition von Petronius^ Satirae (Philologus, 
 
 1889, vol. xlvii.). 
 Haberlin, in the Berl. Phil Wochenschrift, 1893, col. 946. 
 Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii; its Life and Art. New York : Macmillan, 
 
 1899. 
 J. Schmidt, De Seviris Augustalibus. Halis Saxonum: M. Nie- 
 
 meyer, mdccclxxviii. 
 C. H. Beck, The Age of Petronius. Cambridge (Mass.): 1856. 
 
 The MSS. of Petronius. Cambridge (Mass.): 1863. 
 A. Otto, Die sprichworter und sprichwortlichen redensarten der 
 
 R'dmer. Leipzig : Teubner, 1890. 
 H. T. Peck, C. Petronii Arbitri Cena Trimalchionis anglice red- 
 didit et prooemio cum appendice bibliograph. instruxit. Nov. 
 
 Ebor. : Dodd Mead et Soc, mdcccxcviii. 
 H. W. Hayley, Quaestiones Petronianae (Harv. Studies in Class. 
 
 Philology, ii., pp. 1-40. Boston: Ginn & Co., 1891). 
 
 C. Language, Grammar, and Interpretation. 
 
 Segebade et Lommatzsch, Lexicon Petronianum. Lipsiae : Teubner, 
 
 MDCCCXCVIII. 
 
 W. Heraeus, Die Sprache des Petron und die Glossen. Offenbach: 
 
 MDCCCXCIX. 
 
 H. Ronsch, Itala und Vulgata, das sprachidiom der urchristlichen 
 itala und der katholischen vulgata unter berucksichtigung der 
 Romischen volkssprache. Marburg : N. G. Elwert, 1875. 
 
 F. T. Cooper, Word Formation in the Roman Sermo Plebeius. 
 Boston : Ginn & Co., 1895. 
 
 E. Ludwig, De Petronii sermone plebeio dissertatio. Leipzig, 1870. 
 
 
 /fs 
 
Xlvi INTRODUCTION. . 
 
 'I 
 
 J. Segebade, Observationes grammaticae et criticae in Petronium. || 
 
 Halis Saxonum : Typ. Karrasianis, mdccclxxx.: 
 A. von Guericke, De linguae vulgaris reliquiis apud Petronium 
 
 et in inscriptionihus parietariis Pompeianis, dissert, inaug. 
 
 Gumbinnae : Typ. Krausen., mdccclxxv. 
 G. N. Olcott, Studies in the Word Formation of the Latin Inscrip- | 
 
 tions with reference to the Latin Sermo Vulgaris. Rome: I 
 
 Sallustian Typography, 1898. 
 
 >J 
 
 oi^" 
 
 V 
 
 a. 
 
 A -^ 
 
 \- ^-^ 
 
PETRONII 
 CENA TRLMALCHIONIS. 
 
 Encolpius and his friend, Ascyltus, prepare for Trimalchio' s 
 banquet. Wandering about, they find him at exercise, play- 
 ing ball. 
 
 Venerat iam tertius dies, id est expectatio liberae cenae, 26 
 sed tot \^lneribus confossis fuga magis placebat, quam 
 quies. itaque cum maesti deliberaremus, quonam genera 
 praesentem evitaremus procellam, unus servus Agamein- - 
 nonis interpellavit trepidantes et 'quid? vos' inquit 'ne- 5 
 scitis, hodie apud quern fiat ? Trimalchio, lautissimus 
 homo, horologium in triclinio et bucinatorem habet subor- 
 natum. ut subinde seiat, quantum de vita perdiderit.' ami- 
 cimur ergo diligenter obliti omnium malorum, et Gitona 
 libentissime servile officium tuentem usque hoc iubemus 
 in balnea sequi. Xos interim vestiti errare coepimus 27 
 
 immo iocari magis et circulis ludentum accedere, 
 cum subito vklemus senem calvum, tunica vestitum riissea, 
 inter pueros capillatos ludenteni i:)ila. nee tarn, puen no.s, 
 quamqnani erat operae pretium, ad spectaculum duxerant, 5 
 quani ipse pater faniiliae, qui soleatus pila p)rasina exerce- 
 batitr. nee amjylius earn repetebat quae terram contigerat, 
 sed folleni plenum habebat servus sufficiebatque ludentibus. 
 notavimus etiam res novas, nam duo spadones in diversa 
 
 1 
 
Z . PETRONII 
 
 IQ j^arte cvricuii ^siahant, quorum alter inatellam tenebat argen- 
 team, alter numerabat pilas, non quidem eas quae inter 
 manus lusu expellente vibrabant, sed eas quae in terrain 
 decidebant. cum has ergo miraremur lautitias, accurrit 
 Menelaus et ' liic est ' inquit ' apud quern cubitum pone- 
 
 15 tis, et quidem iam priucipium cenae videtis.' et iam 
 non loquebatur Menelaus cum Trimalchio digitos concre- 
 puit, ad quod signum matellam spado ludeyiti subiecit. 
 exonerata ille vesica aquam poposcit ad manus, digitosque 
 paululum adspersos in capite pueri tersit. 
 
 After the game, all bathe and proceed to the house of the host. 
 
 28 Longum erat singula excipere. itaque intravimus bal- 
 neum, et sudore calfacti momento temporis ad frigidam 
 eximus. iam Trimalchio iingueyito perfusus tergebatur, 
 non linteis, sed palliis ex lana mollissima factis. tres in- 
 
 .5 terim iatraliptae in conspectu eius Falernum potabant, 
 et cum plurimum rixantes effunderent, Trimalchio hoc 
 suum propinasse dicebat. hinc involutus coccina gausajja 
 lecticae impositus est praecedentibus phaleratis cursoribus 
 quattuor et chiramaxio, in quo deliciae eius vehebantur, 
 
 10 puer vetidus, lij^pus, domino Trimalchione deformior. cum 
 ergo auferretur, ad caput eius sym])honiacus cum miniynis 
 tibiis accessit et tanquam in aurem aliquid secreto diceret, 
 toto itinere cantavit. 
 
 Description of the entrance to the house, and of the startling 
 
 mural paintings. 
 
 Sequimur nos admiratione iam saturi et cum Agamem- 
 15 7ione ad ianuam pervenimus, in cuius poste libellus erat 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 8 
 
 cum hac inscriptione fixus : y visgvis servvs sine domi- 
 
 NICO IVSSV FORAS EXIERIT, ACCIPIET PLAGAS CENTVM. m 
 
 aditu autem ipso stabat ostiarius prasinatuH, cerasino sitx> 
 cinctus cingulo, atque in lance argentea j>i'.s«?/i puryabat. 
 super limen autem cacea pendebat aurea, in qua pica varia 
 intrantes salutabat. Ceterum ego dum omnia stupeOj paene 29 
 resupinatus crura mea fregi. ad sinistram enim intranti- 
 bus non longe ab ostiarii cella canis ingens, catena vinctus, 
 in pariete erat pictus superque quadrata litera scriptum 
 CAVE CANEM. ct coUegac quidem rtiei risenint, ego autem 5 
 coUecto spirita non destiti totum parietem persequi. erat 
 autem venalicium {cum) titulis pictum, et ipse Trimalchio 
 capillatus caduceum tenebat Minervaque ducente Roinam 
 intrabat. liinc quemadmodum ratiocinari didicisset, deni- 
 que disjpensator /actus esset, omnia diligenter curiosus pnctor 10 
 cum inscriptione reddiderat. in dejiciente vero iam porticu 
 levatum mento in tribunal excelsum Mercurius rapiebat. 
 praesto erat Fortuna (cum) cornu abundanti [copiosa~\ et 
 tres Parcae aurea pensa torquentes. notavi etiam in por- 
 ticu gregem cursorum cum magistro se exercentem. prae- 15 
 terea grande armarium in angulo vidi, in cuius aedicula 
 erant Lares argentei pjositi Venerisque signum marmoreum 
 et pyxis aurea non pusilla, in qua barbam ijmus conditam 
 esse dicebant. 
 
 Interrogare ergo atriensem coepi, quas in medio picturas 20 
 haberent. ' Hiada et Odyssian ' inquit ' ac Laenatis gla- 
 diatorium munus.' Non licebat miiltas iam (picturas) 30 
 considerare 
 
4 PETRONII 
 
 The guests reach the triclinium. Interesting decorations^ in- 
 scriptions and notices. A negligent slave is saved from 
 punishment. 
 
 Nos iam ad triclinium perveneramuSj in cuius parte prima 
 
 procurator rationes accipiebat. et quod praecipue miratus 
 
 5 sum, in postibus triclinii fasces erant cum securibus fxi, 
 
 quorum imam partem quasi embolum navis aeneum finie- 
 
 bat, in quo erat scriptum: c. pompeio trimalchioni, 
 
 SEVIRO AVGVSTALI, CINNAMVS DISPENSATOR. Sub eodcm 
 
 titulo et lucerna bilychnis de camera pendebat, et dime tabu- 
 la lae in utroque poste defixae, quarum altera, si bene memini, 
 hoc habebat inscriptum: iii. et pridie kalendas ianva- 
 RiAS c. NOSTER FORAs CENAT, altera lunac cursum stel- 
 larumque septem imagines pictas; et qui dies boni quique 
 incommodi essent, distinguente bidla notabantur. 
 
 15 His repleti voluptatibus cum conaremur in triclinium 
 intrare, exclamavit unus ex pueris, qui super hoc officium 
 erat positus, ' dextro pede/ sine dubio paulisper trepi- 
 davimus, ne contra praeceptum aliquis nostrum limen 
 transiret. ceterum ut pariter movimus dextros gressus, 
 
 20 servus nobis despoliatus procubuit ad pedes ac rogare coe- 
 pit, ut se poenae eriperemus: nee magnum esse peccatum 
 suum, propter quod periclitaretur ; subducta enim sibi vesti- 
 menta dispensatoris in balneo, quae vix fuissent decem se- 
 stertiorum. rettidimus ergo dextros pedes dispensatoremque 
 
 25 in atrio aureos numerantem deprecati sumus, ut servo re- 
 mitteret poenam. siqyerbus ille sustidit vultum et ' non tam 
 iactura me movet^ inquit ^quam negligentia nequissimi servi. 
 vestimenta mea cubitoria perdidit, quae mihi natali meo cliens 
 
 I 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 5 
 
 qvidani donaverat, Tjfrki sine dubio, sed iam semel lota, 
 quid errjo est? dono vohis enni.^ 31 
 
 Obligati tarn grandi henejicio cum intrassemus tricli- 
 nium, occurrit nobis ille idem sercus, pro quo rogave- 
 ramtiSy et stupentibus ^pississima basia impegit gratias 
 agens humanitati nostrae. ^ ad summam, statim scietis, 5 
 ait 'cui dederitis benejicium. vinum dominicum ministror 
 toris gratia est ' 
 
 They take their places upon entering the dining room. The Jirst 
 light course, an appetizer, is brought in. Its description. 
 
 * 
 Tandem, ergo discubuiinus pueris Alexandrinis aquam in 
 manus nivatam infundentibus aliisque insequentibus ad 
 pedes ac paronychia cum ingenti subtilitate tollentibus. lo 
 ac ne in hoc quidem tarn molesto tacebant officio, sed obi- 
 ter cantabant. ego experiri volui, an tota familia canta- 
 retf itaque potionem poposci. paratissimus puer non minus 
 me acido cantico excepit, et quisquis aliquid rogatus erat 
 ut daret, {simul cantabat.) pantomimi chx)rum, non patris 15 
 familiae triclinium crederes. 
 
 cdlata est tamen gustatio 
 valde lauta; nam iam omnes discubuerant praeter ipsum 
 Trimalchionem, cui locus novo more primus servabatur. 
 ceterum in promulsidari asellus erat Corinthius cum bisac- 20 
 cio positus, qui habebat olivas in cdtera parte albas, in 
 altera nigras. tegebant asellum duae lances, in quarum 
 marginibus nomen Trimalchionis inscriptum erat et argenti 
 pondus. ponticuli etiam ferruminati sustinebant glires 
 melle ac papavere sparsos. fuenuit et tomacula supra era- 25 
 
PETRONII 
 
 ticulam argenteam ferventia posita, et infra craticulam 
 Syriaca pruna cum granis Punici mail. 
 
 
 Trimalchio enters to the accompaniment of music. His ridiculous 
 appearance and dress. While he continues a game which he 
 de.fires to finish, a second appetizer is served; its description. 
 Some dishes are smashed in its hasty removal. 
 
 32 In his eramus lautitiis, cum ipse Trimalchio ad sympho- 
 niam allatus est positusque inter cervicalia mimitissima 
 expressit imprudentibus visum, pallio enim coccineo adra- 
 sum excluserat caput circaque oneratas veste cervices lati- 
 5 claviam immiserat mappam Jimbriis hinc atque illinc 
 pendentibus. habebat etiam in minimo digito sinistrae 
 manus ayndum grandem subauratum, extremo vero arti- 
 culo digiti sequentis minorem., ut mihi videbatur, totum 
 aureum, sed plane ferreis veluti stellis ferruminatxtm. et 
 
 10 ne has tantum ostenderet divitias, dextrum nudavit lacer- 
 tum armilla aurea cultum et eboreo circulo lamina splen- 
 
 ZZ.dcnte conexo. Ut deinde pinna argentea denies perfodit, 
 ' amid ' inquit ' nondum mihi suave erat in triclinium 
 venire, sed ne diutius absentivos morae vobis essem, om- 
 nem voliqjtatem mihi negavi. permittetis tayien finiri 
 5 hisum.^ sequebatur puer cum tabida terebiyithina et cry- 
 stallinis tesseris iiotavique rem omnium delicatissimam. 
 pro calculis enim albis ac nigris aureos argenteosque 
 habebat denarios. interim dum ille omnium textorum 
 dicta inter lusum consumit, gustantibus adhuc nobis repo- 
 
 10 sitorium allatuni est cum corbe, in quo gallina erat lignea 
 patentibus in orbem alis, quales esse solent quae incubant 
 ova. accessere continuo duo servi et symphonia strepente 
 
 i\ 
 
CENA TRLMALCHIONIS. 7 
 
 scrutari paleam coeperunt erutaque subinde pavonina ova 
 divisere convivis. convertit ad hanc scaenum Trimalchio 
 vultum et *amici' ait ^pavonis ova gallinae iussi siqij^oni. 15 
 et mehercules thneo ne iam concepti shit; temptemus tameiij 
 si adliuc sorbilia sunt.'' accipimus nos cochlearia non minus 
 selibras j)endentia ovaque ex farina pingni Jiyurata 7)er- 
 tundinius. eyo quideni jKiene proieci jxirtem meam, nam 
 videbatur mihi iam in pidhim coisse. deinde ut audivi 20 
 veterem convivam ^hic nescio quid boni debet esse,' per- 
 secutus puiamen manu pinguissimam ficedulam inveni pipe- 
 rato vitello circumdatam. 
 
 Iam Trimalchio eadem omnia lusu intermisso p)oposcerat 34 
 feceratque ix)testatem clara voce, si quis nostrum iterxim 
 vellet mulsum sumere, cum subito signum symphonia datur 
 et gustatoria pariter a choro cantante rapiuntur. cetei'wm 
 inter tumultum cum forte paropsis excidisset et jyuer iacen- 5 
 tern sustulisset, animadvertit Trimalchio colaphisque obiur- 
 garipuerum ac proicere rursus jKirojjsidem iussit. insecutus 
 est {supeli)lecticarius argentumque inter reliqua purgamenta 
 scopis coepit everrere. subinde intraverunt duo Aethio 
 pes capillati cum pusillis utribus, quales solent esse qui 10 
 harenam in amphitheatre spargunt, vinumque dedere in 
 manus ; aquara enim nemo porrexit. 
 
 Laudatus p)t'opter elegantias dominus ' aequum' inquit 
 * Mars amat. itaque iussi suam cuique mensam assignari. 
 obiter et jmtidissinii servi minorem nobis aestum frequeixtia 15 
 sua facient.' 
 
8 PETRONII 
 
 Falernian wine is brought in. Apostrophe of Trimalchio over the 
 
 silver skeleton. 
 
 Statim allatae sunt amphorae vitreae diligenter gypsatae, 
 quarum in cervicibus pittacia erant affixa cum hoc titulo : 
 
 FALERNVM OPIMIANVM ANXORVM CEXTVM. dum UtuloS 
 
 20 perlegimus, complosit Trimalchio manus et 'eheu' inquit 
 ^ ergo diutius vivit viiium quam homuncio. quare tengo- 
 menas faciamus. vinum vita est. verum Opimianum 
 2)raesto. heri non tam honum posui, et midto honestiores 
 cenabant.' potantibus ergo nobis et accuratissime lautitias 
 
 25 mirantibus laruam argenteam attidit servus sic aptatam, 
 ut articuli eius vertebraeque luxatae in omnem ixirtem 
 Jiecterentur. hanc cum super mensam semel iterumque 
 abiecisset, et catenatio mobilis aliquot jiguras exprimeret, 
 Trimalchio adiecit : 
 
 30 ^ eheii nos miseros, quam totus homuncio nil est. 
 
 sic erimus cuncti, postquam nos auferet Orcus. 
 ergo vivamus, dum licet esse bene.'' 
 
 The third course turns out to be a clever zodiacal design. Transition 
 to the fourth course, with which the real eating begins. Carpus 
 does the carving. 
 
 35 Laudationem ferculum est insecutum plane non pro ex- 
 pectatione magnum; novitas tamen omnium convertit ocu- 
 los. rotundum enim repositorium duodecim habebat signa 
 in orbe disposita, super quae propriiun convenientemque 
 5 materiae structor imposuerat cibum: super arietem cicer 
 arietinum, super taurum bubulae frustum, siq^er geminos 
 testiculos ac rienes, super cancrum coronam, super leonem 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 9 
 
 Jicum Africanam, super virginem steriliculam, super libram 
 stateram in cuius altera parte scriblita erat, in altera pla- 
 centa, super scorpionem pisciculum marinum, super sagit- 10 
 tarium oclopetam, super capricornum locustani marinam, 
 super aquarium anserem, super pisces duos mullos. in 
 medio antem caespes cum lierhis excisus favum sustinebat. 
 circumferebat Aegijjytius puer clibano argenteo panem 
 
 atque ipse etiam taeterrima voce de Laserpiciario mimo 15 
 canticum extorsit. nos ut tristiores ad tarn viles accessi- 
 mus cibos, 'suadeo' inquit Trimalchio 'cenemus' [hoc est 
 in. cenae.^ Haec ut dixit, ad symphoniam quattuor tri- 36 
 pudiantes procurrerunt superior emq^ie partem repositorii 
 abstulerunt. quo facto videmus infra [scilicet in altera 
 fercido~\ altilia et sumina leporemque in medio pinnis 
 subornatum, ut Pegasus videretur. notavimus etiam circa 5 
 angulos repositorii Marsyas quattuor, ex quorum utriculis 
 garum piperatum currebat super pisces, qui tanquam in 
 euripo natabant. damus omnes plausum a familia in- 
 cept um et res electissimas ridentes aggredimur. non minus 
 et Tnmalchio eiusmodi methodio laetus ' Carpe ' inquit. lO 
 processit statim scissor et ad symphoniam gesticulatus ita 
 laceravit obsonium, ut putares essedarium hydraule can- 
 tante pugnare. ingerebat nihilo minus Trimalchio lentis- 
 sima voce ' Carpe, Carpe.^ ego suspicatus ad aliquam 
 urbanitatem totiens iteratam vocem pertinere, non erubui 15 
 eum qui supra me accumbebat, hoc ipsum interrogare. at 
 ille, qui saepius eiusmodi ludos spectaverat, 'vides ilium' 
 inquit 'qui obsonium carpit : Carpus vacatur. ita quo- 
 tiescunque dicit " Carpe,'' eodem verba et vocat et imperat.' 
 
10 PETRONII 
 
 Encolpius chats with his neighbor about their host and hostess, Tri- 
 malchio and Fortunata. They discuss one of the banqueters, 
 once a slave but now a rich freedman. Another, who was an 
 undertaker, has had his financial ups and downs. 
 
 37 Non potui am2)lius quicquam gustare, sed conversus ad 
 eum, ut quam plurima exciperem, longe accersere fabulas 
 coepi sciscitarique, quae esset mulier ilia, quae hue atque 
 illuc discurreret ^ uxor ' inquit ' Trimalchionis, Fortunata 
 
 5 appellatur, quae nummos' modio metitur. et modo, modo 
 quid fuit ? ignoscet mihi genius tuus, noluisses de manu 
 illius pfanem accipere. nunc, nee quid nee quare, in cae- 
 lum ahiit et Trimalcliionis topanta est. ad summam, mero 
 meridie si dixerit illi tenehras esse, credet. ipse nescit 
 
 10 quid habeat, adeo saplutiis est fT sed haec lupatria pro- 
 videt omnia et ubi non putes. est sicca, sobria, bonorum 
 consiliorum [tantum auri vides], est tamen malae lin- 
 guae, pica pulvinaris. quern amat, amat; quern non 
 amat, non amat. ipse Trimalchio fundos habet, qua 
 
 15 milvi volant, nummorum nummos. argentum in ostia- 
 rii illius cella plus iacet, quam quisquam in fortunis 
 habet. familia vero babae babae, non mehercules puto 
 decumam partem esse quae dominum suum noverit. ad 
 summam, quemvis ex istis babaecalis in rutae folium 
 
 38 coniciet. ^ Nee est quod putes ilium quicquam emere. 
 omnia domi nascuntur : lana, credrae, piper, lacte galli- 
 naceum si quaesieris, invenies. ad summam, parum illi 
 bona lana nascebatur ; arietes a Tarento emit et eos cula- 
 
 5 vit in gregem. mel Atticum ut domi nasceretur, apes ab 
 Athenis iussit afferri ; obiter et vernaculae quae sunt, 
 meliusculae a Graeculis fient. ecce intra bos dies 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 11 
 
 scripsit, lit illi ex India semen boletorum mitteretur. 
 nam mulam quidem null am liabet, quae non ex onagro 
 nata sit. vides tot culcitras : nulla non aut conchylia- lo 
 tiim aut coccineum tomentum habet. tanta est animi 
 beatitudo. reliquos autem collibertos eius cave con- 
 temnas. valde suoossi sunt, vides ilium (lui in imo 
 imus recumbit: hodie sua octingenta possidet. de nihilo 
 crevit. modo solebat collo sue ligna portare. sed quo- 15 
 mode dicunt — ego nihil scio, sed audivi — quom In- 
 cuboni pilleum rapuisset, [et] thesaurum invenit. ego 
 nemini invideo, si quid deus dedit. est tamen sub alapa 
 et non vult sibi male, itaque proxime locationem hoc 
 titulo proscripsit: c. pompeivs diogexes ex kalexdis 20 
 
 IVLIIS CEXACVLVM LOCAT ; IPSE EXIM DOMVM EMIT. quid 
 
 ille qui libertini loco iacet, quam bene se habuit. non 
 impropero illi. sestertium suum vidit decies, sed male 
 vacillavit. non piito ilium capillos liberos habere, nee 
 mehercules sua culpa; ipso enim homo melior non est; 25 
 sed liberti scelerati, qui omnia ad se fecerunt. scito 
 autem : sociorum olla male f ervet, et ubi semel res incli- 
 nata est, amici de medio, et quam honestam negotia- 
 tionem exercuit, quod ilium sic vides. libitinarius fiiit. 
 solebat sic cenare, quomodo rex : apros gausapatos, opera 30 
 pistoria, avis, cocos, pistores. plus vini sub mensa effun- 
 debatur, quam aliquis in cella habet. phantasia, non 
 homo, inclinatis quoqiie rebus siiis, cum timeret ne 
 creditores ilium conturbare existimarent, hoc titulo auc- 
 tionem proscripsit: (c.) ivlivs procvlvs avctionem 35 
 
 FACIET RERVM SVPERVACVARVM. 
 
12 PETRONII 
 
 I Trimalchio now engrosses the conversation. His astrological lore. 
 
 39 Interpellavit tarn dulces fabulas Trimalchio ; nam iam 
 sublatum erat ferciilum, hilaresque convivae vino ser- 
 monibusque publicatis operam coeperant dare, is ergo 
 reclinatus in cubitum ' hoc vinum ' in quit ' vos oportet 
 5 suave faciatis. pisces natare oportet. rogo, me putatis 
 ilia cena esse contentum, quam in theca repositorii vide- 
 ratis ? " sic notus Vlixes ? " quid ergo est ? oportet 
 etiam inter cenandum philologiam nosse. patrono meo 
 ossa bene quiescant, qui me hominem inter homines 
 
 10 voluit esse, nam mihi nihil novi potest afferri, sicut 
 ille fericulus iam habuit praxim. ^ caelus hie, in quo 
 duodecim dii habitant, in totidem se hguras convertit, 
 et modo fit aries. itaque quisquis nascitur illo signo, 
 multa pecora habet, multum lanae, caput praeterea 
 
 15 durum, frontem expudoratam, cornum acutum. plurimi 
 hoc signo scholastici nascuntur et arietilli.' laudamus 
 urbanitatem mathematici ; itaque adiecit ' deinde totus 
 caelus taurulus fit. itaque tunc calcitrosi nascuntur et 
 bubulci et qui se ipsi pascunt. in geminis autem nascun- 
 
 20 tur bigae et boves et colei et qui utrosque parietes linunt. 
 in cancro ego natus sum. ideo multis pedibus sto, et in 
 mari et in terra multa possideo; nam cancer et hoc et 
 illoc quadrat, et ideo iam dudum nihil supra ilium 
 posui, ne genesim meam premerem. in leone catapha- 
 
 25 gae nascuntur et imperiosi ; in virgine mulieres et fugi- 
 tivi et compediti ; in libra laniones et unguentarii et 
 quicunque aliquid expediunt ; in scorpione venenarii et 
 percussores ; in sagittario strabones, qui holera spectant, 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIOXIS. 13 
 
 iardum tollunt ; in capricorno aerumnosi, quibus prae 
 mala sua cornua nascuntiir ; in aquario copones et cu- 30 
 curbitae ; in piscibus obsonatores et rhetores. sic orbis 
 vertitur tanquam mola, et semper aliquid mali facit, ut 
 homines aut nascantur ant pereant. quod autem in 
 medio caespitem videtis et supra caespitem favum, nihil 
 sine ratione facio. terra mater est in medio quasi ovum 35 
 corrotundata, et omnia bona in se habet tanquam favus.' 
 
 A ffth course, the second of the banquet proper. Meaning of the 
 liberty cap on the head of the stuffed pig. Grapes are passed. 
 Punning on Liber (liber). 
 
 ^ Sophos ' universi clamamus et sublatis manibus ad 40 
 cameram iuramus Hipparchum Aratumque comparandos 
 illi homines non fuisse, donee advenerunt ministri ac 
 toralia praeposuerunt toris, in quibus retia erant picta 
 subsessoresque cum venabulis et totus venationis appa- 5 
 ratus. necdum sciebamus, (quo) mitteremus suspiciones 
 nostras, cum extra triclinium clamor sublatus est ingens, 
 et ecce canes Laconici etiam circa mensam discurrere 
 coeperunt. secutum est hos repositorium, in quo posi- 
 tus erat primae magnitudinis aper, et quidem pilleatus, 10 
 e cuius dentibus sportellae dependebant duae palmulis 
 textae, altera caryotis altera thebaicis repleta. circa 
 autem minores porcelli ex coptoplacentis facti, quas'- 
 uberibus imminerent, scrofam esse positam significabant. 
 et hi quidem apophoreti fuerunt. ceterum ad scinden- 15 
 dum aprum non ille Carpus accessit, qui altilia lacerave- 
 rat, sed barbatus ingens, fasciis cruralibus alligatus et 
 alicula subornatus polymita, strictoque venatorio cultro 
 
14 PETRONII 
 
 latus apri vehementer percussit, ex cuius plaga turdi 
 
 20 evolaverunt. parati aucupes cum harundinibus fuerunt 
 et eos circa triclinium volitantes momento exceperunt. 
 iiide cum suum cuique iussisset referri TrimalcMo, adie- 
 cit : ' etiam videte, quam porcus ille silvaticus lotam 
 comederit glandem/ statim pueri ad sportellas accesse- 
 runt, quae pendebant e dentibus, thebaicasque et caryotas 
 
 41 ad numerum divisere cenantibus. Interim ego, qui priva- 
 tum habebam secessum, in multas cogitationes deductus 
 sum, quare aper pilleatus intrasset. postquam itaque 
 omnis bacalusias consumpsi, duravi interrogare ilium 
 5 interpretem meum, quod me torqueret. at ille: ^ plane 
 etiam hoc servus tuus indicare potest ; non enim aenigma 
 est, sed res aperta. hie aper, cum heri summa cena eum 
 vindicasset, a convivis dimissus (est) ; itaque hodie tan- 
 quam libertus in convivium revertitur.' damnavi ego 
 
 10 stuporem meum et nihil amplius interrogavi, ne viderer 
 nunquam inter honestos cenasse. 
 
 Dum haec loquimur, puer speciosus, vitibus hederisque 
 redimitus, modo Bromium, interdum Lyaeum Euhiumque 
 confessus, calathisco uvas circumtulit et poemata domini 
 
 15 sui acutissima voce traduxit. ad quem sonum conversus 
 Trimalchio ' Dionyse ' inquit ' liber esto.' puer detraxit 
 pilleum apro capitique suo imposuit. tum Trimalchio 
 rursus adiecit: 'non negabitis me' inquit 'habere Libe- 
 rum patrem.' laudavimus dictum Trimalchionis et cir- 
 
 20 cumeuntem puerum sane perbasiamus. 
 
 
CENA TRIMALCHTONIS. 15 
 
 Trimalchio leaves the table, general conversation ensues. Dama 
 
 begins by praising wine. 
 
 _y^ Ab hoc ferculo Trimalchio ad lasanum surrexit. nos 
 Mibertatem sine tyranno nacti coepimus invitare convi- 
 varum sermones. Dama itaque primus cum pataracina 
 poposcisset/ dies' inquit 'nihil est. dum versas te, nox 
 fit. itaque nihil est melius, quam de cubiculo recta in 25 
 triclinium ire. et mundum frigus habuimus. vix me 
 balneus calfecit. tamen calda potio vestiarius est. sta- f^^^t,/^^ 
 minatas duxi, et plane matus sum. vinus mihi in cere- (^ J^O*^ 
 brum abiit.' "T— uSYArKK 
 
 Seleucus agrees as to the heating effect of wine, but gives a chilling 
 account of the funeral of Chrysanthus. 
 
 € 
 
 Excepit Seleucus fabulae partem et ' ego ' inquit ' non 42 
 cotidie lavor ; balniscus enim fullo est, aqua dentes habet, 
 et cor nostrum cotidie liquescit. sed cum mulsi pulta- 
 rium obduxi, frigori laecasin dico. nee sane lavare 
 potui ; fui enim hodie in f unus. -^homo bellus, tam bonus 5 
 Chrysanthus animam ebulliit. modo, modo me appel- 
 lavit. videor mihi cum illo loqui. heu, eheu. utres in- 
 flati ambulamus. minoris quam muscae sumus, (muscae) 
 '?/j^9imeTi aliquam virtutem habent, nos non pluris sumus 
 quam bullae, et quid si non abstinax fuisset ? quinque lo 
 dies aquam in os suum non coniecit, non micam panis. 
 tamen abiit ad plures. medici ilium perdiderunt, immo 
 magis malus fatus; medicus enim nihil aliud est quam 
 animi consolatio. tamen bene elatus est, vitali lecto, 
 stragiilis bonis, planctus est optime — manu misit ali- 15 
 
16 PETRONII 
 
 quot — etiam si maligne ilium ploravit uxor, quid si 
 non illani optime accepisset ? sed mulier quae mulier 
 milvinum genus, neminem nihil boni facere oportet; 
 aeque est enim ac si in puteum conicias. sed antiquus 
 20 amor cancer est.' 
 
 Phileros tells a more cheerful tale about the prosperous brother of 
 
 Chrysanthus. 
 
 43 Molestus f uit, Philerosque proclamavit : ' vivorum me- 
 minerimus. ille habet, quod sibi debebatur: honeste 
 vixit, honeste obiit. quid habet quod queratur? ab 
 asse crevit et paratus fuit quadrantem de stercore mor- 
 5 dicus tollere. itaque crevit, quicquid crevit, tanquam 
 favus. puto mehercules ilium reliquisse solida centum, 
 et omnia in nummis habuit. de re tamen ego verum 
 dicam, qui linguam caninam comedi : durae buccae fuit, 
 linguosus, discordia, non homo, frater eius fortis fuit, 
 
 10 amicus amico, manu plena, uncta mensa. et inter initia 
 malam parram pilavit, sed recorrexit costas illius prima 
 vindemia; vendidit enim vinum, quanti ipse voluit. et 
 quod illius mentum sustulit, hereditatem accepit, ex qua 
 plus involavit, quam illi relictum est. et ille stips, dum 
 
 15 fratri suo irascitur, nescio cui terrae filio patrimonium 
 elegavit. longe fugit, quisquis suos fagit. habuit autem 
 oricularios servos, qui ilium pessum dederunt. nunquam 
 autem recte faciei, qui cito credit, utique homo negotians. 
 tamen verum quod frunitus est, quam diu vixit 
 
 20 cui datum est, non cui destinatum. plane Fortunae 
 filius, in manu illius plumbum aurum fiebat. facile 
 est autem, ubi omnia quadrata currunt. et quot putas 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 17 
 
 ilium annos secum tulisse? septiiaginta et supra, sed 
 corneolus fuit, aetatem beue ferebat, niger tanquam cor- 
 vus. noveram hominem olim oliorum, et adhuc salax 25 
 erat. nou mehercules ilium puto in domo canem reli- 
 quisse. immo etiam pullarius erat, omnis minervae 
 homo, nee iniprobo; hoc solum enim secum tulit.' 
 
 Ganymedes complains of high prices in the grain market ; the good 
 old time of generous Aediles is gone ; and men do not seek divine 
 help in times of famine as they used to. 
 
 Haec Phileros dixit, ilia Ganymedes : ' narratis quod 44 
 nee ad caelum nee ad terram pertinet, cum interim nemo 
 curat, quid annona mordet. non mehercules hodie buc- 
 cam panis invenire potui. et quomodo siccitas perseve- 
 rat. iam annum esuritio fuit. aediles male eveniat, qui 5 
 cum pistoribus colludunt " serva me, servabo te." itaque 
 populus minutus laborat ; nam isti maiores maxillae sem- 
 per Saturnalia agunt. o si haberemus illos leones, quos 
 ego hie inveni, cum primum ex Asia veni. illud erat 
 vivere. simila si siligine inferior esset, laruas sic istos lO 
 percolopabant, ut illis lupiter iratus esset. [sed] me- 
 mini Safinimn : tunc habitabat ad arcum veterem, me 
 puero, piper, non homo, is quacunque ibat, terram adu- 
 rebat. sed rectus, sed certus, amicus amico, cum quo 
 audacter posses in tenebris micare. in curia autem quo- 15 
 modo singulos [vfl] pilabat [tractabat]. nee schemas 
 loquebatur sed directum, cum ageret porro in foro, sic 
 illius vox :rescebat tanquam tuba, nee sudavit unquam 
 nee expuit, puto eum nescio quid Asiadis habuisse, et 
 quam benignus resalutare, nomina omnium reddere, tan- 20 
 
18 PETBONII 
 
 quam unus de nobis, itaque illo tempore annona pro 
 luto erat. asse panem quern einisses, non potuisses cum 
 altero devorare. nunc oculum bublum vidi maiorem. 
 lieu heu, quotidie peius. haec colonia retroversus crescit 
 
 25 tanquam coda vituli. sed quare nos habemus aedilem 
 trium cauniarum, qui sibi mavult assem quam vitam 
 nostram ? itaque domi gaudet, plus in die nummorum 
 accipit, quam alter patrimonium habet. iam scio, unde 
 acceperit denarios mille aureos. sed si nos coleos habe- 
 
 30 remus, non tantum sibi placeret. nunc populus est domi 
 leones, foras vulpes. quod ad me attinet, iam pannos 
 meos comedi, et si perseverat haec annona, casulas meas 
 vendam. quid enim futurum est, si nee dii nee homines 
 huius coloniae miserentur ? ita meos f runiscar, ut ego 
 
 35 puto omnia ilia a diibus fieri, nemo enim caelum caelum 
 putat, nemo ieiunium servat, nemo lovem pili facit, sed 
 omnes opertis oculis bona sua computant. antea stolatae 
 ibant nudis pedibus in clivum, passis capillis, mentibus 
 puris, et lovem aquam exorabant. itaque statim urcea- 
 
 40 tim plovebat ; aut tunc aut nunquam ; et omnes redibant 
 udi tanquam mures, itaque dii pedes lanatos habent, 
 quia nos religiosi non sumus. agri iacent ' — 
 
 A long harangue hy Echion : " things never remain at their worst ; 
 our Titus will cheer us with gladiatorial shows." The speaker 
 may seem too talkative, but he has some promising lads at home 
 whom he desires Agamemnon to see. 
 
 45 ' Oro te ' inquit Echion centonarius ' melius loquere. 
 " modo sic, modo sic '' inquit rusticus ; varium porcum 
 perdiderat. quod liodie non est, eras erit: sic vita tru- 
 
CENA TKIMALCH10>IS. 19 
 
 ditur. non mehercules patria raelior dici potest, si homi- 
 nes haberet. sed laborat hoc tempore, nee haec sola. 5 
 non debemus delicati esse, ubique medius caelus est. 
 tu si aliiibi fueris, dices hie porcos coctos ambulare. et 
 ecce habituri siimus munus excellente in triduo die 
 festa; familia non lanisticia, sed plurinii liberti. et 
 Titus noster magnum animum habet et est caldicere- lO 
 brius ; aut hoc aut illud erit, quid utique. nam illi 
 domesticus sum, non est miscix. ferrum optimum datu- 
 rus est, sine fuga, carnarium in medio, ut amphitheater 
 videat. et habet unde ; relictum est illi sestertium tri- 
 centies, decessit illius pater male, ut quadringenta im- 15 
 pendat, non sentiet patrimonium illius, et sempiterno 
 nominabitur. iam IVIanios aliquot habet et mulierem es- 
 sedariam et dispensatorem Glyconis, qui deprehensus est, 
 cum dominam suam delectaretur. videbis populi rixam 
 inter zelotypos et amasiunculos. Glyco autem, sestertia- 20 
 rius homo, dispensatorem ad bestias dedit. hoc est se 
 ipsum traducere. quid servus peccavit, qui coactus est 
 facere ? magis ilia matella digna fuit, quam taurus 
 iactaret. sed qui asinum non potest, stratum caedit. 
 quid autem Glyco putabat Hermogenis filicem unquam 25 
 bonum exitum facturam ? ille milvo volanti poterat un- 
 gues resecare ; colubra restem non parit. Glyco, Glyco 
 dedit suas ; itaque quamdiu vixerit, habebit stigmam, 
 nee illam nisi Orcus delebit. sed sibi quisque peccat. 
 sed subolfacio, quod nobis epulum daturus est Mammaea, 30 
 binos denarios mihi et meis. quod si hoc fecerit, eripiat 
 Norbano totum favorem. scias oportet, plenis velis hunc 
 vinciturum. et revera, quid ille nobis boni fecit ? dedit 
 
20 PETRONII 
 
 gladiatores sestertiarios iam decrepitos, quos si sufflas- 
 
 35 ses, cecidissent; iam meliores bestiarios vidi. occidit 
 de lucerna equites, putares eos gallos gallinaceos ; alter 
 burdubasta ; alter loripes, tertiarius mortims pro mortuo, 
 qui habebat nervia praecisa. unus alicuius flaturae fuit 
 Thraex, qui et ipse ad dictata pugnavit. ad summam, 
 
 40 omnes postea secti sunt; adeo de magna turba "adhi- 
 bete " acceperant, plane f ugae merae. " munus tamen " 
 inquit "tibi dedi," et ego tibi plodo. computa, et tibi 
 
 46 plus do quam accepi. manus manum lavat. Videris 
 mihi, Agamemnon, dicere : " quid iste argutat moles- 
 tus ? " quia tu, qui potes loqui, non loquere. non es 
 nostrae fasciae, et ideo pauperorum verba derides, sci- 
 5 mus te prae literas fatuum esse, quid ergo est ? aliqua 
 die te persuadeam ut ad villam venias et videas casulas 
 nostras ? inveniemus quod manducemus, pullum, ova ; 
 belle erit, etiam si omnia hoc anno tempestas dispare 
 pallavit; inveniemus ergo unde saturi fiamus. et iam 
 
 10 tibi discipulus crescit cicaro mens, iam quattuor partis 
 dicit; si vixerit, habebis ad latus servulum. nam quic- 
 quid illi vacat, caput de tabula non tollit. ingeniosus 
 est et bono filo, etiam si in aves morbosus est. ego illi 
 iam tres cardeles occidi, et dixi quod mustella comedit. 
 
 15 invenit tamen alias nenias, et libentissime pingit. cete- 
 rum iam Graeculis calcem impingit et Latinas coepit 
 non male appetere, etiam si magister eius sibi placens fit 
 nee uno loco consistit, sed venit dem literas, sed non 
 vult laborare. est et alter non quidem doctus, sed curio- 
 
 20 sus, qui plus docet quam scit. itaque feriatis diebus 
 solet domum venire, et quicquid dederis, contentus est. 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIOXIS. 21 
 
 emi ergo nunc puero aliquot libra rubricata, quia volo 
 ilium ad domusionem aliquid de iure gustare. habet 
 haec res panem. nam Uteris satis inquinatus est. quod 
 si resilierit, destinavi ilium (aliquid) artificii docere, aut 25 
 tonstreinum aut praeconem aut certe causidicum, quod 
 illi auferre non possit nisi Oreus. ideo illi cotidie 
 clamo; "Primigeni, crede mihi, quicquid diseis, tibi 
 discis. vides Phileronem causidicum : si non didicisset, 
 hodie famem a labris non abigeret. modo, modo collo 3u 
 suo circumferebat onera venalia, nunc etiam adversus 
 Xorbanum se extendit. literae thesaurum est, et artifi- 
 cium nunquam moritur." 
 
 n 
 
 Trimalchio returns to the banquet; his consideration. Three porkers 
 are driven in, one of which shall be served up for the banquet. 
 
