JK 1894 DEMOCRATIC Campaign Book, CONGRESSIONAL ELECTION !894. BY AUTHORITY OF DEMOCRATIC CONGRESSIONAL COMMITTEE. WASHINGTON, D. C: Habtmajj & Cadick, Pbinteeb. 1894. OS. What the Democratic Congress Did. It repealed the Sherman Silver Law which required the Government to purchase au-juall}^ 54,000,000 ounces of sil- ver and pay for the same in gold obl'gations, thereby menac- ing the credit of the Government, and imperiling the sta- bilit}' of our commercial, manufacturing and financial interests. It removed from the statutes the federal Election Law, the most odious and undemocratic measure ever enacted, and thereby restored to the people of the sovereign States full and complete control over their elections, free from the in- tervention of supervisors and deput}^ marsh'. Is, whose sole duties, under Republican supremac}', had een to intimi- date, arrest and imprison electors before the}^ had cast their ballots. It reduced the expenditures of the Government below these of the last Republican administration more than $28,= 000,000, thereby relieving the people from the pa3'ment of that immense sum into the Federal Treasury to stimu- late extravagant jobs. It reformed the abuses in the various Departments, and by t'.e aid of the heads of the :ame dispensed with ^use- less positions, thereby reducing the salary list more i $i,coo,ooo annually. It repealed that most obnoxious, ill-formed and cp] sive measure called the IMcKinley Law, and substitute its stead a measure of revenue reform that will re trade and restore prosperit3\ 3 M111248 4 DEM«>CR.AJIC CAMP.AKtN BOOK- It de5tro\'ed the poli:}' of pa\'i.ig out f the public furvds in the Treasury, deiived from taxes collected , from the people, millions of doLars annually in the way of bounties to aid private individuals in the prosecution of their private industries. It provided for the taxation, by States, counties, and municipalities of more than three hundred millions of taxable values which had heretofore not onl}^ been exempt from taxation, but had enabled unscrupulous persons, by fraudulent practices, to escape from their just share of the burdens of domestic government. It placed upon the statute books the most drastic meas- ure against combinations, trusts, and monopolies engaged in foreign commerce ever enacted. It provided for an Income Tax upon the wealth of the country, thereby placing upon the shoulders of the rich a due share of the burdens of orovernment. It recognized the dignity of labor b}^ providing by law a National Holiday in the District of Columbia upon which the working people may c> ase from toil and unite in a peaceful celebration of their achievements and triumphs. It enacted more than two hundred laws for the benefit of the people in different sections of the countr3^ Cause of Panic of 1893. The Inevitable Result of Four Years of Republican Maladministration. REVENUES FALL-EXPENDITURES RISE. The False Cry of Fear ol' Tariff L.egislation and Democratic Rule. The strenuou.s effort made by protectionists to impress upon the minds of the people that the depression of last year was caused by the fear that the tariff would be reformed and that all that was necessary to insure a speedy return of good timea was to cease the agitation of this question, in the light of the history of the last few years under high protection, was supremely ridiculous. Could it be possible that the mere accession of tlie Democratic party to power in all the departments of the Government, upon the profession of principles under which the civilized people of every country of the world, which has practised them, in- cluding ourselves, had accumulated wealth and attained a higher degree of prosper- ity, had the effect, in so short a space of time, to convert a prosperous people into a helpless and dependent state? Is it not more credible that the great disaster which came upon us was the outgrowth of a false system of economy which, with all our matchless resources, we were unable to longer stand? Will not future genen ' when they look back to our times to draw lessons of wisdom to guide hem direction in which they should go, rather ascribe our reverses to our fo'lies i of our fears? Are the advocates of a restrictive policy ready to confess tha withstanding our unpai-allel.-d resources, thirty years of protection had iai > , estabUsh our Industrie- upon a foundation sufficiently firm to withstand e^:.. ' proposition looking to a conservative modification of its structure? 5 n DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. If ever tlie influence and operation of a protective tariflf could have brought wealth and happiness to a people, or measurably, have preserved the same fiom de- struction by the ingress of injurious competition, most assuredly the lait twenty should have been years of uninterrupted prosperity. Have they been? We chal- lenge the advocates of protection to point to a period of like duration in the history of this or any other country during which there has b^en so many depres- sions, such serious conflicts between employers and employees, more factories closed, or a greater number of commercial failures recorded. From 187.3 to 1882, in- clusive, the number of failures was 74,978, with liabilities aggregating $1,048,310,- 517. From 1883 to 1890 we were constantly on the verge of a financial crash. The Secretary of the Treasury was continually forced to purchase bonds and prepay in- terest to check the alarm. With all however that could be done, we had the strin gency of 1883, the panics of 1884 and of 1890. The number of failures during this period, including the years 1883 and 1890, ex- ceeded 82,000, with liabilities more than $1,250,000,000. The failures, which num- bered 6,738 in 1882, arose to 9,184 in 1883, and 10,907 in 1890, with liabilities ag- gregating $189,850,964. Not since th? tariff revi -ion of 1883 went into effect has the number of failures fallen below 9,000 in a single year. During this period the conflicts between employers and employees in^rea-ed until riots and bloodshed becam? so num?rous as to excite but littl? interest except in the most extreme cases. Daring the years 1883, 1884, 1885, and 1886, we had 2,977 strikes in 17,271 establishments, embracing 1,039,011 emploj-ees. The num- ber of strikes increased from 471, affjcting 129,591 e:nployees in 1881, to 1,411, af- fecting 499,489 employees in 1886. During the vears 1882 to 18SG, inclusive, lock- outs occurred in 2,214 establishm;'nts, affecting 175,270 employees. The estimated wage loss to employees by reason of strikes an I lo:koits during these six years ag- gregated $.59,972,440. In 1890 the McKinley law went into op;u-ation and note the result: f,^*' irUnd.T the operation o[ this act the number of failures arose from 10,907, with »^^ liabilities agj:regating $189,856,964, in 1890, to 1^,273, with liabilities aggregating v>$189,868,693 in 1891, and the conflicts between employers and employees, which liad theretofore culminated only in combats and riot-, became battle.^ between great fore s armed with rifle and cannon. The number of failures in 1892 was 10,270, while in 1893 it reached the maximum height, 15,560, with liabilities ag'rregatin;:^ $462,000,000, as against asset ^ amounting to $262,000,000. In no country has there been such a disturb.'d and unsettled condition as we had. We reached a point when idleness became so commou that the f^^ats of the tramp were consicL'red laudable avocations. Since the passage of the aiew tariff act trade ha • become active, idle factories are starting up and the hopes of the people are one • more animated by the beliJ that a long period of solid prosperity is in store for them. The trouble was not tliat tariff legislation was threatened, but lather that it was not an accomplished fact. The long delay was the result of Republican opposit.on in the Sen .te, and to that party should be charged the increasc-d misery and suffering which resulted fro s tlij same. l^. THE PANIC OF 18'.)3. 7 The Cause of the Panic of 1893. The 'omin^rcial depression and inon3tary crisis wliich swept over the couiit*'y in IS!).], and from the e.Tects of %vhic!i we have but partially recovered, has bseu per- sist^-ntly chai-ged, by the leaders and the press of the R-piiblii-an party, as the result o- Democratic success at the last eleL'tion, and the fear that the policies es- poused by that party would hi L-arried into e3ect by Congres.-ion il enactments. It is not the purpose of tliis chapter to enter into any labored argument to prove the absurdity of this accusation, but simply to recall the facts which preceded o ir re- verses and leave the student to draw his own conclusions. Before tmcing the com- mercial and linancial history of the last ten yeirs, which cast a flood of light on this question, it is in ordoi- to remove af jw fallacies which have found lodgment in the minds of a great many sincere persons. ^Silver .^louey. Not a few believe that the disaster whicli cama upon us last year was the result of the limited silver policy which had baen pursued sin^e t'le demon- etization of the white meta' in 1873. On the 1st day of July, 1893, we had in silver coin, §4:93,637 573, and in Treasury notes, issued in paym3nt3 for purchases of silver bullion, under the Sherman act of 1890, $140,855,611, making a total circulation of $.337,543,187. Thi^ is by far the lai-gest volume of silver ever in use as a pa-t of our circulation. We have, in times pa~t, enjoyed the greatest prosperity, with a much less supply, and it cannot, therefore, be said that the crash of last year was the result, solely, of a deficiency in the volume of silver money. "Whatever influence the silver question had upon our prosperity, and, it is not intended to here claim or argue that it did nit have an important one, it is certainly evident that it was not solely because of a scant supply of silver mon -v. » Ample Currency. Again, m:ny were firmly of the opinion that the result wa= ca i«ed by an insuffi- cient supply of money, and tliis belief was st.engthened by the fact that a large amount of clearing-hoise ceraficit >s and other substitutes had to be issued to tide o er the stringency. The scarcity o. currency, however, was the result and not the cau;5e, as 'hese certificates were soon retired by the return to circulation of the money, which, at the first approach of the storm, had souglit safety in retirement. That this opinion was eri'oneous is fully established by the fact that on the 30th dny o June, 1892, we had a to.al circulation, including gold, silver an 1 paper money, of §1,753,953,744 ; the largest per capita in the history of the country. In what has been sail as to the quantity of silver and the total circulation pe- capita, it has not been the purpose to arg le to any one that we have all the silver we can use, or tliat the volume of our circulation is fully adequate to the require- in -nts of the people. These are questions entirely outside of the purview of tliis (■'.lapter. All that it is inten lei to he e imoress upon the m'nd of the student is, tliat the recent panic resulte 1 from causes (jther than simply the scarcity of silver nion.y, or an insuffiuency in the volume of our circulation. KeaS Cause. AVhat, then, was the primary eau e? '.Vas it the result of a fear upon the part of t'le people that the Democi-atic party woul I carry into effect the policies it liad advoc:.ted? Di I the great busines- interests of the country becouie ah}rmcd at liie '.'lecti v.i of Mv Cleveland, in 1892? 8 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Tlie people in the great couinieicial and financial centei.? of tlie country endorsetl him in such a decisive manner as to demonstrate, beyond controversy, the supreme contklence they had in the wi.sdom of the p )licies he represented. Even if this had not been the case, if the Democratic party h?.d succeeded to power under th.e leadership of an untried captain, and the great business int«re.st3 of th?coanry had harbored forebodings as to the future, does any one believe that a collapse from a sound, stable and healthy prospe.ity could, for that reason, have c»me upon the country so suddenly and with such terrible force. That the disaster which so soon followed upon the atlvent to power of the Dem- cratic Administration was the direct result of the preceding four years of R.^publi- can rule can be demonstrate 1 as clearly as any fact in governmental affairs can be established. A comparison of the receipts and expenditures of ^Ir. Harrison's with Mr. Cleveland's first term presents many : triking contrasts. Comparison of receipts and expenditure^, exclusive of postal, for four years beginning June 30, 1885, and ending June 30, 1893. CLEVELAND' .S. Years. Receipts. Exp- uilitures Sni'plns 1886 ' $336,439,727 i 1887 371,403,277 1888 ' 379,266,074 : 1889 1 387,050,058 Total '■ 81,474,159.132 \ ^_ HARRISOX' $242,483,1.38 315,835,428 259,653,958 281,996,615 81,099.969,139 ?;93,956,5S!) 55,567,849 119,612,116 105,053,443 r4. 189. 997 1890 1801 IftV 8403,080,982 392,612,448 354.937,785 385; 819, 628 8297, 731), 484 355,372,685 345,023,331 383,477,894 $105,344,498 37,239.763 9,014,454 1893 2.341,734 Total 81.536,450,843 $1,381,610,397 8154.840,449 It will be seen from the foregoing table that for the four years of Mr. Cleveland's administration, the total receipts were 862,291,711 less; the totd expenditures, 8281,641,258 less, while the sui-plus was 8219,349,548 more than during Mr. Harri- son's. Still more important facts may be noted by a lurtlier examination. The revenues increased ev-ry year during Mr. Cleveland's term, beginning with 8336,- 439,723 in 1886, and ending with $387,050,058 in 1889, while the reverse, with the exception of a single year, is true of Mr. Harrison's. During the latter's term the revenue fell from $403,080,982 in 1890, to $354,937,785 in 1892, and $385,^19,626 in 1893, and the surplus revenues from $105,344,496 in 1800, to $2,344,674 the last year of his term. It is an unqu:?stioned fact that an increase in the revenues of the Government is the highe'^t evidence of the prosperity of its people while a diminution of the same is a sure indication of depression. THE PAXIO OF i»'Jo. y A table of the import:! and exports of gold coin aud bullion during the rospeotive terms is equally significant. Siatcmeat of the imports and exports of gold coin and bullion by fiscal years from March 1, 1885, to March 1, 1889, and from March 1, 1889, to March 1, 1893, and from. March 1, 1893. to June :50, 1894. Fiscal Years Imports. Experts. 1885, March to June 83.333,625 , §3,480,161 1885-6 20.743,349 t 42,952,191 188:3-7 42,910.601 9,701.187 1887-8 43.934,317 ' 18,376,234 July, 18SS to .March. IsS.i 7..3S6.1S7 | 20,808,768 Tot.il 8118 308,079 S95.324,.541 1889, March to .June 32,898,671 | 530,143,507 1889-90 ..... 12,943,342 17,274,491 1890-91 18,232,567 86,362,654 1891-92 49,700,454 I 50,195,327 July, 1802, to March, 1893, ^ 11.043,720 | 09,832,578 Total : 8^>4,S1S.754 S252,803,557 1893, March to June : $10,120,661 I §42,235 575 1893-94 : 72,453.066 j 77,038.729 I\IiNT Bureau, July 10, 1S94. It will be seen from the foregoing table that the net inoorts of gold during 'Mr. Clevelaul's administration was $22,788,538. Only during two of the years of hia term did the exports exceed the imports, an:l then not to the extent of the domes- tic }:)roduction. During :\Ir. Harrison's administration there was not a single ye.ir that the exports did not exceed the imports; the total reaching the startling sum of $157,989,803. During the last three months, December, January, and February, of the hitter's term, the net exports were over $36,000,003, being at the rate of more than $12,000,000 a month, or $140, 000, 000a year; while during the first four months of Mr. Cleveland's present term it was but a little over $32,000,000, and during the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, only $4,584,663. The whole administration of Mr. Harrison, with the exception of the first year, which was in some respects prosper- ous, as a result of the great impetus given to it by the four preceding years of sound economical administration, was that of falling revenues, increasing expenditures, and a heavy flow of gold from the country. Any of these was calculated to excite apprehension but the three combined were sutficient to and did destroy private confidence as well as the public credit. The sound financial condition of the Treasury at the time Mr. Cleveland deliv- ered his great trust to :\Ir. Harris' ju, enabled the latter to g ide smoothly through the first year of his administration, but when he returned it to the hands from whence he received it there was nothing but an imp.xired credit and an empty purse . Is it not, therefore, appar nt that the great dep-ession of last year was bora, 10 DEMOCRATIC CAJIPAIGX BOOK. gathere.1 its stren rth au 1 stirtji upo i its coar.-i of devastation and riiii\ d irinT: the Republicin administration and gained su?h a velocity that Mr. Carlisle was un- able to at one stay its progress? False Statemeut or Account. At the very baginniug of Mr. Hirrison's administration a feeling of unrest an I insecurity began to show itsalf in finansial centers an:l continued, with sUght in- tervds, to the end of his term. Diriag th,^ year 1S90 the financial stringency became s > grear, that Secretary Windom was compelled to purchase Government bonds to the amount of $73,694,850, for which he paid pre niums amounting to §21.222,894. Darinj the last months of Mr. Harrison's administration ali sor s of rumors were in circulation. T le r^po-'t was current that an issue of bonds had been contracted by Secretary Foster in order to protect the gol 1 reserve in th_^ Treasury, and, but f )r the assistance of the New York baikers, such a transa.'tion certainly would have been necessary. He had, in fact, given orders for the prepara. tions >f th ' plan's upon which the bonds wjre to b3 printed. It was only by a change in the form of the statz^m^nts and a judging with the funds that Secretary Foster was able to shov an apparant balance at th • end of liis term. Under the provisions of an act pas:-ed by the 51st Congress, the fund in the Treasury for the redemption o'. t'le national bank notes was made an asset instead of a liability. Tiie surp'us'in the Treasury was in this way inflated by the tra is- fe." of $54,207,975 from one side of the ledger to tae other. Not a single cent was by this change added to th3 assets nor a single penny taken from the liablities, yet t!iere was an apparent increase of the surplus of more than fiuy millions of dollar^,. The subsidiary silver coin, being a legal tender for sums not exceeding five dol- lars, had been considered, prior to Mi". Harrison's administration, as unavailab'e for the payment of the obligations of the Tovernment, and, therefore, had not been counted as an available asset. This was likevvise transferred from the column of unavailable to that of the available assets, and the surplus was again augmentei without the addition of a far.hing. H.id this system of stating the accounts been in use at tlie end of Mr. Cleveland's term, the surplus in the Treasury, including the reserve, would have been $183,827,190, instead of §148,19 j, 158. AVhatever, therefore, of these two funds was on hand at the end of Mr. Harrison's administni- tion s.hould have been deducted from the surplus as stated in order to have arrived at the true balance. The amount of the National Bank Redemption Fund on hand March 1st, 1893, was $22,272,061, and of fractional silver, $10,971,875, theaggr gr.te of the two being $33,243,936. Deducting these sums from the balance s.at.^d March 1st, 1893, to wit : $24,128,087, an I f-ere was a real deficiency of $9,115,849. This was the condition when Secretary Carlisle took charge. Tiie surplus had been stjuandered ; our gold was being tran^poited to Europe at the rate of $12,0 X),- 000 a mr it with gold obligations. The effect of these two measures was to so impair the credit and cripple the com- merce of the country as to augment instead of allay the fears of the people. Under theShermanlaw$156,00),000inTreasury notes were issued and immediately be- came a charge against the gold reserve in the Treasury. This constantly and rapidly increasing menace, with a pr >mised deficiency, was more than the credit of the nation could stand, and hence during the last year of Mr. Harrison's administra- tion there was an actu 1 d_^ficiency of $9,115,849, while the bdanee of trade, which, under reasonable conditions, should always be in our favor, at the end of the fiscal year, was $18,735,728 against us. The Sherman a^t, in compliance with the Ohi- ca-o platform, was repealed, but not until serious damage had been done to both public and private credit. The repeal of this measure, while it may not have had the immediate beneficial effects that were predicted, was cert vinly an important factor in allaying the fears of the people and staying the course of the panie. The net exports of gold during the last fiscal yea • was only $4,585,60.3, as against $86,- 897,275 the year pi-evious. The repeal of this measure, although an imperative necessity, left the country without any means of increasing its volume of money e::cept by additions to its stock of gold or an increase of national bank currency. The disturbed conditi.jn of affairs has made it impossible for the Democratic party to mature a satisfactory plan for the reformation of our financial system, but after the settlement of other qu -s- tions, now pressing for solution, this great desideratum will unquestionably be suc- cessfully accomplished. 1^ DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. IMPORTATION OF LABOR BY CONTRACT—A REPUB- Lie AN MEASURE. The subject of legislation affecting the interests of the laboring classes has be- come an important matter. Our wage-workers are in a great measure an organized class, and as such have become a most potent factor in educating and influencing the masses upon political questions. All parties, therefore, are making great efforts to win their approbation and support. The most ardent professions for their interest and welfare have been and will be expressed in platforms and proclaimed upon the stump. This class of our citizens, however, have long since realized that but little faith could be put in the pledges of platforms or the profession of politicians, and that the only sure guide to the principles which control a party is to be found in the record which it has made. The members of the Eepublican party are boastful in their professions of devo-. tion to the interests of American labor. They profess to be its special protectors, and without their guardianship one would conclude, from their pretensions, that our laboring classes would long since have been reduced to a condition of depend- ency and servitude more deplorable than that of the poorest-paid labor of Europe. It is not intended at this time to do little more than call attention to some of the legislation w'hich seriously affected the welfare of our laboring classes, so that they may readily fix the responsibility for their enactment or non-enactment where it rightfully should be. In 1864, Congress pas.sed an act substantially entitled an ace to encourage immi- gration. This was its ostensible purpose, but its real object was to clothe contrac- tors, mine owners, and manufacturers with power to contract with and impor* laborers from Europe to supplant American workmen, and to reduce the price of American wages. Mr. E. B. Washburn, in reporting the same to the House, said : The vast number of laboring men, estimated at nearly ona n;ill;on and a quarter, who have left their peaceful pursuits and patriotically gone forth in defence of our government and its institutions, has created a vacuum which is becoming seriously felt in every portion of the country. Xever before in our history has there existed so unprecedented a demand for labor as at the present time. This demand exists everywhere. It exists in the agricultural districts of the northwest ; in the centml States ; in New England, and among the shipping interests of the lakes and the seaboard, and is felt in every field of mechanical and manufacturing industry. The dearth of laborers is severely felt in the coal and iron mines of Peimsyivania ; in the coal mines of Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois ; in the lead mines of Galena; and in the gold and silver mines of California, Nevada, Idaho, and Colorado. * * * It is believed that the demand for laborers on our railroads aln members of Congress was ever ca'led to this matter. On the 13ch o: Decern )er, 1839, Senator Wilson, of M .ss.ich.isetts, introla-jed a bill (S. 378) to regulate the importation of imm'grants under contract. This bill was called up by him on the 22d of April, 1870, and its consideration urged ; but S.-nator Ferry, of M chigm, objecied and the bill was referred to the Com-.nittee o i Cjmmerce, a majo-'ity of whom were Republicans, who reported against its pass- age. They were unwilling t > cousi.ler a b'.U to even regulate the subject four year.^ aft?r the war was o er. On the 5th of Februa v, 1870, Senat r Wilson introduced another bill (S. 5'.>:5) to make 'he impoitatioa of immigrauts under contract unlawful. He m.ade several eflfort-! to secure consideration of che same without reference to a committee, but objections were made, and on December 12, 1870, it was referred to the Com- mittee on Education and Labor and was never heard of ag un. No power wm strong enough to carry a bill througli .he c .in.nittee; the ears of Republicans were deaf to all appeals. Tiiey saw American aorkmen out of employment, wages going down, strikes and lock-outs daily occurring, but none of the.se aroused their attention. I remained for a Democratic House of Representatives to repeal th s odious and injurious measure, an I to force the Republican Senate to take action befere anything could be accomplished. On the Sth of January, 1884, Mr. Foran of Ohio introduced a bill (H. R. 2550) to prohibit the importation of foreign labor under contract. This bill passed the House on the 19th of June, 1884. The bill was sent to the Senate where it was referred to the Committee on Edu- cation and Labor. It was r(?port:^d back at an early day, and repeated but fruitless eiil»rts made to secure consideration of it until in February, 1885, when it tl laliy passed that body. I-.et every iutelligeni workingmen in the country examine witli- out prejudice this record and if he does not comj to the couclusioa that tho.se who upheld this law for tae importation of contract labor for so many years were not his friends, we shall doubt his ability to select them. 14 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGX BOOK. laborers not only a li^n upon any land that they might ent?r, but upon the wages they might earn. Senator Sherman, in reporting this u^nsar^ to the Senate, very adroitly tried to conceal its real purpose, bat inad>-3rt-\iDly disolo^ jd th3 sjoret bafore con^lading his statement. He said: "The special wants for labor in this country at tins presant time are very greU. The war has depleted oar workshops and materially lessened oar supply of labor m every department of industry and mi^hanis n. Int'.iiir noble response to tli3 call of their country our workmen in every branch of th3 useful arts have left vac in - cies, which must be filled or the material interests of the country must suffer. The immense amount of native labo:-oj3upied by the war calls for a largj inere.ise of foieigu immigration to make up the deflaien^y at hooie. Tiie dsmaal for labor never was greater than at present, and the fields of usefulness were never so varied and promising." It was true, as stated by Senator Slier luvn, that there was "a noble respon se tc the call of their country " by the workingmen, but while absent fighting its battle- their vacant places should not have be- n filled with cheap laborers imported from Europe under conti-act. Paupers unable to get to this country under the terms and provisions of this law could virtually enslave themselves in foreign countries to American contractors and American manufacturers, and the contract would be en- forced here to the fullest extent. The second secion of this law neads as follows: • ^e:. 2*. And be it further enacted, Thit all contracts that shall be made by emi- grants io the United States in foreign countries, in conformity to regulations that may be established by th J said Com: nissioaer, whereby emig>-ants shall pledge the wages of their labor for a term not exceeding twelve months, to repay the expenses of tlieir emigration, shall be he'd to be valid in law, and may b3 e.iforjed in the courts of the Unitid States or of the several States and TerritDri/s; and such ad- V mces. if so stipulated in the contract, and the contract be recorded in the record- er's office in the county where the emigrant shall settle, shall operate as a lien up?n any laid thereafter acquired by the emigrant, whether uuder the homestead law when the title is consummated, or on property otherwise acq i-ired until liquidated by the emigrant; bat nothing herein contained shall be deemed to authorize any c-)ntraot conLravening the Constitutioa of the United States, or crea-an^: in any way the relation of slavery or servitude." (U. S. Stats, at Large, vol. 15, lSfJ3-G5. ) The extent to which the authors of this measure kncA^ they wei'e going is appar- ent from the last lines of this section — "but nothing herein contained shall bj deemed to authorize any contra t, contravention of the Constitution of th^ Unite 1 States, or creating in any way the relation of slavery or servitude." A further provision of this law exempted the immigrants imported under on- tract from military service. The American woikman might be taken from his place in the shop at any time, but the imported laborer was in no danger. When we ask Republicans why they took advantage of the absence of the wage- workers who were in the Army, they say it was necessary. Labor was scarce and wages were high! Will they answer why, when the war was over, when the armies disbanded and tlie men returned home to take their places, this law was not re- pealed? AVill they inform us why, when a half million or more of men were dis- charged from the mills or factories in 1873, this law was kept upon the statute books? Will they answer why during th it long period of depression, when hun- dreds o thousand^ of men were out of employment and seeking work, it vva;i neces sary to imp irt a- was done under this law, large numbers of Earop^an iabore s? LABOR LEGISLATION, 15 LABOR DAY A HOLIDAY. Made One by a Democratic Congress for the Benefit ol the Workers. Be it enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United Slates of Amer- ica in Congress assembled, That the first Monday of vSeptember in each j^ear, being the day celebrated and known ti5 Labor's Holiday, is hereby made a legal public holiday, to all intents and purposes, and in the same manner as Christmas, th first day of January, the twenty-second day of February, the thirtieth day of ]\Iay, and the fourth day of July are now made by law public holidays. Approved, June 28, 1894. 16 DBtMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. RESTRICTING CHINESE IMMIGRATION. All Legislation to that end has been Secured by the Democratic Party. Not only the Pacific coast, but our entire country is vitally interested in the sub- ject of Chinese immigration, and the most casual examination of the Congressional Record will show that our toilers owe all the beneficial legislation th^t has been had upon this subject to the Democratic party, and while many Repuljlican converts have been made of late years, their change of he.^.rt is due to the persistent wort accomplished under Democratic leadership. The efforts to restrict Chinese immigi-ation as far as Congre-s is concerned began December 0, 1869. Upon that date Senator Williams of C)regon introduced a bill to regukite immigration and to prevent importation of coolie labor. This bill was in- definitely postponed upon motion of Senator Zach. Chandler, a Republican. In January, 1S70, Representative Johnson (California) introduced a joint resolu- tion to restrict this immigration, but the Republican coip.mittee refu.sed to re- port it. On Jime 6, 1870, Senator Stewart of Xeva .a introduced a bill to prohibit ontracts for servile labor. Also defeatt- d. On June 7, Representative Sargent (Cal.fornia) introduced a similar bill in the House. Xo report was made. On July 7, 1870, Representative Mungen (Ohio) introduced a resolution for the protection of American labor against Chine.se. This was killed in committee. On July 9, 1870, Representative Cake (Pennsylvania) introduced a resolution against the importation of Chinese coolies and directing- an investigation. This bill also failed in committee. On D'.'cember 18, 1871, Repre^ntative Coughlan (California) introduced a bill to Ijrohibit contracts for servile labor, which was referred to the Judiciary Committee. This committee was discharged from further consideration and the bill referred to another c immittee, which reported a substitute never considered. On April 30, 1872, Senator Casserly (California) introduced a bill to prohibit con- tracts for servile labor, which also died in committee. In 1879, Mr. "Willis, our present Minister to the Hawaiian Islands, reported to the House a restriction bill. He took strong grounds against Chinese i;nmigration. He concluded his statement in these words : "No self-governing country can afford to diminish or de.«troy the dignity, welfare and independence of its citizens. Justic to the people of the Pacific coa.st, the dictates of common humanity and benevo- lenve, as well as tlie plainest suggestions of practical statesmanship, all demand that the problem of Chinese immigration shall be solved while it is yet within the legis- lative control. Governed by these views, your committee present and recommend the passage of the bill accompanying this report." CHINESE IMMIGRATION. 17 "When this measure was adopted, Mr. Garfield (afterwards President) proposed an amendment to prevent the bill from going into effect until the Chinese Empire was apprised of the termination of the then treaty. The amendment being de- clared out of order, the bill w'as ordered to engrossment and a third re.uling. On its passage under a call from the yeas and nays, Mr. Garfield failed to vote, and the measure was passed by 155 yeas to 72 nays. (Record, Forty-fifth Congress, tiiird session, p. 801.) Of the aflirmative votes 104 were Democratic and 51 Kepublican. Those voting in the negative were 56 Eepublicans and 16 Democrats. The Senate considered and passed the bill on the 15th of February. In that body 22 Democmts and 19 Republicans and 1 Independent voted in the affirmative, and 20 Eepublicans and 8 Democrats in the negative. The Senate made certain amendments, and when the bill was reported back to the House, Mr. "Willis moved that the bill be taken up and that the House concur in the Senate amendments. ^Ir. Garfield called for separate votes on each amendment. The motion was made to lay the bill and amendments on the table. This vote was lost by 95 yeas to 140 nays, 3Ir. Garfield voting yea. The measure was vetoed by President Hayes, and failed to pass over the veto — the House vote being, j'eas, 110, nays, 96. As prominent a Republican as Geneml Garfie'.d lead the negatives. ( Record, Forty-fifth Congress, third session, p. 2277. ) Of the 110 members who voted to pass the measure over the veto were 88 Demo- crats and 22 Republicans. Tlie negative vote was composed thus : Republicans 81, Democrats 15. In September, 1880, a new treaty was negotiated by which the United States were given the right to i-estrict immigration, and in 1882 a bill supending immi- gration of Chinese laborers for the p.'riod of twenty years passed the House by a vote of 167 to 66. This vote was divided as follows : Yeas, Democrats 98 ; Green- backers 8 ; Republicans 61. Nays, Republicans 62 ; Democrats 4 ; total, 68. In the Senate : Yeas, Democr.^ts 31 ; Republicans 6 ; total, 37. Nays, Democrats none ; Republicans 28 ; Independent 1 ; total, 29. This bill was vetoed by a Re- publican President, and upon the question of passing it over his veto the Senators voted just as they did upon the original question. This, of course, defeated it. Thereupon a new bill in which the term of exclusion was limited to ten years and which was really the first positive exclusion act, was passed. Upon this measure the vote in the House was, yeas : Democrats, 103 ; Republicans, 91 ; Greenbackers, 7 ; total, 201. Nays : Republicans, 34 ; Democrats, 3 ; total, 37. In the Senate, yeas : Democrats, 31 ; Republicans, 9 ; total. 40. Nays : Repub- licans, 24 ; Democrats, none ; Independent, 1 ; total, 25. This measure is known as tjae act of May 6, 1882. Afterwards the Federal judges in California held that Chinamen who were sub- jects of countries other than China were not within the restrictions of this law, and thereupon another act of July 5, 1884, was passed, for the purpose of remedying the defect. The vote upon the act of 1884 in the House was as follows : Yeas, 184 ; nays, 13. The nays were all Republican. Tiie bill was reported favorably by the Committee of Foreign Affairs of the House by a strict party vote, and the record show that every voice raised against it, as well as every vote, was Republican. Its fate in the Senate was exceedingly dubious until the pressure of campaign necessities forci*d it through. When the act of 1884 was under consideration, ex-President Harrison, who wag 18 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. then a member of the Senate, failed to record himself, but he voted against the act of 1S82 and also voted to strike out the section which prohibited naturalization of the Chinese. (See record of t le S.mate of April 2S:h, 1882.) It will thus be seen that thre^ Republ can Presidents, viz : Hayes, Garfield, and Harrison, did not sympathize with the efforts made by the Democratic party to exclude Chinese cooie competition, and the same was true of President Arthur. The following declaration of two very eminent Republicans tend clearly in the same direction. Senator Oliver P. IMorton, who investigated the Chinese question by pereona inspection in California, presented a report to the body of which he was a mem- ber, entitled : Senate Mi ■. Doc. No. 20, 2d session, 44th Congress. Among other things he said : " But before entering upon the discussion of any other i^rinciple, I may be permitted to observe that in my judgment the Chinese cannot be pro- tected in the PacifiL' States while remaining in their alien condition. Without representation in the legislature or Congress, without a voice in the selection of officers, and surrounded by fierce, and in many respects, unscrupulous enemies, the law will be found insufficient to screen tliem from persecution. Complete pro- tection can be given them only by allowing them to become citizens and acquire the right of sufirage, when their votes would b.-come important iti elections and their per-ecuiions in gi-eat part converted into kindlv solicitation." Senator Hoar of Massachusetts, in a speech delivered in the Senate ^larch 1, 1882, ceclared that the Chinamen who obey the law was entitled " to go every where on t'e surface of the earth that his welfare may require." He further as- serted that "this privilege is beyond the rightful control of government." His Demo rati J colleagues ably and completely refuted this argum?nt. The following views of the leading San Francisco Republican papers further illus- trate this position : {San Francisco Call, April 10, 1882.) ^T twi;hstan.hng that most of the Republican Senators, except those who repre- sent '.he States of the Pacific, opposed the passage of the anti-Chinese bill, which President Arthur vetoed, there is a studied efibrt to deceive our people by saying that Democratic Congressmen are trying to defeat the passage of another anti-Chi- nese bill. ^Ve have reason to believe there is not a word of truth in it, for did not nearly all the Democratic Senators and Representatives in Congress do their utmost to pass the bill which the President, instigited by his stalwart friends, vetoed? [Snt Francisco CaU, April o, 18S2. ) Ti'.e recent exercise of the veto power by Presidetit Arthur in reference to the Chinese bill, is, perhaps, the m >st arbitrary act an American President has ever performed. The message is worse for the President and his party than if he had based it on an excessive term of prohibition. It is a flat contradiction of the plat- form on which he was elected, and raises the question whether the anti-Chinese plank in the Republican platform was not a deliberate deceit practiced on the peo- ple of this Coast. {San Francisco BaUetin,April 3, 1882.) The opposition exhibited to the Chinese by thesj facts has been extending in- stead of decreasing. It is, in sh.)rt, the development of a great labor question, CHINESE IMAUaRATION. 19 which no public man can face and continue in or enter public life. It has ahvady been formulated as pro tection to American labor, which is just as necessary as pro- tection to American manufactures. [San Francisco BuUedn, March .30, 18S2.) This state is to be saved by wise limits to Chinese immigration or it is to be hope- lessly cursed by immigration which is irredeemable and outside of all future im- provement. The journals and the politicians who prefer the latter alternative are not the friends of this country, and no argument of th.nr assumed philanthropy can make them such. The forces and the influences which are at work to-day in favor of unrestricted Chinese immigration are hostile to the Pacific Coast and to the best interests of the whole country. He who is not with us is against us. Hostility to the proposed measure is hostility to the prosperity of the Pacific .States, {San Francisco Call, Fcbruarif 9, 1882.) We fear that it is not quite so certain that a bill restricting Chinese immigi-ation will be passed during the present session of Congress, a? some of our contempo- raries seem to anticipate. Certain it is t'lat Republicans alone cannot pass it, for they have not a majority in both houses of Congress, and it is also known that souie Republicans will oppose any and all bills. No bill can possibly pass Congress unless it be approved by a majority of the Democratic members of the Senate and the House of Representatives. Of this our citizens may be assured; but as the Democratic party is proverbially the friend of labor, there cannot be any doubt that they will favor the passage of such a bill as will relieve this coast of its present troubles. {San Francisco Balhiin, April 29, 1882.) The bill for the exclusion of the Chinese passed the Senate yesterday by a vota of 32 to 1.5 — 22 Democrats, 9 Republicans, and David Davis, president pro tern., voting for it. All the Democratic Senators f i-om the West and those from the South voted for the bid. Ingalls, of Kansas, was inclined to assist us, but the missionary sniveling was probably too much for him, and he voted against the bill. Of the I.) votes in the negative 11 were furnished by New England — ^all its Senators but on \ This indicates that the area of Chinamania is confined principally to that sec- tion, with a queer extension in the direc, ion of Georgia. This area is also that which is devoted to the manufactui-e of cottons for the Chinese trades. The oLher four negatives were: Harrison, of Indiana; Ingalls, of Kansas; Lapham, of New York; Sherman, of Ohio. The bill which went through the Senate, was passed by the House by the enor- mous vote of 201 to 37, 6 more than two-third- of the whole body. Of the 201, 107 were Democrats and 94 Republicans. We will have the law on our side to stop the yellow tide, and the people of California will see that the law is executed. No technicalities, evasions, or loop-holes will be tolerated on this coast. {San Francisco Bulletin, March 10, 1882.) The bill suspending Chinese immigration passed the Senate yesterday. * •" * The great body of the negatives were Republicans. It is proper to state that two of them — Edmunds and Ingalls — would have voted for the bill if the term of suspen- 20 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. gion had been reduced to ten years. The only real Democratic vote in the negative — for Davis, of Illinois, is an unknown political quantity— was Brown, of Georgia. * * * It is quite apparent from the above vote that if the Republicans in the House cannot be rallied to the support of the measure more generally than in the higher chamber, there is some danger of the failure of the bill. Only a fifth of the Republican Senators voted against it. If thes^ proportions are maintained in the House, the shave by which the bill is likely to pass will be very slight, unless, in- deed, broader \'iews are more generally accepted there. {San Francisco Call, March 10, 1882. ) The anti-Chinese bill has passed the Senate by a majority of nearly two to one of the Senators voting — 29 to 15. It is a matter for congratulation that but fifteen Senators were willing to place t'lemselves on recorl in opposition to the right of government to regulate immigration. The position t iken by the opponents of the bill would have required us to sit quietly d.jwn and let foreign hordes crowd into our country without regard to their fitness to share with us the responsibilities of government. On ]March IGth, 1888, President Cleveland sent to the Senate for consideration a treaty by the terms of which Chinese laborers were t j be excluded for a term of twenty years. The Senate male two amendments of an immaterial character, but the Chinese Government refused to ratify the treaty as amended. Thereupon the act of October 1, 1888, was passed. Tiiis statute was kn )wn as the Scott exclusion act, and excluded all Chinese laborers not then in the I'nited States. Mr. Cleve- land, in approving this statute, sent a very clear and succinct statement to Congress demonstrating that the cause of the conduct of the Chinese government in refusing to act upon the treaty submitted it was neces ary to affirmatively legislate to the end that this country might be protected from Mongolian competition. Mr. Cleve- land thus demonstrated that he cordially sympathized with the efforts of the people of the Pacific coast to protect themselves from the threatened danger. The act of 1888 was essentially a Democratic measure. On May 5, 1892, the Geary law was approved. Tiiis also proceeded from a Dem- ocratic source and was pushed by Democratic effort. Tnder its provisions all Chinese laborers within the United States and entitled to remain, are required to register and procure a certificate of registration from the proper officer of the United States. This act was designed to make it practically inipossible for Chinese laborers who unlawfully entered the United States after the expiration of the time for reg- istration to remain therein. Not having a certificate their identification is easy. The Chinese in California contested the validity of this statute, but the Supreme Court of the United States, by a divided bench, declared it valid. The time for registration having expired the act of November 3, 1893, was passed, extending the registration privilege six months. This statute contains a valuable though stringent addition to earlier legislation. It requires that the certificates of residence to be issued thereunder must contain the photograph of the applicant, toget ler with his name, local residence and occupation, and that a copy of such certificate with a duplicate of the photograph must be filed in the office of the local collector of in- ternal revenue, and that such photographs and duplicate shall be furnished by each applicant in such form as may be prescribed by the Secretary of the Treasury. This statutes was passed by a Democratic Congress and signed by a Democratic President. CHINESE IMMIGRATION. 21 THE RECENT TREATY WITH CHIXA. On March 17, '94, a convention was concluded at Washington between the United States and China concerning the subject of immigration. Upon being pre- sented to the Senate it was carefully considered and was ratified upon August 13, following. Criticisms have been made for partisan purposes upon this treaty, but an investi- gation of its terms will readily silence opposition and demonstrate the wisdom of its negotiations. Prior to this treaty our diplomatic relations with China were disagreeably strained, and while we cannot afford to take any steps which will place our people in competition with coolie labor, we must neverthless do our best to deserve the lespect and confidence of every nation, wheth t civilized or otherwise. This treaty is almost identical with that which was ratified in 18SS, and which ■China finally refused to accept, the impo tant difference between the two docu- ments being that the present engagement permits only registered Chinese laborers to return to the United States and expressly recognizes the duty of all Mongolians within our borders to comply with the acts of May 5, 1892, and November 3, 1893, ■while the rejected treaty contained no reference to the important subject of regis- tration. Hence the present compact is more favorable to the United States than former, as we are willing and anxious to ratify the treaty of 1888. No reason can be assigned to justify questioning the wisdom of accepting that of 1894. Protests were filed by various parties againts the ratification of the treaty, but all of them were based upon misappprehension of its terms. It may be well to briefly state some of these objections : 1. It is urged that article 2 gives the right to return to every registered Chinese laborer who has a lawful wife, child or parent in the United States or property therein of the value of $1,000, or debts of like amount due him and p.-nding settlement. In the absence of the treaty these laborers h ive a riglit to live and die in the United States, there is no law demanding t'leir exit and it is not perceive 1 why a ■Chinaman whom we concede may stay with us permanently shall not be allowed to temporarily absent himself. We must, or ought to be, rational concerning this as well as other matters. In the next place no harm can be done by the enforcement of such a provi-;ion. Sup- pose every Chinaman now in the United States were to forwith avail himself of the privilege granted and visit China for one year, and then return, would our laborers be injured because of his trip ? Would they be better ofi" if the IMongolian had not made the visit and had remained in this country to compete with them ? If we desire to rid ourselves of these people for good can we afford to object to even tem- pomry relief? 2. It is further argued that Chinese laborers who have no property and no debts •owing to them will, by perjury, impose upon our officers and obtain the privilege of going from and returning to the United States. The answer to this is twofold. Proper Treasury regulations administered by our own officials will make successful fi-aud rare. And secondly, for the reasons already given, if all resident Chinamen were allowed the benefit of a visit, regardless of their pecuniary or family condi- i(ion, no harm would follow. The fact is that Chinese laborers have been coming into the United States in vio- 22 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. lation of the Scott Exclusion Act, because of the clifRnilties of identification. Bat the registration provided for by the act of 1894, and especially the photographic and descriptive certificate will make it perilous and unprofitable to further press the importation of Chinese not entitled to land. There are no other objections worthy of the name to the second article. The third article of the treaty has been criticised becausj it permits persons who are not ofticials, teachers, students, merchants or travelers for curiosity or pleas- ure, enter the United States. In the first jDlace such is the law without tlu treaty. Article 3 confers no advantage upon Chinamen which they do not at present en- joy. If the treaty were obliterated these people could enter under the sixth section of July 5, 1884. This act forms the basis of this treaty provision, and was properly considered at the time it was adopted as the most rigid exclusion measure thereto- fore proposed. All the votes cast ag.iinst it in the lower House of Congress were cast by Republicans, and the only argument advanced by them was that the act was unduly severe. Moreover none of the persons described in the third' article can enter the United States without the approval of our consular officers. It has been said by those who are probably entirely ignorant of the provisions of the treaty, that it overrules the Gear}' and McCreary laws. Th.i absurdity of this pretense becomes manifest when the fifth article is examined, which explicitly rec- ognizes the validity of those a?ts and binds both governments to their enforcement. It has also been urged that it is undignified for the United Spates to permit a for- eign government to acquiesce in the enforcement of our laws. Thi-- would be absurd in any case, but it is particularly so in this instance, since tlie Supreme Court of the United States sustained the registration law by a bare majority, and since that time one of the judges whose vote was necessary to the de- cision and who concurred therein has died, and his able successor has never been called upon to express an opinion upon this topic. Tlie advantages of the treaty are manifest. Outside of the relief which it aftl>rds us in the removal of the imputation that we have disregardi-d diplomatic usages in the violation of antecedent treaties, it binds both governments to absolute ex- clusion. The very first article says : "The high contracting parties agree that for a period of ten years, beginning with the date of the exchange of the ratifications of thi 5 con- vention, the coming, except under the conditions hereinat'ter specified, of the Chi- nese laborers to the United States shall be absolutely prohibited." The only exceptions are as to registered laborers who have relations in th'.s coan- try, or assets of the value of one thousand doll .rs, who are permitted togo t ) China and return. No Chinese laborer not now in the United States can ever come here. Hence when demagogues a-sert that this treaty letdown the barsand that thousands of Mongolians will enter the United States under it, they make a declaration as silly as it is tmtruthful. It has been siiid that the certificate to be given the laborer upon his departure may be used by another. These certificates will be properly prepared. The laborer's photograph will be retained, and an adequate description of his person, so that such fraud will not be practicable. But if the certificate is transferred, it is evident that it cannot be divided, and if CHINESE IMMIORATION, 23 the Chinaman who leaves the United States manages to find his double, he will lose his own right to I'oturn. The treaty will, when ratified by China, be supplemented by legislation making an imposition or attempted imposition of this kind a crime, and it will not pay to take the risk of severe penalties, especially as the opportunity for the (hscovery is so favorable. Mr. Cleveland has done more than any other President to deliver the country from the perils of Mongolian immigration. The following is the treaty to which reference has been made : AVhereas, on the 17th day of November, A. D. 1880, and of Kwanghsii, the sixth year, tenth moon, fifteenth day, a Ti-eaty was concluded between the United States and China for the purpose of regulating, limiting or suspending the coming of Chi- nese laborers to, and their residence in, the Ignited States; and Whereas, the Government of China, in view of the antagonism and much depre- cated and serious disorders to which the presence of Chinese laborers has given rise in certain parts of the United States, desires to prohibit the emigration of such la- borers from China to the United States; and AVhereas, the two governments desire to co-operate in prohibiting s:ich emigra- tion, and to strengthen in other ways the bonds of friendship between the two countries ; and Whereas, th'^ two Governments are desirous of adopting reciprocal measures for the better protection of the citizens or subjects of each within the jurisdiction of the other; Now, therefore, the President of the United States has api^oiated Walter Q. Gres- ham, Secretary of State of the United States, as his Plenipotentiary, and His Impe- rial Majesty, the I'^mperor of China, has appointed Yang Yu, Officer of the second rank, Sub-Director of the Court of Sacrificial Worship, and Envoy Extraordinary and ^Minister Plenipotentiary to the United States of America, as his Plenipoten- tiary; and the said Plenii^otentiaiies, having exhibited their respective Full Powers found to be in due and good form, have agreed upon the fallowing articles : Article I. The High Contracting Parties agree that for a period of ten years, beginning with the date of the exchange of ihe ratifications of this Convention, the coming, except under the conditions hereinafter specified, of Chine- e laborers to the ITnited States shall be absolutely prohibited. Article II. The preceding Article shall not apply to the return to the United States of any registered Chinese laVorer who has a lawful wUe, child o,- parent in the United States, or property therein of the value of one thousand dollars, or debts of like amount due him and pending settlement. Nevertheless every such Chinese laborer shall, before leaving the United States, deposit as a condition of his return, with the collector of customs of the district from which he departs, a full description in writ- ing of his family, or property, or debts, as afore.-aid, and ^hall be furnished by said collector with such certificate of his right to return nnder this Treaty as the laws of the United States may now or hereafter prescribe and not inconsistent with the pro- visions of tills Treaty, and should the written description aforesaid be proved to be false, the right of return thereunder, or of continued residence after return, shall in 24 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. each case be forfeited. And such right of return to the United States shall be ex ercised within one year from the date of leaving the United States, but such right of return to the United States may be extended for an additional period, not to exceed one year, in cases where, by reason of sickness or other cause of dis- ability beyond his control, such Chinese laborer shall be rendered unable sooner to return, which facts shaH be fully reported to the Chinese consul at the port of departure, and by him certified, to the satisfaction of the collector of the poi't at which such Chinese subject shall land in the United States. And no such Chinese laborer shall be permitted to enter the United States by land or sea with- out producing to the proper officer of the customs the return certificate hereir required. Akticle III. The provisions of this Convention shall not affect the right at present enjoyed oi Chinese subjects, being officials, teachers, students, merchants or travelers for curiosity or pleasure, but not laborers, of coming to the United States and residing therein. To entitle such Chinese subjects as are above described to admission into the United States, they may produce a certificate from their Government or the Government where they last resided vised by the diplomatic or consular representative of the United States in the country or port whence they depart. It is also agreed that Chinese laborers shall continue to enjoy the privilege of transit across the territory of the United States in the course of their journey to or from other countries, subject to such regulations by the Government of the United States as may be necessary to prevent said privilege of transit from being abused, Article IV. In pursuance of Article III of the Immigration Treaty between the United States and China, signed at Peking on the 17th day of November, 1880, (the 15th day of the tenth moon of Kwanghsii, sixth year) it is hereby understood and agreed that Chinese laborers or Chinese of any other class, either permanently or temporarily residing in the United States, shall have for the protection of their persons and property all rights that are given by the laws of the United States to citizens of the most favored nation, excepting the right to become naturalized citizens. And the Government of the United States reaffirms its obligations, as stated in said Article III, to exert all its power to secure protection to the person and property of all Chinese subjects in the United States. Articie V. The Government of the United States, having by an act of the Congress, ap- proved May 5, 1892, as amended by an act approved November 3, 1893, required all Chinese laborers lawfully within the limits of the United States before the pas- sage of the first named act to be registered as in said act provided, with a view of affording them better protection, the Chinese Government will not object to the enforcement of such act and reciprocially the Government of the Unitad States re- cognizes the right of the Government of China to enact and enforce similar laws or regulations for the registmtion free of charge, of all laborers, skilled or un- skilled (not merchants as defined by said act of Congress), citizens of the United States in China whether residing within or without the treaty courts. And the Government of the United States agrees that within twelve months of the date of the exchange of the ratifications of tliis convention and annually there- CHINESE IMMIORATION. 25 after it will furnish to the Government of China registers or reports showing the full name, age, occupation, and number or place of residence of all other citizens of the United States, including missionaries, residing both within and without the treaty courts of China, not in:luding, however, diplomatic and other offic^n-s of the United States residing or traveUng in Ciiina upon official business, together with their body and household servants. Article VI. This convention shall remain in force for a period of ten years, beginning with the date of the exchange of ratification, and, if six months before the expiration of tlie said period of ten years, neither government shall have formally given notice of its final termination to the other, it shall remain in full force for another period of ten years. In f^ith whereof, we, the respective plenipotentiaries, have signed this conven- tion and have liereunto affixed our seal. Done, in duplicate, at Washington, 17th day of Marcli A. D., 1S94. WALTER Q. GRESHAM, [seal.] YANG YU. [seal.] 26 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. IMMIGRATION LAWS. Their Strict Enforcement Has Benefitted the Working^ Classes. The enforcement of the laws enacted by Congress for excluding from our shores undesirable immigrants and alien laborers imported under contract has a very im- portant bearing upon the interest of American workin^men. While the manufac- turers of the country have been "protected " by a tariff, enacted at their behest, the laboring part of our population were for a long time unprotected from the danger of being superseded by underpaid and underfed laborers, imported from over- stocked hives of in lustry in the Old World. In other words, our industrial popula- tion were subject to free trade in labor while they had to pay protection prices for the means of subsistence. The Law now prohibits the immigration of laborers under contract, with a few exceptions, such as skilled workmen for new industries, labor for which cannot be otherwise obtained, actors, artists, lecturers, singei's, and personal or domestic servants. It also excludes idiots, insane persons, paupers, persons suffering from a loathsoine or dangerous contagious disease, persons who have been convicted of a felony or other infamous crime or misdemeanor involving moral turpitude, and polygamists. It having been found difficult in many cases to prove a specific con- tract under which an alien laborer could be barred, a, special i^tatutory provision has been made that any assisted immigrant, or any alien whose ticket or passage has been i^aid for with the money of another, shall be barred ipso facto, unless it is affirmatively and satisfactorily shown on special inquiry" that he does .not belong to one of the excluded classes, including alien contract laborers. Federal legislation on this subject began in 1882. It has grown into quite a code of laws, which however, lack clearness and precision and need amendment in many respects. The difficulty in their enforcement is largely inherent in the subject but has b'en enhanced by the greed of steamship companies, to secure steerage pas- sengei'S, and their connivance, in the past, at least, with agents, bankei's, and padroni in this country, who mak^> a business of supplying foreign laborers to em- ployers — corporations, mines, railroads and factories. About eighty per cent of all the immigrants arrive at the port of New York. Prior to 18!)0 the New York State Government had charge of immigration at that port ; but in that year the Secretary of the Treasury assumed control and appointed a Federal Supe.intendent of Immigration for the port. In 1S91 an act of Congress was passed which enlarged the Goverment's control of the subject of immigration. Under it a general Superintendent of the Bure.ui of Immigration, with an office at Washington, was appointed, and commissioners were appointed at New York and several other ports by the Secretary of the Treasury. A large immigration station was erected at IMMIGRATION LAWS. 27 Ellis Island, so that all steerage passengers could be brought there with their bag- gage, for the purpose of full inspection and quasi-judicial determination of their right to land. In 1893 the immigration laws were further amended by providing that it should be the duty of every inspector of arriving immigrants to detain for special inquiry every person who might not appear to him to b,' clearly and beyond doubt entitled to admission, and that the issue should be tried and determined by a board of four inspectors, whose decision should be final, subject, however, to ap- peal to Washington. The Commissioner of Immigration at each port is charged with supervising his force of inspectors and other employees, and the work is of great magnitude. The number of immigrants applying for admis-ion during the fiscal year 1891-2 was 445,967. The number of arrivals for the year 1892-1893 was 343,422, of whom 814 were barred, 458 being alien contract laborers. Tlie number of arrivals for 1893-1894 (July 1st to July 1st) was 219,046, of whom 2,013 were barred, 1,444 being alien contract laborers. A Democmtic Bureau of Immigration took charge of the execution of the immi- gr^ition laws in the spring of 1893, soon after President CL'veland's inauguration, when a new superintendent of the general bureau at Washington was appointed, as well as a new commissioner at the priiicipal port of New York. The efliciency of the Democratic over the Republican admini tration has been marked. The effect of the rigid enforcement of the laws is shown in various ways : First, by the decrease of immigration secondly, by the improved quality of the immigrants now arriving; thirdly, by the unprecedent dly numerous exclusions, both in actual numbers and proportionately, of intending immigrants, who have been forced to return to Europe by I he watchful gatekeepers of our country; and fourthly, by the refusal on the part of the steamship companies to sell tickets to intending immigrants whose eligi- bility to land was not obvious, such refusal being due to the fact that under the new law the steamship companies must assume full responsibility for embarking undesirable immigrants. The systematic importation of laborers under contract has been ])ractically stopped by the unceasing vigilance of the present Democratic officials. The Hon. John G. Carlisle, Secretary of the Treasury, has issued his warrant under the act of 18S8, and has caused to be depoi'ted alien contract laborers who have not been in the United States over a year, thereby establishing a precedent and aflfording to American labor a protection not heretofore accorded. All aliens who 1 ave become a public charge within a year, of their landing, who are insam- or suffering from a 'oathsome disease, or who are permanently disabled from earning a living, are deported at the expense of the steamship companies who brouglit them her-^, or at the expense of the immigrant fund, thereby reliev- ing our insane asylums and almshouses of this burden. It is confidently asserted that during this administiation our insane asylums and almshouses are getting no alien pauper patients who were landed within a year, and it is the intention of the immigration officials in future to save our eleemosenary institutions from this cry- ing evil. The immigi-ation service has baen more than self sustaining, and is supported entirely from the head tax paid by the immigrants; so that it is no charge upon the people. The decrease in immigration is unquestionably due to a very great extent to the strict inspection of immigrants insisted upon by the Democratic admini.sti-ation, 28 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. in lieu of the t:ix and often collusive methois of their predecessors. The increased effici ncy has be.-n rendered possib e by a revision of the regulations, a reorgani- zation of the service, and the substitution of hijhly competent, conscientious and sagacious employees for superannuated drones and " inspectors " who encumbered the offices without ever really inspecting. The greatest efforts are now made to detect and send back those ali.-n pas.sengers who leave their homes in Europe under contracts v\ hich make slaves of them, to take the places of American workmen at reduced wages, without debarring bona fick immigrants who come of their own free will because they are dissatisfied with European conditions, and are willing to take their fair and natural chance here. Thos3 whj are returned become, of course, anti-immigration agents in their own countries of the most effective type; and not even the enactment of the sternest imaginable statute could b^ more re- strictive of undesirable immigration than thes.