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 ''OUR METHOD" 
 
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COPYRIGHT, 1918, 
 
 By REBECCA GODCHAUX and 
 
 JOSEPHINE GODCHAUX 
 
 All rights reserved. 
 
Our Method" 
 
 for TEACHING 
 
 PRACTICAL 
 FRENCH 
 
 Dedicated to "OUR BOYS" 
 
 BY 
 
 Rebecca and Josephine Godchaux 
 
 tftft: 
 
 DISTRIBUTING AGENTS: 
 
 "THE WHITE HOUSE" 
 RAPHAEL WEILL & CO. 
 
 GRANT AVENUE & SUTTER STREET 
 
 SAN FRANCISCO. CAL. 
 
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 w 
 
OUR METHOD" 
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 Each lesson consists of a conversation, a vocabu- 
 lary relating to the subject, and some grammar. 
 
 Page 
 
 Preface 7 
 
 Sounds: vowels, consonants, rules, etc.; advice 
 for reading 11 
 
 SUBJECTS OF THE DIFFERENT LESSONS: 
 Lesson 
 
 I : Greetings 17 
 
 II: Parts of the body; Senses 22 
 
 III: Food, Trees, Flowers 29 
 
 IV: The House 36 
 
 V: Name, Age, Family 45 
 
 VI: Days, Months, Seasons, Time, Measures, 
 
 Numbers, Coin 52 
 
 VII: S'oldier's equipment 58 
 
 VIII: The Weather, Post-office 63 
 
 IX: The Theatre, The Performance 69 
 
 X: Travels, Animals 75 
 
 XI: Shopping 80 
 
 VERB SECTION 85 
 
 XII: The Doctor, Dentist Ill 
 
 XIII: Stationery, Bookstore, Photography 118 
 
 XIV: Teacher and Pupil, Arts, Sciences, Prof- 
 essions 120 
 
 XV: Miscellaneous Subjects: Railroad, Hotel, 
 Bank, Lawyers, Telegraph, Calling, 
 
 Tailor, Dressmaker, etc 125 
 
 Additional Classified Vocabulary, relating to 
 
 the fifteen lessons 138 
 
 Vocabulary of Virtues, Vices, Sentiments, etc. .145 
 
 Grouping of useful expressions 146 
 
 Idiomatic expressions often used 147 
 
 Classified idiomatic expressions (Surprise, Re- 
 gret, Anger, Pride, etc.) 149 
 
 Formulas for Letter-writing, Cards, Notes, etc. . 152 
 
 385516 
 
'OUR METHOD' 
 
 Exercises for Translation, relating to the Gram- 
 matical Rules . 156 
 
 French Anecdotes; French Witticisms 160 
 
 Military Section 163 
 
 Army, Navy, Aviation, Hospital, Soldiers' 
 
 Slang 170 
 
 La Marseillaise 172 
 
 Sights of Paris and its surroundings 174 
 
 Supplementary remarks 175 
 
 A few suggestions as to what books to read. . .176 
 
 GRAMMAR 
 
 The articles: "definite" — "indefinite" (lesson 
 I). "At the", "to the": au, a la, aux. — 
 "From the", "of the": du, de la, des (lesson 
 
 II) . 28 
 
 Partitive Article: some, any, (lesson II)... 27 
 
 Gender — Plural of nouns 26 
 
 Nouns: Formation of some nouns (lesson I) . . . 20 
 
 Gender — Plural of nouns 26 
 
 Interrogative and Negative forms: (lesson I).. 19 
 
 Also 35-36 
 
 Auxiliary Verbs: Avoir (have); £tre (be) 41 
 
 Formation of Present tense 19-34 
 
 Formation of Past tenses 72-73 
 
 Formation of Future 77 
 
 Formation of Conditional 84 
 
 Reflective or pronominal verbs 60 
 
 Use of the tenses of the Verbs 114 
 
 Verb Section complete 4 conjugations — regu- 
 lar — irregular — passive — impersonal, 
 etc 85 
 
 Adjectives 
 
 Demonstrative — possessive — indefinite .... 39 
 qualifying — comparative — numeral 48-55 
 
 Pronouns 
 
 Possessive — demonstrative 62 
 
 Personal (conjunctive and disjunctive) 66 
 
 Indefinite — Relative — Interrogative 68-73 
 
 Conjunctions — Prepositions — Adverbs 79-83 
 
"OUR METHOD" 
 
 PREFACE 
 
 This little book: "Our Method"— for 
 teaching practical French has been inspir- 
 ed by a most ardent desire to help the 
 splendid sons of great America in their 
 wonderful "Fight in France, for Right and 
 Liberty". 
 
 It has been our aim to make the study 
 of the beautiful French language accessible 
 and practical. 
 
 After many years of teaching we have 
 gathered the fruit of experience and gladly 
 offer its harvest to "our boys" and to all 
 those whom it might help. 
 
 We do not claim for our little book the 
 completeness of more extensive methods, 
 but we feel sure that we have accomplished 
 our aim, which is to eliminate the super- 
 fluous and absorb the essential. ' ' 
 
 Too often, memories are taxed with rules 
 and expressions seldom used and which 
 crowd out the more necessary elements, 
 while creating confusion. 
 
 We have tried to adapt our method to the 
 requirements of the human mind, remember- 
 ing that we are "creatures of habit" — too 
 much so perhaps — but that, nevertheless, 
 habit is a strong factor to be used with great 
 benefit. Therefore, we have chosen this 
 conversational system which by constant 
 repetition, accustoms the ear and tongue of 
 the pupil to the rhythm of the French con- 
 
"OUR METHOD" 
 
 struction and to the sound of French words. 
 The latter have been grouped according to 
 subjects. 
 
 We have reversed the traditional order of 
 methods by giving the example before the 
 rule — the Synthesis before the Analysis — 
 the whole before the part. 
 
 The ''Whys," "Whats" and "Where- 
 fores" could never exist without the sug- 
 gestion which the object in its completion 
 can alone inspire. 
 
 Grammar should not be forced upon the 
 mind, but "granted" as an answer to the 
 intelligent, awakened and inquiring curios- 
 ity of the pupil. 
 
 If we have succeeded in making the way 
 easier for students of French, and helped to 
 spread the knowledge and love of "le parler 
 le plus delectable" (the most delightful lan- 
 guage) as it was called already centuries 
 ago ! — we will feel repaid for our efforts. 
 
 May we thus have helped in our humble 
 capacity, to equip this wonderful living 
 hyphen between two great Countries — the 
 American Army! — in its sublime answer to 
 an Ideal Call so splendidly expressed by the 
 words of General Pershing: 
 
 "La Fayette, we are here!" 
 La Fayette, nous voici ! 
 
 Rebecca Godchaux, 
 
 "Officier de l'lnstruction Publique". 
 
 San Francisco, October 1st, 1918. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 
 
 HOW TO USE THIS METHOD 
 
 Our- aim in publishing this little book is 
 to facilitate the mastering of a practical 
 knowledge of French and to enable students 
 to talk fluently and unhesitatingly. 
 
 A few suggestions may assist the pupils : 
 
 1. Study the lesson until every word is 
 thoroughly retained. 
 
 2. When taking a new lesson, always re- 
 view those preceding. Our experience 
 in teaching has so absolutely convinced 
 us of the great value and indispensabil- 
 ity of " repetition' ' that we can not lay 
 enough stress on the necessity of review- 
 ing, of "repeating". 
 
 In this way, not words only, but also 
 entire sentences properly constructed 
 will naturally present themselves to the 
 pupil's mind. 
 
 3. When studying the vocabulary, pupils 
 are advised to always connect the proper 
 article with the noun. This will greatly 
 facilitate the use of the correct gender. 
 For example, learn : 
 
 La legon 
 Le jardin 
 Le livre 
 La maison, etc. 
 
10 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 thus training the ear (which can be- 
 come so helpful a guide) to the sound 
 of the right article. 
 
 4. To obviate the trouble which pupils often 
 experience in "catching" (as they say) 
 the spoken French words, we urge teach- 
 ers using this method to question pupils 
 frequently. 
 
 The lessons have been so arranged as 
 to easily afford the opportunity and facil- 
 ity of doing so. 
 
 This will largely help the students to 
 gain much more than the "visual" know- 
 ledge of French to which they have too 
 often been restricted, and will enable 
 them to understand with the ear as well 
 as with the eye. We also advise pupils 
 to study aloud. 
 
OUR METHOD" 11 
 
 
 
 
 ALPHABET 
 
 
 
 
 A 
 
 B 
 
 C 
 
 D 
 
 E 
 
 F 
 
 G 
 
 H 
 
 1 
 
 ah 
 
 bay 
 
 say 
 
 day 
 
 ay 
 
 eff 
 
 jay 
 
 ash 
 
 ee 
 
 J 
 
 K 
 
 L 
 
 M 
 
 N 
 
 
 
 P 
 
 Q 
 
 R 
 
 gee 
 
 ka 
 
 ell 
 
 em 
 
 en 
 
 oh 
 
 pay 
 
 ku 
 
 air 
 
 S 
 
 T 
 
 U 
 
 V 
 
 W 
 
 X 
 
 
 Y 
 
 Z 
 
 es 
 
 tay 
 
 U 
 
 vay dooblev 
 
 eeks eegrek 
 
 zed 
 
 
 
 
 SOUNDS 
 
 
 
 
 VOYELLES — VOWELS 
 
 a e i o u y (i) 
 
 a 
 
 has two sounds in French: 
 a — (short, like "a" in "mast", although less nasal. 
 
 Ex.: ma — tas — pas — alle — va 
 a — (long), like "a" in "father" — "arm". 
 
 Ex.: ame — pate 
 
 e 
 
 has three sounds: 
 e (muet — silent), like "u" in "curl", — "fur". 
 
 Ex: le cheval — table, 
 e (ferme — closed), with the "accent aigu" (') 
 
 is pronounced like "a" in "skate", "rate. 
 
 Ex: clarte — charite. 
 e (ouvert — open), with the "accent grave" 
 
 (e) above it, is pronounced like "e" in (< egg ,f . 
 
 Ex.: pere — mere — frere. 
 e (long), with the "accent circonflexe", like e, 
 
 but longer, more drawn. 
 
 Ex.: tete — bete — fete. 
 
 i 
 
 i is pronounced like "ee" in "knee". 
 
 Ex.: lit — nid — cri (t, d, silent). 
 
 o 
 
 has two sounds: 
 
 O (closed) as in "rose". 
 
 Ex.: chose — pose — mot — usually pro- 
 nounced thus before "s" "t" and words 
 ending in "tion" like: notion — potion 
 sot — pot — vos. 
 
 o (ouvert — open) like "u" in "rub" "mud". 
 
 Ex.: mode — robe — votre. 
 U — (whistling sound) the lips should be shaped 
 as if to whistle: 
 Ex.: vu — lu — dune — lune. 
 
 y (i grec) is sounded like i (ee). 
 
 Ex.: lys. 
 
12 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 DIPHTHONGS 
 ai — ei — (e) 
 (open "e" like in "egg" 
 Ex.: balai — jamais — mais — veine — Seine 
 
 au — eau — (o) 
 Ex.: etau — blaireau — chaud — beau 
 eu — u in fur 
 "e" mute (like "fur") 
 Ex.: peu — feu — bleu — cheveu — neveu 
 pleut. 
 When followed by an "r", "eu" takes a more 
 open sound like "purr". 
 
 Ex.: peur — fleur — pleur. 
 
 oi ("oa" or "wa") 
 Ex.: Moi — toi — loi — trois — froid. 
 
 ou "oo" 
 Ex.: nous — chou — trou — four — lourd. 
 
 ENDINGS 
 er — ez — ed 
 
 as endings, have the sound of "e" (closed) 
 Ex.: diner — chanter — nez — venez — pied 
 
 et 
 as ending, has the sound of "e" (open) 
 Ex.: sujet — muguet — objet 
 
 L MOUILLE — LIQUID L 
 The liquid I sound is the "ye" sound, as "y" in 
 "young" — "yield". 
 
 ail — aille 
 "eye" 
 Ex.: bail — corail — email — travail — faille 
 maille. 
 
 eil — eille 
 "a-ye" 
 Ex.: soleil — vermeil 
 oreille — abeille 
 
 euil — euille (eu-ye) 
 Ex.: seuil — deuil — feuille 
 chevreuil — feuillage. 
 ouil — ouille (oo-ye) 
 Ex.: fouille — bouilli — grenouille. 
 
 ille (ee-ye) 
 Ex.: fille — famille. 
 There are exceptions to the latter as: 
 
 ville (city) pupille (ward — pupil of the eye) 
 tranquille (quiet), mille (thousand), where 
 "I" is sounded. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 13 
 
 NASALES — Nasal syllables 
 The nasal sound is slightly pronounced through 
 the nose — just enough to color agreeably the son- 
 orous sound of the vowel. It is always expressed 
 by an "n" or an "m" following a vowel — thus: 
 
 an, am, en, em 
 (like the English "on", being careful not to pro- 
 nounce the n, but stop at it. 
 
 Ex.: banc — lampe — den* — vent. 
 
 on, om 
 like above, only rounding the lips for the 
 
 "o" sound 
 Ex.: rond — bon — mon. 
 
 ain, aim, ein, eim, in, im 
 like "an" in "and", "bank" dropping the "nk" 
 and "nd" sounds. 
 Ex.: main — pain — saint — sein — peint 
 lapin — divin — vint 
 ian, iam 
 like "yawn", dropping the n sound. 
 Ex.: viande — pliant. 
 
 ion (i-on) 
 like the preceding sound, only rounding the 
 
 mouth and lips for the o sound. 
 Ex.: lion — espion. 
 
 ien 
 like "yankee" dropping the "nkee" sound. 
 Ex.: bien — viens — chien — ancien — mien. 
 
 oin ("o-in" in rapid succession) 
 Ex.: moins — point — loin. 
 un 
 can be learned only by mouth of teacher. It is 
 the whistling position of the lips used for "u" 
 with the nasal sound of a "grunt". 
 Ex.: un — lundi. 
 When the V or "m" of a nasal syllable is fol- 
 lowed by another "n", "m" or by a vowel, the 
 nasal quality disappears, for the "n", then becomes 
 the initial consonant of the following syllable, and 
 the preceding vowel resumes its natural sound. 
 Ex. divin — divine lundi — lune 
 
 cousin cousine un — une 
 
 main — maine 
 igne 
 "gn" sounded like "kn" in the word "knew" 
 Ex.: ligne — vigne — signe — enseigne — 
 ignorer. 
 
14 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 CONSONANTS 
 The Consonants are articulated in French the 
 same way as in English: ba — bo — da — do. 
 
 A few remarks should be made about the "c" 
 which has two pronunciations, as follows: 
 "c" is pronounced like "k" before a — o — u. 
 
 Ex.: car — comme — cure, 
 (qu has also the sound of k). 
 "c" is pronounced like "s" before e and i. 
 
 Ex.: ce — cette — ci — ceci. 
 Before a — o — u, "c" can be made to have 
 the pronunciation of "s" by putting under it a lit- 
 tle sign called cedilla (cedille) : 5. 
 Ex.: francais — lecon — recu. 
 G also has two sounds. 
 
 1. Before a — — u it is sounded like g in "girl". 
 Ex.: gare (station — depot). 
 
 gomme (gum) guerre (war) 
 
 2. Before e and i it is sounded like "s" in 
 "pleasure", j also has the sound of "s" in pleasure. 
 
 Ex.: gilet (vest) — genou (knee). 
 The "h" has two sounds: one "mute" (muet) 
 which really eliminates it. Thus, words beginning 
 with "h mute" are treated as those beginning 
 with a vowel. The article is elided before them, 
 and the "liaison" or "slurring" is felt. 
 Ex.: I'homme — les w hommes. 
 2. The aspirated h, which does not allow the 
 "liaison". 
 
 Ex.: le heros — les heros. 
 "s" has two sounds: 1. that of the s in the Eng- 
 lish word "side"; 
 2. that of a "z". 
 
 It is pronounced "z" between two vowels. 
 Ex.: asile — rose — chose 
 Except when it follows a prefix, when it takes the 
 hard sound of "s" in "side". 
 
 Ex.: parasol — presupposer — entresol — 
 vraisemblable. 
 It has. the hard (side) sound: 1. when at the 
 beginning of a word. 
 Ex.:. soleil * — secours — silence. 
 
 2. at the end. of some words, as in: 
 jadis — os — ours — f ils ^ — • lis. 
 In "fleur de lis" (the emblem of French royalty) 
 the "s" is silent: fleur de li (s). 
 
 In the- word "sens", s is pronounced hard: 
 (side) , except when accompanied with an adject- 
 ive, in which case it is not sounded. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 15 
 
 Ex.: bon sens — sens commun. 
 
 But there is a tendency now to sound the "s". 
 
 x 
 The letter x has two sounds: 
 1. that of "eks"; 2. that of "egs". 
 It is pronounced "egs" in the following words: 
 examen exemple hexametre 
 
 exhiber exhaler execrer 
 
 exaucer 
 Also when it is preceded by "in". 
 
 Ex.: inexerce — inexplorable. 
 
 It is pronounced :"ks" in the following words: 
 axe luxe exception 
 
 sexe phenix excessif 
 
 texte Styx exciter 
 
 Alexandre reflexion lynx larynx 
 
 flexible exces maxime 
 
 It is pronounced "ss": 
 
 1. in dix and six; (excepting when they precede 
 a vowel: dix ans (diz ans). 
 
 2. in: Auxerre — Bruxelles — soixante. 
 
 (Ausserre) (Brusselles) soissante) 
 Between two vowels it often has a "z" sound: 
 deuxieme — dixieme. 
 
 At the end of some words, it is often silent: 
 Ex.: heureux — prix — crucifix. 
 
 "tion" as an ending has the sound of "sion" 
 (the "s" hard). Ex.: nation (pronounce nassion). 
 "th" is sounded as plain "t": theatre — the. 
 "d", when linked on to a vowel beginning the 
 following word, takes the sound of "t". 
 grand homme (t homme) 
 quand il vient (t il vient) 
 when he comes. . 
 
 The above indications if well followed should 
 enable the pupil to pronounce correctly any 
 French word. 
 
 A FEW REMARKS 
 
 The "en t", as ending of verbs, is never pronounced. 
 
 Ex.: Ms aiment. 
 
 Notice that in lourd, court, premier, the iinal 
 
 consonants are not pronounced. Final consonants 
 
 rarely- are. . . . . ... -—'.... ..;; :: _ : 
 
 But if— as it i& the caae in the. .f eminine.-T-an 
 e is added, these consonants are. sounded; ; 
 
 Ex.: lourde — courte tt-u premiere. _. _ ;.". 
 The r in "er" endings is silent, except in; ; - 
 mer (sea) i^-fer (iron — - araer (bittei-) 
 hiver (winter),. where is is.prcgiounced-*- 
 
16 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 The trema (") (diaerisis) separates two vowels: 
 Ex.: hair, ha-ir. — Esau, Esa-u. 
 
 SOME ADVICE FOR READING 
 
 It must be remembered that in French syl- 
 lables usually begin with a consonant or a nasal, 
 in the course of a word, and end with a vowel or 
 nasal. 
 
 Ex.: mon — ta — gne con — den — ser 
 
 a — ni — mal che — vreau 
 
 Except where there are double con- 
 sonants: bal-lon. 
 The "liaison" or linking of words must be ob- 
 served. This consists in slurring the final con- 
 sonant of a word, in joining it to the vowel begin- 
 ning the following word. 
 Ex.: Les w enfants 
 lls w ont — ete 
 Nous^avons — eu 
 It is important to accustom oneself to the 
 "liaisons" if one would be enabled to understand 
 French as it is spoken by the French. 
 
 Remember — in reading the exquisite French 
 language that its beauty lies in its simple, fluent, 
 uniform evenness of diction. 
 
 There is no "sing-song", hardly any stress, but 
 that of expression given to the "mot de valeur" 
 (word of importance). 
 
 The "accent tonique" or stress, slight as it is, 
 rests on the last syllable, or, if this is a silent 
 one, the accent will be placed on the syllable pre- 
 ceding it: 
 
 maison — chapeau — respectable — delivrance 
 Read Jhis sentence thus: 
 
 Je ne vous connais pas 
 12 3 4 5 6 
 as evenly as you would say the numbers beneath 
 the words. 
 
 Be careful not to accent as one does in English, 
 rushing the vowels and bringing out the con- 
 sonants. French is a language of vowels. Besides, 
 the syllables are pronounced evenly— without any 
 stress upon any — only, perhaps, a slight one on 
 the last In English the word "opera" is sounded 
 so as to bring out the letters o p r. 
 In French it is thus: 
 o-pS-ra. 
 
 The consonants are only means of articulation 
 — to bring out the vowels o 6 a. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 17 
 
 PREMIERE LEQON 
 First Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 "SALUTATIONS" — "GREETINGS" 
 
 Bonjour, Monsieur — Messieurs 
 Madame — Mesdames. 
 
 Good Day Sir — Gentlemen — Madam — Ladies. 
 
 Bonsoir, Mademoiselle — Mesdempiselles. 
 
 Good Evening, Miss — Misses. 
 
 Comment allez-vous? 
 
 How go you? (How do you do?) 
 
 Comment vous portez-vous? 
 
 How do you carry yourself? (How are you?) 
 
 Je vais bien, tres bien. 
 
 i go well, very well. (I am well) 
 
 Je me porte bien. — Merci. 
 
 i myself cany well. Thanks. (I am well) 
 
 Vous voulez apprendre le frangais, n'est-ce 
 pas? 
 
 You wish (want) to learn (the) French, is it not? 
 
 Vous voulez prendre une legon de frangais: 
 
 You want to take a lesson in French: 
 
 Oui, je veux apprendre la langue frangaise. 
 
 Yes. I want to learn the French language. 
 
 Vous ne parlez pas frangais? 
 
 You do not speak French? 
 
 Non, Mademoiselle, je ne parle pas frangais. 
 
 No, Miss, I do not speak French. 
 
 Adieu — Au revoir. 
 
 Farewell. — Good bye. 
 
 Vous savez maintenant quelques mots de 
 frangais. 
 
 You know now a few words of French. 
 
 Si vous voulez ecrire une lettre, vous deman- 
 dez, vous prenez une plume, de Tencre, 
 du papier, une feuille de papier, des en- 
 veloppes, un timbre-poste. 
 
 If you -wish to write a letter, you nsk for — you take 
 — a pen, some ink, paper, a sheet of paper +- 
 envelopes — a postage stamp. 
 
18 "OUR METHOD 1 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 Bonjour Good day 
 
 bon • • .good 
 
 le jour the day 
 
 bonsoir . • • good evening 
 
 le soir the evening 
 
 la legon the lesson 
 
 une legon a lesson 
 
 premier • • first 
 
 premiere (fern.) first 
 
 comment how 
 
 allez-vous? -go you (do you do) 
 
 prendre to take 
 
 I'homme the man 
 
 la femme • • the woman 
 
 les parents the parents. 
 
 les grands-parents the grand parents 
 
 le fils — la f i lie the son — girl, daughter 
 
 le garcon the boy 
 
 I'enfant the child 
 
 le bebe the baby 
 
 de of, from 
 
 et • • and 
 
 n'est-ce pas? is it not? do you not? 
 
 parler to speak 
 
 je parle • I speak 
 
 je ne parle pas . . • • I do not speak 
 
 le monsieur the gentleman 
 
 la dame • the lady 
 
 le jeune homme • • .the young man 
 
 la jeune fille the young lady 
 
 le ciel • .the sky, heaven 
 
 la terre the earth, ground 
 
 le monde the world, the people 
 
 le mot the word 
 
 la parole . . . • • the word (moral sense 
 
 also) 
 
 la chose the thing 
 
 le livre the book 
 
 lire to read 
 
 ecrire -to write 
 
 le papier • • the paper 
 
 Pencre — encrier the ink — inkstand 
 
 le crayon the pencil 
 
 faire une chose to do a thing 
 
 dire quelque chose ..to say something 
 
 SMI vous plait (S. V. P.) . . If you please 
 
 NOTE-See additional classified vocabulary, page 137. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 19 
 
 GRAMMAIRE 
 The article — The negative form 
 The is rendered in French by: 
 Le — for the masculine: le pere; 
 La — • for the feminine: la mere; 
 Les — for the plural of both genders: les parents; 
 F is used instead of "le" — "la" in front of a 
 vowel: I'ami (the friend) or a silent h: 
 Fhomme. 
 A or an is rendered by un for the masculine, 
 
 une for the feminine: un pere; une mere. 
 The negative "not" is translated in French by two 
 words: ne-pas. Ne is placed before the verb, 
 pas after. 
 Ex.: Je ne parle pas (I do not speak). 
 Je ne prends pas (I do not take) 
 To form the interrogative, we have seen that the 
 
 pronoun subject is placed, after the verb. 
 Ex.: Allez-vous? (do you go? (are you?) 
 Parlez-vous? (do you speak?) 
 N'est-ce pas? (Is it not?) 
 There is still another form "Est-ce que", which 
 will be given further (see lesson 3). 
 
 Compter jusqu'a dix (counting until ten): 
 
 un (1), deux (2), trois (3), quatre (4), cinq 
 (5), six (6), sept (7), huit (8), neuf (9), 
 dix (10). 
 
 Avoir — to have 
 Present: 
 
 J'ai I have 
 
 Tu as '. . • • Thou hast 
 
 II a, elle a He, she has 
 
 Nous avons We have 
 
 Vous avez • • You have 
 
 Ms ont, elles ont . . .They have 
 
 On a one has 
 
 Etre — to be 
 Present: 
 
 Je suis I am 
 
 Tu es • • — .Thou art 
 
 II est .j .He, she is 
 
 Nous sommes We are 
 
 Vous etes ._ You are 
 
 lis sont ..'....•• they are 
 
 On est . . . .--. . . . , . . . . .one is, they are - - 
 
20 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Students of French invariably will ask the 
 question: How can we tell whether a noun is 
 masculine or feminine? Unfortunately, there is 
 no definite way, and practice and reading must 
 be our only guides. 
 
 However, the following rules may afford a little 
 help: 
 
 Words ending in "tion", "ion" are of the femi- 
 nine gender. And as most of those words are 
 similar to the English, it will give already quite 
 a little vocabulary. 
 
 Ex.: institution — institution 
 instruction — instruction 
 la construction — construction 
 la pension — pension 
 
 Are also of the feminine gender: words in "te", 
 which can often be translated by the English cor- 
 responding word in "ty". 
 
 Ex.: la beaute — beauty 
 la charite — charity 
 la pitie — pity 
 
 also words ending in "ence": 
 
 Ex.: la clemence — clemency 
 
 la violence — violence 
 and in "ie": 
 
 philosophie — philosophy 
 
 geographie — geography, etc. 
 
 Are of the masculine gender: nouns ending in 
 "ment". 
 
 Ex.: compliment — compliment 
 Ie devouement — devotion 
 
 also nouns formed from the verb, like: 
 
 Ex: Ie manger — the eating 
 Ie bo ire — the drinking 
 Ie diner — the dinner 
 
 Most of the nouns ending in "e" are feminine — 
 but this is far from being an absolute rule, as 
 will be seen in the words: 
 
 Ie pere — Ie frere — Ie globe 
 which are masculine, although ending in "e". 
 
"OUR METHOD" 21 
 
 For vocabulary purposes, it is well to know that: 
 many words ending in "age" are the same in 
 both languages: 
 
 image — plumage — courage — carnage — • 
 sage. 
 
 2. In able — ible — acle — ice: 
 
 Ex.: table — obstacle — visible — justice — 
 avarice. 
 
 3. Words ending in "ary" in English often take 
 in French the ending "aire". 
 
 Ex.: dictionary — dictionnaire 
 calvary — ■ calvaire 
 secretary — secretaire, etc. 
 
 4. Words ending in "or" change that ending into 
 "eur". 
 
 Ex.: doctor — docteur 
 
 dictator — dictateur 
 odor — odeur 
 author — auteur, etc. 
 
 5. W^ords ending in "ic" change into "ique". 
 
 Republic — republique 
 music — musique, etc. 
 
 6. Words ending in "ism" change into "isme". 
 
 heroism — heroTsme, etc. 
 
 7. Adverbs ending in "ly" end in " French in 
 "ment". 
 
 simply — simplement 
 admirably — admirablement 
 
22 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 DEUXIEME LEQON 
 Second Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 
 "LE CORPS ET LES SENS" 
 
 "The body and the senses" 
 
 Nous avons une tete, deux yeux, un nez, une 
 bouche et deux oreilles. 
 
 We have a head, two eyes, a nose, a mouth and two 
 ears. 
 
 Nous avons deux bras, deux mains, deux 
 jambes et deux pieds. 
 
 We have two arms, two hands, two legs and two feet. 
 
 Combien de mains avez-vous? J'ai deux 
 mains, la main droite et la main gauche. 
 
 How many hands have you? I have two hands, the 
 right hand and the left hand. 
 
 Combien de pieds avez-vous? J'ai deux 
 pieds, le pied droit et le pied gauche. 
 
 How many feet have you? I have two feet, the right 
 foot and the left foot. 
 
 Chaque main a cinq doigts. Nous avons 
 dix doigts. 
 
 Each hand has five fingers. We have ten fingers. 
 
 Combien d'yeux avez-vous? J'ai deux 
 yeux, l'ceil droit et l'ceil gauche. 
 
 How many eyes have you? I have two eyes, the right 
 eye and the left eye. 
 
 Pourquoi avons-nous des mains? Nous 
 avons des mains pour toucher et pour 
 prendre. 
 
 Why have we hands? We have hands to touch (with) 
 and to take (with}. 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous faites avec les mains? 
 
 What is it you do with the hands? 
 
 Que faites-vous avec les mains? 
 
 What do you (do) with the hands? 
 
 Je touche, je prends. — Je tiens les objets. 
 
 I touch, I take. — I hold the objects. 
 
 Je couds, j'ecris, je joue, nous jouons. 
 
 I sew, I write, I play, we play. 
 
 Nous prenons — vous prenez. 
 
 We take — you take. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 23 
 
 Pourquoi avons-nous des pieds et des 
 jambes? 
 
 Why have we feet and legs? 
 
 Nous avons des pieds et des jambes pour 
 marcher, pour courir. 
 
 We have feet and leg's to walk (with), to run (with). 
 
 Que faites-vous avec vos pieds? 
 
 What do you (do) with your feet? 
 
 Avec mes pieds, je marche, je cours. 
 
 With my feet, I walk, I run. 
 
 Pourquoi avons-nous des yeux? 
 
 Why have we eyes? 
 
 Nous avons des yeux pour regarder, pour 
 voir. 
 
 We have eyes to look, to see (with). 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous faites avec les yeux? 
 
 What is it you do with the eyes? 
 
 Avec les yeux, je regarde, je vois. 
 
 With the eyes, I look, I see. 
 
 Je ferme et j'ouvre les yeux. 
 
 I close and I open the eyes. 
 
 Nous avons des oreilles pour entendre. 
 
 We have ears to hear. 
 
 Que faisons-nous avec les oreilles? 
 
 "What do we do with the ears? 
 
 Avec les oreilles, nous ecoutons, nous en- 
 tendons. 
 
 With the ears, we listen, we hear. 
 
 Pourquoi avons-nous un nez? 
 
 Why have we a nose? 
 
 Nous avons un nez pour respirer et pour 
 sentir. 
 
 We have a nose to breathe (with) and to smell (with). 
 
 Que faites-vous avec le nez? Avec le nez, 
 je respire, je sens, nous sentons. 
 
 What do you (do) with the nose? With the nose, 
 I breathe, I smell, we smell. 
 
 Pourquoi avons-nous une bouche? Nous 
 
 avons une bouche pour manger. Nous 
 
 avons une langue et des levres pour 
 parler. 
 
 Why have we a mouth? We have a mouth to eat 
 (with). We have a tongue and lips to speak 
 with. 4 
 
24 "OUR METHOD 
 
 VOCABULA1RE 
 
 La tete the head 
 
 'oeil (m.), les yeux the eye, the eyes 
 
 e nez the nose 
 
 a bouche the mouth 
 
 es oreilles (f.) the ears 
 
 e front the forehead 
 
 e menton the chin 
 
 a figure the face 
 
 a langue the tongue 
 
 es levres (f.) the lips 
 
 es dents (f.) the teeth 
 
 es cils (m.) the eyelashes 
 
 es sourcils (m.) the eyebrows 
 
 es narlnes (f.) the nostrils 
 
 es paupieres (f.) the eyelids 
 
 e cou the neck 
 
 a gorge the throat 
 
 a poitrine, le sein the chest, breast 
 
 'estomac (m.) the stomach 
 
 e coeur the heart 
 
 es poumons the lungs 
 
 e dos the back 
 
 'epaule (f.) the shoulder 
 
 e bras the arm 
 
 e poignet ....the wrist 
 
 a main the hand 
 
 e doigt the finger, toe 
 
 e poing the fist 
 
 es ongles .the nails 
 
 e pouce the thumb 
 
 'index the index 
 
 e petit doigt the small finger 
 
 e genou the knee 
 
 i genoux on one's knees — 
 
 kneeling 
 
 a cheviNe the ankle 
 
 a cuisse the thigh 
 
 a jam be the leg 
 
 e pied the foot 
 
 courir, je cours to run, I run 
 
 pourquoi why 
 
 est-ce que is it that 
 
 qu'est-ce que what is it that 
 
 que what (also: "that") 
 
 faire, je fais to do, to make, I do 
 
 vous faites you do, yousmake 
 
"OUR METHOD" 25 
 
 regarder to look 
 
 je regarde I look 
 
 voir, je vois to see, I see 
 
 respirer to breathe 
 
 je respire I breathe 
 
 sentir, je sens to feel, to smell, I feel 
 
 manger . to eat 
 
 je mange I eat 
 
 mordre, je mords to bite, I bite 
 
 les sens the senses 
 
 la vue the sight 
 
 I'ouie (f.) the hearing 
 
 I'odorat (m.) the smell 
 
 le toucher the touch 
 
 le gout the taste 
 
 avoir I'ouTe dure to be hard of hearing 
 
 avoir I'ouTe fine to have an acute hear- 
 ing 
 
 avoir la vue longue to be far sighted 
 
 avoir la vue basse to be near sighted 
 
 avoir bon gout have good taste 
 
 aveugle blind 
 
 sourd (e) deaf 
 
 muet (muette) dumb 
 
 sourd-muet deaf and dumb 
 
 la cecite the blindness 
 
 la surdite .the deafness 
 
 le mutisme the dumbness 
 
 le palais the palate 
 
 gouter to taste 
 
 sensible sensitive 
 
 insensible insensible, senseless 
 
 sense sensible 
 
 f ou mad, insane 
 
 esprit spirit, wit 
 
 ame soul 
 
 intelligence intelligence 
 
26 "OUR MET HO D " 
 
 GRAMMAIRE 
 
 Plural of nouns — Partitive article 
 
 The plural of nouns is generally formed by adding 
 an s: 
 
 Le livre — les livres; 
 La table — les tables. 
 
 Words ending in s, x, z, do not change in the 
 
 plural. 
 Ex.: Le bras — les bras; 
 
 le nez — les nez. 
 Words ending in "eau" and "eu" take an x: 
 
 Le chapeau — les chapeaux. 
 
 Le feu — • les feux. 
 Many words ending in "al" and "ail" change "al" 
 
 in "aux". 
 
 le cheval — les chevaux 
 
 l'animal — les animaux. 
 
 le general — les generaux. 
 
 le travail — > les travaux 
 Except: le bal — les bals 
 
 le carnaval — les carnavals. 
 
 festival, chacal, regal. 
 Words in "ou" take s: les clous (nails). — Except: 
 
 bijou (jewel), chou (cabbage), caillou 
 
 (pebble), genou (knee) joujou (toy), hibou 
 
 (owl), pou (louse), which take an x: les bi- 
 joux, les poux. 
 
 Plural of compound nouns. 
 
 When a compound word is formed of two substan- 
 tives, or of a substantive and an adjective, 
 both take the plural form. 
 Ex.: les choux-fleurs — (cauliflowers, choufleurs) 
 
 les belles-meres — (mothers in law) 
 Exceptions — 
 
 When the two substantives are united by a 
 preposition, only the first takes the plural 
 form. 
 Ex.: les chefs-d'oeuvre — (masterpieces) 
 
 les arcs-en-ciel — (rainbows) 
 When the compound word is formed of a verb and 
 a substantive, the substantive only takes the 
 plural form. 
 Ex.: les tire-bouchons — (cork screws) 
 les couvre-pieds — (coverlets) 
 les cure-dents — (tooth picks) 
 
"OUR METHOD" 27' 
 
 Partitive article: some — any 
 Article partitif: du — de la — des 
 
 When a noun expresses a totality, a generality, 
 we use the definite article: 
 
 Ex.: j'aime le pain — I like bread (in general). 
 
 But, if you wish to say: I want bread, you would 
 mean: some, a portion, a part only, and that 
 is expressed by some, any in English, and in 
 French as follows: 
 
 For the masculine: "du", which is a contraction 
 of "de le". Ex.: Je veux du pain. 
 
 For the feminine: "de la". Ex.: Je veux de la 
 viande. 
 
 Before vowels: " de I'". Ex.: Je veux de I'eau. 
 
 For the plural of both genders: "des", a contrac- 
 tion of "de les". Ex.: des livres. 
 
 The partitive article must always be expressed 
 in French — even when unexpressed in Eng- 
 lish: I want bread — Je veux du pain. 
 
 When the noun in the partitive is not expressed, 
 we use in French "en", meaning "some of it". 
 