 Eiusmodi fabulae vibrabant, cum Trimalchio intravit 47 
 et, detecsa fronte, unguento manus lavit spatioque minimo 
 interposito ' ignoscite mihi ' inquit ' amici, multis iam die- 
 bus venter mihi non respondit. nee medici se inveniunt. 
 profuit mihi tamen malicorium et taeda ex aceto. spero 5 
 tamen, iam veterem pudorem sibi imponet. alioquin 
 circa stomachum mihi sonat, putes taurum. itaque si 
 quis vestrum voluerit sua re [causa] facere, non est 
 quod ilium pudeatur. nemo nostrum solide natus est. 
 ego nullum puto tam magnum tormentum esse quam lo 
 continere. hoc solum vetare nee lovis potest, rides, 
 Fortunata, quae soles me nocte desomnem facere? nee 
 tamen in triclinio ullum vetuo facere quod se iuvet, et 
 medici vetant continere. vel si quid plus venit, omnia 
 foras parata sunt: aqua, lasani et cetera minutalia. ere- 15 
 
22 PETRONII 
 
 dite mihi, anathymiasis in cerebrum it et in toto cor- 
 pore fluctum facit. multos scio sic periisse, dum nplunt 
 sibi verum dicere.' gratias agimus liberalitati indulgen- 
 tiaeque eius, et subinde castigamus crebris potiunculis 
 
 20 risum. nee adhuc sciebamus nos in medio lautitiarum, 
 qnod aiunt, clivo laborare. nam cum, mundatis ad sym- 
 phoniam mensis, tres albi sues in triclinium adducti sunt 
 capistris et tintinnabulis culti, quorum unum bimum 
 nomenculator esse dicebat, alterum trimum, tertium vero 
 
 25 iam sexennem, ego putabam petauristarios intrasse et 
 porcos, sicut in circulis mos est, portenta aliqua factu- 
 ros ; sed Trimalchio expectatione discussa ' quern ' inquit 
 ' ex eis vultis in cenam statim fieri ? gallum enim galli- 
 naceum, penthi^cum et eiusmodi nenias rusj^ici faciunt : 
 
 30 mei coci etiam vitulos aeno coctos solent facere.' con- 
 tinuoque cocum vocari iussit, et non expectata electione 
 nostra maximum natu iussit occidi, et clara voce ' ex 
 quota ' inquit ' decuria es ? ' cum ille se ex quadr^ge- 
 sima respondissetj 'empticius an' inquit 'domi natus ? ' 
 
 35 ' neutrum ' inquit cocus ' sed testamento Pansae tibi 
 relictus sum.' ' vide ergo ' ^it ' ut diligenter ponas ; si 
 
 non, te iubebo in decuriam viatorum conici.' et cocum 
 
 >. 
 
 quidem potentiae admouitum in culinam obsonium duxit, 
 
 Trimalchio tells of his estates; he would gladly add to what he has. 
 His two libraries; his hazy knowledge of their contents. 
 
 48 Trimalchio autem miti ad nos vultu respexit et ' vinum ' 
 inquit ' si non placet, mutabo ; vos illud oportet bonum 
 faciatis. deorum beneficio non emo, sed nunc quicquid 
 ad salivam facit, in suburban o nascitur eo, quod ego 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 23 
 
 adhuc non novi. dicitur confine esse Tarraciniensibus 5 
 et Tarentinis. nunc coniungere agellis Siciliam volo ut, 
 cum African! libuerit ire, per meos fines navigem. sed 
 narra tu mihi, Agamemnon, quam controversiam hodie 
 declamasti ? ego etiam si causas non ago, in domusio- 
 nem tamen literas didici. et ne me putes studia fasti- lo 
 ditum, II bvbliothecas liabeo, imam Graecam, alteram 
 Latinam. die ergo, si me amas, peristasim declamatio- 
 nis tuae.' cum dixisset Agamemnon 'pauper et dives 
 inimici erant,' ait Trimalchio 'quid est pauper?' 'jir,- 
 bane ' inquit Agamemnon et nescio quam controversiam 15 
 exposuit. statim Trimalchio 'hoc' inquit 'si factum est, 
 controversia non est ; si factum non est, nihil est.' haec 
 aliaque cum effusissimis prosequeremur laudationibus, 
 'rogo' inquit 'Agamemnon mihi carissime, numquid duo- 
 decim aerumnas Herculis tenes, aut de Vlixe fabulam, 20 
 quemadmodum illi Cyclops pollicem porcino extorsit? 
 solebam haec ego puer apud Homerum legere. nam 
 Sibyllam quidem Cumis ego ipse oculis meis vidi in am- 
 pulla pendere, et cum illi pueri dicerent : ^LJSvWa, tl 6e- 
 A.€is; respondebat ilia : diroOave^v 6eXo}.^ 25 
 
 With astonishing quickness the porker is brought in. Upon being 
 drawn, it discloses the side dishes of the course. 
 
 No^dum efflaverat omnia, cum repositorium cum sue 49 
 ing^ti mensam occupavit. mirari nos celeritatem coepi- 
 mus et iuyare, ne gallum quidem gallinaceum tam cito 
 percoqui potuisse, tanto quidem magis, quod louge maior 
 nobis porcus videbatur esse, quam paulo ante aper f uerat. 5 
 deinde magis magisque Trimalchio intuens eum 'quid? 
 
 T 
 
rN^ 
 
 >^X 
 
 24 PETRONII 
 
 quid?' inquit ^porcus hie non est exinteratus ? non 
 mehercules est. voca, voca cocum in medio.' cum con- 
 stitisset ad mensam cocus tristis et diceret se oblitum 
 
 10 esse exinterare, ' quid ? oblitus ? ' Trimalchio exclamat 
 ' putes ilium piper et cuminum non coniecisse. despo- 
 lia.' non fit mora, despoliatur cocus atque inter duos 
 tortores maestus consistit. deprecari tamen omnes coe- 
 perunt et dicere ' solet fieri ; rogamus, mittas ; postea si 
 
 15 fecerit, nemo nostrum pro illo rogabit.' ego, crudelis- 
 simae severitatis, non potui me tenere, sed inclinatus ad 
 aurem Agamemnonis 'plane' inquam 'hie debel; servus 
 esse nequissimus ; aliquis oblivisceretur porcum exinte- 
 rare? non mehercules illi ignoscerem, si piscem praeteris- 
 
 20 set.' at non Trimalchio, qui relaxato in hilaritatem vultu 
 ' ergo ' inquit ' quia tam malae memoriae es, palam nobis 
 ilium exintera.' recepta cocus tunica cultrum arripuit 
 porcique ventrem hinc atque illinc timida manu secuit. 
 
 ■ 
 
 nee mora, ex plagis ponderis inclinatione crescentibus 
 25 tomacula cum botulis effusa sunt. 
 
 The cook is rewarded with a Corinthian drinking service. Origin 
 of such ware. Glass is in some respects better. 
 
 50 Plausum post hoc automatum familia dedit et ' Gaio 
 feliciter' conclamavit. nee non cocus potione honora- 
 tus est et argentea corona, poculumque in lance accepit 
 Corinthia. quam cum Agamemnon propius consideraret, 
 5 ait Trimalchio ' solus sum qui vera Corinthea habeam.' 
 expectabam, ut pro reliqua insolentia diceret sibi vasa 
 Corintho afferri. sed ille melius : ' et forsitan ' inquit 
 'quaeris, quare solus Corinthea vera possideam: quia 
 
CEXA TKIMALCHIONIS. 25 
 
 scilicet aeramis, a quo emp, Corinthus vocatur. quid est 
 autem Corintheum, nisi quis Corinthum habet? et ne lO 
 me putetis nesapium esse, valde bene scio, unde primum 
 Corinthea nata sint. cum Ilium captum est, Hannibal, 
 homo vafer et magnus stelio, omnes statuas aeneas et 
 aureas et argenteas in uniml ro^m concessit et eas in- 
 ceiiait; factae sunt in unum ae^ miscellanea, ita ex 15 
 hac massa fa<bri sustulerunt et fecerunt catilla et paropsi- 
 des (et) staturtcula. sic Corinthea nata sunt, ex omnibus 
 in unum, ne6 hoc nee illud. ignoscetis mihi, quod dixero : ^x 
 ego malo mihi vitrea, certe non olunt. quod si non frange- 
 rentur, mallem mihi quam aurum ; nunc autem vilia sunt. 20 
 
 Trimalchio's story of the inventor of malleable glass. He feels his 
 wine, and requests Fortunata to dance. 
 
 Fuit tamen faber qui fecit phia^lam vitream, quae 51 
 non frangebatur. adn^issus ergo Caesarem est cum suo 
 munere, deinde fecit se porrigere Caesari et illam in ^ 
 
 pavimentum proiecit. Caesar non po^e valdius quam 
 expavit. at ille sustulit phialam de terra; collisa erat 5 
 tanquam vasum aeneum ; deinde martiolum de smu prgr 
 tulit et phialam otio belle coi^rexit. hoc facto putabat se 
 solium lovis tenefe, utique postquam (Caesar) illi dixit 
 " nuii^miid alius scit banc condituram vitreorum ? " vide ^ ^ 
 modo. postquam negavit, iussit ' ilium Caesar decollari : lo 
 quia enim, si scitum esset, aurum pro luto haberemus. 
 in argento plane studiosus sum. habeo scyphos urnales 52 
 plus minus (C) quemadraodum Cassandra 
 
 occidit filios suos, et pueri mortui iacent sic ut vivere 
 putes. habeo capides M, quas reliquit patrono (meo) 
 
26 PETRONII 
 
 5 Mummius, ubi Daedalus Niobam in equum 
 
 Troianum includit. nam Hermerotis pugnas et Petraitis 
 in poculis habeo, omnia ponderosa; meum enim intelligere 
 nulla pecunia vendo.' 
 
 Haec dum refert, puer calicem proiecit. ad quem respi- 
 
 10 ciens Trimalchio ' cito ' inquit ' te ipsum caede, quia nugax 
 es.' statim puer demisso labro orare. at ille ' quid me ' 
 inquit 'rogas ? tanquam ego tibi molestus sim. suadeo, 
 a te impetres, ne sis nugax.' tandem ergo 
 
 exoratus a nobis missionem dedit puero. ille dimissus 
 
 15 circa mensam percucurrit 
 
 et ' aquam f oras, vinum intro ' clamavit excipimus 
 
 urbanitatem iocantis, et ante omnes Agamemnon, qui scie- 
 bat quibus meritis revocaretur ad cenam. ceterum lau- 
 datus Trimalchio hilarius bibit et iam ebrio proximus 
 
 20 ' nemo ' inquit ' vestrum rogat Fortunatam meam, ut 
 saltet? credite mihi : cordacem nemo melius ducit.' 
 atque ipse erectis supra frontem manibus Syrum his- 
 trionem exhibebat concinente tota familia 'madeia peri- 
 madeia.' et prodisset in medium, nisi Fortunata ad aurem 
 
 25 accessisset ; [et] credo, dixerit non decere gravitatem eius 
 tam humiles ineptias. nihil autem tam inaequale erat; 
 nam modo Fortunatam (verebatur), modo ad naturam 
 suam revertebatur. 
 
 Report of Trimalchio'' s accountant on a day's happenings on his 
 master's estates. Juggler's perform. 
 
 53 Et plane interpellavit saltationis libidinem actuarius, 
 qui tanquam urbis acta recitavit : ' VII. kalendas sex- 
 
 I 
 
CEKA TRIMALCIIIONIS. 27 
 
 tiles: in praedio Cumano, quod est Trimalchionis, nati 
 sunt pueri XXX, puellae . XL ; sublata in horreum ex 
 area tritici millia modium quingenta; boves domiti 5 
 quingenti. eodem die : Mithridates servus in crucem 
 actus est, quia Gai nostri genio male dixerat. eodem 
 die: in arcam relatum est, quod collocari non potuit, 
 sestertium centies. eodem die : incendium factum est 
 in hortis Pompeianis, ortum ex aedibus Nastae vilici.' lO 
 ' quid ? ' inquit Trimalchio ' quando mihi Pompeiani 
 horti empti sunt ? ' ' anno priore ' inquit actuarius ' et 
 ideo in rationem nondum venerunt.' excanduit Trimal- 
 chio et ' quicunque ' inquit * mihi fundi empti fuerint, 
 nisi intra sextum mensem sciero, in rationes meas inferri 15 
 vetuo.' iam etiam edicta aedilium recitabantur et sal- 
 tuariorum testamenta, quibus Trimalchio cum elogio 
 exheredabatur ; iam nomina vilicorum et repudiata a 
 circitore liberta in balneatoris contubernio deprehensa et 
 atriensis Baias relegatus ; iam reus factus dispensator et 20 
 indicium inter cubicularios actum. 
 
 Petauristarii autem tandem venerunt. baro insulsis- 
 simus cum scalis constitit puerumque iussit per gradus 
 et in summa parte odaria saltare, circulos deinde ardentes 
 transilire et dentibus amphoram sustinere. mirabatur 25 
 haec solus Trimalchio dicebatque ingratum artificium 
 esse, ceterum duo esse in rebus humanis, quae liben- 
 tissime spectaret, petauristarios et cornicines ; reliqua 
 [animalia] acroamata tricas meras esse. ' nam et comoe- 
 dos ' inquit 'emeram, sed malui illos Atellaniam facere, 30 
 et choraulen meum iussi Latine cantare.' 
 
28 PETRONII 
 
 An accident leads to conversation on the unexpected. Trimalchio's 
 
 epigram. Puhlilius criticised. 
 
 54 Cum maxime haec dicente Gaio puer 
 
 Trimalchionis delapsus est. conclamavit familia, nee 
 minus convivae, non propter hominem tarn putidum, 
 cuius et cervices fractas libenter vidissent, sed propter 
 5 malum exitum cenae, ne necesse haberent alienum mor- 
 tuum plorare. ipse Trimalchio cum graviter ingemuisset 
 superque brachium tanquam laesum incubuisset, concur- 
 rere medici, et inter primos Fortunata crinibus passis 
 cum scypho, miseramque se atque infelicem proclamavit. 
 
 10 nam puer quidem, qui ceciderat, circumibat iam dudum 
 pedes nostros et missionem rogabat. pessime mihi erat, 
 ne his precibus per ridiculum aliquid catastropha quaere- 
 retur. nee enim adhuc exciderat cocus ille, qui oblitus 
 fuerat porcum exinterare. itaque totum circumspicere 
 
 15 triclinium coepi, ne per parietem automatum aliquod 
 exiret, utique postquam servus verberari coepit, qui 
 brachium domini contusum alba potius quam conchy- 
 liata involverat lana. nee longe aberravit suspicio mea ; 
 in vicem enim poenae venit decretum Trimalchionis, quo 
 
 20 puerum iussit liberum esse, ne quis posset dicere tantum 
 virum esse a servo vulneratum. 
 
 65 Oomprobamus nos factum et quam in prae- 
 
 cipiti res humanae essent, vario sermone garrimus. *ita' 
 
 inquit Trimalchio ' non oportet hunc casum sine inscrip- 
 
 tione transire ' statimque codicillos poposcit et non diu 
 
 5 cogitatione distorta haec recitavit : 
 
 ' quod non expectes, ex transverso Jit (ubique) 
 {no'strd) et supra 7ios Fortuna negotia curat. 
 quare da nobis vina Falerna, puer.' 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 29 
 
 Ab hoc epigram mate coepit poetarum esse mentio 
 diuque summa carminis penes Mopsum Thracem memorata est 10 
 donee Trimalchio ' rogo ' inquit ' magister, quid putas inter Oice- 
 ronem et Publilium interesse? ego alterum puto disertiorem 
 fuisse, alterum honestiorem. quid enim his melius dici potest? 
 " luxuriae rictu Mdrtis marcent moenia. 
 
 tuo palato clausus pavo pdscitur 16 
 
 plumdto amictus aureo Babylonico, 
 
 gallina tibi Numidica, tibi gallus spado ; 
 
 ciconia etiam, grdta peregrina hospita 
 
 pietaticultrix grdcilipes crotalistria 
 
 avis exul hiemis, titulus tepidi temporis, 20 
 
 nequitiae nidum in caccabo fecit modo. 
 
 quo margaritam cdram tibi, bacam Indicam ? 
 
 an ut matrona orndta phaleris pelagiis 
 
 tolldt pedes indomita in strato extraneo ? 
 
 zmaragdum ad quam rem viridem, pretiosum vitnim ? 25 
 
 quo Oarchedonios optas ignes lapideos, 
 
 nisi tit scintillet probitas e carbunculis ? 
 
 aequum est induere nuptam ventum textilem, 
 
 paldm prostare nudam in nebula linea ? " 
 
 Why it goes hard unth doctors and money changers and sheep and 
 
 oxen. Favors are distributed. 
 
 'Quod autem' inquit 'putamus secundum literas diffi- 56 
 cillimum esse artificium ? ego puto medicum et num- 
 mularium : medicus, qui scit quid homunciones intra 
 praecordia sua habeant et quando febris veniat, etiam 
 si illos odi pessime, quod mihi iubent saepe anatinam 5 
 parari ; nummularius, qui per argentum aes videt. nam 
 
30 PETRONII 
 
 mutae bestiae laboriosissimae boves et oves : boves, quo- 
 rum beneficio panem manducamus ; oves, quod lana illae 
 nos gloriosos faciunt. et f acinus indignum, aliquis ovil- 
 
 10 lam est et tunicam habet. apes enim ego divinas bestias 
 puto, quae mel vomunt, etiam si dicuntur illud a love 
 afferre ; ideo autem pungunt, quia ubicunque dulce est, ihi 
 et acidum invenies.' 
 
 lam etiam philosophos de negotio deiciebat, cum pitta- 
 
 15 cia in scypho circumferri coeperunt, puerque super hoc 
 positus officium apophoreta recitavit. 'argentum scele- 
 ratum ' : allata est perna, super quam acetabula erant 
 posita. ' cervical ' : offla collaris allata est. ' serisapia 
 et contumelia ' : xerophagi ex sapa dati sunt et contus 
 
 20 cum malo. ' porri et persica ' : flagellum et cultrum 
 accepit. ' passeres et muscarium ' : uvam passam et mel 
 Atticum. ' cenatoria et f orensia ' : offlam et tabulas 
 accepit. ' canale et pedale ' : lepus et solea est allata. 
 ' muraena et litera ' : murem cum rana alligata f ascemque 
 
 25 betae (accepit). diu risimus; sexcenta huiusmodi fue- 
 runt, quae iam exciderunt memoriae meae. 
 
 Hermeros berates Ascyltus. 
 
 57 Ceterum Ascyltos, intemperantis licentiae, cum omnia 
 sublatis manibus eluderet et usque ad lacrimas rideret, 
 unus ex conlibertis Trimalchionis excanduit, is ipse qui 
 supra me discumbebat, et ' quid rides ' inquit ' vervex ? 
 5 an tibi non placent lautitiae domini mei ? tu enim bea- 
 tior es et convivare melius soles. ^ Jitari:ut^laBa^ huius loei 
 habeam propitiam, ut ego si secundum ilium discumbe- 
 rem, iam illi balatum cluxissem. bellum pomum, qui 
 
CENA TRIMALCFIIONIS. 31 
 
 rideatiir alios ; larifuga nescio qiiis, nocturnus, qui non 
 valet lotiura suum. ad summam, si circumminxero lO 
 ilium, nesciet qua fugiat. non mehercules soleo cite 
 fervere, sed in molle came vermes nascuntur. ridet. 
 quid habet, quod rideat? numquid pater fetum emit 
 lamna? eques Romanus es : et ego regis filius. "quare 
 ergo servivisti ? " quia ipse me dedi in servitutem et 15 
 malui civis Komanus esse quam tributarius. et nunc 
 spero me sic vivere, ut nemini iocus sim. homo inter 
 homines sum, capite aperto ambulo; assem aerarium 
 nemini debeo ; constitutum habui nunquam ; nemo mihi 
 in foro dixit ''redde, quod debes." glebulas emi, lame- 20 
 lullas paravi ; viginti ventres pasco et canem ; contu- 
 bernalem meam redemi, ne quis in (sinu) illius manus 
 tergeret ; mille denarios pro capite solvi ; sevir gratis 
 factus sum; spero, sic moriar, ut mortuus non erubescam. 
 -/'tu autem tam laboriosus es, ut post te non respicias? in 25 
 alio peduclum vides, in te ricinum non vides. tibi soli 
 ridiclei videmur; ecce m agister tuus, homo maior natus : 
 placemus illi. tu lacticulosus nee mu nee ma argutas, 
 vasus fictilis, immo lorus in aqua, lentior, non melior. --p- 
 tu beatior es : bis prande, bis cena. ego fidem meam 30 
 malo quam thesauros. ad summam, quisquam me bis 
 poposcit ? annis quadraginta servivi ; nemo tamen sciit, 
 utrum servus essem an liber, et puer capillatus in hanc 
 coloniam veni ; adhuc basilica non erat facta, dedi ta- 
 men operam, ut domino satis facerem, homini maiiesto 35 
 et dignitosso, cuius pluris erat unguis quam tu totus 
 es. et habebam in domo, qui mihi pedem opponerent 
 hac iliac; tamen — genio illius gratias — enatavi. haec 
 
32 PETRONII 
 
 sunt vera athla; nam [in] ingenimm nasci tarn facile f 
 
 40 est quam "accede istoc." quid nunc stupes tanquam j 
 
 T hircus in ervilia ? ' ' 
 
 Giton meets the same punishment. 
 
 58 Post hoc dictum Giton, qui ad pedes stabat, risum iam 
 diu compressum etiam indecenter effudit. quod cum 
 animadvertisset adversarius Ascylti, flexit convicium in 
 puerum et ' tu autem ' inquit ^ etiam tu rides, caepa 
 5 cirrata? io Saturnalia, rogo, mensis december est? 
 quando vicesimam numerasti ? quid faciat, crucis 
 
 offla, corvorum cibaria. curabo, iam tibi lovis iratus 
 sit, et isti qui tibi non imperat. ita satur pane fiam, 
 ut ego istud conliberto meo dono; alioquin iam tibi 
 
 10 depraesentiarum reddidissem. bene nos habemus, at 
 isti nugae, qui tibi non imperant. plane qualis domi- 
 nus, talis et servus. vix me teneo, nee sum natura 
 caldicerebrius, (sed) cum coepi, matrem meam dupundii 
 non facio. recte, videbo te in publicum, mus, immo 
 
 15 terrae tuber : nee sursum nee deorsum non cresco, nisi 
 dominum tuum in rutae folium [non] coniecero, nee 
 tibi parsero, licet mehercules lovem Olympium clames. 
 curabo, longe tibi sit comula ista besalis et dominus 
 dupunduarius. recte, venies sub dentem : aut ego non 
 
 20 me novi, aut non deridebis, licet barbam auream habeas. 
 Athana tibi irata sit, curabo, et qui te primus Xrjpiohr} 
 fecit. non didici geometrias, critica et 
 
 alogias menias, sed lapidarias literas scio, partes centum 
 dico ad aes, ad pondus, ad nummum. ad summam, si 
 
 25 quid vis, ego et tu sponsiunculam : exi, defero lamnam. 
 
 ^1 
 
CENA TRIM ALCH IGNIS. 33 
 
 iam scies patrem tuum mercedes perdidisse, quamvis et 
 rhetoricam scis. ecce 
 
 ''qui de nobis longe venio, late venio? solve me." 
 dicam tibi, qui de nobis currit et de loco non niovetur; 
 qui de nobis crescit et minor fit. curris, stupes, satagis, 30 
 tanquaui mus in matella. ergo aut tace aut melioreni noli 
 molestare, qui te natum non putat; nisi si me iudicas anu- 
 los buxeos curare, quos amicae tuae involasti. Occuponem 
 propitium. eamus in forum et pecunias mutuemur. iani 
 scies hoc ferrum fidem habere, vah, bella res est volpis 35 
 uda. ita lucrum faciam et ita bene moriar ut populus per 
 exitum meum iuret, nisi te ubique toga perversa fuero per- 
 secutus. bella res et iste, qui te haec docet, mufrius, non 
 magister. (nos alia) didicimus ; dicebat enim magister 
 " sunt vestra salva ? recta domum ; cave, circumspicias ; 40 
 cave, maiorem maledicas. (Qui illos scholasticos bene 
 noverit, omnes fatuos esse sciet, studia eorum) autem 
 mera niapalia. (Plane recte aestimanti) nemo (eorum) 
 dupondii evadet." ego, quod me sic vides, propter arti- 
 ficium meum diis gratias ago.' 45 
 
 A scene from Homer ; interpretation by the host. 
 
 Coeperat Ascyltos respondere convicio, sed Trimalchio 59 
 delectatus colliberti eloquentia ' agite ' inquit ' scordalias 
 de medio, suaviter sit potius, et tu, Hermeros, parce 
 adulescentulo. sanguen illi fervet, tu melior esto. sem- 
 per in hac re qui vincitur, vincit. et tu cum esses capo, 5 
 cocococo, atque cor non habebas. sinius ergo, quod me- 
 lius est, a primitiis hilares et Homeristas spectemus.' 
 intravit factio statim hastisque scuta concrepuit. ipse 
 
34 PETRONII 
 
 Trimalchio in pulvino consedit, et cum Homeristae 
 10 Graecis versibus colloquerentur, ut insolenter solent, 
 ille canora voce Latine legebat librum. mox silentio 
 facto Ascitis' inquit ^quam fabulam agant? Diomedes 
 et Ganymedes duo fratres fuerunt. horum soror erat 
 Helena. Agamemnon illam rapuit et Dianae cervam 
 15 subiecit. ita nunc Homeros dicit, quemadmodum inter 
 se pugnent Troiani et Parentini. vicit scilicet et Iphi- 
 geniam, iiliam suam, Achilli dedit uxorem. ob earn rem 
 Aiax insanit et statim argumentum explicabit.' baec ut 
 dixit Trimalchio, clamorem Homeristae sustulerunt, in- 
 20 terque familiam discurrentem vitulus in lance ducenaria 
 elixus allatus est, et quidem galeatus. secutus est Aiax 
 strictoque gladio, tanquam insaniret, concidit, ac modo 
 versa modo supina gesticulatus, mucrone frusta collegit 
 mirantibusque vitulum partitus est. 
 
 A hoop hung with favors descends from the ceiling. A new and 
 dainty course. The Lares are brought in. 
 
 60 Nec diu mirari licuit tarn elegantes strophas; nam 
 repente lacunaria sonare coeperunt totumque triclinium 
 intremuit. consternatus ego exsurrexi et timui, ne per 
 tectum petauristarius aliquis descenderet. nee minus 
 5 reliqui convivae mirantes erexere vultus, expectantes 
 quid novi de caelo nuntiaretur. ecce autem diductis 
 lacunaribus subito circulus ingens, de cupa videlicet 
 grandi excussus, demittitur, cuius per totum orbem coro- 
 nae aureae cum alabastris unguenti pendebant. dum 
 
 10 haec apophoreta iubemur sumere, respiciens ad mensam 
 (rursus rem novam notavi). iam illic repositorium cum 
 
CENA TKIMALCHIONIS. 35 
 
 placeDtis aliquot erat positura, quod medium Priapus a 
 pistore factus tenebat, gremioque satis amplo omnis 
 generis poma et uvas sustinebat more vulgato. avidius 
 ad pompam manus porreximus, et repente nova ludorum lo 
 missio liilaritatem hie refecit. omnes enim placentae 
 omniaque poma etiam minima vexatione contacta coepe- 
 runt effundere crocum, et usque ad os molestus umor 
 accidere. rati ergo sacrum esse fericulum tarn religioso 
 apparatu perfusum, consurreximus altius et 'Augusto, 20 
 patri patriae, feliciter' diximus. quibusdam tamen 
 etiam post lianc venerationem poma rapientibus et ipsi 
 mappas implevimus, ego praecipue, qui nullo satis amplo 
 munere putabam me one rare Gitonis sinum. 
 
 Inter haec tres pueri Candidas succincti tunicas in- 25 
 traverunt, quorum duo Lares bullatos super mensam 
 posuerunt, unus pateram vini circumferens ' dii propitii ' 
 clamabat. aiebat autem unum Cerdonem, al- 
 
 terum Felicionem, tertium Lucrionem vocari. nos etiam 
 veram imaginem ipsius Trimalchionis, cum iam omnes 30 
 basiarent, erubuimus praeterire. 
 
 The werwolf. 
 
 Postquam ergo omnes bonam mentem bonamque vali- 61 
 tudinem sibi optarunt, Trimalchio ad Nicerotem respexit 
 et ' solebas ' inquit ' suanus esse in convictu ; nescio quid 
 nunc taces nee muttis. oro te, sic felicem me videas, 
 narra illud quod tibi usu venit.' Xiceros delectatus affa- 5 
 bilitate amici 'omne me' inquit 'lucrum transeat, nisi 
 iam dudum gaudimonio dissilio, quod te talem video, 
 itaque hilaria mera sint, etsi timeo istos scholasticos. ne 
 
36 PETRONII 
 
 me rideant. viderint: narrabo tamen; quid enim mihi 
 
 10 aufert, qui ridet ? satius est rideri quam derideri.' haec 
 ubi dicta dedit, talem f abulam exorsus est : 
 
 'Cum adhuc servirem, habitabamus in vico angusto; 
 nunc Gavillae domus est. ibi, quomodo dii volunt, 
 amare coepi uxorem Terentii coponis : noveratis Melis- 
 
 15 sam Tarentinam, pulcherrimum bacciballum. sed ego 
 non meliercules corporaliter (illam) aut propter res vene- 
 rias curavi, sed magis quod bene morata fuit. si quid ab 
 ilia petii, nunquam mihi negatum ; fecit assem, semissem 
 habui ; (quicquid liabui), in illius sinum demandavi, nee 
 
 20 unquam fefellitus sum. huius contubernalis ad villam 
 supremum diem obiit. itaque per scutum per ocream 
 egi aginavi, quemadmodum ad illam pervenirem: (sci- 
 
 62 tis) autem, in angustiis amici apparent, forte dominus 
 Capuam exierat ad scruta scita expedienda. nactus ego 
 occasionem persuadeo hospitem nostrum, ut mecum ad 
 quintum miliarium veniat. erat autem miles, fortis 
 5 tanquam Orcus. apoculamus nos circa gallicinia, luna 
 lucebat tanquam meridie. venimus intra monimenta: 
 homo mens coepit ad stelas facere, sedeo ego canta- 
 bundus et stelas numero. delude ut respexi ad comitem, 
 ille exuit se et omnia vestimenta secundum viam posuit. 
 
 10 mihi anima in naso esse, stabam tanquam mortuus. at 
 ille circumminxit vestimenta sua et subito lupus factus 
 est. nolite me iocari putare ; ut mentiar, nullius patri- 
 monium tanti facio. sed, quod coeperam dicere, post- 
 quam lupus factus est, ululare coepit et in silvas fugit. 
 
 15 ego primitus nesciebam ubi essem, delude accessi, ut 
 vestimenta eius tollerem ; ilia autem lapidea facta sunt. 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 37 
 
 qui mori timore nisi ego ? gladium tamen strinxi et in 
 tota via umbras cecidi, donee ad villam amicae meae per- 
 venirem. ut larua intravi, paene animam ebullivi, sudor 
 milii per bifurcum volabat, oculi mortui, vix unquam re- 20 
 fectus sum. Melissa mea mirari coepit, quod tam sero 
 ambularem, et " si ante " inquit " venisses, saltem nobis 
 adiutasses ; lupus enim villam intravit et omnia pecora 
 (perculit), tanquam lanius sanguinem illis misit. nee 
 tamen derisit, etiam si fugit ; servus enim noster lancea 25 
 collum eias traiecit." haec ut audivi, operire oculos 
 amplius non potui, sed luce clara Gai nostri domum 
 fugi tanquam copo compilatus, et postquam veni in 
 ilium locum, in quo lapidea vestimenta erant facta, nihil 
 inveni nisi sanguinem. ut vero domum veni, iacebat 30 
 miles mens in lecto tanquam bovis, et collum illius 
 medicus curabat. intellexi ilium versipellem esse, nee 
 postea cum illo panem gustare potui, non si me occidis- 
 ses. viderint alii quid de hoc exopinissent ; ego si 
 mentior, genios vestros iratos habeam.' 35 
 
 Trimalckio's tale of the icitches; he becomes more quarrelsome. An 
 
 unpleasant dessert is served. 
 
 Attonitis admiratione universis ' salvo ' inquit ' tuo ser- 63 
 mone ' Trimalchio ' si qua fides est, ut mihi pili inhorrue- 
 runt, quia scio Niceronem nihil nugarum narrare : immo 
 certus est et minime linguosus. nam et ipse vobis rem 
 horribilem narrabo. asinus in tegnlis. cum adhuc capil- 5 
 latus essem, nam a puero vitam Chiam gessi, ipsimi nostri 
 delicatus decessit, mehercules margaritum, sacritus et 
 omnium numerum. cum ergo ilium mater misella plan- 
 
>\ 
 
 38 PETRONII 
 
 geret et nos turn plures in tristimonio essemus, subito ^j 
 
 10 strigae (stridere) coeperunt ; putares canem leporem per- 
 sequi. habebamus tunc hominem Cappadocem, longum, 
 valde audaculum et qui valebat: poterat bovem iratum 
 toll ere. hie audacter stricto gladio extra ostium pro- 
 cucurrit, involuta sinistra manu curiose, et mulierem 
 
 15 tanquam hoc loco — salvum sit, quod tango — mediam 
 traiecit. audimus gemitum, et — plane non mentiar — 
 ipsas non vidimus, baro autem noster introversus se pro- 
 iecit in lectum, et corpus totum lividum habebat quasi 
 flagellis caesus, quia scilicet ilium tetigerat mala manus. 
 
 20 nos cluso ostio redimus iterum ad officium, sed cum mater 
 amplexaret corpus filii sui, tangit et videt manuciolum 
 de stramentis factum, non cor habebat, non intestina, 
 non quicquam : scilicet iam puerum strigae involaverant 
 et supposuerant stramenticium vavatonem. rogo vos, 
 
 25 oportet credatis, sunt mulieres plussciae, sunt nocturnae, 
 et quod sursum est, deorsum faciunt. ceterum baro ille 
 longus post hoc factum nunquam coloris sui fuit, immo 
 post paucos dies phreneticus periit.' 
 
 64 Miramur nos et pariter credimus, osculatique mensam 
 rogamus Nocturnas, ut suis (sedibus) se teneant, dum 
 redimus a cena. 
 
 Et sane iam lucernae mihi plures videbantur ardere 
 6 totumque triclinium esse mutatum, cum Trimalchio ' tibi 
 dico ' in quit ' Plocame, nihil narras ? nihil nos delectaris ? 
 et solebas suavius esse, belle deverbia dicere, melica can- 
 turire. heu heu, abistis dulcis caricae.' Mam' inquit 
 ille ^quadrigae meae decucurrerunt, ex quo podagricus 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 39 
 
 factus sum. alioqiiin cmn essem adulescentulus, can- lo 
 tando paene tisicus factus sum. quid saltare? quid 
 deverbia ? quid tonstrinum ? quando parem habui nisi 
 unum Apelletem ? ' appositaque ad os manu nescio quid 
 taetrum exsibilavit, quod postea Graecum esse affirmabat. 
 
 Nee non Trimalchio ipse cum tubicines esset imita- 15 
 tus, ad delicias suas respexit, quem Croesum appellabat. 
 puer auteni lippus, sordidissimis dentibus, catellam nigram 
 atque indecenter pinguem prasina involvebat fascia pa- 
 nemque semissem ponebat super torum atque banc nausea 
 recusantem saginabat. quo admonitus officii Trimalchio 20 
 Scylacem iussit adduci ^ praesidium domus f amiliaeque.' 
 nee mora, ingentis formae adductus est canis catena 
 vinctus, admonitiisque ostiarii calce, ut cubaret, ante 
 mensam se posuit. turn Trimalchio iactans candidum 
 panem ^ nemo ' inquit ' in domo mea me plus amat.' 25 
 indignatus puer, quod Scylacem tam effuse laudaret, catel- 
 lam in terram deposuit hortatusque (est), ut ad rixam 
 properaret. Scylax, canino scilicet usus ingenio, taeter- 
 rimo latratu triclinium implevit Margaritamque Croesi 
 paene laceravit. nee intra rixam tumultus constitit, sed 30 
 candelabrum etiam super mensam eversum et vasa omnia 
 crystallina comminuit et oleo ferventi aliquot convivas 
 respersit. Trimalchio ne videretur iactura motus, basia- 
 vit puerum ac iussit super dorsum ascendere suum. non 
 moratus ille usus (est) equo manuque plena scapulas eius 3c 
 subinde verberavit, interque risum proclamavit : ' bucca, 
 bucca, quot sunt hie ? ' repressus ergo 
 
 aliquamdiu Trimalchio camellam grandem iussit misceri 
 (et) potiones dividi omnibus servis, qui ad pedes sedebant, 
 
; 
 
 40 PETROXII 
 
 40 adiecta exceptione : ' si quis ' inquit ' noluerit accipere, 
 caput illi perfunde. interdiu severa, nunc hilaria.' 
 
 '^ Arrival of Habinnas, who has heen dining out. Fortunata enters 
 to gossip with Scintilla, his ici/e. They comjmre jewelry. 
 
 65 Hanc humanitatem insecutae sunt matteae, quarum 
 etiam recordatio me, si qua est dicenti fides, offendit. 
 singulae enim gallinae altiles pro turdis circumlatae sunt 
 et ova anserina pilleata, quae ut comessemus, ambitiosis- | 
 
 5 sime (a) nobis Trimalchio petiit dicens exossatas esse 
 gallinas. inter haec triclinii valvas lictor percussit, 
 amictusque veste alba cum ingenti frequentia comissator 
 intravit. ego maiestate conterritus praetorem putabam 
 venisse. itaque temptavi assurgere et nudos pedes in 
 
 10 terram deferre. risit hanc trepidationem Agamemnon 
 et ' contine te ' inquit ' homo stultissime. Habinnas se- 
 vir est idemque lapidarius, qui videtur monumenta optime 
 facere.' 
 
 E-ecreatus hoc sermone reposui cubitum, Habinnamque 
 
 15 intrantem cum admiratione ingenti spectabam. ille autem 
 iam ebrius uxoris suae umeris imposuerat manus, onera- 
 tusque aliquot coronis et unguento per frontem in oculos 
 fluente praetorio loco se posuit continuoque vinum et 
 caldam poposcit. delectatus hac Trimalchio hilaritate 
 
 20 et ipse capaciorem poposcit scyphum quaesivitque, quo- 
 modo acceptus esset. 'omnia' inquit Hiabuimus praeter 
 te ; oculi enim mei hie erant. et mehercules bene fuit. 
 Scissa lautum novemdiale servo suo misello faciebat, 
 quern mortuum manu miserat. et puto, cum vicensima- 
 
 25 riis magnam mantissam habet ; quinquaginta enim milli- 
 
 i. 
 
CENA TRIM ALCH IGNIS. 41 
 
 bus aestimant mortuum. sed tamen suaviter fuit, etiam 
 si coacti sumiis dimidias potiones super ossucula eius 
 effundere.' 'tamen' inquit Trimalchio 'quid habuistis 66 
 in cena ? ' ' dicam ' inquit * si potuero ; nam tam bonae 
 memoriae sum, ut frequenter nomen meum obliviscar. 
 habuimus tamen in primo porcum botulo coronatum et 
 circa saviunculum et gizeria optime facta et certe betam 5 
 et panem autopyrum de suo sibi, quem ego malo quam 
 candidum; et vires facit, et cum mea re [causa] facie, 
 non ploro. sequens ferculum fuit scriblita frigida et 
 super mel caldum infusum excellente Hispanum. itaque 
 de scriblita quidem non minimum edi, de melle me usque 10 
 tetigi. circa cicer et lupinum, calvae arbitratu et mala 
 singula, ego tamen duo sustuli et ecce in mappa alligata 
 habeo ; nam si aliquid muneris meo vernulae non tulero, 
 habebo convicium. bene me admonet domina mea. in 
 prospectu habuimus ursinae frustum, de quo cum im- 15 
 prudens Scintilla gustasset, paene intestina sua vomuit. 
 ego contra plus libram comedi, nam ipsum aprum sapie- 
 bat. et si, inquam, ursus liomuncionem comest, quanto 
 magis homuncio debet ursum comesse ? in summo habui- 
 mus caseum mollem ex sapa et cocleas singulas et cordae 20 
 frusta et hepatia in catillis et ova pilleata et rapam et 
 senape et catillum concacatum, pax Palamedes. etiam 
 in alveo circumlata sunt oxycomina, unde quidam etiam 
 improbe ternos pugnos sustulerunt. nam pernae mis- 
 sionem dedimus. sed narra mihi, Gai, rogo, Fortunata 67 
 quare non recumbit ? ' ' quomodo nosti ' inquit ' illam ' 
 Trimalchio, 'nisi argentum composuerit, nisi reliquias 
 pueris diviserit, aquam in os suum non coniciet.' ' atqui ' 
 
42 PETRONII 
 
 5 respondit Habinnas ' nisi ilia discumbit, ego me apoculo,' 
 et coeperat surgere, nisi signo dato Fortunata qiiater am- 
 plius a tota familia esset vocata. venit ergo galbino siic- 
 cincta cingillo, ita nt infra cerasina appareret tunica et 
 periscelides tortae phaecasiaeque inauratae. tunc sudario 
 10 manus tergens, quod in collo habebat, applicat se illi toro, 
 in quo Scintilla Habinnae discumbebat uxor, osculataque 
 plaudentem ' est te ' inquit ' videre ? ' 
 
 Eo deinde perventum est, ut Fortunata armillas suas 
 crassissimis detraheret lacertis Scintillaeque miranti 
 
 15 ostenderet. ultimo etiam periscelides resolvit et reticu- 
 lum aureum, quem ex obrussa esse dicebat. notavit 
 haec Trimalchio iussitque afferri omnia et ' videtis ' 
 inquit ' mulieris compedes : sic nos barcalae despolia- 
 mur. sex pondo et selibram debet habere, et ipse ni- 
 
 20 hilo minus babeo decern pondo armillam ex millesimis 
 Mercurii factam.' ultimo etiam, ne mentiri videretur, 
 stateram iussit afferri et circumlatum approbari pondus. 
 nee melior Scintilla, quae de cervice sua capsellam de- 
 traxit aureolam, quam Felicionem appellabat. inde duo 
 
 25 crotalia protulit et Fortunatae in vicem consideranda 
 dedit et ' domini ' inquit ' mei beneficio nemo habet me- 
 liora.' ' quid ? ' inquit Habinnas ' excatarissasti me, ut 
 tibi emerem fabam vitream. plane si filiam haberem, 
 auriculas illi praeciderem. mulieres si non essent, omnia 
 
 30 pro luto haberemus ; nunc hoc est caldum meiere et 
 frigidum potare.' 
 
