UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
 BULLETIN OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS 
 
 VOL. XXI. MARCH 15, 1920. No. 6. 
 
 SCIENCE BULLETIN 
 
 Vol. XII, Nos. 1 and 2 
 
 (Continuation of Kansas University Quarterly.) 
 
 LAWRENCE, KANSAS 
 
 Published Semimonthly from January to June and Monthly from July to 
 December, inclusive, by the University of Kansas. 
 
 Entered as second-class matter December 29, 1910, at the post office at Lawrence, Kansas, 
 under the act of July 16, 1894.
 
 NOTICE TO EXCHANGES. 
 
 The attention of learned societies and other institutions 
 which exchange scientific publications with the University of 
 Kansas is called to the list of publications of this University on 
 the third and fourth pages of the cover of this issue. 
 
 Those marked "Supply exhausted" cannot be furnished at 
 all; those marked "Supply small" cannot be furnished sep- 
 arately ; thpse marked "Supply large" will gladly be furnished 
 to any of our exchanges who may need them to complete their 
 files. 
 
 Back numbers of the Kansas University Quarterly and Geo- 
 logical Survey, as far as possible, will be sent to those of our 
 newer correspondents who are able and willing to reciprocate. 
 
 ANNOUNCEMENT. 
 
 The Kansas University Science Bulletin Continuation of 
 the Kansas University Quarterly) is issued in parts at irregu- 
 lar intervals. One or more volumes, containing from 300 to 
 400 pages of reading-matter, with necessary illustrations, is 
 issued each year. The subscription price is $3 per volume. 
 Exchanges with other institutions and learned societies every- 
 where are solicited. All exchanges should be addressed to the 
 LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS. 
 
 All communications should be addressed to 
 
 THE KANSAS UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN, 
 LAWRENCE, KAN. 
 
 EDITORIAL BOARD. 
 
 W. J. BAUMGARTNER, Managing Editor. 
 H. E. JORDAN, Exchange Editor. 
 S. J. HUNTER. 
 
 W. C. STEVENS. 
 
 W. S. HUNTER. 
 
 O. O. STOLAND.
 
 THE 
 
 KANSAS UNIVERSITY 
 SCIENCE BULLETIN 
 
 VOL. XII, No. 1-MARCH 15, 1920 
 
 Whole Series, Vol. XXII, No. 1. 
 
 ENTOMOLOGY NUMBER IV 
 
 CONTENTS: 
 
 THE CICADELLID;E OF KANSAS, 
 
 P. B.\Lawwn. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 LAWRENCE. KAN. 
 
 Knt-n-d at the post office at Lawrence as second class matu-i
 
 KANSAS STATE PRINTING PLANT 
 
 IMRT ZUMWALT, STATE, PKTOTKR 
 
 TOPEKA. 1920 

 
 ro 
 
 o 
 
 Agria. 
 
 "V. 4- 
 
 cvr 
 
 lr- 
 
 u; 
 o 
 
 TABLE OF CONTENTS. 
 
 INTRODUCTION 5 
 
 ^ ACKNOWLEDGMENTS . , 8 
 *n 
 
 v ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE OF THE CICADELLID^E ". 10 
 
 ,x LIFE HISTORY 22 
 
 ' NATURAL ENEMIES 26 
 
 GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION 30 
 
 SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE CICADELLID;E 33 
 
 THE CHIEF MORPHOLOGICAL FEATURES 40 
 
 ATHE MALE GENITALIA 44 
 
 RECOGNITION OF THE CICADELLID^ 53 
 
 YSTEMATIC TREATMENT OF THE KANSAS SPECIES 54 
 
 297 
 
 289754
 
 THE KANSAS UNIVERSITY 
 SCIENCE BULLETIN 
 
 VOL. XII, No. 1.] MARCH 15, 1920. [vXS&l 
 
 The Cicadellidae of Kansas." 
 
 BY P. B. LAWSON. 
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The first attempt to make a list of the Cicadellidx of Kan- 
 sas seems to have been made by Professor E. A. Popenoe, 
 who in 1885, in the Transactions of the Kansas Academy of 
 Science, vol. IX, p. 63, listed a few of the members of this 
 family that he had personally collected in the two preceding 
 years. Nothing more seems to have been done along this 
 line till the year 1905, when there appeared a list of the Kansas 
 species in the Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science, 
 vol. XIX, p. 235, by Mr. F. F. Crevecreur, in which some eighty 
 species and varieties were reported, nearly if not all of them 
 taken by himself, within a few miles of his home at Onaga, 
 Kan. He was followed by Mr. E. S. Tucker, who in 1906, in 
 vol. XX, part 2, p. 192, of the same publication, added twenty- 
 three species to Mr. Crevecceur's list, all of these species being 
 taken in Douglas county. A fourth list was published in 1907 
 by the same writer in the Kansas University Science Bulletin, 
 vol. IV, p. 65, where were listed the species taken by him in 
 Douglas and Sedgwick counties. And finally, in 1911, there 
 appeared a complete list of all the Cicadellidss taken in the 
 state to date, by Mr. S. E. Crumb, who published his list, along 
 with available host plant records, in the Transactions of the 
 Kansas Academy of Science, vol. XXIV, p. 232. 
 
 * Submitted to the Department of Entomology and to the graduate faculty of the Uni 
 versity of Kansas in partial fulfillment of the requirements fw tho <leeree of Doctor of 
 Philosophy. 
 
 Received for publication December 12, 1919.
 
 6 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 It would seem that with five lists already published of the 
 Cicadellid fauna of the state, that some other group might 
 well have been chosen for further work. State lists, such as 
 the ones referred to, are of great value to systematic ento- 
 mologists in determining the geographical distribution and 
 limits of the species enumerated, but to the beginner, who 
 starts out to get acquainted with the fauna of a given region, 
 they cannot be of much help, other than to inform him that 
 he might or ought to run across the species so listed. Accord- 
 ingly we have thought that a systematic treatise of the known 
 Kansas forms might not be out of place. 
 
 It has been our aim to make this paper something more than 
 a state list. The attempt has been made to provide, rather, 
 a sort of manual for the study of our native forms. Accord- 
 ingly keys have been provided for the separation of all the 
 groups down to species, descriptions have been written for all 
 the species known to occur in the state, and, as far as possible, 
 host plant and locality records have been added to assist in 
 the finding of any desired species. 
 
 We have, moreover, attempted to bring together our latest 
 knowledge concerning the economic importance of this family. 
 Many articles have been written on this subject, but each 
 treats only of some particular phase of it. It has been thought 
 that a summing up of our knowledge on this subject might 
 help to a correct appreciation of the economic position of this 
 group. 
 
 The systematic position of this and of related families is 
 of interest to the systematist. We have not tried to advance 
 any essentially new ideas on the subject, but have thought it 
 advisable to give what seem to be the prevailing ideas on 
 this line. 
 
 No attempt has been made to give a detailed description of 
 the morphology of the Cicadellldse. We have included only 
 a brief chapter on this phase, just enough to enable one to 
 properly use the keys and understand the descriptions. But 
 we have gone rather fully into a study of what we have called 
 the "internal male genitalia." This is what may properly be 
 considered the original part of this paper, and therefore we 
 have devoted a whole chapter to its discussion. 
 
 It should be said here that the list of species is by no means 
 complete. We know of some species, previously listed as oc- 
 curring in the state, which are here omitted. This has been
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 7 
 
 done because of what seem to have been doubtful determina- 
 tions. We have endeavored to exclude every species of the 
 occurrence of which in the state we had any doubt. Accord- 
 ingly we have practically confined ourselves to the species rep- 
 resented in the Snow collection at the University of Kansas. 
 There are other collections in the state which will yield addi- 
 tional records. It is our purpose to examine these as soon 
 as possible and add to this list. Among others, the collection 
 of the Kansas State Agricultural College and Crevecoeur's col- 
 lection will yield further records, as will the private collec- 
 tions of Prof. Herbert Osborn and others who have collected 
 in the state. These all should have been included in this paper, 
 but a combination of circumstances seems to have made it 
 impossible. 
 
 We have, however, included in the keys, and given descrip- 
 tions of a goodly number of species, which, judging from 
 their known occurrence, are likely to be found in the state. 
 We believe this will add to the usefulness of the paper. 
 
 The question of bibliographies has proved to be a trouble- 
 some one. It was finally decided to give a rather full bibliog- 
 raphy for each species, but to omit, except in cases where the 
 bibliography was brief, the mere lists and those papers which 
 do not distinctly add to our knowledge of the group. Ac- 
 cordingly we have chosen our bibliographies with a view to 
 showing the course of the synonomy of the species, and to 
 those papers which give information as to life history, food 
 plants, economic importance and control, and those which give 
 figures illustrating the species. In addition we have tried 
 to include a list of the papers which have appeared since the 
 publication of Van Duzee's catalogue.
 
 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS. 
 
 This paper was started and completed under the direction of 
 Prof. S. J. Hunter, head of the department of entomology in 
 Kansas State University. To him the writer is greatly in- 
 debted for making this work possible and for his ever readiness 
 to help with suggestion or with needed equipment or material. 
 Dr. H. B. Hungerford, of the same department, has also been 
 keenly sympathetic and helpful during the carrying on of the 
 work. 
 
 Prof. Herbert Osborn kindly determined much material 
 for me, as did Dr. E. D. Ball. I am especially indebted to the 
 latter for much help received from him during a period of six 
 weeks spent at Ames. During that time he gave me many help- 
 ful suggestions out of his large acquaintance with this group, 
 and turned over his whole collection and library, as well as the 
 collections of the Iowa State Agricultural College, for my use 
 and study. I was thus enabled to examine many of the Osborn 
 and Ball types, Doctor Ball's individual types, and as many of 
 Van Duzee's types as are in the college collection. It would be 
 hard to conceive of any one being more free and ready to help 
 with the results of their years of labor and study. 
 
 Needless to say, many papers on the Cicadellidx have been 
 freely used. The bibliography given would have been impos- 
 sible without Van Duzee's wonderful catalogue, with the ex- 
 ception here and there of a few papers on the economic phase, 
 and of the papers which have appeared since the catalogue was 
 issued. Besides the catalogue, we have used freely the papers 
 written jointly by Osborn and Ball, as well as the individual 
 papers of each. Van Duzee's writings on the family have been 
 very helpful, as have De Long's paper on the Tennessee species 
 and on the genus Chlorotettix. 
 
 The writer was fortunate to start his study of this group 
 with a very large collection already gathered together from all 
 over the state. Credit should be given to several of those whose 
 locality records are here being used. Prof. F. H. Snow's name 
 appears on many of the specimens collected in Kansas. The 
 records of Pottawatomie county are practically all those of Mr. 
 F. F. Crevecoeur. Mr. E. S. Tucker took many species from 
 
 (8)
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID.*. 9 
 
 Sedgwick and Douglas counties. Mr. S. E. Crumb made large 
 collections from Douglas and Cherokee counties. Mr. F. X. 
 Williams should have credit for the specimens taken in most 
 of the extreme western and northwestern counties. Mr. R. H. 
 Beamer collected many species, especially in the southeastern 
 counties. Dr. C. P. Alexander also collected several species, 
 chiefly in Reno and Hodgeman counties. The records from 
 Riley county, as well as several others, were sent me by Dr. M. 
 C. Tanquary, of the Kansas State Agricultural College. Un- 
 fortunately this list was not received in time to be fully in- 
 corporated in this paper. 
 
 Thanks are also due to Miss Gertrude Standing for her great 
 help in typewriting this paper. To these, and to all who in any- 
 way assisted with the work, the writer is greatly indebted.
 
 Economic Importance of the Cicadellidge. 
 
 The relation of the Cicadellidse to problems of economic im- 
 portance has received a very varying degree of attention from 
 entomologists. The Homopterists, and especially those who 
 have studied this particular family, have always been more or 
 less forward in calling attention to their destructiveness. On 
 the other hand, many entomologists have had their attention 
 so taken up with insects whose damage has been so much more 
 evident that they have regarded the Cicadellidx as having very 
 little bearing or relation to real economic entomology. But 
 it is not our purpose to say that the one group has been too 
 enthusiastic, and the other too reticent, in recognizing the true 
 economic position of these forms. It is our purpose merely to 
 discuss the problem in the light of our present-day knowledge, 
 and let the reader decide which group is right, or whether each 
 is but partly right. 
 
 The damage done by the Cicadellidse. is that of puncturing 
 the tissue of the leaf or stem of a plant, and then with its 
 efficient little mouth parts sucking up the plant juices. Be- 
 cause of this means of feeding, the damage is seldom seen, cer- 
 tainly not by the casual or superficial observer. The work of 
 insects with biting mouth parts, on the contrary, is readily 
 seen, for the host plant soon is distorted or destroyed by the 
 biting out of portions of the leaves or stems. Thus the work of 
 grasshoppers, beetles, etc., is soon manifest, even though they 
 be present in relatively small numbers. The results of the 
 feeding of a large number of Cicadellidge on a plant may not be 
 noticed, however, till the plant is beyond rescue, for it will 
 retain its form until pumped dry and the leaves begin to curl 
 up and fall. 
 
 There are other reasons, too, why these insects escape notice 
 so often, even though doing damage. In the first place, they are 
 very small, not small as all insects go, but small as compared 
 with the insects which the ordinary person usually observes, 
 and in comparison with many of our main economic pests. 
 They vary considerably in size, many being under 3 mm. in 
 length, while others, especially South American species, may 
 
 (10)
 
 LAWSON : KANSAS CICADELLID.'E. 11 
 
 reach 18 or 20 mm. in length. Our largest forms are about 
 14 mm. in length, or slightly over half an inch, while our 
 smallest forms are close to one-twelfth of an inch long. The 
 majority or our species run from three to seven millimeters in 
 length, or from about one-eighth to one-fourth of an inch. 
 
 Their small size, coupled with the fact that they usually 
 remain on the under side of the leaf or blade of grass, accounts 
 very readily for their so easily escaping detection. Then, too, 
 as a rule, they are protectively colored, that is, they usually 
 greatly resemble their surroundings in color. Thus a green 
 species on a green blade of grass may not be seen even though 
 in full view, and when one is looking straight at it. In some 
 species also the art of camouflaging seems to have reached 
 perfection. Though the general colors may not correspond 
 very well with those of the host plant, yet there is a stripe here 
 or a spot there which seem to be present solely for the purpose 
 of making the insect invisible, at least such is their effect. 
 Some species also, such as Dorycephalus, show clearly an 
 adaptation of form, as well as color, to their environment. 
 Sitting on a head of Elymus, they so greatly resemble their 
 surroundings as to be practically invisible, and according to 
 Professor Osborn a head of the host may be carefully exam- 
 ined and reveal no insect until it is shaken loose. 
 
 Frequently, too, the damage done by this group of insects is 
 attributed to other insects or to the attacks of fungi. Usualh 
 the result of the continued sucking of the life juices of the 
 plant results in more or less discoloration of the plant cells 
 around the puncture. These spots often resemble the spots 
 produced by other insects and may often be mistaken for the 
 presence of some fungous disease. Professor Osborn points 
 out the fact that the work of species infesting grasses and 
 grains may be readily confused with the work of aphids or 
 thrips, but that usually the aphids do not discolor nor produce 
 spots on the infested plant, at least during the early stages, 
 while the injury of the thrips is indicated by small dots or lines 
 which usually run parallel with the leaf veins and remain 
 white. The spot produced by the leaf hopper, on the other 
 hand, while at first pale, later changes to a brown or black 
 color. Furthermore, if the leaf hoppers are the guilty parties, 
 the fact will usually be recognized by the presence of theiv
 
 12 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 molted skins, some of which, at least, will usually be found 
 clinging to the leaf or grass blade. 
 
 The injury to plants by the Cicadettidse may be divided into 
 two groups. First, the sucking of the plant juices till the 
 plant is killed or its vitality so reduced as to result in a re- 
 duced yield of food or fruit. Second, the transmission of 
 plant diseases. Much work has been done on the former 
 group by Professor Osborn, and on the latter by Doctor Ball. 
 In the following discussion I have drawn very largely from 
 the work done by them. 
 
 The matter of the reduction of the yield due to the sucking 
 of the plant juices, is rather a peculiar one. Or perhaps it 
 reveals a rather peculiar turn of mind in mankind. I believe 
 it shows that there is still a great field of development for 
 economic entomology and a field which should receive much 
 attention. 
 
 In the main, agriculturists and many entomologists have 
 turned their attention to fighting those insect pests which do 
 very visible and usually a very serious amount of damage. 
 The average farmer will at once notice a pest that will destroy, 
 in a mass, several rows of his corn. Or he would notice at 
 once, and fight with all his energy, anything that picked out 
 about every tenth hill and utterly destroyed it, though not 
 touching the other nine hills. But the same man seemingly 
 pays no attention to any pest that reduces in the aggregate 
 the yield of the whole field to the amount that would have 
 been produced by the destroyed rows or by the every tenth 
 hill, as long as he sees no very apparent and severe damage 
 and the field as a whole seems to be doing fairly well. The 
 same would apply to wheat and oats, rye and barley, alfalfa 
 and clover, prairie hay and pasture. The question ought to be, 
 not how much did the field raise, but what could such a field 
 yield if no damage whatever be done by injurious insects? 
 
 No matter what the crop, or what any one's views may be 
 as to the damage done by leaf hoppers, all must agree that 
 every little bug takes some of the life juices that belong to 
 the plant, and that this multiplied by hundreds or thousands 
 cannot but help reduce the yield of the crop infested. So it 
 is with this thought in mind, namely, that we ought to strive 
 after the best possible yields, yields not hampered nor re- 
 duced by insect pests, that we turn to discuss the damage 
 done by leaf hoppers to the various crops.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID.*. 13 
 
 The damage done by reducing yields may be divided into 
 four heads: 
 
 1. Damage to forage crops and pastures. 
 
 2. Damage to grains. 
 
 3. Damage to orchards, vineyards and gardens. 
 
 4. Damage to shade trees and ornamental plants. 
 
 The total value of our forage crops would be hard to esti- 
 mate and also to overestimate, for under this head would come 
 the leguminous crops such as the clovers and alfalfa, the hay 
 crops both wild and cultivated, and the immense amount of 
 food furnished by pastures. The following table, copied from 
 Hitchcock's textbook on grasses, will give some idea of the 
 tremendous importance of such crops in a single year, 1909 : 
 
 Production Value 
 
 ,Vcre. (Tons). (Dollars). 
 
 Timothy alone 14,686,393 17,985,420 188,082,895 
 
 Timothy and clover mixed 19,542,382 24,748,555 257,280,330 
 
 Clover alone 2,443,263 3,158,324 29,334,356 
 
 Alfalfa 4,707,146 1 1,859,881 93,103,998 
 
 Millet or Hungarian grass 1,117,769 1,546,533 11,145,226 
 
 Other tame or cultivated grasses, 4,218,957 4,166,772 44,408,775 
 
 Wild, salt or prairie grasses. . . . 17,186,522 18,383,574 91,026,169 
 
 Grains cut green 4,324,878 5,367,292 61,686,131 
 
 Coarse forage 4,034,432 9,982,305 46,753,262 
 
 Thus we find nearly 75 million acres of land devoted to pro- 
 ducing forage crops, yielding annually nearly one hundred 
 million tons valued at over 800 millions of dollars. For to- 
 day all these figures, especially that of the value, must be de- 
 cidedly low. Then too they do not include the immense value 
 of the forage produced by the millions of acres of pastures. 
 
 The amount of loss to such crops due to insects is hard to 
 estimate and it is still more difficult to correctly determine the 
 amount of injury due to one group of insects when there are 
 many different kinds infesting the crop. But we are perhaps 
 safe in saying that by far the most numerous and widespread 
 of the insects affecting such crops are the leaf hoppers, and 
 that a goodly share of the shrinkage in such crops, due to 
 insect pests, is due normally to these forms. It will require 
 much more accurate and persistent experimenting than has 
 yet been done to enable us to be at all dogmatic about the 
 exact relation of the Cicadellidae to the forage crops, but yet, 
 thanks largely to Professor Osborn's work, we can safely 
 accept some facts, while holding others in abeyance till further 
 work is done.
 
 14 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 The seriousness of the damage to the forage crops depends 
 of course on the number of leaf hoppers present. Not much 
 has been done to get accurate data concerning their numbers, 
 but Professor Osborn has found that frequently the numbers 
 run up far above a million per acre, and he is of the opinion 
 that in such grasses as timothy and blue grass, a million per 
 acre would not be putting the figure too high. In work on 
 the potato-leaf hopper Doctor Ball has found that in the period 
 of their greatest abundance several million leaf hoppers may 
 be found to an acre of potatoes. 
 
 Then, as to the amount of food taken by this number of 
 leaf hoppers from the plants of that acre, and the resultant 
 depreciation in weight of the amount of hay cut, we again 
 have no definite figures because of the lack of experimentation. 
 But after years of observation, Professor Osborn gives as his 
 opinion that in some cases at least, from 25 to 50 per cent 
 of the growth of such grasses may go to feed the leaf hoppers. 
 
 In Bulletin 248 of the Maine Agricultural Experiment 
 Station, Professor Osborn gives some idea as to the leaf-hop- 
 per damage to the hay crop of that state. In 1913 there were 
 1,194,000 acres of hay in the state, which yielded about a ton 
 of hay per acre, the value of the crop being over sixteen and 
 a half million dollars. That acreage should have produced 
 two to three times as much as it did, and if leaf hoppers are 
 responsible for even ten per cent of such shrinkage, their 
 damage becomes very serious and their control should call for 
 serious attention. Applying these figures to the hay crop of 
 the entire country, we see that at the very conservative esti- 
 mate of a ten per cent loss, the leaf hoppers reduce the hay 
 yield by at least ten million tons, valued in 1909 at about 80 
 millions of dollars and to-day at perhaps fully twice that sum. 
 Thus these insignificant little creatures become a cause for 
 real consideration, for at the very least, if the above estimates 
 be anywhere near the truth, we can safely accuse them of 
 causing an annual loss of 100 million dollars to the hay crop. 
 
 But there is still more to this problem than the mere decrease 
 in yield. Professor Osborn, in the above-mentioned bulletin, 
 also considers the effect upon the quality of hay produced, and 
 shows that hay that has escaped the attacks of such insects is 
 of much more value than a similar amount of hay that has
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID.E. 15 
 
 been infested by them, for the former seems to show a dis- 
 tinctly higher percentage of protein and fat than the latter. 
 If further investigations along this line confirm this, it makes 
 the case against the leaf hoppers even more serious. 
 
 Attention should be called at this point to the fact that all 
 the above figures apply only to the. cultivated forage crops. 
 Pastures are injured fully as much, if not more, than all the 
 cultivated crops. But even if we apply the same figures as the 
 above, and accuse the leaf hoppers of reducing the value of the 
 pastures by ten per cent, we add to their debt a tremendous 
 figure, for the value of such pastures is very great. 
 
 The species concerned in damaging forage crops are many, 
 but several stand out as distinctly more serious than the rest. 
 Seriously injurious to the leguminous crops is Aceratagallia 
 sanguinolenta, commonly called the clover-leaf hopper. Gib- 
 son states that as many as 600 of these have been counted on a 
 single plant, and that aside from the drain upon the plant the 
 egg punctures cause gall-like formations in the surrounding 
 tissue. Empoasca mali is also accused of being sometimes in- 
 jurious to this crop. Drssculacephala mollipes is to be consid- 
 ered a serious pest of grasses as well as of grains. Others of 
 great importance are Deltocephalus inimicus, ajfinis, sayi, balli, 
 Euscelis exitiosus, Phlepsius irroratus, and Cicadula 6-notata. 
 All the above are very common in Kansas. In some parts of the 
 country Drssculacephala reticulata and noveboracensis, Delto- 
 cephalus configuratus, Acocephalus striatus and albifrons, and 
 Helochara communis, the last in low lands, are also considered 
 as more or less injurious to grasses. In central and western 
 Kansas the native pastures, composed largely of Bouteloua and 
 Buchloe, are very heavily infested with various species of the 
 genus Aconura. 
 
 Coming now to the relation of leaf hoppers to the grain 
 crops, we find many instances where wheat, oats, corn, rye, and 
 barley have been injured. In Bulletin 108 of the United States 
 Department of Agriculture, Professor Osborn gives a list of 
 recorded serious damage by these insects. The sharp-headed 
 grain leaf hopper, Drseculacephala mollipes, is undoubtedly the 
 most serious of such forms, but such species as Drteculacephala 
 reticulata, Deltocephalus inimicus, Euscelis exitiosus, and Ci- 
 cadula 6-notata have also been recorded as doing some damage. 
 