 Ex.: Voulez-vous du pain? Merci, j'en ai (I have 
 some of it.) 
 Combien de livres avez-vous? J'en ai trois — 
 
 I have three (of them). 
 
 Exceptions: "de" is used alone (for either mas- 
 culine, feminine or plural) in the three follow- 
 ing cases: 
 
 1st — After a negative. 
 
 Ex.: J'ai des fleurs — I have flowers 
 
 Je n'ai pas de fleurs *— I have no flowers 
 
 II y a des livres — There are books 
 
 II n'y a pas de livres — There are no books 
 Vous avez de la viande — You have meat 
 Vous n'avez pas de viande — You have no 
 
 meat 
 Je veux de I'eau — I want water 
 Je ne veux pas d'eau — I want no water 
 
 2nd — After adverbs of quantity: 
 beaucoup — much 
 peu — few, little 
 assez — enough 
 
 combien — how much, how many 
 trop — too much, too many 
 autant — as much, as many 
 plus — more. 
 
28 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Ex.: J'ai beaucoup d'amis — I have many friends 
 II a assez de viande — He has enough meal 
 J'ai trop de pain — I have too much bread 
 Combien d'argent avez-vous? — How much 
 
 money have you*: 
 
 3rd — Before an adjective. 
 
 Ex.: J'ai des fleurs — I have flowers 
 
 J'ai de belles fleurs — I have beautiful flowers 
 
 II a des livres — He has books 
 
 II a de bons livres — He has good books 
 
 The possessive form u 'S " in English is translated 
 by "du", "de la", "des", "de". 
 
 Ex.: My brother's gun — 
 Le fusil de mon frere. 
 The captain's orders — 
 Les ordres du capitaine. 
 
 De is used in examples as such: 
 
 Une robe de soie — 
 
 A dress of silk (silk dress). 
 
 Une feuille de papier — 
 
 A sheet of paper. 
 
 Une plume d'or — 
 
 A pen of gold. 
 
 Un panier de fleurs — 
 
 A basket of flowers. 
 
 Un pot de lait — 
 
 A pot of milk. 
 
 But in the following, "a" is used: 
 
 Ex.: Un pot a lait — 
 A milk pot. 
 Du papier a lettre — 
 Letter paper. 
 
 So we see that "de" is used before words denot 
 ing substance or contents and "a" before 
 words denoting purpose — use. 
 
 "To the" — "at the" — are translated by: 
 au — for the masculine, 
 a la — for the feminine, 
 a I' — before vowels, 
 aux — for the plural. 
 au livre — to the book 
 aux livres — to the books. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 29 
 
 TROISIEME LEQON 
 Third Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 
 LA NOURRITURE, ARBRES, FLEURS 
 
 Food, trees, flowers 
 
 Avez-vous faim? 
 
 Have you hunger? (Are you hungry?) 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous avez? 
 
 What is it you have? — What is the matter with you? 
 
 Qu 'avez-vous? — J'ai faim. 
 
 What have you? — I have hunger (I am hungry). 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous voulez? 
 
 What is it you want (wish)? 
 
 Que voulez-vous? 
 
 What want or wish you? 
 
 Je veux manger. 
 
 I want to eat. 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous voulez manger? 
 
 What is it you want to eat? 
 
 Que voulez-vous manger? 
 
 What do you want to eat? 
 
 Je veux manger du pain, du beurre et du 
 fromage. 
 
 I want to eat (some) bread, butter (some butter) and 
 cheese. 
 
 Voulez-vous aussi un morceau de viande? 
 
 Do you also want a piece of meat? 
 
 Oui. Donnez-moi de la viande, des legumes 
 et des fruits. 
 
 Yes. Give me some meat, some vegetables and fruit. 
 
 Avez-vous soif? 
 
 Have you thirst? (Are you thirsty?) 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous avez? 
 
 What is it you have? 
 
 Qu'avez-vous? — J'ai soif. 
 
 What have you? — I have thirst (I am thirsty). 
 
 Voulez-vous boire? 
 
 Do you want to drink? 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous voulez boire? 
 
 What is it you want to drink? 
 
 Que voulez-vous boire? 
 
 What do you want to drink? 
 
30 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Je veux boire de l'eau. 
 
 I want to drink water. 
 
 Voulez-vous du vin, de la biere, du cafe, du 
 lait ou du the? 
 
 Do you want wine, (some) beer, coffee, milk or tea? 
 
 Donnez-moi un verre de vin. 
 
 Give me a glass of wine. 
 
 S'il vous plait. — Merci. 
 
 If you please. — Thank you. 
 
 Au restaurant — At the restaurant 
 Gargon — apportez-moi la carte. 
 
 Waiter — bring- me the bill of fare. 
 
 Apportez-nous de la soupe (etc.). 
 
 Bring us some soup (etc.). 
 
 Goutez cette soupe; elle est bonne. 
 
 Taste this soupe; it is good. 
 
 Qu'en pensez-vous? — Est-ce bon? 
 
 What do you think of it? — Is it good? 
 
 Je la trouve delicieuse. 
 
 I find it delicious. 
 
 Pour moi, elle manque de sel, de poivre ; elle 
 n'est pas assez salee, pas assez relevee. 
 
 For me (my taste) it lacks salt, pepper; it is not salted 
 enough — not spicy enough. 
 
 Quel plat sucre avez-vous pour dessert? 
 
 What sweets (or dessert) have you? 
 
 Quels vins voulez-vous? 
 
 What wines do you wish? 
 
 Du vin blanc — du vin rouge. 
 
 White wine — Red wine. 
 
 Apportez-moi l'addition. — C'est bien. 
 
 Bring me the bill. — That's good, allright. 
 
 Un pourboire (pourboire). 
 
 A tip. 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 La faim , . .the hunger, 
 
 j'ai faim .1 am hungry 
 
 la soif the thirst 
 
 manger -to eat 
 
 boire to drink 
 
 avoir soif .... to be thirsty 
 
 le pain the bread 
 
 les legumes (m.) ... . . the vegetables 
 
 la viande ...the meat 
 
"OUR METHOD" 31 
 
 de I'eau (some) water 
 
 le vin the wine 
 
 la biere the beer 
 
 le the the tea 
 
 le cafe the coffee 
 
 le cafe au lait coffee and milk 
 
 le lait the milk 
 
 le chocolat the chocolate 
 
 une tasse de the a cup of tea 
 
 cuire to cook . 
 
 frire to fry 
 
 les ceufs the eggs 
 
 un ceuf an egg 
 
 des ceufs a la coque boiled eggs 
 
 des ceufs sur le plat fried eggs 
 
 des ceufs et du jambon . . .ham and eggs 
 
 des ceufs brouilles scrambled eggs 
 
 le sucre the sugar 
 
 le beurre the butter 
 
 le fromage the cheese 
 
 la creme the cream 
 
 mettre la table to set the table 
 
 la nappe the tablecloth 
 
 la serviette the napkin 
 
 le plat the dish, platter 
 
 I'assiette (f.) the plate 
 
 la fourchette the fork 
 
 la cuiller the spoon 
 
 le couteau the knife 
 
 le verre the glass 
 
 la tasse — la soucoupe. . . .the cup — the saucer 
 
 du sel some salt 
 
 du poivre some pepper 
 
 de I'huile some oil 
 
 le vinaigre the vinegar 
 
 la salade the salad 
 
 des pommes de terre 
 
 f rites fried potatoes 
 
 pommes de terre au four, baked potatoes 
 
 le boucher the butcher 
 
 le charcutier the pork butcher 
 
 I'epicier (m.) the grocer 
 
 le fruitier the fruit dealer 
 
 le boulanger the baker 
 
 le bceuf the beef 
 
 le veau the veal 
 
 decouper. to carve 
 
 servir to serve 
 
 verser v ...... ? to pour out 
 
32 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 r6tir. to roast 
 
 un roti a roast 
 
 le mouton the mutton 
 
 I'agneau the lamb 
 
 le bifteck the steak 
 
 les cotelettes (f.) the chops 
 
 le pore the pork 
 
 la saucisse the sausage 
 
 le saucisson the sausage 
 
 le jambon the ham 
 
 les epices (f.) the spices 
 
 le gingembre the ginger 
 
 le rlz the rice 
 
 le gateau the cake 
 
 la pate the dough — paste 
 
 les bonbons the candies 
 
 la glace the ice, ice-cream 
 
 prendre une glace to take an ice-cream 
 
 la volaille the poultry 
 
 le gibier the game 
 
 le poulet the chicken 
 
 la poule the hen 
 
 le coq the rooster 
 
 la dinde — le dindon the turkey 
 
 le pigeon -the pigeon, the squab 
 
 le canard the duck 
 
 le caneton the duckling 
 
 le canard sauvage the wild duck 
 
 le faisan the pheasant 
 
 le lapin the rabbit 
 
 le lievre the hare 
 
 le poisson • . . .the fish 
 
 la truite the trout 
 
 le saumon the salmon 
 
 la sole the sole 
 
 les huftres (f.) the cysters 
 
 les moules (f.) the mussels 
 
 le homard the lobster 
 
 les crevettes (f.) the shrimps 
 
 les ecrevisses (f.) the crawfish 
 
 le crabe • • the crab 
 
 le fruit the fruit 
 
 la pomme • the apple 
 
 le pommier the apple tree 
 
 la poire the pear 
 
 le poirier ... the pear tree 
 
 Porange (f .) ... the orange 
 
 Toranger (m.) the orange tree^ 
 
 la peche the peach 
 
"OUR METHOD" 33 
 
 e pecher the peach tree 
 
 'abricot (m.) the apricot 
 
 'abricotier the apricot tree 
 
 e citron the lemon 
 
 a cerise -the cherry 
 
 e cerisier the cherry tree 
 
 a f raise the strawberry 
 
 e fraisier the strawberry plant 
 
 a framboise the raspberry 
 
 a groseille the currant 
 
 a figue the fig 
 
 a prune the plum 
 
 e prunier the plum tree 
 
 a mure the mulberry 
 
 a banane the banana 
 
 a datte the date 
 
 'ananas (m.) the pineapple 
 
 es noix (f.) the nuts 
 
 es amandes (f.) the almonds 
 
 es noisettes (f.) the hazelnuts 
 
 es marrons (m.) the chestnuts 
 
 es legumes the vegetables 
 
 es petits pois the peas 
 
 es haricots the beans 
 
 e chou the cabbage 
 
 e chou-fleur the cauliflower 
 
 e navet the turnip 
 
 a carotte the carrot 
 
 a laitue the lettuce 
 
 e cresson the watercress 
 
 a pomme de terre the potato 
 
 J" arbre a tree 
 
 e chene the oak tree 
 
 e peuplier the poplar 
 
 'olivier .the olive tree 
 
 e marronnier the chestnut tree 
 
 e tilleul the linden tree 
 
 e palmier the palm tree 
 
 e rosier the rose bush 
 
 a rose the rose 
 
 'ceillet (m.) the carnation 
 
 a violette the violet 
 
 a pensee the pansy 
 
 'heliotrope (m.) the heliotrope 
 
 e myosotis ou 
 ne m'oubliez pas forget me not 
 
 le lilas the lilac 
 
 fane faded 
 
 f IStri withered 
 
34 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 frais (fratche (f.) fresh 
 
 le muguet lily of the valley 
 
 le dahlia the dahlia 
 
 le chrysantheme the chrysanthemum 
 
 le lys (lis) the lily 
 
 cueillir des fleurs to pick flowers 
 
 le bouton the bud 
 
 en bouton in bud 
 
 arroser les fleurs to water the flowers 
 
 I'arrosoir watering pot 
 
 planter — semer to plant — to sow 
 
 GRAMMAIRE 
 
 Interrogative forms: 
 Donnez-vous? — Do you give? 
 Est-ce que vous donnez? — Do you give? 
 Voulez-vous? — Do you wish? 
 Est-ce que vous voulez? — Do you wish? 
 From the above examples, it is seen that there 
 are in French two interrogative forms: one 
 which consists in placing the subject after 
 the verb: "Donnez-vous?". The other, which 
 consists in using the expression "Est-ce que", 
 while leaving the subject before the verb: 
 "Est-ce que vous donnez?". 
 "What" can thus be also translated in the two 
 
 forms: Que and Qu'est-ce que. 
 Ex.: Que voulez-vous? — What do you want? 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous voulez? — What do you 
 
 want? 
 Qu'est-ce que c'est? — What is it? 
 
 Present tense of some verbs used in this lesson: 
 Donner — to give 
 
 je donne I give 
 
 tu donnes thou givest 
 
 il donne he gives 
 
 elle donne she gives 
 
 nous donnons we give 
 
 vous donnez you give 
 
 ils donnent they give 
 
 Interrogatively : 
 
 donne-Je? Do I give? 
 
 donnes-tu? does thou give? 
 
 donne-t-il? .does he give? 
 
 donne-t-elle? .does she give? 
 
 donnons-nous? .. . do we give? 
 
 donnez-vous? do you give? 
 
 donnent-ils? .do they give? 
 
"OUR METHOD" 35 
 
 Negatively : 
 Je ne donne pas I do not give 
 
 Neg. interr. 
 
 ne donnez-vous pas? Do you not give? 
 
 est-ce que vous ne don- 
 
 nez pas Do you not give? 
 
 Notice the accent on the "£" of the first per- 
 son — for euphony — and the "T" added to the 
 third person — also for euphony. 
 
 In the First person the form "Est-ce que" is 
 preferable: "Est-ce que je donne?" instead of 
 "donne-je?". 
 
 Vouloir — to wish, want 
 
 je veux nous voulons 
 
 tu veux vous voulez 
 
 il veut ils veulent 
 
 Manger — eat 
 
 je mange nous mangeons 
 
 tu manges vous mangez 
 
 ii mange ils mangent 
 
 The "e" in nous mangeons is retained for the 
 sake of the pronunciation of the "g". 
 
 It must be remembered that before "o" g has 
 the sound of g in "girl". 
 
36 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 QUATRIEME LEgON 
 Fourth Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 LA MAISON — The house 
 
 Voici ma maison. — Cette maison est a moi. 
 
 Here is my house. — This house is mine. 
 
 Elle a deux etages; c'est une grande maison. 
 
 It has two floors; it is a large house. 
 
 En bas il y a l'antichambre, le salon, la salle 
 a manger, la cuisine et Toff ice. 
 
 Down-stairs there is the hall, parlor, dining room, 
 kitchen and pantry. 
 
 En haut se trouvent les chambres a coucher 
 et les salles de bains. 
 
 Up stairs are (one finds) the bed rooms and the bath 
 rooms. 
 
 C'est simplement meuble. 
 
 It is plainly furnished. 
 
 Voulez-vous monter? — descendre? 
 
 Do you want to go up-stairs? — down-stairs? 
 
 Les fenetres donnent d'un cote sur la rue, 
 de l'autre sur le jardin. 
 
 The windows look on one side on the street, on the 
 other on the garden. 
 
 Les portes sont vitrees. 
 
 The doors are of glass. 
 
 Les boiseries sont tres belles. 
 
 The woodwork is beautiful. 
 
 Dans le salon on regoit — on cause — on 
 fait de la musique — on danse. 
 
 In the parlor, one entertains (converses) — has music 
 dances. 
 
 II y a aussi une bibliotheque, dans laquelle 
 on lit de bons livres — on fait de la lec- 
 ture. 
 
 There is also a library, in which one reads good books 
 
 — one does reading. 
 
 Dans la salle a manger, on prend les repas 
 
 — le dejeuner — le diner. 
 
 In the dining room, one takes one's meals, the lunch 
 (breakfast), the dinner. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 37 
 
 Dans la cuisine, on cuit, on fait la cuisine — 
 on prepare, on assaisonne les mets. 
 
 In the kitchen, one cooks — one prepares, seasons the 
 dishes. 
 
 Dans Toff ice, on met la vaisselle, la verrerie. 
 
 In the pantry, one puts the dishes, the glassware. 
 
 Dans les chambres a coucher, on dort — on 
 va se coucher — on se repose quand on 
 est fatigue. 
 
 In the bed rooms, one sleeps — one goes to bed — 
 one rests when one is tired. 
 
 Dans la salle de bain, on se baigne — on 
 se lave — on se coiffe. 
 
 In the bath room, one bathes — one washes — dresses 
 one's hair. 
 
 II y a aussi une chambre de couture, ou 
 Ton coud. 
 
 There is also a sewing room where one sews. 
 
 J'ai une machine a coudre. 
 
 I have a sewing machine. 
 
 Avez-vous de bons domestiques? — un bon 
 personnel? 
 
 Have you good servants? 
 
 Ma cuisiniere est excellente, mais j'ai du 
 renvoyer ma femme de chambre; elle 
 n'etait pas assez propre — elle etait 
 meme sale. 
 
 My cook is excellent, but I have had to send away 
 my chamber maid; she was not clean enough — 
 she was even dirty. 
 
 II faut bien faire les lits et balayer et epous- 
 
 seter les chambres. 
 
 It is necessary to make the beds well, and to sw T eep 
 and dust the rooms. 
 
 II ne faut pas avoir peur de se servir du ba- 
 lai et de la pelle — du plumeau — et 
 des chiffons. 
 
 One must not be afraid to use the broom and dust 
 pan — the duster and the rags. 
 
 II est bon d 'avoir un seau d'eau tout pret 
 pour laver et nettoyer les fenetres. 
 
 It is good to have a bucket of water all ready to wash 
 and clean windows. 
 
38 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 le toit the roof 
 
 1'escalier (m.) the staircase 
 
 les marches (f.) the steps 
 
 la rampe the banister 
 
 le mur the wall 
 
 le plafond the ceiling 
 
 le plancher -the floor 
 
 la lumiere electrique the electric light 
 
 le gaz the gas 
 
 la cheminee the mantle, the chimney 
 
 le fourneau the range — stove 
 
 le four the oven 
 
 le bois the wood 
 
 le charbon the coal 
 
 la table the table 
 
 la chaise the chair 
 
 le fauteuil the armchair 
 
 le canape the lounge 
 
 le buffet the sideboard 
 
 le lit the bed 
 
 le drap the sheet 
 
 la couverture the blanket 
 
 le matelas the mattress 
 
 Poreiller (m.) the pillow 
 
 I'armoire (f.) the closet — wardrobe 
 
 la commode the bureau 
 
 le tiroir the drawer 
 
 le bureau — le secretaire. the writing desk 
 
 les rideaux (m.) the curtains 
 
 la glace — le miroir the looking glass 
 
 la cour the yard 
 
 allumer to light 
 
 eteindre to put out — extinguish 
 
 emmenager to move in 
 
 demenager to move out 
 
 la chambre de debarras ..the store room 
 
 la salle de bal the ball room 
 
 la salle de jeu the card room (game) 
 
 le fumoir the smoking room 
 
 jouer au billard to play billiards 
 
 jouer aux cartes to play cards 
 
 faire une partie de — play a game of — 
 
 la cave the cellar 
 
 cabinet de toilette dressing room 
 
 le jour de reception the reception day 
 
 day at home 
 
 Chambre a coucher — Bed room 
 avoir un bon lit to have a good bed 
 
"OUR METHOD" 
 
 avez-vous bien dormi? have you slept well? 
 
 passer une bonne nuit ... .to have a good night 
 rever — faire un reve . . .to dream — have a 
 
 dream 
 
 avoir le cauchemar to have a nightmare 
 
 se moucher .to blow(wipe)one's nose 
 
 ronfler snore 
 
 eternuer to sneeze 
 
 coudre a la machine to sew on the machine 
 
 le f il the thread 
 
 I'aiguille the needle 
 
 les epingles the pins 
 
 le de the thimble 
 
 les ciseaux the scissors 
 
 couper ....to cut 
 
 batir to baste 
 
 un patron a pattern 
 
 GRAMMAIRE 
 
 Adjectives 
 
 Demonstrative adjectives: 
 
 Donnez-moi ce (this) livre, cette (this) plume 
 cet (this) encrier, ces (these) crayons. 
 
 Cet (this) homme, cette (this) femme, ces (these 
 enfants sont mes voisins (neighbors). 
 
 Thus., the demonstrative adjectives are: 
 ce — for the masculine 
 cette — ■ for the feminine 
 cet — for the masculine before a vowel or a 
 
 silent "h". 
 ces — ■ for the plural. 
 
 cet homme-ci — cette femme-la. 
 ci — la — correspond to the English "here", 
 "there" (this — that). 
 
 Possessive adjectives: 
 
 Mon (my) pere et ma (my) mere. 
 Mes (my) freres et leurs (their) amis. 
 Cette femme et son fils — 
 This woman and her son. 
 Cet homme et sa fille — 
 This man and his daughter. 
 
40 "OUR METHOD." 
 
 Possessive adjectives: 
 
 masculine : feminine : plural : 
 
 mon — my ma — my mes — ■ my 
 
 ton — thy ta — thy tes — thy 
 
 son — his, her sa — his, her ses — his, her 
 
 notre — our notre — our nos — ■ our 
 
 votre — your votre — your vos — ■ your 
 
 leur — their leur — their leurs — their 
 
 Note that in French, possessives agree with 
 the object possessed — not with the possessor. 
 Ex.: son pere — his, her father 
 sa mere — his, her mother. 
 
 The possessives must be repeated before every 
 
 noun: 
 Ex.: mon pere et ma mere — my father and mother 
 
 Before a feminine word beginning with a vowel, 
 the masculine is used for euphony: 
 Ex.: mon amie Marie 
 
 son orange 
 
 ton image. 
 
 The most important indefinite adjectives: 
 
 aucun(e) — no, none 
 
 mil, nulle — no 
 
 plusieurs — several 
 
 chaque — ■ each, every 
 
 autre — ■ other 
 
 meme — same 
 
 quelques — some, a few 
 
 tout — all, every 
 
 toute — all, every (fern.) 
 
 tous — all, every (m. pi.) 
 
 toutes — all, every (f. pi.) 
 
 certain (e) — certain 
 Ex.: quelques livres — a few books. 
 
 les memes lecons — the same lessons. 
 
 une autre fois — another time. 
 
 tous les jours — every day (all days). 
 
 NOTE: — After "tout", the article is often used 
 as in: 
 
 tous les hommes — all men 
 tout le monde — all the world, everybody. 
 
 When meaning "any", the article is not used: 
 Ex.: tout homme — any man 
 
 toute personne — any woman. 
 
OUR METHOD" 
 
 41 
 
 VERBE AUXILIAIRE AVOIR 
 AUXILIARY VERB "TO HAVE" 
 
 INDICATIF 
 TEMPS SIMPLES TEMPS COMPOSES 
 
 Simple tenses Compound tenses 
 
 Present 
 
 I have, I am having 
 J'ai 
 
 Tu as 
 
 II a, el le a, on a 
 Nous avons 
 Vous avez 
 
 lis (elles) ont 
 
 Imparfait 
 
 I had, I was having, 
 I used to have 
 
 J'avais 
 Tu avais 
 
 II (elle) avait 
 Nous avions 
 Vous aviez 
 
 lis avaient 
 
 Passe Defini 
 (narrative past) 
 
 I had 
 J'eus 
 Tu eus 
 
 II (elle) eut 
 Nous eumes 
 Vous eutes 
 Us eurent 
 
 Passe Indefini 
 
 I have had 
 J'ai eu 
 
 Tu as eu 
 
 II a eu 
 
 Nous avons eu 
 Vous avez eu 
 Ms ont eu 
 
 Plus-que-Parfait 
 
 I had had 
 
 J'avais eu 
 Tu avais eu 
 
 II avait eu 
 Nous avions eu 
 Vous aviez eu 
 Ms avaient eu 
 
 Passe anterieur 
 
 I had had 
 J'eus eu 
 Tu eus eu 
 
 II eut eu 
 Nous eumes eu 
 Vous eutes eu 
 Ms eurent eu 
 
 FUTUR 
 
 Present 
 
 I will or shall have 
 J 'aural 
 
 Tu auras 
 
 II aura 
 Nous aurons 
 Vous aurez 
 Ms auront 
 
 Futur Anterieur 
 
 I will or shall have had 
 J'aurai eu 
 
 Tu auras eu 
 
 II aura eu 
 Nous aurons eu 
 Vous aurez eu 
 Ms auront eu 
 
42 
 
 OUR METHOD" 
 
 
 CONDITIONNEL 
 
 Present 
 I would or should 
 
 have 
 
 Passe 
 I would or should have 
 had 
 
 J'aurais 
 Tu aurais 
 II aurait 
 Nous aurions 
 Vous auriez 
 Ms auraient 
 
 
 
 J'aurais eu 
 Tu aurais eu 
 II aurait eu 
 Nous aurions eu 
 Vous auriez eu 
 Ms auraient eu 
 
 
 
 IMPfiRATIF 
 
 have 
 Aie 
 
 let us have have (you) 
 Ayons Ayez 
 
 SUBJONCTIF 
 
 Present 
 that I may have 
 Que j'aie 
 Que tu aies 
 Qu'il (elle) ait 
 Que nous ayons 
 Que vous ayez 
 Qu'ils (elles) aient 
 
 Imparfait 
 that I might have 
 
 Passe 
 that I may have had 
 Que j'aie eu 
 Que tu aies eu 
 Qu'il ait eu 
 Que nous ayons eu 
 Que vous ayez eu 
 Qu'ils aient eu 
 
 Plus-que-Parfait 
 that I might have had 
 
 Que j'eusse 
 
 Que j'eusse eu 
 
 Que tu eusses 
 
 Que tu eusses eu 
 
 Qu'il eut 
 
 Qu'il eut eu 
 
 Que nous eussions 
 
 Que nous eussions eu 
 
 Que vous eussiez 
 
 Que vous eussiez eu 
 
 Qu'ils eussent 
 
 Qu'ils eussent eu 
 
 
 INFINITIF 
 
 Present 
 
 Passe 
 
 Avoir — to have 
 
 Avoir eu — to have hi 
 
 
 PARTICIPE 
 
 Present 
 
 Passe 
 
 having 
 
 had, having had 
 
 Ayant 
 
 Eu, eue, ayant eu 
 
"OUR METHOD' 
 
 43 
 
 VERBE AUXILIAIRE £TRE 
 AUXILIARY VERB "TO BE" 
 
 INDICATIF 
 
 TEMPS SIMPLES 
 Simple tenses 
 
 Present 
 
 I am 
 Je suis 
 Tu es 
 
 II (elle) est 
 Nous sommes 
 Vous etes 
 
 Ms sont 
 
 Imparfait 
 
 I was, I used to be, 
 I was being 
 
 J'etais 
 Tu etais 
 
 II etait 
 Nous etions 
 Vous etiez 
 Ms etaient 
 
 Passe defini 
 (narrative past) 
 
 I was 
 Je fus 
 Tu fus 
 
 II fut 
 
 Nous fumes 
 Vous futes 
 lis furent 
 
 TEMPS COMPOSES 
 Compound tenses 
 
 Passe Indefini 
 
 I have been 
 J'ai ete 
 
 Tu as ete 
 
 II a ete 
 
 Nous avons ete 
 Vous avez ete 
 Ms ont ete 
 
 Plus-que-Parfait 
 
 I had been 
 
 J'avais ete 
 Tu avais ete 
 
 II avait ete 
 Nous avions ete 
 Vous aviez ete 
 Ms avaient ete 
 
 Passe anterieur 
 
 I had been 
 J'eus ete 
 Tu eus ete 
 
 II eut ete 
 Nous eumes ete 
 Vous eutes ete 
 Ms eurent ete 
 
 Present 
 
 I will or shall be 
 Je serai 
 
 Tu seras 
 
 II sera 
 Nous serons 
 Vous serez 
 Ms seront 
 
 FUTUR 
 
 Futur Anterieur 
 
 I will or shall have been 
 J'aurai ete 
 
 Tu auras ete 
 
 II aura ete 
 Nous aurons ete 
 Vous aurez ete 
 Ms auront ete 
 
44 
 
 "OUR METHOD' 1 
 
 CONDITIONNEL 
 
 Present 
 
 I would or should be 
 
 Je serais 
 Tu serais 
 
 II serait 
 Nous serions 
 Vous seriez 
 lis seraient 
 
 PassS 
 
 I would or should have 
 been 
 
 J'aurais ete 
 Tu aurais ete 
 
 II aurait ete 
 Nous aurions ete 
 Vous auriez ete 
 lis auraient ete 
 
 be (thou) 
 So is 
 
 IMPeRATIF 
 
 let us be 
 Soyons 
 
 be (you) 
 Soyez 
 
 Present 
 that I may be 
 Que je sois 
 Que tu sois 
 Qu'il soit 
 Que nous soyons 
 Que vous soyez 
 Qu'ils (elles) soient 
 
 SUBJONCTIF 
 
 Passe 
 that I may have been 
 Que j'aie ete 
 Que tu aies ete 
 Qu'il ait ete 
 Que nous ayons ete 
 Que vous ayez ete 
 Qu'ils aient ete 
 
 Imparfait 
 that I might be 
 Que je fusse 
 Que tu fusses 
 Qu'il (elle) fut 
 Que nous fussions 
 Que vous fussiez 
 Qu'ils fussent 
 
 Plus-que-Parfait 
 that I might have been 
 Que j'eusse ete 
 Que tu eusses ete 
 Qu'il eut ete 
 Que nous eussions ete 
 Que vous eussiez ete 
 Qu'ils eussent ete 
 
 
 
 INFINITIF 
 
 to be 
 £tre 
 
 Present 
 
 Passe 
 to have been 
 Avoir ete 
 
 PARTICIPE 
 
 being 
 Etant 
 
 Present 
 
 PassS 
 
 been, having been 
 Ayant ete 
 
OUR METHOD" 45 
 
 CINQUIEME LEQON 
 Fifth Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 
 LE NOM — L'AGE — LA FAMILLE 
 Name — Age — Family 
 
 Quel est votre nom? 
 
 What (which) is your name? 
 
 Comment vous appelez-vous? 
 
 How do you call yourself? (What is your name?) 
 
 Je m'appelle Paul. 
 
 I call myself Faul (My name is Paul). 
 
 Comment s'appelle votre sceur. 
 
 How does your sister call herself? 
 
 Elle s'appelle Marie. 
 
 Her name is Marie. 
 
 C'est un joli nom. 
 
 It is a pretty name. 
 
 Quel age avez-vous? 
 
 What age have you? (How old are you?) 
 
 J'ai vingt ans. 
 
 I am twenty years old (I have 20 years). 
 
 Etes-vous plus age que votre soeur? 
 
 Are j'ou older than your sister? 
 
 Non, je suis plus jeune. 
 
 No, I am' younger. 
 
 Elle a vingt-deux ans. 
 
 She is twenty-two years old. 
 
 Elle est plus petite que moi. 
 
 She is smaller than I. 
 
 Avez-vous vos parents? 
 
 Have you your parents? 
 
 Sont-ils Americains? 
 
 Are they Americans? 
 
 Ma mere est Frangaise. Elle est nee a Paris. 
 
 My mother is French. She is (was) born in Paris. 
 
 Mon pere est Anglais. II est ne a Londres, 
 
 My father is English. He is (was) born in London. 
 
46 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Mon frere est ne ici. 
 
 My brother is (was) born here. 
 
 Aimez-vous la France? 
 
 Do you like France? 
 
 Tout le monde aime la France. 
 
 Everybody loves France. 
 
 Avez-vous de la famille? 
 
 Have you any relatives? 
 
 J'ai un oncle, une tante, deux cousins, une 
 cousine. 
 
 I have an uncle, an aunt, two cousins, a cousin 
 (feminine). 
 
 Je n'ai pas de neveu, ni de niece. 
 
 I have no nephew nor niece. 
 
 J'ai beaucoup d'amis. 
 
 I have many friends. 
 
 Etes-vous marie? — Je vais me marier. 
 
 Are you married? — I am going 1 to be married. 
 
 Ma fiancee — ma femme. 
 
 My intended — my wife. 
 
 Mon fiance — mon mari. 
 
 My intended — my husband. 
 
 Le mariage de mon ami Ernest va etre ce- 
 lebre dans deux jours. 
 
 My friend Ernest's wedding will be celebrated in two 
 days. 
 
 La ceremonie religieuse aura lieu a l'eglise 
 de la Madeleine. 
 
 The religious ceremony will take place at the Church 
 of the Madeleine. 
 
 Sa fiancee est blonde et jolie. C'est une 
 jeune fille tres bien elevee. — Son edu- 
 cation est tres soignee. 
 
 His intended is blond and pretty. She is a very well 
 bred young lady. — Her education has been 
 very well directed. 
 
OUR METHOD" 47 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 Quel (m.), quelle (fern.)., what, which 
 
 quel pere what father? 
 
 quelle mere what mother? 
 
 appeler to call 
 
 s'appeler to call oneself 
 
 be called 
 
 le frere the brother 
 
 la soeur the sister 
 
 I'oncle the uncle 
 
 la tante the aunt 
 
 le cousin the cousin 
 
 la couslne the cousin (fern.) 
 
 I'ami the friend 
 
 I'amie the friend (fern.) 
 
 Tan (m.) the year 
 
 Page (m.) the age 
 
 jeune young 
 
 age old 
 
 moi me 
 
 plus que more than 
 
 les parents the parents 
 
 les beaux-parents parents in law 
 
 le gendre son in law 
 
 la bru daughter in law 
 
 ne born 
 
 grand — grande (fern.).. tall 
 
 petit — petite (fem.) ....small, little 
 
 ici here 
 
 la famille family — relatives 
 
 le neveu nephew 
 
 se marier to marry — get' married 
 
 epouser get married to 
 
 le mari — I'epoux the husband 
 
 la femme — Tepouse ...the wife 
 
 la niece the niece 
 
 ni neither, nor 
 
 beaucoup .much, many 
 
 le lieu the place 
 
 avoir lieu to take place 
 
 aura lieu will take place 
 
 a eu lieu has taken place 
 
48 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 GRAMMAIRE 
 
 Verbe: £tre — To be 
 
 interrog. and negative 
 Interrogatively : 
 
 Suis-je? Am I? 
 
 es-tu art thou? 
 
 est-il?, est-elle? is he? — is she? 
 
 sommes-nous? are we? 
 
 etes-vous? are you? 
 
 sont-ils? sont-elles? .... are they? 
 Negatively: 
 
 Je ne suis pas 1 am not 
 
 tu n'es pas thou art not 
 
 il n'est pas he is not 
 
 nous ne sommes pas ....we are not 
 
 vous n'etes pas you are not 
 
 ils ne sont pas they are not 
 
 Avoir — Have 
 
 Interrogatively: 
 
 Ai-je? Have I? 
 
 as-tu ? hast thou? 
 
 a-t-il? a-t-elle? has he? — has she? 
 
 avons-nous? .have we? 
 
 avez-vous? have you? 
 
 ont-ils? ont-elles? have they? 
 
 Negatively: 
 
 Je n'ai pas I have not 
 
 tu n'as pas thou hast not 
 
 il n'a pas he has not 
 
 nous n'avons pas we have not 
 
 vous n'avez pas you have not 
 
 ils n'ont pas they have not 
 
 n'ai-je pas? have I not? 
 
 Qualifying adjectives and comparatives 
 
 In French, adjectives agree in gender and number 
 with the noun, the feminine being generally 
 formed by adding an "e", unless the word 
 ends with "e'% in which case it remains the 
 same. — (The plural is generally formed by 
 adding an "s'\ — Same rule as for nouns.) 
 
 Ex.: masculine feminine plural 
 
 grand grande grands, grandes 
 
 poli polie polis, polies 
 
 petit petite petits, petit es 
 
 jeune jeune jeunes 
 
"OUR METHOD" 49 
 
 The exceptions to this rule are many; a few of 
 
 them are as follows: 
 
 adjectives ending in "x" change the x into se 
 Ex.: heureux — heureuse (happy) 
 
 serieux — serieuse (serious) 
 faux (false), roux (reddish), doux (sweet) form 
 
 the feminine thus: fausse, rousse, douce. 
 
 Adjectives ending in "f" form the feminine in "ve" 
 neuf (new) — neuve 
 veuf — veuve (widowed) 
 actif — active 
 
 Adjectives in "er" form their feminine in "ere" 
 Ex.: leger — ■ legere 
 
 premier — ■ premiere 
 
 Adjectives in "el" double the "I" and add "e" 
 Ex.: cruel — cruelle 
 
 Adjectives ending in "et" double the "t" and 
 
 add "e" 
 Ex.: coquet — coquette 
 
 beau — fou — mou — nouveau — vieux — before 
 a vowel or silent "h" are: bel — fol — mol — 
 nouvel — vieil. 
 
 Ex.: un bel homme 
 un fol espoir 
 
 Some irregularities in adjectives: 
 
 masculine feminine 
 
 bon — bonne good 
 
 beau — belle beautiful 
 
 nouveau — nouvelle new 
 
 gros — grosse fat, stout 
 
 epais — epaisse .thick 
 
 fou — fclle mad 
 
 vieux — vieille old 
 
 mou — molle soft 
 
 gentil — gentille nice 
 
 sot — sotte silly 
 
 pareil — pareille same 
 
 complet — complete complete 
 
 inquiet — inquiete restless 
 
 secret — secrete secret 
 
 discret — discrete discreet 
 
 frais — fratche .fresh 
 
 blanc — blanche white 
 
 etc. 
 
50 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Couleurs — Colors 
 
 noir — noire black 
 
 rouge — rouge red 
 
 blanc — blanche white 
 
 bleu — bleue .blue 
 
 gris — grlse gray 
 
 vert — verte green 
 
 rose — rose pink 
 
 jaune — jaune yellow 
 
 marron — marron chestnut 
 
 brun — brune brown 
 
 Formes — Shapes 
 
 rond (e) round 
 
 carre (e) square 
 
 pointu (e) pointed 
 
 ovale oval 
 
 Adjectives are placed sometimes before, some- 
 times after the nouns. The following usually 
 precede: 
 
 bon (good) gros (big) 
 
 grand (tall, large) mauvais (bad) 
 
 vilaln (ugly) petit (small) 
 
 joli (pretty) beau (beautiful) 
 
 premier (first) dernier (last) 
 
 nouveau (new) vieux (old) 
 
 Adjectives denoting color, shape, nationality, 
 
 follow the noun: 
 Ex.: une robe bleue 
 
 une grammaire francaise 
 
 une table ronde. 
 