 Interim mulieres sociae inter se riserunt ebriaeque 
 iunxerunt oscula, dum altera diligentiam matris familiae 
 
 II 
 
CEXA TRIMALCHIONIS. 43 
 
 iactat, altera delicias et indiligentiam viri. dumqiie sic 
 cohaerent, Habinnas furtim consurrexit pedesque Fortii- 35 
 natae correptos super lectum immisit. ' au au ' ilia pro- 
 clamavit aberrante tunica super genua, composita ergo 
 in gremio Scintillae incensissimam rubore faciem sudario 
 abscondit. 
 
 Secundae mensae. Boisterous singing. Habinnas and his slave. 
 
 The din increases. 
 
 Interposito deinde spatio cum secundas mensas Tri- 68 
 malchio iussisset afferri, sustulerunt servi omnes mensas 
 et alias attulerunt, scobemque croco et minio tinctam 
 sparserunt et, quod nunquam ante videram, ex lapide 
 specular! pulverem tritum. statim Trimalchio ' poteram 5 
 quidem ' inquit ' hoc fericulo esse contentus ; secundas 
 enim mensas habetis. (sed) si quid belli babes, affer.' 
 
 Interim puer Alexandrinus, qui caldam ministrabat, 
 luscinias coepit iraitari clamante Trimalcbione subinde 
 ' muta.' ecce alius Indus, servus qui ad pedes Habinnae lo 
 sedebat, iussus, credo, a domino suo proclamavit subito 
 canora voce : 
 
 ' interea medium Aeneas iam classe tenebat.' 
 nullus sonus unquam acidior percussit aures meas ; nam 
 praeter errantis barbariae aut adiectum aut deminutum 15 
 clamorem miscebat Atellanicos versus, ut tunc primum 
 me etiam Vergilius offenderit. plausum tamen, cum 
 aliquando desisset, adiecit Habinnas et ' nunquam ' 
 inquit ' didioit, sed ego ad circulatores eum mittendo 
 erudibam. itaque parem non habet, sive muliones volet 20 
 sive circulatores imitari. desperatum valde ingeniosus 
 
44 PETRONII 
 
 est : idem sutor est, idem cocus, idem pistor, omnis 
 musae mancipium. duo tamen vitia habet, quae si non 
 haberet, esset omnium numerum : recutitus est et stertit. 
 nam quod strabonus est, non euro ; sicut Venus spectat. 
 
 69 ideo nihil tacet, vix oculo mortuo unquam. ilium emi 
 trecentis denariis.' interpellavit loquentem Scintilla et 
 ' plane ' inquit ' non omnia artificia servi nequam narras. 
 agaga est; at curabo stigmam habeat.' risit Trimalchio 
 5 et ' adcognosco ' inquit ' Cappadocem : nihil sibi defraudit. 
 et mehercules laudo ilium ; hoc enim nemo parentat. tu 
 autem, Scintilla, noli zelotypa esse, crede mihi, et vos 
 novimus. sic me salvum habeatis, ut ego sic solebam 
 ipsumam meam debattuere, ut et;am dominus suspicare- 
 
 10 tur ; et ideo me in vilicationem relegavit. sed tace, lingua, 
 dabo panem.' tanquam laudatus esset nequissimus ser- 
 vus, lucernam de sinu fictilem protulit et amplius semihora 
 tubicines imitatus est succinente Habinna et inferius la- 
 brum manu deprimente. ultimo etiam in medium proces- 
 
 15 sit et modo harundinibus quassis choraulas imitatus est, 
 modo lacernatus cum flagello mulionum fata egit, donee 
 vocatum ad se Habinnas basiavit, potionemque illi por- 
 rexit et ' tanto melior ' inquit ' Massa, dono tibi caligas.' 
 
 The arrival of the epidipnis restores order; a piece de resistance 
 prepared by the cook Daedalus. Curious way of serving oysters. 
 Some disgusting economy. The hostess is inclined to dance, hut 
 slaves crowd into the room, and the noisome cook makes himself 
 too familiar. 
 
 Nec ullus tot malorum finis fuisset, nisi epidipnis esset 
 20 allata ; turdi siliginei uvis passis nucibusque farsi. inse- 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 45 
 
 ciita sunt Cytlonia etiam mala spinis confixa, ut echinos 
 efficerent. et liaec quidem tolerabilia eraiit, si iion fericu- 
 luin loiige monstrosius effecisset, ut vel fame i)erire mal- 
 lemus. nam cum positus esset, ut nos putabamus, anser 
 altilis circaque pisces et omnia genera avium, (* amici ') 25 
 inquit Trimalchio * quicquid videtis hie positum, de uno 
 corpore est factum.' ego, scilicet homo prudentissimus, 
 statim intellexi quid esset, et respiciens Agamemnonem 
 ^mirabor' inquam 'nisi omnia ista de (fimo) facta sunt 
 aut certe de luto. vidi Romae Saturnalibus eiusmodi 
 cenarum imaginem fieri.' necdum finieram sermonem, 70 
 cum Trimalchio ait ' ita crescam patrimonio, non cor- 
 pore, ut ista cocus mens de porco fecit, non potest esse 
 pretiosior homo, volueris, de vulva faciet piscem, de 
 lardo palumbum, de perna turturem, de colaepio gallinam 5 
 et ideo ingenio meo impositum est illi nomen bellissimum ; 
 nam Daedalus vocatur. et quia bonam mentem habet, 
 attuli illi Roma munus cultros Norico ferro.' quos sta- 
 tim iussit afferri inspectosque miratus est. et nobis 
 potestatem fecit, ut mucronem ad buccam probaremus. 10 
 
 Subito intraverunt duo servi, tanquam qui rixam ad 
 lacum fecissent ; certe in collo adhuc amphoras habebant. 
 cum ergo Trimalchio ius inter litigantes diceret, neuter 
 sententiam tulit decernentis, sed alterius amphoram fuste 
 percussit. consternati nos insolentia ebriorum intentavi- 15 
 mus oculos in proeliantes notavimusque ostrea pectinesque 
 e gastris labentia, quae collecta puer lance circumtulit. 
 has lautitias aequavit ingeniosus cocus ; in craticula enim 
 argentea cochleas attulit et tremula taeterrimaque voce 
 cantavit. 20 
 
46 PETRONII 
 
 Pudet referre quae secuntur ; inaudito enim more pueri 
 capillati attulerunt unguentum in argentea pelve pedesque 
 recumbentium unxerunt, cum ante crura talosque corollis 
 vinxissent. hinc ex eodem unguento in vinarium atque 
 
 25 lucernam aliquantum est infusum. 
 
 lam coeperat Fortunata velle saltare, iam Scintilla fre- 
 quentius plaudebat quam loquebatur, cum Trimalchio 
 ' permitto ' inquit ' Philargyre et Cario, etsi prasinianus 
 es famosus, die et Menophilae, contubernali tuae, discum- 
 
 30 bat.' quid multa ? paene de lectis deiecti sumus, adeo 
 totum triclinium familia occupaverat. certe ego notavi 
 super me positum cocum, qui de porco anserem fecerat, 
 muria condimentisque fetentem. nee contentus fuit re- 
 cumbere, sed continuo Ephesum tragoedum coepit imitari 
 
 35 et subinde dominum suuni sponsione provocare ' si prasi- 
 nus proximis circensibus primam palm am.' 
 
 Reading of Trimalcliio' s ivill ; his funeral directions ; weeping. 
 
 A hath is proposed. 
 
 71 Diffusus hac contentione Trimalchio 'amici' inquit 'et 
 servi homines sunt et aeque unum lactem biberunt, etiam 
 si illos malus fatus oppressit. tamen me salvo cito aquam 
 liberam gustabunt. ad summam, omnes illos in testamento 
 5 meo manumitto. Philargyro etiam fundum lego et con- 
 tubernalem suam, Carioni quoque insulam et vicesimam 
 et lectum stratum. nam Fortunatam meam heredem 
 facio, et commendo ill am omnibus amicis meis. et haec 
 ideo omnia publico, ut familia mea iam nunc sic me amet 
 
 10 tanquam mortuum.' gratias agere omnes indulgentiae 
 coeperant domini, cum ille oblitus nugarum exemplar 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 47 
 
 testamenti iussit afferri et totiim a primo ad ultinium 
 ingemescente familia recitavit. respiciens deinde Ha- 
 binnam ' quid dicis ' inquit ' amice carissime ? aedificas 
 monumentum meiim, quemadmodum te iussi ? valde te 15 
 rogo, lit secundum pedes statuae meae catellam ponas et 
 coronas et unguenta et Petraitis oranes pugnas, ut mihi 
 contingat tuo beneficio post mortem vivere ; praeterea 
 ut sint in fronte pedes centum, in agrum pedes ducenti. 
 omne genus enim poma volo sint circa cineres meos, et 20 
 vinearum largiter. valde enim falsum est vivo quidem 
 domos cultas esse, non curari eas, ubi diutius nobis habi- 
 tandum est. et ideo ante omnia adici volo : hoc moxvmen- 
 TVM HEREDEM Nox SEQVTTVR. cctcrum crit mihi curae, 
 ut testamento caveam, ne mortuus iniuriam accipiam. 25 
 praeponam enim unum ex libertis sepulcro meo custodiae 
 causa, ne in monumentum meum populus cacatum currat. 
 te rogo, ut naves etiam (in lateribus) monumenti mei 
 facias plenis velis euntes, et me in tribunali sedentem 
 praetextatum cum anulis aureis quinque et nummos in 30 
 publico de sacculo effundentem ; scis enim, quod epulum 
 dedi binos denarios. f aciantur, si tibi videtur, et triclinia, 
 facias et totum populum sibi suaviter facientem. ad dex- 
 teram meam ponas statuam Fortunatae meae columbam 
 tenentem : et catellam cingulo alligatam ducat : et cica- 35 
 ronem meum, et amphoras copiosas gypsatas, ne effluant 
 vinum. et urnam licet fractam sculpas, et super earn 
 puerum plorantem. horologium in medio, ut quisquis 
 horas inspiciet, velit nolit, nomen meum legat. inscriptio 
 quoque vide diligenter si haec satis idonea tibi vide- 40 
 tur : c. POMPEivs trimalchio maecexatiaxvs hic re- 
 
«p 
 
 \ 
 
 48 PETROXII 
 
 QVIESCIT. HVIC SEVIRATVS ABSENT! DECRETVS EST. CVM 
 POSSET IN OMNIBVS DECVRIIS ROMAE ESSE, TAMEN NOLVIT. 
 PIVS, FORTISj FIDELIS, EX PARVO CREVIT, SESTERTIVM RE- 
 45 LIQVIT TRECENTIES, NEC VNQVAM PHILOSOPHVM AVDIVIT. 
 VALE : ET TV.' 
 
 72 Haec ut dixit Trimalchio, flere coepit ubertim. flebat 
 et Fortunata, flebat et Habinnas, tota deniqiie familia, 
 tanquam in fnnus rogata, lamentatione triclininm. imple- 
 vit. immo iam coeperam etiam ego plorare, cum Tri- 
 
 5 malchio ' ergo ' inquit ' cum sciamus nos morituros esse, 
 quare non vivamus? sic vos felices videam, coniciamus 
 nos in balneum, meo periculo, non paenitebit. sic calet 
 tanquam furnus.' ' vero, vero ' inquit Habinnas ' de una 
 die duas facere, nihil malo ' nudisque consurrexit pedibus 
 
 10 et Trimalchionem plaudentem subsequi (coepit). j 
 
 Encolpius tries to escape, hut is forced to return and Join the guests 
 
 at the bath. 
 
 Ego respiciens ad Ascylton ' quid cogitas ? ' inquam ' ego 
 enim si videro balneum, statim expirabo.' 'assectemur' 
 ait ille ' et dum illi balneum petunt, nos in turba exeamus.' 
 cum haec placuissent, dncente per porticum Gitone ad 
 
 15 ianuam venimus, ubi canis catenarius tanto nos tumultu 
 excepit, ut Ascjdtos etiam in piscinam ceciderit. nee 
 non ego quoque ebrius, qui etiam pictum timueram 
 canem, dum natanti- opem fero, in eundem gurgitem 
 tractus sum. servavit nos tamen atriensis, qui inter- 
 
 20 ventu suo et canem placavit et nos trementes extraxit in 
 siccum. et Giton quidem iam dudum se ratione acutis- 
 sima redemerat a cane j quicquid enim a nobis acceperat 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 49 
 
 de cena, latranti sparserat ; ita ille avocatus cibo f urorera 
 suppresserat. ceterum cum algentes udique petissemus 
 ab atriense, ut uus extra iaiiuam emitteret, ' erras ' inquit 25 
 ' si putas te exire hac posse, qua venisti. nemo uiiquam 
 convivarum per eandem iamiam emissus est ; alia intrant, 
 alia exeunt.' quid faciamus homines miserrirai et novi 73 
 generis labyrintlio inclusi, quibus lavari iam coeperat 
 votum esse ? ultro ergo rogavimus, ut nos ad balneum 
 duceret, proiectisque vestimentis, quae Giton in aditu 
 siccare coepit, balneum intravimus, angustum scilicet et 5 
 cisternae frigidariae simile, in quo Trimalchio rectus 
 stabat. ac ne sic quidem putidissimam eius iactationem 
 licuit effugere ; nam nihil melius esse dicebat, quam sine 
 turba lavari, et eo ipso loco aliquando pistrinum fuisse. 
 deinde ut lassatus consedit, invitatus balnei sono diduxit lo 
 usque ad cameram os ebrium et coepit Menecratis cantica 
 lacerare, sicut illi dicebant, qui linguam eius intellege- 
 bant. ceteri convivae circa labrum manibus nexis cur- 
 rebant et gingilipho ingenti clamore sonabant. alii autem 
 [aut] restrictis manibus anulos de pavimento conabantur 15 
 tollere aut posito genu cervices post terga flectere et pe- 
 dum extremos pollices tangere. nos, dura alii sibi ludos 
 faciunt, in solium, quod Trimalchioni temperabatur, de- 
 scendimus. 
 
 The crowing of a cock creates terror. Domestic unpleasantness 
 
 between host and hostess. 
 
 Ergo ebrietate discussa in aliud triclinium deducti 20 
 sumus, ubi Fortunata disposuerat lautitias [suas] ita ut 
 supra lucernas aeneolosque piscatores notaverim et 
 
50 PETRONII 
 
 mensas totas argenteas calicesque circa fictiles inauratos 
 et vinum in conspectu sacco defluens. turn Trimalchio 
 
 25 ^ amici ' inquit ' hodie servus meus barbatoriam fecit, 
 homo praefiscini frugi et micarius. itaque tengomenas 
 
 74 faciamus et usque in lucem cenemus.' haec dicente eo 
 gallus gallinaceus cantavit. qua voce confusus Trimal- 
 chio vinum sub mensa iussit effundi lucernamque etiam 
 mero spargi. immo anulum traiecit in dexteram manum 
 5 et 'non sine causa' inquit 'hie bucinus signum dedit; 
 nam aut incendium oportet fiat, aut aliqiiis in vicinia 
 animam abiciet. loDge a nobis, itaque quisquis hunc 
 indicem attulerit, corollarium accipiet.' dicto citius de 
 vicinia gallus allatus est, quem Trimalchio (occidi) ius- 
 
 10 sit, ut aeno coctus fieret. laceratus igitur ab illo doc- 
 tissimo coco, qui paulo ante de porco aves piscesque 
 fecerat, in caccabum est coniectus. dumque Daedalus 
 potionem ferventissimam haurit, Fortunata mola buxea 
 piper trivit. 
 
 15 Sumptis igitur matteis respiciens ad familiam Trimal- 
 chio '' quid, vos ' inquit ' adhuc non cenastis ? abite, ut 
 alii veniant ad officium.' subiit igitur alia classis, et illi 
 quidem exclamavere ' vale Gai ' ; hi autem ' ave Gai.' 
 hinc primum hilaritas nostra turbata est ; nam cum puer 
 
 20 non inspeciosus inter novos intrasset ministros, invasit 
 eum Trimalchio et osculari diutius coepit. itaque For- 
 tunata, ut ex aequo ius firmum approbaret, male dicere 
 Trimalchioni coepit et purgamentum dedecusque praedi- 
 care, qui non contineret libidinem suam. ultimo etiam 
 
 25 adiecit ' canis.' Trimalchio contra offensus convicio 
 calicem in faciem Fortunatae immisit. ilia tanquam 
 
 I 
 
 I 
 
CENA TlilMALCHlONlS. 51 
 
 oculum perdidisset, exclainavit manusqiie trementes ad 
 f aciem suaiu admovit. ^ consternata est etiam Scintilla 
 trepidan tern que sinii suo texit. immo puer quoque offi- 
 ciosus urceolum frigidum ad malam eius admovit, super 30 
 quern incumbens Fortuuata gemere ac flere coepit. con- 
 tra Trimalchio ' quid enim ? ' inquit ' ambubaia non 
 meminit, sed de macliina illam sustuli, hominem inter 
 homines feci, at inflat se tanquam rana, et in sinum 
 suum non spuit, codex, non mulierrf sed hie, qui in per- 35 
 gula natus est, aedes non somniatur. ita genium meum 
 propitiuni habeam, curabo, domata sit Cassandra cali- 
 garia. et ego, homo dipundiarius, sestertium centies 
 accipere potui. scis tu me non mentiri. Agatho, un- 
 guentarius herae proximae, seduxit me et '"suadeo" 40 
 inquit " non patiaris genus tuum interire."-^ at ego dum 
 bonatus ago et nolo videri levis, ipse mihi asciam in 
 crus impegi. recte, curabo, me unguibus quaeras. et ut 
 depraesentiarum intelligas, quid tibi feceris : Habinna, 
 nolo, statuam eius in monumento meo ponas, ne mortuus 45 
 quidem lites habeam. immo, ut sciat me posse malum 
 dare, nolo me mortuum basiet.' JIl^ 
 
 Trimalchio reviews his past career and successful money ventures; 
 he contemplates that in the end he must die; he calls for his 
 funeral robes. 
 
 -T Post hoc fulmen Habinnas rogare coepit, ut iam desi- 75 
 neret irasci et 'nemo^ inquit 'nostrum non pyeccat. homi- 
 nes sumus non c?e?'.'— -idem et Scintilla flens dixit ac per 
 genium eius, Gaium appellando, rogare coepit, ut se 
 frangeret. — non tenuit ultra lacrimas Trimalchio et 5 
 
52 PETRONII 
 
 * rogo ' inquit ' Habinna, sic peculium tuum fruniscaris : 
 si quid perperam feci, in faciem meam inspue.- puerum 
 basiavi frugalissimum, non propter formam, sed quia 
 frugi est : decern partes dicit, librum ab oculo legit, 
 
 10 thraecium sibi de diariis fecit, archisellium de suo para- 
 vit et duas truUas. non est dignus quern in oculis 
 feram ? sed Fortunata vetat. / ita tibi videtur, fulci- 
 pedia? suadeo, bonum tuum concoquas, milva, et me 
 non facias ringentem, araasiuncula; alioquin experieris 
 
 15 cerebrum meum. nosti me : quod semel destinavi, clavo 
 tabulari fixum est. sed vivorum meminerimus. vos 
 rogo, amici, ut vobis suaviter sit. nam ego quoque tarn 
 f ui quam vos estis, sed virtute mea ad hoc perveni. " cor- 
 cillum est quod homines facit, cetera quisquilia omnia. 
 
 20 " bene emo, bene vendo " ; alius alia vobis dicet. felici- 
 tate dissilio. tu autem, sterteia, etiamnum ploras ? iam 
 curabo fatum tuum plores. sed, ut coeperam dicere, ad 
 hanc me fortunam frugalitas mea perduxit. tam magnus 
 ex Asia veni, quam hie candelabrus est. ad summam, 
 
 25 quotidie me solebam ad ilium metiri, et ut celerius 
 rostrum barbatum haberem, labra de lucerna ungebam.^ 
 tamen ad delicias [femina] ipsimi [domini] annos quat- 
 tuordecim fui. nee turpe est, qnod dominus iubet. ego 
 tamen et ipsimae [dominae] satis faciebam. scitis, quid 
 
 76 dicam : taceo, quia non sum de gloriosis-'Qceterum, quem- 
 admodum di volunt, dominus in domo factus sum, et ecce 
 cepi ipsimi cerebellum, quid multa ? coheredem me 
 Caesari fecit, et accepi patrimonium laticlavium. nemini 
 5 tamen nihil satis est. concupivi negotiari. ne multis 
 vos morer, quinque naves aedificavi, oneravi vinum — et 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIONIS. 53 
 
 tunc erat contra aurum — niisi Romam. piitares me hoc 
 iussisse: omnes naves naiif ragarunt ; factum, n on fabula. 
 uno die Xeptunus trecenties sestertium devoravit. puta- 
 tis me defecisse ? non mehercules mi haec iactura gusti 10 
 fuitr, tanquam nihil facti. alteras feci raaiores et melio- 
 res et feliciores, ut nemo non me virum fortem diceret. 
 scitis, magna navis magnam fortitudinem habet. oneravi 
 rursus vinum, lardum, fabam, seplasium, mancipia. hoc 
 loco Fortunata rem piam fecit ; omne enim aurum suum, 15 
 omnia vestimenta vendidit et mi centum aureos in manu 
 posuit. hoc fuit peculii mei fermentum. cito fit, quod 
 di volunt. uno cursu centies sestertium corrotundavi. ^J- 
 statim redemi fundos omnes, qui patroni mei fuerant. 
 aedifico domum, venalicia coemo iumenta ; quicquid tan- 20 
 gebam, crescebat tanquam favus. postquam coepi plus 
 habere, quam tota patria mea habet, manum de tabula : 
 sustuli me de negotiatione et coepi libertos faenerare. 
 et sane nolentem me negotium meum agere exhortavit 
 mathematicus, qui venerat forte in coloniam nostram, 25 
 Graeculio, Serapa nomine, consiliator deorum. hie mihi 
 dixit etiam ea, quae oblitus eram ; ab acia et acu mi 
 omnia exposuit; intestinas meas noverat, tantum quod 
 mihi non dixerat, quid pridie cenaveram. putasses ilium 
 semper mecum habitasse. rogo, Habinna — puto, inter- 77 
 fuisti — : "tu dominam tuam de rebus illis fecisti. tu 
 parum felix in amicos es. nemo unquam tibi parem gra- 
 tiam refert. tu latifundia possides. tu viperam sub 
 ila nutricas " et, quod vobis non dixerim, et nunc mi 5 
 restare vitae annos triginta et menses quattuor et dies 
 duos, praeterea cito accipiam hereditatem. hoc mihi 
 
54 PETRONII 
 
 dicit fatus meus. quod si contigerit fundos Apuliae 
 iungere, satis vivus pervenero. "/linterim dum Mercurius 
 
 10 vigilat, aedificavi hanc domum. ut scitis, casiila erat; 
 nunc templum est. habet quattuor cenationes, cubicula 
 viginti, porticus marmoratos duos, susum cenationem, 
 cubiculum in quo ipse dormio, viperae huius sessorium, 
 ostiarii cellam perbonam ; hospitium hospites capit. ad 
 
 15 summaui, Scaurus cum hue venit, nusquam mavoluit hos- 
 pitari, et habet ad mare paternum hospitium. et multa 
 alia sunt, quae statim vobis ostendam. credite mihi : 
 assem habeas, assem valeas ; habes, habeberis. sic ami- 
 cus vester, qui fuit rana, nunc est rex. -^'interim, Stiche, 
 
 20 prefer vitalia, in quibus volo me efferri. profer et 
 unguentum et ex ilia amphora gustum, ex qua iubeo 
 lavari ossa mea.' 
 
 The mock funeral ends in an invasion hy the fire department. 
 Encolpius and his friends fee; thus the description of the 
 Banquet comes to an end. 
 
 78 Non est moratus Stichus, sed et stragulam albam et 
 praetextam in triclinium attulit 
 
 iussitque nos temptare, an bonis lanis essent confecta. 
 tum subridens ' vide tu ' inquit '■ Stiche, ne ista mures 
 tangant aut tineae ; alioquin te vivum comburam. ego 
 gloriosus volo efferri, ut totus mihi populus bene impre- 
 cetur.' statim ampullam nardi aperuit omnesque nos 
 unxit et ' spero ' inquit ^ futurum ut aeque me niortuum 
 iuvet tanquam vivum.' nam vinum quidem in vinarium 
 
 10 iussit infundi et 'putate vos' ait 'ad parentalia mea invi- 
 tatos esse.' 
 
CENA TRIMALCHIOXIS. 00 
 
 Ibat res ad simimam nauseam, emu Trimalchio ebrie- 
 tate turpissima gravis novum acroama, cornicines, in 
 triclinium iussit adduci, fultusque cervicalibus mult is 
 extendit se super toruiu extremum et ' tingite me ' inquit 15 
 ' mortuum esse, dicite aliquid belli,' consonuere corni- 
 cines funebri strepitu. unus praecipue servus libitinarii 
 illius, qui inter hos honestissimus erat, tam valde into- 
 nuit, ut totam concitaret viciniam. itaque vigiles, qui 
 custodiebant vicinam regionem, rati ardere Trimalchionis 20 
 domum, effregerunt ianuam subito et cum aqua securi- 
 busque tumultuari suo iure coepenmt. nos occasionem 
 opportunissimam nacti Agamemnoni verba dedimus rap- 
 timque tam plane quam ex incendio fugimus. 
 
ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 Most of the abbreviations used in the Notes will be 
 understood by referring to pages xliv-xlvi of the Intro- 
 duction. The following may need explanation : — 
 
 C.G.L. = Corpus Glossariorum Latinorum. 
 
 C.I.L = Corpus Inscriptionum Latinarum. 
 
 Archiv = Archiv fiir Lateinische Lexicographie. 
 
 Friedl. Sitteng. is explained under B in the Introduction, p. xliv. 
 
 Baumeister = Baumeister's Denkmaler der Klassischen Altertums- 
 wissenschaft. 
 
NOTES. 
 
 26. Venerat iam tertius dies : the Trau manuscript alone 
 contains the opening lines of the Cena ; it plunges at once 
 in medias res. Possibly we have here the opening of the 
 fifteenth book of the original ; hence the abruptness. Cf. 
 Introd. p. xviii. If we had the concluding portion of the pre- 
 ceding book, the allusions in tertius dies, tot vulnerihus, prae- 
 sentem procellam, might be clear. — liberae cenae : commonly 
 the dinner served to gladiators on the day before their con- 
 tests in the arena (Friedl. Sitteng. ii. p. 385) ; here simply Tri- 
 malchio's 'free spread,' to which the rhetorician Agamemnon has 
 been asked, with his pupils, Ascyltus and Encolpius. They sit 
 near one another; cf. 49, 16, inclinatus ad aurem Agamemnonis ; 
 65, 10, visit hanc trepidationem ; 72, 11, ego respiciens ad Ascylton. 
 
 — id est expectatio liberae cenae: these words are out of 
 place. Possibly the fifteenth book was headed, ' Expectatio Libe- 
 rae Cenae,' and the title has been incorporated into the text 
 by the epitomator by means of id est. — quonam genere = 
 quo modo : so in the younger Seneca, whose Latinity at times 
 strikingly resembles that of Petronius ; cf. De Benefciis, ii. 10, 
 2, sed, .si quo genere accipienti maxime profuturum erit, dabis, con- 
 tentus eris te teste ; so in the plural, Epist. Mor. 95, 29, armare se 
 coepit multis generibus. — unus servus : 'a slave'; but in 78, 
 17, unus praecipue servus, 'one slave in particular.* As early as 
 Plautus, unus was used in the sense of an emphatic ' any,' ein 
 beliebiger, ct? ti? ; cf. Wagner, Plant. Aulul. 563, note; Ter. 
 Andria, lis ; so Cic. Ad Att. ix. 10, 2, me haec res torquet quod 
 Pompeium tamquam unus manipulus secutus sim ; cf. De Orat. i. 
 
 57 
 
58 NOTES. CHAP. 26, LINES 5-11. 
 
 29, 132, with Wilkiiis's note ; also Catullus, 22, 10, unus capri- 
 mulgus, ' an absolute bumpkin.' In these passages unus = qui- 
 vis, quilibet unus, an emphatic * any.' — vos nescitis : the 
 pronoun seems redundant ; ego and tu are often so used in 
 Petr. ; Introd. p. xxxvi; cf. Landgraf, Cic. Pj'o Sex. Rose. p. 131. 
 
 — apud quem fiat: 'where the cooking's to be.' — Trimalchio 
 lautissimus homo : Malchio is translated, in the Glossarium 
 Philoxeni (Co7'p. Gloss. Lat. 11. 126, 27), by arjSrjs, 'unpleasant'; 
 thus Trimalchio = rpU dryST/s. The gloss is supported by Mar- 
 tial, iii. 82, 32, has malchionis patimur improhi fastus. Malchio 
 also occurs as a cognomen in inscriptions from Cumae, Rome, 
 Verona ; Nettleship, Contributions to Lat. Lex. p. 552. On the 
 force of the prefix tri-, cf. trifur, trifurcifer, triparcus, trivenejica ; 
 so in Greek, TpcKv/xLa, ' a huge wave,' Tptop^r]^, TpiTrdXai, rpt- 
 TraAro?. — buoinatorem subornatum : possibly he blew his 
 trumpet every hour. We read of such bucinatores in Juv. 10, 216, 
 quot nuntiet horas ; Mart. viii. 67, 1, horas quinque puer nondum 
 tibi nuntiat. — quantum de vita : ' how the time has flown ' ; 
 Trim, was not lugubrious, but strenuous and methodical. — 
 
 usque hoc: for hue usque, a strong aclhuc; hoc is the old and 
 popular form of hue. In his letters, Cic. adheres to the form 
 hue, while hoe occurs in those of his friends. — in balnea sequi : 
 possibly some of the original description by Petr. has been 
 omitted after these words. Encolpius and his friends had 
 dressed, not for the banquet, but in order to go out. Having 
 the usual preliminary bath in mind, they request Giton to 
 attend as pedisequus ; but arriving at the baths, they are lost 
 in the crowds or find themselves ahead of time (which facts 
 are omitted in this abbreviated account), and they proceed to 
 kill time (interim) by strolling about, joking, and watching the 
 games which are going on. Whether the account has been 
 abbreviated after errare coepimus depends upon how much was 
 probably omitted after balnea sequi. The sport described in 
 this chapter takes place in the large room called the sphaeri- 
 sterium. Cf. Marquardt, Privatleben der Romer, p. 281. 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 27, LINES 1-15. 59 
 
 27. errare coepimus : cf. Introd. p. xl. — pueros capilatos : 
 
 members of the (jrcx capillatus ; cf. Mart. ii. 57, 5. They were 
 youths whose services were light and required grace ; cf. 70, 21. 
 They were selected for their beauty, their long hair being an 
 important element. A conlihertus of Trimalchio says of him- 
 self, 57, .33, puer capillatus in hanc coloniam veni. Another in 
 anger calls the boy attendant of Encolpius, 58. 4, caepa cirrata, 
 * you frizzled onion,' and threatens iam curaho longe tibi sit 
 comula ista besalis, 'I'll see to it that those little curls do you 
 small good.' — notavimus : Introd. p. xl. So Mart. ii. 71, 1, 
 Candidius nihil est te, Caeciliane ; notavi , cf. the phrase nota 
 bene. — matellam argenteam : an example of Trim.'s lau- 
 titia, with which cf. his private horologium and bucinator, 
 just mentioned. Social conditions in Nero's time had many 
 modern features, particularly in the rise of the parvenu and 
 the ostentation of the nouveau riche. Ordinarily the matella 
 was made of bronze or clay ; Mart, alludes to a very elaborate 
 one in Epigram, xi. 11. 6, Te potare decet gemma, qui Mentora 
 frangis \ in scapkium moechae, Sardanapalle, tuae. — alter nu- 
 merabat pilas : Trim, plays the game like any rich man, con- 
 tenting himself with simply sending the balls for others to 
 catch on the bound ; commonly the successful catches were 
 counted, but here the failures were scored and the dead 
 balls were left to lie where they fell. Cf. Marq. Privatl. 
 p. 841 ff. — Menelaus : mentioned only here in the Cena: he 
 is an instructor who assists Agamemnon. — cubitum pone- 
 tis : 'dine'; cf. reclinatus in cubitum, 39, 4; reposui cubitum, 
 65, 14. Many ancient monuments show the Roman resting 
 his left arm upon a pulvinus while reclining at dinner. Cf 
 Marq. Privatl. p. 303. — principium cenae : Friedlander sug- 
 gests that Trim, probably partook of a light lunch here, 
 and that this explains why he appeared at table after the 
 eating had begun. That lunches were sold at the baths is 
 shown by Mart. xii. 19, In thermis sumit lactucas ova lacertum 
 Aemilius ; Sen. Ep. .56, 2, complains of the cries of the cake 
 and sausage venders. Exercise was, however, practically a 
 
60 NOTES. CHAP. 28, LINES 1-20. 
 
 part of the dinner; cf. Hor. Sat. i. 6, where Maecenas and 
 his friends play ball before dining. 
 
 28. Longum erat singula excipere : ' it would be a long 
 task ' (but I do not) ; cf. Gildersleeve-Lodge, 254, 2. Singula 
 refers to their presentation to Trim., and the exchange of greet- 
 ings ; scarcely to such excitement in and about the baths as Sen. ; 
 describes, Ep. 56. 2. — calfacti momento . . . frigidam exi- J ^ 
 mus : on calfacti, cf. In trod. p. xxxiii, B, 1. The suddenness of the 
 change from hot to cold is mentioned on account of its unusual- 
 ness ; there seems to have been no tepidarium. Cf. the account 
 of the Stabian Baths, Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, p. 184. — iatra- ! 
 liptae : not unlike the masseurs of modern sanatoriums. The 
 word occurs in some superscriptions to Horace, Odes, ii. 4 ; but 
 this is its first appearance in the literature. Cf. Friedl. Sitteng. 
 ii. p. 487. — hoc suum propinasse : Trim, protests that this 
 is his precious Falernian that they had spilled ; they were not 
 to make so free with what belonged to him. With all his 
 wealth, Trim, can be close; cf 34, init. — cursoribus phale- 
 ratis : note the evidences here of the host's lautitia : in using 
 liveried runners he imitates Nero, of whom Suet, says {Nero, 
 c. 30) that he travelled armillata falerataque Mazacum turha atque 
 cursorum. — chiramaxio : on Greek words in Petr., cf. Introd. 
 p. xxxiv, and Index, Greek Words. — symphoniacus cum . . . 
 tibiis : there is much music during the dinner ; cf. 31, 11 ; so 32, 
 1 ; 33, 12; cf. Index, under Symphonia. — libellus erat cum in- 
 scriptione : Trim.'s establishment was so large that system was 
 necessary. The Roman house was a machine in which all the 
 powers of body and mind possessed by the slaves and freedmen 
 were for the use of the master ; Friedl. Sitteng. iii. 137, Sklaven- 
 luxus. — pica varia salutabat : magpies, jays, and parrots were 
 pet birds ; the Romans were fond of their chattering ; cf Mart, 
 xiv. 76, Pica loquax certa dominum te voce saluto ; vii. 87, 6, Pica 
 salutatrix si tibi, Lause, placet. Crows and parrots were taught 
 to say, " have,'* or " have, Caesar " ; Mart. iii. 95, 1 ; xiv. 73. On 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 29, LINES 1-7. Gl 
 
 talking parrots and magpies, cf. Jahn, Persius, Prol. 8. In iii. 60, 
 Mart, complains that, when he dines out, he gets no fat bird 
 when the game is served ; ponitur in cavea mortua pica mihi. 
 The pica is varia on account of its long spotted tail ; Plin. N.H. 
 X. 29, 41. 
 
 29. Ceterum = sed. It is so used by Petr. when he departs 
 from the general thread to less important but humorous par- 
 ticulars, especially where there is a change of persons, as 52, 18 ; 
 57, 1. Conversely, it may be used where, after a digression, he re- 
 turns to the original thread of the story. — dum omnia stupeo : 
 Petr. uses dum throughout with either the pres. or impf. ind., 
 and with a temporal or causal sense. Stupeo is trans., as" in Yal. 
 Flacc. i. 149 ; so often in verse ; so again in Petr. 137, haec me 
 stupente ; in 58, 30, it is intr. — cave canem : see Mau-Kelsey, 
 p. 309, on the famous canis catenarius in mosaics found in the 
 floor of the House of the Tragic Poet at Pompeii ; here the dog 
 is painted on the wall ad sinistram intrantibus. The letters in 
 which the warning was painted are quadratae, or ' hewn letters,' 
 i.e., letters used in inscriptions on saxa quadrata ; these of course 
 would be capitals. In 72, 15, the Ostiarius has a real dog, canis 
 catenarius {ingentis formae catena vinct us, 64, 22). — totum pa- 
 rietem persequi : Encolpius is now in the large porticus (cf. 
 1. 11, in deficiente vero iam porticu). In houses of men of ordi- 
 nary wealth the vestibule, or fauces, opened into the atrium ; 
 see, e.g., Mau-Kelsey, pp. 308, 316. Trim, has by no means a 
 small establishment. This porticus is not only large enough to 
 give full scope for his amour-propre in its extensive mural paint- 
 ings, but makes a training ground for a grex cursorum ; 29, 15. — 
 
 venalicium cum titulis : the first of a series of pictures illus- 
 trating the Rise of Trimalcliio ; here he stands for sale in a 
 sla\'e market, a little long-haired fellow, of whom the full-grown 
 man says, 76, 23, tarn magnus ex Asia veni quam hie candelahrus 
 est. He carries the emblem of the patron god of the business 
 
62 NOTES. CHAP. 29, LINES 9-17. 
 
 Ji!' 
 
 man, since, thanks to Minerva who had given him wit, he had 
 ' coined money ' and won his freedom. The Tituli are the 
 names appended to the different figures in the pictures, as on 
 Greek vases ; cf. Roscher, Mythol. Lex. i. p. 1174, or the illus- 
 trations in Miss Harrison's Myths of the Odyssey. — denique 
 dispensator : the epitomator gives the first few and the last of 
 the pictures on the side panels, i.e., on the wall parallel with the 
 street. These represented Trim, the slave, the office of dispen- 
 sator being the highest to which he could rise. To the far right 
 or left of the company as they entered, i.e., on the wall at right 
 angles with the street, are scenes from the life of Trim, the 
 freedman. — in tribunal excelsum : this was his proudest 
 moment ; his wealth had given him a civil office. The scene 
 is to be engraved on his tomb ; cf. 71, 29. It is a shrewd 
 symbolism, which ascribes the elevation of his chin to Mer- 
 cury's hand placed beneath it ; in 43, 12, one of the guests says of 
 another freedman, et quod illius mentum sustulit, hereditatem acce- 
 pit. The action in the picture is expressed by both the verb 
 and its tense. — Fortuna : often seen with horn of plenty on 
 coins; cf. Roscher, i. 1504 ff. ; Friedl. Sitteng. iii. 224. — aurea 
 pensa torquentes : Seneca, Apocolocyntosis, 4, 3-7, describes 
 the Fates similarly deciding the career of Nero : 
 
 at Lachesis ... i 
 
 Candida de niveo subtemina vellere sumit \ 
 
 i 
 
 felici moderanda manu, quae ducta colorem j 
 
 assumpsere novum, mirantur pensa sorores : j| 
 
 mutatur vilis pretioso lajia metallo, I 
 
 aurea formoso descendunt saecula filo. 
 
 nee modus est illis, felicia vellera ducunt _ i 
 
 et gaudent implere manus, sunt dulcia pensa. 
 
 — erant Lares argentei : cf. Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, pp. 262- 
 266. In 60, 28, the names of three are given ; with thern 
 was a vera imago ipsius Trimalchionis ; it was his genius. The 
 Veneris signum stood among them, either for its beauty, or 
 because the goddess had first opened the road to wealth for 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 29, LINE 18; CHAP. 30, LINE 8. 63 
 
 Trim. ; cf. 75, 28. — barbam ipsius conditam esse : the first 
 shaving of the beard, depositio barbae, had for the Romans even 
 more interest than for moderns the first clipping of a baby's 
 curls. Trim, proposes, in 73, 25, tangomenas facere, in honor 
 of the barbatoria of one of his slaves. Cf. Juv. Sat. 3, 186. 
 Trim, may have dedicated his beard to Venus. According to 
 Dio Cass., Xero dedicated his beard to Jupiter, and celebrated 
 the event with a festival. Cf. Suet. Nero, 12. — interrogare 
 ergo atriensem : they have passed from the portieus to the 
 atrium ; the description has been condensed by the epitomator. 
 as indicated by ergo : so in 31, 8. — Iliada : Homeric scenes 
 were favorite subjects for mural painting; cf. ^liss Harrison, 
 Myths of the Odyssey ; Mau-Kelsey, pp. 468-474. 
 