 The damage to orchards, vineyards and gardens is perhaps
 
 16 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 not as serious as the damage to the forage crops and grains, yet 
 here too we find serious damage at times. Few of our fruit 
 trees are at all seriously infested with leaf hoppers. About the 
 only species that seem at all troublesome are Empoasca mall 
 and Typhlocyba rosae. The former Mr. F. H. Lathrop reports 
 as injuring apple, which it infests along with Empoasca uni- 
 color and Typhlocyba rosse, producing "a severe and character- 
 istic curling of the foliage and resultant injury to the tree." 
 The damage done by Typhlocyba rosse is described by Mr. 
 Leroy Childs as follows: "The insects during their twenty- 
 nine to forty days of nymphal development are constant feed- 
 ers, and when present in numbers are capable of removing 
 much food that would otherwise be utilized by the plant. One 
 insect feeding continually on an apple leaf during this period 
 removes or destroys from one-third to one-half of the green 
 chlorophyll. Four or five insects have been observed to remove, 
 with the possible exception of a narrow green margin on the 
 edge, the entire green coloration of the leaves. An injury of 
 this extent, in the case of a general infestation over the tree, 
 noticeably inhibits normal functioning of the leaves. Trees 
 so infested appear yellowish-brown during late summer and 
 are much below normal in vigor. 
 
 "The insects confine their feeding to the under surfaces of 
 the leaves entirely. The first indication of their presence is the 
 appearance of yellow spots on the upper surfaces of the leaves. 
 As feeding continues these spots become larger and more 
 numerous until the leaf shows a decided greenish-yellow color- 
 ation. Leaves so injured are deprived from further function- 
 ing and their presence on the tree only further Revitalizes it by 
 acting as surfaces for evaporation. In cases of a severe in- 
 festation many of the injured leaves drop prematurely during 
 the latter part of August." 
 
 Other fruit trees, such as plum trees, are frequently infected 
 with leaf hoppers, but no appreciable damage seems to result. 
 
 The damage to vineyards by several species of leaf hoppers 
 is very severe and either involves the outlay of considerable ex- 
 pense for spraying or else greatly reduces the amount and 
 quality of the crop as well as lowering the vitality of the vines. 
 The chief species concerned here is Erythroneura comes and 
 its several varieties, although Erythroneura tricincta, illinoien- 
 N/.S', obliqua, crevecceuri and others are frequent feeders on
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID,E. 17 
 
 the grape. The bulletins by Slingerland, Quayle, Hartzell and 
 Johnson fully deal with the damage and control of these forms. 
 
 Leaf hoppers as a group do not seem to injure garden crops 
 seriously. But there are a few species that at times do serious 
 damage. Notably injurious here is Empoasca mali, which is a 
 serious pest of such crops as beans and potatoes. Here also 
 comes the injury to sugar beets by Eutettix tenellus. The in- 
 jury by these species in this case, however, has to do with the 
 relation of leaf hoppers to plant diseases, and will therefore be 
 discussed under that head. 
 
 In the cotton-growing region several members of the sub- 
 family Cicadellinse have been considered injurious to the cot- 
 ton, though Sanderson seems to doubt their having any effect 
 on the plant. The supposedly injurious forms here are Homal- 
 odisca triquetra, Aulacizes irrorata and two species of On- 
 cometopia. Essig gives Cicadella atropunctata as injurious to 
 such plants as blackberry, grape, lemon, orange and raspberry. 
 
 It can perhaps hardly be said that leaf hoppers are injurious 
 to shade trees. While a large number of species normally live 
 on trees, and others at times may infest them, yet no really 
 serious injury seems to have been reported. Thus the members 
 of the genus Idiocevus are largely confined to willows, cotton- 
 wood and Cratsegus. Cicadella hieroglyphica and its varieties, 
 many species of Macropsis and some species of Empoasca occur 
 on willow. Bythoscopus apicalis is confined to honey locust. 
 Oncopsis distinctus lives on walnut, a Scaphoideus on elm, Ty- 
 phlocyba lethierryi on hard maple. The nearest to real injury 
 to shade trees ever seen by the writer was observed on notic- 
 ing the decolored condition of the leaves of a young sycamore 
 tree. On examination the leaves were found to be heavily in- 
 fested by an Erythroneura, the damage being very similar to 
 that of the grape-leaf hopper to the grape. 
 
 The damage to ornamental plants also is not very serious. 
 Few cases are recorded of any such damage. It is sufficient 
 perhaps here to note the work of the rose-leaf hopper which, 
 in parts of the country, seriously injures rose bushes, the dam- 
 age being similar to that on the apple by the same species. 
 The writer has noticed a few leaf hoppers in greenhouses but 
 seemingly they are never present in large enough numbers to 
 demand attention. 
 
 2 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 18 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 When we turn, however, from the damage done by the 
 Cicadellidx by the mere sucking up of the sap of the plant, to 
 the possible and proved relations of the insects to the trans- 
 mission of plant diseases, we enter at once an open and a very 
 important field. We will discuss this phase of the economic 
 importance of the group under the following heads : 
 
 1. Leaf hoppers and bacterial diseases. 
 
 a. Leaf hoppers and curly-leaf. 
 
 b. Leaf hoppers and fire blight. 
 
 2. Leaf hoppers and hopperburn. 
 
 3. Leaf hoppers as possible disseminators of fungous diseases. 
 
 The relation of leaf hoppers to the transmission of bacterial 
 plant diseases opens at once a very large and important field. 
 Who knows but what these and related insects are responsible 
 for many of the diseases that have hitherto baffled the plant 
 pathologist and been the despair of the farmer and horticul- 
 turist? 
 
 Doctor Ball's excellent work has opened up the way for the 
 future on this line. He seems to have proved definitely that 
 such insects may be the normal disseminators of plant diseases, 
 just as, in the case of the mosquito, they are responsible for 
 spreading animal diseases. After years of work on the beet- 
 leaf hopper and its relation to curly-leaf in the sugar beet, 
 among others, the following facts, quoted from his bulletins, 
 were proved : 
 
 "The punctures of the beet-leaf hopper (Eutettix tenellus) 
 cause a specific disease in sugar beets called 'curly-leaf.' 
 
 "Leaf hoppers taken from wild plants did not transmit the 
 disease until they fed on diseased beets. Three hours on a 
 beet rendered them pathogenic, but they could not transmit till 
 after an incubation period of one or two days. 
 
 "Curly-leaf has never been produced except through the 
 punctures of a beet-leaf hopper. If a single leaf hopper is 
 applied to a beet for five minutes, the curly-leaf disease will 
 appear after about two weeks, if conditions are favorable." 
 
 The above facts, added to the fact that the bacterial agent, 
 Bacillus morulans, has been isolated by Boncquet, show con- 
 clusively that these insects may be responsible for similar plant 
 diseases. And since the amount of damage done in such cases 
 is very large, the field should prove both interesting and im- 
 portant.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID/E. 19 
 
 Not very much has been done on the relation of insects to 
 the transmission of Bacillus amylovorous which causes "fire 
 blight." Doctor Merrill has worked on the relation of aphids 
 to the spread of this disease, and Mr. F. H. Lathrop has done 
 some work on the relation of Empoasca mail to the same dis- 
 ease. The latter reports that while in the tests Empoasca uni- 
 color and Typhlocyba rosse showed negative or doubtful results, 
 Empoasca mail seemed to be a positive agent in the spread of 
 the bacteria and in the infecting of new shoots. Should this 
 work be confirmed we would have a practically untouched field 
 opened to us, which, with careful work, might better enable 
 us to be victors in the fight against this serious disease. 
 
 But we are not yet through with Empoasca mail. Again it 
 is under indictment, this time for producing what should be 
 called "hopperburn," especially on potatoes. Here again we 
 are indebted to Doctor Ball, who seems to have shown that 
 this insect produces much of what in the past has gone 
 under the name of "tipburn." Furthermore, that hopperburn 
 is perhaps a disease similar to curly-leaf, and that it differs 
 from tipburn by readily-told characteristics, the latter being 
 the result of purely physiological conditions. In the past two 
 summers great damage has been done by this disease, if such 
 it shall prove to be, but for which this leaf hopper alone seems 
 responsible. 
 
 Again, leaf hoppers may prove to be disseminators of fungous 
 diseases. Any insect of course may play this role, but because 
 of their feeding and egg-laying habits, combined with their 
 jumping disposition, they seem to be especially suited to trans- 
 mit such fungi from plant to plant and thus spread the dis- 
 ease. This is a field as yet untouched that might yield dis- 
 coveries of importance to the agriculturist and horticulturist. 
 
 Perhaps this discussion of the economic importance of the 
 group would not be complete without a brief resume of the 
 methods of control. This consists in using natural farming 
 methods and spraying. The chief way's to control the species 
 damaging forage and grain crops would be those of rotation 
 and clean farming. These of course are the best for the soil 
 and are also the way to check insects. Most of such forms 
 hibernate in the egg stage under the sheath of the grass blades. 
 If therefore the places where such grasses occur, such as the 
 fence and hedge rows, the corners, and land adjoining fields,
 
 20 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 be burned over in the winter, there will follow a great diminu- 
 tion of the hoppers the following season. Pastures especially 
 should be burned over once in two or three years if they are 
 seriously infested with these insects. The time of planting 
 certain crops, and the time of mowing grasses may be so regu- 
 lated as to result in escaping serious injury from the leaf hop- 
 pers. Thus Gibson reports that cutting the alfalfa crop from 
 a week to ten days earlier will often check the clover-leaf hop- 
 per. If a crop is mowed so as to catch most of the leaf hoppers 
 in the egg or nymphal stage the majority of the eggs will be 
 'destroyed and most of the nymphs will starve before they can 
 migrate to other food. 
 
 Hopperdozers are sometimes used as direct controls to catch 
 and destroy large numbers of the leaf hoppers when they are 
 present in unusual numbers. 
 
 In the case of grain fields best results are obtained by plow- 
 ing as soon after harvest as possible and then keeping the 
 ground free from grass and weeds till planted. This, combined 
 with rotation and clean farming around the edges, would be 
 insurance against leaf -hopper damage. The beet-leaf hopper is 
 also controlled by cultural methods. 
 
 The leaf hoppers in vineyards are mainly controlled by 
 spraying, though hopperdozers are sometimes used. The usual 
 spray material is "Black Leaf 40," 1 part to 1,500 or 1,600 parts 
 of water, applied at the time of the presence of the maximum 
 number of nymphs. Doctor Ball gives the same contact in- 
 secticide for the control of Empoasca mali on potatoes, using it 
 at the rate of one pint to 100 gallons of water with five pounds 
 of soap added, two applications to be made a week or ten days 
 apart. The rose-leaf hopper and forms doing similar damage 
 can be controlled in the same way. Mr. Childs suggests also 
 the use of the rose as a trap crop in the control of the latter 
 as an apple pest. 
 
 At this point we may also call attention to another bad habit 
 of Empoasca mali. In- Psyche, XXV, p. 101, 1918, Mr. George 
 Becker called attention to this species attacking man. The 
 writer has had several people tell him about being bitten by 
 little green leaf hoppers, but not till a short time ago did he 
 have any personal proof of the fact. One night, while collect- 
 ing under a light, he felt a little prick on his hand, and on look-
 
 LAWSON : KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 21 
 
 ing down saw a little green leaf hopper at work. It was se- 
 cured and proved to be the species mentioned. 
 
 The matter of such biting brings up an interesting question, 
 for so few of the Homoptera have ever been known to be guilty 
 of such conduct. In fact, outside of the occasional piercing of 
 Cicadas, the writer does not know of any other members of this 
 order that have been recorded as attacking man. Whether 
 they merely prick the skin because it is their nature to be pierc- 
 ing something or whether they are really fond of an occasional 
 meal of blood would be an interesting question for determina- 
 tion. 
 
 From the foregoing discussion of the economic importance 
 of the group it will be seen that it is necessary to know which 
 are injurious species and which are not. Hence the value of a 
 systematic study of the group and an acquaintance with its 
 forms, so as to be able to single out those of economic impor- 
 tance.
 
 Life History. 
 
 The life histories of a majority, even of the economic species 
 of CicadellidsB, have not been fully worked out. Some have, 
 however, been worked out in detail, so that it is fairly easy to 
 give a general life history for the group. 
 
 These insects belong to an order in which the metamorphosis 
 is incomplete, that is, there is no distinct pupal or quiescent 
 stage in the life cycle. It would, however, be better to speak of 
 them as having a gradual metamorphosis rather than an incom- 
 plete one, reserving the latter term, as pointed out by Professor 
 Comstock, for such water forms as dragon flies, which do not 
 resemble the adult at all in their imperfect stages and yet can- 
 not be said to have a complete metamorphosis. Thus there are 
 three stages in their life cycle, namely, egg, nymph and adult. 
 
 The female leaf hopper is provided with a strong enough 
 ovipositor to enable her to push the eggs in under the covering 
 of some plant tissue. There is of course a great deal of dif- 
 ference in the different groups, and even among the species of 
 the same genus, in the kind of material chosen for egg deposi- 
 tion, it being the rule that the eggs are always deposited in the 
 kind of plant which is to furnish food for the nymphs on 
 emerging. 
 
 In general it may be said that grass-feeding species deposit 
 their eggs either between the sheath of the blade and the stem, 
 or else in the margin of the leaf, where a layer of epidermis 
 covers the egg. In either case the eggs are protected by a part 
 of the host plant. Other forms deposit their eggs in the veins 
 of leaves or sometimes under the epidermis in the tissue be- 
 tween the veins. Such is the case with the grape-leaf hopper, 
 the potato-leaf hopper and a host of others. Still others de- 
 posit eggs in the stems of their host plants. This is true of 
 such forms as the rose-leaf hopper, the apple-leaf hopper (Em- 
 poasca nnicolor) and others. Some, such as the clover-leaf 
 hopper, deposit their eggs either in the leaves or the stems of 
 their host plant. In a few cases also the same species may 
 oviposit alternately in two different hosts. This has been 
 shown to be the case with the rose-leaf hopper, the overwinter- 
 
 (22)
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. '2'.\ 
 
 ing eggs being deposited in the rose, while the eggs for the 
 second generation are deposited in apple. Here we seem to 
 have a good case of alternation of g&flrmiSno-, for only a very 
 small percentage of these insects remain on the apple, their 
 summer host, to deposit overwintering eggs. Of course where 
 a species is a general feeder, it may oviposit in any of its host 
 plants. 
 
 The eggs are usually whitish, elongate, and often slightly 
 curved. Before they hatch the eyes of the nymphs are usually 
 seen as distinct reddish spots. 
 
 Comparatively little is known concerning the number of 
 eggs deposited by a single individual. In some cases the num- 
 ber seems to be quite low, while in others it is rather large. 
 Some grass-feeding species deposit a few eggs together ; others 
 as many as fifty side by side. Osborn states that Parabolocra- 
 tus viridis may lay as many as 120 eggs in a single hour. Of 
 course eggs deposited under the sheaths of the grass blades are 
 more readily found than those deposited in the leaf or stem. In 
 the case of the latter, however, a blister-like swelling seems to 
 develop around the eggs shortly after deposition, which helps 
 in locating them, or the leaf may be held up to the sunlight and 
 the eggs often discovered. 
 
 The period of incubation varies greatly in length. Eggs laid 
 in the fall hatch the following spring or summer, the egg stage 
 thus lasting several months. Eggs laid in the spring or sum- 
 mer hatch in varying lengths of time. Osborn gives an aver- 
 age of about a month for the duration of the egg stage of 
 Dorycephalus platyrhynchus, and 10 to 17 days for Deltoceph- 
 alus inimicus. Gibson gives 5 to 17 days as the length of the 
 incubation period for eggs of Accratagallia sanguinolenta dur- 
 ing the summer in the latitude of southern Illinois, and from 3 
 to 35 days, with an average of 12 days, depending upon the tem- 
 perature, for eggs of Drteculacephala mollipes in southern Ari- 
 zona. 
 
 The nymphs are readily recognized as the young of Cica- 
 dellids, usually having more or less of the form of the adult 
 except for the wings, though usually lacking most of the colora- 
 tion of the adult till just before or after the last molt. During 
 the nymphal stage the wings are represented by wing pads 
 which gradually increase in size, but even just before the fifth 
 or last molt they are much smaller than the wings of the adult.
 
 24 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Not only do the nymphs usually look like the adults, but they 
 usually act like them too. They have the curious habit of 
 running sidewise which is so characteristic of the family, and 
 are also capable of jumping, as are the adults, though they are 
 not as active as are the perfect forms. 
 
 The number of molts is usually, if not always, five. There 
 are some records of but four molts in some forms, but if true, 
 it is only so of a very few species. Molting occurs nearly 
 always on the under side of the leaf, and here the molted skins 
 may readily be found, for they are usually firmly attached to 
 the leaf. 
 
 The length of the nymphal stage varies greatly in the differ- 
 ent species. A few species overwinter as nymphs, in which 
 case this stage lasts for several months. In summer, however, 
 the nymphal stage usually lasts for several weeks. Thus Gib- 
 son gives 18 to 35 days, with an average of 25, for the length 
 of the nymphal stage of the clover-leaf hopper, and 20 to 51 
 days, according to temperature, for Drseculacephala mollipex 
 at Tempe, Ariz. Johnson gives from 19 to 37 days for the 
 duration of the nymphal stage of the grape-leaf hopper in the 
 Lake Erie valley. Childs gives above 35 days for the first 
 brood nymphs of the rose-leaf hopper, and about 24 days for 
 those of the second brood in Oregon. Osborn gives ten months 
 as the length of the nymphal stage of Dorycephalus platyrhyn- 
 chus, for this species overwinters as a nymph. 
 
 But very few attempts have been made to determine the 
 length of the life of the adult. Childs, however, has given us 
 some interesting data on this point. He found that the males 
 of the first generation of the rose-leaf hopper die in from four 
 to ten days after mating. Fertile females he found to live a 
 month to a month and a half after mating, while unmated fe- 
 males live very much longer, some specimens being kept for 
 70 days, and a single one for 116 days, death in both cases be- 
 ing due to starvation. Individuals of the second brood were 
 kept alive for 129 days. The unmated male, he states, lives a 
 much shorter period. Of course it is well known that in the 
 case of species which hibernate as adults, both males and fe- 
 males live several months. 
 
 The overwintering of the leaf hoppers is varied. Many pass 
 through the winter as adults, a few as nymphs, and the ma- 
 jority perhaps as eggs. But no set rule can be given regarding
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 25 
 
 the habits of any group, for even within the genus we do not 
 find uniformity as to the condition in which hibernation occurs. 
 Thus Empoasca mali overwinters as an adult, while E. unicolor 
 hibernates in the egg stage. The nearest that we dare come to 
 generalizing may be to state that the majority of species which 
 oviposit in grass, pass through the winter in the egg stage, 
 while a large number of those ovipositing in trees hibernate as 
 adults. It seems, therefore, that the greater number of our 
 forms overwinter in the egg stage. 
 
 The hibernating adults are often found under leaves and 
 rubbish in the woods. This is especially true of many Typhlo- 
 cybini. Of course where the winters are warm, we can hardly 
 designate any stage as the hibernating stage, for under favor- 
 able circumstances they may breed throughout the year. 
 
 The number of generations per season is also an interesting 
 question. Should we generalize we would say that the ma- 
 jority of species have two generations in a season. As to the 
 rest, some undoubtedly have three or more generations, while 
 some have only one. Thus Gibson claims three generations a 
 year for the clover-leaf hopper in southern Missouri and four 
 or more further south. Professor Osborn. says there are two 
 generations a year of Drseculacephala mollipes in Ohio, while 
 Gibson claims six for southern Arizona. Others, like Em- 
 poasca unicolor, have but a single generation. Most members 
 of the genus Deltocephalus have two broods, as do such forms 
 as many members of the genus Euscelis and many of the Ty- 
 phlocybini.
 
 Natural Enemies. 
 
 In one of his bulletins Professor Osborn has given quite an 
 extended account of the natural enemies of the leaf hoppers. 
 We will do little more than to give the substance of this and 
 of one or two other papers, for comparatively little work has 
 been done on this line. 
 
 The natural enemies of the leaf hoppers may be divided 
 into four groups, as follows : 
 
 1. Predaceous enemies. 
 
 2. Parasitic enemies. 
 
 3. Fungus diseases. 
 
 4. Climatic conditions. 
 
 The predaceous enemies of leaf hoppers do not seem to be 
 an important means of control. Among such enemies are the 
 birds, but even such active foes do not seem to be very efficient 
 in controlling them. It has been found that while a goodly 
 number of birds feed upon Cicadellids, yet in the aggregate 
 such food forms but a small part of their dietary. Professor 
 Osborn sums up the relation of birds to leaf hoppers as follows : 
 
 1. 119 species of birds are known to feed upon leaf hoppers. 
 
 2. Only 700 out of 47,000 bird stomachs examined contained leaf 
 hoppers, or less than one out of every fifty. 
 
 3. The leaf-hopper content of a majority of these stomachs was only 
 from 1 to 10 per cent, so that not more than one-thousandth part of the 
 food of birds can be composed of leaf hoppers. 
 
 Domestic birds such as turkeys and chickens are said to 
 feed on leaf hoppers, but their inroads on such insects could 
 not be considered as serious. 
 
 Toads and frogs, being insectivorous, should use a small 
 proportion of leaf hoppers in their dietary. Gibson states 
 that the former has been observed feeding on them in alfalfa 
 fields. 
 
 Among the Arthropoda themselves we find perhaps the most 
 efficient predaceous foes of the leaf hoppers, though all com- 
 bined do not seem to do anything appreciable in holding them 
 in check. Various spiders and mites are said to be among 
 such enemies. Slingerland and Johnson give the names of 
 mites predaceous on the grape-leaf hopper in their bulletins 
 
 (26)
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^:. 27 
 
 on that species. Childs gives a list of spiders preying upon 
 the rose-leaf hopper, while Professor Osborn gives a large 
 list of spiders that have been known to feed upon leaf hoppers. 
 
 Insects themselves furnish several predaceous enemies. 
 Thus Osborn mentions such enemies among the Nabidas and 
 Lygaeidse. Quayle mentions ladybirds, aphis lions and ants 
 as enemies of the grape-leaf hopper, while previously, Walsh, 
 Glover and Slingerland had recorded one of the dance flies, a 
 soldier bug, and the larvae of Chrysopa, respectively, as also 
 feeding on the same leaf hopper. Johnson accuses a Capsid 
 of attacking this species also. Gibson mentions the agricul- 
 tural ant as an enemy of Draeculacephcda mollipes. Childs 
 records a Scatophagid as an enemy of the rose-leaf hopper 
 and also observes that dragon flies have been observed attack- 
 ing that species. The writer one evening observed some 
 damsel flies flying over the grasses near the edge of a pond. 
 They so evidently seemed to be hunting that they were closely 
 watched and were soon seen to be attempting to catch some 
 very small Locustid nymphs and also to be after the leaf hop- 
 pers. Several times the leaf hoppers were seen to escape by 
 their characteristic shift to the under side of the grass blades. 
 Finally a damsel fly was observed to have caught one of the 
 hoppers, and we were able to get close enough to identify the 
 species as Deltocephalus inimicus and to catch the predator, 
 not, however, before the last sign of his meal had disappeared. 
 
 There are records of at least two families of wasps that 
 provision their nests with leaf hoppers. Comstock states that 
 the Nyssonidss provision their nests with the immature stages 
 of these insects. F. X. Williams described a member of this 
 family, Harpactus gyponse, from Grant county, Kansas, which 
 used the adults and nymphs of Gypona cinerea for this pur- 
 pose. He found also that Mimesa argentifronx, a member of 
 the family Mimesidse, provisioned her nest with Euscelis 
 exitiosus. Further studies with these, and related families 
 of wasps might reveal the importance of these insects as 
 natural enemies of the leaf hoppers. 
 
 The chief natural enemies of the leaf hoppers are the 
 parasitic insects. These are undoubtedly responsible for hold- 
 ing these insects in check, so that they do only the usual 
 amount of damage annually. Such parasites are found in the 
 dipterous genus Pipimculus and among the Strepsiptera. But
 
 28 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 far more important than these are the hymenopterous para- 
 sites belonging to the subfamily Anteoninse and to the family 
 Bethylidx. Dr. F. A. Fenton's paper on this group shows 
 how extensive is the parasitization of leaf hoppers by these 
 forms which parasitize the nymphs and adults. Professor 
 Osborn states that sometimes 20 per cent of the individuals of 
 some of our native species are thus parasitized. The members 
 of the genus Gonotopus parasitize the majority of the Jassini, 
 while Aphelopus is the only parasite of the Typhlocybini. 
 Various hymenopterous egg parasites are also at times very 
 efficient. 
 
 The relation of fungous diseases to leaf-hopper control is 
 yet an open question. Only rarely have they been recorded 
 as attacking these insects. Professors Carman, Webster, and 
 Thaxter are seemingly the only ones reporting such cases. 
 The first two give records of Draeculacephala mollipes being 
 attacked by Empusa gt'yllL Professor Thaxter, in 1890, ob- 
 served Empusa killing the grape-leaf hopper in Connecticut. 
 It seems very probable, however, that in favorable seasons 
 this or other fungi may play some part in the natural control 
 of the leaf hoppers as they do for instance in the checking of 
 the grasshoppers. 
 