 Ordinals precede the nouns. 
 Ex. :la deuxieme fois (time) 
 
 la troisieme lecon. 
 In most other cases, the taste of the writer or 
 
 speaker decides: 
 Ex.: une harmonie suave 
 
 une suave harmonie 
 Some adjectives change their meaning according 
 
 to their place: 
 Ex.: grand homme — great man 
 
 homme grand — tall man 
 
 honnete homme — honest man 
 
 homme honnete — courteous man 
 
 braves gens — good people 
 
 un homme brave — brave man 
 
 mechante epigramme — poor epigram 
 
 epigramme mechante — mean, vicious 
 
"OUR METHOD" 51 
 
 The comparative is formed by means of "plus 
 que" (more than) : 
 plus grand que — - taller than 
 moins que — less than 
 
 The comparative of equality is formed with the 
 
 words: "aussi — que". 
 Ex.: Mon livre est aussi grand que le votre. 
 My book is as large as yours. 
 
 The "superlative" form is: 
 
 le plus 
 le moins 
 
 plus petit que — smaller than 
 plus joli que — prettier than 
 plus mauvais que — worse than 
 le plus joli — the prettiest 
 le plus petit — the smallest 
 
 Some are irregularly formed, as: 
 
 Bon — meilleur — le meilleur 
 good — better — the best 
 mauvais — pire — le pire 
 bad — worse — the worst 
 
 The adverb "bien" (well) is compared thus: 
 
 bien — mieux — le mieux 
 
 well — better — the best 
 
 Mai — pis — le pis 
 
 bad, badly — worse — the worst. 
 
52 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 SIXIEME LEgON 
 Sixth Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 LES JOURS, LES MOIS, LES SAISONS, 
 L'HEURE, LES MESURES, LES NOMBRES ET 
 
 LA MONNAIE 
 Days, months, seasons, time, numbers and coin 
 
 (or money) 
 
 Savez-vous les noms des jours? 
 
 Do you know (know you) the names of the days? 
 
 Quels sont les noms des jours de la 
 semaine? 
 
 What (which) are the names of the days of the week? 
 
 Je sais les noms des jours de la semaine. 
 
 I know the names of the days of the week. 
 
 II y a sept jours dans une semaine. 
 
 There are (is) seven days in a week. 
 
 Quels sont-ils? 
 
 What (which) are they? 
 
 Les jours de la semaine sont: lundi, mardi, 
 mercredi, jeudi, vendredi, samedi, di- 
 manche. 
 
 The days of the week are: Monday, Thuesday, Wed- 
 nesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday. 
 
 L'annee est divisee en mois. 
 
 The year is divided into months. 
 
 En combien de mois? 
 
 In (into) how many months? 
 
 II y a douze mois dans l'annee. 
 
 There are (is) twelve months in a year. 
 
 Les mois de l'annee sont: Janvier, fevrier, 
 mars, avril, mai, juin, juillet, aout, sep- 
 tembre, octobre, novembre, decembre. 
 
 The months of the year are: January, february, march, 
 april, may, June, July, august, September, Oc- 
 tober, november, december. 
 
 L'annee est divisee en quatre saisons: 
 
 The year is divided into four seasons. 
 
 Savez-vous les noms des saisons? 
 
 Do you know the names of the seasons? 
 
 Les quatre saisons sont: le printemps, l'ete, 
 l'automne, l'hiver. 
 
 The four seasons are: spring, summer, autumn, winter. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 53 
 
 Combien de jours y a-t-il dans un mois? 
 
 How many days are there in a month? 
 
 II y a trente jours dans un mois. Quelques 
 mois ont trente et un jours. 
 
 There are thirty days. Some months have thirty-one 
 days. 
 
 Combien d 'heures y a-t-il dans un jour? 
 
 How many hours are there in a day? 
 
 II y vingt-quatre heures dans un jour. 
 
 There are twenty-four hours in a day. 
 
 Le jour est divise en quatre parties: le ma- 
 tin; l'apres-midi; le soir et la nuit. 
 
 The day is divided into four parts: morning - , after- 
 noon, evening- and night. 
 
 Savez-vous dire l'heure en frangais? 
 
 Do you know (how) to tell the time in French? 
 
 Oui, je sais dire l'heure. 
 
 Yes I know (how) to tell the time. 
 
 Quelle heure est-il? 
 
 What time is it? 
 
 II est une heure. — II est deux heures. 
 
 It is one o'clock. — It is two o'clock. 
 
 II est midi. — II est minuit. 
 
 It is noon. — It is midnight. 
 
 II est une heure et demie. 
 
 It is half past one. 
 
 II est trois heures et quart. 
 
 It is a quarter past three. 
 
 II est cinq heures dix. 
 
 It is ten minutes past five. 
 
 II est six heures vingt. 
 
 It is twenty minutes past six. 
 
 II est midi vingt-cinq. 
 
 It is twenty-five minutes past twelve. 
 
 II est quatre heures moins cinq. 
 
 It is five minutes to four. 
 
 II est huit heures moins dix. 
 
 It is ten minutes to eight. 
 
 II est neuf heures moins vingt-cinq. 
 
 It is twenty-five minutes to nine. 
 
 II est midi moins le quart.* 
 
 It is a quarter to twelve. 
 
 II est une heure du matin. 
 
 It is one o'clock in the morning. 
 
54 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 II est cinq heures du soir. 
 
 It is five o'clock in the evening. 
 
 II est de bonne heure. — II est tard. 
 
 It is early. — It is late. 
 
 II n'est que six heures. 
 
 It is but six o'clock. 
 
 Ne venez qu'a la derniere reunion. 
 
 Come only (but) at the last meeting. 
 
 Venez de bonne heure. 
 
 Come early. 
 
 Ne venez pas tard. — Vous etes en retard. 
 
 Do not come late. — You are late. 
 
 Venez plus tot la prochaine fois. 
 
 Come earlier next time. 
 
 Dans huit jours, — Dans une huitaine, une 
 quinzaine. 
 
 In a week. — In about a week, in about two weeks. 
 
 Aujourd'hui en huit. — Demain en quinze. 
 
 A week from today. — Two Weeks from to-morrow. 
 
 II y a eu huit jours hier. 
 
 Yesterday a week ago. 
 
 La derniere fois. 
 
 Last time. 
 
 La prochaine fois. Une autre fois. 
 
 Next time. Some other time. 
 
 N. B. — 5 heures du soir fait maintenant 17 heures, 
 les heures se comptant en Francais depuis 
 quelques annees de 1 du matin a 24 du soir. 
 
 One often hears now time expressed in the follow- 
 ing manner: 
 II est treize heures — 
 It is thirteen o'clock (1 p. m.) 
 II est seize heures — 
 It is sixteen o'clock (4 p. m.). 
 
 Note — ne que is used for "but", "only" — ne is 
 placed before the verb, que after the verb. 
 Ex.: Je n'ai qu'un frere 
 
 I have but one brother 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 le temps the time 
 
 I'heure the hour — time 
 
 la fois — cette fois the time — this time 
 
 combien de fois? how many times? 
 
 le matin the morning 
 
 le soir the evening 
 
 I'apres-midi . . • afternoon 
 
"OUR METHOD" 55 
 
 apres — avant after — before 
 
 aujourd'hui to-day 
 
 hier yesterday 
 
 demain to-morrow 
 
 apres-demain day after to-morrow 
 
 avant-hier .day before yesterday 
 
 il y a there are — there is 
 
 y a-t-il? are there? — is there? 
 
 il n'y a pas there is not, there are 
 
 la fin the end [not 
 
 la moitie the half 
 
 le quart the quarter 
 
 le cinquieme the fifth 
 
 le centieme the hundredth 
 
 le tiers -the third (fraction) 
 
 deux fois deux font quatre. 2 times 2 are 4 
 combien font un et deux?. how much is 1 and 2? 
 
 la date the date 
 
 les fetes the holidays 
 
 la fete, le jour de fete... the holiday — birthday 
 anniversaire de naissance. birthday 
 
 I'anniversaire (m.) ... the anniversary 
 
 Noel (la) Christmas 
 
 la veilie de Noel Christmas eve 
 
 le jour de Tan New Year's day 
 
 Paques Easter 
 
 une fete nationale a national holiday 
 
 le quatre juillet the 4th of July 
 
 le quatorze juillet the 14th of July 
 
 SPECIAL: NOMBRES -— NUMBERS 
 
 Un 1 vingt 20 
 
 deux 2 vingt-et-un 21 
 
 trois 3 vingt-deux 22 
 
 quatre 4 vingt-trois 23 
 
 cinq 5 vingt-quatre 24 
 
 six 6 vingt-cinq 25 
 
 sept 7 vingt etc. 
 
 huit 8 trente 30 
 
 neuf 9 trente-et-un 31 
 
 dix 10 trente-deux 32 
 
 onze 11 trente etc. 
 
 douze 12 quarante 40 
 
 treize 13 quarante-et-un 41 
 
 quatorze 14 quarante-deux 42 
 
 quinze 15 quarante etc. 
 
 seize 16 cinquante 50 
 
 dix-sept 17 cinquante-et-un . . . . 51 
 
 dix-huit 18 cinquante-deux . . .. 52 
 
 dix-neuf 19 cinquante etc. 
 
56 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 solxante 60 soixante-quinze ... 75 
 
 soixante-et-un 61 soixante-seize 76 
 
 soixante-deux 62 soixante-dix-sept ... 77 
 
 soixante etc. soixante-dix-huit ... 78 
 
 soixante-dix 70 soixante-dix-neuf . .. 79 
 
 soixante-et-onze ... 71 quatre-vlngts 80 
 
 soixante-douze . . .. 72 quatre-vingt-un . . .. 81 
 soixante-treize .... 73 quatre-vingt-deux . . 82 
 soixante-quatorze . . 74 quatre-vingt-trois ... 83 
 
 quatre-vingt-quatre 84 
 
 quatre-vingt-dix 90 
 
 quatre-vingt-onze 91 
 
 quatre-vingt-douze 92 
 
 quatre-vingt-treize 93 
 
 quatre-vingt-quatorze 94 
 
 quatre-vingt-quinze 95 
 
 quatre-vingt-seize 96 
 
 quatre-vingt-dix-sept 97 
 
 quatre-vingt-dix-huit 98 
 
 quatre-vingt-dix-neuf -99 
 
 cent 100 
 
 mille 1000 
 
 un million one million 
 
 un billion one billion 
 
 une douzaine a dozen 
 
 une vingtaine about twenty 
 
 une centaine about a hundred 
 
 un millier about a thousand 
 
 ORDINALS 
 
 The ordinals are formed by adding "ieme" to the 
 number, except for: 
 
 premier (premiere f.) — first 
 dernier — (last) 
 Ex.: deuxieme — second quatrieme — fourth 
 
 troisieme — third centieme — a hundreth 
 
 millieme — a thousandth 
 In dates we use the ordinal only for first and the 
 
 cardinal for all others: 
 
 Le premier Mai — 1st of May 
 
 Le deux Juin — 2nd of June 
 
 Le quatre Juillet — 4th of July 
 The same rule applies to sovereigns: 
 
 Charles Premier — Charles 1st 
 
 Napoleon Premier — Napoleon 1st 
 
 Louis Quatorze — Louis XIV 
 
 Henri Quatre — Henri IV 
 LA MONNAIE FRANQAISE — FRENCH COIN 
 I'argent — the silver Tor — the gold 
 le cuivre — copper 
 
"OUR METHOD" 57 
 
 le franc — the franc=20 sous (cents) 
 le sou. — the cent 
 
 le centime — one hundieth of a 
 
 "franc"; one fifth of a "sou" 
 
 Five francs or 100 sous (cents) equal one dollar. 
 
 The "franc" being the unit, is the equal of one 
 
 hundred "centimes" or twenty sous (cents), 
 
 as: 
 
 1 franc=20 sous=100 centimes. 
 The prices or sums of money are always ex- 
 pressed in francs and centimes, never in sous : 
 thus — 
 
 2 francs 50 (centimes)=50 cents 
 
 3 francs 60 (centimes)=72 cents 
 
 4 francs 75 (centimes)=95 cents 
 
 So, whenever you wish to find the value of a 
 French sum, in American money, multiply the 
 francs by 20 (if the sum does not exceed 5 
 francs), and divide the centimes by five. You 
 will get the number of cents the sum repre- 
 sents. Ex.: 3 francs 80 (centimes): 
 3X20=60 cents 
 80 : 5=16 cents 
 60+16=76 cents. 
 The francs give 60 cents 
 the centimes give 16 cents, 
 which added make 76 cents. 
 When the sum exceeds 5 francs, divide by 5. 
 Since five francs make one dollar, you will 
 thus get the number of dollars, as: 
 15 francs : 5 — 3 dollars 
 20 francs : 5 — 4 dollars 
 25 francs 75 (centimes) : 5 — $5.15 
 
 MESURES — MEASURES 
 
 1 pouce 1 inch 
 
 1 pied 1 foot 
 
 1 metre 39% inches 
 
 1 kilometre 1,093 yards (% mile) 
 
 8 kilometres 5 miles 
 
 Superficie — ■ Surface 
 
 are • 100 square meters 
 
 hectare 10,000 square meters 
 
 1 kilometre 1000 meters 
 
 Liquid measures 
 
 1 litre 1% pints 
 
 1 decalitre (10 litres) ..-.2 gallons 
 1 hectolitre (100 litres) ..22 gallons 
 
58 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Poids — Weights 
 
 1 gramme -1-30 oz. 
 
 hectogramme (100 gr.) . . .3% oz. 
 
 demi-kilogramme 1 lb. 
 
 1 kilogramme 2 lbs. 
 
 1 kilogramme 1000 grammes 
 
 500 grammes 1 pound 
 
 SEPTIEME LECON 
 Seventh Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 
 "LA DIANE", L'EQUIPEMENT DU SOLDAT 
 
 Soldiers' Reveille, Equipment 
 
 On sonne la diane. — II est temps. 
 
 The reveille is sounded. — It is time. 
 
 Ecoutez. — Entendez-vous? 
 
 Listen. — Hear you? (Do you hear?) 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous entendez? 
 
 What is it you hear? 
 
 J'entends la diane. 
 
 I hear the reveille. 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous faites? 
 
 What is it you do. 
 
 Que faites-vous? — Je me leve. 
 
 What are you doing? — ' I get up. 
 
 Asseyez-vous. 
 
 Sit down. 
 
 Que faites-vous? — Je m'assieds. 
 
 What are you doing? — I sit down. 
 
 Ou vous asseyez-vous? 
 
 Where do you sit? 
 
 Je m'assieds sur une chaise. 
 
 I sit on a chair. 
 
 Lavez-vous. 
 
 Wash yourself. 
 
 Avec quoi vous lavez-vous? 
 
 With what do you wash yourself? 
 
 Je me lave avec de l'eau et du savon. 
 
 I wash myself with water and soap. 
 
 De l'eau froide. — De l'eau chaude. 
 
 (Some) cold water. — (Some) warm water. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 59 
 
 Voulez-vous me donner de 1'eau bouillante? 
 
 Will you give me boiling- water? 
 
 Un essuie-mains. — Une serviette. 
 
 A towel. 
 
 Je m'essuie les mains. 
 
 I wipe my hands. 
 
 Je veux me raser. — Rasez-vous. 
 
 I wish to shave. — Shave yourself. 
 
 Avec quoi vous rasez-vous? 
 
 With what do you shave yourself? 
 
 Je me rase avec un rasoir et un blaireau. 
 
 I shave myself with a razor and a shaving brush. 
 
 Je me peigne avec un peigne. 
 
 I comb myself with a comb. 
 
 Brossez-vous. — Nous nous brossons. 
 
 Brush yourself. — W~e brush ourselves. 
 
 Je me brosse avec une brosse. 
 
 I brush myself with a brush. 
 
 Mettez vos souliers, vos bottes, vos jam- 
 bieres, vos chaussettes. 
 
 Put on your shoes, your boots, your leggings, your 
 socks. 
 
 Chaussez-vous. — Habillez-vous. 
 
 Put on your shoes. — Dress yourself. 
 
 Je m'habille. — Je mets mes vetements. 
 
 I dress myself. — I put on my clothes. 
 
 Mettez vos calegons, votre chemise, vos 
 pantalons. 
 
 Put on your drawers, your shirt, your trousers. 
 
 J'ai un mouchoir propre dans ma poche. 
 
 I have a clean handkerchief in my pocket. 
 
 Je voudrais bien fumer; je suis grand fu- 
 meur. 
 
 I would like to smoke. — I am a great smoker. 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous voulez fumer? Une 
 pipe? un cigare? une cigarette? 
 
 What do you want to smoke? A pipe? A cigar? A 
 cigarette? 
 
 Voila du tabac qui ne vaut rien; celui-ci est 
 meilleur. 
 
 This tobacco is no good (worth nothing); this one 
 here is better. 
 
60 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Ces allumettes ne brulent pas ; prenez celles- 
 la. 
 
 These matches do not burn — take those. 
 
 La fumee vous incommode-t-elle? 
 
 Does smoking- incommode you? 
 
 Cela m'est egal. (Qa m'est egal). J'y suis 
 habitue (accoutume). 
 
 I don't care. — I am used to it. 
 
 Vos cigarettes sont meilleures que les 
 miennes et que les siennes. 
 
 Your cigarettes are better than mine or his. 
 
 Donnez-m'en une. — Je n'en ai plus. 
 
 Give me one (of them). — I have no more. 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 un mouchoir a handkerchief 
 
 une ceinture a belt 
 
 le col the collar 
 
 le bouton the button 
 
 le tricot the sweater 
 
 le chandail soldier's sweater 
 
 le cache-nez the muffler 
 
 le casque the helmet 
 
 le kepi French cap 
 
 la tunique the coat 
 
 la capote great coat 
 
 les bretelles the suspenders 
 
 I'uniforme the uniform 
 
 la musette the haversack 
 
 le sac the knapsack 
 
 la cartouchiere the cartridge belt 
 
 le masque a gaz the gas mask 
 
 la couverture the blanket 
 
 la gamelle the mess tin 
 
 le quart the tin cup 
 
 le bidon the water bottle 
 
 la courroie the strap 
 
 boucler to buckle 
 
 bouclez votre ceinture ...buckle your belt 
 
 GRAMMAIRE 
 Reflective verbs 
 In the preceding lesson, we have several ex- 
 amples of what is called "reflective or pronominal 
 verbs" — or verbs using two pronouns — one 
 subject, the other object — all through the con- 
 
"OUR METHOD" 61 
 
 jugation. The infinitive of such verbs is given 
 with the pronoun "se" preceding it, as: 
 
 se lever — to get up 
 
 se laver — to wash oneself 
 
 se peigner — to comb one's hair 
 
 s'asseoir — to sit down 
 
 se brosser — to brush oneself 
 
 The present of such verbs is conjugated as 
 follows: 
 
 Je me lave — I wash myself 
 
 Tu te laves — thou washest thyself 
 
 II se lave — he washes himself 
 
 Nous nous lavons — we wash ourselves 
 
 Vous vous lavez — you wash yourselves 
 
 lis se lavent — they wash themselves 
 
 In the Imperative the pronoun follows, and "me" 
 is changed into "moi", "te" is changed into 
 "toi". 
 Ex.: Lave-toi 
 
 Habille-toi 
 Lavez-vous. 
 
 The past of pronominal verbs is formed always 
 
 with the auxiliary verb "etre" — to be. 
 Ex.: Je me suis lave — I washed myself 
 Je me suis habille — I dressed myself 
 Vous etes-vous leve? — Did you get up? 
 II s'est marie hier — 
 
 He got married yesterday. 
 Depuis quand etes-vous marie? — 
 
 How long have you been married? 
 Nous nous sommes maries I'annee derniere. 
 We got married last year. 
 Le juge nous a maries — 
 The judge married us. 
 
 Notice that "to get married" is reflective — while 
 "to marry" — perform the ceremony — is 
 active: "marier". 
 We also can use "epouser" — to get married to 
 
 Ex.: II a epouse sa cousine — 
 He married his cousin. 
 
 PRONOUNS 
 
 Possessives 
 Mon pere et le sien (his, hers) 
 Ma mere et la sienne (his, hers) 
 Mes livres et les votres (yours) 
 Vos enfants et les notres (ours) 
 
62 
 
 OUR METHOD 
 
 Masc: 
 
 Fern. 
 
 
 le mien 
 
 la mienne 
 
 mine 
 
 le tien 
 
 la tienne 
 
 thine 
 
 le sien 
 
 la sienne 
 
 his, hers 
 
 le notre 
 
 la notre 
 
 ours 
 
 le votre 
 
 la votre 
 
 yours 
 
 le leur 
 
 la leur 
 Plural: 
 
 theirs 
 
 les miens 
 
 les miennes 
 
 mine 
 
 les tiens 
 
 les tiennes 
 
 thine 
 
 les siens 
 
 les siennes 
 
 his, hers 
 
 les notres 
 
 les notres 
 
 ours 
 
 les votres 
 
 les votres 
 
 yours 
 
 les leurs 
 
 les leurs 
 
 theirs 
 
 NOTE — To avoid ambiguity when the possessor is 
 not clearly defined — owing to the fact that 
 possessive adjectives and pronouns agree with 
 the object, not the possessor — we use the 
 expression: "a lui" — "a elle" as for example: 
 His father is living — her father is dead. 
 Son pere (a lui) vit — le sien (a elle) est mort 
 
 The pronouns, as the adjectives, agree with the 
 object possessed — not with the possessor. 
 
 Demonstratives 
 Ce livre et celui de mon frere — 
 
 This book and that of my brother. 
 Cette plume et celle du (that of the) garcon. 
 Ces livres et ceux (those) de mon frere. 
 Ces plumes et celles (those) du garcon. 
 Ceci me plaTt — 
 
 This pleases me. 
 Cela ne me plait pas — 
 
 That does not please me. 
 §a ne me platt pas — 
 
 That does not please me. 
 C'est vous — 
 
 It is you. 
 Celui — this, that (masc. sing.) 
 Celle — this, that (fern.) 
 Ceux — those (m. pi.) 
 Celles — those (f. pi.) 
 Ce — this (before etre) 
 Ceci — this (when noun is not expressed) 
 Cela — that (when noun is not expressed) 
 Qa — (abbreviation of cela) 
 Celui-ci — this one 
 Celui-la — that one 
 
"OUR METHOD" 63 
 
 HUITIEME LEQON 
 Eighth Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 
 LE TEMPS — LA POSTE 
 
 Weather — Post-office 
 
 Quel temps fait-il? 
 
 What weather is it? (How is the weather?) 
 
 II fait beau. — II ne fait pas beau. 
 
 It is nice weather. — The weather is not nice. 
 
 II fait chaud. — II fait froid. 
 
 It is (makes) warm. — It is cold. 
 
 Avez-vous froid? — chaud? 
 
 Are you' cold? — warm? 
 
 L'air est tiede — pur. — II y a une brise. 
 
 The air is lukewarm-pure. — There is a breeze. 
 
 Chauffez-vous au soleil. 
 
 Warm yourself in the sun. 
 
 II fait clair de lune. 
 
 There is moonlight. 
 
 Le soleil brille. — Les etoiles brillent. 
 
 The sun shines. — The stars are shining. 
 
 Prenez-garde ! N'attrapez pas froid. 
 
 Take care! Do not take cold. 
 
 II fait un peu frais. 
 
 It is somewhat cool. 
 
 II y a des nuages; il va pleuvoir. 
 
 There are clouds; it is going to rain. 
 
 II pleut deja; j'ai senti une goutte d'eau. 
 
 It is already raining; I felt a drop of water. 
 
 C'est ennuyeux; j'ai oublie mon parapluie, 
 et j'ai un chapeau neuf! 
 
 It is annoying; I have forgotten my umbrella, and I 
 have a new hat! 
 
 Mon chapeau va etre mouille et abime. 
 
 -My. hat will be wet and spoiled. 
 
 II y a un brouillard epais. 
 
 There is a heavy fog. 
 
 Quand il fait froid, nous allumons du feu 
 pour nous chauffer. 
 
 When it is cold, we light a fire to warm ourselves. 
 
 Nous portons des vetements chauds, -des 
 fourrures. 
 
 We wear warm clothes, furs. 
 
64 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Le temps s'eclaircit; voulez-vous sortir? 
 
 The weather is clearing; will you go out? - 
 
 J'ai quelques visites a faire. 
 
 I have a few calls to pay. 
 
 II faut que j'aille chez Mme X. 
 
 I have to go to Mme. X. 
 
 Moi aussi. — Allons-y ensemble. 
 
 I also. — Let us go there together. 
 
 Oh! pendant que j'y pense! J'ai besoin 
 d'aller a la poste, et je ne connais pas le 
 chemin ! 
 
 Ah! While I think of it! I have to go to the post- 
 office, and I do not know the way. 
 
 Prenez la premiere rue a droite, et vous y 
 serez. 
 
 Take the first street to the right, and you will be 
 there. 
 
 Voici la poste centrale — la poste restante. 
 
 Here fas the main post-office — the general delivery. 
 
 Je voudrais savoir s'il y a des lettres pour 
 moi (a mon adresse) — a la poste res- 
 tante. 
 
 I would like to know if there are any letters for me 
 at the general delivery. 
 
 J 'ai deux lettres a affranchir. — Je vais vous 
 les donner. 
 
 I have two letters to mail. — I am going to give them 
 
 to you. 
 
 Ou est le guichet des timbres-poste? 
 
 'Where is the window (ticket office) of stamps? 
 
 II faut mettre un timbre de 25 centimes sur 
 
 cette lettre-ci. 
 
 You must put a 25 centimes stamp on this one. 
 
 Donnez-m'en deux a 15 centimes. — Les 
 voici. 
 
 Give me two (stamps) of 15 centimes. — Here they are. 
 
 C'est bien. — Donnez-les moi. 
 
 It is well (allright). — Give them to me. 
 
 Je vous les ai donnes. Je la lui ai donnee. 
 
 I have given them to you. I have given it to him. 
 
 Donnez-lui votre adresse. 
 
 Give him your address. 
 
 Voulez-vous enregistrer cette lettre. 
 
 Will you register this letter? 
 
"OUR METHOD" 65 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 la rue the street 
 
 la route the road 
 
 le trottolr the sidewalk 
 
 la chaussee the middle of the street 
 
 I'avenue the avenue 
 
 le boulevard the boulevard 
 
 le coin — au coin the corner, at the 
 
 corner 
 
 le monument the monument 
 
 I'eglise the church 
 
 I'ecole the school 
 
 traverser to cross 
 
 trouver son chemin to find one's way 
 
 demander son chemin au ask the way from the 
 
 sergent de ville policeman 
 
 I'humidite — humide the dampness — damp 
 
 la neige '. .the snow 
 
 la vapeur the steam 
 
 la gelee — je gele the frost — I freeze 
 
 la grele the hail 
 
 la foudre the thunderbolt 
 
 le tonnerre the thunder 
 
 I'eclair the lightning 
 
 Forage the storm 
 
 la tempete . . ." the tempest 
 
 le tremblement de terre..the earthquake 
 
 il est tot it is early 
 
 patiner — le patinage ....to skate — skating 
 
 la Poste the post-office 
 
 la poste restante general delivery 
 
 le guichet the ticket office or the 
 
 window 
 mettre une lettre a la 
 
 poste, affranchir une 
 
 lettre to mail a letter 
 
 faire enregistrer to register 
 
 une lettre enregistree a registered letter 
 
 le facteur the letter carrier 
 
 un mandat-poste a money order 
 
 acheter — j'achete to buy — I buy 
 
 GRAM M AIRE 
 
 This lesson has introduced the impersonal 
 verbs, used only in the third person, "il" meaning 
 it: II fait chaud — it is (makes) warm — fait 
 (makes) being used for "is", referring to the 
 weather. 
 
66 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Notice tlie idiomatic expressions: 
 
 j'ai froid 1 am cold 
 
 j'ai chaud I am warm 
 
 j'ai sommeil I am sleepy 
 
 j'ai faim — soif I am hungry — thirsty 
 
 J'ai peur I am afraid 
 
 j'ai tort 1 am wrong 
 
 j'ai raison I am right 
 
 j'ai honte 1 am ashamed 
 
 REFLECTIVE PRONOUNS — Pronoms Reflechis 
 je me — I myself nous nous — we ourselves 
 tu te — thou thyself vous vous — you yourselves 
 il se — he himself ils se — ■ they themselves 
 elle se — she herself elles se — • they themselves 
 
 PERSONAL PRONOUNS — Pronoms personnels 
 We have had the nominative pronouns with 
 the verbs. There are also the objective personal 
 pronouns (or conjunctives), which should be 
 placed before the verb as follows: 
 
 Examples : 
 je vous donne I give you 
 
 to you 
 il me donne he gives me 
 
 to me 
 je lui donne I give him, her 
 
 to him to her 
 il leur donne he gives them 
 
 to them 
 je te vois I see thee 
 
 thee 
 il me voit he sees me 
 
 me 
 nous le voyons we see him 
 
 him 
 vous la voyez you see her 
 
 her 
 nous les voyons we see them 
 
 them 
 je vous le donne ....... .1 give it to you 
 
 I to you it 
 II me le donne he gives it to me 
 
 he to me it 
 nous le lui donnons .....we give it to him 
 
 it to him it to her to her 
 
 vous le leur donnez you give it to them 
 
 you it to them 
 je te le donne ........ ^. .1 give it to thee 
 
 to thee it 
 
t to us 
 it to you 
 t to them 
 it to them 
 
 "OUR METHOD" 67 
 
 Thus the order is: 
 
 me le (la) it. to me 
 
 te le (la) it to thee 
 
 le 1 1.1 i .it to him — to her 
 
 la lui it to him — to her 
 
 nous le (la) 
 
 vous le (la) 
 
 le leur 
 
 la leur 
 
 les leur theirs to them 
 
 Y — EN 
 
 y to it 
 
 en of it, from it 
 
 Ex.:. Jy pense — I think of it. (to it) 
 
 J'y mets — I put to it 
 
 J'en parle — I speak of it 
 Negatively: 
 je ne vous donne pas ....I do not give you 
 
 il ne me voit pas he does not see me 
 
 je ne vous parle pas I do not speak to you 
 
 je ne vous ai pas vu I did not see you 
 
 je ne lui ai pas parle ... .1 did not speak to him 
 
 Interrogatively: 
 
 le voyez-vous? do you see him? 
 
 me parlez-vous? do you speak to me? 
 
 me I'avez-vous dit? did you tell it to me? 
 
 ne le lui avez-vous pas did you not tell it to 
 dit? . him? 
 
 In the imperative the order is reversed and the 
 pronouns follow, unless there is a negative, in 
 which case the pronouns will again precede the 
 Verb. Ex.: 
 
 Donnez-moi .give me 
 
 Donnez m'en give me some 
 
 ne me donnez pas do not give me 
 
 The following pronouns are called "disjunctive 
 personal pronouns": 
 
 moi I — me 
 
 toi thou — thee 
 
 lui he — him 
 
 elle .she — her 
 
 nous we — us 
 
 vous .you — you 
 
 eux they — them 
 
 They are used as follows: 
 Ex.: 
 
 II parle de moi. .he speaks of me 
 
 Donnez-moi -?ive me 
 
"OUR METHOD" 
 
 je parle d'elle I speak of her 
 
 C'est lui it is he avec eux . . with them 
 
 qui? — moi — lui — elle..Who? — I — he — she 
 
 Thus, we see that disjunctives are used after 
 prepositions — after "c'est" — and, when alone 
 (separated from the verb). 
 
 "CE" — "IL" before the verb "to be" — etre: 
 
 c'est mon ami he is my friend 
 
 c'est un bon garcon he is a good boy 
 
 c'est une bonne fille she is a good girl 
 
 c'est un coiffeur he is a hairdresser 
 
 il est coiffeur he is a hairdresser 
 
 By the above examples it is seen that "ce" 
 is used sometimes for "il" — "elle". This happens 
 before an adjective. 
 
 "il" is used before a name of profession when 
 the article is omitted. Ex.: II est soMat. 
 
 With the article, "ce" would be used. 
 Ex.: C'est un soldat. II est avocat. 
 
 C'est un avocat'. 
 
 Indefinite pronouns. 
 
 On one (the people) 
 
 Personne nobody Quelqu'un . ..somebody 
 
 Quelque chose something Rjen (ne) nothing 
 
 Quelques-uns a few 
 
 Tout, toute, tous, toutes..,all 
 
 On a apporte ...•• They brought 
 
 lei on parle francais they speak French here 
 
 (French is spoken) 
 
 Que dit-on? what do they say? 
 
 On dit they say (it isrumored) 
 
 Comment dit-on? how do you say? 
 
 Personne n'est venu -....nobody came 
 Je ne connais personne . .1 know nobody 
 
 II n'y a rien there is nothing 
 
 Cela ne fait rien it matters nothing 
 
 it does not matter 
 
 J'ai quelque chose I have something 
 
 (something is the matter with me) 
 
 Je n'ai rien I have nothing (nothing 
 
 is the matter with me) 
 After "quelque chose", "rien", and "que" we 
 use "de" before an adjective: 
 Ex.: quelque chose de bon — something good. 
 
 rien de joli — nothing pretty. 
 
 qu'avez-vous de nouveau? — what have you 
 
 new? 
 
"OUR METHOD" 69 
 
 NEUVIEME LEQON. 
 
 Ninth Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 
 LE THEATRE — LA REPRESENTATION 
 
 The theatre The performance 
 
 Ou etes-vous alle hier au soir? 
 
 Where did you go last evening? 
 
 Je suis alle au theatre; a la Comedie Fran- 
 gaise. 
 
 I went to the theatre — to the "Comedie Franchise". 
 
 Qu'est-ce qu'on jouait? (Que jouait-on?) 
 
 What were they playing? 
 
 On jouait "Phedre", le chef-d'oeuvre de 
 Racine. 
 
 They played "PTiedra", the masterpiece of Racine. 
 
 Avez-vous bien compris? Vous etes-vous 
 bien amuse? 
 
 Did you understand well? Did you enjoy yourself? 
 
 Oui, j'ai tres bien compris, et je me suis ad- 
 mirablement amuse. 
 
 Yes, I understood very well, and I enjoyed myself 
 admirably. 
 
 Comment avez-vous trouve la representa- 
 tion? 
 
 How did you find (like) the performance? 
 
 Tres belle. La piece etait bien montee, et 
 la distribution excellente. 
 
 Splendid. The play was well staged — and the cast 
 excellent. 
 
 Et les decors? — Oh! vous n'ignorez pas 
 que dans ces ceuvres classiques du dix- 
 septieme siecle, les decors sont de la 
 plus grande simplicite. 
 
 And the scenery? — Oh! you are not ignorant (of the 
 fact) that in those classic (works) of the seven- 
 teenth century, the scenery is of the greatest 
 simplicity. 
 
 Je reproche a certains acteurs de parler trop 
 bas. J'avais du mal a les comprendre. 
 
 I would reproach certain actors for speaking too low. 
 I had trouble to understand them. 
 
70 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Peut-etre etiez-vous mal place? Quelle place 
 aviez-vous? 
 
 Perhaps you had a bad seat. What seat did you have? 
 
 Je suis alle tres tard au bureau de location, 
 et les meilleures places, etaient deja 
 prises. 
 
 I went late to the box-office and the best seats were 
 already taken. 
 
 J'avais un fauteuil d'orchestre assez eloigne 
 de la scene. 
 
 I had an orchestra seat, rather far from the stage. 
 
 Toutes les loges etaient occupees. II y avait 
 beaucoup de monde, un public choisi, de 
 belles toilettes, des bijoux etincelants. 
 C'etait une soiree tres brillante. 
 
 All the boxes were occupied. There were many people 
 there, a select audience, beautiful garments, 
 sparkling of jewels. It was a fine evening. 
 
 J'ai vu la notre ami D., l'auteur bien conriu; 
 il parlait a une dame de nos connais- 
 sances. Vous savez, n'est-ce pas, qu'il 
 a le ruban rouge? 
 
 I saw there our friend D., the well known writer; he 
 was talking to one of our lady acquaintances. 
 You know — do you not — that he has received 
 the decoration of the "red ribbon" (Legion 
 d'honneur). 
 
 Je 1'ai entendu dire. 
 
 I have heard so. 
 
 Ce qui m'etonne, c'est qu'il ne l'ait pas eu 
 plus tot. 
 
 What surprises me is that he did not get. it sooner. 
 
 Ce que vous dites m'etonne de votre part. 
 II me semblait que vous ne l'admiriez 
 pas. 
 
 What you say surprises me, from you; it seemed to 
 me you did not admire him. 
 
 Ce n'est pas votre genre. 
 
 It is not your style. 
 
 C'est vrai. — Mais je rends justice a ses 
 qualites. — C'est un homme de talent. 
 
 It is true — but I do justice to his qualities. — He is 
 a talented man. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 71 
 
 Vous etes un homme sans prejuges. 
 
 You are a man without prejudice. 
 
 L'auteur dont nous parlons est appele a de- 
 venir celebre. 
 
 The author we speak of is destined to become celeb- 
 rated. 
 
 Le livre auquel nous faisions allusion fait 
 fureur. 
 