 30. procurator : wealthy Romans had a slave of this high 
 office to serve as general factotum or entrepreneur when their 
 possessions or business got beyond their personal control. This 
 officer might have whole greges of slaves subject to his author- 
 ity; he was the superior of the d'lspensator, see 1. 8. — fasces 
 erant cum securibus : as sevir Augustalis, Trim, was entitled 
 to the fasces, but not to the secures, which were an unwarranted 
 decoration added by the artist. The bottom of the fasces termi- 
 nates in a point which rests upon the beak of a ship. Inscrip- 
 tion Xo. 5035 in C.I.L. has fasces on either side infra acuminati 
 as here. Biicheler holds that the embolum formed part of the 
 cornice of the door and that the two bundles of fasces drooped 
 from it ; for imam partem he reads unam partem, i.e., the upper 
 part. — Seviro Augustali : the seviri Augustales constituted a 
 prominent society in the towns of Italy. They were wealthy 
 men, not noble nor freeborn, but usually engaged in one of the 
 less reputable professions or trades. In return for the honors 
 given them at public functions, they made large gifts of money 
 to their fellow-townsmen. They represented and maintained 
 the observance of the worship of the emperor. They had a 
 middle position between the nobility and the small people, and 
 
64 NOTES. CHAP. 30, LINE 9; CHAP. 31, LINE 1. 
 
 were highly pleased when one of the former gave a friendly 
 acknowledgment to their salutations, or spoke to them by 
 name as one of us. Marq. Stadtsverfass. i. 197 if. — lucerna 
 bilychnis : cf. Mau-Kelsey, p. 365. — III et pridie kalendas : 
 these two functions had already taken place, since the question 
 is asked, 58, 5, rogo mensis deceinber est ? The Cena must have 
 been given in early January, while the days were cold and 
 short; cf. 41, 24, du7n versus te, noxjit . . . et mundum frigus habui- 
 mus. — C. noster foras cenat : freedmen loved to be addressed 
 by their first names ; cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 32, gaudent praenomine 
 molles auriculae. In 50, 1, we have Gaio feliciter ; 67, 1, Gai, 
 rogo, Fortunata quare non recumbit ; cf. 70, 18; 75, 4. foras 
 for foris; cf Introd. p. xxxviii; lit. 'dines forth to-day.'' — Hia 
 voluptatibus : these have been omitted by the epitomator. — 
 dextro pede : frequently in the sense of feliciter ; cf Juv. 10, 5, 
 
 quid tarn dextro pede concipis, ut te 
 conatus non paeniteat votique peracti f 
 
 and Friedlander's note on the line. Here it is used literally ; 
 Trim, has his superstitions; note his belief in astrology just 
 hinted at. Cf his alarm at the crowing of the cock, 74, 1. — 
 ceterum ut pariter : cf. ceterum ego, 29, 1 ; the added thought 
 is humorous, parenthetic, and of minor importance. — despoli- 
 atus : 'stripped'; cf. 49, 11. — subducta ... in balneo : steal- 
 ing clothes at the baths was common in Athens as well as in 
 Rome; cf Plant. Rudens, 384; Catullus, 33, 1, o furum optime 
 balneariorum, and Ellis's note. The punishment for such thefts 
 was severe. Title 47, 17 of the Digesta treats particularly de i 
 
 furibus balneariis ; cf Marq. Privatl. p. 281. ; j 
 
 I 
 
 31. quid ergo est? 'Well! what of it?' Petr. has this | 
 
 phrase five times ; it is common in the philosophic writings of 
 the younger Seneca. — tam grandi = tanto ; so 86, tarn grande 
 munus ; 92, pondus tam grande; 108, tam grande f acinus. Al- 
 though grandis (not magnus') has left its descendants in the 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 31, LINES 3-8. 65 
 
 romance languages, tarn magnus is the commoner plebeian sub- 
 stitute for tantus as late as the time of Petr. — stupentibua : 
 *to our consternation.' — ad summam : cf. Introd. p. xl, E, 5; 
 this phrase is frecj^uent in Seneca ; cf. De Gtio, 5, 13, ad summam 
 quaero an ex praeceptis suis vixerint Cleanthes . . . Zenon; so Cic. 
 De Off. i. 149, ad summam ne agam de singulis; cf. Hor. Epis. i. 
 1, 106 ; so Juv. 3, 79, in summa non Maurus erat neque Sarmata 
 nee Thrax; cf. Hand, Tursellinus, p. 130. — vinum domini- 
 cum : Juv. describes in Sat. 5, 24 ff. how different wines are set 
 before their guests by rich patrons ; cf Friedl. Sitteng. i. 386 ff. 
 Martial, iv. 85, quoted by Burmann, tells how the rich patron 
 sometimes used cups of alabaster so that the difference of 
 quality in the wines might not be detected : 
 
 Nos hibimus vitro, tu murra, Pontice. Quare ? 
 Prodat perspicuus ne duo vina calix. 
 
 When it was said to Pliny {Epp. ii. 6) that he must find his 
 custom expensive of having but one quality "on his table, he 
 replied that it was not, for his wine was all cheap. Friedl, has 
 noted the senarius : vinum dominicum ministratoris gratia est. 
 
 — Tandem ergo discubuimus : the first two words are those 
 of the epitomator. who thus resumes after omitting a part of the 
 original ; so in 52. 13 ; he uses tandem alone in 53, 23 ; ergo alone 
 61, 1 ; 64, 37 ; 29, 20 ; igitur, 74, 15. Discubuimus is used of one 
 person in 57, 4; 67, 5; 70, 29, for accumbere or recumbere; so Juv. 
 5, 12 and 6. 434. That the company is a large one is seen from 
 the number who take part in the conversation : Trimalchio, 
 Agamemnon, Ascyltus, Encolpius, Diogenes, Hermeros, Xiceros, 
 Phileros, Plocamus, I. Proculus, Echiou, Ganymedes, Seleucus, 
 Dama ; the couches must have been large enough also to accom- 
 modate five or more apiece, since Habinnas and his wife come 
 in later and recline with them. The triclinium was, therefore, 
 an unusually large one. There are also numerous slaves pass- 
 ing continually, and several scenes take place which require 
 room. Such crowding was once considered undignified (Cic. In 
 
I 
 
 6Q NOTES. CHAP. 31, LINES 8-20. 
 
 Pis. 27, 67) ; for four on one couch, cf. Hor. Sat. i. 3. Cf. 
 Mau-Kelsey, pp. 256-260, on the Pompeian dining-rooms ; Tri- 
 malchio's must have been larger than even the largest , 
 
 (25 X 33 ft.) mentioned on p. 259. — pueris Alexaudrinis : in i 
 
 34, 9, are duo Aethiopes ; in 35, 14, an Aegyptius puer ; in 68, \ 
 
 8, a, puer Alexandi-inus. The most honored slaves were not only I 
 
 those associated with the master in his business, or literary and 
 leisure hours, but also, toward the end of the Republic, his 
 musicians and pantomimes, and particularly pueri Alexandrini 
 who were much sought on account of their loquacity ; cf. Sta- 
 tins, Silv. V. 5, 66. 
 
 Non ego mercatus Pharia de puppe loquaces 
 delicias, doctumve sui convicia Nili 
 infantem, lingua nimium salibusque protervum 
 dilexi. 
 
 Marq. Privatl. p. 151. — aquam nivatam : ex nimbus facta = 
 nivea aqua, Mart. xii. 17, 6. Cf. Corp. Gloss. Lat. VI., p. 7-40. -^ 
 pantomimi chorum : ' one would think he was in the green- 
 room of a theatre instead of in the dining-room of,' etc. Origi- 
 nally pantomime was the rhythmic performance of a notable 
 scene from some play ; but as it rose to the dignity of artistic 
 dancing, song naturally accompanied it. Pylades, 22 B.C., added 
 an orchestra, consisting of the syrinx, cymbals, zither, lyre, 
 and, for marking time, the scabellum ; Friedl. Sitteng. ii. 453. 
 
 — locus . . . primus servabatur : the conventional place for 
 the host is the summus in imo ; here Trim, takes the summus 
 in summo ; cf Marq. Privatl. p. 304; Mau-Kelsey, p. 257. — in 
 promulsidari : upon this the gustatio (sometimes called gustus, 
 or promulsis when served with wine and honey) was brought in, 
 forming a course preliminary to the dinner proper. Soft eggs " 
 usually formed part of it ; hence Horace's ah ovo usque ad mala, 
 ' from oysters to coffee.' Here the guests have olives, strained 
 honey with poppy seeds, sausages, damascenes, and sliced pome- 
 granate, from which to choose. — asellus Corinthius : Trim. 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 31, LINE 20; CHAP. 32, LINE 6. 67 
 
 explains in c. 50 the origin of this variety of bronze. — bis- 
 sacio : here only in Lat. lit. ; in glosses and in Pseudoacron's 
 schol. on Hor. Sat. i. 6, 106, it appears in the fem. ; pera quam 
 dicunt hissaciam quia pauperes quum insidunt iumentis post se sarci- 
 nas habent. It survived as a fein. in the Romance languages, and 
 was probably a plebeian word. — inscriptum erat et argenti 
 pondus : in 33, 17, engraved silver spoons (cochlearia) are 
 mentioned ; in 59, 20, a platter Qanx) is described as ducenaria 
 (adopting Friedlander's reading) ; in 67, 22, scales are actually 
 brought in to test the correctness of the inscription. Cf. Friedl. 
 Sitteng. iii. p. 124. — Syriaca pruna : this fruit was being suc- 
 cessfully cultivated in Italy ; cf. Plin. Nat. Hist. xv. 43, Dama- 
 scena a Syriae Damasco cognominata, iam pridem in Italia nascentia. 
 — granis Punici mali : ' pomegranate ' ; so Mart. vii. 29, 10, Pimi- 
 corum . . . grana malorum; i. 43, 6, Punica grana. 
 
 32. ad symphoniam allatus est : to the tune of ' Hail to 
 the chief!' cf. 28, 11. — adrasum excluserat caput: what 
 amused the guests was the sight of the old man's bald head lost 
 amid so many dainty sofa cushions. He seems to have copied 
 some of the habits of his old master, Maecenas ; cf. Sen. Epis. 
 114, 4 and 6, quo modo amhulaverit [j^Iaecenas'\ quam delicatus 
 fuerit . . . sic apparuit ut pallio velaretur caput exclusis utrimque 
 auriculis. — circaque oneratas : ' and around his well-padded 
 neck he had put a broad-striped napkin with fringes hanging 
 to either side.' Veste : the generous folds of his pallium. — 
 mappam : napkins are first mentioned by Horace, Sat. ii. 8, 
 63, though their use, at least in polite company, was much 
 older. The host provided them ; but guests frequently brought 
 their own in order to take away the apophoreta. That napkins 
 were sometimes stolen by guests is evident from Mart. Epig. 
 xii. 29. — sinistrae manus anulum . . . subauratum : when 
 the cock crows, 74, 4, he shifts the ring to his right hand ; 
 sculptured monuments show that men as a rule wore the ring 
 on the fourth finger, probably of the left hand ; Marq. Privatl. 
 
68 NOTES. CHAP. 32, LINE 11; CHAP. 33, LINE 9. 
 
 p. 701 ; Plin. Nat. Hist, xxxiii. 24. Trim, could wear a pure gold 
 
 equestrian ring only when actually serving as sevir; on his tomb 
 
 he desires to be represented wearing five gold rings while holding (■ 1 
 
 the office of seviratus, 71, 30. The Emperor Claudius punished 
 
 a number of freedmen who wore these rings unlawfully ; Friedl. 
 
 Sitteng. i. 294. — armilla aurea : another is described in 67, 
 
 20 ; the custom of wearing armlets and bracelets came to Rome 
 
 from the Orient. Cf. 2 Samuel, i. 10. 
 
 33. pinna . . . dentes perfodit : the action suits the words 
 which follow; Trim, had probably already had something to 
 eat ; see note on principium cenae, 27, 15. Martial, xiv. 22, 
 speaks of various toothpicks : 
 
 Lentiscum melius: sed si tihifrondea cuspis 
 Defuerit, dentes pinna levare potest. 
 
 — absentivos morae : cf. Introd. pp. xxxiii and xxxiv, 2. Adjec- 
 tives in -ivus belong to the Sermo Pleh. and are found in Plautus 
 (e.g., abditivus, ascriptivus, collativus, subditivus), Terence and Cato ; 
 cf. also C.I.L. II. 3444. Similar forms which occur in the later 
 Latin, as, e.g., primitivus, are given in Ronsch, Itala und Vulgata. 
 — aureos . . . denarios : denarii were of silver ; gold coins 
 (nummi^ are meant which in size resembled denarii. Cf. 44, 29, 
 and Plin. Nat. Hist, xxxiv. 7, 37, where denarius aureus refers to 
 gold pieces of foreign coinage. This game in which coins were 
 used instead of the usual ebony and glass pawns is, according 
 to Friedl., the Indus duodecim scriptorum described in Marq. 
 Privatl. p. 857 ; we know only that there were twenty-four 
 checks, twelve on each side, and that the pawns were moved 
 according to the throws of the dice. Cf Harpers' Diet. Antiq. 
 p. 562. — omnium textorum : so Juv. (3, 294) uses sutor of 
 common folk in general. The ref . is to " Billingsgate." — dicta = 
 ' witticisms.' — repositorium allatum est : a second course in 
 the gustatio is unusual ; it is evidence of the lautitia of the host ; 
 cf also 32, 1. Without this second course, however, the dinner 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 33, LINE 16; CHAP. 34, LINE 3. 69 
 
 would not have had its usual progress, ah ovo usque nd mala. — 
 mehercules : cf. Introd. p. xxxix, D, and Index. In early com- 
 edy the form hercle is the commoner; but the longer forms grow 
 in frequency until in Seneca, Petronius, and Apuleius (Meta- 
 morphoses.'), mehercules prevails almost exclusively. — cochlearia 
 . . . selibras pendentia : the cochlear is strictly a small spoon, 
 having a round bowl and a long-pointed handle. It was used 
 in eating eggs and snails (cochleae'), whence the name. The 
 modern teaspoon is more like the ligula; cf. Marq. Privatl. 
 p. 314, and Martial, xiv. 121, under the lemma. Cochlear, 
 
 Sum cochleis hahilis sed nee minus utilis ovis ; 
 Numquid scis, potius cur cochleare vocer? 
 
 That the cochlear was usually very small and not so heavy as 
 the ligula is apparent from Martial viii. 71, 9-10 : 
 
 Octavus lignlam misit sextante minorem , 
 Nanus acu levius vix cochleare tulit. 
 
 * Fiir Martial sowie fiir die allgemeine anschau ist das cochleare 
 das winkigste hohlmaas das uberhaupt vorkommt,' Hultsch. 
 Trim.'s cochlearia, how^ever, weighing each a half pound, are 
 immensely large; probably their weight was engraved upon 
 them, as upon the edges of the lances ; 31, 23. — ficedulam 
 . . . circumdatam : the sight of this little fig-pecker (or reed- 
 bird) buried in the yolk ex farina pingui explains why Encolpius 
 imagined his egg in pullum coisse. 
 
 34. lusu intermisso : the game described in the preceding 
 chapter. — iterum mulsum sumere : that this was but a formal 
 request, which the guests were to decline, is evinced by the 
 suddenness with which the gustatoria are removed. Columella, 
 12,41, gives the receipt for making wim/smw. An amphora found 
 in Pompeii has inscribed upon it the word mulsum ; cf ]\Iau- 
 Kelsey, p. 496. — symphonia : cf. 28. 11 ; 32, 1 ; on choro can- 
 tante, cf. 31, 15. The description suggests how thoroughly 
 
70 NOTES. CHAP. 34, LINES 8-19. 
 
 Trim, believed that ' order is Heaven's first law ' ; the symphonia 
 and the chorus suggest the bell-tapping and the marching exer- 
 cises of a schoolroom. That Trim, is a vigorous disciplinarian 
 is shown in the following sentence; cf. also 52, 10; 53, 13; 
 and 74, 16 f . — supellecticarius : on the great variety of slaves 
 (controlled by the atriensis) who saw to the different parts of the 
 house and each particular belonging, cf. Marq. Privatl. pp. 142, 
 143. — coepit everrere : ' began (i.e., proceeded) to clean up.' 
 Cf. Introd. p. xl, E, 2. — Aethiopes capillati : their long hair 
 marked them as not full-blooded Africans. Pueri Alexandrini 
 are mentioned in 31, 8, and 68, 8, and an Aegyptius puer in 35, 
 14. — harenam in amphitheatre spargunt : in the pauses in 
 gladiatorial contests the blood-stained ground was spaded over 
 and covered with sand ; cf. Martial, ii. 75, 5 : H 
 
 Nam duo de tenera puerilia corpora turba 
 sanguineam rastris quae renovabat humum. 
 
 — Falernum Opimianum : Opimius was consul, b.c. 121. It 
 was upon this passage that Mommsen based his argument for 
 
 — elegantias : the vagueness of reference in this plural form 
 
 shows that the original account is abridged here. — aequum | 
 
 Mars amat : each guest is to dine, as it were, aequo Marte, by j 
 
 having his individual table, upon which his food will be brought, \ 
 
 from the centre table. For the usual arrangement of the table 
 
 and the couches see Marq. Privatl. 302 ff. ; Harpers' Diet. Class. l 
 
 ^n^ p. 1606. — amphorae . . . gypsatae : M'ith this Falernian '. 
 
 wine and the ferculum described in the following chapter the '{ 
 
 gustatio, or prelude to the Cena, comes to an end. An old Ro- | 
 
 man cellar was excavated near the Porta Flaminia in Rome I 
 
 in which many amphorae w^ere found standing in a row in 
 
 sand; cf. Marq. Privatl. p. 647. The amphorae in which wine ) 
 
 was stored were stopped with terra cotta corks and pitch or 
 
 plaster, very much as to-day carboys containing acid are sealed. 
 
 The vintage of the wine was inscribed either upon the amphora \ 
 
 itself or upon a tag (pittacium); cf. Marq. Privatl. p. 461. I 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 II 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 34, LINES 22-32. 71 
 
 the year b.c. 21, as the date of the Cena. Cicero, Brut. 83, 287, 
 writing in b.c. 46, says that Opimian wine was too old. It was 
 at its best when fifteen or twenty years old. Petr. gives us here 
 only a bit of the reckless bragging of Trim. It is moreover 
 doubtful whether Falernian wine was famous as early as the 
 consulate of Opimius. Exaggeration of the age of one's wines 
 was not uncommon ; cf. Martial, viii. 45, 4 and iii. 62, 1. — tengo- 
 menas faciamus : ' let us do the whistle-wetting act.' Biicheler 
 suggests that Trim, is here using teugomenas (which does not 
 occur outside of Petr.) as an ace. plu. feni. object oi faciamus^ 
 on the analogy of kalendas facer e, and that he mistakes it for a 
 participle and has no more difficulty in saying tangomenas facere 
 than in saying, e.g.^ epagomenas facere. The origin and strict 
 sense of tengomenas are obscure ; there is no better explanation 
 than that of Reinesius who connects it with Alcaeus, frag. 
 39, reyye Trvev/xovas (= tangomenas) otvo), 'wet thy lungs 
 with wine.' Robinson Ellis, Class. Rev. 1892, p. 116, suggests 
 Teyytojxev Jva<s, ' let us wet our muscles,' i.e., ' soak ourselves.' 
 Of the two, however, the former seems the more plausible. 
 Heraeus, in the Vahlenfestschrift, 1901, suggests that this word is 
 the title of a comedy or mime, Teyyo/xevai, = ' die beschwippsten 
 weiber,' and compares with it such titles as the 2v/x/3aAAo/x£vai 
 of Epinikos, or the Svvepya^d/xevai of Herondas. The spelling 
 tangomenas in the Ms. for tengomenas is due to the confusion 
 which is further illustrated in the analyzing of compounds like 
 contingo, attingo, which the popular mind was more inclined to 
 take from tango than from ting{u)o. So in Petr. 66, 11, we have 
 de melle me usque tetigi, though the verb has less of the meaning 
 of tango than of tingo. — larvam argenteam : a very small 
 jointed silver skeleton has been found similar to the one here 
 mentioned. Cf. drawing in Archaeol. Anzeig. 1889, p. 106. 
 This trick of Trim.'s suggests the Egyptian habit referred to 
 in Herodotus ii. 78 and Plutarch, Isis et Osiris, 17. Puteoli, the 
 chief port of trade with Egypt, was not far from the estate of 
 Trim. — ergo vivamus : that Trim, was a maker of verse 
 appears from 41, 14. — In putting two hexameters before his 
 
H 
 
 72 NOTES. CHAP. 35, LINES 1-8. 
 
 pentameter, however (a form of tristich which is not uncom- 
 mon on the tombstones of illiterate people), Trim, shows the 
 earmarks of his humble origin. That these triplets could be 
 composed off-hand without difficulty, probably because they 
 had a popular jingle, is seen in 55, 5. With the first of 
 Trim.'s verses, cf. Plant. Capt. 22 and 51 ; with his second, 
 cf. Hor. Od. iv. 7, 15 and 16. 
 
 35. ferculum est insecutum : an unusual conclusion of the 
 gustatio, which Trim, has thus made to consist of three parts, 
 exclusive of the wines, («) the gustatio lauta in which the 
 asellus Corinthius figured, (b) the gallina lignea with the pavonina 
 ova, (c) the present zodiacal piece. Laudationem. refers to the 
 sentiment in the preceding triplet (a laudatio funehris). We ^ 
 
 need not suppose therefore that the original has been condensed. | 
 
 — convertit oculos : 'drew the eyes'; so Cic. in Catil. 4, 1, 1, 
 in me omnium vestrum era atque oculos esse conversos ; Seneca, 
 De ira, ii. 11, 3, totum in se popidum convertit. — structor : one of 
 the familia urbana, ' qui fercula docte componat,' Juvenal, Sat. 7, 
 184 ; cf. Marq. Privatl. p. 146. Servius on Aen. i. 704, says 
 struere = ordinare, componere ; unde structores dicuntur ferculorum 
 compositores. He occurs in inscriptions ; cf. C.I.L. VI. 4034 ; 
 9045 ; 9046. — super arietem : we have here one of the earliest 
 enumerations of the zodiacal signs in strictly Latin literature. 
 The astronomica of Hyginus, which also gives the list, is not many 
 years earlier. On cicer arietinum, ' a bumptious chickpea,' cf 
 chickpea in the Cent. Diet. Plin. Nat. Hist, xviii. 124, says that 
 it is arietino capiti simile, unde ita appellant. — super cancruni 
 coronam : perhaps because the centre of this constellation has 
 a circular or elliptical form. Cf. what Trim, says in 39, 21 ; 
 this is the only sign which has no edible piece placed over it. 
 
 — super leonem ficum Africanam : possibly because the lion 
 (more correctly the panther) was called Africana ; or, as Friedl. 
 suggests, because the sun passes through Leo in summer, 
 
 I 
 
NOT^. CHAP. 35, LINE 11; CHAP. 36, LINE 11. 73 
 
 and Africa was to the Romans a perpetual summer. — oclo- 
 petam : ' augenzieler ' (Friedl.). What kind of an animal 
 this ' eye-seeker ' was is uncertain ; it may be a raven ; and we 
 may have here a humorous reference to that bird, whose habit 
 of pecking out eyes is proverbial. Cf. Isidor 13, 7, 43, corvus: 
 hie prior in cadaveribus oculum petit. That birds of the raven 
 variety were eaten appears from Mart. iii. 60, 8 ; cf. Friedl, iii. 
 p. 17. — capricornum looustam : since the lobster's claws 
 suggest a pair of horns. — aquarius anserem : probably since 
 the wild goose is a water-bird. — atque ipse . . . extorsit : 
 ' and Trim, himself murdered a song from the mime of the 
 "Garlic eater.'" Cy*. note on centonarius, 45, 1, and Wblfflin, 
 Rhein. Mus. xliii. 308. — suadeo cenemus : ?.e., suad. ut cene- 
 mus; cf. 58, 7, 18, 41 ; 74, 43 ; Plant. Trin. 591, 681 ; Asin. 644. 
 
 — hoc est in. cenae : 'here begins the Cena'; in. = initium 
 (Reiske). If this be the correct interpretation, these four words 
 have probably slipped into the text from a marginal note made 
 by an ancient copyist or reader of Petronius, who saw that the 
 Cena proper actually begins here. 
 
 36. tripudiantes : in marked contrast to the tristitia with 
 which the guests were about to apply themselves ad tarn viles 
 cibos. Old glosses give gaudium = tripiidium. cf Corp. Gloss. Lat. 
 VI. 484. — superiorem partem repositorii abstulerat : by this 
 removal of the zodiacal cover with its false bottom the transi- 
 ! tion is raiade from gustatio to cena, hence the ceremonious ad 
 
 symphoniam tripudiantes. — methodic : only here in Latin litera- 
 ture ; in the glosses, where it also occurs, it = fxeOoBeia, ' decep- 
 tion ' ; cf. Paul, Epist. to the Ephesians, iv. 14, Trpo? rrjv ixeOohetav 
 TTJ<s TrAavr;?, 'against the wiles of error.' — scissor: properly 
 the slave who did the carving ; often, however, the structor, who 
 prepared the dishes (cf. 35, 5), did this also. The scissor was 
 given a very exact and careful schooling in order to perform 
 his art with rhythm and grace; cf. Marq. Privatl. 146; Seneca, 
 
74 NOTES. CHAP. 36, LINE 12; CHAP. 37, LINE 6. 
 
 De brevit. vitae, 12, 5; Epis. 47, 6; De vit. heat. 17, 2. In Juv. 9, 
 109, he is called a carptor. — essedarium . . . pugnare : there 
 were probably in Rome and elsewhere in Italy in Petronius's time 
 gladiators who reproduced the famous chariot fighting of the 
 Celts and Britons, described by Caesar, Bell. Gall. iv. 33 ; v. 15 
 and 19. Cf. below 45, 17, mulierem essedariajii, and Friedl. ii. 534. 
 
 — hydraule cantante : Burmann's warning is hardly neces- 
 sary, cave capias de illis, quae nostris, quorum usus in templis, 
 similia sunt. He understands that the accompaniment is made 
 by a tibicen qui Jistula, cuius canales aqua implebantur, canebat 
 et essedarium quasi classico incendebat ; this would suggest the 
 sound which children to-day make with a kind of water-whistle. 
 That Nero was fond of organa hydraulica novi et ignoti generis 
 (about whose nature we are therefore in the dark) appears from 
 Suetonius, Nero, 41. Quint, ix. 4, 11 and i. 10, 25 describes the 
 expressiveness of the water-organ and its power over the feel- 
 ings of an audience. On its construction cf. Chappell, History 
 of Music, p. 325. — non erubui = duravi, c. 41, 4. — qui supra 
 me accumbebat : cf. 57, 4. Hermeros is the name of this 
 neighbor ; cf. 59, 3. 
 
 37. longe accersere fabulas : *to draw all I could out of 
 him.'' — hue atque illuc discurreret : so Seneca, Apocolocyn. 9, J| 
 
 Hercules, qui videret ferrum suum in igne esse, modo hue modo illuc 
 cursahat. — nummos modio metitur : this form of expressing 
 great wealth is common in Greek and Latin as in English ; see 
 Otto, Sprichicorter, p. 225. So Cic. Philipp. 2, 38, 97, itaque 
 tanti acervi nummorum apud istum construuntur, ut iam expen- 
 dantur, non numerentur pecuniae ; cf Plant. Stichus, 587, mihi 
 medimnum mille esse argenti velim; so Juv. 3, 220; Xenoph. 
 Hellen. iii. 2, 27. — modo modo : ' only yesterday ' ; cf 42, 6, 
 and 46, 30. — genius tuus : the deification of the emperor did 
 much to develop this mode of addressing a man indirectly by 
 his abstract alter ego. Nero may be ' Divinity ' (in Quo Vadis), 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 37, LINES 7-13. 75 
 
 but ordinary people are ' your spirit,' ' your genius.' So in 
 English 'your highness,' 'your honor,' Cf. 62, 35; 75, 4; 
 53, 7; Roscher, Mythol. Lex. 1, 1G19 ; Baumeister, Denkm. 
 p. 593 ; Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, 2G3-2t)7. — panem accipere : so 
 Diphilus, frag. 91 (Kock), Trap* ^s tov aprov 17 Kvmv ov XafifSdva; 
 cf. Alexis, frag. 73 (Kock). — nee quid nee quare, in caelum 
 abiit : ' and so she has gone soaring aloft and away from us, 
 and I don't know how or why.' So Cic. Ad Att. ii. 19, 2, Bihulm 
 in caelo est nee quare scio ; cf. ii. 20, 4; ii. 9, 1 ; ii. 21, 4; and 
 Hor. Odes, i. 1, 36, sublimi feriam sidera vertice. Cf. Index, 
 \\x\([er Alliteration. — topanta est: 'is all' to him; a common 
 Greek expression ; cf Herod, i. 122, rjv ri ol ev toJ Adyco rk 
 TrdvTa rj kww; Eurip. Orestes, 730, Travra yap raS' c? crv fxoL. 
 So Ovid, Epist. 12, 161, qui nobis omnia solus erat. Fortunata 
 is brought down from her top notch at the end of the cena; cf. 
 74, 26. — ad summam, mero : cf. Introd. p. x^ 4 and 5. On 
 the thought, cf. Plant. Bacch. 699 : ^ 
 
 z. 4 and o. 
 
 Ch. Quid dixit ? Mx. si tu ilium solem, sibi soletn esse dixeriSf 
 se ilium lunam credere esse, et noctem, qui nunc est dies. 
 
 — saplutus : Introd. p. xxxiii, C, 2 ; similarly zeta appears as 5 
 in C.I.L. I. 1047 and 1299, in Setus, = Zetus. The proper name 
 Saplutius occurs on. a votive offering found at Mainz ; in C.I.L. 
 VIII. 7219, the form is Zaplutius. — lupatria : ' dieser Racker ' 
 (Friedlander). The word is of uncertain derivation and mean- 
 ing. It ought to contain some complimentary reference to For- 
 tunata's keenness. Btich., taking the first element to be lupus, 
 suggests that it = XvKdvBpwiro^, versipellis . quae incognita appa- 
 reat. Friedl. takes it in a contemptuous sense (= etwa 'huren- 
 mensch '), and suggests lupatria : lupa : : Tropvevrpia : Tropvr]] for 
 this derivation the formation of the word poetria affords some 
 support. — sicca sobria : 'sober and steady'; cf. Index, under 
 Alliteration. This was a current phrase under the empire; cf. 
 Mart. xii. 30, 1, siccus sobrius est Aper ; Senec. Vita beata, 12, 4 ; 
 Epist. 18, 4, and 114, 3. — pica pulvinaris : ' a regular mv 
 
76 NOTES. CHAP. 37, LINE 13; CHAP. 38, LINE 2. 
 
 lady's magpie.' The pica is pulvinaris because it is tame and 
 has the freedom of its mistress's room and may perch in pulvi- 
 nari by her side. — quein amat, amat : cf. Publil. Syrus, 6, aut 
 amat aut odit mulier, nil est tertium. — qua milvi volant: Her- 
 meros has in mind the proverb, quantum milvi volant, of which 
 the scholiast on Pers. 4, 26, quantum non milvus obeiTet, is re- 
 minded. Cf. schol. on Jiiv. 9, 55, tot milvos intra tua pascua lassos, 
 viz., nee milvi ea transvolare possunt. — nummoruni nummos : 
 'and such heaps of money'; this suggests Hebrew forms of 
 expression, like 'song of songs,' 'holy of holies,' 'lord of lords'; 
 so Soph. Oed. Tyr. 464, app-qr app-qriov ', Philoctet. 65, ecrxar 
 iax^iTiDV KaKct. Cf. Plant. Capt. 825, regum rex regalior. Possi- 
 bly olim oliorum, in 43, 25, is analogous. Landgraf, Berl. Phil. 
 Woch. 1892, p. 755. — babaecalis in rutae folium coniciet : 
 ' he can knock any one of these simpletons into a cocked hat.' 
 Cf. 67, 18, sic 710S habaecali (Heinsius, for bai'calae) despoliamur ; 
 in both passages, babaecalus = 'poor fool.' In Arnobius, 4, 22 
 (p. 159, 1. 11, in Reiffersch.), it has the sense of libidinosus. 
 It may be derived from /SaK-qko^, reduplicated to express intense 
 disgust, then by " volksetyniologie," wrongly connecting it with 
 (SafSat, altered in the quantity of the second and third syllables. 
 Grober derives it directly from fSa^at, leaving the penult, how- 
 ever, unexplained. The origin of in rutae folium conicio is 
 obscure; it recurs in 58, 16, and = redigere in angustias. Cf. 
 Mart. xi. 31, 17. Burmann explains : agit de immensa multitu- 
 dine servorum, qui quotannis in contuberniis suis prolem foecundam 
 et vernaculam turbam domino suo proferebant. sed ait ilium non 
 curare hanc copiam, quin quemvis ex ii^tis mulierosis in rutae folium 
 coniceret, id est, medicamentis steriles faceret; hanc enim vim rutae 
 esse docet praeter alios Plinius, xx. 13, 51. 
 
 i 
 
 I 
 
 38. neo est quod putes : so Plaut. Merc. 317, nihil est iam 
 quod mihi succenseas ; Gildersleeve-Lodge, 525, 1, note 2. — cre- 
 drae : properly the lemon, citrus ; by some confusion this latter 
 was also called cedrus, whence the mod. Ital. cedro. The inser- 
 
 f 
 
 i . 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 38, LINES 2-9. 77 
 
 tion of r gives a form analogous Nvith draucus for daucus, frus- 
 trum ioY frustum; cf. Gram. Latini, TV. 198, 30 ; 199, 3. In 1. 10, 
 culcitras is for culcitas. — lacte gallinaceum : things as rare 
 as hens' teeth he has home-grown ; cf. Lucian, Trept r. i. fxta-Bw 
 avv6vT(DV, § 13, Koi c^ets to Trj<i ^AiJuiX.Oui<i Kipas /cat d/xc'A^et? 
 opvidoiv yd\a. Lacte is an early and late popular form of lac 
 (Xeue, Fonnenlehre, I. 239), from which have come the Span. 
 leche, Port, leite, French hit, Ital. latte (Grober, Arckiv, III. 274) ; 
 it is also found in glosses; cf C.G.L. VI. 616; lactem occurs in 
 71, 2. Cf. Wagener, Neue Phil. Rundschau, 1899, p. 73. — cula- 
 vit in gregem : ' and had him serve his ew^es.' The best Italian 
 sheep were those of Apulia, Calabria, and particularly Tarentum, 
 where, as in Attica and a few other places, the sheep were cov- 
 ered with coats, in order to keep the wool pure and to produce 
 those gauzy woolen fabrics which were celebrated in Lucian's 
 time ; Lucian, Rhet. Praec. 15 ; Hor. Odes, ii. 6, 10. Culare, from 
 cuius, 'the hinder parts,' is at the base of the Eng. recoil, Fr. 
 reculer, Ital. rinculare ; cf. Gr. Trvyt^eiv. — obiter . . . fient : 
 ' and at the same time his native bees will be a little improved 
 by crossing with the Greek ones.' Obiter = simul here, as in 
 31, 11 ; 34, 15; so in Sen. De ira, iii. 1, 3 ; Juv. 3, 241 ; 6, 481. 
 
 — ecce . . . scripsit : 'and mark you, sir! he wrote'; the inter j. 
 is livelier than ad summam above, 1. 2. — illi . . . boletorum 
 mitteretur : illi = sibi, as freq. in Sallust ; cf. Sen. Epis. 48, 8; 
 Juv. 13, 203. In fact, ille, as well as ad summam, is one of the 
 peculiar usages of Hermeros ; cf. 56, 9, oves quod lana illae 
 (= Fr. elles), the pronoun being entirely unnecessary in pure 
 Latin. In superseding se, ille points to the later romance devel- 
 opment; Heraeus, Vahlenfestschrift, 1901. The boletus is a first- 
 class mushroom; cf. Juv. 5, Wl, fungi ponentur amicis, | boletus 
 domino. — nam mulam . . . nata sit: '(and all he has is of 
 the best) for ' ; a similar omission of the fact for which the 
 7iom-clause adduces a proof occurs in 48, 22 ; 52, 6 ; 53, 29 ; 
 56, 6 ; 63, 4 ; cf. Juv. 10, 204, and Mayor's and Friedlander's 
 notes on the line ; see Index, under nam. — ex onagro : this 
 
78 
 
 NOTES. CHAP. 38, LINES 10-18. 
 
 shows the excellence of his breed ; for the ordinary breeding, 
 cf. Lat. Anth. (Meyer), 1, 387 : 
 
 Burdonem sonipes generat commixtus asellae. 
 Mulus ah Arcadicis et equina matre creatus. 
 
 — culcitras : hence Sp. colcedra, Ital. coltriche, featherbed ; it is 
 the popular form of culcita. In many Mss. of Cic. Tusc. (iii. 46) 
 and Suet. Tiber. (54) the spelling with r occurs as a variant. — 
 conchyliatum : not so deep a purple or violet as the Tyrian 
 dye, Marq. Privatl. p. 508. — valde sucossi sunt: with refer- 
 ence to their wealth. Valde is a favorite with Petr. as with 
 Cicero, who first brought it into use in the sense in which it 
 occurs here ; see Index, suh voc. On the form sucossi, cf. digni- 
 tosso, 57, 36. So C.I.L. IV. 1830; cf. Olcott, Word Formation, 
 p. 208, Schonwerth-Weyman, Archiv, V. 12. — imus in imo : this 
 is Pompeius Diogenes, 1. 20 ; his place is uncertain ; it is not 
 the libertini locus, since this is occupied by Proculus, 1. 22 ; cf. 
 Marq. Privatl. p. 304. — octingenta : sc. millia sestertium, about 
 $34,000, double the property qualification of equites. — quo- 
 modo dicunt : ' comme on dit.' — Incuboni : the story of the 
 dwarf who guards the treasure, but can be made to reveal its 
 hiding-place when his cap is stolen from him, is ancient as 
 well as modern. Siegfried recovers the Rhine treasure by get- 
 ting possession of the cap of Alberich. Incubo is not only an 
 imp creating terror, like Pan and the satyrs, but a treasure 
 god, as here. He shares this latter honor with Hercules ; cf. 
 Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 15, with Wickham's note ; Pers. 2, 10, o si | sub 
 rastro crepet argenti mihi seria dextro Hercule ; Ramsay's note 
 on Plant. Mostell. p. 168. Cf. Roscher, Myth. Lex. II. 128. — 
 
 est sub alapa . . . male : ' aber er will hoch hinaus, und gonnt 
 sich das beste ' (Friedl.) ; i.e., ' he is a high-flyer and looks out for 
 number one.' R. Ellis: 'the man, however, is a lick-spittle;' 
 Nettleship : 'he may still be slapped.' This last explanation 
 rests on schol. ad Pers. 5, 75 : as often as they manumitted a 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 38, LINES 22-26. 79 
 
 slave, they gave him an alapa (the manumission stroke) and 
 led him about, thus confirming his freedom. Biicheler : 'er ist 
 aber noch kein fertiger reicher, vielmehr in der Mauser be- 
 griffen ; ' i.e.. * he is no rich man, but rather getting there ; ' the 
 alapa being the longed-for all-in-all ceremonial which shall 
 make of him a new man ; he is adhuc sub iudice. Friedl. would 
 emend to sufflatus, 'puffed up.' Cf. C.G.L. VI. 47, where alapus 
 = qui propter mercedem alapas patitur, ' a boot-lick.' Heraeus, 
 Sprache des Petron., suggests subalapo or suhalapator, 'braggart,' 
 on the analogy of alapari, a low Latin verb, = gloriari, Ronsch, 
 Rhein. Mus. 1879, p. 632. In C.G.L. III. 372, 56, alapator is ex- 
 plained as KavyrjTrj<i. A suhalapator wowXd thus be 'something 
 of a braggart.' Non vult sibi male is freq. in the comic poets ; 
 cf. Plant. Pers. 820. In C.G.L. an improhus =z inconsideratus 
 vel qui soli sibi vult bene. — libertini loco : plainly a definite 
 place at the table, though its location is uncertain ; possibly it 
 is in imo secundus : this would bring Proculus, 1. 35, next to 
 Diogenes, with Trimalchio above him. A libertus was occasion- 
 ally invited to dinner by his ingenuus friend ; this might 
 account for the origin of the phrase libertini locus. There was 
 also a locus consularis ; cf. Marq. Privatl. p. 304. — impropero : 
 freq. in the Vulgate, the older versions of the Bible, and in 
 patristic Latin, as well as in glosses ; cf Heraeus, Sprache, p. 5 
 and the references. It survives in Fr. improperer and Ital. im- 
 proverare. — sestertium . . . decies : • he saw his 100,000 
 ten times over.' This gave him a senatorial qualification ; in 
 the early empire senators had come to possess enormous wealth 
 and to say that a man had a patrimonium laticlavium (76, 4) 
 was to characterize him as a Croesus. •' Richer than the sena- 
 tor Crispus," says Martial, iv. 54, 7 ; yet Crispus was worth two 
 hundred million sesterces. — male vacillavit: 'he went wrong.' 
 Trim, who had done better, ascribes his wealth to his lucky 
 star, the firm-footed Crab, 39, 21. — liberti . . . ad se fece- 
 runt : so in 43, 17, the brother of Chrysanthus had been 
 fleeced by slaves ; cf. Sen. De benef 2, 27, 1, Lentulus, divitiarum 
 maximum exemplum, antequam ilium libertini pauperem facerent. 
 