 Climatic conditions undoubtedly play an important part in 
 the control of insects. Thus many a foreign insect, on in- 
 troduction to this country, has not been able to gain a foot- 
 hold because of the different and untoward weather conditions. 
 It is well known also that even some forms which have become 
 more or less acclimated, as well as native forms, are often 
 kept in check by extremes of heat or cold. Thus in Kansas 
 very severe winters or very hot summers are known to pre- 
 vent outbreaks of Toxoptera. Undoubtedly the same is true 
 of large numbers of insects, and among them, of the leaf 
 hoppers. Johnson quotes Trimble as observing in 1865 that 
 when the thermometer reached 100 degrees Fahrenheit, thou- 
 sands of the grape-leaf hoppers were killed. It is easily shown 
 that grape-leaf hopper nymphs are killed by an exposure of a 
 few minutes to the hot sun, so that it is very probable that 
 when it becomes very hot, and host plants wither, that many 
 may not be able to find sufficient protection and therefore 
 succumb to the extreme heat. No one doubts also that untold 
 numbers of individuals are destroyed bv the extreme cold,
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 29 
 
 freezes, and snows of winter, regardless of whether hiberna- 
 tion occurs in the egg, nymphal or adult stage. Actual ex- 
 perimentation with extremes of heat and cold, controlling also 
 the moisture conditions, should give us interesting and per- 
 haps very instructive data as to just what part climatic con- 
 ditions do play in the control of such insects.
 
 Geographical Distribution. 
 
 Leaf hoppers are so well distributed over the earth that they 
 are truly cosmopolitan. They are well represented in all the 
 faunal realms, and in some countries are among the commonest 
 of the insects. In his catalogue of the Hemiptera of America 
 north of Mexico, published in 1917, Mr. Van Duzee lists about 
 700 species, and the number now known must be well beyond 
 that. I have been unable to get any estimate of the total 
 number of species known to science. 
 
 Professor Osborn has pointed out two facts of great in- 
 terest when one views this group as a whole or when the 
 fauna of two continents are compared. First, the fact is soon 
 observed, that the leaf hopper fauna of even two widely- 
 separated portions of the earth, are essentially and funda- 
 mentally alike in group characters. This is taken as showing 
 a common origin of the groups. And second, that though in 
 the main characters and larger groupings there are so many 
 similarities, yet there seem to be relatively very few cases of 
 specific identity between the species of such separated coun- 
 tries or continents. Examples of this fact are numerous when 
 our own forms are compared with the European. The sub- 
 family Paropinss, for example, occurs on both continents, yet 
 not one of our eight species seems to occur in Europe. Of our 
 seventy-five or more members of the genus Deltocephalus only 
 four are known to occur in Europe. And this is about the case 
 in almost any group one may choose. 
 
 This fact would argue for an early separation of our forms 
 from the European and for a consequently long development 
 here. It would seem to indicate also that introduction of leaf 
 hoppers into new continents, separated by oceans, is to-day 
 rather rare if occurring at all. And when one considers the 
 few adaptations of these forms for transmission, especially as 
 to life history, one is all the more convinced that such intro- 
 duction does not often take place. If such be the case it is 
 evident that the distribution of the leaf hoppers over the earth 
 must have occurred in the early times when the different por- 
 tions of the earth were more connected than they are now. 
 
 (30)
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID/E. 31 
 
 That leaf hoppers, however, are able to push out the limits 
 of their environment once they are in a country and unhindered 
 by high mountains or climatic conditions essentially different 
 from that to which they are adapted, is very evident. The 
 range of many of our North American species is steadily being 
 increased. Thus Professor Osborn shows that Drxculacephala 
 reticulata seems to be steadily pushing northward from its 
 southern home, seemingly having the power to adapt itself to 
 such minor changes as it may meet. Euscelis exitiosus he also 
 believes to have recently spread over the United States. 
 
 In the United States we find a rather general distribution of 
 the members of this family with the exception of the Paropinse. 
 The members of this subfamily are seemingly confined to Cali- 
 fornia or at least to the west of the Rockies. The Bythosco- 
 pinx on the other hand, are found well across the states The 
 Agallia group while found from north to south and east to west, 
 is yet undoubtedly subtropical. The genus Idiocerus is in the 
 main more northerly in its distribution. The members of vhe 
 genus Macropsis are more abundant in the Northeastern states, 
 few reaching the Pacific coast. Oncopsis is practically north- 
 ern in its distribution, while the members of the genus Bytho- 
 scopus are well represented in the Western states though also 
 occurring in the south and east. Thus in one subfamily we 
 find groups which favor each of the several portions of the 
 country in their distribution. 
 
 The Cicadelllnte are tropical or subtropical as a group. Nat- 
 urally we therefore find the subfamily best represented in our 
 Southern states though many species seem to have been able 
 to adapt themselves to northern conditions and some are found 
 commonly even in Canada. They occur across the continent 
 from east to west. Only two or three of the nearly fifty species 
 of the United States are known to occur in Europe. Many 
 of them, however, are found in Mexico and the West Indies, 
 some such region seemingly being their original home. 
 
 Comparatively few members of the subfamily Gyponinse seem 
 to be found on our western coast. As a group they seem to 
 be tropical or subtropical and hence are best represented in 
 our Southern states, though some species extend through our 
 Northern states into Canada. They are found in the Eastern 
 as well as the Western states.
 
 32 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Of the great subfamily Jassinss, we find representatives in 
 all parts of the United States. Here too, however, we see many 
 restrictions to certain regions. Thus the genus Acucephalu* 
 is confined largely to the Northeastern states. Cicadida, 
 Thamnotettix and others are largely northern, Uhleriella, 
 Aligia, Neoccelidia and others largely western, Spangbergiella 
 and Acinopterus essentially southern, while still others, such as 
 Deltocephalm, seem to find their optimum conditions in the 
 Middle West. Others are undoubtedly largely Rocky Mountain 
 forms. Some genera, on the other hand, and even some species, 
 seem to be able to find favorable conditions clear across the 
 continent and from the north to the south, so that they may be 
 spoken of as occurring throughout the United States.
 
 Systematic Position. 
 
 The Cicadellidss were formerly placed in the great order 
 Hemiptera. Of late years the suborders of this order have 
 been given ordinal rank, so that to-day we speak of these in- 
 sects as belonging to the order Homoptera. This order un- 
 doubtedly stands as the highest among those insects which have 
 an incomplete metamorphosis. 
 
 In the division of this order there seems to be a general dis- 
 position to follow Amyot and Serville in forming the two 
 groups Auchenorhynchi and Sternorhynchi, the former to in- 
 clude those families in which the beak arises clearly from the 
 posterior or lower part of the head, the latter including the 
 families where the beak seems to arise from between the pro- 
 thoracic legs. These groups may be further separated by the 
 character of the antennae and the number of tarsal joints. In 
 the former the antennae are usually awl-shaped or setaceous ; in 
 the latter they vary in form but are never bristle-like. The 
 members of the former group also always have three- jointed 
 tarsi, while the tarsi of the latter are composed of but one or 
 two segments and rarely are lacking. 
 
 Some authorities in dividing the Hemiptera into suborders 
 make the Auchenorhynchi equal to their suborder Homoptera 
 and the Sternorhynchi to the suborder Gularostria. 
 
 Along with the Cicadidse, Membracidse, Cercopidte, and Ful- 
 goridse, the Cicadellidas belong to the Auchenorhynchi, and it 
 is with this group that we are particularly concerned in dis- 
 cussing the systematic position of the leaf hoppers. 
 
 It now seems to be generally believed that the Cicadidte are 
 the lowest of these five families. Comstock and Needham 
 pointed out in 1899, in a paper on the wings of insects, that 
 this family had the nearest to the primitive condition of wing 
 venation of any Hemiptera. Funkhouser does not believe that 
 the wings of the Cicadidse are as generalized as those of the 
 Membracidse, though agreeing in placing them below the latter 
 in phylogenetic rank. This is Osborn's opinion also. The fact 
 that they are the only Auchenorhynchi with three ocelli, the 
 
 (33) 
 
 3 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 34 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 others having two or none, would indicate their more primi- 
 tive condition. 
 
 It is quite commonly believed also by Homopterists that the 
 Fulgoridse represent the most specialized forms of this group. 
 This opinion was held by Kirkaldy and Hansen and is held to- 
 day by Funkhouser and others. One cannot look carefully at 
 the wonderful antennae of a large number of these forms with- 
 out agreeing with this disposition of the family provided the 
 development of the antennas and its sensory organs be consid- 
 ered an important criterion. Certain it is that they must be 
 placed by themselves, for it would be hard to try to connect 
 them closely with any of the four other families of the group. 
 
 The three families, Membracidse, Cicadellidse, and Cercopidx 
 are now left for consideration. One cannot have even a casual 
 acquaintance with these forms without realizing their sim- 
 ilarity and close affinity. That they are all three derived from 
 a common stem seems to be plainly evident. The question is as 
 to their relative position. 
 
 Having made the Cicadidse the lowest and the Fulgoridse the 
 highest families of the Auchenorhynchi, we must necessarily 
 place the remaining families in between, so that we now have 
 the Cicadidse arising from a lower stem, the Membracidae, Cicci- 
 dellidse, and Cercopidse from a middle one, and the Fulgoridse 
 from a third and highest one. 
 
 When we study the families arising from this middle stem it 
 seems that Funkhouser has made his point in claiming that the 
 Membracidse are the lowest of the three. This would put them 
 next to the Cicadidse, but as we have indicated, their relation- 
 ship would not be so much with them as with the other families 
 of the middle stem. In support of his position he shows that 
 the Membracidse have a very poorly developed sensory system, 
 causing them to respond very slowly to stimuli, that the wings 
 are very generalized, and that the genital organs are simple. 
 In the first, if not in all of these respects, the Cicadellidse and 
 Cercopidse are certainly more specialized. 
 
 The question now arises as to which of these two families is 
 closer to the Membracidse. Here we are helped by a curious 
 insect which seems to be half Membracid and half Cicadellid. 
 I refer to ^thalion, an insect found in this country and in 
 Central and South America. It looks very much like a Cica- 
 dellid, but instead of having a double row of prominent spines
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHXE. 35 
 
 on the hind tibiae, has those parts of the leg covered with weak 
 spines or hairs quite promiscuously arranged. Here is an ap- 
 proach to the Cicadellid leg. On the other hand, it has certain 
 very distinct Membracid characters though lacking the chief 
 characteristic of the family, namely, the Membracid pronotum. 
 So similar is this insect to both these families that entomolo- 
 gists have had much trouble in deciding to which it belongs. 
 Stal placed it with the Membracidse, but Ashmead included it 
 with the Bythoscopidse. Van Duzee places it under a subfamily 
 of its own, as a Membracid, but as the form of that family 
 closest to the Cicadellidse. 
 
 Thus we seem to be safe in putting the Cicadellidte next to 
 and above the Membracidte because of their better sensory sys- 
 tem, and because of this connecting form. It is not at all im- 
 probable, however, that the JEthali&ninsB will later be placed in 
 a family by themselves, but in any case they would still consti- 
 tute the link between these two families. 
 
 The Cercopidte do not seem to show such close relationships 
 to the Membracidse, nor do they seem to be as closely connected 
 with the Cicadellidse as is this family to the tree hoppers. 
 There seem to be no forms connecting them with the leaf 
 hoppers, and yet their relationship with them and the tree 
 hoppers is very evident. For this reason it seems probable 
 that they are an older offshoot from this middle stem than 
 either of the other two, and this would seem to be evidenced 
 also by their peculiar life history. 
 
 It seems probable that the nymphal habit of enveloping 
 themselves in a mass of spittle could not be a habit easily or 
 quickly developed. That it is a protective habit is certain, for 
 as Dr. F. A. Fenton has shown, while large numbers of Cica- 
 dellids and Fulgorids, also a Membracid, are parasitized by the 
 Anteoninw, we have yet to find a single instance of the para- 
 sitization of a Cercopid. Thus this habit has been long enough 
 in development to have seemingly made it an absolute success 
 in the protection of these insects from their parasitic foes. So 
 that considering their specialized life history, along with their 
 morphology and the absence of intermediate forms between 
 them and the Cicadellids, we would place the Cercopidte above 
 the latter and have them leaving the middle stem before the 
 Membracids and Cicadellids.
 
 36 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Diagrammatically this phylogenetic relationship would be ex- 
 pressed as follows: 
 
 FULGORIDAE 
 
 CERCOPIDAE 
 
 CICADELLIDAC 
 
 MEMBRACIDAE 
 
 I CAD I DAE 
 
 When we consider the relationships of the different sub- 
 families of the Cicadellidas we again find opportunity for 
 differences of opinion. Van Duzee in his catalogue arranges 
 them in the following order, beginning with the lowest : 
 
 Paropinse. 
 
 Bythoscopinse. 
 
 Cicadellinse. 
 
 Gyponinse. 
 
 Jassinse. 
 
 Dr. F. A. Fenton in his paper on the parasites of leaf hop- 
 pers gives the following phylogenetic tree for these sub- 
 families : 
 
 TYPHLOCYBINAE 
 
 6Y POP WAI 
 
 CICADELUNAE 
 
 BYTHOSCQJWNAE 
 PAROPJNAE
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^. 37 
 
 Here the tribe Typhlocybini has been removed from the 
 Jassinse and given subfamily rank, the phylogenetic arrange- 
 ment, however, agreeing with that of Van Duzee, whose ar- 
 rangement seems to be quite generally accepted. 
 
 A question that yet may have to be decided differently is 
 that of the position of the tribe Typhlocybini or the subfamily 
 Typhlocybini. In many ways they appear to be the highest 
 members of the family. This is especially true of their wings 
 which show very evidently a specialized condition as com- 
 pared with the wings of the members of the other subfami- 
 lies. The loss of the ocelli in some of the genera may also 
 be taken to indicate specialization. 
 
 Gillette, however, in his monograph of the American mem- 
 bers of the subfamily, calls them the lowest of the leaf hop- 
 pers, and there are others who at least partially share this 
 view. In this connection the work on the parasites of these 
 forms is rather interesting. 
 
 Fenton finds that the members of the tribe Typhlocybini are 
 parasitized only by members of the genus Aphelopus and curi- 
 ously enough Kornhauser finds that our only known Mem- 
 bracid parasite is a member of the same genus. 
 
 While we would not argue that this was any proof that the 
 Typhlocybini are the closest leaf hoppers to the Membracids, 
 and therefore the lowest of the Cicadellidse, yet, if Kellogg can 
 trace the relationships of seemingly unrelated birds through 
 the agency of their parasites, may it not be possible to do some- 
 thing of the same kind here. If closely related Mallophaga 
 are found only on closely related birds, may we not expect 
 to find closely related parasites parasitizing closely related 
 Homoptera? In fact do we not find thifc in the case of all in- 
 sects? For certainly it would be easier for a parasite to 
 adapt itself to parasitizing a closely related form than one 
 distantly related. So that it may be that in a few years we 
 may find the Typhlocybini to be not the highest, but among 
 the lower, if not the very lowest of all the groups of this family. 
 
 289754
 
 38 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 PLATE I. 
 
 1. Dorsal view of Phlepsius irroratus. (v, vertex; e, compound eye; 
 p, pronotum; s, scutellum; c, clavus; es, elytral suture; cs, claval suture; 
 co, corium.) 
 
 2. Face of Phlepsius irroratus. (f, front; e, compound eye; a, an- 
 tenna; I, lora; g, gena; c, clypeus; Ir, labrum; la, labium.) 
 
 3. Meta thoracic leg of Phlepsius irroratus. (c, coxa; t, trochanter; 
 /, femur; ti, tibia; ta, tarsus.) 
 
 4. Tip of abdomen of female Phlepsius in-oratus. (s, last ventral 
 segment; o, ovipositor; p, py gofer.) 
 
 5. Tip of abdomen of male Phlepsius irroratus (s, last ventral seg- 
 ment; v, valve; p, py gofer; pi, plates.) 
 
 6. Hind wing of Phlepsius irroratus. (a, apical cells; m, marginal 
 vein.) 
 
 7. Elytron of Phlepsius irroratus. (1, first sector; 2, second sector; 
 3, outer branch of first sector; 4, inner branch of first sector; 5, first 
 cross nervure between sectors; 6, claval suture; 7, outer claval vein; 8, 
 inner claval vein; a, apical cells; b, anteapical cells; c, appendix.)
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 
 
 39 
 
 PLATE I.
 
 The Chief Morphological Features. 
 
 While there have been some attempts to work out the mor- 
 phology of the Cicadellidas, yet it does not seem that the subject 
 has yet received much thorough investigation. Therefore in 
 this paper we propose to give only as much information on the 
 morphology as will enable one to recognize members of the 
 family, and enable them to use the keys for their specific de- 
 termination. It is hoped at some future time to carefully study 
 the morphology, both external and internal, of the family. 
 
 As in all insects, the body of the leaf hopper is divided into 
 three distinct regions, namely, head, thorax, and abdomen. 
 The chief features of each are briefly described below and il- 
 lustrated in the accompanying plate (plate I). 
 
 The upper or dorsal portion of the head is called the vertex. 
 There is no distinct division between this portion and the rest 
 of the head, but often there is more or less of a distinct margin 
 between it and the face. The greater portion of the latter is 
 called the front. It is not separated from the vertex by a dis- 
 tinct dividing line or suture, but is distinctly bounded laterally 
 by sutures which frequently run past the antennae clear to the 
 anterior margin of the head. On the lower side or ventrally 
 the front is bounded by a transverse suture. The clypeus is 
 the rectangular sclerite attached to the anterior or lower edge 
 of the front. The lorse are the rather semicircular sclerites on 
 either side of the front and clypeus, while the gente are the 
 large sclerites extending from below the eyes and surrounding 
 the lorse. It might be stated that Cogan claims that the clypeus 
 proper is not clearly differentiated in the Homoptera, and that 
 what is usually called the clypeus is really the labrum or upper 
 lip. 
 
 The eyes are of two kinds, compound and simple. The 
 former are always large and prominent and occupy a large part 
 of the head. The simple eyes or ocelli are always small, and 
 are lacking in many members of the Typhlocybini. In the 
 Paropinze and Bythoscopinze they are situated on the front, be- 
 low the margin of the vertex, in the Cicadellinte and Gyponinte 
 
 (40)
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLIDJE. 41 
 
 they are situated on the vertex, while in the Jassinx they are 
 on or near the margin of the vertex. 
 
 The antennae or feelers are always setaceous or bristle-like. 
 They are on the face between the compound eyes and the front. 
 The basal segments are large but soon they become very small. 
 The number of segments is comparatively large. In the genus 
 Idiocerus the antennae are used in the differentiation of the 
 species due to the possession in the males of variously-shaped, 
 flattened discs at the apex. 
 
 The mouth parts consist of a large 3-jointed beak or pro- 
 boscis which, in a groove on its anterior or dorsal surface, bears 
 a minute triangular sclerite and two pairs of brown stylets 
 which run its whole length. The former is claimed by Cogan 
 to be the small epipharynx. By some it is thought to be the 
 labrum or upper lip, and the membrane below it the epi- 
 pharnyx. The inner pair of stylets constitute the maxillse, 
 while the outer ones are the piercing mandibles. The proboscis 
 or rostrum is the labium or lower lip. 
 
 The thorax, as in all insects, is composed of three segments 
 called respectively the pro-, meso-, and metathorax. Dorsally 
 however, only two of these segments are seen. The large por- 
 tion behind the head is the tergum or dorsal sclerite of the pro- 
 thorax and is called the pronotum. The triangular sclerite 
 back of the pronotum is a part of the dorsal sclerite of the 
 mesothorax and is called the scutellum. The side pieces of the 
 thoracic segments are called pro-, meso-, and metapleurse, re- 
 spectively. 
 
 The appendages of the thorax are the legs and the wings. 
 Each of the three segments bears a pair of legs and the meso- 
 and metathorax a pair of wings in addition. The legs have the 
 usual segments, but the tibiae are very long and very charac- 
 teristically armed with a double row of stout spines. The tarsi 
 are invariably 3-jointed. 
 
 The mesothoracic wings are thicker than the membranous 
 metathoracic wings. The former are often called the elytra 
 and a few speak of them as tegmina. In the accompanying 
 plate the different parts of the wing are labelled according 
 to the terms used in the following systematic treatise of the 
 Kansas species. The metathoracic or hind wings are some- 
 times simply called the wings. They are much wider than the 
 elytra and when at rest have the inner portion distinctly folded.
 
 42 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 In the Typhlocybini their venation is of importance in the 
 separation of the genera, otherwise they are not much used 
 systematically. 
 
 The abdomen consists of a number of distinct segments, 
 but the segmentation of the terminal portion is indistinct. 
 Each segment consists of two pieces, a dorsal tergum and a 
 ventral sternum. These are connected by pleural membranes. 
 There are eight distinct tergites, the last one being called the 
 pygofer. This sclerite is usually more or less divided caudo- 
 dorsally and through this excision rises the anal tube which 
 bears the anus at its apex. The question as to the number of 
 segments composing the anal tube is an interesting one and 
 one that requires careful study. In the female the pygofers 
 nearly enclose the ovipositor which is composed of three pairs 
 of valves. The pygofers are usually exceeded in length by the 
 ovipositor. 
 
 The terminal sternites are of importance in classification. 
 In the female, in many genera, the last sternite is characteristic 
 of the species and is much used in differentiating them. In 
 a comparatively few species this last ventral segment is de- 
 scribed as being composed of an outer and inner membrane. 
 This is the case in the Deltocephalus compactus-weedi group. 
 It may be that a careful study with caustic potash specimens 
 will reveal the existence of such a condition in many more, if 
 not in all of the Cicadellidse. 
 
 In the male the sternite just before the valve is called the 
 last ventral sternite. The valve is usually a small and tri- 
 angular sclerite situated just before the plates. In many 
 genera the valve is described as lacking, but it seems more 
 probable that it is never absent, but only apparently so be- 
 cause it is often overlapped by the last ventral segment. It 
 is of great value in classification. In some genera, however, 
 it cannot be much used. 
 
 Just caudad of the valve is a pair of usually triangular 
 sclerites, called plates. These also are often much used in 
 classification. They are fastened to the posterior margin of 
 the valve. Their homology brings up a question yet to be 
 worked out, for the question at once arises as to whether they 
 represent the divided sternite of the ninth abdominal seg- 
 ment, or whether they are paired reproductive appendages, 
 derived as are the other reproductive appendages from primi-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHXE. 43 
 
 tive locomotory organs. The plates vary much in size and 
 shape in the different genera and even in species of the same 
 genus. When viewed ventrally they frequently completely 
 cover the pygofers, though often they are very small and much 
 exceeded by the pygofers. 
 
 In systematic work on the CicadeUidx, the last sternite, 
 commonly called the last ventral segment, with the pygofers 
 and ovipositor of the female, and the last ventral segment, 
 valve, plates, and pygofers of the male, have been spoken of 
 as the genitalia. In this paper they are spoken of as the 
 external genitalia to distinguish them from the other, hitherto 
 little used, more or less hidden genitalia, which, to distinguish 
 them from the above, are here called the internal genitalia.
 
 The Male Internal Genitalia. 
 
 The genitalia of the various groups of insects are being 
 studied more and more both by the morphologist and syste- 
 matist, for it is now well known that in many groups they 
 are a very great help if not the chief means of separation and 
 classification. Along with the venation of the wing, they have 
 often furnished the chief characters for working out the sys- 
 tematic problems of many groups. Already much use has been 
 made of them as witnessed by work on the Melanopli and 
 other Orthoptera, many groups of the Lepidoptera, Coleoptera, 
 Diptera, Hymenoptera, and other orders. Knight's paper on 
 the genus Lygus is illustrative of their value in systematic 
 work. 
 
 In the Homoptera some use has been made of the terminal 
 portion of the abdomen in classification. The importance of 
 the pygidium in the Diaspinse is now well known to all, and the 
 use of the terminal sclerites in the Cicadellidce has done much 
 to help in the differentiation of the species. As before men- 
 tioned, the pygofers, last ventral segment, and ovipositor of 
 the female, and the pygofers, last ventral segment, valve, and 
 plates of the male, have been the parts spoken of as the geni- 
 talia of this family. These are the parts that are external and 
 are thus readily observed. There are other parts of the 
 genitalia, however, which have been but little used and yet 
 which it seems are of much importance and could be readily 
 used, especially in cases where all other helps seem to fail. 
 These portions are what we have called the "internal male 
 genitalia," using the word "internal" merely to distinguish 
 them from the ordinarily used organs which we have styled 
 the "external genitalia." In reality these organs are not in- 
 ternal, being situated in an open genital chamber which is 
 the "terminal chamber" of Sharp's Pentatomidte. 
 
 These organs have been but little used in systematic work 
 on the Cicadellidaz. Johnson in his bulletin on the grape-leaf 
 hopper gives a drawing of them as he saw them in that species, 
 but evidently no attempt was made to get at their connection 
 with the abdomen and with each other. In his Hemiptera- 
 Homoptera of the British Isles, Edwards occasionally makes 
 
 (44)
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 45 
 
 a little use of these organs and figures portions of them, but 
 again no effort was made to dissect them out and get at the 
 relative differences in the various genera or species. 
 