^ natural regulators of the ebb and flow in the tide of aliens. Many bodies of organized American workmen have made specific acknowledge- ment of the fact that their trades had been materially benetitted by the manner in which the law has been enforced for the last eighteen months, such as cigar makers, tailors, hatters, shoemakers, etc. The executive boards of many organiz tions, including the general executive boards of the American Federation of Labor, and tlie Knights of Labor, have \'isited Ellis Island during the Democratic adm nistration and carefu ly observed the manner of inspecting immigrants and searching for violators of the law. Their satisfaction at the methods adopted and the results achieved was apparent, and resulted, in a number of instances, in formal resolution; to that effect, which were transmitted to the Department. The work of the Supervisory Bureau of Immigration at Washington, under its dis- tinguished Democratic chief, has been performed in such a manner as to give the greatest satisfac ion. The Secretary of the Treasury recently appointed the Hon. Herman Stump the Superintendent of Immigration, Dr. Joseph H. Senner the Commissioner of Im- migration at the port of New York, and Edward F. McSweeney, Esq., the Assist- ant Commissioner, a commission to investigate and report to him information under the following five heads : 1. AVhat changes, if any, in the rules and regulations now in force are neces- sary in order to secure a more efficient execution of existing laws relating to im- migration and the laws prohibiting the importation of alien laborers under contract. 2. Whether said laws are defective in any particular, and what practical diffi- culties, if any, have been encountered in their execution. 3. AVhat effect, if any, immigration has had upon the wages of labor or opportuni- ties for employment in tne United States, and whether or not the existing in- dustrial condition of the country is attabuted in any degree to the influx of laborers from abroad. 4. AVhether any measures, and, if so, what, can be adopted under existing legis- lation to discourage the cou:entration of immigrant laborers in particular localities and to secure a better distribution of immigrants whose admission to the country is not prohibited by law. .5. Whether the "Padrone" system exists in this country, and, if so, to what extent and among what class of immigrants, and what measures can be taken under existing laws to break it up and protect American laborers against its evil IMAUGRATION LAWS. 29 upon wage; and at the same time improve the social and economic condition of the immigrants. The Commiss'oners have also bsen directed to secure and report such information* from all available sources, as will enable the Departm?nt to employ its official force in the most eflFective manner for the enforcement of the immigration and contract- labor laws according to their true intent and purpose, and to suggest such amend- ments as experience may have shown to be nec^^ssary in order to adai^t them to existing conditions. Thi,-^ investigation is now in progress and has already resulted in the accumula- tion of a vast amount of documentary information and recommendations, which a e being sifted. The Commissioners are also visiting various sections of the country for the purpose of person illy receiving the benefit of the practical knowledge of local heads of trades organizations. It is anticipate! that these efforts will lead to important amendments to the laws and regulation?, so that the sifting process, by •which only desirable immigrants shall be admitted and all the undesirable cla-ses shall be utterly excluded, will be perfected in all its workings. C'erta'nly no criti- cism can be made that the present officers of the Immigration Service are in any- wise lacking in zeal, energv, or capacity, in dealing with this complex subject. On the other hand, their efforts are being daily supplemented by the assistance of in- telligent and appreciative workmen throughout the whole United States, who-^e co- operation has been sought. The Democratic party has eveiy reason to congratulate itself upon the successful efforts of its appointees to regulate immigration in accord- ance with the best interests of the whole people and without unworthy discrimina- 30 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK COMPARISON OF RATES Of Duties between the McKinley Act and the New Tariflf Law. Schedule A. -Chemicals, Paints. Oils and Acids: Acetic or pyroligneous— Specific gravity not exceed- i ing 1.047 lbs... | Specific gravity exceed iug j 1.047 lbs... 1 Boracic lbs... Cbromic lbs... Citric lbs... Tannic or tannin lbs... Tartaric lbs... Alcoholic perfumery, including co- logne water and other toilet waters, galls Compounds, alcoholic, not specially provided for galls.. Alumina, alum, alum cake, patent alum, sulphate of alumina, and aluminoiis cake, and alum in crystals or ground lbs.. Ammonia: Carbonate of lbs.. Muriate of. or sal ammoniac. lbs.. Sulphate of lbs.. Blacking of all kinds Bone char, suitable for use in de- colorizing sugar Borax, crude, or borate of soda, or borate of lime (a) lbs.. Borax, refined lbs.. Camphor, refined lbs.. alk: Prepared, precipitated, French and red lbs.. Chalk i)reparations, all other, not specially provided for Chloral hydrate (no data) Chhuoform lbs.. Coal-tar colors or dyes, not specially provided for Col)alt, oxide of lbs.. Collodion, and all compounds of pyroxyline lbs.. Kates of duty under- McKinley law. New law iH c. per 4 c. per lb 5 c. per lb.. 6 c. per lb.. 10 c. per lb.. 75 c. per lb 10 c. per lb Ibi 15*2 per gall.... and 50 p. c. $2 per gall.... and 25 p. c. 6-10 c. per lb. IM c. per 11 20 per cent... 3 c. per lb... 4 c. per lb... 25 per cent... 60 c. per lb.. 20 per cent... f2 per gall and 50 per c. do 4-10 per lb per cent. c. per lb 10 >.< c. per lb 20 per cer 25 per cent do. .do. 3 c. i^er lb. 5 c. per lb. 4 c. per lb. 1 c. per lb... 20 per cent.. 50 c. per lb. 25 c. per lb., 35 per cent... 30 c. per lb.. 50 c. per lb.. 2 c. per lb. do.... 10 per cent. 20 per cent. do 25 per cent.. 25 c. per lb.. 2^ per cent.. 25 c. per lb., 40 c. per lb Average ad va- lorem under— McKin- New ley law. law. Per d. \ 13.19 '( 22.36 95.12 32.69 28.73 181.28 32.91 61.77 163.43 37.18 26.56 15.20 22.21 25 25 119.47 42.31 12.20 32.02 20 35 19.23 63.91 57.06 21.80 25 145.03 20 61.77 79.64 16.92 10 20 25 19.64 25 16.02 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 31 Comparison of rates of duties hrtu'een McKinlaj ad and nev: lav. — Continue. 1. Schedule A — Chemicals, Olls. akd Paints — Contiuued. In finished or partly finished articles lbs... Eolled or in sheets, but not made np into articles lbs... Coloring for brandy, wine, beer, or other liquors Barks, beans, berries, balsams, buds, bulbs, and bulbous roots, and ex- crescences, such as uutgalls, fruits, flowers, dried fibers, grains, gums, and gum resins, herbs, leaves, lich- ens, niosses, nuts, roots, and sterns, spices, vegetables, seeds (aromatic, not garden ireeds), and seeds of mor- bid growth.woods used expressly for dj'eing, and dried insects, any of the foregoing which are not edible, but which hav^ been advanced in value or condition liy refining or grinding or by other process of manufacture Ethers: Sulphuric lbs... Kitrous, spirits of (no data) Of all kinds, not specially pro- vided for lbs... Fruit ethers, oils, oressences.lbs... LiOgwood and other dyewoods, ex- tracts and decoctions of lbs... Sumac: Extract of lbs, Bark for dyeing or tanning, extracts of Other than hemlock, not spec- ially provided for lbs... Fish glue or isinglass: Tabled at not above 7 cents per pound lbs... Valued at above 7 cents and not above 30 cents per pound. ..lbs... Valued at above 30 cents per liouiid ^ lbs... Gelatin: Valued at not abo^e 7 cents per pound lbs... Valued at above 7 cents and not above 30 cents per pound. ..lbs... Valued at above 30 cents per pound lbs... Glue: Valued at not above 7 cents per pound lbs... Valued at above 7 cents and not above 30 cents per pound. ..lbs... Valued at above 30 cents per pound lbs... Glycerin: ' Crude, not purified lbs... Refined lbs... Rates of dutv under- Average ad va- lorem under — McKinley law. New law. .McKiu lev law. [ Per cl -., . per lb 45 per cent ! 43.4ri and 25 p. c. | 60 c. per ib 50 c. per lb , 87.08 50 per cent 50 per cent 50 10 per cent 10 per cent ■40 c. per lb \ 40 c. per lb 400 25 c. per lb i 25 c. per lb 3=1 per lb il per lb.. $2.50 per lb.... $2 per lb... H c. per lb 10 per cent. do ' do 35.88 238.28 11.43 23.24 25 % c. per lb I 10 per cent i 8.28 \)4 c. per lb... 25 per cent 25.12 25 per cent do. 30 per cent do. Ij^ c. per lb... do. 25 per cent ' do. 30 per cent ! do. \li c. per lb... 25 per ceut.^... 30 per cent 1% c. per lb... 43^ c. per lb... .do. 1 c. per lb. 3 c. per Ib. 26.16 25 32.62 52.54 32 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of duties between McKlnley act and new law. — Continued. Rates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. Schedule A.— Chemicals, Oils and Paints. Per ct. Per ct. Ink of all kinds and ink powders 30 c. per lb 25 per cent 30 25 Iodoform lbs... fl.50per lb.... f 1 per lb 40.45 26.97 Licorice, extracts of, in paste, rolls. or other form lbs... 5J^ c. per lb... 5 c. per lb 46.32 42.10 Magnesia: Calcined lbs... 8 c. per lb 7 c. per lb 40.71 35.62 Carbonate of, medicinal lbs... 4 c. per lb 3 c. per lb 53.12 39.84 Sulphate, of, or Epsom salts.lbs... 3-10 c. per lb... 1-5 c. per lb.... 38.34 25.51 Morphia, or morphine, and all salts thereof oz... 50 c. per oz 50 c. per oz 47.09 47.09 Oils: Alizarine assistant, or soluble oil, or oleate of soda, or Tur- key red oil- Containing 50 per cent or more of castor oil galls... Another galls... 80 c. per gal / 30 c. per gal ] 30 per cent 30 30 Castor galls... 80 c. per gal... 35 c. per gal ... 100.35 43.87 Cod-liver galls... 15 c. per gal... 20 per cent 28.65 20 Flaxseed or linseed, raw, boiled. or oxidized galls... 32 c. per gal. | do f ^ 95.14 59.46 Poppv-seed oil, raw, boiled, or 20 c. \yer gal... oxidized galls... I 54.37 33 93 Fusel oil or amvlic alcohol....lbs... 10 per cent 10 per cent 10 10 Hemp seed and rape seed. ..galls... 10 c. per gal... 10 c. per gal... 24.12 24.12 Olive, fit for salad purposes, galls. . . 35 c. per gal... 35 c. per gal... 26.92 26.92 Peppermint lbs... 80 c. per lb 25 iDcr cent 47.07 25 Seal galls... Fish, not specially provided for. 8 c per gal ... do 23 45 25 galls do do 32.12 25 Whale, not specially provided for galls.. do do 33.90 Opium: Aqueous, extract of, for medici- nal uses, and tincture of, as laudanum, and all other liquid ■ preparations of, not specially provided for lbs... 40 per cent 20 per cent 40 20 Crude or unmanufactured, and not adulterated, containing 9 per cent and over of morphia... Free Free Free. Free. Prepared for smoking, and opium containing less than 9 per cent of morphia lbs... fl2perlb $6 per lb.., 169.65 84.82 Paints and colors: r>aryta. sulphate of, or barytes, including barytes earth- Manufactured tons... !J6.72 per ton.. $3 per ton 50.25 26.45 Blues, such as Berlin, Prussian, Chinese, and all others con- taining ferrocyanide of iron — Dry or ground in or mixed with oil lbs... fi c. per lb 6 c. per lb 20.03 20.03 Blanc fixe, or satin white or arti- ficial sulphate of barytes.. .lbs... % c. per lb 25 per cent 47.54 25 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 33 ComjMrison of rates of duUes between McKinley act and new lair. — Contimied. Bates of duty under.— Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law ScHEDtTLE A— Chemicals, Oils, and Paints — Coutiuu ed. Paints and colors — Continued. Black, made from bone, ivory, or vegetable, inchiding boneblack and lampblack, dry or ground Per ct. P^ cts. per lb. 3 cts. per lb.... 30.84 20.56 Ocher and ochery earths- Ground in oil lbs... IK cts. per lb. l}i cts. per lb.. 19.64 16.37 Sienna and sienna earths — Ground in oil lbs... IJi cts per lb. \}i cts. per lb. 21.14 17.62 Umber and umber earths- Ground in oil lbs... dc do 25.80 21.50 Ultramarine lbs... 4K cts. per lb. 3 cts. per lb.... 46.15 30.77 Spirit varnishes galls... fl.32 per gall, and 35 p. c. $1.32 per gall, and -5 p. c. 69.56 59.56 All other, including gold size r r Japan galls... 35 per cent 25 per cent 35 25 Vermilion red, and colors con- taining quicksilver, dry or ground in oil or water lbs... 12 cts. per lb... 20 per cent 26.77 20 Vermilion red, not containing quicksilver, but made of lead, 25 per cent 6 cents per lb.. 25 "Wash blue containing ultrama- rine lbs... 3 cents per lb.. 3 cents per lb.. 20 83 20 33 Whiting and Paris white — Dry lbs... }i cent per lb.. X cent per lb.. 142.48 71.24 Ground in oil (putty) lbs... 1 cent per lb... 3^ cent per lb.. 189.50 94.75 Zinc, oxide of, and white paint containing zinc, but not con- taining lead — Dry lbs... \}i cts. per lb.. 1 cent per lb... 31.44 25.16 Ground in oil .lbs... \% cts. per lb.. do 40.47 23.15 All other paints and colors- Dry or mixed, or ground in water or oil, including lakes. not specially provided for. and artists' colors of all kinds. 25 per cent 25 per cent , . 25 25 Mixed or ground with water or i solutions other than oil, and commercially known as art- do 25 Crayons 25 per cent do 25 25 Smalts and frostings .....do do 25 25 Brown — Spanish. Indian red, and colco- do do 25 25 Vaudyke, Cassel earth, or Cas- do ......do 25 25 Paris green and London purple (no data) 1 25 per cent 12J'.i percent... 12.50 25 34 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of duties between McKmley act and new lav:. — Continued. Schedule A.— Chemicals, Oils, and Paints— Continued. Lead, acetate of — Brown (h) lbs... White lbs... Litharge lbs... Lead, nitrate of lbs... Orange, mineral lbs... Ked lbs... White, dry or in pulp, and ground or mixed in oil, and white uaint containing lead lbs... Phosphorus lbs... Potash- Chromate and bichromate of. .lbs... Hvdriodate, iodide andiodate of ibs Nitrate of, or saltpeter, refined, lbs Pussiate of — Ked lbs... Yellow lbs... Preparations, medicinal, including medicinal proprietary prepara- tions— Of which alcohol is a component part, or in the preparation of which alcohol is used (o)...lbs... Of which alcohol is not a compo- nent part Calomel and other mercurial preparations lbs... Preparations or products known as alkalies, and alkaloids, and all combinations of the same, and all chemical compounds and salts, by whatever name known All other essential oils, and com- binations of lbs... All other fixed or expressed oils, and combinations of galls... All other rendered oils and com- binations of galls... Bicarbonate of potash lbs... Preparations used as applica- tions to the hair, mouth, teeth, or skin, such as cosmetics, den- tifrices, pastes, pomades, pow- ders, and tonics, including all known as toilet preparations not specially provided for Suutouhie, and all salts thereof contaiuiug 80 per cent or over of pantonine lbs... Soap : Castile lbs... Fancy, perfumed, andall descrip- tions of toilet lbs... Piates of duty under- McKinley law. New law 33^ cts. per lb. 5K cts. per lb. 3 cents per lb. do 3>i cts. per lb.. 3 cents per lb. \% cts. per lb. 2% cts. per lb. \y> cts. per lb. do l^i cts. per lb. l3^ cts. per lb. Average ad va- lorem under— McKin- New ley law. law. Per ct. do do 20 cts. per lb... I 15 cts. per lb. Scents per lb. .1 25 cent per 50 cts. per ib... 25 cts. per lb 1 cent per lb...j 14 cfnt per lb.. 10 cts. per lb... 25 per cent 5 cents per lb.. do .50 cts per lb... cO cts. per lb.. 25 per cent \ 25 per cent .... 35 per cent do 25 per cent. 25 per ctnt 25 .do do ....do. ....do. EO per cent .do. .do. 78.04 94.91 18.23 78.80 91.17 59.21 40.79 36.72 19.68 21.32 £9.04 25.40 15.51 25 35 25 40 per cent } £0 $2.50 15 cts. per lb... 35 per cent 36.66 j 40 per lb j $=1 per pouud..| 163.35 '• 65.34 1>^ cts. per lb.. 20 per cent i 19.48; 20 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 35 Comjyarison of rates of duties between McKinle}/ act and new ?aw— Continued. Rates of duty under — Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. Schedule A.— Chemicals, Oils, and Paints— Continued. Soap— Continued. All other, not specially provided Per ct. Ferot. for 20 per cent 10 per cent 20 10 Soda: Bicarbonate of, or supercarbon- ate of, or saleratus lbs... 1 cent per lb... K cent per lb.. 60.47 30.24 Hydrate of, or caustic lbs... Bichromate and chromate of. .lbs... do do.. . 42.75 45.59 21.37 25 3 cts. per lb.... 25 per cent Soda ash lbs... X cent per lb.. >/ cent per lb.. 20 20 Sal. or soda crystals lbs... Silicate of, or other alkaline sili- K cent per lb.. 29.06 14.53 cate lbs... }i cent per lb.. % cent per lb.. 43.50 32.62 20 per cent Free . . 10 per cent 10 per cent 20 10 10 Seamoss or Iceland moss (no data) Strychnia, or strichnine, and all salts Free thereof ounces... 40 cts. per oz.. 30 cts. per oz .. 93.79 70.34 Sulphur, sublimed, or flowers of tons #10 per ton 20 per cent 28.66 20 Sulphur, refined tons... •rSper ton 20 percent 34.23 20 Sumac, ground lbs... 4-10 ot. per lb.. 10 per cent 19.81 10 Tartar- Cream of. and patent .lbs 6 cts. ijer lb.... 20 per cent 21.45 20 Tartars and lees crystals, partly refined lbs 4 cts. per lb do 31.07 20 Tartrate of soda and potassa, or Ro- chelle salts lbs... 3cts. per lb.... 2 cts. per lb ... 16.49 11 Total Schedule A, chemicals. oils and paints 31.61 24 44 Schedule B.— Eakths, Easthenwaee, — AND GlASSWAEE. Earthen, stone and China ware: Brick and tiles- Brick fire- Not glazed, enameled or- namented or decorated in any manner tons... .f'1.25 per ton... 25 percent 25.15 25 Glazed, enaujled, orua- mented or decorated tons 45 per cent 30 per cent 45 30 Brick, other than fire- Not glazed, ornamented. painted, enameled, vit- rified, or decorated. ..M... 25 per cent 25 per cent 25 25 Ornamented, glazed. painted, enameled, vit- rified, or decorated..M... 45 per cent 30 per cent 45 30 Magnesic fire brick Tnot enum- erated : no data) 25 per cent $1 per ton 25 Not glazed, ornamented. painted, enameled, vitrified. or decorated 25 per cent 25 per cent.. 25 25 Ornamented, glazed, painted, enameled, vitrified, or dec- orated, and all enr'austic .... 45 per cent 40 per cent 45 40 36 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rutcs: of dutirs hchricrt McKmh u net airl new Ian- — Continued. Rates of dutv imder- I Average ad va- lorumimder — Schedule B. — Earths. Eaethenwaee, AND Glasswaee— Contiuued. Cement: Homan, Portland, and other liy- diaulic, in barrels, sacks, or other packages lbs... Other lbs.. Lime lbs... Plaster of Paris: Calcined tons... Ground tons... Clays or earths: IJuwrought or nnmanufactnred. tons China clay, or kaolin tons... Vvronghtor mamifactnred, not specially provided for tons... Brown earthenware, common stone- ware, and crucibles not orna- ruented or decorated in any manner.. China, porcelain, parian, bisque, earthen, stone, and crockery ware, including plaques, ornaments, toys, charms, vases, and statuettes — Painted, tinted, stained, enam- eled, printed, gilded, or other- wise decorated or ornamented in any manner Clocks, china, chief value Plain white, and not ornamented or decorated in any manner Gas retorts ' No... Bottles and vials, flint and lime: Empty- Holding more than 1 pint. lbs... Holding not more than 1 pint and not less than }£ pint, lbs Holding less than X pint, gross Other on which .specific duty would be less than 40 per cent Filled- Holding more than 1 pint. lbs... Holding not more than 1 pint and not less than }4 pint, lbs Holding less than J^ pint, McKinlcy lav.-. New law McKin- New. !leylav\-. law. 8 c. per 100 lbs 8 c. per 100 lbs 20percent | lOpercent 6 c. per 100 lbs 5 c. per 100 lbs $1.75 per ton.. .SI. 25 per ton... per ton $1 per ton Per ct. I Per ci. 24.03 , 24. 0& 20 : 10 30.41 25.34 17.97 6.07 81. 50 per ton do 19.72' 13.15 f^Sperton | 82 per ton 39.56 1 26.3S .do. .do. 25 per cent 20 per cent I per cent i 35 per cent. ..do I 25 per cent. 55 per cent i 30 per cent. f 3 each 20 per cent. 1 c. per lb % c. per lb... lJ-2 c. per lb... I l>s c. per lb. 50 c. per gross 40 c. per gross Other on which specific duty would be less than 40 per cent Bottles and vials, green and colored, molded cr i)resscd: Empty- Holding more than 1 pint. lbs. . . Holding not more than 1 pint and not loss than ^4 pint, lbs 40 per cent 40 per cent... 1 c. per lb i M c. per lb.. 1}4 c. per lb...! 13^ c. per lb... 50 c. per grossl 40 c. per gross 22.35 55 20.22 ; 81.30 50.34 116.05 119.80 40 per cent 40percent- 40 1 c. per lb % c. per 11; 70.17 ! IK c. per lb... ly^ c. per Ib...^ 85.67 14.90 61.27 45.95 GO. 97 40.27 40 65.84 87.04 95.84 40 52.63 64.25 TABIFF SCHEDULES. 37 Comparison of rates of dniies hciireiu }h'Kinley act and )u'w laii — Continued. ScHIiDrLE B.— EaKTHS, EAKTHEKWArE, AND Glassvake — Contimied. Bottles and vials, &c. — Continued. Empty— Continued. Holding less than .Y pint, Other on which specific dnty ■would be less than 40 per cent Filled— Holding snore than 1 pint.lLs.. Holding not more than 1 pint and not less than )i pint. lbs Holding less than 3€ pint, gross Other on Mhich specific duty would be less than 40 per cent Demijohns and carboys (covered or uncovered): Empty- Holding more than Ipint.lbs.. Other on which specific duty -would be less than 40 per cent Filled— Other on which specific duty would be less than 40 per cent F"lint and lime, pressed plassMaie, not cut, engraved, painted, etched, decorated, colored,printed, stained, silvered, or gilded Articles of glass, cut, engraved, painted, colored, printed, stained, decorated, silvered, or "■jlded, net including plate glass silvered, or looking-glass plates Chemical glassware for use m labo- ratory, and not otherwise specially provided for Thin-blown glass, blown with or without a mold, including glass chimneys All other manufactures of glass, or of T.hich glass shall be the ccmpc- ntnt material of chief value, not specially provided for Heavy-blown gj,ass, blown with or without a mold, not cut or deco- rated, finished or unfinished.. Porcelain or opal glassware Cylinder, crown and con.mon win- dow glass, uupofished: Not exceeding 10 by 15 inches square lbs... Above 10 by 15 inches, and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches. ..lbs... Eates of duty unde Average ad va- lorem under — McKinlev law. New law. McKin- New ley law. law. :0 c. per gross 40 c. per gross 40 per cent i 40 per cent., 1 c. per lb j H c. per lb ]K c. per lb...j lys c. per lb... CO c. per gross 40 c. per gross 40 per cent. 40 per cent 1 c. per lb ! H c. per lb 40 per cent i 40perctnt., .do. .do CO per cent. .do .do. do 45 per cent ' do eO per cent i do . • do I 35 per cent. .do -lOpercent. .do do 1% c. per lb... I 1 c. per lb.... IK c. per lb... IH c. per lb. Pe7- cf. ! 64.47 40 ! 71.48 314.42 I 148.08 i 40 37.91 40 40 47.47 106.19 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of duties between McKinlci/ act and new law — Continued. ;McKinley law. Schedule B.— Earths, Eaethenwake, AND Glassw ABE— Continued. Cylinder, crown, .fee— Continued. Above 16 by 24 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches... lbs.. Above 24 by 30 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 36 inches... lbs.. All above 24 by 36 inches lbs.. Cylinder and crown glass, polished, unsilvered: Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square sq. ft.. Above 16 by 24 inches, and not ex- ceeding 24 by 30 inches. ..sq. ft.. Above 24 by SO inches, and not ex- ceeding 24 by 60 inches... sq. ft.. Plate glass, fluted', rolled, or rough (excess of 1 pound per square foot, dutiable at same rates): Not exceeding 10 by 15 inches square sq. ft.. Above 10 by 15 inches and not ex- ceeding ie by 24 inches... sq. ft.. Above 16 by 24 inches and not ex- ceeding 24 by 30 inches... sq. ft.. All above 24 by 30 inches. ..sq. ft.. Plate glass, fluted, rolled, or roui;h, ground, smoothed, or otherwise obscured (excess of 1 pound per square foot, diitiable at same rates): Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square sq. ft.. Above 16 by 24 inches and not ex- ceeding 24 by 30 inches.. .sq. ft.. Above 24 by 30 inches and not ex- ceeding 24 by 60 inches... sq. ft.. All above 24 by 60 inches. ..sq. ft.. Plate glass, cast, polished, finished, or uutinished, and unsilvered: Nut exceeding 16 by 24 inches sqiiare sq it.. Above 16 by 24 inches and not ex- ceeding 24 by 30 inches. ..sq. ft.. Above 24 by 30 inches and not ex- ceeding 24 by GO inches. ..sq. ft.. All above 24 by 60 inches... sq. ft.. Plate glass, cast, polished, silvered: Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches s(iuare sq. ft.. Above 16 by 24 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches sq. ft Above 24 by 30 inches, and not e:-;ccediug 24 by 60 inches sq.ft Airab()ve;!4liy GOinches sq. ft.. Cylinder and crown glass, polished, silvered, and looking-glass plates: Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches Bq. ft Bates of duty under- Average ad va- lorem under — 2% c. per lb... 2% c. per lb... Sj^ c. per lb... 4 c. per sq. ft.. 6 c. per sq. ft.. 20 c. per sq. ft.. % c. per sq. ft.. 1 c. per sq. ft.. l}.i c. p. sq. ft.. 2 c. per sq. ft.. 5 c. per sq. ft. 8 c. per sq. ft.. 25 c. per sq. ft.. 50 c. per sq. ft.. 5 c. per sq. ft. 8 c. per sq. ft. 25 c.per sq.ft.. New law. McKin. ley law 1% c. per lb. 2 c. per lb.... 2>^ c. per lb. 23^ c. p. sq. ft.. 4 c. per sq. ft. 15 c. p. srLES. 39 ComparitiQ)! of ratct< of datii'^ lutiveen McKinlii act mil nc.r !a^i: — Contiuued. Schedule B.— Earths, Earthen- ware. AND Glassware— Contiuued. Cylinder aud crowu glass. poli-;hed, silvered, etc. — Coutiuiied. Above 16 by 24 inches, aud not exceeding 2i by 30 incties..sq ft.. Above 24 by 30 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 60 iuches..sq. ft. . All above 24 by 60 inches sq.ft.. Cylinder, crown, and common win- dow glass, unpolished, wheu ground, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, em- bossed, engraved, stained, colored, or otherwise ornamented or dec- orated : Not exceeding 10 by 15 inches square lbs.. Above 10 by 15 inches, and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches lbs. . Above 16 by 24 inches, and not exceeding 24 Viy 30 inches lbs. . Above 24 by 30 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 36 inches lbs.. All above 24 by 36 inches lbs.. Cylinder and crown glass, polished, unsilvered, when ground, ob- scured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etched, embossed, en- graved, stained, colored, or other- wise ornamented or decorated : Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square sq. ft.. Above i6 by 24 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches sq. ft Above 24 by 30 inches, but not exceeding 24 by 60 inches sq. ft Cylinder and crown glass, polished, silvered, when ground, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, bevel- ed, etched, embossed, engraved, stained, colored, or otherwise or- n^r .'t^iit 'd or decora':ed ■ Not excsediug 16 by by 24 iuc'.ies sq '.ar- ^q. 't.. Above 16 by 24 inches, anl not exce diug 24 by 30 inch-js sq. f Above 24 by 30 inches, aud not exceeding 24 bv 60 inches sq. ft All above 24 bv60inches..S(i. ft.. Bates of duly under- McKinley. 10 c. per sq. ft. 35 c. per sq. ft. 60 c. per sq. ft. 1% c. per lb. and 10 p. c. 1 }i c. per lb. and 10 p. c. 2 % c. per lb. and 10 p. c. 2 % c. per lb. and 10 p. c. 3 >8 c- per lb. and 10 p. c. 4 c. per sq. ft. aud 10 p. c. 6 c. per sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 20 c. per sq.ft. aud 10 p. c. 6 C. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 10 c. p. sq. ft. an(l 10 p. c. 3.5 c. p. s(i. ft. and 10 \). c. 00 c. p. .sq. ft. and 10 p. c. New law. 10 c. psr sq.ft 23 c. per sq. ft. 33 c. persq. ft. Ic. per lb. and 10 p. c. IV c. per lb. and 10 p. c. 1% c. per lb. and 10 p. c. 2 c. per lb. and 10 p. c. 2}i c. per lb. and 10 p. c. 2J^c.persq..ft. aud 10 p. c. 4 c. per sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 15c. per sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 6 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 10 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 23 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 3S c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. A verage ad va- lorem under— McKin- New ley law. law. 23.63 49.77 43.83 19.84 31.79 36.49 40 40 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of duties between McKinley aet and new law — Continued. Bates of duty under- McKinley law. New law. Average ad va- lorem under— McKiu- New ley law. law. Schedule B.— Earths, Earehen- WARE. AND Glas.swaee— Continued. Plate glass, cast, polished, silvered, when ground, obscured, frosted, sanded, enameled, beveled, etch- ed, embossed, engraved, stained, colored, or otherwise ornamented or decorated : Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square '...sq. ft.. Above 16 by 24 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches..sq. ft. . Above 24 by 30 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches sq. ft Ail above 24 by 60 inches sq.ft... Plate glass, cast, polished, unsil- vered, when groimd, obscured frosted, sanded, enameled, bev- eled, etched, embossed, engraved, stained, colored, or otherwise or- namented or decorated : Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square sq. ft... Above 16 by 24 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches..sq. ft... Above 24 by 30 inches, and not exceeding 24 by CO inches .sq. f t. . . All above 24 by 60 inches... sq. ft... Spectacles and eyeglasses, or spec- tacles and eyeglass frames gross... Lenses costing $1..50 per gross pairs, or less gross pairs... Spectacle and eyeglass lenses with their edges ground or beveled to fit frames gross.. Stained or painted window glass and stained or painted glass win- dows, and hand, pocket, or table mirrors not exceeding in size 144 square inches, with or without frames or cases, of whatever ma- terial composed (a) Lenses of glass or pebble, wholly, or partly manufactured, and not specially provided for, and fusi- ble euamel Marble and stone, and manufac- tures of marble : In blocks, rough or squared, of all kinds cu. ft... Veined marble, sawed, dressed, or other wise. including marble slabi and marblepaviugtiles...cu. ft.. All manufactures of, not espe- cially provided for Clocks, marble, chief value 6 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 10 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 35 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 60 c. p. sq. ft. ana 10 p. c. 5 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 c. p. 8 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 25 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 50 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 60per ctnt .do. .do. 45 percent. 65 cents per cubic foot. 6 c. p. sq. ft, and 10 p. c. 10 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 23 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 38 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 5 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 c. p. 8 c. p. sq. ft. and 10 p.c. 23 C. p. sq. ft. and 10 p. c. 38 c. p. sq. ft. aud 10 p. c. 40 percent 35 per cent. .do. .do. 50 cents per cubic foot. $1.10 per cu- 85 cents per bic foot. ! cubic foot. I per cent 45 per cent. .do I 25 per cent. Per ct. 1 Fer c(, 14.80 14.80 29.54 20.55 39.48 24.52 30.98 65.32 51.95 60 00 00 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 41 Coiiij'arisou of rates of dulUs between McKlnJey Act and new /aw.— Continued. Schedule B— Eakth. Eaethfn- ■WAEE, AND Glassware— Contiimed. Frei'stoue, grauite, saudstoue, liuKStone. and other l.mildiug or ]i;fummei)tal stone, exceijt marble, not spociallv t)rovided for— Undressed or mannfactnred cu.ft Hewn, dressed, or poli'-bed Grindstones, finished or nntin- ished tons... Slates, slate chimney pieces, mantels, slabs for tables, and all other mannfactnres of slate .. Slate roofing Total Schedule B, earths, earthenware, and glass- ware SCHEDTLTIE C— !^IeTALS AND MANU- FACTURES OF. [ron ores . All otuer ore tons...' 75 cents [ron in pigs, kentledge, spiegcleiseu, j ton. ferromangaue.se, and ferrosilicon : Eatcs of duty under- Average ad va- lorem under — McKinley law. i New law. JMcKin. jley law, New law. 11 c. p. cu. ft. 7 c. per cu. ft. 40 per cent ] .SO percent $1.75 per ton 10 percent. Per cf. 34.41 40 30 percent 20percent. 25 percent \ do 40 cents ton. Ferrosilicon tons... Spiegeleisen and ferromanga- ne&e tons... All other tons... Scrap iron and steel, waste or re- fuse, fit only to be remanufac- tured : Iron, wroiight and cast tons... Steel tons...! Bar iron, rolled or hammered, com- j *6.72 per ton..' $4 per ton $6.72 per ton ..' .*4 per ton .do... prising— I Flats not less than 1 inch wide j ncr less than % of one inch ! thick lbs...] 8-10 c.per lb. i- of I Round iron not less than ,ii of 1 inch in diameter, and square iron not less than % of 1 inch square lbs.. Flats less than 1 inch wide or less than % of 1 inch thick; round iron less than % of 1 inch and not less than 7-16 of 1 inch in diameter : anrl square iron lesH than % of 1 inch square lbs... Bars or shapes of rolled iron not spti- j cially provide. I for. and round iron ' in coils or rods, less than 7-16 of 1 i inch in diameter lbs... Bars, blooms, ] known as crinoline, c rset and hat 1 ■wire lbs...: 5 c. per lb.... 13-10 c. per lb.. I 19-lOc. per lb. i i 2 4-10 c. per lb..' 2 8-10 c. per lb.. 47-10 c. per 'b.. 4-10 c. per lb.., 4-10 c. per lb.. 40 per cent 1}^ c. per lb... Now law. Per ct. Per ct. 31.71 20.61 33.26 I 22.57 31 i 21.30 2 c. per lb. do l|i c. per lb.. IJ^ c. per lb.. 40 per cent... 29.81 24.78 \}i c. per lb...; 48.77 93.25 15.75 40 i)er cent. 22.70 50 40 32.54 i 32.54 45.95 I 30.63 26.03 i 17.39 34.28 65.50 40 40 46 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates awl duties between McKinley act and new law. — Continued. Schedule C— Metals and mantttac- TUEES OF — Continued. Wire of iron or steel, valued at more than 4 cents per pound (on which the specific duty does not amount to 45 per centj lbs.. Do., galvanized lbs.. Wire, card, for the manufacture of card clothing lbs.. Wire rope and wire strand : Made of Iron wire — Smaller than No. 10 and not smaller than No. 16 wire gauge lbs.. Smaller than No. 16 and not smaller tnan No. 26 wire gauge lbs.. Smaller than No. 26 wire gauge lbs.. Smaller than No 26 wire gauge lbs.. Galvanized— Smaller than No. 10 and not smaller than No. 16 wire gauge lbs.. Smaller than No. 16 and not smaller than No. 26 wire gauge lbs.. Sujaller than No. 26 wire gauge lbs.. Smaller than No. 26 wire gauge lbs.. Made of steel wire^ Not smaller than No. 10 wire gauge lbs.. Smaller than No. 10 and not smaller than No. 16 wire gauge lbs.. Smaller than No. 16 and not smaller than No. 26 wire gauge lbs.. Smaller than No. 26 wire gauge lbs.. Galvanized— Not smaller than No. 10 wire gauge lbs.. Smaller than No. 10 and not smaller than No. 16 wire gauge lbs.. Smaller than No. 16 and not smaller than No. 26 wire gauge lbs. . Smaller than No. 26 wire gauge lbs.. Rates of duty under- t>?emf;nTer- McKinleylaw.i New law. f^^l^l] f^^w 45 per cent.. 45 per cenl^] 3^0. per lb. 35 per cent. 2% c. per lb. i}i c. per lb. 4 c. per lb... 45 per cent-|- 1 c. per lb 3)^ c. per lb... 3M <^- per lb... 4K c. per lb... 45 per cent-;- \}i c. per lb... ^K c. per lb... Z% c. per lb. 4x4' c. per lb.. 5 c. per lb.... Z%c. per lb... 4>^ c. per lb. .do .do. 2}i c per lb. 2Kc. per lb... 3 c. per lb 2K c. per lb...' 1 cent per Ib.l and 40 per ct. do .do 1 cent per lb. and 40 per ct. ^% c per lb... 5}4 c per lb. .do. .do. .do. .do. .do. ..do. Perct. 45 54 Perd. 40 40 35 40 73.94 60.49 57.56 44.27 26.50 19.87 61.74 52.26 88.85 68.35 53.60 55 86.72 59.27 63.86 52.57 66.' 8 60.61 57.02 55.20 47.66 51.21 13.67 42.79 80.65 61.51 77.40 80.84 TARIFF SCIIEDILES. 47 Comparison of rates of duty between McKinleu act and the new law. — Contimiod. Kates of duty iiuder- McKinley law. New law. 45 p. C.-I-2 cts per pound. 3}i c. per 11) 434'cts.-|-Kct per pound. Schedule C. — Metals and Manufac- tures OF — Coutintied. Wire rope and wire strand— Cont'd Not smaller than No. 5 wire grange, cold-rolled, cold-banniiered, or pol- ished in addition to the ordinary process of hot rolling or hammering lbs....:: Wire dotirs and wire nettings, made meshes of any form, from iron or steel wire — Not smaller than No. 10 wire gauge lbs.. Galvanized — Smaller than No. 10 and not smaller No. 16 wire gaxige lbs Steel ingot , cogged ingots, blooms and slabs, by whatever process made; die blocks or blanks: billets and bars and tapered or beveled i bars; steamer, crank and other shafts; shafting; wrist or crank I pins; connecting rods and piston j rods; pressed, sheared, or stamped shapes; hammer molds or swaged steel; gun-barrel molds, not in bars; alloys used as substitutes for steel tools; all descriptions and shapes of dry-sand, loam, or iron- molded steel castings; and steel in all forms and shapes not specially provided for, cold-rolled, cold-hammered, or polished in any way in addition to the ordinary process of hut-rolling or hammer- j ing: i \alued above 7 cents and not i above 10 cents per poiind...lbs...] 28-10 c. Valued above 13 cents and not per pound. above 16 cents per pound. ..lbs... Valued above 16 cents per pound lbs Boiler or other plate iron or steel Tex-' cept saw plates), not thiuu r than < No. 10 wire gauge, .sheared or un- | sheared, aud skelp iron or steel, j sheared or rolled in grooves, cold- [ rolled, cold-hammered, or polished in addition to the ordinary process of hot rolling or hammering- Valued above 2 cents aud not | above 3 cents per pound lbs...| 2-10 c. per lb., per lb Valued above 3 cents and not above 4 cents per pound lbs ll-10c.-;->^c. per pound. 1 5-10 e. -;-)ic, per pound. 40 per cent. 1 cent per lb. and 40 per ct .\v3raTo adva- lorum under 1 9-10 c per lb. 2 8-10 c. per lb. 4 7- 10 c. peril).. 35 per cent. 35 per cent. Mc Kin- ley law. New law. Per ct. 96.15 Per ct. 40 79.30 64.40 24.84 44.97 36.63 22.75 29.41 18.51 25.85 16.76 55.81 35 48 35 48 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of duties hehceen McKinley act and new I m . — Continaea. 1 Rates of duty under — Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New law. McKin.y eylaw.l New law. SOHEDTTLE C— MeTALS AND MANUFAC- 1 TTJEES OF— Continiied. Sheets of iron or steel, common or black, including iron or steel known as common or black tag- gers' iron or steel, and skelp iron or steel, valued at 3 cents per pound or less, cold-rolled, cold- hammered, or polished in any waj' in addition to the ordinary process of hot rolling or hammer- ing- Thinner than No. 10 and not thinner than No. 20 wire Per ct. Per ct. gauge lbs... \}i c. per lb... .825 c.per lb... 41.70 27.52 Thinner than No. 20 and not thinner than No. 25 wire gauge lbs... 1.35 c. per lb... .925 c.per lb... 55.61 38.10 Thinner than No. 25 wire gauge lbs 1.65 c. per lb... 1.225 c. per lb.. 79.47 58.99 Sheets and plates and saw plates of steel, not specially provided for, cold-rolled, cold-hammered, or polished in any way in addition to the ordinary process of hot rolling or hammering- Valued above 16 cents per lb. lbs 1 c.+}4 c.per pound. 4 7-10 c.per lb.. 31.19 20.22 Sheets and plates and saw idates of steel, not specially provided for. cold - rolled, cold - hammered, blued, brightened, tempered, or polished by any proce s to such perfected surface finish or polish better than the grade of cold- rolled, smooth only, hereinbefore provided for— Valued above 4 cents and not above 7 cents per pouud..lbs... 2 c. + 13-4^ c. 13-10 c.per lb.. 50.11 20.04 Valued above 7 cents and not per pound. above 10 cents per pound..lbs... 28-10c. + l>^c. 1 9-10 c. per lb. 51.48 24.14 Valued above 10 cents and not per pound. above 13 cents per pound..lbs... 33^ c. + \}i c. 2 4-10 c.per lb.. 42.34 21.39 Valued above 13 cents and not per pound. above 16 cents per pound. .lbs... 42-10c. + 13^c. per pound. 2 8-10 c. per lb.. 35.05 18.00 Valued above 16 cents per pound lbs 7 c.-l-lj^ c. per pound. 4 7-10 c.per lb.. 15 33 8.74 Steel circnlar-saw plates- ■ Valued above 4 cents and not above 7 cents per pound. .lbs... 3 c. per lb 1 3-10 c.jH rib.. 50.81 22.01 Valued above 7 cents and not above 10 cents per pound. .lbs... 3 8-10 c.per lb.. 1 9-10 c. per lb.. 39.48 19.74 Vah;ed above 10 cents and not above 13 cents per pound. .lbs... 43^ c. per lb... 2 4-10 c. per lb.. 35 99 19.20 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 49 Comparison of rates of dutUs heiicecn McKinley act and new law. — Continued. SCHEDUI.E C— Metals and manufac- tures OF— Continued. Anchors or parts tliereof, mill irons and mill cranks, of wrought iron, and ^Yro^\ — Continued. Kates of diity \inder- McKinley law. New law. Average adval- orem under— ScKEDiLE C— Metals and Manufac- TCBES OF — Continued. j Valued at more x.x.ri :,? • p^r n .7.fn and uut e:, •, iug fsl.50 per dozen.. ..loz.. Valued at more than ^-l.SO per dozen and not exceed- ing $3 per doz doz.. Valued at more than $3 per doz doz.. Eazors and razor blades, finished or unfinished — Valued at less than ^4 per dozen doz.. Valued at $4 or more per dozen doz... Swords, sword blades, and side arms. Table knives, forks, steels, and all butchers', bunting, kitchen, bread, vegetable, fruit, cheese, plumbers', painters', palette, and artists' knives of all sizes, finished or unfinished: Valued at not more than f 1 per dozen pieces doz.... Valued at more than ^1 and not more than ^2 per dozen pieces doz Valued at more than $2 and not more than f3 per dozen pieces doz Valued at more than $3 and not more than $8 per dozen pieces doz Valued at more than $8 per dozen pieces doz... All carving and cooks' knives and forks of all sizes, finished or unfinished — Valued at not more than ^4 per dozen pieces doz... Valued at more than f 4 and not more than $'.8 per dozen pieces doz Valued at more than (s8 and not more than #12 per dozen pieces doz... Valued at more than $12 per dozen pieces doz... Files, file blanks, rasps, and floats of all cuts and kinds: 4 inches in leugtli and under..doz... Over 4 inches in length and un- der 9 inches doz. ..I Files, file-blanks, rasps, and floats of all cuts aud kinds— Ccmtinued. 9 inches in length and under 14 inches doz... $1.30 per doz.. 50 c. per doz. and 50 p. ct. f 1 per dozen and 50 p. ct. $2 per dozen and 50 p. ct. $1 per dozen and 30 p. ct. .f 1.75 per doz. aud 30 p. ct. 35 percent 10 c. per doz. aud 30 p.ct. 35 c. per doz. and 30 p. ct. 40 c. per doz. and 30 p. ct. $1 per dozen and 30 p. ct. ^2 per dozen and 30 p. ct. $1 per dozen and 30 p. ct. $2 per dozen aud 30 p. ct. f;3 per dozen and 30 p. ct. •t5 per dozen and 30 p. ct. 35 c. per doz.. 75 c. per doz.. McKin- New ley law. I law. ^ 25 c.per doz. 1 and 25 p.ct. 1 40 c. per doz. and 25 p.ct. 75 c. per doz. and 25 p. ct. 50 percent 45i:percent do 35 percent .do. .do. .do. 45 per cent do 35 percent. 45 per cent. .do. .do. 35 c. per doz. 60 c. per doz. ijl per doz. 96.17 94.47 86.95 62.74 ; 45- 35 I 35 } 61.94 47.64 52.99 51. e 74.46 60.97 59.83 58.52 46.05 I 35 35 45 45 45 67.08 65.48 j 52.39 50.97 39.20 TARIFF SCUEDULES. 51 Coinpirkoa of ra'e^ of 'luties between Mc KM e-j ad and new law. — Continued. Rates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under — McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. P er ct 49.76 64.03 68.43 67.99 80.30 46.49 41.10 45 50 23.58 36.48 46.43 36.50 30.91 107.15 19.66 New law. ScHEDtJLE C— Metals and maxufac- TTJREs OF— Continued. Files, fih:-blanks. &c.— Coii^i-rriod. 14 iuehos in length auau>fr, doz.. Firearms: Mnskets and sportin^f rifles $2 per dozen... 25 per cent 40c. each and 35 per cent. $1 each and 35 per cent. fl. 50 each and 35 per cent. $4 each and 35 per cent. .fe each and 35 per cent. $1 each and 35 per cent. 45 per cent 50 per cent 1 c. per lb 4 c. per lb do fl per doz 25 per cent 30 per cent do Per ct. 24.88 25 Pistols. revolving- Valued at not more than *1.50 each number 30 Valued at more than $1.50 Shotguns, double-barreled sport- ing, breech-loading— Valued at not more than $6. each No... Valued at more than fe and do 30 do 30 Valued at more than $12 each, No do 30 Shotguns, single barreled, breech- loadin" No do 30 Sheets and plates, wares or articles, of iron and steel: Enameled or glazed with vitreous 35 per cent do 35 Enameled or glazed with vitreous glasses with more than one .5 Nails, spikes and tacks: Nails and spikes, cut, of iron or steel, pounds Nails, horseshoe, hob, and all other wrought iron or steel nails, not specially provided for lbs 22}-.1 per cent... 30 per cent 25 per cent do 22.5 30 Nails, wire, made of wrought iron or steel- Shorter than 1 inch and light- er than No. 16 wire gauge, lbs 25 From 1 inch to 2 inches in length, and lighter than No. 12 and not lighter than No. '2X c per lb 25 2 inches long and longer, not lighter than No. 12 wire do 25 Spikes of wrought iron or steel... lbs... Horse, mule or ox shoes of wrought iron or steel lbs 1 8-10 c. per lb. do . ..do. . 25 do 25 Tacks, brads or spi'igs, vut — Not exceeding 16 ounces to the M 7. M... 2){ c. per M.... do.... 25 Needles: For ki'itting or sewing machines, crochet and tape needles, and do 35 25 Knitting and all others not spe- cially provided for 25 per cent do 25 52 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of nii^^i of duties between McKinly act and the nevj Za;/'.— Continued. Schedule C— Metals and Manufac- tures OF— Contined. Engraved plates of steel Stereotype plates and electrotype plates, and plates of other materials engraved or lithographed for print- ing Railway fish plates or splice bars, of iron or steel lbs... Rivets of iron or steel lbs.. Rates of duty under- McKinlej law. New law 25 per cent do Ic. per lb 2}4 c. per lb. Circular saws ■• Crosscut saws ....linear feet... Hand, back, and other saws not specially provided for Mill, pit, and drag saws— (a) Not over 9 inches wide, linear feet Over 9inches wide, linear feet.. Screws, commonly called wood sere ws- ^-2 inch and less in length lbs... Over }4 inch and not more than 1 inch in length lbs... Over 1 inch and not more than 2 inches in length lbs... More than 2 inches in length.. lbs... Umbrella and parasol ribs, stretcher frames, tips, runner handles, or parts thereof, made in whole or chief part of iron, steel or any other metal (no data) "Wheels or parts thereof , made of iron or steel, and steel-tired wheels for railway purposes, whether wholly or partly iinished, and iron or steel locomotive, car, or ether railway tires, or parts thereof, wholly or partly manufactured (a) lbs... Ingots, cogged ingots, blooms, or blanks,f or railway wheels and tires, without regard to the degree of manufacture lbs... Aluminum: In crude form, and alloys of any kind in which aluminum is the component material of chief value lbs... Argentine, albata or German silver, unmanufactured lbs... Brass: Bars or pigs lbs... Old and cliyipings from brass, or Dutch metal, and old sheathing, or yellow metal, fit only for re- manufacture lbs... Bronze powder lbs... Bronze or Dutch metal, in leaf, in packages of 100 leaves pkgs... 30 per cent 8 c. p. Im. ft.. 40 per cent... 10 c. p. lin. ft. 15 c. p. lin. ft. li c. per lb 10 0. per lb.... 7 c. per lb. 5 c. per lb. 25 per cent .do. do. do. ...do c. p. lin. ft. 25 per cent... 45 per cent. 2}{ c. per lb. 1% c. per lb. 15 c. per lb .. 25 pei cent... l}4 c. per lb.. do 12 c. per lb. 8 c. per pack... 10c. p. lin. ft. 8c. p. lin. ft. 10 c. per lb... 7 c. per lb — 5 c. per lb.... S c. per lb... 50 per cent. IX c. per lb. .do. 10 c. per lb. 15 per cent. 10 per cent. do 40 per cent.. Average ad va- lorem under-- McKin- New ley law. law. Pei~ ct. Ver ct. 25 25 72.18 20.78 16.67 1.33 46.67 110.95 .do. 22.28 25 9.97 11.37 36.26 102.25 TARIFF SCHEDULES, 53 Comparison of rates of dtUies btiween McKinley act and new law — Continued. Schedule C. — Metals and MANtnPAC- TUBES OF— Contined. Aluminum— leaves in packages of 100 leaves pkgs.. Plates, rolled, called brazier's cop- per, sheets, rods, pipes and copper bottoms lbs... Sheathing or yellow metal, of which copper is the component material of chief value, and not composed wholly or in part of iron ungalyan- ized lbs... Gold and silver, manufactures of: Bullions and metal thread of gold, silver, or other metals not specially provided for Gold leaf, in packages of 500 leaves pkgs... Silver leaf, in packages of 500 leaves pkgs... Lead, and manufactures of : (b) Lead contained in silver ore, (b) lbs Lead contained in other ore and dross lbs... Pigs and bars, molten and old re- fuse lead, run into blocks and bars, and old scrap lead fit only to be remanufactured (c) ...lbs... Sheets, pipes, shot, glaziers' lead, and lead wire lbs... Metals nnwroiTght, and metallic min- eral substances in a crude state, not specially provided for Mica lbs... Nickel, nickel oxide, alloy of any kind in which nickel is the material of chief value lbs... Pens, metallic, except of gold. .gross... Gold pens Penholder tips and penholders, or parts thereof Pins, solid head or other, including hair, safety, hat, bonnet, shawl, and belt pins Quicksilver Type metal Types, new Chronometers, box or ship's, and parts thereof Watches, and parts of : Watches Watch cases, movements, glasses. and parts of Zinc or .spelter, and manufactures of ; In blocks or pigs lbs Id sheets lbs Old and worn out, fit only to be remanufactured '. lbs Bates of duty nnde,— McKinley law 8 c per pack. 35 percent.... 30 per cent ^2 per pack.... 75 c. per pack. Il4 c. per lb... do 2 c. per lb 2>.2 c. per lb.. per cent per cent . 10 c. per lb.... 12c. per gross. 30 per cent , 30 per cent. do 10 c. per lb 13'2 c. per lb... 25 per cent.... 10 percent 25 per cent do 1^4 c. per lb.. 2>i c. per lb.. !}■{ c. per lb.. New law. 40 per cent . 20 per cent. .do. 25 per cent.. 30 per cent. do % c. per lb. do 1 c. per lb 1}^ c. per lb... Average ad va- lorem under — McKin. ley law, Perct. 6 c. per lb 8. c. p. gross. 25 per cent 25 per cent do 7 c. per lb .. % c.per lb., 15 percent., 10 per cent.. 25 per cent. do I c. Y>er lb 1>4 c. per lb ... % c. per 11 44.87 77.78 75.36 28.20 49.13 36.65 20 per cent 20 do .35 23.77 44.47 24.79 47.66 25 10 25 25 •32.32 2t'.l'.> 54 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK, Comparison of rates of duties beturen McKinley act and new lav — Continued. Kates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under — McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. SoHDEULE C— Metals a>d manuf c- TUKis OF — Continued. Mantifactnres, articles or wares not specially provided for : Brass 45 per cent do 35 per cent do Per ct. 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 45 Per ct. ■ 35 35 riarriacrpR pfn do .. do 35 Clocks do 25 per cent 35 per cent . . do 35 do 35 do 35 do do 45 do do 35 Lead do do.. 35 do do 35 do do 35 Metals 11 e s do do 35 Nickel. . .. do. do 35 do do 35 Zinc do do 35 Total Schedule C metals 58.33 36.53 $1.50 per Mft. #2 per M ft do Free Schedule D.— Wood and manufac- tures OF. Boards, planks, deal, and other sawed lumber : Of hemlock, whitewood. syca- more, white pine, and bass wood — Planed or finished on one side, M ft 21.66 15.26 13.85 13.20 26.35 26.24 24.16 30.99 15 30 30 35 Free Planed or finished on two sides, M ft Free Planed on one side and tongued and grooved Mft... Planed on two sides and tongued and grooved M ft... All sawed lumber not specially provided for : Planed or finished on one side, M ft Free Free $2. 50 per M. ft.. do Free. .. Free Free Free Planed or finished on two sides, M ft fSperMft do Planed on one side and tongued and grooved M ft Free Free Planed on two sides and tongued and grf)ovt'd M ft... Sawed hoards, planks, deals, and all forms of sawed cedar, lignum vitae, lancewood, ebony, box, granadilla, mahogany, rosewood, satinwood, and ail other cabinet woods not further manufactured than sawed, Mft $3. 50 per Mft.. 15 per cent 30 percent do Free Free 25 per cent 20 percent ...do. 25 Shooks, sugar box. and packing boxes and packing-box shooks Casks and barrels empty 20 20 Tooth-i)icks of vegetable substance (no data) 35 percent 25 per cent 25 TARIFF SCHEDULE.'^. 55 Comparison of rati's of 'huiex hctweea McKiulcy ad and Xcw Law. — Continued. Schedule D.— Wood and manufac- ture OF— Contined. Chair cane, or reeds wrought or manufactured from rattans or reeds Furniture, cabinet or house, wholly or partly finished All other manufactures of wood,'orof which wood is the component ma- terial of chief value, not specially provided for Clocks, wood chief value Carriages and parts of, wood chief value Rates of duty uuder- McKinley law. New law Total Schedule D, wood Schedule E.— Sug-e. Su«;ar and molasses : Molasses galls... 10 per cent. 35 per cent.. do 35 per cent. Free. Sugar all not above No. 16. Dutch standard in color, tank bottoms, sugar drainings, and sugar sweepings, sirups of cane juice, melada, concentrated melaila, and concrete and concentrated mola ses..- lbs... Free. Sugar, above No. 16, Dutch stand- ard in color- Beet, cane, and other except maple lbs...' 5-10 c. per lb.. Beet, cane, and other, except i maple (if export bounty is in excess of that paid on su- gar of a lower grade). ..lbs... 6-10 c. per lb.. Maple lbs...! 5-10 c. per lb. Sugar candy and confectionery, I including chocolate confec- i tionery, made wholly or in part of sugar- Valued at 12 cents or less per pound, and refined sugar, when tinctured, colored, or in any wav adulterated -lbs... 5 c. per lb Other, not specially provided for j 50 per cent. Glucose or grape sugar lbs...| % c. per lb. Saccharine (not enximerated) • 10 per cent. 25 per cent. do 25 per cent. Above 40° and not above 56°, 2 c. per gal., above 56°, 4 c. per gall. 40 per cent.. 40 per ct. and 1-8 c. per lb. 40 per cent, and 1-8 cent plus 1-10 c. per lb. =40 per cent and 2}^ mills per lb. 40 per cent and 1-8 c. per lb. 35 percent. do 15 percent. 25 percent. Average ad va- lorem under— McKin- New ley law. law. Per ct. 10 35 31.79 Free Free 12.86 16,12 6.20 Total Schedule E. sugar... ! 14.55 | 39.59 Note. — Hawaiian molasses and sugar, now free of duty, are excluded from the estimate. There was imported of the same during the fiscal year 1893, from Hawaii 67,324 gallons of molasses and 288,517,929 pounds of sugar. 56 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comporisons of raUs of dutieJi between the McKinley act and new law. BcBLEDxn>E F.— Tobacco, AND MANUFAC- TURES OF. Tobacco, and manufacture of : Leaf tobacco, suitable for cigar wrappers — Not stemmed lbs... Stemmed lbs... Leaf, other, unmanufactured and not stemmed lbs... Leaf, other, stemmed lbs... All other lbs... Suuff and snuff flour, manufac- tured of tobacco, groimd dry, or damj), and pickled, scented or otherwise lbs... Cigars and cheroots of all kinds, lbs Cigarettes and paper cigars, in- cluding wrappers lbs... Kates of duty under- McKinley law. New law Total Schedule F, tobacco. Schedule G.— Agricultural products and provisions. Animals, not elsewhere specified : Horses- Valued at less than $150 each, No Valued at }a50 and oyer... No.. Mules No.. Cattle- One year old or less No.. More than 1 year old No... Hogs No Sheep- Less than 1 year old No... One vear old or more No.. All other Breadstuffs : Barley bush.. Barley malt bush.. Barley, pearled, patent, or hiilled, lbs Buckwheat bush.. Corn or maize bush.. Corn meal bush.. Macaroni. Yermicelli, and similar preparations lbs... Oats bush... Oatmeal lbs... Eice : Cleaned lbs... Uncleaned lbs... Paddy lbs... Eice flour, rice meal, and broken rice which will pass through a wire sieve known commercially as No. 12 lbs... Eye bush... $2 per lb ^2.75 per lb.. 35 c. per lb... 50 c. per lb... 40c. per lb... 50 c. per lb.... #4.50 per lb. and 25 per c. do $30 per head... 20 per cent. 30 per cent do. $;30 per head do. $1.50 per lb. $2.25 per lb.. 35 c. per lb.. 50 c. per lb. 40 c. per lb.. 50 c. per lb.... $4 per lb. and 25 per cent.. do t2 per head.... $10 per head.. $1.50 per head, 75c. per head., Iill.25perhead, 20 per cent.... 30c. per h\\. 45c. per bu.. 2c. per lb 15c. per bu.. do 20c. per bu.. 2c. per lb... 15c. per bu. Ic. per lb... 2c. per lb l>^c. per lb. %c. per lb... }{c. per lb... lOc. per bu.. ..do. ..do ..do. 30 per cent. 40 per cent.. 30 percent.. 20 percent.. do do 20 per cent.... do 15 per cent... lyic per lb.. 8-lOc. per lb. %c. per lb.... McKin- New ley law. law. Average ad va- lorem under — Per ci. 81.93 95.44 198.59 125.36 155.44 31.55 30 93.26 43.53 63.22 12.03 22.01 25.35 20 15.95 37 22.20 24.58 39.26 35.99 17.82 111.85 64.19 51.04 c. per lb 14.08 ) per cent I 4.94 TARIFF SCHBDULBS. 5T Comparison of rate* c^ duiks between McKinley act and new Imv. — Continued. Schedule G. — Agriccltubal products AND PROVISIONS. — Continued. Eye flour lbs.. Wheat bush.. Wheat flour bbls.. Dairy Products: Butter, and substitutes therefor, lbs Cheese lbs.. Milk, preserved or condensed, in- cluding -weight of package..lbs... Milk, sugar of lbs... Vegetables: Beans bush... Prepared or preserved— Beans, pease, and mushrooms, in tins, jars, bottles, or other- wise Eggs doz... Hay tons... Honey galls... Hops lbs... Onions bush... Pease: Dried bush... Split bush... Others, in carton, papers, or small packages lbs... Potatoes bush... Seeds, not elsewhere specified: Castor beans or seeds bush... Linseed or flaxseed bush... Poppy and other oil seeds.. .bush.. Garden seeds, agricultural and other seeds, n. s. p Pickles and sauces All other, not specially provided for Vegetables, other in their natural state '. Straw tons.. Teazles Fish: Anchovies and sardines, packed in oil or otherwise: In tin boxes- Whole boxes, measuring not more than 5 by 4 by 33'2 inches.. boxes... Half boxes, measuring not more than 5 by 4 by 1% inches..boxes... Quarter boxes, measur- ing not more than 4% by 3>.2 by \.]4 inches. boxes In auy other form Rates of duty under- McKinley law. New law 3^c. per lb.. 25c. per lb.. 25 per cent. 6c. per lb. do 3c. per lb.... 8c. per lb.... 40c. per bu. 40 per Cf nt. . . 5c. per doz... .f 4 per ton.... 20c. per gall. 15c. per lb.... 40c. per bu... 20c. per bu... 50c. per bu... Ic. per lb 25c. per bu... 50c. per bu... 80c. per bu... do 20 per cent. do do 4c. per lb. do 2c. per lb.... 5c. per lb... 20 per cent. 20 per cent. 45 per cent. do 25 per cent. 30 per cent. do 30 per cent.... 3c. per doz... f 2 per ton.... 10c. per gall. 8c. per lb 20c. per bu.... do 50c. per bu... Ic. per lb 15c. per bu... 25c. per bu.. 20c. perbu... do 10 per cent.. 30 per cent. do 10 per cent. 15 per cent. do Average ad va- lorem under— McKin- New ley law. law. 10c. per box. 5c. per box. 10c. per box .. 5c. per box.... 2lic. per box. 40 percent Cod, haddock, hake, etc.. pickled , in barrels bbls... I Ic. per lb. 23ic. per box. 40c. per cent.. %c. per lb Perct. 20.42 25 32.88 42.96 Perc(. 20 21.92 28.64 33.92 22.62 65.37 40.85 40 30 41.29 24.78 43.31 21.65 44.83 22.42 36.21 19.28 51.48 25.74: 18.10 18.10 15.84 15.84. 49.38 23.31 9.41 20 45 45 25 31.18 24.69 15.54 6.28 10 30 3.12 30.12 2.43 «<.22.43 31.03 31.03 40 \-\ 40. 25.80 58 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rales of duties between McKinley act and new knv— Continued. Bates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New- law. •Schedule G.— Agrictjltukal pkoducts AND PROVISIONS.— ContiDued. Fish— Continued. Mackerel, pickled or salted..bbls... Salmon, pickled or salted lbs... Other fish: Pickled or salted, in barrels bbls Ic. per lb fi c.per lb do . Per ct. 17.32 14.25 26.42 19.12 37.94 17.90 17.17 14.16 30 30 30 30 Per ct. 13.15 10 69 do do 19 82 Cod. haddock, hake, and pollock: Dried, smokad, salted, or pickled otherwise than in do 19.12 do 37.94 Other fish dried or smoked lbs do do . . 17 90 Pickled or salted, not iu barrels do do 17 17 Herring, pickled or salted... bbls... In cans or packages made of tin or other material, except an- chovies and sardines and fish packed in any other manner, not specially provided for— Kc per lb 30 per cent do He. per lb 20 percent do 14.16 20 Mackeral 20 do do •10 Other do do . 20 €ans or packages, made of tin or other material, containing shell- fish admitted free of duty, not exceeding 1 quart in contents Grapes bbls... Plums and prunes lbs... 60c. per bbl... 2c. per lb 2Jic. per lb 13c. per pkg... 25c. per pkg... 50c. per pkg... 10c. per cu ft. $1.50 per M.... 13c. per pkg... 25c. per pkg... 50c. per pkg... 10c. per cu. ft. $1 50 M 20 per cent l>^c. per lb 19.62 44.24 45.77 15.86 19.18 24.41 18.25 31.15 12.56 13.16 18.71 19.09 11.63 20 33.18 27.47 Oranges: In packages of capacity of 1}^ cubic fett or less pkgs... In packages of capacity exceed- ing 1}^ cubic feet and not ex- ceeding 2J^ cubic feet,....pkgs... In packages of capacity exceed- ing 2K cubic feet and not ex- ing 5 cubic feet pkgs... In packages of capacity exceed- ing 5 cubic feet cu. ft... In bulk M... Lemons: In pa kages of capacity of !}■{ cubic feet or less pkgs... In packages of capacity exceed- ing 1^4 cubic feet and not ex- ceeding 2K cubic feet pkgs... In packages of capacity exceed- ing 2^ cubic feet and not exceeding 5 cubic feet pkgs... In packages of capacity exceed- 8c. per cu. ft.. . do 12.20 15 34 do 19 53 do 14 60 .fl.50per M.... 8c. per cu. ft... do 31.15 9.66 10.53 do 14.97 do 15.27 In bulk .'.M... fl.SOperM.... 11.63 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 59 'oinjunrlmn of fifrx i,f 'hifn-x l.rtnyen MrKinle;/ (.wf (tnd nen: lau: — Continued. Schedule G — AGEict^LTTTnAL pro- ducts AND PROVISIONS— Coiitinued. Limes: lu packases of capacitj' of 1}{ cubic feet or less pkgs.. Ill packages of capacity exceed- ing 1)4 cubic feet and not ex- ceeding 2}4 cubic feet pkgs.. In packages of capacity- exceed- ing 2)^2 cubic feet and not ex- ceeding 5 cnbic feet cu. ft.. In packages of capacity exceed- ing 5 cubic feet en. ft... In bulk M... Barrels or boxes containing oranges, lemons or limes, exclusive of con- tents (a) Eaisins lbs... [Preserved — ' Comfits, sweetmeats and fruits preserved in sugar, sirup, mo- lasses or spirits, not .speciafly provided for, and jellies of ail kinds Ginger, preserved or pickled Cocoauut, dessicated Fruits preserved in their own juices... Orange and lemon peel, preserved or candied lbs... KutS: Almonds: Not shelled lbs... Shelled lbs... Filberts and walnuts: Not shelled lbs. Shelled lbs. Peanuts or ground beans: Unshelled lbs. Shelled , lbs. All other shelled or unshelled, not specially provided f or..lbs. Cocoanuts Apples : Green or ripe biish., Dried, dessicated, evaporated, lbs Currants, Zante lbs., Dates lbs.. Pineapples Olives, green or prepared Orchids, lily of the valley, azaleas, ( palms and other plants used for forcing under glass for cut flowers or decorative purposes Bacon and hams lbs.. Beef. .lbs... Fresh- Mutton 'Pork lbs. Bates of duty under- McKiuleylaw. New law. 13c. per pkg... 23c. per pkg... 50c. per pkg. lOe. per cu. ft, $1.50 per M.... 30 percent.... 2}4 c. per lb. 35 percent. do 20 per cent. 30 per cent. 2 c. per lb.. 5 c. per lb.... 7Ji c. per lb. 3 c. per lb. 6 c. per lb. 1 c. per lb.... 1>^ c. per lb. do.. Free... 25 c. per bii. 2 c. per lb. Free do do do do 5 c. per lb. 2 c. per lb. do do 8c. per en. ft. do .do. do f 1.50 per M. 30 per cent.... 13^ c. per lb. Average ad va- lorem under — McKin ley law Per ct. 41.05 19 25.17 21 26.59 30 per cent. do 30 percent. 20 per cent. percent 29.92 3 c. per lb. 5 c. per lb. 2 c. per lb. 4 c. per lb. 20 per cent. do .do. do IH c. per lb... 20 percent ....do do 10 percent. 20 percent. do do do 51.34 42.42 52.99 49.04 72.86 16.82 39.22 Free.. 42.41 Free .. Free.. Free.. Free .. Free.., 26.06 36.05 17.13 24.33 60 . DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Compnruon of raks of diUies between McKinley ad and nnc fciu,-— Continued, fl Rates of duty under— Average ad va- 1 lorem under— tj McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. 80HEDULE G.— Agrictiltubal pko- DTJCT6 AND PBOTisioNs— Continued. Meats, dressed or undressed, but not Perct. Per ct. , 10 per cent 20per cent 10 20 Meats of all kinds, prepared or pre- served 25 per cent do 25 20 Extract of meat: Fluid extract lbs... 15 c. per lb 15 per cent 18 01 15 All other not speciallj^ provided for lbs- 35 c. per lb 15 per cent 17.95 15 Lard lbs... 2 c. per lb 1 c. per lb 23.72 • 11. 8< Poultry, live lbs... 3 c. per lb 2 c. per lb 32.51 21.6'; Poultry, dressed lbs... 5 c. per lb 3 c. per lb 53.93 32.34 Chicory root, burnt or roasted. ground or granulated, or in rolls, or otherwise prepared lbs... 2 c. per lb 2 c. per lb 54.40 54.40 Chocolate, other than confectionerv. and sweetened chocolate (b) lbs... do do 9.21 9.21 Cocoa, prepared or manufactured. not specially provided for lbs... Cocoa butter or butteriue lbs... do do 5.80 13.75 5.80 13.75 3Ji c. per lb... 3)4 c. per lb... Dandelion root and acorns prepared, and other articles used as coffee, or • as substitutes for coffee, not speci- ally provided for lbs... IK c. per lb... l}i c. per lb... 40.15 40.15 Starch, and all preparations for use as starch lbs... 2 c. per lb IK c. per lb... 84.38 63.28 Dextrin, burnt starch, gum substi- tute or British gum lbs... IX c. per lb... IX c. per lb... 43.51 43.51 Mustard, ground or preserved, in bottles or otherwise lbs... 10 c. per lb 25 per cent 38.09 25.00 Spices not elsewhere specified; Cayenne pepper, unground... lbs... 2X c^er lb... 2K c. per lb... 35.10 35.10 Sage lbs... All other, ground or powdered, 3 c. per lb 1 c. per lb 171.10 57.03 not specially provided for..lbs... 4 c. per lb 3 c. per lb 57.94 43.46 Yinegar stand, galls... 7^0. per gall.. 7>2 c. per gall.. 27.40 27.40 33.21 23.10 Schedule H.— Splrits, Wines, etc. Spirits distilled: Brandy prf. galls... $2.50 per prf. $1.80 per prf. 91.67 65.98 Other, not specially provided for. gallon. gallon. manufactured or distilled— From grain prf. galls... From other materials, do do 293 26 prf calls. .. . ... do . . do 366 91 264 06 Compounds or preparations of which distilled spirits are a component part of chief value, not specially provided for. prf. galls $2.50 per prf. gallon. ^1.80 per prf. gallon. 97 63 70 27 Cordials, liquors, arracks, ab- sinthe, kirchwasser, ratafia and other spirituous beverages, or bitters containing spirits, and not specially provided for. prf. galls i do do 115.05 82.83 - TARIFF SCHEDULES. 61 Oomparlfon of rates of duties between McKinley act and new law — Continued. Rates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. 80HEDULE H.— Spieits, Wines, etc.— Continued. Bay rum or bay water, whether dis- tilled or compounded prf. galls... Per ct. Perot. $1.50 per prf. $1 per proof 227.13 151.42 Wines containing not more than 24 gallon. gallon. per cent of alcohol: Champagne and all other spark- ling, in bottles — Containing 3^ pint each or less ^ doz... i$2 per dozen.. $2 per dozen.. 53.82 53.82 Containing more than K pint each and not more than 1 pint doz... $4 per dozen.. $4 per dozen.. 52.62 52.62 Containing more than 1 pint each and not more than 1 quart doz... $8 per dozen.. $8 per dozen.. 55.22 55.22 Quantity in excess of 1 quart per bottle galls... Still wines : $2.50 per gall.. $2.50 per gall.. In casks galls... 50 c. per gall... 50c. pergall... 69.39 69.39 In bottles or jugs — Containing each not more than 1 pint doz... SO c. per doz... 80 c. per doz... 26.25 26.25 Containing each more than 1 pint and not more than 1 quart doz... fl.eOperdoz... $1.60 per doz... 28.96 28.96 Quantity in excess of 1 quart or 1 pint per bottle pts... V«rmuth. including ginger wine and 5 c. per pint... 5 c. per pint... ginger cordial : In casks galls... 50 c. per gall... 50 c. pergall... 50.49 50.49 In bottles or jugs — Containing each not more than 1 pint doz... 80 c. per doz... 80 c. per doz... 30 30 Containing each more than 1 pint and not more than 1 quart doz... $1.60 per doz.. $1.60 per doz.. 53.38 53.38 Bottles or jugs containing wines. cordials, brandy or other spiritu- ous liquors No... Malt liquors, viz, ale, beer and por- ter: In bottles 01 jugs galls... 3 c. each 40 per cent a60 40 40 c. per gall... 30 c. pergall... 41.56 31.17 Not in bottles or jugs galls... 20 c. pergall... 15 c. pergall... 60.53 45.40 Malt extract : Fluid- In bottles or jugs galls... 40 c. pergall... 30 c. per gall... 43.35 32.51 Incayks galls... 20 c. pergall... 15 c. pergall... 38.87 29.15 Solid or condensed 40 percent 30 percent 40 30 Beverages not elsewhere specified : Cherry juice and other fruit juice, not specially provided for- Containing not more than 18 per cent of alcohol ...galls... 60 c. pergall... 56 c. per gall... 156.41 130.34 Containing more than 18 per • cent of alcohol galls... $2.50 per prf. gallon. $1.80 per prf. gallon. 150.86 108.54 62 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN Comparison of rates ofdutiee hetiveen MrK'mlij'act BOOK. and nev hm; — Continued. ■ Rates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under— McKinly law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. ScHTuuLE II.— Spirits, Wixes. etc.— ''olltiDlU'd. Bevei' ;es['eoirit;cl— '"■•■- : jeruHf .inure or pruiii' wine— Contaiuiugr not more than 18 per cent of alcohol galls... Containing more than 18 per cent of alcohol galls... Ginger ale and ginger beer— In plain, green, or colored, molded, or pressed glass bottles- Containing each not more than % of a pint doz... Containing more than % of a pint each and not more than 13^ pints doz.. Otherwise than in such bottles, or ill such bottles containing more than 11-2 piutseach..galls... Mineral waters, and all imita- tions of natural mineral waters, and all artificial mineral wa- ters not specially provided for— In plain, green, or col6red glass bottles — Containing not more than 1 pint doz... Containing more than 1 pint and not more than 1 quart doz... Otherwise than in such bottles, or in bottles containing more than 1 ciuart galls... Total Schedule H, spirit6,wines. etc 60 c. per gall... $2.50pergall... 13 c. per doz... 26 c. per doz... 50 c. per gall... 16 c. per doz... 25 c. per doz... 20 c. per gall... 50 c. per gall... $1.80 per proof gallon. • 20 percent do Pa- cl. 69.16 Po- cl. 57.9 17.25 36.20 20 20 20 20 20 20 , 20 per cent 22.59 19.52 24 do 69.90 61.01 Seheddle I.— Cotton manufac- TURFS. Cotton, manufactures of : Thread, yarn, warp, or warp yarn, whether single or advanced be- yond the condition of single by grouping or twisting two or more single yarns together, whether on beams or in bundles, skeins, or cops, or in any other form— (a) Valued at not exceeding 25 cents per pound lbs... Valued at over 25 and not ex- ceeding 40 cents per pound. 10 c. per lb 18 c. per lb 23 c. per lb 28 c. per lb 8 c. per lb 15 c. per lb...... 45 percent do 45.03 51.12 50.17 48.96 36.02 42.60 Valued at over 40 and not ex- ceediug 50 cents per pound, pounds 45 • Valued at over 50 and not ex- ceeding 60 cents per pound, pounds 45 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 63 Comparison of rates of ditfies between McKinln art and ncm laiv. — Continued. Rates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under— McKinly law. New law. McKin- ly law. New law. Schedule I.— Cotton Manufactures— * Coutinued. Cotton, --r, nufaf.tnros of— Cont'd. ' Valued at over 60 and not ex- ceeding 70 cents per pound. Fer ct. Per cL pounds 33 c.per lb 25 per cent 50.19 45 Valued at over 70 and not ex- ceeding 80 cents per pound, pounds 38 c.per lb do 49.95 45 Valued at over 80 cents and not exceeding $1 perpotiud...lbs... Valued at over $1 per pound.. lbs. . . Thread on spools, 100 yards on 48 c.per lb do 53.55 45 45 50 i)er cent do 50 each si)ool doz... 7 c. per doz 5}^ c. per doz.. 56.38 44.30- Cloth- Not exceeding 50 threads to the square inch, counting the warp and filling— Not bleached, dyed, col- ored, stained, painted. or printed, valued at 6X cents or less per square yard sq. yds... 2 c. per sq. yd.. 1 c. per sq. yd. 41.65 20.83 Bleached, valued at 9 cents or less per square yard.. sq . yards 2Jic.persq.yd Deeper sq. yd 29.61 14.80 Dyed", colored, stained. painted, or printed, val- ued at 12 cents or less per square y ard..sq. yds. . . 