 The book to which we were alluding is all the rage. 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 le bureau de location the ticket office 
 
 les places • • .the seats 
 
 de face — de cote opposite — on the side 
 
 le balcon the balcony 
 
 la scene the stage 
 
 la rampe • • the footlights 
 
 la musique the music 
 
 la danse the dance 
 
 le jeu • • . . .the acting 
 
 les decors the scenery 
 
 I'orchestre the orchestra 
 
 les acteurs (m.) the actors 
 
 les actrices (f.) the actresses — 
 
 le danseur (la danseuse) .the dancer 
 
 les coulisses the wings (of stage) 
 
 le foyer the lobby 
 
 la distribution the cast (of a play) 
 
 le role the part 
 
 la piece the play 
 
 la tragedie — la comedie. .the tragedy — comedy 
 
 drole (adj) funny 
 
 c'est drole it is funny 
 
 amusant amusing 
 
 gai lively 
 
 triste sad 
 
 ennuyeux annoying 
 
 spirituel witty 
 
 interessant .interesting 
 
 tragique tragic 
 
 comique comical 
 
 agreable agreeable 
 
 desagreable disagreeable 
 
 merveilleux (se) marvelous 
 
 que (conj.) that 
 
72 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 GRAMMAIRE 
 In this lesson you may notice the frequent use 
 of the two past tenses: the Imparfait and the 
 Passe Indefini. These tenses can not be inter- 
 changed, but are subject to the following rules: 
 The "Imparfait" or descriptive tense is used to 
 describe persons or things, their state of 
 being, qualities, defects, conditions. 
 Ex.: Cette fille etait belle et jeune. 
 
 II faisait beau; le soleil brillait. 
 2. It expresses an action as going on when an- 
 other takes place, and corresponds then to the 
 English: "1 used to" or "I was doing", "was 
 speaking", etc. 
 Ex.: Je parlais a votre mere quand vous etes entre 
 I was talking to your mother when you 
 came in. 
 Je prenais des lecons de chant quand j'etais 
 
 plus jeune. 
 I used to take singing lessons when I was 
 younger. 
 In other cases, where the act expressed is entirely 
 finished — past — we use in conversation the 
 Passe Indefini — 
 Ex.: Je I'ai vu hier — I saw him yesterday. 
 Je lui ai parle — I spoke to him. 
 Imparfait du verbe Avoir — To have 
 
 J'avais I had 
 
 Tu avais • • . . .thou hadst 
 
 II avait he had 
 
 nous avions we had 
 
 vous aviez • • you had 
 
 ils avaient they had 
 
 li y avait there was, there were 
 
 Imparfait du verbe £tre — To be 
 
 J'etais • • . I was 
 
 tu etais thou wert 
 
 il etait • • . .he was 
 
 nous etions we were 
 
 vous etiez you were 
 
 ils etaient ....•• they were 
 
 Imparfait: Jouer — To play 
 
 Je jouais I played 
 
 tu jouais 
 
 il jouait 
 
 nous jouions 
 
 vous jouiez 
 
 ils jouaient, 
 
"OUR METHOD" 73 
 
 Imparfait: Connaitre — To know 
 
 Je connaissais I knew 
 
 tu connaissais 
 
 ii connaissait 
 
 nous connaissions ....••. 
 
 vous connaissiez 
 
 ils connaissaient 
 
 Conjugate: Venir — To come — in the imperfect. 
 
 Je venais, etc. 
 also: Parler — To speak 
 
 Je parlais, etc. 
 Pouvoir — To be able to 
 
 Je pouvais, etc. 
 and all verbs of this lesson in the same manner. 
 The compound past tenses are formed with the 
 verb "Avoir" (have) and "£tre" (be), as in Eng- 
 lish. Ex.: 
 
 J'ai eu I have had 
 
 II y a eu there has been 
 
 J'ai parle I spoke 
 
 J'ai vu --.I saw 
 
 Vous avez vu you saw 
 
 J'ai paye I paid 
 
 "Aller" is used with "etre". Ex.: 
 
 Je suis alle • • . . .1 went 
 
 Vous etes alle you went 
 
 £tes-vous alle did you go? 
 
 Je ne suis pas alle I did not go 
 
 Other verbs conjugated with "£tre" are: Venir 
 (come), Partir (go away), Sortir (go out), entrer 
 (go in) — as will be seen further. 
 Also all verbs used with the double pronouns. 
 Ex.: Je suis venu — I came 
 
 Je me suis amuse 
 
 Nous nous sommes amuses 
 
 Vous vous etes amuses 
 
 Relative pronouns 
 The most important relative pronouns are: 
 qui — ■ who, which, that (subj.) 
 que — whom, which, that (object) 
 dont — of which, whose (ind. object) 
 lequel, laquelle — which (m.) (f.) 
 lesquels, lesquelles — which, whom (plur.) 
 auquel, a laquelle — to which, to whom 
 auxquels, auxquelles — to which, to whom (pi.) 
 duquel, de laquelle — of which, of whom 
 desquels, desquelles — of which, of whom (pi.) 
 
74 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Ex.: L'homme qui est venu 
 The man who came. 
 La femme qui est la 
 The woman who is there. 
 Le livre qui est sur la table 
 The book which is on the table. 
 Le livre que je lis 
 The book which I am reading. 
 Le livre dont vous parlez 
 The book of which you speak. 
 L'enfant a la mere duquel vous avez parle 
 The child to whose mother (to the mother 
 of whom) you have spoken. 
 
 For interrogative pronouns we use the relatives: 
 
 qui — ■ who? 
 
 que — - what? (before verbs) 
 
 quoi — what? (alone, or after a preposition) 
 
 lequel? — which one? 
 Ex.: Qui est la? — who is there? 
 
 Que voulez-vous? — What do you want? 
 
 Quoi? — What? 
 
 De quoi parlez-vous? — Of what do you 
 
 speak? 
 "Qui", when preceded by a preposition, is used for 
 
 persons only. 
 Ex.: La dame a qui je parle 
 
 The lady to whom I speak 
 
 For things — or objects — we use lequel — la- 
 
 quelle. 
 Ex.: La plume avec laquelle j'ecris. 
 The pen with which I write. 
 
 "What" in the nominative meaning "that which" 
 
 is translated by "ce qui". 
 Ex.: What pleases me 
 Ce qui me plait. 
 
 "What" in the objective meaning "that which" 
 
 is translated by "ce que". 
 Ex.: What you see is mine 
 
 Ce que vous voyez est a moi. 
 
 I do not know what he wants 
 
 Je ne sais pas ce qu'il veut. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 75 
 
 DIXIEME LEQON. 
 Tenth Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 
 LES VOYAGES, LES ANIMAUX, LES OISEAUX 
 
 TRAVELS, ANIMALS, BIRDS 
 
 On me dit que vous allez partir. 
 
 One tells me (1 am told) that you are going away. 
 
 Cela (or: ce) sera-t-il pour longtemps? 
 
 Will it be for long? 
 
 Non; cela ne sera que pour quelques mois. 
 
 No, it will be only for a few months. 
 
 Ou irez-vous d'abord? 
 
 Where will you go first? 
 
 Je crois que je commencerai par un tour de 
 France. 
 
 I think I will begin with a tour of France. 
 
 Ensuite, j'irai en Italie, ou je resterai envi- 
 ron trois semaines. 
 
 Then I will go to Italy, where I will remain about 
 three weeks. 
 
 Puis je parcourrai rapidement les autres 
 pays de V Europe. 
 
 The I will go rapidly over the other countries of 
 Europe. 
 
 J'irai en Espagne et au Portugal en tous les 
 cas. 
 
 t will go to Spain and Portugal, at any rate. 
 
 Je veux passer quelques jours a Madrid, et 
 en visiter les monuments et les galeries 
 de tableaux, les musees. 
 
 I want to spend a few days in Madrid, and visit its 
 monuments and picture galleries (museums). 
 
 Et vous, Monsieur? Y a-t-il longtemps que 
 vous n'avez voyage? 
 
 And you, Sir? Is it long since you have travelled? 
 
 J'ai fait dans ma jeunesse de longs voyages, 
 en bateau, en chemin de fer, en automo- 
 bile et meme a cheval. 
 
 I have taken long trips, in my youth: by sea (boat), 
 rail, in auto, even on horse back. 
 
76 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 J'irai un de ces jours en Orient: au Japon, 
 en Chine, a Yokohama, a Pekin. 
 
 I will, one of these days, go to the Orient: in Japan, 
 in China — to Yokohama and Peking. 
 
 Je reverrai avec plaisir aussi l'Amerique du 
 Sud, avec ses oiseaux merveilleux, et 
 ses animaux curieux. 
 
 I will also see again with pleasure South America, 
 with its marvelous birds and its curious animals, 
 
 Je sais que je suis bon voyageur et supporte- 
 rai facilement la mer, et les fatigues 
 ainsi que les changements de climat. 
 
 I know that I am a good traveler, and that I wil 
 stand the sea, the fatigue, as well as the change; 
 of climate. 
 
 Je n'ai jamais eu le mal de mer. 
 
 I have never been sea-sick. 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 La ville the city 
 
 la campagne the country 
 
 le pays the country, fatherlanc 
 
 la mer the sea 
 
 la plage the beach 
 
 le voyage the trip 
 
 le bateau the boat 
 
 le navire the ship 
 
 le chemin de fer the railroad 
 
 la voiture the carriage 
 
 I'automobile the automobile 
 
 la carte the map 
 
 le paysage the landscape 
 
 les montagnes the mountains 
 
 la riviere the river 
 
 le lac the lake 
 
 le fleuve the river 
 
 pile the island 
 
 le ruisseau the brook 
 
 la verdure the verdure, green 
 
 le pelouse the lawn 
 
 les arbres (m.) the trees 
 
 les plantes the plants 
 
 les fleurs the flowers 
 
 les feuilles the leaves 
 
 la ville d'eau the watering place 
 
 l a vue the sight, the view 
 
"OUR METHOD" 77 
 
 Les animaux, oiseaux — animals, birds 
 Le cheval, les chevaux . . .the horse, the horses 
 
 le chien the dog 
 
 le chat the cat 
 
 le lapin the rabbit 
 
 le mouton the sheep 
 
 la brebls the ewe 
 
 I'agneau the lamb 
 
 le boeuf the ox 
 
 la vache the cow 
 
 le veau the calf 
 
 le cochon the hog, pig 
 
 le lion r the lion 
 
 le tigre the tiger 
 
 le loup the wolf 
 
 Tours the bear 
 
 le chevreuil the roebuck 
 
 le cerf the deer 
 
 le rat the rat 
 
 la souris the mouse 
 
 Tecureuil . the squirrel 
 
 Toiseau the bird 
 
 le rossignol the nightingale 
 
 I'alouette the lark 
 
 le merle the blackbird 
 
 le coq .the rooster 
 
 GRAMMAIRE 
 
 In this lesson we have made frequent use ct 
 the future tense. In most cases, the future tense 
 is formed, in French, by adding the endings: ai — 
 as — a — ons — ez — ont to the infinitive of the 
 verbs. 
 
 Future of some verbs of the different conjugations 
 
 Manger — to eat 
 Je mangerai Nous mangerons 
 
 Tu mangeras Vous mangerez 
 
 II mangera lis mangeront 
 
 Dormir — to sleep 
 Je dormirai Nous dormirons 
 
 Tu dormiras Vous dormirez 
 
 II dormira lis dormiront 
 
 Parti r — to leave, to go away 
 Je partirai Nous partirons 
 
 Tu partiras Vous partirez 
 
 II partira lis partiront 
 
78 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Quitter — to leave, quit 
 Je quitterai Nous quitterons 
 
 Tu quitteras Vous quitterez 
 
 II quittera lis quitteront 
 
 Faire — to make 
 
 Pouvoir — can, to be able to 
 
 Aller — to go 
 
 Etre — to be 
 also Avoir — to have 
 
 are irregularly formed, still the endings are al- 
 ways "rai", "ras", "ra", etc. 
 
 Avoir — to have etre — to be 
 
 Future Future 
 
 J'aurai Je serai 
 
 Tu auras Tu seras 
 
 II aura II sera 
 
 Nous aurons Nous serons 
 
 Vous aurez Vous serez 
 
 lis auront lis seront 
 
 II y aura (there will be) 
 
 Pouvoir (Future) Aller 
 
 Je pourrai J'irai 
 
 Tu pourras Tu iras 
 
 II pourra II ira 
 
 Nous pourrons Nous irons 
 
 Vous pourrez Vous irez 
 
 lis pourront lis iront 
 
 Faire Retenir — to keep back 
 
 Je ferai Je retiendrai 
 
 Tu feras Tu retiendras 
 
 II fera II retiendra 
 
 Nous ferons Nous retiendrons 
 
 Vous ferez Vous retiendrez 
 
 lis feront lis retiendront 
 
 Before names of countries and cities, "to" and 
 "in" are translated thus: 
 
 1. "En" before names of countries of the fem- 
 inine gender. 
 
 Ex.: En France 
 En Italie 
 En Espagne • 
 
 2. "Au" before names of countries of the mas- 
 culine gender. 
 
 Ex.: Au Japon 
 Au Perou 
 Au BrSsil 
 Aux fitats-Unis. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 79 
 
 3. Before names of cities "a" is used. 
 Ex.: a Paris 
 a Rome 
 a Londres 
 
 Some names take the article before it. 
 Ex.: Le Caire — au Caire 
 La Haye — a la Haye 
 Le Havre — au Havre 
 
 A few prepositions: 
 
 a to, at 
 
 de of — from 
 
 pour for, in order to 
 
 chez at (the house, place of) 
 
 sans without 
 
 avec with 
 
 sur on 
 
 sous . under 
 
 avant before (time) 
 
 devant before (place) 
 
 apres after 
 
 afin de in order to, so as to 
 
 cjans in (with the article) 
 
 en in 
 
 Ex.: dans le magasin — in the store 
 en magasin — in store (stock) 
 dans la voiture — in the carriage 
 en voiture — in a carriage (by means of) 
 dans la ville — in the town 
 en ville — in town 
 
 "Chez" can only be used before names of people, 
 
 never of things — 
 Ex.: chez mon pere — at my father's 
 
 chez le banquier — at the banker's 
 
 "Chez" is never used before names of places — 
 things. — One should in these cases use: a, 
 au, a la. 
 
 Ex.: a la banque — at the bank 
 au theatre — at the theater 
 au Louvre — at the Louvre 
 au magasin — at the store 
 chez Monsieur B. — at Mr. B's. 
 chez mon pere — at my father's 
 chez le banquier — at the banker's 
 chez Wanamaker at Wanamaker's 
 
80 "OUR METHOD' 
 
 ONZIEME LEgON 
 Eleventh Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 LES EMPLETTES — Shopping 
 
 Quels sont vos projets pour aujourd'hui? 
 
 What are your plans for today? 
 
 J'aurais des courses a faire. 
 
 I have (should have) errands to do. 
 
 Je voudrais faire des emplettes. 
 
 I would like to do some shopping. 
 
 J'aurais quelques achats a faire. 
 
 I have (should have) some purchases to make. 
 
 Dans quel magasin voudriez-vous aller? 
 
 In what store would you like to go? 
 
 Allons au Louvre d'abord, puis nous irons 
 au Bon Marche. 
 
 Let us go to the Louvre, then we will go to the Bon 
 
 Marche. 
 
 Pourriez-vous m'y conduire? 
 
 Could you take me there? 
 
 Je serais enchante de vous rendre ce service. 
 
 I would be delighted to do you that favor. 
 
 Nous voici arrives au Louvre. 
 
 Here we are at the Louvre. 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous voulez acheter? 
 
 What do you wish to buy? 
 
 Que vous faut-il? 
 Qu'est-ce qu'il vous faut? 
 
 What do you require (need)? 
 
 II me faut de la parfumerie. 
 
 I need some perfumery. 
 
 II me faudrait des chaussettes, des chemises 
 
 et des calegons. 
 
 I would need some socks, some shirts and drawers. 
 
 De quelle grandeur? 
 
 What size? 
 
 Prenez mes mesures, je vous prie. 
 
 Take my measure, I pray. 
 
 Combien vendez-vous ces chaussettes? 
 
 How much do you sell these socks? 
 
 Quel est le prix de ces chemises? 
 
 What is the price of these shirts? 
 
'OUR METHOD" 
 
 Combien coutent ces calegons? 
 
 How much do these drawers cost? 
 
 C'est cher; je voudrais quelque chose d( 
 meilleur marche. 
 
 It is dear; I would like something cheaper. 
 
 Ou est le rayon des cravates? Et celui dej 
 gants? 
 
 Where is the tie counler and that of the gloves? 
 
 En face de vous. 
 
 Opposite you. 
 
 Je voudrais une cravate de soie noire et un( 
 en satin blanc; montrez-moi une La 
 valliere bleu marine a pois blancs. 
 
 I would like a black silk tie and a white satin one 
 show me a navy blue with white dots. 
 
 En avez-vous des rayees, claires et foncees' 
 
 Have you light and dark striped ones? 
 
 Je voudrais des noeuds tout faits. 
 
 I would like ready-made ties. 
 
 Quels gants desirez-vous? 
 
 What gloves do you wish? 
 
 J'en veux une paire de suede et une en peai 
 glacee de nuance claire. 
 
 I want a pair of suede (undressed) and a pair o 
 dressed kid of light shade. 
 
 Essayez-moi cette paire. 
 
 Try (me) on this pair. 
 
 Elle ne me va pas. Elle me gene. 
 
 It does not fit me. — It is uncomfortable for me. 
 
 Elle est trop etroite. 
 
 It is too narrow. 
 
 Elargissez-la. 
 
 Stretch it. 
 
 Essayez une autre paire. 
 
 Try on another pair. 
 
 Celle-ci me va bien. 
 
 This one fits me. 
 
 Combien est-ce? 
 
 How much is it? 
 
 Envoyez-la moi avec la facture. 
 
 Send it to me with the bill. 
 
 Je payerai comptant. 
 
 I will pay cash. 
 
82 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Desirez-vous autre chose? 
 
 Do you wish anything else? 
 
 Des mouchoirs avec chiffre brode. 
 
 Handkerchiefs with embroidered letters (initial). 
 
 Je voudrais entrer encore chez un chapelier 
 et chez un cordonnier. 
 
 I would yet like to enter a hatter's store and a shoe 
 store. 
 
 Montrez-moi ce chapeau mou; ce chapeau 
 de feutre qui est a la vitrine. 
 
 Show me this soft felt hat; this felt hat which is in 
 the window. 
 
 Les bords sont trop larges. 
 
 The brim's are too wide. 
 
 Quels souliers voulez-vous? 
 
 What shoes do you wish? 
 
 Une paire de bottines a lacets, a boutons, a 
 bouts vernis, aussi une paire d'escar- 
 pins. 
 
 A pair of laced and buttoned shoes, with pattern 
 leather tips, also a pair of pumps. 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 le magasin the store 
 
 la boutique the shop 
 
 le rayon the department 
 
 les etageres the shelves 
 
 le comptoir the counter 
 
 la caisse the cashier's office 
 
 la soierie the silks 
 
 le velours the velvets 
 
 le satin the satin 
 
 les etoffes the materials 
 
 le coton the cotton goods 
 
 les lainages — laine the woolen goods, wool 
 
 la toile linen goods 
 
 le chapeau the hat 
 
 le costume the suit 
 
 le pardessus the overcoat 
 
 le gilet the vest 
 
 les gants the gloves 
 
 les chaussures the shoes 
 
 la mercerie the notions 
 
 la chaTne the chain 
 
 la montre the watch 
 
 la couturiere the dressmaker 
 
 la robe the dress 
 
"OUR METHOD' 83 
 
 la jupe the skirt 
 
 le corsage the waist 
 
 la manche the sleeve 
 
 la ceinture the belt 
 
 le col the collar 
 
 la doublure the lining 
 
 le jupon the underskirt 
 
 mettre un bouton sew on a button 
 
 mettre une agrafe sew on a hook 
 
 la lingerie the underwear 
 
 la chemise the chemise 
 
 le corset the corset 
 
 les bretelles the suspenders 
 
 les jarretieres the garters 
 
 raccommoder to mend 
 
 repriser to darn 
 
 le raccommodage mending 
 
 la reprise the darn 
 
 rectifier to alter 
 
 rectifications alterations 
 
 le manteau the cloak 
 
 GRAMMAIRE 
 A few conjunctions: 
 
 mais but 
 
 et and 
 
 ou or 
 
 si if 
 
 ni, ni neither, nor 
 
 jusque until 
 
 car for, because 
 
 puisque as, since (causal) 
 
 depuis since (time) 
 
 comme as, like 
 
 ainsi thus 
 
 aussi also — as 
 
 pourquoi why 
 
 parceque because 
 
 que that 
 
 Quand when 
 
 A few adverbs: 
 
 ou — la. — y where — there — there 
 
 bien well 
 
 mal bad, badly 
 
 beaucoup (de) much, many 
 
 peu (de) few, little 
 
 plus (de) more 
 
 moins Me) . less 
 
 assez (de) ... enough 
 
 ne plus no more 
 
84 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 maintenant now 
 
 trop (de) too much, too many 
 
 autant (de) as much, as many 
 
 combien (de) how much, how many 
 
 dessus above, over 
 
 dessous below, underneath 
 
 simplement simply 
 
 and all those obtained by adding "ment" to th 
 adjective: "joliment". 
 
 "Conditional" of the verbs used in this lesson: 
 This tense is formed by adding: ais, ais, ait, ions 
 iez, aient to the infinitive. 
 
 Aimer — to love, like 
 
 J'aimerais I would like 
 
 tu aimerais thou wouldst like 
 
 il aimerait he would like 
 
 nous aimerions we would like 
 
 vous aimeriez you would like 
 
 ils aimeraient they would like 
 
 Avoir (irregular) 
 
 J'aurais I would (should) have 
 
 tu aurais thou wouldst have 
 
 il aurait he would have 
 
 nous aurions we would have 
 
 vous auriez you would have 
 
 ils auraient they would have 
 
 il y aurait there would be 
 
 £tre (irregular) 
 
 Je serais I would be, I should be 
 
 tu serais thou wouldst be 
 
 il serait he would be 
 
 nous serions we would be 
 
 vous seriez you would be 
 
 ils seraient they would be 
 
 Vouloir — wish 
 
 Je voudrais I would wish, like 
 
 tu voudrais thou wouldst wish, lik 
 
 il voudrait he would wish, like 
 
 nous voudrions we would wish, like 
 
 vous voudriez you would wish, like 
 
 ils voudraient they would wish, like 
 
 Pouvoir — to be able, could 
 
 Je pourrais I could, I would be able 
 
 tu pourrais thou couldst 
 
 il pourrait he could 
 
 nous pourrions we could 
 
 vous pourriez you could 
 
 ils pourraient they could 
 
OUR METHOD' ' 
 
 85 
 
 VERB SECTION 
 
 AIMER — TO LIKE, TO LOVE 
 1st Conjugation 
 
 Verbs of the 1st conjugation end in "ER" and are 
 conjugated as follows (when regular) : 
 
 Temps simples 
 Present 
 
 I love, I am loving 
 J'aime 
 
 Tu aimes 
 
 II (elle) aime 
 Nous aimons 
 Vous aimez 
 lis aiment 
 
 Imparfait 
 
 I loved, I used to love, 
 I was loving 
 
 J'aimais 
 Tu aimais 
 
 II (elle) aimait 
 Nous aimions 
 Vous aimiez 
 lis aimaient 
 
 Passe defini 
 
 (narrative past) 
 
 I loved or liked, I did 
 like 
 
 J'aimai 
 Tu aimas 
 
 II aima 
 
 Nous aimames 
 Vous aimates 
 lis aimerent 
 
 Temps composes 
 Passe Indefini 
 
 I have loved, I did love 
 J'ai aime 
 
 Tu as aime 
 
 II a aime 
 
 Nous avons aime 
 Vous avez aime 
 Ms ont aime 
 
 Plus-que-Parfait 
 
 I had loved 
 
 J'avais aime 
 Tu avais aime 
 
 II avait aime 
 Nous avions aime 
 Vous aviez aime 
 Ms avaient aime 
 
 Passe anterleur 
 
 I had loved 
 
 J'eus aime 
 Tu eus aime 
 
 II eut aime 
 Nous eumes aime 
 Vous eutes aime 
 Ms eurent aime 
 
 FUTUR 
 
 Present 
 
 I shall or will love 
 
 J'aimerai 
 Tu aimeras 
 
 II aimera 
 Nous aimerons 
 Vous aimerez 
 Ms aimeront 
 
 Futur Anterieur 
 
 I shall or will have 
 liked 
 
 J'aurai aime 
 Tu auras aime 
 
 II aura aime 
 Nous aurons aime 
 Vous aurez aime 
 Ms auront aime 
 
"OUR METHOD" 
 
 CONDITIONNEL 
 Present 
 I should or would love 
 
 J'aimerais 
 Tu aimerais 
 II aimerait 
 Nous aimerions 
 Vous aimeriez 
 Us aimeraient 
 
 love (thou) 
 Aime 
 
 Passe 
 
 I should or would have 
 liked 
 
 J'aurais aime 
 Tu aurais aime 
 
 II aurait aime 
 Nous aurions aime 
 Vous auriez aime 
 Ms auraient aime 
 
 IMPeRATIF 
 let us love 
 Aimons 
 
 love (you) 
 Aimez 
 
 Present 
 that I may love 
 Que j'aime 
 Que tu aimes 
 Qu'il aime 
 Que nous aimions 
 Que vous aimiez 
 Qu'ils aiment 
 
 Imparfait 
 that I might love 
 Que j'aimasse 
 Que tu aimasses 
 Qu'il aimat 
 Que nous aimassions 
 Que vous aimassiez 
 Qu'ils aimassent 
 
 Present 
 to love, to like 
 Aimer 
 
 SUBJONCTIP 
 
 Passe 
 that I may have loved 
 Que j'aie aime 
 Que tu aies aime 
 Qu'il ait aime 
 Que nous ayons aime 
 Que vous ayez aime 
 Qu'ils aient aime 
 
 Plus-que-Parfait 
 that I might have loved 
 que j'eusse aime 
 que tu eusses aime 
 qu'il eiit aime 
 que nous eussions aime 
 que vous eussiez aime 
 qu'ils eussent aime 
 
 INFINITIF 
 
 Passe 
 Avoir aime 
 to have loved 
 
 PARTICIPE 
 
 Present 
 loving 
 Aimant 
 Some verbs conjugated 
 
 much in use — 
 agreer — to agree 
 accepter — to accept 
 allumer — ■ to light 
 accuser — to accuse 
 accompagner — to 
 
 accompany 
 
 Passe 
 loved, having loved 
 Aime, ayant aime 
 
 in the same manner and 
 
 desirer — to wish 
 demeurer — to live 
 emporter — to carry 
 
 away 
 etonner — to astonish 
 entrer — • to enter 
 
"OUR METHOD" 
 
 87 
 
 admirer — to admire 
 adresser — to address 
 approcher — to approach 
 arriver — to arrive 
 attirer — to attract 
 appeler — to call 
 bailler — to yawn 
 bruler — to burn 
 brosser — to brush 
 changer — to change 
 che re her — to fetch, get 
 causer — to talk 
 cesser — to cease 
 crier — to scream 
 cultiver — to cultivate 
 couper — ■ to cut 
 compter — to count 
 couter — to cost 
 copier — to copy 
 danser — to dance 
 casser — to break 
 cacher — to hide 
 chanter — to sing 
 dejeuner — to break- 
 fast 
 demander — to ask 
 depenser — to spend 
 
 gagner — - to earn, win 
 jouer — to play 
 jeter — to throw 
 laisser — to leave, let 
 monter — to go up 
 marcher — to walk 
 marquer — to mark 
 noyer — to drown 
 oser — to dare 
 passer — ■ to pass 
 pousser — to push 
 pleurer — to cry 
 placer — to place 
 partager — to share 
 payer — to pay 
 rester — to stay 
 repeter — to repeat 
 retourner — to come, 
 
 go back 
 sauver — to save 
 sauter — to jump 
 trouver — to find 
 trembler — to tremble 
 travail ler — to work 
 voyager — to travel 
 voler — to fly, to steal 
 
 Verbs of this conjugation having a silent "e" be- 
 fore the last syllable, like semer (to sow), 
 lever (to raise), change that "e" into an open 
 "e" before a mute syllable. 
 
 Ex.: je seme (I sow) — je semerai (I will sow) 
 je leve (I raise) — je leverai (I will raise) 
 
 Some verbs ending in eler and eter, instead of 
 changing the silent e into an open e, double 
 the "I" or the "t" before a mute syllable. 
 
 Ex.: appeler (to call) — j'appelle, nous appelons 
 jeter (to throw) — je jette, nous jetons 
 
 Verbs in 
 Ex.: 
 
 "yer" change y into i before a silent e: 
 j'essuie — I wipe. 
 
88 
 
 "OUR METHOD 
 
 FINIR — TO FINISH, TO END 
 2nd Conjugation 
 
 Verbs of the second conjugation end in "IR". 
 The regular verbs of that conjugation are thus 
 formed : 
 
 INDICATIF 
 
 Temps simples 
 Present 
 
 I finish, I am finishing, 
 I do finish 
 
 Je finis 
 Tu finis 
 
 II (elle) finit 
 Nous finissons 
 Vous finissez 
 lis finissent 
 
 Imparfait 
 
 I finished, I used to 
 finish, I was finishing 
 
 Je finissais 
 Tu finissais 
 
 II finissait 
 Nous finissions 
 Vous finissiez 
 lis finissaient 
 
 Passe defini 
 (narrative past) 
 
 I finished, I did finish 
 Je finis 
 
 Tu finis 
 
 II finit 
 
 Nous finlmes 
 Vous finttes 
 lis finirent 
 
 Temps composes 
 Passe Indefini 
 
 I have finished 
 
 J'ai fini 
 Tu as fini 
 
 II a fini 
 
 Nous avons fini 
 Vous avez fini 
 lis ont fini 
 
 Plus-que-Partait 
 
 I had finished 
 
 J'avais fini 
 Tu avais fini 
 
 II avait fini 
 Nous avions fini 
 Vous aviez fini 
 Ms avaient fini 
 
 Passe anterieur 
 
 I had finished 
 J'eus fini 
 
 Tu eus fini 
 
 II eut fini 
 Nous eumes fini 
 Vous eutes fini 
 Ms eurent fini 
 
 FUTUR 
 
 Present 
 
 I will or shall finish 
 
 Je finirai 
 Tu finiras 
 
 II finira 
 Nous finirons 
 Vous finirez 
 Ms finiront 
 
 Futur Anterieur 
 
 I shall or will have 
 finished 
 
 J'aurai fini 
 Tu auras fini 
 
 II aura fini 
 Nous aurons fini 
 Vous aurez fini 
 Ms auront fini 
 
'OUR METHOD 
 
 89 
 
 CONDITIONNEL 
 
 Present 
 
 I should or would finish 
 
 Je finirais 
 Tu finirais 
 
 II finirait 
 Nous finirions 
 Vous finiriez 
 Ms finiraient 
 
 Passe 
 
 I should or would have 
 finished 
 
 J'aurais fini 
 Tu aurais fini 
 
 II aurait fini 
 Nous aurions fint 
 Vous auriez fini 
 Ms auraient fini 
 
 Finish (thou) 
 Finis 
 
 IMP6RATIF 
 Let us finish 
 Finissons 
 
 SUBJONCTIF 
 
 Finish (you) 
 Finissez 
 
 Present 
 that I may finish 
 
 Que je finisse 
 Que tu finisses 
 Qu'il (elle) finisse 
 Que nous finissions 
 Que vous finissiez 
 Qu'ils finissent 
 
 Imparfait 
 that I might finish 
 
 Que je finisse 
 Que tu finisses 
 Qu'il fintt 
 
 Que nous finissions 
 Que vous finissiez 
 Qu'ils finissent 
 
 Passe 
 
 that I may have fin- 
 ished 
 
 Que j'aie fini 
 
 Que tu aies fini 
 
 Qu'il ait fini 
 
 Que nous ayons fini 
 
 Que vous ayez fini > 
 
 Qu'ils aient fini 
 
 Plus-que-Parfait 
 
 that I might have fin- 
 ished 
 
 Que j'eusse fini 
 
 Que tu eusses fini 
 
 Qu'il eut fini 
 
 Que nous eussions fini 
 
 Que vous eussiez fini 
 
 Qu'ils eussent fini 
 
 Present 
 
 Finir 
 to finish 
 
 INFINITIF 
 
 Passe 
 Avoir fini 
 to have finished 
 
 PARTICIPE 
 Present Passe 
 
 finishing finished 
 
 having finished 
 Finissant Fini, ayant fini 
 
 Notice the "iss' which appears in almost all the 
 tenses of this conjugation: finissons, finissez, 
 etc. All the regular verbs of this conjugation 
 are formed in the same manner: 
 
90 
 
 'OUR METHOD 
 
 punir — to punish 
 benir — to bless 
 accomplir — to accom- 
 plish 
 agir — ■ to act 
 applaudir — ■ to applaud 
 agrandir — to enlarge, 
 assortir — to match 
 blanchir — to whiten 
 batir — to build 
 choisir — to choose 
 desobeir — to disobey 
 demolir — ■ to demolish 
 guerir — ■ to cure 
 grandir — to grow tall 
 grossir — to grow stout 
 etablir — to establish 
 
 unir — to unite 
 reunir — to reunite 
 reussir — to succeed 
 enrichir — - to enrich 
 nourrir — to feed 
 obeir — to obey 
 punir — to punish 
 palir — to grow pale 
 ha'ir — to hate 
 salir — to soil 
 saisir — ■ to seize 
 trahir — to betray 
 remplir — to fill 
 rotir — to roast 
 reussir — ■ to succeed 
 unir, reunir — to unite 
 vieillir — to grow old 
 
 3rd Conjugation 
 Verbs of the third conjugation end in "OIR". 
 Recevoir — To receive 
 INDICATIF 
 
 Temps simples 
 
 Simple tenses 
 
 Present 
 
 I receive, I do receive 
 
 I am receiving 
 Je r ego is 
 
 Tu regois 
 
 II (elle) regoit 
 Nous recevons 
 Vous recevez 
 lis regoivent 
 
 Imparfait 
 I received 
 I was receiving 
 
 I used to receive 
 Je recevais 
 
 Tu recevais 
 
 II recevait 
 Nous recevions 
 Vous receviez 
 
 Ms (elles) recevaient 
 
 Temps composes 
 Compound tenses 
 Passe Indefini 
 I have received 
 
 I did receive 
 J'ai regu 
 
 Tu as regu 
 
 II a regu 
 
 Nous avons regu 
 Vous avez regu 
 Us ont regu 
 
 Plus-que-Parfait 
 
 I had received 
 
 J'avais regu 
 Tu avais regu 
 
 II avait regu 
 Nous avions regu 
 Vous aviez regu 
 lis avaient regu 
 
OUR M E T H O D" 
 
 91 
 
 Passe Defini 
 (narrative past) 
 
 I received 
 Je regus 
 Tu regus 
 
 II recut 
 Nous regumes 
 Vous regQtes 
 lis regurent 
 
 Passe Anterieur 
 
 I had received 
 J'eus regu 
 
 Tu eus regu 
 
 II eut regu 
 Nous eumes regu 
 Vous eutes regu 
 Us eurent regu 
 
 FUTUR 
 
 Present 
 
 I shall or will receive 
 
 Je recevrai 
 Tu recevras 
 
 II recevra 
 Nous recevrons 
 Vous recevrez 
 Ms recevront 
 
 Futur Anterieur 
 
 I shall or will have re- 
 ceived 
 
 J'aurai regu 
 Tu auras regu 
 
 II aura regu 
 Nous aurons regu 
 Vous aurez regu 
 lis auront regu 
 
 CONDITIONNEL 
 
 Present 
 
 I should or would 
 ceive 
 
 Je recevrais 
 Tu recevrais 
 
 II recevrait 
 Nous recevrions 
 vous recevriez 
 lis recevraient 
 
 Passe 
 
 I should or would have 
 received 
 
 J'aurais regu 
 Tu aurais regu 
 
 II aurait regu 
 Nous aurions regu 
 Vous auriez regu 
 lis auraient regu 
 
 Receive 
 Regois 
 
 IMPeRATIP 
 Let us receive 
 Recevons 
 
 receive (you) 
 Recevez 
 
 STJBJONCTIF 
 
 Present 
 
 That I may receive 
 
 que je regoive 
 que tu regoives 
 qu'il regoive 
 que nous recevions 
 que vous receviez 
 qu'ils regoivent 
 
 Passe 
 That I may have re- 
 ceived 
 que j'aie regu 
 que tu aies regu 
 qu'il ait regu 
 que nous ayons regu 
 que vous ayez regu 
 qu'ils aient regu 
 
92 
 
 OUR METHOD" 
 
 Imparfait 
 that I might receive 
 
 que je recusse 
 que tu recusses 
 qu'il recut 
 que nous regussions 
 que vous recussiez 
 qu'ils regussent 
 
 Plus-que-Parfait 
 that I might have re- 
 ceived 
 que j'eusse regu 
 que tu eusses recu 
 qu'il eut regu 
 que nous eussions recu 
 que vous eussiez regu 
 qu'ils eussent recu 
 
 Present 
 to receive 
 recevoir 
 
 INFINITIF 
 
 Passe 
 to have received 
 avoir regu 
 
 Present 
 receiving 
 
 Recevant 
 
 PARTICIPE 
 
 Passe 
 received 
 having received 
 regu — ayant regu 
 
 Devoir (to owe) — which is conjugated in the 
 same manner as "recevoir" — is used thus: 
 
 Je dois — I owe — I must — I am to 
 Je devais — I was to, I owed 
 J'ai du — I had to — I must have 
 Je devrais — I ought to 
 J'aurais du — I ought to have 
 
 Ex.: Je dois y aller ce soir 
 
 I am to go there to-night 
 
 Je devais y aller — I was to go there 
 
 J'ai du y aller — I had to go there 
 
 J'ai du Poublier — I must have forgotten it 
 
 Je devrais y aller — I ought to go there 
 
 J'aurais du y aSler — 
 
 I ought to have gone there 
 
 The only other verbs conjugated in the same 
 manner : 
 
 rede voir — to owe again 
 concevoir — to conceive 
 decevoir — to deceive 
 
 apercevoir — to perceive 
 
 to get a glimpse of 
 
 percevoir — to perceive 
 
 to collect (tax) 
 
"OUR M E T H O D" 
 
 93 
 
 4th Conjugation 
 Verbs of the fourth conjugation end in ''RE". 
 