 Hitherto Prof. Franz Then seems to have come the near- 
 est to actually using these organs in systematic work on the 
 leaf hoppers. In his papers on several members of the genera 
 Deltocephalus and Thamnotettix he figures in a comparative 
 way the internal genitalia of several species and shows that 
 they vary characteristically for each species. His figures, 
 however, do not show the details of form and structure nor 
 the connection of the various parts. 
 
 The organs that we have placed under the heading of in- 
 ternal genitalia are three in number. These we have called 
 the paired styles, the style-cedagus connective, and the 
 wdagus. , 
 
 The styles are always paired and fastened to the dorsal 
 surface of the plates. At the point of their attachment to the 
 plates the latter bear distinct ridges or chitinous thickenings 
 usually near the antero-lateral margin. These styles are 
 chitinous organs varying very much in shape. They are some- 
 times simply columnar in form, but most often triangular in 
 outline. They are often fastened to the plates at about their 
 middle, though usually nearer the anterior end. They vary 
 much in their shape at either end in the different species, but 
 most particularly in the form of the posterior end. There are 
 also usually characteristic irregularities or processes along 
 the margins. The greater portion of the styles usually pro- 
 jects out into the genital chamber and is therefore really ex- 
 ternal, but the anterior part of it always passes through the 
 membrane forming the anterior wall of the genital chamber, 
 and reaches into the body cavity, often reaching into the cavity 
 of the seventh abdominal segment. Professor Then applied 
 the term "Griffel" to a style. They are undoubtedly a pair 
 of claspers. 
 
 The style-oedagus connective, or briefly, the connective, is a 
 chitinous sclerite which connects the two styles and is also 
 usually connected with the oedagus at its caudal extremity. 
 I have been unable to find in the literature a homologous 
 sclerite and hence do not know whether it has already been 
 named. Professor Then called it the "Stutze." The term I 
 have suggested for it is in keeping with his name for it also
 
 46 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 explains its function. It is undoubtedly used to coordinate 
 the action of the styles in copulation and usually also with 
 them, that of the cedagus. There are always more or less 
 prominent processes on the mesal margins of the styles to 
 which the connective is fastened. It varies much in the dif- 
 ferent genera being sometimes simply a transverse chitinous 
 bar, at other times it is U- or V-shaped, and often is quite 
 elongate and columnar in form. In rare cases it seems to have 
 no connection with the oedagus and is then much reduced 
 in size. The question of its homology seems to afford an 
 interesting problem for future work. 
 
 The oedagus is commonly spoken of as the penis sheath. 
 4n thia oaoo I boliovo it io tho poniG itoolf and the tcrmo-havc- 
 -been used aynonymoualy.- Professor Then called it the "Mem- 
 brum virile." It is also a chitinous sclerite, connected an- 
 teriorly with the connective. It assumes a great variety of 
 forms and is often very characteristic even in closely-related 
 species. Its base is usually quite enlarged or bears a more 
 or less strongly developed dorsally directed process. This is 
 for the purpose of fastening it to the wall of the genital cham- 
 ber which is composed of the membranes that form the anal 
 tube and the ental surfaces of the pygofers. The terminal 
 portion of the oedagus is variously developed, sometimes simply, 
 often with additional chitinous lateral or ventral processes. 
 
 In addition to the above it has been found that the pygofers 
 themselves often bear chitinous bars or spines that are dis- 
 tinctive of the species. Thus the posterior margin of the 
 pygofers often bears a characteristic tooth or lobe, and in the 
 sides of these organs there are often characteristically shaped 
 chitinous structures. In some genera moreover the dorsal 
 margin bears chitinous bars which are specifically distinct 
 and which in some genera are united anteriorly, forming a 
 U- or V-shaped chitinous structure around the base of the 
 anal tube. These structures are, of course, too small for super- 
 ficial study, but because of being in the pygofers, are described, 
 when present, with the external genitalia. They seem to be 
 of equal importance in some cases with the internal genitalia 
 in the separation of species and varieties that show no differ- 
 ences in the external genitalia. 
 
 It has been the purpose of this paper to study and describe 
 these internal genitalia in representatives of the more import-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 47 
 
 ant and common of our genera. Although this has been done 
 for a goodly number of species, yet the real value of such work 
 will not appear till a whole genus is worked, and then its 
 worth will be readily seen. Accordingly what is here done is 
 only to prepare the way for such work, to show that there are 
 possibilities with the leaf hoppers on this line, to get ac- 
 quainted with the structures, and gain experience in the neces- 
 sary technique. 
 
 The technique employed is as follows : The specimens to be 
 examined are first soaked in a ten per cent solution of caustic 
 potash. The time they are left in the solution depends alto- 
 gether on the size and color of the specimen. Light and deli- 
 cate species are left for only two or three hours. Large and 
 dark forms may require several days before they are clear. 
 Care should be taken however not to leave small species in too 
 long as they become too light. If plenty of material is at hand 
 the whole specimen may be dropped into the fluid, otherwise^ 
 only the abdomen or the tip of the abdomen need be used, thus 
 retaining much of the value of the desirable specimen. For 
 this soaking the specimens may be kept in small vials, each 
 bearing a number, so that accurate records may be kept and 
 the mixing of the species avoided. In this way the same vial 
 of caustic potash can be used over and over again till the fluid 
 becomes too dirty. 
 
 When thoroughly cleared up by the caustic potash, the speci- 
 mens are removed into a watch crystal of distilled water. A 
 watch crystal with the middle of its convex surface flattened 
 is the best. This enables one to rest it without fear of tipping 
 on the glass stage of a binocular. The particular binocular 
 used was a Bausch & Lomb machine with a 32 mm. objective 
 and 8x oculars. The watch crystal and stage both being glass 
 excellent illumination can be obtained by using a spotlight on 
 the mirror of the binocular. Minuten Nadeln are the most 
 satisfactory dissecting needles for such work, ordinary dissect- 
 ing needles being altogether too big for work with the smaller 
 forms, particularly the Typhlocybini. 
 
 It was found best to first draw all the organs in situ from a 
 lateral view. As accurate a drawing as possible was made in 
 this way and any parts not clearly seen were later cleared up 
 when the pygof ers were torn open and the organs fully exposed 
 to view. Then the styles may be torn loose from the plates
 
 48 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 and the cedagus from the membrane of the genital chamber, 
 and thus the styles, the connective, and the cedagus be freed 
 intact. These were then usually drawn in their normal posi- 
 tion, that is a dorsal view of them was obtained. Thus with the 
 previous lateral in situ view, and a dorsal view, a fairly accu- 
 rate idea of these organs can be gained. Both these drawings 
 were later verified and if necessary corrected when the 
 mounted genitalia were studied with the higher magnification 
 of the compound microscope. 
 
 The drawing of these organs was greatly facilitated by us- 
 ing, in one of the oculars, an eye-piece scale ruled into squares. 
 The drawing paper was then ruled into inch squares corre- 
 sponding to these squares. In this way drawings can be made 
 quickly and accurately and with all the various species drawn 
 to the same scale. Our drawings are about 40 times the size 
 of the genitalia. 
 
 After they are dissected out and drawn, the genitalia are 
 transferred to 95 per cent alcohol for a few minutes, then to 
 xylol for a similar period, and finally mounted on slides in 
 Canada balsam. A pin with a small loop in the end and with 
 the other end fastened into a wooden handle is an excellent 
 tool for the transfer of these tiny organs from one liquid to 
 another. 
 
 As in other groups of insects it will be found that these 
 genitalia show distinct and specific differences in some genera, 
 while in others they are, for purposes of classification, of 
 little or no value. In some cases however I believe they are 
 practically the only criterion that will enable us to correctly 
 decide between species and varieties, and also to decide the 
 generic position of some forms, which though specifically dis- 
 tinct, yet give much trouble as to their true generic disposition. 
 
 The value of these internal genitalia may readily be shown in 
 the little that has been done on the Agallia group. In their re- 
 view of the members of this genus Osborn & Ball pointed out 
 the existence of three groups within the genus. The differences 
 between these groups, while based partly on adult characters, 
 were more particularly indicated in the nymphs, which vary 
 considerably both as to structure and life history. In 1907 
 Kirkaldy, recognizing the distinctions between these groups, 
 gave to them subgeneric rank, and accordingly divided the
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 49 
 
 genus into the subgenera Agalliopsis, Agallia, and Acerata- 
 gallia. 
 
 In the work on the internal genitalia of these forms, repre- 
 sentatives of each were examined, and it was found that in 
 these organs there are distinct differences between the mem- 
 bers of the three subgenera, and that in each subgenus these 
 organs, though differing specifically, are yet of the same gen- 
 eral type. Thus in Agallia, novella, a member of the subgenus 
 Agalliopsis, the styles are each composed of two distinct 
 sclerites, a condition not found in any member of the other sub- 
 genera. The cedagus is also characteristic of the subgenus, 
 being much larger and with accessory lateral processes which 
 do not occur in the other subgenera. Moreover, it was found 
 that this species has, partially imbedded in the pygofers and 
 partially free, a very peculiar and characteristic chitinous 
 process corresponding to which there is nothing in the other 
 subgenera. 
 
 Agallia constricta and 4-punctata were then studied as types 
 of the subgenus Agallia. Here the styles were found to consist 
 of a single piece, and though distinctly and specifically different 
 in the two species, were yet of the same type, each being some- 
 what club-shaped and terminating in two blunt apical processes. 
 The oedagus also in each case was found to be of the same type 
 and vastly different from that of novella, having an enlarged 
 base and a long and curved terminal process. In constricta, 
 however, it is much stouter and heavier basally than in 4- 
 punctata. 
 
 Agallia uhleri, sanguinolenta, and cinerea were next studied 
 as representatives of the subgenus Aceratagallia. The three 
 were found to agree in type of styles and oedagus which in the 
 case of both organs was entirely different from that found in 
 the other two subgenera. In this group the style consists of 
 a more or less club-shaped basal portion and a broad flat 
 terminal portion which has the mesal margin distinctly ser- 
 rate. But the styles of the three species, while of the same 
 type, are yet specifically distinct. Thus in sanguinolenta the 
 terminal portion is drawn out into a long lateral tooth, while 
 the style of uhleri, though much like it, lacks this lateral tooth. 
 The style of cinerea, on the other hand, has the mesal margin 
 strongly rounded apically, a condition not found in the other 
 
 4 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 50 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 two, denoting the closer relationship of uhleri to sanguinolenta 
 than to cinerea. These three forms agree also in having a 
 small oedagus built on the same pattern but differing in minor 
 details. 
 
 Thus it was found that representatives of these three sub- 
 genera, though each with its own characteristic genitalia, yet 
 by these organs alone could readily be divided into three dis- 
 tinct groups. In view therefore of this, combined with the 
 differences in the nymphs and the adults, it has been thought 
 best to raise Kirkaldy's subgenera to generic rank. And this 
 leads us to believe that with similar studies in other groups, 
 similar changes, one way or the other, will be forthcoming. 
 
 The above shows the value of such studies in determining 
 generic differences. It has been found throughout the work 
 that they are also of great value in specific determinations 
 within the genus. So far we have not run across a single case 
 where we could not find specific differences in the genitalia of 
 the species of any genus.' It is true, however, that in some 
 genera, such as Idiocerus, these differences may be very slight, 
 and further and careful study must be given to them before 
 they could be used very much in separating the species. Even 
 here, however, it has been found that they have some value, for 
 such species as Idiocerus verticis and nervatus can readily be 
 distinguished by the structure of the oedagus. 
 
 Furthermore, we believe these genitalia will help to settle 
 questions as to the specific or varietal rank of certain forms. 
 Illustrations of this were readily found among the Typhlocybini 
 as well as among other groups. Thus it was found that Ery- 
 throneura, obliqua had a constant form of internal genitalia. 
 When its variety fumida, however, was examined, it was found 
 that in no way could it possibly be considered as belonging to 
 the same species, for the differences both of styles and oedagus 
 could not possibly be as great in mere varieties of the same 
 species. In the styles it was found that the terminal tooth of 
 the latter was invariably much longer and more slender, while 
 the cedagus of the latter was distinctly bifid apically as com- 
 pared with the bluntly apexed cedagus of the former. Then 
 when the variety dorsalis was examined, the style was found 
 to be very different apically from that of the preceding two 
 forms, while the oedagus had a pair of very large and con- 
 spicuous lateral processes of which in the two preceding forms
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 51 
 
 there was not even a suggestion. It seemed clear enough then 
 that the three forms examined must be distinct species. 
 
 With the thought in mind that such would also prove to be 
 the case with the variety ncevus, we started in to study the 
 latter form, but to our surprise, we found that in no appreci- 
 able way did it differ from typical obliqua, and as far as the 
 genitalia showed was a true variety. And when one considers 
 the color markings, it can readily be seen that this form is 
 certainly far nearer typical obliqua than are either fumida or 
 dorsalis. Accordingly we have decided to give the latter two 
 specific rank, while retaining noevus as a variety. 
 
 In the same way it was found that the variety nigra of 
 Erythroneura vulnerata could no longer be considered as such 
 because of the absolute difference in these organs, and so it 
 too is raised to specific rank. 
 
 Erythroneura comes and its varieties also furnished inter- 
 esting results. All the varieties were not at hand for study, 
 but all available ones were studied with the result that varieties 
 scutelleris, basalaris, and maculata are here given specific rank, 
 while the other varieties studied, namely, ziczac, vitis, infuscata, 
 and coloradensis, are retained as varieties. The former three 
 have a type of genitalia, especially the oedagus, entirely differ- 
 ent from that found in the rest of'the comes group. The dif- 
 ferences are very strong and obvious. They differ, however, 
 very characteristically among themselves in the shape of the 
 chitinous process in the dorsal margin of the pygofers. In 
 basalaris this process is a simple rod tapering to an acute tip. 
 In maculata this process terminates in two short and stout 
 and widely separated teeth. In scutelleris it is of the same 
 type as in maculata, but terminates in two long slender and 
 approximate teeth. Thus they are readily separated from 
 each other. 
 
 Moreover, when one studies the color markings of these 
 forms, it will be seen that these three are more distant from 
 comes than are the four which are retained as varieties. The 
 variety coloradensis differs from typical comes only in the 
 black spots of the scutellum. In ziczac the spots of comes have 
 darkened and fused into the characteristic elytral lines and 
 these are carried on to the pronotum and head in infuscata, 
 And, as Gillette states, ziczac can readily be taken as an inter- 
 mediate form between the typical comes and the variety vitis.
 
 52 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 It should be mentioned here, however, that even in the 
 case of these four varieties minor differences were observed 
 and further study to ascertain the limits of variation in the 
 genitalia of this group might make changes in the position in 
 which we at this time leave these varieties. For the present 
 though it seems best to leave them as varieties. The three 
 which here are given specific rank are, however, very distinctly 
 good species. 
 
 It should also be mentioned here that in the larger group- 
 ings there is more or less uniformity in the form of the geni- 
 talia. This is not true of all the groups. But in some cases, as 
 for example in the Typhlocybini, we find the styles charac- 
 teristic of the group. 
 
 Thus in the larger groups, the genera, the species, and in 
 the varieties, we find in a study of these organs much that 
 either confirms our present disposition of the members of 
 this family, or else that shows us how to improve in our 
 classification. All that this paper shows is simply the possi- 
 bility along this line. As previously stated, the real value of 
 such studies can only be shown when genera are treated in 
 their entirety. This it is hoped will be done for many, if not 
 all the groups, in the years to come.
 
 Recognition of the Cicadellidae. 
 
 It is not probable that the Cicadellidas would be confused 
 with any of the Homoptera Sternorhynchi, for in the latter, 
 among the differences, the beak seemingly arises from be- 
 tween the prothoracic legs instead of the posterior portion of 
 the head, the antennae are of any form except setaceous as they 
 are in the leaf hoppers, and the tarsi are composed of one or 
 two segments, while in the leaf hoppers there are always three. 
 
 Of the Homoptera, Auchenorhynchl the Cicadidse, because of 
 their much larger size, need never be confused with the leaf 
 hoppers. The Fulgoridae are also distinguished from them by 
 having the variously formed antennae situated directly below 
 the eyes, instead of having the invariably setaceous antennae 
 between and below the eyes. The Membracidfe usually have the 
 pronotum extending back over the abdomen, whereas that of 
 the leaf hoppers does not. In the few tree hoppers where the 
 pronotum does not extend back over the abdomen, we do not 
 find the hind tibiae provided with the double row of stout spines 
 as in the leaf hoppers. The Cercopidse are separated from the 
 leaf hoppers by also lacking these spines, having instead one or 
 two stout spines along the tibiae and a circlet of small ones at 
 the apex. 
 
 The following is a key for the separation of these families : 
 
 A. Large insects with three ocelli. Cicadidx. 
 
 AA. Smaller insects with two or no ocelli. 
 
 B. Pronotum usually prolonged backward over abdomen; hind 
 
 tibiae without double row of spines. Membracidse. 
 
 BB. Prcnotum never prolonged backward over abdomen. 
 C. Antennas setaceous, between and below eyes. 
 
 D. Hind tibiae with distinct double rows of spines. 
 
 DD. Hind tibiae with one or two stout spines and termi- 
 
 nating in a circlet of small spines. Cercopidse. 
 CC. Antennae of various forms but directly below the eyes. 
 
 Fulgoridx. 
 
 It will be seen from the above that the characteristically 
 spined hind tibiae alone are enough to distinguish the leaf hop- 
 pers from any of the other families. Indeed this is the out- 
 standing feature of the family. 
 
 (53)
 
 Systematic Treatment of Kansas Species. 
 
 Van Duzee in his catalogue of the Hemiptera of America 
 north of Mexico, divides the Cicadellidse into five subfamilies, 
 which may be separated by the following^key : 
 
 A. Ocelli below margin of vertex. 
 
 B. With a distinct margin between the vertex and the front. 
 
 Paropinas. 
 BB. Without a distinct margin between the vertex and the front. 
 
 By thoscopinse. 
 
 AA. Ocelli, if present, on or above margin of vertex. 
 B. Ocelli on disc of vertex. 
 
 C. Body elongate, cylindrical. Cicadellinv. 
 
 CC. Body more robust, flattened. Gyponinse. 
 
 BB. Ocelli, if present, on or near the margin of vertex. 
 
 Jdssinse. 
 
 The Paropinse do not occur in the state, being found only 
 west of the Rockies. 
 
 Subfamily BYTHOSCOPIN^E (Dohrn). 
 
 The members of this subfamily are in the main short and 
 broad species, having the ocelli below the margin of the vertex 
 on the front, and with no distinct margin between the vertex 
 and the front. 
 
 KEY TO GENERA. 
 
 A. Anterior margin of pronotum not distinctly produced beyond an- 
 terior margin of the eyes; vertex rounded anteriorly. 
 B. Head as wide as, or wider than, pronotum. 
 C. Elytra without a distinct appendix. 
 D. Pronotum finely granulated. 
 
 E. Posterior margin of vertex elevated, forming 
 
 irregular curve. Agalliopsis. 
 
 EE. Posterior margin of vertex normal, forming 
 
 regular curve. Agallia. 
 
 DD. Pronotum transversely and coarsely granulated. 
 
 A cera taga Ilia. 
 
 CC. Elytra with distinct appendix. Idiocerus. 
 
 BB. Head narrower than pronotum. Bythoscopus. 
 
 AA. Anterior margin of pronotum distinctly produced beyond anterior 
 margin of the eyes ; vertex obtusely angulate. 
 
 B. Striations of pronotum oblique. Macropsis. 
 
 BB. Striations of pronotum transverse. Oncopsis. 
 
 (54)
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 55 
 
 Genus AGALLIOPSIS Kirk. 
 
 This genus is distinguished from related genera by the 
 characteristic elevated and irregularly curved posterior margin 
 of the vertex. This condition results from a similarly formed 
 vertex in the nymphs, in which, according to Osborn and Ball, 
 "the entire posterior margin of the vertex is elevated and car- 
 ried obliquely upward and forward before the eyes on the same 
 plane as the face, the upper carinate margin being shallowly 
 roundingly bilobed." 
 
 Only two species of this genus are found in the United States, 
 one of which occurs in Kansas. 
 
 Agalliopsis novella (Say). 
 
 (PI. 2, figs. 1-4.) 
 
 Jassus novellus Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, p. 309, 1831. 
 Macropsis nobilis Forbes, 14th Kept. 111. St. Ent., p. 22, 1884. 
 Agallia novellus Van D., Can. Ent., XXI, p. 8, 1889. 
 Idiocerus novellvs Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., Ill, p. 293, 1890. 
 Agallia novella Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., V, p. 196, 1894. 
 Agallia novella O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci., VII, p. 54, 1898. 
 Agallia novella DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 13, 1916. 
 Agallia novella Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 571, 1917. 
 Agattia novella Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 20, 1919. 
 
 Form: The body outline forms almost a perfect wedge. It is com- 
 paratively more slender than the members of the genus Agallia. Length, 
 about 3.75 mm. Vertex short, gradually lengthening toward eyes, with 
 distinct lobe caudad of mesal margin of eyes. Pronotum twice as wide 
 as long, anterior margin quite convex between lobes of vertex, posterior 
 margin slightly concave within same limits, lateral margins obsolete, 
 humeral margins long, longer than in Agallia constricta. Elytra very 
 long, extending far beyond tip of abdomen. 
 
 Color: There is a considerable range of variation in the color. Some 
 specimens, especially females, are often almost unicolorously light brown, 
 barely showing the four black spots near the margin of the vertex. 
 Others, usually males, have a much more variegated appearance, being 
 dark brown, with lighter markings along the margin of the vertex, sides 
 of the scutellum, the basal half and tip of the clavus. In such forms 
 the four black spots of the vertex are very prominent, as is the median 
 line of the pronotum with its dark black spot on either side. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment very long laterally 
 but only about half as long medially, due to a deep circular excision; 
 pygofers exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, valve about two-thirds as 
 long as wide, truncate behind; plates long and scarcely tapering except 
 near tip and forming the lid to a box formed by the very peculiar and 
 very characteristic pygofers. The last-mentioned organs alone are 
 enough to distinguish the males of this species.
 
 56 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles composed of two unequal pieces, the 
 larger ventrad of the smaller; connective inverted Y-shaped, with slender 
 rounding arms and stem broadened to connect with oedagus ; oedagus with 
 wedge-shaped base, to end of which is fastened U-shaped structure con- 
 sisting of a straight anterior arm and a curved posterior one. A pair of 
 slender pointed stylets arise near base of the U and run caudad along 
 either side of the curved arm of the U. In the side of each pygofer is 
 imbedded a curved chitinous bar, the ends of which on emerging turn 
 dorsad and end in a toothed, triangular, pointed style. At the base of 
 the anal tube lies a well developed horseshoe, the tips of which end in 
 upturned points in the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Cherokee, Riley, Douglas and Pottawatomie 
 counties are the only ones in which this species has yet been 
 taken. Presumably it occurs throughout the eastern portion of 
 the State. 
 
 Hosts: The records show that grasses and weeds in woods 
 or shaded places have yielded all our specimens. 
 
 Genus AGALLIA Curt. 
 
 This is group I of the genus Agallia of Osborn and Ball. It 
 differs from the preceding genus in not having the elevated 
 and irregularly curved posterior margin of the vertex, and 
 from the following genus in that the pronotum is finely granu- 
 lated instead of being coarsely punctured and transversely 
 striated. 
 
 Just two species of this genus occur in Kansas. These may 
 be distinguished by the following key. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Broader, stouter, male plates tapering regularly to acute tip, last 
 ventral segment of female with posterior margin usually elevated. 
 
 4-punctata. 
 
 A A. Narrower, more slender, male pTates distinctly constricted near the 
 middle, last ventral segment of female with posterior half distinctly 
 depressed. constricta. 
 
 Agallia 4-punctata (Prov.). 
 
 (PI. 2, figs. 5-6.) 
 Bythoscopus 4-punctala Prov., Nat. Can., IV, p. 376, 1872. 
 
 (Agallia flacida Uhl. MS) Van. D., Can. Ent., XXI, p. 9, 1889. 
 Agallia quadripunctata Van D., Ent. Am., V, p. 167, 1889. 
 
 Ulopa canadensis Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., XIX, p. 301, 1892. 
 
 Agallia 4-punctata G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 80, 1890. 
 
 Agallia 4-punctata O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 48, 1898. 
 
 Agallia 4-punctata DeLi., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent, Bui. 17, p. 12, 1916. 
 
 Agallia 4-punctata Van I)., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 572, 1917. 
 
 Agallia 4-punctata Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bill. 199, p. 21, 1919. 
 
 Form: This species is not only larger than the other species of the 
 Agallia group found in the state, but it is also proportionately more ro-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 57 
 
 bust, and hence is readily distinguished. Length, about 4 mm. Vertex 
 short, of about same length throughout. Pronotum more than twice as 
 broad as long, anterior margin broadly convex, posterior margin slightly 
 concave, humeral margins rounding to eye. There is a very distinct 
 bulge to the sides of the elytra that seems quite characteristic. 
 