\ 
 
 80 NOTES. CHAP. 38, LINES 26-35. 
 
 — scito autem : *yoii know! it's the old story; your friend's 
 pot boils poorly, and when things take a bad turn, away flee 
 your friends.' Judging from the different words for friends, it 
 is probable that two proverbs are run together here : (a) the 
 pot of a crowd doesn't boil well ; i.e., too many cooks spoil the 
 broth : (b) a friend in need is a friend indeed. Cf. Bed. Philol. 
 Wochensch. 1892, p. 755. The Greeks had a proverb : ^et x^'''P"-^ 
 i^u (faXta, ' all goes well when the pot boils,' Zenob. 4, 12 ; but 
 it does not seem to fit the sentiment here, though cited by 
 Friedl. and Otto. On amici de medio cf. Plant. Stick. 521 f., si res 
 Jirma est, itidem Jirmi amici sunt: si res labat, | itidem amici conla- 
 hescunt; and Hor. Od. i. 35, 21 ff. So Petron. c. 80, 
 
 cum/ortuna manet, rultum servatis, amici : 
 cum cecidit, turpi vertitis orafuga. 
 
 Cf. Soph. frag. 667, dv8p6s KaKws Trpdaarovros eK7ro8a>v <^tA.oi. 
 
 — quod ilium sic vides : ' what a fine business he carried on, 
 that you see him so well off to-day.' Cf. Gildersleeve-Lodge, 
 § 534, Rem. As in modern times, there was money in the 
 undertaker's business, though, like ancient auctioneering and 
 public acting, the business was unsuited to the holding of pub- 
 lic office. The sevirate was, however, open to lihertini who 
 pursued any of these callings. On the adject, use of sic, cf tarn 
 75, 17. — effundebatur quam . . . cella habet : cf 37, 16; 
 74, 2 ; and the picture of Bacchis causing waste of wine, in 
 Ter. Heaut. 1. 457. — phantasia, non homo : ' no ordinary man 
 he; he was a perfect dream.' Cf. In trod. p. xxxviii, B; Index 
 under Comparisons ; so c. 134, lorum in aqua, non inguina. For 
 other examples, cf H. S. Jones, Class. Rev. vii. 224. — C. lulius 
 Proculus : this man being a collihertus (1. 12) of Trim, should 
 have the same nomen (Pompeius) ; (/. Diogenes, another colli- 
 hertus, 1. 20. Friedl. suggests that in being manumitted he had 
 been presented to a Julian ; so Cicero's slave, Dionysius, was 
 presented to Atticus and assumed not Cicero's gentile name, 
 Tullius, but Atticus's, Pomponius ; ^Nlarq. PrivatL p. 22. 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 39, LINES 1-8. 81 
 
 39. ferculum : mentioned in 35, 1 ; the repositorium, or 
 cover, with its zodiacal signs, is still on the table, or at least 
 within sight. It had been removed from the lower portion 
 of the ferculum at the beginning of c. 36, revealing the viands 
 with which the cena began. — sermonibus publicatis : in 
 distinction from the fahulae, ' private talk,' ' stories,' of the two 
 preceding chapters. Hilarity and chatting are the life of the 
 cena; so in c. Ill the fabula of the Lady of Ej^hesus is told 
 ne s'deret sine fabuUs hilaritas. — reclinatus in cubitum : as 
 though some duties had just compelled him as host to sit up; 
 cf. c. 132, erectus in cubitum, and 65, 14. — suave faciatis : 
 sc. fabulis vestris ; the invitation is repeated in 48, 2, though 
 the offer is made to change the wine if it cannot be so sweet- 
 ened. Cf. Mart. V. 78, 16, vinum tu fades bonum bibendo. 
 
 — rogo, me putatis : cf. Introd. p. xli, F; Index, under Para- 
 taxis: Gildersleeve-Lodge, 467, note ; Studemund, Studien, 1, 141. 
 
 — theca repositorii ; the same as the superiorem partem repos., 
 36, 2. — sic notus Ulixes : 'am I no cleverer?' Verg. A en. 
 ii. 44; in 68, 13, a passage from the Aeneid is recited by the 
 pedisequus of Habinnas. To his countrymen, Yergil came to 
 be, under the empire, a Schiller or a Shakspere, through the 
 nobleness, as well as the human element, of his poetry. It was 
 even considered that he was prophetic, and that the Aeneid was 
 an inspired book to be appealed to. Men were fond of quoting 
 his verses and using them as mottoes. Martial, xii. 67, 5, speaks 
 of the high regard in which his birthday was held. Cf. Tunison, 
 Master Vergil, 39. — quid ergo est: cf 30, 30. — philologiam = 
 litterarum studium: Sen. Epist. 108, 23, ob'serves, quae philosophia 
 fuit, facta philologia est ; in Apocoloc. 5, 4, Claudius gaudet esse 
 illic [_in caelo] philologos homines. — patrono meo ossa . . . 
 quiescant : 'thanks to my patronus — and may his ashes rest 
 in peace — there is nothing new under the sun for me'; the 
 prayer, in the abbreviated form o. t. b. q., is common in tomb- 
 stone inscriptions from Africa; cf. C.I.L.YHl. 2, p. 1104, and 
 Wilmanns, Exempla Ins. Lat., Indie, p. 693, ossa. — hominem 
 
82 
 
 NOTES. CHAP. 39, LINES 9-29. 
 
 inter homines : cf. 57, 17 ; 74, 33. An expression common 
 among slaves and freedmen. Cf., however, Tac. Hist, iv. 64, 
 liheri inter liheros eritis ; Herond. Mini. 5, 15, r] ere Oda-a iv 
 dv6po)7roL<s. — fericulus : the illiterate form for ferculum; cf, 
 68, 6 ; this, with caelus for caelum, vinus for vinum, fatus for 
 fatum, is among the earliest examples of the change of neut. 
 to masc, the complete result of which is seen in the total 
 disappearance of neuters in romance languages ; cf, Suchier, 
 Archiv III. 163. — multum lanae : '■heaucoxip de laine.' — expu- 
 doratam : 'shameless.' In CG.L. IV. 339, 42, this word is 
 glossed inpudicus ; in III. 112, 23, dvatSeWare = expuderate. 
 It is the parent of the Ital. spudorato, — cornum acutum : 'a 
 sharp frontal bump.' On the form cornum = cornu, cf, Neue, 
 Formenl. I. 529. — et arietilli : ' and thankless creatures ' ; a 
 dim. of aries = arietulus. So K/oios is a synonym for a thankless 
 creature ; cf Lid. and Scott, sub v, — calcitrosi : adj. in -osus 
 are frequent in Petr. ; cf, C.G,L. II. 358, 17, XaKTLcrTrj<: : calci- 
 trosus. — bigae et boves: 'spans of horses, yokes of oxen, 
 shifty people, who blow hot and cold.' On parites linunt, cf, 
 Cic. Ad fam. vii. 29, 2, sine eum errare et putare me virum honum 
 esse nee scire duo parietes de eadem fidelia dealhare. — multis 
 pedibus sto : a farmer's phrase ; cf. Quint, xii. 9, 18, itaque, 
 in vis actionibus omni, ut agricolae dicunt, pede standum est. 
 With this, contrast Horace's stans pede in uno, Sat, i. 4, 10. 
 
 
 — hoc et illoo = hue et illuc; Introd. p. xxxiii, A, 3 ; cf 26, 10; 
 57, 40. Trim, means that crabs are at home on land and sea; 
 there are both varieties. — nihil super ilium : he had actually 
 placed a crown supra cancrum; cf. 35, 7, and note. — cataphagae : 
 a Greek noun of agency, like SaKva?, dyayas (for dywyas, = leno) ; 
 equiv. to </)ayds, and freq. in comedy; in the glossaries (C.G.L, 
 II. 36 and 32) it = gulator, ganeo. — aliquid expediunt : ' display 
 their wares.' — sagittario strabones : because an archer aims 
 above, and not directly at, the object he expects to hit. — prae 
 mala sua : ' who from their very woes beget horns.' Prae with 
 ace, as in 46, 5 ; cf, Introd. p. xxxviii, E, 2. So in inscriptions 150 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 39, LINE 30; CHAP. 40, LINE 8. 83 
 
 years later than Petr., exliteras (C./.L. VIII. 10570), ex numerum 
 (C.I.L. VIII. 9292). The tendency grew, in the senno vulgaris, to 
 merge the abl. and the ace. into one case ; Suchier, Archiv, III. 
 16.5. The idea in cornua nasci may be explained by x^pacrcfyo- 
 pos = ' cuckold/ ;^€paTa ttolclv tlvl = ' to cuckold,' ^^eparas = ' a 
 cuckold.' — in aquario : because of its malign influence; the 
 caupo was not held in great esteem ; cf. Mart. i. 56 ; iii. 57 ; Hor. 
 Sat. i. 1, 29, and 5, 4. — tanquam mola : cf. Introd. p. xxxviii, B ; 
 Index, tanquam. 
 
 40. sophos = the more classical lene, perhene, optume ; cf. 
 Mart. i. 3, 7, 
 
 Audieris cum grande sophos, dum hasia iactas, 
 ibis ah excusso missus in astra sago. 
 
 Probably croc^ois and evye, denoting approval, made their way 
 into Rome with Greek music and rhetoric, as bravo has to-day 
 wherever Italian music is sung. Cf. Friedl. Sitieng. i. 384. — 
 Hipparchus, Aratus : see Christ, GriecTi. Literaturgeschichte, 
 pp. 869 and 530. — donee : ' until ' ; always with indie, in Petr., 
 except in 62, 18. It is the parent of the Fr. done, but in Petr. 
 it does not yet have the sense of that word ; cf. Englander, 
 Archiv, VI. 467. — toralia praeposuerunt toris : the triclinium 
 is thus changed into a hunting scene. The toralia were stretched 
 along the outside of the tori. — et ecce : ' and lo and behold ' ; 
 this occurs four times in Petr., thrice in the talk of the liber- 
 tini ; cf. Introd. p. xxxvii, D, 1. Its earliest appearance is in 
 Yarro, e.g., p. 13.5, .5, Riese's ed. — canes Laconici : both Verg., 
 Georg. iii. 405, and Hor., Epod. 6, 5, mention Spartan in con- 
 nection with Molossian dogs. Soph., Ajax, 8, speaks of their 
 keen scent, Cf. Shakspere, Othello, concluding lines : 
 
 " O Spartan dog, 
 More fell than anguish, hunger, or the sea." 
 
84 NOTES. CHAP. 40, LINES 9-26. 
 
 So Midsummer Night's Dream, iv. 1 : 
 
 " I was with Hercules and Cadmus once 
 When in a wild of Crete they bay'd the bear 
 With hounds of Sparta ; never did I hear 
 Such gallant chiding." 
 
 — secutus est hos repositorium : this is the second course of 
 the cena; the first is described in 36, 4. By the time of Petr. 
 the serving of whole boars was common ; it was introduced as 
 early as Sulla's time by Servilius PuUus ; Plin . N.H. viii. 210. 
 Cf. Mart. vii. 59 ; Juv. in 1, 140 exclaims, 
 
 quanta est gula quae sibi totos 
 ponit apros, animal propter convivia natum ? 
 
 Friedl. Sitteng. iii. 40, 8. — altera caryotis . . . repleta : ' the 
 one filled with walnut dates, the other with Theban.' The 
 Romans used the former as gifts at the Saturnalia and on 
 New Year's Day, scattering them as missilia ; cf. Marq. Privatl. 
 p. 428. — circa autem . . . porcelli . . . scrofam . . . significa- 
 bant : the animal was a boar, served, however, to resemble a 
 sow. On the decorations placed about it, and the cap on its 
 head, cf. 66, 4, where the porcus has a crown and is surrounded 
 with saviunculum et gizeria. The hard-baked coptoplacenta, of 
 which the porcelli were made, are the hard copta of Mart. xiv. 68 : 
 
 Peccantis famuli pugno ne percute dentes : 
 clara Rhodos coptam quam tibi misit edat. 
 
 They probably resembled the KOTTTOTrXaKoi}? of Athenaeus, 647 f. 
 The word reappears in Anth. Lat. (Riese) 199, 47. — apopho- 
 reti: guests took away these gifts in the mappae which they 
 brought with them ; Marq. Privatl. p. 313. — Martial's fourteenth 
 book is made up of verses meant to accompany the gifts ; so 
 to-day "sugar-kisses" are sold with erotic distichs wrapped with 
 them. — altilia laceraverat : 36, 12. — memento : ' at once ' ; 
 cf 28, 2, momento temporis ; Petr., however, prefers statim. — 
 ad numerum divisere : ' divided equally.' 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 41, LINES 4-28. 85 
 
 41. bacalusias : 'after I had exhausted every likely solution.' 
 Possibly from ^a.K-qXo'i, which Suet. {Aug. § 87) says Augustus 
 constantly used for stultus. The second element (-hisiai^) wa« 
 then popularly associated with ludere : hence lit. ' nonsense- 
 juggle.' — duravi = non erubui, 36, 15; so Lucan. Phars. iv. 
 519, ut vivere durent. — plane: 'assuredly,' a strong affirmation, 
 as in comedy; cf. 67, 28, and Plant. True. 618. — summa cena : 
 ' the last course of yesterday's dinner allowed him to go un- 
 touched ' ; so in 66, 19, in summo . . . caseum. In Mart. x. 37, 
 9, however, summa mensa is probably the principal course of the 
 cena. — dimissus est: ef. 66, 24. — damnavi ego: the pron. 
 seems redundant and almost enclitic; so narra tu, 48, 8; seis 
 tu, 74, 39 ; vide tu, 78, 3. It was desirable to be a good diner- 
 out; cf. 34, 24. — puer speciosus : cf. 74, 20; the pantomimic 
 burlesque, hitting off the various attributes of Dionysus, by gest- 
 ure, costume and words, has something very modern in it. Cf 
 Friedl. Sitteng. ii. 458. — modo . . . interdum : cf. 39, 13 and 17, 
 and Wolfflin, Archiv, II. 253. — liberum patrem : ' that I am the 
 child of Free-Father.' Trim, is a great punster and poetaster. 
 Under Nero, however, it was extremely perilous to establish a 
 reputation as a true poet. Cf. Tac. Ann. xvi. 28 and xiv. 52; 
 also Friedl. Sitteng. iii. 412. — pataracina : the interpretation is 
 diflBcult ; the word seems to refer to the size of the cups, not to 
 the strength of the wine, like anancaea, Allifana, hatiacae ; cf 
 Mart. xiv. 93 ff., and Cic. In Verrem, ii. 1, 26, 66, poscunt maio- 
 rihus poculis. — versas : Introd. p. xxxv, C, 4. — mundum fri- 
 gus : agrees with 30, 11, as to the time of year when the dinner 
 was given. — balneus : Introd. p. xxxv, C, 1. — staminatas : 'I 
 have had several stiff drinks.' The word is suggested by vestia- 
 rius, just used; his drinks had stamen, no subtemen, they were wine 
 with no addition of water. In the Corp. Gloss. Lat., staminarius 
 is glossed vqa-rrj^. 6 tov aT-rjfJLtDva. On the ending -atus, cf Index. 
 — matus : 'foolish'; Ital. matto ; cf. C.G.L. V. 568, 58, where 
 fatuus is glossed stultus . . . mattus. — vinus : Introd. p. xxxv, 
 C, 1. Possibly the masc. is used because the speaker is of Greek 
 extraction and in his language the word for 'wine' is masc. 
 
86 NOTES. CHAP. 42, LINES 2-19. 
 
 42. balniscus : In trod. p. xxxv, C, 1. The weakening effect 
 of too much bathing was noticed by the early Father, Clemens 
 of Alexandria, who says (Paedagog. 3, 3), that it may lead to 
 serious physical breakdown, and adds, " the ancients called the 
 bath a place for bleaching men, since it wore out the body, just 
 as heat also may take the temper out of iron." — cor nostrum : 
 *the courage' to stand the shock of the cold water. — laecasin : 
 Aeixa^eiv, fellare ; cf. Mart. xi. 58, 12. On the form, cf. Introd. 
 p. xxxiii, C, 2. — fui in funus : Introd. p. xxxviii, E, 3 ; so in cu- 
 riam fuerunt, Wilmanns, 2083, 18 ; ex Utteras, C.I.L. VIII. 10570 ; 
 cf. Sen. Epist. 108, 4. — animam ebulliit : so 62, 19 ; Pers. 2, 10, 
 o si ebulliat patruus ; Sen. Apocoloc. 4, 2, animam ebulliit. — utres 
 inflati : cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 98, crescentem tumidis infla sermonibus 
 utrem. — bullae: Homer likens man to autumn leaves, II. vi. 
 146 ; cf Find. Pyth. 8, 95, o-Kia? ovap av^pwTro? ; and Luc. Charon, 
 19. So Varro, R.R. 1, 1, 1, homo bulla. — abstinax: Introd. 
 p. xxxiv, C, 2 ; found only here, = abstemius. — abiit ad plures : 
 * he's joined the majority ' ; cf. the German er ist zur grossen 
 armee abgegangen ; so Plant. Tri?i. 291, quin prius me ad plures 
 penetravi. In Aristoph. Eccles. 1073, ypav<i dvea-TrjKvia Trapa 
 Tw TrAeidvwv = ' a woman risen from the dead.' Cf. C.I.L. VI. 
 142, = Orelli, 6042, jylures me antecesserunt, omnes expecto. — ma- 
 lus fatus : probably the neut. personified, hence not like caelus 
 for caelum. Fatus is the spirit which attends one through 
 life till death takes his place. Roscher, Myth. Lex. 1, 1452 ; 
 cf. C.I.L. VI. 4379, noli dolere, arnica, eventum meum, properavit 
 aetas: hoc dedit Fatus mihi ; so 6932, 10127. — vital! lecto : cf 
 77, 20, and Sen. Epist. 99, 22. The collegia funeralicia called 
 themselves salutaria by a similar euphemism. — accepisset : 
 'what kind of a funeral would he have had, if he had not 
 treated her so very well ? ' — mulier quae mulier : ' all women, 
 one as well as another.' Ribbeck, inserting omnes, makes a 
 senarius : mulier quae mulier omnes milvinum genus. — neminem 
 nihil : Introd. p. xxxvii, C ; cf. the double negative in 58, 15 and 
 76, 4. — aeque : Introd. p. xxxvii, C. — in puteum conicias : 
 so Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 242, in rapidum fluvium iaceretve cloacam; Sen. 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 42, LINE 20; CHAP. 43, LINE 15. 87 
 
 Epist. 87, 16, denarius in cloacam ; cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 166, and 
 Plaut. Cure. 121. — amor cancer : either because, like the dis- 
 ease, it gets into the very blood {cf. Lucret. iv. 1064, ulcus enim 
 vivescit et inveterascit alendo), or because its grip is as firm as a 
 lobster's. Ellis, Class. Rec. 1892, p. 116, explains differently. 
 
 43. vivorum memiuerimus : used in 75, 16, in a broader 
 sense ; that the phrase is proverbial is shown from Cic. De 
 Jin. V. 1, 3, veteris proverbii admonitu vivorum memini. — crevit 
 quicquid crevit : ' he grew for all he was worth ' ; the phrase 
 is of the same pattern as mulier quae mulier, 42, 17. — solida 
 centum (millia) : ' a cool 100,000 ' ; the Ital. soldo and Fr. 
 sou are derivatives from solida; note how the original force has 
 weakened. Cf. Mart. iv. 37, 4, ex insulis fundisque tricies soldum : 
 so plenum vicies in i. 99. — linguam caninam comedi : i.e.., he 
 has the cynic's (kvo>v, ' dog') love of truth at any cost. In 69, 10, 
 is the recipe for quieting such an irrepressible tongue. 
 
 — durae buccae : 'of unlimited cheek,' 'bombastic' — lin- 
 guosus, 'a chatterbox.' — discordia : ' the very embodiment of 
 contention ' ; cf 38, 32. — amicus amico : a popular phrase ; 
 cf. Plaut. Miles Gl. 658, and the distich, C.I.L. VI. 6275, hie est 
 ille situs, qui qualis amicus amico | quaque fde fuerit, mors fuit 
 indicio. — malam parram pilavit : 'he had hard luck ' ; cf. Hor. 
 Od. iii. 27, 1, impios parrae recinentis omen \ ducat. — mentem 
 sustulit : cf. the picture of Trim., in 29, 12, showing Mercury 
 in the act of lifting him to the high tribunal by his chin. — ille 
 stips : the ille of 1. 2 ; lines 9-14 describe his brother. The con- 
 versation still turns on the dead Chrysanthus, notwithstanding 
 the protest in line 1, and the cheerful but short digression. Stips = 
 ' blockhead '; so truncus, codex, stipes plumheus ; cf Cic. In Pison. 
 9, 19; Ter. Heaut. 877. It stands for stipes: so seps for saepes, 
 nubs for nubes, orbs for orbis, all of which are found in old glos- 
 saries. — terrae filio : ' groundling,' a designation of unknown 
 or disagreeable people, cf. Cic. Ad Att. i. 13, 4, huic terrae 
 filio nescio cui committere epistulam . . . non audeo ; so Pers. 
 
88 NOTES. CHAP. 43, LINE 16; CHAP. 44, LINE 3. 
 
 vi. 57, progenies terrae. — ionge . . . fugit : the title of one 
 of Varro's Menippean Satires ; cf. Biicii. Petronius, ed. 1882, 
 p. 188. — oricularios = auricularios, Introd. p. xxxiii, cf. Fr. 
 oreille, and Catullus's oricilla, 25. 2. The sense, ' confiden- 
 tial secretary,' recurs in the Vulgate, 2 Samuel, xxiii. 23. — 
 quod (habuit) frunitus est: 'he enjoyed what he had'; fru- 
 niscor is a lengthened form of fruor ; cf. 44, 34. Before cui 
 datum est, something like ille felicissimus est is to be supplied. 
 
 — fortunae filius: cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 49, luserat in campo : 
 ^ Fortunae filius ! ' omnes. In Juv. 6, 605-609 is a charming 
 picture of Fortuna with little ones about her, to whom she 
 is distributing her gifts. — quadrata currunt : ' run on all 
 fours,' cf. 39, 23. — annos secum tulisse : frequent on tomb- 
 stones, as C.I.L. X. 2311, scire laboras, annos quot tulerim mecum; 
 cf. 1069, 3, and Lucan. Phars. xi. 10, saecula iussa ferentem ; Ov. 
 Metam. xi. 497, gerere annos. — olim oliorum : 'one of those men 
 of long ago,' an intensive phrase, like nummorum nummos, 37, 15 ; 
 the reading is, however, extremely uncertain ; cf. Ellis, Class. 
 Rev. vi. 117. It may be that oliorum stands to olim as illorum 
 does to illim, the sense and spelling of oliorum (for oliorum, 
 ollus being an old form of ille) being influenced by olim; hence 
 lit. 'I knew him long ago, one of those (old timers),' cf. ArcMv, 
 II. 317. — canem reliquisse : in 74, 25, Trim.'s wife calls him 
 canis, qui non contineret lihidinem suam. — puUarius = paedicator 
 
 — omnis minervae : cf. 68, 22 ; so Hor. Sat. ii. 2, 3, crassa 
 Minerva ; Epist. ii. 3, 385, invita Minerva ; Cic. Lael. 5, 19, pingui, 
 ut aiunt, Minerva ; Verg. Aen. viii. 409, tenuique Minerva; cf 
 Plin. Epist. xxi. 25. — hoc secum tulit : so in C.I.L. VI. 142, 
 cum vives benefac {tihi namque) hoc tecum feres ; cf. 69, 6. No 
 one can rob the departed of the memory of their pleasures. 
 
 44. ad caelum nee ad terrain pertinet : a Greek prov. ; 
 cf. Lucian. Alexan., ovre yrj<s (f>a(nv ovre ovpavov a7rTOfX€vov<i. — 
 quid . . . mordet ; the indie, in ind. quest, in post-class. Lat. 
 is rare. This instance is not noted in Drager, Hist. Syntax, II. 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 44, LINES 5-22. 89 
 
 § 464. Cf. 76, 29 ; 71, 40. In 33, 17, si = ' if,' not ' whether.' 
 Cf. Ter. Eun. 529, dicat quid vult. On the sense of mordet, cf. 
 aqua denies habet, 42, 2. — aediles male eveniat : ' confound the 
 aediles'; the ace. for dat. With this cf. Wilmanns, Exemp. 
 Inscrip. 252, di vos bene faciant; cf. also the preceding inscription. 
 
 — serva me : cf. 45, 43 ; ama me amabo te is found inscribed on 
 ancient Roman rings. — populus minutus : Ital. minutaglia ; 
 cf. Phaedr. iv. 6, 13, minuta plebes. — isti . . . maxillae : synesis, 
 as in 1. 10 below. — simila si siligine : '■ if the flour were infe- 
 rior to (= not made of) the finest wheat.' Cf Crit. Appendix. 
 
 — percolopabant : 'used to give them such a trouncing that 
 Jupiter himself seemed utterly to have forsaken them.' On 
 the form, cf Introd. p. xxxiii. On iratus cf. 58, 21; 62, 35. — 
 piper non homo : in southern Italy it is said of a man who is 
 remarkable for quickness of thought and action that e tuito di 
 pepe. — amicus amico : c/. 43, 10. — in tenebris micare : to 
 count fingers in the dark with a companion was the proverbial 
 indication of confidence ; cf Cic. De off. iii. 19, 77, and De 
 fin. ii. 16, 52. In the game, called mora, here alluded to, each 
 player quickly placed before his opponent's face at the same 
 moment a certain number of his fingers which the other was to 
 guess. — pilabat : 'how he singed (lit. plucked) them one by 
 one,' i.e.. 'how he made things hum.' Vel tractabat is a gloss 
 explaining /)?7a&af and is out of place in the text. Cf. 43, 11. — 
 schemas : Introd. p. xxxv ; so even Sueton. Tiber. 43, exemplar 
 imperatae scJiemae. This metaplastic form is commoner in the 
 early comedy ; so in Plant. Miles, 148, glaucoma is of the 1st decl. 
 
 — Asiadis : the Asiatic style of oratory was florid and abounded 
 in figures and rhetorical display ; its chief representative at 
 Rome was Hortensius ; cf Cic. Brutus, 95. — nomina omnium 
 reddere : like the modern voter, the populus minutus of classi- 
 cal Rome was pleased to have the great public men call them 
 familiarly by name; cf Friedl. Sitteng. i. 385. — pro luto erat : 
 'was dirt-cheap': cf 51, 11 and 67, 30. In True. 556 Plant, 
 has bona sua pro stercore habet ; cf. Poen.,.15S non lutumst lutu- 
 
90 NOTES. CHAP. 44, LINES 23-36. 
 
 leniius. — oculum bublum : Introd. p. xxxiii, B, -3. Charred 
 remains of baker's bread have been found in Pompeii ; the 
 form was usually round. Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, pp. 96 and 
 378. Baumeister, Denk. Class. Alterth. p. 24.5. — retroversus 
 crescit : this applies to Cumae as one of the numerous feeble 
 military colonies of Rome ; cf. Juv. 3, lines 3 and 322. — coda 
 vituli : so Merchant of Venice, ii. 2 : 
 
 Gobbo : What a beard hast thou got ! thou hast got more hair 
 on thy chin than Dobbin my fill-horse has on his tail. 
 
 Launcelot : It should seem then that Dobbin's tail grows back- 
 ward : I am sure he had more hair on his tail than I have on my 
 face when I last saw him. 
 
 Nos habemus : Introd. p. xxxvi, B. — domi gaudet : = in 
 
 sinii gaudet, 'he laughs in his sleeve.' — alter patrimonium 
 habet: alter = alius ; the Fr. autre comes from this supplanter 
 of alius. — denarios aureos : cf. 33, 8. — coleos haberemus : 
 cf. Ov. Her. 16, 291, si sint vires in semine avorum; Pers. 
 1, 103, si testiculi vena ulla paterni \ viveret in nobis. — popu- 
 lus . . . leones : a Greek prov. ; cf. Aristoph. Peace, 1189, 
 6vr€<i OLKOL fxkv Ae'oi/re?, ev fJf-o-XU ^' aA.(07r€/<es. Populus means 
 * the citizens,' as a corporate body; it is common in this 
 sense in municipal ordinances, cf. Wilmanns, Exemp. Inscrip. 
 Indices, pp. 612, 701. — f oras : Introd. p. xxxviii, 5. — fruni- 
 scar : ' so help me Heaven to enjoy myself and mine.' On the 
 case of meos cf. Introd. p. xxxvi, A ; Drager, I. p. 569 ; so 
 Plant. Rud. 1012, malum fruniscei nil potes. This form of 
 the verb is frequent in inscrip., cf. C.I.L. IV. 2953 ; V. 7453 ; 
 VIII. 9519 and 19606 — diibus : = diis, a frequent form in in- 
 scrip. ; cf. C.I.L. II. 325. — ieiunium : cf. Aquaelicium in Smith's 
 Diet. Antiq.^ p. 156; Harpers', p. 106. There still survives an 
 old Athenian prayer for rain : 
 
 V(TOv vaov & (piXe ZeO 
 Kara rijs dpovpas 
 TTJs ' Adrivaiojv 
 Kal tCjv Trediojv. 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 44, LINE 37; CHAP. 45, LINE 2. 91 
 
 Norden, Kunst-Prosa, I. 46, See also Morgan, Rain-Gods and 
 Rain- Charms ; Transactions Am. Philol. Association, xxxii. pp. 
 100 ff. — opertis oculis : ' with eyes shut to every other inter- 
 est,' cf. Juv. 6, 433. — stolatas : an honorable description of the 
 matrons; so femina stolata, C.I.L. III. 5225. Livia was, however, 
 dubbed a Ulysses stolatus (a Ulysses in petticoats) on account of 
 her cunning; Suet. Calig. 23. — in clivum : to the temple of 
 Jupiter ; municipalities were patterned after Rome in many 
 ways ; especially by remodelling the citadel into a Clivus Capi- 
 tolinus ; at Falerium there was even a via sacra. — plovebat: 
 Introd. p. xxxiii, A, 3 ; analogous to fuvit, = fuit. — udi tam- 
 quam mures : probably masc. because the populace joined in 
 the procession. Note how frequently Ganymedes employs simi- 
 les. — pedes lanatos : ' that's why the gods are so slow in getting 
 after us.' The sense is, however, obscure. Martial, i. 98, says 
 of a man who finds it hard to part with his money that he 
 suffers from cheragra. Porphyrion on Horace, Odes, iii. 2, 31, 
 pede poena claudo, says hoc proximum est illi quod dicitur decs 
 iratos pedes lanatos habere. 
 
 45. centonarius : a maker of rag covers used in smothering 
 dangerous fire^s. In the imperial period, ccntonarii, with fahri 
 and other craftsmen, formed respectable collegia. Centonarius 
 is the title of a mime of Laberius ; if we supply mimus, we might 
 compare this with mimus laserpiciarius 35, 15, and understand 
 that Echion was an actor in a mime in which a cento figured. 
 — oro melius loquere : parataxis, cf. Introd. p. xli. Donatus 
 on Ter. Andria 201, bona verba quaeso, says that this is a euphe- 
 mistic phrase; quasi dicat ^ meliora loquere rogo te' ; the sense is 
 that of melius ominare. — modo sic, modo sic: 'now it's one 
 way and now it's another, as the farmer said,' etc. Sam Weller 
 is famous for similar comparisons ; cf., e.g., * All good feelin', 
 sir . . . the wery best intentions, as the genlm'n said ven he 
 run away from his wife, 'cos she seemed unhappy with him,' 
 replied Mr. Weller ; so deus miserere animabus, dixit Oswald 
 
92 NOTES. CHAP. 45, LINES 4-17. 
 
 cadens in terram; see Otto, Sprichioorter, p. xxx. — dici potest: 
 for the less lively dici posset. — laborat hoc tempore : proba- 
 bly from financial straits. Municipalities in Hadrian's time 
 became so involved in debt on account of reckless and extrava- 
 gant building, that their fiscal management had to be under- 
 taken by the Roman senate. This may partially explain the 
 hard times alluded to; cf. also 1. 8 in the following chapter. 
 
 -^ caelus : Introd. p. xxxv, C ; the appearance of similar masc. 
 forms for the neuter, dates early ; Ennius has undantem salem, 
 fretum omnem; they are also found in inscriptions. — et ecce : 
 Introd. p. xxxvii, D, 1 ; on excellenie, cf. Introd. p. xxxv, B. Ou 
 such a festive triduum as is here mentioned, see Friedl. Sitteng. ii. 
 424. Festa hints not only at the spectaculum, but also at the epu- 
 lum and the divisiones. — lanisticia . . . liberti : 'no mere training 
 class, but most of them past masters in the art.' Libertus is the 
 gladiator who has been rude donatus and reappears in the arena 
 on his own accord ; this sense of the word is shown by gladiato- 
 rial inscriptions with the abbreviation lib. or libr.; C.I.L. XTI. 
 3324 ; VI. 10180. A Pompeian inscription records that after eight 
 contests a certain gladiator was made libertus. Rich munici- 
 pales frequently made a present of gladiatorial shows to their 
 fellow-citizens ; cf. Suet. Tiber. 37 ; Mart. iii. 59 ; Orelli, 2.345. 
 
 — caldicerebrius : in the words of Portia, ' his hot temper leaps 
 o'er a cold decree.' — sine f uga : ' he will give us a fine show of 
 steel, with good fighting to the death.' — et habet unde : il a de 
 quoi: cf Ter. Adelph. 122, est unde haecfant. — sestertium tri- 
 centies : Trim. 71, 45, hopes to leave an estate as large as this; 
 he had once lost as much by a shipwreck ; in a successful voyage 
 he had made ten million, and he might have married that much 
 more; cf. 74, 38; 76, 9 and 18. — quadringenta impendat : 
 over twenty thousand dollars ; the amount spent on the games 
 was sometimes enormous. Milo spent so much that the people 
 deemed him crazy; cf Cic. Ad Quint, frat. iii. 9, 2; Friedl. 
 Sitteng. ii. 307. — Manios : explained as the debased use of the 
 praenomen Manius, like the Eng. 'Johnny,' 'Jack,' 'hodge,' or 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 45, LIXES 17-37. 93 
 
 the Ger. hdnse. — essedariam : cf. Tac. Annal. xiv. 35, Bouduica, 
 curru Jilios prae se vehens . . . solitum quidem Brlttanis feminarum 
 ductu bellare testabatur ; this was 61 a.d. Cf. also Mau-Kelsey, 
 Pompeii, p. 217, also pp. 213-220, on gladiatorial shows in Pom- 
 peii. — delectaretur : Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 3. — rixam: in C.I.L. 
 X. 1948, we have the cry of a dying gladiator, addressed to the 
 audience: post praemia rixulasque vestras. — ad bestias dedit : 
 such punishment was regulated by law; Mau-Kelsey, p. 213. 
 On fighting with wild animals, cf. Mart. ii. 14, 18 (a bull) ; i. 
 43, 14 (a wild boar). — stratum caedit : 'who cannot beat the 
 mule, whacks the saddle.' — filicem: 'truck'; contemptuous for 
 filiam. — coliibra restem ndn parit : the apple does not fall far 
 from its tree. — dedit suas : 'has fouled his own nest'; suas 
 refers first to the wife, then to all the women of his household 
 generally, and thus to the household itself. — stigmam : Introd. 
 p. XXXV, A, 1. Greek neuters in -a easily became first decl. fem. 
 in Latin, since the latter had no neuters in -a. — quod . . . 
 epulum daturus : Introd. p. xliii. Such divisiones and epula as 
 are here mentioned are abundantly attested by inscriptions ; 
 cf. the Indices in Wilmanns, Exemp. Inscrip. p. 664; C.I.L. X. 
 pp. 1181-1183; XIV. p. 596; Plin. Ad Traj. 116 f. — mihi et 
 meis : these latter are the augustales, who were commonly re- 
 membered in the divisiones by a gift of two denarii, or the mem- 
 bers of the collegium centonariorum to which Echion belonged. 
 
 — vinciturum : Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 1, possibly a plebeian form 
 developed in order to distinguish vinco from vivo in the third 
 stem. The reference is to the next election of duumvirs and 
 aediles. — bestiarios : at best but poor fighters and not equal to 
 the venatores. — occidit . . . equites: 'he had mounted fight- 
 ers kill each other who Were no better than lamp figurines.' 
 Fighting scenes were frequently represented on the lamps placed 
 in the graves of gladiators ; lamps have also been found shaped 
 like a gladiator's helmet. — burdubasta : literally, 'an ass's 
 burden,' hence, 'a dummy'; probably from burdus = burdo and 
 *basium, seen in basterna, 'litter.' — tertiarius : 'and the bye [the 
 
94 NOTES. CHAP. 45, LINE 39; CHAP. 46, LINE 11. 
 
 contestant who sat waiting to fight the victor of the firs#round] 
 was as good as dead/ The usual word is supposidcius, as in 
 C.I.L. IV. 1179, gladiatorum paria XXX et eo{rum) supp{osiiicios)\ 
 Mart. V. 24, 8. Cf. C.G.L. II. 320, 59. — ad dictata : ' by rote ' ; 
 often the spectators shouted the thrusts and guards (the dictata) 
 to the fighters, and sometimes to their advantage, as spectators 
 do at ball games to-day. — ad summam: cf. Introd. p. xl, E, 5; 
 Hand. Turgellinus, iii. 261. — adhibete : • give it to them ' ; 
 sc. virgas ferrwnque. This is the cry of impatience from the 
 audience when the fighting is weak. — fugae merae : 'every one 
 of them nothing but quitters'; Introd. p. xl, E, 4. — manus 
 manum lavat : a Greek proverb, a Be x^tp tyjv x^'i^P"- ^^C^'- 
 
 46. argutat : Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 3. Agamemnon, being a 
 man of better manners, had remained quiet, although he could 
 talk charmingly {qui poles loqui, next line). — fasciae : 'you 
 don't wear our colors '; don't belong to our set. — pauperorum : 
 2d decl. forms of pauper occur from the time of Plant, through 
 the fourth century a.d., in literature and inscriptions; Ronsch, 
 Itala und Vidgnta, p. 275.— prae literas : cf. 39, 29. — quid ergo 
 est: cf. 30, 30; 39, 7. — te persuadeam : this construction of 
 the ace. with persuadeo is found only in Petr. and Apuleius ; cf. 
 62, 2 ; 44, 5 and 34 ; cf. Drager, Hist. Synt. I. 405. — belle erit : 
 cf. 42, 19. — dispare pallavit : 'set everything to growing out 
 of season.' Dispare = dispariter ; N"eue, Formenl. II. 587. Pal- 
 lavit is explained as a corruption of pulavit used in a causative 
 sense. Echion felt "how many things by season seasoned are | 
 to their right praise and true perfection," though the present 
 times seemed to be out of joint. — cicaro : ' my youngster ' ; so 
 71, 35 ; Trim., however, has no children. The word is probably 
 a derivative of endearment, from cicw or ciccum : so Pollio from 
 Paulus, or MtKKuAtW from /xiKpoq. — quattuor partes : i.e., he 
 can tell the one-fourth, one-half, three-fourths, of any number 
 divisible by four ; he knows his table of fours ; cf. also 58, 23 ; 
 75, 9. — servulum : not really ; he speaks as one who had once 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 46, LINE 14; CHAP. 47, LINE 5. 95 
 
 been a servus himself. He means parvulus or puerulus. — dixi 
 quod : cf. 45, 30, and Gildersleeve-Lodge, Latin Grammar, 525, 7. 
 
 — Graeculis calcem impiugit : ' he makes a good foundation in 
 Greek ' ; this being his mother tongue. He is also pursuing the 
 study of the universally spoken Latin with fair results. — sibi 
 placens : ' self-complacent ' ; cf. 44, 30 ; Heraeus, Sprache des 
 Petron. p. 32. — venit dem literas = venit petens ut tradam quod 
 littens consignet, since he is employed as a grammalista and lihra- 
 rius ad manum. — libra rubricata : ' law books.' Llbriim is for 
 liber; perhaps the Greek neut. jSl/SXlov is in tke speaker's sub- 
 consciousness. The neuter occurs in glossaries; cf. C.G.L. VI. 
 640. The scholiast on Persius, 5, 90, says, rubricam vacant 
 minium quo tituli legum annotabantur ; hence in the Digests, sub 
 rubrica = sub titulo. — domusionem : 'for home use'; cf. 48, 9. 
 
 — tonstreinum : - the barber's trade ' ; strictly, ' the barber's 
 shop ' ; but the two senses w^ere easily confused. So sutrinum and 
 textrinum denote either the shop or the trade of the shoemaker 
 or the weaver, respectively. That we have two concrete words 
 following is explained by the fact that the words denoting the 
 respective professions did not exist ; cf. Mart. v. 56, 9, discat 
 citharoedus, 'learn to become a player'; so Xen. Mem. iv. 4, 5, 
 eStSa^aro avTov aKVTm. On the dignity of the lawyer's profes- 
 sion, cf. Friedl. Sitteng. i. 326. — Phileronem : plebeian form 
 for Philerotem: Introd. p. xxxv, B ; cf. 63, 2. This is, of course, 
 not the guest named in 43, 1 ; the causidicus is plainly mentioned 
 as being absent. — Norbanum : cf. 45, 32 ; evidently one of 
 the most prominent honoratiores and office-seekers of the town. 
 
 — thesaurum : this neut. form for thesaurus occurs in church 
 Latin and in glossaries. " Though learning is a treasure, still a 
 trade's a good thing." 
 