4 c. per sq. yd.. 2 c. per sq. yd. 46.68 23.34 Exceeding 50 and not exceed- ing 100 threads to the square inch, counting the warp and filling— Not bleached, dyed, col- , ored, stained, painted. or printed, valued at 6>^ cents or less per square yard sq. yds... 23ic. persq.yd Ij^.U^andW c. per sq. yd. =1}4 c. per. sq. yd. 40.83 27.22 Bleached, valued at 9 cents or less per square yard.. sq. yards 3 c. persq.yd.. I^,l%.and2c. per sq. yd. 47.79 27.88 =1% c. per sq. yd. Dyed, colored. stained. painted, or printed, val- ued at 12 cents or less per square yard sq. yds... 4 c. per sq. yd.. 2^,3,and3Vc. 43.57 32.68 Not exceeding 100 threads to per sq. yd. the square inch, counting =3 c. per sq. the warp and filling— yd. Not l>leached, dyed, col- ored, stained, painted, or printed, valued at over 6)^ cents per scpmre yard.. S(i. yards 35 per cent 25 per cent 35 25 €4 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of ratei of duties between McKinley act and new law. — Continued. Kates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. Schedule I.— Cotton Manufactures— Continued. €otton manufacturers of— Cont'd. Bleached, valued at over 9 cents per square yard- Per ct. Per d. square j'ards 25 per cent 25 per cent 35 25 Dyed, colored, stained, painted, or printed, val- ued at over 12 cents per sq. yard sq. yds... do 30 per cent 35 30 Exceeding 100 and not exceed- ing 150 threads to the square inch, counting the warp and filling- * Not bleached, dyed, col- ored, stained, painted, or printed, valued at 73^ cents or less per square yard sq.yds... 3 c. per sq. yd 1-^,1%, 2. and 23i, c. per sq. yd.=l% c. p. 52.74 32.96 Valued at over 1% cents sq. yd. per sqiiare vard-sq. yds... Bleached, valued at 10 40 per cent 30 per cent 40 30 cents or less per square yard sq.yds... 4 c. per sq. yd. 21-5^2%, 3, and 3^ cts. p. sq. yd. = 2% c. 49.59 35.65 Valued at over 10 centsper square yard sq. yds... per Sq yd. 40 percent 35 per cent 40 35 Dyed, colored, stained. painted, or printed, val- ued at 123^ cents or less per square yard. .sq.yds... 5 c. persq^yd. 3H,3M,4,and 4>^ c. p. sq. yd. =3K c. 48.76 37.78 Valued at over 12^' cents per Sq. yd. , per square yard..sq. yds... 40 percent 35 per cent 40 85 Exceeding 150 and not ex- ceeding 200 threads to the sciuare inch, counting the warp an'1 tilling — N(^t bhaclifd. dyed, col- ored, stained, painted. or printed, valued at 8 cents or less per square yard sq. yds... S.Si'c.persq.yd 2,2>,^,2K,and 2% c. per sq. yd. =2% c. per sq. yd. 67.35 45.71 Valued at. over 8 c. per square yard sq. yds... 45 percent 35 per cent 45 35 Bleachefi, valued at 10 cents per square yard sq. yds... 4,-2C.persq. yd 2%, 3, 33^, and 3K cts. per sq. yd. =33^ cts. per sq. 61.66 42.83 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 65 Comparison of rates of duties between McKinley act and new law. — Continued. Rates of duty under — Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. 1 New law. McKin- ley law. New law. Schedule I. Cotton Manufactures.— k Coutiniied. Cotton, manufactures of— Continued. Cloth— Continued. Exceeding 150 and not exceed- ing 200 threads to the square inch, counting the warp and filling— Continued. Yahied at over 10 cents Perct. Per ct. per square j'ard.sq. yds.. 45 per cent 35 per cent 45 35 Dj^ed, colored, stained. painted, or printed. valued at 12 cents or less per square yard..sq. yds.. 53^ c. persq yd 43€, 4>i, 4M. and 5 c. per sq. yd.=4Mc. per sq. yd. 51.33 43.16 Valued at over 12 cents per square yard..sq. yds.. 45 per cent 40 per cent. 45 40 Exceeding 200 threads to the square inch, counting the warp and filling— Not bleached, dj'ed, col- ored, stained, "^painted. or printed, vahied at 10 cents or less per square yard sq. yds... 4Kc. persq. yd 3. SX, 3}i, and 3H c. per sq. yd.=3M c. per sq. yd. 53.36 40.02 Valued at over 10 cents per square vard sq. vds... 45 per cent 40 per cent 45 40 Bleached, valued at 12 cents or less per square yard sq. vds... 5)^ c. persq. yd 4, 4K, 4K, and 4% c. per sq. 55.18 43.89 yd.=4M e. per sq. yd. Valued at over 12 cents per sqvare yard..sq. yds.. 45 percent 40 per cent 45 40 Dj-ed, colored, stained, painted, or printed, valued at 15 cents or less peii square yard S(i. vds e,% c. per sq. yd 5% ancl 6 c. per sq. yd. 54.14 47.12 =5K c. per sq. yd Valued at over 15 cents per square yard..sq. yds.. 45 per cent ^ 40 per cent 45 40 Bleached, dyed, colored. stained, painted, or printed. containing an admixture of silk, and not otherwise pro- vided for sq. yds... 10 c. per sq. yd. and 35 per cent. 45 per cent 61.57 45 Corsets not elsewhere specified '^^'^ 50 per cent 40 per cent 50 40 66 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of duties between McKinley act and new law. — Continued. Bates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under— ' McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. ScHEDTiLE I. Cotton Manufactuees — Coutinued. Cotton, manufactures of— Continued. Other articles of wearing apparel and ready-made clothing — ■ Of which India rubber is a Per ct. Per ct. component material lbs... 50 cents per pound and 40 per cent 89.44 40 All other not specially pro- 50 per cent. vided for 50 per cent do 50 40 Plushes, velvets, velveteens, cor- duroys, and all other pile fab- rics composed of cotton or vegetable fibre — Plushes, velvets, and velve- teens— Not bleached, dyed, col- ored, stained, painted. or printed sq. yds... 10 c. per sq. yd. and 20 do 72.65 40 per cent. Bleached sq. yds... 12 c. per sq. yd. 47K per cent.. 53.95 47.5 Dyed, colored, stained. and 20 per ct. painted, or printed Mc.persq. yd. and 20 per et. do 60.25 47.5 All other sq. yds... Corduroys and other pile fab- 40 per cent 40 per cent 40 40 rics — Not bleached, dyed, col- ored, stained, painted or printed sq. yds... 10 c. p. sq. yd. and 20 p. ct. 40 per cent 68.75 40 Bleached sq. yds... 12 c. p. sq. yd. 47K per cent... 62.42 47.5 Dyed, colored, stained, and 20 p. ct. painted or printed. sq. yds 14 c. p. sq. yd. and 20 p. ct. do 60.52 47.5 All other sq. yds... 40 per cent 40 per cent 40 40 Chenille curtains, iable covers. and all goods manufactured of cotton chenille, or of which cotton chenille forms the com- ponent material of chief value... 60 percent 45 per cent 60 45 Knit goods made oh knitting ma- chines or frames- Stockings, hose and half hose. other, valued at not mo re than $1.50 per dozen doz... 35 percent 30 per cent 35 30 Shirts and drawers valued at not more than $1.50 per /l/-\ypi-l floy clo 50 percent 35 50 \x\jzik:;u viv.7Zj. . . Valued at more than $1.50 and not more than .$3 per dozen doz... Valued at more than .f3 $1 per dozen and 35 p. ct. do 74 50 and not more than $5 per dozen doz... $1.25 par doz. and iO p. ct. do 72.86 60 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 67 Comparison of rates of duties between McKinleif act and new lav — Continued. Rates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New" law. McKin- ley law. New law. Schedule I. Cotton MANurACTUBES — Contimied. Other artel's of wearing app'l— Cu'td. Valued at more than $5 and not more than $7 Per ct. Per ct. per dozen doz... $1.50 per doz. 50 per cent 65.59 50 Valued at more than $7 and 40 p. ct. $2 per dozen and 40 p. ct. per dozen doz... Stockings, hose and half do 59.51 50 hose— Selvedged, fashioned, nar- rowed, or shaped wholly or in part by knitting machines or frames, or knit by hand, including such as are commerci- ally known as seamless stockings, hose or half • hose, finished or unfin- ished- Valued at not more than 60 cents per dozen pairs doz... Valued at more than 20 c. per doz. and 20 p. ct. clo 54.19 50 60 cents and not more than $2 per dozen pairs doz... 50 c. per doz. do 71.97 50 Valued at more than and 30 p. ct. $2 and not more than $4 per dozen pairs doz... 75 c. per doz. do 67.54 50 Valued at more than and 40 p. ct. $4 per dozen pairs. doz fl per doz. and 40 p. ct. clo . 56.74 50 Cords, braids, boot, shoe and cor- set lacings— On which duty computed at 35 cents per pound is less than 40 per cent ad valorem. lbs 40 percent 35 c. per lb 45 percent clo 40 56.85 45 45 Another , lbs... Gimps, galloons, webbing, gor- ing, suspenders and braces, elastic or non-elastic 40 vDercent clo 40 40 45 35 Damask .do ...■.■■■ 35 per cent All other manufactures of cotton not specially provided for clo clo 40 35 Total schedule I, cotton manu- factures V 55.25 43.54 \ SuMKuuLE J.— Flax, hemp and jute, X AND MANUFACTURES OF. Flax and hemp, and manufactures of flax, hemp, jute and other vege- table fibers: Unmanufactured — Flax, hackled, known as "dressed line" tons... 3 c. per lb IK c. per lb... 10.77 5.39 68 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of duties between McKinley act and new law — Continued. Kates of duly under— Average ad va- lorem under— • McKinley. New law. McKin-l ley law. New ^law. Schedule J. Flax, hemp and jute, AND MANUFACT>UKES or— Continued. Flax, hemp, etc., nnraannfaetured— Continued. < Hemp, hackled, known as line of hemp tons... Pe7- ct. Per ct. $50 per ton 1 c. pe|lb 23.35 10.46 Manufactures — Yarn, jute lbs... 35 per cent 30 per cent 35 30 Cables, cordage and twine- Cables and cordage — 1 Of hemp, untarred ...lbs... 2}^c. per lb... 10 per cent 22.34 10 Other, untarred, corn- loosed in whole or in part ofistleor Tampicofibre, manila, sisal grass, or sunn lbs... 1}4 c. per lb... do 16.86 10 Tarred lbs... 3 c. per lb do 31 '>'A 10 Ail other lbs... 1/4 c. per lb ... do is! 78 15.83 10 Hemp and jute carpets sq. yds... 6 c. per sq. yd. 20 per cent 20 Burlaps, of flax, jute, or hemp, or of which flax, jute, or hemp, or either of them, shall be the com- ponent material of chief value (except such as may be suitable for bagging for cotton) — ' Not exceeding 60 inches in width lbs... Exceeding 60 inches in width iMc. perlb... Free 29.23 Free. lbs 40 per cent do 40 Free. Bags for grain made of burlaps..lbs. . . Bagging for cotton, gunny cloth, 2 c. per lb do 44.73 Free. and all similar material for cover- --- ing cotton, composed in whole or in part of hemp, flax, jute, or jute butts- Valued at 6 cents or less per square yard sq. yds... Valued at more than 6 cents per 1 G-10 c. per sq. yd. Free 32.52 Free. sqiiare yard sq. yds... 1 8-lO'c. p. sq. ..'....do 26.37 Free. Gill netting, nets, webs, and seines . yc^- of flax- \i Made of thread or twine from varn of a number not higher. than 20 lbs.... 15 c. lb. and 35 per cent. 40 per cent 144.63 40 Made of thread or twine from yarn finer than No. 20 lbs.. 20 c. lb. and 40 per cent. do 58.17 1 40 Hose, linen hydraulic, made, in 1 whole or in part of flax, hemjfl, or jute lbs.. 20 c. per lb.... do 34.31 40 Oilcloths for floors, stamped, painted, or printed, including linoleum, corticene, cork car- I pets, figured or plain, and all i other oilcloth i^except silk oil- 1 1 cloth), and waterpi'oof cloth. not speciallv provided for— ! Valued at 25 cents or less per square yard sq. yds.. ' 40 per cent 25 per cent ! 40 25- TARIFF SCHEDULES. 69 Cnwparhoii of rates of (hdies beticeen McKlnley act and neiv lav — Continued. Schedule J.— Flax, hemp, and jute, AND MANUFACTURES OF — CoutillUecl. Flax, and hemp, and manTifacturesof flax, liemp, jiite, and other vegeta- ble fibres— Continvied. Valued above 25 cents per square yard sq. yds.., Yarns or threads- Flax or hemp — Valued at 13 cents or less per pound lbs... Valued at more than 13 cents per pound lbs... Manufactures of flax or hemp, or of which these substances, or either of them, is the compon- ent material of chief value Maniafactures of flax containing more than 100 threads to the square inch, counting both warp and filling (until January 1, 1895) Wearing apparel- Collars and cuffs entirely of cotton doz. pes... Collars and cuffs, composed in whole or in part of linen doz Shirts and all articles of wear- ing apparel of every de- scription, not specially pro- vided for, composed wholly or in part of linen Tapes composed of flax, woven with or without metal threads, on reels or spools, designed ex- pressly for use in the manufac- tiire of measuring tapes (no data) Laces, edgings, embroideries, in- sertings, neck riifllings, ruch- ings, trimmings, tuckings, lace window curtains, and other similar tamboured articles, and articles embroidered by hand or machinery, embroidered and hemstitched handkerchiefs, and articles made wholly or in part of lace, ruffiings, tuckings, or ruchings. composed of flax, jute, or other vegetable fibre, except cotton, or of which either of these substances, except cotton, is the component material of chief value, not specially pro- vided for Rates of duty tiuder- McKinley law. 15 c. per s yard and : per cent. 6 c. per lb.. 45 per cent , 50 per cent . Average ad va- lorem under — McKin- ley law. 40 per cent. 35 per cent. do .do. 35 per cent do. 15 c. per doz. do and 35 p. ct. j I 30 c. per doz, j 30 c. per doz. and 40 p. ct. and 30 p. ct. 55 per cent 50 per cent 35 per cent . 60 per cent. 25 per cent 50 per cent. Per ct. 57.17 35 68.26 68.54 New law. Per ct. 40 35 35, 58.54 70 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Coinparifion of rates and duties between McKinley act and new law — Continued. Schedule J.— Flax, hemp, and jute, AND MANUFACTURES OF— Continued. Flax and hemp, and mamifactiires of flax, etc.-— Continiied. Laces, edgings, embroideries, in- sertings, neck rvifflings, rncb- ings, trimmings, tuckings, lace window curtains, and other similar tamliourod articles, and articles emliniidfrcd hy hand or machinery, embroidered and hemstitched handkerchiefs, and articles made whollj' or in part of lace, rufflings, tuckings, or ruchings, composed of cotton, or of which cotton is the com- ponent material of chief value, not specially provided for All other manufactures not spe- cially provided for — Manufactures of jute, or of which jute is the compon- ent material of chief value, not specialli' provided for — Valued at 5 cents per pound or less lbs.., Valued above 5 cents per pound lbs... Manufacture s of other vege- table fibre, except flax, hemp, or cotton, or of which other vegetable fibre, except flax, hemp, or cotton, is the com- ponent material of chief value, not specially pro- vided f or— Valued at 5 cents per pound, or less lbs... Valued above 5 cents per pound lbs. Total Schedule J, flax, hemp, etc Schedule K.— Woolen Goods, a Manufactures composed whollj' or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, or other animals : Shoddy lbs... Yarns, woolen and worsted- Valued at not more than 30 cents per poimd lbs... Valued at more than 30 and not more than 40 cents per pound lbs... Valued at more than 40 cents per pound • lbs... Rates of duty under- McKinley law. 60 per cent. 2c. per lb.. 40 per cent. 2c. per lb.. 40 percent. 30c. ])er lb.. New la 50 per cent. 35 per cent. do Average ad va- lorem under — McKin- New ley law. law. 15 per cent. 27hiC. per lb. and 35 p. c. 33c. per lb. and 35 p. c. 38Kc. per lb. and 40 p. c. per cent. .do 55.87 40 40 per cent. 52.50 278.66 118.79 105.42 Per ct. 50 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 71 Compariso)i of rates of duties between McKinley act and neir liv . — Continuea. Rates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under — McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. Schedule K— Wcolen Goods— Cont'd. Cloths, woolen or worsted: Valued at not more thau 30 cents per pound lbs... Valued at more than 30 and not more than 40 cents per pound 33c. per lb. and 40 p. c. 38>i c per lb. aud 40 p. c. 44 c. per lb. and 50 p. c. 33 c. per lb. and 40 p. c. 38Kc. per lb. and 40 p. c. 44 c. per lb. and 50 p. c. 33 c. per lb. and 40 p. c. 38}-i c. per lb. and 40 p. c. 44 c. per lb. and 50 p. c. 49>^ c. per lb. and 00 p. c. 33 c. per lb. and 40 p. c. 381^ c. per lb. and 40 p. c. 44 c. per lb. and 50 p. c. 16)<2 c. per lb. and 35 p. c. 22 c. per lb. aud 85 p. c. 33 c. per lb. and 35 p. c. 38>i c per lb. and 40 p. c. 16K c. per lb. and 35 p. c. 22 c. per lb. and 35 p. c. 33 c. per lb. and 35 p. c. 38i^i c. per lb. and 40 p. c. 40 per cent 40 per cent 50 per cent 35 per cent Per ci. 163.09 114.86 99.50^ Perct. 40 40 Valued above 40 cents per pound lbs 50 Shawls, woolen or worsted : Valued at not more than 30 cents 35 Valued at more thau 30 aud not more thau 40 cents per pound do 150.30 88.60 35 Valued at above 40 cents per pound lbs... Knit fabrics, and all fabrics made on knitting machines or frames : Valued at not more than 30 cents per pound lbs... Valued at more than 30 and not more thau 40 cents per pound 40 per cent 40 35 do 40 per cent do 136 82.25 94.09 159.60 ]42.59 87.03 88.22 100 103.90 80.33 86 106.38 104.22 87.26 35 Valued at above 40 cents per pound lbs... All ku't wearing apparal lbs... All other mauufactures, not specially provided for : Valued at not more thau 30 cents per pound lbs... Valued at more than 30 and not more thau 40 cents per pound lbs 40 40 do 40 do 50 per cent 25 per ceut 30 per cent 35 per cent do 40 Valued at above 40 cents per pound lbs... Blankets : Valued at not more thau 30 cents per poiind lbs... Valued at more than 30 aud not more than 40 cents per pound 50 25 30 Valued at more than 40 and not more than 50 cents per pound lbs 35 Valued at more than 50 cents per pound lbs... Hats of wool : Valued at not more than 30 cents per pound lbs... Valued at more than 30 and not more than 40 cents per pound lbs 35 25 per cent 30 per cent 35 per cent do 25 30 Vahied at more than 40 and not more than £0 cents per pound Valued at more than 50 cents per pound lbs... 35 35 72 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of duties between McKinly act and nev: la^i:. — Continued. ScHEDTTLE K— WooLEN GooDs— Cont'd. Flannels for underwear : Vahaed at not more than 30 cents per pound lbs... Vahaed at more than 30 and not more than 40 cents per pound lbs Valued at more than 40 ' and not more than 50 cents per pound lbs Weighing over 4 ounces per square yard lbs... Dress goods, women's and children's, coat linings. Italian cloths, and goods of similar description : Of which the warp consists wholly of cotton or other vegetable materials, with the remainder of the fabric composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the camel, goat, alpaca, or other animals — Valued at not exceeding 15 cts per square yard sq. yds... Valued at above 15 cents per square yard sq. yds... Weighing over 4 ounces per square yard lbs... Composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair of the camel, goat, alpaca or other animals- Weighing over 4 ounces per square yard lbs... All other sq. yds... Other clothing, ready-made, and articles of wearing apparel (except knit goods), inade up or manufactured wholly or in part lbs... Felts, not woven lbs... Plushes and other pile fabrics lbs... Cloaks, dolmans, jackets, talmas, ul- sters, or other outside garments for ladies' and children's apparel, and goods of similar description, or used for like purposes lbs. Webbing, gorings, suspenders, braces, beltings, bindings, braids, galloons, fringes, gimps, cords, cords and tassels, dress trimmings, laces and embroideries, head nets, buttons • or barrel buttons, or buttons of other forms for tassels or orua- men's, wrought by hand, orVjraided by machinery, which are elastic or nonelastic lbs.., Bates of duty under- Average ad va- lorem under — 16}4 e. per lb. and 35 p. c. 22 c. per lb. and 35 p. c. 33 c. per lb. and 35 p. c. 383.^ c. per lb. and 40 p. c. 25 per cent. 30 per cent. 35 per cent. 50 par cent. 7 c. p. sq. yd. and 40 p. c. 8 c. p. sq. yd. and 50. p. c. 44 c. per lb. and 50 p. c. 44 c. per lb. and 50 per c. 12 c. p. sq. yd. and 50 per c. : do. : do. i do. 103.51 103.22 96.54 .93 50 50 50 percent. do 87.14 109.09 per lb and 60 p c. TARIFF SCHEDULES. 73 Comparison of roics of diifirs hctiirci} }feKinI('i/ Act ami nov lair. — Continued. Kates of d\ity under— Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. Schedule K.— Woolen Goods— Con- tinued. Carpets and carpeting— Anbnssou, Axminister. moquette. and chenille carpets, and car- pets woven whole for rooms. and Oriental. Berlin and other rer ct. Per ct. similar rugs sq. yds... 60 c.p. sq. yd. 40 percent 60.85 40 Saxouv, Wilton and Tournav vel- and 40 per c. vet carpets sq. yds... Brussels carpets sq. yds... do do 69 56 40 44 c. p. sq. vd. do 81.56 40 Velvet and tapestry velvet car- and 40 per c. pets, printed on the warp or otherwise sq. j'ds... Tapestrv Brussels, printed on the 40 c.p. sq. yd. and 40 p. "c. do 71.86 40 warp or otherwise sq. vds... 28 c. p. sq. yd. 42>^ percent... 77.97 42.50 Treble ingrain, three-ply and all and 40 p. c. chain Venetian carpets.. sq. yds... 19 c. p. sq. yd. 32X percent... 63.05 32.50 Wool. Dtitch and two-ply ingrain and 40 p. c. carpets sq. yds... 14 c. p. sq. vd. 30 per cent 64.74 30 Druggets and bookings, printed, and 40 p. c. colored or otherwise sq. yds... 22 c. p. sq. yd. and 40 p. c. do 82.57 30 Felt carpeting sq. vds... 11 c. p. sq. vd. do 62.57 30 Carpets of wool, or in partof.not and 40 p. c. • specially provided for..sq. yds... Carpets and carpetiugs of cotton- 50 per cent do 50 30 do do. . 50 30 Total, schedule K, wool, manu- 98.62 48.82 SCHEDXTLE L. — SiLK AND S ILK GoODS. Silk, manufactures of : Silk, not raw- Partially manufactured from cocoons or from waste silk. and not further advanced or manufactured than carded or combed silk.. lbs... 50 c. per lb 20 percent 60.50 20 Sewing silk and silk thread or varus of every descrip- tion lbs... 30 iiercent 30 percent 30 30 Spun silk, in skeins or cops do Thrown silk, not more ad- vanced thun singles, tram or organ zine, twist and floss lbs 30 per cent do 30 30 Velvets, plushes, or other pile fab- rics— C«) Containing, exclusive of sel- vedges, less 75 per cent in weight of silk lbs... .f 1.50 per lb. Jfl.50perlb) 1 1.00 per lb)" 72.63 55.71 Containing, exclusive of sel- and 15 p. c. vedges, 75 per cent or more in weight of silk lbs... $3.50 per lb. and 15 p. c. 81.50 per lb 56.21 17.66 Other SOiK'r cent 50 per cent 50 50 74 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of ra'es of duty between McKinley act and the new tac'.— Continued. Schedule L.— Silk and Sllk Goods- Continued. Silk, mamifactnres of— Conlinued. Webbings, gorings, suspenders, bz'aces. beltings, braids, bind- ings, galloons, fringes, cords and tassels, elastic or nonelas- tic Buttons Handkerchiefs Laces and embroideries, neck ruf- fliugs, and ruchings Wearing apparel- Knit goods — Composed in part of In- dia rubber ozs.. Other Eeady-made clothing and other- Composed in part of In- dia rubber ozs.. Rates of duty under- Average ad va- loriim under— McKinley law.' New law. 50 per cent 45 per cent; do..; do 60 per cent 50 per cent. .do.. 3 cts. per oz. and 60 p. ct. 50 per cent 8 cts. per oz. I and 60 p. ct. Other 60 per cent Dress and piece goods. 50 per cent Eibbous do All other, not speciallj- provided for..| do .do.. Total Schedule L, silk and silk goods Schedule M.-PULP, Books. Papeb, and Pulp of wood: Mechanically ground tons... Chemical , unbleached tons. . . Chemical, bleached tons... Paper sheathing Sheathing, patent Printing paper, suitable only for books and newspapers : Unsized lbs... Sized or glued lbs... Paper, albumenized or sensitized Papers known commercially as copy- ing paper, filtering paper, silver paper, and all tissue paper, white or colored, made up in coijying books, reams, or (in any other form lbs... $2.50 per ton. .f!6per ton 87 per ton 10 per cent 20 per cent 15 per cent. 20 per cent. 35 per cent. i cts. per lb. and 15 p. ct. do 45 per cent. do do 10 per cent ■ do do do do 15 per cent. do 30 per cent. McKin- New ley law. law. Per ct. Perct. 50 45 50 45 60 50 60 50 81.42 50 60 50 77.79 50 50 45 50 45* m 45 53.56 46.39 14.44 10 12.38 10 10.76 10 10 10 20 10 15 15 20 15 35 30 62.14 35 TARIFF SCHEDULES. *75 Ccnnparison of mtc.^ of c/m^/i'.v between McKlnley act and ncii: law — Continued. Rates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under — McKlnley law. New* law. McKln- ley law. New- law. Schedule M.— Pulp, Papee and Books — Contiuiied. Papers known commercially as sur- face-coated papers, and luannfac. lures thereof, cardboards, litho- prapliic prints from either stone or zinc, bound or unbound (except il- lustrations when forming a part of a periodical, newspaper, or in printed books accompanyingr the same), and all articles produced either in whole or in*^iart by litho- graphic process, and [jhotograph, autofrraph, and scrap albums whol- ly or partially manufactured {h) Envelopes (o) M... Hangings, and paper for screens or 35 per cent 25cts. per M... 25 per cent do 30 per cent 20 per cent 20 per cent 25 per cent do Per cl. 35 20.98 25 25 25 25 286.70 25 25 Per d. 30 20 20 Book pamphlets, bound or unbound^ maps, charts, and all printed mat- 25 Engraviugs, bound or uubound, 25 do 20 per cent 10 c. per pk. and 50 p. c. 20 per cent do 20 Cards, playing packs... Writing, drawing, and all other pa- per, not specially provided for Other mauufaciures of paper, or of which paper is the component of chief value 50 c.per pk 25 per cent do 107:24 20 20 Total Schedule M, pulp, paper, etc - 23.85 10.67 40 40 10 25 143.61 50 60 65.03 20 53 Schedule N. — Sundries. Bristles lbs... 10 c. per lb 40 per cent do 1)4 c. per lb... 20 per cent 35 per cent 10 per cent 25 per cent 1 c. per line and 15 p. c. 35 per cent 8.10 20 Brvishes of all kinds, including feather dusters and hair pencils in quills 35 Buttons and button forms : Button forms: Lastings, mohair cloth, silk, or other manufact- ures of cloth, woven or made in patterns of such size, shape, or form, or cut in such man- ner as to be fit for bu tons ex- clusively 10 per cent 25 per cent 2}i c. per line and 25 p. c. 50 per cent 60 per cent 1 c. per gross.. 10 A "ate buttons 25 Pearl and shell buttons line... Ivory, vegetable ivory, bone or 84.50 35 35 Shoe buttons, made of paper board, papier mache, pulp, or similar ma erial, not specially provided for, valued at not ex- ceeding Scentspergross.gross... 25 per cent 25 76 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of diiJics between McKinley act and new law — Continued. Schedule N. — Sundries — Continued. Coal and coke : Bitnminous coal' and shale. .tons... Slack, or ciilm of coal, such as will pass through a half-inch screen tons... Coke ,, tons... Corks lbs... Cork bark, cut into squares or cubes, lbs Dice, drauf^hts, chessmeu, chessballs, and billiard, pool, and bagatelle balls, of ivory, bone, or other ma- terial Dolls, doll heads, toy marbles of whatever material composed, and all other toys not composed of rubber, china, porcelain, parian, bisque, earthen or stone ware, and not specially provided for Emery : Gra ns, and ground, pulver- ized, or reiined lbs.., Gunpowder, and all explosive sub- stances : Firecrackers of all kinds lbs.., Fulmiuates, fulminating pow- ders, and all like articles, not especially provided for Gunpowder, and all explosive substances, used for mining, blasting, artillery, or sporting purposes- Valued at 20 cents or less per Xiound lbs.. Valued at above 20 cents uer pound lbs.. Matches, friction or lucifer, of all descriptions: In boxes containing not more than' 100 matches per box, gross Otherwis thau in boxes contain- ing not more than 100 laatches each M... Musical instruments : Metal, chief value ... "Wood, chief vahie ... Percussion caps .. Kates of duty under- McKinlev law. Feathers, dressed, colored, or manu- factured, including dressed and finished bird's suitable for millin- erv (irnaiiieuts : Ostrich I'eatlier.s All other 75 c. per ton.. New law. 40 c. per ton. 15 c. per ton. 15 per cent. 10 c. per lb 10 c. per lb i 25 per cent. 30 c. per ton... 20 per cent [ 15 per cent. 15 c. per lb I 10 c. per lb.. 50 per cent ; 50 per cent. 35 per cent 25 per cent 1 c. per lb ' 8-10 c. per lb. 8 c. per lb 50 per cent. 30 per cent 30 per cent. i 5 c. per lb....*.; 5 c. per lb. 8 c. per lb ; 8 c. per lb. 10 c. per gr< 20 per cent. 1 c. per thou- ; do sand. ■ 45 per cent 25 per cent.... 35 per cent do ( 30 per cent. 40 per cent -^•^2.07 per M (caps). .50 per cent 35 per cent. do do McKin- ley law. New law. Per ct. 22.72 Per ct. 12.12 28.68 20 30.55 14.34 15 20.37 9.60 25 50 50 35 25 25.19 20. IE 147.32 50 30 -30 25.80 25. 8C 8.68 ,8.68 V 33.93 20 21.19 20 45 35 25 25 i" 1 30 50 50 35 35 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 77 .-1 comparison of rates ofdufies between McKinlen art and new law. — Cuntiiiued. Rates of duty under— 1 Average ad va- lorem under — McKinley law. New law. tfcKin-l ey law. New. law. Schedule N.—Sundkies— Continued. Feathers and flowers, artificial and ornamental, or parts thereof, of whatever material composed, not 50 per cent 20 per cent ao 30 per cent ,20 per cent do j Per ct. 1 50 20 20 Per ct. 35 Furs dressed on the skin, but not made np into articles Furs, not on the skin, prepared for 20 20 Fans, of all kinds, except palm-leaf According to material of chief value. 10 per cent 35 per cent 2^ per cent 8 c. per sq. yd. 30c.persq.yd. 15 per cent 55 per cent 50 percent 10 per cent do 40 Beads of glass, loose, unthreaded or 10 per cent .do 10 35 20 27.99 23.22 15 55 50 10 10 25 10 Free... i 1« ! 30 10 Gun wads of all descriptions 10 Human hair, clean or drawn, but not 20 per cent 6 c.persq. yd. 20 c.per sqjyd. 10 per cent 40 per cent 35 percent 10 per cent 25 per cent 30 percent 1 10 per cent 10 per cent 10 per cent 20 percent 20 Haircloth, known as crinoline cloth. 20.99 Haircloth, known as hair seating, sq vds 15 48 Hair, curled, suitable for beds or mattresses 10 Hats, for men's, women's, and child- ren's wear, composed of the fur of the rabbit, beaver, or other ani- mals, or of which such fur is the component material of chief value, wholly or partially manufactured, 40 .Jewelry and precious stones, not elsewhere specified : Jewelry : All articles not spec- iallyprovided for. composed of precious metals or imitations thereof, whether set with coral, jet, or pearls, or with dia- monds, rubies, cameos, or other precious stones or imita- tions thereof, or otherwise, and which siiall be known commer- cially as "jewelry," and cameos in frames '. 35 10 Precious stones, and imitations of— 25 Set, and not. specially pro- ! 25 per cent t 10 per cent Free 30 Imitations of, not set, com- posed of paste or glass, not exceeding 1 inch in dimen- sions . 10 Diamonds and other iprecious stones rouo'h or uncut . ... 10 Leather, and manufactures of : Bend or belting, and sole Calf skins, japanned 1 10 per cent 1 30 per cent 10 20 78 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of duties between McKinley act and new law. — Continued. Schedule N.—Sxjndkies— Continued. Calf skins, tanned, or tanned and dressed Piano-forte and piano-forte ac- tion leather Skins for morocco — Finished Tanned, but unfinished Skius, chamois or other, not spec- ially provided for; bookbind- er'scalf skins, kangaroo, sheep, and goat skins, including lamb and kid skins, dressed and fin- ished Upper leather, dressed, includ- ing patent, enameled, and ja- panned leather, dressed or un- dressed, and finished All leather not specially provided for Boots and shoes Gloves, composed wholly or in part of kid or other leather, and whether wholly or partly manufactured— Ladies' and children's — Fourteen inches and under in extreme length— Schmaschen — Plain doz.. Pique or prick seam, and embroidered with more than 3 single strands or cords doz.. Lined doz.., Lamb- Plain doz... Pique or prick seam, and embroidered with more than three single strands or cords doz... Rates of diity under - Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New law. f^^^ll\ ^^^ Lined doz.. Kid- Plain doz.. Pique or prick seam, and embroidered with more than 3 single strands or cords doz.. Lined . .doz. 20 per cent.. 35 per cent. 20 per cent. 10 per cent. 20 per cent. •do,, 10 per cent. 25 percent. $1.75 per doz .. $2.25 per doz ., $2.75 per doz. $2.25 per doz. f 2. 75 per doz. $3.25 per doz . .do. 20 per cent. do 20 per cent. 10 per cent. 20 per cent. 10 per cent.. 20 per cent. $3.75 per doz.. $4.25 per doz .. Ladies' or chil dreu's"glace" finish— Schma schen — Not over 14 in, •flp. doz.prs— Over 14 in. and not over 17 $1.50. p. doz prs. Over 17 in.. $2 p. doz. prs. Men's $3 p. doz prs. ' ' glace finish, lamb or sheep ; Not over 14 in $1.75 per doz prs. ; Over 14 and not over 17, $2.75 p. doz. prs Overl7in.$3.75 per doz. prs. Men's $4 per doz, "glace" finish, goat kid or other; Not over 14 in. $2.25 p. doz. prs. ; Per ct. 20 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 79 Comparison of rates of duties beeivecn McKi)tley act and nea- Jaw — Continued. Schedule N.—SuNDEiES— Continued. Gloves composed wholly or in part of kid or other leather, etc. — Cont'd. Snedesand other, whether more or less than 14 inches in ex- treme length — Plain doz... Pique or prick seam, and em- broidered with more than 3 single strands or cords..doz.. Lined doz.. Ladies' and children's, on which the above rates of duty do not equal a duty of 50 per cent..doz. Men's gloves — * Fourteen inches and under in extreme length, plain doz.. Over 14 inches in extreme length- Plain doz.. Pique or prick seam, and em- broidered with more than 3 single strands or cords doz Lined doz. Do doz. Do doz. Kates of duty under- McKinley law. New law. Miscellaneous manufactures : Alabaster and spar, manufac- tures of Amber, mauufactvires of Asbestos, manufactures of Bladders, manufactures of 50 per cent. 50c. per doz. and 50 p. ct. $1 per doz. and 50 p. ct. 50 per cent. 50 per cent. $1 'per doz. and 50 p. c. $1.50 per doz. and 50 p. c. $2 per dozen and 50 perc. $2.50 per doz. and 50 per c. •f 3 per dozen and 50 per c. 25 per cent. do do do Average ad va- lorem under — McKin- New ley law. law. Over 14 and not over 17, f 3 p. doz. prs.; Over 17 in. $4 p. doz. prs.; Men's f4 p. doz. prs. La- dies' or child- ren's of sheep origin. Not over 17 in., $1.75 p. doz. Overl7in..f2.75 p. doz. prs.: Men's t4p. doz prs. Ladies', etc., kid, goat etc.— Not over 14 in., $2.25 p. doz prs. Over 14aud not over 17, f 3per doz. prs. Over 17 In., $4 p. doz. prs. Men's $4 per doz. prs. ^ All leather gloves, when lined, f 1 per dozen addi- tional. Note: Owing to change in classification of sizes, no comparis o n can be given, (Estimated rate by pro- posed bill=40 p. c. on all.) Per ct. 50 57.82 45 per cent.. 25 per cent- do do 70.29 75.1 80 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Comparison of rates of duties between McKinley act and new km — Continued. Kates of duty under— Average ad va- lorem under — McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. Schedule N.—Sundkies— Continued. Miscellaneous manufactures— Cont'd . Per ct. Per ct. 2o per cent 25 per cf'i'^' 25 25 Catgut or wbipgut or -wormgut, manufactures of Jet, manufactures of 25 25 do do.. 25 25 do do 95 25 do do.. 25 95 do do.. 25 Osier or willow, prepared for 30 per cent 40 per cent 20 per 25 per 30 20 25 Osier or willow, manufactures of.. cent 40 Bone and horn, manufactures of.. 30 per cent.:... do.. 30 25 Chip, mamifactures of (baskets).. Grass, manufactures of do do. 30 25 do do. 30 25 India rubber, manufactures of do ...... do. 30 25 Palm leaf, manufactui-es of do ../.do. 30 25 Str'iw manufacture of do do. 30 25 Do for julips Whalebone, uianufactures of do do. 30 25 do do. 30 25 Leather, manufactures of. 35 per cent 30 per cent 35 30 Fur manufactures of do do.. 35 30 India rubber, vulcanized, known as hard rubber do do. 35 30 Gutta percha do do. 35 30 do do. 35 35 30 Papier mache, manufactures of.... Ivory and vegetable ivory, maniT- .....do do. 30 factures of... 40 per cent 35 per cent 40 35 Shell and mother-of-pearl, manu- ..do do. cent 40 35 35 Masks. composed of paper or pulp 35 l^er cent 25 per 25 Matting and mats made of cocoa - - - fibre or rattan : Matting sq. vds... 12 c. persq. yd. 20 per cent 71.87 20 Mats ? sq. yds... 8 c. per sq. ft.. do. 41.46 20 Pencils : Wood filled with lead or other material aud| pencils of lead gross .T 50 c. per gross 50 per cent 53.67 50 and 30 per c. Slate pencils (a)... gross... Pencil leads, not in wood 4 c. per gross.. 30 per cent 47.57 30 10 per cent 10 per cent 10 10 Pipes and smokers' articles : Common pipes of clay gross... 15 c. per gross. do. 50.11 10 Pipes, pipe bowls of all materials, and all smokers' articles, what- soever, not specially provided for, including cigarette bookb, cigarette book-covers, pouches for smoking or chewing to- bacco, and cigarette paper in all forms 70 per cent 50 per cent 70 50 Umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades, . and sticks for: Umbrellas, parasols, and sun- shades- Covered with silk or alpaca 55 per cent 45 per cent 55 45 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 81 Compai'l.son of rates of duty between McKinleij act and the new law. — Continued. Rates of dutj-^ under— Average ad va- lorem under— McKinley law. New law. McKin- ley law. New law. Schedule N.— Sundries— Contimied. Umbrellas, parasols, and sunshades, and sticks for— Continued. Umbrellas, parasols and sun- shades—Continued. Covered with other ma 45 per cent 50 per cent 45 per cent 30 per cent do Perct. 45 50 35 10 Perct. 45 Sticks for umbrellas, para sols, and sunshades — Carved 30 Plain 30 Waste, all not specially provided for.. 10 per cent 10 per cent 10 26.80 24.45 10 per cent 20 per cent 10 per cent 20 per cent Free Section 4 (:actof Oct. 1, 1890) : 10 20 20 50 10 20 Free 50 per cent 50 per cent 50 Total sec 4 18.98 18 73 Total schedules 49.58 38.68 82 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. •av«i in a -sajd laAO mq a>Baas ^q uoij -onpajjo'joaad ^ 1 a li F s . 1-° § ?§ 3 J lis s 2 IP |s| 1^ ^3 a «!5.096,316.00 8.060,370 31 15,606,146.03 488,098.36 16,832.14 11,528,783 11 7.983,441.78 8,421,347.54 7,886,585.28 12,724.279.49 14,714 879.23 17,113,647.62 1,658,398.97 13,100,3,52.45 258,951.01 1 S i is =11 li .^1 SI mmmmmmi i mmmmm i co" s 1 1 1 Chemicals, oils, and paints Kartlis, c.irthenware, and glassware Metals, and manufactures of W(M)d, and manufactures of Sugar Tobacco and miinuf-ctures Agricultural products and provisions Spirits, wines, and other beverages 1 'r»ttnii miiniifiii-tllrpa Flax. hemp, and jute, and uiauufactiiresof.... Wool, and manufactures ol. Silk and silk goods Pulp, papers, and books Sundries >• i II |l Is Mi •< ^es^^safc-oa,- ^^►^iSZj xr. O. ^1 li I i TARIFF SCHEDULES. 83 — 2 * o 15 BA jao QQQ ca Oh CO ^HOiiC CO X t-t 15 -5 S-Sa as. a«. 0,0.0 o t> » o u .- < 0.0 r) ;c o OS » in 88 S ^S J2. 2^.8 888 888 8 ?5§ 3i;S S ^8 535 S 8888 8 S8 «3 00 f-1 ^ ^^ s5t~om CO «S3 "s^^i -' ii iD O. I.' ■ i * si"" ^B II SB -Sai « ci £5 ^ 2^5 is 2 84 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK, If 1^ I aaa s a s a a S 5 JC^CO 00 t^ « r-l ClCD » QO CO i-iQC i-H « Ol c5 [>J OiiO CO o c- ?§ § rHr~tO S § ^ 8 at, «tO CC-J3 31 To lO too CO ^ t^ CO 05 OOC^IO O •* t~ 1> lO oi '-'.'-;*, co__ as i> Oi c^ uo oT c^r CO S§S § 2 '- « gs? iH O oi rJ OJ s s s 2 S S S 5^S Ss,S\ 5c C 0=5 M o ^ •" o a >- " o5 a cS a v< c« n"" 2^- ^ ■• P S y i=3 o-S Qj s c "^ -S a a 5 a) t*^ o ^1 si-Si. ' ^ ^ 2 K-ii'a- ; = is TARIFF SCHEDULES. 85 ooooooo oceoo oo S 5 §22 S 3 I -I ■*o I — jSitS^§^ 2*2°^^ 2;g§ |§ ecc» cc S CM t, >-< u at- aai Ui SS2 S§; u *^ zj i~ '^ '^ ^ oa> ; — o :'; 10 i t^oc5 ; CO O r-; r-1 CO > yj O «g to — 1 SS§ g82 ss s; ;2^ lO lO c-1 o cc O to lO O ^J ■&'^ 1C<1I> -^.H 0° BSsrgg gs ^s^ll gl "^I'^l sg 11 § § g^ J "So* S3 p S3 ?.^g3 ;i? 2.S s - c g' p. I * g g o : lllilllais-s|' III III ?, = O 3 £ I PS != ^S I'" o S. § Mil 5 2 ? aiT3 c f o' — . —" - o ^ „- 1 - . .O M O^^ « 1.-1;- -ajOOfJiOOgv-. ^a-=5- : OC O c3 E sj ==^ cjC £i^ 5 **^^=^f^us -■= c -=-x^ o o5 -- = •§3^2 :r; C ■ gi Free. Do. Do. n t^% Z |i S . i Oh 11 u % 1" e S 1 £ ■ 2^ 1 1 a II ^^ s i • 1 1^ ^ r 1 > »3,305,105 00 398.614 00 685,288 00 |s 1 i 1 S 19,757,574 1,825,624 6,494,611 N 1 i Ii iisi 1 1 1 1 2 1 03 gl II |l TARIFF SCHEDULES. 89 STATEMENT BY GROUPS Reduction of Duty from McKinley Law Made by New Law. ONE HUNDRED PER CENT. Para- graph present law. 31 49 126 Articles. Per cent reduc- tion. ScHEDiTLE A. — Chemicals, Oils, and Paints. Acid, sulphuric, or oil of vitrei, not otherwise specially pro- vided for 100 Copper, sulphate of, or blue vitriol 100 Coal tar, all preparations of, not colors or dyes, not specially < provided for 100 Oils, mineral : Naphtha, benzine, benzole, dead oil, and similar products , of coal tar 100 Another ' 100 Iron, sulphate of, copperas 100 Indigo: Carmined , 100 Extracts or paste of | 100 Iodine, resublimed 100 Oils : Cotton seed 100 Croton 100 Paints, colors, etc.: Baryta, sulphate of, barytes, including barytes earth, un- manufactured.....'. .". j 100 Ocher and ochery e rths, dry j 100 Sienna and sienna earths, dry 100 Umber and umber earths, dry 1 100 Potash, caustic or hydrate of, refined in sticks or rolls j 100 Soda, sulphate of : " • Glauber salts 100 Salt cake, or nitercake I 100 ScHKDULf? B. — Earth, Eakthewvaui-:, a.vu (Glassware. Stone : Burr stone manufactured or bound up into millstones *A11 articles in group of 10 J par cent are mala free of duty. 100 90 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Statement by groups of the reductions of duty by present Jaw, etc. — Continued. ONE HUNDRED PER CENT.— Continued. Para- graph present law. 132 140 187 191 j to -j 195 195 216 217 217 218 219 221 222 223 224 225 Articles. linner than No. 20. Schedule C. — Metals, and Manufactures of. Iron ores : Chromate of iron, or chromic ore Cotton ties of iron or steel : Not thinner than No. 10 wire gague Thinner than No. 10 and not tliinn Antimony, as r gulus or metal. Copper, and manufactures of : Ores (fine copper contained therein) Regulus of, and black or coarse copper, and copper cement, fine copper contained therein 01 1, fit only for lemanufacture, and clippings from new copper, Composition metal, of which copper is a component ma- terial of chief value not specially provided for Plates, not rolled, bars, ingots, Cliile or other pigs, and in other form, not manufactured, not specially provided for... Schedule D. — Wo 'D, and Manufactures of. Timber: Used for spars and in building wharves Hewn and sawed Squared or sided, not .specially provided for Lumber: Boards, planks, deals, and other sawed lumber — Of hemlock, white wood, sycamore, white pine and basswood — Not planed or finished Planed or finished on one side , Planed or finished on two side.s Planed on one side :ind tongued and grooved Planed on two sides and tungued and grooved All sawed lumber, not -pecialiy providt-d for — Not planed or finished .' Planed or finished on one side Planed or finished on tv\'o sides Planed on one side and tongued and grooved Planed on two sides and tongued and grooved Paving posts, railroad ties, and telephone and telegraph poles of cedar Unn anufactured, not specially provided for •. Veneers of wood Clapboard.-: — Pine Spruce Hubs for wheels, posts, last, wagon, oar, gun, and head- ing blocks, and all like blocks or sticks, rough hewn or sawed only Laths Pickets and palings Per cent reduc- tion. TARIFF SCHEDULES. Slaternn>t h;/ gwaps of the rediicHons of duly by pre>^cnt law, dr. —Continued. ONE HUNDRED PER CENT.— Continued. 91 Para- graph ) resent 226 227 268 272 273 274 276 282 281 294 293 293 316 322 340 Articl s. Shingles- White pine... All other Staves of all kinds Perce^it rtduc- tion. Schedule G.— Agricultural Products, Milk, fresh Broom corn — Cabbage Cider • Eggs, yolk of Plants, trees, shrubs, and vines Peas , green, in bulk or packages Fish, fresh: He ring Salmon AU other Tallow Gr ase of wool, known as degras Salt: In bags, sacks, barrels, or other packages. In bulk 356 357 359 359 360 362 364 Schedule H.— Spirits Wines, etc. Lemonade, soda water, and other similar water.s: In plain, green, or colored, molded, or pressed glass bottles- Containing each not more than three-fourths of a pint. . . Containing more than three-lourths of a pint each and not more than one and one-half pints • • • • • Otherwise than in such bottles, or in such bottles cont.iin- ing more than one and one-half pints each -Flax, Hemp, Jute, etc Schedule J. Flax: Straw Not hackled or dressed Tow of Hemp, tow of Hemp ,••.•■•; " Twine, manufactured in whole or in i)art oi istlc or lampico fibre, manila, sisal grass, or sunn: Burlaps, of flax, jiite, or hemp, or of which fl:ix, jute or hemp or either of them, shall be the component material of chief value (except such as may be suitable for bagging for cotton)— Not exceeding 60 inches in width Exceeding 60 inches in width 100 100 100 92^ DEMOCRATIC CAxMPAIGN BOOK. Statement by groups of the reductions of duty by present lav, etc. — Continued. ONE HUNDRED PER CENT.— Continued. Para- graph Per cent Articles. reduc- present tion. law. Schedule J. — Flax, Hemp, Jute, etc. — Continued. 365 Bags for grain made of burlaps 100 366 Bagging for cotton, gunny clotli, and all similar material for cov- ering cotton, composed in whole or in part of hemp, flax, jute. or jute butts — Valued at 6 cents or less per square yard 100 Valued at more than 6 cents per square yard 10® SCHEDIE K. — AVOOL. Wools, hair of the camel, goat, alapaca, and other like animals, and manufactures ot : Unmanufactured — 384 Class 1 : Merino, mestiza, metz, or metis wools, or other wools of merino blood, immediate or remote, Down clothing wools, and wools o! like character with any of the preceding, including such as have been hereto- fore usually imported into the United States from Buenos Ayres, New Zealand, Australia, Cape of Good Hope, Russia, Great Britain, Canada and elsewhere, and also including all wools not hereinafter described, or designated in classes 2 and 3 — Unwashed wool 100 AVashed wool 100 Scoured wool 100 Class 2 : Leicester, Cotswold,iincolnshire, Down comb- ing wools, Canada long wools, or other like combing wools of English blood, and usually known by the terms herein used, and also all hair of the camel. goat, alapaca and other like animals- Wool, unscoured '. 100 Wool, scoured 100 AVool, sorted 10© Hair of the goat, alapaca and other like animals, unscoured 100 Hair of the goat, ala aca, and other like animals, scoured 100 Class 3 : Donskoi, native South American, Cordova, Valparaiso, native Smyma, Russian camel's hair, and including all such wools of like character as Irnve been heretofore usually imported into the United States from Turkey, Greece, Egypt, Syria, and els- where — 385 Value 13 cents or less per pound — Wool „....!. ; 100 Wool, sorted .' 100 Camel's hair, Russian 100 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 93 Staiemrnfs bij groupn of the reduction of duty by present law, etc. — Continued. ONE HUNDRED PER CENT— Continued. Para graph present law. 386 388 389 388 443 465 469 Articles. Schedule K. — Wool — Continued. Value over 13 cents per pound — Wool Wool, sorted Camel's hair, Ku-sian , Manufactures, composed wholly or in part of wool, worsted, the hair o. the camel, goat, alapaca, or other animals — Rags, mungo, flocks, noils and waste — Top, slubbing, roving, ring, yarn, garnetted and other wastes , Rags, mungo and flocks Noils Schedule N. — Sundries. Feathers and downs, crude, not dressed : Ostrich feath rs , All other Paintings, in oil or water colors Sta,tuary Hatters, plu h, b ack, composed of silk, orof silk and cotton.... Articles under section 3, act of O.t. 1, 1890 : Coffee Goatskins, raw , Hides, raw or uncured, whether dry, salted or pickled, and other skins, except shee )skins with the wool on Uneniimerated under section 4, act of Oct. 1, 1890 : Enfleurage, pomades Per cent reduc- tion. TOO 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100* 100 100 100 FROM SEVENTY-FIVE TO ONE HUNDRED PER CENT. 136 175 247 391 Bar iron, all other, and slabs, blooms or loops Spikes of wrought iron or steel Mules » Yarns, woolens, etc., valued at not more than 30 cents per p )und 392 Cloths, woolens, etc., valued at not more than 30 cents per pound Shawls, woolen, etc, valued at more than 30 cents and not more than 40 cent|i per pound Common pipes of clay 392 468 76.31 7(5.67 78.55 89.23 75.47 76.71 80.04 FROM FIFTY TO SEVENTY-FIVE PER CENT. 14 Borax, refined 60 26 Sumac, extract of 56 ')7 37 Oil, castor 56 ••'8 47 Opium : Aqueous, extract of 50 48 Prepared for .smoking r>0 94 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Statement by groups of the reducli&ns of duty by present lau; etc. — Continued. FROM FIFFY TO SEVENTY-FIVE PER CENT— Continued. Para- graph present lav. C. 81 9.5 101 125 148 152 152 •164 16.5 167 168 17 J 170 181 185 190 198 Articles. Paints and colors : Baryta, sulphat*' t Whiting and Paris white, drj- AVhiting, ground in oil (putty) Lead : Acetate of — White Litharge Nitrate of Orange mineral White Potash : Hydriodate, Iodide and iodate of . Nitrateof Santonine Soap, all other Soda: Bicarbonate of Hydrate of Sal Sponges Cement, other Clocks, China, chief value Clocks, mirble chief value Wire rope a d wire strand, made of steel wire galvanized, not smaller than No. 5 wire gauge, cold rolled, etc Sheets and plates and saw plates of steel not spe ially provided for, cold r lied, better than the grade her.'inbefore provided for : Valued above 4 cents and not above 7 cents per pound .... Valued above 7 cents and not above 10 cents per pound...., Steel circular .saw plates valued above — 4 cents and not above 7 ce ts p r pound 7 ce ts and not above 10 cents per pou!id Chains, not less than f of 1 inch in diameter Penknives valued at not more than oO cents per dozen All carving or cooking kni ^es, valued at not more than $4 per dozen pieces Files, 14 inches in length and over Pistols, revolvi g : Valued at not more than $1. .50 each , Valued at more than $1.50 each Shotguns, double-barreled, valued at — Not more than $6 each More than $6 and not more than $12 each Railway fish plates, etc Wheels, or parts thereof, etc Bronze or Dutch metal, etc aluminum leaves in packages of 100 Icavt-s Silver leaf Per cent reduc- tion. 55.36 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 60 50 50 .50 50 .50 50 .5S.33 50 58.40 60.09 5.S. 1 1 56.68 50 61.50 68.64 52.99 50 53.15 56.16 .5.5.88 62.t)4 6.5.36 .50 60.88 .55.02 61.43 TARIFF SCHEDULES. FROM FIFTY TO SEVENTY-FIVE PER CENT— Continued. Statement by groups of the reductions of duty by present law, etc. — Continued. 95 Articles Le;\d: Contained in silver ore Contained in otheiore Pigs and bars, etc ; Sheets, pipes, shot, etc Type metal Zinc: In sheets Sugar candy and confectionery valued at 12c. or less per pound. Cattle : One year old or less More than 1 year old Barley Beans Hay Onions Seeds: Castor beans or seeds Garden seeds, etc., n. s. p Vegetables, other, in their natural state. Straw. Teazles Peanut!^, unshelled. Apples, dried, etc... Lard Sage Cloth, cotton : Bleached, not exceeding 50 threads to the square inch, valued at 9 cents or less per square yard Dyed, etc., valued at 12 cents or less per square yard Other articles of wearing apparel, etc. , of which India rubber is a compo-ent material Hemp, hackled Cables, cordage and twine, of hemp, untarred tarred..* ; Gill netting, made of thread or twine not higher than 20 Shoddy Yarns, woolens, etc., valued at more than : Thirty cents and not more than 40 cents per pound Forty cents per pound , Cloths, woolen, etc. , valued at : More tJian .30 cents and not more than 40 cents pound Above 40 cents per pound Shawls, woolen, etc., valued at above 40 cents per pound Kni t fabrics, etc., valued at : More than 80 cents and not more than 40 cents per pound.. Above 40 cents per pound, jl.. All knit wearing apparel All other manufactures : N. S. P., valued at not more than 30 cents per pound. 96 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGX BOOK. Statements by groups of tlie reductions of duty by present law, etc. — Continued. FROM FIFTY TO SEVENTY-FIVE PER CENT— Continued. Para- graph of present law. 393 S93 394 396 401 405 406 409 411 416 424 427 431 43S 432 446 464 Articles. All other manufactures — Continued. Valued at more than 30 cents and not more than 40 cents per pound. .. Blankets, valued at : Nut ijiore than 30 '^ents per pounl. ]More than 30 cents and not more than 40 cents per pound. ... More than 40 cents and not more than 50 cents per pound More than 50 cents per pound , Hats, of wool, valued at : Not more than 30 cents per pound More than 30 cents and not more than 40 cents per pound. ... More than 40 cents and not more than 50 cents per pound.... More than 50 cents per pound Flannels for underwear, valued at : Not more than 30 cents per pound More than 30 cents and not more thnn 40 cents per pound More than 40 cents and not more than 50 cents per pound... Dress goods, of which the warp consists wholl)' of cotton, etc., valued at : Weighing over 4 ounces per square yard All other. Felts not woven Plushes and other pile fabrics Carpets, etc. : Brussels Wool, Dutch, etc Drugge s and bockings, etc Felt, carpeting Silk, not raw, partly manufactured, etc Vel ets, Plushes, and other pile fabrics containing, exclusive of selvedges, 75 percent or more in weight of silk Sh athing pa] er, patent Cards, playing Brooms....'. , Sho3 button.-, etc Firecrackers S ack or clum of coal Gun wads Mattings and mats made of cocoa liber or rattan : Matting Mats Per cent reduc- tion. FROM TWENTY-FIVE TO FIFTY PI',R CENT. A. Boracic acid... Chromic acid. Tartaric acid TARIFF SCHEDULF^. 97 Stati'iiienl hy (jroups of the redactions of duty by present law etc. — Continued. FROM TWENTY-FIVE TO FIFTY PER CENT. —Continued. Para- graph of present law. 100 101 Articles. AImn, alumina, etc Ammonia, muriate of Borax, crude or borate of soda, or borate of lime. i Chalk, prepared j Coal -tar, colors or dyes Glycerine : "Crude not purified Refined Iodoform Magnesia : Carbonate of Sulphate Oils: Cod-liver Fi ax seed or linseed Poppy-seed Peppermint Whale Blanc fixe Chrome yellow or chrome green, dry or ground in oil . Ultramarine Spirit varnishes : All other, including gold size or Japan Vermilion, red, containing quicksilver Zinc, oxide of, ground in oil Lead, red Phosphorus Potash — chromate and bichromate of Calomel, etc Sola: Bichromate and chromate of Silicate of Strychnia Sulphur : Sublimed Refined Sumac, ground Tartar — tartars and less crystals Tartrate of soda and potassa or Rochelle salts Brick, fire — glazed, enameled, etc Brick, other than fire — ornamented, glazed, etc Plaster of Paris : Calcined Clays or earths : Un wrought China clay AVrought ... Earthenware and china : Painted, tinted, etc Plain white Lava tips 98 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Statement by groups of the reductions of duty by present law, etc. — Continued. FROM TWENTY-FIVE TO FIFTY PER CENT.— Continued. Articles. Per C' nt reduc- ti' >n. Bottles and vi.ls, flint and ime : empty-r-holding not mor • thbu 1 pint and not less than \ pint more than 1 pint filled— holding not more tlian 1 pint and not less than I pint more than 1 pint green and colored — empty— holdi g not more than 1 pint and not less tlian l pint more than 1 pint filled — holding not more than 1 pint and not less than | pint mo;e than 1 pint Demijuhns and carboys, emptj', holding more than 1 pint Flint and lime, pressed glassware, not cut, etc Articles of glass, cut, engraved, etc Thin-blown glass All other manufactures of glass Glass buttons Heavy-blown glass Porcelain or opd glassware Cylinder, crownand common window-glass : Not exceeding 10 by 15 inclies square Above 10 by 15 inches, and not exceeding 16 by 24 ir.ches.. Above 10 by 24 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 30 indies.. Above 24 by 30 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 36 inches.. All above 24 by .36 inches Cylinder and crown glass, polished, unsilvered : Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square Above 16 by 24 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 30 inches.. Above 24 by 30 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches.. Plate-glass : Fluted, rolled or rough — Above 10 by 15 inches, and not exceeding 16 by 24 inches.. Above 16 by 24 inches, and not exceeding 24 by 30 i idle All above 24 by 30 inches Fluted, rolled or rough, ground smooth or otherwise ob- scured, all above 24 by 60 inches Polished, finished, etc., all above 24 by 60 inches Cast, polished and silvered : Above 24 by 30 inc'ies an I not exceeding 24 by 60 in... All above 24 by 60 inches Cylinder and crown glass, polished, silvered and looking-glass plates : Above 24 by 30 inches and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches.. All -..bove 24 bv 60 inches 1 TARIFF SCHEDULBB. 99 SiaU-ment by groups of the reductions of duty by present law, etc. — Continued. FROM TWENTY-FIVE TO FIFTY PER CENT— Continued. 118 118 118 119 120 121 127 128 129 130 C. 133 134 135 13; nr nfirt^ thprpnf pto, . ... 25 155 Anvils 30 156 TTnmniPTd nnrl slpdcp'? pto 33 33 158 33.31 160 33.32 161 33.33 16'^ 48.57 163 Hollow ware 33.34 164 Chains: Less than 1 of 1 inch and not less than f of 1 inch in di- 36.55 Less than « of 1 inch in diameter 42.13 Other 33. .33 165 Penknives valued at not more than 50 cents per dozen 31 36 Valued at more than 50 cents, and not exceeding $1.50 35.59 $1.50 and not exceeding $3 per dozen $3 per dozen 38.22 42.5 102 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Statement hy group,^ of the reditrtions of duty by present lav, etc. — Continued. FROM TWENTY-FIVE TO FIFTY PER CENT— Continued. Articles. Per cent reduc- tion. Razors: Valued at less than $4 per dozen Valu d at $4 or more per dozen Table knives, etc., valued at: Not more than |lper dozen pieces More than |1 and not more than $2 per dozen All carving and cook knives, etc., value ai, more than $4 and not more than $8 per dozen pieces Shotguns: Double-barreled, valued at more than $12 each Single-barreled She its and plates, etc. , enameled or glazed with vitreous glasses, with more thai one color or ornamented Nails, wire: Shorter than 1 inch and lighter than No. 16 wire gauge From 1 to 2 inches in length and lighter than No. 12, and not lighter than No. 16 wire gang',- Needles for knitting or sewing machines Saws: Cross-cut Hand back Screws: Over h inch and not over 1 inch in length Over i inch and nv)t more thin 2 inches in length More than 2 inches in length Ingots, cogged ingots, blooms, or blanks for railway wheels, etc..| Aluminum in crude form i Arg ntine, albata, etc | Plates, rolled, called brazier's copper, etc i Sheathing or yellow metal, etc | Gold leaf Mica tc Nickel Quicksilver .... Pens, metallic. Types, new Zinc: In pigs or blocks Old and worn out Manufactures, articles, or wares not .specially provided for: Clocks, and parts of Musical instruments Shooks, sugar box, etc Casks, and barrels, empty Furniture, cabinet or house All other manufactures of wood, etc Musical instruments, wood chief value Clocks, wood chief value Carriages and paits of, wood chief value 32.76 28.27 26.53 .3.3.95 26.19 35.47 27.01 30 46.16 31.51 28 57 27.91 37.50 30 28.58 40 28.57 33.35 40 42.86 42.86 .33.14 42. 8§ 40 30 33. 1» 40 42.85 40 44.44 44.44 3.3.33 33.33 28.57 28.57 28.57 28.57 28.57 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 103 Stafement hy groups of the reductions of ditty by present lair, etc. — Continued. FROM TWENTY-FIVE TO FIFTY PER CENT— Continued. Articles. Sugar candy and confectionery, etc., other not specially prO' vided for Glucose and. grape su'ar Leaf tobacco, not stemmed, for cigar wrappers Horses valued at less than $150 each $150 and over , Buckwheat ~ Macaroni, etc Oats Rice, cleaned Butter and substitutes therefor Cheese Milk, preserved, etc Milk, sugar of Prepared or preserved : Beans, peas, etc Eggs Honey Hops Potatoes ? Linseed or flaxseed.... Poppy and other oil seeds Pickles and sauces All other not specially provided for In cases or packages made of tin : Herring Mackarel Salmon Other Figs Raisins Fruits preserved in their own juices Nuts : Almonds — Not shelled Shelled Filberts and walnuts — Not shelled'. Shelled All other shelled or unshelled n. s. p Apples green or ripe Fresh beef Poultry, live Dressed Starch .' Mustard Spirits, distilled— Brandy Grain Other materials 104 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Statement by groups of the reductions of duty by present lav, etc. — Continued. FRO-M TWEXTY-FIVE TO FIFTY PER CEXT.— Cont nued. Compounds or preparation?, etc Cordials, liquors, etc Bay rum Malt liquors : In bottles or jugs Not in bottles or jugs Malt extract : In both bottles and jugs , In casks Solid or condensed Cherry juice and other fruit juice containing more than 18 per cent of alcohol Ginger ale, etc., containing more than | of a pint each and not more than 1^ pints Cloth, not oleached, dyed, etc, not exceeding 50 threads to the square inch, valued at 6^ cents or less, per square yard Cloth exceeding .50 threads and not exceeding 100 threads per .square inch : Not bleached, etc., valued at 6 J cents or less per square yard.. Bleached, etc., valued at 9 cents or less per square yard Cloth not exceeding 100 threads per square hich : Not bleached, etc., valued at over 6i cents per square yard. Bleached, valued at over 9 cents per square j-^aid l. Cloth exceeding 100 threads and not exceeding 150 threads per square inch : Not beached, etc., valued at 7i cents per squire yard Not bleached, etc., valued at over 7-} cents per square yard.. Bleached, etc., valued at 10 cents or les-- per squ ire yard Cloth exceeding 1-50 threads and not exceeding 200 threads per square inch : Not bleached, etc., valued at 8 cents or less per square yard Not bleached, valued at 10 cents per square 3'^ard Cloth exceeding 200 threais per square inch : Not bleached, valued at 10 cents or less per square yard Bleached, etc., n. o. s Plushes, velvets, etc., not bleached Corduroys, etc., not bleached, etc Chenille, curtains, etc Shirts and drawers : Valued at more than $l..50 and not more than $3 perdozen.. Valu d at more than $3 and not more than $5 p r dozen Stockings, etc. , selvedged, etc : Valued at more tlian 60 cents and not more than $2 per dozen pairs _ Valued at more than $2 and not more than §4 perdozen pairs.. Flax, hackled*. Cables, cordage and twine — other untarred, etc All other Gill netting made from thread or twine finer than 20 TARIFF SCHEDULES. 105 hiatimeiit of groups of fhe reductions of dufij hij present laic, etc. — Continued. FROM TWENTY-FIVE TO FIFTY PER CENT.— Continued. Para- graph of present law. 3(;9 M. 370 371 372 374 K. 392 393 394 :;96 397 398 399 400 402 403 404 407 408 413 415 41S 419 426 429 430 434 436 432 441 442 443 448 449 4.5C 4.5] 452 Articles. Oil cloths for ' floors, etc. : Valued at 25 cents or less per square yard... Valued above 25 cents per square yard Yarns or threads, flax or hemp, valued at le.ss than 13 cents per pound Manufactures of flax or hemp, of which these substances or either of them is the component material of chief value Collars and cuffs entirely of cotton Manufactures of jute, etc., valued at 5 cents per pound or less... ]\Ianufactures of other vegetable fibre, valued at 5 cents per pound or less All other manufactures of wool, n. s. p., valued at above 40 cents per pound Flannels weighing over 4 ounces per square yard Dress goods, composed wholly or in part of wool, etc., weighing over 4 ounces per square yard Dress goods, not exceeding 15 cents per squafe yard Dress goods, valued at above 15 cents per square yard Other clothing, ready made, etc Cloaks, dolmans, etc Webbhig, gorings, suspenders, etc Carpets, etc. Aubusson, Axminster, etc. : Saxony, Wilton, etc Velvet and tapestry velvet Tapestry .Brussels. ." Treble ingrain, etc Carpets of wool, etc Carpets and carpeting of cotton Knit goods, composed in part of India rubber Ready-made clothing and other, composed in part of India rubber. Pulp of wood, mechanically ground Printing paper, etc., sized or glued Paper, known commercially as copying paper, etc Bristles Pearl and shell buttons Ivory, vegetable ivory, buttons Corks Dolls, dollheads, etc Bituminous coal and shale Coke Matches, in boxes containing not more than 100 per box Percussion caps Ostrich feathers, dressed , All other feathers, dressed Feathers, and flowers, artificial, ornamental, etc Haircloth, crinoline cloth Haircloth (seating) Hair curled, suitable for beds or mattresses Hats, composed of rabbit fur, etc Jewelry, n. s. p Percent reduc- t'on. 106 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Stittemeni by groups of the reductions of duty by present law, etc. — Continued. FROM TWENTY-FIVE TO FIFTY PER CENT.— Continued. Articlt Calfskins, japanned Pianoforte and pianoforte action leather I.adies' and children's gloves : Schmaehen, pique or prick seam, etc •Schmachen, lined Lamb, plain Lamb, pique or prick seam, etc ' I-amb, lined Kid, plain Kid, pique or prick seam Kid, lined Pique or prick seam, etc Pique or prick seam, lined Gloves, men's, over 14 inches in extreme length Plain Pique or prick seam, etc Lined, composed wholly or in part of kid Do Do Osier or willow Osier or willow manufactures of Masks, composed of paper or pulp Slate pencils Pipes, pipe bowl«, etc Stiksfor umb-ellas, pai^sols, etc., carved Per cent reduc- tion. LE;S TH\X T\VE}^rY-FIVE PER CENT. Acids: Acetic, specific gravity exceeding 1.047 Citric " Tannic Ammonia: Carbonate of Sulphate o' Blacking Bone char Camphor, rofined Co'^alt, oxide of Collodion: All compounds of p roxyln Rolled or in sheets Ethers: Fruit ethers, oils, or essences Logwoofl and other dyewoods Fi.'ih g ue or isinglass: Valued at not above 7 cents per pound VaUud at above 30 cent> per pound Gelatin, valued at above 30 cents per pound ... Glue: \'ahn.'d at not above 7 cents per pound . Valued at above 30 cents per pound Ink and ink powder TAEIFF SCHEDULES. lOT Statement bii groups of thf rediu-tions of dafi/ hi/ present Ixw, tic — Continued. LESS THAN TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT.— Continned. Articles. Per cent reduc- tion. 79 90 93 94 96 99 102 10.3 107 114 115 IIH 122 Licorice ^Nhxgnes a, calcined Oil, fish Black made from bone, etc Ocher and ocher earths, ground in oil Sienna and sienna earths Um' er and unfber earths Spirit varnishes Zinc, oxide of, drj' I All other paints and colors, mixed or ground, etc ! Pota-h, prussiate of: | Red Yellow Pi-eparations used as applications to the hair, mouth, etc \ Soap, fancy i Tartar, cream of j Brick, fire, not glazed | Tiles, ornamented, glazed, etc i Lime I Karthenware and china, brown j Gas retorts I Bottles and vials, flint and lime: I Empty, holding le-s than \ pint j Filled, holding less than J pint 1 Bottles and vials, green, colored: I Emptv, holding less than |^ pint i Filled, holding less than \ pint i Clieiiiical glas-ware . Plat*:- glass, fluted, rolled, or rough, ground smooth or otherwise j I obscured, above 24 by 30 inches and not exceeding 24 by 60 i inches Plate gla-s, polished, finished, etc., above 24 by 30 inches and not exceeding 24 by 60 nches, unsilvered Cylinder, crown, and common gla-s, unpolished when ground, obs ured, etc: Not exceeding 10 by 15 inches square Above 16 bv 24 and not above 24 bv 30 . Cylinder and crown glass, polished unsilv^'red when ground, obscured, etc: Not exceeding 16 by 24 inches square Above 16 by 24 inches and not exce ding 24 by 30 inches ... Above 24 by .30 inches and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches ... Plate glass, cast, polished, silvered when ground, obscured, etc., above 24 by 30 inches and not exceeding 24 by 60 inches Plate glass, cast, polLsh^d, unsilvered when ground, obscur^'d, etc., above 24 by 30 an I not exceeding 24 by 60 inches All above 24 hy 60 nches 'Stained or painted'window glass, etc Tenses of glass or pebble whol y or partly manufactured, etc. ... 9.11 12.50 22.17 20 16.66 16.66 16.66 14.38 20 16.67 13.91 1.57 20 4.53 6.76 .60 11.11 16.67 20 1.09 20 20 19.99 20 11.11 20 10 13.56 23.70 22.58 22.62 20.94 17 62 6.78 19.38 22.22 22.22 108 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Statement by groups of the reductions of dnfij hij the present knv, etc, — Continued.! LESS THAN TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT— Continued. Para- graph present law. Articles. Pep cent redui tion 123 124 125 Marble: In block, rough, or squared Veined marble, sawed, etc All manufactures of ,, 23. 22. 10 20 7. 19. 21. 24. 131 Slate, roofing C. 138 141 Boiler or other plate iron or steel : Valued above 1 cent and not above 1.4 cents per pound Valued above 7 cents and not above 10 aents per pound Valued above 10 cents and not above 13 cents per pound... 142 146 Sheets of iron, etc.: Thinner than No. 25, wire gauge Corrugated or crimped Steel ingots, cog ingots, etc. : 21. 21. 20 148 V lued above 1.8 cents and not above 2.2 cents per pound.. Sheet and plates and saw plates of steel, not specially provided for: Valued above 1 cent and not above 1.4 cents per pound Valued above 1.8 cents and not above 2.2 cents per pound.. Wire of iron or steel : Flat steel wire or sheet steel, etc Smaller than No. 10 and not smaller than No. 16 wire gauge Wire of iron and steel valued at more than 4 cents per pound ... Wire rope and wire strands, made of iron wire : Smaller than No. 10 and i.ot smaller than No. 16 wire gauo^e 22 20 22. 20 14. 11. 18 Sm Her than No. 16 and not smaller than No. 26 wire gauge . . 23 15. Wire rope and wire strand, made of iron wire galvanized : Smaller than No. 10 and not smaller than No. 16 wire OO Smaller than No. 26 wire gauge 17. Wire rope and wire strand made of steel wire : Not smaller than No lOwiregauge 9 Smaller than No. 10, and not smaller than No. 16 wire gauge s Wire rope and wire strand made of steel wire, galvanized, not smaller than No 10 wire gauge .. . . 23 18. 158 159 Card clothing : 20 Other 19. 167 Table knives, etc. : Valued at more than $2, and not more than $3 per dozen pieces 23. TARIFF SCHEDULES. 109 Stakmeni by groups of the reductions of duty by present laiv, etc. — Continued. LESS THAN TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT— Continued. Aiticles. Per cent, reduc- tion. Table knives, etc. — Continued. Valued at more than |8, and not more than |8 per dozen pieces Valu d at more th'n $8 per dozen All carving and cook knives, etc.: Valu.d at more than $8 and not more than $12 per dozen pieces „ Valued at more than $12 per dozen pieces Files : Over 4 inches in length and under 9 inches Nine inches in length and under 14 inches Sheets and plates, etc., enameled or glazed with vitrious glass- Nails and spikes, cut Nails : Horseshoe, hob, etc „„.., Wire, 2 inches long and longer, not lighter than No. 12 wire gauge Saws : Circular Mill, pit, not over 9 inches wid- Screws, half inch or less in length , Brass, old and clippings from brass, etc Bullions and metal thread of gold, silver, etc Gold pens Penholder tips, etc Pins Manufactures, articles or wares not specially provided for : Brass Buttons, metal Carriages, etc Copper Gold and silver - Machinery Iron and steel Lead Aluminum Bronze Metals, n. e. s Nickel Platinum Zinc Leaf tobacco, stemmed, for cigar wrappers Cigars and cheroots Cigarettes and paper cigars, etc Sheep : Less than 1 year old ., One year old or more Corn or maize Corn meal , 13.28 7.65 24.78 23.10 19.99 23.09 22.22 4.5S 17.76 19.12 16.67 10.02^ 24.81 12.05 16.67 16.67 16.67 16.67 22.22 18.71 8.8^ 9.32 9.13 21.10 9.91 18.63 110 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. StfUemeni by groups of tfie reductions of duty by present law, etc. — Continued.. LESS THAN TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT— Continued. Para- graph of present law. Articles. 