 Color: Varies from yellowish brown to almost dark brown. Usually 
 quite uniformly colored, except for the two dark spots on vertex and pro- 
 notum. Males and females colored alike. More uniform in color than the 
 following species. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment three-fourths as 
 long as wide, tapering through posterior third, hind margin usually ele- 
 vated ; pygof ers broad, exceeded by ovipositor. Male, valve about twice as 
 broad as long, slightly produced medially; plates broad at base, tapering 
 evenly to acute tips. The straightness and evenness of the plates is 
 characteristic. Pygofers shorter than plates and almost hidden by the 
 latter. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles club-shaped, terminating in two short 
 lobes, the inner of which is sharply pointed; connective broad and well- 
 developed, consisting of a short caudally directed portion and a long part 
 directed cephalad to unite with the oedagus; oedagus consists of a broad 
 T-shaped portion from the base of which arises a very long slender proc- 
 ess extending caudad beyond the margin of the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Douglas, Riley, Labette and Pottawatomie 
 counties have furnished the Kansas specimens hitherto col- 
 lected. There are specimens from Kansas City, Mo., in the 
 Snow collection. The range of this species would seem to be 
 that of the preceding. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball give the following host plants: 
 Horse-radish, beet, Helianthus, Eupatorium. 
 
 Agallia 
 Agallia 
 Agallia 
 Agallia 
 Agallia 
 
 Agallia constricta Van D. 
 
 (PI. 2, figs. 7-10.) 
 
 onstricta Van D., Can. Ent., XXVI, p. 90, 1894. 
 onstricta O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, p. '52, 1898. 
 onstricta DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 13, 1916. 
 onstricta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 572, 1917. 
 onstricta Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 19, 1919. 
 
 Form: A good deal like preceding species but somewhat smaller, not 
 so robust, elytra longer and narrower. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. Vertex 
 slightly longer next the eyes than elsewhere, posterior margin slightly 
 elevated; pronotum twice as wide as long, anterior margin strongly con- 
 vex, posterior margin slightly concave, humeral margins distinctly de- 
 veloped at the expense of the practically obsolete lateral margins. 
 
 Color: Much the color of 4-punctata. The type shows a pair of large 
 black spots on vertex, and a pair on posterior half of pronctum. Vertex 
 with a median brown line extending the length of the pronotum and al-
 
 58 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 most entire length of scutellum. Posterior half of scutellum lighter 
 colored than the rest of the quite uniformly colored body. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about as long as 
 wide, posterior half depressed on either side of a median carinate line, 
 posterior margin obtusely rounded; pygofers wide and slightly exceeded 
 by ovipositor. Male, valve twice as broad as long, margins parallel ; plates 
 long and narrow, constricted near middle, making these organs very 
 characteristic; pygofers large, equalling or exceeding the plates. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles of same type as in 4-punctata only the 
 processes here are much longer; connective T-shaped, not as wide as in 
 4-punctata, and without the bend of the former; oedagus large, horn- 
 shaped, with small dorsal process at base and bifid at tip. 
 
 Distribution: This species, like the preceding, seems to be 
 found only in Eastern Kansas as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Our specimens were taken when sweeping grasses 
 and weeds, on alfalfa, and at electric lights. It seems to be 
 quite a general feeder occurring on a variety of food plants. 
 
 Genus ACERATAGALLIA Kirk. 
 
 This is the third group of Osborn and Ball. These forms 
 are readily separated from the other members of the Agcdlia 
 group by the coarsely punctured and transversely striated 
 pronotum. There are no round black spots on the pronotum, 
 which is either unicolorous or marked with dark bands. 
 
 The three members of this genus that occur in the State 
 may be separated by the following key: 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Spots on vertex large, usually dark, forms. sanguinolenta. 
 
 AA. Spots on vertex small, lighter forms. 
 
 B. Elytra greatly exceeding tip of abdomen. uhleri. 
 
 BB. Elytra scarcely exceeding tip of abdomen. cinerea.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHX/E. 59 
 
 Aceratagallia sanguinolenta (Prov.). 
 
 (PI. 3, figs. 5-8.) 
 
 Bythoscopus sanguinolentus Prov., Nat. Can., IV, p. 376, J.872. 
 Bythoscopus siccifolius Uhl., Bui. U. 8. Geol. Geog. Surv., I, p. 359, 1876. 
 Agallia siccifolius Van D., Can. Ent., XXI, p. 9, 1889. 
 AgaUia sanguinolenta Van D., Ent. Am., V, p. 166, 1889. 
 AgaUia sanguinolenta G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 81, 1895. 
 Agallia sanguinolenta O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 58, 1898. 
 Agallia sanguinolenta Gibs., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 737, 1916. 
 Agallia sanguinolenta DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent.', Bui. 17, p. 14, 1916. 
 Agallia sanguinolenta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 573, 1917. 
 Agallia sanguinolenta Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., XVIII, No. 6, p. 182, 1918. 
 AgaUia sanguinolenta Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 22, 1919. 
 
 Form: A short, broad and quite flattened species. Length about 3 
 mm. Vertex longer than in preceding members of Agallia group and 
 distinctly longer at middle than next to eyes. Pronotum twice wider 
 than long, transversely striated, especially on posterior two-thirds, with 
 anterior margin broadly rounded, posterior margin truncate or very 
 slightly concave, lateral margins very short, humeral margins straight. 
 Elytra broad, little longer than abdomen in female, considerably longer 
 in some males. 
 
 Color: Light grey, with markings varying from very light to very 
 dark. Vertex with two large black spots, broad median brown band and 
 brown lines next the eyes. Face with suture, six or seven pairs of 
 frontal arcs, and a median line on clypeus, brown. Pronotum with an 
 interrupted arc of six brown dashes parallel with anterior margin, and 
 with three longitudinal brown lines running caudad from the arc, the 
 median band with a light band in its middle. Elytra with a mottled 
 appearance, nervures brownish. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over twice as wide as 
 long, posterior margin sinuate, appearing to have two small lobes sepa- 
 rated by a median notch; pygofers broad and exceeded by the ovipositor. 
 Male, valve short, about six times as wide as long, truncate, lateral mar- 
 gins strongly narrowed posteriorly; plates broad, tapering to truncated 
 tips, bases appearing constricted because enclosed by pygofers whose 
 tips, thickly set with coarse hairs, slightly exceed tips of plates. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles composed of cephalic club-shaped por- 
 tion with the clubs bent mesad and a caudal flat part with the inner 
 margin strongly serrate for its entire length and the latero-caudal corner 
 drawn out into a long stout point, the points for attachment of con- 
 nective very prominent; connective with broad, rounded base, slightly 
 concave on anterior margin, and with well developed stem; oeda^us short 
 and stout, U-shaped, with arms short. Collar at base of anal tube 
 V-shaped with sides strongly divergent and appearing to be composed 
 of five segments. 
 
 Distribution: This species seems to be more widely dis- 
 tributed in the state than any other of the Agallia group. The
 
 60 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 records show it reaching further west than the others, as 
 shown by the following map: 
 
 Hosts: This is one of the species of economic importance 
 feeding especially on members of the Leguminoste. It is very 
 common on alfalfa and clover but may be often found in large 
 numbers on wheat, barley and rye, and also on wild grasses. 
 
 Aceratagallia uhleri (Van D.). 
 
 (PI. 3, figs. 1-4.) 
 
 Agallia uhleri Van D., Can. Ent., XXVI, p. 91, 1894. 
 AgaUia uhleri Gt. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 81, 1895. 
 Agallia uMeri O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 59, 1898. 
 Agallia uhleri Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 574, 1917. 
 
 Form: Not as broad and flat as sanguinolenta, elytra much longer. 
 Length, 3 to 3.25 mm. Vertex shorter than in sanguinolenta, very 
 slightly longer medially than next to the eyes. Pronotum with anterior 
 margin broadly rounded, posterior margin slightly concave, lateral mar- 
 gins long, reaching the eyes. 
 
 Color: The type shows the vertex bearing two black spots, smaller 
 than in sanguinolenta; pronotum shows two small, brown spots closer 
 together than spots of vertex, and about a fourth of the way back from 
 the anterior margin; scutellum with two large, black, triangular, basal 
 spots, the greater portion of which show up black through the pronotum; 
 elytra light gray with darker nervures, thin, showing nervures of hind 
 wings. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment broader than long, 
 slightly narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin appearing bilobed be- 
 cause of large median incision which reaches nearly half the distance to 
 the base; pygofers broad, slightly exceeded by ovipositor. Male, valve 
 about five times as wide as long, lateral margins fusing with posterior 
 margins to form a regular curve; plates short and stout, slightly tapering
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 
 
 61 
 
 and cupping to very broad truncate tips, base enclosed by pygofers, 
 which, slightly exceeding tip of plates, form a median keel. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles of same type as in sanguinolenta but 
 without latero-caudal corner drawn out; connective much as in sanguin- 
 olenta and yet differing in several details; cedagus with rather long arm 
 for attachment to connective and two arms forming a very shallow V, the 
 whole forming an irregular V with the base formed by the part attached 
 to the connective. 
 
 Distribution: This species seems to have a state-wide dis- 
 tribution, as shown by the following map : 
 
 CHEfEWN 
 
 E RAWLINS 
 
 DECATUS 
 
 NORTOK 
 
 PHILL 
 
 SrllTM 
 
 JEWELL 
 
 REPUP 
 
 WASH 
 
 HARSh 
 
 NEH. 
 
 BROr 
 
 "fn! 
 
 S 
 
 ) 
 
 | 
 
 SHERHA 
 
 N THOMAS 
 
 SHERl 
 
 GRAH 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSB 
 
 n TCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 D>CK f 
 nARlON 
 
 iCpQT 
 EARTK, 
 10RR15 
 
 CHASE 
 
 A 
 ~-^_ 
 
 Aft 
 
 A 
 
 WALLACI 
 
 LOGAN 
 
 GOVE 
 
 TRE60 
 
 ELLIS 
 
 RJS5 
 
 UNC 
 
 omwA 
 
 SHAW- 
 
 D^iT 
 
 JOHN 
 
 ELLSW 
 RICE 
 
 SAUNE 
 ri'PHER 
 
 OSA6 
 
 corrE 
 
 GRE.VT 
 
 rtiCM 
 
 scorr 
 
 LANE 
 
 NESS 
 
 RUSH 
 PAWNEE 
 
 BARTW 
 
 LYCH 
 
 FRANK 
 
 ANOtt 
 
 niAni 
 
 LINN 
 
 HAM 
 STAN 
 
 (CAR. 
 M,*T 
 
 HASKJ 
 
 FORD. 
 
 1 L_ 
 EOW. 
 
 KlOvVH 
 
 PlfATT 
 
 RENO* 
 KING* 
 
 i 
 
 S 
 
 HARVEY 
 EDGE 
 
 B^LER 
 
 GREEN 
 ELK 
 
 WOOD. 
 WILSON 
 
 ALLEN 
 NEOS 
 
 BOUR 
 CRW. 
 
 nORT 5 
 
 TLV 
 
 SEW 
 
 rlEAQ 
 
 CIAJ?K 
 
 COHAN. 
 
 BARSEf 
 
 MAI?R 
 
 SUHNER 
 
 COW. 
 
 
 nONT 
 
 LAB. 
 
 CHERO 
 
 Hosts: Definite host plants seem to be unknown. It is gen- 
 erally taken sweeping the prairie grasses. 
 
 Aceratagallia cinerea (0. & B.). 
 
 (PI. 2, figs. 11-13.) 
 
 Agallia cincerea O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 62, 1898. 
 Agallia sanguinolenta var. inr.onnpicua Bak., Psyche, VIII, p. 198, 1898. 
 Agallia cinerea Ball, Psyche, IX, p. 128, 1900. 
 
 Agallia cinerea Van D., Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., II, p. 52, 1914. 
 Agallia cinerea DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 14, 1916. 
 Agallia cinerea Van D., Cat. Hemip. If. A., p. 574, 1917. 
 Agallia cinerea Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 22, 1919. 
 
 Form: Smaller than the other species of the Agallia group, broad 
 and flattened. Vertex broad and as long as in any member of this group, 
 distinctly longer at middle than next the eyes. Pronotum more than 
 twice as wide as long, coarsely punctured, anterior margin broadly con- 
 vex, posterior margin slightly concave, humeral margin long, reaching 
 the eyes. Elytra a little longer than the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Generally uniformly light cinereous except for two small 
 black spots on vertex. Much lighter than uhleri, being the lightest 
 colored member of the Agallia group.
 
 62 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment a little less than 
 three times as long as broad, posterior margin slightly sinuate and with 
 a faint median notch; pygofers broad, barely exceeded by tip of oviposi- 
 tor. Male, valve about five times as wide as long, the posterior, and 
 lateral margins forming a regular curve ; plates not as broad proportion- 
 ately as in uhleri, tapering to somewhat truncate tips; pygofers enclosing 
 base of plates and slightly exceeding them, meeting in a median ridge. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles with broad basal club-shaped portion 
 much as in two preceding species, but terminal half sinuate and terminal 
 fourth broadly rounded and serrate medially, with caudo-lateral corner 
 drawn out into strong point much as in sanguinolenta. 
 
 Distribution: So far this species has been taken only in the 
 southeastern corner of the state, as shown by the following 
 map: 
 
 Hosts: The definite host is unknown, our specimens being 
 taken when sweeping in pastures. 
 
 Genus IDIOCERUS Lewis. 
 
 This genus contains rather large wedge-shaped insects which 
 taper gradually from the wide head backward. The vertex is 
 short, the margins parallel. The male antennas frequently end 
 in flattened discs. The elytra are long and narrow, usually 
 exceeding the abdomen, and have a very large appendix. All 
 of our forms live in trees, chiefly willow, cottonwood, and 
 Cratsegus. 
 
 Eight species of this genus have been taken in the state, but 
 four other species likely occur in our fauna and are therefore 
 included in the key.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^:. 63 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES.* 
 
 A. Vertex with two round black spots. 
 
 B. Spots on vertex large, scarcely more than their own diameter 
 from the eyes. 
 
 C. Without black spots on pronotum and scutellum. 
 
 'D. Clavus unicolorous. fitchi. 
 
 DD. Basal half of clavus bright yellow. 
 
 provancheri. 
 CC. With black spots on pronotum and scutellum. 
 
 crat&gi. 
 
 BB. Spots on vertex small, two or more times their own diameter 
 from the eyes. 
 
 C. Nervures of elytra not distinctly alternating in color; 
 outer anteapical cell, if present, triangular. 
 D. Green forms, dark line along sutural margin of 
 
 elytra. snowi. 
 
 DD. Brown forms, without dark lines on sutural margin 
 
 of elytra. ramentosus. 
 
 CC: Nervures of elytra usually alternately light and dark, 
 outer anteapical cell long and narrow. 
 D. Cross nervure between first and second sectors 
 
 broadly white. moniliferx. 
 
 DD. Cross nervure between first and second sectors not 
 broadly white. 
 
 E. Species larger, 5 mm. or over, darker; male 
 antennae with moderate discs on longer fila- 
 ments, altematus. 
 EE. Species smaller, 4.5 mm. or less, lighter; male 
 antennae with very large discs on very short 
 filaments. verticis. 
 AA. Vertex without round black spots. 
 
 B. With dark band on sutural margin of elytra. suturalis. 
 BB. Without dark band on sutural margin of elytra. 
 C. Size large, over 5 mm. long. 
 
 D. Outer anteapical cell present, male antennal discs 
 
 large. pallidus. 
 
 DD. Outer anteapical cell absent, male antennal discs 
 
 very small. duzeei. 
 
 CC. Size smaller, less than 5 mm. long, elytra hyaline, show- 
 ing dark nervures of the wings. nervatus. 
 
 Idiocerus fitchi Van D. 
 
 Idiocerus fitchi Van D., Can. Ent., xli, p. 383, 1909 (n. n. for maculipennis Fh.). 
 
 Idiocerus maculipennis Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 59, 1851. 
 
 Bythoscopus maculipennis Walk., List Homop., IV., p. 1161, 1852. 
 
 Idiocerus maculipennis Van D., Psyche, V, p. 388, 1890. 
 
 Idiocerus maculipennis O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, pp. 73, 127, 1898. 
 
 Idiocerus maculipennis Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 507, 1905. 
 
 Idiocerus fitchi Britt. & Saund., Can. Ent.. xlix, p. 149, pi. IX, 1917. 
 
 Idiocerus maculipennis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 580, 1917. 
 
 Idiocerus maculipennis Nic., Ent. News, XXX, p. 277, 1919. 
 
 * Adapted from Osborn and Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 125, 1898.
 
 64 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 This species has not yet been reported from the state, but likely occurs 
 here. It is a chestnut brown species with two large, black spots on the 
 vertex, the costal margin of the distal half of the wings has two large, 
 dark-brown spots which are separated by a large hyaline band. Length, 
 5.25 to 5.75 mm. Ball records it as abundant on hawthorn and crabapple. 
 
 Idiocerus provancheri Van D. 
 
 Idiocerus proeancheri Van D., Can. Ent., xxiii, p. HI, 1890. (n. n. for clitellarhis 
 Prov.) 
 
 Bythoscopus clitellarivs Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., iii, p. 288, 1890. 
 Idiocerus provancheri Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., I, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 Idiocerus provancheri O. & B., 1'roc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 127, 1898. 
 Idiocerus provancheri Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 77, 1916. 
 Idiocerus provancheri Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 580, 1917. 
 
 This is another of the forms which, though not yet reported from 
 Kansas, likely occur here. The females are fulvous brown, the males 
 darker, but both are readily recognized by having broad, yellow stripes 
 on the base of the clavus. Length, 5 to 5.3 mm. Occurs on Cratasgus. 
 
 Idiocerus cratasgi Van D. 
 
 Idiocerus crateegi Van D., Can. Ent., XXII, p. 110, 1890. 
 Idiocerus crateegi O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 128, 1898. 
 Idiocerus crateegi Osh., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 507, 1905. 
 Idiocerus crateegi Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 580, 1917. 
 
 This species will likely be found in the state sooner or later, though 
 it has not yet been taken here. It is slightly smaller than the preceding 
 species, olive drab in color, and at once recognized by the two rows of 
 black spots on the vertex, prothorax and scutellum. Length, 4.75 to 5.25 
 mm. Feeds on Crataegus 
 
 Idiocerus snowi G. & B. 
 
 (PI. 3, figs. 9-11.) 
 
 Idiocerus snowi G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 79, 1895. 
 Idiocerus snowi O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 129, 1898. 
 Idiocerus snowi Van D., Cat. Hemip N. A., p. 579, 1917. 
 
 Form: Larger and usually more slender than preceding species. 
 Length, 5.25 to 5.75 mm. 
 
 Color: Pale green except for two small, black spots on vertex, a dark 
 band on sutural margin of elytra from tip of scutellum to tip of clavus. 
 Elytra hyaline and with tips often somewhat dusky or brownish. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment less than three times 
 as wide as long, lateral margins short, broadly curving with posterior 
 margin to point of greatest length of the segment on either side of the 
 broad but shallow median notch. Pygofers large, but exceeded by the 
 ovipositor for more than a third of their length. Male, last ventral seg- 
 ment short except on median line, posterior margin sinuate with a 
 large, obtusely pointed, median tooth; plates rather slender, somewhat 
 exceeding the pygofers. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles large, basal portion slender and 
 straighter, distal portion stout and broadly curved; connective broad,
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 
 
 65 
 
 corners attached to styles prominent, bearing a large ventral * process, 
 slightly concave at the end where it attaches to the eedagus; oedagus 
 composed of a dorsal shorter heavy process for attachment, and a longer 
 ventral process terminating in a sharp point, and bearing, at about its 
 distal third, a pair of diverging anteriorly directed processes, giving 
 this process an arrow-head appearance. Around the base of the anal 
 tube is a heavy-set U-shaped collar with the arms of the U slightly di- 
 verging. 
 
 Distribution: This species likely occurs throughout the 
 state, for specimens have been taken in the extreme western 
 and eastern portions, as shown by the following map: 
 
 Idioceriis ramentosus (Uhl.). 
 
 Bythoscopus ramentosus Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., Ill, p. 465. 1877. 
 
 (Idiocerus inscriptus Uhl. MS.) in collections. 
 
 Idiocerus ramentosus Van D., Psyche, V, p. 389, 1890. 
 
 Idiocerus verticis Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., Ill, p. 292, 1890. 
 
 Idiocerus mimicus G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 76, 1895. 
 
 Idiocerus ramentosus G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 79, 1895. 
 
 Idiocerus brunneus O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, pp. 72, 129, 1898. 
 
 Idiocerus ramentosus O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, p. 137, 1898. 
 
 Idiocerus ramentosus Gibs., Can. Ent., XLIX, p. 75, 1917. 
 
 Idiocerus ramentosus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 579, 1917. 
 
 This is another species which though not yet reported, will likely be 
 found in Kansas. 
 
 It is a rather broad form, of a cinnamon-brown color, and having two 
 small, black spots on the vertex. Length, 5.5 mm. It is a willow-feeding 
 species. 
 
 Idiocerus moniliferse 0. &. B. 
 
 Idiocerus moniliferce O. & B.. Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, pp. 71, 131, 1898. 
 Idiocerus momliferce Tuck., Kan. Univ. Sci. Bui., IV, p. 65, 1907. 
 Idiocerus moniliferce Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 578, 1917. 
 
 Form: Rather broad and somewhat flattened. Length, 5.5 mm. 
 Color: Brownish species. Vertex and pronotum rather irregularly 
 
 5 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 66 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 marked 'with dark-brown, scutellum with large, dark, triangular basal 
 marks, and light -brown median band between the two, and two similar 
 light-brown bands on posterior portion. Face with dark band above 
 ocelli, and other irregular markings. Elytra hyaline, with nervures al- 
 ternately light and dark, and differing from altematus and verticis by 
 having the cross nervure between the sectors broadly white. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment medially produced 
 posteriorly and slightly notched; pygofers broad and long, only slightly 
 exceeded by tip of ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment with very short 
 lateral margins, posterior margin greatly produced posteriorly, forming a 
 very large obtusely-pointed median projection; plates short and stout, 
 exceeded by tips of pygofers; antennae without discs. 
 
 Distribution: Douglas, Riley, and Wallace counties are the 
 only ones in which specimens have been taken. 
 Host: Cottonwood. 
 
 Idiocerus altematus Fh. 
 
 Idiocerus altematus Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 59, 1851 
 Bythoscopus altematus Walk., List Homop., Ill, p. 876, 1851. 
 Idiocerus interruptus Q. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 74, 1895. 
 Itliorerwi alternates O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., VII, pp. 70, 131, 1893. 
 Idiocerus altematus Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 506, 1905. 
 Idiocerus alternates Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 93, 1915. 
 Idiocerus alternatus DeL. Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 10, 1916. 
 Idiocerus altematus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 577, 1917. 
 Idiocerus alternatvs Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 18, 1939. 
 
 Form: Smaller and not as robust as preceding species. Length, 5 to 
 5.25 mm. 
 
 Color: Brownish species, much as in preceding species. Vertex with 
 two small, black spots. Broad median white band on pronotum and ex- 
 tending on to vertex. Elytra with nervures alternately light and dark, 
 a distinct broad light band across the tips of the outer claval nervures 
 and a smaller one at the tip of the clavus; cross nervure between the 
 sectors dark. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment short, posterior mar- 
 gins truncate or slightly sinuate, with faint median notch, lateral mar- 
 gins strongly narrowed posteriorly; pygofers broad and long, but ex- 
 ceeded by the ovipositor for a third their length. Male, ventral segment 
 very short except for two large lateral lobes which are separated by a 
 wide and deep median incision in which is a very small median lobe; 
 plates, slightly exceeded by the long pygofers; antennal discs nearly 
 circular. 
 
 Distribution: So far, we have records of the collection of this 
 species from four northern counties, namely : Douglas, Riley, 
 Decatur and Rawlins. 
 
 Hosts: Willows.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLIDJE. 
 
 67 
 
 Idiocerus verticis (Say). 
 
 (PI. 4, figs. 4-6.) 
 
 Jaxsus verticis Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., VI, p. 308, 1831; Compl. Writ., ii, 
 383. 
 
 Bytltoscop * verticis Uhl., Bui. U S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 465, 1877. 
 ertiria Van D., Psyche, v, p. 389, 1890. 
 erticis 0. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 80, 1895. 
 erticis O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 132, 1898. 
 erticis Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 507, 1905. 
 rus vertices DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 11, 1916. 
 
 Idioc 
 Idioc 
 Idioc 
 Idioc 
 Idioc 
 Idioc 
 
 rvs verticis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 577, 1917. 
 
 Form: The smallest member of the genus in Kansas. Length, 4.25 to 
 4.5 mm. 
 