 47. nee medici se inveniunt : ' can't find themselves,' ' are 
 fazed ' ; a colloquialism of Petr.'s time ; cf Sen. De Benef. v. 12, 
 and Controvers. iii. praefat. 13, vix se invenient. — taeda ex 
 
96 NOTES. CHAP. 47, LINE 5; CHAP. 48, LINE 5. 
 
 aceto : probably not unlike modern Greek resin ated wine in 
 taste, though probably gummy, since it was also good for tooth- 
 ache; cf. Plin. Nat. Hist. xxiv. 41. — spero . . . imponet : para- 
 taxis; Introd. p. xli, F. — putes : Introd. p. xliii, {d). — sua re 
 facere : ' to consult his welfare '; perhaps comparable with Plaut. 
 Capt. 296, tua {ex) re feceris. — pudeatur : Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 2. 
 
 — continere : cf. Suet. Claud. 32. — lovis : Introd. p. xxxv, B ; 
 a popular form in early and late Latin. — vetuo : Introd. p. xxxiii, 
 B, 4 ; as metui comes from metuo, so vetui was popularly referred 
 to a pres. vetuo ; Heraeus, Sprache des Petr. p. 39. — minutalia : 
 in apposition with cetera; 'and other things that may be neces- 
 sary.' What these are is hinted at in an old glossary; cf. C.G.L. 
 V. 621, 26, = VI. 701 ; Heraeus, Sprache, p. 9. — clivo laborare : 
 i.e., 'that we had not yet reached the top of the hill'; a Latin 
 proverb, reappearing in Sen. Epis. xxxi. 4, clivum istum uno, 
 si potes, spiritu exsupera. — petauristarios : it was a common 
 thing in Rome to see rope-dancers, fakirs with their trained 
 animals, Marsian snake-eaters and charmers, surrounded by 
 crowds (circuli) of spectators ; cf. Mart. i. 41, 7. — fieri : 
 Introd. p. xl, E, 1; so faciimt, next line. — penthiacum : 'beef 
 a la mode,' stuck through and through with pork, as Pentheus 
 was stabbed by the Maenads. That the meat is beef is 
 shown from 1. 77 of Vespa, Judicium coci, Anthol. Lat. (ed. 
 Riese) I. p. 169, est et mihi de hove Pentheus. — decuria: when- 
 ever any division of slaves became numerous, it was divided 
 into decuriae, supervised by decuriones or monitores. — domi 
 natus = vernaculus ; so home-raised bees are vernaculae, 38, 7. 
 
 48. vinum . . . mutabo : the wine he had served yesterday 
 was poor ; cf. 34, 23. — bonum faciatis : ' relish ' ; cf. 39, .5. — 
 ad salivam facit : ' makes your mouth water ' ; so Sen. Epist. 
 Ixxix, 7, Aetna tibi salivam movet.^ego . . . novi : the pron. 
 used for contrast, hence not redundant. — Tarraciniensibus : 
 the epenthesis of i after n due to popular misspelling ; so C.I.L. 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 48, LINES 6-24. 97 
 
 « 
 
 IV. 128, salinienses ; XT. 1421, amen.ses. — agellis : the diminu- 
 tive of endearment increases the sense of personal rehition, 
 interest, or possession ; agellis therefore = meis ipsius agris ; 
 cf. misella, 63, 8, and audaculum, 63, 12. — Africam : Introd. 
 p. xxxviii, E, 1 ; so Plant. Poen. 831, quasi Acheruntem veneris. 
 
 — declamasti : parataxis ; the impv. is little more than an 
 interj. For the training of their scholars, rhetoricians had 
 two kinds of exercises, suasoriae and controversiae ; cf. Friedl. 
 Sitteng. iii. 389. A number composed by Seneca still survive. 
 
 — fastiditum : Introd. p. xxxviJL E, 3. — peristasim : 'the 
 facts in the case ' ; cf. Liddell & Scott, under v7r60eaL<i and 
 TrepLO-Taat^, also Quint. Institut. v. 10, 104. — pauper et dives : 
 a popular theme in controversiae; cf. Sen. Controv. ii. 1; v. 2. 
 
 — pollicem porcino extorsit : ' twisted his thumb off for him 
 after he had been changed into a pig.' Trim, has a shadowy 
 and very confused recollection of Ulysses' meeting with Poly- 
 phemus and Circe. In chap. 50 he shows a similarly hopeless 
 confusion. — apud Homerum : he had done this in the ludus 
 grammaticus. — nam Sibyllam : ' (and I know a great deal 
 more than what is found in Homer) for,' etc. ; on the ellipsis, 
 cf. 38, 9. — SiPvXXa ti Ge'Xeis : Varro names ten sibyls ; this 
 number indicates that the oracles, comprising the so-called Sibyl- 
 line books, were gathered from very many sources. That the 
 Cumaean sibvl was so famed is accounted for bv the fact that 
 Cumae was settled from Asia Minor, whence the oldest oracles 
 came. She owes mainly to the Aeneid her prominence in the 
 art of the Renaissance. Because her oracles are immortal, she 
 is immortal also, though longing to die ; cf. Propert. ii. 2, 16, 
 etsi Cumaeae saecula vatis aget ; Mart. ix. 29, 3. In Petr. the 
 sibyl is conceived as shrivelled up to the size of a grasshopper, 
 like Tithonus, else she would not be in an ampulla; cf James, 
 Class. Rev. vi. 74. Portia, in the Merchant of Venice, i. 2, 
 says, "If I live to be as old as Sibylla, I will die as chaste 
 as Diana unless I be obtained by the manner of my father's 
 will." On Cumis, cf Introd. p. xix, n. 7. 
 
98 NOTES. CHAP. 49, LINE 1, TO CHAP. 51, LINE 2. 
 
 49. efilaverat : ' he had not yet finished blowing.' The 
 common sense is 'to expire,' or 'say with one's dying breath'; 
 so Florus, ii. 17, 7 (ed. Jahn), verum est quod moriens Brutus 
 efflavit. — paulo ante fuerat : the live pig of 47, 32. This is 
 the third course of the cena proper. — voca ... in medio = 
 in medium ; cf. the converse fui in funus, 42, .5. — despolia : 
 'strip him.' The cloak-room in the amphitheatre and the 
 baths was called spoliarium. — solet fieri : the time-honored 
 plea of the apologist ; cf. Sen. Controv. ii. 12, 10, nihil peccaverat, 
 amat meretricem : solet fieri. So Donatus on Ter. Phorm. 245, 
 quod a precatorihus did solebat, hoc dicit : communia esse, et fieri 
 posse. 
 
 50. automatum : ' surprise ' ; in 54, 15 it means an actual 
 mechanism involving a surprise. — Gaio : cf. note on C. noster, 
 30, 12. — Corinthea = Corinthia, but is formed like an adj. of 
 material. Trim, means that his bronzes are of that lump into 
 which Corinth with all its metals w' as melted up ; at the same 
 time the bronze dealer of whom he buys is named Corinth. 
 The pun is weak and is based on a confusion of Corinth us, 
 the city, with Corinthus, an aerarius. — statuncula : Iiitrod. 
 p. xxxvi, C, 2 ; the diminutive of statua is found in all genders ; 
 the neut. is due to the influence of signum (statue), the general 
 word with which statuncula would be associated in sense. The 
 neut. form may also be accounted for by the fact that Greek 
 diminutives are as a rule neut. Trim, had used Greek from his 
 boyhood. — certe non olunt : Corinthian bronzes had a peculiar 
 odor which served as evidence of their genuineness ; cf. Mart. 
 ix. 59, 11, Consuluit nares an olerent aera Corinthon. 
 
 51. Caesarem = ad Caesarem. Such an omission of the prep, 
 before the name of a person is rare. This Caesar is probably 
 Tiberius. Plin., Nat. Hist, xxxvi. 195, states that the discov- 
 ery of a malleable glass was made in his reign, and that the 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 51, LINE 3; CHAP. 52, LINE 5. 99 
 
 inventor's factory was destroyed lest such' glass take the place 
 of the precious metals and cause their decline. He, however, 
 discredits the story. Dio Cassius, Ivii. 21, tells of an engineer 
 who righted a porticus which leaned out of the true line, and 
 was banished, in consequence, as an uncanny wizard. In 
 pleading before the Emperor to be allowed to return, he 
 dropped a glass cup, which did not break but was merely 
 bruised by the fall. He repaired the dent with his fingers and 
 hoped such skill would win the Emperor's favor. He was, 
 however, put to death. — fecit se porrigere : 'he made as 
 though to offer,' — non pote valdius quam = quam valdissime 
 poterat : 'Caesar was most mightily scared'; literally, '(it was) 
 not possible (to be) more mightily (scared) than Caesar was.' 
 — vasum : In trod. p. xxxv. A, 4. — martiolum : ' hammer ' ; cf. 
 the name of the conqueror at Poitiers, Charles Marlel. Marcus 
 = 'large hammer'; hence the dimin. jnarculus, martellus. From 
 these came the second dimin. mai-tiolus ; = Fr. marteau, Sp. )nnr- 
 tillo. — solium lovis : 'the seventh heaven'; cf. 37, 8; so Hor. 
 Epist. i. 17, 3-1, res gerere et captos ostendere civihus hostes \ attingit 
 solium lovis et caelestia tentat. — quia enim : Introd. p. xxxvii, 
 D, 3. — pro luto : cf. 44, 22. 
 
 52, in argento = in argentum ; cf 46, 13. Silver plate is 
 meant, with which the wealthy Romans loaded their tables ; cf. 
 Friedl. Sitteng. iii. 122. — scyphos urnales : these were huge; 
 an urna = about 22 pints. — plus minus C: -a hundred more 
 or less.' This asyndeton is found in glosses, cf. C.G.L. VI. 
 under fei-yne and circiter ; also in inscriptions (C.I.L. III. 3980) 
 and in literature ; cf. Stat. Silv. iv. 9, 22, emptum plus minus 
 asse Caiano. — Cassandra: '(and one I prize very highly 
 which has the scene showing) how,' etc.; Medea is of course 
 meant. — mortui . . . vivere : this is up to the level of Trim. 's 
 punning ; on the lifelikeness, cf Ov. JMetam. x. 250. virginis est 
 verae fades ut vivere credas. — ubi Daedalus Niobam: '(and 
 on one is shown the scene) where,' etc. : he probably means the 
 
100 NOTES. CHAP. 52, LINE 6; CHAP. 53, LINE 2. 
 
 thrusting of Pasiphae into the wooden cow. Mummius may 
 possibly have been suggested to the befuddled mind of Trim, 
 by the allusions above to Corinthian bronze, though he is now 
 talking about silverware. — nam Hermerotis : cf. nam, 38, 9 ; 
 on this combination of mythological and gladiatorial scenes, cf. 
 29, 21. Pompeian graffiti have been found referring to gladia- 
 tors and giving the names Prudes and Tetraites. These same 
 names have been found in gladiatorial scenes on old Roman 
 glass vessels found in other parts of Europe, with a variant 
 Petrahes or Petraeites. — meum intelligere : 'my knowledge'; 
 so Pers. 1, 122, ?ioc ridere meum; cf. Conington's note, and 
 Wolfflin, Archiv, iii. 75. — tamquam ego tibi : the idea being, 
 ' you are your own enemy.' — tandem ergo : the breaks in the 
 lines give some suggestion of how greatly the original has 
 been condensed by the epitomator. — cordacem . . . ducit = 
 KopSaKa €Xkv€lv: for a woman this was of course extremely 
 indecent. Dancing at any time, excepting on the stage and at 
 religious ceremonies, was offensive to the Roman ; hence Cic, 
 Pro Mur. 6, says nemo fere saltat sohrius, nisi forte insanit. — 
 madeia, perimadeia: Trim, himself goes through this genuine 
 tarantella, while the slaves keep time with the refrain, which 
 seems to mean ' (well done) by Zeus, oh yea by Zeus.' The 
 words are possibly Greek, /xa Ata Trepl fxa Ata, and from some 
 song of a dithyrambic character. Trim, intends a pantomimic 
 performance, acting out the text, and the slaves taking the part 
 of the chorus and singing the text. That it is in Greek is not 
 surprising ; such pantomimic texts were frequently heard even 
 on the Roman stage; Harpers' Diet. Class. Antiq., p. 1168. 
 
 53. urbis acta : possibly in imitation of the journals of the 
 imperial house (^ephemerides ; cf. Suet. Aug. c. 64) or of the acta 
 urbis Romae. It was, however, a necessity that Trim, as master 
 of a large property should have regular reports made, whether 
 he imitates the imperial custom or not. — VII, Kal. Sex. : the 
 date up to which the report for the first six months of the pre- 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 53, LINE 10; CHAP. 5'4, LINE 1. lOl 
 
 ceding year is brought. It has been deliayed ' dnri'ng July ih' 
 preparation, and is now read fully six months after being made 
 up. There has been a still longer delay in submitting the 
 ledger account, rationes, containing inter alia his purchase of 
 Pompeian gardens. So vast are Trim.'s transactions that the 
 actuai-ius does not hesitate to say it is hardly time to expect a 
 report on what he claims is so recent a matter. To Trim, it 
 does not seem so ; hence excanduit below. — Pompeiauis : since 
 Trim's gentile name is Pompeius, derived from his last owner, 
 these horti may have belonged to this last owner until bought 
 or inherited by Trim., and may thus derive their name ; it is 
 possible, however, that they lay near Pompeii, and the name is 
 thus derived. — cum elogio exheredabatur : ' disinherited 
 with honorable mention.' It was onlv by the courtesv of the 
 master that a slave could make a will. Masters usually in- 
 herited something from the libertus, whether by will or not, 
 unless they had given a release lihertatis causa during the life of 
 the libertus. — baro : here and in 63, 17, ' an athlete ' ; it is the 
 Eng. 'baron.' It is explained as meaning lit. a man corpora 
 robore ferox, or corporis robore stolide ferox. It then passes over 
 into the sense of proceres, ' vassals,' in which it is employed in 
 documents of Charles the Bald, 8.50 a.d. — odaria saltare : 
 ' to give a song-and-dance performance ' ; like the old Latin 
 Atellanae or a modern vaudeville number. Ovid in his exile 
 was pleased to know that his poems were often " danced " in 
 the theatre and received with applause. Tristia, ii. 519. — 
 nam: cf. 52, 6. — Atellaniam facers: this would be employ- 
 ing a first-rate troupe for second-rate shows. Good plays, in 
 Trim.'s time, were not sufficiently attractive and well patronized 
 to hold their place on the stage. The public taste was low. 
 Cf. Friedl. Sitteng. ii. 443. 
 
 54. haec dicente Gaio : 'just at the moment Gains was 
 thus speaking the boy fell from above (upon the shoulder) of 
 Trimalchio.' Gaio is plainly corrupt if it refers to Trim., for 
 
o c " f r 
 
 102 NOTES. CHAP. 54, LINE 3; CHAP. 55, LINE 15. 
 
 
 the name immediately follows by which Encolpiiis always men- 
 tions him. — hominem tarn putidum : ' so disagreeable a being ' ; 
 the boy, not Trim. ; cf. 34, 15. In 73, 7, however, Encolpius 
 speaks of Trim.'s iactatio as putidissima. — alienum mortuum : 
 * have somebody's funeral on their hands ' ; the expression 
 seems part of a proverb. — nam: cf. nam, 52, 6. — pessime 
 erat : ' I had a very uncomfortable feeling ' ; cf. Introd. p. 
 xxxvii, C. — catastropha : ' a stage trick ' ; the w^ord occurs 
 only in Petron. and maybe a theatrical term; cf. Collignon, 
 Etude sur Petrone, p. 276. 
 
 55. In praecipiti : ' how sudden a shift there is in human 
 affairs.' The phrase is used with reference to the headlong 
 descent of the tumbler. Cf, however, Juv. 1, 147, omne in prae- 
 cipiti vitium stetit, which shows that the phrase has also a 
 general sense. — ita : ' really ' ; frequent in this sense at the be- 
 ginning of a sentence ; cf. 75, 12. — ex transverse: ' the un- 
 expected always happens ' ; so Plaut. Trin. 361 ; multa eveniunt 
 homini, quae volt, quae nevolt. Cf. with the epigram in 34, 30, 
 on the pentameter preceded by two hexameters. — Mopsum 
 Thracem : this poet belongs in the same category with the 
 Trojan Hannibal. The epitomator seems to have put the entire 
 account of the poetarum mentio into a single condensed sentence 
 of his own. — On Publilius [Syrus], cf Teuffel, Hist. Rom. 
 Lit., § 212, 3. The following lines are generally considered to 
 be an imitation by Trim, in the style of the poet. Ribbeck, 
 however, prints them among the fragments of Publilius in his 
 Scaen. Roman. Poesis Frag., II. 303. Publilius was chiefly an 
 actor and improvisatore, hence only stage copies of his plays 
 were in circulation. Of his plays we have only the names of 
 two. The metre which follows is the ^enariu^ ; Gildersleeve- 
 Lodge, Latin Grammar, 761. The poem is of such marked vigor 
 and excellence in choice of words and in alliteration that it 
 reveals the skill of the actual Petronius behind his dummy 
 Trimalchio. — tuo palato : ' is cooped up and raised for thy 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 65, LINE 19; CHAP. 56, LINE 18. 103 
 
 palate, clad in its plumage of royal gold.' The Xumidian 
 pheasant is the afra avis of Hor. Epod. ii. 53. — pietaticultrix : 
 'haunter of temples.' — Titulus : ' harbinger of spring.' On the 
 stork as a bird for the table, cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 2, 49, tutus erat 
 rhombus tutoque ciconia nido. Here, however, it finds its final 
 nest in the stewing-kettle of a luxurious bon-viuant. — bacam 
 Indicam : sc. optas from below. Horace, Sat. ii. 3, 239, also 
 calls the pearl a baca — phaleris : pearls, corals, and precious 
 stones are conceived of as the ' trappings ' of luxury. — Carche- 
 donios : ' why dost thou covet the flash of oriental stones.* 
 Pliny writes in his Nat. Hist, xxxvii. 92, carbunculi a simili- 
 tudine ignium appellati. Horum genera Indici et Garamaniici^ 
 quos et Carchedonios vocavere propter opulentiam Carthaginis 
 magnae. 
 
 56. medicum et nummularium : concrete words for ab- 
 stract names of the professions ; so 46, 26. — anatinum ; like 
 goose-grease, it may have been good for colds. Cato, according 
 to Plut. Cat. Mai. 23, 6, frequently dosed his household with 
 duck's and hare's meat. — aes videt : the denarius had been 
 debased in Xero's time ; Mart. xii. 57, 8, hinc otiosus sordidam 
 quatit mensam Neroniana nummularius massa. — nam mutae : 
 ' (but not men alone lead toilsome lives) for the dumb,' etc. — 
 illae : cf. Introd. p. xxxvi, B. — ibi et acidum : ' every sweet has 
 its sour ' ; cf. Plant. Pseud. 63 ; Juv. 6, 181 (voluptas) plus aloes 
 quam mellis habet. — pittacia : the boy read what was upon the 
 cards, and gave each guest the corresponding apophoretum, which 
 was determined in each instance by a word-pun. This was a 
 popular diversion as early as the time of Augustus and is not 
 yet out of vogue ; cf. Friedl., Introd. to Mart. Apophoreta, and 
 ApopJi. xiii. 5. — argentum sceleratum : ' a silvered (s)ham ' : a 
 trinket resembling a ham {(TKeXL<i = ' leg ') is brought ; the pun is 
 on scEL-eratum. Corresponding to ar^re/i^um are silver acetabula; 
 cf. Heraeus, Sprache Petr., p. 12. — o21a collaris ; ' a piece of 
 meat off the neck.' — serisapia : this being word-punning, 
 
104 NOTES. CHAP. 56, LINE 20; CHAP. 57, LINE 12. 
 
 where the joke depends on the sound of the words, nothing is 
 effected by translation. Seri + sapia = xero + phagi ; seri and 
 xero sound alike, while sapio (' to taste ') suggests the Greek 
 root phag, ' to eat.' Contu + melia = contus (cuiii) melo. Note 
 that malum, ' apple,' could be pronounced melum, and that all 
 the romance derivatives show the e ; Archiv Lat. Lex. iii. 528; 
 vi. 438. — porri : this is the porrwn sectile (Friedl. ; Mart. iii. 
 47, 8); sectile is from seco ; Jlagello secare is a common phrase; 
 thus it is that porri suggests Jiagellum ; as joer-siCA does cultrum. 
 — canale : the sound suggests canis ; the sense of the latter sug- 
 gests lepus. Pedale suggests the sandal (solea) and this the fish 
 solea; cf. Plant. Cas. 495; Heraeus, Sprache, p. 13. — sexcenta : 
 ' thousands of others of this sort.' Indef. numeral. 
 
 57. discumbebat : this is the guest who explained the 
 'Carpe' pun; 36, 16; from 59, 2 it is seen that his name is 
 Hermeros. — vervex : a common term of reproach ; so Plant. 
 Merc. 567, Itane vero, verbex? intro eas ? cf. Juv. 10, 50, Verve- 
 cum in patria. These two chapters, in which Hermeros does 
 some severe scolding, are full of "bad names." — domini mei : 
 like ' boss ' or ' old man,' used by certain kinds of people to-day 
 in addressing or alluding to their superiors; cf. Friedl. Sitteng. 
 i. 443, Uber den Gehrauch der Anrede '•^domine" im gemeinen 
 Lehen. — tutelam . . . propitiam : 'so help me Heaven;' cf 
 44, 34, and 75, 6; In trod. p. xxxix, D, 2; the threatening lan- 
 guage continues to the end of the following chapter. On propi- 
 tiam, cf Wilmanns, Exemp. Inscrip., nos. 251 and 252. Tutela. = 
 genius ; cf 74, 36 and note on 37, 6. — cluxissem : ' shut off 
 his blatting nonsense' : pleb. for clusissem (= clausissejn), s and 
 x being interchangeable, as in serisapia = xerophagi, 56, 18. — 
 bellum pomum : sarcasm is added to vituperation and threats. 
 Rideatur ; Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 3. Neue, Formenlehre, II. 86. — 
 ad summam : here, as in chap. 37, where Hermeros was the 
 speaker, ad summam is a favorite phrase. So quid si non with 
 Seleucus, chap. 42 ; itaque with Ganymedes, chap. 44. — vermes 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 57, LINES ia-26. 105 
 
 nascuntur : 'under proper conditions anything will happen.* 
 On the speaker's ferocious temper, cf. 58, 12. — fetum . . . 
 lamna : ' did his father have to buy his precious kid with 
 money? ' On lamna = ' money,' cf. Mart. ix. 22, 6, aurea lamna ; 
 so Hor. Od. ii. 2, 2; cf. lamellulas, below, 1. 30 and 58, 25. — 
 eques Romanus : he had seen the gold rings on Ascyltus's 
 finger : in 58, 33 he contemptuously calls them annulos huxeos. 
 
 — homo inter homines: cf 39, 9 and Suet. Nero, 31, quasi 
 hominem habitare, where homo implies the dignity of manhood. 
 Hermeros probably had royal blood in his veins, if, like Trim., 
 he came from the Orient. To make his way in the world, he 
 sells himself into slavery at Kome and thus being attached to 
 to some influential Roman, he becomes at last a libertus, a civis 
 Romanus. To have remained at home in the conquered prov- 
 ince would have subjected him, as a tributarius. to the degrading 
 poll-tax, as it was levied throughout Egypt, Judea, and Persia. 
 As a slave, he had to do many things operto capite, now he can 
 walk anyw^here aperto capite and feel no shame. — redde quod 
 debes : he does not owe a red copper to anybody ; he has 
 never had a summons served on him; cf. Ovid, Ars Am. iii. 
 449, redde meum, toto voce boanti foro: so Sen. De Ben. iii. 14, 
 aequissima vox est, ius gentium prae se ferens, redde quod debes ; 
 St. Matt, xviii. 28, ' pay me that thou owest.' — ventres pasco: 
 having got a little cash on hand, he keeps up a goodly estab- 
 lishment; cf. Sen. Epis. 17,3, facile est pascere paucos ventres. — 
 sevir gratis: 'I was made commissioner of the Augustates with 
 rebate of fees.' Sevir and seviratus occur outside of Petronius 
 only in inscriptions, as in C.I.L. II. 1934. Cf Wilmanns, Indices. 
 On the functions of these men, cf note on 30, 8. — peduclum : 
 cf the circumstance which prompted Burns to write : 
 
 " O wad some power the giftie gie us 
 To see oursels as ithers see us ; 
 
 It wad frae mony a blunder free us an' foolish notion. 
 What airs in dress an' gait wad lea'e us an' ev'n devotion." 
 
106 NOTES. CHAP. 57, LINE 27; CHAP. 58, LINE 4. 
 
 YoY pediculum, whence Ital. pidocchio ; Span, piojo. Cic. writes, 
 Tusc. iii. 30, 73, est eiiim proprium stultitiae aliorum vitia cernere, 
 ohlivisci suorum. — ridiclei : Introd. p. xxxiii, B, 3. — maior 
 natus : Gildersleeve-Lodge, 296, 5; the usual numeral is 
 omitted. — lacticulosus : ^ a mamma's pet, you dare not say- 
 boo, you're cracked.' More scolding. On the form, cf. such 
 formations as somniculosus, meticulosus. With mu argutas, cf. 
 Lucilius (ed. Lachmann), 1138, non laudare hominem quenquam 
 nee mu facere unquam. In i. 6, 7, Propert. has the active, ilia 
 mihi tods argutat noctibus ignes. On lorus in aqua, cf. Mart. vii. 
 58, 3, madidoque simillima loro inguina. On vasus fctilis, cf. 
 Cic. Ad. Att. vi. 1, 13, vasis fictilibus. — iidem meaiu malo : 
 repeats 11. 19 and 20 ; the challenge is repeated in 58, 29. 
 
 — puer capillatus : so Ganymedes of himself, 44, 9 and 12, 
 and Trim, of himself, 75, 24. — basilica non erat facta : Introd. 
 p. XX, n. — maiiesto et dignitosso : 'majestful and dignifer- 
 ous ' ; a labored pompousness ; on the formation of dignitosso, 
 cf. succossi, 38, 13. Adj. in -osus from nouns in -ias are rare. — 
 hac iliac : asyndeton as in minus plus, 52, 2 ; cf. Ter. Heaut. 
 512. — genio illius gratias : 'thanks to his honor' ; cf. 37, 6. — 
 athla = perlcula : note the large number of Greek words and 
 forms which Hermeros employs in this and the following 
 chapter. 
 
 58. Qui ad pedes stabat: as pedisequus ; cf 26, 10; Giton 
 
 played the part not unwillingly ; he is the deliciae of Ascyltus. 
 It may, indeed, be that the Satirae was a love tale after the Mile- 
 sian style, with Giton taking the place of the usual heroine. 
 On the pedisequus, cf. Sent. Calig. 26, and Senec. De Benef. iii. 27, 
 1, servus qui cenanti ad pedes steterat; so Mart. xii. 87, and iii. 
 23. — caepa cirrata: 'you frizzled onion'; he was a curly- 
 headed youngster; hence below, 1. 18, 'those cheap baby locks.' 
 In Pers. i. 29, cirrati — ' schoolboys ' ; cf. Mart. ix. 29, 7, cirrata 
 caterva magistri. Again more scolding, sarcasm, bragging, and 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 58, LINES 5-20. 107 
 
 threats. — io Saturnalia: 'merry Christmas!' This, of course, 
 is more sarcasm. Cf. C.I.L. IV. 2005% with facsimile, reading 
 Saturnina \ Io Saturnalia; and Mart. xi. 2, 5, clamant ecce mei 
 ' Io Saturnalia ' versus | et licet et sub te praeside, Nerva, lihet. — 
 
 December est: cf. 30, 11. — vicesimam: the payment of 5% 
 of the slave's value, to be made by him or his master at manu- 
 mission. In 71, 6, Trim, promises a slave his liberty with a 
 present of the vicesima. — corvorum cibaria : cf. Hor. Epist. i. 
 16, 48; Sat. i, 3, 82; ii. 7, 47. — curabo : ut is regularly omitted 
 after euro in the Serm. Pleb. in the Cena; so in Cic. Ad fam. 
 ii. 8, 1; Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 38. — satur fiam: 'may I starve if I'm 
 not keeping cool just to oblige Trim.' — depresentiarum ; 'on 
 the spot'; cf 74, 44. The word belongs to the Sermo Pleb.; 
 for the usual impraesentiarum. We have this same plebeian 
 word in the Vulgate, Gen. 1. 20 ; Levit. viii. 34, = ' as it is 
 this day,' 'as he hath done this day,' — isti nugae : sc. sunt, 
 ' they are a poor lot.' So Cic. says of Pompey, that his friends 
 are merae nugae : Ad A it. vi. 3, 5. — qualis dominus • a Greek 
 proverb, ounrep r) hicnvotva, rota ■)(r] kvwv. Cic. gives the first part 
 in Ad Att. v. 11, 5. — caldicerebrius : cf, however, 57, 3 and 
 11. — in publicum: Introd. p. xxxviii, E, 3. — terrae tuber: 
 'toad-stool.' In southern Italy they still call a dullard tar-tufulo. 
 From this comes the Eng. 'truffles.' — nee sursum nee deor- 
 sum: 'I don't grow {i.e., may I not grow^) another inch up or 
 down,' etc. The redundant neg., and the inappropriateness of 
 deorsum, betray the hot anger of Hermeros. On the use of 
 sursum and deorsum together, cf. Ter. Eun. 278, ne sursum deor- 
 sum cursites. — rutae folium: cf note on 37, 19. — parsero : 
 Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 1, and Neue, Formenl. II. 368. Plant, prefers 
 this form of the perfect stem. — longe sit comula: so Caes. 
 Bell. Gall. i. 36, si id nan fecissent, longe iis fraternum nomen 
 pop. Rom. afuturum. — venies sub dentem : 'yes, yes, I'll chew 
 you up.' So Gellius, Noc. Att. vi. 9, 4, in quoting Laberius, 
 sitnvJ sub dentes mulieris veni bis, ter momordit. — barbam auream : 
 'though you be one of the gilded gods.' This interpretation is 
 
108 NOTES. CHAP. 58, LINES 21-28. 
 
 confirmed by Persiiis, 2, 58 ; Cic, Nat. Deor. iii. 34, says that 
 Dionysius Aesculupii Epidaurii barbam nuream demi iussit, since 
 it was not right for the son (Aesculapius) to have a beard when 
 the father was beardless in all his temples. — te XrjptiiSrj fecit : 
 * who (by his neglect) has made a babbler out of you.' This hits 
 Ascyltos and the remainder of Hermeros's scolding is directed 
 at him. — alogias menias : 'senseless follies.' — lapidarias lit- 
 eras : ' I can read capital letters on the stones.' Books, in 
 uncials or cursives, would be beyond him. The lapidary, or 
 stone cutter, is an opifex quadratarius ; hence his letters are 
 litterae quadratae. Hiibner, Exemp. Inscrip. p. xxiii, where this 
 passage is cited. — partes centum dico: 'I can give the hun- 
 dredth of any sum in asses, pounds, and sesterces.' He believes 
 he has elementary knowledge enough for practical business. 
 Like kings and nobles of mediaeval times, he leaves writing 
 and polite reading to men of books. The subdivision of the as 
 is important, since interest was probably indicated in terms of 
 the as, both it and the year being duodecimally divided. As a 
 man, he is naturally further advanced than Echion's son, 46, 10, 
 who quatuor partes dicit, or Trim.'s slave, 75, 9, qui decern partes 
 dicit, though this latter librum ab oculo legit. — ego et tu : sc. 
 faciamus. Hermeros wishes to bet that he can rout all of 
 Ascyltos's learning by a single question in the form of a riddle. 
 
 — qui de nobis longe venio : 'who of us am I who go far and 
 
 wide? Guess me if you can. I'll add more: who of us runs and 
 leaves not his place? who of us grows and yet becomes small?' 
 Biich. calls these three questions aenigmata de pede., oculo, capillo. 
 Friedl. quotes a doubtful and labored solution, taken from spin- 
 ning and weaving. The last two questions are a dialogue be- 
 tween the wool and the spindle, this latter continually spinning 
 on its axis, while the former is ever diminished on the distaff 
 and increased on the spindle. The first question has to do with 
 weaving single-colored cloths, the rhythm of the machine sug- 
 gesting that of the words. The same kind of yarn would be 
 used for woof and web. Thus the thread in the one says to 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 58, LINE 31; CHAP. 59, LINE 5. 109 
 
 that in the other, "I come long (m the web), T come wide (in 
 the woof), now take me off the machine." Pkitarch, Quaest. 
 Conviv. V. pref. 5., says that <f)opTLKol kol d^iAoAoyot indulge 
 in this form of amusement at table ; yet Trim., 39, 8, took it 
 to be ' philology.' — tanquam mus in matella : utter helpless- 
 ness ; so Plaut. Casin. 140, turn tu furcifer \ quasi mus in medio 
 pariete vorsahere. — molestare : rare even in church Latin, and 
 found in glosses only as a translation of evoxAeco. — qui te ua- 
 tum non putat: 'who isn't conscious of your existence.' Mart, 
 has this proverbial phrase in x. 27, Nemo tamen natum te, Dio- 
 dore, putat; viii. 64, Natum te, Clyte, nee semel putabo. So Sen. 
 Apocolocyntosis, 3, 2, nemo enim unquam ilium natum putavit. 
 Aristophanes, Wasps, 558, 05 l/x' ov8' av ^tuvr' vySetv. — nisi si: 
 of. note on 57, 14. — Occuponem : 'holy profit ! ' This is one of 
 those popular deities {indigitamenta), which Roman religion 
 could and did easily create, a help in trade and commerce, 
 whose presence and power were felt the more closely, as their 
 spheres became more specific. They were appealed to therefore 
 with all the greater faith. On the form of the name, cf. Incuho, 
 38, 16 and Cerdo, 60, 28. — hoc ferrum : Hermeros raises his 
 hand and flaunts his iron ring in the face of Ascyltus who, as a 
 Roman eques, wore a gold ring. He harps again, as above in 57, 
 19, on his business success and soundness. — ut populus iuret : 
 ' that people will swear by my funeral as the model one.' Cf. 
 the wish of Trim, in 78, 5. — toga perversa: -with your toga 
 all about your ears,' i.e., in wild disorder. — maiorem maledi- 
 cas : Introd. p. xxxvi, A. — mera mapalia : ' and their studies 
 are simple nonsense.' See Critical Appendix. 
 
 59. Suaviter sit potius : ' let's have things pleasant.' Cf. 
 75, 17; the combination suaviter esse occm's in early Lat. and 
 occasionally in inscriptions. — adulescentulo : Ascyltus. — san- 
 guen . . . fervet : cf. 57, 11. The form sanguen occurs in 
 early and in patristic Lat. ; Neue, Formenl. I. p. 243 ; Ronsch, 
 Itala, p. 272. — qui vincitur . . . vincit : so Publilius, 398 
 
110 NOTES. CHAP. 59, LINES 6-23. 
 
 (ed. Ribbeck), non vincitur sed vine It qui cedit suis ; Ovid, Art. 
 Am. ii. 197, cedendo victor abibis. Cf. Otto, Sprichworter, p. 
 371. — cocococo : the word expresses the rooster's crow; sc. 
 faciebas. The common verb is cucurro. — cor non habebas : 
 cor = judgment ; so Plant. Pseud. 769, tiunc corde consjAcio meo. 
 The double use of et tu shows that Trim, is acting as peace- ^ 
 maker. He says, "you, H., spare the young fellow, and thus 
 be the victor; as for you (Asc.) when you were an innocent 
 chick you crowed well," etc. — Homeristas : found but once 
 elsewhere. It appears in glosses among words pertaining to 
 the theatre ; these persons are therefore presumably actors, not 
 mere reciters, who give scenes in costume from Homer. — The 
 prelude hastis scuta cuncrepuit, suggests Iliad, iv. 447 ff., 
 
 (TjJv p €^a\ov pivoi/s aiiv 5' e7xea Kal fj.4v€ avbpdv 
 Xa^iceodujpi^Kuv, drap dcTTrides oixcpakbecrcTat 
 eir\T]VT' dWrjXrjai, iroXiis 5' dpvp.aydbs opcbpeiu. 
 
 So Livy, xxvii. 29, Exercitus gladiis ad scuta concrepuit. — 
 consedit : 'sat up.' — at insolenter solent : the paronomasia 
 produces a pun ; Cic. seems to attempt the same in De Tnven- 
 tione, i. 28, 43, natura eius evenire vulgo soleat an insolenter et 
 vara. What Trim, intoned from his Lat. book, as the Homer- 
 istae prepared for their performance, may have been some 
 parody upon a scene in the Trojan cycle ; possibly it is the 
 insanity of Ajax, which he is producing in the jumbled account 
 that follows. — lance ducenaria : ' a dish weighing 200 pounds,' 
 = 64.4 kilograms. The weight was engraved upon it, as 
 upon the lances in 31, 22. Plin. gives an account, in Nat. Hist. 
 xxxiii. 139-150, of the development of the use of silver service 
 in the last century of the Republic. The boiled pig, served 
 upon this lanx, is the principal part of the fourth course of the 
 cena proper. The cakes in 60, 12 also belong to it. — versa . . . 
 supina : these either agree with manu to be supplied, or are 
 ace. of the inner obj. with gesticulatus. The sense is, 'hacking 
 this way and that.' 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 60, LIXES 1-20. Ill 
 
 60. strophas : ' such elegant surprises.' These continue the 
 methodium of 36, 10 and the catastropha of 54, 12. Sen., in 
 Epist. xxvi. 5, speaks of the day -when, remotis strophis ac fucis, 
 de me iudicaturus sum. The word is commonly plii. ; but Plin., 
 Epist. i. 18, and Mart., xi. 7, 4, use the sing. — lacunaria : Vale- 
 rius Maximus, ix. 1, 5, also writes of movable panels in describ- 
 ing the dinner of Metullus Pius : demissasque lacunaribus aureas 
 coronas. Even in the Middle Ages ceilings were constructed 
 with movable panels. — descenderet : with reference to 54, 2. 
 — novi de caelo : like a deus ex machina. The spreading of 
 the ceiling had probably opened the dark sky to their gaze. — 
 coronae . . . cum alabastris : though wine was drunk durinfj 
 the eating, real drinking began with the mensa secunda, now 
 about to be ushered in, or later, in the so-called comissatio graeco 
 more, during which crowns and ointment, which figure in early 
 comedy, were distributed. Cf. Nep. Ages, viii., unguenta coro- 
 nas secundamque mensam servis dispertiit : Hor. Od. ii. 11. 14. 
 Mart., X. 19, 20, wants his poems read cum regnant rosa, cum 
 madent capilli. Cf. below 65, 17. — Priapus : the god here 
 shares the same artistic purpose to which the goddess Flora is 
 put; cf. Baumeister, Denkm. Klass. Alt. p. 1108. Both are 
 patrons of gardens and protectors of fruits. — pompam : 'we 
 snatched too eagerly at the charming display.' So Plaut., Capt. 
 769 ff. and Stick. 683, uses this word of the tempting array 
 of good things to eat. Cf. Mart. x. 31,3. — nova ludorum 
 missio : a phrase playfully borrowed from the amphitheatre ; 
 'a new event on the programme.' — vexatione : 'pressure'; 
 so Ov. Amor. i. 14. heu male vexatae quanta tulere comae; cf 
 Mart. xi. 89, 2. — religiose apparatu : toward the end of the 
 Republic, oriental trade had introduced Asiatic spices into 
 Rome, and these gradually took the place, in sacrifices, of the 
 old and simple offerings of milk and wine and first fruits of 
 cattle and land. — Augusto . . . feliciter : this has its coun- 
 terpart in the modern ceremony at banquets of standing and 
 drinking in silence to the health, or in memory, of some dis- 
 tinguished person. It is the veneratio genii Augusti, a ceremony 
 
112 NOTES. CHAP. 60, LINES 23-30. 
 
 which developed out of his deification. It grew to be a custom 
 to place the image of his genius beside the lares conipitales, to 
 observe his birthday as a holiday, and to take one's solemn 
 oath by his genius. Roscher, Myth. Lex. i. p. 1617 ; Baumeister, 
 i. p. 593; Preller, Rom. Myth. p. 571. The ceremony commonly 
 came during the mensa secunda and with the worship of the 
 lares, as here in Petr., though he places both acts during the 
 mensa prima, which continues until the end of chap. 67. Cf. 
 Hor. Od. iv. 5, 31, hinc ad vina red it laetus et alteris \ te mensis 
 adhihet deum, . . . laribus tuum \_Augusti] miscet numen. Since 
 Tiberius refused to be styled pater patriae, the Augustus here 
 referred to must be Claudius or Nero. Introd. p. xx. — mappas 
 implevimus : mappae were employed not only as napkins, but 
 as wrappers in which to tie up and take home the tidbits and 
 gifts received at a dinner as apophoreta. Guests, therefore, 
 frequently provided their own mappae. Cf. Hor. Epis. i. 5, 21 ; 
 Mart. xii. 29, 21 and viii. 59, 7. — succincti tunicas : on the 
 construction; cf. Verg. Aen. ii. 511, ferrum inutile \ cingitur. 
 