1 Per cent reduc- tion. 2(i0 Oat meal 15 82 9(31 Rice uncleaned.. 20 264 Wheat 2 OS 265 Wheat flour 20 292 Fish : 24.91 24 91 Salmon pickled or salted 24 9S Other fish pickled or cents per poimd 112 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Statement by yroups of tJit ndactions of duty by present luv, etc — Continued. LESS THAN TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT— Continued. Para- graph of present law. 372 373 374 L. 410 411 412 413 414 M. 415 419 420 421 422 423 425 N. 427 437 441 456 458 460 Articles. Percent rtduc- tion. Collars and cuffs - Shirts, etc Laces, edgings, etc. : Composed of flax, jute, or other fiber Composed of cotton Manufactures of jute, etc., valued above 5 cents per pound Manufactures of other vegetable fiber valued above 5 cents per pound Spun silk Velvets, plushes, or other pile fabrics, containing, exclusive of selvedges, less than 75 per cent in weight of silk Webbings, gorings, suspenders, etc Buttons Handkerchiefs [ Laces, embroideries, etc Knit goods, other Ready-made clothing and other Dress and piece goods ■ Ribbons All other, n. s. p Pulp of wood, chemical: Unbleached Bleached Paper albumenized, etc Papers known commercially as surface-coated papers, etc Envel pes Hangings and paper for screens, etc Blank books Writing, drawing, etc., pap^n* Other manufactures of paper Brushes of all kinds Emory, grains and ground Matches, otherwise tlian in boxes containing more than 100 Boots and shoe-; Ladies and children's — • Gloves: Schmaschen, plain Suede- anil other, etc., plain Ladies and children's, on which the rates of duty do not equal a duty of 50 per cent Men's, 14 inches and under in extreme length, plain Bone and horn, manufactures of Chip, manufactures of (baskets) Grass, manufactures of , India rubber Palm leaf, manufactures of Straw: Manufactures of For julips TARIFF SCHEDULES. 118 Statement hi/ groups of the vedKctiuus of dut)j hy present lav; etc. — Continued. LESS THAX TWENTY-FIVE PER CENT— Continued. Para- graph present law. Articles. Per cent reduc- 461 462 4()0 470 471 AVhalebone, manufactures of Leather, manufactures of Fur, manufactures of India rubber, vulcanized Gutta-percha Hair, manufactured of Papier mache, manufactures of Ivory and vegetable ivory, manufactures of Shell and mother-of-pearl, manufactures of Pencils, wood, filled with lead, etc X'mbrellas and parasols, covered with silk or alpaca Sticks for umbrellas, parasols, etc., plain 16.67 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 14.29 12.50 12.50 6.84 18.18 14.29 114 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. INCOME TAX PROVISIONS As Contained in the New Revenue Law. — Mr. McMillin's Report in House. Sec. 27. That from and after the first clay of January, eigliteen hundred and nmety-live, and until the first day of January, nineteen hundred, tliere shall be assessed, levied, collected, and paid annually upon the gains, profits, and income received in the preceding calendar year' by every citizen of the United States, whether residing at home or abroad, and every person residing therein, whether said gains, profits, or income be derived from any kind of property, rents, interest, dividends, or salaries, or from any profession, trade, employment, or vocation- car- ried on in the United States or elsewhere, or from any other source whatever, a tax of two per centum on the amount so derived over and above four thousand dollars, and a like tax shall be levied, collected, and paid annually upon the gains, protits, and income from all property owned and of every business, trade, or profession carried on in the United States by per.-ons residing without the United States. And the tax herein provided for shall be assessed, by the Commissioner of Internar Revenue and collected, and pa d upon the gains, profits, and income for the year ending the thirty-first day of December next preceding the time for levying, collect- ing, and paying said tax. Sec. 28. That in estimating the gains, profits, and income of any person there shall be included all income derived from interest upon notes, bonds, and other securities, except such bonds of the United States the principal and interest of which are by the law of their issuance exempt from all Federal taxation ; profits realized within the year from sales of real estate purcha-ed within two years prL-vi- ous to the close of the year for which income is e-timated ; interest received or ac- crued upon all notes, bonds, mortgages, or other forms of indebtedness bearing in- terest, whether paid or not, if good and collectible, less the interest which has become due from said person or which has been paid by him during the year ; the amount of all premium on bonds, notes, or coupons ; the amount of sales of live stock, sugar, cotton, wool, butter, cheese, pork, beef, mutton, or other meats, hay, and grail or other vegetable or other productions, being the growth or produce of the estate of such person, less the amount expanded in the purchase or production of said stock or produce, and not including any part thereof consumed directly by the family; money and the value of all personal property acquired by gift or inheri- tance; all other gains, profits, and income derived from any source whatever ex- cei^t that portion of the salary, compensation, or pay received for services in the civil, military, naval, or other service of the United States, including Senators, Eepresentatives, and Delegates in Congress, from which the tax has been deducted, and except that portion of any salary upon which the employer is required bv law to withhold, and does wnthhold the tax and pays the same to the officer authorized to receive it. In computing incomes the necessary expenses actually incurred in carrying on any busin^^ss. occupation, or profession shall be deducted and also all interest due or paid within the year by such person on existing indebtedness. And all national. State, countv, school, and municipal taxes, not including those assessed against local benefits, paid within the year shall be deducted from the gains, profits, or income of the person who has actually paid the same, whether such person be owner, tenant, or mortgagor; also losses actually sustained during the year, incurred in trade or arising from fires, storms, or shipwreck, and not compensated for by in- surance or otherwise, and debts ascertained to be worthless, but excluding all esti- mated depreciation of values and losses within the year on sales of real estate pur- INCOxME TAX PROVISIONS. 115 chased within two years previous to the year for which income is estimated: Provided, That nodeduction shall be made forany amount paid outfornewbuildings, permanent imi^rovements, or betterments, made to increase the value of any property ore stute: Proi'/(/«//»)-^/(f/-, That only one deduction of four thousand dollars shall be made from theaggregate income of all the niembirs of any family, composed ot one or both parents, and one or more minor children, or husband and wife; that guardians shall be allowed to make a deduction in favor of each and every ward, except that in case where two or more wards are comprised in one family, and have joint prop- erty interests, ihe aggregate deduction in their favor shall not exceed four thousand dollars: A)id procidfd farther, That in cases where the salary or other compensation, paid 10 any person in the employment or service of the United States shall not ex- ceed the rate of four thousand dollars per annum, or shall be by fees, or uncertain or irregular in the amount or in the time during which the same shall have accrued or been ea ned, such sa ary or other comp. nsation shall be included in estimating the annual gains, profits or income of the person to whom the same shall have been paid, and shall include that portion ot any income or salary upon which a tax has not been paid by the employer, where the employer is required by law to pay on the excess over four thousand dollars: Provided also, That in comptiting the income of any person, corporation, company or association there shall not be included the amount leceived from any corporation, company or association as di\ idends upon the stock of such corporation, company or association if the tax of two per centum has been paid upon its net profits by said corporation, company or association as required by this act. Sec. 32. That there shall be assessed, levied, and collected, except as herein otherw se provided, a tax of two per centum annually on the net profits or income above actual operating and business expenses, including expenses for inateriala purchased for manufacture or bought for resale, losses, and interest on bonded and other indebtedness of all banks, banking institiitions, trust companies, saving in- stitutions, fire, marine, life, and other insurance companies, railroad, canal, turn- pike, canal navigation, slack water, telephone, telegraph, express, electric light, gas, water, street railway companies, and all other corporations, companies, or as- sociations doing business for profit in the United States, no matter how created and organized, but not including partnerships. ******** The net profits or income of all corporations, companies, or associations sha.l in- clude the amounts paid to shareholders, or carried to the account of any fund, or used for construction, enlargement of plant, or any other expenditure or invest- ment paid from the net annual profits made or acquired by said corporations, com- panies, or a-sociations. That nothing he ein contained shall apply to States, counties or municipalities; nor to corporations, companies or associations organized and conducted solely for charitable, religious or educational purposes, including fraternal beneficiary socie- ties, orders or associations operating upon the lodge system and p oviding for the payment of life, sick, accident and other benefits to the members of such societies, order- or associations and dependents of such members; nor to the sti-cks, shares, funds or securities held by any fiduciary or trustee for cliaritable, religious or edu- cational pui-poses; nor to building and loan associations or companies which make loans only to their sli^reholders; nor to such savings banks, savings institutions or socitties as shall, first, have no stockholders or members except depn^itois and no capital except deposits; secondly, shall not receive deposits to an aggregate amount, in any one year, of more than one thousand dollars from the same depositor; thirdly, shall not allow an accumulation or total of deposits, by any one depositor, exceed- ing ten thousand dollars; fourthly, shall actually divide and distribute to its depos- itors, ratably to deposits, all the earnings over the necessary and proper expenses of such bank, institution or society, except such as shall be applied to surplus; fifthly, shall not possess, in any form, a surplus fund exctn-ding ten per centum of its ag- gregate deposits; nor to such savings banks, savings institutions or societies composed of members who do not participate in the profits thereof and which pay interest or dividends only to their depesitors; nor to that part of the business of any savings banks, institution or other similar association having a capital stock, that is con- ducted on the mutual plan solely for the benefit of its depositors on such plan, and which shall keep its accounts of its business conducted on such mutual plan sepa- rate and apart from its other accounts. 116 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Nor to any insurance company or association which conducts all its business solely upon the mutual plan, and only for the benefit of its policy holders or mem- bers, and having no capital s ock and no stock or shareholders, and holding all its property m trust and in re'serve for ,ts policy holders or members ; nor to that part iJ the business of any insurance ; ompany having a capital stock and stock and shareholders, which is conducted on the mutual plan, separate from its stock plan of insurance, and solely for the benefit of the policy holders and me.ubors insured on said mutual plan, and holding all the property belonging to and derived from said mutual part of its business in trust and reserve for the benefit of its policy holders and members insured un s .id mutual plan. That all ytate, county, municipal, and town taxes paid by corporations, com- panies, or assoc ations, "shall be included in the operating and business expL-nses of such corporations, companies, or associations. Sec. 33. That there shall hv levied, collected, and paid on all salaries of officers, or payments for services to pcr-i Ills in the civil, military, naval, or other employ- ment" or service of the United Slates, including Senators and Eepresentatives and Delegates in Congress, when exceeding the rate of four thousand dollars p -r aniuim, a tax of two per centum on the excesss above the said four thousand dollars; and it shall be the duty of all paj masters and all disbur.-ing officers under the Government of the United States, or persons in the eniploy thereof, when making any payment to any officers or perso s as aforesaid, whose com- pensation is determined by a fi"xed salary, or upon settling or adjusting the accounts of such officers or persons, to deduct and withhold the afore- said tax of two per centum; and the pay roll, receipts, or account of officers or per- sons paying such taxes as aforesaid shall be made to exhibit the fact of such pay- ment. And it shall be the duty of the accounting officers o the Tr. asury Depart- ment, when audit ng the accounts of any paymaster or disbursing (.fficer, or any officer wit hho ding his salary from moneys leceived by him, or w'hen settling or adjusting tin" accimnts of any such officer, to require evidence that the taxes men- tioned in this section have been deducted and paid over to the Treasurer of the United States, or other olficer authorized to receive the same. Every corporation wliicli pays to any emplovt-e a salary or Compensation exceeding four thousand dollars ix'r annuin shall report the same to the collector or deputy collector of his district and said employee shall pay thereon, subject to the exemptions herein provided for, the tax of two per centum on the excjss of his >alary over four thou- sand dollars : Provided, That salaries due to State, county, or municipal officers shall be exempt from the income tax herein levied. *^* * ** ♦ * Sec. 3167. That it s'lall be unlawful for any collector, deputy collector, agent, clerk, or other officer or employee of the United States, to divulge or to make known in any manner whatever not provided by law to any per on the op. rations, style of work' or apparatus of any manufacturer or producer visited by him in his official duties, or the amount or source of income, profits, losses, expend. tures, or any par- ticular thereof, set forth or disclosed in any income return by any person or corpo ration, or to i)erinit aiiv income return or copy thereof or any book containin any abstract or particnlais ihereof, to be seen or examine I by any person except as pro- vidal by law; and it shall he unlawfiU for any person to print or publish in any manner wliatcv r not piMviiled by law, any income or part thereof or the amount or source of inconir, puilits, los.'^es, or expenditures appearing ifi any income return ; and any offense aganist the foregoing provision slui 1 be a niisdemeano and i;e pun- ished by a fine not exceeding one thousand dollars or by impiisonineiit not exceed- ing one year, or both, at the.liscretiou of the conn ; and if the o ender be an ollicer or employee of the United States he shall be dismissed from ollice and b- incapable thereaftt'r of holding any office under the Goverment. rLAYING CARDS. Sec. 38. That on and after the first day of August, eighteen hundn d and ninety- four; there shall be levied, collecied, and paid, by adhesive stamps, a tax oi two cents for and upon everv pack of pi lying card- containing not mure tlia i fifty -four cards, mannfactured and ^old or removed, and also iijion every pack in the stock of any (lealer on and after that date; and the Uommissioner of Internal Revenue, w th the approval of the Secretary of tlu' Treasury, shall make regulations as todies and adhesive stamps. M MILLIN S REPORT. m Report on the Income Tax. ^Ir. McMillin, from the Committee on Ways and Means, submitted the follow- ing report on the income tax : The wealt i of this country amounts to more than $65,000,000,000, and the ques- tion arises whether it is nit just and fair that a portion of this money should be raised by a tax on the earnings of wt'.dth insti-ad ot imposing it all or nearly all on consumption. The cominitteL' believe that it is eniiniMitly just- and proper that the amount proposed by this bill should be collected from a tax on incomes instead of placing all of it on the necessities of life, which are consumed by all but are not used in proportion to their ability to pay taxes, but according to the necessities of existence. What just complaint can there be against placing thirty millions of this burden on wealth rather than all of it upon consumption? . t is not proposed to raise all of it by an income tax. It is not even proposed to raise half, or one-fourth, or one- tenth of it that way; but only a small per cent by an imposition of 2 per cent tax on the incomes over $4,000 of all individuals and the net inqomesof all corporations. The committee s?e no hardship in requiring those who have incomes of more than 84,000 a year to pay 2 per cent of all in excess of that amount to carrv on the Government under which it has been accumulated and by which it is protected. Corp irations ar.' by law given special privileges and advantages. Their stock- holders in the main are freed from personal liabilitj- by the laws of their creation. They have almost perpetual liie; tiiey may sue or be sued as individuals. Through the courts of the country they ai'e protected and enabled to carry (in their oper- ations. It has therefore been deemed by the committee not unjust to place a tax of 2 per cent on their net earnings. * * * It is said that this tax cannot be collected. Agaiu-t this assertion we place the facts of history. The following tible shows the collections under the income-tax law in existence from 1862 to 1870, and the committe3 place this c )11 ^ction of $346,- 000,000 against the assertion that it is impossible to collect this. Had this tax been retained, even at the reduced rates imposed in 1867, the public debt could have been extinguislied f om this source alone years ago. Interna revenue receipts from income tax Receipts by fiscal year^. 1 Beceipts under each act. In "iseal Year. Amount. eaendarj ^trl''^ amount. ^f^'^^^ , IIou- e timated. 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 SJ, 74 1.858.25 20,21)4.731.74 32.0.=.0,017.44 72,982,159.03 66.014.429 34 41,455..598.36 34 701.855.S4 37.775,873.62 19.162,650 75 14 436S617.S 5.062 311.62 139,472 I 9 232 64 588.27 97.79 3.021.92 55,627.64 1862 July 1, 1862 1863 July 1. 1.S62, and J. U. July 4, 1864 1866 1 IsHs f i Mar. 2. 1.^67 1869 J 1 1870 §2,741.858.25 3 per cent and 5 pei cent. 20,294,731.74 4 15 i2J/; ncr cent 1 3 per cenf on incomes j over S600 and n t over i $10,000; over §10,000, 5 ! pcrcnt Same iis abov- for act of 1^62, ard under joint nsoluti'Mi 5 per c nt on iacDmes over $600. 5 per cent on incomes over ?600 and not over 5f5,000; over $5,000, 10 per c nt. On incomes over $1,000. 1873 1872 ); ■ ' I 1862-^71 1 1 1 1874 1875 1876 1862- '71 i 1862-'71 f 1862-'71 ! 1862-'71 J p.-alei laws. \ 199,040 35 1 {Various On incomes over J6U0 as 1877 ....■ above 1881 ) 1884 Total 346,967,388.12 ... 346,967,388.12 1 Note.— After he year 1.S62 the colleciious duriui: any yiveu fiscal year were not c nfined to tt previous calendar year, but niturally include amounts due and iinpafd for any previous year. Treasury Depaktment, Internil Revenue Office, AwjU'^t 23, 1893. 118 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. The effort to carry on the administration of Government by taxing consumption alone has be -n tried in other countries and proven as unequal in its burd ns and unsatisfactory in its results as here. Great Brita n tried the experiment for many years of encouraging and protecting manufacturers b the imposition of tariff duties. There, as hi're, it proved inadequate. In 179.S an income tax was imposed to sap- plement failing revenues. It was maintained until 1816, then the old system was returned to in the hop? that it would be sufficient in tames- of peace B"ut in 1842 Sir Robert Peel was forced to resort to an income tax. He b'^ieved that to equalize the burdens of taxation a greater share souldb' placed on we 1th and less on things t at had to be bought and consumed daily. It was predict 'd then, as it is now, that the tax would be.unFatisfactoiy; that it wa:- inq.iiitorial, and woukl b.% therefoic. unpopular. But the courageous premier was willing to risk his party and his administration on the intrin.sic justice of the measure. He succeeded in having it adopted. Notwithstanding a half a century has elapsed, and m my political revolutions have swept over the country, carrying down tlie ministry with them, there has been no power strong enough even in ti at great monarchy to break it down and put all of taxation back on cons'imption. This, under peculiar institutions, favoring the accumulation of re d estate, and where their possession, in the hands of the ruling classes, is encouraged and thought to contribute to the stability of the governments. Under that law only £150 ($750) is exempted from taxation. Great Britain de- rived from this source £13,290,000— about $66,500,000— last year. The rate im- posed is 7 pence a pound. P us ia, the gi-eate t of the states composing the German Empire, imposed an income tax as far hack as 1851, and has had that form of taxation for many years. There is only §225 income exempt. It is graduated from le. s than 1 to 4 per cent. For the year 1892-' 93 there was derived from this sour, e 124,842,848 marks — about $30,210,712. Almost all the twenty odd states of the German Union have imposed an income tax very similar to that of Prussia. An income tax has existed in Austria since the beginning of the nin(>teenth cen- tury, . xcept the period between ls-2'.) and 1849. In 1892 it yieldtd slO,OOi),000. In 1892 there was collected fioiii incomes by the Italian Governnuut S45,()i)0,000. The rate is 12 per cent, and in addition thereto Ih per cent is le\ ied for war pur- poses. Other governments have followed this tendency. THE INCO.AIE TAX. 119 THE INCOME TAX. Extract From the Speech of Scott Wike, of Illinois. Hon. 3Ir. Wike said : In my judgment a very heavy graduated income tax should be levied, not on incomes simply, but 0:1 incomes of fortunes, to stay the insatiable hands of fortune- seeking advi:-nturers who aim really more to gratify a vaulting ambition to belong to the aristocracy of gigantic wealth, with the attendant fascination of power, than from any rational desire or hope to enjoy or make useful these unreasonable and unholy amassments. * * * When these colossal fortunes were unknown in this country, pauperism, too, •was in a measure unknown ; but now destitution, poverty, and want prevail in a ratio of geometrical proportion as the property of the country is concentrated in the hands of a few. Already the unsightly piles of wealth look down with ever increasing menace to the pjrpetuity of the simple ani popular government that was devised to secure the blessings of liberty and prosperity to the masses. Figures give no adequate idea of the common understanding of the immensity o£ hundreds and thousands of these fortunes, or the rapidity with which they are amassed. For example, if Adam, created in the beginning, and which was recently popularly supposed to be live thousand years ago, had been endowed with wha^ seventy-five years ago would have been considered a large fortune— $50,000— and had doubled it the first year, and had lived and added to it a like amount annually from that day to the present time, saving it all, he would not yet have accumulated the princely fortune that at least one family possesses, or which, perhaps, is possessed by several separate families and individuals in this country to-day. Incomes, both in numbers and amounts, in the United States far exceed those in Great Britain, and the increase in wealth has been infinitely more rapid here than in that country. Since the adoption of the present revenue system and bounty policy, tlie concentration of wealth in the hands of the few is unprecedented in any country. The extent to which this concentration has been going on since the war is not only alarming, but in the light of the ultimate consequences is absolutely ap- palling. It is now maintained that one-half of the wealth oi the country is already concentrated in the hands of 25,000 persons, and three-fourths or four-fifths of it in the hands of 250,000 people. 120 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. The question of the concentration of wealth and the extent of such concentration becomes a very important one in c nsidering the utiUty and desirableness of the in- come tax. Let us see, therefore, if we can, whether these statements as to the extent of such concentration are true or not. In the absence of official information we must exam- ine the most reliable data at hand, and to this end attention is invited, in the first place to the statements and statistics published in the Forum jNIagazine for Septem- ber and November, 1889, by Mr. Thomas G. Shearman, one of the foremo-t econo- mists of this country, as furnishing perhaps the clearest and most convincing analy" sis and exposition of the question that has been written. STATISTICS SHOWING CONCENTRATION OF WEALTH. Your attention is first called to the following statements, made in the Septem- ber magazine article alluded to: "The St. Louis Glohe recently published a list of seventy-two persons who were worth, collectively, the whole amount of our national debt, averaging S18,000,000 each. The wealthiest railroad manager in America in 1865 was worth $^40,000,000, but not more. His heir died recently, leaving an estate of nearly $200,000,000; and there are several gentlemen now living who are worth $100,000,000 each. Within a short period a number of quiet, unobtrusive men, of no national fame, have died in Pennsylvania, leaving estateb of over $20,000,000 each. Twenty living persons in the oil business are reputed to be as rich. Forty persons could be easily named none of them worth less than $20,000,000, and averaging $40,000,000 each. "At the lowest reasonable estimate there must now be more than two hundred and fifty persons in this country whose wealth averages over $20,000,000 for each. But let us call the number only two hundred. Income-tax returns in Great ! ritain and in the rnited S ates show that in general the number of incomes, when ar- ranged in large cl sses, multiplies by from three to five fold for every reduction in the amount of one-half. For extreme caution, however, we estimate the increase in the nuinbtr of incomes at a very much lowt r rate than this. At this reduced rate the amount of wealth in the hands of persons worth over $500,000 each in the United States would be about as follows: 200 persons at $20,000,000 $4,000,000,000 400 persons at 10,000,000 4,000,000,000 1,000 persons at 5,000,000 5,000,000,000 2,000 persons at 2,500,000 5,000,000,000 6,000 persons at 1,000,000 6,000,000,000 15,000 persons at 500,000 7,500,000,000 Total 31,500,000,000 "This estimate is very far below the actual truth. Yet, even upon this basis, we are confronted with the" startling result that 25,000 persons now possess- more than half of the whole national wealth, real and personal, according to the highest esti- mate ($60,000,000,000) which any one has yet ventured to make of the aggregate amount." ' In the November article mentioned a statement is made of the wealthiest estates in England, showing the richest of the Rothschilds and the world-renowned banker. Baron Overstone, each left about $17,000,000. Earl Dudley, the owner of the rich.st iron mines, left $20,000,000. The Duke of Buccleucli ( who carried half of Scotland in his pocket) left about $30,000,000. The Marquis nf Bute was worth, in 1872, $28,000,000 in land, and he mav now be worth $4 (,000,000 in all; The Duke of Norfolk may be worth $40,000,000, and tlie Duke of Westminster perhaps $50,000,000. The table of incdiiu's derived from the profits of business, exclusive of railways,, mines, etc., in Great Britain, is also given, as follows: THE INCOME TAX. 121 Persons. Incomes. Average income. 104 £50,000 and over. 10,000 to £50,000 5.000 to 10,000 4,000 to 5,000 3,000 to 4,000 2,000 to -3,000 1,000 to 2,000 400 to 1,000 200 to 400 £91,783 1 192 17,644 1871 6,553 1 117 4,270 1 c)47 3,266 4 202 2,282 13 268 1,277 52 765 541 159 198 282 235,664 Then follows this statement : " Th ' great law of average may be relied upon as confidently in Americi as in Europe. We need only find a starting point, then we may safely proceed to calcu-- lations based upon general experience a.s to the average mcrease in the number of persons owning wealth, in proportion to the decrease of the amount owned by each individual. To find this starting point it wi 1 be necessary to ^ive a list of Ameri- cans who^e wealth is approximately known." After which are given the name5 of seventy individuals, with an estimate of the wealth of each, aggregating §2,70),00:),000, and averaging over $38,500,000. Mr. Gould, the Vanderbilts, and Eockefeller are put down as worth $100,000,000 each, and Drexel, Morgan, and Marshall Field 825,000,000 each, while I have no doubt that popular opinion and the facts place them at a much higher figure, if in fact not doubt these amounts. In discussing the moderation of his own estimates, ^Ir. Shearman says : " Making the largest allowance for exaggerated reports, there can be no doubt that these seventv names represent aa aggregate wealth of 82,700,000,000, or an average of over §37,500,000 each. The writer lias not especially sought for infor- mation concerning anyone worth less than §20,(100,000, but has incidentally learned of fifty oth;-r persons worth over 810,000,000, of whom thirty are valued in all at $450,000,000, making together one hundred persons worth over 83,000,000,000. Yet this list includes very few naihes from New England and none from the South. Evidently, it woitld be easy for any specially well-informed person to make up a list of one hundred persons averaging S25,000',000 each, in addition to ten ave ag- ing 8100,000,000 each. No such list of concentrated wealth could be given in any other country in the world. The richest dukes in England fall below the average wealth of a dozen American citizens, while the greatest bankers, merch ints, and railway magnates of England cannot compare in wealth with many Americans." According to the facts as here stated, one hundred and ten persons own §3,500,- 000,000 of the national wealth, or nearly one-seventeenth of the whole, leaving out of the calculation public property. The writer then goes on to say that li.sts were lately published of sixty seven mil- lionaires residing in Pittsburg, ot sixty-three residents of Cleveland pos-essing in the aggregate §300.d(X),000, and sixtv persons residing^in three villages near New York citv whose wealth is said to aogregate §500,000,000, and in fact §750,000,000, and that the Goelet estate in New York city paid taxe-- on $25,000;000 real estate. The mayor of Chicago is given as authoritv'that four gentlemen in that citv are worth over $20,000,000 each. MR. T. E. Wilson's estimates. Confirmatory of the accuracy of the estimates here placed upon individual for- tunes, and of the statements relative to the rapidity with which vast wealth is con- centrating in the hands of the few, I beg to submit and call your attention to two 122 ^ DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. lists of names furnished me by Mr. T. E. Wilson, the very able statistician and econ-/ omic writer of the New York World. One of tliese lists shows the names of one hundred and twenty-five individuals in the city of New York whose incomes each amount to $250,000'and over, and the other contains the names of three hundred business houses in tliat city, and in -hiding none from Brooklyn, tliat are each rated by the commercial agencies at $1,000,000 and over. These lists, whicli I hold in my hand, were publish cl in the New York Workl, and so far as I know tlie accuracy of the ratings has never been questioned, while tlie source from whicli tliey emanate entitles them to implicit confidence. Of course many of the incomes alluded to must exceed by very many times tlie amount stated, §250,000, some of them rising, no doubt, to a half score of millions. If tliese incomes were accumulated by interest on bonds or money loaned, divi- dends on stocks, and net rentals of real estate, then the recipient of a $250,000 in- come, it is fair to presume, would be worth anywhere from five to ten million dol- lars, while numbers of the millionaires in New Y'ork are estimated to be worth from $4:0,000,000 to §250,000,000— forty women alone being worth in that city an average of several million dollars each. It is evident, therefor.^, that there must be a very large number of millionaires in the city who are not included in the list ot individuals mentioned. And it is ap- parent also that the wealth of many of the business houses given must be greatly in excess of $1,000,000. So that it would be very interesting and profitable, indeed, to know just how much the wealth of all the millionaires and millionaire establish- ments in New Y'ork city aggregates, and Mr. Wilson will have i most valuable con- tribution to the cause of revenue reform he so ably advocates wh-n his researches in this prolific field of inquiry shall be completed. The probability is, if the facts could b. accurately ascertained, that the individu- als, companies, corporations, and trusts worth §1,000,000 and over throughout the United States would aggregate from one-fourth to one-third of the entire wealth outside of public property. MR. shearman's statement CONTINUED. Mr. Shearman, proceeding with his argument, declares that the official tax list of Boston shows that more than fifty families pay taxes on over §1,000,000 each, and that two hundred pay taxes on amounts clearly indicating that they really are millionaires, and says : The facts already stated conclusively demonstrate that the wealthiest class in the United States is vastly richer than the wealthiest class in Great Britain. The aver- age annual income of the richest hundrc'd Englishmen is about §450,000; but the average annual income of the richest hundred Americans cannot be less than §1,200,000, and probably exceeds §1,500,000. It follows inevitably that wealth must be far more concentrated in the United States than in (ireat Britain ; because where enormous amounts of w'ealth are placed in a lew hands, this necessarily im- plies that the great mass of the people have very small pos:essions. The writer then observes that in 1877 two hundred and twenty-two thousand British capitalists possessed over §25,030 each, while the number of persons deriv- ing profits of over §1,000 p.'r annum each was nearly two hundred thousand, while these two classes of people are not at all the same, not more than one-fifth to one- third of either class being included in the other, but that in the absence of detailed information the classification of the distribution of wealth must be taken with much reserve. He then proceeds to say : But incomes, in their very nature, are much more equally distributed than wealth. Millions have incomes who have practically no wealth. Therefore, a computation on this basis will greatly underestimate the concentration ot wealth in the higher THE INCOME TAX. 123 gures while it will lead to such an overestimate of wealth in the lower figurefs as 5 make it gradually quite misleading. Such a computation is indeed of no use whatever outside of the first two hundred and fifty thousand families, and must be reatly modified long before reaching that number. Bearing these considerations in mind, we proceed to estimate the distribution of LUierican wealth. Taking the number of British incomes exceeding £200 as a basis tor comparative lassification, starting on the basis of known facts concerning American wealth and Qodifying the figures gradually, for the reason already .-stated, we arrive at the fol- owing conclusions: Distribution of American xuealth on the basis of British income returns. Families. 52, 160, 2oo: 1,000, 2,000 9,565 10.. 100.. 200.. 000.. ,000. 000 . 000 . 000.. 000 . 000 . 000 . 000. 000. ,000 . Average wealth in thousands. 13,000,310 Public property, churches, etc. $100,000 25,000 6,000 2,200 1,400 ■ 1,000 700 4(.!0 150 60 20 3* Total. Total in millions. 11,000 2,500 7,200 4,400 1,400 2,000 2,800 5,200 7,800 9,600 4,000 3,500 4,000 7,175 62,o75 M 2,500 65,075 From this table it will be seen that by adding together the possessions of fifty thousand of the richest families they own one-half of the wealth of the country, not taking into account the public property. Considering the above table so as to arrange it in three great classes, we arrive at this result : Class. Families. j Wealth, in} Average millions, per family. Rich Middle Working Total r, 235,310 ; $43,900 1,200,000 ; 7,500 11,565,000 i 11,175 13,000,310 62,575 $186,567 6,250 968 4,813 In considering the foregoing table Mr. Shearman states that the numbei'' of the very largest milionaires has been kept down to nearly the limit of his personal in- formation, while in his judgment there must be at least as many more of whom he has never heard, and says : ' ' If this surmise is correct, it would add at once $2,500,000,000 to the share of wealth belonging to the millionaire class, and would confirm the writer's rough estimate in the Formn for September, that 25,000 persons own just about one-half of all the wealth of tlie United States." 124 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. UNTAXING THE RICH. Taxes on Luxuries and Wealth Repealed at Different Times by tha Republican Party. Statement showing the date of i-epea! of the several classes of articles and occupa- tions that have been taxed under the internal revenue laws of the United States and the amount of revenue derived therefrom tluring the last entire year before their repeal. 1st, jiaxufactcres axd peoducts. This class, exclusive of distilled spirits, manufactured tobacco and fermented liquors, contained the largest number of different articles on which an internal tax has been imposed and yielded during the fiscal year ended June 30, 1866, a revenue amounting to 8127,230,608.66, but by reductions in the rates of tax and additions to the free list under act of July 13, 1866, this sum was reduced to §91,531,331.31 in the next fiscal year, whicli was the last full ye u- before the repeal of the tax on this class of articles (illuminating gas excepted) by acts of February 3, 1868, ]\Iarch 31, 1S6S, and July 20, 1868. 2XD, GROSS RECEIPTS. This class included, when taxation under it was at its maximum, the tax on the gross receipts of advertisements, bridges and toll roads, canals, ships, barges, etc., stage coaches, steamboats and railroads for tran>portation of passengers and freights, of express, insurance and telegraph comptvnies, etc. The argest receipts were dur- ing the fiscal year 1866, when they amounted to $11,262,429.82. All taxes under this classs not before reduced or abolished were repealed by act of July 14, 1870. The receipts from this source for the fiscal year 1870, the last year before its repeal, were 86,894,799.99. 3d, sales. The principal sales included in this class were auction sales, brokers' sales of mer- chandise, stocks, bonds, gold and silver bullion and coin, foreign exchange, etc., and manufacturers' sales. The tax on sales, except those of spirits, tobacco and beer, was repealed by act of July 14, 1870. Receipts during the fiscal year ended June SO, 1870, $8,837,394.97. 4th, special taxes XOT KELATIXG to spirits, tobacco axd FERMEXTED LIQUORS. This "class included the annual special or license tax that was levied on nearly every trade, profession or occupation, and the amount of fcix varied from five (5) dollars on butchers whose annual sales did not exceed §1,000 to five hundred (500) dollars on a'^saj'ers when their assays amounted to over 8-500,000 per annum. The tax on this class was repealed May 1, 1871, by act of July 14, 1870. The receipts from this source during the last full year before its repeal in 1870, were $11,020,- 787.78. UNTAXING THE RICH. ' 125 OTII, INCOME. The tax on income of individuals, as finally amended by act of July 14, 1870, pro- ided that on all taxable incomes over §2,000 (income less than that amount being xeaipt from tax) there should be levied and collected a tax of 2k per cent, and a ke tax on bank and insurance companies, dividends, and additions to surplus ands, and on canal, turnpike, and railroad companies' dividends and additions to urplus and interest on bonds. This tax expired by limitati m December 31, 1871. Llie income tax collected from individuals during the fiscal year 1872, as.sessed on |he incomes of the calendar year 1891, was §8,410,688.87, and from banks, railroad ompanies, and other corporations, and from salaries of United States otficers, 16,020,175.91, making a tjtal of 814,436,861.78. 6tII, LE&-ACIES .\ND SUCCESSIONS. ■ The tax on legacies and successions was repealed by act of July 14, 1870. The imount of revenue derived from the same during the fiscal year ended June 3d, .870, was §3,091,825.50. 7th, articles of luxuky kept for use. The tax on such articles in this class, as billiard tables, carriages, plates of gold ,nd silver, gold watches, piano-fortes, and yachts, that had not before been re^- )ealed, was, abolished by act of July 14, 1870. The receipts from this source during he fiscal year 1870 were §907,442.09. 8th, slaughtered animals. Tlie tax impo.sed on slaughtered cattle, sheep and swine was repealed by act of Wy 13, 1866. The receipts from this source for the fiscal year ended June 3, 1866, vere §1,291,570.51. 9th, passports. The tax imposed on passports by the internal revenue laws, was repealed by ^t of July 14, 1870, and the receipts from the same during the fiscal year 1870 .mounted to §22,756.00. 10th, stamp taxes. Stamp taxes, so-called, did not include stamps used to pay the tax on distilled pirits, fermented liquors,, cigars, cigarettes, snufi", chewing and smoking tobacco, ["hey were taxes imposed on nearly every form of legal instrument, on bank :hecks, patent medicines, perfumery, cosmetics, friction matches, plajung cards, itc., and yielded a revenue during the fiscal year 1870 of §16,544,043.06. This ax was reduced by acts of July 14, 1870, and June 6, 1872, so that during the ast year before its repeal on July 1, 1883, by act of ]\Iarch 3, 1883, the receipts rom this source were §8,139,217.^6 11th, illuminating gas. The only tax remaining on manufactures not repealed by acts of ^larch 31, .868, and July 20, 1868, was that on illuminating gas, which was abolished Au- gust 1, 1872, by act of June 6, 1872. The receipts from this source during the fiscal rear ended June 30, 1872, were §2,831,718.56. 126 ' DEMOCKATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. 12th, bank capital and deposits. The tax on the capital and deposits of all banks, private, state and national, was repealed by act of INIarch 3, 1883. The amount of revenue collected on the capital and deposits of banks and bankers other than national banks during the iiscal year ended June 30, 1882, the last full year the tax was in force before its repeal was $5,249,172.70, and of national banks $5,959,702.37, making a total of $11,208,875.07. The above statement includes all classes of internal taxes that have been entirely abolished and shows the amount of revenue derived from them during the last en- tire fiscal vear that those taxes were in force. SUGAR DUTIES. 127 SUGAR DUTIES. Action of Republican Senators Increasing Duties in Favor of the Trust. Tiie Republican members of Congress and the Republican press have had much to say against the Democratic party and especially thi Democratic Senators, for having given undue protection to the refining industry, commonly known as the ' sugar trust." These accusations appear supremely hypocritical in the face of the fact that this gigantic monopoly grew up under the protecting care of the Republi- can part}'. That the protection given to the sugar refiners, over and above the 40 per cent ad valorem on raw and refined, is more than is necessary, is probably true ; but the question is n. t how iiAich should have been given the "trust " but how much could be taken away from it. The Republican party has always baen the staunch friend of "trusts" and at all times, when in power, favored the "sugar trust." That their advocacy of free sugar in the Senate, during the consideration of the tariflT bill, was a sham, and only done for the purpose of creating a division in the ranks of the Democratic members, in the endeavor to defeat all the tariff 1 gislatioh and thereby save the sugar and all the other great trusts from harm, was apparent from the fact that whe 1 a separate bill, abolishing the differential duty on refined sugar, was tendered to them, they either voted against it- consideration or refrained from voting, thereby breaking a quorum. Under the act of 1S83, a Republican measure, the duty on sugar under No. 13, Dutch standard in color, was 2 cents a pound; over No. 13 and not above No. 16, 2| cents per pound; above No. 16, and not above No. 20, 3 cents per pound, and above No. 20, 3J cents per pound. The sugar refiners under this act had a pro!;e3tiou of IJ cents per pound agaiiiSt sugars below No. 13; f of a cent a pound against sugars between Nos. 13 and 16, and i cent a pound against ail below No. 20, Dutch standard. The McKinley bill, as originally drafted, provided for an ad valorem duty of 35 per cent on raw and 40 per cent on refined. At the dictation of the " Trust " raws w-ere made free and a specific duty of 4-10 of a cent per pound placed on refined, and a bounty of 2 cents per pound provided for the sugar planters. When the bill reached the Senate the agents of the " Trust" were again on hand and the Finance Committee of the Senate, a majority of whom were Republicans, were induced to report an amendment, increa-ing the specific rate of 4-10 on sugars above No. 16, Dutch standard, to 6-10 of a cent per pound. I'^pon the adoption of this amendment the yeas and nays were as follows : Yeas 29. — Aldrich, Allen, Butler, Cameron, Casey, Chandler, Dawes, Dixon, Dolph, Eustis, Evarts, Frye, (Tibson, Hale, Hawley, Hoar, McMillan, Manden-ion, Paddock, Pasco, Piatt, Plumb, Quay, Reagan, Sawyer, Stewart, Stockbridg(% Teller, Washburn. - Nays 23. — Allison, Barbour, Bate, Berry, Blackburn, Carlisle, Cockrell, Colquitt, 128 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. CuUom, Edmunds, Faulkner, Gorman, Mitchell, Morgan, Pugh, Ransom, Sherman, Spooner, Vance, Vest, Walthall, ^Mlson of Iowa, Wilson of Md. Absent 32. — Blair, Blodgett, Brown, Call, Coke, Daniel, Davis, Farwell, George, Gi*ay, Hampton, Harris, Hearst, Higgins, Hiscock, Ingalls, Jones of Arkansas, Jones of Nevada, Kenna, McPherson, Moody, Morrill, Payne, Pettigrew, Pierce, Powers, Sanders, Squire, Sanford, Turpie, Voorhees, Wolco'tt. Of the yeas, five, Butler, Eastis, Gibson, Pasco, and Reagan were Democrats and, the balance 24: Republicans; and of the nays one, Allison, was a Republican, and the balance 22, were Democmts. The increase of 1-5 of a cent per pound over the rate proposed in the ]McKuiley bill was made upon the recommendation of a Republican committee and adopted by Republican votes. After the adoption of this amendment, Senator Quay oifered the following amendment : All sugars above No. 13, Dutch standard in color, shall be classified by the Dutch" standard of color, and shall pay duty as follows, namely : All sugars above No. 13 and not above No. 16, Dutch standard of color, three-tenths of 1 cent per pound. All sugars above No. 16 and not above No. 20, Dutch .-tandard in color, shall pay duty of six-tenths of 1 cent per pound. All sugars above No. 20, Dutch standard in color, shall pay a duty of eight-tenths of 1 cent per pound : Provided, That if an export duty shall hereafter be laid upon sugar or molasses bj' any country from whence the same may be imported, such sugar or molasses so imported shall be subject to duty as provided by law prior to the passage of this act. This amendment proposed an increase on sugars between Nos. 13 and 16, of 3-10, and in sugars above No. 20, Dutch standard, of 4-10 of 1 cent per pound. Senator Manderson proposed an amendment to the amendment, striking out " one cent," and inserting in lieu thereof " eight-tenths of a cent," and upon this proposition said : Now, ^Ir. President, it seems to me that there is abundant reason in these sug- gestions for establishing the distinction suggested by the amendment of the Sena- tor from Pennsylvania. That amendment, making this graded rate of duty on all sugars above No. 13, will have not only the effect of encouraging this sugar indus- trv, but, as I have suggested, it permits manufacturers of sugar from factories wliich they expect to establish in this country to refine their own products without shipping to the lai'ge refiners of sugar in the East I believe the duty of 1 per cent per pound, as proposed bj' the amendment of the Senator from Pennsylvania, is probably higher than we need to go. I think that eight tenths of a cent per pound will amply reach every element of protection, and I hope that amendm -nt may be made. In opposition to the amendment of Senator Quay and the amendment to the same by Senator INIanderson, Senator Gorman said : Mr Gorman. Mr. President, this amendment is not only an increase on the bill as it came to this body from the other Housi', but the Senate has already made a very large increase 'n favor of the interest of refining by the change from 16 and 13, Dutch standard, and from four-tenths to six-tenths of a cent per pound on all sugars a'ove No. 16. It is now proi)Osed by this amendment to o beyond even the recommen "ations of the Committee on Finance and to impose this duty upon all sugars above No. 20, which would simply give the sugar refiners an absolute monopoly of all the refined article and would add to their pr(^fit, in my iud_nnent, from the best information I can g t, beyond the jjoint where the present law exi-ts, and would simplj- be an imposition upon the people of the country. As the bill is amended it is doubtful whether the people will get any verj' con*iderable benefit from it. SUGAR DUTIES. 129 Senator Vest also vigorously opposed tlie amendment. He said : Mr. Vest. Mr. President, pactically this amendment amounts to very little. I shall vote against it, as I have voted against the increase from four to six-tenths of a cent above No. 16, and imposing a duty of three-tenths of a cent between No. 13 and No. 16. The refiners have now all tiiey want. The votes that have been taken here to-day have put into the pockets of the refiners millions upon millions of dollars. The first report that was made by the McKinley committee in the House put the grade at No. 16 in color under the Dutch standard. When the Mills bill was con- sidered in the House the hist report was in favor of No. 16 and in behalf of the consumers of the country. Then, by some sort of manipulation, it was reduced to No. 13, which has been the standard that the refiners have demanded all the time. The very same thing which was made the subject of attack against the Demo- cratic committee in 1S88 has occurred now in the House of Representatives, and again in the Sei-ate. The refiners have triumphed again, and have put this down to No. 13, Dutch standard. There has never been any test as to sugars below No. 13, because they must all be refined, and that is the sugar which is the raw material to the refiners." But the test has always been, as every Senator who knows anything about the tarift'is well aware, upon the grades between 13 and 16. There are two grades between 13 and 16 which can be used wlien imported into this country without being refined. They are the light beet sugars that come from Germany and a dark sugar which is used largely in the northwest. Over these two grades the battle has r.iged all the time, the refiners always claiming that the standard should be down to ^;o. 13 in color, whilst the friends of the consum- ers of the country, as I regard the question, have insisted upon No. 16. By the vote here to-day to put three-tenths of a cent a jjound duty upon the grades between 13 and 16, and then above 16, we have increased the duty in the bill as it came from the House from tour-tenths to six-tenths of a cent, which makes it absolutely exclusive. So the refiners, as this bill now stands, without voting upon the present amendment, get their raw material free when it is under No. 13, get a duty which amounts almost to exclusion upon the two grades be- tween 13 and 16, and get an absolutely exclusive duty on all grades above 16. Now, the Senator from Pennsylvania simply wants to make — Assurance double sure. And take a bond of fate — By putting all above 20 at $1. Mr. President, since the Senate has put the rate at three-tenths of a cent between 13 and 16 and six-tenths of a cent above No. 16, the refiners have secured all thev want, and it is a matter of indifterence to me whether or not you add one more outrage, in my judgment, and«put it at 1 cent under the amendment. But in any event 1 shall vote against it, as I have voted against all the rest of this legislation. Upon the conclusion of Senator Vest's reusarks, the demand for the yeas and nays was withdrawn and the amendments rejected. 130 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. ANTI-TRUST PROVISIONS. Sections of the New Tariff Law Against Trusts, Combi- nations and Companies. Sec. 73. That every combination, conspiracy, trust, agreement, or contra t is hereby declared to be contrary to public policy, illegal, and void, when the same is made by or I etween two or more persons or corporations either of whom is en- gaged in imijorting any article from any foreign country into the United States, and when such combination, conspiracy, trust, agnement, or contract is intended to operate in restraint of lawful trade, or free competition in lawful trade or com- merce, or to increase the market price in any part of the United States of any article or articles imported or intended to be import d into the United State-, or of any manufacture into which such imported article enters or is intended to enter. Every person who is or shall hereafter be engaged in the importation of goods or any commodity from any foreign country in violation of this section of this act, or who shall combine or conspire with another to violate the same, is guilty of a mis- demeanor, and, on conviction thereof in any court of the United States, such person shall be fined in a sum not less than one hundred dollars and not exceeding five thousand dollars, and shall be further punished by imprisonment, in the discretion of the court, for a term not less than th ee months nor exceeding twelve months. Sec. 74. That the several circuit courts of the United States are hereby invested with jurisdiction to prevent and restrain violations of section seventy-thret' of this act; and it shall be the earing and determination of he case; and pending such petition and before final decree, tlie court may at any time make such temporary restrain- ing order or prohibition as shall be deemed just in the p emises. Sec. 75. That whenever it shall appear to the court befoie which any proceed- ing under the seventy-fourth section of this act may be pending, that the ends of justice require that other parties should hi brought before the court, the court may cause them to be summoned, whether they reside in the district in which the court is held or not; and subpoenas to that end may be served in any district by the mar- shal thereof. Sec. 76. That any property owned under any contract or by any combination, or pursuant to any conspiracy (and being the subject thereof) ment'oned in section seventy-three of this act, and being in the course of transportation from one State to anothrr, or to or from a Territory, or the District of Columbia, shall be forfeited to the United States, and may be seized and condemned by like proceedings as tliose provided by law for the forfeiture, seizure and condemnation of property imported into the United States contrary to law. Sec. 77. That any person who shall be injured in his business or property by any other person or corporation by reason of anything forbid^ len or declared to be un- lawful by this act may sue therefor in any circuit court of the United States in tlie district in which the defendant resides or is found, without respect to the amount in controversy, and shall recover three-fold the damages by him sustained, and tlie costs of suit, including a reasonable attorney's fee. SUGAR, COAL, IRON AND WIRE. 131 SUGAR, COAL, IRON AND WIRE. Secretary Carlisle's Letter to Senator Harris, August 15 1894, as to Receipts and Expenditures. Treasury Department, Office of the Secretary, Washington, D. C, August 15, 1894. Dear Sir : Your letter advising me that the House of Representatives had passed and sent to the Senate bills putting sugar, coal, iron ore and barbed wire on the free list, and requesting ' ' an official statement from you (me) as to the effect that the passage of these bills, or either of them, would have upon the revenues of the Government," is received, and in response I have the honor to say that, according to the most careful estimates that can be made, if no change is made in the proposed revenue legislation which has recently passed through Congress, the total receipts into the Treasury during the current fiscal year will be as follows : Estimated revenues for fiscal year ending June 30, 1895. From duties on imports : Senate bill, including $43,000,000 on sugar $179,000,000 From internal taxes : Whiskv $95,000,000 Tobacco 33,000,000 Fermented liquors 33,000,000 Income 15,000,000 Oleomargarine 1,800,000 Playing cards 1,000,000 Miscellaneous 200,000 179,000,000 From sales of land and other miscellaneous source- 20,000,000 Total estimated revenue 378,000,000 The estimated receipts for the present year from the proposed tax on in- comes and playing cards, and the proposed additional tax of 20 cents per gallon on distilled spirits, are, it will be observed, much less than is stated in the various tabulated statements which have heretofore been used in the discussion of these subjects, but I am satisfied the amounts here given are approximately correct. The proposed income tax will not become payable, by the terms of the bill recently passed, until "on or before July i, 1895," which is the close of the fiscal year; and it is estimated by the Commissioner of Internal Revenue that 132 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. by reason of the large stock on hand the receipts from the tax on playing cards will not amount to more than §1,000,000 during this year. The estimated increase of receipts on account of the additional tax on dis- tilled spirits during the present year has already been prevented to a great extent by the withdrawal of large quantities of goods from the bonded ware- houses, and the payment of the tax thereon at 90 cents per gallon, and this process is still going on. The total expenditures during the current fiscal year will be as follows : Civil and miscellaneous, including deficiency in nostal rev- enues " '. 890,000,000 War, including rivers and liarbors 56,000,000 Navy, including new vessels and armament 33,000,000 Indians 10,000,000 Pensions 143.500,000 Interest 30,500,000 Total estimated expenditures $363,000,000 Estimated surplus for year 15,000,000 The duly on sugar propsed in the recent bill will, according to importa- tions of that article during the fiscal year 1893, yield an annual revenue of ^43,478,958, and the duties on the other articles mentioned in your commu- nication would yield, under that bill, about ;;?i,ooo,ooo j that is to say, iron ore, $270,920; coal, $436,149; and barbed wire, fencing wire, and wire rods, of iron or steel, when imported for the manufacture of barbed-wire fenc- ing, about $300,000. It will be seen, therefore, that if sugar alone is placed on the free list, the expenditures during the present fiscal year will exceed the receipts to the amount of $28,478,058, and if the duties are removed from all the articles specified in your letter the deficit will be $29,478,058, not including any ex- penditure on account of the sinking fund, or the payment of $2,363,000 of Pacific Railroad bonds which will mature during this fiscal year. In view of the existing and prospective requirements of the public service, I am of the opinion that it would not be safe to place aU the articles enumer- ated in your letter, or even sugar alone, upon the free list, without imposing taxation upon other articles or subjects sufficient to raise an annual revenue of about $30,000,000. I have the honor to be, very respectfully yours, J. G. CARLISLE, Secretary. Hon. IsHAM G. Harris, Acting Chairman Senate Finance Committee. Note — The bonds of the Pacific Railroad guaranteed by the Government, to the amount of $2,362,000, mature during the present fiscal year ; and this amount is not included in the above estimate of expenditures. mills' speech. 133 Tariff Reform. SPEECH HON. ROGER Q.. MILLS, OF TEXAS, In the Sentatb of the United States, Tuesday, April 24, 1894. The Senate, as in Committee of the Whole, having under consideration the bill (H. E,. 4864) to reduce taxation, to provide revenue for the Government, and for other, purposes- Mr. MILLS said: Mr. President, we have the cheap 33t labor on the globe. We have the poorest paid labor in proportion to the work our laborers do that is to be fo und on earth Why so? Because we work by machinery, and one laborer in this country pro- duc«s in som3 cases five, ten, and even over ten times more than is performed by the man who is doing the same work in other countries. Great Britain approaches more closely to us than any other country in the world, but she is behind us. We can produce the things we are producing cheaper than anybody else on earth can do it, if they can do it at all. I have a statement here to which I want to call the attention of the Senate and of the country and especially of the wage-workers. Some time ago, looking over MuUhall's Dictionary of Statistics, I came across a statement in which he gives the number of persons employed in manufactures in all the different countries of the world that are manufacturing to any considerable extent. He gives the total value of the product made in each country and the number of persons emi^loyed. By dividing the number of hands by the value of the product we get precisely the amount of value turned out by each hand. This statement shows that for 1888 the United Kingdom had 5,189,000 persons employed in manufacture;that they turned out a product worth $4,100,000, 000, and the product per hand was §790. France had 4,443,090 per-oas employed. They turned out a product valued at §2,425,000,000, or §545 per hand. Germany had 5,350,000 persons employed. Tliey turned out a produc . vaiuedat §2 915,000,009, or §545 per head. Russia had 4,760,000 employed. She turned out a product valued §1,815,000,000, or §381 per head. I will print this table and will not go over it all. The United States had 3,837,000 persons employed, who turned out a product valued at §7,215,000,000, or §1,880 per head. Department of Labor, Washington, D. C, Fcbruanj G, 1894. My Dear Sir: In response to yours of January 18 and January 20, I liave the honor to state that from the very jest sources whi^h I have been abL to consult, 134 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. I estimate the average annual earnings in all manufacturing industries in the coun- tries named bv you to be as follows: 1. United States. $347; 2, Great Britain, $204; 3, France, $175; 4, Belgium, -165; 5, Germany, 153; 6, Austria, $150; 7, Switzerland, $150; 8, Italy, $130; 0, Spain, $120; 10, Russia, $120. The above estimates have been made, so far as the United States is concerned, from the actual numbar of persons employed and the total wages paid to them as shown by the census of 1830; for Ireat Britain they have been made larg.^ y from British figures, and for the oher countries the estimiies have been made from statements originating with foreign authorities and verified by facts collected by agents of ihis Department. While tlie actual figures given in the above estimates may not be more than approximately correct, the proportions, I feel sure, are fair. I am, very respectfully. CARROLL D. WRIGHT, Commissioner. Hon. Roger Q. Mills, United Slates Senate. The average annual rate of wages is for 1830. The number of hands and value of product is for 1888. The relative comparison is the ^[same. The wages in all coun- tries would be higher in 1888 than in 1880. But the relative differences would be Bubstantially the same. ********** lam now making a comparison based on the wage rate of 1880. I am not talk. ing about 1890. I am taking the annual average wages paid in 1880 and comparing it with the product of 1888. It makes no difference, as I said before, that the wages are of 1880 and the product of 1888, for relatively they are the same thing. The wages for 1883 would have been a little larger in all the countries, but it is amply sufficient for the purposes which I have in view. Now, let us apply this. Seven hundred and ninety dollars' worth of product per'hand in Great Britain cost in wages $204. In France $545 worth of product cost $175 for wages. In Germany $545 cost $155 for wages, and on going down I will print this table, so that all can read it. Table showing number, of employees, total value of product, value of product per em. plovee, annual average wages piid per employee in minufacluring industries in the countries named below in 1880. Countries. Total value of product. Number of employees. Pro:luct per hand. Annual wages jiaid. TTnifprl TCinodnm .. . $4,100,000,000 2,425 000,000 2,915,000,000 1,815,000,000 1,265,000,000 605,000,000 425,000,000 510,000,000 160,000,000 7,215,000.000 5,189,000 4,443,000 5,350,000 4,760,000 3,090,000 2,281,000 1,167,000 953,000 370,000 3,837,000 $790 545 545 381 409 205 364 545 433 1,880 $204 175 155 120 150 Italy 130 Spam 120 Bel-^ium 165 Switzerland United States 150 347 In the United States $1,880 worth of pr:.duct cost $347 for wages. Now, our friends point to the fact that the workman in the United States gets $347 for his MILLS' SPEKCH. 135 annual work; in Great Britaia he gets $204; in France he gets $175; in Germany $155. Ours is the high-priced workman, and those are paupers, but when we come to look at the fact, that our people are paid less than the foreigner for the amount of work they turn out, the boot is found on the other foot. Now, let us carry this this thing out. Let us take the labor coot in other coun- tries of $1,880 worth of product and compare it with ours. The §1,880 worth of goods imported into the United Stites is the thing that is to test the coiiditio:i of our workmen. "When the goods come here then the labor cost of a given amount of goods is compared with the labor cost of the same amount of goods in a foreign coun- try. One thousand eight hundred and eighty dollars' worth of goods cost in thia country §347 for labor. Now, then, we imported from England last year $1,880 of cotton yarns that cost for labor in England $485, and in the United States $347. The labor cost in England was $138 more than in the United States, but our tariff taxes it $935 to protect our labor agoinst competition with the Englishman. We imported $1,880 worth of kid gloves from France that cost for labor in France $604; in the United States $347. The labor cost in France was $257 m ire than in the United States, but they were taxed $1,165 to protect our workmen against competition with the Frenchman. We imported from Germo-ny $1,880 worth of woolen goods, the labor cost of whioh in Germany was $535, which was $188 more than in the United States, but they were taxed $1,985 to protect our workmen against competition with the German. We imported from Russia cables, c ordage, and twine valued at $1,880, the labor cost of which in ilussia was $593, which was $246 more than in the United States, but it was taxed $487 to protect our workmen against competition with the poorly paid Russian. We imported $1,880 worth of buttons from Austria, the labor cost of which waa $fi89, or $342 more than in the United States, but these buttons were taxed $2,699 to protect our workmen ag linst competition with the Austrian. We imported $1,880 worth of silk piece goo :is from Italy, the labor cost of which in Italy waa $922, or $575 more than in the United States, but they were taxed $940 to protect oiir workmen against competition with the Italian. We imported $1,880 worth of iron ore from Spain, that cost for labor $620, or $455 more th in in the United States, bat it was taxed $802 to protect our workmen against competition wi h the Spaniard. We imported from Belgium $1,880 worth of window glass which cost for labor id Belgium $569; or $222 more than in the United States, but it was taxed $1,936 to protect our workmen against competition with the Belgian, and w^ im- ported irora Switzerland $1,880 worth of laces and embroideries which cost f )r labor in Switzerlanl $651, or $304 more than in the United States, but they were taxed $i, 128 to protect our workmen against competition with the Switzer. Germfxny imports cotton yarna from Great Britian and weaves those yarns and seiids tbem back and sells to Great Britain the cloth that is male from them. France imports cotton yarns from Great Britain. We import cottons yarn from Great Britian. There are cei-tain things v.e cannot compete with; there are certain things England cannot compete with; and there are certain things that other coun- triea cannot. I submit here the table I have prepared, that Senators and others may examine it: 136 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Labor cost Countries whence of $1,880 imported. 