 Color: Pale brownish to nearly white. Pair of small, black spots on 
 vertex. Pronotum with light-brown markings on disc. Scutellum with 
 basal angles black or brown. Brown nervures of elytra usually inter- 
 rupted with white, dark specimens showing light spot across middle of 
 clavus. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment much as in alter- 
 natus, short, posterior margin usually slightly sinuate on either side of 
 the slightly produced and faintly notched median portion, lateral margins 
 strongly narrowed posteriorly; pygofers exceeded by the ovipositor by 
 about one-third their length. Male, last ventral segment as in altematus, 
 with long lateral lobes, large median incision with small median lobe, 
 median incision sometimes not as deep as in alternatus; plates, long and 
 slender, equalling the long pygofers; antenna? very short and with very 
 large discs. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles smaller than in snowi, basal part more 
 slender; connective with three basal processes, as in snowi, but upper 
 portion narrow, only half as wide; oedagus Y-shaped, with distinct base 
 and slender upper arm, lower arm simple, without the arrowhead ap- 
 pearance as in snowi; collar around base of anal tube slender and open 
 slightly at tip, forming almost a complete circle. 
 
 Distribution: A species seemingly occurring over the state, 
 as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Willows.
 
 68 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Idiocerus suturalis Fh. 
 
 Idiocerus uturalis Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 59, 1851. 
 
 Bythoscopus suturalis Walk., List. Homop., iv, p. 1162, 1852. 
 
 Idiocerus suturalis Vun D., Can Ent , xxi, p. 8, 1899. 
 
 Idiocerus suturalis Van D., Psyche, v, p. 388, 1890. 
 
 Idiocerus suturalis G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 80, 1895. 
 
 Idiocerug suturalis O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 134, 1898. 
 
 Idiocerus suturalis Ball, Can. Ent., xxxiv, p. 311, 1902. 
 
 Idiocerus suturalis Osb., 20th Kept, N. Y. St. Ent., p. 506, 1905. 
 
 Idiocerus suturalis Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 95, 1915. 
 
 Idiocerus suturalis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 576, 1917. 
 
 Form: Larger than preceding species. Length, 5 to 5.75 mm. 
 
 Color: Light yellow, with pronotum and scutellum frequently marked 
 in places with light brown, the basal angles of the latter sometimes with 
 black triangles; elytra with sutural margins broadly marked with brown 
 band which narrows to tip of clavus and then expands on membrane into 
 a smoky area. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment with lateral mar- 
 gins about half as long as median length, due to a broad median lobe; 
 pygofers broad and long, exceeded by ovipositor by about one-fifth their 
 length. Male, last ventral segment very narrow, median incision broad 
 and with a broad, short, triangular process; plates long and narrow, ex- 
 ceeding the short pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Hitherto taken only in Douglas and Logan 
 counties. 
 
 Hosts: Willows seem to be the ordinary host. Van Duzee 
 reports taking specimens from poplar and birch, also. 
 
 Idiocerus pallidus Fh. 
 
 (PI. 4, figs. 1-3.) 
 
 Idiocerus pallidus Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 59, 1851. 
 Bythoscopus obsoletus Walk., List. Homop., iii, p. 873, 1851. 
 Bythoscopus pallidus Walk., List Homop., iv, p. 1162. 1852. 
 Idiocerus pallidus Van D., Can. Ent,, xxi, p. 8, 1889. 
 Idiocerus unicolor Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 Idiocerus pallidus Q. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 76, 1895. 
 Idiocerus pallidus O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 135, 1898. 
 Idiocerus pallidus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 93, 1915. 
 Idiocerus pallidus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 11, 1916. 
 Idiocerus pallidus Gibs., Can. Ent., xlix, p. 75, 1917. 
 Idiocerus pallidus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 575, 1917. 
 Idiocerus pallidus Fent,, Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 182, 1918. 
 
 Form : This and the following species are the largest members of this 
 genus known to occur in the state. Broad. Length, 6 to 6.5 mm. Dis- 
 tinguished from duzeei by usually having long, triangular, outer ante- 
 apical cell. 
 
 Color: Our specimens are almost uniformly pale green with the eyes 
 reddish-brown. Elytra are frequently iridescent but not fuscous-tipped 
 as in duzeei.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^. 69 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about one-fourth as 
 long as wide laterally, but nearly one-half as long as wide medially, due 
 to large rounded median lobe on posterior margin; pygofers exceeded by 
 ovipositor for about one-third their length. Male, last ventral segment 
 narrow, the tip of triangle, in the wide median incision, reaching pos- 
 teriorly to point in line with lateral lobes; plates very long and narrow, 
 frequently greatly exceeding the short pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles large with basal portion much larger 
 proportionally than in verticis; connective of same type as in verticis but 
 with dorsal portion wider, though not as wide as in snowi, and with end 
 fastened to cedagus much more deeply emarginated than in the latter; 
 oedagus without basal portion as in verticis, dorsal arm very heavy and 
 with heavy ventral portion provided with retrorse lateral processes 
 which, however, are nearer the apex than in snowi, giving the arrowhead 
 appearance; antennae with moderately large oblong discs. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Harvey, Harper, Riley, Pottawato- 
 mie, and Wyandotte counties. 
 
 Hosts: Willows. Doctor Osborn gives poplar as a host, too. 
 Crevecreur records sweeping specimens from weeds in a 
 pasture. 
 
 Idiocerus duzeei Prov. 
 
 erus duzeei Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., iii, p. 292, 1890. 
 erus perplexus G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 78, 1895. 
 erus perplexus Bak., Ent. News, viii, p. 54, 1897. 
 
 Idio 
 Idio 
 
 erus duzeei O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 136, 
 erus duzeei Bak., Can. Ent.. xxxii, p. 207, 1900. 
 
 Idiocerus perplexus Tuck, Univ. Kan. Sci. Bui., iv, p. 65, 1907. 
 Idiocerus perplexus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 95, 1915. 
 Idiocerus perplexus Van D., Cat. H'emip. N. A., p. 577, 1917. 
 
 Form: Slightly larger than pallidus. Elytra longer, broad, rarely 
 having outer anteapical cell. Length, 6 to 7 mm. 
 
 Color: Yellowish-green, pronotum greenish, scutellum and elytra gol- 
 den-yellow, latter becoming smoky at tip in female and darker still in 
 male. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment longer laterally than 
 in pallidus, and therefore having a less prominent lobe medially on the 
 posterior margin; pygofers broad and long, slightly exceeded by ovi- 
 positor. Male, last ventral segment much as in pallidus but with median 
 triangular lobe not quite as long; valves long and narrow, greatly ex- 
 ceeding the short pygofers; antennal disc more slender than in pallidus. 
 
 Distribution: Taken only in Pottawatomie and Riley coun- 
 ties. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball give cottonwood as the host of this 
 species.
 
 70 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Idiocerus nervatus Van D. 
 
 (PI. 4, figs 7-9.) 
 
 Idiocerus nervatus Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., v, pp. 1T4, 205, 1894. 
 Idiocerus nervatus G. & B., Heniip. Colo., p. 76, 1895. 
 
 Idiocerus nervatu 
 Idiocerus nervatu 
 Idiocerus nervatu 
 Idiocerus nervatu 
 Idiocerus nervati 
 
 O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Nat. Sci., vii, p. 137, 18! 
 Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 506, 1905. 
 DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 11, 1916. 
 Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 575, 1917. 
 Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 18, 1919. 
 
 Form: Next to verticis the smallest member of the genus found in 
 the state. A small, stout species with long elytra. Length, 4.5 to 
 4.75 mm. 
 
 Color: Quite uniformly greenish to yellowish in color. Elytra quite 
 hyaline, showing clearly the dark nervures of the under wings. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment little over twice as 
 broad as long, lateral margins rounding, posterior margins truncate or 
 slightly sinuate to two very small median lobes, separated by suggestion 
 of a median notch ; ovipositor exceeding pygof ers by nearly one-third their 
 length. Male, last ventral segment short, very wide median excision 
 bearing distinct, acutely pointed lobe; valves long and narrow, but not 
 exceeding the long pygof ers ; male antennal disc small and nearly circular. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles with very small basal portion, even 
 smaller than in verticis; connective of same type as in verticis except 
 that dorsal portion is more slender; cedagus like that of verticis except 
 for the small pair of retrorse processes near the tip. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Crawford, Douglas, Riley and 
 Ottawa counties. 
 Hosts: Willows. 
 
 Genus BYTHOSCOPUS Germ. 
 
 To this genus belong short, stout species, with the head nar- 
 rower than the prothorax, the anterior margin of which is not 
 produced beyond the anterior margin of the eyes. The vertex 
 is short, often with the margins nearly parallel, but frequently 
 much longer on the median line than next the eyes. The pro- 
 notum is large, with very distinct, parallel, transverse stria- 
 tions. The elytra are subcoriaceous, short, deeply punctured, 
 and with the punctures bearing short hairs. 
 
 Only one species of this genus has been recorded from Kan- 
 sas, but it is probable that the following two occur. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Size 5.75 mm. or over, more slender forms. laetus. 
 
 AA. Size 5 mm. or less, short, broad forms. apicalis.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHXE. 71 
 
 Bythoscopus l&tus (Uhl.). 
 
 Pachyopsis Icetus Uhl, Bui. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 466, 1877. 
 Macropsis Itetus Ball, Ohio Nat., iii, p. 397, 1903. 
 Bythoscopus Icetus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 589, 1917. 
 
 This large green species has not yet been taken in Kansas. Its host 
 plant, Rhus aromatica, occurs here as well as on the plains of Colorado, 
 where it has been taken. Its pink variety, psetus Ball, reported by Ball 
 to occur on the fruit clusters of the plant, should also be found here. 
 Length, 5.75 to 7 mm. 
 
 Bythoscopus apicalis (0. & B.). 
 
 PI. 5, figs. 1-4.) 
 
 Macropsis apicalis 0. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 64, 1898. 
 Macropsis alabamensis Bak., Psyche, ix, p. 58, 1900. 
 Macropsis apicalis Ball, Psyche, ix, p. 129, 1900. 
 Macropsis apicalis DeL., Term. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 9, 1916. 
 Bythoscopus apicalis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 589, 1917. 
 
 Form: Short and broad. Vertex very short and narrow. Pronotum 
 distinctly striated transversely, much broader than head, lateral margins 
 long and widening posteriorly, humeral margins about as long as lateral 
 margins, posterior margin broadly and slightly concave. Elytra appear- 
 ing broad and short but exceeding abdomen, appendix large and glabrous, 
 but rest of elytra deeply punctate with each puncture bearing a prom- 
 inent hair. 
 
 Color: Uniformly bright green, except for small black spots on apex 
 of elytra. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment a little over twice as 
 long as broad, posterior angles prominent, with posterior margin sinuate 
 to slightly produced broad median lobes which have a shallow notch 
 between them; pygofers long, barely exceeded by tip of ovipositor or 
 equalling or even exceeding ovipositor. Male, valve very large, prom- 
 inently elevated on median line, as long as broad, posterior margin 
 broadly convex. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: The plates are completely covered by the 
 valve and are therefore here described with the internal organs. They 
 are over twice as long as wide, having the outer anterior angle produced 
 to connect with the styles and also having the inner posterior angles 
 greatly produced and pointed, outer posterior angle large and broadly 
 rounded, making the plate the broadest at this point. They are peculiar 
 also in their position, standing almost vertically instead of being in the 
 ordinary horizontal position. Styles are long and slender and somewhat 
 curved, arising from the top or really the anterior end of the plates. 
 The connective here seems to be composed of a U-shaped piece attached 
 to the top of the plates. This piece has a small anterior lobe to which 
 are fastened a pair of long chitinous organs, widest near the middle, and 
 tapering to ends, one anteriorly curved and the other posteriorly. These 
 organs look much like styles but judging from their vertical position and 
 their relation to the other parts, I would conclude they are parts of a very
 
 72 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 characteristic connective rather than a second pair of styles. To a 
 point near the middle of these latter organs is fastened the oedagus, con- 
 sisting of a large, triangular dorsal piece, when viewed laterally, from 
 the base of which there extends caudad the lower portion of the oadagus, 
 which consists of two slender processes very much shorter than the 
 styles. In the sides of the pygofers are imbedded two long chitinous or- 
 gans as illustrated. 
 
 Distribution: Douglas county is the only place within the 
 state where this species has been taken. There are specimens 
 in the Snow collection from Kansas City, Mo. It should occur 
 wherever its host is found. 
 
 Hosts: Seemingly confined to honey locust. 
 
 Genus MACROPSIS Lewis. 
 
 In this genus the vertex forms only a narrow margin to the 
 pronotum, the head being almost entirely deflexed. It is as 
 wide as the short and broad pronotum, the anterior margin of 
 which is distinctly produced beyond the anterior margin of the 
 eyes. The lateral margins of the pronotum are short, the pos- 
 terior margin broadly or angularly concave, and its surface is 
 distinctly and obliquely striated. The scutellum is broadly 
 triangular and with a transverse depression before the apex. 
 Elytra are thin and rather long. 
 
 Seven species of this genus likely occur in Kansas, five of 
 which have been taken here. These may be separated by the 
 following key : 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES * 
 
 A. General color above fuscous or rusty brown. 
 
 B. Face marked with fuscous. tristis. 
 
 BB. Face unicolorous. trimaculata. 
 
 AA. General color, orange or green. 
 
 B. Elytra brownish or with dark brown median stripe. 
 
 C. Pronotum green, elytra with broad median band. 
 
 suturalis. 
 
 CC. Pronotum yellow, elytra brownish. crocea. 
 
 BB. Elytra greenish or slightly fuscous in male. 
 
 C. Larger species, vertex pointed, propleurae of both sexes 
 
 marked with black spots. ei~ythrocephala. 
 
 CC. Smaller species, vertex more obtusely angled, propleurae 
 of female unmarked. 
 
 D. Females 5 to 6 mm. long, males with spots on pro- 
 pleurae, viridis. 
 DD. Females less than 5 mm. long, males with pro- 
 pleurae unmarked. gleditschise. 
 
 * Adapted from Osborn & Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sri., vii, p. 114, 1898.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLIDvE. 73 
 
 Macropsis tristis (Van D.). 
 
 Pediopsis tristis Van D., Can. Ent., xxii, p. 249, 1890. 
 Pediopsis tristis Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 Pediopsis tristis O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, pp. 66, 115, 1898. 
 Pediopsis tristis Ball, Ohio Nat., iii, p. 398, 1903. 
 Macropsia tristis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 585, 1917. 
 
 This species very likely occurs in Kansas. It is a grayish-brown form 
 with face marked with a black band above and large spot below the 
 ocelli. Striations of pronotum very distinct. Scutellum with dark tri- 
 angular spots on basal angles. Elytra with light nervures, heavily 
 fuscous-margined, making them very distinct and characteristic. Length, 
 4.75 to 5.5 mm. 
 
 Hosts: Dr. Ball gives wild plum as the host of this form. 
 
 Macropsis trimaculata (Fh.). 
 
 Pediopsis trimaculatus Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 60, 1851. 
 
 Bythoscopus trimaculatus Walk., List Homop., iv, p. 1162, 1852. 
 
 Pediopsis insignia Van D., Ent. Am., v, p. 171, 1889. 
 
 Pediopsis insignia Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 
 Pediopsis trimaculata O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 116, 1898. 
 
 Pediopsis trimaculata Ball, Ohio Nat., iii, p. 398, 1903. 
 
 Pediopsis trimaculata Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 504, 1905. 
 
 Pediopsis trimaculata Van D., Can. Ent., xli, p. 383, 1909. 
 
 Pediopsis trimaculata Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 91, 1915. 
 
 Macropsis trimaculata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 584, 1917. 
 
 Form: Smaller than preceding species. Length, 4 to 4.5 mm. Vertex 
 and pronotum obtusely angled, latter distinctly striated and with pos- 
 terior margin broadly and rather deeply concave. 
 
 Color: Yellowish-brown to dark brown, face unicolorous. Scutellum 
 with triangular dark spot in each basal angle. Elytra with three white 
 spots in a row on each elytron, the anterior one frequently wanting. Pro- 
 pleura with dark spot in both sexes. Differs from tristis in having face 
 unmarked. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about twice as broad 
 as long, lateral margins greatly narrowed posteriorly, reducing posterior 
 margin to less than one-half width of anterior margin, posterior margin 
 broadly incised between the distinct lateral angles; pygofers long and 
 narrow, exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment about 
 twice as broad as long, posterior margin slightly emarginate medially; 
 plates long and narrow, somewhat flattened, much exceeding the pygof- 
 ers; broad and short, widest near the tip and ending truncately. 
 
 Distribution: Pottawatomie county is the only place in the 
 state where this species has yet been taken. 
 
 Hosts: Occurs with the preceding form on wild plum.
 
 74 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Macropsis suturalis (O. & B.). 
 
 PedioptriH suturalis O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, pp. 67, 119, 1898. 
 Pediopsis suturalis Wirtn., Ann. Cam. Mus., iii, p. 217, 1904. 
 Pediopsis suturalis Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 92, 1915. 
 Macropsis suturalis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 583, 1917. 
 
 Form: A large species. Length, 6 mm. Vertex and pronotum obtusely 
 angled, the latter with the striations not as distinct as in preceding 
 species. Elytra long and slender. 
 
 Color: Green all over except for dark brown lines starting on pronotum 
 behind the eyes, including all the clavus, extending beyond clavus at 
 about their distal half and continuing, as a narrow stripe, to tip of 
 elytra. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment as in trimaculata 
 but proportionately larger; pygofers very long and narrow, slightly ex- 
 ceeded by tip of ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment broad, slightly 
 emarginate posteriorly; plates long and narrow, much exceeding the 
 short but broad pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Ottawa and Pottawatomie counties. 
 Hosts: Occurs in both counties on Salix amygdaloides. 
 Macropsis crocea (0. & B.). 
 
 Pediopsis crocea O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, pp. 68, 120, 1898. 
 Macropsis crocea Van D., Oat. Hemip. N. A., p. 583, 1917. 
 
 Form: Stout. Length, 4 to 5.5 mm. Vertex and pronotum obtusely 
 angled. Pronotum coarsely striated, posterior margin deeply concave, 
 almost parallel with anterior margin. Elytra long and usually somewhat 
 spread apart at tip. 
 
 Color: Yellow, but with elytra, especially clavus, clouded with brown. 
 
 External genitalia,: Female, last ventral segment characteristic of the 
 genus; pygofers long and narrow, exceeded by ovipositor. Male, last 
 ventral segment over twice as broad as long; valve appearing to be short 
 and triangular; plates long, narrow and flattened, exceeding the short, 
 broad and truncate pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: This form has not yet been reported from 
 Kansas. 
 
 Hosts: The types were taken on honey locust. 
 
 Macropsis erythrocephala (G. & B.). 
 
 Pediopsis erythrocephala G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 72, 1895. 
 
 Pediopsis erythrocephala O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 120, 1898. 
 
 Pediopsis erythrocephala Ball, Ohio Nat., iii, p. 398, 1903. 
 
 Pediopsis erythrocephala Tuck., Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui., iv, p. 65, 1907. 
 
 Macropsis erythrocephalus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 583, 1917. 
 
 Form: A large, stout species, larger than other green species of this 
 genus. Length, 5 to 5.75 mm. Vertex and pronotum more acutely pointed 
 than in most members of the genus. Striations of pronotum distinct, but 
 rather fine.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 75 
 
 Color: Green, varying to reddish-orange on face, pronotum, and 
 scutellum of female. Male, greenish brown, with dark-brown spots 
 laterally near anterior margin of pronotum and on basal angles of the 
 scutellum. Propleurae with large black spots in both sexes. 
 
 Genitalia: Characteristic of the genus. 
 
 Distribution: Gray and Pottawatomie counties have so far 
 yielded specimens of this species. 
 
 Hosts: Salix fluviatilis seems to be the willow on which it 
 occurs. 
 
 Macropsis viridis (Fh.). 
 
 (PI. 5, figs. 7-9.) 
 
 Pediopsis viridis Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 59, 1851. 
 Bythoscopus viridis Walk., List Homop., iv, p. 1162, 1852. 
 Pediopsis viridis Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 467, 1877. 
 Pediopsis viridis Van. D., Can. Ent., xxi, p. 9, 1889. 
 Pediopsis viridis Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 Pediopsis viridis G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 73, 1895. 
 Pediopsis viridis O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 121, 1898. 
 Pediopsis viridis Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 504, 1915. 
 Pediopsis viridis Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 89. 1915. 
 Pediopsis viridis DeL. Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 16, 1916. 
 Macropsis viridis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 582, 1917. 
 Macropsis viridis Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 24, 1919. 
 
 Form: Medium sized, smaller than erythrocephala, larger than gledits- 
 chise. Length, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. Species with vertex and pronotum ob- 
 tusely angled, the latter distinctly striated. 
 
 Color: Female green, with tips of elytra slightly fuscous; males green, 
 but tinged with fuscous, elytra brownish practically all over. Males with 
 black spot on propleurae, thus differing from gleditschise. 
 
 External genitalia: Characteristic of the genus, with a very strong 
 chitinous band bounding the posterior margin of the pygofers and ex- 
 tending dorsad in a prominent spine. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles very long, with a distinct bend pos- 
 terior to point of attachment with connective, terminal portion broadly 
 curved and with sides about parallel clear to the tip, except for slight 
 bulge about midway; connective large and stout, Y-shaped when viewed 
 dorsally, with base of Y very heavy and with a dorsal terminal process; 
 cedagus with distinct basal portion from which there extends dorsad a 
 strong process and a longer, posteriorly tapering but dorsally curved por- 
 tion. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas, Pottawatomie and Ottawa 
 counties. 
 
 Hosts: Willow.
 
 76 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Macropsis gleditschix (O. & B.). 
 
 I'ediopsis gleditschice O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, pp. 67, 122, 1898. 
 Pediopsis gledttschice Wirtn., Ann. Cam. Mus., iii, p. 218, 1904. 
 Pediopsis gleditschite DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 16, 1916. 
 Macropsis gleditschice Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 581, 1917. 
 
 Form: Smaller than viridis. Pronotum obtusely angled and with very 
 distinct striations. 
 
 Color: Deeper green than viridis. Males slightly fuscous and in both 
 cases the subhyaline elytra slightly brownish. Differs from other green 
 forms in lacking the black spot on the propleurae in both sexes. 
 
 External genitalia: Characteristic of the genus. 
 
 Distribution: Found so far only in Hamilton county, but 
 likely occurs in eastern portions of the state as well, for speci- 
 mens have been taken at Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Hosts: Honey locust. 
 
 Genus ONCOPSIS Burm. 
 
 Like Macropsis, the members of this genus have the pro- 
 notum angularly produced beyond the anterior margin of the 
 eyes, but the pronotum differs in being rather more reticulate 
 than striate and with the reticulations running more trans- 
 versely than obliquely. The pronotum is short and deeply con- 
 cave posteriorly, with the lateral margins very short. 
 
 A single species of this genus has been taken in Kansas. 
 
 Oncopsis distinctus (Van D.). 
 
 (PI. 5, figs. 5-6.) 
 
 Bythoscopus distinctus Van D., Ent. Am., vi, 224, 1890. 
 Bythoscopus distinctus O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sri., vii, p. 65, 1898. 
 Bythoscopus distinctus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 504, 1905. 
 Bythoscopus distinctus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 15, 1916. 
 Oncopsis distinctus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 588, 1917. 
 Oncopsis distinctus Weiss, Ent. News, xxix, p. 310, 1918. 
 
 Form: A short robust species. Length, 4 to 4.5 mm. Vertex very 
 short, posterior margin raised up from pronotum which is not as sharply 
 angled as in Macropsis. Pronotum very deeply reticulate and scutellum 
 somewhat less so. Elytra greatly exceeding abdomen and characterized 
 by having only two anteapical cells and four apical cells. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum and scutellum usually greenish, sometimes 
 brownish, and usually pitted with black, the scutellum with triangular 
 dark spots on basal angles. In light forms these black pits and spots may 
 be absent. In typical and dark forms the elytra are quite dark across the 
 base, have a dark band across tip of clavus and the apex darkened. In 
 light specimens the elytra are gray with the dark spot at tip of clavus, 
 cephalad of which appears a light area.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHXE. 77 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment sinuately produced 
 medially and with small median notch; pygofers short and broad, widest 
 at beginning of distal half and then tapering suddenly, slightly exceeded 
 by ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment long, posterior margin trun- 
 cate ; plates long and narrow, about equal to the long narrow pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles with anterior portion distinctly club- 
 like, fastened to connective at middle of club, terminal portion long, 
 slender at base, and gradually thickened to broad and plump tip, this 
 terminal portion slightly curved; connective with three basal processes, 
 the median one long, upper part slender and widening at tip attached to 
 oedagus; oedagus, viewed dorsally, club-like, with a broad, heavy base and 
 tip somewhat bifid, fastened at about its middle to a very characteristic 
 broadly U-shaped structure with the tips of the arms directed strongly 
 caudad ; imbedded in the side of the pygofers, at their caudal end, are two 
 small, pointed chitinous bars, one much smaller than the other. 
 
 Distribution: Reported only from Douglas and Pottawato- 
 mie counties. Probably occurs wherever its host is found. 
 Hosts: Taken abundantly on walnut. 
 
 Subfamily CICADELLIN^ Van D. 
 