 Vendre 
 
 to sell 
 
 INDICATIF 
 
 Temps simples 
 Present 
 
 I sell, do sell, I am 
 selling 
 
 Je vends 
 Tu vends 
 
 II vend 
 
 Nous vendons 
 Vous vendez 
 Ms vendent 
 
 Imparfait 
 
 I sold, I was selling 
 I used to sell 
 
 Je vendais 
 Tu vendais 
 
 II vendait 
 Nous vendions 
 Vous vendiez 
 lis vendaient 
 
 Passe Defini 
 (narrative past. 
 
 I sold 
 
 Je vendis 
 Tu vendis 
 
 II vendit 
 Nous vendtmes 
 Vous vendites 
 Ms vendirent 
 
 Temps composes 
 Passe Indefini 
 
 I have sold 
 
 J'ai vendu 
 Tu as vendu 
 
 II a vendu 
 
 Nous avons vendu 
 Vous avez vendu 
 Ms ont vendu 
 
 Plus-que-Parfait 
 
 I had sold 
 
 J'avais vendu 
 Tu avais vendu 
 
 II avait vendu 
 Nous avions vendu 
 Vous aviez vendu 
 Ms avaient vendu 
 
 Passe Anterieur 
 
 I had sold 
 J'eus vendu 
 Tu eus vendu 
 
 II eut vendu 
 Nous eumes vendu 
 Vous eutes vendu 
 Ms eurent vendu 
 
 FUTUR 
 
 Present 
 ♦ I shall or will sell 
 
 Je vendrai 
 Tu vendras 
 II vendra 
 Nous vendrons 
 Vous vendrez 
 Ms vendront 
 
 Futur Anterieur 
 
 I shall or will have sold 
 
 J'aurai vendu 
 Tu auras vendu 
 
 II aura vendu 
 Nous aurons vendu 
 Vous aurez vendu 
 Ms auront vendu 
 
94 
 
 "OUR METHOD' 
 
 CONDITIONNEL 
 
 Present 
 
 I should or would sell 
 
 Je vendrais 
 Tu vendrais 
 
 II vendrait 
 Nous vendrions 
 Vous vendriez 
 Ms vendraient 
 
 Passe 
 
 I should or would have 
 sold 
 
 J'aurais vendu 
 Tu aurais vendu 
 
 II aurait vendu 
 Nous aurions vendu 
 Vous auriez vendu 
 Ms auraient vendu 
 
 Vends — ■ sell 
 Vendons — let us sell 
 
 Present 
 that I may sell 
 que je vende 
 que tu vendes 
 qu'il vende 
 que nous vendions 
 que vous vendiez 
 qu'ils vendent 
 
 Imparfait 
 that I might sell 
 que je vendisse 
 que tu vendisses 
 qu'il vendtt 
 que nous vendissions 
 que vous vendissiez 
 qu'ils vendissent 
 
 Present 
 to sell 
 Vendre 
 
 Present 
 selling 
 Vendant 
 
 IMPfiRATIF 
 
 Vendez 
 
 sell (you) 
 
 Passe 
 That I may have sold 
 que j'aie vendu 
 que tu aies vendu 
 qu'il ait vendu 
 que nous ayons vendu 
 que vous ayez vendu 
 qu'ils aient vendu 
 
 PlUS-que-Parfait 
 That I might have sold 
 que j'eusse vendu 
 que tu eusses vendu 
 qu'il eut vendu 
 que nous eussionsvendu 
 que vous eussiez vendu 
 qu'ils eussent vendu 
 
 INFINITIF Passe 
 to have sold 
 avoir vendu 
 PARTICIPE Passe 
 
 sold, having sold 
 Vendu (e), ayant vendu 
 
 Some verbs conjugated in the same manner: 
 descendre — to go down tendre — to stretch 
 
 to descend 
 defendre — to defend 
 to forbid 
 entendre — to hear 
 etendre — to spread 
 fond re — to melt 
 fend re — to split 
 interrom presto interrupt 
 mordre .— r to bite 
 pretendre \— to pretend 
 
 out, to extend 
 suspendre — to suspend 
 perdre — to lose 
 rendre — to give back; 
 
 to return 
 repandre — to spread, 
 to scatter 
 repondre — to answer 
 rompre — to break 
 attend re — ■ to wait 
 
OUR METHOD 
 
 95 
 
 VERBES IRREGULIERS 
 IRREGULAR VERBS 
 
 1st Conjugation 
 Aller — to go 
 Ind. Pres.: Je vais, tu vas, il va, allons, allez, vont 
 Imparf.: J'allais 
 P. defini: j'allai, tu alias 
 Futur: J'irai 
 
 Cond.: J'irais 
 
 Imperatif: Va, allons, allez 
 Subj. Pres.: Que j'aille, s, e, allions, ez, aillent 
 Imp. Que j'allasse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Allant 
 P. Passe: £tant alle 
 P. Ind.: Je suis alle 
 
 Conjugate in the same way:S'en aller — to go 
 away — in the pronominal form. 
 Ex.: Je m'en vais, tu t'en vas, nous nous en allons 
 
 Je m'en allais — nous nous en allions 
 
 P. def.: Je m'en allai 
 
 Fut.: Je m'en irai 
 
 Cond.: Je m'en irais 
 
 Imper.: Va-t'en, al Ions-nous en, allez-vous en 
 
 Subj. Pres. Que je m'en aille 
 
 Imparf.: Que je m'en allasse 
 
 Part. Pres.: S'en allant 
 
 P. Passe: S'en etant alle 
 
 P. Ind.: Je m'en suis alle 
 
 Vous vous en etes alles 
 
 Aller chercher go and get 
 
 aller voir go and see 
 
 aller dire go and tell 
 
 aller en voiture ride 
 
 aller a cheval horseback 
 
 aller en chemin de fer. .. by railway 
 
 Envoyer — to send 
 
 J'envoie, nous envoyons, i Is envoient 
 
 J'envoyais 
 
 J'envoyai 
 
 J'enverrai 
 
 J'enverrais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que j'envoie, que nous envoyions 
 Imp.: Que j'envoyasse 
 
 Part. Pres: Envoyani :. — ■ 
 P. Pass§: Ayant envoys 
 
 Ind. Pres.: 
 Imparf. : 
 P. d6fini: 
 Futur : 
 Cond.: 
 
96 
 
 OUR METHOD" 
 
 2nd Conjugation 
 
 Sortir — to go out 
 
 Ind. Pres.: Je sors, nous sortons 
 
 Imparf. : Je sortais 
 
 P. defini: Je sortis 
 
 Futur: Je sortirai 
 
 Cond.: Je sortirais 
 
 Subj. Pres. Que je sorte 
 
 Imp.: Que je sortisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Sortant 
 
 P. Passe: Sorti, etant sorti (je suis sorti) 
 In the same way: 
 
 Partir — start (etre) 
 Sentir — feel, smell (avoir) 
 Mentir — to lie (avoir) 
 Dormir — sleep (avoir) 
 Ressentir — feel, experience 
 Dementir — to deny 
 S'endormir — fall asleep (etre) 
 Se repentir — repent 
 Servir — serve (avoir) 
 
 Ind. Pres.: 
 Imparf.: 
 P. defini: 
 Putur: 
 Cond.: 
 
 lez, 
 
 Venir — to come 
 Je viens, s, t, venons, viennent 
 Je venais 
 
 Je vins, nous vinmes, tes, rent 
 Je viendrai 
 Je viendrais 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je vienne, s, e, venions, 
 
 iennent 
 Imp.: Que je vinsse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Venant 
 P. Passe: etant venu, je suis venu 
 Conjugate in the same way: 
 
 Revenir — return (etre) 
 Devenir — become (etre) 
 Se souvenir — remember (etre) 
 Convenir — suit (avoir) 
 Convenir — agree (etre) 
 Circon venir — get around (avoir) 
 parvenir — succeed, reach (etre) 
 tenir — hold (avoir) 
 entretenir — keep up (avoir) 
 retenir — retain (avoir) 
 soutenir — support (avoir) 
 appartenir — belong (avoir) 
 maintenir — maintain (avoir) 
 Contenir — contain (avoir) 
 
"OUR METHOD' 
 
 97 
 
 Ouvrir — Open 
 
 Ind. Pres.: J'ouvre, es, e, ouvrons, ez, ent 
 
 Imparf.: J'ouvrais 
 
 P. defini: J'ouvris 
 
 Futur: J'ouvrirai. Cond.: J'ouvrirais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que j'ouvre, que nous ouvrions 
 
 Imp.: Que j'ouvrisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Ouvrant 
 
 P. Passe: Ayant ouvert (j'ai ouvert) 
 In the same way: 
 
 Entr'ouvrir — open a little (avoir) 
 Couvrir — cover (avoir) 
 Recouvrir — cover again (avoir) 
 Decouvrir — discover, uncover (avoir) 
 Offrir — to offer (avoir) 
 Souffrir — suffer (avoir) 
 
 Courir — run 
 Ind. Pres.: Je cours, s, t, ons, ez, ent 
 Imparf.: Je courais 
 P. defini: Je courus 
 Futur: Je courrai 
 
 Cond.: Je courrais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je coure 
 Imp.: Que je courusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Courant 
 P. Passe: Couru, ayant couru 
 
 Accourir — to run to 
 
 Concourir — to compete 
 
 Discourir — to discourse 
 
 Parcourir — run over 
 
 Recourir — have recourse 
 
 Secourir — to succor 
 
 Cueillir — pick, gather 
 
 Je cueille, nous cueillons 
 
 Je cueillais 
 
 Je cueillis, nous cueillimes 
 
 Je cueillerai Cond.: Je cueillerais 
 
 Que je cueille 
 
 Que je cueillisse 
 
 Cueillant 
 
 Ayant cueilli 
 Accueillir — to greet 
 Recueillir — to collect, gather 
 Se recueillir — to collect one's thoughts 
 to meditate 
 
 Ind. Pres.: 
 Imparf. : 
 P. defini: 
 Futur : 
 Subj. Pres. 
 Imp.: 
 
 Part. Pr6s. 
 P. Passe: 
 
98 
 
 'OUR METHO D" 
 
 Assaillir (assail) and Tressaillir (start) differ 
 in the future, where the "i" is retained: 
 Je tressaillirai 
 J'assaillirai 
 
 Ind. Pres. 
 
 Imparf . : 
 P. defini: 
 Futur: 
 
 Conquerir — Conquer 
 Je conquiers, s, t, conquerons, ez, i Is 
 conquierent 
 Je conquerais 
 Je conquis 
 
 Je conquerrai Cond.: Je eonquerrais 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je conquiere, conquerions, con- 
 quierent 
 Imp.: Que je conquisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Conquerant 
 P. Passe: Ayant conquis, j'ai conquis 
 Acquerir — acquire 
 S'enquerir — enquire 
 Requerir — require 
 
 Querir — fetch (only used in the in- 
 finitive 
 Ex.: Allez querir — go fetch 
 
 Mourir — die 
 Je meurs, mourons, ez, ils meurent 
 
 Ind. Pres. 
 Imparf. : 
 P. defini: 
 Futur : 
 
 Je mourais 
 Je mourus 
 
 Je mourrai Cond.: Je mourrais 
 
 meure, mourions, qu'ils 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je 
 meurent 
 
 Imp.: Que je mourusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Mourant 
 
 P. Passe.: Etant mort, il est mort 
 Mourir de faim — starve 
 Mourir de peur — die with fright 
 
 Bouillir — boil 
 Je bous, nous bouillons, ez, bouillent 
 Je bouillais 
 Je bouillis 
 
 Je bouillirai Cond.: Je boulllirais 
 
 Que je bouille 
 Que je bouillisse 
 Bouillant 
 Ayant bou i i It 
 Ayant bouilli, j'ai bouilli 
 
 Ind. Pres.: 
 Imparf. : 
 P. defini: 
 Futur : 
 Subj. Pres.: 
 Imp.: 
 
 Part. Pres.: 
 P. Passe : 
 P. Passe : 
 
OUR METHOD' 
 
 99 
 
 Cond.: Je vetirais 
 
 Vetir — clothe 
 
 Ind. Pres.: Je vets, nous vetons 
 
 Imparf.: Je vetais 
 
 P. defini: Je vetis 
 
 Futur: Je vetirai 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je vete 
 
 Imp.: Que je vetisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Vetant 
 
 P. Passe: Ayant vetu, j'ai vetu, je suis vetu 
 Revet ir — to clothe again, invest 
 devetir — undress, divest 
 
 Fuir — flee 
 Ind. Pres.: Je fuis, fuyons, ils fuient 
 Imparf.: Je fuyais 
 P. defini: Je fuis 
 
 Futur: Je fuirai Cond.: Je fuirais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je fuie, fuyions, fuient 
 Imp.: Que je fuisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Fuyant 
 P. Passe: Ayant fui 
 
 S'enfuir 
 
 run away, escape 
 
 Faillir — Fail, come near 
 Only used in the P. def.: Je fail I is; compound 
 tenses: J'ai failli (I came nearly) and futur: Je 
 faiiiirai. 
 
 OuTr — to hear 
 only used in the past part: J'ai ou'i dire — I heard 
 say. 
 
 3rd Conjugation (oir) 
 
 Savoir — know 
 Je sais, s, t, savons, ez, ent 
 Je savais 
 Je sus 
 Je saurai Cond.: Je saurais 
 
 Ind. Pres.: 
 
 Imparf.: 
 
 P. defini: 
 
 Futur: 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je sache 
 
 Imp.: Que je susse 
 
 Imperatif: Sache, sachons, sachez, qu'il sache 
 
 (let him know) 
 Part. Pres.: Sachant 
 P. Pass6: Ayant su; j'ai su 
 
100 
 
 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Pouvoir — be able 
 Ind. Pres.: Je peux or je puis, tu peux, t, pou- 
 vons, ez, ils peuvent 
 Je pouvais 
 
 Imp.: 
 
 P. defini: 
 
 Futur : 
 
 Cond.: Je pourrais 
 
 Je pus 
 
 Je pourrai 
 Subj. Pres. Que je puisse 
 Imp.: Que je pusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Pouvant 
 P. Passe: Ayant pu; j'ai pu 
 Imperatif: Qu'il puisse 
 Subjonctive use: Puisse-t-il — may he! 
 
 Puissiez-vous — may you! 
 
 Ind. Pres. 
 
 Imp.: 
 
 P. defini: 
 
 Futur: 
 
 Je voudrais 
 veuillent 
 
 Vouloir — wish, want 
 
 Je veux, x, t, voulons, ez, veulent 
 
 Je voulais 
 
 Je voulus 
 
 Je voudrai Cond.: 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je veuille, voulions. 
 Imp.: Que je voulusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Voulant 
 P. Passe: Ayant voulu 
 Imperatif: Veuille, veuillez 
 
 Dieu veuille — God grant! 
 Veuillez entrer — please walk in 
 Valoir (be worth): Je vaux, valons, que je vaille 
 Prevaloir (prevail): Subj.: Que je prevale 
 £quivaloir (equal, be equal to) 
 
 Je verrais 
 e, voyions, voyiez, 
 
 Voir — to see 
 Je vois, s, t, voyons, ez, voient 
 Je voyais 
 Je vis 
 
 Je verrai Cond 
 Que je voie, es, 
 voient 
 
 Que je visse 
 Ayant vu; j'ai vu 
 Revoir (see again) 
 Prevoir (foresee) same as "Voir", except in the 
 
 future and Cond.: Je prevoirai (s), 
 Pourvoir (provide), same as "voir", except in the 
 future and cond.: je pourvoirai (s) and in the 
 past def. : je pourvus. 
 
 Ind. Pres.: 
 
 Imp.: 
 
 P. defini: 
 
 Futur: 
 
 S'ubj. Pres.: 
 
 Imp.: 
 
 P. Passe: 
 
'OUR METHOD" 101 
 
 S'asseoir — sit down 
 Ind. Pres.: Je m'assieds, nous nous asseyons, ez, 
 
 asseyent 
 Imp.: Je m'asseyais 
 
 P. defini: Je m'assis 
 
 Futur: Je m'assierai Cond.: Je m'assierais 
 
 S'ubj. Pres.: Que je m'asseye 
 Imp.: Que je m'assisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: S'asseyant 
 P. Passe: S'etant assis; je me suis assis 
 There is a second form of this verb, thus: 
 
 Je m'assois, assoyons, assoyez 
 
 Je m'assoyais 
 
 Je m'assoirai 
 
 Que je m'assoie 
 Seoir (become) — sied (becomes) like asseoir. 
 Seoir (be situated) used only in sis, sise (situated). 
 
 Mouvoir — Move 
 Ind. Pres.: Je meus, s, t, mouvons, ez, meuvent 
 Imp.: Je mouvais 
 
 P. defini: Je mus, tu mus, il mut 
 Futur: Je mouvrai Cond.: Je mouvrais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je meuve, nous mouvions, ez, 
 
 meuvent Imp.: Que je musse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Mouvant 
 P. Passe: Ayant mu; j'ai mu 
 
 Emouvoir — move (morally), affect 
 Falloir — must, have to 
 See impersonal verbs 
 Pleuvoir — rain See impersonal verbs 
 
 Choir — fall 
 used only in: Chu — fallen; Future: Cherrai or 
 choirai (obsolete tenses)., 
 
 Dechoir — fall, degenerate 
 conjugated like voir, with etre or avoir, according 
 to whether action (avoir) or condition (etre) 
 is expressed. 
 
 Echoir — chance to be, to fall due 
 used only as follows: 
 Ind. Pres.: il echoit — it falls due 
 P. defini: il echut 
 Futur: il echerra 
 
 Subj. Pres.: qu'il echoie Imp.: qu'il echut 
 Part. Pres.:le cas echeant — if it should happen 
 (the case presenting itself) 
 P. Passe: echu (etre) 
 
102 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 4th Conjugation 
 
 Mettre — put 
 Ind. Pres.: Je mets, s, t, mettons, ez, ent 
 Imp.: Je mettais P. defini: Je mis 
 
 Futur: Je mettrai Cond.: Je mettrais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je mette Imp.: Que je misse 
 Part. Pres.: Mettant P. Passe: Mis; j'ai mis 
 
 Se mettre a — to set about to 
 
 Se mettre a I'aise — to make oneself 
 comfortable 
 
 Admettre — admit 
 
 Commettre — commit 
 
 Se demettre — resign 
 
 S'entremettre — intervene 
 
 Permettre — permit 
 
 promettre — promise 
 
 soumettre — submit 
 
 transmettre — transmit 
 
 remettre — remit, postpone 
 
 Battre — beat 
 Ind. Pres.: Je bats, ts, s, battons, ttez, ttent 
 Imp.: Je battais P. defini: Je battis 
 
 Futur: Je battrai Cond.: Je battrais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je batte Imp.: Que je battisse 
 Part. Pres.: Battant 
 P. Passe: Ayant battu; j'ai battu 
 
 A battre — fell, cut down, lay down, 
 depress 
 
 Combattre — to fight 
 
 Se battre — to fight 
 
 debattre — debate, discuss, struggle 
 
 Rabattre — beat down, flatten, turn down 
 
 Rebattre — beat again 
 
 Rebattre les oreilles — keep on re- 
 peating 
 
 Apprendre — learn 
 Ind. Pres.: J'apprends, nous apprenons, ez, ils 
 
 apprennent 
 Imp.: J'apprenais 
 
 P. defini: J'appris 
 
 Futur: J'apprendrai Cond.: J'apprendrais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que j'apprenne, que nous apprenions, 
 
 qu'ils apprennent 
 Imp.: Que j'apprisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Apprenant 
 P. Passe: Ayant appris (j'ai appris) 
 
"OUR METHOD" 103 
 
 Prendre — take 
 Entreprendre — undertake 
 Com prendre — understand 
 Reprendre — resume, take up again 
 Surprendre — surprise 
 Se meprendre — mistake 
 
 Conduire — conduct 
 Ind. Pres.: Je conduis, s, t, conduisons, ez, ent 
 Imp.: Je conduisais 
 
 P. defini: Je conduisis 
 
 Putur: Je conduirai Cond.: Je conduirais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je conduise 
 Imp.: Que je conduisisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Conduisant 
 P. Passe: Ayant conduit (j'ai conduit) 
 
 Instruire — instruct, teach 
 
 Induire — induce — induct 
 
 Cuire — to cook 
 
 Construire — construct, build 
 
 Deduire — deduce, deduct 
 
 Introduire — introduce 
 
 Produire — produce 
 
 Reduire — reduce 
 
 Seduire — seduce, lure 
 
 Trad u ire — translate 
 Luire (glitter) and Nuire (injure) differ in the 
 past principle: nui, lui. 
 
 
 Faire — do, make 
 
 Ind. Pres. 
 
 Je fais, s, t, faisons, vous faites, ils 
 
 
 font 
 
 Imp.: 
 
 Je faisais P. defini: Je fis 
 
 Futur : 
 
 Je ferai Cond.: Je ferais 
 
 Subj. Pres. 
 
 : Que je fasse Imp.: Que je fisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Faisant 
 P. Passe: Ayant fait (j'ai fait) 
 Imperatif: Faites — (Faites-moi le plaisir (do 
 me the pleasure). 
 Conjugate like "Faire": 
 
 Defaire — to undo 
 
 Refaire — do over 
 
 Surfaire — overcharge, overrate 
 
 Contrefaire — counterfeit, imitate, 
 
 mimic 
 Satisfaire — to satisfy 
 Note — In the old French "nous faisons" was spelt 
 fesons — this pronunciation, in spite of the 
 "ai", has been preserved. 
 (See idioms, page 147.) 
 
104 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Dire — say, tell 
 Ind. Pres.: Je dis, s, t, disons, vous dites, disent 
 Imp.: Je disais 
 
 P. defini: Je dis 
 
 Futur: Je dirai Cond.: Je dirais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je dise 
 Imp.: Que je disse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Disant 
 P. Passe: Ayant dit (j'ai dit) 
 Red ire (say, tell over) is conjugated exactly like 
 
 "dire". 
 The following verbs differ only in the 2nd pers. 
 pi. of the pres. ind. and imperative, being 
 ended in "ez" instead of "tes": vous dedisez. 
 Contredire — contradict 
 Dedire — retract, deny 
 medire — to slander, talk ill of 
 Predire — to predict 
 confire — put up preserves 
 Suffire — suffice — as others, except 
 past part: suffi. 
 
 H* Rire — laugh 
 Ind. Pres.: Je ris, s, t, rions, riez rient 
 Imp.: Je riais, nous riions, riiez, riaient 
 
 P. defini: Je ris 
 
 Futur: Je rirai Cond.: Je rirais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je rie, que nous riions, rient 
 Imp.: Que je risse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Riant 
 P. Passe: Ayant ri (j'ai ri) 
 Sourire — to smile 
 
 £crire — write 
 Ind. Pres.: J'ecris, nous ecrivons, ez, ecrivent 
 Imp.: J'ecrivais 
 
 P. defini: J'ecrivis 
 
 Futur: J'ecrirai Cond.: J'ecrirais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que j'ecrive 
 Imp.: Que j'ecrivisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Ecrivant 
 P. Passe: Ayant ecrit (j'ai ecrit) 
 
 Decrire — describe 
 
 Inscrire — inscribe 
 
 Prescrire — prescribe 
 
 Proscrire — proscribe 
 
 Souscrire — subscribe 
 
 Transcrire — transcribe 
 
"OUR METHOD' 
 
 105 
 
 Connaitre — know 
 Ind. Pres.: Je connais, connaisscns, aissez, con- 
 
 naissent 
 Imp.: Je connaissais 
 
 P. defini: Je connus 
 
 Futur: Je connaitrai Cond.: Je connattrais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je connaisse 
 Imp.: Que je connusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Connaissant 
 P. Passe: Ayant connu (J'ai connu) 
 
 Reconnattre — recognize 
 
 Meconnaitre — ignore, overlook, deny (rights), 
 
 misjudge 
 parattre — appear, seem, look like 
 apparaitre — appear 
 disparattre — ■ disappear 
 
 croitre — to grow croissant — growing 
 accroitre — to increase 
 
 Je nattrais 
 
 Nattre — to be born 
 Je nais, nous naissons 
 Je naissais 
 Je naquis 
 Je naitrai Cond. 
 Que je naisse 
 Que je naquisse 
 Naissant 
 £tant ne (Je suis ne) (ee) 
 
 Renattre — be born again, revive 
 used in all tenses except in the past participle and 
 compounds. 
 
 Ind. Pres.: 
 Imp.: 
 P. defini: 
 Futur : 
 Subj. Pres. 
 Imp.: 
 
 Part. Pres.: 
 P. Passe: 
 
 Ind. Pres.: 
 Imparf. : 
 P. defini: 
 Futur: 
 
 Lire — read 
 Je lis, s, lisons, ez, lisent 
 
 Je lisais 
 
 Je lus 
 
 Je lirai 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je lise 
 Imp.: Que je lusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Lisant 
 P. Passe: Ayant lu (J'ai lu) 
 
 Relire — read over 
 Elire — elect 
 Reelire — re-elect 
 
 Cond.: Je lirais 
 
106 "OUR METHOD* ' 
 
 Clore — close 
 Ind. only used as follows: 
 Ind. Pres.: Je clos, s, t (no plural) 
 No imperfect or past definite. 
 Futur: Je clorai Cond.: Je clorais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je close 
 P. Passe: clos (se) (J'ai clos) 
 
 £clore — blossom, hatch, dawn 
 
 Plaire» — please 
 Ind. Pres.: Je plais, s, t, plaisons, ez, ent 
 Imp.: Je plaisais 
 
 P. defini: Je plus 
 
 Futur: Je plairai Cond.: Je plairais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je plaise 
 Imp.: Que je plusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Plaisant 
 P. Passe: Ayant plu (J'ai plu) 
 
 Deplaire — displease 
 Complaire — comply, humor 
 
 Croire — believe 
 
 Ind. Pres.: Je crois, s, t, croyons, ez, croient 
 
 Imp.: Je croyais 
 
 P. defini: Je crus 
 
 Futur: Je croirai Cond.: Je croirais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je croie, croyions, croient 
 
 Imp : Que je crusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Croyant 
 
 P. Passe: Ayant cru (J'ai cru) 
 
 Accroire — only used in "Faire accroire" — to im- 
 pose upon the credulity of people, make be- 
 lieve. 
 
 Coudre — sew 
 Ind. Pres.: Je couds, s, d, cousons, ez, ent 
 Imp.: Je cousais 
 
 P. defini: Je cousis 
 
 Futur: Je coudrai Cond.: Je coudrais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je couse, ions, iez, ent 
 Imp.: Que je cousisse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Cousant 
 P. Passe: Ayant cousu (J'ai cousu) 
 
 Decoudre — to rip 
 Recoudre — sew over 
 
"OUR METHOD" 107 
 
 Moudre — grind 
 Ind. Pres.: Je mouds, ds, d, moulons, lez, lent 
 Imp.: Je moulais 
 
 P. defini: Je moulus 
 
 Futur: Je moudrai Cond.: Je moudrais 
 
 Subj.Pres.: Que je moule, que nous moulions 
 Imp.: Que je moulusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Moulant 
 P. Passe: Ayant moulu (J'ai moulu) 
 
 Emoudre — grind, sharpen 
 
 Remoudre — grind again 
 
 Absoudre — absolve 
 
 Ind. Pres.: J'absous, s, t, absolvons, vez, vent 
 
 Imp.: J'absolvais 
 
 P. defini: (none) 
 
 Futur: J'absoudrai Cond.: J'absoudrais 
 
 Subj.Pres.: Que j'absolve 
 
 Imp.: (none) 
 
 Part. Pres.: Absolvant 
 
 P. Passe: Ayant absous (te) ; J'ai absous 
 Dissoudre — dissolve 
 
 Resoudre — resolve — has a past definite: 
 Je resolus, and two past participles, ac- 
 cording to its meaning: 
 Resolu • — determined 
 Resous (te) — resolved into (chemic) 
 
 Vivre — live 
 Ind. Pres.: Je vis, vis, t, vivons, vivez, vivent 
 Imp.: Je vivais 
 
 P. defini: Je vecus 
 
 Futur: Je vivrai Cond.: Je vivrais 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Que je vive, vivions, viviez, vivent 
 Imp.: Que je vecusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Vivant 
 P. Passe: Ayant vecu (J'ai vecu) 
 
 Survivre — survive — like Vivre 
 
 Vaincre — vanquish 
 Ind. Pres.: Je vaincs, cs, c, vainquons, ez, ent 
 Imp.: Je vainquais 
 
 P. defini: Je vainquis 
 
 Futur: Je vaincrai Cond.: Je vaincrais 
 
 Subj.Pres.: Que je vainque 
 Imparf.: Que je vainquisse 
 Part. Pres.: Vainquant 
 P. Passe: Ayant vaincu (J'ai vaincu) 
 Convaincre — convince 
 
108 
 
 OUR METHOD" 
 
 Craindre — fear 
 Ind. Pres.: Je crams, s, t, craignons, ez, ent 
 Imp.: Je craignais 
 
 P. defini: Je craignis 
 
 Putur: Je craindrai Cond.: Je craindrais 
 
 b'ubj. Pres.: Que je craigne, gnions, iez, ent 
 Imparf.: Que je craignisse 
 Part. Pres.: Craignant 
 P. Passe: Ayant craint (J'ai craint) 
 
 atteindre — attain 
 
 contraindre — constrain, compel 
 
 ceindre — gird 
 
 eteindre — extinguish 
 
 etreindre — clasp 
 
 feindre — feign 
 
 geindre — moan 
 
 joindre — join 
 
 oindre — anoint 
 
 peindre — paint 
 
 plaindre — pity 
 
 teindre — to dye 
 
 se plaindre — complain 
 
 Conclure — conclude 
 Ind. Pres.: Je conclus, concluons, ez, ent 
 Imp.: Je concluais 
 
 P. defini: .Je conclus 
 Futur: Je conclurai 
 
 Cond.: Je conclurais 
 
 Subj. Pres. : Que je conclue, concluions 
 
 Imp.: Que je conclusse 
 
 Part. Pres.: Concluant 
 
 P. Passe: Ayant conclu (J'ai conclu) 
 
 PASSIVE, PRONOMINAL AND SOME 
 IMPERSONAL VERBS 
 
 Passive Verbs 
 
 The passive is formed by using the auxiliary 
 "to be" with the past participle of the verb ex- 
 pressed. Ex.: 
 
 etre aime — to be loved 
 Je suis aime — I am loved 
 J'etais aime — I was loved 
 Je serai aime — I shall be loved 
 
"OUR METHOD'' 109 
 
 Pronominal Verbs 
 are used throughout their conjugation' with two 
 pronouns, one as subject, the other as object. Ex.: 
 Se laver — wash oneself 
 Je me lave — I wash myself 
 tu te laves — thou washest thyself 
 il se lave — he washes himself 
 nous nous lavons — we wash ourselves 
 vous vous lavez — you wash yourselves 
 ils se lavent — they wash themselves 
 In the compounds of such verbs "etre" is al- 
 ways used. Ex.: 
 
 Je me suis amuse — I amused myself 
 
 Vous etes-vous lave? — did you wash yourself? 
 
 Model of a pronominal verb: 
 Se coucher — to lie down 
 
 Je me couche I lie down 
 
 Je me couchais I was lying down 
 
 Je me suis couche I have lied down 
 
 II s'est couche he has lied down 
 
 Je me coucherai I will lie down 
 
 Vous vous coucherez . . . .you will lie down 
 Que je me couche that I may lie down 
 
 List of some pronominal verbs: 
 
 s'amuser to enjoy oneself 
 
 s'eveiller to awake 
 
 se reveiller to awake 
 
 s'endormir to fall asleep 
 
 se promener to take a walk 
 
 se coiffer to dress one's hair 
 
 se lever to get up 
 
 se laver to wash (oneself) 
 
 se retourner to turn back 
 
 s'asseoir to sit down 
 
 s'en aller to go away 
 
 s'ecrier to exclaim 
 
 se repentir to repent 
 
 se coucher to lie down (go to bed) 
 
 One also says: 
 
 Se promener en voiture 
 
 take a drive 
 Se promener a cheval 
 
 take a horseback ride 
 Se promener en automobile 
 
 take an auto ride 
 
110 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Impersonal Verbs 
 Impersonal verbs are conjugated in the 3rd 
 person singular only, as: 
 
 Falloir — to be necessary, to require 
 Ind. Pres.: II faut 
 Impart: II fallait 
 P. defini: II fallut 
 Futur: II faudra 
 
 Cond.: II faudrait 
 
 Subj. Pres.: Qu'il faille 
 Imparf.: Qu'il fallut 
 Passe Ind.: II a fallu 
 Ex.: II faut que je — I must 
 
 II fallait que je — I had to 
 II faudra que je — I will have to 
 Other impersonal verbs are: 
 
 Pleuvoir — to rain 
 
 il pleut it rains 
 
 il pleuvait it rained 
 
 il a plu — il plut it has rained 
 
 il pleuvra it will rain 
 
 il pleuvrait it would rain 
 
 qu'il pleuve, qu'il plut that it might rain 
 
 Neiger — to snow 
 
 I neige it snows 
 
 I neigeait it snowed 
 
 I a neige it has snowed 
 
 I neigera it will snow 
 
 Geler — to freeze 
 
 I gele .it freezes 
 
 I gelait it froze 
 
 I a gele it has frozen 
 
 I gelera it will freeze 
 
 also: Tonner — to thunder 
 venter — be windy 
 
 y avoir to be (there) 
 
 il y a there is 
 
 il y avait . . there was 
 
 il y aura there will be 
 
 il y a eu there has been 
 
 qu'il y ait that there is 
 
 Faire (to make) is impersonal in such expres- 
 sions as: 
 
 il fait chaud it is warm 
 
 il fait beau . . ... ....... .it is beautiful 
 
 il fait froid . . , . it is cold 
 
 il fait du soleil ........ . .it is sunny 
 
"OUR METHOD" 111 
 
 DOUZIEME LEQON 
 Twelfth Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 
 LE DOCTEUR — LE DENTISTE 
 
 The doctor — the dentist 
 
 Je ne me sens pas bien aujourd'hui. 
 
 I do not feel well today. 
 
 Qu'avez-vous? Vous n'avez pas bonne 
 mine. — Vous avez mauvaise mine. 
 
 What have you? (What is the matter with you?). You 
 don't look well. — You look bad. 
 
 Je ne sais pas; je voudrais voir un docteur. 
 
 I do not know; I would like to see a physician. 
 
 Je puis vous en recommander un tres bon 
 qui demeure pres d'ici. 
 
 I can recommend you a very good one who lives near 
 
 here. 
 
 Vous avez de la fievre, je crois. 
 
 You have fever, I believe. 
 
 Dormez-vous bien? 
 
 Do you sleep well? 
 
 Avez -vous des douleurs a la tete — dans le 
 cote — dans le dos? 
 
 Have you any pains — in the head — in the side — 
 in the back? 
 
 II faut vous soigner et vous reposer. 
 
 You must take care of yourself and rest. 
 
 Voici une ordonnance; prenez cette mede- 
 cine — cette poudre — ces pilules — 
 deux fois par jour. 
 
 Here is a prescription — take this medicine — this 
 powder — these pills — twice a day. 
 
 II faut que je sois gueri bientot. 
 
 I must be well (cured) soon. 
 
 Suivez bien mes instructions, et ne faites pas 
 d'imprudences. 
 
 Follow my instructions and don't be careless. 
 
 Croyez-vous qu 'une operation soit neces- 
 saire? 
 
 Do you think an operation will be necessary? 
 
 C'est ce que je cherche a eviter. 
 
 That is what T am trying to avoid. 
 
112 'OUR METHOD" 
 
 J'ai peur de l'hopital. (Je crains l'hopital). 
 
 I am afraid of the hospital (I fear the hospital). 
 
 Ne craignez rien; votre cas n'est pas grave. 
 Vous serez bientot remis (gueri). 
 
 There is nothing- to fear; your case is not serious. You 
 will recover soon. 
 
 Ce n'est qu'un mal passager. 
 
 It is but a passing ailment. 
 
 Chez le dentiste — At the dentist's 
 J'ai des maux de dents (mal aux dents). 
 
 1 have toothache. 
 
 J'ai une dent gatee qui me fait souffrir. 
 
 i have a decayed tooth that causes much pain. 
 
 Je crois bien! Vos gencives sont tout en- 
 flammees. 
 
 I should think so! Your gums are all inflamed. 
 
 Allez-vous arracher la dent? 
 
 Are you going to pull the tooth? 
 
 J'essayerai de la conserver. 
 
 I will try to save it. 
 
 II faudra sans doute la plomber, l'aurifier. 
 
 It will probably be necessary to fill it (put a gold 
 filling). 
 
 Mon dernier plombage n'a pas tenu. 
 