 — Lares bullatos : images of the household gods with amulets 
 about their necks. Bullatos is a participial adj. in -atus like 
 prasinatus, 28, 18, ruhricatus, 46, 22. The old name of the 
 first line of the legionary maniple (hastati) shows how thor- 
 oughly Latin such adjectives are. For a lar hullatus, engraved 
 upon the side of an altar found at Caere, see Baumeister, p. 76, 
 under amulet. — Cerdonem . . . Felicionem . . . Lucrionem : 
 ' Business, Luck, Gain.' These are Trim.'s three guardian 
 angels and very close to him in all his concerns, as Occupo is to 
 Hermeros; cf. 58, 33 and the note. — verani imaginem : cf 
 Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, pp. 262-267 and the illustrations, pp. 263 
 and 265. Placing the lares upon the table together with the 
 image of Trim, indicates that the mensa prima is at an end ; the 
 ceremony created a pause, during which there was silence while 
 an offering was made, of which the salsa mola formed part. 
 This was the ancient rite at formal dining; a prayer was also 
 made, both at the beginning and end of the mensa prima. 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 61, LINES 1-22. 113 
 
 61. bonam valitudinem : this is the prayer in connection 
 with the worship of the la7'es, with which the mensa prima should 
 end. That it does not do so until chap. 68, is due to the stories 
 which now follow and the unceremonious entrance of Habinnas. 
 Pi-ayers for good health of mind and body were frequent. Cf. 
 Petr. chap. 88; Sen. Epis. x. 4; so Juv. 10, 356; mens sana in 
 corpore sano. Hor. Od. i. 31, 17-19. — suavius esse : 'you used 
 to be better dinner company.' Repeated in 64, 7 ; cf. 42, 19. — 
 muttis : generally, as here, modified by a neg., and used of 
 human sounds ; so in Ennius, Plant., and Terence. In the Vul- 
 gate it is used of dogs. — sic felicem me videas: 'if you want 
 to see me happy.' "The favor is asked in the name of that 
 which the grantor of the favor would most desire." Cf. Ovid, 
 Amoves, iii. 6, 20 (sic aeternus eas) lahere Jine tuo ; so Verg. Eel. 
 ix. 30, and x. 4; Hor. Od. i. 3, 1. — dissilio : the commoner verb 
 in this usage is rumpi or Jindi; cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 314, and Suet. 
 Nero. 41. — viderint: 'let that be their lookout;' cf. 62, 34. 
 
 — haec ubi dicta dedit: a stock phrase found as early as 
 Lucilius (cf. ed. Miiller, p. 3), haec uhi dicta dedit. pausam facit 
 ore loquendi ; so Verg. Aen. i. 81, and ii. 790. — quomodo dii 
 volunt : so 76. 2. This was the common reply to the question, 
 quomodo res tuae? omnia bene? — bacciballum : 'a most plump 
 and lovable girl.' The word is of uncertain derivate and mean- 
 ing, 'ad plenam et rotundam formam spectans ' (Blich.). It 
 may be connected, in derivation, with bacca, or with sarabcdlum, 
 a vase with a good round and broad bottom. — fefellitus sum: 
 this form of the participle may be due to Greek influence, being 
 analogous with the Greek perf. pass. part, in its reduplication. 
 It is probably because Greek diminutives are neut. that statun- 
 culum is used in 50, 17, for the fem. form. — per scutum . . . 
 ocream : 'I tried by hook and by crook.' A gladiatorial phrase. 
 Cf Sen. Ques. Natur. 4, praef. 5, per ornamenta feriet, and Epist. 
 xiv. 15, per ornamenta percussus est. — aginavi : found only here 
 and in glossaries ; cf. Heraeus, Sprache, p. 14. It is a denom. from 
 agina, 'the beam of a balance,"' or 'the balance' itself. Hence 
 
11 J: NOTES. CHAP. 61, LINE 23; CHAP. 62, LINE 7. 
 
 the verb would refer originally to the bustling activity of the 
 retail dealer continually weighing out things, cf. Heraeus ; or to 
 the quivering of the balance beam in coming to equilibrium, cf. 
 Hayley, in Harvard Classical Stud. vii. p. 217. The word then 
 comes to mean ' to hasten,' festinare, BuxTrpdaao/xaL, meanings 
 clearly recognized by Du Cange and given in th^ glossaries, as 
 quoted by both Heraeus and Hayley. — in angustiis amici: so 
 Eurip. Hec. 1226, iv to'l<; KaKoTs yap aya^ot cra^ecrraTot <^tAot; 
 cf. Cic. De amic. xvii. 64 (quoting Ennius), amicus certus in re 
 incerta cernitur. 
 
 62. scruta scita expedienda: 'to despatch some small 
 business of his.' The noun is rare ; it occurs in Lucilius, p. 142, 
 1. 77 (Ribbeck), scruta . . . ut vendat scrutarius laudat; so Hor. 
 Epist. i. 7, 65, villa vendentem tunicato scruta popello. — Orcus : 
 'hell.' Cf. Solomon's Song, viii. 6, 'for love is strong as death.' 
 — apoculamus : 'we hasten forth.' This word appears only 
 here and in 67, 5; its derivative and meaning are uncertain. 
 Can it be d privative + poculum, analogous to drt/aaco, and = 
 'we push our cups from us'? This derivative w^ould suit both 
 passages in which the word appears. Biich. takes it from ciTro- 
 KaXelv, the syllable -cul- being explained as epenthetical, as in 
 nomen-cul-ator, from calare. Its first use would be seen in such 
 a sentence as dominus apoculat servum, = 'calls off (to himself).' 
 From this would then be developed servus se apoculat, ' the slave 
 answers the call.' Forcellini (see Class. Rev. vi. p. 117) suggests 
 (XTroKvAteiv, ^ to bowl off,' ' roll away ' as the source of this word. 
 — gallicinia: cf. Hor. Sat. i. 1, 10, sub galli cantu. — intra moni- 
 menta : the streets leading from any large town were generally 
 lined on both sides with monuments of the dead. Hence the 
 oft-recurring words in epitaphs, ' Stay, traveller, as you pass by.' 
 Cf 71, 46, and the note on the same. On the asyndeton, cf. 
 Introd. p. xlii, G, 2. — homo meus : so below, 1. 31, mens miles; 
 cf. Phaedr. v. 7, 32, homo meus; Juv. 13, 244, noster per /id us, 
 Theoc. xiv. 30, tov ifxbv Avkov. — ad stelas facere : ' made for 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 62, LINES 7-32. 115 
 
 the tombstones.' On facio in this sense, cf. Ter, Phorm. 635, 
 haec hinc facessat, and the schol. pro '■hinc se facial' id est 
 abeat, ut ^huc se facial* hue accedat significat. — cantabundus : 
 the only adj. of this formation in Petr., nor does this word 
 occur elsewhere. Adj. in -bundus are found not only in comedy 
 but among the best w^riters, especially Livy ; cf. Cooper, Word 
 Formalion, p. 92. — anima in naso esse: 'my heart was in my 
 mouth.' So in Greek, ' KpaStrj 8e pivo? a;^ts | ave/Saive,' quoted 
 by Otto, Sprichw. p. 238. — donee . . . pervenirem : the only 
 instance of the subjunc. with donee in Petr. — larua : cf 44, 10. 
 
 — animam ebullivi : cf 42, 6. — per bifurcum : 'down my 
 crotch.' The lex., agreeing with Forcellini's seu polius per in- 
 feriorem maxillarum partem ad gulam, renders ' over the cheeks 
 down to the neck.' — oculi mortui : ' my eyes were shut ' ; i.e., 
 fixed and glazed as though he were dead ; cf 68, 26. AVhen he 
 hears the rest of the tale, he is afraid to shut his eves. — Gai 
 nostri : according to FriedL, this is Pompeius the jmtronus of 
 Trim, and all his conliberti at the dinner ; cf. 71, 41 ; 30, 7 ; 38, 20. 
 
 — copo compilatus : 'like the landlord after his bi]!.' — bovis : 
 cf. lovis, 58,7; Neue, Formenl. I. p. 293. — versipellem : he 
 was a ' constitutional werwolf ' {cf Kirby F. Smith, The Wer- 
 wolf Puplic. Mod. Lang. Ass'n, New Ser. ii. pp. 1 ff.), making 
 his transformation whenever and wherever he wills, not invol- 
 untarily because of charms or by the use of salves or any magic. 
 The story of the werwolf is found in Greek as well as in Celtic 
 and Germanic literatures. As told by Niceros, it preserves a 
 unique and decidedly ancient character. Cf Baring-Gould, 
 Book of Werwolves ; Pischel, Zu Pelron. 62, Abhandlungen fur 
 M. Hertz, pp. 69 ff. " The one necessary preliminary to trans- 
 formation consists, simply, in taking off all the clothes. The 
 return to the human shape depends upon repossession, intact, 
 of the same garments M^hich were taken off. The safe keeping 
 of those garments during the interim becomes a vital matter. 
 It was solely for this purpose that the soldier uses his one piece 
 of magic; it had nothing to do with his transformation proper." 
 
116 NOTES. CHAP. 62, LINE 34; CHAP. 63, LINE 8. 
 
 In Hhidostan, as in Italy, " circummicturifion was supposed to 
 charm one fast. The following is the end of an ancient Indian 
 formula quoted by Pischel : O Knecht, du bist umharnt, wohin 
 wirst du umharnt gehen ? " (K. F. Smith.) With this, c/. 57, 10. 
 — exopinissent : Fr. exoplnisso, one of the class of formations 
 in -izOf -isso (^-esso) to which expetisso, incipisso (in Plant.) belong. 
 On the same model, though not before late and mediaeval Latin, 
 countless verbs in -izo like pulverizo, latinizo, were formed; cf. 
 Funck, Archiv, iii, 420. — genios . . . iratos habeam: cf. 74, 
 37, and note on 37, 6. 
 
 63. salvo tuo sermone : ' without doubting your tale.' On 
 ut, cf. Crit. Append. — linguosus : cf. 43, 9 ; outside of Petr. 
 this word appears only in church and late Latin. — nam et 
 ipse : ' (but two can take a hand at this) for I,' etc. ; cf. 38, 9 
 and note. — asinus in tegulis : either Trim, is the ass on the 
 housetop, i.e., a sorry hand at a story after so brilliant an exam- 
 ple as Niceros, or the story he is about to tell is to be as " hair- 
 lifting," as, e.g., such a prodigium as Livy describes, xxxvi. 37, 
 hoves duos domitos in Carinis per scalas pervenisse in tegulas aedi- 
 fcii proditum memoriae est. The former is Otto's conjecture, 
 resting on the fable of the ass {cf Babrius, 125) which imitated 
 a monkey in climbing to the roof of a house, without getting 
 the praise, however, which the monkey received. — vitam 
 Chiam gessi : ' I led a pretty gay life ' ; cf 75, 27. The shame- 
 lessness and laughter of the Chians were proverbial. — ipsimi 
 nostri : ' our master's .' Cf 69, 9 ; 75, 27, where the explana- 
 tory gloss, domini, has slipped into the text ; cf also 76, 2. 
 So Aristoph. Plut. 83, has avrdraros. Plant, and Afran. have 
 ipsissimus. Its use originated in the custom of slaves calling 
 the master ipse : cf 29, 18, Plant. Cas. 790 and Catullus 3, 7. 
 The old Fr. medesme, Ital. medesimo, is from met + ipsijmis : moi- 
 meme = me metipsum. Cf. Heraeus, Sprache, p. 15, — omnium 
 numerum : ' perfect in every regard ' ; cf. 68, 24. Integer or 
 absolutus is to be supplied. — misella : frequent of course in 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 63, LINE 9; CHAP. 64, LINE 4. 117 
 
 tombstone inscript. ; e.g., C.I.L. VI. 20987. — tristimonio : rf. 
 gaudimonio, 67, 7. — strigae : 'the witches.' Their mischiev- 
 ous work is referred to again in 134, quae striges corned erunt 
 nervos tuos aut quod purgamentum node calcasti in trivio aut cada- 
 ver f To prevent the strigae from eating out the heart and 
 vitals of children, mothers employed remedies like garlic, scat- 
 tered through the children's clothes, or placed switches of haw- 
 thorn in the windows. — Cappadocem : on account of their 
 strength, Cappadocian slaves were used, like those from Syria, 
 for carrying the lectica; Mart. vi. 77, 4. — audaculum : a 
 diminutive of pride or affection ; cf. misella above. — plane 
 non mentiar : ' I swear I'm not lying.' Plaice here as in 41, 
 28; 49, 17. — mala manus : this suggests the saga manus of an 
 inscription from Verona, reading eripuit me saga manus crudelis 
 ubique \ cum manet in terris et nocet arte sua. — amplexaret : on 
 the form, cf. Introd. p. xxxvi, E, 3; cf. Plant. Poen. 1230. — 
 manuciolum : ' a dummy.' This word occurs only here. It 
 is the third dim. used by Trim, in this story. The Ital. 
 manucolo, 'bundle,' is derived from this w^ord. — vavatonem : 
 probably an onomatopoeic word for the puling baby, from vava, 
 the sound the baby makes ; or it may be a reduplication of a root 
 vat, having the same force as vag in vagitus. Cf. Varro's paral- 
 lel between Vaticanus and Vagitanus, in Gell. Noct. Att. xvi. 17. 
 If the parallel stands, vavato would = " baby," as the creature that 
 cries. — plussciae : ' they know too much,' and so are uncanny. 
 
 64. Nocturnas : ' night-hags.' Nocturnus, however, is the 
 deity which presides over the night ; he is named in C.I.L. V. 
 4287 ; III. 19.56 ; Plant. Amph. 272, credo ego hac noctu Nocturnum 
 obdormuisse ebrium. — et iam sane : Btich. and Friedl. hold that 
 a break occurs here. The lamps, which must have been lighted 
 in the omitted portion, are first mentioned here. We have no 
 mention of the comissio which had made the eyes of Encolpius 
 swim. Though it regularly began with the mensa secunda, which 
 is not mentioned before chap. 68, it must have already begun at 
 
118 NOTES. CHAP. 64, LINE 7; CHAP. 65, LINE 1. 
 
 this point in the narrative. Cf, the end of 64 and 67, 2, where 
 Fortunata is said to be putting away the silver and feeding the 
 remains of the dinner to the slaves. — tibi dico : a phrase to 
 attract notice, often used impatiently; cf. C.G.L. III. 286, 50 
 (dialogues at the bath), aKoXvOa. rj/xLv sequere nos ; crol Xiyoi 
 TTcpLKaOapfxa tibi dico purgamentum. Frequent in comedy; see 
 also Anth. Lat. Epigr. 442, 2 (ed. Biich.) ; Ov. Met. ix. 122. — 
 diverbia dicere : ' to recite scenes ' ; like e.g. the modern recit- 
 ing of scenes from Shakspere. — melica canturire : the singing 
 of the lyric parts of a play. Canturire = cantare, desiderat. in form 
 only; it is explained as derived from the nomen agentis, cantor. 
 
 — dulcis caricae: 'ye days of sweet delight'; carica is strictly 
 the 'dry fig.' — tisicus = phthisicus. He sang himself hoarse. 
 
 — quid tonstrinum : 'what about my great barber act?' This 
 suggests modern impersonation. In 68, 20, the slave of Habin- 
 nas is shown to be able to give a great variety of thern. On imi- 
 tating the barber, cf. Mart. vii. 83 and viii. 52. — Apelletem : 
 Introd. p. XX, note. — Croesum : cf. 28, 10. — admonitus 
 officii : ' reminded of his duty to his own dog.' — praesidium : 
 cf. Theophr. Charac. 4 (quoted by Reinesius), kol top Kvva 
 TrpocTKaXtadixevos kol e7riAa/36/xei/os tov pvy^ovs eiTreiv ovto<; 
 <fivXaTT€L TO )(u}ptov KOL Tr}v OLKtav. — ut cubaret : the command 
 is Cuba! 'lie down,' Fr. couche. Cf. C.G.L. VI. 290, cubat = 
 rjpcfjid B-qpCov. This verb occurs in inscriptions on several ca- 
 nine graves, C.I.L. VI. 29896, 8 and X. 659,4; ^uoh. Anth. Lat. 
 Epig. 1175 f. The first dog is named Margarita; cf. 1. 29 below. 
 Scylax is the same as in 72, 15. — bucca bucca, C^not sunt hie : 
 ' probably a children's game in which one of them was blind- 
 folded and had to guess, when the rest struck him on the back, 
 how many did so ; or if one struck him, with how many fingers 
 it was done.' — camellam : cf Gellius, Nod. Ait. xvi. 7, 9; 
 probably = gamella, whence Fr. gamelle. 
 
 65. matteae : probably resembling a chicken salad ; here 
 plainly with an excess of chicken, however. It was usually 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 65, LINE 6; CHAP. 66, LINE 6. 119 
 
 served after the heavy courses, as salads are served to-day. — 
 ova pilleata : cf. ex farina pingui Jigurata, 33, 18. — lictor 
 percussit : durmg his office, each sevir was allowed a lictor 
 without secures; the collegium was allowed two. — praetorem : 
 so far as we know, a title applied at this time only at Cumae 
 to designate the highest official in that part of Italy. This 
 fact is important with Friedl. in deciding upon Cumae as the 
 place of the Cena. Cf. Friedl. Cena Trimalchionis, p. 6. — 
 nudos pedes : the shoes had been removed for comfort. Cf 
 Piaut. True. 367, iam rediit animus^ deme soleas, cedo hibam. 
 In 72, 9, Habinnas goes to the bath nudis pedibus. — prae- 
 torio loco : if this corresponds to the usual locus consularis, 
 it would be the third, or imus, on the lectus medius. Mart., 
 vi. 74, 1, speaks of this place; cf the scene in Tac. Annal. iii. 
 14, where Piso and Germanicus are reclining at this place. — 
 novemdiale = novemdialis cena. After a person's death, there 
 was a period of nine days' mourning, followed by the division 
 of his estate according to his will, and the sacrifcium novem- 
 diale to his manes. Then came the cena, in which eggs, lentils, 
 and salt were the chief part. — vioensimariis . . . mantissam : 
 ' he has a big bill to settle with the receivers of the manumis- 
 sion tax.' — ossucula = ossicula : so in C.I.L. YI. 6 (from 
 Rome), qui ossucula mea hie sita esse gemis. 
 
 66. saviunculum : ' honeyed cheese-cake ' ; probably a ple- 
 beian diminutive of savillum (Cato, De agricult. 84), a cheese-cake 
 with added ingredients of poppy, egg, and honey. — gizeria 
 optime facta : ' giblets splendidly cooked.' Gizeria (Eng. 
 gizard) includes the heart, liver, lungs, and stomach ; its 
 older spelling is gigeria. It reappears in old Fr. j'isier, jui- 
 sier; Fr. gesier. Facta here, as in 47, 29, of the preparation 
 of dishes. So Mart. xiii. 54. — autopyrum : ' unbolted bread ' ; 
 lit. 'wheat just as it is.' Plin. N.H. xxii. 25, 68, § 138, says of 
 it, ad omnia aiitem fermentatus qui vocatur autopyrus utilior. On 
 auto-, cf. avTo^vXov, Soph. Philoc. 35. — de suo sibi : repeats 
 
120 NOTES. CHAP. 66, LINE 7; CHAP. 67, LINE 12. 
 
 the first element of autopyrus, sihi emphasizing suo, as in Plaut. 
 Trin. 156 ; Cic. Phil. ii. 37, 96, priusquam tu suum sihi venderes, 
 ipse possedit. Cf. Drager, Hist. Synt. I. p. 76 f . — mea re f acio : 
 cf. 47, 8. — scriblita frigida : cf. 35, 9. — de melle . . . tetigi : 
 ' I smeared myself generously with the honey.' On the con- 
 struction, cf. Heraeus, Sprache, p. 38. Tangere comes close to 
 the sense of tingere here; cf. note on tengomenas, 34, 22. Usque: 
 a pure adv., as in Plaut. Poen. 692, repleho usque ; Hor. Sat. i. 
 2, 65. — calvae : ' filberts ' ; probably the frictas nuces of Plaut. 
 Poen. 326; cf. C.G.L. VI. 170. — arbitratu : 'as one chose.' 
 
 — domina mea : ' my lady.' In speaking of her husband's gen- 
 erosity. Scintilla calls him, 67, 26, domini mei ; cf 57, 5. It is 
 from mea domina that madame is derived. In Pompeian graffiti, 
 domina appears in this sense. Friedl., " tJber den gebrauch der 
 anrede domine im gemeinen leben," Sitteng. i. 442. — ursina : 
 the only passage in Latin literature referring to the eating of 
 bear's meat; Friedl. In C.G.L. III. 316, 59, apKva. = ursina, in 
 a list of various kinds of meats. — caseum mollem : Hab. here 
 describes the mattea with which Scissa's dinner had ended. The 
 catillum concacatum was probably an elaborate dish over which 
 a meringue, or dressing, had been poured. It may have been 
 such a dish as Athenaeus has in mind in 647 c, KctriAAo? opva- 
 Tos 6 Xc-yd/xevo? Trapa Pw/xatots. — pax Palamedes : ' but enough 
 of that.' Why Palamedes is named is obscure. Pax is here an 
 interj. silentium imponens, as frequently in comedy ; Brix, Trin. 
 891. — oxycomina : ' pickled caraway.' — peruae missionem : 
 cf. 41, 8. 
 
 67. reliquias . . . diviserit : this she would do at the close 
 of the mensa prima. — aquam in os : i.e., she will not join in the 
 comissio ; aquam for vinum. — est te videre : 'do I really see 
 you at last?' A common greeting; c/" the school dialogue in 
 C.G.L. III. 211, 23. So Tiberius was greeted by his German 
 veterans (Veil. ii. 104, 4), videmus te, imperator. Cf. Ter. Hec. 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 67, LINE 18; CHAP. 68, LINE 22. 121 
 
 81, sed videon ego Philotium, and Donatus, ad loc. : sic solent 
 dubitare advenientihus ipsis, quos post multum temporis intervallum 
 vident. — barcalae : ' fools.' The word is related to bardus or 
 hargus (barcus), occurring in glossaries as = dvaLaOrjro^, d(f>vy<i', 
 C.G.L. VI. 129, 130. Baro, 63, 26, is probably a kindred word. 
 
 — ex millesimis Mercurii : the reference is obscure. The 
 armlet was huge, and the profits must have, been immense, of 
 which it was the one-thousandth part, whether in silver or gold. 
 
 — Felicionem : the name, also, of one of Trim.'s lares bullati; 
 cf. 60, 29. Scintilla's capsella was a kind of luck-charm, or 
 amulet, which she wore constantly. It may have been a tiny 
 jewel-box, since it held duo crotalia. — excatarissasti : ' you 
 cleaned me out.' The form is analogous to exopi7nssent, 62, 
 34. It may be derived from KaOapt^o). — pro luto : cf. 44, 22. 
 
 — caldum meiere, frigidum potare : i.e., it is hard to keep the 
 income up to the expense account. — sudario abscondit : from 
 1. 10 it can be seen that this was easily done. 
 
 68. secundaa mensas : cf. note, 64, 1. Regularly, the comis- 
 sio would have begun here. — poteram . . . contentus : Trim, 
 began the cena with a light appetite, and did more drinking 
 than eating. He means here that the cofnissio, with its generous 
 drinking, is about all that he cares for. — muta : ' change the 
 tune.' This is probably the actual stage direction for changes 
 in the cantica of the old comedies. These changes were indi- 
 cated in Mss. of Plautus by C and DY, in Terence Mss. by 
 M. M. C. (miifati modi cantici) ; Friedl. — servus qui ad pedes : 
 cf 64. 39. Giton, however, stands; cf 58. 1. — errantis bar- 
 bariae : 'of his flighty and barbarous rendering.' — adiectum 
 aut deminutum : 'the crescendo and diminuendo.' — erudi- 
 bam : for erudiebam : Xeue, Formenl. TIL 317, 318. — despe- 
 ratum valde : ' confoundedly awfully clear.' Desperatum is not 
 so used elsewhere; it = Plautus's insanum. Cf Plant. Trin. 
 673, insanum malum : Most. 90S. Insanum. however, is not used 
 to modify an adv. — omnis musae mancipium : cf. 43, 27 ; so 
 
122 NOTES. CHAP. 68, LINE 24; CHAP. 69, LINE 19. 
 
 Quint, i. 10, 28, crassiore musa, ' in plainer manner ' ; so sine ulla 
 musa — 'without any wit'; cf. eiusdem musae, Gell. Noct. Att. 
 iii. 10. — omnium numerum : ' au fait ' ; cf. 63, 8. — strabo- 
 nus = straho. He is a squinter. His eyes have the pretty liquid 
 effect, TO vypov, of the eyes in Venus statues, in which the low^er 
 eyelid is raised a trifle, and the eye seems to be trying to focus 
 sharply. Hence he is vix oculo mortuo, scarcely ever listless, 
 always a Paul Pry. Cf. Baumeister, Denkm. i. 89 b, and Ellis, 
 Class. Rev. vi. 117. 
 
 69. trecentis denariis : a modest figure. Cato, as censor, 
 184 B.C., assessed the slaves of the idle rich at 10,000 asses, = 
 about 2500 denarii. — agaga : 'a gay Lothario.' In C.G.L. VI. 
 41, agagula = lenocinator, vanus fornicator ; its Greek form is 
 ayaya?, from ayw, for dyooyas, 'one who leads astray.' — Cap- 
 padocem : from 63, 11, and Polybius, iv. 38, 4, it appears that 
 good slaves came from Cappadocia. Cf, however, Hor. Epist. 
 i. 6, 39, and Orelli-Mewes note, and the schol. on Persius, 6, 77, 
 qui Cappadoces dicerentur habere studium naturale ad falsa tes- 
 timonia proferenda, qui nutriti a pueritia in tormentis equuleum 
 sibi facere dicuntur ut in eo se invicem torquerent, et cum in poena 
 perdurarent, ad falsa testimonia se bene venumdarent. — defrau- 
 dit : In trod. p. xxxvi, E, 2. — nemo parentat : i.e., post-mortem 
 sacrifices do not bring to the dead the joys they must pluck this 
 side of the grave. Cf. 43, 28. — debattuere : in mal. part. ; 
 from battuo; Fr. battre, debattre ; Ital. debattere; cf. Cic. Ad fam. 
 ix. 22, 4, and below, 75, 29. — dabo panem : to keep it quiet. 
 " Least said, soonest mended." — fata egit : ' he acted the role 
 of.' On fata in the sense of dicta (cf. 33, 9), Biich. quotes 
 Lucan, Phars. iv. 361. — tanto melior : ' bully for you.' Fre- 
 quently found in comedy; Quint., Instit. viii. 2, 18, calls the 
 phrase ilia egregia laudatio. Cf. Plant. Pers. 326. — epidipnis 
 . . . allata : in answer to the order in 68, 7. The mensa secunda 
 is meant ; cf. Mart. xi. 31, 7, where a variety of fancy dishes 
 is made from something like a pumpkin, as here from swine's 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 69, LINE 27; CHAP. 70, LINE 35. 123 
 
 flesh (see 70, 2). — ego . . . prudentissimus : Encolpius, the 
 valorous hero, must occasionally be an innocent victim ; cf. 
 29, 1; 36, 18; 41, 9; 49, 15. — eiusmodi . . . imaginem : 'just 
 such counterfeits of things to eat.' During the festival of the 
 Saturnalia presents were made, usually of wax candles and 
 images ; cf. Mart. iv. i6, 88 ; v. 18 ; Suet. A ug. 75 ; Plin. Epist. 
 iv. 9, 7. The latter were playthings for children (Macrob. i. 
 11, 1), and many made of terra-cotta have been found. Some- 
 times they were made of hard biscuit. A market in Rome 
 was named sigillaria, from the manufacture and sale of these 
 imagines. 
 
 70. crescam . . . non corpore : so Hor. Sat. ii. 6, 14, pingue 
 pecus domino facias et cetera praeter \ ingenium. The prayer is 
 made so that untoward misunderstanding is avoided. So the 
 Lydian Croesus carefully tested the oracles which he consulted. 
 
 — colaepio : ' a knuckle of pork.' Colyphia (Plant. Pers. 92) 
 and coloephia (Mart. vii. 67, 12) are other forms of the word. 
 In the glossaries it is explained as a knuckle of meat of any 
 kind; cf C.G.L. VI. 234, colyphium. — Daedalus : 'Jack of all 
 trades.' So in Plato's Euthyphron, 11 b, one who is ingenious in 
 extricating himself from a debate is called ' a son of old father 
 Daedalus.' — ad buccam probaremus : cf Suet. De Rhet. 5, 
 Fulciam, cui altera bucca inflatior erat, acumen stili tentare dixit. 
 
 — gastris : hence the Ital. grasta, ' flower-pot.' — pedes . . . 
 unxerunt : this may allude to the friendly relations between 
 Nero and Otho (Tac. Annal. xiii. 12 and 46), and lend some 
 support to the " Neronian hypothesis," that Petronius wrote 
 the Saiirae with the express purpose of hitting off Xero; cf 
 Introd. p. xxiv, note. The treatment of the feet, as here men- 
 tioned, was an innovation of Otho's which Xero approved ; Plin. 
 N.H. xiii. 22. — permitto : sc. recumbatis. — sponsione : bet- 
 ting on the circus games was common ; hence Juv. 9, 20, audax 
 sponsio ; cf Mart. xi. 1, 15. The green was the favorite party 
 in the circus. Trim, does not seem to have belonged to it. The 
 
124 NOTES. CHAP. 71, LINES 1-23. 
 
 games at Rome are meant, in which rural people, also, took great 
 interest. Only rarely were they held outside of Rome. To be 
 dragged away from Rome is the same as avelli circensibus, Juv. 
 3, 223. 
 
 71. Diffusus : i.e., in visum, by the slave's desire to bet with 
 his master. — lactem : cf. 75, 2. So Shylock : " [Is not a Jew] 
 fed with the same food, hurt with the same weapons, subject to 
 the same diseases? ... If you prick us, do we not bleed?" 
 On the form, cf. note on 38, 2. — malus fatus : cf . 42, 13 and 
 77, 8. The personified fatus recurs in metrical sepulchral in- 
 scriptions, as C.I.L. V. 10127. So in Anthol. Lat. epig. (Biich.) 
 1537, B, dolere mater noli ; faciendum hoc fuit; properavit aetas ; 
 voluit hoc fatus meus. Hence Fr. fee, Eng. fairy. Preller, Rom. 
 Mythologle, ii. 194. — aquam liberam : cf I. Kings, xxii. 27, 
 " feed him with bread of affliction and with water of affliction " ; 
 so Ovid, Am. i. 6, 26, tihi . . . serva bibatur aqua; Aristoph. frag. 
 25 (Kock), pL-qhiiroO^ vSoip Trt'ot/xt iXevdepov. Masters frequently 
 set their slaves up in business, on making them free; that the 
 freedom of the contubemalis was desired at the same time, was 
 natural; cf C.I.L. II. 2265, and Mommsen's translation, and 
 Petr. 57, 22. — vicesimam : cf 58, 6 and 65, 24. — post mortem 
 vivere : people shall forever know what joys he had in this life 
 and what joyous memories he is to take away with him. Cf 
 Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, 411. The burial plot is thirty times larger 
 than that of Porcius at Pompeii ; Mau-Kelsey, 402. On Petrais, 
 whose battles were engraved on some of Trim.'s cups, cf 52, 6. 
 
 — poma : it was customary to plant trees about a grave and 
 to bequeath funds for their protection and care ; cf. C.I.L. VI. 
 11275 and 15526 and 29775; XIV. 2139; IX. 3956; also Verg. 
 Aen. v. 761, and Servius, ad loc. ; Eclog. v. 40, and Coning- 
 ton's note. — et vinearum largiter : ' and lots of vines.' Lar- 
 giter of quantity, not size; cf Plant. Rud. 1188, illic inesse 
 auri et argenti largiter. — HOC MONVMENTVM . . . SEQVITVR : 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 71, LINES 26^3. 125 
 
 tombs and burial plots remain in the family as heirlooms ; 
 heirs outside the family are excluded from any rights to 
 them. H. M. H. N. s. is frequent in inscriptions; see sanctio- 
 nes, in Wilmanns, Exemp. Inscrip. ii. 693. — custodiae causa: 
 inscriptions show that this was necessary ; cf. ]Marq. Privatl. 
 369. — ut naves etiam : cf. Mau-Kelsey, pp. 414, 415, with 
 illustrations. — me in tribunal! sedentem : such a scene is on 
 the tombstone of M. Valerius Anteros of Brixia. Augustales, 
 at all public functions, wore the toga praetexta. Trim, also 
 expects to be buried in his; cf. 78, 2 and 29, 12. — quod dedi : 
 lutrod. p. xliii, (d). An epulum and divisio of money were regu- 
 larly expected of the sevir on taking oflBce. Cf Wilmanns, 
 Exemp. Inscrip. 2099. — faciantur . . . triclinia: we read, in in- 
 scriptions, of tables being spread in the open air, as at Ostia, 
 where 217 w^ere spread, and are informed that frequently the 
 banquet was a complete one. At Amiternum, besides bread 
 and wine, two oxen and fifteen sheep were consumed (C.I.L. 
 
 IX. 4215) on a certain occasion. Often the banquet was more 
 modest, and money was distributed, the decuriones receiving 
 three denarii, the augustales two, and other citizens one. 
 
 — efQuant vinum : ' lest they empty ( = lose) their wine.' This 
 trans, use of effluo occurs only once elsewhere. — velit nolit : 
 * whether he will or no'; a common phrase; cf Cic. De Deor. 
 Nat. i. 7, 17; Sen. Epist. 107, 11. — MAECENATIANVS : freedmen 
 in the early empire often required a second cognomen, in order 
 to avoid confusion, in the interpretation of wills. This par- 
 ticular cognomen recurs in inscriptions, as C.I.L. VI. 4016 ; 
 
 X. 6014. — HIC REQVIESCIT : SO C.I.L. I. 1489, ending hie requi- 
 escent; sometimes the formula is Mc situs; cf C.I.L. V. 1214 ; Wil- 
 manns, II. p. 681. — SEVIRATVS ABSENTI : this was done by the 
 decuriones of the town. The Veronese, on another occasion, 
 conferred the sevirate upon an individual ratione habita absentis 
 eius extra ordinem. — IN OMNIBVS DECVRIIS ROMAE : he has the 
 feeling of a bourgeois gentilhomme, to whom metropolitan club 
 life seemed easy to enter. Decuriae = ' clubs,' as in Suet. Tib. 
 
126 NOTES. CHAP. 71, LINE 44; CHAP. 73, LINE 25. 
 
 41, of knights ; Claud. 1, of clerks. There was, however, a long 
 tenure of office among government employees at Rome, which 
 increased the conservatism of their decuriae as to admitting 
 outsiders. — FORTIS, FIDELIS : cf. Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 102 ; so sicca 
 sobria, 36, 11. — SESTERTIVM . . . TRECENTIES : so 45, 14; cf. 
 Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 87-90. Mommsen and Friedl. cite the similar 
 inscription of a P. Decimius, which shows the sums of money he 
 had given away, and ends, hie pridie quam mortuus est reliquit 
 patrimoni HS milia quingenta viginti. — VALE: ET TV: vale said 
 by the dead ; et tu, by the passer-by. Such greetings as ave, 
 have, vale, salve, vale viator, are common on gravestones. Some- 
 times the salutation inscribed is from the wayfarer to the dead, 
 as Lolli ave; have Claudi bene valeas. C.I.L. V. 4887 ends 
 viator vale, and with et tu on the next line. 
 
 72. quare non vivamus : cf. Mart. i. 15, 12. — sic videam : 
 so 61, 4 ; 75, 6. — calet . . . furnus : it was a question whether 
 hot baths were advisable after dining ; Hor. Epist. i. 6, 61 ; Juv. 
 1, 143 ; Pers. 3, 98. They were thought, however, to remove 
 cruditas. — cibo furorem suppresserat : so the lingua canina, 
 43, 8, of a too ready talker is suppressed ; cf. 69, 11. 
 
 73. lavari : they were now more than ready for a hot bath. 
 — proiecti.3 vestimentis : there was probably no apodyterium. 
 On bathing arrangements in private houses in Pompeii, cf. Mau- 
 Kelsey, 261, 300, 350, 356. A semicircular niche for the labrum 
 (1. 13) has been found in some houses. — cisternae frigidariae : 
 a tank for cooling the water, — rectus stabat : it was customary 
 to sit. — Menecratis : the mention of this citharoedus is impor- 
 tant in fixing the date of the Satirae, if he is the one mentioned 
 by Suet. Nero, 30. — gingilipho : probably a kind of Indian 
 war dance, to the accompaniment of a cantilena quam, dum nexis 
 manibus in orbem currunt, canebant; Biich. It may be a deriva- 
 tive of yty-yXtcr/xos. — barbatoriam : sc. diem. Cf. Juv. 3, 186; 
 
XOTES. CHAP. 73, LINE 26; CHAP. 75, LINE 9. 127 
 
 the day would be one of festivity, as is seen from its place in the 
 list, 'de diebus festh; in C.G.L. III. 171, 66, and 239, 48.— 
 tengomenas faciamus : cf. 34, 22. 
 
 74. vinum sub mensam : cf. Plin. Nat. Hist, xxviii. 26, 
 incendia inter epulas nominata aquis sub mensam perfusis abomi- 
 namur. Wine is used here, as in 34, 12. — traiecit in dexteram : 
 cf. Plin. N.H. xxviii. 57, apropos of sneezing or hiccoughing, 
 anulum e sinistra in longissimum dextrae digitum transferre. On 
 the form of the adj., cf. Neue, Formenl. 11. § 5. — dicto citius : 
 cf. Verg. Aen. 1. 142 ; Livy, xxiii. 47, 6 ; Hor. Sat. ii. 2, 80. — de 
 porco aves fecerat : cf. 70, 2. — matteis : mentioned in 65. 1, 
 
 — classis = grex ; Quint., Instit. i. 2, 23, also uses classis in this 
 post-classical sense. — machina : 'the slave-block'; so Quintus 
 Cic, to his brother, de pet. cowsm/., writes, amicam . . . de machi- 
 nis emit. The post-classical word is catista : cf. Tibull. ii. 3, 60. 
 
 — hominem inter homines : cf. 39. 9. — in sinum spuit : spit- 
 ting upon one's breast was supposed to avert the ill effect of 
 haughty words or deeds ; so in Greek ets koXttov ov tttvcl ; cf. 
 Plin. N.H. xxviii. 35; Juv. 7, 111. — codex non mulier : cf. on 
 43, 14. — somniatur : Xeue, Formenl. III. p. 91. — Cassandra 
 caligaria : 'this thumping tragedy-queen.' In 75, 13, Trim, 
 calls her fulcipedia, ' high stepper.' — unguentarius : the per- 
 fumer's business was an important one in Italy and Gaul. 
 Feminine gossip was doubtless associated with it. — non patia- 
 ris : so 75, 14, non facias ringentem. — bonatus : ' too good ' ; 
 so impuratus from impurus, Ter. Phorm. 669. Cf. Fr. bonasse. 
 
 — reote, curabo : cf. 58, 19 and 14. — depresentiarum : cf. 
 58, 10. 
 
 75. homines sumus : to err is human ; to forgive, divine. 
 So in 130, fateor me, dornina saepe pecasse : nam et homo sum et adhuc 
 iuvenis. — ut se frangeret: cf. Cic. Cat. i. 9, 22, te ut ulla res 
 frangat. — decem partes dicit : cf. on 46, 10, and 58, 24. — 
 
128 NOTES. CHAP. 75, LINE 9; CHAP. 76, LINE 4. 
 
 librum ab oculo : Hermeros could not read other than lapida- 
 rias lite r as ; cf. 58, 23. — Thraecium : 'and he earned ( = 
 bought) a Thracian suit by means of his savings.' The word 
 denotes a child's outfit of shield, dagger, and costume, on the 
 pattern of Thracian soldiers. So children to-day are often 
 dressed in a sailor or highland costume. — archisellium : 'a 
 seat with rounded back'; or 'box seat,' if the reading be arci- 
 sellum. — in oculis f eram : 'for me to keep my eyes upon.' So 
 Cic, Ad fam. xvi. 27, 2, writes, /e, ut dixi, fero in oculis. — fulci- 
 pedia: cf. Plant. Ti'in. 720. — bonum tuum conquas : 'find 
 what comfort you can.' — clavo tahula.ri = trahali ; it is 
 clinched. So Cic. Verves, v. 22, 53, quemadmodum dicitur, trabali 
 clavo Jigeret ; cf. Hor. Odes, i. 35, 17. — tain fui quam vos : 'I 
 was as you are.' Cf. Plaut. Miles, 11, tam hellatorem; so feliciter 
 esse, C.I.L. VII. 265; suavius esse, 64, 7. — dissilio : cf. 61, 7. 
 — sterteia : she was still sobbing. — rostrum: ' snout ' = os; 
 cf Plaut. Men. 89. — nee turpe est quod dominus iubet: 
 so Shylock says, Merchant of Venice, v. 1 : 
 
 *' You have among you many a purchased slave, 
 Which like your asses and your dogs and mules, 
 You use in abject and in slavish parts, 
 Because you bought them, should I say to you : 
 Let them be free, marry them to your heirs ? " 
 
 Seneca quotes, Controvers, IV. pref. 10 (Kiessling), impudicitia 
 in ingenuo crimen est, in servo necessitas, in liberto officium. 
 
 76. quemadmodum di volunt : cf. 61, 13, and note ; so 
 below, cito fit quod di volunt, 1. 17. Cf. Liv. i. 39, 4 ; Ov. Met. 
 viii. 619. — cepi cerebellum: 'I took his fancy.' — Caesari: at 
 first it showed the emperor's popularity to be mentioned in his 
 will; later it became dangerous not to mention him; cf. Suet. 
 Aug. 66; jTift. 49 ; Tacit. Agric. 43. — nemini . . . nihil satis 
 est : a Greek usage of the redundant negative. Cf 58, 15, and 
 Abbott: Studies in Classical Philology, Univ. of Chicago, III, 
 
NOTES. CHAP. 76, LINE 7; CHAP. 77, LINE 20. 129 
 
 p. 73. — contra aurum: 'wine was worth its weight in gold.' 
 So Plant. True. 538; Vurcul. 201; Pseud. 688; Miles, 660.— 
 omnes naufragarunt : ' And not one vessel 'scaped the dread- 
 ful touch of merchant-marring rocks.' The verb is freq. in 
 patristic Latin; cf. Vulgate, I Tim. vi. 10. — factum non fabula : 
 of. Index, A lliteration. — gusti fuit : either for gustui, or the geni- 
 tive of gustum, the constr. being the same as in mihi non Jiocci 
 erat. — vinum . . . mancipia : wine, onions, and cabbages, were 
 staple export articles of Pompeii, which w^as not far from Trim.'s 
 home. Cf. Mau-Kelsey, pp. 357-358. The raising of beans was 
 a regular business ; inscriptions mention a negotiatio fabaria. — 
 manum de tabula : ' no more ! ' Cf. Cic. to Fadius Gallus {Ad 
 fam. vii. 25). — exhortavit : Neue, Formenl. III. p. 47. — con- 
 siliator deorum : cf. Cic. De legg. iii. 19, 43, speaking of the 
 augur as consiliarius atque administer lovis. — ab acia et acu : 
 i.e., down to the very smallest detail. Cf. Thesaurus Ling. Lai. 
 L 398, 16. 
 