1 worth of product. Articles produced in the foreign countries named and imported into tixe United States. Labor cost less in United Stiites than exporting country. Amount of tariff t:ix on $1,880 woi th of articl'"^ imported. United Kingdom S485 60-1 535 593 689 922 620 569 651 347 $138 257 188 246 342 575 455 222 304 $035 1,16-5 1,985 487 2 699 Russia.." Austria Cables, cordage ahd twine. Buttons Silk piece goods Jr n ore Italy 940 Spain 802 BeWium . Window glass .... 1,936 1,128 Lace and embroideries United States Notwithstanding the fact that our labor is cheaper than that of other countries, our people are paying enormous duties to manufactui'ers to pro'.ect their workmen, not one dollar of which ever finds its way to the workman's pocket. Was not the Democratic national convention barking on the right trail when they denounced protection as a fraud? In the face of all these facts Congress is levying taxes to protect American workmen against competition Avitli pauper labor ! The reports which I have read to you show that $100 worth of manufactures cost for labor in Great Britain $25.82: in France, $32.11; in Germany, $28.44, in Russia, $31.49; in Austria, $36.63; in Italy, $49.05; in Spain, $32.98; in Belgium, $30.27, in Switzerland, $34.64; and in the United States, $18.45. Now, who has the cheapest labor? One of the most distinguished leaders of the Republican party, returning from Europe in 1888, started the campaign of that year in a speech at New York, an ex- tract from which I take from the New York Tribune of August 11, 1888. In that speech 'Sir. Blaine said: I am glad that this meeting is called in the name of the laboring men, because this que tio:i from first to last, from beginning to end, f omskin to core, and from coi'e back to skin again, it a question of labor. In this canvass, in which I sliall take greater or less part, I shall hold this ques- tion from the begir ning to the end as a quistion that intere.-ts every man, woman, and child in this'country that depends upon daily labor for daily bread. There is no need of making any law to protect capital. Capital always takes care of itself and gets a full share.' Truthful are those words as though they were written in Holy AVrit. Capital takes care of itself and it takes care of the laborer, too. "It gets its fuU share" and never gets left. The only labor that it performs is in getting this immense bounty out of the pockets of the people in the name of labor and putting it in its own pocket. They toil not, neither do they spin. They talk and labor with their mouths to get Congress to give them higher prices for their goods, in trust for their laborers and then never give a farthing to the workman. ]\Ir. President, I will give some more figures to show how protective tariffs affect labor. In Consul Shaw's rep jrt„ a very intelligent consul under a Republican Ad- mills' speech. 137 ■jninistration, made to this Government in 1882, in reporting on cotton goods, he Says that in 1882 Great Britain had 486,000 hands employed in cotton manufacture. .They made a product valued at $474,916,363. They were paidas wages $121,662,500. The value of the product of each hand was $977. The average wages of each, $250. The labor cost of the goods was 25.61 per cent. Now let us compare that with the cotton product of the United States two years before. In the United States, in 1880, our census returns show that we had 172,544 em- ployees engaged in the manufacture of cotton goods. The value of these products was $102,090,110. They received as wag.s $42,040,510. The value of the product of each was $1,113. The average wages of each was $243. The labor cost of the goods was 21.6 per cent. The Englishman made for his employer $977 worth o^ goods. The American made ; for his employer $1,113 worth of goods. The Eng- lishman got $25.61 for $100 worth of work. The American got $21.60 for $100 worth of work. Our workman turned out for his employer $136 more product than the Englishman and got $7 less pay. But the owners of the cotton goods got the protective tariff benefits all the same. And in 1890 his benefits were enlarged for the sole purpose of helping the workingman. Capital takes care of itself. To produce in Great Britain the $1,113 worth of product turned out by our workmen it would have cost for labor $284, which was $41 more than was paid to our workmen in the United States. Mr. Mulhall gives us another statement of cotton manufacture in Great Britain in 1888. He says for that year there were 504,000 operatives employed in cotton manufacture. The value of the producr. turned out by them was $507,000,000. For which they were paid in wages $147,000,000. The average value of the pro- duct turned out by each was $1,006. The average annual wages of each, $291. Labor cost of product 29 per cent. Now, let us compare this with 1890 in the United States, as shown by our census returns. We had in cotton manufacture 218,876 operatives. They turned out for their employers a product valued at $267,' 981,724. Value of the product of each emploj'ee, $1,224. Average annual wages of each, $301. Labor cost, 24.64 per cent. The Englishman got $29 for §100 worth of work, and the American got $24.64. To have manufactured the $1,224 in England that was made in the United States would have cost for labor $354.96 or $53.96 more than it did iu the United States. And if the whole $267,981,724 worth of our product had been made in Great Britain at their wage i-ate it would have cost for labor $11,000,000 more than it did in the United States; and yet we have a tariff of §57 on each $100 worth to protect our labor against the cheap paupjr labor of England ! Indeed, it is a question of labor "from skin to core." If t'.ie $507,000,000 of cotton goods that were produced in England had been produced in the United States at our wage rate our work people would have gotten $125,000,000 where the Englishman got $147,000,000. We imported last year $33,343,553 worth of cotton goods, the labor cost of which in Great Britain would have been $9,669,661, and in the United States $8,335,888. Notwithstanding the foreigner wa-i paid for wages more than a million over the wages paid to our workmen, the people paid a tariff tax of $19,031,638 to protect our poor workmen against pauper competition. No one can deny that it is a ques- tion of labor " from skin to core and from core back to skin again." Did not the Democratic convention at Chicago hit the nail on the head when they branded pro. .tection as a fraud ? In the name of the working people, thousands of whom they 138 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIUN BOOK. hnve turned out of employment :ind into the str.:'et^^, they have phmdered the "\ country to build u]) a ])lutocracy ; and now and hero in the midst of the wide ^ soread distress which they have sown from their hand • they have the effront ry to still defend the monumental ro' ibery in tlie nanas of the po jr workingman. The American people understood the question in 1892 and took the ski a from the party that made the McKinley law, and they will take the core when they come again. * * * 1 give h re a list of articles which show from the cens.is retui-na what wages are paid and from the tariff what protection is voted for our workmen. I hope some one who may be able to do so will explain why it is that the tariff takes the skin off the wrong man. In 1 ton of steel rails the labor cost is $3 ; the tariff is $13.44. In $100 worth of cutlery the labor cost is $11.24 ; the tariff is $80.11. In $100 worth of mats and matting the labor cost is $34.90; the tariff is $88.59 In $100 worth of silk piece goods the labor ca^t is $22.54 ; the tariff is $60. In $100 worth of cigars and cigarettes th3 labor cost is $34.51 ; the tariff is $125.36. In $100 worth of woolen or -worsted cbjths the labor cost is $20.85 ; the tariff la $100.02. In $100 worth of pottery the labor cost is $45. Oo ; the tariff is $60. In $100 worth of pearl buttons the labor cost is $31.69 ; the tariff is $143.61. In $100 worth of tannin the labor cost is $16.34 ; the tariff is $119.47. In a ton of coal the labor cost is from 40 to 50 cents ; the tariff is 75 cents. In $100 worth of cotton goods the labor cost is $24.24 ; the tariff $57.08. In $100 worth of linen the labor c:)st is $32.92 ; the tariff is $50. In $100 worth of common Avindovv glas-i the labor cost is $53.09; the tariff i? $98.39. In 1 ton of pig iron the labor cost is $1.-50 ; the tariff is $8.72. In 1 ton of bar iron the labor cost is $1.57 ; the tariff is $52.98. * * * Mr. President, the only way that the laborer cm receive any benefit is by the law of n iture that gives him employment, that gives him constant employment, ~~\ that gives him employment w.th a constantly incivasing demand for his work. ^ That is only don ^ when we increas.^ the consumption of the things upon which labor is expended, and we increase the consumption of the products of labor when we reduce the cost of making them— the labor cost and ev^ry other. Now, ma- chinery do s that, and so does the reduction ';f taxes. Then we must reduce the cost of reaching market and remove all obstructions out of the way so that we may get there. We must increase the demand fo ■ employment, and as the demand for the cm])lo.yment of labor increases by the increased consumption of the things that his la'>or makes, so wages will increase and employment will be constant. * * * Mr. Pre ident, our friends contend that because prices have been falling here in the Uniied States since they lave had a tariff, that the tariff is the cause of the lowering of prices, and they are constantly pointing to us the fact that the price of a certain thing was so much thirty years ago, and it is so much less now. My dis- tjnguishe ! and venerable friend acro.s3 the way [Mr. Morrill] told us the other day in hi-i speech that two-ply ingrain cirpot was worth $1 per yard thirty years ago, and that it is now worth 50 cent^ a yard. Behold the tariff ! The tariff did all this thing ! He d'd not tell us that the; labor co.st of that yard of ingrain carpet is now cents a yard and the tariff on it is over 60 per cent to protect it against competition, when tlie labor co.st of that amoimt of goods in Great Britain is 7 mills' speech. 139 cents How does my friend or how does any other man account for the fact that prices have been falling in free-trade England as well as in the Umted States for the la^t thirty years? I have a list here of articles which I have taken trom the export prices of Great Britain, commencing with 1873, comparmg 1873, 1877, and 1891, and it shows a constant downward tendency of prices all along the line : Export prices of English products for the years named. English products. 1873. Butter •• percwt... Oxndle^ per dozen pounds... Cement..'. percwt... Cordase f^ Wheat ^o Wheat flour clo ••- Cotton yarn per pound.. Cotton piece goods plain .per yard.. Cotton piece goods, printed clo... Cotton stockings per dozen pau-s.. Plate glass, rough per square foot.. Flint glass percwt.. Common bottles ....do.. Hats of all sorts per dozen... Boots and shoes ...per dozen pairs... Linen yarn per pound... Jute yarn ^^••• White linen, plain p_-ryard... White linen, printed do... Sail cloth do... Pig iron per ton... Bar, angle, bolt and rod iron do... Sheet iron do... Hoop iron do... Tinned plates do... Steel bars do... IVlanufactures of steel tlo — Copper ingots percwt... Yellow metal do... Pi^, sheet and pipe lead per ton... Paoer percwt.. Sir^ piece goods P^^r yard- Reined sugar per cwt.. Wwol per pound.. Wtolen and worsted yarn do.. Cai pets per yard... Flamels do. Oxiie of Cobalt per pomid. Nicwel do. 1877. $29.53 2.01 .76 14.92 3.37 4.74 .3552 .069 .0956 1.80 .75 14.47 2.54 7.36 16.18 .3302 .0808 .1524 .1526 .2794 31.16 65.45 89.75 72.90 163.85 185.55 347.55 23.40 21.45 118.75 15.20 .88 7.50 .4236 .74.50 3.54 2.07 $33.04 1.90 .64 13.87 3.25 4.35 .2575 .0566 .0861 1.5575 .555 13.94 2.74 6.22 15.32 .3226 .0696 .1386 .1572 .2742 14.33 88.85 63.95 42.75 99.00 167.70 316.70 18.90 17.70 107.45 14.00 .80 6.89 .3546 .6424 .6204 ..36 .306 1.15 1891. $28.87 1.18 .49 11.48 2.35 3.02 .2188 .0461 .0630 1.50 .32 11.09 2.34 4.71 13.51 .2904 .0494 .1084 .1224 .2142 13.12 33.70 42.05 36.40 79.90 80.30 173.85 13.90 14.00 70.75 8.30 .57 3.59 .2022 .4.530 .4968 .25 2.07 .48 It 250 The cost price of 3,000 pounds of m. 10 cotton yarn now, at 15 cents per ' P"^^^ • • ...._450 ^^^^^^^^^ ~i^ By a protective tariff ! Labor cost of 247 hand weavers required to weave 3,000 poands of yam into 11,100 yards of sheeting, each weaving 45 yards per week and recei^dn^ §3 per week as wages, was " -.-. Labor cost now of 8 weavers who weave that amount'in'one week and receive |6 per week as wages ^g Reduction m weaving 7^ Cost of cloth made by hand spinning and weaving, at 40 cents per vard 4 440 Cost of cloth now, at 7 cents per yard, by machinery ' '777 Reduction in cost o ggo .\iidtheysaya protective tariff did it-not the spinning jenny and the power loom, but the protective tariff that le^'ies 50 per cent dutv on cotton yarn and 57 per cent on cotton goods. Adam Smith tells of the immense benefits that come by the division of labor in making pms, from which I have gathered these figures: Labor cost of 521 persons required to make 2,500,000 pins in one day, at 1 cent per hundred, was c.^-q Labor cost of 1 person, who now makes 2,500,000 pins in oneday' and re- ceives as wages §1 Reduction ^ ^ That is done by a pin machine. Yet our friends stand here and tell us that is done by a protective tariff, and put on more duty in the interest of the poor work- ingman, and get him to believe that a protective tariff reduces prices and benefits mills' speech. 141 him. Adam Smith stuck pins in the protective tariff in Gi'eat Britain till it was \j dead, and the common shoolhouse and the schoolmaster in this country are stick- ing pins in it now, and will continue to stick pins in it until it is as dead in this coun- try as it is in Great Britain. It would have required 58 persons, working one week, each making 12,000 eight-penny nails to make 704,000, now made by 1, and the wages of the 58, atSGeach, was *'^^*^ They are now made by one hand, at §5 per day, six days 30 Reduction ^^^ Mr. President, it is not taxing that reduces the price of a thing. Adding to the cost never reduces the price. That cannot be done. Adding to the cost of a thing increases the price of a thing, or mathematics is a lie. It is taking from the cost of a thing that reduces the price of it. That is what machinery does, what a reve- nue tariff does, and that is what free trade does still better. There can be no justi- fication on earth, either in politics or common justice, to tax the producls of human labor except to support the administration of government. When this Govern- ment was first founded, a hundred years ago, our old fathers advocated moderate protection, for what? Because they were involved in war all the time. They be- gan in war; they continued in war, and for a generation and more they were strug- gling with the powers of all the world, it seemed. During Jefferson's administra- tion°the question was whether we would fall into the arms of Great Britain and the allied powers of the continent of Europe or France. Finally, we became involved in war with Great Britain. We needed manufac- tured products; we needed them every hour and every day, but the honest men of those days said they were in favor of protective duties to build up the infants. They never claimed that it was a permanent policy. They claimed that it was for the puiTDOse of building up infant industries in this country which would eventually come to maturity. One of the mo.^t distinguished leaders of the Republican party, Gen. Garfield, twenty-five years ago or less, in voicing the sentiment of the modern protectionist of that day in his own party said that he was in favor of that kind of protection that led to free trade. That was the kind of protection that clay ad- vocated; that was the kind that was contended for by the early protectionists, it was not changed until about the time of George M. Dallas, when standing where you are sitting now, Mr. President, he gave the casting vote in 184ti for the AY alker tariff. He said then that the infant had its growth; it must now stand upon its own feet; it must depend upon itself. The policy after that time was not infant manufactures, but it changed them to protection of American workmen against the pauper labor of Europe. * * * We must take the tax off those materials that are wrought into manufactures. We must do that as far as we can. We mu,st start in the good work, wliether we can accomplish it all now or not. We must start, not protecting our manufactures and making them so high that our people cannot consume them, but making them low enough so that their consumption will be universal and to the largest possible extent. To do that we will have to reduce the revenues we are taking from manu- factured goods and take something from the accumulated wealth of the nation. 142 BEMOCRATIC CA.^IPAIGN BOOK. Appropriations and Expenditures.— Reductions and Reforms. Expenses Retlnced $28,835,989.70. No Contrats Autl&orized to Batrdea Future Congresses. Sax Hundred Offices Abolislied. REMARKS OF HON. JOSEPH D. SAYERS, OF TEXAS, In the House of Representatives, Thursday, August 16, 1894. On the subject of appropriatious. Mr. SAYERS said : Mr. Speaker : The appropriations made during the extraordinary session and the first regular session of the present Congress, including permanent appropriations, show a reduction of §28,835,989.70 under the appropriations made at the last ses- sion of the last Congress ; and, deducting the amount of the river and harbor bill, $11,473,180, which should be dme for the purpose of comparison, inasmuch as no river and harbor bill was passed by the last Congress at its last session, the reduc- tion is $40,309,169.70. A tabular history of the appropriation bills, showing also the estimates submitted to this Congress and thv^ appropriations made at the last session of the last Congress, will be found in Table A, which I shall submit as a part of my remarks. The thii'teen regular annual appropriation bills, including the river and harbor bill, are grouped in the table so as to show the aggregates of the whole in the several stages through which they passed in the processes of legislation, from the estimates submitted UTitil their final enactment. The table shows — (1) That the bills, including deficiencies, as passed by the House, made a reduc- tion under the estimates submitted to Congress of $32,571,188.62. (2) That they were increased, as reported from committee to the Senate, $13,372,977.34. (3) That they were increased, as passed by the Senate, $16,225,997.62 ; and (4) That as tliey became laws, including miscellaneous, they appropriated less than the estimates, $29,994,471.20 ; more than as they passed the House, $9,370,- APPROPRIATIONS. 143 140.89 ; less tliau as they passed the Sonatxj, $3,855,8515.73 ; anl less than the laws for 1894, including permanent appropriations, $28,835,980.70. As compared with the laws passed at the last session of the last Congress, the following reductions are shown in the table : By the a-ricultural bill ^fi?9'7S'?n _■' , _ T\' hill uo^,/Ot>.lU By the^'IegislativeVetc/rbiur which "carries, in the main the great Vilarv list of the Government 9,V?m04 Bv the Military A ademybill.^... 14 949 780 00 Bvthe pension appropriation bill t'Sr 53510 BVth. sundry civil bai li'456 440 60 On accountof deficieiuies ...-. ;:"-;--V.-""-<;Vi"mn mn 'fn; ^"'^^'''**"-''" On account of permanent appropriations (inpluding $11,000,000 for sugar bounty, which is abolished, and $450,000 expenses under election laws that are repealed) 14,oJ3,oJd. J^ Total reduction $48,624,221.72 The bills showing increases over the last laws are as follows : The diplomatic and consular bill iS'SqIa The District of Columbia bill l?A'mQ m The fortification bill . lyt'lmu The Indian bill i99o'nn534 The naval bill qfe'X'^'S Postoflice bill •• if'rTq'TsOOO The river and harbor bill (total) ^^'^^o'^no 89 msceilaneous 29,00082 Total increase $19,788,232.02 Net reduction by all of the bills, including deficiencies and permanent appropria- tions, $28,835,989.70. THE NEW NAVY. The reconstriKtion of the Navy was begun a little more than eleven years ago. Durin<^ the period since March 3, 1883, flity modern vessels of all classes, now built or beinc built, have i)een authorized by acts of Congress. Toward their construc- tion eq°uipment, and armament there has been appropriated, including $9,955,025 in the naval bill at this session, the sum of $88,981,188.80. To finally complete, equip and arm them it is estimated that there wll yet have to be appropriated the further sum of $23,080,974.84, making a total of $112,062,163.64, which the new Navy as now authorized, will cost. Of these fifty new naval vessels, only three were 'authorized by the present Congress, and the thek total cost is limited to $450,000. PUBLit; BOILDINGS. Tue Fifty -first Congress authorized the construction of sixtv-nine new public b-iikhn'^s inc.uding three United States prisons, and extended the limit of cost of twenty-lihree buildings previously authorized to be constructed. The expense ot these new buildmgs was fixed at $16,946,639.54. Of this sum the Fiity-first Con- gress appropriated only $8,886,639.-54, leaving $8,060,000 to be provided by subse- quent Congresses. 144 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. The present Congress and the last Congress authorized the construction of no new pubUc buildings. CO>rPARISOX OF APPROPKIATIOXS. The appropriations made at the present and extraordinary session of Congress, as shown in the statement marked "Table B," and which I shall submit as part of my remarks, are : Less than the appropriations made at the last session of the last Congress by $28,835,989.70 Less than the appropriations ma:le at the first session of the last Congress by 16,931,819.20 Less than the appropriations made at the last session of the Fifty- first Congress by 50,555,491.78 Less than the appropriations made at the first session of the Fifty- first Congress by 3,787,879.14 And less than the estimates submilted by 29,994,471.20 The table referred to is compiled from the official records, including therein, for the Fifty-first Congress, expenditures under indefinite appropriations made by that Congress and under permanent appropriations authorized by sai I Congress after the estimates for permanent appropriations were submitted by the Secretary of the Treasury, all of which are fuily explained in foot notes to the table. APPROPRIATIOXS ENTAILED BY THE FIFTY-FIRST CONGRESS. In the statement marked "Table C" and submitted herewith there are shown appropriations made at this session and also by the Ffty -second Congress and by the Fifty -first Congress, pursuant to laws enacted during the Fifty-first Congress: This statement shows that of the appropriation made at this session, §65,723,- 441 92 were required under laws passed during the Fifty-first Congress ; that only 184,574,191.01 were appropriated by the first session of the Fifty-first Congress under those laws ; that of the appropriations uia le during the two sessions of the last Congress $175,736,618.79 were the result of those laws, and that only $127,309,- 111.68 were appropriated at both sessions of the Fifty -first Congress under those laws which it passed entailing such enormous obligations upon its successors. OFFICES ABOLISHED — SAL.VEIES REDUCED. During the present session of Congress the salaried list of the Government has been reduced by more than 600 in number and over $700,000 in annual cost, and more salaries have been reduced than in?reased. The Fifty-first Congress specifically added, net, to the salaried list of the Govern- ment 1,705 new offices, at a total annual cost of $2,048,350.82, and specifically in- creased, net, 1,214 salaries, at a total annial cost of $247,724.82. The Fifty-second Congress, exclusive of the authority to increase the enlistment of apprentice boys in the Xavy by 750, ad'ded, net, to the salaried list of the Gov- ernment, 158 new offi.-eiv, at a total annual cost of $134,790. The latter Congress, exclusive of the nominal increase which it authorized in the monthly pay of the station-keepers and surf men of the Life-Saving Service, and of the sergeants in the Army, reduced, net, 177 salaries, at an annual saving of $36,105. APPROPRIATIONS. 145 DIMINISHENG REVENUKS. The revenue of the Govermniiut from all sources, exchisive of postal recipts, which are dedicated solely to the postal service, have been, since and including tlie ascal year ending June 30, 1890, as follows : For fiscal year 1S90 §403,080,982.63 For fiscal year 1891 392,612,447.31 For fiscal year 1892 354,037,784.24 For fiscal year 1893 385,818,02>.78 For fiscal year 1894 296,960,336.00 XET ORDINARY EXPENDITURES. The net ordinary expenditures of the Government, including interest on the public debt, and exclusive of requirements of the sinking fund for the fiscal years 1886, 1887, and 1888, they constituting the three full years of Mr. Cleveland's for- mer administration, were as follows : 1886 ?267,932,179.97 1887 .• 267,924,801.13 1888 299,288,978.25 And for the fiscal years 1890, 1891, and 1892, they biing the three full years of Mr. Harrison's administration, such expenditures were as follows : 1890 $318,1)40,710 66 1891 365,773,935.35 1892 345,023,330.58 This vast difterence in the increase of expenditures of the three years la-^t named over those first given can only be attributed to a recklessness of appropriation and expenditure by the then dominant party. It is true that the regular annual appro- priations at the first session of the Fiftj'-first Congress for the fiscal year 1891 amounted to but §363,132,116.95, but when the amount of the permanent annual appropriations at the first session of that Congress, §131,324,131.70, being §32,448,- 224.41 greatt^r than for the year 1890, is considered, it may be readily seen in what the appropriations were made and the expenditures swollen by the Republican ad- ministration. From a constantly increasing expenditure and continual decreasing vevenues unquestionably resulted the serious and embarrassing condition of tha public Treasury when the present administration assumed control of the Govern- ment. .U6 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. o t> o o o CO 00 T-i m o OC' CC C-' rH O Co' ci l-*(NC<100n oq 05 rt m r-i r- !M lo IOO--C _ _ _ i O C2 QD C~ O IC CC O ocDc-icocrscsictMomioaD cOTjHx'cOTjiodr-^coddoidco ■*oqcoc-->nr^xxxi:-C5Xoo cooic-'T'CDmc^c^inininccco in ooTd' -sTin in*"—' cT^ d otfco" i-lXOO(MCOOOr?00-*CO(M ■Mt-'jinoQcac-^Tfcooo^inm co'co'rMin :) !M in X) c ^ § ' O CO CO O O Ci 05 c XNCOr^O^COXtMOCOOj - oi o CO CO in o o CO o Q0_ co' x oo' co' CO d d CO Tt! d m' d oi -iiT-iCOIr-'-iin.-iOO'HC-XOO ooo5coTt(-*.-iin>-i oj^in •* o o co' ?J c-1 ■-< oo' i-H d CO m' rH m' in CO coco-*xcocOi-iCOc-coo^(m;d (MCOcoco-*32coTtt3Dcococoro ciin i-Tin t> dc bit: Si t£ u ?>*i § APPROPRIATIONS. 147 i ! : ] 1 i i 1 i « o i ! oo' % i § i 1 1 ! •• I t : 1 i i s s ^ 7-1 P d 1 1 '\ i :i 3.2 y 1 i: '-1 1 = =.= 5 : 11 5 c -2 £? I III I 3 -o^ I 3 'S -"° cu o ass fS ! _ '3! d.S* o 'rt fc. * °-r-l & 2 2 "2 o ^'& ^ § J; D 3 3 i'-li O ;; i ~ C X fi^lei^^^ o 2 x ! -1 ^ r. lipids rf •^^ t: g, d ? 2 s 5#:*2§;z;S3 s-2 d S^jtlsS"^-^ £?:-= a 3 ^ 2 d §,o-d_:-s o g.3||||| - -t; -. -J ^ d Si 2 3 -i c-^ 3 !=i ^3 5 2'3 '''^ .'£-l-'i--'i. ~ tt ^ ^.«'S -. C-..C: c S 5.- 148 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. eo X 'xi c- o Oi ai X CT o lO o o o i rH o d -*>' x' OT -H X lO CO o" o ~' o tc ic" o o o X a~- in o ■--_ !M_^ o ^_ uT o_ ,-h t- i.-_^ ] tc o 0^avC^t-OC>J i^S oooOT-ioco>-i(Moom(N OC-OOiOCOXi-ICCXS5 O 3i ''S M lO <~ m' ^ — <■ -*•' ■<*! o TO ■* !M m -ti e o '-o c~ -^ lO «0 ■* CI O CT X O C:_ O^ « C>JC<:iO>-H^HinOCOOOOO cocm-^cixxTtir-i^oo OO"-* rH un''M'c-''-<' (m'o"'*' CO 55 ! o ^ •■o't-' in'o' >- cq I T-( oq t-rH I inio ^'x' CO O3^ = C~O^C-C0OOCi:iOCCO o-.cn LO QO O eq O 00 Oi CO O O I>;'0 o^ in OC X in 35 lo CO CO c-^ cj c-^ in ci cd x' ;c si m' ci a:a5rr1 C-. 'J* o 03 CI o -H 0-. r: -^ c^ -M o X ' CO — c-i x' -*' C-' -*' T*< o' CO O o >-i CO :o c ^' |Oxcc-;j;;^L^5 _ CO o--^ •;>. !-■:_ -p CO ,-;_ -3 c^j rini^ co' OS 5= -3 Siii c 'fj n Cj 'r^ a - ?- - a a a, Cj « X -s ri a 5 •: a CL • • '- p;_ ^ - c^ ^ ;a CT-. CO a EH X DO 2 i a r-: ^•'^ ■** HH ^ H cC «■ ^ _5 •^ t; Si; Vi< 05 .- 0, -C •^ X C ^ APPROPRIATIONS. 149 I iii ceo => o c OO! fe §^s S1 fe ;-! ir- fe « ^ - r- _^ 5 s 1 :^ § i o cq o o o c ~ o o o c S 21 rt C -H CT to = C^ r-H O Ci C o m o J c; -J o > X 05 I^ }-«r s ^ o s o o g o' §~§ § T^x ®, X §i8i 2 500 000 500 (120 2 5 ?t ^ Ct 5C ..xcg 1 5§85 § 500 000 500 6'20 1 §oSS§ § 55§ 9 5 ego ::; o ic in TfT >0 x'rH X ^ C-C2 O o c: c~ cs'x' 8. § § i o ^ o o ~- o ■=>' r^ ®' g§ c~ Xi aa m^ ^ -X> to CD ce ; »-H C<1 05 C> 5 3 o o 150 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOR. ECONOMY AND EFFICIENCY Reorganization of the Executive Departments and Im- provement of Business Methods Therein. After the election of Mr. Cleveland a law was passed by the last Congress at its last session, at the instance of Hon. A. M. Dockery, a Representative from Missouri, creating a joint commission of Congress to improve the methods of business in. the Executive Departments at Washington and to reduce expenditures therein. The commission as constituted consisted of Represent;; tive A. M. Dockery, .J. D. Richardson, and Nelson Dingley, Jr., on the part of the House of Representatives, ■ and Senators F. M. Cockrell, J. K. Jones, and S. M. Cullorn. They set about their labors immediately after their appointment and the inauguration of Mr. Cleveland. The first result of their work was the preparation, by competent persons, of a compilation of references to law s creating the Executive Departments and the sev- eral Bureaus and offices thereof, and other Government establishments at the Na- tional Capital; the creation of all officers therein, and their salaries as fixed from time to time. This work was the first of its character ever attempted — it was printed both as a House and a Senate report of Congress, and has already proved of inesti- mable value. Next followed from the commission a comprehensive census of all the officers and employees of the Government at Washington. A genei-al summary of this report discloses the fact that the Executive Departments and other establishments at the National Capital are divided into 136 offices or bu- reaus and 498 divisions ; that there are 17,599 per.-ions employed therein, 11,667 males and 5,6:37 females; that of this number employed in the Executive Departments, the Department of Labor, Civil Service Commission, and Fish Commission, which are under the civil service law, S,027 are in the class subject to competitive civil ser- vice examination p.eliminary to appointment, and 3,265 of that number entered the service after such examination; the residue, 4,762, were employed in the de- partnients at the time they were classified and placed under the civil service law- by executive ordei ; that the ages of those employed, stated in multiples of five ^ years, range from 20 years to 90 years, and the length of sei'vice of all employees ranges from one year to sixty years each; and that of the whole number employed, 5,610 have from one to nine relatives eacli in tli ■ Government serviLe at Wash- ington. One of the great evils which for years had attracted public attention was the costly errors occuring more or less at every session of Congress in the enrollment of bills, enacted by that holy; the system in vogue, of writing, by hand, every bill after final enactment had been lian led down since the foundation of t!ie Govemiuent. The commission corresponded with all of tiie leading foreign gov- ECONOMY AXD EFFICIENCY. 151 ernments. and after a careful study of their several jsysteuis recommended and Congress adopted a method by which every act of Congress is required to be printed in clear t\ pe before presenting to the President for approval. This facilitates the careful examination of all acts and reduces to a minimum the possibility of making the mistakes which in the past have cost the country millions in revenue and expenditures. The first of the seven laws enacted thus far on the recommendation of the com- mission was approved January 22, 1894. It regulates the methods of making returns of money deposited by postmasters, and will save at least a month in the hitherto slow process of settling postmasters' acccounts and holding them accountable for public furds. The next law enacted on the recommendation of the commission prescribes a uni- form method of advertising for and purchasing supplies for the Government service in Washington. Under the old sy-tem each department purchased in itsown way, according to its needs, and without reference to prices paid for, or quality of arti- cles procured by other departments. Under the new law each department will be advised of the prices and quality of all ar icles offered to the others, and business men are afforded an opportunity of making at one time offers for supplying articles for all of the departments instead of to only one as heretofore. Already the first letting of contracts under the new law shows large reductions on all supplies, and the indications are that the saving to the Government will amount to at least $100,- 000 during the year. On the 27th of January, 1894, another law was passed at the instance of the com- mission to improve the methods of accounting in the Post Otfice Department. It makes a direct annual reduction of $52,515.00 in expenditures, abolishes the postal note, established a new money order ystem, and reduces the cost of money or- ders to the people from 2 to 15 cents on each order above $15 00. This law also provides for turning into the Treasury the amount of all unpaid money orders and postal notes more than one year old. This provision of the law will cover into the Treasury for use as current revenue possibly $2,500,000, now lying idly in the sub-treasury at New York. On Maich 29, 1894, another bill prepared by the commission became a law abolishing a useless report required from the Treasurer costing annually not less than $8,500. On the same day ano her of their bills was enacted into law regulating the mak- ing of property returns by Government ofiice.s at an annual saving of $15,000. On the Post Office appropriation act, a provision was enacted on the recommen- dation of the commission for the disposition of old money orders, and will save to the country annually in expenses of storage and handling $10,000. On the great salary appropriation act of the Government for the next fiscal year, approved July 31, 1894, there is enacted provisions of law, recommended by the commission, completely reorganizing the methods of accounting in the Treasury Department. This new law brings to the service of the Government the host de- vices and methods known to the modern business world, tor the protection oi its interests in the settlement each year of accounts for the hundreds of millions of its revenue and disbursements. The new system provided by this law will be operated with 186 less ofiScials and clerks and at an annual reduction of cost of $235,000 under the old methods. On the recommendation of the commission new regulations have been adopted 152 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. in the Treasury Department changing the old form of the Treasury warrant which will result in an annual saving of $6,000. The Treasury and Post Office Departments have also taken action, at the request of the commis-fion, discontinuing certain useless statistics relating to international money orders that will save annually $10,000. The work already accomplished by the commission, to say nothing of that which it has under advisement and in course of preparation for presentation at the next session of Congress for legislative action, will save annually to the Government not less than $437,015.00. SAVING IX THE WAR DEPARTMENT. Under the business methods adopted by the Secretarj- of War the number of clerks in that department has been reduced from 1,348 to 965. The aggregate of the salaries of the clerks whose services were dispensed with was $452,800. This reduction in the clerical force permitted reductions in other items of expenditure directly connected with the business of the department. A reduction of nearly 10 per cent in the number of commissioned officers of the Army on duty io Washing- ton a year ago has been made. It is safe to say thit the total savings in this department alone from the reform inaugurated will exceed a half million of dollars. r»IPLO\rATIC RELATIONS. 153 DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. The Foreign Policies of Republican and Democratic Administrations Compared. The adrainistmtionof our foreign relations during Mr. Hani son's incumbency forms a record in which no true American can take a just pride. From the earhest days of our history as a nation the policy of non-entangling alliances and non-interference with the affair^ of foreign powers has been accepted by all parties as essential, not only to the preservation of our system of Governmeiit, but, as an example lo other nations of the lofty principles which should animate and control the civilized people of the world in their relations towar is each other. To the maintenance ol' this principle and tlie fidelity with which it has been adhered to, in the face of great temptation, we are largely indebted for the preser- vation, the growth and the grandeur of our institutions, and it will be a sad day for the American people when they abandon it for the "jingoism" which charac- terized the acts of the last Republican administration. SAMOAN ISLANDS. The treaty entered into by our Government with Germany and Great Britain in 1889 relative to the government of the Samoan Islands was such a palpable depar- ture from t le accepted policies that should control our relations with foreign powers as to merit the severest rebuke from all parties. In a recent report to the Senate (see Ex. doc. 93) Mr. Gresham, Secr^-tary of State, in discussing the provisions of this treaty, said : A period of almost five y^ars having elapsed since the conclusion of the general act of Berlin, th:" present occasion is not inappropriate for a review of its results. Such a review, however, would hardly be intelligible without some consideration of the events that preceded the tr.^aty. In order that the subject may be fully comprehended, it will be necessary to pre-ent a general survey of our relations to Samoa, both befoiv and sinc^ the conclusion of the general act, and to exhibit tha policy we have pursue I toward the island--, b^th in respict of its character and its results. This duty is especially important, since it is m our relations to Samoa that we have made the first departure from our tradition d and well-established policy of avoiding entangling a'liances with foreign powers in relation to objects remote from this hemispliere. Like all other human transa.'tons, the wisdom of that departure must be tested by its fruits. If the departure was justified there must be some evidence ('f detriment suffered before its adoption, or of advantage sine ' gained, to demonstrate the fa -t. If no such evidence can be found we are ccjufronted with the serious responsibility of having without sufficient grounds, imperiled a policy which is not only coeval with our Government, but to which may, in great measure, be a-^crilDed the peace, the prosperity, and the moral influence of t .e United States. Every nation, and especially every" srong nation, must sometimes be conscious of an iinpulse to rush into difficult es that do not concern it, except in a highly imaginary way. To restrain the indulgence of such a propensity is not only the 154 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. part of wisdom, but a duty we owe to the world as an exiinple of the strength, the moderation, and the beneficence of popular government. That our citizens had no material interests in jeopardy in Samoa, and that the assumption, financial or otherwise, of any obligations upon the part of our Gov- ernment to assist in supporting and sustaining any form of government there was wholly gratuitous and liable to involve us in needless complications no one can gain- say. By the treaty the three parties recognized the independence and neutrality of the islands and stipulated for the provisional recognition of Malietoa Laupepa as King, and provided for the establishment of a government, the chief feature of which was a Supreme Court, composed of one judge, to be nominated by the treaty powers, and styled Chief Justice of Samoa. The Chief Justice was clothed with both appellate and original jurisdiction and his decisions made final. His salary was fixed at §6,000 a year in gold, to be paid the first year in equal proportions by the treaty powers and afterwards out of the revenues' of the Samoan Government, with a proviso that ii any deficiency should occur the same should be made good by the treaty powers. After the Supreme Court, was pi'ovided a local government for the municipal district of Apia. Of this government the principal organ was a munici- pal council composed of six members and a President ; the President to be selected through the instrumentality of the treaty powers and receive an annual compensa- tion of $5,000, 'o be paid the first year, in equal shares, by the treaty powers, and afterwards out of the Samoan revenues assigned to the use of the municipality. Many other provisions and stipulations are contained in the treaty, bitt these are sufficient to show the nature of the same and the obligations that our Government entered into to restore a semi-barbarous King to his throne and to set up a govern- ment over a semi-civilized people in a distant and insignificant island in which we had no interest. The complications in which we are likely to become involved by this extraordi- nary treaty is strikingly illustrated by the Secretary in his report. He says: As early as 1801 some of the natives, under the lead of Mataafa, began to betray rebellious symptoms of even a more pronounced character. In a dispatch of De- cember 6, 1892, Mr. Blacklock, the consul of the Ignited States at Apia, in report- ing upon the condition of affairs that had prevailed in the islands for a year prior to that date, said: "Ever since Mataafa' s establishment at Malie he has endeavored to gather strength and there is not the slightest doubt had he been successful in getting suffi- cient following he would have made war upon Malietoa ; he has done everything in opposing the Government except making war; he has defied its courts, obstructed its officials in the execution of their duties, harbored refugees from justice, succored and supported prisoners escaped from prison, and at the present moment is living in open defiance of the king and government and all the laws of the country, keep- ing up an armed force and plundering foreigners' plantations for subsistence. Time and again have white officials who went to Malie with warrants for the arrest of of- fenders been driven away by Mataafa's soldiers and warned against attempting any arrest under penalty of death. ' ' This condition of things continued with increasing aggravation till July, 1893, when war actually broke out. The treaty powers were now compelled actively to intervene with their naval foices in order to keep Malietoa on the throne. In the end it became necessary to disperse the insurgents and to deport .Mataafa and ele\'en other chiefs to another island, where they have since been kept at the joint expense of the three powers. It appears, therefore, that we have by this treaty assumed not only a share of the expenses in maintaining tlie government provided by its provisions, but are ob- DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. 155 ligated to aid iii defending the same against the insurrections of its rebellicis sub- jects. What interest we had in t!ie people of Samoa, or what benefits v/ere to ac- crue to u-s from the arrangement, we are l"ft to conjecture, as none have ever be- come visible. Only i-ecentiy the governments of Greit Britain and Germ ny have been forced to send a naval fofce to Samoa to subdue the rebellious M taafa and his followers. It is a matter of supreme satisfaction that our Government did not assume to carry out her p-art of th.^ agreement, but has abandoned th.e same. oL'K rf:latioxs with chili. The etf rts of Mr. Harrison's administration to precepitate a war with the Chilian people and (he underlying causes which led to the bitter hostility mani- fested by them towa ds (jur repre.sentatives and sailors was one of the most disreputible transactions in which our Government was forced to take part. The true history of this controversy has never been fully dis- closed. A comprehensive s'.atement of the troubles which arose in Chili in 1891 and 1892 is necessary to a perfect understa iding of the question. The power of the president of Chili was very great. His patronage was enormous, embracing not only the general civil service but local otiices, except in the municipalities, and all ap- pointments to the army and navy and in the telegraph and railroad service and the giving out of contracts. He was always able to dictate his successor. The only check to his nfluence aid power was the custom which required him to choose his minis- ters from the dominant element in Congress and to dismiss them after a vote of censure. Congress could withh )ld supplies and had the power to fix, in the an- nual bill, the forces on land and sea. These res raints compelled the President to act in harmony with the majority in Congress. Balmaceda was exceedingly popu- lar at the time of his election as President, but later broke with the majority and selected a cabinet of his own choice regardless of the sentimants of Congress. The breach began to widen and continued to become more antagonistic until finally Congress held an extraordinary session, at which the members sign d an act declaring the President unworthy of hispostandnolongerchief of theStateor President of the Republic, becaus • he had violated the Constitution and was guilty of treason. Balmaceda attempted to forestall the action of Congre.ss by issuing a mani- festo and assuming virtual dictatorship. The congressional party was backed by the land-holders, the wealth, the clergy and the foreign elements and had secured the co-opn-ation of the fleet. The President had command of the standing ar.ny and charge of th^ funds in the treasury. Balm.iceda having assumed a militarj' dicta- torship, declared the whole country under martial law. The most rigorous meas- ures were pursued by him. The farms and estates of the Congressionalists were pillaged, their crops burned and their houses sacked. Newspapers were oppressed; men of social position were bastinadoed to compel them to reveal the hiding places of political refugees; pris )n3 were choked with persons prominent in social, profes- sional and comme cial circles. Mr. Patrick Egan, then our Minister to Chili, and Mr W. B. McCreery, our Consul at Valparaiso, instead of maintaining a strict neu- trality in such a delicate situation, became ardent sympathizers with and strong supporters of Balmaceda. AMiy it was ihat our representatives studiously misrep- resented the true situati n and labored to mislead our own as well as the people of other governments as to the final resu t, is perfectly clear when their real purposes and objects are understood. The true inwardness of their c longer trusted the Consul's word he got him to sign and leave the notification in his pos- session as a guarantee. Tuis transaction when clo-ed netted a gain o ' $1,870, which Mr. N. concluded to keep as again ^t the $7,409, and so handed in a statement to that efiect. This called f jrth the letter reproduced, yet Consul McCreery has never made good his threat. He probably intends to wait until he leaves, when he will make out a power of attorney to some one authorizing him to present the claim. Meanwhile Mr. N.'s books conclusively show the truth of his statement, but he has no redress at law, since then h- did not think it necessary to secure 3Ir. McCreery' s signature, which legally is the only evidence of such trans ictions. * * * * * * ~ -jf However, were this m rely a question of exchange transactions and complicat ons I wou'd never have touched it. In fact only on February 11, 1892, did this come to my knowledge ; whereas, on December 7, 1891, when war threatened, I cabled about these speculations in order to throw discredit on the reliability of afficials whose course was manifestly intended to bring a ruptui-e between the two countries. It is because I believe that x'lf-iiUtMf t prrn.-ipted the conr<" of Minister Egan and Consul McCreery, and becau^ ■ i\v.' attitule of tli^^ L'uited States (4overnin-nt wa^*, in c >nse- quence of their misrepresentations, one of great injisti.'eti Chili an 1 ihoroighly discreditable to the traditions and impulses of your great country and juMiplc that I have taken up the matter s . eai'nestly. The magnitude of the Consul'^ tiansactions make it unlikely that he went into them alone. Besides it is undeniable iliat lie was in constant communicatictn with ^Mr. Eaganby letter and telephone; that he was our best source of information during the revolution; that activity on his part betokened news favirable or unfavorable to the Congress'anal arms which was sure to come out sliortly after news of heavy exchange transactions. Thc^re are other things which tend to impjicate Mr. E^an in the.se exchange deal-;, though I frankly own that his shrewdness has made it impossible for me to get any proof against him. On the other hand his family interest in Balmaceda' s success is und -niable, and further on I will refer to facts which prove his bad faith through )Ut and sine > the revolution. I return to exchange. During the early naonths of the uprising ]Mr. Egan' s news to Consul McCreery was invaluable to him and a basis for sure operations. At any DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. 157 rate he then made gains^right along for every lu.iil. I have furniiiliiHl proof tliat liia profits were on Februarv 18, 1891 $I1,735.<.« March 4, 1891 2,014.70 March 18, 1891 12,240.19 April 1, 1891 2,808.9,-) April 18, 1891 •. 1,8(54.04 April 29, 1891 5,707.44 Total $36,431.25 After the definite occupation of Tarapaca by the Revolutionary forces, and the sinking of the Blanco Encalad'>, things did not pay so well. During May the Consul was losing heivily. For the European mail of May 13, 1891, lie had bought £31,0)) in various am :)unts and rates for $463,797.44, "and had be mi com- pelled to se!l for onlv §453,834.80. Loss $9,953.64, making a total loss through Mr. Nfrckelm.in alone of' $21,644.49. AVhen the May 13th losses were looming up, the ItaJ-a appeared in San Diego. The Consul might effectively prevent her sailing widi or for the arms. On May 7, he went to the Intendencia (Covernor's office) heard a few questions pro- pounded to the Directors of the South American S. S. Co., and then and there in ink signed a dispatch drawn up in lead pencil addressed to Secretary Bla ne, aiming at the seizure of the Itata by the United States Government. "Further, that cable, not in his handwriting, was sent to the State telegraph office by Intendente Viel. From there it wa< transferred to tlie Transandine Telegraph Co., to ba forwarded ; but mark you " at the expense of the Intendente Veil." An official message of the United .States Government written probably by interested parties, not by the Consul ; emanat ng not from the Consulate, but from the Governor's dispatching ; sent not by the United States Consul, but by the Dictator's sa.ellite ; paid for with money stolen from the people of Chili. This is true, and yet it is not the only in- stance when an official cable to your Government was paid for by other than the proper parties. The object of the Itata cable was to assist Balmaceda and also because the Consul knew that failure to secure arms would drive exchange down. Other inter- est in the Dictator's success he may also have had. Mr. Egan's son certainly had ; and hence one is not surprised to find that the Hon. Patrick Egan sought to give Balmaceda a cable line to Callao to further his ends ; that he cabled his urgent request for the sale of a cruiser, that he repeatedly asserts the perfect order mi\in- tained through terrorism. Hogging, incarceration and assassination ; that he sought by silence to lead the U. S. Government to believe in the legality of a Congress designated by the farce of an election ; that he heralds the una-iimity with wdiich the would-be Presidential candidate was designated ; that he is careful to correct false as.sertions sent by cable only by letter, etc. Minister Egan and Consul McCreery, whose motives you may gather from the foregoing, succeeded aduiirably in making Admirals McCann and Brown, Capts. Schley and Evans, and others of the Navy take their cue from them. A gentleman from Santiago told me that 3Ir. Egan, when they were cut off from Valparaiso, assured him the U. S. (jovernment would get the first news of effective movements because he had advised Admiral Brown to watch the fieet and report. He certainly did. On the afternoon of August liOth he ran out to Quinteros and came back Hying. He at once sent an officer to cable his cipher message to Wash- ington. That officer, H. G. L. Dyer, at the same time handed in to the Central & South American Telegraph C'j., a dispatch for the X. Y. Herald (which must have been read by the Intendente, since it bears his signature '"O. Viel" as a countersign to allow of its being forwarded ), giving in plain English, which he thor- oughly understood, the results of the San Francisco's observations. * * * On the strength of that news trjo:.s were hurried out of Concon, a bli>oily battle fol- lowed, but owing to its severity could not be fol owed up \fy tlie t'ungressionalists, and so a second great sacrifice was made necessary in Piacilla. This s "cund carnage would have been avoided liad the attacking party Ijeen able to re ic!i chu railroad line to prevent th^ incoming of troops from San iigoand tlie S)ut!i, as \mi for the San Francisco's news would have happened. The 1,460 men killed in Piacilla di- 158 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. rectly owe their death to t'le int-erference of the U. S. Navy; indirectly, I beheve, to the prv-sence of such unworthy representatives as you have had here in ^Minister Egan and Consul ^IcCreery. After reatling the foregoing no one will be sui-prised that the people of Chili felt sorely aggrieved at our representatives and our people, and in their excitement made an unwarranted assault upon the crew of the Baltimore at Valparaiso. At- torney General Miller, in obedience to th? dictates of Egan and McCreery ordered the seizure of the Itata in San Deigo harbor when he knew or ought to have knovrn that she had in nowise violated our laws of neutralitj'. It was done to pre- vent her from carrying the arms and ammunition which were on board the Robert and ]\Iinnie, to the Congressional forces. This disgmceful record, however, did not end here. The final action of President Harrison was a fitting conclusion and ample proof that he was anxious to uphold the Dictator if he could only find an excuse that would give him the popular sup- port of the people. His share in this transaction was clearly set forth in the Dem- ocratic text book of 1S92, as follows : Harrison's " just-ix-time" mess.\ge. The closing chapter in the story of the Baltimore episode must be read by every American with a feelmg of shame that th^ Chief Executive of this Great Republic could have been induced for the furtherance of his own political ambition to resort to such measures fo.- the humiliation of a weak and almost defenseless neighboring power. President Harrison and his advisers were fully informel as to the diflSculties in tiie way of overcoming popular prejudice with which the new government of Chili was laboring in the efibn to bring about a satisfactory termination of the contro- versy. President Montt's friendly attitude had been demonstrated in a hundred difierent ways and there was no possible doubt as to the outcome of the incident. Secretary Blaine was confident that the affair would be amicably settled \\ ithin a few days, and in justice to him it should be said he took n;i part in urging upon the President the necessity for immediate action. In this situation of affairs, the President, on January 21, forward d to the Chilian Government t 1 rough Minister Egan his famous " ultimatum," in which iie de- clared that imle.-s the offensive parts of the dispatch of December 11, embracing Chili's defense of her attitude, were not " at once withdrawn and a suitable apology offered," he would have no other cours:- open to him " except to term nUe dip- lomatic relations with the government of Chili." Various other vague threats were conveyed in this documant, which was axbled entire to Minister E-an, with instructions to " furnish to the Minister of Foreign Atiairs a full copy of this note." Minister Egan did not deliver the ultimatum at the foreign office in Santiago until the 2:-5d. Answer was at once made asking for two days' delay in replying — *'. r., until -Mo iday — as President Montt was absent in the mountains. President Harrison did not wait even for the Chilian authorities to read the ultiniatum. He at once s t to work upon an incendiary m 'ssage to Congress, to b accompanied by such correspond^n:;^ as ha saw fit to make public at the time. The message has been well describ?d as " an Indianapolis brief in a suit for damages, rather than a» diplomatic state paper." It was studiously insulting to the Chilians from iii-st to hist. It insisted that the attack on the sailors' of the Baltimore was :.n expression of general Chilian hostiliiy to the United States, in spite of t!ie solemn disavowals of the Chilian (Government. It treated the find- DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. 159 ings of the Chilian courts as unworthy of credit, and the assertions of the Chilian officials as unworthy of belief. It declared tlie President's conviction that the Chilian Government did not intend to take any steps toward making prop >r re- paration for the assault upon the sailors and the insult to the American liag. This message was s^'nt to Cor.gress early Monday morning, just four days after tlie ultimatum had b^en dispatched to Minister Egan. It was read in both Houses of Congress amid absolute silence, and was followed with the closest attention by Senators and Kepi'esentatives and by thousands of citizens who crowded the gal- leries, to learn from the President's own w'ords the exact measure of the peril to the countrj-'s peace. When the reading had been concluded, both Houses ad- journed, in order to give time for pi'oper consideration of the matter before taking action in compliance with the President's recommendations. In the hours that followed, leading men of both parties expressed their willingness to stand by the President in any measures necessary to pre erve the honor of the nation. The newspapers througliout the country the next morning printed the President's message in full and copious extracts from the correspondence. The situation was generally believed to be very grave. Then came the cra.«h. It became known that before noon of Monday a full and ample apology hid been received from the Chilian Government, including an offer ^o leave the question of repai-ation to the Supreme Court of the United States; and, in addition, the shameful fact was made public that this communication had been received at the State Department even before the President's Message was read in Congress. A semi-official explanation of the facts in connection with the receipt of the apology was made at the White House, and was to the eflect that the mes- sage was received "too late to have a tran.slation made"befor- the convening of Congress. But these statements and other similnr expla'.iations subsequently offered de- ceived no on-. The facts stood clearly revealed. In general public estimation, the Pr sident's action in deliberately suggesting to Congress the making war on a weak antsgonist, without asking, up to the latest moment, whether an apology had been received, constituted a fitting close to a controversy carried on by the Administration in such a manner as to place the United States in an unenviable attitude before the public opinion of the the world. What a record is here presented. The Government of the United States attempt- ing to defeat the efforts of the people of a sister republic to overthrow a cruel despot, recove r their liberties and restore their government, at tlie instigation of a minister, whose son had large government contracts at stake and a consul whose profits on exchange were dependent upon the result. HAWAIIAN- ISLANDS. The record of the Piepublican administration 'n its relation with the government of Hawaii was still more reprehensible. The facts relative to our dipl nnatic dealings with this government were tersely and clearly stated by the Hon. 'James B. McCreary of Kent icky, chairman of the Conmiittee on Foreign Kelations, in a speeeh in the House of Representatives on February 1, 18aturdayand ap- pointed a com 1 litter of safety, consisting of thirteen persons, seven of whom were aliens — four being Americans, two Englishmen, and one German. And under the management of this committee of safety, a mass meeting of citizens was held on Monday, the 16th of January, which simply protested against the queen's illegal purpose and denounced her effort to proclaim a new constitution, without saying anything with regard to the establishment of a provisional government and the overthrow of the exi-ting government. At the same time this meeting was being held another meeting was in session, which was largely attended, and which passed resolutions expressing gratification as to the queen's conduct in abandoning her purpose to proclaim a new constitution and declaring she would seek a new constitution only according to the methods prescribed in the existing instrument. Immediately after the public meeting held under the auspices of the committee of safety on Monday evening had adjourned, that committee held a meeting and resolved that "a provisional government be created to exist until terms of union with the United States had been negotiated and agreed upon," and at the same time addressed a letter to Minister Stevens, in which they said: " We are unable to protect ourselves without aid, and therefore pray for the protection of the United States fore -s." * * * ♦ * * ^ Mr. Speaker, after the letter appealing for the protection of the United States forces was sent by the committee of safety to Minister Stevens, that committee be- came so panic-stricken because of thei action that they sent thre-of the committee to see Minister Stevens and requested him not to land the United States forces until the next morning, but he told them the troops had been ordered to land and whether the committee is ready or not they shall land this evening. ******* It appears that on Monday, the 16th of January, 1893, between 4 and 5 o'clock in the aftemcon, by request of' Minister Stevens, when the peace and quiet of Hono- lulu ^vere undisturbed, and no riot had occurred, nor was imminent, and the peo- ple were attending to their usual avocations, and the lives and property of Ameri- cans were not threatened nor in Jeopardy, and not an armed man was seen on the streets, the commander of the United States ship Boston landed a force of armed soldiers, with two Gatling guns, and stationed the main body of his soldiers in a hall previously secured by Minister Stevens across the street and only 76 yards froi the Government buildings, and in plain view of the Queen's palace. A British war ship and a Japanese war ship were anchored in the harbor near Honolulu, and although there were 12,000 Japanese and 1,300 English people on the islands, these ships did not land a soldier, and th re was no request either bj' the Br'tish minister or the Japanese minister for soldiers to be landed. At the time the naval force was used by Minister Stevens to overthrow the con- stitutional government of a friendly power, the United States Congress was in ses- sion, but no authority to use force was asked and none was granted. ****** * I submit also at this point the evidence of Mr. W. F. Wunderburg, who was offered the position of coUector-genereal of custonis under tlie Provisional Govern- iTient : The committee nf safety met at the office of W. 0. Smith in Fort street, Honu- lulu, at about 4 o'clock iii the afternoon of Monday, the l(>th day of January, 1893, for the purj ose of discussing the necessary steps to be taken in forming a new gov- ernment. Shortly after the committee met it was decided tliat they were not ready for the landing of the American troops, and a committee of three, with Thurston as the chairman, was immediately dispatched to the American legation to prevail upon DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. 161 Ir. Stevens to delay the landing of the Boston's men. The committee returned tiortly and reported that Mr. Stevens had sai I to them : "Gentlemen, the troops f the Jjostou land this afternoon at 5 o'clock, whether yon are ready or not." The foregoing rep rt of IMr. Stevens's reply to the committe is as near literal as an be remeinbend, and gives a corr ct idea of the meaning conveyed. The coni- litt 'e of safety adjourned to meet the same evening, at 7:oO o'clnck, at the house f I Iciiry Waterhonse, in Nuuanu Valley. The American troops landed at 5 o'clock, s ]\Ir. Stevens had told the committee "they would, and marched up Fort street to lerchant, and along Merchant street, halting m King stivet, between the palace nd Government building. At the time the men landed the town was perfectly quiet, business hours were bout over, and the peopl. — men, womim, and children — were in the streets, and othhig unusual was to be seen except the landing of a formidable armed force with ratling guns, evidently fully prepared to remain on shore for an indefinite length f time, as the men were supplied with double cartridge belts filled with ammuni- ion also haversacks and canteens, and were attended by a hospital corps with tretchi'rs and medical supplies. The curiosity of t e people on the streets was roused, and the voungsters, more particularly, followed the troops to see what it ras all about. Nobody seemed to know, so when the troops found quarters the lopulace dispersed, the most of them going to the band concert at the hotel, which ras very fully attended, as it was a beautiful moonlight evening, all who were not n the secret still wondering at the military demonstration, Mr. Speaker, the n^xt act in the annexation scheme was easily and quickly •resented. The United States soldiers being favorably stationed, on the next [ay, Tuesday, the 17th day of January, the committee of safety selected ten if their number to attendto the business. They, by diflferent routes, between . and 2 o'clock in the afternoon, proceeded to the government building, which vas unoccupied, to proclaim the new government ; and an American citi- en, who had only been in Honolulu nine months, read the proclamation from he steps of the government building, almost without hearers; but the United States marines, with rifles and artillery, were only 76 yards away. Within an lOur after the proclamation was read United States IMinister Stevens recognized the Provisional Government, although the barracks and the police station were still in )ossession of the Queen's forces. The Queen, on being informed by one of the leaders and by members of her cabi- let of what had been done in the presence of United States soldiers, yielded to the luperior forces, and sent her protest to the Provisional Government and appealed o the United States Government for justice, as follows: " I, Liliuokalani, by the grace of God and under the Constitution of the Hawaii m Kingdom, Queen, do hereby solemnly protest against any and all acts done igainst myself and the constitutional Government of the Hawaiian Kingdom by ;ertain persons claiming to have estabUshed a Provisional Government of and for .his kingdom. " That I yield to the superior force of the United States of America, whose min- ster plenipotentiary. His Excellency John L. Stevens, has caused United States iroops to be landed at Honolulu and declared that he would support the said Pro- visional Government. " Now, to avoid any collision of armed forces and perhaps the loss of life, I do mder this protest, and impelled by said force, yield my authority until such time IS th ' (iovernment of the United States shall, upon the facts being presented to it, ando the action of its representatives and reinstate me in the authority which I ;lahn as the constitutional sovereign of the Hawaiian Island^. "Done at Honolulu this 17th day of January, A. D. 1S93. "LILRJOKALANI, R. "SAMUEL PARKER, '*Minif!tn- of Foreign Affairs. "WM. H. CORN WELL, " AMinistt'r of Finance. "JNO. F. COLBURN, "Minister of the Interior. "A, P. PETERSON, * ' Attorney-General. ' ' 162 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. A protectorate was declared by ^Minister Stevens of the islands in the name of the United States, and the flag of the United States was hoisted over the Gov'ernment building, and in two days after the Provisional Government was declared, annexa- tion commissioners sailed from Honolulu to Washington. If there was ever a transaction that in all its attending circumstances was sn>i)i- cious, illegal, and indicative of intrigue it was this annexation scheme. If thi re was ever a just and proper executive act it was the withdrawal from the Senate < if the proposed annexation treaty by President Cl'?veland for further examination and consideration. * * -s- * * * -li- lt has never been the practice of our Government to recognize revolutionary gov- ernnu-nts until they were supported by the people. For illustration of this practice, I need only refer to two recent cases. When the revolution in Brazil occurr d in 1889, our Minister was instructed to recognize the Republic, "so soon as a majority of the people of Brazil should h ive signitied their assent to its establishment and maintenance;" and dimng the revolution in Chili in 1891, our Minister was di- rected to "recognize the new government if it w'as accepted by the people." Even in hurope, when it was proposed that the provinces of Savoy and Nice, which had for years belonged to the Italian Kingdom, should be ceded to France, it was ex- pressly provided that the assent of the people should be obtained before annexation to France should occur, and under a piebescite a very full vote was polled, and a very larg.