 This subfamily and the Gyponinte are at once distinguished 
 from all other members of the Cicadellidss by having the ocelli 
 situated above the margin, on the disc of the vertex. The mem- 
 bers of the Cicadellinse, however, are cylindrical and elongate 
 in form, as distinguished from the robust and flattened 
 GyponinsR. 
 
 Seven genera of this subfamily occur in Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO GENERA.* 
 
 A. Antennal sockets usually overhung by a distinct ledge which pro- 
 jects beyond curve of head, anterior tibia3 sulcate above or dilated at 
 the extremity. Elytra narrow, not covering lateral margins of ab- 
 dominal terga. 
 
 B. Thorax roundingly six-angular, posterior margin rounding, 
 with a slight median excavation. Vertex longitudinally fur- 
 rowed. Claval veins distant. Aulacizes. 
 BB. Thorax four-angular, posterior margin broadly emarginate, 
 anterior and posterior margins nearly parallel. Claval veins 
 often united in the middle or approaching and tied by a cross 
 nervure. 
 
 C. Vertex triangular, longer than basal width, side mar- 
 gins nearly straight; face as seen from side nearly 
 straight. Homalodisca. 
 
 CC. Vertex obtusely rounding, shorter than, or as long as 
 basal width; face as seen from side, roundingly 
 angled. Oncometopia. 
 
 * Adapted from key by Prof. E. D. Ball, Proc. la. Ac-ad. Sci., viii, p. 38, 1901.
 
 78 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 AA. Ledge above antennal sockets small, not projecting beyond curve of 
 head. Anterior tibiae slender, round or triangular. Elytra broad, 
 covering abdominal terga. 
 
 B. Elytra not reticulately veined at apex, head not greatly pro- 
 duced. 
 C. Margin of vertex roundingly obtuse, front inflated. 
 
 D. Antennae of male not enlarged at the apex, pro- 
 notum not twice as long as scutellum, posterior 
 margin slightly emarginate. 
 
 E. Lateral margins of vertex not distinctly in 
 line with the outer margins of the eyes. 
 Cicadella. 
 EE. Lateral margins of vertex in line with the 
 
 outer margins of the eyes. Kolla. 
 
 DD. Antennae of male enlarged at apex, pronotum more 
 than twice as long as scutellum, posterior margin 
 deeply emarginate. Helochara. 
 
 CC. Vertex flat, margin distinct, acutely angled with front. 
 
 Graphocephala. 
 
 BB. Elytra reticulately veined on apical third. Head often pro- 
 duced into a triangle, longer than pronotum. 
 
 Dreeculacephala. 
 
 Genus AULACIZES A. & S. 
 
 In this genus the antennal sockets are overhung by a dis- 
 tinct ledge which projects beyond the line of the head. The 
 rather long vertex is bluntly rounded. The pronotum is six- 
 sided, widest at the lateral angles, and with posterior margin 
 slightly emarginate. The anterior tibiae are sulcate above. 
 The elytra are long and narrow, not covering the terga of 
 the abdomen. 
 
 A single specimen of this genus occurs in Kansas. 
 
 Aulacizes irrorata (Fabr.). 
 
 (PI. 6, figs. 1-3.) 
 
 Cicada irrorata Fabr., Ent. Syst., iv, p. 33, 1794. 
 Cicada nigripennis Fabr., Ent. Syst., iv, p. 3">, 1794. 
 Tettigonia irrorata Burm., Handb. d. Ent., ii, p. 119, 1835. 
 Proconia nigripennis Walk., List. Homop., iii, p. 783, 1851. 
 Aulacizes rufiventris Walk., List. Homop., iii, p. 796, 1851. 
 Aulacizes irrorata Walk., List. Homop., Suppl., p. 236, 1858. 
 Aulacizes irrorata Stal, Hemip. Fabr., ii, p. 64, 1869. 
 Aulacizes irrorata Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., 1, p. 357, 1876. 
 Aulacizes irrorata Woodw., Bui. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 19, pi. 2, figs. 15-18, 
 1887. 
 
 Aulacizes irrorata Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 40, 1901. 
 Aulacizes irrorata Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 509, 1905. 
 Aulacizes irrorata DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 17, 1916. 
 Aulacizes irrorata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 594, 1917. 
 Aulacizes irrorata Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 2, 1918. 
 Aulacizes irrorata Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. SU., Bui. 199, p. 27, 1919. 
 
 Form: A large, long species. Length, 11.5 to 12.5 mm. Head a little 
 wider than pronotum, slightly longer than broad. Vertex very obtusely
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 79 
 
 angulate, its surface irregular and with a prominent median furrow which 
 widens greatly anteriorly. Pronotum 6-sided, surface irregular, posterior 
 margin slightly concave. Elytra long and narrow, not completely cover- 
 ing terga of abdomen. 
 
 Color: Varying from light to dark reddish-brown, irrorate with yel- 
 low. Scutellum with an extra large yellow spot before apex; vertex and 
 pronotum with more yellow than elytra except for yellow costal band on 
 the latter. Front irregularly black below, pale above, with four black 
 spots in a square above. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment a little over twice as 
 long as broad, lateral margins much narrowed posteriorly, posterior 
 margins produced with rather straight sides to a distinct but shallow 
 median notch; pygofers narrow basally and still more distally, but wide 
 at middle, equal to or exceeded by tip of ovipositor. Male, valve very 
 small, often barely seen from under tip of last ventral segment; plates 
 together forming a triangle a little broader than long, clothed with fine 
 hairs; pygofers broad and short, about equalling the plates. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles broad and slightly chitinized at base, 
 tapering rather suddenly a little past their middle to heavily chitinized 
 neck-like processes which widen distally into the shape of a bird's head, 
 the attachment to the plates being a large conspicuous lobe at the base 
 of the neck; connective long and slender, U-shaped, with arms sinuate 
 at base and then reaching to cedagus as a long strap, with median longi- 
 tudinal third heavily chitinized, this heavy chitinous band broadening 
 toward the tip; oedagus with heavy body portion and three pairs of pro- 
 cesses, a pair of blunt dorsal ones and two pairs of caudal processes, one 
 pair short and lightly chitinized apically and situated dorsad of a longer 
 and heavily chitinized pair. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee and Montgomery counties. 
 Occurs further north too, for specimens have been taken near 
 Kansas City, Mo. 
 
 Hosts: Collected from weeds and shrubs. De Long reports 
 taking it on oak. 
 
 Genus HOMALODISCA Stal. 
 
 Antennal ledge as in Aidacizes, head with prominent eyes, 
 wider than pronotum, and as long as width between eyes. 
 Front and vertex forming an acute angle. Pronotum four- 
 angular, short, anterior and posterior margins nearly parallel. 
 Elytra long and narrow, hyaline, claval nervures united near 
 the middle. Anterior tibise sulcate.
 
 80 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Homalodisca triquetra (Fabr.). 
 
 (PI. 6, figs. 4-6.) 
 
 Cicada triquetra Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., p. 63, 1803. 
 Tettigonia vitripennis Germ., Mag. d. Ent., iv, p. 61, 1821. 
 Tettigonia coagulata Say, Insects of La., p. 13, 1832. 
 
 Tettigonia ichthyocephala Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Ser. 3, iii, p. 494, 1854. 
 Tettigonia triquetra Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., Ser. 3, iii, p. 240, 1855. 
 Ciccus triquetra Walk., List Homop., Suppl., p. 243, 1858. 
 Proconia admittens Walk., List Homop., Suppl., p. 227, 1858. 
 Proconia aurigena Walk., List Homop., Suppl., p. 228, 1858. 
 Proconia excludens Walk., Ins. Saund., Homop., p. 98, 1858. 
 Homalodisca triquetra Stal, Hemip. Fabr., ii, p. 64, 1869. 
 
 Homalodisca triquetra Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop., ii, p. 221, pi. 14, fig. 1, 1899. 
 Homalodisca triquetra Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 47, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1901. 
 Homalodisca triquetra DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 19, 1916. 
 Homalodisca triquetra Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 594, 1917. 
 Homalodisca triquetra Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 2, 1918. 
 Homalodisca triquetra Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 30, 1919. 
 
 Form: A long narrow species. Length, 13 mm. Vertex as long as 
 basal width, apex bluntly rounding, with longitudinal median depression. 
 Pronotum very coarsely pitted, short, anterior and posterior margins 
 about parallel. Elytra long and narrow, hyaline, venation prominent. 
 
 Color: Brownish, with vertex, prcnotum and scutellum irrorate with 
 yellow. Elytra smoky, especially apically, with an opaque red spot of 
 varying size on costal margin of the apical cells. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment very large and long, 
 slightly narrowing to acute lateral angles between which the posterior 
 margin is broadly incised to fully one-third its depth by a triangular, 
 obtusely pointed and sinuately margined incision; pygofers broadest at 
 their middle, and slightly exceeded by tip of ovipositor. Male, plates to- 
 gether forming a triangle wider than long, tips very acute; pygofers 
 short but very broad, narrowed at base, slightly widening posteriorly, 
 and covered with long fine hairs, with a short blunt chitinous process im- 
 bedded in side of each. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles very small for such a large form, 
 broadest at base and tapering sinuately to blunt apex, apical half much 
 roughened with fine teeth; connective very short, consisting of a trans- 
 verse band widest at the middle, especially posteriorly; cedagus very 
 large and peculiar, body with a long anteriorly and vertically directed 
 process to meet the connective which extends ventrad from the styles, 
 with a stout dorsal process and two pairs of terminal processes, an outer 
 short and blunt process and an inner large, sharply pointed process. 
 
 Distribution: A southern species not yet reported from Kan- 
 sas. It may occur in the southern portions of the state. 
 Hosts: Unknown.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLIDjE. 81 
 
 Genus ONCOMETOPIA Stal. 
 
 The members of this genus have a distinct ledge over the 
 antennal socket. The eyes are prominent, making the head 
 wider than the pronotum. Vertex is rounded and obtusely 
 joined to the front. Pronotum is short, four-angular, the an- 
 terior and posterior margins nearly parallel, lateral margins 
 slightly narrowed behind. Elytra long and narrow, not cover- 
 ing abdominal terga. Anterior tibiae are slightly sulcate above. 
 
 Two species and one variety of this genus have been found 
 in the state. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES 
 
 A. Size large, 12 mm. or more, cross nervure cephalad of fork of first 
 
 sector. undata. 
 
 AA. Size smaller, 9 mm. or less, cross nervure caudad of fork of first 
 
 sector. lateralis. 
 
 Oncometopia undata ( Fabr. ) . 
 
 (PI. 7, figs. 1-3.) 
 
 Cicada undata Fabr., Ent. Syst., iv, p. 32, 1794. 
 Cicada rbona Fabr., Ent. Syst., Suppl., p. 530, 1798. 
 Tettig n a undata Germ., Mag. d. Ent., iv, p. 61, 1821. 
 Proco i undata Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 783, 1851. 
 Proco i nigricann Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 783, 1851. 
 Proco i clarior Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 784, 1851. 
 Proco i lucernea Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 785, 1851.. 
 Proco i marginata Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 785, 1851. 
 Proco 10 badia Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 786, 1851. 
 Proco ia xcutellata Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 786, 1851. 
 Proco ia tenebrona Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 787, 1851. 
 Proco ia plagiala Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 788, 1851. 
 
 Tettigonia undata Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. FT., ser. 3, ii, p. 486, pi. 17, fig. 5, 1854. 
 Oncometopia undaia Stal, Hemip. Fabr., ii, p. 62, 1869. 
 
 Oncometopia vndata Woodw., Bui. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., Hi, p. 15, pi. 2, figs. 10-14, 
 1887. 
 
 Gyponaf badia Va 
 Oncometopia undo 
 
 1899. 
 
 Oncometopia undt 
 
 D., Ent. News, v, p. 157, 1894. 
 a Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop., ii, p. 231, pi. 14. figs. 19, 20, 
 
 a Ball, Proc., la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 41, 1901. 
 
 Oncometopia unda 
 Oncometopia unda 
 
 a Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 509, 1905. 
 
 a DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 18, 1916. 
 
 a Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 591, 1917. 
 Oncometoiria undata Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 2, 1918. 
 Oncometopia undata Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 28, 1919. 
 
 Form: A large, almost parallel-sided form. Length, 13 mm. Head 
 broad, with prominent eyes. Vertex with sides very broadly rounded, 
 very obtuse at apex, about two-thirds as long as basal width. Pro- 
 notum half wider than long, elevated. Elytra long and narrow, claval 
 veins slightly approaching each other and usually with a cross nervure. 
 
 Color: Vertex, anterior margin of pronotum and scutellum rusty 
 orange. Vertex with an incomplete black circle from which run out six 
 or eight radiating lines. Scutellum also marked with dark lines. Pro- 
 
 6 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 82 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 notum, except anterior margin, and elytra varying much in color from 
 slaty blue tt> brown and bright red. Elytra sometimes bear a large 
 pruinose spot just back of the middle. Front orange with black median 
 and lateral lines. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment longer than pre- 
 ceding, slightly narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin composed of three 
 lobes, the lateral ones distinctly longer than the median; pygofers broad 
 and short, sparsely covered with short, stout hairs and about equalled 
 by the ovipositor. Male, plates small, forming a triangle about as long- 
 as wide, half the width of the last ventral segment; pygofers tapering 
 posteriorly from the broad base, nearly twice the length of the plates; 
 pygofers bearing an upturned chitinous process on caudal margin. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles small for such a large species, pointed 
 at anterior end, with a very large process for attachment to connective, 
 slightly narrowed medially and then widened and narrowing to slightly 
 out-turned and pointed tip, bearing several stout hairs on distal third 
 of lateral margin; connective U-shaped with the loop very wide; oedagus 
 large, prolonged anteriorly to meet connective, and with a very large an- 
 terior process extending dorsad, main portion dividing at apex into 
 large rounded anterior process, a median smaller triangular one, and a 
 posterior, acutely pointed still smaller one, a posterior process, also ex- 
 tending dorsad, long and narrow; long, crooked, slender chitinous bars 
 extend down from base of anal tube to cephalo-dorsal portion of oedagus. 
 
 Distribution: Found in the eastern part of the state, as 
 shown by the following map : 
 
 CHErtlM 
 
 E RAWLINS 
 
 DECATU 
 
 NORTCW 
 
 PHILL 
 
 sniTM 
 
 JEWELL 
 
 REPUP 
 
 WASH 
 
 MARS 
 
 H NEH. 
 
 ^te 
 
 ) 
 
 SHtRHA 
 
 N THOMAS 
 
 SHCRI 
 
 GRAH 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OS8. 
 
 flTCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 Ib/ 1 idr^ ATCHI "\ 
 
 DICK V A 
 MORR S 
 
 WAB. 
 X 
 
 j 
 
 SHAYfL- 
 
 
 
 OSACE 
 
 ErFLEA\ 
 
 h 
 
 JOHN 
 
 WALLAC 
 
 LOGAN 
 
 COVE 
 
 TRCGO 
 
 ELLIS 
 
 RU55 
 
 UNC 
 
 
 
 ELL5 
 
 SAUNE 
 
 GREXV 
 
 men 
 
 SCOTT 
 
 LANE 
 
 NESS 
 
 RUSH 
 
 BARTON 
 T 
 
 RICE. 
 
 H'PHER 
 
 rtMHflN 
 
 CHAS 
 
 LYON 
 
 r.ofFfr 
 
 FRANK 
 
 AND:* 
 
 niAni 
 
 LIMN 
 
 HAM 
 
 <CAR. 
 
 n 
 
 e\r 
 
 
 
 G/?Ar 
 
 HODGE 
 FORO 
 
 1 
 EDW. I 
 
 JSTAF 
 
 RCNO 
 
 HARVEY 
 
 BUTLER C 
 
 RECN; 
 
 WOOD. 
 
 ALLEN 
 
 BOUR. 
 
 STAN. 
 
 man 
 
 HA5K. 
 
 KICWA 
 
 PRATT 
 
 KING. 
 
 SEDGE 
 
 
 
 CLK 
 
 WILSON 
 
 NE05. 
 
 CRA 
 
 nORT S 
 
 TEV. 
 
 SEW 
 
 MEAD 
 
 CLW 
 
 COHAN. 
 
 BARBCf 
 
 HARR 
 
 SUHNER 
 
 COW t 
 
 .ftr 
 
 HONT 
 
 LAB. 
 
 4,. 
 
 Hosts: Taken sweeping among weeds. De Long took speci- 
 mens from ironweed.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHXE. 83 
 
 Oncometopia later alis (Fabr.). 
 
 (PI. 8. tiscs. !-_>.) 
 
 Cercopix lateiuli* Fabr., Kut. Syst., Suppl., p. o'J4. 1798. 
 Cereopi.1 marginetla Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., p. 96, 1803. 
 
 CrrfipiM costalis Fabr., Syst. Rhyng., errata, 1803 (n. n. for marginella Fabr). 
 Tetti'jonia striata Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 775, 1851. 
 Tcltiyonia Ivgenis Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 775, 1851. 
 Tcttif/nnla purrltotrhw Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 775, 1851. 
 Proconia cost alis Walk., List Homop., Suppl., p. 224, 1858. 
 Proconia coxtalis Stal, Homop. Fabr., ii, p. 118, 1869. 
 Proconia costalis Van D., Can. Ent., xxi, p. 9, 1889. 
 Proconia costalis Osb., Proc., la. Aead. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 125, 1892. 
 Oncometopia coot alis Sloss., Ent. News, v, p. 5, 1894. 
 Oncometopia coslalis G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 81, 1895. 
 Oncometopia lateralis Ball., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 44, 1901. 
 Oncometopia lateralis Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 509, 1905. 
 Oncometopia lateralis Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 99, 1915. 
 Oncometopia lateralis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 18, 1916. 
 Oncometopia lateralis Van D., Cat. Hemip., N. A., p. 592, 1917. 
 Oncometopia lateralis Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 2, 1918. 
 Oncometopia lateralis Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 29, 1919. 
 
 Form: Shorter than preceding species, but quite broad. Length, 7 to 
 8 mm. Head, about half as long as wide, vertex obtusely angled, eyes 
 prominent. Pronotum short, anterior and posterior margins about par- 
 allel. Elytra broad and only slightly exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum and scutellum black, irrorate v/ith yellow. 
 Elytra red to slaty blue, nervures black, frequently with light or yellow 
 margins. Face black irrorate with yellow. Narrow yellow lateral stripe 
 starts from eye, crosses thorax, and extends along margin of abdomen 
 to pygofers. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about twice as long 
 as preceding, lateral margins narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin with 
 broad incision on median third which reaches about one-fourth of way to 
 base ; pygofers large, widest at middle, exceeding ovipositor. Male, plates 
 together forming a triangle longer than wide; pygofers long and nar- 
 row, exceeding plates, covered with fine hairs as are the plates. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles much as in undata, proportionally 
 broader, outer margin nearly straight, inner margin with broad lobe half 
 way between apex and process for attachment to cedagus, apex with 
 slight inwardly directed point, lateral margins of apical third serrate, a 
 few slender hairs near lateral margin about one-third the distance from 
 the tip; connective consisting of a broad strap-like piece between the 
 styles with the ventral surface bearing a large square portion medially; 
 cedagus large, produced anteriorly to meet connective, with a large dorsal 
 process running first caudad and then cephalad, and two pairs of long 
 slender terminal lobes running dorsad, the first pair broader and longer 
 than the posterior pair. 
 
 Distribution: This species occurs throughout the state as 
 shown by the following map.
 
 84 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn reports this species as occurring in bogs and 
 low ground ; De Long records it from grasses and weeds. 
 
 Oncometopia lateralis var. limbata (Say). 
 
 Tettigonia limbata Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 340, 1825. 
 Tetligonia costalis Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, iii, p. 821, 1855. 
 Tettigonia septentrionalis Walk., List Homop., Suppl., p. 193, 1858. 
 Oncometopia limbata Van D., Psyche, v, p. 389, 1890. 
 
 Oncometopia lateralis var. limbata Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 45, 1901. 
 Oncometopia lateralis var. limbata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 593, 1917. 
 
 Form: Somewhat smaller and narrower than preceding form, elytra 
 longer. 
 
 Color: Black, vertex and face somewhat irrorate with yellow. Two 
 small orange spots about one-third distance from anterior margin and in 
 line with ocelli. Lateral yellow line broad and distinct. 
 
 Distribution: Rawlins county has furnished us our only 
 specimen of this variety. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Genus CICADELLA Latr. 
 
 In this genus the ledges over the antennal sockets are not 
 prominent. The vertex is bluntly conical, and slightly sloping, 
 with the lateral margins not in a distinct line with the curve 
 of the eye. Pronotum rather long, broadest at lateral angles. 
 The elytra cover the terga of the abdomen and are not reticu- 
 lately veined at the apex. 
 
 Two members of this genus and two varieties have been col- 
 lected in Kansas, but two other species likely occur and are 
 therefore included in the key.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHXE. 85 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES 
 
 A. Head as wide as pronotum, vertex wider than long, face in profile 
 strongly curved. 
 B. Head marked with distinct lines forming a pattern. 
 
 C. Head pattern complex, no parallel lateral lines; length 
 
 over 6 mm. hieroglyphica. 
 
 CC. Head pattern simple, with median and lateral parallel 
 
 lines; length 6 mm. or less. gothica. 
 
 BB. Head marked with definite spots, not forming a distinct pat- 
 tern, atropunctata. 
 AA. Head narrower than pronotum, vertex as long as wide, face in pro- 
 file only slightly curved. occatoria. 
 
 Cicadella hieroglyphica (Say). 
 
 (PI. 9, figs. 1-3.) 
 Tettigonia hieroglyphica Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 313, 1831. 
 
 Tettigon 
 Tetiigon 
 
 hieroglyphica Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, iii, p. 805, 1855. 
 hieroglyphica G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 81, 1895. 
 
 Tettigon hieroglyphica Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 51, 1901. 
 
 Tettigon lla hieroglyphica Van D., Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 52, 1914. 
 
 Tettigon lla hieroglyphica DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 20, 1916. 
 
 Cicadella hieroglyphica Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 597, 1917. 
 
 Cicadella hieroglyphica Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 3, 1918. 
 
 Form: Rather stout. Length, 6 to 7 mm. Vertex bluntly conical, 
 wider than long. Pronotum nearly twice as wide as long, posterior angles 
 broadly rounded, posterior margin medially emarginated. Elytra broad, 
 but exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Varying from brick- red to greenish and slaty blue. Black 
 markings on vertex very strong and distinct, enclosing a light colored T 
 on basal half. Elytra with pale bands along costal, claval and sutural 
 margins. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about as wide as 
 long, lateral margins narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin triangu- 
 larly produced; pygofers long and narrow, equalling or slightly exceed- 
 ing ovipositor, bearing a few stout hairs. Male, last ventral segment less 
 than twice as wide as long; plates long, broad at base, but tapering to 
 long acute apices, margins fringed with short hairs; pygofers long and 
 narrow, equalling or exceeding plates and bearing stout hairs. 
 
 Male internal genitalia: Styles short, distinctly bent in at point of at- 
 tachment to connective by a large, heavily chitinized lobe, then curving 
 outward and tapering gradually to blunt apex, with an outwardly pro- 
 jecting process; connective slender, Y-shaped, stem of Y broadening to 
 broad base ; oedagus with pair of short processes extending dorsad from its 
 point of attachment to connective, a long process leaving it dorsally from 
 a point a little past its middle, and a similar longer one leaving it apically, 
 the latter to the left of the former. These two processes are narrow and 
 long, narrowest at the base, and widening to a point shortly before the 
 apex where they are the widest, the right one wider than the left one, 
 and then tapering to the acute tips. A pair of somewhat narrow tri- 
 angular chitinous processes extend from the base of the anal tube to the 
 main body of the oedagus.
 
 86 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: This species is well distributed over the state 
 as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Taken abundantly on willows. 
 
 Cicadella hieroglyphica var. dolobrata (Ball). 
 
 Tettigonia hieroglyphica var. dolobrata Ball, Proc. la., Acad. Sci., viii, p. 52, pi. 3, 
 fig. 2, 1901. 
 
 Tettigonia hieroglyphica var. dolobrata DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 20, 191-j. 
 Cicadella hieroglyphica var. dolobrata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 597, 1917. 
 Cicadella hieroglyphica var. dolobrala Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 3, 19 IS. 
 
 This is a smaller form than the preceding, appearing more robust. In 
 color it is typically black, retaining a few of the light markings of the 
 typical hieroglyphica on the front, vertex, pronotum and scutellum, and 
 generally having the claval sutures light. 
 
 Genitalia as in preceding form. 
 
 Distribution: Occurs along with the typical form. 
 Hosts: Willows. 
 
 Cicadella hieroglyphica var. uhleri (Ball). 
 
 Tettigonia hieroglyphica var. uhleri Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 52, pi. 3, fig. 3. 
 1901. 
 
 Cicadella hieroglyphica var. uhleri Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 597, 1917. 
 Cicadella hieroglyphica var. uhleri Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Xat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 3, 1918. 
 