 77. de rebus illis = relus venereis ; cf. C.G.L. V. 462, 1. ad 
 res = ad res venereas, and Plant. Afost. 897. — felix in amicos 
 = f ad amicos; possibly a hellenism. Cf. Eurip. Orest. 542, 
 €VTV)(eLv €? T€Kva. Cic. writes ad casum fortunamque felix. — 
 viperam sub ala : a Greek proverb; cf. Eurip. Alces. 309. 
 — fundos Apuliae iungere : cf. 48, 6; Hor. Epist. ii, 2, 177. — 
 dum Mercurius vigilat: 'under the watchful care of Mercury.' 
 Burman believes we have here an allusion to the custom which 
 Servius (Aeneid, viii. 3) describes: is qui belli susceperat curam, 
 sacrarium Martis ingressus, primo ancilia commovebat, post hastam 
 simulacri ipsius, dicens ^ Mars vigila.' Cf. Aen. x. 228. — susum : 
 Neue, Formenl. II. 750 f. — sessorium: 'a sitting-room.' — 
 Scaurus : Introd. p. xx, note. — mavoluit = maluit; cf Ter. 
 Hec. 540; the form is frequent in Plant. — assem habeas assem 
 valeas : 'money makes the man,' was a proverb as current in 
 the ancient world as it is to-day. Cf. Otto, Sprichw., habere, 1. 
 — prefer vitalia : cf. on 42, 14. 
 
130 NOTES. CHAP. 78, LINES 2-19. 
 
 78. praetextam: cf. on 71, 30. — gloriosu.s efferri : cf. 42, 
 14. — imprecetur : such prayers (^salutationes) are found on 
 tombstones; e.g., sit iibi terra levis or ossa tua bene quiescant. 
 See under salutatio in Wilmanns, Exemp. Inscrip. : Indices. Cf. 
 above 39, 9. — nardi: Plin., N.H. xii. 43 and 44, mentions this 
 as a most expensive and precious oil. — ad parentalia mea: 
 not only to his funeral, but to the anniversaries of his death. 
 
 — extendit se super torum: in the relief from Aquila, men- 
 tioned by Friedl., exhibiting a similar funeral scene, there is 
 not only the procession of mourners about the bier, but there 
 are three kinds of horn-blowers ; the cornicines with curved 
 horns, tibicines with double flagelettes, and one who has a lituus. 
 On Trim.'s fondness for cornicines, cf. 53, 28. Heinsius quotes 
 Sen. De Brevit. Vit. 20, 3, showing that Trim.'s imitation of a 
 funeral was not unusual : Turranius fuit exactae diligentiae senex, 
 qui post annum nonagesimum . . . componi se in lecto et velut ex- 
 animem a civcumstante familia plangi iussit. Cf Tac. Hist. iv. 45. 
 
 — dicite = canite, 'play something.' — concitaret viciniam : 
 cf. however, Hor. Sat. ii. 5, 105. — qui custodiebant regionem : 
 the cena therefore probably took place in a town or city, not 
 in the country ; cf. 73, 9. 
 
CEITICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 H = Codex Traguriensis. 
 
 L = the Ms. upon which Scaliger's apographon and the edi- 
 tions of Tornaes and Pithoeiis are based. 
 
 26, 11. in balnea sequi, Biich.^ in lalneo sequi, H BUch.i 
 Friedl. 
 
 29, 1. (cum) titulis, Burmann Biich. Friedl. tituHs, H L. 
 • — [copiosa], Friedl. cornu abundanti copiosa, H L Biich. For 
 copiosa Biich. conj. conspicua. Goes and Friedl. insert cum 
 before cornu. 
 
 30, 1, multas iam (picturas). multaciam, H Biich. Friedl. 
 simul omnes lautitias, conj. Biich. ^ multa {multas') iam + noun, 
 conj. Biich. 3 maltaceam, fr. maltha, 'fresco-paintings on stucco,* 
 Ellis, Journ. PhiloL XXIX. p. 1 (1886). 
 
 6. imam, ed. Pithoeus, Lipsius. unam, H L Biich. ; = top 
 part terminating in an embolum with its inscript. 
 
 28. cubitoria, H L Biich. (ac)cubitona, Friedl. following 
 Lipsius and Heinsius. 
 
 31, 1.5. (simul cantabat), sugg. by Biich. 
 
 20. in promulsidari, H L Friedl. inter promulsidaria, Biich. 
 
 32, 2. minutissima, L Biich.^ Friedl. munitissima, H Biich.^ 
 
 33, 4. omnem voluptatem, L Heins. Biich. voluptatem, 
 Friedl. 
 
 34, 8. (supel)lecticarius, Douza Friedl. Heraeus. lecticarius, 
 H Biich. 
 
 21. tengomenas, Biich.^ tangomenas, H Friedl. tengomenias, 
 Sittl, Archiv, VI. 445. 
 
 131 
 
132 CRITICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 35, 17. [hoc est in. cenae], H Reiske Wehle Friedl. hoc 
 est ius cenae, L BUch. Originally marg. gloss, in. = initium. 
 
 37, 10. lupatria, H BUch. Friedl. lupacea, Sittl, Archiv, II. 
 610. 
 
 12. [tantum auri vides], prob. misplaced gloss of saplutus. 
 BUch. dives for vides. 
 
 38, 2. credrae, H Friedl. cedrae, Buch.^ 
 
 6. culavit, H BUch.^ Friedl. testiculavit, Buch.^ using Paul. 
 Fest., MUller, p. 306. 
 
 10. culcitras, H Friedl. culcitas, BUch. 
 
 18. sub alapa. est tamen suffiatus, conj. by Hirschfeld. suh- 
 alapo {suhalapator^y conj. by Ronsch, Rh. Mus. 1879, p. 632, = 
 collect, philol. p. 25. Cf. Heraeus, Sprache des Petrons, p. 31 . 
 
 19. locationem, conj. by Friedl. cum, H. cenaculum, BUch.^ 
 casam, BUch.^ 
 
 23. sociorum olla. sociorum {mala opera) olla, E. in Berl. 
 Philol. Wochens. xii. p. 755. 
 
 35. <C), conj. by BUch., adopted by Friedl. 
 
 39, 32. mali facit, BUch. male facit, H Friedl. moliti facit 
 (moli facit), Rohde. 
 
 41, 4. duravi, H BUch.^ Friedl. decrevi, BUch.^ believing 
 duravi nimiae ut in hoc dicendi genere audacitatis esse. 
 
 23. pataracina. Heraeus, Vahlenfestschrift, derives from Tra- 
 TaKvov, expanded in Latin to patacinum, and then by connection 
 with pate7'a (sind pateo), through volksetymologie, to pataracinum. 
 
 42, 2. balniscus, Scheffer Friedl. haliscus, H BUch. 
 
 18. neminem nihil, feminae nihil, Gronov. neminem feminae 
 nihil, P. in Archiv, III. 67. 
 
 43, 17. oricularios, Reinesius Heins. BUch.^ Friedl. oracu- 
 larios, H BUch.^ 
 
 25. olim oliorum, BUch. conj. molitor mulierum. mulierarium, 
 SchefEer. mulierosum, Heins. Cf. Ellis, Class. Rev. VL 116. 
 
 27. pullarius, Burmann, adopted by BUch. Friedl. Ha vet, 
 A rchiv, I. p. 194, defends the reading of H puellarius. 
 
 44,5. esuritio, established by C.G.L. V. 164, 28, as the 
 proper reading for esurio H. 
 
CRITICAL APPENDIX. 133 
 
 10. simila si siligine inferior esset, conj. by Biich. for the 
 impossible Ms. reading. Heraeus, in the Vahlenfestschrift, pro- 
 poses si milia, si cilia (= ;(t'A.ta), but fails to emend interiores et, 
 the reading of the next two words in H. A clew to the inter- 
 pretation may possibly be found in the similarly disconnected 
 phrases, modo sic modo sic, 45, 2, or aut tunc aut nunquam, 
 
 44, 40. 
 
 11. [sed], bracketed by Scheffer, as a dittograph from esset. 
 
 16. [vel] [tractabat], an interlinear gloss of pilabat. 
 
 17. directum, Reiske Biich. i Friedl. derectum, Biich.^ 
 
 40. redibant, Jacobs Wehle Biich. ridebant, H Friedl. 
 (* freuten sich '). 
 
 45, 5. haberet, H Biich. saperent, Friedl. from conj. by 
 Buch. 
 
 13. amphitheater, cf. F. B., Rh. Mus. xlix. p. 175, and 
 Heraeus, Sprache, p. 43. 
 
 46, 3. loqui non loquere, Buch.^ Friedl. [loqui], Biich.^ 
 
 8. dispare pallavit, H Biich. Friedl. ('hat wachsen lassen'). 
 Biich. prefers Reiske's pullavit Q das wetter hat heuer alles zur 
 ungehorigen zeit wachsen lassen '). Cf. R. Ellis, Class. Rev. 
 VI. 117. 
 
 25. (aliquid), inserted by Friedl. 
 
 47, 8. [causa], an interlinear gloss, suam rem, conj. Fried!., 
 cf. Friedl. Cena Trim. p. 251. 
 
 11. nee lovis potest, Heraeus, Vahlenfestschrift, conj. ne 
 lovis potest, ne = ne quidem as in Apuleius ; cf. also Biich. 
 Anthol. epig. 1178, 33, and Quint, i. 5, 39. 
 
 48, 21. pollicem porcino, Biich.^ for H p. porcino. " Ein 
 dera schweinskopf anliches instrument zum Zwischenscheiben, 
 klemmen und spalten, das im volksmunde schlechtweg porcinum 
 benannt war," Biich. ^ 
 
 23. Cumis, cf Segebade et Lommatzsch, Lex. Petronian, 
 p. iii, n. 2 : " attentius enim c. 1-99 legentem non puto fugiet 
 Petronii animo alium locum observatum esse in cena Trimal- 
 chionis, alium in reliquis rebus enarratis. ' Colonia ' certe urbs 
 ista non appellatur nisi a libertinis (c. 44, 57, 76)." 
 
134 CRITICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 51, 2. se porrigere, Biich.^ Thielmann (Archiv, III. 179). 
 reporrigere Caesarem, Scheffer Biich.^ Friedl. 
 
 4. valdius, conj. by Friedl. for validius of H. validius, Biich. 
 8. <Caesari), added by Biich. and adopted by Friedl. 
 
 52, 2. <C>, for the lacuna which follows. Goes suggested quibus 
 effictum. 
 
 3. patrono (meo) Mummius, BUch. emend, for patronorum 
 mens H. Some of the description must have disappeared after 
 Mummius, since the Niobe scene was not on all the cups. 
 
 25. [et], bracketed by Biich. Friedl. 
 
 27. (verebatur), added by Heins. Biich. Friedl. ; poss. some 
 word like indignantem has also been lost; cf. Van der Vliet, 
 Mnemosyne, 24, p. 2 (1896), fortunam suam (verehatur). 
 
 53, 29. <animalia), Biich. Friedl., the word being an inter- 
 linear gloss referring back to petauristarios and cornicines, as 
 obscure words. J. Gilbert conj. reliqua enim talia for animalia, 
 and does not bracket; Rh. Mus. li. pt. 3, 1896, p. 471. 
 
 54, 1. puer, Btich.^ suggests qui innixus debili et injirmo scalae 
 gradu saltabat, perfregit eum et in ledum. 
 
 55, 1. et . . . quam, sc. recordati or et cum Agamemnon expro- 
 mere coepisset, Biich.^ In other Mss. than H, varioque follows 
 factum immediately. 
 
 6. (ubique) and (nostra), foil, line, were sugg. by Hein- 
 
 sius. 
 
 10. -que and memorata est are the epitomator's additions ; 
 erat stood after diu, Friedl. 
 
 22. margaritam caram . . . bacam Indicam, Friedl. Biich. 
 nominat. margarita cara tribacia Indica, Heraeus, Vahlenfest- 
 schrift; on tribacia cf. quadribacium, C.I.L. II. 3386, 10; C.G.L. 
 III. 203, 8 ; and Plin. N.H. ix. 114. 
 
 56, 19. xerophagi ex sapa, Friedl. saprophagiae ex sale, 
 Biich. Rh. Mus. xvii. 322. xerophagiae ex sale, Biich.^ 
 
 25. (accepit), Biicheler's insertion. 
 
 57, 4. vervex, for berbex, H. Cf. Wolfflin, Archiv, VIII. 565. 
 8. balatum cluxissem, Friedl. balatum duxissem, H Biich. 
 
 58, 6. numerasti, a lacuna follows ; sc. nescit unless quid 
 
CRITICAL APPENDIX. 135 
 
 facial be corrupted from such a word as stigmatia, Biich. Friedl. 
 quid fatuat, Hirschfeld. 
 
 16. [non] coniecero, so editors ; but Hermeros speaks in 
 anger, and shows that he is a Greek in the use of his negatives. 
 
 21. Xt^puSi] fecit, Ludwich. deuro defecit, H. nemo desue- 
 fecit and demode fecit and eleutherode fecit are conj. by Biich. 
 Friedl. indicates lacuna after fecit. 
 
 23, alogias menias ; menias = menenias ; cf Porph. on Hor. 
 Sat. ii. 3, 287, menenium melius furiosum accipimus vel potius 
 stidtum, unde meneniae stultitiae ineptiae. Mss. of Porph. even 
 give meniae for meneniae. Porph. prob. knew his Petron. ; cf. 
 on Od. iii. 2, 32, and Petron. 44, 41. 
 
 39. (nos alia). I have foUowed Friedl. in inserting both nos 
 and alia. Biich. ^ inserts nos only. 
 
 41. (illos scholasticos). The text is hopelessly corrupt. 
 I have followed Friedl. in its general emendation. The words 
 following magister (1. 39) down to ego certainly belong to the 
 magister. From mera mapalia, how^ever, through evadit the 
 words are given to Hermeros by Heraeus in the Vafdensfest- 
 schrift. 
 
 59, 8. factio statim, Friedl. imagines a lacuna between 
 these words, and suggests primum Graecorum deinde Troiano- 
 rum ac. 
 
 20. ducenaria, Burmann Friedl. dunaria, H. donaria, 
 Biich. 2 denaria, Biich.i 
 
 60, 11. (rursus rem novam notavi), sugg. by Biich.^ 
 
 15. ad pompam, Keller suggests ad Priapum; cf, however, 
 Knapp, Class. Rev. x. 428, a. 
 
 16. hie refecit, [hie'], Friedl. liquefacit or minorem fecit or 
 remissio (H) hilaritatem hinc reiecit. hiare fecit, Rohde. 
 
 61, 16. (illam) aut, Biich.^ Friedl. autem, H. 
 19. (quicquid habui), Biich. Friedl. 
 
 22. egi aginavi, H Friedl. and finally Biich. — (scitis), Biich.^ 
 Friedl. autem, H. scito, Segebade. 
 
 62, 18. tota via. mata via, H. The emendation is Scheffer's. 
 Heraeus, VahlensfestscJirift, proposes ma tan Hekatan. 
 
136 CRITICAL APPENDIX. 
 
 24. (perculit), added by Biich., adopted by Friedl. 
 
 63, 2. ut, " er kann nur sagen mau moge glauben dass sich 
 die haare gestraubt haben, nicht wie sehr, ut ist also zu 
 streichen," Friedl. 
 
 7. sacritus, Roasch's emend., Neue Jahrbh., 1882, p. 424, for 
 caccitus, H. 
 
 10. (stridere), inserted by Jacobs, adopted by Biich. Friedl. 
 
 64, 2. (sedibus), Biich. Friedl. Cf., however, Zielinski, 
 Philologus, 1901, p. 6, and Hor. Sat. ii. 3, 324. 
 
 11. tisicus, H Friedl. phthisicus, Btich. 
 
 19. banc, Hadrianides. hac, H. [hac], Biich.^ Friedl. 
 39. <et>, Anton, Friedl. BUch.,^ fearing ne plura desint, indi- 
 cates a gap. 
 
 66, 4. botulo, Gronov Friedl. poculo, H Biich. 
 
 67, 13. eo deinde, " ante eo forsitan multa perierint," Biich.i 
 
 32. Interim, " decurtasse narrationem compilator videtur," 
 Biich.2 — sociae, Studemund. sauciae, H Biich. Friedl. 
 
 68, 15. adiectum, Muncker Scheffer Biich. ahiectum, H. 
 auctum, Friedl. 
 
 25. Biich. conj. strabus. Heraeus, VahlenfestscJirift, stramhus 
 {stranhus) ; cf. Archiv, Y. 480 ; Lowe, Prodromos, p. 391 ; Nonius, 
 p. 27, strabones sunt strambi quos nunc dicimus ; cf. C.G.L. III. 
 181, 11. 
 
 69, 25. <amici>, Buch.^ Friedl. 
 
 29. fimo, Biich. 3 Friedl. defuncta, H, defacta, marg. 
 
 71, 28. <in lateribus), Biich.^ Cf. Mau-Kelsey, Pompeii, pp. 
 414-415. 
 
 33. faciantur. Goes Friedl. faciatur, H Biich. Possibly 
 justifiable as a Graecism, the subject is a neuter plural. 
 
 72, 10. (coepit), Burmann. 
 
 12. assectemur, Biich.^ assentemur, H Friedl. 
 
 23. [at], Biich.3 Friedl. e^, Wehle. 
 
 24. udique, Biich conj. utique, H Biich. Friedl. 
 
 73, 7. sic, Biich. ^ suggests istic. 
 
 15. [aut], dittograph. — pavimento, add ore dentibus, Bur- 
 mann. Friedl. adds {ore). 
 
CRITICAL APPENDIX. 137 
 
 18. in solium, Friedl. Biich.-^ in solo, H. Biich. prefers in 
 solio. Cf. Heraeus, Sprache, p. 34. — temperabatur. Heins. 
 Friedl. parabatur, Biich.^ vaporabatur, Biich.-^ pervapatur, H, 
 in marg. al. parabafiir. 
 
 74, 33. machina, Biich. Friedl. machilla, H Burmann. 
 
 75, 12. fulcipedia. fultipedia or fulcripedia, Biich. Rh. Mus. 
 xxxix. p. 425. 
 
 76, 23. libertos, H Biich. -^ (per) libertos, Heins. Biich. ^ 
 Friedl. 
 
 77, 2. illis, Hirschfeld conj. imis. 
 
 12. cenationem, Scheffer Biich. cellationem, H Friedl. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 [The numbers refer to the chapters.] 
 
 ab acia et acu 76. 
 
 absentivos 33. 
 
 ad summam 31, 37 (bis) , 38, 45, 57 
 (bis), 58, 71, 75,77. 
 
 adverb as predicate : belle erit 46, 
 solide natus 47, pessime . . . erat 
 54, suaviter 59, 61, 65, 75; quod 
 sursum est 63 ; tarn f ui 75. 
 
 aediles male eveniat 44. 
 
 agaga 69. 
 
 aginavi 61. 
 
 sub alapa 38. 
 
 Alliterations, Anaphora: sicca so- 
 bria 37 ; honeste vixit honeste 
 obiit 43; amicus amico 43, 44; 
 sed rectus sed certus ; nemo 
 . . . nemo . . . nemo 44 ; Martis 
 marcent moenia; palato pavo 
 pascitur; titulus tepidi tempo- 
 ris ; nudam in nebula linea 55 ; 
 mufrius non magister 58 ; non 
 cor non intestina non quicquam 
 63 ; pax Palamedis 66 ; idem su- 
 tor i. cocus i. pistor 68; fortis 
 fidelis 71; flebat et Fort, flebat 
 et Hab. 76; maiores et meliores 
 et feliciores 76. 
 
 animam ebulliit 42, 62; -ma in naso 
 62 ; abiciet 74. 
 
 apoculare 62, 67. 
 
 apophoreta 40, 56, 60. 
 
 aquam poscere ad manus 27; in 
 manus 31 ; 34 ; dentes habet 42 ; 
 
 foras, vinum intro 52; in os 
 coniciet 57 ; libera 71. 
 
 argenti pondus 31 ; a . . . coepit 
 everrere 34; a. plus 37; in -to 
 studiosus 52 ; -um sceleratum 
 56; -um composuerit 67. Adj.: 
 pinna a. ; aureos a. denarios 33; 
 larua a. 34; clibano a. 35; a. co- 
 rona 50; craticula a.; a. pelve 
 70; mensas totas a. 79. 
 
 arietilli 39. 
 
 asinus in tegulis 63. 
 
 assem aerarium 57. 
 
 Atellaniam facere 53 ; 68. 
 
 -atus : capillatus 27; soleatus 27; 
 prasinatus 28, 29; piperatus 36; 
 expudoratus 39; pilleatus 40, 41, 
 65, 66; staminatus 41; rubrica- 
 tus 46 ; bullatus 60 ; moratus 61 ; 
 bonatus 74. 
 
 babae babae 37. 
 
 babaecalis 37. 
 
 bacalusiae 41. 
 
 bacciballum 61. 
 
 baliscus fullo est 42. 
 
 barbam auream habeas 58 ; barba- 
 toria 73. 
 
 barbaria 68. 
 
 barcalae 67. 
 
 baro 53, 63 (bis). 
 
 bisaccium 31. 
 
 bucca 43, 44, 64, 70. 
 
 burdabasta 45. 
 
 139 
 
140 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 graeculis calcem impingere 46. 
 
 caldicerebrius 45, 58. 
 
 calvae 66. 
 
 pueros capiUatos 27, 70 ; 57 ; 34 ; 63. 
 
 Carpus 36. 
 
 catillum concacatum 66. 
 
 cave canum 29; c. catena vinctus 
 64; 72. 
 
 cepi cerebellum 75. 
 
 cicaro 46, 71. 
 
 cistemae frigidariae 73. 
 
 de colaepio 70. 
 
 si nos coleos haberemus 44. 
 
 colonia 44, 57, 76. 
 
 Comparisons : phantasia non homo 
 38 ; discordia non homo 43 ; piper 
 non h. 44; codex non mulier 74. 
 
 Condensed phrases: nee quid nee 
 quare 37 ; aut hoc aut illud, quid 
 utique 45 ; putes taurum 47 ; nee 
 mora 49, 64 ; nee hoc nee illud 50 ; 
 facinus indignum, aliquis . . . est 
 56; velit nolit 71. 
 
 cornicines 53, 78 (bis) . 
 
 cubitum ponere 27 ; reclinatus in c. 
 39 ; reposui c. 65. 
 
 culavit in gregem 38. 
 
 denarios aureos 33, 44. 
 
 depresentiarum 58, 74. 
 
 desperatum valde 68. 
 
 despolio 30, 49 {bis), 67, 79. 
 
 dextro pede 30. 
 
 ad dictata pugnavit 45. 
 
 digitos crepitare 27. 
 
 quomodo dii volunt 61 ; 75 ; 76. 
 
 Diminutive nouns: libellus 28 ; cra- 
 ticula 31 ; ficedula, vitellus 33 ; 
 testiculus, sterilicula, pisciculus 
 35 ; utriculus 36 ; vernaculae 38 ; 
 Graeculus 38, 46; taurulus 39; 
 sportella (bis), porcellus, alicula 
 40; casula 44, 46, 77; servulus, 
 potiunculis 47 ; agellus 48 ; sta- 
 tunculum 50 ; martiolus 51 ; gle- 
 bula, lamellula, peduclum 57; 
 comula, sponsiuncula, 58; adu- 
 
 lescentulus 59, 64; manuciolum 
 63 ; catella 64 (bis) ; saviuncu- 
 lum 66; cingillum, capsella 67; 
 auricula 67 ; corolla 70 ; corolla- 
 rium, urceolus 74 ; corcillum 75. 
 Adj. : vetulus 28 ; meliuscula 38 ; 
 corneolus43; misella 63, 65 ; au- 
 daculus 63; aureola 67; aeneo- 
 lus 73. 
 
 dispare pallavit 46. 
 
 dissilio gaudimonio 61 ; d. felicitate 
 75. 
 
 domusio 46, 48. 
 
 ecce 38, 57, 58, 60, 68 ; et ecce 40, 45, 
 66, 76. 
 
 nondum efflaverat omnia 49. 
 
 Epithets : stips 43 ; ilia matella 45 ; 
 vervex, bellum pomum, larifuga, 
 noctumus, vasus fictilis, lorus in 
 aqua 57 ; caepa cirrata, crucis of- 
 fla, corvorum cibaria, mus, terrae 
 tuber, bella res, volpis uda, mu- 
 frius 58 ; purgamentum, canis 74 ; 
 fulcipedia, milva, sterteia 75; 
 viper 77. 
 
 ergo affirmative : 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 
 34 (bis), 39, 46 (bis), 51, 52, 60, 
 61, 63, 64, 67 {bis), 70, 73 {bis) ; 
 question: 34, 39, 46, 47, 48, 58, 
 59, 72. 
 
 essedarium 36, 45. 
 
 est te videre 67. 
 
 Euphemisms : cum dominam delec- 
 taretur 45; ipsumam meam de- 
 battuere 68; ad delicias domini 
 fui; ipsimae satis faciebam 75; 
 de rebus illis fecisti 76. 
 
 excatarissasti 67. 
 
 exopinissent 62. 
 
 Falernum 28 ; f . Opimianum 34, 55. 
 
 fatus 42, 71, 77. 
 
 Gaio feliciter 50 ; Augusto f . 60. 
 
 ferculum 35, 39, 41, 66; 60, 68, 69. 
 
 foras cenat 30; f. vulpes 44; 47; 
 52. 
 
 genius 37, 53, 57, 62, 74, 75. 
 
INDEX. 
 
 141 
 
 gingilipho 73. 
 
 gizeria 66. 
 
 Greek words: iatraliptae, chira- 
 maxium 28 ; embolum 30 ; paro- 
 nychia 31; paropsis 34, 50; 
 pittacium 34 ; euripus, metho- 
 dium 36 ; topanta, saplutus 37 ; 
 theca, philologia, genesis, cata- 
 phaga 39; sophos, apophoreta, 
 polymitus 40; ealathiscus, lasa- 
 num 41; laecasin 42; schema 
 44 ; anathymiasis, penthiacus 47 ; 
 bybliotheca, peristasis 48 ; auto- 
 maton 50, 54; phiala 51; acro- 
 mata 53, 78; catastropha 54 
 philosophos 56; pittacium 56 
 athla 57 ; critica . . . alogias 58 
 strophas, pompa 60 ; scholasticus 
 61 ; phreneticus 63 ; podagricus, 
 tisicus 64; autopyrum, hepatia, 
 oxycomina 66 ; periscelides,phae- 
 casiae, crotalia 67 ; epidipnis 69. 
 
 Guests of Trimalchio : Agamem- 
 non, Encolpius, Diogenes, lulius 
 Proculus 38 ; Dama 41 ; Seleucus 
 42 ; Phileros 43 ; Ganymedes 44 ; 
 Niceros 44, 61, 63; Echion 45; 
 Ascyltus 57, 59, 72; Hermeros 
 59; Plocamus 64. 
 
 gustatio 31 ; gustatorium 34. 
 
 Homeristae 59. 
 
 homo inter homines 39, 57, 74. 
 
 homuncio 34 (bis), 56, 66. 
 
 Impersonations : of Bacchus 41 ; 
 Syrum 52; luscinias 68; mulio- 
 nes sive circulatores 68; tubi- 
 cines ; choraulas ; mulionum fata 
 69 ; Ephesum trag. 70. 
 
 impropero 38. 
 
 meum intelligere . . . vendo 52. 
 
 ipsimus 63, 75, 76; ipsima 69, 75, 
 
 ita in asseveration 44, 57, 58, 70, 
 74. 
 
 ius cenae = initium cenae 35. 
 
 lacte gallinacium 38. 
 
 lacticulosus 57 ; unum lactem 71. 
 
 pedes lanatos 44. 
 
 larua 34, 44, 62. 
 
 Laserpiciarius 35. 
 
 lautus 26, 31; lautitiae 27, 32, 34, 
 
 47, 57, 70, 73; lotam 40. 
 lerode 58. 
 
 linguam caninam 43 ; linguosus 43, 
 63; lmgua73. 
 
 libertini loco 38 ; praetorio loco 65. 
 
 lupatria 37. 
 
 pro luto 44, 54, 67. 
 
 maiiesto et dignitosso 57. 
 
 maiores maxillae 44. 
 
 iam yianios habet 45. 
 
 mapalia 58. 
 
 matteae 65, 74. 
 
 secuudae mensae 68 {his). 
 
 in tenebris raicare 44. 
 
 homo micarius 73. 
 
 ex millesimis Mercurii 67. 
 
 milvus 37 ; milvinum genus 42. 
 
 omnis minervae homo 43. 
 
 populus rninutus 44; minutalia 47. 
 
 modo modo 37, 42, 46; modo sic 
 modo sic 45. 
 
 momento temporis28 ; momento40. 
 
 nee rau nee ma argutas 57. 
 
 Names : Achilles 59 ; Aegyptius 35 ; 
 Aeneas 68 ; Aethiopes 34 ; Africa 
 35, 48; Agamemnon 59; Agatho 
 74 ; Aiax 59 ; Alexandrini 31 , 68 ; 
 Apelles 64 ; Aratus 40 ; Asia 44, 
 75 ; Atellania 53, 68 ; Athana 58 ; 
 Athenae 38; Augustus 30, 69; 
 Baiae 53; Bromius 41; Caesar 
 51, 76; Capua 62; Carpus 36, 
 40 ; Cassandra 52, 74 ; Cerdo 60 ; 
 Chiam 63; Chrysanthus 42; 
 Cicero 55 ; Cinnamus 30 ; Corin- 
 thus 31, 50; Croesus 64; Cumae 
 
 48, 53 ; Cyclops 48 ; Daedalus 52, 
 74; Dama 41 ; Diana, Diomedes 
 59 ; Dionysus 41 ; Echion 45 ; 
 Ephesus 70 ; Euhius 41 ; Faler- 
 num 21, 28, 34, 55; Felicio 60, 
 67 ; Fortuna 29, 43, 55 ; Gains 30, 
 
 / 
 
142 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 50, 53, 54, 62, 67, 74, 75; Gany- 
 medes 44, 59 ; Glyco 45 ; Habin- 
 nas 77 ; Hannibal 50 ; Helena 59 
 Herculis 48; Hermeros 52, 59 
 Hermogenes 45 ; Hipparchus 40 
 Homerus 48, 59 (bis) ; Ilias 29 
 Ilium 50 ; Incuboui, India 38, 55 
 Iphigenia 59; luppiter 44, 47, 51, 
 56, 58 (bis) ; Laenatis 29 ; Lares 
 29, 60; Laserpiciarius 35; Liber 
 41 ; Lucrio 60 ; Lyaeus 41 ; Mam- 
 maea, Manios 45 ; Margarita 64 ; 
 Mars 34, 55 ; Marsyas 34 ; Massa 
 69; Melissa 61, 62; Menecratis 
 73; Menelaus 27; Mercurius 29, 
 67, 77 ; Minerva 29, 43 ; Mithra- 
 dates 53 ; Mopsus 55 ; Mummius 
 52; Niceros 61, 63; Nioba 52; 
 Nocturnae 64 ; Norbanus 45, 46 ; 
 Oceupo 58; Odyssia 29; Opi- 
 mianum 34; Orcus, 34, 45, 46, 
 62; Palamedes 66; Parcae 29; 
 Pegasus 36; Petraitis 52, 71; 
 Phileros 43, 44, 46; Plocamus 
 64; C. Pompeius Diog. 38; C. 
 Pompeius Trim. 30, 71; Pom- 
 peiani 53; Priapus 60; Primige- 
 nius 46 ; Proculus 38 ; Publilius 
 55; Saturnalia 44, 58, 69; Mam. 
 Aem. Scaurus 77 ; Scintilla 67, 
 75; Scissa65; Scylax 64; Seleu- 
 cus 42 ; Serapa 76 ; Sibulla 48 ; 
 Stichus 77, 78; Syrus 52; Taren- 
 tum 38, 48, 61; Terraciniensis 
 48; Ulixes 39, 48; Venus 29, 68; 
 Vergilius 39, 68. 
 
 Negatives : neminem nihil 42 ; nee 
 sursum nee deorsum non cresco 
 58. 
 
 alias nenias 46, 47. 
 
 nesapius 50. 
 
 novendiale 65. 
 
 numerum omnium 63, 68. 
 
 nummos modio metitur 37. 
 
 Officials: ostiarius 28, 37, 64, 77; 
 dispensator 29, 30 (ter), 45 {bis), 
 
 53; procurator 30; supellectica- 
 rius 34 ; structor 35 ; scissor 36 ; 
 nomenculator 47 ; viator 47 ; ac- 
 tuarius 53 ; atriensis 53 ; saltu- 
 arius 53; circitor 53; balneator 
 53 ; cubicularius 53 ; nummula- 
 rius 56. 
 
 olim oliorum 43. 
 
 ossa bene quiescant 39 ; 65 
 
 Parataxis: rogo me putatis 39; 
 curat quid . . . mordet 44; r. 
 vos oportet 45, 63; oro . . . lo- 
 quere 45; spero imponet 47; r. 
 . . . tenes 48 ; narra . . . decla- 
 masti 48; r. . . . putas 55; s. 
 sic moriar 57; r. December est 
 58; o. narra illud 61; n. quare 
 . . . recunibit 66; vide si . . . 
 videtur 71; r. fruniscaris 75; 
 scitis habet 76. 
 
 hoc nemo parental 69; parentalia 
 78. 
 
 malam parram pilavit 43. 
 
 partes dico 46, 58, 75. 
 
 pataracina 41. 
 
 percolopabant 44. 
 
 petauristarius 47, 53 {bis) , 60. 
 
 piscina 72. 
 
 sibi placere 44, 46. 
 
 plane intensive 32, 35, 41, 43, 49, 53, 
 58, 63, 67; sarcasm or surprise 
 41, 69. 
 
 plussciae 63. 
 
 pollicem porcino 48. 
 
 Caesar non pote valdius quam 51. 
 
 prasinus 27, 64, 70 ; prasinianus 70. 
 
 promulsidaria 31. 
 
 Proverbs: vinum dominicum mi- 
 nistratoris gratia 31 ; aequum 
 Mars amat 34 ; sociorum olla 
 mala fervet 38; ubi semel res 
 inclinata, amici de medio 38; 
 pisces natare oportet 39 ; anti- 
 quus amor cancer 42 ; longe f ugit 
 quisquis suos f . ; nunquam recte 
 faciet qui cito credit 43; serva 
 
INDEX. 
 
 143 
 
 me servabo te 44; quod hodie 
 non est eras erit; qui asinum 
 non potest, stratum caedit; 
 milvo volante ungues resecare ; 
 colubra restem non parit; sibi 
 quisque peccat ; manus manum 
 lavat 45 ; quicquid discis tibi d. ; 
 literae thesaurum est, et artifi- 
 cium nunquam moritur 46 ; clivo 
 laborare 47 ; aquam foras vinum 
 intro 52; ubique dulce est ibi et 
 acidum 56; in molle came ver- 
 mes nascuntur ; in alio peduclum 
 vides, in te ricinum non 57 ; qua- 
 lis dominus, talis et servus 58; 
 qui vincitur vincit 59; in angu- 
 stiis amici apparent 61 ; tace 
 lingua, dabo panem 69; asciam 
 in crus impegi 74 ; assem habeas 
 assem valeas 77. 
 
 Puns : Carpe 36 ; Dionyse liber esto 
 41 ; controTersia 48 ; the apopho- 
 reta 56. 
 
 redde quod debes 57. 
 
 Repetition : magis magisque 49 ; 
 quid? quid? 49; voca voca 49; 
 quia enim 51 ; nisi si 58. 
 
 ridiclei 57. 
 
 in rutae folium 37, 58. 
 
 sacritus 63. 
 
 scordalias de medio 59. 
 
 scriblita 35, 66 {his) . 
 
 scruta scita 56. 
 
 serisapia et contumelia 56. 
 
 sevir 30, 57, 65; seviratus 71. 
 similia si siligine inferior esset 44. 
 Singing: 28, 31 {his), 'M., 35, 41, 52, 
 
 68, 69, 70, 73. 
 in sinum suum spuere 74 ; in fa- 
 
 ciem meam inspue 75. 
 staminatas duxi 41. 
 vafer et magnus stelio 50. 
 strigae 63 {his). 
 sucossi 38. 
 symphonia 32, 33, 34, 36 {his) , 47 ; 
 
 -cus 28. 
 tanquam: t. favus, t. mola 39; t. 
 
 libertus 41; t. favus 43, 76; t. 
 
 corvus 43; t. coda, t. mures, 
 
 t. tuba, t. unus de nobis 44; t. 
 
 vasum 51 ; t. urbis acta 53 ; t. 
 
 hircus 57; t. mus 58; t. orcus, 
 
 boTis, copo, lanio, meridie 62; 
 
 t. fumus 72; t. rana 74. 
 tanto melior 69. 
 tengomenas 34, 73. 
 terrae filius 43. 
 
 in capita tersit 27 ; in sinu t. 57. 
 omnia textorum dicta 33. 
 tutelam huius loci 57. 
 unus servus 26. 
 ursinae 66. 
 Tavatonem 63. 
 venies sub dentem 58. 
 versipellem 62. 
 vitalia 77. 
 
 non vxdt sibi male 38. 
 xerophagi ex sapa 56. 
 
THE STUDENTS' SERIES OF LATIN CLASSICS 
 
 UXDEB THE EDITORIAL SCPEEVISION OF 
 
 HENRY RUSHTON FAIRCLOUGH, Ph.D. 
 
 Stanford University. 
 
 The following volumes for College use are now ready: — 
 
 ATLAS OF THE GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY OF THE 
 ANCIENT WORLD. Edited by John K. Lord, Ph.D., 
 
 Professor in Dartmouth College. 
 
 CICERO. De Senectute et de Amicitia. By Charles E. Ben- 
 nett. A.M., Professor in Cornell University. 
 
 CICERO. De Oratore. Book I. based upon the edition of Sorof. 
 Bv W. B. Owen. Ph.D., Professor in Lafayette College. 
 
 GREEK AND ROMAN MYTHOLOGY. By Karl P. Har- 
 RixGTox. A.M., Wesleyan University, and Herbert C. 
 ToLMAX, Ph.D., Vanderbilt Universitv. 
 
 HORACE. Odes and Epodes. By Paul Shorey, Ph.D., and 
 Gordon J. Laing, Ph.D., Professors in Chicago Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 HORACE, Satires and Epistles, based upon the edition of 
 Kiessling. By James H. Kirkland, Ph.D., i^ofessor in 
 
 Vanderbilt University. 
 
 LATIN COMPOSITION, for College Use. Revised. 1909. By 
 Walter ^Miller. A.M., Professor in Tulane L'niversity. 
 
 LATIN COMPOSITION, for College Use. ^ By Jefferson 
 Elmore, Ph.D., Professor in Leland Stanford Jr. Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 LATIN HYMNS. By William A. Merrill, Ph.D., Professor 
 in the University of California. 
 
 LIVY. 3oo!i3 XXI and XXII, based upon the edition of Wolfflin. 
 Bv J')HN K. Ldrd, Ph.D., Professor in Dartmouth College. 
 
 LIVY. Book I. for rapid reading. By Professor Lord. 
 
 NEPOS, for ra^id reading. By Isaac Flagg. Ph.D., Associate 
 Professor in the University of California, 
 
PETRONIUS, Cena Trimalchionis, based upon the edition of 
 Biicheler. By W. E. Waters, Ph.D., the University of 
 New York. 
 
 PLAUTUS, Captivi, for rapid reading. By Grove E. Barber, 
 A.M., Professor in tlie University of Nebraska. 
 
 PLAUTUS, Menaechmi, based upon the edition of Brix. By 
 Harold N. Fowler, Ph.D., Professor in the Western 
 Reserve University. 
 
 PLAUTUS, Trinummus. By H. C. Nutting, Ph.D., Instructor 
 in Latin in the University of California. 
 
 PLINY. Selected Letters, for rapid reading. By Samuel 
 Ball Platner, Pli.D., Professor in the Western Reserve 
 University. 
 
 SALLUST, Catiline, based upon the edition of Schmalz. By 
 Charles G. Herbermann, Ph.D., LL.D., Professor in the 
 College of the City of New York. 
 
 TACITUS, Agricola and Germania, based upon the editions of 
 Schweizer-Sidler and Drager. By A. G. Hopkins, Ph.D., 
 
 Late Professor in Hamilton College. 
 
 TERENCE, Adelphoe, for rapid reading. By William L. 
 CowLES, A.M., Professor in Amherst College. 
 
 TERENCE, Haaton-Timorumenos. By F. G. Ballentine, 
 
 Ph.D., Assistant Professor in Bucknell University. 
 
 TERENCE, Phormio, based upon the edition of Dziatzko. By 
 Herbert C. Elmer, Ph.D., Assistant Professor in Cor- 
 nell University. 
 
 THE PRIVATE LIFE OF THE ROMANS, a manual for the 
 u.se of schools and colleges. By Harriet Waters Pres- 
 ton and Louise Dodge. 
 
 VALERIUS MAXIMUS, Fifty Selections, for rapid reading. 
 By Charles S. Smith, A.M., George W^ashington Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 VELLEIUS PATERCULUS, Historia Romana, Book II. By 
 
 F. E. RocKwooD, A.M., Professor in Bucknell University 
 
 BENJ. H. SANBORN & CO., Publishers, 
 CHICAGO NEW YORK BOSTON