 My last filling did not hold. 
 
 Recommandez-moi une bonne poudre denti- 
 frice (pate dentifrice, eau dentifrice). 
 
 Recommend me a good tooth powder — tooth paste — 
 tooth wash. 
 
 Ce que je vous recommande, c'est de tou- 
 jours vous servir d'une brosse dure. Ce- 
 la empeche la carie de se former. 
 
 What I do recommend, is to use always a hard brush. 
 — It prevents decaying. 
 
 Combien vous dois-je? Envoyez-moi la note. 
 
 How much do I owe you? — Send me the bill. 
 
 Revenez demain. 
 
 Come back to-morrow. 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 le docteur, medecin the doctor 
 
 le dentiste the dentist 
 
 le pharmacien the druggist 
 
 le pedicure the chiropodist 
 
"OUR METHOD" 113 
 
 le manicure the manicure 
 
 le remede, medicament. .. the remedy 
 
 la medecine the medicine 
 
 la dent the tooth 
 
 une dent gatee a decayed tooth 
 
 une dent creuse a hollow tooth 
 
 un mal de tete a headache 
 
 digerer to digest 
 
 avaler swallow 
 
 a jeun fasting — on an empty 
 
 stomach 
 
 maladie de cceur heart trouble 
 
 une bronchite a bronchitis 
 
 un rhume a cold 
 
 une toux a cough 
 
 tousser to cough 
 
 dormir to sleep 
 
 maladie de poitrine consumption 
 
 la poitrine the chest 
 
 la gorge the throat 
 
 les amygdales the tonsils 
 
 avoir mal a la gorge .... .to have a sore throat 
 
 un mal de gorge a sore throat 
 
 mal au pied sore foot 
 
 un cor a corn 
 
 tomber de fatigue to be exhausted 
 
 tomber malade to take sick 
 
 faire chercher le medecin.to send for the doctor 
 
 faire une operation perform an operation 
 
 des nevralgies neuralgia 
 
 la rougeole the measles 
 
 le blessure the wound 
 
 j'ai ete blesse a I have been wounded in 
 
 une egratigmure a scratch 
 
 le sang the blood 
 
 saigner to bleed 
 
 soigner to take care of 
 
 garde-malade the nurse 
 
 infirmier (iere) the nurse 
 
 panser to dress (a wound) 
 
 un cataplasme a poultice 
 
 bandage bandage 
 
 une goutte de a drop of 
 
 la ouate hydrophile absorbent cotton 
 
 une cuilleree de a spoonful of 
 
 une maladie grave a serious disease, ill- 
 ness 
 une legere indisposition. . .a slight indisposition 
 un leger malaise a slight indisposition 
 
114 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 un cas serieux ^a serious case 
 
 la guerison the cure 
 
 faire les ongles to manicure 
 
 couper les ongles cut the nails 
 
 limer les ongles file the nails 
 
 avoir des evanouisse- 
 
 ments fainting spells 
 
 se trouver mal, s'evanouir.to faint 
 
 la migraine sick headache 
 
 etourdissement dizziness 
 
 maladie de nerfs nerve trouble 
 
 etat nerveux nervous condition 
 
 les os bones 
 
 une attaque a stroke 
 
 acces spell 
 
 tater le pouls feel the pulse 
 
 faire la sieste take a nap — a rest 
 
 GRAMMAIRE 
 Use of the tenses 
 Present 
 In French there is but one form for the pres 
 ent, whereas in English there are three: 
 
 f I talk 
 Ex.: Je parle 1 I am talking 
 
 [ I do talk 
 
 Imparfait 
 Imperfect 
 This tense corresponds to the English: "I usee 
 to" or "was", followed by the present participle 
 as: Je parlais — I was talking 
 Je parlais — I used to talk 
 It also is used to describe persons or things : 
 their defects, qualities, conditions. 
 Ex.: Cette fille etait belle 
 
 This girl was beautiful 
 
 II faisait beau temps 
 
 The weather was beautiful. 
 
 Passe Indefini — Past Indefinite 
 This tense presents the act as completely ac 
 complished, past. It is exclusively used in conver- 
 sation. 
 Ex.: J'ai parle a votre mere, hier 
 
 I spoke to your mother yesterday. 
 J'ai beaucoup voyage 
 I travelled much. 
 P. AnteTieur: Quand j'eus fini, je sortis. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 115 
 
 Past Definite 
 
 This is the "historical" or "narrative" tense, and 
 is used but little in conversation, where it would 
 appear stilted. 
 
 Ex.: Napoleon mourut a Ste. Helene. 
 II fut vaincu a Waterloo. 
 
 Future 
 
 The Future tense corresponds to "will" or "shall". 
 Ex.: Je vous ecrirai 
 
 I will write to you. 
 
 Je viendrai si je peux. 
 
 I will come if I can. 
 
 Conditional 
 
 This tense corresponds to: "should" or "would": 
 Je viendrais si je le pouvais 
 I would come if I could. 
 Notice that after "si" we use the present in con- 
 nection with the Future — or the Imperfect 
 in connection with the Conditional. 
 The Subjunctive 
 has no definitive equivalent in English, although it 
 is sometimes rendered by "that I may" or 
 "might". Its use is subject to rules, as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 1. after verbs expressing wish — command — 
 doubt — fear — 
 
 Ex.: Je veux que vous alliez 
 
 I want you to go. 
 
 2. after impersonal verbs — 
 
 II faut que vous fassiez — que vous soyez 
 You must do — you must be 
 
 3. after adjectives followed by "que" — 
 
 Ex.: Je suis content que vous alliez — que vous 
 soyez 
 I am glad you are going — that you are 
 
 4. a few other cases, like — 
 
 Ex.: Restez jusqu'a ce que je revienne 
 
 Stay until I return, 
 after: jusqu'a ce que — until 
 
 pour que — so that 
 
 a moins que — unless 
 quoique — although 
 
 le premier — the first 
 
 le seul — the only 
 
 and after superlatives. 
 
 5. In these above same cases, the Past Subjunc- 
 tive (or compound) is used to express a past 
 act. 
 
116 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Ex.: Je suis contente que vous I'ayez fait 
 I am glad you did it. 
 The imperfect subjunctive which should be used 
 after a verb in the past or conditional is being 
 generally replaced by the present of the sub- 
 junctive: J'aurais voulu qu'il vint (qu'il vienne). 
 
 Infinitive 
 
 The Infinitive is used — 
 
 1. After all prepositions, except "en". 
 Ex.: J'ai oublie d'acheter un livre. 
 
 Etudiez avant de sortir. 
 
 2. After any verb, except avoir and etre (when 
 the past participle is used). 
 
 Ex.: Venez me voir. — Allez lui dire. 
 
 The use of prepositions is more dependent on the 
 verb that precedes than on the verb follow- 
 ing them. Practice is the best teacher for the 
 correct use of prepositions. However here 
 are some helpful rules: 
 1. Verbs of motion, united in English by "and" 
 do not require any preposition. 
 
 Ex.: Allez chercher — go and get 
 
 Venez me voir — Come and see me. 
 
 The preposition "de" is used before a verb, after: 
 
 oublier forget 
 
 d i re tell 
 
 demander ask 
 
 promettre promise 
 
 permettre allow 
 
 ecrire write 
 
 ordonner order 
 
 Ex.: J'ai dit d'allumer le feu. 
 
 I told (them) to light the fire. 
 
 Je lui ai demande de venir — asked to come. 
 
 "Pour" is used for "to" — meaning in order to — 
 for to — 
 
 Ex.: Je I'ai dit pour vous faire plaisir. 
 I said it to please you. 
 
 "a" is used often before persons after verbs given 
 above — 
 
 Ex.: dire a quelqu'un de.. . — tell somebody to. .. 
 
 The negatives "ne pas" are used in succession 
 before an infinitive — 
 
 Ex.: Dites-lui de ne pas le faire. 
 Tell him not to do it. 
 
 Present Participle 
 
 The present participle which in English ends in 
 "ing" ends in French thus: "ant". 
 
"OUR METHOD" 117 
 
 Ex.: Aimant — loving 
 
 Parlant — speaking 
 It can be preceded by no other preposition than 
 
 "en". 
 Ex.: En passant — in passing 
 
 En riant — in laughing 
 When it expresses an action, it is always invari- 
 able. 
 Ex.: Ms chantent en marchant 
 
 They sing while marching. 
 When it expresses a state of being, it is variable 
 and agrees with the noun it qualifies. It is 
 then considered a "verbal adjective". 
 Ex.: les drapeaux flottants 
 the waving flags. 
 
 The Past Participle 
 
 The past participle is subject to certain rules, ac- 
 cording to the auxiliary with which it is con- 
 jugated. 
 
 When accompanied with "etre", the participle 
 agrees with its subject. 
 
 Ex.: Elle est sortie 
 lis sont arrives 
 
 When accompanied with "avoir" it agrees with 
 its direct object if this object precedes it, and 
 remains invariable if it follows. 
 
 Ex.: J'ai regu une lettre 
 
 La lettre que j'ai regue 
 
 All other rules of agreement of the past participle 
 are based on these two. 
 
 Use of the two auxiliaries 
 Verbs of action are usually conjugated with avoir, 
 
 also most neuter verbs. 
 Ex.: Marcher — danser — manger — dormir. 
 Those conjugated with etre are: 
 
 1. All reflective or pronominal verbs: 
 Ex.: s'amuser: je me suis amuse 
 
 se promener: il s'est promene 
 se lever: vous etes-vous leve? 
 
 2. The following: 
 
 aller — venir go — come 
 
 s'en aller — rester go away — stay 
 
 entrer — sortir go in — go out 
 
 arriver — partir arrive — depart 
 
 monter — descendre go up — go down 
 
 mourir — nattre die — ■ be born 
 
 Ex.: £tes-vous venu seul? 
 
 Nous sommes sortis. # 
 
118 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 TREIZIEME LEQON 
 Thirteenth Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 
 PAPETERIE — LIBRAIRIE — PHOTOGRAPHIE 
 
 Stationery — Book Store — Photography 
 
 Qu'est-ce que vous allez faire? Q'avez-vous 
 a faire? 
 
 What are you going to do? — What have you to do^ 
 
 J'ai ma correspondance a faire; je dois des 
 lettres a tout le monde. 
 
 I have my letters to write; I owe letters to everybody. 
 
 J'ai plusieurs petits mots a ecrire. 
 
 i have several notes to write. 
 
 Je suis paresseux quand il s'agit d'ecrire. 
 
 I am lazy when it comes to writing. 
 
 II y a des gens pour qui c'est un plaisir; je 
 
 ne suis pas de ceux-la. 
 
 There are some people for whom it is a pleasure; 1 
 am not one of those. 
 
 Quand j'aurai fini, je passerai chez le li- 
 braire. Venez m'y rejoindre. 
 
 When I will be through, I will drop in at the book- 
 store. Come and meet me there. 
 
 Avez-vous les derniers livres sur la guerre? 
 
 Have you the last books on the war? 
 
 Je voudrais aussi quelques bons romans. 
 
 I would also like a few good novels. 
 
 Voici le dernier livre a succes; il en est deja 
 a sa quinzieme edition. 
 
 Here is the latest success; it has already reached the 
 fifteenth edition. 
 
 J 'en prendrai un; j 'adore B. ! C'est mon 
 auteur favori. C'est un profond psycho- 
 logy et un styliste distingue. 
 
 I will take one. — I love B. ! He is my favorite author. 
 
 He is a deep psychologist and a distinguished 
 (refined) waiter. 
 
 II est aussi plein d 'esprit. 
 
 He is also full of wit. 
 
 II n'y en a plus; 1 'edition est epuisee. 
 
 There are no mole; it is out of print. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 119 
 
 II faut que je me depeche; j'ai pris rendez- 
 vous chez le photographe, pour deux 
 heures. 
 
 I must hurry; I have made an appointment with the 
 photographer, for two o'clock. 
 
 Comment voulez-vous poser? — De face? 
 — de profil? — de trois quarts? — en 
 pied? 
 
 How do you wish to pose? Full face? Profile? Three 
 quarters? Full length? 
 
 Vous etes le meilleur juge. 
 
 You are the best judge. 
 
 Cela depend toujours de la physionomie. 
 
 It always depends on the physionomy. 
 
 Moi, je vous conseille de poser de face. 
 
 I advise you to pose full face. 
 
 C'est bien! — Quand pourrai-je voir les 
 epreuves? 
 
 Allright. — When can I see the proofs? 
 
 Elles seront pretes demain. 
 
 They will be ready to-morrow. 
 
 Je les veux bien ressemblantes. — Je ne les 
 veux pas flattees. 
 
 I want them very resembling. I do not want them 
 flattered. 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 le papetier the stationer 
 
 le libraire the bookseller 
 
 le papier a lettre the writing paper 
 
 les enveloppes the envelopes 
 
 le stylographe the fountain pen 
 
 la plume reservoir the fountain pen 
 
 les plumes the pens 
 
 le crayon the pencil 
 
 tailler un crayon sharpen a pencil 
 
 la gomme a effacer the eraser 
 
 du papier buvard some blotting paper 
 
 des livres some books 
 
 I'edition — I'editeur the edition — the editor 
 
 un volume a volume 
 
 un roman a novel 
 
 une histoire a story — history 
 
 un conte a tale — short story 
 
 contes de fees fairy tales 
 
 quelque chose de nouveau. something new 
 
120 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 quelque chose d'interes- 
 
 sant something interesting 
 
 la poesle poetry 
 
 relie bound 
 
 broche unbound (paper) 
 
 les vers the verses 
 
 la prose the prose 
 
 le college the college 
 
 I'universite the university 
 
 la Faculte the faculty 
 
 la photographie the photograph 
 
 le photographe the photographer 
 
 le portrait the picture 
 
 la pose — poser the pose — to pose 
 
 le film (la pellicule) ....the film 
 
 Pepreuve the proof 
 
 un instantane a snap shot 
 
 QUATORZIEME LEQON 
 Fourteenth Lesson 
 
 SUBJECT: 
 
 PROFESSEUR ET £L£VE 
 Teacher and Pupil 
 
 Je suis bien aise de vous rencontrer, cher 
 ami. J'allais m'adresser a vous pour 
 vous prier de me rendre un service. 
 
 I am delighted to meet you", dear friend. I was going 
 to apply to you, to beg you to do me a favor. 
 
 Je ne demande pas mieux que de vous 
 obliger. Que puis-je faire pour vous? 
 
 I wish for nothing better than to oblige you (I will 
 
 be too glad to). What can I do for you? 
 
 Eh bien! Voici ce dont il s'agit. 
 
 Well! This is what it is all about. 
 
 II me faut des lecons de conversation: pas 
 
 pour moi, non! — pour un jeune ami. 
 
 I want conversation lessons — no, not for me! — for 
 a young friend. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 121 
 
 Je sais que vous ferez tout juste l'affaire. 
 Vous etes bachelier es-lettres — vous 
 avez fait votre droit — vous avez des 
 connaissances etendues — vous saurez 
 rinteresser. 
 
 I know you will just be the right person. You are a 
 bachelor of letters (M. A.). — You studied law 
 
 — you have a very extensive knowledge of things 
 
 — you will know how to interest him. 
 
 Amenez-le moi — ou bien emmenez-moi 
 chez lui. 
 
 Bring him to me — or else — take me to him. 
 
 Merci — II n'y a pas de quoi — a votre ser- 
 vice. 
 
 Thank you. — You are welcome. 
 
 Quant au cachet, ne demandez pas trop 
 cher. Ses moyens sont limites. 
 
 As to the terms, do not ask too much. His means 1 
 are limited. (Charge little — demandez peu). 
 
 Je ferai le mieux possible — pour le mieux. 
 
 I will do the best possible. 
 
 La legon — the lesson 
 
 Vous voulez arriver a vous exprimer en 
 frangais avec facilite, sans hesiter. — Je 
 vous conseille d'etudier par cceur toutes 
 les conversations de ce petit livre. 
 
 You wish to succeed in expressing yourself in French 
 with ease — without hesitating. — I advise you 
 to study by heart all the conversations of this 
 little book. 
 
 Revoyez — repetez. — Je ne saurais assez 
 vous le dire. — II n'y a rien de tel. 
 
 Review — repeat. — I can not say it too often. There 
 is nothing to equal it. 
 
 Je compte suivre vos instructions a la lettre. 
 
 I intend to follow your instructions to the letter. 
 
 J 'ignore absolument les noms des sciences, 
 des arts, des metiers; etc. — Mettez- 
 moi au courant de tout cela. 
 
 I absolutely ignore the names of the sciences, arts, 
 crafts, etc. — Instruct me in all these questions. 
 
122 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Je vous en donnerai la liste ou vocabulaire 
 
 — la nomenclature — et vous l'appren- 
 drez. 
 
 I will give you the list or vocabulary or enumeration 
 and you will learn it. 
 
 A propos, quels sont les noms des points 
 cardinaux en francais? — Le Nord — le 
 Sud — l'Est — rOuest. 
 
 By the way, what are the names of the points of 
 the compass in French? — North — South — 
 East — West. 
 
 Dites-moi les noms des jeux, exercices, des 
 sports, etc. 
 
 Tell me the names of the games, exercises, sports, etc. 
 
 Les voici: Les cartes — les dominos — le 
 billard — les echecs — les dames — le 
 tennis — le golf — la chasse — la peche 
 
 — la natation — le canotage — res- 
 crime, la gymnastique et la balle. 
 
 Here they are: cards — dominoes — billiards — chess 
 checkers — tennis — golf — hunting — fishing 
 
 — swimming — rowing — fencing — gymnastics 
 and ball. 
 
 Pendant que j'y pense, dites-moi les noms 
 des differents degres de la societe — les 
 classes — les religions, etc. 
 
 While I think of it, tell me the names of the different 
 divisions of society — the classes — religions, 
 etc. 
 
 Ah! oui! — Je n'ai pas pense a vous les don- 
 ner. — Je les ajouterai a votre liste. 
 
 Ah, yes! — I did not think of giving them to you. — 
 I will add them' to your list. 
 
 VOCABULAIRE 
 
 le serrurier tlie locksmith 
 
 la serrure, serrurerie the lock, locksmithing 
 
 la cle the key 
 
 les gonds the hinges 
 
 le travail .the work 
 
 le vitrier the glazier 
 
 le vitrail (les vitraux) stained glass 
 
 le cadre the frame 
 
 encadrer to frame 
 
 I'ebeniste the cabinet maker 
 
"OUR METHOD'' 123 
 
 e menuisier the carpenter 
 
 'architecte the architect 
 
 'architecture the architecture 
 
 e tapissier the upholsterer 
 
 construire to build 
 
 batir to build 
 
 'art the art 
 
 a peinture the painting 
 
 a sculpture sculpture 
 
 a musique music 
 
 a gravure engraving 
 
 a composition composition 
 
 e marchand the merchant 
 
 e marchand de tableaux .the art dealer 
 e marchand de musique. . the music dealer 
 
 un magasin de a store of 
 
 e violoniste the violinist 
 
 e pianiste '. . . . .the pianist 
 
 e violoncelliste the cellist 
 
 e flutiste the flutist 
 
 e sculpteur the sculptor 
 
 e peintre the painter 
 
 e pinceau the brush 
 
 a palette the palette 
 
 e chevalet the easel 
 
 e savant the scholar, learned 
 
 man 
 
 a science science 
 
 e globe the globe 
 
 a carte (geographique) . . .the map 
 
 a boussole the compass 
 
 m primer to print 
 
 'imprimeur the printer 
 
 'imprimerie printing 
 
 'impression print — characters 
 
 es caracteres type 
 
 faire im primer to have printed 
 
 faire graver to have engraved 
 
 faire ses etudes go through one's studies 
 
 etudier to study 
 
 aller a I'ecole to go to school 
 
 les livres d'ecole the school books 
 
 le college the college 
 
 le dictionnaire the dictionary 
 
 la grammaire the grammar 
 
 la geographie the geography 
 
 I'histoire (f.) the history 
 
 I'arithmetique (f.) arithmetic 
 
 les mathematiques (f.) . . .mathematics 
 
124 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 la geometrie geometry 
 
 I'algebre algebra 
 
 la chimle chemistry 
 
 la physique physics 
 
 la religion religion 
 
 etre religieux to be religious 
 
 Dieu God 
 
 I'eglise (f.) the church 
 
 le temple the temple 
 
 aller a I'eglise to go. to church 
 
 la priere the prayer 
 
 prier to pray 
 
 le pretre the priest 
 
 le rabbin the rabbi 
 
 le pasteur the pastor 
 
 la Bible the Bible 
 
 les anges (m.) the angels 
 
 la mythologie mythology 
 
 la fee the fairy 
 
 le clerge the clergy 
 
 I'aristocratie the aristocracy 
 
 la noblesse the nobility 
 
 la magistrature ,the magistracy — bench 
 
 la bourgeoisie the middle class 
 
 les affaires business 
 
 s'occuper d'affaires attend to — to be in 
 
 business 
 
 aller aux affaires go to business 
 
 le patron . . . • • the employer 
 
 I'employe the employee 
 
 la classe ouvriere the working class 
 
 I'ouvrier (m.) the workingman 
 
 I'ouvriere (f.) the workingwoman 
 
 le salaire • • the salary 
 
 les gages the wages, the fees 
 
 les appointements (m.) . . .the salary — the fee 
 
 les honoraires (m.) the fees 
 
 le riche the rich 
 
 le pauvre the poor 
 
 la fortune . . . • • the fortune 
 
 la misere the misery 
 
 mendier to beg 
 
 le mendiant the beggar 
 
 faire la charite to do charity 
 
"OUR METHOD" 125 
 
 QUINZIEME LEQON 
 Fifteenth Lesson 
 
 SUJETS DIVERS 
 Miscellaneous subjects — short conversations 
 
 Chemin de fer (railroad) 
 Wagon de premiere classe — deuxieme 
 classe. 
 
 First class. 
 Second class. 
 
 Je vais a la gare. 
 
 I am going to the station. 
 
 Le train part a trois heures. 
 
 The train leaves at 3 o'clock. 
 
 Je ne veux pas le manquer. 
 
 I do not want to miss it. 
 
 J'ai pris mon billet au guichet; il est con- 
 trole (poingonne) ; je vais faire en- 
 registrer ma majle. — Visiter les ba- 
 gages a la douane — les droits a payer. 
 
 I took my ticket at the office; it is punched; I am' 
 going to have my trunk checked — examine bag- 
 gage at the custom house — duties to pay. 
 
 Buffet — Restaurant (stations) 
 Combien d'arret? — Un quart d'heure. 
 
 How long a stop? — A quarter of an hour. 
 
 Assez pour avoir le temps de dejeuner. 
 
 L.ong enough to have time to eat breakfast (lunch). 
 
 Servez-moi vite. Je suis presse. 
 
 Serve me quickly. — 1 am in a hurry. 
 
 Depechez-vous — le train va partir. 
 
 Hurry up. — The train is going to start. 
 
 Des oeufs a la coque ou sur le plat. 
 
 Boiled eggs. 
 Fried eggs. 
 
 Des viandes froides, assorties. 
 
 Cold meats, assorted. 
 
 Sandwichs varies. 
 
 Mixed sandwiches. 
 
 Une tasse de cafe au lait. 
 
 A cup of coffee and milk. 
 
126 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Du pain grille — du beurre — du sucre. 
 
 Toast — butter — sugar. 
 
 J'ai fait retenir une chambre au Grand 
 Hotel. 
 
 I have engaged a room at the Grand Hotel 
 
 Prenons une voiture — un taxi. 
 
 Let us take a cab — a taxi. 
 
 Cocher, conduisez-moi a l'hdtel. — Arretez- 
 vous ici. 
 
 Driver, take me to the hotel. — Stop here. 
 
 Quelques expressions pratiques pour les 
 soldats. 
 
 A few practical expressions for the soldiers. 
 
 Y a-t-il quelqu'un ici qui parle anglais? 
 
 Is 1 there anyone here who speaks English? 
 
 Comprenez-vous ce que je dis? 
 
 Do you understand what I say? 
 
 Je comprends un peu; pas beaucoup. 
 
 I understand a little; not much. 
 
 De quel pays etes-vous. 
 
 From' which country are you? 
 
 Ou est votre camp? 
 
 Where is your camp? 
 
 Le quartier general. 
 
 Headquarters. 
 
 Quand partez-vous? 
 
 When do you leave? 
 
 Resterez-vous longtemps? 
 
 Will you stay long? 
 
 Je ne sais pas encore. — On ne nous dit rien. 
 
 I do not know yet. — They tell us nothing. 
 
 Depuis combien de temps etes-vous arrive? 
 
 How long is it since you have arrived? 
 
 Je suis fatigue; je suis las. 
 
 I am tired. 
 
 Je cherche un hotel a prix moderes. 
 
 I am looking for a hotel at moderate rates. 
 
 Indiquez-moi un bon hotel, s'il vous plait. 
 
 Please recommend (indicate) me a good hotel. 
 
 C'est ici. — C'est la. 
 
 It is here. — It is there. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 127 
 
 Ce n'est pas. — Est-ce? 
 
 It is not. — Is it? 
 
 Quel est le chemin? — De quel cote? 
 
 Which is the way? — Which way? 
 
 A Thotel — At the hotel 
 Je voudrais une bonne chambre. 
 
 I would like a good room. 
 
 A quel etage? — Au deuxieme. 
 
 At what floor? — At the second. 
 
 Combien par jour? — Repas compris. 
 
 How much a day? — Meals included. 
 
 Faites monter mes bagages — ma malle. 
 
 Send up my baggage — my trunk. 
 
 Voici la blanchisseuse. — J'ai besoin d'elle. 
 
 Here is the laundress. — I need her. 
 
 J'ai du linge a laver. 
 
 I have clothes to wash. 
 
 Du linge sale — du linge propre. 
 
 Dirty (soiled) clothes — clean linen. 
 
 Repassez-le bien. — Pas trop emp6se. 
 
 Iron it well. — Not too starched. 
 
 Comptez-le. — Rapportez-le bientot. 
 
 Count it. — Bring it back soon. 
 
 Ou pourrais-je trouver (me procurer)? 
 
 Where can I find? 
 
 Est-ce loin? — Est-ce pres? 
 
 Is it far? — Is it near? 
 
 Y en a-t-il une plus proche? 
 
 Is there one nearer. 
 
 Je voudrais prendre un bain. 
 
 I would like to take a bath. 
 
 Y a-t-il de l'eau chaude a toute heure? 
 
 Is there any hot water at any hour? 
 
 Ouvrez le robinet. — Faites couler l'eau. 
 
 Open the faucet. — Let the water run. 
 
 Videz l'eau sale. — Je veux prendre ma 
 douche. 
 
 Empty the dirty water. — I want to take my shower. 
 
 Combien est-ce? — Quel est le prix? 
 
 How much is it? — What is the -price? 
 
 C'est cher — bon marche. 
 
 It is expensive — cheap. 
 
128 'OUR METHOD" 
 
 Coiffeur, Barbier — Hair dresser, Barber 
 Je voudrais me faire raser — me faire couper 
 les cheveux. 
 
 I want a shave. I want to have my hair cut. 
 
 Couper ras — couper court. 
 
 Close-shaven — cut short. 
 
 Donnez-moi un shampooing. 
 
 Give me a shampoo. 
 
 Coiffeur de dairies — Ladies Hair Dresser 
 Je veux me faire coiffer. 
 
 I want to have my hair dressed. 
 
 Une coiffure simple, mais seyante. 
 
 A very simple, but becoming head dress. 
 
 Pas de frisures. — Je suis bien coiffee. 
 
 No curling. — My hair is well dressed. 
 
 Une ondulation. — Les ondulations me vont 
 bien. 
 
 Waved hair. — Waves are becoming to me. 
 
 Mes cheveux tombent. 
 
 My hair is falling. 
 
 Recommandez-moi un bon tonique. 
 
 Can you recommend a good hair tonic? 
 
 Un bon massage. — Une friction d'alcool 
 
 A good massage. — An alcohol rub. 
 
 Envoyez-moi de la parfumerie. 
 
 Send me some perfumery. 
 
 Telegraphe — Telephone 
 Telegraph — Telephone 
 J'ai une depeche, un cable a envoyer. 
 
 I have a telegram, a cable to send. 
 
 Combien le mot? — Quand arrivera-t-elle? 
 
 How much a word? — When will it get there? 
 
 Reponse payee d'avance. 
 
 Answer prepaid. 
 
 Bureau de telegraphic 
 
 Telegraph office. 
 
 Je veux repondre a un coup de telephone, 
 
 I want to answer a telephone call. 
 
 L'appareil est libre. — Parlez plus fort. 
 
 The line Is free. — Speak louder. 
 
 La communication est interrompue. 
 
 They interrupted us. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 129 
 
 La banque — The bank 
 Je voudrais encaisser un cheque. 
 
 I would like to cash a check. 
 
 Donnez-moi du change — de la monnaie — 
 or — argent — billets 
 
 Give me exchange — change. 
 Gold — silver — currency. 
 
 Ouvrir un compte. — Le taux d'escompte. 
 
 To open an account. — The rate of discount. 
 
 Avez-vous une carte d'identite? 
 
 Have you an identification card? 
 
 Endosser et signer. — Toucher de l'argent. 
 
 Indorse and sign. — To collect money. 
 
 Ou faut-il signer? Adressez-vous a la caisse. 
 
 Where should 1 sign? — Apply to the cashier. 
 
 Le tailleur — The tailor 
 J'ai besoin d'un costume. — Je tiens surtout 
 a ce que la coupe soit bonne. 
 
 I need a suit. — I care especially for a good cut. 
 
 Soyez tranquille — nous avons un coupeur 
 excellent. 
 
 You can rest easy — we have an excellent cutter. 
 
 Voulez-vous un costume tout fait? 
 
 Do you want a ready-made suit? 
 
 Je veux me faire faire un costume; prenez 
 mes mesures. 
 
 I wish to have a suit made; take my measures. 
 
 Essayez votre costume. 
 
 Try on your suit. 
 
 II va bien. — II ne va pas. 
 
 It fits; it does not fit. 
 
 C'est trop large — trop etroit — trop long 
 — trop court. 
 
 It is too wide — too narrow — too long — too short. 
 
 Le pantalon va bien ; le gilet, le paletot aussi. 
 
 The trousers fit well ; the vest and coat also. 
 
 Cordonnier — Emplettes — Courses 
 Shoemaker's — Shopping — Errands 
 Une paire de souliers jaunes — noirs — 
 lacets — a boutons. 
 
 A pair of shoes tan — black — laced — buttoned. 
 
130 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 lis me genent. 
 
 The are uncomfortable for me. 
 
 lis ne vont pas. 
 
 They do not fit. 
 
 Je peux les elargir. 
 
 I can stretch them. 
 
 Une semelle plus forte. 
 
 A stronger sole. 
 
 Des talons plus bas. 
 
 Lower heels. 
 
 J'ai encore a aller chez le chemisier pour 
 m'acheter des chaussettes, des chemises, 
 des cols et des mouchoirs. 
 
 I must yet go to the men's furnishing- goods store to 
 
 buy socks, shirts, collars and handkerchiefs. 
 
 II me faut aussi des gants de Suede et de 
 
 peau glacee — et quelque cravates. 
 
 I also need undressed kid gloves and dressed kid 
 gloves — and a few ties. 
 
 Un chapeau de paille — de feutre. 
 
 A straw hat — felt hat. 
 
 Un chapeau haut de forme (de soie). 
 
 A high silk hat. 
 
 Horloger — Bijoutier — Joaillier 
 Je veux f aire reparer ma montre : elle ne va 
 pas. 
 
 I want to have my watch repaired: it does not go well. 
 
 Elle est derangee. 
 
 It is out of order. 
 
 Ma pendule retarde ou avance toujours. 
 
 My clock always either gains or loses. 
 
 Remontez-la. 
 
 Wind it up. 
 
 Avez-vous de beaux bijoux — bagues — 
 broches — chaines — colliers — epin- 
 gles — pedes — diamants — rubis — 
 saphirs? 
 
 Have you any nice jewelry: rings — broches — chains 
 — necklaces— pins— pearls — . diamonds — 
 rubies — saphires? 
 
 Cette bague est bien montee. 
 
 This ring is beautifully set. . . 
 
"OUR METHOD" 131 
 
 Rencontre fortuite. 
 
 An unexpected meeting. 
 
 Ah! je vous rencontre a propos, mon cher 
 ami. J'ai besoin d'un avocat et je ne 
 sais a qui m'adresser. Pouvez-vous m'en 
 recommander un? 
 
 Ah! I meet you most a propos (seasonably), my dear 
 friend. I need a lawyer and I do not know where 
 to apply. Can you recommend me one? 
 
 Je ne puis mieux faire que de vous adresser 
 a M. L. C'est un homme d'une grande 
 integrite et d'une capacite reconnue 
 (incontestee). 
 
 I cannot do any better than to refer you to Mr. L. 
 
 He is a man of great integrity and of great 
 ability. 
 
 Merci. J'y vais (de ce pas). 
 
 Thank you. I will go there (immediately). 
 
 Chez l'avocat — At the lawyer's. 
 Est-ce a M. L., l'avocat, que j'ai i'honneur 
 de parler? 
 
 Is it Mr. Li. to whom I have the honor of speaking? 
 
 A lui-meme, Monsieur. 
 
 To himself, Sir. 
 
 Mon ami Jean V. m'a parle de vous en ter- 
 mes elogieux, et je voudrais remettre 
 ma cause entre vos mains. 
 
 My friend, John V., has spoken of you in the highest 
 terms, and I would like to place my case into 
 your hands. 
 
 II s'agit d'une succession — d'un heritage — 
 
 d'une clause douteuse — d'un bail — 
 d'un proces en separation, etc. 
 
 It is about a succession — a heritage — a doubtful 
 clause — a suit for separation. 
 
 Y a-t-il des demarches a faire pour empecher 
 1 'affaire d'arriver en cour? 
 
 Are there any steps to take to prevent the affair from 
 getting into court? 
 
 Je voudrais eviter un proces, s'il y a moyen 
 — obtenir un compromis. 
 
 I would like to avoid a lawsuit, if possible — to ob- 
 tain (effect) a compromise. 
 
132 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Vous me mettrez entre les mains tous les 
 documents relatifs a votre cas. Je me 
 mettrai aussitot en rapport avec l'avo- 
 cat de l'autre partie. 
 
 You will put into my hands all the documents relat- 
 ing to your case, and I will immediately com- 
 municate with the lawyer of the other party. 
 
 Je vous suis tres oblige, Monsieur, de votre 
 empressement. Je vous reverrai bientot. 
 
 I am very much obliged to you for your readiness, Sir. 
 I will see you soon again. 
 
 La loi — The law 
 
 Le droit the right (leg.) law 
 
 I'avocat the lawyer 
 
 I'avoue the solicitor 
 
 le notaire .the notary 
 
 enregistrer to record 
 
 le bail the lease 
 
 preuves documentaires ...documentary evidence 
 
 la cour the court 
 
 le jury — les jures (m.) . .the jury — jurors 
 
 poursuivre to prosecute 
 
 !es poursuites (f.) the prosecution 
 
 faire un proces to sue 
 
 porter plainte to lodge a complaint 
 
 rediger un acte to draw up a deed 
 
 annuler to annul 
 
 resilier /to cancel 
 
 la dactylotype typewriting machine 
 
 la machine a ecrire typewriting machine 
 
 dactylographier to typewrite 
 
 le (la) dactylographe ....the typewriter 
 
 la stenographic stenography 
 
 le, la stenographe the stenographer 
 
 Nouvelles — Journaux 
 News — Newspapers 
 Avez-vous lu les nouvelles? 
 
 Did you read the news? 
 
 Quel journal lisez-vous? 
 
 What paper do you read? 
 
 Je suis abonne au V Temps" et a plusieurs 
 revues, ou magazines. 
 
 I. subscribed to. the. "Temps" and several reviews or 
 magazines. 
 
"OUR METHOD' 133 
 
 On parle du proces C. — un proces scanda- 
 leux. 
 
 They speak of the C. Case — a scandalous case. 
 
 Qu'en pensez-vous? 
 
 What do you think of it? 
 
 II a ete mis en accusation. 
 
 He has been indicted. 
 
 II a ete reconnu coupable. 
 
 He has been convicted. 
 
 II a ete condamne. II a ete acquitte. 
 
 He has been condemned. He has been acquitted. 
 
 II a des complices. 
 
 He has accomplices. 
 
 II y a eu des circonstances attenuantes. 
 
 There were attenuating circumstances. 
 
 Le proces sera juge sous peu. 
 
 The case will be tried soon. 
 
 La cour — le jury — l'avocat. 
 
 The court — the jury — the lawyer. 
 
 Plaider une cause — gagner — perdre une 
 cause. 
 
 Plead — win — lose a case. 
 
 Les nouvelles de la guerre sont bonnes. 
 
 The news of the war are good. 
 
 On a pris l'offensive. 
 
 They took the offensive. 
 
 S. est tombe. — S. est en ruines. 
 
 S. has fallen. — S. is in ruins. 
 
 On a fait de nombreux prisonniers. 
 
 They took many prisoners. 
 
 En visite — Calling 
 Je suis bien content de vous voir; il y a 
 tres longtemps que je n'ai eu ce plaisir. 
 
 I am very happy to see you; it is very long since I 
 have had that- pleasure. 
 
 Mes nombreuses occupations m'empechent 
 de faire beaucoup de visites; je vois peu 
 de monde. 
 
 My many occupations prevent me from paying many 
 calls; I see few people. 
 
 Oue faites-vous de votre temps? 
 
 What do you do with your time? 
 
134 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Je suis dans les affaires. 
 
 I am in business. 
 