- majority of the electors voted in each of the two proraic 8 for annex- ation, before it was consummated. When the constitutional government of Hawaiia was overthrowTi the citizens of Honolulu did not know what was transpiring, and the thousands of pexjple who in- habit the othtr islands did not hear what had occurred until several daj'S afterward; and it is known beyond doubt that a very large majority of the people of the Ha- waiian Islands, having the right to vote under the constitution of 1887, never av- ored and do not now favor the Provisional Government or the proposed annexation ot the United States, nor to any other country. This extraordinary summary makes conspicuous not a revolution, but a conspir- acy. There was no evidence of a wide-spread discontent or dissatisfaction with the existing government, and there was no popular uprising against the head of the government. The people did not .seem to be in the movement, and the public meeting which was held on the 16th of January was not to declare in favor of the provisional gov rnment, but to oppose the promulgation of the new constitution. In its mception, progress, and consummatioii the entire affair seems to have been a conspiracy dn the part of a few for, igners, against the people as well as the govern- ment of Hawaii, and in their work they wei-e aided and supported by the American Minister and the naval forces of the United States, their object being to get posses- sion of tlie government, and to annex the islands to the United States. The conduct of Minister Stevens shows con.^picuously that nearly one year before the eventful period when he hoisted the flag of the United States at Honolulu and proclaimed a i^rotectorate, he was studying annexation quite as closely as he was diplomatic duty. As far back as the 8th day of March, 1892, in a letter addressed to the Secretary of State, after referring to the possibility that the existing Govern- ment of HaAvaii might be overturned by an orderly and peaceful revolution, he said : "I desire to know how far the present Mini.ster and naval commander may deviate from established ii ternational rules and precedents in the contingency indi- cated in the flr,-t part of this dispatch." On the 19th day of November, 1892, about tw'o months before the movement looking to the subversion of the Hawaiian Government was made, and annexation to the United States attempted, in a long letter to the Secretary of State he refers to the loss of the owners of sugar plantations and mills in the Hawaiian Islands, aitd the depreciation of other property caused by the passage of the McICinley bill, and declared as follows : "Unless some positive measure of relief be granted, the depreciation of 'sugar property here will continue to go on. Wise, bold action of the United State's will rescue the property holders from great loss. * * * One of two courses seems absolutely necessary to be followed : Either bold and vigorous measures for annex- ation, or a 'customs union ' and an ocean cable from the California coast to Hono- DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS. 163 * lulu ( ir Pearl Ilai-bor, properly ceded to the United States, with an implied but not nece.ssarih- stipulated American protectorate over the islands." He reached his climax on the 1st day of February, IS!):;, when he wrote to tho State Department : " The Hawaiian pear is now tully ripe, and this is the golden hour for the United States to pluck it." Wlien Mr. Cleveland assumed for the second time his high office, he at once with- drew the proposed treaty of annexation and dispatched an able and trusted agent to Hawaii to ascertain and report the true history of the affair. Commissioner Blount was not slow in discovering the conspiracy by which the government of the Queen had been overthrown and the treacherous part taken by Minister Stevens- He ordered down the American flag, under the protection of which the conspirators were masquerading. Our national emblem does not stand for piracy, but for right and justice, and the act of Connnissioner Bio mt in ordering it down when it had been raised for the first time in support of a conspiracy against a friendly but help- less power, was not only an act of patriotism but a^i example to the people of the civilized nations of the world of the greatness and grandeur of our republican insti- tutions. No more patriotic message was ever sent to Congress than that which President Cleveland, delivered when informing the two Houses of his action and the motives which influenced the same. He said : " By an act of war, coinmitted with the participation of a diplomatic representa- tive of the United States and without authority of Congress, the Government of a feeble but friendly and coufiding people ha^ been overthrown. A substantial wrong has thus been done which a due regard for our national character as well. as the rights of the injured people requires we should endeavor to repair. The provis- ional government has not ass imed a republican or other constitutional form, but has remained a mere executive council or oligarchy, set up without the assent of the people. It has not sought to find a permanent basis of popular support and has given no evidence of an intention to do so. Indeed, the representatives of that government asseit that the people of Hawaii are unfit for popular government and frankly avow that they can be best ruled by arbitrary or despotic power. "The law of nations is founded upon reason and justice, and the rules of conduct governing individual relations between citizens or subjects of a civilized state are equally applicable as between enlightened nations. The considerations that inter- national law is without a court for its enforcement, and that obedience to its com- mands practically depends upon good faith, instead of upon the mandate of a supe- rior tribunal, only give additional sanction to the law itself and brand any deliber- ate infraction of it not merely as a wrong but as a disgrace. A man of true honor protects the imwritten word wliich binds his conscience more scrupulously, if pos- sible, than he d.jcs the bond a breach of which subjects him to legal liabilities ; and the United States, in aiming to maintain itself as one of the most enlightened of nations, would do its citizens gross injustice if it applied to its international rela- tions any other than a high standard of honor and morality, on tluit giound tlie United States can not properly be put in the position of countenancing a wrong after its commission any more than in that of consenting to it in advance. On that grouiad it can not allow itself to refuse to redress an injury inflicted through an abuse of power by officers clothed with its authority and wearing its uniform ; and on the same ground, if a feeble but friendly state is in danger of being robbed of its independence and its sovereignty by a misuse of the name and power of the 164 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. United States, the United States can not fail to vindicate its honor and its sens? of justice by an earnest efibrt to make all possible reparation. "These principles apply to the present case with irresistible force when the spe- cial conditions of the Queen's surrender of her sovereignty are recalled. She sur- rendered not to the provisional government, but to the United States. She surren- dered not absolutely and permanently, but temporarily and condition dly, until such time as the facts could be considered by the United States. Furthermore, the provisional government acquiesced in her surrender in that manner and on those terms, not only by tacit consent, but through the positive acts of some members of that government who urged her peaceable submission, not merely to avoid blood- shed, but because she could place implicit reUance upon the justice of the United- States, and that the whole subject would be finally considered at Washington." Contrast the uses to which our naval forces were put by Mr. Harrison's Adminis- tration and the policy which has been pursued since Mr. Cleveland was returned to power. During Mr. Harrison's they were pledged to defend and uphold the throne of a half savage King in a far off island ; they were used to bolster up the waning cause of a Dictator, over a free people ; and to overthrow a weak and de- fenseless government and set up an oligarchy in its stead. Under the latter, in the harbors of Brazil, they were used to protect the commerce of the United States from interference and to preserve to the tradesmen of the civil- ized world the right to secure food and drink without molestation or harm Never was such homage paid to the Stars and Stripes as when the tradespeople of all nations sought its shelter and welcomed, with joy, its approach, when those of their own Government were within hailing distance and easy reach. At this time and in this work it ceased to be the flag of a nation aud became, what it really is, the emblem of civilization and humanity. INDIAN SCHOOLS. 165 INDIAN SCHOOLS. Appropriations for Same not Sectarian. The efforts of the RepubUcan party to rekindle the fires of religious fanaticism and make poUtical capital out of the appropriations for the education of the Indian children at private schools upon reservations where no Government schools have been established, merits, and should receive, the rebuke of all fair minded citizens. A more praiseworthy work was never nndertakt n. The Republican party in the Fifty-first Congi'ess made the same appropriations for which thej' now seek to pre- judice certain elements against the Democratic party. The same appropriations were made in the Fifty-second Congi-ess, not only without the opposition of Republi- cans, but with their hearty approval. In jfact, no one ever thought of raising any opposition to the appropriations for contract schools until it was thought that some political capital might be made out of it. The reappearance of that religious intol- erance and fanaticism which rises like a ghost every few years to haiuit the fears of a few narrow and weak-minded persons, w'as seized by the Republican members of Congress as a favorable time to blow their demagogical hoi'ns, in the hopes of capturing a few votes. The effort to induce the people to believe that Congress made large appropriations for the support of sectarian schools is a deliberate 'alse- hood. Not a single appropriation has ever been made to any sectarian instittition. The items which it is sought to torture into such appropriations were simply appro- priations of certain stims to enable the Secretary of the Interior and the Commis- sioner of Indian Affairs to contract wii h certain private individuals for the yearly schoohng of a certain number of Indian children. The following is the form of all the appropriations complained of : " For education and support of one hundred Chippewa boys and girls at Saint John's University and at Saint Benedict's Academy, in Stearns County, State of Minnesota, at one hundred and fifty dollars each per annum, and for the iducation and support of one hundred Indian pupils at St. Paul's Industrial School at Clon- tarf, in the State of Minnesota, thirty thott-an 1 dollars." The Indians are the wards of the Nation, and the policy of educating tlieir chil- dren so that they may be prepared for citizenship, which they soon must inevit- ably assume, is not only wise but shotild b*3 highly commended. The policy of taking the Indian children away from their homes in the far West and sending them to the East has not proven humane or beneficial. The e.stablishment of schools at or near the reserva ions was much to be preferred because it puts an end to the fraudulent practices that were indulged in by the agents of Eastern schools in getting possession of the children, a d bLK-ause of the civilizing infiuence upon the parents. Mr. Holman touchingly liictured the cruel practice of tearing the Indian children from their parents and the benefits that would accrue by patronizing the schools that were nearest to their homes. He said : 166 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. "My friend from Pennsylvania [Mr. Mahon] says there has been no om- plaint of late years about children being taken away from the Indian reserva- tion and sent to remote schools in the East. Tlie .gentleman labors mider a mis- apprehension. If there is anything tliat creates dissatisfaction and wretchedness on your Indian reservations, it is this snatching away of the Indian children from their homes and their parents. You hear that complaint all along the line in the Indian reservations. The Indian is devoted to his children. "Parental affection is a universal instinct, and a strong one among the Indian tribes. I was told a few years ago by a Mennonite teacher (the Mennonites are great missionaries and eager to benefit mankind) that he had been sent out by his people, living in Kansas, to establish a school at an old abandoned fort called Can- tonment, in the old Indian territory, and he had gathered around him quite a large number of children of the Arapihoes and Cheyennes, neither of which tribes, as gentlemen know, are very highly civilized yet. " He told me there never was a day that he could not look up at the windows of his school room without seeing some mother or father or some other relative of the children looking in for the purpose of seeing that their children were safe. And wh-n I was at Rosebud, S. Dak., an old lady came, as the agent, 3Ir. Wright, told me, a distance of 90 miles, footsore and weary, for the purpose of seeing her little girl. He told me that she made this weary journey twice a year for this purpose of seeing her little girl at the school at Rosebud. "This old lady came to the door of the school room, and her little girl came out to her. They went out upon the prairie and sat down. They did not seem to t Ik much to each other; but after they had sat there together for half an hour the child returned to the school room and the old mother got up and started homewa: d on her weary journey. Now, gentleman, consider the agony of the old mother if her little girl was taken away by the agent of some Eastern institution in the name of philanthropy, when the little one would even, if in after years she returned to her, be lost to her. Is there any philanthropy in this? [Applause.] I venture to say tiiat no well-authenticited case c m be found throughout all your Eastern Indian school system where any Indian father or mother has voluntarily surrendered a child. In the name of common humanity let the Indian children be educated among their people, elevating at once the whole tribe." It was this feeling of humanity that prompted many charitably -dispo-ed persona to found schools near the homes of the Indians. The Government, instead of build- ing houses and employing teachers at all points, simply availed itself of schools es- tablished by individuals and paid to the proprietors of the same an amount much less than it would have cost to have established Government schools. It is no more an appropriation for the maintenance of a sectiirian school than if a parent should send his child to a Presbyterian, to a Baptist, or to a Catholic school and pay the regular tuition, &c., therefor. It may be asked why the Government does not build school houses, employ teachers and conduct its own schools, instead of patronizing private ones. The answer is very simple ; it would not be wise or economical to do so. These schools at no distant day must all give way bef ire the advancing column of civilization and settlements, and it is best that the Government should not, by an extr ivagant ex- penditure of money, prepare permanently for a thing which in its :.ature will only be\empoi-ary. The fraud that is attempted to be pmcticed upon the voters of the country by INDIAN SCHOOLS. 167 publishing what, it is pretended, was a vote for and against the appropriations for the support of sectarian institutions, is a shameful and barefaced one. We have shown that no such appropriations were incorporated in the bill, but even if it should be claimed tint the appropriation of money to enable the officials of the depart:nent, to patronize such institutions was such, still the vote published had no connection whatever with such appropriations, but was upon a motion to lay an appeal from the decision of the Chair, upon a question of order, upon the tabk. Mr. Gearv of Iowa, after the bill had been reported by the Committee of the Whole House, moved to recommit the sams with the following instructions: Resolvetl Tliat the bill (H. R. G913) "making appropriations for current and conthS expenses of the Indian Department and f ulfiUing treaty stipulations with vaS Indian tribes for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1895, and or other pur- poses '' b reeommitteLl to the Committee on Indian Afla rs with instructions to report the same back to the House forthwith, amended as follovvs: _ .,, r ^ « Striking out all of the.bill relating to the Man school begmimigw^^^^ on page .^0, and all of pages 51, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 57, and 58, and inserting in heu ^^'Fofsupporto^^^^^^^^ schools, and the erection and rep iir of Government school buildings on Indian reservations and at places where the Government has established and is now maintaining Government In- dian schools, and for each and every purpose necessary m the ]udgmeiit of the bec- retary of the Interior for the establishment and proper conduct of such schools $2 225 000 : Provided, That pending the establishment of such schools on Indian reservations, the Secretary of the Interior m.iy in his discretion, during tbe fiscal year 1895, authorize contracts to be made with established schools not conducted by the Government, for the education and support of Indian p ipils and to pay^ therefor from this appropriation; and the Secretary of the I" ^rior shall report t^^^ the first, regular session of the Fifty-fourth Con-ress, in deta 1 a expenditures made and authorized by him under this appropriation : Promded further, Thatnoth- hig herein shall be construed to prevent the sending of Indian children at no ex- pense to the United States, to schools not Conducted by the Government. Mr. O'Neil of Massachusetts made a point of order against the proposed instruc- tions. The following proceedings then took place: Mr O'Neil of INIassachusetts. I make the point of order, Mr. Speaker, that this amendment is out of order for the reason that such an '^™ '^dment is new le^sl^^^ tion, and would therefore not be in order as an amendment to the bill vvhde being coiSilered in Co umittee of tiie Whole House on the state of the Union. That Sg so according to the uniform rulings of this House, a mrjt.on to recominit with instructions to report a certain amendment, is not in order if the Propo^ed amendment would not be in order as an amendment to the bill, ihat has D^en held uniformlv by Speaker Carlisle and other Speakers. The Speaker. There is no question of that. , i .. i., ;„ Mr. Burrows. If it was not in order in committee, of course it would not be in '''Mr "o' Neil of Massachusetts. I make the point that it is new legislation and not in order ; that it changes existing law and does not retrench expenditures. * * * * * * * The Speaker. It seems to the Chair that this is new legislation on the subject of Indian schools. Does the gentleman know of any ],rovision by which such legis- lation may go on an appropriation bill except wlien it reduces expenditures .'' Mr. Cannr»n of Illinois. Wherein does it legislate ? The Speaker. It pro . ides . Mr. Cannon of Illinois. It appropriates. FOTt^S^SUrtot^TOwnmcnt Indian day and industrial schools and the erec- tion and repair of Government school buildings on Indian reservations and at places where the Governm^^nt has established and is now maintaining (government Indian 168 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. schools, and for each and every purpose necessary, in the judgment of the Secretary of the Interior, for the establistiment and proper conduct of such schools, $2,250,000. Mr. Cannon of Illinois. Then I just want to call the attention of the Chair The Speaker. And then it says : That pending the establishment of such schools on Indian reservations the Sec- retary of the Interior may, in his discretion, during the fiscal year 1895, authorize contract to be made with established schools. That authorizes him to make temporary contracts for the establishment of .schools. Mr. Cannon of Illinois. Yes, sir. May I call the attention of the Chair to one thing, because I think the Chair has not examined it or the bill itself. This resolution provides for all the Government schools that the bill prov des for and for a part of the contract schools temporarily that the bill provides for, the Chair will find; and if there is legislation in one there is legislation in the other. And the Chair will find, further, that there is only appropriation in either. Mr. Burrows. These contract schools ai'e already provided for by law. The Speaker. These are contract schools; but this proposes to give i)ermission to make contracts from other schools. Mr. Cannon of Illinois. Ah, but this provides for contract schools in any degree if no Governmeut schoi il be near. The Speaker. Then you propose legislation to go beyond this appropriation? Mr. Cannon of Illinois. Oh, no. The Speaker. It must be one or the other. Mr. Cannon of Illinois. We do not legislate at all in that resolution within the meaning of Rule XXI. We only provide in that instruction for the expenditure of the money appropriated here for the coming fiscal year, nothing more or less, and no broader in that respect than the bill itself. The Speaker. As the Chair understands it, under the present law, under provi- sions contained in appropriation bills, the Government is engaged in supporting the education of Indians by contracts with existing schools. Mr. Cannon uf Illinois. And by Government schv)ols and contract boarding schools. The Speaker. Does the proposition contemplate abandoning the making of con- tracts. Mr. Cannon of Illinois. So far as this particular affair provided for in the reso- lution is concerned, I will say to the Chair no, because then it provides an appro- priation of money for Government schools, and provides that while school houses are being built that the Secretaiy of the Interior may contract for the education of the children with established schools not owned by the Government. Even if the permanent law did provide for contract schools it is in the discretion of Congress, in whole or In part, to withhold apprnpriations, although the aw might be an inch thick. But this resoluion does utilize for the coming fiscal year a portion of this money for contract schools. But suppose it did not utilize any of it, it would merely be a failure to appropriate for an object that the Government has heretofore appropriated for. The Speaker. The Chair thinks so. The Chair thinks that the scope and intent of this is to get away from the contract schools and establish schools by the Gov- ernment. Therefore the Chair holds that it would not be in order as an amend- ment, and not being in order as an amendment, it is not in ■ rder by way of indirec- tion, b cause that which cannot be done direcfly cannot be done indirectly. Mr. Cannon of Illinois. I respectfully api)eal" from the decision of the Chair. The Speaker. The questioji is, Shall'the decision of the Chair stand as the judg- ment of the House ? Mr. Springer. I move to lay the appeal on the table. Mr. Burrows. The gentleman has moved that the appeal be laid on the table, and of course that is not debatable. The Speaker. It is not debatable. The previous question has been ordered, and all collateral questions nmst be decided without debate after the previous question isorderetl. The Speaker. The question is on laying the appeal on the table. INDIAN SCHOOLS. ^ 169 The House divided; and there were— ayes 171, noes 35. Mr. Cannon of lUinois. I ask for the yeas and nays. The question was taken on ordering the yeas and nays, and 3o members voted in favor thereof; not a sufficient number. j\Ir Burrows I ask tor tellers on ordenng the yeas and nays. Tellers were ordered, 40 members voting therefor; and the Speaker appouited Mr. Cannon of ILinois and Mr. Holman. . The tellers reported— ayes 47, a sufficient number; so the yeas and nays were ^ The^Speaker appointed to act as tellers at the desk Mr. Houk and Mr Holman. The question was taken; and there were— yeas 158, nays 58, answered present 1, not voting 135 ; as follows : , , , -, -r, ., -r> i t^ Ye\s 158— Abbot, Alexander, Allen, Apsley, Arnold, Bailey, Baker Kans., Bankhe'ad, Barwig, Bell Colo., Bell Tex., Berry, Black Ga., Black 111 Branch, Bretz Broderick, Brookshire, Bryan, Bimn, Bynum, Cabaniss, Campbel, Cannon Cal Capehart, Catching-, Causey, Childs, Clarke I\Io., Clarke Ala Cobb Ala., Cobb AIo , Cockrell, Cotteen, Cogswell Conn, Coombs, Cooper Fla., Cooper Ind., C>operTex Cox, Craiu, Crawford, Davis, DeAimond, DeForest, Denson, Dins- more Docke'rv, Donovan, Draper, Dunn, Dunphy, Durborrow, Edmunds, English Cal ' Enloe "Epes, Everett, Fithian, Forman, Fyan, Geary, Goldzier, Gorman, Gradv Graham, Griffin, Hall Minn., Hall -Mo.. Hammo d. Hare, Hai;ris, Harter, Heard Henderson X. C, Hermann, Holman, Hooker Miss., Hunter, Hutcheson, Iki'rt 'izlar Kem Kyle, Lane, Lapham, Latimer, Lawson, Layton, Lester, Liviii'^^ton 'Lvnch, Maddox, Martin Ind., McCulloch, McDannold, McDearmon, McEtTrick ' I^IcGann, ]\IcKaig, McKeighan, McLaurin, McMillm, McRae, Meyer, Money, Montgomerv, Morgan, Neil, Gates, Ogden, Outhwaite, Page. Patterson, Pearsbn, Pendleton Te^:., Pendleton AY. Ya., Pickler, Pigott, Price, Reiily, Richanls Ohio, Richardson Mich., Richardson Tenn., Ritchie, Robbms, Russell Ga Ryan, Savers, Shell, Sibley, Snodgrass, Somers, Sperry, Springer, Stalhngs, Stevens, Stockdale, Strait, Straus, Swanson, Talbert S. C, Tarsney, Tate, Taylor Ind Terrv, Tracev, Turner Ga., Tyler, Walker, Warner, A\ eadlock, A\ heeler Ala.! AVilliams 111., 'Williams Miss., Wise, Woodard. ^, . -^ ^-;y^ 58— Adams Ky., Aldrich, Baker X H., Bingham, Blair, Boen, Bowers Cal. Bill-rows, Cannon 111, Cooper Wis., Cousins, Curtis Kans., Dolhver, Dolit- tle Ellis Oregon, Funk, Gardner, Gear, Hager, Haugen, Henderson 111., Hepburn, Hopkins Pa., Hudson, Hulick, Hull, Johnson Ind., Johnson N. Dak., Kieter, Lacv Linton, Loud, Loudenslager, Mahon, Marsh, Marvin N. \., ^orthway, Pavnter, Pence, Perkins, Post, Ray. Robinson Pa., Settle, Slmw, Simth, Stephen- son, Stone, C. AV., Stone, W. A., Srorer, Strong, Sweet, Tawney, Thomas, Lpde- graff, A'an A^oorhis Ohio, AA^augh, AVilson AA''ash. Answered "Present," 1.— McCleary, Minn. This vote upon a question of order has been falsely published as a vote in favor of appropriating Government funds for the support of sectarian institutions. The campaign liar has certainly started out early and with renewed strength and courage. 170 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. THE FRIEND OF THE SOLDIER. The Democratic Party and its Relations to the Union Soldiers and Sailors and the Pension System. From foram, tribune, and in legislative halls the enemies of honest administra- tive methods have hurled at the Democratic party the accusation thiit it al A'ays was and is now the enemy of the o'd soldier, and that the very existence of the pension system in the future depends upon the restoration of the Republican party ' to power, thus perennially insulting the intelligence of the great public conscience for political advantage solely, as each campaign approaches, and striving to befog the public judgment in the consideration of a simple question uf the honest admin- istration of the law. To the charge that the present administration is unfriendly and ungenerous to the Federal soldiery, let us address ourselves. AVith alacrity can the Democratic party take up the gauge of battle on these lines and go before the country upon the record with supreme confidence in that sense of fair play, love of justice and genius for the right inherent in the generous and intelligent manhood of the nation, that will not be s ivervcd by the howling dervishes of misrul* from its approbation of honest public servants who exemplify in the proper administration of the laws of the country that "a public office i.s a public trust." The attitude of the Democratic party is best voiced by the sentiments contained in the National Democratic platforms from 1864 to 1892 and the several State plat- forms which urge liberal pensions to be granted as a right in accordance with the law and not in violation of it ; and also in the friendly and generous sentiments of President Cleveland, expr&ssed to wards the deserving volunteer soldiers, which abound in the many messages that from time to time he has sent to Congress : CLEVELAND AND PENSIONS AND THE DEMOCRATIC RECORD IN CONGRESS. Actions speak louder than words. What have the Democratic President and! party done since the war to make good their promises, to show a sincere sense of the sacred debt due the defenders of the Union and merit the confidence of a grate- ful, generous country? The United States statutes furnish the proper answer. (1). Cleveland approved the act of Aug. 4, 1886, increasing the pensions of 10,030 cripples, armless and legless veterans, from $24 to $30; $30 to $36, and from $37.50 to $45 par month. (2). Act of March 19, 1886, considering the past alone, increased from $8 to $12 per month the pensions of 79,989 widows and dependents on the rolls at that time, as well as the tens of thousands who hive since been placed there. These 79,989 certificates w -re issued by a Democratic Commissioner of Pensions without one cent of expense or a moment's unnecessary delay to these deserving beneficiaries, and with no hindrance to other just claims pending before the ofiice. THE FRIEND OF THE SOLDIER. 171 (3). Act of :May 15, 1SS6, granting certificates of discharge to members of the Missouri Home Guards, whose claims were adjudicated by the Hawkins-Taylor ;ommis3ion. (4) A.ct of May 17, 18S6, amending the reports of the War Department, which iiscriminatedagdnsta large and worthy class of soldiers, relieving thousands of infortmiate veterans of the hardship?, worked by the resting of charges agamst bhem, based up^n technical errors in the records. (5). Act of January 29, 18S7, bsnefiting about 30,000 survivors and widows ot the Mexican War, to whom more than $15,000,000 have been digbursjd. (6) let of June 7, 1888, granting arrears to widows from the date of death of the husband, and providing that all United States officers authorized to administer oaths should administer all oaths required to be made m pension cases in the exe- cution of vouchers for pensions free of charge-a just and humane act. This act in the past alone benefited m^re than 200,0,00 soldiers' widows, and was inspired by that universal regard for the decencies of life, which urged that this worthy class should suffer no discrimination in refraining from an unseemly scramble for pen- sions, ere ceased the last strains of the requiem over the dead soldier-husband's re- mains. ,• 1 • (7). Act of August U, 1SS8, for the relief of certain appointed or enlisted men m the navy or marine corps from technical chirges against them in the records, which stood between them and pensions to which they were justly entitled. (8). Act of August 27, 1888, increasing pension? on account of deafness. (9). Act o- Febrnary 12, 1889, granting an increase in pension from |72 to $100 per month to all persons who in the line of duty, in the naval or military service of the United States, lost both hands. More than thirty of this extremely unfortunate class were benefited by this act immediately on the date of its passage. (10). Act of March 1, 1889, relating to the payment of pensions to the widows or dependent heirs where subsequent to the issuance of the check the pensioner dies. • 1 ^ (11). Act of March 2, 1889, removing certain technical charges in the record, and relieving a large and meritorious class of volunteer and regular soldiers of the late war and the war with Mexico, placing them in an honorable light be'ore pos- ter ty and the comrades with whom they fought side by side; and (12). Act of December 21, 1893, making a pension a vested right. During the four years of the last Republican administration President Harrison approved onlv seven acta which may, by any stretch, be characterized as general pension bills,' and one, the Army Nurse Bill, was passed by a Democratic House. Since 1875, the year of Democratic accession to power in the House of Represen- tatives, in addition to the foregoing general acts, all of which were approved by a Democratic President, Democratic Houses of Representatves have initiated every pension law now upon the statute b^oks, save during the brief period of the notorious (47th) Keifer Congress, and the equally notorious Billion Dollar (51st) Reed Congress. Democratic Houses passed : (1). Act of August 15, 1876, issuing artificialllimbs or commutation therefor to disabled soldiers "and seamen, [and providing transportation for the purpose of having the same prop.-rly fitted. (2). Act of February 28, 1877, increasing the pension of those who lost both an arm and a leg. (3). Act of March 9, 1878, granting pensions on account of service in the war of 172 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. 1812 and the Revolutionary war, requiring a service of but 14 instead of 60 days on the part of survivors of the war of 1812, and granting pensions to widows regard- less of date of marriage to sc Idiers of this war. It also granted pensions to widows of soldiers of the Revolutionary war on a service of 14 days. Former laws required marriaie prior to the treaty of peace in the case of widows of the war of 1812. (4). Act of June 17, 1878, increasing to $72 per month the pensions of those who lost both hands, both feet, or the sight of both eyes incident to the service, and two years later. (5). Act of June 16, 1880, giving §72 per month to the totally helpless from any cause incident to the service. (6). Act of March 3, 1879, increasing to" $37.50, hip-joint amputations. This sum was afti'rward? increased to $45 per month by a Dt-moeratic House. (7). A Democratic Congress passed the arrears of pension acts January 25 and ' March 3, 1879, generous easures which benefited more than 225,000 pensioners and at a single bound caused the annual pension roll to Uap from $33,780,526.19 to $57,240,540.14. The Republican party had control of both Houses of Congress for more than ten j^ears after the close of the war, but passed no legislation of this char- acter. Both Houses became Democratic in 1879, and on the 21st of June of that year they pisstd the following amendment for the protection of pensioners and abolishing biennial medical examinations. (8). Sec. 3 act of June 21, 1879. That sections 4771, 4772, and 4773, providing for biennial examinations of pensioners are hereby repealed : Provided, That rJie Commissioner of Pensions shall have the same power as heretofore to order a spe- cial examination whenever in his judgment th? sime may be necessary, but in no case shall a pension be withdrawn or reduced except up m noliice to the pensioner and a hearing upon sworn testimony. * * * In order to -provide for the speedy payment of arrearages of pension, the Secretary of the Treasury is hereby author- ized and dii'ected to issue immediately in payment thereof, as may be adoptel, the legal tender currency now in the United States Treasury held as a special fund for the redemption of fractional currency, etc., etc. This statute was parsed not only to provide for the large payment of arrears that would soon fall due, but to protect the psns'oners against Republican Commissioners of Pensions who were then sus- pending pensions without notice or hearing, and in many instances upon malicious anonymous letters and unsworn statements of vindictive and malevolent persons, and reducing or dropping the names of pensioners from the rolls upon the mere verbal ex parte reports of secre^ agents. (9). Act of Detember 21, 1893, making a pension a vested right. (10). Act of February -6, 1881, forthe protection of pensioners in soldiers' homes. (11). Act of July 14, 1892, establishing an intermediate rate of pension between $30 and $72 per month, and hxing the rate at §50 for all who required frequent and periodical though not regular and constant personal aid and attendance. (12). Act of August 5, 1892, granting pensionsto army nuisesand forbidding the demanding of a fee by claim agents for prosecuting this class of cases. This was a geuirois r ico^nitioii of tlie noble heroines who, leaving home and loved ones be- hind, in self-sacrifice braved pestilence and hardship in every form to minister to the stricken in hospitals of the army, with danger for their constant fare and dtath their never absent companion. (13). Act of July 4, 1884, which estabUshed the proper relations which should exist between attorneys and clients, and fixed by law the fees to be allowed in THE FRIEND OF THE SOLDIER. 178 jnsioii cases. By this act a Democratic Congress placed the strong arm of tlie w between the helpless applicant for pension and the unblushing rapacity of the orde of pension pettifoggei's that op -rated up to th s time. Some idea may be gathered of the state of affairs when we reflect that in the iven years alone prior to the passage of the above act, 5'3i claim agents were prose - ited for violations of one form or another of the penal statutes relating to pen- ons, 355 were suspended, 248 disbarred, 138 dropped from the roster of attorneys. id 6-1: convicted. This D>3iuocratic m3asare smoked them out. Cleveland's vetoes of private pensiox acts. During the twenty-four (24) years of uninterrupted Republican administration — 61 to 1885 — 2,001 private pension acts passed by Congress became laws, an aver- se of about 83 a year. During Lincoln's administration, 41 ; Johnson's, 431 ; jrant's, 490 ; Hayes's, 303 ; Garfield and Arthur's, 736. In the first three years of rresident Cleveland's former administration — 1885 to 1888 — out of 1,560 submitted him, 1,369 became laws, more than thirty -three times as many as during Lincoln's 3ur years ; more than three times as many as Johnson's four years ; nearly three imes as many as Grant's eight years ; four-and-a-half times as many as Hayes's 3ur years ; and nearly twic3 as many as Garfield and Arthur's four years. The verage yearly number of these private pension acts which became laws under Ueveland's former administration was 456, five-and-a-half times the average annual umber during the preceding Republican administrations. pension statistic. The pension estimates for the current fiscal year, capitalized at 3 per cent, would le the interest on about $5,500,000,000, a sum greater than the national debt of any ountry on earth, and nearly twice the debt of the United States at the close of he war. $85,292,931.08 have been paid for pensions under the general law during the last seal year. For the same time $68,259,537.18 were paid under the act of June 27, 890, while from 1871 to the present time the total disbursements on account of tie war of 1812, Indian wars, and the Mexican war were but $55,896,433.38. The 3sults of these wars increased the territory of the United States from less than ,000,000 to 3,603,884 square miles. The Mexican service pension bill was not assed until thirty-nine years after the close of that war. This recognition was iven to the survivors of 1812 fifty-seven years after, and the Revolution fifty-nine ears after the close of these respective wars. Pensions thus far paid exceed the entire appropriations from the foundation f the Government up to 1861. The pension appropriation for the current fiscal ear is equal to the entire cost of the army, navy and pension establishments of Irazil, China, Mexico, Norway, and Sweden and Spain combined ; or Germany, lexico and Spain ; it exceeds that of Germany and Spain combined, and is almost qual to that of Russia and Brazil. It is fifty million dollars more than the entire xpenditures for the military and naval establishments of Germany ; twenty lillion dollars more than that of Russia ; and equ ds three-fourths of the entire xpanditure of Great Britain in maintaining its naval, military, pension and civil ist establishments. Twelve States in the Union receive 50 per cent more in pen- ion money than the cost of their entire school establishments. Maine and Ver- aont received two-and-a-half times as much in pensions as they pay for schools. 174 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. The estimates for the payment of pensions for the coming fiscal year exceed the total assessed valuation of the real and personal property of twenty-five (25) Stau-s in the Union. There are 76,661 pensioners in the six States of Washington, Kansas, Nebras .^ a, North and South Dakota, and Oregon, nearly three times as many pensioiK-rs as these States furnished soldiers (26,286) to the army. In the ten States that tonuL'd the Southern Confedenxcy there are 48,639 pensioners, and in the six border Stati-s 128,936, making in all 177, -575 pensioners, receiving an aggregate of §28,428, 75'. 1.42 in the old slave States. In the aggregate the 30th of June, 1894, 2,114,908 original pension claims have been filed since 1861. 1,438,134 of these have been allow, d. Upwards of two billions of dollars have been paid in pensions, local bounties, and private patriotic centributions for the relief of the families of the soldiers ?-iace the war. At the close of the year, June 30, 1894, there were 969,-544 persons upon the pen- sion rolls, a greater number than were mustered out of the service 29 years ago. and 300,000 more than there were troops actively engaged in the army at any one time during the war. At the close of this year there were 737,358 invaUds on the pension rolls, 89,000 more than the number of soldiers reported present for active duty by Provost Marshal Greneral Frye March 31, 1865, the number enrolled being 980,086 and the number absent 332,339. During the last year (1893) $1,872,178.53 were paid iu attorneys' fees ALONE, and upwards of $20,000,000 went to these claim agents since 1865. Only three States in the Union (New York, Pennsylvania, and Ohio) had a total population in 1860 greater than the number of pens on claims filed since the war; only five States (New York, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Illinois, and Virginia) at the beginning of the war had a total population greater than the num- ber of pension claims allowed since the war; only nine States have now a total population greater than the total number of pension claims filed, and twenty-one States and Territories of the Union have a total population less than the number o f unsettled claims still pending 29 years after the close of the rebellion. NUxMBER OF PENSIONERS AND AMOUNTS PAID PER CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT. In Indiana the average is 5,300 pensioners, receiving §900,264 per Congressional district. In Ohio, 4,904, receiving $825,080 per district. In Iowa, 3,464, receiving $561,437. Pennsylvania, 3,193, receiving $505,911. Illinois, 3,124, receiving $500,906. Massachusetts" 3,100, receiving $529,326. Wisconsin, 2,761, receiving $437,885. Rhode Island, 2,111, receiving $234,400, Minnesota, 2,329, receiving $372,205. The avei-age number of pensioners in each Congressional district in the United States is 2,711, and the average amount of pension paid in each Congressional dis- trict is $440,282. Illinois furnished 1^ times the number of troops Indiana did, but has only 58 per cent of the number of pensioners, receiving only 56 per cent of the amount of money per district as that State. She sent 83 per cent of the number of troops Ohio did, but has only 64 per cent of the number of pensioners, receiving 61 per cent as much pension per district as this State. Pennsylvania sent If times the number of troops Indiana did, and has only 60 per THE FRIEND OF THE SOLDIER. 175 ent of the number of pensioners, receiving 56 per cent of the amount of pension i^er listrict as this State. She sent lOS per cent of tlie nomber of troops Ohio did, and las only 05 per cent of tlie number of pensioners, receiving 61 per cent of the imount per district as this State. Iowa, Massachusetts, Wisconsin, Minnesota, and Rhode Island, respectively, re- ;eive 62, 59, 49, 41, and 26 per cent as much pension per Congressional district as [ndiana, and 68, 64, 53, 45, and 28 per cent, respectively, as Ohio. Again, take the two Northern States which, since the war, have almost invariably jast tiieir electoral vote for the Democratic ticket (New Jersey and Connecticut). [n the former 2,563 i^ensioners receive $410,021 per Congressional district ; in the atter, 2,904 pensioners receive $335,088 per district. The pensioners in the State of Indiana are receiving average annual pensions 3qual to $169.87. In Ohio it is $168.25 ; in Iowa, $162.10 ; Ihinois, $160.34 ; Min- aesota, $159.81 ; Wisconsin, $158.60 ; Pennsylvania, $158.44, and in Rhode Island, plll.04. THE DEMOCRATIC RECORD IN TFTE PENSION OFFICE. During the four years of Democratic administration — from 1885 to 1889 — a little over 80 per cent of all the claims filed were allowed. During the preceding Repub- lican administration the average was but 78 per cent, and during the last Repub- lican administration (Tanner and Raum) only 67 per cent of the claims filed were allo\ved, notwithstanding the addition to the clerical force of the bureau of more than 400 persons. During the four years of Democratic administration — from 1885 to 1889 — $296,- 458,741.25 were paid for pensions, fifteen and one-half millions more than were paid during the fifteen years of Republican administration from 1861 to 1875, in- clusive ; and, including the estimates for the current fiscal year. Democratic admin- istrations under Judge Lochren and General Black, have, in five years, disbursed $5,750,000 more th^i all the Republican administrations in the twenty years from 1861 to 1880 inclusive. The total disbursements for pensions since 1861 were, in round numbers, $1,730,- 500,000. During sixteen (16) years of that time, counting the present Congress, the Democratic party in the House of Representatives, under the leadership of Randall, Carlisle and Crisp, originated appropriation bills for 64 per cent of this amount, in round numbers $1,109,000,000 ; while during eighteen (18) years under the control of the Republican party, but 36 percent, in round numbers $621,000,000 were disbursed, or a net ratio of nearly 200 per cent in favor of the De;iiocratic party. Soldiers of the republic, does this show the Democraic party has been ungener- ous to the heroic men who saved the flag from tarnish, or t o their dependents ? Wherein have Democratic administrations been inimical to the pen.sioners of the nation? Partisan Republicans in their cheeping criticisms strive for political effect solely. How plain a tale will put the prevaricator down? ACT OF JUNE 27, 1890. The enormous increase in the annual pension roll, due to the lax construction of the act of June 27, 1890, which caused the amount yearly expended to leaj) from $89,000,000 in 1889 to $158,000,000 at a bound in 1893, is mainly responsible^ for the criticisms of the patient tax-payers of the nation, who gravely question whether this enormous sum was properly disbursed by a Republican administration. The amount paid, $158,000,000, in the third year since the passage of this act al- 176 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. most equals in a single year the total amount paid under all existing laws during the eleven years of Republican rule, from 1861 to 1871 inclusive. This law was pa sed in recognition of the difficulties in the way of tracing dis- abilities to service origin after a long lapse of time, and the fact that deserving sol- diers who, in their advancing years, were suffering from affliction not of service origin, but which unfitted them to earn a support by manual labor, were deemed proper objects of th.^ national beneficence, and in obedience to this generous im- pulse the act was passed. But it had its requirements and limitations. Section 2d of the act, which is as follows, determines these : "Section 2. That all persons who served ninety days or more in the military or naval service of the United States during the late war of the rebellion, and who have been honorably discharged therefrom, and who are now or who may hereafter be suffering from a mental or physical disability of a permanent character, not the result of their own vicious habits, which incapacitates them for the performance of manual labor in such a degree as to render them unable to earn a support, shall, upon making due proof of the fact according to such rules and regulations as the Secretary of the Interior may provide, be plac 'd upon the list of invalid pensioners of the United States, and be entitled to receive a p^^nsion not exceeding twelve dol- lars per month and not less than six dollars per month, proportioned to the degree of inability to earn a support," etc., etc. It will be perceived that it is imperative thkt there shall have been a service of at least ninety days, an honorable discharge, and in the case of invalids it must be shown by competent evidence that the applicant for pension under this act must be disabled for the performance of manual labor by reason of mental or physical dis- ability not due to his own vii^ious habits, rendering him unable in greater or less degree to earn a support by manual labor. How has the Repu jlican party accounted for its stewardship to the people of the nation in the execution of this law ? Has it been the faithful custodian of the trust imposed upon it? While providing with prodigality for the deserving beneficiaries has it buttressed the entrance to the public treasury against the strain of the rapa- cious claim agents and the unworthy pretender ? It is the purpose of this to show that the Republican Commissioners of Pensions let down all the bars of the national pasture field, enabling the bounty rjumpers and others equally unworthy to enter with impunity. Names were put upon the pension rolls regardless of the require- ment of at least ninety days' service; the dishonorably discharged who tarnished the blue were pensioned; able-bodied applicants, rich in worldly store, but protest- ing mendicancy, were fed at the public table ; and tho-ie who by vice were reduced to the relics of a misspent life, were allow d to partake of the Nation's bounty that of right belonged alone to the worthy pensioners of the Republic. A Republican Commissioner of Pensions declared it his intention to raid the public treas iry with steam-shovel and gravel-train, and " God help the surplus when he got up steam enough ! ' ' Under the act of June 27, 1890, aside from the requisite service and honorable dis- charge, there is but one condition that can give any right to a pension, namely, ' 'a mental or physical disability of a permanent character, not the result of their own vicious habits, which incapacitates them for the performance of manual labor in such a degree as to render them unable to earn a support." Scarcely was the in'v dry on the approval of the act when in open violation of both the spirit and the letter of the law, a Republican Secretary of the Interior, by THE FRIEND OF THE SOLDIER. 177 rder No. 1(54, issued October 15, ISitO, directed tlie Commis-ioner of Pensions that isabilities rendering claimants unable to earn a support in such a degree as would e rated under former laws at or above §6 and less than ^12 should be rated the ime as like disabilities of service origi , and that all cases showing a pensionable isability which, if of service origin, would be rated at or above $12, shall be rated 812 per month. And to .-^how conclusively that the inability of the applicant to erform manual labor was not taken into consideration at all in the rating of cases nder this law, let us read the circular of the then Republican Medical Referee, ited December 10, 1890. to the Medical Division of the Pension Office, and ap- »roved by the Commissioner of Pensions : " The ratings recommended should be the same as if the disability or disabilities rere incurred in t' e service, rating each disability separately." In a letter to the Jommissioner of Pensions, dated May 23, 1803, this same Medical Peferee, in ,nswer to inquiry as to the practice in rating act of June 27 cas sunder the Repub- ican administration, stated that " the inability of the applicant top.n-form manual abor was not taken into consideration." Within three years from the promulgation of this Order 164, more than three- [uarters of a million claims were filed under the act of June 27, 1890, and -159.1.55 )ensioners Tvere placed upon the rolls under it. Order 164 established a practice in he bureau which disregarded the basic requirements of the law, and put hundreds if thousands of pensioners upon the rolls whom Congress never intended to re- vard. The gratitude of the nation to its defenders was preyed upon, and the treasury robbed in the soldi*- r's name. Under laws prior to June 27, 1890, rates of pension were fixed without regard to he capacity of the pensioner to earn a support by manual labor, while under the ,ct of ,hine 27, 1890,the condition was imperative that there must be a disability inca- >acitating for the performance of manual labor to obtain a support. There are 21 [isabi'ities not specified by law but fixed by the Commissioner of Pensions es- ablishing rates of pension under laws prior to June 27, 1890, which are rated at 12 and upwards; and by Order 164 were rated under the law of 1890 by the Re- Kiblican Commissioner at $12 per month. To illustrate : The loss of an eye ; nearly total deafness of one ear and slight of other ; loss of '.lumb and index finger ; or the loss of a thumb, finger and toe was rated at $12 ler month or more ; then the mandate of the order and the practice under it was liat a claimant under the act of 1890 should be rated at $12 per month, although !ongress designed that no man should receive $12 per month except for disabilities ,-hich render him wholly unable to earn a support by manual labor. Stiffness of a houlder, elbow, knee, ankle or wrist joint — do these render a man wliolly unable :) perform manual labor ? Does the loss of an eye or the deafness of anear wholly icap-icitate one .' Such has been the practice of the bureau under Republican ad- linistrations, and millions of dollars of the people's money wrongfully paid out. Loss of little toe and little finger and small varicocele, without complications, in- :irred 20 years or longer after the close of the war, entitled the applicant, accord- ig to Raum's practice, to the minimum rating under the act of June 27, 1890 nd men were pensioned for baldness, bunions, and corns. So flagrantly at vari- nce with the requirements of the law of June 27, 1890, were the practices of the Republican Commissioner that the Republican Secretary of the Interior, just two lonths after the rebuke administered by the Republican reverses of 1892, issued rie decision of January 7, 1893, and sought to restore.to something like a just basis 178 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. the practice of the department under the act of June 27, 1890. This is known ai the Weike decision, rescinding Order No. 164, and estabUshing the principle : (1) That the basis of ra'.es under the act of June 27, 1890, is inabiUty to earn ; support by reason of incapacity for manual labor due to disability not the resul o vicious habits. (2) Schedule of nominal rates will not be added together to make up a rate undei said act, but the rate will be based on the combined eifect of all the causes involve( upon the applicant's capacity for man'ial labor. (Assistant Secretary Bussey t< Commissioner Raum. ) Previous to the Weike decision the Bureau had been allowing 78 2-10 per cent o all claims examined, but immediately after this decision allowances fell to 33| pe cent of the cl lims examined, less than half the rate at which pensions were allowec immediately prior thereto. During the six months prevous to this decision 43,683, or an average of 7,280, army and navy original invalid certificates weekly were issued under the act o June 27, 1890, by the Republican Commissioner (Raum); during the six subse quen^ months (thr.'e of which were unddr the Republicans and three under th< new Democratic administration) 18,608, or a weekly average of 3,101 — only 42 6-l< per cent of this class of certificates, the only kind affected by this decision — we« issued. On this basis fully 170,000 of the 311,300 pensioners of this class place( upon the rolls under tlie act of June 27, 1890, by the Republican administration ii two and a half years have no just right to be there, and more than 168,000,000 pai< to them was absolutely given away without authority of law. When a single decision like that had the effect of reducing allowances more thai one-half, was it not high time to raise the question as to whether the act of Jun( 27, 1890, was being lionestly and properly administered? So great was the reduc tion of allowances under this decision that ex-Commissioner Tanner, in an inter view in a "Washington paper, demanded that President Harrison require the deci sion to be abrogated, or it \vould depopulate the pension rolls. BENNETT DECISION. The principle ot procedure under the act of June 27, 1890, as laid down in the Weike decision was made more forcible on the accession of the Democratic party to power by the decision of Assistant Secretary Reynolds, May 27, 1893, in the case of Charles T. Beniett, wherein it was affirmed "that the basis of pension under sec- tion 2 of the act o June 27, 1890, is incapacity due to any permanent mental or pliysical disability not the result of vicious habits to such a degree as renders the claimant unable to earn a support by manual labor, t^ * * Neither the Sec- retary of the Interior nor the Commissioner of Pensions can, by order or by prac- tice, supersede an act of Congress. The power of the Department, so far as its or- ders and practice are concerned, is limited to an execution of the law; it ceases when an effort is made to supersede the law. THE BOARD OF REVISION AND AUTHORITY FOR SUSPENSIONS. The showing that made it appear certain that under Order 164 many pens'ons were illegally granted caused the Commissioner of Pv'nsions under the fore- going decision (Bennett) of May 27, 1893, to organize a board of revision composed of the best men in the Bureau regardless of political complexion. They were re- quired to examine cases allowed under the act of June 27, 1890, and pick out such THE FRIEND OF THE SOLDIER. 179 had no legal or equitable basis to rest upon, "but with instructions to disturb no lAse where by the most liberal construction of the evidenc ' the right to the pension ould be sustained under any law. In cases where it was believed that p >nsion eould not be sustained and another medical examination was thought necessary, the payment of the pension was ordered to be suspended pending investigation, accoi'd- ng to the practice of the Bureau from the beginning, and at tlie proper time the usual sixty days notice was given to the pens oner within which he could ask for i medical examination or supply further evidence to his right to pension." This Board of Revision, up to December 21, 1893, wh n the act was pa sed de- claring a pension to be a vested right, and requiring thirty days notice before sus- pension, took the blankets off 12,.i48 cases issued under Order 164. After a careful re-exaraination, guided by Order No. 240 of Commissioner Lochren, it was found that 8,461, or 67 per cent of them, were entitled to the p 'nsi -n originally allowed land the payment of pension was immediately orJered to be resumed; 568 were re- 'duced to smaller rat -s than those wrongfully given; 701 were dropped from the [rolls, as it was shown they were n >t entitled to pansions undt^r aiiy law, and 2,818 [were still suspended and undergoing further investigation at the date .f the pissage of the act of December 21, 18D3, since which time payment has been resumed in these cases under tlie terms of this act. POWER TO SUSPEXn. The power to suspend current payments of p 'usion, and upon satisfactory proof to drop the nam?s of pensioners from the rolls, lies in th3 Secre ary of the Interior and the Commissioner of Pensions. This view finds approval and confirmation in the following: Kellogg r.'^. Waite and trustee, 12 Allen, Mass., 530; United States iy. Hall, 98 U. S., 357; sections 4692 and 4693, R. S. U. S., and prior and subsequent acts, which prescrib? th':- nature of the conditions precedent to title. Being con- ditions precedent U'jthing can defeat them and they must co exist before the title is perfected. If through fraud or mistake the Government is deceived or imposed upon and a pension certificate issue-, no legal title arises because the necessary conditions of proof and fact do not exist, and the Government has the right to with- hold or vacate every muniment of title that lacks tha f andamental legal eleme ts. The pmctice of suspension has been the practice of the Bureau, followed since as far back as 1819, and has prevailed without interruption through all administration?. It is in line with the assertion of the right by succes.sive Secretaries, and wa- asserted in the case of certificate numbered 70,032, by Secretary Delano, who held that if there was an improper allowance either through fraud or error suspensions were warranted; in certificate number 107,574, by Secretary Schurz, and by Secretary /iach. Chandler, the soldier's friend, who was Secretary of the Interior in 1875, and who by telegraph directed H. G. Sickel, United States Pension Agent at Philadel- phia, to suspend payment of pension in every case which had been prosecuted bj' the following attorneys: Joseph E. Devitt & Co., E. B. Jackson, Francis Reg'ster, Matth-ws, Poulson & Co., et al. This suspension order, just prior to the September, 1875, payment, must have effected nearly every pensioner residing in the city and county of Philadelphia, as svell as those of the surrounding forty-six counties in Pennsj'lvania and all the State :>f Delaware, which comprised the district paid at the Philadelphia agency that year. B3,447,254 26 were paid to the 27,740 pensioners on the rolls in Pennsylvania and Delaware during the year ending June 30, 1875. As the Philadelphia agency com- 180 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. prised more than half the State of Pennsylvania and all of Delaware, it will oe percnved that the number of suspensions must have been many thousands. It has been heralded thorughout the country that nearly 13,000 pensions had been suspended by the Democratic administration, but these patriots who love tlu' soldier so well that they do not hesitate to alarm and harass him by lying reports, do not state that out of the exact number suspended (12,548) 4,095 of that num- ber are foreign residents, whose pensions terminated July 1 , 189.3, by act of Con- gress passed March 1, 1893, and approved by Benjamin Harrison. STATEMENTS OF FORMER REPUBLICAN COMMISSIONERS RELATIVE TO FRAUDS, DROP- PINGS, ETC. When the urgent deficiency bill was before Congress last March, and Democratic Representatives were asking for sufficient money for the payment of special, exam- iners to purge th3 pension roll of frauds, they were confronted by Republicans with such remarks as these : "The whole object and' purpose is to p.iy the ' spies' and ' secret agents' to be put upon the track of the old soldier, to shadow hhii in his outgoings and incomings." Suspension was referred to as if it were a new trick on the part of the Democrats, and frauds were said to exist only in the imagination of Southern Brigadiers. They are unmindful of the fact that the whole special examination system was of their own creation, as may be seen by a scrutiny of the annual reports of the earlier Re- publican Commissioners urging in unequivocal terms that the pension system under the old ex parte methods were reeking with fraud, and each annual report is bur- dened with the clamors of these Republican Commissioners for an enlargement of the powers conferred upon special agents by section 4744, R. S. So thoroughly has the work gone on sitce then that now substantially every United States court in the country has its calendar from the Pension Bureau of crimes in the procuring or eflforts to procure fraudulent pensions. From April 1, 1893, to June 2, 1894, in the past year alone, the small force of 182 special examiners in the field, made 237 arrests, procured .531 indictments, 215 convictions, and 93 sentences of persons charged with criminal violations of the penal statutes in relation to pensions, and 74 aitorneys were suspended and disbarred for complicity in these crimes, saving to the Government in first payments alone the enormous sum of $2,702,760.88, that would have gone to these fraudulent claimants. In the Month of May, 1894, alone, 1398,992.87 was saved to the Government from this source, and from April 1, 1893, to .June 1, 1894, $29,538.79 of money im- properly and illegally received as pensions was* collected and refunded to the Gov- ernmer:t. For the nine years from 1874 to 1882, inclusive, 3,283 names were dropped from the rolls, over 18,000 were suspended pending investigation, thousands of pensions were reduced, and the sum of $4,344,954.36 was saved to the Treasury. Upwards of 600 persons were prosecuted, indicted, convicted or sentenced for criminal vio- lations of the penal statutes in pension claims. Thus it will be s.'en that pension frauds held high carnival in the golden age of Republican supremacy as in later days when President Harrison's Attorney-General (W. H. H. Miller) was led to say : " / have never before had my eyes opened to the enormity of the frauds vMch are being practiced upon the General Government by ap- plicants for pension, and I am free to admit that I Jmve not before appreciated the degree of ease ivUh which applications for pension may be prosecuted in the Pension Office at THE FRIEND OF THE SOLDIER. 181 Washington, and pensions granted upon affidavits vMch have no grounding in the com- mon principles of truth. It tvas a revelation to me." Droppings of large numbers of names from the pension rolls for various causes is not a recent practice peculiar to the present administration, but has been occasioned ewry year through all administrations,^ Republican and Democratic alike. During the year ending June 30, 1881, Commissioner Dudley dropped from the rolls for all causes including deaths, 10,712 names when the pension roll was only $50,000,0)0 annually. In 1882, he dropped 11,446, when the roll was $54,000,000. In 1883, he dropped 20,997, when tlie roll was $60,000,000. In 1889, Commissioner Raum dropped 16,507, when the roll was $89,000,000. In 1890, he dropped 20,319, when the roll was $106,000,000. In 1891 he dropped 20,525, when the roll vsas $118,000,000. I# 1892 he dropped 25,303, when the roll was $141,000,000. In 1893, Commissioner Lochren dropped from the rolls on account of death, remarriage, legal limitation of minors, failure to claim pension, and for all other causes 33,690, 4,095 of whom were foreigners dropped under the act of March 1, 1893, (approved by a Republican President,) leaving 29,595 as the total number otherwise dropped, 2,296 of whom were dropped m dnly fo ■ fraud and excessive lating under Order 164, when the roll contained the names of 966,012 pensioners, who received $158,800,437.35. DISCRIMINATIONS IN FAVOR OF NEW LAW AND AGAINST OLD LAW CLAIMANTS. Three hundred and seventy- even thousand two hundred and three invalid re- ceived pension under the act of June 27, 1890, and only 365,403 under former laws. 82,132 invalids and 72,482 widows receive $8 p^r month under the act of June 27, 1890, while only 63,790 of these two classes (invalids and widows) receive this amount under the general law. 214,379 recaive $12 p3r month under the act of Jime 27, 1890, while only 151,660 receive this^imount under the general law. A contemplation of these and foregoing facts shows that if dhe justice and usefulne s of any system for the bestowal of pensions depend upon the uniformity of its operation that the Republican administration has fallen woefully short of a proper a ^pr jciation of the beneficent design underlying the pension system in discrimi- nating a gainst pai-ticular localities, for partisan ends, and against the wounded or invalid soldiers whose disabilities were incurred in the service and line of duty, or are directly traceable thereto, and in favor of a less worthy class. UNEQUAL AND UNFAIR RATINGS RESULTING FROM LAX PRACTICES OF REPUBLICAN AD- MINISTRATIONS. Prior to Decemb3r 4, 1891, the rate for loss of sight of an eye was $8 per month. Those placed on the ro:is prior to ,this time, under tin act of June 27, 1890 for loss of sight of an eye are receiving $8 per month while those placed on the rolls since that date were given $8 per month to December 4, 1891, and $12 ther.^after. The same incongruities prevail in the ratings in regard to hernias, deafness, etc. There are, therefore, now on the pension roll two sets of pensioners under both the new and t;he old law, the former reciving one rate of pension and the latter a differ- ent rate for the same disability. Under ruling 249 (Xovemb3r 2, 1892), when the change of time of reluction of rates for some degrees of deafness was made, there were added to the schedule sev- eral minor degrees of deafness, so that now it is possible for all who heretofore (prior to the issuing of Order 257, February 28, 1894, ) had their pensions for deafness 182 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. allowed from the date when first shown in a ratable degree under the then existing schedule to get a rerating and arrearages of from $1 to $2 per month from date of discharge, if claim was filed prior to July 1, 1880, or from date of filing in those filtd on or subsequent to July 1, 1880, to the date when under the former schedule and practice of the office the disability was shown in a ratable degree by a medical ex- amination. These glaring inequalities and discriminations, due to the mischievous practices of the Republican administration, have been corrected by the Democratic Secretary and Commissioner as far as possible in the brief period they have been in power by Order 257, above referred to. Another vicious practice, which seems to have been devised for the benefit of pension attorneys exclusively, was the issuance of a cer- tain kind of certificate called "supplemqjitary certificate," which often had tl.e effect of giving the attorney two fees when the amount allowed the claimant was scarcely sufficient to pay these fees. And another was the allowance of certain restorations for disabilities shown to have long since eeased to exist, and still another, the Bureau informing the claim- ant that the disability for which he claims did not exist, but others did, for which he was required to send up an application, upon which pension was promptly al- lowed. "sympathetic affidavits." Sympathetic affidavits are responsible for much of the evil that has arisen in the ' administration of the pension laws. These machine affidavits, written by the claim- ant or his attorney, have been placed before comrades or neighbors who oftentimes, without reading them, signed them and they were filed in pension claims. This evil has been corrected by Commissioner Lochren's Order No. 229, which requires that affiants shall have personal knowledge of the matters to which they testify in accordance with law. * LARGE APPROPRIATIONS FOR PENSIONS, The Appropriations Committee of the Fifty-sec(^id Congress appropriated in all $323,800,437. During the fiscal year ending June 30, 1894, 76,946 claims were filed under all laws, and 80,213 claims were allowed. At the close of business June 30, 1894, 619,027 claims of all classes were pending, and the total number of pensioners on the rolls was 969,544. Of these 375,084 are invalids under the new law, and 362,274 under the old. In 1891, the first year after the passage of the act of June 27, 1890, under Ordei 164, 138,21(5 names were added to the rolls; the next year there was an increase of 61,692; the next year there was a remarkable falling off, and only 89,944, less than half the number of the preceding year, were added to the rolls. If this ratio were continued it is apparent that the number added to the rolls will in a short while not greatly exceed the number dropped on account of death and other causes. As has been heretofore stated, after the rescinding of Order 164 by the Weike decision of January 7, 1893, under the Republican ^idministration, allowances fell from 78 3-10 per cent of all claims examined to 33! per cent, less than half the rate at which they were allowed immediately prior ther^-to. During the last administration, after the passage of tlie act of .June 27, 1890, word was passed round that at least 1,000 certificates a day must be turned out, leaving out of couhideration a large number of other cases which must be handled — rejected or otherwise passed upon. 9 THE FRIEND OF THE SOLDIER. 183 Some idea mav be gleaned of the manner in which medical and legal opinions ,nd decisions were rendered in cases which in some instances involve thousands of lollars, from the fact that a single examiner passed upon 2,400 cases in a single Qonth', giving an average of less than four minutes to each case. The impossibility )f rendering intelligent decisions at such a rate is evident, when it is reflected that .he examiner is supposed to carefully read the application for pension, the evidence rearing upon it, closely scrutinize the certificate of physical examination, and after larefuUy weighing the testimony make up his judgment and endorse the same upon ,he face brief. When Commissioner Lochren assumed charge of the Pension Bureau, it was soon ipparentto him that under this " thousand-a-day" pressure, the requirements of ihe law were being ignored, and thousands of cases allowed which, when they were oeing considered, contained but three papers— claimant's application, his own state- ment of the case; what is.known in office nomenclature as the " canary-slip," con- taining the date of his entering the service and leaving it merely, not saying any- thing about whether he was honorably or dishonorably discharged, either by sen- tence of court-martial or desertion ; and the certificate of physical examination. Upon these three papers alone tens of thousands of names were put upon the rolls with no right to be there, and under pretense of law the revenues of the Government were given away. An idea of the mischief wrought by these skeleton " canary -slips ' may be ob- tained from an examination of the case of certificate No. 680, 869. The first ' 'canary- slip " report in this case gave 95 days' service. The s 'cond, a full report, gave 30 days' service only. The soldier was pensioned on the first report at $12 per month, and this is but one of a large number of the same character. The first " cana-y- slip" reportsof the War Department indicated that the fifth and sixth Delaware regiments served from November, 1862, to August, 1863. Quite a large number of claims were allowed to these persons. April 8, 1891, the War Department, how- ever, informed thi bureau, in a general letter, that none of the men of the fifth and sixth Delaware volunteers served 90 days during the war of the rebellion, inas- much as General Schenk did not call them into actual service prior to June, 1863, SPECIAL CASES. Oneof the most crying abuses of the Tanner-Raum regime was the making of claims " special " at the behest of claim agents and politicians. It meant the tak- ing up of a case out of its turn, regardless of the date of filing, discriminating against all other cases, delaving meritorious claims, and very often it meant allow- ing them upon very meagre evidence if the pressure behind them was strong enough. It was a notorious fact that during the Republican administration a claim agent, who had placed the Commissioner of Pensions under financial obligations, had no less than 50 of such cases called up and made special in a single day, and the private secretarv of this Commissioner had a rubber special stamp made, the better to accommodate this obliging attorney. When this private secretary was turned out of r.ffice there were found in his desk no less than 2,000 reference slips of the pension attorney heretofore referred to, all of which had been marked " spe- cial," the intention being to rush those 2,000 cases through the office in an irregu- lar and unlawful manner. From July 1, 1890, to July 1, 1892, during which a record of these cases was kept, Raum had 13,578 of these cases made special. The feeling was general that 184 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK, certain persons could get pension;? by irregular means, while others with meritorious claims had to wait. So bold had they become that the Republican pension agent at Topeka, Kansas, said in a campaign speech, at a meeting of old soldiers in the fall of 1892, that " if they (the soldiers) voted the Populist ticket they would ] their pensions, and they ought to do so." I'EXSION OEFICE CLERKS RERATiNG THEIR OWX PENSIONS. Pension office clerks rerated their own pensions, and Commissioner Lochren, on assuming the duties of his position, discovered that muny of the employees of the bureau, whose pensions were increased and rerated by th-^ir fellow-clerks during Corpoi-al Tanner's regime, and without any warrant of law, had never had their pensions reduced, and the orders requiring such reduction were pigeon-holed by Tanner and Eaum. So great was the scandal caused by this collusion that many of the clerks who had no political "pull" were disuiis-ed "upon con ideration appertaining to a correct public service," and Hiram Smith, Jr., Republican first deputy com nis- sioner, who had his own pension rerated in violation of law, resigned " in compli- ance with request." WJIOLESALE FRAUDS. ( Vide Stateinen's of Former Rcpahllcan Comin'ssloners R'lath-e to Fran Is, etc., p. 12.) First in point of numbers come what are known as the W. Bowen Moore cases, Buffalo, New York. It has been shown that many of the affidavits filed by him were not sworn to and others were materially added to. About 6,000 of his cases have been submitted for investigation. Out of 229 of these cases 137 declarations were filed which are entirely invalid ; 87 affidavits were found false in fact; 456 false in execution and in fact ; 527 false in execution, making a total ot 1,070 false and fraudulent papers. $10,498 would be due up to date on the inva'id declara- tions in pending claims. |19,415 have been paid out to date on illegal declarations, and $13,169 paid out in claims shown to be wholly without merit. $22,495 have been saved from claims which would have been allowed, had not the investigation been instituted, and $2,203 in illegal fees have been collected by 3Ioore in claims in which he was the attorney. This gives a total of $6'3,577, which has been illegally paid out in consequence of these frauds. Second, New Mexico cases. About 1,700 of these cases are under investigation. One Marcellino, notary public and pension attorney, manufactured claimants as well as evidence to support claims. He forged signatures and endorsements to checks and vouchers, conrerted the money to his own use, plead guilty on 27 counts^ and is now undergoing a seven years' sentence. Out of 240 of these New Mexico claims, t m were found to be deserters, 44 were never on the muster rolls, eight had no service, two were never discharged, one was cashiered, making 65 in all, and 43 per ct-nt showed tieatiuent iu the sarvice for venereal disease. The amount of actual saving in these New ^Mexican cases is $1,130,259.06, and the future annual saving will exceed another million. Third, Indian Territory cases. About 1,400 have been referred for investigation. In these cases an untutored child of the forest (a Creek Indian) Thomas Deer, by manufacturing declarations and affidavits by the wholesale, defrauded the Govern- ment of the United States out of tens of thousands of dollars. Fourth, Van Leuven of Iowa ca.se.s. About 1,200 in number. It was part of THE FRIEND OF THE SOLDIER. 185- Van Leaven's plan to corrupt boards of examining surgeons, and he was able to have such examinations aiid ratings as he desired, and even had tliJ original certi- ficates of the examining board submitted to him before they wero sent to the Pen- sion Bureau. Fifth, Norfolk, Va., c.ises, of which there are about 550, filed mostly by W. R. Drury, at present serving a term of imprisonment, and who manufactured alike claimants, declarations and evidence. In 167 of his cases recommended to be dropped from the roll there were paid to the pensioners under the act of June 27, 1890, the sum of $54,074.43, and the future saving will be about $343,260.39. In- cluding all cases in which Drury figured it is estimated that the Governmeut has been robbed to the extent of at least $650,000. « In addition to the foregoing, to show the universality of these fraudulent practice.-, there have been referred for investigation about 300 cases, in which one C. W. Lewis, of Tennessee, has violated many of the pension laws, and who is now serving an extended term in the penitentiary. About 100 claims filed by T. A. Dunlap, of Nashville, Tenn., in which many frauds have been found, and nearly 800 claims of persons residing in various por- tions of Louisiana, in which frauds have been discovered. Scarcely a day passes but that the name of some person is reported to the Bureau as having been guilty of a violation of the penal statutes. THE KEPOBLICAX RECORD. Under the act of Jun_- 27. 1890— Numbe less names were put upon the pension roll regardless of the requirement, of at least 90 days' service. Dishonorably discharged soldiers and bounty-jumpers were pensioned. Many who draw the maximum amount ($12 per month) are earning a living at manual labor as they have always done, and some are ra ed the richest men in the towns in which they live. Pension jumpers of both sexes have been allowed two or more pensions. Under Order 164, inability to perform manual labor vva^ never taken into consid- eration, and in. consequence more than 100,000 pensioners, with no legal right, were put upon. the rolls, anl the Treasury depleted in the soldier's name. Many of the leist meritorious claims under this act of those who were soldiers only in name were preferred to the crippled heroes whose claims under the general laws re nained unsettled. Though only three years in operation more pensioners are receiving $8 or $12 per month under tliis law than under all former laws. Jn somg cities the number of pen loners under this act is as large as the number who draw under all acts enacted during the previous twenty-five years. Under the last Admin stration^ Republican clerks and officials high in the Pension Bureau rerated their own pensio^is, filching thousands of dollars from tlie Treasury. A Republican Commissioner (Tanner) declared it to be his intention to raid the pubhc Treasury with "steam-shovel and gravel-tra n," and " God help the surplus when he got up steam enough." Public pla>e in the Pension Office was given lor bribe. Orders 149 and 151, known as the "Completed Files" orders, it was openly charged, were issued at the instance of George E. I^mon, a millionaire Washington claim agent. 186 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. All sorts of incongnious ratings grew out of lax procedure and those with like disabilities received different ratings. ^lac'hinery was made accessible to pension attorneys for procuring discharges for men who left their companies and went to Canada during the war. The Pension Office was used for partisan plirposes. It was called upon to help the Republican party to power by granting pensions as fast as possible in doubtful States and districts. Pensions were promised for votes, and pensioners threatened if they did not vote the Republican ticket. Cases by the thousand were made special for certain pension attorneys, and often allowed upon insufficient testimony, while no attention was paid to the poor soldiers who were gating small pensions for woun 's or diseases actually incurred* in the seivice. Because they had no "pull " they could not get a hearing under Tanner or Raum. In open violation of the law employees of the Pension Office wei'e put upon the track of certain Democratic members of Congress, in ord_*r, if possible, to encompass their defeat at the polls. Tins is the RepuhUcan record. CONXLUSIOX. When the Democratic administration took charge of the Bureau of Pens'ons it was resolved to inaugurate an era of administrative reform to the end that (1) there shall be equality and not discrimination as to the meritorious soldiers in the measure of the ration's bounty; that their cases, long in the pigeon-holes of the Pension Office under the Republican party's control, shall have been disposed of and the least expensive and most expeditious mode to obtain a certificate vouchsafed them; (2) that the name of every pen^oner on the pension roll to whom pensions should not be granted who have been placed thereon because of fraud, crime, error, or laxity, shall, without hazar ing the just rights of others, be !-tricken therefr )m. The pension roll was purged, and distinction made between brave men who loyadv served their country and those who skulked. Corrupt examining boards and attorneys were punished, machine affidavits were put an end to. »There will be no more wholesale making of cLii ns special in the interest of a favored pension attorney. Peculation in every form will be put a stop to. The " completed files " ' was discontinued. Claim agents frequently reported cases complete where the necessary ev dence had not been filed, retarding the work of the Bureau — one of two things had to be done, either settle claims finally when the agents said they were complete, rejecting those where evid nee was lacking, as would be done in a case at law called for tri 1, or abolish the system altogether; the latter course was considered more favorable to the claimant — a salu- tary reform. The making out of " s'atisbic 1 cards" has been (is continued, and fifty- wo clerks, formerly employed upon this unnecessary work, were put upon the legiti- mate work of the office — adjudicating claims. The " canary -slip " form of report from the War Department has been done away with, and in its stead a proper military histury of the soldier must be given. Pre- cedence is no longer given to cases i;nder the act of June 27, ISVIO, but claims for pension under all laws are settled in their order in accordance with the law and the evidence. A majority of the cases where the claim has been rejected since the advent of the Democratic administration are cases which were in the office before its advent, and THE FRIEND OF THE SOLDIER. 187 had been neglected by the preceding administration in the hurry and skirrry of skinning out the files, selecting cases easiest adjudicated before the Democratic ad- ministration came in. This in brief is the Demoeaatic record, upon which it is proposed to appeal to the duty soldier, who fought the battles of his country, has a record to be proud of, and courts investigation, that it might go down to future generations of his countrymen that he was a REAL so d er. Fraudulent pensioners can be relied upon to support the party that would shield tliem from investigation and exposure, and above alf from the danger of losing the gains of their perfidy. It is believed that the time has come when the real soldiers and taxpayers of the land will sustain the men whose courage and honesty .impelled them to the patriotic efibrt to save the pension roll from dishonor and the taxpayer from pillage. 188 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. The Danj^ers of Popnlism. OF HO^. JAMES P. PIGOTT, OF CONNECTICUT, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, Monday, August 13, 1894. Mr. Speaker, the high-water mark of profligacy was reached by the Republicin par- ty during the last Administration, when Government appropriations exceeded a bil- hon of dollars for a Congress, when a tariff bill was passed upon the avowed principle of revenue for monopolies only, and a desperate attempt was made to pei-petuate the spoilers in power through the instrumentality of a Federal election law and a Con- gressional returning board. In the last year of its.existence the Fiftj'-first Congress appropriated an amount exceeding §)o20,'000,000, and the registrar of the decrees of the trust and monopolies, whose name was properly given to the McKinley bill, vauntingly exclaimed that expenditures would increase, for this was a "billion- dollar country." Now, notwithstanding the large increase for pensions, postal deficiencies, and other necessary expenditures, including a very large amount for rivers and harbors, the appropriations made by the present Congress are some $40,000,000 less than those of the last year of the late Republican Congress, $29,000,000 below those of the last session of the Fifty-second Congress, and by legislative reforms having the sanction and act ve co-operation of the Kxecirtive Departments, once more in the hands of Democratic officials, still further reductions will be made, while at the same time the public service will be imp! oved. ******* We have returned once more, as I have shown, to the good old Democratic policy of economy in expenditures, a policy enunciated in the first D raocratic platform adopted in a national convention, and adliL-red to under all circumstances. It is, indeed, a fundamental Democratic principle, as much so as home rule, taxation for revenue, strict construction of the powers granted in the Constitution, or any of the * great pillars upon which Jefferson founded the only political party that was born with the Constitu ion and continued its existence to the ])re.sen"t time, renewing its youth in the fountain of the people's welfare as new problems are proposed for solution. Sir, as we reflect upon the history of our country since the close of the civil war we have good reason for concluding that the people have pronduncrd finally against the kind of paternal goverimi nt that culiniuated in tlie McKinley tarill' and the fraud and furce bill. But, sir, we are now confronted with paternalism in a more insidio s form. Taking opportunity of the distressed condition into which Republican policy has plunged the country, thi- attempt is made to drive the people from the support of t:ie only people's party — the Democratic party — and array them under the banners of pateinalism, under a new name and under a new form. AVhat do the people want? Is it economy in Government expenditures? They will secure that tinder DANGERS OF POPULISM. 189 ,he banner of the Democratic party. Is it low taxes? That too, is one ot the uoudest purposes of the Democracy. Is it home rule ? Where ese will they fimi texceptunder Democratic government? Is it sound money? The Democratic jartv ha« always stood for sound money— gold and silver com— since the day ot its Dirth These are really what the people want, but ihe leaders who have inaugu- -ated the so-called PopuHst party propose to conduct them into no such pastures, rheir idea of government is paternalism of the worst kind. Every public ill, im- iginary or real, is to be cured by some patent legislation. Money is to be printed, not coined, and distributed, not earned. . ., , , . * ^ / Government, which is supposed to have been instituted under our system to at- / t^nd to public aftairs and leav,' the people free to attend to their own, is to be called/' nnon to ineddle with private rights, and we are to be forced mto an unwilling part- nership between the individuals and the Government, which would end in bank- ruDtcv before the close of a brief session of the American Congress, io show that I do not exac^gerate, ]Mr. Speaker, let me call attention to some of the many meas- ure* introduced into Congress by Populist Senators and Representatives, some ot which if enacted, would change our Cons itutional Government into a social des- potism', and others would require the expenditure of more than four times the sum of the coined money of tlie world. i • xi o t Herewith I present a synopsis of some of the schemes proposed m the Senate or the House by Populist members : NEW WAY TO PAY OLD DEBTS. •Eenre^entative Davis of Kansas, in his bill No. 3436, has devised a plan which amounts" to a new way to p ly old debts. Under its provisions any defaulting mort^a^e debtor is declared a bankrupt and his creditor cannot collect the debt due him°except from the United States, in the following manner: The mortgage debtor i* to procure on ab-tract of title and certificate of value of land and im- Drovements from the register of deeds of the county, upon presentation of whicli to th- county treasur r, the latter official is to draw on the Treasurer ot the Lnited States for the amAint due, including official fees, and when paid shall constitut^ a lien upon the property, the county record to be marked Settled by the Lnited States Government," and the debtor to be allowed twenty years to pay, the annual inte est charge being but 1 per cent. , , ^ , i. u To provide the funds necessary for the purposes ot the act, legal tenders are to be printed and issued from time to time as required . The above to be the only method bv which a mortgagee can collect his debt, until such time as the aggregate circula- tion of lawful monev of the United States shall reach, and as long as it shall con- tinue at S50 per capita of population (say at the present time three and a third bilhons of dollars) not counting lawful reserves in banks and other fixed and non- circulating deposits required by law. LOANS TO STATES. To provide the several States with monev to make improvements, loan money to counties, municipalities, and needy individuals. Representative Clover of Kansas proposed in his bill 6254 (Fifty-second Congress) to issue legal tenders to any State filing bonds with the Treasurer, payable at tliQ option of the State, bearing interest; at 2.f per cent, and in any sum not exceeding 50 per cent of the assessed value ot the taxable property of the State making application. MUNICIPAL LOAN BILL. Ex-^e preventative Clover of Kansas believes the United States Government should help all cities, and to do this proposed in House bill 3999, Fifty-second Con- gress to loan money to all cities and municipalities not exceeding $oO,000 to any Sue municipality, and provided no issue shall be made to any one municipality in excess of 20 per cent of the assessed value of its taxable property, for not exceeding aperiod of 50 vears, and at 2A per cent per annum. To provide money to make these^loans legal-tender Treasury notes are to be printed by the Treasury Department. 190 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. LOAN BUKEAU. Senator Peffer, Populist Senator from Kansas, introiuced into the Senate a bill (S. 976) "to establish a bureau of loans," with a central agency in each State, Ter- ritory, and district, and local agents wherever required, with discretion to loan to each' individual oflering real estate security not exceeding 160 acres, and who lias a house thereo:i which is mortgaged, or who not having such house desires to build one, not exceeding §2,503 to any one Individual, for not exceeding ten years with stays of foreclosure proceedings that extend the peri.id to flftesn years ; also establishes loan agencies in places having public store-houses, to loan to individuals having store-housa certificates not exceeding two-thirds of the face valu? of the same. To provide immediate means to carry out this law about $70 ),0)0, 00 J of paper money, full legal tender, is to be iss led at once, and when tint is disposed of the balance of the money in the Treasury not otherwise appropriated is to be used from time to time. Somewhat similar is the loan bill of Representative Simpson (H. R. 5073, Fifty - second Congress), which provides for loans upon land in tracts of not less than 10 nor more than 320 acres, of not exceeding ten years at 2 per cent per ann.im. A buremof loans is constituted, with an agency in each State and a sub-agent in each Congressional district. Legal tenders are to be issued fast enough to meet the demands. LOAN BANK. Representative Ke.m of Nebraska introduced int:) the House a bill (H. R. 5446) to establish a system of Government banking, under which there can be one Gov- ernment bank in ea^h county, managed by dire tors varying in salary from $2,00) to $4,000 per annum, at whose direction money may be loaned to "individuals in sums not exceeding |3,000, and if on real estate security for a term not exceeding twenty years ; if on note for not exceeding on^ y ar. To procu-e money to mak-e the loans, the United States is to issue legal tenders, variously estimated in imount, at from one billion to one billion and a quarter of dollars ; also deposits to be received on which interest of 3 per cent is to be paid, and said deposits tc^be loaned out as above. All gold and silver certificates are to be redeemed in legal tenders. In histhree bills (H. R. 6660, 100D9, an 1 10105), Fifty-second C mgress. Repre- sentative "Watson shows the capabilities of the Government to manage all the affairs of the people and manufacture many b llions of dollars of piper money to float both crops and mortgages. House bill (3660 provides for the establis'iment of a sub- treasury in every county, and the construction of subtreasurybaildings upon county sites to be chosen by the citizens of the respective counties, who shall also elect the manager of such subtreasury, who shall receive a salary of $1,503 per year. The owner of any cotton, wheat, corn, or oats, or tob icco can deposit his produce in the nearest subtreasury for safe keeping and receive in greenbacks 80 per cent of the value the local county ujanager shall place upon it, and alsoaneg itiable warehousi' certificate bearing 1 per cent per annum interest, upon the surrender of which and paying loan, the holder receives back produce of the same kind and value. To start the wheels of this many-million-dollar project, fifty millions of greenbacks are to be printed at once. By bill 10099 ^Ir. Watson proposed the appointment of a national grain inspector with a salary of $10,000 a year who shall appoint an inspector for each State at a salary of $5,000 per year, who in turn shall appoint local inspectors for each county, or parish, or district of each State, there being no limit fixed to the number of such deputies, who are to provide warehouses or elevators for the storage of cotton and wheat, and give certificate of quan.tities and value to the person storing the same. The postmaster at the nearest post ofiice is to receive such certificjite and issue to the holder ther^'of a postal money order for two-thirds the certified value thereof. To carry out the act the Secretary of the Treasury is to start up the print- ing presses and issue such amount of greenbacks to the Postmaster General as may be required from time to time, not to exceed $100,000,000. In House bill 10495 Mr. Watson prop ised the appointment of a "s{:)ecial auditor of tlie Treasury," salary $10,000 per year, and a deputy for each State, who sliall appoint one land inspector in each Congressional district in his State. Any person owning land in city or country upon which is his home, or which he will swear he DANGERS OF POPULISM. ^ 191 intends to make a home, who desires to borrow money from the United States, may do so upon the approved certiticate of the deputy auditor, after gonig tlirougli cer- tain form« receiving two-thirds of the estimate:! value of the land, upon givnig a mort•^i^ge to the United States, to be payable in five years at the rate of 1 per cent per annum. The amount of greenbacks to be printed under this bill is limited to one hundred mill.ons. SPECIMEN PENSION BILLS. Representative Hudson of Kansas, in his bill (H. R. 3186) proposes to settle all pension^ bv the pavment at once to each one now borne on the rolls, Or that may be hereafte'r placed upon them, a lump sum ten times the annual amount of such pension This would reniire the immediate expenditure, as fast as the money couid be printed of §1,500,000,000, and is to be made in Treasury notes or green- bick* "substantiallv in the s;ime form as the greenbacks issued by the Government during the late war," except they shall be legal tender for all debts, public and private. OTHER PENSION BILLS. Representative Davis proposes in bill 4339 to pension every person who served in the war more than ninety days and less than a vear at the rate of $10 per month; who served one vear and less than two years, $15 per month; wlio served two years •ind less than three vears, $20 per month, and to all who served three years or more,, *!-'5 per month. The Commissioner of Pensions, to whom the I. ill was referred, estimated that if this bill became law, the sum required for pensions this year alone would exceed $460,000,000. Under the bill, legal tenders are to be issued in pay- ™Snator \llex's service pension bill (S. 2124) would require the first year an ex- penditure of $350,000,000. ,,<.-, „ u-,WO . o-Q Vff Senator Peffek's pension bill, known as the "cent-a-day bill (Senate oo8, l^itty- cecondCo gress), is a trifle as compared with Representative Hudson's lump-sum bill It places everv soldier, sailor, and marine on the pension rolls, and requires the issue o^" a curious currency in denominations from 5 cents to $10, to be rectang- ular in form, the larger notes to be 6i inclies long by 2| inches wide, the smaller notes to be marked across the face, "service pension money." To start the ball $105,000,000 are to b? issued at once. INDUSTRIAL ARMY. In his bin (H. R. 6767) Mr. Davis of Kansas, with a preamble declaring that "Whereas the wisdom of our forefathers in the preamble of the Constitution of the United States made am pie provision in the phrase 'to promote the general welfare / for such enlarged governmental functions and progressive economic measures as the / erowing nt-eds and the emergencies of the country might require," provides tor the enlistment 'a fast a^ practicable" of 500,00J men in an industrial volunteer army, to be clothed, fed, and paid as are recruits in the regular Arm v. As it costs our government a thousand dollars a year for each soldier, the annual expenditure called for by this bill would be not less than half a billion of dollars. Mr. Dv\'is provides for an additional issue of $300,000,000 of legal tenders at once, and $100,000,000 a year thereafter, "to create and pre:erve an increasing and equitable volume of currency hereafter." charity funds. To provide for the immediate relief of the destitute. Senator Peffer proposes in Senate bill 1300 to appropriate $6,300,000, to be expended by State boards of com- missioners at the rate of $1 per each ten inhabitants in any county. prov In ioint resolution 166, Representative Boen instructs the Secretary of War to ovide camping grounds and tents for all "organized bodies of laboring people who may come within the said District" of Columbia, and the War Office is "to see to it" "that their "rights as citizens, organizations, and individuals are respected and protected." internal improvements. Representative Boen of Minnesota introduced a bill in the House (7908) which provides for the issue of $1,000,000,000 in legal-tender notes, of which amount five hundred millions is to be expended in five years in building or purchasing railroads. 192 i DEMOCRATIC CAxMPAIGN BOOK. two hundred and fifty millions for improving rivers, and not less than two hundred and fifty millions for' purchasing sites and building post offices " in each village or city containing 1,000 or more inhabitants." To carry out the law would require, as variously estimated, from one and a half billions to two and a half billions, but only the issue of one billion of extra notes is provided for. INCREASE OF CURRENCY. In addition to other means of increasing the volun e of the currency, Represen- tative Simpson proposes in his bill 4-il2 to have the Government purchase all the gold and silver that is offered, issuing silver or gold certificates to the sellers at the rate of $1 for each 371.25 grains of silver. Then the Secretary is to coin all the gold and silver now in the Treasury or that may be thereafter purchased, and to issue Treasury certificates — $2 in Treasury notes for each dollar in coin. It is estimated this would soon give a total circulation of $3,000,000,000. In his tax bill (H. R. 5448) Representative Davis proposes to substitute the tariff' act of 1SS3 for the ^NIcKinley act, with horizontal reductions, one-fourth in 1894, ,' one-third of the remainder in 1805, and one-fourth of the remainder in 1896, with certain additions to the free list ; to provide revenue, incomes and land are to be taxe 1, and three hundred and fifty millions of greenbacks are to be issued the first year, and annually thereafter :5100,000,000. Senator Kylk, in Senate bill 2531 ( Fifty -second Congress), proposes au unlimited issue of fractional currency, to be paid out to persons applying therefor to any post- master ; and Representative McKeigiiax, iu House bill 6010, proposes the". same, limiting the legal-tender qualities of the currency, however ; and Representative Davis, in House bill 6003, concurs with Senator Kyle restricting the issue to 650,000,000. Representative Davis, in House bill 5386, proposes " that if at any time the cur- rent revenu s of the Government shall be insufficient to meet the current expenses the Secretary of the Treasury shall issue non-interest-bearing Treasury notes," full legal tender. He is also required not to pay in gold more than one-l;alf of any coin ■obligation, and is required to coin at once all the silver in the Treasury, to issue ■silver certificates "all uncoined silver," " to pay out 66j per cent of all silver now in the Treasury, and never hereafter to retain in tlfe Treasury in silver an amount exceeding one-third of silver coin for the redemption of outstanding silver certifi- •cates." salsoli kali tragus. Mr. BoKN, Representative from Minnesota, proposes to begin the destruction of the salsoli kali tragus wherever found on public or private property, and his bill would appropriate $1,000,000 (House bill 5745) to inaugurate the process. RAIN WATER AND IRRIGATION. Various bills have been introduced by Populist Senators and Representatives to authorize "the control of water for agricultural purposes," "to provide means for gathering and storing rain witer," "to establish a bureau of irrigation," and so on, •of which the following specimens are quoted : Representative Davis proposes ( House bill 7896) the immediate issue of $20,000,000 - in greenbacks to be issued by the Secretary of Agriculture merely "to inaugurate a systematic control of water in the interest of agriculture." " Representative Baker of Kansas asks a modest sum to enable the Secretary of A<:ricuiture to provide means for gathering and storing rain water. House bill 7SS7. St-nator Pekfer has introduced IMr. Davis's bill into the Senate (Senate bill 2279). Jjut he proposes more radical measures in his bill (S. 1168), which provides for a bureau of irrigation which is t;> dig for water, dam water, or ditch water, the appro- priation for the purpose not being liuiited in amount, provided it does not exceed the amount of money in the Treasury not otherwise tippropriated. some other theories. According to the Populist theory Congress is omnipotent, and the people in the «v l^tat^es, counties, and municipalities are to have no voice in managing their lociil ^ nff"airs, provided Congress wills otherwise. As examples of this overtopping power ; -e following Populist measures are quoted : DANGERS OF POPULISM. 193 In Senate bill 1182 ( Fifty -tliirJ Cougreos) Senator Pei fur provides not only that no whiskies, beers, wines, or otlier intoxicants sliall be imported into the United States, but also that no wliiskics, b?,n-s, wines, or other intoxicants (domestic or imported) shall be sold in the Uaited States "except what raiy be necessary for medicinal, scientific, and sacramental purposes." Of course ever-v- one knows that such legislation would be waste piper, as Ooagress has not be n\ granted by the people any such police power. Railways are to be managed according to act of Congress. If Representative BoEX has his way every railway must carry the mails, but Representative Boen, in House bill 7G3S, insists that no passenger coach shall be attached to mail trains, but shall consist solely of an engine, ten ler, caboose, and postal cars. Tlie Gov- ernment, which in this bill is the Postmaster General, is to fix th 3 schedule time of this train and is to pay as much or as little as that ofticial agrees with himself to pay, but the railways may haul mail cars with passenger trains when their traffic is not interrupted "by strikes or other labor disturbances." Senator Kyle proposes in Senate joi it resolution 73, that Congress -shall have " exclusive jurisdiction to regulate marriage and divorce in the several States and Territories." and Representative Bell of Colorado, insists in House joint resolu- tion 124 that the women of th_» country shall vote at all elections, present local laws to the contrary notwithstanding, while Representative Pence does not consider it necessary to take the trouble to amend the Constitution, as that instrument re- quires, to prescribe qualifications for voters, but proposes in House bill 5748 that women shall vote for members of the House of Representatives. LIGHTS AND RAILROADS. Senator Peffer, in Senat ■ bill 1972, provides that in cer4:ain contingencies the United States shall purchase a railroad system and manage it. In Senate bill 1179 the same Senator proposes that the United States shall go into the lighting business in the District of Columbia; said light to be supplied to citi- zens at 10 per cent above cost; and $1,000,000 is appropriated. A comprehensive committee. Representative Beli, provides in joint resolution 169 for the appointment of a committee to "devise means for the employment of the idle men of the country, restrict immigration, start up mines, increase the currency, and for other pur- poses." Therefore, etc., the committee in "thirty days" is to report a plan "by which our idle men miy be re-employed n our mines and in building canals for the reclamation of the arid Ian Is, or upon triinsportation, telegraph, or telephone lines of the United States, or in some other public or private works." Legal tenders are to be issued " commensurate with our increasing population ; " laws are to be passed to protect and preserve such labor for our own workmen ; in- terest-bearing bonds are to be no longer issued by the United States, but means to be devised wherebv States and municipalities may " secure an issue of money on such bonded securities as cheaply as national banks secui-e notes on Government bonds," and means to be pointed out whereby money "instead of bonds held ex- clusively for hire and investment " may be used in developing industries and enter- prises. recapitulation. V/ithout duplicating the amounts carried in the bills quoted where their modes or purposes are similar, the following recapitulation will show the sura total of ap- propriations required to meet the bills named : Representative Davis's bill (No. 3436) providing for the loan to cer- tain mortgage debtors is estimated to require not less than the sum of $10,000,000,000 Representative Clover's bill (No. 6254, Fifty -second C^ongress) to loan to States, etc. , 50 per cent of assessed valuation of property is estimated to require exceeding .-. 12,000,000,000 Representative Clover's bill (No. 3999, Fifty-second Congress) is variously estimated to require the sum of from §8,000,000,000 to $15,000,000,000, say 10,000,000,000 194 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Senator Peffer's bill (No. 97G) to loan not exceeding $2,500 to any individual applying having real estate security provides for an imm^'diate issue of not less than $700,000,000, and an ultimate issue of much more, but is not estimated in the total, being similar in principle to House bill 3436, above quoted. Representative Kem's bill (No. 5446), where not included in previous estimates, would require an issue of not less than 1,000,000,000 Mr. Watson's various bills are not estimated, being included in their princip es in previous estimates. Representative Hudson's pension bill (H. R. 3186) would require the immediate issue of 1,500 000 Oi>() Representative Davis's industrial artoy bill (H. R. 6767) would re- quire an annual expenditure of 500,000, 0()() Senator Peffer's charity bill (S. 1300) appropriates 6',300'000 Representative Boen's bill (H. R. 7908), for internal improvements, app opriates 500,000,000 With an annual appropriation in addition. Representative Boen's bill (H. R. 5745) to exterminate the Russian thistle, appropriates 1,000,000 Senator Peffer's rain water bill (No. 7896) makes an appropria- tion of 20,000,000 Total 35,507,300,000 These estimates do not include any duplication nor many item3 of expenditure proposed in the bills nam3d, nor do they include silarissof the thousands upon thousands of officials to ba appointed under th -ir provisions. As the total esti- mated money of the world, including paper, gold, silver, copper, brass and iron tokens does not exceed $10,100,000,000, it appears that the amount of money called for by the bills named is nearly five times the volume of the currency of the world. What our paper money would be worth under such circumstances anyone of ordinary intelligence knows. It would be worth nothing at all. On July 9, 1894, Senator Pefper submitted a resolution, of which the following is a copy : "In view of existing social and business conditions, and by way of suggesting subjects for remedial legislation; be it ^^ Resolved by the Senate of the United States, First. That all public functions ought to be exercised by and through public agancies. • "Second. That all railroads employed in interstate commarce ought to be brought into one organizatio i under control and suparvision of public officers; that charges for trmsportation of persons and prop3rty ought to be uniform throughout the country; that wages of employees ought to be regulated by law and paid promptly in money. " Third. That all coal beJs o ight to be owned and worked by the States or by the Federal Government, and the wages of all persons who work in the mines ought to be i)rovided by law and paid in money when due. "Fourth. That all money used by the people ought to be supplied only by the Government of the Tnited States; that the rate of interest ought to be uniform in all the States, not exceeding the net averiige increase of the permanent wealth of the people. "Fifth. That all revenues of the Government ought to be raised by taxes on real estate." To carry out the provisions of this resolution would require, at a very moderate estimate, some lifteen billions of dollars, making the total proposed expenditures upwards of fifty billions of dollars. Among the other things that would follow such legislation it will be seen that the enormous amount of money necessary to carry on the Government is to be raised wholly and alone upon real estate. jVre the farmers of the country now ready to add to the burdens they have by a, still further tax to carry out these plans? SHAM CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. 195 Sl&ani CiTil Service Reform. EXTRACT FROM SPEECH! HON. W. D. BYNUM, OF INDIANA, In the House of Representatives, July 31, 1894. Mr. BYNUM said: Mr. Speaker: At no time in the history of the country was the clamor for office so insatiate as upon the accession of the last Republican Administration to power. The old-timers, who had spent most of their lives in office and had bacome imbued with the idea that the Government positions • belonged to them, reenforced by the younger element, who had been almost entirely excluded from the public stalls, came rushing to the Capitol by the thousands, eager to receive a crumb from the table supposed to be so plentifully supplied. Rich and bountiful, however, as was the feast, it only served to sharpen the ap- petites of the hungry horde that swarmed through the lobbies, invaded the White House, filled the Departments and drove the members of the Cabinet to seek re- fuge in their private rooms. The endeavors to appease this inordinate demand re- sulted in the most brutal assaults that were ever committed upon the civil service of the Government. Amongst the many open, flagrant, willful, and corrupt viola- taions of the principles of the civil service during this period was the dismissal from the Railway Mail Service of nearly 3,030 efficient Democratic clerks and the appointment in their stead of inexperienced Republicans. The facts, briefly stated, were as follows: On the 1st day of December, 1888, President Cleveland issued an order placing the Railway Mail Service under the classified service, to take effect on the loth day of March, 1889. Mr. Harrisoii became President on the 4th day of March, 1889, and within one week after his inauguration issued an order extending the time when the order of Mr. Cleveland was to take effect from the 15th day of March to the 1st day of May, 1889. That this extention was made for the sole purpose of enabling the Adminis- tration to make a raid upon the service in the interest of its partisans is as clear as the noonday's sun. From the 4th day of March, 1889, the day on which Mr. Har- rison became President, to the loth diy of May, a period of less than two months, seventeen hundred Democratic clerks, with records for efficiency and integrity theretofore unequaled, were summarily dismissed, and their places filled with virulent Republican partisans without experience. 196 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. The fact, however, that the service became classified on May 1, did not deter Buch reformers as Wanamaker and Lyman from completing the work they had be- gun. They had gotten rid of 2,000 Democratic clerks, the other 1,030 must go, and after that date, when the service becama fully classified, 927 mare clerks were dismissed and 1,212 were appointed by the disgraceful and fraudulent practice of antedating the notices of removals and apppointments. At the time I first introduced the measure I had but a faint conception of the extent to which this abuse had been carried. As soon, however, as the contents of the bill became known, I began to receive letters from every part of the coun- try, giving information as to the ruthless mann?r in which Democrats had been discharged and the indecent haste in which Republicans liad been rushed into their places. While lam not at liberty to give the names, I cannot refrain from publish- mg extracts from a few of these letters, as they convey more forcibly than I can express, the manner in which the work was accomplished: Turkey, N. C, October 2, 1893. Dear Sir: Having seen in the New York World that you had introduced a bill with reference to the restoration to service of ex-Democratic railway i^ostal clerks, and being one of the number myself for whose purpose your bill is intended to se- cure justice, I herewith beg leave to thank as well as congratulate you for the posi- tion thus manifesto i in our behalf. During ]\Ir. Cleveland's first administration I received an appointment as railway postal clerk on one of the trunk lines of the country from Wasliington D. C, to Wilmington N. C., passed my examination ou all the postofiices in Virginia, North Carolina and South Carolina, with a general average aboat 95 per cant; was always prompt and attentive in the discharge of my duty; had my absolute appointment, and was actually under the civil serdce, but was removed May 21, 1880, to gratify a Republican that wanted my place. All the Democrats on mine and connecting roads were removed in like manner. lam yours, Hon. Wm. D. Bynum, Washington, D. C. The most striking illustration, however, of the haste to get rid of Democrats and restore Republicans com ^s from the State o" Maine. I am conscious that the living of that State are always willing to sacrifice themselves in the public service, but I was not aware that in their eagerness to get rid of Democrats they were willing to make requisition upon the sextons of the cemeteries. Such, however, seems to be a fact. Watervile, Me., October 16, 1898. Dear Sir : I received a copy of the bill you introduced in the Ilouss'a short time since, and I wish to say to you that the ex-postal clerks are very much pleased with your undertaking and trust the bill may paiis. In their haste to remove s from the service they appointed one man who had bcL'ii (lea I for more than one year, anoLher who was nearly dead and who told the sup ■rintendcnt that he could not go ba.k, he was too sick; but they made him go on, as they -aid, till they could straighten things out. He went on, and after a few mo.i hs n'signed, went liome, and died. Yours respectfully, Hun. Wiij.ia'm D. Bynum, Coiif/ressman, Washington, D. C. [Laughter and applause.] SHAM CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. 197 APPENDIX. In reply to the fourth inquiry I have to state that the number of clerks ap- pointed, reappointed, or reinstated to said service and who commcnccd'service sub- sequent to the 1st day of May, 1889, though appointed, reappointed, or reinstated upon orders bearing date prior thereto, was 1,212, and the dates upon which said clerks entered upon their duties were as follows : May ]Mav Mav THaV ]\Ia".C Mav May Mav MaV 1, 1880.., 2, 1889.. 3, 1889.. 4, 1889.. 5, 1889.. 6, 1889.. 7, 1880.. 8, 1889.. 0, 1889.. Mav 10, 1889.. Mav 11, 1880.. Mav 12, 1889.. Mav 13, 1889... MaV 14, 1889.., May 15, 1889.. Mav 1(5, 1889.., Mav 17, 1889.. Mav 18, 1889.. ^ ay 19, 1889 . Mav 20, 1889.. May 21, 1889.. Mav 22, 1889.. MaV 23, 1889. . May 24, 1889.. May 2-5, 1889.. Mav 20, 1889. Mav 27, 1889. . Mav 28, 1889. . May 29, 1889. . Mav 30, 1889. . May 31, 1889. June June June June June June June Jnne 1, 1889. 2, 1889. 3, 1889. 4, 1889. 5, 1880. 6, 1880. 7, 1889, 8, 1889. Number of clerks. 145 30 44 40 17 47 30 June 9, 1899. June 10, 1889 June 11, 1889 June 12, 1889 June 13, 1889 June 15, 1889 June 10, 1889 June 17, 1889 June 18, 1889 June 19, 1889 June 20, 1889 June 21, 1889 June 22, 1889 June 23, 1889 June 24, 1889 June 20, 1889 June 29, 1880 June 30, 1880 July 1, 1889 Julv 3, 1889 July 4, 1889 July 7,1889., July 10, 1889. July 15, 1889., July 10, 1889.. July 17, 1889.. July 23, 1889., July 24, 1889.. Aug. 1, 1889., Aug. 3, 1889. Aug. 23, 1889. Aug. 25, 1889., Sept. 25, 1889., Number of clerks. Total for the month of — May 1,032 June. July August , September 156 19 4 1 I have the honor to be, sir, very respectively, Hon. Charles F. Crisp, Speaker of the House of Representatives, Washington, D. C. S. BiSSELL, Postmaster- General. Mr. Speaker: In the palmiest days of Congi-essional spoils, I venture that a record more replete with a debauchery of the public service cannot be found. It has been said by way of excuse that during Mr. Cleveland's administration a large number of experienced and efficient clerks were dismissed from the service to make room 198 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. for Democrats, and that the great number of changes made during that period had impaired the efficiency of the service, and that it was necessary to restore .the old clerks to improve its standard. This assertion is unqualifiedly false. It is a well known fact, and the official re:- ords support me in this statement, that the service had never before attained the standard of efficiency it did during the administration of 'Mr. Cleveland. From the very beginning the service bsgan to improve. From the annual report of the Super- intendent of the Railway Mail Service for the year 1893, I take the following figures ; 7\ihlc of pieces of mail distributed, 'etc., anniutlly since July 1, 1883. Year ending June 30— Number of pieces distributed. Increase. Number of errors. Increase of errors. Decrease of errors. Number c >rrect to each error. 1884 4,519.661,900 4,948,058,400 .5,329,521,475 5,834,690,875 6,528,772,080 8,026,837,130 7,847,723,600 538,145.620 428,397,500 381,462,075 505,479,398 694,081,185 498,065,070 820,886,470 1,167,223 887,704 1,260,443 1,734,617 1,755,821 1,777,295 2,769,245 208,745 .3,872 5 575 1885 ... 279,519 1886 372,739 474,174 31,204 11,474 991,950 4 228 1887 3,36J 3,694 3 954 1888 1889 1890 2,834- It will be seen from the foregoing table that in 1885, the first ye.xr of Mr. Cleve- land's administration, there was an increase of nearly five hundred millions o pieces distributed, and a decrease in the number of errors of nearly three hundred thousand. In 1884 there were 3,872 pieces correctly handled to each error, while in 1885 there were 5,575 pieces correctly handled to each error. During the yeir 1888, the last wholly under Democratic administration, 7,026,837,130 pieces were; handled, with a total of 1,777,295 errors. • To each 3,954 pieces correctly handled there was one error, while durii:^the first: year, wholly under Republican Administration, from July 1, 1889, to July 1, 1890,. 7,847,723,603 pieces were handled, with a total of 2,769,245 errors. The increase oi: errors was 991,950. The first year under the reforms inaugurated by the Republi- cans, the number of pieces correctly handled to each error fell from 3,954 to 2,834.. It thus appears from the official records that in the first year of Mr. Harrison's Administration the standard of efficiency was reduced nearly 28 per cent. SHAM CIVIL SERVICE REFORM. REMARKS OF 199 HON. GEO. W. COOPER. of indiana, In the House of Representatives. Mr. COOPER of Indiana. I stated, as one of the reasons why the cliecking division of the Sixth Aulitor's Office was behind, that the chief of tliat division had occupied much of his time and the time of the clerks in that service in prepar- ing and publishing a life of ex-President Harrison. While I was absent temporarily from the Hall of the House on yesterday, the genleman from Ohio, after having, I will say in justice to him, endeavored to ascer. tain my presence, had read from the Clerk's desk a letter from this ex-chief of the checking division, in which he substantially contradicts the statement made by me. He said, in substance, that that division was about three years behind when he took charge of it, and that the prior Administration of the present President was to blame for that fact, and that during his incamboncy the work was brought up something like a year in advance of what it was when he undertook it. Now, Mr. Chairman, I wish to send to the Cierk's desk and have read a letter from one of the employees of that division, who is still in that service, upon that point. The Clerk read as follows : Treasury Depart.^ient, Office of the Auditor of the Treasury for the postoffice department, Washington, I). C'.,il/oy25, 1894. Sir: In reply to your request of this date, as to a-iy facts I may know relative to Mr. Charles' Hedges, late chief of the checking division. Sixth Auditor's Oflice, having durhig his term of office devoted his lime, or caused clerks and other employees to have devoted their time during office hours to the x:)reparatioi) of a biographical sketch and compilation of speecTi 'S of ex-President Benjamin Harri- son, I have this to state: That I have seen Mr. Hedges very busily engaged at liis official deok, and during office hours, ijreparing writings, which turned (jut to bo "Life and speeches of Hon. Benj. Harrison, President." Mr. Hall, one of his clerks, was at work in his room, using the typ3writer, which seemed strange to mo, as there is no work in that division which requires c ;rrespond.'nce. Sometime thereafter I noticed the room adjoinin.; Il-.e chiefs used a-^ a si.drerojm for books, and upon inspecting them found tliey were I he al"oi-e;_vud miitionod books. jMr. Glendenning, one of iiis clerks, was engagcil in addi-e;-.-iJn,? iliese books to subscribers and postmasters during offic hours, and whilst his name was carried on the rolls. Shortly after, this clerk, a substitute, was appointed to a 5^1,000 posi- 200 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. tion over a Miss Pettigrew, who stood at the top of the list in a competitive axaini- nation for promotion, notwithstanding tliat Thomas B.Reed had interested himself in her behalf. It is the impression of the otfice that the appointment of Mr. Glendenning was the result of his labor for Mr. Hedges. Very respectfully, CHARLES A. GIVEN, Clerk Sixth Auditor's Office. Hon. George W. Cooper, House of Representatives. Mr. COOPER of Indiana. Now, I send forward a letter from another clerk, which I wish to have read. The Clerk read as follows Office of the Auditor of the Treasury FOR the Postoffice Department, Washington, D. C, May 2b, 1894. Sir: In reply to your request of this date for information that I may possess rela- tive to Charles Hedges, late chief of the checking division of the Sixth Auditor's Office, having used the Governm mt's time for his own purposes by working him- self, and, as chief of his division, causing Government employees under him to devote their time during office hours to the preparation of a book containing a bio- gi;aphical sketch aad speeches of Benjamin Harrison, ex-president of the United States, I hav • this to say: It is a matter openly talked th it Judge Thomas, now chief clerk, Postoffice Department and late supsrintende it an 1 disbursing clerk of the Postoffice Depart- ment, compl lined to the chief cl Tk of the Sixth Auditor's Office about one of the rooms of the Busch Building baing occupied by some two wagonloa Is of mail sacks filled with the speeches of Benjamin Harrison, compiled by Cliarles Hedges, and that they were not removed until after complaint had been made. It was' a matter of common discussion in the division at that time that messen- gers, laborers, and clerks were used by Mr. Hedges during office hours, in violation of the rales and regulations of t le Treasury Department, to prepare letters and cir- culars to promote the sale of siid book, to unpack and store away in the Busch Building these books as they were received from the publishers, and wrap up singly or otherwise to deliver or mail to purchasers. It was stated that Thornton Chesley, an employee of the office, was instructed by Mr. Hedges to make a canvass of the office for the sale of said book and that he did so during office hours, which is a violation of the rules and regulations of the Treas- ury Department prohibiting all canvassing whatever. i know that clerks bought the book who could not afford to, to prevent incurring the displeasure of Mr. Hedi;es, and that clerks who did not buy the book felt that they were oppressed for not having done so . As to the condition of the work on Mr. Hedge's division at the time of his retire- ment, I have this to say : Chaos pervaded the entire division. New York postal notes were lost ; not an an official or clerk in the building could tell where to find them. The 9,000 books used in checking were everywhere but where they were wanted. It required three month's work of the assistant chief to catalogue and reduce to business system these books alone. The division under Mr. Hedges had run itself. The clerks had checked as they choosed, or if they did not choose had turned in their weekly averages as checked when they were not, and sent the work to the files for this administration to take out of the files by the thousands and do over properly. In the basement were huge basktdfuls of 1889, 1890 and 1891 work that clerks had L>ft laying around loose and n-poi'ted us done. Tliert" was no uniformitv in the work. As an illustration : Colorado not checked sinco 1^S!»; Miiitiesota postal notes not checked since 1888; Washington, D. C, not ch(>ckr(l since 1888 ; New York postal notes not checlced since 1890. Checking when done hid been so badly done that more time of clerks was SHAM CrVTEL SERVICE REFORM. 201 wasted c; r.isi ng mischeckd than would have been required to do the whole correctly in the beginning. The work is all reviewed now, and porfect business system followed in everything. RespL'Ctfully, CYNTHIA E. CLEVELAND, Clerk Sixth AudUor's Office. Hon. George W. Cooper, House of RepreJietUatives. Mr. COOPER of In liana. Now, there is another letter at the desk. I ask tc have it read. It is a short letter. The Clei'k read as follows : Washington, D. C, May 2b, 1894. Sir : In reply to your request of this date for any information that I may have relative to the "clerks or other employees in the Sixth Auditor's Oflice "having devoted their time during i.^ffice hours to the work of preparing a book containing a biographical sketch and speeches of ex-President Harrison, I have this to state : The statements made by you are substantially correct. I was his private mes- senger and was e nplo\'ed during office hours, when my office work was done, in doing up for mailing from the office copies of the book in question. I did this under instructions from my chief, Mr. Hedges. Very respectfully, PATRICK DOOLAN, Messenger Sixth Auditor's Office, Hon. George W. Cooper, House of Representatives. 202 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM. Adopted by the National Democratic Convention at Chicago, 111., June 22, 1892. f ''Section i. The representatives of the Democratic party of the United States, in National Convention assembled, do reaffirm their allegiance to the principles of the party as formulated by Jefferson and exemplified by the long and illustrious line of his successors in Democratic leadership from Madison to Cleveland; we believe the public welfare demands that these principles be applied to the conduct of the Federal Government through the accession to power of the party that advocates them, and we solemnly declare that the need of a return to these fundamental principles of a free popular govern- ment, based on home rule and individual liberty, was never more urgent than now, when the tendency to ceniralize all power at the Federal Capital has become a menace to the reserved rights of the States that strikes at the very roots of oiir Government under the Constitution as framed by the fathers of the Republic. AGAINST POLICY OF FORCE AND FRAUD. "Section 2. We warn the people of our common country, jealous for the preservation of their free institutions, that the policy of Federal control of elections, to which the Republican party has committed itself, is fraught with the gravest dangers scarcely less momentous than would result from a revolu- tion practically establishing monarchy on the ruins of the Republic. It strikes at the North as well as the South, and injures the colored citizens even more than the white ; it means a horde of deputy marshals at every polling place armed with Federal power, returning boards appointed and controlled l)y Federal authority, the outrage of the electoral rights of the people in the several States, subjugation of the colored people to the control of the party 'n power and the reviving of race antogonisms now happily abated, of the- t noit peril to the safety and happiness of all, a measure deliberately and ustly described by a leading Republican Senator as ' the most infamous bill that ever crossed the threshold of the Senate.' Such a policy, if sanctioned by law, would mean the dominance of a self perpetuating oligarchy of office- holders, and the party first intrusted with its machinery could be dislodged irjm power only by an appeal to the reserved rights of the people to resist DEMOCRATEC PLATFORM. 20!) oppression, which is inherent in all self-governing communities. Two years ago this revolutionary policy was emphatically condemned by the people at the polls, but in contempt of that verdict the Republican party has defiantly declared in its latest authoritative utterance that its success in the coming elections will mean the enactment of the force bill and the usurpation of des- potic control over elections in all the States. "Believing that the preservation of republican government in the United States is dependent upon the defeat of this policy of legalized force and fraud, we invite the support of all citizens who desire to see the Constitution main- tained in ifs integrity with the laws pursuant thereto which have given our country a'hundred years of unexamp'ed prosperity; and we pledge the Demo- cratic party, if it be intrusted with power, not only to the defeat of the force bill, but also to relentless opposition to the Republican policy of profligate expenditures which, in the short space of two years, has sauandered an enor- mous surplus, emptied an overflowing Treasury, after piling new burdens of taxation upon the already overtaxed labor of the country. REVENUE TARIFF. "Section 3. We denounce Republican protection as a fraud — a robbery of the great majority of the American people for the benefit of the few. We declare it to be a fundamental principle of the Democratic party that t'^e Federal Government has no constitutional power to impose and collect tariff duties, except for the purpose of revenue only, and we demard that the col- lection of such taxes shall be limited to the necessities of the Government when honestly and economically administered. "We denounce the McKinley tariff law enacted by the Fifty-first Congress as the culminating atrocity of class legislation ; we indorse the efforts made by the Democrats of the present Congrt;ss to modify its most oppressive feat- ure in the direction of free raw materials and cheaper manufactured goods that enter into general consumption, and we promise its repeal as one of the beneficent results that will follow the action of the people in inlrustin;j; power to the Democratic party. Since the McKinley tariff went into opc;ration there have been ten reductions of the wages of the laboring man to one in- crease. We deny that there has been any increase of prosperity to the coun- try since that tariff went into operation, and we point to the dullness and dis- tress, the wage reductions and strikes in the iron trade, as the best possible, evidence that no such prosp-r'.ty has resulted from the McKinley act. "We call the attention of thoughtful Americans to the fact that after tliirty years of restrictive taxes against the importation of foreign wealth, in ex- ehgnge for our agricultural surplus, the homes and farms of the country have "^^come burdened with a real estate mortgage debt of over $2,500,000,000, exclusiv? ^^ "'- °-^^ ^^"^"^^ °^ indebtedness ; that in one of the chief agri- 204 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. cultural States of the West there appears a real estate mDrtgage debt averag- ing $165 per capita of the total population, and that similar conditions and tendencies are shown to exist in other agricultural exporting States. We denounce a policy which fosters no industry so much as it does that of the sheriff. "Section 4. Trade interchange on the basis of reciprocal advantages to the countries participating is a time-honored doctrine of the Democratic faith, but we denounce the sham reciprocity which juggles with the people's desire for enlarged foreign markets and freer exchanges by pretending to establish closer trade relations for a country whose articles of export are almost ex- clusively agricultural products with other countries that are also agricultural, while erecting a custom-house barrier of prohibitive tariff taxes against the richest countries of the world that stand ready to take our entire sur- plus of products and to exchange therefor commodities which are necessaries and comforts of life among our own people. "Section 5. We recognize in the trusts and combinations which are de- signed to enable capital to secure more than its just share of the joint product of capital and labor a natural consequence of the prohibitive taxes which pre- vent the free competition which is the life of honest trade, but believe their worst evils can be abated by law, and we demand the rigid enforce- ment of the laws made to prevent and control them, together with such fur- ther legislation in restraint of their abuses as experience may show to be nec- essary. "Section 6. The Republican party, while professing a policy of reserving the public land for small holdings by actual settlers, has given away the peo- ple's heritage, till now a few railroads and non-resident aliens, individual and corporate, possess a larger area than that of all our farms between the two seas. The last Democratic administration reversed the improvident and un- wise policy of the Republican party touching the public domain, and re- claimed from corporations and syndicates, alien and domestic, and restored to the people nearly one hundred million acres of valuable land to be sacredly held as homesteads for our citizens, and we pledge ourselves to continue this policy until every acre of land so unlawfully held shall be reclaimed and re- stored to the people. "Section 7. We denounce the Republican legislation known as the Sher- man act of 1890 as a cowardly makeshift, fraught with possibilities of danger in the future, which should make all of its supporters, as well as its author, anxious for its speedy repeal. We hold to the use of both gold and silver as the standard money of the country and to the coinage of both gold and sil- ver without discriminating against either metal or charge for mintage, but the dollar unit of coinage of both metals mist be of equal intrinsic and ex- changeable value or be adjusted through international agreement or by such DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM. 205- safeguards of legislation as shall insure the maintenance of the parity of the two metals and the equal power of every dollar at all tim>;s in the markets and in the payments of debt; and we demand that all paper currency shall be kept at par with and redeemable in such coin. We insist upon this policy as especially necessary for the protection of the farmers and labjring classes, the first and most defenseless victims of unstible money and a fl[uctua*:ing currency. "Section 8. We recommend that the prohibitory lo per cent, tax on Stat bank issues be repealed. " Section 9. Public office is a public trust. We reaffirm the declaration of the Democratic National Convention of 1876 for the reform of the civil serv- ice, and we call for the honest enfjrcement of all laws regulating the same. The nomination of a President, as in the recent Republican Convention, by .delegations compDsed largely of his appDintees, holding office at his pleasure, is a scandalous satire upon free popular institulions and a startling illustration of the methods by which a President miy gratify his ambition. We de- nounce a policy under which federal office-holders usurp control of party con- yentions in the States, and we pledge the Democratic party to the reform of these and all other abuses which threaten individual liberty and local self- government. " Section 10. Tne Democratic party is the only party that has ever given the country a foreign policy consistent and vigorous, compelling respect abroad, and inspiring confidence at home. While avoiding entangling alli- ances, it has aimed to cultivate friendly relations with other nations and es- pecially with our neighbors on the American continent, whose destiny is closely linked with our own, and we view with alarm the tendency to a policy of irritation and bluster which is liable at any time to confront us with the alter- native of humiliation or war. We favor the maintenance of a navy strong enough for all purposes of national defense, and to properly maintain the honor and dignity of the country abroad. " Section II. This country has always been the refuge of the oppressed from every land — exiles for conscience sake— and in the spirit of the founders of our Government we condemn the oppression practiced by the Russian Govern- ment upon its Luthern and Jewish subjects, and we call upon our National Government, in the interests of justice and hummity, and by all just and prop.