 Mes etudes absorbent tous mes instants. 
 
 My studies absorb all my time. 
 
 Je m'occupe d'ceuvres philanthropiques. 
 
 I am busy with philanthropic (charity) worK. 
 
 Connaissez-vous M. Z? 
 
 Do you know Mr. Z.? 
 
 Je le connais de nom — de vue. Mais je ne 
 lui ai jamais ete presente. 
 
 I know him by name — by sight — but I have never 
 been introduced to him. 
 
 J 'en ai beaucoup entendu parler; on en dit 
 grand bien. 
 
 I have heard very much of him; he is highly spoken 
 of (one speaks well of him). 
 
 Venez diner avec moi demain; vous vous 
 trouverez avec lui, et avec d'autres per- 
 sonnes tres interessantes, et dont la 
 connaissance pourra vous etre tres pre- 
 cieuse. 
 
 Come and dine with me to-morrow; you will meet 
 him (find yourself with him) and other interest- 
 ing people, whose acquaintance may be very 
 precious (useful) to you. 
 
 Merci, chere Madame; j'accepte avec grand 
 plaisir votre aimable invitation. A 
 demain. 
 
 Thank you, dear Madam; I accept with great pleasure 
 your amiable invitation. — Until to-morrow. 
 
 Nouvelles mondaines — theatrales 
 Society and theatrical news 
 Avez-vous appris les fiangailles de ? 
 
 Did you hear of the engagement of — ? 
 
 lis sont maries depuis une semaine. 
 
 They have been married a week. 
 
 II y eu une grande fete chez — . 
 
 There was a large affair at X. 
 
 On parle beaucoup d'une piece de D. 
 
 There is much talk of a play by D. 
 
 Elle a beaucoup de succes. 
 
 It has much success. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 135 
 
 Cette autre a fait four (fiasco). 
 
 That other has failed. 
 
 Le roman de B. fait sensation (fureur). 
 
 The novel by B. is creating a sensation (furor). 
 
 L'avez-vous lu? — II est digne de l'auteur. 
 
 Did you read it? — It is worthy of its author. 
 
 Je l'ai demande au libraire; il ne restait plus 
 que 1'edition brochee; je voulais le livre 
 relie. 
 
 I asked for it at the bookseller's; there was but the 
 paper edition left; I wanted the bound book. 
 
 Je suis alle a 1' Opera hier au soir. 
 
 1 went to the Op6ra last evening. 
 
 Je me suis amuse follement. 
 
 I enjoyed myself enormously. 
 
 C'etait une representation de gala. — II y 
 avait salle comble (il y avait foule). 
 
 It was a good performance. — The house was crowded. 
 
 La musique etait belle, la distribution par- 
 faite. 
 
 The music was beautiful, the cast perfect. 
 
 Les voix bonnes, l'orchestre excellent. 
 
 The voices good, the orchestra excellent. 
 
 Les decors superbes. — Le ballet brillant. 
 
 The scenery superb. — The ballet brilliant. 
 
 II y avait beaucoup de monde au foyer. 
 
 There were many people in the lobby. 
 
 Couturiere — Dressmaker 
 Se faire faire une robe. — Je me suis fait 
 faire une robe. 
 
 To have a dress made. — I had a dress made. 
 
 Montrez-moi des echantillons de soie — 
 laine. 
 
 Snow me samples — of silk — wool. 
 
 Costume tailleur. — Costume de voyage. 
 
 Tailor suit. — Traveling suit. 
 
 Robe de ville. — Robe de bal. 
 
 Street dress. — Evening dress. 
 
 Mon premier essayage a eu lieu ce matin. 
 
 My first fitting took place this morning. 
 
 Essayer une robe — j 'essaye ma robe. 
 
 To try on a dress. — I try on a dress. 
 
136 *OUR METHOD" 
 
 La garniture — garnir de passementerie — 
 de jais. 
 
 The trimming' — to trim with gimp — jet. 
 
 La doublure — c'est double de soie. 
 
 The lining. — It is lined with silk. 
 
 J'acheterai un eventail paillete, assorti a la 
 robe. 
 
 I will buy a spangled fan, to match the dress. 
 
 Une robe montante — decolletee. 
 
 A high necked dress — low necked. 
 
 Des manches longues — manches courtes. 
 
 Long sleeves — short sleeves. 
 
 De la dentelle. 
 
 Lace. 
 
 Une etoffe qui ne se dechire pas facilement. 
 
 Material that does not tear easily. 
 
 Modiste — Milliner 
 II me faut un chapeau. 
 
 I need a hat. 
 
 Un chapeau d'hiver — d'ete. 
 
 A winter — summer hat. 
 
 Du velours. — Le chapeau de velours. 
 
 Velvet. — The velvet hat. 
 
 Des plumes d'autruche — de paon. 
 
 Ostrich, peacock feathers. 
 
 Une guirlande de fleurs. 
 
 A garland of flowers. 
 
 Une aile — un nceud — une toque. 
 
 A wing — a bow — a toque. 
 
 A large bords — releve de cote. 
 
 With wide brims, raised on the side. 
 
 Une journee tres remplie — occupee 
 
 A very busy day — full. 
 
 Je me suis leve a l'aube, apres avoir passe 
 une nuit blanche — je n'avais pas ferme 
 Tceil de la nuit. 
 
 I got up at dawn, after having spent a sleepless night 
 — I had not closed an eye all night. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 137 
 
 II a fallu me depecher d'aller a mon bureau, 
 f aire et depouiller ma correspondance — 
 etre exact a plusieurs rendez-vous d'af- 
 faires. 
 
 I had to hurry to go to my office, to write letters, go 
 over my mail, and (be prompt at) keep several 
 business appointments. 
 
 A onze heures, il y avait une reunion im- 
 portante du Conseil de la Defense Na- 
 tionale. 
 
 At eleven o'clock, there was an important meeting- of 
 the council of national defense. 
 
 L'apres-midi, j'ai assiste a une seance irite- 
 ressante a la Chambre des deputes. La 
 politique, les discussions entre les dif- 
 ferents partis me passionnent. 
 
 In the afternoon, I attended an interesting session at 
 the Chamber of Deputies. — Politics — discus- 
 sions between different parties are very excit- 
 ing to me. 
 
 Ensuite, j'ai du faire deux visites indispen- 
 sables, ou Ton a touche a toutes les 
 questions, depuis la guerre mondiale et 
 ses generaux — la musique — la pein- 
 ture, etc. — jusqu'au plus petit bavar- 
 dage! (cancan). 
 
 Then, I had two indispensable calls' to pay during 
 which all questions were touched upon — from 
 the world war and its generals — music — paint- 
 ing, etc. — down to the smallest gossip. 
 
 Je suis rentre chez moi — j'ai endosse — 
 enfile mon habit pour aller diner en 
 ville. 
 
 I went home, put on my dress suit, to go out to dinner. 
 
 Nous avons passe une heure au cinema — 
 ce n'etait pas fameux (bon). — On a 
 joue une piece tres triste, une autre 
 gaie. — II y faisait une chaleur etouf- 
 fante. 
 
 We spent an hour at the movies. — It was not good. 
 — They played a very sad play and a cheerful 
 one. — The heat was stifling. 
 
138 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Apres cela, nos notes ont insiste pour nous 
 faire prendre des rafraickissements — 
 des huitres — des glaces. 
 
 After that, our hosts insisted on our taking refresh- 
 ments — oysters — ice-cream. 
 
 Je suis arrive a mon logis a minuit, ereinte 
 — a moitie mort de fatigue ! J 'ai dormi 
 tout d'un trait — toute la nuit. 
 
 I got to my home at midnight — worn out — half 
 dead with fatigue. — I slept all night at a 
 stretch. 
 
 Ce matin, je me sens repose, et pret a re- 
 commencer. 
 
 This morning, I feel rested and ready to begin over 
 again. 
 
 ADDITIONAL CLASSIFIED VOCABULARY AND 
 EXPRESSIONS 
 
 Salutations — Greetings 
 (Lesson 1) 
 
 rencontrer to meet 
 
 faire la connaissance de..to make the acquaint- 
 ance of 
 
 enchante de vous voir ...delighted to see you 
 
 connattre to know 
 
 vous plaisez-vous ici? do you like it here? 
 
 revenez bientot come soon again 
 
 au plaisir de vous revoir..hope to see you soon 
 
 again 
 
 Parties du corps — Parts of the body 
 (Relating to lesson 2) 
 
 cheveux blonds blond hair 
 
 cheveux bruns brown hair (dark) 
 
 roux — rotisse red headed 
 
 chauve bald 
 
 boiter to limp 
 
 boiteux lame 
 
 la bequille the crutch 
 
 bossu hunchback 
 
 la bosse the lump — bump 
 
 estropie crippled 
 
 mutile mutilated 
 
"OUR METHOD" 139 
 
 La nourriture — Food 
 
 (3rd lesson) 
 
 la bouteille de vin the bottle of wine 
 
 la carafe the decanter 
 
 les liqueurs the liquors 
 
 la boisson the beverage — drink 
 
 le sirop the syrup 
 
 c'est sur it is sour 
 
 c'est sucre it is sweet 
 
 les aliments the food 
 
 le potage the soup 
 
 le bouillon the soup 
 
 soupe au riz rice soup 
 
 les radis the radish 
 
 les cornichons the pickles 
 
 le pain bis (noir) brown bread 
 
 la croute the crust 
 
 la mie de pain the dough — crumb 
 
 griller . to toast 
 
 Pos the bone 
 
 gras — maigre fat — lean 
 
 la sauce the gravy- 
 sauce au vinaigre vinegar sauce 
 
 peu cuit — saignant underdone — rare 
 
 cru raw 
 
 sur le gril broiled 
 
 faire de la patisserie to bake 
 
 I'oie the goose 
 
 I'oignon the onion 
 
 les epinards the spinach 
 
 artichaut artichoke 
 
 asperge asparagus 
 
 le champignon mushroom 
 
 le macaroni macaroni 
 
 decouper to carve 
 
 la tranche the slice 
 
 le dessert the dessert 
 
 le creme au cafe the coffee cream 
 
 la confiture — la gelee . . .preserves — jelly 
 
 la patisserie pastry 
 
 la confiserie confectionery 
 
 le confiseur the confectioner 
 
 la tarte the pie 
 
 le raisin — la vigne the grape — vine 
 
 le melon the melon 
 
 une grappe de raisins ....a bunch of grapes 
 
140 'OUR METHOD" 
 
 Fleurs, arbres — Flowers, trees 
 (3rd lesson) 
 
 1'epine the thorn 
 
 la branche the branch 
 
 ia tige the stem 
 
 le bouquet the bouquet 
 
 cueillir des fleurs to pick flowers 
 
 le coquelicot the poppy 
 
 le bleuet the cornflower 
 
 la marguerite the daisy 
 
 le feuillage — la feuille ..the foliage — leaf 
 
 la mousse the moss 
 
 fane — fletri faded — withered 
 
 des fleurs fraiches fresh flowers 
 
 La maison — The house 
 
 (4th lesson) 
 
 les boiseries the wood work 
 
 louer une maison to rent a house 
 
 meuble — non meuble ...furnished — non fur- 
 nished 
 
 le loyer the rent 
 
 le proprietaire the landlord 
 
 le locataire the tenant 
 
 le bail the lease 
 
 I'ameublement (m.) the furniture 
 
 les meubles (m.) the furniture 
 
 la bibliotheque the book case 
 
 la commode the bureau 
 
 le secretaire — le bureau. the desk 
 
 la lampe the lamp 
 
 le lustre the fixture 
 
 la bougie the candle 
 
 1'ecl.airage the lighting 
 
 la baignoire the bathtub 
 
 la batterie de cuisine ....the kitchenware 
 
 la casserole the saucepan 
 
 cuire au four to cook in the oven 
 
 les chenets andirons 
 
 le vase — la statue the vase — - the statue 
 
 les objets d'art the ornaments 
 
 les carreaux — les briques. the tiles — the bricks 
 les carreaux — les vitres. window panes 
 
 le cadre the frame 
 
 le portrait the picture 
 
"OUR METHOD" 141 
 
 Noms, age, famille — Names, age, family 
 (5th lesson) 
 
 Pierre Peter 
 
 Guillaume William 
 
 Jean John 
 
 Jacques James 
 
 I'aTne the eldest 
 
 le cadet (la cadette) the second 
 
 le bebe — le nouveau ne. .the baby — new born 
 
 la naissance the birth 
 
 naitre to be born 
 
 venir au monde to come into the world 
 
 le monde the world 
 
 tout le monde everybody 
 
 avoir du monde to have company 
 
 Le temps, les saisons — Time, season 
 (7th lesson) 
 
 venir a temps to come on time 
 
 etre en retard to be late (persons) 
 
 etre en avance to be ahead of time 
 
 il y a longtemps long ago 
 
 vieillir to age 
 
 il a vieilli he has aged 
 
 rajeunir to get younger 
 
 mourir — il est mort ... .to die — he died 
 la mort — les morts . . . .death — the dead 
 rendre le dernier soupir . .to breathe one's last 
 le temps de la moisson . .harvest time 
 moissonner — les mols- to harvest — the har- 
 
 sonneurs vesters 
 
 la recolte the crop 
 
 recolter to reap 
 
 la faux — faucher the scythe — to mow 
 
 la charrue the plough 
 
 la terre the soil 
 
 cultiver — labourer to cultivate — to till 
 
 le ble — le foin the wheat — hay 
 
 le grain — la graine seed 
 
 le ma'is — I'orge corn — barley 
 
 la ferme the farm 
 
 le fermier (ere) . , the farmer 
 
 I'ecurie — I'etable the stable, the cowhouse 
 
 la grange the barn 
 
 A la Poste — Post-office . 
 (8th lesson) 
 
 la carte postale the post card 
 
 le mandat-poste the money order 
 
 le bon de poste the postal order 
 
142 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 le colis postal parcel post 
 
 la lettre recommandee ...registered letter 
 
 le courrier the mail 
 
 la botte aux lettres the letter box 
 
 I'expediteur the sender — remitter 
 
 le destinataire receiver — payee 
 
 Au Theatre — Theater, the play 
 
 (9th lesson) 
 
 le rideau — la toile the curtain 
 
 lever et baisser le rideau. to raise, lower the cur- 
 tain 
 
 I'acoustique (f.) the acoustics 
 
 une piece de theatre a play 
 
 la piece a these a problem play 
 
 la repetition — repeter . . .the rehearsal — to re- 
 hearse 
 I'entr'acte — Facte (m.) . . the intermission — the 
 
 act 
 
 le role the part 
 
 jouer le role de to take the part of 
 
 le souffleur .the prompter 
 
 le regisseur the stage manager 
 
 le chef d'orchestre the orchestra leader 
 
 le bureau de location . . . .the ticket office 
 le cinematographe — 
 
 cinema the moving picture 
 
 les droits d'auteur the royalties 
 
 le benefice the profit — the benefit 
 
 En Voyage — Travels 
 
 (10th lesson) 
 
 Pindicateur the time table 
 
 prendre ses billets take one's tickets 
 
 aller et retour round trip 
 
 a qui s'adresser whom to apply to 
 
 adressez-vous a apply to 
 
 des reclamations a faire . .complaints to make 
 demander des renseigne- 
 
 ments ask for information 
 
 pouvez-vous me renseig- 
 
 ner? can you inform me? 
 
 la bateau (le navire) a 
 
 vapeur . .the steamer 
 
 les vagues .-. .the waves 
 
 trouver son chemin. . , to find one's way 
 
 s'orienter ............... to find one's way 
 
"OUR METHOD" 143 
 
 Emplettes — Shopping 
 (11th lesson) 
 
 en gros — en detail wholesale — retail 
 
 magasin de nouveautes . , dry goods store 
 vendre, acheter a credit.. to sell, buy, on credit 
 mettre sur le compte de . .to charge, put to the 
 
 debiter account of 
 
 le rayon de bonneterie ...the hosiery department 
 
 les bas (m.) the stockings 
 
 bas de soie, de laine, etc.. stockings of silk — wool 
 
 de couleur colored 
 
 bon teint fast color 
 
 mauvais teint that will fade 
 
 a teinture — teindre . . . the dye — to dye 
 
 e teinturier the dyer 
 
 tremper .to dip 
 
 couleur passee faded color 
 
 a voilette the veil 
 
 e voile the veil 
 
 a dentelle the lace 
 
 a broderie the embroidery 
 
 ourle a jour hemstitched 
 
 e ruban the ribbon 
 
 a brosse a dents the tooth brush 
 
 a brosse a cheveux the hair brush 
 
 a poudre — se poudrer. . the powder — to powder 
 
 es agrafes et portes the hooks and eyes 
 
 es manchettes the cuffs 
 
 es boutons de manchette.the cuff buttons 
 
 a soie a coudre the sewing silk 
 
 articles de toilette toilet articles 
 
 a lime a ongles the nail file 
 
 e pompon — la houppe ..the powder puff 
 
 a parfumerie the perfumery 
 
 e parfum — le parfumeur.the perfume — perfumer 
 
 es sels the salts 
 
 e sac de voyage the traveling bag 
 
 e necessaire de voyage ..the traveling outfit 
 
 a pierre ponce the pumice stone 
 
 a pommade the salve — cream 
 
 es fourrures the furs 
 
 e manchon the muff 
 
 e tour de cou, Tetole . . . .the stole 
 
 a loutre .the otter (seal) 
 
 e renard the fox 
 
 a zibeline the sable 
 
 e porte-mon-naie ......... the purse 
 
 'ombrelle (i.) the umbrella 
 
 e sac (sac a main) the bag — hand bag 
 
144 'OUR METHOD" 
 
 Articles de Bureau — Stationery 
 (13th lesson) 
 le commerce et Pindustrie. commerce — industry 
 
 la mappemonde the map of the world 
 
 la papeterie stationery 
 
 le crayon the pencil 
 
 la craie ..." the chalk 
 
 le tableau noir the black-board 
 
 la colle the mucilage 
 
 ie papier-buvard the blotting paper 
 
 la gomme a effacer the eraser (gum) 
 
 le papier a lettre the writing paper 
 
 le canif the pen knife 
 
 le grattoir the erasing knife 
 
 le chapitre the chapter 
 
 le format the size 
 
 I'imprimeur the printer 
 
 I'affiche — afficher the poster — to post 
 
 I'annonce the poster — bill 
 
 la reclame advertising — adver- 
 tisement 
 Some useful verbs 
 
 accepter, agreer accept 
 
 remercier to thank 
 
 arracher to pull 
 
 accrocher to hang 
 
 supplier — exaucer to beseech — fulfill 
 
 oublier — se rappeler . . .to forget, to remember 
 
 trouver — perdre to find — to lose 
 
 attaquer — defendre to attack — to defend 
 
 proteger — persecuter . . .to protect — persecute 
 
 rire — pleurer to laugh — to cry 
 
 dechirer — raccommoder. to tear — to mend 
 construire — demolir ....to build — to demolish 
 
 naitre — mourir be born — to die 
 
 entrer — sortir come in — go out 
 
 monter — descendre go up — go down 
 
 tomber — se relever fall — get up again 
 
 faire une chute to take a tumble 
 
 se moucher to blow one's nose 
 
 offenser — pardon ner ... .to offend — to pardon 
 
 eternuer to sneeze 
 
 tousser — cracher ...... .to cough — to spit 
 
 bailler . to yawn 
 
 s'amuser — s'ennuyer ...enjoy one self — to be 
 
 bored 
 se louer — se plaindre . ..to boast— to complain 
 s'apercevoir — apercevoir.to notice — to perceive 
 se douter ■ — douter suspect — doubt 
 
"OUR METHOD" 145 
 
 lire — ecrire read — write 
 
 jouer — travailler play — work 
 
 nager swim 
 
 permettre — defendre ...permit — prohibit 
 
 etudier study 
 
 souffrir — mentir .suffer — to lie 
 
 ouvrir — fermer open — close 
 
 dire — medire say — to slander 
 
 demander — repondre . . .ask — answer 
 
 accepter — refuser accept — refuse 
 
 casser — rompre break 
 
 briser break 
 
 verser — repandre to spill — to pour out 
 
 L'esprit — L'ame — Les sentiments 
 
 Vertus — Vices, etc. 
 
 Spirit — Soul — Sentiment 
 
 Virtues — Vices, etc. 
 
 a beaute — la laideur. .. beauty — ugliness 
 
 a bonte — ia mechancete. kindness — badness 
 
 a jalousie jealousy 
 
 a verite — le mensonge. .truth — untruth, lie 
 a sincerite — la faussete. sincerity — falsehood 
 a modestie — la vanite . .modesty — vanity 
 
 'orgueil — la fierte conceit — pride 
 
 a confiance — la mefiance. confidence — distrust 
 
 a foi faith 
 
 'amitie — la haine friendship — hatred 
 
 'amour — la sympathie. .love — sympathy 
 
 'antipathie antipathy 
 
 a gaite — la tristesse . . .gaiety — sadness 
 'intelligence — la betise. intelligence — stupidity 
 
 e bien good 
 
 e mal evil 
 
 e vice vice 
 
 a vertu virtue 
 
 a sagesse — la folie ....wisdom — madness, 
 
 folly 
 
 a raison reason 
 
 a douceur — la durete ..gentleness, sweetness 
 
 — hardness 
 a gratitude — Pingrati- 
 
 tude gratitude — ingratitude 
 
 e desir .desire 
 
 'activite — I'oisivete . . . activity — idleness 
 
 a paresse laziness 
 
 a reconnaissance gratitude, gratefulness 
 
 e respect — le mepris . . .respect — contempt 
 a grossierete" , , .V. ..... . .coarseness 
 
146 "OUR METHOD' ' 
 
 la distinction refinement 
 
 le bonheur — le malheur. happiness — unhappi- 
 
 ness 
 la loyaute — deloyaute . .loyalty — disloyalty 
 
 le devouement devotion 
 
 la franchise frankness 
 
 la volonte will 
 
 la patience — I'impatience patience — impatience 
 I'ordre — le desordre . . . .order — ■ disorder 
 
 I'habilete skill 
 
 I'hypocrisie hypocrisy 
 
 la force — la faiblesse . . .strength — weakness 
 I'economie — I'avance . . .economy — avarice 
 la sottise — la stupidite . .silliness — ■ stupidity 
 Adjectives 
 
 jaloux (se) jealous 
 
 adroit — maladroit clever — awkward 
 
 vrai true, real 
 
 faux (sse) false 
 
 sincere sincere 
 
 modeste modest 
 
 vain (e) vain 
 
 orgueilleux (se) conceited — proud 
 
 conf iant confident 
 
 sympathique sympathetic 
 
 antipathique unsympathetic 
 
 loyal — deloyal loyal — disloyal 
 
 intelligent — bete intelligent — stupid 
 
 spirituel witty — spiritual 
 
 sage — fou wise — - mad 
 
 doux (ce) — dur gentle — hard 
 
 habile — inhabile skilful — awkward 
 
 ingrat ungrateful 
 
 reconnaissant grateful 
 
 paresseux lazy 
 
 respectueux . respectful 
 
 distingue refined, distinguished 
 
 laid (e) ugly 
 
 Grouping of very useful expressions 
 
 y a-t-il? .is there? 
 
 qu'y a-t-il? what is there? 
 
 il y a ............. , there is — there are 
 
 j'ai besoin de I need 
 
 avez-vous besoin de? ... .do you need? 
 
 il me faut ..-.: I need — must have 
 
 qu'est-ce qu'il vous faut?. what do you need? 
 
 que desirez-vous? . . . . what do yon wish? 
 
 donnez-moi, s'il vous plait. give me, if you please 
 
"OUR METHOD" 147 
 
 ayez I'obligeance de me have the kindness to 
 
 dire tell me 
 
 voulez-vous avoir la bonte will you be kind en- 
 
 de ough to 
 
 a qui demander? whom to ask 
 
 s'adresser a to apply to 
 
 que voulez-vous dire? what do you mean? 
 
 qu'est-ce que cela veut 
 
 dire? what does that mean? 
 
 comment cela s'appelle- 
 
 t-il ? what is that called? 
 
 qu'est-ce que c'est que 
 
 cela? what is that? 
 
 comment dit-on? how does one say? 
 
 comment se fait-il how is it 
 
 A few idiomatic expressions: 
 Cela (or 5a) m'est egal — I do not care 
 Cela (ca) m'ennuie — it annoys me 
 Cela (ga) m'embete — it annoys me (familiar) 
 Cela se peut — it may be 
 Cela ne se fait pas — that is not done 
 Cela se voit — it is seen 
 Cela (5a) me va — that suits me 
 Cela se comprend — that is easily understood 
 Fa ire faire — to have made to order 
 Faire face — to face 
 faire dire — send word 
 faire savoir — let one know 
 faire chercher — faire venir — send for 
 depuis quand? — since when? 
 depuis combien de temps? — since how long? 
 il y a longtemps — long ago — It is a long time, 
 j'ai besoin de — I need 
 
 a votre service — you are welcome (at your dis- 
 posal) 
 il n'y a pas de quoi — you are welcome (answer- 
 ing thanks) 
 quel est le chemin? — which way is it? 
 de quel cote? — which way is it? 
 ou trouve-t-on? — where can one find? 
 oj faut-il aller? — where must I go? 
 faire I aver du linge — to have clothes washed 
 combien coute? — how much costs? 
 combien est-ce? — how much is it? 
 quel est le prix? — what is the price? 
 combien vendez-vous? — how much do you sell? 
 c'est cher — it is dear 
 bon marche —cheap 
 montrez-moi — show me 
 
148 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 loin — ■ far pres — ■ near 
 
 est-ce loin? — is it far? ? 
 
 Dieu merci — thank God 
 
 Dieu soit loue — God be praised 
 
 Dieu vous benisse — God bless you 
 
 Dieu vous garde — God preserve you 
 
 Dieu vous preserve — God preserve you 
 
 A Dieu ne plaise — God beware 
 
 Si Dieu veut — Please God 
 
 Dieu veuille — May it please God 
 
 avoir affaire a — to have to deal with 
 
 avoir bonne mine — to look well 
 
 cela fait mon affaire — that suits me 
 
 avoir beau dire (faire) — no matter what one says 
 
 (does) 
 vous avez beau dire (faire) — no matter what you 
 
 say (do) 
 avoir lieu, cela aura lieu — to take place (it will) 
 se tirer d'affaire — to manage to get along 
 melez-vous de vos affaires — mind your business 
 Tout va bien — all is well 
 
 avoir I'air ennuye, malade — lo look worried, sick 
 qu'est-ce qu'il y a? — what is the matter? 
 il n'y a rien — nothing is the matter 
 un coup de pied, de poing — a kick, a fist blow 
 un coup de theatre — an unexpected event 
 de bon cceur — heartily 
 a contre coeur — reluctantly 
 mal de cceur — nauseousness 
 cela veut dire — that means 
 trouver a red ire — to find fault with 
 Bien entendu — of course, agreed 
 s'ennuyer apres quelqu'un — to miss someone 
 avoir de I'esprit — to be witty 
 etre au courant — to be well informed 
 etre en train — to be in the mood (also) in the 
 
 act of 
 mettre en train — to start going, to set things 
 
 going 
 faire dire — to let one know, to send word 
 faire du bien — to do good 
 comment se fait-il que? — how is it that? 
 cela se fait — it is the style 
 je me suis fait mal — I hurt myself 
 laissez-moi tranquille — leave me alone 
 laissez dire — let people talk 
 cela me manque — I miss that . — 
 
 vous m'avez manque — I have missed you 
 comme il faut — refined- 
 
"OUR METHOD" 149 
 
 manquer de parole — not to keep one's word 
 
 mettre de cote — to put aside, to save 
 
 je n'en peux plus — I am worn out 
 
 c'est possible — it is possible 
 
 cela se peut — that may be 
 
 se passer de — to do without 
 
 une lettre de faire part — a notice, circular letter 
 
 etre quitte — to get off, to be even 
 
 etre en mauvais etat — in bad condition 
 
 etre dans tous ses etats — in a flurry 
 
 etre difficile — hard to please 
 
 se mettre en colere — to get angry 
 
 cela marche bien — it goes well 
 
 cela saute aux yeux — it stares you in the face 
 
 cela torn be bien — it comes at the right moment 
 
 ils ne se voient pas — they are on bad termr 
 
 tomber malade — to be taken ill 
 
 toucher ses appointements — to get one's salary 
 
 EXPRESSIONS IDIOMATIQUES CLASSEES 
 CLASSIFIED IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS' 
 
 To express surprise: 
 Je n'en reviens pas! — I cannot get over it. 
 J'en demeure interdit — I am dumbfounded 
 J'en (Je) tombe des nues! — I am thunderstruck. 
 Je suis stupefait! — I am stunned. 
 Vous m'en voyez tout abasourdi. — I am dazed. 
 C'est a ne pas croire. — It is unbelievable. 
 
 Regret: 
 Quel dommage! — What a pity! 
 J'en suis desole. — I am sorry. 
 C'est desolant. — It is too bad. 
 C'est a en pleurer. — It is enough to make you cry. 
 Que c'est facheux! — How unfortunate. 
 Quel malheur! — What a misfortune. 
 Je ne m'en consolerai jamais. — I will never get 
 
 over it. 
 Vous m'en voyez au desespoir. — You see me in 
 
 despair. 
 
 Pleasure: 
 Quelle joie! — What joy. 
 Quel bonheur! — What happiness. 
 Quelle chance! — What luck 
 J'en suis ravie. — I am enraptured. 
 Je suis au septieme ciel! — I am in heaven. 
 Je nage dans la joie! — I am drunk with joy 
 
150 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Colere (anger) : 
 J'enrage! — I am enraged. 
 Je suis furieux — I am furious. 
 Je suis d'une colere! — I am in such anger! 
 Je ne sais ce que je pourrais lui faire. — I don't 
 
 know what I could do him. 
 J'y vois rouge. — I am blinded with rage. 
 
 Moquerie (sarcasm, mocking) 
 C'est trop drole! — It is too funny. 
 II y a de quoi mourir de rire! — It is enough to 
 
 make you die with laughter. 
 C'est tordant! — It is side splitting. 
 C'est a mourir de rire! — It is to die of laughter. 
 Quelle plaisanterie! — What a joke. 
 
 Rancune (rancor) 
 Je suis fache contre vous. — I am angry with you. 
 Je vous en veux. — I have a grudge against you. 
 Je ne vous le pardonnerai jamais. — I never will 
 
 forgive you. 
 Vous m'avez fait grand tort. — You injured me 
 
 very much. 
 Vous me le payerez. — You will pay dearly for it. 
 
 Reputation: 
 
 J'ai entendu parler de lui. — I have heard of him. 
 
 II est tres connu, tres estime. — He is very well 
 known. 
 
 On I'estime. — He is held in high esteem. 
 
 On en dit grand bien. — He is well spoken of. 
 
 II passe pour un homme d'esprit. — He is con- 
 sidered a bright man. 
 
 Orgueil, fierte (pride) 
 II croit qu'il sort de la cuisse de Jupiter. — He 
 
 thinks he is it. 
 II est fier comme un paon. — He is proud as a 
 
 peacock. 
 II se croit un phenix. — He thinks he is a phoenix. 
 On ne peut I'approcher. — He is unapproachable. 
 On ne peut Taborder. — You cannot get near him. 
 
 Prodigalite (lavishness) 
 
 C'est un panier perce. — He is a regular spend- 
 thrift. 
 
 II jette Pargent par les fenetres. — He squanders 
 money. 
 
 II gaspille I'argent. — He squanders money. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 151 
 
 II mange son ble en herbe. — He anticipates his 
 
 income. 
 II depense sans compter. — He spends his money 
 
 like water. 
 
 Mensonge (lie) : 
 II est faux comme un jeton. — He is as false as 
 
 Judas. 
 Mentir ne lui coute rien. — Lying is second nature 
 
 to him. 
 Le mensonge est son peche mignon. — Lying is 
 
 the least of his vices. 
 II ment avec aplomb — avec toupet — avec un 
 
 toupet infernal. — He is a brazen faced liar. 
 
 Franchise (frankness): 
 II dit les choses en face. — He says things openly. 
 II ne mache pas ses paroles. — He does not mince 
 words. 
 
 Doute (doubt) : 
 J'en doute. — I doubt it. 
 Vous voulez m'en faire accroire! — You want to 
 
 make me believe. 
 Vous ne me convaincrez pas; — You will not con- 
 vince me. 
 Ce n'est guere possible! — It is hardly possible. 
 Allez le dire ailleurs! — Tell that to the marines. 
 
 Difficulty (difficulty) : 
 II n'y a pas moyen (de). — There is no use. 
 C'est difficile! — It is difficult. 
 C'est la mer a boire! — It is a hard job. 
 C'est une tache ardue! — It is an arduous task. 
 Je n'en viendrai jamais a bout! — I never will 
 
 get to the end. 
 C'est presque impossible. — It is barely possible. 
 Vous aurez beau faire. — No matter what you do. 
 J'ai beau faire, J'ai beau essayer. — No matter 
 
 how much I try. 
 
 Reussite (success) : 
 Cela y est! — That is it. 
 C'est fait! — It is done. 
 J'en suis venu a bout. — I did it all right. 
 La chose est faite. — The matter is ended. 
 J'y suis parvenu. — I got there. 
 Je suis arrive a mes fins. — I got there. 
 J'ai reussi. — I succeeded. 
 
152 "OUR METHOD' 
 
 FAUTES DE LANGAGE 
 ERRORS IN LANGUAGE 
 
 Words which are alike in both languages, but 
 have different meanings: 
 
 French: English: 
 
 Le prejudice — detriment, wrong 
 le prejuge — the prejudice 
 
 la copie — the imitation, reproduction 
 un exemplaire — a copy (of a book) 
 
 la partition — score (of an opera) 
 la cloison — the partition 
 
 I'editeur — the publisher 
 le redacteur — the editor 
 
 la rente — the income, the revenue 
 le loyer — the rent 
 
 avertissement — warning 
 annonce — advertisement 
 
 la monnaie — the change, the coin 
 Targent — the money 
 
 la lecture — the reading 
 la conference — ■ the lecture 
 
 la confiance — confidence 
 
 la confidence — disclosure, secret. 
 
 le confectionneur — cloak and suit maker 
 le confiseur — confectioner 
 
 le pamphlet — libel 
 
 la brochure — pamphlet 
 
 les appointements — salary, fee 
 le rendez-vous — appointment 
 
 une application — dressing, medical application 
 une demande, une requete — application, 
 
 solicitation 
 
 la librairie — bookstore 
 la bibliotheque — library 
 
 les termes — expression, relationship 
 
 les conditions — terms 
 
 a quelles conditions — on what terms 
 
"OUR METHOD" 153 
 
 LETTER WRITING 
 
 FORMULES INITIALES 
 
 LETTER BEGINNINGS 
 
 De superieur a inferieur 
 
 Prom a superior to an inferior 
 
 Monsieur — Cher Monsieur — Cher Monsieur 
 
 X. (more familiar) — Madame — Chere Madame, 
 
 Chere Madame X. 
 
 D'inferieur a superieur 
 From an inferior to a superior 
 Monsieur — Monsieur et cher Maitre — Cher 
 Maitre — Monsieur et Ami — Cher Docteur. 
 Chere Madame et Bienfaitrice (benefactress). 
 
 D'egal a egal 
 Equal to equal 
 The form may vary at will. Ex.: Cher ami — 
 Cher confrere (collegue) — J'ai appris, cher col- 
 legue (I have heard, dear colleague). 
 
 FORMULES FINALES 
 
 ENDINGS 
 De superieur a inferieur 
 Soyez assure, Monsieur (Madame), de ma par- 
 faite consideration. 
 
 or 
 Veuillez agreer (Please accept), M . . ., l'ex- 
 pression (ou Tassurance) de ma consideration dis- 
 tinguee. 
 
 Croyez a ma sincere affection. 
 Votre tout devoue. 
 
 D'inferieur a superieur 
 Veuillez agreer l'expression de mes sentiments 
 les plus respectueux. 
 
 Recevez l'expression de mon respectueux de- 
 vouement — de ma profonde reconnaissance. 
 
 Je suis, M . . ., avec le plus profond respect, 
 votre tout devoue. 
 
 Permettez-moi de vous exprimer mon respec- 
 tueux — mon plus vif devouement. 
 
 D'egal a egal 
 
 Veuillez agreer, Monsieur (cher Monsieur), 
 l'expression de mes meilleurs sentiments (de ma 
 vive sympathie), (de ma sincere affection). 
 
 Je vous serre la main. 
 
 Bien a vous. 
 
 Cordialement a vous. 
 
154 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 D'homme a femme: 
 Man to woman: 
 Daignez agreer (ou "recevoir"). 
 Veuillez agreer (ou "recevoir") mes hommages 
 respectueux. 
 
 Veuillez agreer, Madame, l'hommage de mes 
 sentiments les plus devoues (ou respectueux). 
 De femme a homme: 
 Recevez, je vous prie (ou "agreez") l'expres- 
 sion (ou "l'assurance") de mes sentiments tres 
 distingues (les plus distingues). 
 A un domestique: 
 Je vous envoie le bonjour. 
 Je vous envoie mon bon souvenir. 
 
 LETTRES D'AFFAIRES 
 
 BUSINESS LETTERS 
 
 J'ai Fhonneur de vous informer que . . . 
 
 En reponse a votre honoree du 6 aout . . . 
 
 Je vous fais expedier (I am shipping you) par 
 meme courrier . . . 
 
 J'ai l'honneur de vous accuser reception de... 
 (acknowledge receipt of). 
 
 Pour terminer — To end 
 Recevez (Agreez) (Veuillez agreer) mes salu- 
 tations empressees — mes salutations sinceres. 
 