-r means to use its prompt and best effort to bring about a cessation of these cruel persecutions in the dominions of the Czar, and to secure to the oppressed equal rights. " We tender our profound and earnest sympathy to .hose lovers of freedom who are struggling for home rule and the great cause of local self-govcremcnt in Ireland. "Section 12. We heartily approve all legitimate efforts to prevent the 206 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. United States from being used as a dumping ground for the known criminals and professional paupers of Europe and we demand the rigid enforcement of the laws against Chinese immigration or the importation of foreign workmen under contract to degrade American labor and lessen its wages; but we condemn and denounce any and all attempts to restrict the immigration of the industrious and worthy of foreign lands. "Section 13. This convention hereby renews the expression of apprecia- tion of the patriotism of the soldiers and sailors of the Union in the war for its preservation, and we favor just and liberal pensions for all disabled Union soldiers, their widows and dependents, but we demand that the work of the Pension Office shall be done industriously, impartially, and honestly. We denounce the present administration of that office as incompetent, corrupt, disgraceful, and dishonest. " Section 14 The Federal Government should care for and improve the Mississippi river and other great waterways of the Republic so as tosecure'for the interior States easy and cheap transportation to tide water. When any waterway of the public is of sufficient importance to demand the aid of the Government — such aid should be extended upon a definite plan of continu- ous work until permanent improvement is secured. " Section 15. For purposes of national defense, and the promotion of com- merce between the States, we recognize the early construction of the Nicara- gua canal and its protection against foreign control as of great importance to the United States. " Section 16. Recognizing the World's Columbian Exposition as a national undertaking of vast importance in which the General Government has invited the co-operation of all the powers of the world, and appreciating the accept- ance by many of such powers of the invitation so extended, and the broadest liberal efforts being made by them to contribute to the grandeur of the under- taking, we are of the opinion that Congress should make such necessary finan- cial provision as shall be requisite to the maintenance of the national honor and public faith. "Section 17. Popular education being the only safe basis of popular suf- frage, we recommend to the several States most liberal appropriations for the public schools. Free common schools are the nursery of good government, and they have always received the fostering care of the Democratic party, which favors every means of increasing intelligence. Freedom of education being an essential of civil and religious liberty as well as a necessity for the development of intelligence, must not be interfered with under any pretext whatever. We are opposed to State interference with parental rights and rights of conscience in the education of children as an infringment of a funda- mental Democratic doctrine that the largest individual liberty consistent with the rights of others insures the highest type of American citizenship and the best government. DEMOCRATIC PLATFORM. 207 " Section i8. We approve the action of the present House of Representa- tives in passsing bills for admitting into the Union as States the Terri- tories of New Mexico and Arizona, and we favor the early admission of all the Territories having the necessary population and resources to entitle them to statehood, and while they remain Territories we hold that the officials ap- pointed to administer the Government of any Territory, t )gether with the District of Columbia and Alaska, should be bona fide residents of the Terri- tory or District in which their duties are to be performed. Tne Democratic party believes in home rule and the control of their own affairs by the people of the vicinage. "Section 19. We favor legislation by Congress and State legislatures to protect the lives and limbs of railway employees and those of other hazardous transportation companies, and denounce the inactivity of the Republican party, particularly the Republican Senate, for causing the defeat of measures beneficial and protective to this class of wage workers. " Section 20. We are in favor of the enactment by the States of laws for abolishing the notorious sweating system, for abolishing contract convict labor, and for prohibiting the employment in factories of children under fifteen years of age. " Section 21. We are opposed to all sumptuary laws as an interference with the individual rights of the citizen. * " Section 22. Upon thisstatement of principles and policies the Democratic party asks the intelligent judgment of the American people. It asks a change of administration and a change of party, in order that there might be a change of system and a change of methods, thus assuring the maintenance unimpared of institutions under which the Republic has grown great and powerful." 20S DEMOCRATIC CAIMPAIGN BOOK. GROVER CLEVELAND'S LETTER Accepting the Democratic Nomination for the Presi- dency in 1892. To Hon. William L. Wilson and Others, Committee., etc. Gentlemen : In responding to your formal notification of my nomination to the Presidency by the National Democracy, I hope I may be permitted to Siy at the outset that continued reflection and observation hav^e confirmed me in my adherence to the opinions, which I have heretofore plainly and pub- licly declared, touching the questions involved in the canvass. This is a time, above all others, when these questions should be considered in the light afforded by a sober apprehension of the principles upon which our Government is based and a clear understanding of the relation it bears to the people for whose benefit it was created. We shall thus be supplied with a test by which the value of any proposition relating to the maintenance and administration of our Government can be ascertained and by which the jus- tice and honesty of every political question can be judged. If doctrines or theories are presented which do not satisfy this test, loyal Americanism must pronounce them false and mischievous. The protection of the people in the exclusive use and enjoyment of their property and earnings concededly constitutes the especial purpose and mis- sion of our free Government. This design is so interwoven with the structure of ou^r plan of rule that failure to protect the citizen in such use and enjoy- ment, or their unjustifiable diminution by the Government itself, is a betrayal of the people's trust. We have, however, undertaken to build a great nation upon a plan espec- ially our own. To maintain it and to furnish through its agency the means for the accomplishment of national objects the American people are willing through Federal taxation to surrender a part of their earnings and income. Tariff legislation presents a familiar form of Federal taxaion. Such leg- islation results as surely in a tax upon the daily life of our people as the trib- ute paid directly into the hand of the tax-gatherer. We feel the burden of these tariff taxes too palpably to be persuaded by any sophistry that they do not exist, or are paid for by foreigners. Such taxes, representing a diminution of the property rights of the peo- ple, are only justifiable when laid and collected for the purpose of maintain- ing our government, and furnishing the means for the accomplishment of its GROVER Cleveland's letter of acceptance. 209 legitimate purposes and functions. This is taxtation under the operation of 1 tariff for revenue. It accords with the professions of American free in- stitutions, and its justice and honesty answer the test supplied by a correct ippreciation of the principles upon which these institutions rest. This theory of tariff legislation manifestly enjoins strict economy in public expenditures and their limitation to legitimate public uses, inasmuch as it exhibits as absolute extortion any exaction, by way of taxation, from the substance of the people, beyond the necessities of a careful and proper ad- ministration of government. Opposed to this theory the dogma is now boldly presented, that tariff tax- ation is justifiable for the express purpose and intent of thereby promoting especial interests and enterprises. Such a proposition is so clearly contrary to the spirit of our Constitution and so directly encourages the disturbance by selfishness and greed of patriotic sentiment, that its statement would rudely shock our people, if they had not already been insidiously allured from the safe landmarks of principle. Never have honest desire for national growth, patriotic devotion to country, and sincere regard for those who toil, been so betrayed to the support of a pernicious doctrine. In its behalf, the plea that our infant industries should be fostered, did service until discredited by our stalwart growth; then followed the exigencies of a terrible war which made our people heedless of the opportunities for ulterior schemes afforded by their willing and patriotic payment of unprecedented tribute; and now, after a long period of peace, when our overburdened countrymen ask for re- lief and a restoration to' a fuller enjoyment of their incomes and earnings they are met by the claim that tariff taxation for the sake of protection is an American system, the continuance of which is necessary in order that high wages may be paid to our workingmen and a home market be provided for our farm products. These pretenses should no longer deceive. The truth is that such a system is directly antagonized by evary sentiment of justice and fairness of which Americans are pre-eminently proud. It is also true that while our workmen and farmers can, the least of all our people, defend themselves against the harder home life which such tariff taxation decrees, the workingman suffering from the importation and employment of pauper labor instigated by his pro- fessed friends, and seeking security for his interests in organized co-operation, still waits for a division of the advantages secured to his employer undercover of a generous solicitude for his wages, while the farmer is learning that the prices of his products are fixed in foreign markets; where he suffers from a competition invited and built up by the system he is asked to support. The struggle for unearned advantages at the doors of the Government tram- ples on the rights of those who patiently rely upon assurances of American equality. Every governmental concession to clamorous favorites invites cor- 210 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. ruption in political affairs by encouraging the expenditure of money to de- bauch suffrage in support of a policy directly favorable to private and selfish gain. This in the end must strangle patriotism and weaken popular confi- dence in the rectitude of republican institutions. Though the subject of tariff legislation involves a question of markets, it also involves a question of morals. We cannot with impunity permit injustice to taint the spirit of right and equity which is the life of our republic ; and we shall fail to reach our national destiny if greed and selfishness lead the way. Recognizing these truths, the National Democracy will seek by the applica- tion of just and sound principles to equalize to our people the blessings due them from the government they support, to promote among our countrymen a closer community of interests cemented by patriotism and national pride, and to point out a fair field, where prosperous and diversified American enter- prise may grow and thrive in the wholesome atmosphere of American indus- try, ingenuity and intelligence. Tariff reform is still our purpose. Though we oppose the theory that tariff laws may be passed having for their object the granting of discriminating and unfair governmental aid to private ventures, we wage no exterminating war against any American interests. We believe a readjustment can be accom- plished in accordance with the principles we profess without disaster or de- molition. We believe that the advantages of freer raw materials should be ac- corded to our manufacturers, and we contemplate a fair and careful distribu- tion of necessary tariff burdens, rather than the precipitation of free trade. We anticipate with calmness the misrepresentation of our motives and pur- poses, instigated by a selfishness which seeks to hold in unrelenting grasp its unfair advantage under present tariff laws. We will rely upon the intelligence of our fellow countrymen to reject the charge that a party comprising a ma- jority of our people is planning the destruction or injury of American inter, ests ; and we know they cannot be frightened by the spectre of impossible free trade. The administration and management of our Government depend upon popular will. Federal power is the instrument of that will — not its master. Therefore the attempt of the opponents of Democracy to interfere with and control the suffrage of the States through federal agencies, develops a design, which no explanation can mitigate, to reverse the fundamental and safe rela- tions between the people and their government. Such an attempt cannot fail to bt regarded by thoughtful men as proof of a bold determination to secure the ascendancy of a discredited party in reckless disregard of a free expression of ths popular will. To resist such a scheme is an impulse of Democracy. At all times and in all places we trust the people. As against a disposition to force the way to federal power we present to them, as our claim to their confidence and support, a steady championship of their rights. GROVER Cleveland's letter of acceptance. 211 The people are entitled to sound and honest money, abundantly sufficient in volume to supply their business needs. But whatever may be the form of the people's currency, national or State — whether gold, silver or paper — it should be so regulated and guarded by governmental action, or by wise and careful laws, that no one can be deluded as to the certainty and stability of its value. Every dollar put into the hands of the people should be of the same intrinsic value or purchasing power. With this condition absolutely guaranteed, both gold and silver can be safely utilized, upon equal terms, in the adjustment of our currency. In dealing with this subject no selfish scheme should be allowed to inter- vene and no doubtful experiment should be attempted. The wants of our people, arising from the deficiency or imperfect distribution of money circu- lation, ought to be fully and honestly recognized and efficiently remedied. It should, however, be constantly remembered that the inconvenience or loss that might arise from such a situation, can be much easier borne than the universal distress which must follow a discredited currency. Public officials are the agents of the people. It is, therefore, their duty to secure for those whom they represent the best and most efficient performance of public work. This plainly can be best accomplished by regarding ascer- tained fitness in the selection of Government employees. These considera- tions alone are sufficient justification for an honest adherence to the letter and spirit of Civil Service Reform. There a e, however, other features of this plan which abundantly commend it. Through its operation worthy merit in every station and condition of American life is recognized in the distribution of public employment, while its application tends to raise the standard of political activity from spoil hunting and unthinking party affilia- tion to the advocacy of party principles by reason and argument. The .\merican people are generous and grateful ; and they have impressed these characteristics upon their Government. Therefore, all patriotic and just citizens must commend liberal consideration for our worthy veteran soldiers and for the families of those who have died. No complaint should be made of the amount of public money paid to those actually disabled or made de- pendent by reason of army service. But our pension roll should be a roll of honor, uncontaminated by ill desert and unvitiated by demagogic use. This is due to those whose worthy names adorn the roll, and to all our people who delight to honor the brave and the true. It is also due to those who in years to come should be allowed to hear, reverently and lovingly, the story of American patriotism and fortitude, illustrated by our pension roll. The preference accorded to veteran soldiers in public employment should be se- cured to them honestly and without evasion, and when capable and worthy, their claim to the helpful regard and gratitude of their countrymen should b«.- ungrudgingly acknowledged. 212 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. The assurance to the people of the utmost individual liberty consistent with peace and good order is a cardinal principle of our government. This gives no sanction to vexatious sumptuary laws which unnecessarily interfere with such habits and customs of our people as are not offensive to a just moral sense and are not inconsistent with good citizenship and the public welfare. The same principle requires that the line between the subjects which are properly within governmental control and those which are more fittingly left lo parental regulation should be carefully kept in view. An enforced educa- tion, wisely deemed a proper preparation for citizenship, should not invohe the impairment of wholesome parental authority nor do violence to the house- hold conscience. Paternalism in government finds no approval in the creed of Democracy. It is a symptom of misrule, whether it is manifested in un- authorized gifts or by an unwarranted control of personal and family affairs. Our people, still cherishing the feeling of human fellowship which belonged to our beginning as a nation, require their government to express for them their sympathy with all those who' are oppressed under any rule less free than ours. A generous hospitality, which is one of the most prominent of our national characteristics, prompts us to welcome the worthy and industrious of all lands to homes and citizenship among us. This hospitable sentiment is not violated, however, by careful and reasonable regulations for the protection of the public health, nor does it justify the reception of immigrants who have no apprecia- tion of our institutions and whose presence among us is a menace to peace and good order. The importance of the construction of the Nicaragua Ship Canal as a means of promoting commerce between out States and with foreign countries, and also as a contribution by Americans to the enterprises which advance the in- terests of the world of civilization, should commend the project to gov- ernmental approval and indorsement. Our countrymen not only expect from those who represent them in public places a sedulous care for things which are directly and palpably related to their material interests, but they also fully appreciate the value of cultivating our national pride and hiaintaining our national honor. Both their material interests and their national pride and honor are involved in the success of the Columbian Exposition ; and they will not be inclined to condone any neglect of effort on the part of their Government to insure in the grandeur of this event a fitting exhibit of American growth and greatness, and asplendid demonstra- tion of .\merican patriotism. Injan imperfect and incomplete manner, I have thus endeavored to state some of the things which accord with the creed and intentions of the party to which I have given my life- long allegiance. My attempt has not been to in- struct my countrymen nor my paity, but to remind both that Democratic doc- GROVER CLEVELAND'S LETTER OF ACCEPTANCE. 213 trine lies near the principles of our Government and tends to promote the people's good. I am willing to be accused of addressing my countrymen upon trite topics and in homely fashion, for I believe that important truths are found on the surface of thought, and that they should be stated in direct and simple terms. Though much is left unwritten, my record as a public ser- vant leaves no excuse for misunderstanding my belief and position on the questions which are now presented to the voters of the land for their de- cision. Called for the third time to represent the party of my choice in a contest for the supremacy of Democratic principles, my greatful appreciation of its confidence less than ever effaces the solemn sense of my responsibility. If the action of the Convention you represent shall be endorsed by the suf- frages of my countrymen, I will assume the duties of the great office for which I have been nominated, knowing full well its labors and perplexities, and with humble reliance upon the Divine Being, infinite in power to aid, and con- stant in a watchful care over our favored Nation. Yours very truly, GROVER CLEVELAND. Gray Gables, September 26, i8g2. 214 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAKiN BOOK. CLEVELAND TO WILSON. The President's Letter of July 2, 1894, on the Tariff. Executive Mansion', Washington, July 2, 1894. My Dear Sir: The certainty that a conference will be ordered between the two houses of Congress for the purpose of adjusting differences on the subject of tariff legislation makes it also certain that you will be again called on to do hard service in the cause of tarift" reform. My public life has been so closely related to the subject, I have so longed for its accomplishment, and I have so often promised its realization to my fellow countrymen as a result of their trust and confidence in the Democratic party, that I hope no excuse is necessary for my earnest appeal to you that in this crisis you strenuously insist upon party honesty and good faith and a sturdy adherence to Democratic principles. I believe these are absolutely necessary conditions to the continuation of Democratic existence. I cannot rid myself of the feeling that this conference will present the best if not the only hope of true Democracy. Indications point to its action as the reliance of those who desire the genuine fruition of Democratic eftbrt, the fulfillment of Democratic pledges and the redemption of Democratic promises to the people. To reconcile differences in the details comprised within the fixed and well-defined lines of principle will not be the sole task of the conference ; but as it seems to me its members will also have in charge the question whether Democratic principles themselves are to be saved or abandoned. There is no excuse for mistaking or misapprehending the feeling and tem- per of the rank and file of the Democracy. They are downcast under the assertion that their party fails in ability to manage the Government, and they are apprehensive that efforts to bring about tariff reform may fail ; but they are much more downcast and apprehensive in their fear that Democratic princi- ples may be surrendered. In these circumstances they cannot do other^-ise than to look with confi- denie to you and those who with you have patriotically and sincerely cham- CLEVELAND'S LETTER TO WILSON. 215 pioned the cause of tariff reform within Democratic lines and guided by Democratic principles. This confidence is vastly augmented by the action under your leadership of the House of Representatives upon the bdl now pending. • Every true Democrat and every sincere tariff reformer knows that this bill in its present form and as it will be submitted to the conference, falls far short of the consummation for which we have long labored, for which we have suf- fered defeat without discouragement; which in its anticipation gave us a ral- lying cry in our day of triumph, and which, in its promise of accomplishment is so interwoven with Democratic pledges and Democratic success, that our abandonment of the cause or principles upon which it rests, means party per- fidy and party dishonor. One topic will be submitted to the conference which embodies Democratic principle so directly that it cannot be compromised. We have in our plat- forms and in every way possible declared in favor of the free importation of raw materials. We have again and again promised that this should be ac- corded to our people and our manufacturers as soon as the Democratic party was invested with the power to determine the tariff policy of the country. The party now has that power. We are as certain today as we have ever been of the great benefit that would accrue to the country from the inaugura- tion of this policy, and nothing has occurred to release us from our obligation to secure this advantage to our people. It must be admitted that no tariff- measure can accord with Democratic principles and promises, or bear a genu- ine Democratic badge, that does not provide for free raw materials. In these circumstances it may well excite our wonder that Democrats are willing to depart from this the most Democratic of all tariff principles, and that the m- consistent absurdity of such a proposed departure should be emphasized by the suggestion that the wool of the farmer be put on the free list and the pro- tection of tariff taxation be placed around the iron ore and coal of corpora- tions and capitalists. How can we face the people after indulging in such outrageous discrimina- tions and violations of principle ? . It is quite apparent that this question of free raw materials does not admit of adjustment on any middle ground, since their subjection to any rate of tariff taxation, great or small, is alike violative of Democratic principle and Democratic good faith. I hope you will not consider it intrusive if I say something in relation to another subject which can hardly fail to be troublesome to the conference. I refer to the adjustment of tariff taxation on sugar. Under our party platform and in accordance with our declared party pur- poses, sugar is a legitimate and logical article of revenue taxation. Unfortu- nately, however, incidents have accompanied certain stages of the legislation 216 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. which will be submitted to the conference that have aroused in connection with this subject a natural Democratic animosity to the methods and manipu- krJQjis of trusts and combinations. I confess to sharing in this feeling; and yet it seems to me we ought, if possible, to sufficiently free ourselves from prejudice to enable us coolly to weigh the considerations which, in formulating tariff legislation, ought to guide our treatment of sugar as a taxable article. While no tenderness should be entertained for trusts, and while I am decidedly opposed to granting them, under the guise of tariff taxation, any opportunity tD further their peculiar methods. I suggest that we ought not to be driven away from the Democratic principle and policy which lead to the taxation of sugar by the fear, quite likely exaggerated, that in carrying out this principle and policy we may in- directly and inordinately encourage a combination of sugar refining interests. I know that in present conditions this is a delicate subject, and I appreciate the depth and strength of the feeling which its treatment has aroused. I do not believe we should do evil that good may come, but it seems to me that we should not forget that our aim is the completion of a tariff bill, and that in taxing sugar for proper purposes and within reasonable bounds, whatever else may be said of our action, we are in no danger of running counter to Democratic principle. With all there is at stake there must be in the treatment of this article some ground upon which we are all willing to stand, where toleration and conciliation may be allowed to solve the problem without demanding the entire surrender of fi.xed and conscientious convic- tions. I ought not to prolong this letter. If what 1 have written is unwelcome I beg you to believe in my good intentions. In the conclusions of the conference touching the numerous items which will be considered, the people are not afraid that their interests will be neg- lected. They know that the general result, so far as these are concerned, will be to place home necessaries and comforts easier within their reach, and to insure better and surer compensation to those who toil. We all know that a tariff covering all the varied interests and conditions of a country as vast as ours, must of necessity be largely the result of honorable adjustment and compromise. I expect very few of us can say when our meas- ure is perfected that all the features are entirely as we would prefer. You know how much I deprecated the incorporation in the proposed bill of the income-tax feature. In matters of this kind, however, which do not violate a fixed and recognized Democratic doctrine we are willing to defer to the judgment of a majority of our Democratic brethren. I think there is a gene- ral agreement that this is party duty. This is more palpably apparent when we realize that the business of our country timidly stands and watches for the result of our efforts to perfect a CLEVELAND'S LETTER TO WII^ON. 217 (rise adjustment, and that a confiding people still trust in our hand their pros- )erity and well-being. The Democracy of the land plead most earestly for the speedy completion )f the tariff legislation which their Representatives have undertaken, but they lemand not less earnestly that no stress of necessity shall tempt those they rust to the abandonment of Democratic principle. Yours, very truly, GROVER CLEVELAND. Hon. William L. Wilson. 218 - DEMOCRATIC CAMPAD>N BOOK. THE PRESIDENT ON THE NEW LAW. His Letter of August 27, 1894, to Hon. T. C. Catchings. Executive Mansion. Washington, August 2j, iSgjf.. Hon. T. C. Catchings. My Dear Sir : Since the conversation I had with you and Mr. Clarke of Alabama a few days ago in regard to my action on the tariff bill now before me, I have given the subject further and most serious consideration. The result is I am more settled than ever in the determination to allow the bill to become a law without my signature. When the formation of legislation which it was hoped would embody Demo- cratic ideas of tariff reform was lately entered upon by the Congress, nothing was further from my anticipation than a result which I could not promptly and enthusiastically indorse. It is, therefore, with a feeling of the utmost disappointment that I submit to a denial of this privilege. I do not claim to be better than the masses of my party, nor do I wish to avoid any responsibility which, on account of the passage of this law, I ought to bear as a member of the Democratic organization. Neither will I permit myself to be separated from my party to such an extent as might be implied by my veto of tariff legislation, which, though disappointing, is still chargeable to Democratic effort. But there are provisions in this tariff bill which are not in the line with honest tariff reform, and it contains inconsist- encies and crudities which ought not to appear in tariff laws or laws of any kind. Besides, there were, as you and I well know, incidents accompanying the passage of the bill through the Congress which made every sincere tariff reformer unhappy, while influences, surrounded it in its later stages and in- terfered with its final construction, which ought not to be recognized or toler- ated in Democratic tariff reform counsels. And yet, notwithstanding all its vicissitudes and ail the bad treatment it received at the hands of pretended friends, it presents a vast improvement to existing conditi ins. It will certaintly lighten many tariff burdens that now rest heavily upon the people. It is not only a barrier against the return of mad protection, but it furnishes a vantage ground from which must be waged further aggressive operations against protected monopoly and governmental favoritism. Cleveland's letter to catchin<3S. 219 I take my place with the rank and file of the Democratic party who believe n tariff reform, and who know what it is, who refuse to accept the resuUs :mbodied m this bill at the close of the war, who are not blinded to the fact :hat the livery of Democratic tariff reform has been stolen and worn in the service of Republican protection, and who have marked the places where the deadly light of treason has blasted the counsels of the brave in their hour of might. The trusts and combinations— the communism of pelf— whose machinations have prevented us from reaching the success we deserved, should not be for- gotten or forgiven. We shall recover from our astonishment at their exhibi- y tion of power, and if then the question is forced upon us whether they shall submit to the free legislative will of the people's representatives, or shall dic- tate the laws which the people must obey, we will accept and settle that issue as one involving the integrity and safety of American institutions. I love the principles of true Democracy because they are founded in patriot- ism and upon justice and fairness toward all interests. I am proud of my party organization because it is conservatively sturdy and persistent in the en forcement of its principles. Therefore, I do not despair of the efforts made by the House of Representatives to supplement the bill already passed by fur- ther legislation, and to have engrafted upon it such modifications as will more nearly meet Democratic hopes and aspirations. I cannot be mistaken as to the necessity of free raw materials as the founda- tion of logical and sensible tariff reform. The extent to which this is recog- nized in the legislation already secured is one of its encouraging and redeem- ing features, but it is vexatious to recall that while free coal and iron ore have been denied us, a recent letter of the Secretary of the Treasury discloses the fact that both might have been made free by the annual surrender of only about $700,000 of unnecessary revenue. I am sure that there is a common habit of under-estimating the importance of ,. free raw materials in tariff legislation, and of regarding them as only re- lated to concessions to be made to our manufacturers. The truth is, their in- fluence is so far reaching that, if disregarded, a complete and beneficent scheme of tariff reform cannot be successfully inaugurated. When we give to our manufacturers free raw materials we unshackle Ameri- can enterprises and ingenuity, and these will open the doors of foreign markets to the reception of our wares and gi^e opportunity for the continuous and re- munerative employment of American labor. With materials cheapened by their freedom from tariff charges the cost of their product must be correspondingly cheapened. Thereupon justice and fairness to the consumer would demand that the manufacturers be obliged to submit to such a readjustment and modification of the tariff upon their fin- ished goods as would secure to the people the benefit of the reduced cost of 220 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. their manufacture, and shield the consumer against the exaction of inordi- nate profits. It will thus be seen that free raw materials and a just and fearless regula- tion and reduction of the tariff to meet the changed conditions would carry' to every humble home in the land the blessings of increased comfort and'- cheaper living. The millions of our countrymen who have fought bravely and well for tariff ■ reform should be exhorted to continue the struggle, boldly challenging to open warfare and constantly guarding against treachery and halfheartedness in their camp. Tariff reform will not be settled until it is honestly and fairly settled in the interest and to the benefit of a patient and long-suffering people. Yours very truly, GROVER CLEVELAND. TAX LAWS. 221 TAX LAWS. \n Act to Subject to State Taxation National Bank Notes and United States Treasury Notes. Be if enacted by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of Amer- ca iyi Congress assembled, That circulating notes of national banking associations Lnd United States legal-tender notes and other notes and certificates of the United states payable on demand and circulating or intended to circulate as currency and ;old, silver or other coin shall be subjed, to taxation as money on hand or on de- )0sit under the laws of any State or Territory; Provided, That any such taxation ihall be exercised in the same manner and at the same rate that any such State or rerritory shall tax money or currency circulating as money within its jurisdiction. Sec. 2. That the provisions of this act shall not be deemed or held to change ex- sting laws in respect of the taxation of national banking associations. Approved, August 13, 1894. 222 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. SILVER STATISTICS. The Law of July 14, 1890, Commonly Called the Sherman Law. [Public— No. 214.] An act directing the purchase of silver bullion and the issue of Treasury notes thereon, and for other purposes. Be it enacted, etc., That the Secretary of the Treasiiry is hereby directed to purchase, from time to time, silver bullion to the aggregate amount of 4,500,000 ounces, or so much thereof as may be offered in each mouth, at the marketprice thereof, not exceed- ing $1 for 371.25 grains of pure silver, and to issue in payment for such purchases of silver bullion Treasury notes of the United States to be prepared by the Secretary of the Treasury, in such form and of such denouinatious, not less than f 1 nor more than $1,000. as he may prescribe, and a sum sufficient to carry into effect the provisions of this act is hereby appropriated out of any money in the Treasury not otherwise appro- priated. Sec. 2. That the Treasury notes issued in accordance with the provisions of this act shall be redeemable on demand, in coin, at tfte Treasury of the United States, or at the office of any assistant treastirer of the United States, and when so redeemed may be re- issTied : but no greater or less amoiint of such notes shall be outstanding at anj' time than the cost of the silver bullion and the standard silver dollars coined therefrom, then held in the Treasury, purchased by such notes ; and such Treasury notes shall be a legal tender in payment of all debts, public and private, except where otherwise ex- pressly stipulated in the contract, and shall be receivable for customs, taxes, and all piiblic dvies, and when so received may be reissxied ; and such notes, when held by any national banking association, may be counted as a part of jts lawful reserve. That upon demand of the holder of any of the Treasury notes herein provided for the Sec- retary of the Treasury shall, under such regulations as he maj^ prescribe, redeem such notes in gold or silver coin, at his discretion, it being the established policy of the United States to maintain the two metals on a parity with each other upon the present legal ratio, or such ratio as may be provided by law Sec. 3. That the Secretary of the Treasury shall each month coin 2,000.000 ounces of silver bullion purchased under the provisions of this act into standard silver dollars until the 1st day of July, 1891, and after that time he shall coin of the silver bullion purchased under the provisiojis of this act as much as may be necessary to provide for the redemption of the Treasury notes herein provided for. and any gain or seigniorage arising from siich coinage shall be accounted for and paid into the Treasury. Sec. 4. That the silver bullion purchased under the provisions of this act shall be subject to the requirements of existing law and the regulations of the mint service governing the methods of determining the amoixnt of pure silver contained, and the amount of charges or deductions, if any. to be made. SILVER STATISTICS. 223 Sec 5 That so mnch of the act of February 28, 1878, entitled : " Au act to authorize le coina-e of the standard silver dollar and to restore its legal-tender character," as equires the monthly purchase and coinage of the same into silver dollars of not less ban $2 000 000 nor more than $4,000,000 worth of silver bullion, is hereby repealed. Sec 6 That upon the passage of this act the balances standing with the Treasurer !.f the United States to the respective credits of national banks for deposits made to edeem the circulating notes of such banks, and all deposits thereafter received for ike purpose, shall be covered into the Treasury as a miscellaneous receipt and the rreasurer of the United States shall redeem from the general cash m the Treasury the Circulating notes of said banks which may come into his possession subject to re- demption- and upon the certificate of the Comptroller of the Currency that such kotes have been received by him and that they have been destroyed and that ho new notes will be issued in their place, reimbursement of their amount shall be- made to the Treasurer, under such regulations as the Secretary of the Treasury mav prescribe, from an appropriation hereby created, to be known as national bank notes redemption account: but the provisions of this act shall not applv to the deposits received under section 3 of the act of June 20, 1874, requirincT every national bank to keep in lawful money with the Treasurer of the United States a sum equal to five per cent of its circulation, to be held and used for the redemption of its circulating notes, and the balancelremaining of the deposits so covered shall, at the close of each month, be reported on the monthly public debt statement as debt of the United States bearing no interest. Sec. 7. That this act shall take effect thirty days from and after its passage. Approved July 14, 1890. ComnM'cial ratio of sUver to gohJ for mrh year since 1867. Year. 1795.... 1796- 1797.... 1798.... 1799... 1800... 1801... 1802... 1803... 1804... 1805... 180G... 1807... 1808 . 1809... 1810... 1811... 1812.. 1813.. 1814.. 1815.. 1816.. 1817.. 1S18.. 1819.. Eatio. 15.55 15.65 15.41 15.59 15.74 15.68 15.46 15.26 1.5.41 15.41 15.79 15.52 15.43 16.08 15.96 15.77 15.53 16.11 16.25 15.04 15.26 15.28 15.11 15.35 15.33 1820... 1821.. 1822.. 1 1823.. I 1824.. 1825.. 1 1826,. 1 1827.. 1828.. 1 1829.. i 18.30.. 1831.. 1832.. 1833.. 1834.. 1835., 1836. 1837. 1839 . 1840 . 1841. 1842. 1843. 1844. 15.62 15.95 15.80 15.84 15.82 15.70 15.76 15.74 15.78 15.78 15.82 15.72 15.73 15.93 15.73 15.80 15.72 15.83 15.85 15.62 15.62 15.70 15.87 15.93 15.85 1845... i 1846... , 1847... 1848... 1 1849... i 1850... ! 1351... j 1852... i 1853.. \ 1854.. ' 1855 . ] 1856.. 1 1857.. 1858.. 1859.. I860.. 1861.. 18G2.. 1863.. 1864.. 1865.. 1866.. 1867. 1868. 1869. liatio. Year. Katio. 15.92 15.90 15.80 15.85 15.78 15.70 15.46 15.59 15.33 15.33 15.38 15.38 15.27 15.38 15.19 15.29 15.50 15.35 15.37 15.37 15.44 15.43 15.57 15.59 15.60 1870... 1871.. 1872.. 1873.. 1874.. 1875.. 1876.. 1877.. 1878.. 1879.. 1880.. 1881.. 1882.. 1883.. 1884.. 1885.. 1886. 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1892... 1893*.. 15.57 15.57 15.63 15.92 16.17 16.59 17.88 17.22 17.94 18.40 18.05 18.16 18.19 18.64 18.57 19.41 20.78 •21.13 21.99 22.09 19.75 20.92 23.72 *For seven months ending July 31, 1893. 224 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Value of gold coin and bxdlion imported into and exported from the United Stales from 1843 to 1892; also excess of imports or exports. [Compiled from United States Statistical Abstract, 1892.] Year ending June 30— Exports. Total ex- ports. Imports. Excess of exports over imports. Excess of imports over ex- ports. Domestic. Foreign. 1843 (nine $25,602,569 32,264,862 35,442,456 19,997,089 2.679.979 5,787,753 5,736,333 10,186,125 3,995,883 5,816.150 5,021,953 3,870,859 1 AO-A 103 $25,602,569 63,309,513 533,706,651 156,231.642 ir600,888 41,081,957 8,477,892 42,952,191 9; 701, 187 18,376,234 59,952,850 17.274,491 86,362,654 50,195,327 $58,465,192 86,596,255 98.954,642 310,243,192 17,734,149 22,831,317 26,691,696 20,743,349 42,910,601 43,934,347 10,284,858 12,943,342 18.232,567 49,699,454 f32,862,62{ 23,286,745 1853-1862* 1863-1872 $31,044,651 498,264,195 236,234,555 8,920.909 35,294,204 2,741,559 32,766,066 5,705.304 12,560,084 54,930,332 13,403,632 84 939 561 $434; 752,009 54,011,55( 6 133 261 1883 18,250,640 1885 18,213,804 1886 22,208,842 1887 33,209,414 1888 25,558,083 1889 49,667,427 4,331,149 68,130,087 495,873 1891 1892 43l321,'351j 6',873;976 Total 1,060,126,391 164,699,090 1,224,825,481 820,264,931 597,836,027 193,275,477 Total excess of exports . 404,560,550 *Keport of domestic shipments commences with 1862. Value of silver coin and bullion imported into and exported from the United States from] 1843 to 1892, inclusive; also excess of exports. [Compiled from United States Statistical Abstract, 1892.] Period— Year Exports. Total ex- ports. Imports. Excess of exports. ending June 30. Domestic. Foreign. 1843; 9 months- 1852 $62,832,863 400,451,426 188,187,965 186,073,265 12,702,272 14,931,431 21,634,551 19,158.051 17,005,036 20,635,420 25,284,662 22,378,557 14,033,714 16,765,067 $33,874,235 25.883,707 49 611 875 $96,707,098 426,355,133 937 7 M 840 $30,253,698 42,707,040 60,754,850 113,503,974 10,755,242 14.594,945 16,550,626 17,850,307 17,260.191 15,403,669 18,678,215 21,032,184 18,026,880 19,955,086 |i66.453.400 383.628.093 177,044,990 131,008,855 9,464,203 11,456,481 17.203,006 11,060.912 9,036,313 12.634.280 18,011.033 13,840,945 4,564,108 12,855,478 1853 1862 1873 1882 58,439,564 ' 244,512.829 7,517,173 i 20,219,445 11,119,995 26,051,426 12,119,082 33,753,633 10,353,108 29,511,219 9,291,468 26.296.504 1883 .. ■• 1884 1885 1886 1888 7.402.529 11.404.586 12,495,372 8,557,274 16,045,492 28,037.949 36.689,248 34i873,929 22,590,988 32,810,559 1889 1890 1891 1892 Total 1,022,074,280 274,115,520 1,296,189,890 417,327,708 878.862,092 SILVER STATISTICS. 226 Hiijhesi, lowest, and average price of silver bullion, and value of a fine ounce, bullion value of a United States silver dollar, and commercial ratio of silver to gold by fiscal mws, 1874 to 1893. Bullion Equiva- lent value of a tine ounce with exchange at par, ♦4.8665. Equiva- value of a Fiscal years. Highest. Lowest. Average London price per ounce standard .925. lent value of a fine ounce based on average price of exchange. United States sil- ver dollar at average price of silver, ex- change at Com- mercial ratio of silver to gold. par. Pence. Pence. Pence. 1873-'74.. . o9K mi 58.312 $1.27826 $1.28247 ?0.98865 16.17 lS74-'75 .... 58K 55K 56.875 1.25127 1.2.5022 .96777 1^.52 1875-'76 .... 57K 50 52.750 1.15184 1.15954 .89087 17.94 1876-'77 .... 58h- 503€ 54.812 1.20154 1.20191 .92931 17.20 1877-'78 .... 55% 52K 52.562 1.15222 ■ 1.15257 .89116 17.94 1878-'79 .... 5213-16 48% 50.812 1.11386 , 1.11616 .86152 18.55 1879-'80 .... 53% 51% 52.218 1.14436 1.14397 .88509 18.06 1880-'81 .... 52>3 51 51.937 1.13852 1.13508 .88057 18.15 1881-'82 .... 52 5-16 50% 51.812 1.13623 , 1.13817 .87880 18.19 lS82-'83 .... 52 1-16 50 51.023 1.11826 1.11912 .86490 18.48 1883-'8-l .... 51K 50 5-16 50.791 1.11339 1.11529 .86115 18.56 1884-'85 .... 50 13-16 48M 49.843 1.09262 1.09228 .84507 18.92 1885-'86 .... 49 3-16 42 47.03S 1.03112 1.03295 .79750 20.04 1886-'87 .... ilVs 42 44.843 .98301 .98148 .76029 21.02 1887-'88 .... 45 3-16 41% 43.675 .95741 .9.5617 .74008 21.59 188S-'89 .... 44X 41 15-16 42.499 .93163 .93510 .72055 22.18 188i)-'90.... 49 42 44.196 .96883 .96839 .74932 21.33 1H90-'91 .... 54>-; 43% 47.714 1.04195 1.04780 .80588 19.83 l891-'92.... 46% 39 42.737 .93648 .93723 .72430 22.07 1892-'93 .... 40 3-16 30% 38.375 .84133 .84263 .65063 24.57 July B0i 32% 33.060 .72471 .72037 .56052 28.52 Tbeasuky Department, Bureau of the Mint, August 1, 1893. 226 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. Product of gold and silver in the Unif^d States from 1792-1844 and annually since. [The estimate for 1792-1873 is by R. W. Raymond, Commissioner, and since by the Director of the Mint.] Gold. April 2, 1792- July 31, 1834 July 31, 1834-December 31, 1844. 1845 1846 1847 1848 1849 1850 1851 1852 . 1053 1854 1855 1856 1857 1858 1859 1860 1861 1862 1863 1864 1865 1866 1867 1868 1869 1870 1871 1872 1873 1874 1875 1876 1877 1878 1879 1880 1881. .i. 1882 1883 1884 1885 1887. 1888. 1889. 1890. 1891 . 1892. Total. $14,000,000 7.500,000 1.008,327 1,139,357 889,085 10,000,000 40,000,000 50,000,000 55,000.000 60,000,000 65,000,000 60,000.000 55,000,000 .55,000,000 55.000.000 50,000.00 50,000.000 46,000.n00 43.000.000 39,200,000 40,000,000 46,100.000 53.225.000 53,500,000 51.725,000 48,000,000 49,600.000 50,000 000 ^3.. 500. 000 96.000,000 36,000,000 33,500,000 33,400.000 39.900,000 46,900 000 51.200,000 33,900,000 36.000,000 34.700.000 32,.500.000 30,000 000 .30.800,000 31.800,000 35.000.000 83.000.009 33.175,000 32,800.000 32.845.000 3.3.175,000 33,000.000 Insignificant $250,000 50.000 50,000 .50,000 50,000 50.000 50.000 50.000 50,000 50,000 50,000 50.000 50,000 .50,000 500,000 100.000 150,000 2,000.000 4,500.000 8,500.000 11,000,000 11,250.000 10.000.000 13. .500,000 12,000.000 12.000,000 16,000,000 23,000.000 28,750.000 35,750,0(0 57,300,000 31,700,000 38,800.000 39,800.000 45.200.000 40,800,000 39.200,000 43.000.000 46,800,000 46.200.G00 48,800.000 51.600.000 51.000.000 53.350,000 59,195.000 64.646,000 70,461 000 75,417.000 73,697.000 1,146.869,000 $14,000,000 7,750,000 1,058,327 1,189.357 939,085 10.050.000 40.050.000 .50.050,000 55,050.000 60,050.000 65.050,000 60.050.000 55.050.000 .55,050,000 •55,050.(100 50,500,000 50.100.000 46,150.000 45.000,000 43,700,000 48.500.000 •57,100,000 64,475.000 63.500.000 65,225.000 60,000.000 61,500.01)0 66,000.000 66,500,000 64.750.000 71,750.000 70.800.000 65,100,000 78,700.000 86,700,000 96.400.000 79.700.0110 77,700 O.iO 79,300,000 76 200.000 79.600.000 83,400,000 86.000,000 86,350.000 92.370.000 97.446.000 103,309.000 108,5'.»2.0i(0 106.697.000 3,0«4.7.^,0,7(;i SILVER STATISTICS. 227 Sinlemeni of ifie production oj gold and silver in the rkl since the discovery of America. 'rom 1493 to 1885 is from the table of averages for certian periods compiled by Dr Adolph Soetbeer. For the years 1886-1892 the production is the anniial estimate of the Bureaia of the Mint.] Gold. Period. Annual average of period. Total for the period. Fine ounces. Value. Fine ounces. Value. 93-1520 186,470 230.194 273,596 219,906 237,267 273,918 266,845 281.955 297,709 346,095 412,163 613,422 791,211 665,666 571,948 571,563 367,957 457,044 652,291 1,760,502 6,410,324 6,486,262 5,949,582 6,270,086 5,501,014 5.543,110 4,794,755 ■ 5,127.750 13,855.000 4.759,000 5,656.000 4,546,000 4,905,000 5.662,000 5,516.000 5,828,000 6,154,000 7,154,000 8,520,000 12,681,000 16,356,000 1"3,761,000 11,823,000 11.815.000 7,606,000 9,448,000 13.484,000 36.393.000 132,573,000 134,083.000 122.989,000 129,614.000 115,577.000 114,186,000 99.116,000 106,000.000 5,221,160 5,524,656 4,377,544 4,398,120 4.745.340 5,478,360 5,336,900 5,639.110 5,954,180 6,921,895 8.243.260 12,268,440 15,824,230 13,313,315 11,43«.970 5,715,627 3.679.568 4.570,444 6,522,913 17.605,018 32,051,621 32.431,312 29,747,913 31 350,4.30 27.955,068 27.715,550 23,973,773 5,127,750 $107,931,000 21 1544 114,205,000 45-1560 90,492,000 61 1580 90.917,000 81 1600 .. . 98,095,000 01 1620 113,248,000 21-1640 110,324,000 41-1660 61-1680 116,571,000 123,084,000 81-1700 01-1720 143.088,000 170,40.3,000 21 1740 ... 253.611,000 41 1760 327,116,000 61-1780 275,211,000 81-1800 236,464,000 01-1810 11-1820 118,152,000 76.063,000 21 1830 94,479,000 31-1840 134,841,000 41-1850 51-1855 56-1860 ... 61-1865 66-1870 71-1875 76-1880 $81-1885 J86 . .. 36.3,928,000 662.566,000 670,415,000 614,944,000 648,071,000 577,083,000 572,931,000 495,582,000 106,000,000 228 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAION BOOK. Statement of the production of gold and silcer in the u-or/d— Continued. [From 1493 to 1835 is from table of averages for certain periods compiled by Dr Adolph Soetbeer. For the years 1336-1892 the production is the annual estimate the Bureau of the Mint.] Silver. Percentage of pro- duction. Period. jAnnual av'ge of period. Total for the period. By weight. By value. 1103-1520. 1521-1544. 1515-1560. 15iJl-15S0. 1531-1600. lJOl-1620. Ii2 1-1640. 1641-1660 1561-1680. 1681-1700. 1701-1720. 1721-1740. 1741-1760. 1761-1780. 1781-1800. 1^01-1810. ini-1820. 1821-1830. 1831-1840. 1841-1850. 1-<51-1855. 1356-1860. 1S61-1865. 1366-1870. 1 !71-1875. >^76-1880. 1381-1885. 1886 Fine ounces. I i_ 1,511.050 I 2.899.930 10,017,940 i 9,628.925 i 13,467,635 | 13,596,235 12,654,240 I 11,776,545 I 10,834,550 10,992,085 11,432,540 13,863.080 17.140.612 20.985.591 28.261,779 28.746,922 17.382,755 14,807.004 19.175.367 25,090.342 28.488.597 - 29,095.428 35.401,972 43.051,583 : 63.317,014 , 78,775.602 92,003.943 93,276,000 'VlTuT Fine ounces. Coinage value. Gold. •$1,954,000 3,749,000 12,952.000 12,450,000 17.413,000 17,579.000 16.361.000 15.226.000 14.008.000 14.212.000 14.781.000 17.924.000 22.162.000 . 27.133.000 36,540,000 37,168.000 22,479,000 19,144.000 24.793.000 32.440,000 36.824.000 37.618. non 45.772.000 55,663,000 .si,»64.000 101.851.000 118,955.000 120,600,000 42.309,400 69.59-^.320 160.287.040 192.578,500 269.352.700 271.924,700 253,034.800 235,530,900 216,691,000 219,841,700 228.650.800 277.261.600 342.812.235 419,711.820 565.2.35.580 287.469.225 173. 857.. 555 148,070.040 191.75^,675 250.903.422 142,442,986 145.477.142 177.009, S62 215,25 ,914 316,.58.5,069 , 393.878.^0 ' 4W.019.722 , 93.276,000 I $54,703,000 89.936.000 207,240.000 248.990.000 348.254.000 351,579.000 327,221,000 304.525,000 280.166.000 284.240.000 295.629.000 358.430,000 443.232.000 542,6.58,000 730.810.000 371,677.000 224.736.000 191.44^1,000 247.930.000 .324,400,000 184.169.000 188,092,000 22s.861.000 278.313.000 409.322.000 509,256,000 594,773.000 120.600 000 11.0 7.4 9 7 2;2 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.7 3.1 3.5 4.2 4.4 3.1 2.0 1.9 2.1 3.0 3.3 6.6 18.4 18.2 14.4 12.7 8.1 6.6 5.0 5.2 Sil- Gold. 89.0 66.4 92.6 55.^ 97.3 I 30.4 97.8 I 26.7 98.3 ! 22.0 98.0 97.9 97.7 97.3 96.9 96.5 95.8 95.6 96.9 98.0 98.1 97.9 24.4 25.2 27.7 30.5 33.5 36.6 41.4 42.5 33.7 24.4 24.1 25.3 97.0 33.0 96.7 35.2 93.4 52.9 81.6 73.3 81.8 73.1 85.6 72.9 87.3 70.0 91.9 53.6 93.4 53.0 95.0 45.5 94.8 46.8 FINANCIAL AND COMMERCIAL STATISTICS. 229 § § 1 i 03 S i 1 : 1 : 52 ;.! '^^ p- 1 £ ^ ? § c « fl *-5 §8 £§§§§ § 1 lO-* C X -IXC C5 C5 .— TT t- X -H O «) -*« ;So«5r-c fe_ i 1 gg OJg^'c^'o x' q c-t- OXc5x M 1 "^ co' cJ in -h' s s ' gooooogoe § isiiiisii C■. ' X ^^ C<) ft o_ «_ c~ m f '~- t-^ -4' oc «c t-' ^ cc x' c ^' 03if5iC;CMCC>:co^ eo •-= -# CO rH ri CV «D i' ggggggggg s gS^$g§Kg? ^ f- o ~* ^_ 5C Ci ic ~_^ --C o_ o c ^' 5 C^ c4' uo" -* Cl' -rr O o' -* -^ 1 ! •* cc c; o^ M^ 05 o o :^_ t- ®^ .2 a cs' ^ x' cs' Ci c' o' r: ^ «' '-i csiOinto-M-rc-ocr H £ :S >-r -H 00t-iC<1 ^ 1 §gSiig§§i l\S — • ^ Q^ — '-L -C- — " -. t-h' 56 '/. o ii — — -^ - X 5 ? c-_t- c-i_c: "/^ -.^.- H j ■* M -T to' -g co c5 c l5 X ;-; I- or c ; (M >) cc C-' i-o -ri x =■' o — ' - Vi o o o C-. c-i -tt ■>] 1-1 c •-s " iS OOO — C:~:=S" 5 1 O j i OOCS = = = = = O , •i< OJ ^1 1 — c Y- S352Si;iiJg = ■i i o 1 " 1 - 1 ^^ ^ >crt CO C-. o i- -m'.- ; -* i-O -^ -^ — C: ri .- c 'j \ o a ^ S = - -r -.-=:- : ""> c-- x'-'-'rf c. •-'-'- -; ! d- s C o -X =: c-i ?t -H -^ c - Oi "^ Tf. -^ ro — CO ^1:- ■ :•:::: c. ;§ i| M i^ is i > i s? ~ o-xj a i|i|liri- ■i 5 § ~ c C3: 2 £ ^ X i; 5 1 1 230 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK. O CO Oi «o O IC © « > o o o cc 1 O O O "* > in o o ^ ^' i 2S S' \d P' '^ i^' c^' o' e^' =^' CO OJOT Oi ■ ;§ !g 1:2 05 5. CO X |S5 ex 1^ CM ^coinrHcooooo cacoocc-ioicc^ioo ■ «a rH T-T ctT to' CO co' (m' ^«o>n ao rH ic 'o -^'oo'i^'co' R: CO rH IC O X^ C~ «■ CO ( O CO C-1 -.D i-H CO 3d' o' 33' 1.0 rN X - ■-= ossss^ ?-.";: 2: IS 00 I OJ \^ Tt< CO -t" iC O c ;55_ C OC X o o o < . iMO Tf -* 1 ^00-c 1 t- QO 01 •, 1867 to 18 »:!. [From oflacial data.] Debt, less Inter- Net onii- Net ordi- Dis- burse- Mer- clian- liise im- Customs revenue .\verage a? (Per capita) (Per (Per (Per tion. (Per On du- tiable. customs .■apira.) '■apitai capit.i.) capita.) (Per capita.) capita.) reve- nue. Dolh. Dolls. Dolls. D'lUs. Dol's. Dolls. Dolls. Per ct. Perct. Per ct. i-,. 1 DoUars. 99,531,774 0,214,058 98.455,3.%! 7,584,78! 101,718,04-.2 7,805,306 150,.574,84< 6,166,754 130,a03,70t , 7,980,806 1.31,710,08] 1 8,641,091 134,900,233 9,475,493 178,6aO,l.S& 10,395.131 154,931,147 13,053,084 189,8(39,162 13,630,120 215,.328,30C 3] ,715.464 19-.i,751,1.35 3 ,158,368 266,438,051 14,781 ,.372 278,906,713 14,917,047 251,351,033 30,660,241 278,.392,08C 14,509,971, 316,242,433 17,333,634 204,899,616 14,654,317 179,644,034 11,026,477 186,003,912 17,960,535 143,504,037 15,333.9611 136,940,348 39,089.0551 337,518,103 11,341,420, 379,786,809 14,719,332 369,.389,900 12,563,999, 275,166,697 10,951,000! 376,616,473 16,155,295, 428.398,908 14,421,370 428,487,131 15,690,455' 505,033,439 17,446,4831 569,4.33,431 16,849,619, 499,2S4,100 14,158,611 i 525,583,347 14,802,424 589,670.334 13,804,996 680,709,268 14,150,498 698,340,790 13,098,651 1 823,946,3.53 11,093,305 883,925,947 18,451,399 7.33,239,732 17,303,535' 804,223,632 19,615,770 724,964,852 15,548,757 736,682,946 15,506,809 665,964,529 13.560.301 703,023,933 13,160,388| 683,863,104 13.093,403: 730,283,009 13,118,760 845,293,838 13,5:34.850 872,370,383 13.310,537 1,015,7.32,011 14,.540,137 831,030,785 10,634,409 Dollars. 105,745,833 lO0,(U(1,m 109„5S;i34S 150,741,59s, 138,190,515' 140,.351,173 144,-375,736! 188,915,3.59 166,984,331; 303,489,282 337.043,7641 318,909,503 281,319,4231 293,823,760 272,011,274 292,902,051 333,576.057 219,553,833 190,670,501 303,964,447 158,837,988 166,029,303 348,859,522 294,506,141 281,953,899 386,117,697 393,771,768 442,820.178 444,177,580 522.479.922 586,383,040 513.442.711 540,384,671 602,475,330 694,865,766' 710,439,4411 8:^5,638,6.58 902,377 ,;346! 750,542,2571 833,839,403 740.513.609 742,189,755; 079.534,8:30 716,18.3,311! 695,9.54,507 1 743,401 ,:i75, 857,828,084 884,480,810 :, 030,278, 148 847,663,1941 Do'la7-a. 103,604,606 11:J,1S4,:332 117,914,065 ]33,434,;M9 148,0;«,644 141,306,199 173,509.526, 210,771,429 207,440,398; 263,777.265 297.803.794 257.808,708 310,432,310 :i48,438,.343 363,3:38,654 :331,3;:33,:341 353,616,119 389,310,543 189,:356.677 243,.3:35,815 310,447,283 238,745,-580 434.812,066' 395,761,090: :«7,436,440| 417.506,379 4.35.958,408 520,323,684 620,595,077 643,1:36,310 .567,406,343 533,005.436 460,741,190 451,333,136 437,051,533 445,777,775 667,9547461 642,664,628: 734,0:39,574! 733,180,914; 667,697,693! 577,537,339 0:35,4:36,1:36 693,319,7'68! 738,957,114 745,1:31,653 789,310,409 844,916,190 827,403,4021 866,400,932 Dollars. 208,350,438 219,224,433 227,497,313 279,165,947 286,829,159 381,.557..371 317.885,353 399,686.688 374.424,029 407.306,547 534,847.558 476,718,311 591.651.733 043.253.102 535,.349,928 624,235,393 087,193,176 508,864,375 .380,027,178 447,300,262 475,285,2711 404,774,883 783,671,588 090,267,337 639,389,:339 703,634,07'6 838,730,176 963,043,803 1,070,783,063 1,164,016,1:33 1,153,089,882 1,046,448,147 1,001,13.5,861 l,0.53,79Si,346 1,1.31,917,3981 1,156,217,216 1,503,593,404 1,545,041,974 1,475,181,8:^1 1,547,030,316 1 1, 408,31 1,:302 1,319,717,084 1,314,960,966 l,408,.5O3,97'9 1,419,911,031 1,487,5:33,037 1,047. 1:39,098 1,739,8W,0()6 1,8.57,680,610 1.714,004.110 Do'lai 3.141,226 7,144,211 8,330,817 10.448.129 855.037 39,1:33.800 31,850,170 40,456.107 60.287,983 60,700,0:30 :38,899,205 29,212,887 54,604,582 :38,431,290 20,040,662 69,756,709 " 39,37l',.368 1.57,609.295 72,716,377 85,953,.544 101,354.955 75.483,541 1:31 ,:388 .682 43,186,640 77.403,506 182,417,491 119,656,388 18,876,698 "79 643,481 151,152,094 357,814,3:34 .204,661,666 167,683,912 359,713,718 35,903,683 100,658,488 73,815,916 164,662,426 44,088,694 23,863,443 68,518,2.57 39,564,614 302,875,686 19,562,725 28,002,607 2,730,277 18,7-37,728 NO. 95.— UNITED KINGDOM. ,879 346,485,881 880 450,994.244 881 477,450,619 882 404,248,031 883 420,433.473 884 :382,717,159 885 :394,925,935 :886 -344.937.973 .887 :363, 101,143 1888 ' :3.58,338,790 1889 I 379,990,1:31 .890 444,459,009 :891 441.599,807 ,892 493,957,868 ,893 414,966,094 ] 3,343.558 3,803,358 3,684,459 4,099,134 4,990,701 -348,828,439 453.790,497 481, 1. ■;.-..' a - 408.:3.: -^ 435, l-J. oSO,-:;- ■■ 18,038,423 :jO,789,424 ■J7.:345.468 30.7;:i3,749 ■30,695,433 3,991,543 I 382,981.074 | 28,305,96:3 3,4:36,653 447,895,663 30.(H6.069 3,814,219 445.414,036 36.418.4:30 5,:3-57.464 ] 499,-^5,-332 35.-367,178 6,168,457 421,1:34,551 43,166,473 89,900,-389 179,824,270 1. -.0,440,370 lii!t,i)08,193 If,], 298,179 i::4,962,9(M) 113,300,331 136,908,580 i:38,:3.^4,694 147.'-'("-.'.,-r-.-^ 120,;.:«. ',(),; i:39,b9)!,396 108,-5-38 310.613 174.493, 195.588. 188,623. 163.549, i:36.701. 154.3.54, 165.n67, r7'^97. —240,289.627' —243,182,803 —306.641.340 — 312.7.58,4(>:3 —236.801,555 -223,688,778 -261,401,423 —194,199,646 —201.243.436 -183,617,728 -204,712,607 .9.56 —261,400,706 ;,363 —250,690,764 1,881 ; —343,014,451 1.769 ! -2-38,274.782 234 DEMOCRATIC CAMPAIGN BOOK, STATISTICS ON WOOL. Extract from Speech of Hon. Peter J. Somers, of Wiscon- sin, in the H. of R., August 13, 1894. SAVING IN THE WOOL AND WOOLEN SCHED0LE. By the adoption of this bill you save to the people of this country more than f 141,- 000,000, as is shown by the statement I herewith present, made by the deputy appraiser of the port of New York : A statement showing the amount saved to the consumer by the adoption of tlie Senate bill in place of the McKinley act, Schedule A', wool and woolens, prepared by J. Schoenhof, deputy ap- praiser of the port of New York. English cloth made in Leeds, imported into the port of New York, wool and cotton warp, 60 inches wide, Aveighing 113^ ounces per yard : Cost per yard Is M less 5 and 5 per cent discount, 27 cents net per yard : Cents. McKinley duty (38>-^ cents per pound -;- 40 per cent per yard) 39.80 Senate duty (40 per cent per yard) 10.80 Saved to consumer 29.00 The samples No. 1 to No. 6 attached to the respective statements represent actual importations made in the current year. The prices are the actual invoice prices, as passed by the appraiser's'department in New York. English cloth, wool and cotton warp, imported into the port of New York, 54 inches wide, weight 13 ounces per yard : Cost per yard l.* 23^lace of the McKinley act. 1892-'93. Imports of manufactures of wool $36,993,000 Duties 36,448,000 Import value, duty paid 73,441,000 1889-'90. Census vear, domestic manufactures : Woolen goods $133,577,000 Worsted goods 79,194,000 Hosiery and knit goods $67,241,000 Deduct cotton hosierv 17,000,000 ' 50,241,000 Carpets 47,770,000 310,782,000 Value of domestic manufactures 384,223,000 Add 333^ per cent to cover wholesale and retail profits 128,074,000 Cost of wool manufactures to consumers 512,297,000 Cost of wool manufactures under Senate bill on same amounts : Importations f 36, 993, 000 Duty, 45 per cent 16,665.000 53,658,000 Value of domestic manufactures, $310,000,000, re- duced from an average of 100 per cent duty to 45 per cent rate as a result of free wool ' 224,525,000 278,183,000 Add 33X per cent as profits 92,728.000 370,911,000 Amount saved to consumers on the woolen schedule only under Senate bill 141,386,000 IISTDEX:. Page. Appkopriations akd Expenditures 142 Anti-Teust Provisions of New Taeipf Law 130 Eysuji, W. D. on Civil Service 195 Carlisle, Secret aey— Letter on Sugar. Coal, Iron and Wire 131 Chili— Haerison's Bluster 155 Chinese— Immigration Restricted 16 Treaty of 1891 21 Civil Service Ee"form Sham. Speecli W. D. Byuuni 195 Speech Geo. W. Cooper 199 Cleveland, Geovep., Letter of Accept mci' 1S02 'JO.-i Letter to Wilson, IHWi, Tariff 2U Letter to Catcliings, l'<-<4. Tariff 218 C'up.RENcy Tables. Comparative Circulation 229 Paper Currency Outstanding 230 CoiniKRciAL Statistics— Population 231 Debt |)or capita 231 Interest per capita 231 Net ordinary expenses per capita 231 Net ordinary receipts per capita 231 Pensions per capita 231 Merchandise imported per capita... 231 Duty collected per capita 231 Average ad valorem duty 231 Exi)enses collection 231 Internal Revenue 231 Money per capita 231 CoiUjValue paper money 231 Ratio silver to gold 231 Price of silver 231 Bullion value of silver dollar 231 Coinage ])er capita 231 Exi)ortsaud Imports ^ 233' Couiumption per capita 232 Page. X;!ooPEK, Geo. W., on Civil Seevice... 199 DiPLOM.*.Tic Relations. Samoau Entanglement 153 Chilian embroglio 155 Hawaiian Islands 159 DocKERY Commission 150 Economy : In Approprations and Expenditures 142 In Executive Departments 150 Executive Departments, Reorganiza- tion OF 150 Expenditures — Cleveland's first administration 8 Harrison's administration 8 Sayers' speech 142 Failures, Statistics 1893 to 1894 fi Gold. Exports Cleveland's First Admiuis- tration 9 Exports Harrison's Administration 9 Ratio Gold to Silver 1795 to 1893 223 Importations 1343 to 1892 224 Exports of, 1843 to 1892 224 Production of the world 227 Production of the United States 226 Hawaiian Islands 159 Immigration. Chinese, Restriction of 16 Laws Enforced 27 Indian Schools, Non-Sectarian 1C5 Income Tax— Provisions of new law 114 McMillin's Report 117 Receipts under previous acts 117 Wikes' Speech 119 Statistics of Enormous Incomes 121 Labor, Contract, Importation of 12 Day, Made Holiday by Democrats .. 15 A.*; Affected by Tariffs, Mills' Speech 133 Millionaires of America 120 INDEX. Page. Panics. Of 1873, Statistics 6 Of 1894, Cause of 7 Not by Fear of Tariff Reform 5 Pensions. Leg-slationby Democrats 170 Cleveland's record 171 Appropriations 173 Democratic record 175 Special cases 183 "Wholesale frauds 184 Reforms in office 186 PiGOTT, James P., Populist Recokd.. 188 Platfobm Democbatic, 1892 202 Populist Record. Some billion dollar bills 189 Socialistic bills 193 Fifty billions required 194 Saters, .Jos. D.— Appropriations and Expenditures 142 Schools, Indian 165 Silver Statistics— Sherman law 222 Rates of gold to silver 1795 to 1893... 223 Importations 1843 to 1892 224 Exports of 1843 to 1892 224 Production of, in the world 227 Average price of, 1874 to 1893 225 Production of, in United States 226 Coinage per capita 229 Soldiers— Democrats and the 170 SoMERS— Statistics on Wool 234 State taxation of bank notes, etc., authorized 221 Sugar , See Tariff Schedules. Carlisle's Letter 131 Republicans and the Trust 127 Sugar Trust Republicans— Republicans Create Trust 79 Debate and Vote in Senate 79 Surplus, Spent by Republicans 10 Tariff, Comparis-ox McKinley Act, Wilson Pill and New Law 82 ! Page Tablff Reductions— Statement by Groups— 100 Per Cent and Over 89 75 to 100 Per Cent 93 50 to 75 Per Cent 93 j 25 to 50 Per Cent 96 Less than 25 Per Cent 106 1 Tariff, Saving on Woolen Schedule. 234 Taeeft— Comparison of Rates Be- j TWEEN McKinley act .4.nd new law. Agiicult\iral products 57 Beverages 60 ! Books 74 j Chemicals 30 ' Coal and coke Cotton and manufactures of Earths and earthenware I Fish Flax and manufactures of Glassware Hemp Metal and manufactures of... Miscellaneous manufactures. Oils Jute Leather and manufactiires of Paints Paper Provisions Pulp Silk and silk goods Spirits, wines, etc Sugar and molasses Sundries Tobacco and manufactures of Wines, spirits Wood and manufactures of Wool and woolen goods Taxes on Rich Repealed by Repub- licans Trusts. Sugar, Republicans Favor Anti-Trust Provisions of New Law.. Wages: Millb'^Statistics Wealth. Concentration of Distribution'of Untaxing, by Republicans 127 130 120 123 124 14 DAY USE RETURN TO DESK FROM WHICH BORROWED LOAN DEPT. This book is due on the last date stamped below, or on the date to which renewed. Renewals only: Tel. No. 642-3405 Renewals may be made 4 days ijrior to date due. Renewed books are subject to immediate recall. IJUL 7 1973 6 » -2's® .;u::2 3 12^5P^i5'^ ■ ■■■»«a . DEC 22 •1977'* 2 filS. ClR.''t' -1 '77 FEB 5 1989 ..^ 'Zlufr'f fl iflf 5in. ■t'D^Omi tefly 4 ? m^ 1 i LfD21A-20ni-3,'73 (Q8677slO)476-A-31 General Library University of California 1 Berkeley Miliars )\i-^v THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY U.C. BERKELEY LIBRARIES llllllilllllll CQDblDDfl=lD