 LETTRES OFFIC1ELLES 
 OFFICIAL LETTERS 
 
 En tete — Headings. 
 
 Monsieur le Ministre. 
 
 Monsieur le Senateur. 
 
 Monsieur le President. 
 
 Madame la Directrice. 
 
 Madame l'Abbesse. 
 
 Madame la Generate. 
 However, there is a tendency to drop the titles 
 and using simply: Monsieur, Madame, when 
 addressing people. 
 
 To kings, popes, cardinals, the titles: Sire, 
 Tres Saint Pere, Votre Saintete, Votre Eminence, 
 using the third person. 
 
 Ex.: Votre saintete me permettra-t-elle? . . . 
 Votre excellence a-t-elle appris? . . . 
 
 For letters from civilians to an officer, they 
 use: "Monsieur" or "Mon cher Capitaine" (lieute- 
 
"OUR METHOD" 155 
 
 nant), according to the degree of intimacy. A 
 subordinate must always say: "Mon Capitaine — 
 Mon General — J'ai 1 honneur de solliciter de 
 votre bienveillance", etc. 
 
 Salutations finales: 
 
 Je suis avec respect, Monsieur le maire . . . 
 
 Je suis avec le plus profond respect . . . 
 
 Votre tres humble et obeissant serviteur. 
 
 Daignez agreer, M. le President, Thommage du 
 plus profond respect avec lequel j'ai l'honneur 
 d'etre votre humble . . . 
 
 MODULES DE CARTES OU "PETITS MOTS" 
 ET LETTRES. 
 EXAMPLES FOR CARDS, NOTES AND 
 LETTERS' 
 
 Envoi de fleurs'. 
 De la part de — (from). 
 M. X — 
 
 Avec mes meilleurs compliments. 
 Avec mes felicitations bien sinceres. 
 
 Condoleances: 
 Recevez l'expression de ma sympathie la plus 
 profonde (la plus sincere). 
 
 Invitations: 
 
 Style de oeremonie (formal). 
 Mr. et Mme. prient M. et Mme. B. de leur faire 
 Thonneur de venir diner chez eux le samedi soir, 
 8 aout, a 7 heures. 
 
 Reponse: 
 M. et Mme. B. remercient M. et Mme. X. de 
 leur aimable invitation et l'acceptent avec plaisir. 
 or: 
 M. et Mme. B. remercient M. et Mme. X. de 
 leur aimable invitation et se feront un plaisir 
 d'assister a leur diner. 
 
 LETTRES 
 
 Chere Madame, 
 Je suis desolee de repondre par un refus a 
 votre aimable invitation, mais il me sera impos- 
 sible, pour cause de sante, de Taccepter. 
 
 Croyez a mes regrets les plus sinceres et veuil- 
 lez agreer, avec mes remerciements, Tassurance 
 de mon entier devouement. 
 
 R. W. 
 
156 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Lettre de felicitations 
 Congratulating letter 
 Monsieur, 
 J'apprends avec plaisir l'honneur que Ton vient 
 de vous faire en vous decernant la decoration de 
 la Legion d'honneur. 
 
 Nul plus que moi ne reconnait le merite auquel 
 le Gouvernement frangais rend justice. 
 
 Je vous felicite bien sincerement et vous prie 
 de recevoir l'expression de mes sentiments les 
 plus distingues. 
 
 CLAIRE V. 
 
 EXERCISES FOR TRANSLATION 
 
 Exercise 1. 
 
 (See Grammar Lesson 1) 
 
 Do you speak? — Do you go? — Do you wish? 
 
 Do you not speak? — Do you not wish? — Do you 
 
 not go? — You do not speak. — You do not wish. 
 
 — You do not go. 
 
 Exercise 2. 
 
 (Grammar Lesson 2) 
 The horses — The animals — The canals — 
 The bals — The men — The hair — The noses — 
 The arms — The hands — The eyes — The jewels 
 
 — The cabbages — The works — The teeth. 
 
 Exercise 3 (Grammar Lesson 2) 
 
 Some bread — Butter — Wine — Flowers — 
 
 Men — Women — Children — Water — Books — 
 
 A pound of butter — A glass of water — A cup 
 
 of coffee — No bread — No meat — No flowers 
 
 — Much coffee — Enough books — More water — 
 Good books — Large tables — Small feet — 
 Pretty eyes — The man's child — The woman's 
 hat — The children's books — A silk dress. 
 
 A cup of tea — A tea cup 
 
 A box of letters — A letter box 
 
 A box of matches — A match box 
 
 Ex. 4 (Grammar Lesson 3) 
 Second form of the interrogative: 
 Do you eat? — Do you speak? — Do you walk? 
 
 — Do you drink? — Do you see? — Do you hear? 
 
 — What do you see? — What do you hear? — ■ 
 What do you know? — What do you eat? — What 
 do you drink? 
 
"OUR METHOD" 157 
 
 Ex. 5 (Grammar Lessons 4 and 5) 
 
 I am not — You are not — Have you not? — 
 Are you not? — We are not. 
 
 Larger. — He is taller than his brother. — She 
 is prettier than her sister — He is as tall as his 
 sister — The prettiest — The tallest — The rich- 
 est — My book — His pen — Her pencil — His 
 mother — Her father — Our brother — Your 
 books — Their children. 
 
 This table — This child — This man — This 
 woman — These books and those chairs. 
 
 A good woman — A happy mother — A new 
 book — A new pen — Good children — Large 
 tables — A cruel thing — No book — Each pen — 
 Several stories — The other day — The other 
 days. 
 
 Ex. 6 (Grammar Lesson 6) 
 
 The first — The third — The hundreth — The . 
 thousandth — The last time — May the first — 
 July the fourth — July the fourteenth — April 
 the second — December the twenty-fifth — Janu- 
 ary the first — Christmas is (on) December the 
 25th. 
 
 Henry the Fourth — Charles the First — Louis 
 XIV — Henry the VHIth. 
 
 Ex. 7 (Grammar 7) 
 I wash myself — You dress yourself — We take 
 a walk — I sit down — Do you get up early? — 
 I enjoy myself. 
 
 Do you wash with soap? — Did you get up 
 late? — At what time did you go to bed? — Did 
 you take a walk? 
 
 Enjoy yourself. 
 
 Dress yourself. 
 
 Sit down. 
 
 Get up — Do not get up — Go to bed — Take 
 a walk with me. 
 
 Ex. 8 (Grammar Lessons 7 and 8) 
 It is nice weather — It is warm — It is not 
 
 cold — It is damp — It is foggy — It is raining — 
 
 It is windy — It is freezing. 
 
 2. — Your book and mine — My pen and his — 
 
 Her mother and his — His father and hers — 
 
 Their children and mine — Your books and ours — 
 
 Our friends and yours. 
 
 This book and that one — My pen and that of 
 
 your brother — Your friends and those of your 
 
158 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 sister — This is for me and that is for you — It 
 is you — It is he — That amuses me — This and 
 that — This one and that one — These and those 
 
 — I do not care (cela or ga m'est egal). 
 
 Indefinite pronouns 
 One forgets easily — They (one) say — They 
 (on) speak French here — Everything is good 
 here — I see nothing — Nobody likes him — 
 Everyone likes her. 
 
 Personal pronouns 
 I know him — He knows me — You like her — 
 We see you — You do not see us — I give it to 
 you — You give it to me — I do not give it to her 
 
 — You did not write to me — I spoke to you — 
 I did not speak to them. 
 
 Speak to them. 
 
 Speak to me — Look at me — Read it — Give 
 it to me — Do not speak to me — Do not look at 
 me — Do not give it to me — Do not read it — 
 Give it to her — It is I — It is he — It is she — 
 With me — With him — With her — With them 
 
 — I speak of them — She and I speak French — 
 This is for you — for her — for them. — Without 
 her — Without them — Who did it? — I — You 
 
 — They. 
 
 He is a doctor (c'est) — They are lawyers — 
 
 She is a school teacher — We are friends They 
 
 are my friends. 
 
 Ex. 9 (Grammar Lesson 9) 
 
 • I saw — I spoke — I ate — I saw you — I 
 spoke to you — I ate it — Whom did you see? — 
 Where did you go? — Who went with you? 
 
 The book which is on the table. 
 
 The book which I read. 
 
 The pen which I bought. 
 
 The pencil with which I write. 
 
 Of what do you speak? 
 ' The lady whose child is sick. 
 
 The woman to whose child you spoke. 
 
 The man whose daughter you know. . 
 
 What? — Of what? — With what? 
 
 What do you say? 
 -Whom do you see? 
 
 With whom did you come? 
 
 — With- what" did you write? 
 . What you say is trus. 
 
"OUR M E T H O D ' ' 159 
 
 What is on the table is mine (a moi). 
 I do not know what pleases you. 
 I do not know what you want. 
 
 Ex. 10 (Grammar 12) 
 
 I am taking a lesson. 
 I was taking a lesson. 
 We used to speak French. 
 I took a lesson. 
 I spoke French. 
 He arrived last year. 
 We will speak to you. 
 
 I would have spoken to him, if I had seen him. 
 I want you to speak to him. 
 You must speak to her. 
 I am glad you spoke to them. 
 I am sorry you did not see them. 
 I am afraid he arrived too late. 
 You doubt he came on time. 
 Stay until I return. 
 I will go out unless it rains (pleuve). 
 Speak slowly — Dress simply — Act generous- 
 ly — Talk more charitably than he. 
 
 Ex. 11 (Grammar Lesson 10) 
 
 I am going to France — to Europe — to Asia 
 — to America — to the United States. — I will 
 stay in Paris — in London — in New York. — I 
 will travel to Brazil — to Perou — to Mexico — 
 to Japan. — I have been in Cairo. 
 
 Go to the butcher's — to the jeweler's — to 
 the milliner's — to the dressmaker's — to Mrs. 
 White's — to Mr. Brun's — to Duval's — to Sher- 
 ry's — to the Louvre — to the Bon March© — to 
 the Invalides — to the Pantheon — to the den- 
 tist's — to the doctor's — to the barber's. 
 
 Ex. 12 (Grammar 12) 
 
 I would be happy if you came. 
 
 He would come if he could. 
 
 We would see him if he were there. 
 
 We would have seen him if he had been there. 
 
 I would have spoken to you. 
 
 You would not have done that. 
 
160 "OUR METHOD' 
 
 FOR FRENCH READING AND RECITATION 
 
 ANECDOTES FRANQAISES 
 FRENCH ANECDOTES 
 
 Un etranger (1) parlait frangais a des dames 
 dans un salon de Paris. II racontait (2) ses voy- 
 ages, et dit: 
 
 "J'et'ais un an (il pronongait ane) a Rome, un 
 an(ane) a Paris, un an (ane) a Londres. . . — "Oh, 
 oui, je vois, repondit en souriant (3) une des 
 dames: "Vous avez ete un ane partout!" (4). 
 
 (1) foreigner — (2) related — (3) smiling — 
 (4) all over. 
 
 2. 
 
 Piron alia un jour rendre visite (1) a Voltaire, 
 qu'il ne trouva pas chez (2) lui. Voyant (3) la 
 table du salon couverte (4) de poussiere (5), il y 
 traca ce mot: "Cochcn!" (6) et s'en alia (7). 
 Le lendemain (8), rencontrant (9) Voltaire, il lui 
 dit: "J'etais chez vous, hier." — "Je le sais", re- 
 pondit Voltaire, "j'ai trouve votre carte." 
 
 (1) pay visit — (2) at home — (3) seeing — ■ 
 (4) covered — (5) dust — (6) pig — (7) went 
 away — (8) following day — (9) meeting. 
 
 3. 
 
 Un plagiaire (1) lisait (2) une de ses ceuvres 
 (3) a Piron. Remarquant (4) que celui-ci otait (5) 
 son chapeau a tout instant, il lui demanda ce (6) 
 que cela signifiait. "J'ai l'habitude", dit-il, "de 
 saluer (7) mes connaissances (8) quand je les 
 rencontre. 
 
 (1) plagiarist — (2) was reading — (3) works 
 — (4) noticing — (5) took off — (6) what — 
 (7) bow — (8) acquaintances. 
 
 4. 
 
 Sur la fagade (1) d'un hotel se (2) trouvait 
 l'inscription suivante (3) : "Ici on parle anglais, 
 allemand, espagnol, italien, russe". Un Anglais 
 entre et demande l'interprete. "Nous n'en avons 
 pas", lui dit le gargon. — "Eh bien! alors (4), qui 
 
"OUR METHOD" 161 
 
 done parle les langues mentionnees sur votre ecri- 
 teau?" (5) — "Mais, les voyageurs, Monsieur!" 
 
 (1) front — (2) was — (3) following — (4) 
 then — (5) sign. 
 
 5. 
 
 Un normand entra un jour chez un boulanger 
 (1) et demanda un pain de deux livres (2). Le 
 boulanger en mit un sur le comptoir (3). Le Nor- 
 mand en demanda le prix (4). Cinquante cen- 
 times. "II n'a pas le poids" (5), dit le Normand. 
 "N'importe (6), il sera plus facile (7) a porter" 
 (8), repond le boulanger. L'acheteur (9) met 
 alors quarante centimes sur le comptoir. "Ce 
 n'est pas assez", dit le boulanger. "N'importe", 
 repond l'autre, "ce sera plus facile a compter (10). 
 
 (1) baker — (2) pounds — (3) counter — (4) 
 price — (5) weight — (6) nevermind — (7) easier 
 — (8) carry — (9) buyer — (10) count. 
 
 6. 
 
 Une femme tres agee dit a Fontenelle, plus 
 vieux (1) encore (2) : "La mort (3), je crois (4), 
 nous a oublies!" (5). — "Chut!" dit Fontenelle en 
 mettant un doigt sur ses levres. 
 
 (1) old — (2) still — (3) death — (4) I be- 
 lieve — (5) forgotten. 
 
 7. 
 
 Un enfant oblige de tenir compagnie (1) au 
 cure" (2) venu en visite (3), et qui mourait (4) 
 d'envie d'aller jouer (5) avec ses camarades, dit: 
 "Monsieur le cure\ est-ce vrai (6) que le bon Dieu 
 est partout present?" — "Mais oui, mon enfant." 
 — "Partout, partout?" — "Oui, partout." — "Bien 
 sur?" — "Tout-a-fait sur." — "Alors (8), Monsieur 
 le cure\ je puis m'en aJJer: vous n'etes plus (9) 
 seul!" (10). - 
 
 (1) keep company — (2) priest— (3) on a 
 visit — (4) was dying to — (5) play — (6) true 
 — (7) quite <— (8) then - (9) no longer — flOY 
 alone- - . \ / 
 
162 'OUR METHOD' 
 
 ESPRIT FRANQAIS 
 FRENCH WIT 
 
 Un mauvais (1) ecrivain (2) s'accusait (3) 
 humblement (4) a Fontenelle d'avoir publie (5) 
 contre (6) lui une brochure (7) outrageante. 
 "Monsieur, vous me l'apprenez!" (9) repondit le 
 philosophe. 
 
 (1) bad — (2) writer — (3) accused himself — 
 (4) humbly — (5) published — (6) against — (7) 
 pamphlet — (8) insulting — (9) you just informed 
 me of it! (I never knew it until you told me!) 
 
 Benserade prit (1) a l'Academie la place de 
 Furetiere qu'il n'aimait pas. II dit en la pre- 
 nant (2) : "Voila (3) une place ou je vais dire bien 
 des sottises!" (4). — "Courage!" lui cria Fure- 
 tiere — "Vous avez bien commence!" (5). 
 
 (1) took — (2) taking it — (3) this is — (4) 
 foolish things — (5) started well! 
 
 Madame de .... faisait (1) cette question a 
 Fontenelle: "Quelle difference y a-t-il entre (2) 
 moi et la pendule?" (3) — "La pendule marque 
 les heures", repondit-il, "et vous les faites oub- 
 lier!" (4) 
 
 (1) asked — (2) between — (3) clock — (4) 
 make one forget them. 
 
 Un auteur (1) qui faisait ecrire (2) ses ceuvres 
 par de pauvres ecrivains (3) demanda a quel- 
 qu'un: "Avez-vous lu mon livre?" — "Et vous?", 
 repondit l^autre. v. 
 
 (1) author — (2) had written — (3) writers. 
 
"OUR METHOD" 163 
 
 SECTION MILITAIRE 
 
 Military Section 
 
 Quelques expressions se rapportant a la guerre 
 
 A few expressions relating to the war 
 
 la paix peace 
 
 les pays neutres the neutral countries 
 
 la violation de la neutra- 
 lity violation of neutrality 
 
 le drapeau the flag 
 
 Petendard the standard 
 
 couler sans avertir to sink without warning 
 
 rompre les relations di- to break off diplomatic 
 
 plomatiques relations 
 
 remettre un passeport ...to be handed one's 
 
 passport 
 
 sous les drapeaux with the colors 
 
 s'enroler to enlist — I have en- 
 
 Je me suis enrole listed 
 
 I'engage volontaire the volunteer 
 
 camp d'entramement training camp 
 
 chiffon de papier the scrap of paper 
 
 I'armee the army 
 
 la marine the navy 
 
 passer le conseil de revi- to pass the medical ex- 
 
 sion amination 
 
 le signalement personal description 
 
 I'emprunt the loan 
 
 bombarder to bombard 
 
 passer en conseil de 
 
 guerre to be court-martialed 
 
 prendre I'offensive assume the offensive 
 
 aller en reconnaissance . .reconnoitre 
 
 aller en eclaireur to scout 
 
 mettre hors de combat ...to disable 
 Pennemi a ete repousse, .the enemy has been re- 
 pulsed 
 il a ete cite a I'ordre du he has had a mention 
 
 jour in orders 
 
 citation a I'ordre du jour. .mention in orders 
 eprouver de grosses 
 
 pertes to lose heavily 
 
 mettre en deroute to rout 
 
 I'armee a ete mise en the army has been 
 
 deroute routed 
 
 faire des prisonniers ...to take prisoners 
 
 nouvelles du front news from the front 
 
 a portee de fusil within rifle range 
 
 quelles sont les nouvelleswhat is the news from 
 
 du front? the front? 
 
164 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Titres et Grades — Titles and ranks 
 
 I'empereur emperor 
 
 le roi king 
 
 le prince prince 
 
 le due duke 
 
 le comte count 
 
 le president president 
 
 le ministre minister 
 
 le marechal , field marshal 
 
 le general general 
 
 le colonel colonel 
 
 le lieutenant lieutenant 
 
 Se sous-lieutenant second lieutenant 
 
 Toff icier officer 
 
 le sous-off icier non-commissioned 
 
 le sergent sergeant 
 
 simple soldat private 
 
 poilu private 
 
 avancement . . . . promotion 
 
 monter en grade .to be promoted 
 
 decorer to decorate 
 
 decerner la medaille award the medal 
 
 Tetoile des braves medal for bravery 
 
 les chevrons stripes (of grade) 
 
 les insignes insignia 
 
 Armee — Army 
 
 billets de logement billeting orders 
 
 loger to accommodate 
 
 y at-il de la place? is there room? 
 
 il n'y a plus de place there is no more room 
 
 y a-t-il de la place pour have you room for our 
 
 nos chevaux horses? 
 
 les details particulars 
 
 merci de votre hospital ite. thanks for your hospi- 
 tality 
 
 les munitions ammunition 
 
 les balles shrapnel — bullets 
 
 obus shell 
 
 le fusil . -gun 
 
 I'epee the sword 
 
 I e canon . :...... the cannon 
 
 la bombe the bomb 
 
 la grenade .... ... . :. . .the grenade 
 
 gaz asphyxiants .....:,.. asphyxiating gas 
 
 explosifs . explosives 
 
 artillerie (tourde,. legere) .artillery (heavy, light) 
 infanterie . .......... infantry 
 
"OUR METHOD" 165 
 
 artillerie de campagne ...field artillery 
 artillerie de montagne ...mountain artillery 
 
 artillerie cotiere coast artillery 
 
 la mitrailleuse machine gun 
 
 le canon de siege siege gun 
 
 le canon contre-avion ....anti-air craft 
 
 le chargeur loading apparatus 
 
 la visee aim — sight 
 
 la cible — le but target aim 
 
 le tir a la cible target-practice — 
 
 a portee etendue at long range 
 
 a portee courte at short range 
 
 le feu regulier steady fire 
 
 le tir de barrage curtain fire 
 
 la charge load 
 
 cavalerie cavalry 
 
 I'escadron the squadron 
 
 le mors the bit 
 
 le harnais the harness 
 
 la bride the bridle 
 
 la selle the saddle 
 
 I'etrier the stirrup 
 
 le fer a chevai the horse-shoe 
 
 marechal-ferrant the blacksmith 
 
 I'ecurie the stable 
 
 le seau the bucket 
 
 le ratelier the rack 
 
 le fourrage the forrage — fodder 
 
 le foin the hay 
 
 I'avoine the oats 
 
 le son the bran 
 
 la botte de paille the truss of straw 
 
 le pas pace 
 
 le galop gallop 
 
 ruer to kick 
 
 la defensive the defensive 
 
 se rendre to surrender 
 
 I'attaque de flanc flank attack 
 
 livrer I'assaut to storm 
 
 corps a corps hand to hand 
 
 embuscade ambush 
 
 aller au secours de to rescue 
 
 perdre to lose 
 
 gagner to win 
 
 faire retraite to retreat 
 
 la debandade the disbanding of 
 
 la defaite defeat 
 
 blesser to wound 
 
 tuer to kill 
 
166 'OUR METHOD" 
 
 manquant missing 
 
 mort dead 
 
 tue killed 
 
 evacuer to evacuate 
 
 piller plunder 
 
 faucher to mow down 
 
 la consigne orders — duty — con- 
 finement 
 
 I'avant-poste outposts 
 
 la ronde round 
 
 le mot d'ordre pass-word 
 
 le vaguemestre letter carrier 
 
 la solde pay 
 
 aux arrets under arrest 
 
 conseil de guerre court martial 
 
 passer en to be tried by 
 
 deserter to desert 
 
 traitre traitor 
 
 espion spy 
 
 lache coward 
 
 trahir to betray 
 
 espionner to spy 
 
 signal signal 
 
 I'alarme the alarm 
 
 la diane the bugle 
 
 le reveil the reveille 
 
 couchez-vous lie down 
 
 taisez-vous silence! 
 
 baissez la tete keep your head down 
 
 Chevaux — Horses 
 
 ecurie stable 
 
 donner a boire au cheval.to water the horse 
 
 panser un cheval to groom a horse 
 
 ou pouvons-nous avoir? ...where can we get 
 
 Le camp — The camp 
 
 camper to camp 
 
 camp fixe permanent camp 
 
 camp retranche entrenched camp 
 
 la tranchee trench 
 
 les boyaux ways (of trenches) 
 
 la tente the tent 
 
 le charbon the coal 
 
 le bois the wood 
 
 faire bouillir to boil 
 
 allumer (allumettes) to light (matches) 
 
 le marteau the hammer 
 
 la pelle -the shovel 
 
"'OUR METHOD'' 167 
 
 les vivres food supplies 
 
 le ravitaillement supplies 
 
 le magasin store 
 
 Transport — Transportation 
 
 le chemin de fer the railroad 
 
 le rail the rail 
 
 le convoi the convoy- 
 la gare the station — depot 
 
 le fourgon the van 
 
 automobile blindee armored car 
 
 le camion the truck 
 
 le camion-automobile motor truck 
 
 I'autobus the motor bus 
 
 la roue the wheel 
 
 le chassis the chassis (frame) 
 
 le moteur the motor 
 
 le carburateur the carburetor 
 
 essence gasoline 
 
 la piqure the puncture 
 
 la crevaison the blowout 
 
 reparer to mend 
 
 crever to blow out 
 
 le pneu — bandage tire 
 
 la direction stearing gear 
 
 le volant stearing wheel 
 
 la vitesse the speed 
 
 le phare the head light 
 
 la batterie the battery 
 
 accelerer to speed up 
 
 ralentir to slow up 
 
 en panne break down 
 
 deraper to skid 
 
 demarrer start 
 
 Aviation 
 
 aeronaute aeronaut 
 
 aviateur aviator 
 
 dirigeable dirigible 
 
 ballon libre free balloon 
 
 aeroplane aeroplane 
 
 avion aeroplane 
 
 biplan biplane 
 
 monoplan monoplane 
 
 hydroplan hydroplane 
 
 le lest ballast 
 
 I'helice (f.) propeller 
 
 mettre en marche to start 
 
168 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 Paile the wing 
 
 le volant hand wheel 
 
 le gouvernail . . . rudder 
 
 la boussole compass 
 
 survoler to fly over 
 
 boucler la boucle loop the loop 
 
 observer to observe 
 
 reparer to repair 
 
 Hopital — ■ Hospital 
 
 blesse wounded 
 
 la blessure -the wound 
 
 le medecin the doctor 
 
 le chirurgien the surgeon 
 
 I'infirmiere the nurse 
 
 la garde-malade the nurse 
 
 la Croix-Rouge Red Cross 
 
 !e brancardier stretcher bearer 
 
 Taumonier . the chaplain 
 
 la plaie the wound 
 
 la fracture the fracture 
 
 la luxation the sprain 
 
 la contusion the bruise 
 
 la cicatrice the scar 
 
 la douleur the pain 
 
 la f ievre the fever 
 
 aveugle blind 
 
 la paralysie paralysis 
 
 mal aux yeux sore eyes 
 
 sourd deaf 
 
 service de sante medical corps 
 
 de garde on duty 
 
 le pansement the dressing 
 
 paquet de pansement .... first aid medical pack- 
 age 
 la medecine (medica- 
 ment) the medicine 
 
 le remontant the stimulant 
 
 la potion calmante sleeping draught 
 
 la pilule the pill 
 
 la charpie the lint 
 
 antiseptique antiseptic 
 
 la piqure the injection 
 
 anesthesique • anaesthetic 
 
 I'echarpe the sling 
 
 en echarpe in a sling 
 
 I'eclisse . the splint 
 
 le platre the cast (plaster) 
 
'OUR METHOD" 169 
 
 Expressions 
 
 je suis frappe I am hit 
 
 avez-vous mal? do you suffer? 
 
 souffrez-vous? do you suffer? 
 
 avalez ceci swallow this 
 
 une cuilleree . '. a spoonful 
 
 prenez sa temperature ...take his temperature 
 
 respirez plus fort breathe deeper 
 
 buvez cela drink that 
 
 soulevez-le raise him 
 
 je me sens mieux I feel better 
 
 appelez la garde call the nurse 
 
 tournez mon oreiller turn my pillows 
 
 j'ai chaud I am warm 
 
 vous serez gueri you will be cured 
 
 en convalescence convalescing 
 
 LA MARINE — THE NAVY 
 
 off icier de marine naval officer 
 
 amiral admiral 
 
 contre-amiral rear admiral 
 
 chef d'escadre commodore 
 
 e capitaine captain 
 
 e lieutenant lieutenant 
 
 'enseigne ensign 
 
 e maitre d'equipage boatswain 
 
 'equipage crew 
 
 e maitre charge warrant officer 
 
 e matelot sailor 
 
 'ingenieur engineer 
 
 e chauffeur stoker 
 
 e debardeur stevedore 
 
 'escadre squadron 
 
 e convoi convoy 
 
 e vaisseau de guerre war ship 
 
 e croiseur the cruiser 
 
 e cuirasse the battle ship 
 
 a tourelle blindee armored turret 
 
 e torpilleur torpedo boat 
 
 e contre-torpilleur destroyer 
 
 a mer sea 
 
 e sous-marin submarine 
 
 e periscope periscope 
 
 e transport de troupes . . .transport 
 e navire ship 
 
170 "OUR METHOD" 
 
 le bateau boat 
 
 le remorqueur tug boat 
 
 remorquer to tow 
 
 le pont deck 
 
 le canot de sauvetage . . . .life boat 
 
 le trailleur trawler 
 
 le chalutier trawler 
 
 I'helice propeller 
 
 submerger to submerge 
 
 a bord on board 
 
 noyer to drown 
 
 nager to swim 
 
 secourir to rescue 
 
 le naufrage shipwreck 
 
 couler to sink 
 
 la ceinture de sauvetage . .life belt 
 
 mer houleuse choppy sea 
 
 mer calme calm sea 
 
 le brouillard the fog 
 
 I'orage the storm 
 
 la tern pete the storm, the tempest 
 
 debarquer to land 
 
 ancrer to anchor 
 
 le debarquement the landing 
 
 le debarcadere wharf 
 
 mouille at anchor 
 
 la cote the coast 
 
 le port port — ■ harbor 
 
 amarrer to moor 
 
 a terre ashore 
 
 la jetee pier 
 
 I'ancre (f.) anchor 
 
 le phare lighthouse 
 
 Some military "argot" or "slang" 
 
 le pinard wine 
 
 le singe can of preserved meat 
 
 le cuistot ?. cook 
 
 la barbaque meat 
 
 la bidoche meat 
 
 plombe hour 
 
 une piloche tooth 
 
 les tiffs hair 
 
 les douilles hair 
 
 le ciboulot head 
 
 la caboche head 
 
OUR METHOD" 171 
 
 le pagot bed 
 
 les brisques stripes (grade) 
 
 les giries fuss — lamentations 
 
 se faire porter pale declare one is sick 
 
 gniole spirits — alcohol 
 
 flanchard . coward — slacker 
 
 poteau companion — chum 
 
 piger to catch — get 
 
 avoir du boulot have trouble 
 
 fourbi equipment 
 
 Parigot Parisian 
 
 le chateau la pompe water 
 
 le cafard blues — ■ depression 
 
 ne pas s'en falre not to worry 
 
 ne vous en faites pas ... .do not worry 
 
172 'OUR METHOD" 
 
 LA MARSEILLAISE 
 
 (Rouget de lisle, 1792) 
 Literal Translation. 
 
 Allons enfants de la Patrie 
 
 Come ye children of the (our) country 
 
 Le jour de gloire est arrive. 
 
 The day of glory is arrived. 
 
 Contre nous de la tyrannie 
 
 Against us of tyranny 
 
 L'etendard sanglant est leve. 
 
 The banner bloody is raised. 
 
 Entendez-vous dans les campagnes 
 
 Hear you in the fields 
 
 Mugir ces feroces soldats? 
 
 Roar those ferocious soldiers? 
 
 lis viennent jusque dans nos bras 
 
 They come even in our arms 
 
 Egorger nos f i Is, nos compagnes 
 
 Slay our sons, our wives 
 
 Aux armes, citoyens! 
 
 To arms, citizens! 
 
 Formez vos bataillons! 
 
 Form your batallions! 
 
 Marchons! Marchons! 
 
 Let us march! Let us march! 
 
 Qu'un sang impur 
 
 Let a blood impure 
 
 Abreuve nos sillons! 
 
 Quench (drench) our furrows (plains) 
 
 Amour sacre de la Patrie 
 
 Love sacred of the country 
 
 Conduis, soutiens nos bras vengeurs 
 
 Lead, sustain our arms avenging 
 
 Liberte, liberte cherie, 
 
 Liberty, liberty adored 
 
 Combats avec tes defenseurs! 
 
 Fight with thy defenders 
 
 Sous nos drapeaux que la victoire 
 
 Under our flags let victory 
 
 Accoure a tes males accents 
 
 Come running at thy viril strains 
 
 Que tes ennemis expirants 
 
 Let thy enemies dying 
 
 Voient ton triomphe et notre gloire. 
 
 See thy triumph and our glory. 
 
 Aux armes, citoyens! — etc., etc. 
 
 To arms, citizens! 
 
"OUR METHOD" 173 
 
 LA MARSEILLAISE 
 Allons enfants de la patrie 
 Le jour de gloire est arrive 
 Contre nous de la tyrannie 
 L'etendard sanglant est leve 
 Entendez-vous dans les campagnes 
 Mugir ces feroces soldats? 
 lis viennent jusque dans nos bras 
 £gorger nos fils et nos compagnes. 
 Aux armes, citoyens! 
 Formez vos bataillonsl 
 Marchons! Marchons! 
 Qu'un sang impur 
 Abreuve nos sillons! 
 
 Amour sacre de la patrie 
 
 Conduis soutiens, nos bras vengeurs. 
 
 Liberte, Liberte cherie 
 
 Combats avec tes defenseurs! 
 
 Sous nos drapeaux, que la victoire 
 
 Accoure a tes males accents! 
 
 Que tes ennemis expirants 
 
 Voient ton triomphe et notre gloire. 
 
 Aux armes, citoyens! etc., etc. 
 
 LA MARSEILLAISE 
 Free English translation 
 Come ye children of our country 
 The day of glory has arrived 
 The bloody banner of tyranny 
 Has been raised against us. 
 Do you hear those ferocious soldiers 
 Roar in the plains? 
 They come to slay even in our arms 
 Our sons and our wives. 
 To arms! citizens! Form your batalions! 
 Let us march! Let us march! 
 And let an impure blood 
 Drench our fields! 
 Sacred love of our country 
 Lead, sustain our avenging arms. 
 Liberty, beloved liberty! 
 Fight along with thy defenders! 
 Let victory hasten under our flags, . 
 At thy viril strains. 
 Let thy dying enemies 
 Witness thy triumph and our glory. 
 To arms! citizens! Form your batalions! 
 
174 'OUR METHOD 
 
 VUES DE PARIS ET ENVIRONS 
 SIGHTS OF PARIS AND SURROUNDINGS' 
 
 Streets, Avenues and Parks 
 Les Champs-Elysees Le Bois de Boulogne 
 
 Les Tuileries Le Pare Monceau 
 
 Le Luxembourg Les Grands Boulevards 
 
 Le Jardin des Plantes Place de la Concorde 
 Place Vendome 
 
 M usees — Museums, Galleries 
 Le Louvre 
 Le Luxembourg 
 Le Musee de Cluny 
 
 Les Salons de peinture et de sculpture 
 held at: "Le Grand Palais" 
 "Le Petit Palais" 
 Carnavalet 
 Musee du Trocadero 
 Palais de Versailles 
 Palais de Fontainebleau 
 
 Ecoles, Industries et Institutions 
 
 Schools and Industries, etc. 
 Les Gobelins — tapisseries (tapestries) — Paris 
 Les porcelaines de Sevres 
 L'Ecole des Beaux-Arts 
 La Sorbonne 
 L'Academie 
 
 Monuments et £glises 
 Monuments and churches 
 Le Pantheon 
 Les Invalides 
 
 Palais de Justice — Ste.Chapelle — L'Elysee (pre- 
 sident's residence) 
 Palais Bourbon (Chamber of Deputies seat) 
 La Madeleine (church) 
 Notre-Dame 
 La Trinite 
 
 La Bourse (Exchange) 
 L'Opera 
 
 Theatres 
 L'Opera La Renaissance 
 
 Le Theatre Francais Le Theatre Antoine 
 
 L'Odeon Les Varietes 
 
 La Porte St. Martin Le Vaudeville 
 
 L'Opera Comique 
 
"OUR METHOD" 175 
 
 SUPPLEMENTARY REMARKS 
 
 A few suggestions for continuing the study 
 
 of the French language 
 
 After having mastered this little book, 
 the student is ready to develop and perfect 
 his knowledge of the French language, for 
 which aim we would give the following ad- 
 vice : 
 
 1. Good reading. — By good reading, we 
 both include the matter and the manner. 
 That is, we recommend the works of the 
 best authors and advise the pupils to read 
 very carefully with the help of a good dic- 
 tionary. 
 
 In this way, they will learn the construc- 
 tion of the language and acquaint them- 
 selves with the numerous idiomatic expres- 
 sions which are so abundant in French. 
 
 2. We recommend, as an excellent exer- 
 cise and one that enables the pupil to study 
 alone, the translation into English of a par- 
 agraph or more, of some good French 
 work (classic or modern). Then the pupil 
 should try to re-translate this into the ori- 
 ginal. 
 
 3. An excellent exercise, besides letter 
 writing, is to write in. French, a little, abs- 
 tract of some story, book or play. 
 
 4. Poetry or prose 1 , learned by heart, is 
 also : a .very effective . means, of acquiring 
 fluency of speech. - ■ V i '■. '....- 
 
176 'OUR METHOD" 
 
 A few suggestions as to what books to read : 
 
 For children : Fairy tales — fables in prose 
 — the works of "La Bibliotheque Rose". 
 For grown people : 
 
 1. Many fine works easily procurable at 
 small cost from the "Jenkins edition" 
 will prove excellent reading, as: 
 
 "Le Manage d 'Amour" by L. Halevy. 
 "Le Siege de Berlin" and other short 
 
 stories, by Alphonse Daudet. 
 " Une dot" by Ernest Legouve. 
 "Les fiances de Grindewald", Erck- 
 
 man-Chatrian. 
 "La Mare au Diable", George Sand. 
 "Contes Choisis", G. de Maupassant, 
 
 etc. etc. 
 
 2. "L'Abbe Constantin", L. Halevy. 
 "Kari Kari", L. Halevy. 
 
 "Le Petit Chose", A. Daudet, etc. 
 
 From the Classics: 
 Les Caracteres de La Bruyere. 
 Lettres choisies de Mme de Sevigne. 
 Selections from Bossuet, Fenelon, Voltaire. 
 Fables de La Fontaine. 
 Tragedies de Corneille et Racine. 
 Comedies de Moliere, etc. 
 
 The rich literary field of France is then 
 open to the student for him to gather, ac- 
 cording to his judgment and taste: " 
 
 A good book on literature will be a splen- 
 did guide to him: 
 "Histoire- de la -litterature francaise" by 
 
 Rene Doumic- Brunetiere. . 
 "Histoife illustfee de la "litteVature frarr- r 
 
 Qaise", by Aubrey-Audie-Grbifzet. v •' 
 
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