 This variety is slightly larger than typical hieroglyphica, being more 
 robust and with longer elytra. It varies very greatly in color, running 
 from a brick-red through several shades of bluish or grayish green, and 
 even to a fairly distinct bright green. The black markings of the vertex 
 are much reduced in size, appearing only as narrow lines. Genitalia as 
 in typical hieroglyphica. 
 
 Distribution: Much rarer with us than the two preceding 
 forms. Reported from Douglas, Cherokee and Riley counties. 
 Hosts: Willows.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 87 
 
 Cicadella gothica (Sign.). 
 
 Tettigonia gothica Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, ii, p. 345, pi. 11, fig. 6, 1854. 
 
 Tfttigonia hieroglyphica Harr., Hitchcock's Geol. Mass., edn. 2, p. 580, 1835. 
 
 Tftlii/onia sinrili* Woodw., Bui. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., iii. p. 25, 1887. 
 
 Diedrocephala hieroglyphica Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., iii, p. 267, 1889. 
 
 Tettigonia hierogbjjihica Harr., Ottawa Nat., vi, p. 32, 1892. 
 
 Tettigonia similin Van D., Ent. News, v, p. 156, 1894. 
 
 Tettigonia similis Van D., Ent. News, v, p. 156, 1894. 
 
 Tettigonia similis O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., Jv, p. 231, 1897. 
 
 Tettigonia gothica Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 54, 1901. 
 
 Tettigonia gothica Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 510, 1905. 
 
 Tettigonia gothica Van D., Can. Ent., xli, p. 383, 1909. 
 
 Tettigonia gothica Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 100, 1915. 
 
 Tettigonia gothica DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 21, 1916. 
 
 Cicadella gothica Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., 597, 1917. 
 
 Cicadella gothica Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 3, 1918. 
 
 Form: Much like hieroglyphica but smaller. Length, 5.5 to 6 mm. 
 Vertex more pointed than in preceding species, wider than long. Ner- 
 vures of elytra distinct. 
 
 Color: Varies from light reddish to grayish-green. Vertex reddish 
 or greenish-yellow, apex with black spot, margins of reflexed portions, a 
 line from these to ocelli, and a pair of loops on the disc, black. Scutel- 
 lum with distinct black marks. Elytra grayish-green or reddish, unicolor- 
 ous, or irrorate with yellow. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment very long, raised 
 medially, lateral margins narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin triangu- 
 larly produced; pygofers long, bearing a few heavy hairs and equalled or 
 slightly exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment about 
 twice as broad as long, anterior and posterior margins parallel; plates 
 very lono: and slender, margins with fine hairs and also with a row of 
 stout hairs or bristles, slightly exceeding the spiny pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken only in Douglas, Riley and Pottawa- 
 tomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn reports taking this species from grass land 
 and on birch and willow. De Long records taking it from oak. 
 
 Cicadella atropunctata (Sign.). 
 
 (PI. 9, figs. 4-5.) 
 
 Tettlf/aiiiii nfi-o/.',:,i<'tata Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., p. 354, 1854. 
 Tettigonia circellala Bak., Psyche, viii, p. 285, 1898. 
 
 Teltigoiiia atropunctata Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop., ii, p. 266, pi. 17, fig. 27, 1900. 
 Tettigonia atropunctata Ball, Proc. la. Aoad. Sci., viii, p. 55, pi. 4, fig. 2, 1901. 
 Tettit/onia circeilata Van D., Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 53, 1914. 
 Tettigonia circeilata Essig, Inj. Benef. Ins. Calif., edn. 2, p. 66, 1915. 
 Cicadella circellala Van D. ? Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 598, 1917. 
 Cicadella circeilata^ Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 3, 1918. 
 
 Form: Longer and more slender than gothica. Length, 6 to 7 mm. 
 Vertex bluntly rounded, about three-fourths as long as broad, two-thirds 
 the length of the pronotum. Elytra long and narrowing posteriorly, giv- 
 ing the insect a wedge-shaped appearance.
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Color: Vertex, front, face, anterior margin of pronotum and under 
 side, yellowish; posterior part of pronotum and elytra bluish or bluish- 
 green. Front with short median line, two broken lateral lines and 
 margin, black. Clypeus black medially at apex; vertex with spot at apex, 
 in the middle, outside of each ocellus, and a crescent on each side an- 
 teriorly, black. Pronotum with seven black dots near anterior margin 
 and three on basal half. Nervures of elytra black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment much longer than 
 broad, about three times as long as penultimate segment, keeled, pos- 
 terior margin greatly and acutely produced; pygofers very long and 
 narrow, exceeding the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment longer than 
 preceding one, anterior and posterior margins parallel, as are the lateral 
 margins; plates very long and slender, acutely pointed, and with row 
 of stout hairs or spines along margin, slightly exceeded by the long and 
 narrow pygofers. 
 
 Internal male gemtalia: Styles small, basal portion heavier, posterior 
 portion slender, curved, terminating acutely; connective slender, Y-shaped, 
 the stem of the Y broadened basally; cedagus with broad, rather truncate 
 base, a stout, blunt process running dorsad, and a pair of larger, broad- 
 based, and acutely pointed, dorsally directed, terminal processes. 
 
 Distribution: Has not yet been reported from Kansas, but 
 should occur in southern part of the state. 
 
 Hosts: Essig reports this species as a general feeder on such 
 plants as grape, blackberry, raspberry, sunflower, etc. 
 
 This species so closely fits Signoret's description of Tetti- 
 gonia atropunctata, that, with Dr. E. D. Ball, we do not follow 
 Van Duzee's synonomy. 
 
 Cicadella occatoria (Say). 
 
 Tettigonia occatoria Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vi, p. 311, 1831; Compl. Writ, ii, 
 p. 385. 
 
 Tettigonia occatoria Say, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, ii, p. 353, pi. 18, fig. 11, 1854. 
 
 Tettigonia compta Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Hornop., ii, p. 271, 1900. 
 
 Tettigonia occatoria Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop., ii, p. 279, pi. 18, fig. 29, 1900. 
 
 Tettigonia occatoria Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 57, pi. 4, fig. 4, 1901. 
 
 Tettigoniella occatoria Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., ix, p. 212, 1909. 
 
 Tettigoniella occatoria Osb., Ohio Nat., ix, p. 462, 1909. 
 
 Tettigoniella occatoria DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 21, 1916. 
 
 Cicadella occatoria Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 598, 1917. 
 
 Cicadella occatoria Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 3, 1918. 
 
 Cicadella occatoria Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 31, 1919. 
 
 This species, though surely in Kansas, has seemingly not yet been taken. 
 It is a long narrow form, about 6 mm. in length. The color is yellow, 
 and it may be readily recognized by the longitudinal, brown stripes, four 
 on the vertex, five on the pronotum, and with the elytra also striped. 
 Female, last ventral segment less than twice as long as preceding one, 
 posterior margin obtusely rounding or truncate; pygofers long and
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 89 
 
 narrow, equalling ovipositor. Male, plates broad at base; very acute 
 apically; pygofers long, narrow, scarcely tapering, much exceeding plates. 
 
 Hosts: According to De Long this species was taken on 
 weeds and shrubs. 
 
 Genus KOLLA Dist. 
 
 Distant describes this genus as follows: "Allied to Tetti- 
 goniella, but differing by the structure of vertex of the head, 
 which is subconically narrowed anteriorly, with the lateral 
 margins in a line with the outer margins of the eye ; near the 
 inner margin of the eyes the vertex is also more or less f oveate ; 
 face with the lateral areas somewhat strongly, transversely 
 striate, and centrally, longitudinally sinuate and flattened." 
 
 Three species of this genus have been collected in Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Conspicuously marked with bands and stripes. 
 
 B. Elytra striped; over 5.5 mm. in length. bifida. 
 
 BB. Elytra not striped; 5 mm or less in length. geometrica. 
 AA. Not marked with bands and stripes, rather uniformly brownish or 
 black. hartii. 
 
 Kolla bifida (Say). 
 
 (PI. 7, figs. 4-5. > 
 
 Tett\gonia bifida Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 313, 1831; Compl. Writ., ii. 
 p. 387. 
 
 Tettigonfa bifida Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 55, 1851. 
 
 Tettigonia tenella Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 770, 1851. 
 
 Tettigonia bifida Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, ii, p. 11, pi, 1, fig. 11, 1854. 
 
 Helochara bifida Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., iii, p. 338, 1890. 
 
 Tettigonia bifida Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., v. p. 196, 1894. 
 
 Tettigonia bifida O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 175, 1897. 
 
 Tettigonia bifida Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 58, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1901. 
 
 Tettigonia bifida Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 509, 1905. 
 
 Tettigonia bifida Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr. Bur. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 63, 1912. 
 
 Tettigonia bifida Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 99, 1915. 
 
 Kolla bifida DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 22, 1916. 
 
 Kolla bifida Van D., Cat. Hemip., N. A., p. 598, 1917. 
 
 Kolla bifida Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 5, 1918. 
 
 Cicadella bifida Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 31, 1919. 
 
 Form: A fairly large, robust species. Length, 5.5 to 6 mm. Vertex 
 about twice as wide as long, bluntly conical. Pronotum slightly wider 
 than head, and nearly twice as long, anterior margin broadly convex, 
 posterior margin very slightly concave, lateral and humeral margins about 
 equal. Elytra broad, venation very simple, there being no cross nervures 
 before the apical cells. 
 
 Color: Vertex black with two white spots at apex and a median and 
 basal band yellowish or white. Face very dark brown, lighter laterally. 
 Pronotum greenish with anterior margin black, followed by a yellow band, 
 posterior margin white or greenish-white, preceded by a black band.
 
 90 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Scutellum yellow with black transverse impression. Elytra green, ner- 
 vures broadly black, apical cells smoky. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, convex, lateral 
 margins tapering posteriorly and posterior margin with median half 
 roundingly produced; pygofers long and narrow, forming a keel medially, 
 exceeding ovipositor and clothed with very coarse large hairs. Male, 
 plates short, wide at base, apices quite acutely produced, less than half the 
 length of the long and narrow pygofers; lateral margins of plates and the 
 pygofers with large, coarse hairs. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles short, anterior end acutely pointed, 
 distal half broad, apex truncate with laterally directed tooth; connective 
 T-shaped with short cross piece and long stem, dorsally directed, to meet 
 oedagus, the two parts seeming to be distinct pieces; oedagus consisting of 
 two L-shaped pieces, the short branches directed dorsad and th.e long 
 slender ones caudad and generally crossing each other; a pair of L-shaped 
 processes with thickened terminal portions extend down from the anal 
 tube to the oadagus. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas, Cherokee, Pottawatomie 
 and Riley counties. 
 
 Hosts: Swept from grasses in low places. 
 
 Kolla geometrica (Sign.). 
 
 (PI. 8, figs. 5-6.) 
 
 Tettigonia geometrica Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, ii, p. 12, pi. 1, fig. 12, 1895. 
 Tettigonia psittacella Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop., ii, p. 290, pi. 19, fig. 26, 1900. 
 Tettigonia geometrica Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 59, pl.*5, fig. 2, 1901. 
 KoUa geometrica Dist., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8. i : p. 530, 1908. 
 Tettigonia yeometrica Osb., Ohio Nat., ix. p. 461, 1909. 
 Kolla geometrica DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 23, 1916. 
 KoUa geometrica Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 599, 1917. 
 Kolla geometrica Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 5, 1918. 
 KoUa geometrica Ols., Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., xiii, p. 119, 1918. 
 Cicadella geomttrica Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 32, 1919. 
 
 Form.; Like bifida in structure but smaller. Length, 4.5 to 5 mm. 
 Vertex about twice as long as wide, bluntly rounded. Pronotum as in 
 bifida, wider than the head. Elytra long, not as broad as in bifida, vena- 
 tion simple, lacking cross veins before apical cells. 
 
 Color: Vertex black, with two yellow apical spots and median and 
 basal yellow bands. Face black. Pronotum and scutellum as in bifida 
 but with narrower bands and therefore a larger green discal portion. 
 Elytra green, except for smoky apical cells, with three spots in front of 
 these and costal margin light. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about as in bifida, 
 perhaps not produced quite as much on posterior margin. Male, plates 
 as in bifida though perhaps more acutely pointed. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles relatively shorter and broader than 
 in bifida; oadagus with upright arms of the L relatively longer than in
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 91 
 
 bifida; lower portion of chitinous processes extending down from anal 
 tube also relatively heavier than in bifida. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee county only. 
 
 Hosts: De Long reports sweeping this species from weeds 
 and grasses in pastures, and especially from the ironweed, 
 Vernonia glauca. 
 
 Kolla hartii (Ball). 
 
 (PI. 7, figs. 6-7.) 
 
 Tettiyonia hartii Ball, Proe. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 61, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1901. 
 Tetiigonia hartii DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 20, 1916. 
 Kolla hartii Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 599, 1917. 
 Kolla hartii Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat, Hist., xxxviii, p. 5, 1918. 
 
 Form: Shorter and stouter than preceding species. Length, 3.75 to 
 5 mm. Vertex conical, obtusely rounding, twice as wide as long. Prono- 
 tum twice as long as vertex, about three-fifths as long as wide. Elytra 
 broad, venation simple, as in bifida. 
 
 Color: Female, brownish. Vertex with pair of black spots on pos- 
 terior margin and brown arcs that cover front on either side of a light 
 median line extending up on to apex of vertex. Pronotum with irregular 
 dark spots near anterior margin. Scutellum with dark triangular spots 
 in basal angles. Elytra with nervures pale, claval margins lined with 
 light blue. Male, shining black, with space around ocelli and apex of 
 scutellum pale. Spot on apex of vertex white, front pale with dark arcs 
 on either side of median pale line which has black borders that often 
 enlarge to eliminate the pale line. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about three-fifths 
 as long as wide, posterior margin truncate, very slightly sinuate on 
 either side of a very small median tooth; pygofers broad and long, form- 
 ing median keel, exceeding ovipositor and bearing few large coarse hairs. 
 Male, plates wide at base but tapering to long acute point posteriorly, 
 with coarse hairs on lateral margins, much exceeded by the long, coarsely 
 haired pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles longer than in preceding members of 
 the genus, apices curved inward; connective as in preceding species; 
 oedagus U-shaped when viewed laterally, having two short processes ex- 
 tending more or less dorsad and a single process, twice as long, extend- 
 ing caudad, the base of the U being formed by this process; a very 
 characteristic club-shaped process extends downward from the base of 
 the anal tube.
 
 92 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: This species seemingly occurs only in the 
 southeastern portion of the state as shown by the following 
 map: 
 
 Hosts: De Long reports this species as common on grasses, 
 especially Aristida gracilis. 
 
 Genus HELOCHARA Fh. 
 
 In this genus the head is slightly wider than the prothorax 
 and considerably broader than long, slightly obtusely angled, 
 and with the reflexed portion of the front distinctly elevated. 
 The pronotum is long, being twice as long as the scutellum, and 
 with such distinct lateral and humeral margins as to appear 
 six-angular. Scutellum small, partially covered by pronotum. 
 Elytra coriaceous, except for apical cells, veins distinct. An- 
 tennae of males plate-like on apical third. 
 
 The single species of this genus occurring in the United 
 States is found in Kansas. 
 
 Helochara 
 Tettigonia 
 Teltigonia 
 Helochara 
 Helochara 
 Helochara 
 Helochara 
 Helochara 
 Helochara 
 Heliichara 
 llrlochara 
 
 Helochara communis Fh. 
 
 (PI. 10, figs. 3-4.) 
 
 communis Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 56, 1851. 
 herbida Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 769, 1851. 
 communis Walk., List Homop., iv, p. 1156, 1852. 
 
 communis Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Pr., ser. 3, ii, p. 730, pi. 21, fig. 17, 1854. 
 communis Osb., Proc. la. Acad Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 125, 1892. 
 communia G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 82, 1895. 
 
 communis Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 62, pi. 6, fig. 1, 1901. 
 communis Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 60, 1912. 
 communis Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 103, 1915. 
 communis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 24, 1916. 
 communi* Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 600, 1917. 
 "8161 '9 "(I 'UIAXXX '-}SI H 'N 'sn K -iny 'jne ''SIQ nitinwiitoy
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 93 
 
 Form: Rather small, robust species. Length, 4 to 7 mm. Vertex 
 broader than long, slightly and obtusely pointed and with the elevated 
 portions of front strongly elevated. Pronotum large and long, anterior 
 margin broadly rounded, posterior margin distinctly emarginate. Scutel- 
 lum short, overlapped by pronotum. Elytra coriaceous except at apex. 
 Whole dorsal surface distinctly punctate. 
 
 Color: A green form. Head and anterior region of pronotum more 
 yellowish. Front, including reflexed portion, with lateral brown arcs. 
 In male, face black because of broadening and fusing of the arcs. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over two-thirds as 
 long as broad, lateral margins narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin in- 
 cised on either side of the medially produced lobe; pygofers long and 
 narrow, slightly exceeding ovipositor and bearing a few, coarse, short 
 hairs on either side of the ovipositor. Male, valve short and broadly 
 triangular; plates broad at base but tapering and prolonged acutely, ex- 
 ceeding the short pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles with basal half gradually tapering, a 
 large process on mesal margin for attachment to connective and poste- 
 riorly a large lateral bulge, the distal portion curved slightly outwardly, 
 toothed on mesal margin and terminating rather truncately with a dis- 
 tinct outward point; connective T-shaped, the cross piece heavier than 
 the standard; oedagus consisting of a pair of heavy dorsally directed 
 processes and a pair of narrower, larger, sinuate and acutely pointed 
 terminal processes. 
 
 Distribution: This species probably occurs throughout the 
 eastern portion of the state, but hitherto has been reported 
 only from Cherokee county. 
 
 Hosts: Found only on swamp grasses. 
 
 Genus GRAPHOCEPHALA Van D. 
 
 In this genus the head is narrower than the pronotum, the 
 vertex is flat, obtusely rounding and with a distinct margin. 
 The front is not inflated. The pronotum is narrowed anteriorly 
 and with the posterior margin slightly emarginate. The 
 elytra are long and coriaceous, venation obscured, and with 
 rather long apical cells. 
 
 Two of the three United States' species have been taken in 
 Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Large, 9 mm. or over, vertex unmarked. coccinea. 
 
 AA. Smaller, 6 mm. or under, vertex marked with black lines. 
 
 versuta.
 
 94 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Graphocephala coccinea (Forst.). 
 
 (PI. 8. figs. 3-4.) 
 
 Cicada ,-<>,-<-ii'<i Forst., Nov. Spec. Ins., p. 69, 1711. 
 
 Tettigonia i^Hinlirittata Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 312, 1831; Compl. Writ, 
 ii, p. 386. 
 
 Tettigniiiii eoetlnta Harr., in Hitchcock, Geol. Mass., edn. 2, p. 580, 1835. 
 
 rroc.onia quadririttala Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 55, 1851. 
 
 Tettiyonia picta Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 758, 1851. 
 
 Tettigonin <,,,<i,lri>-ittata Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr.. ser. 3, ii, p. 348, pi. 11, fig. 11, 1851. 
 
 Aulacizrit qiiadrii-illata Fh., Trans. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., xvi, p. 450, 1856. 
 
 Died r<H','/>>iiil<i <-<><;-inea Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., i, p. 357, 1876. 
 
 l>i,,l,;;;'i>ln,.,i >,,i,,,ln\ ittata Glov., U. S. Dept. Agr., Kept, for 1876, p. 33. 
 
 Diedroeephala coccinea Van D., Can. Ent., xxi, p. 9, 1889. 
 
 Diedroeephala coccinea Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 22, p. 28, 1890. 
 
 l)iedroc<'i>Iinla 
 Diedroeephala 
 Tettigonia gut 
 Tettigonia ido 
 Diedroeephala 
 l>, t 'dn>cephala 
 Diedroeephala 
 Diedroeephala 
 Diedroeephala 
 
 nea Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 125, 1892. 
 oecinea Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 177, 1897. 
 irittata Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop., ii, p. 276, 1900. 
 a Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop., ii, p. 276, 1900. 
 oecinea Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 510, 1905. 
 oecinea Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 60, 1912. 
 oecinea Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 101, 1915. 
 oceiitea DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 25, 1916. 
 occi'nea Gibs., Can. Ent., xlviii, p. 178, 1916. 
 
 Graphocephala coccinea Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 601, 1917. 
 Gi-dphocephala coccinea Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 5, 1918. 
 Graphocephala coccinea Ols., Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., xiii, p. 120, 1918. 
 Uraphocfi>hala coccinea Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 32, 1919. 
 
 Form: A large, cylindric, elongated form. Length, 8 to 9 mm. Vertex, 
 wider than long, two-thirds length of pronotum, roundingly acutely 
 angled. Pronotum narrowed anteriorly with lateral and humeral angles 
 about equal, posterior margin distinctly emarginate. Elytra long and 
 narrow. 
 
 Color: Face yellow, separated from orange-yellow vertex by broad 
 black line on margin. Vertex with two, small, black marginal lines be- 
 fore the ocelli, and frequently the posterior half reddish or green medially. 
 Pronotum red with narrow light green band on anterior margin, and a 
 posterior large dark green W, with outer arms turned mesad. Elytra 
 red with costal, claval and sutural margins and median stripe on corium, 
 green, the apex and appendix black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment slightly longer than 
 wide, lateral margins slightly narrowed posteriorly, posterior margins 
 broadly rounded and medially produced; pygofers long and narrow, 
 equalling ovipositor and bearing a few coarse hairs on either side of 
 median line. Male, plates long, broad at base but apically greatly pro- 
 duced and concavely tapering to long acute tip, lateral margins bearing 
 stiff hairs; pygofers long and narrow, greatly exceeding plates and 
 covered with numerous coarse hairs. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles tapering at anterior end, curved out- 
 ward medially and ending in distinctly out-turned apices; connective slen- 
 der, Y-shaped; cedagus with triangular body when viewed laterally, a 
 long, slender process leaving it from near distal end, and a still longer, 
 heavier one extending dorsad from the distal apex; a V-shaped chitinous 
 bar at base of anal tube.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 
 
 95 
 
 Distribution: Reports and specimens at hand seem to show 
 this species as occurring only in eastern Kansas. It undoubt- 
 edly occurs further west in the state than is shown by the 
 following map : 
 
 CHEfCM 
 
 E RAWLINS 
 
 DECATu 
 
 NORTOti 
 
 PHILL 
 
 SMITH 
 
 JEWELL 
 
 RtPUp 
 
 WASH 
 
 MARSH 
 
 NEH. BRO>Y 
 
 ^-N*^, 
 
 "DON. 
 
 ) 
 
 \ 
 \ 
 
 SHERHA 
 
 N THOMAS 
 
 SHE!? 
 
 GRAH 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSB. 
 
 MITCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 DICK}] 
 
 r- 
 PMRION 
 
 (POTT* 
 
 JA K. *> 
 
 WALLAC! 
 
 LOGAN 
 
 * 
 
 TREGO 
 
 ELLIS 
 
 RUSS 
 
 UNO 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 ^J 
 
 EARTfyy 
 
 \ 
 
 ORRIS 
 CHASE 
 
 AB 
 
 SHAH**- 
 
 3r 
 
 JOHN 
 
 ELL5W 
 RICE 
 
 SAUNE 
 H'PHER 
 
 
 GREW 
 
 wot 
 
 SCOTT 
 
 LANE 
 
 NCS5, 
 
 RUSH 
 
 BARTOH 
 
 trow 
 
 :CN. 
 
 
 FRANK 
 
 rimni 
 
 A 
 
 HAM t 
 
 CAR. 
 
 HNNEY 
 I - 
 
 10DGE. 
 FORO 
 
 PAWNEE 
 EOW. 
 
 JSMF 
 
 PPATT 
 
 RCNO 
 KING. P 
 
 HARVEY 
 EDGE. 
 
 BUT 
 
 XX 
 
 &R 
 
 COffEI 
 WOOD. 
 
 
 BOUR 
 CRAW. 
 
 STAN. 
 
 MM 
 
 HASKJ 
 
 KICM* 
 
 WILSON 
 
 NCOS. 
 
 ELK. 
 
 HORT 8 
 
 TEV. 
 
 SEW: 
 
 MEAO 
 
 
 
 COHAN. 
 
 BARKER 
 
 HARR SunNER, 
 
 cow. 
 
 
 
 
 noNt 
 
 LAB 
 
 c 
 
 Hosts: Seemingly we have here a very general feeder. It 
 has been taken from numerous weeds, shrubs and trees. The 
 writer this season found the nymphs, of the last instar in large 
 numbers on Ambrosia trifida during the last week in July and 
 the first week in August. By the last week in August the 
 nymphs had all molted into adults. 
 
 Graphocephala versuta (Say). 
 
 Tettigonia versuta Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila.. vi, p. 311, 1831; Compl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 386. 
 
 Tettigonia versuta Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, p. 348, pi. 11, fig. 10, 1854. 
 Diedrocephala verxnta \Voodw., Bui. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 22, 1887. 
 Diedrocephala versuta Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 22, p. 27, 1890. 
 Tettigonia redacta Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop., ii, p. 276, pi. 18, fig. 21, 1900. 
 Diedrocephala versuta Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 64, pi. 6, fig. 3, 1901. 
 Diedrocephala versuta DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 25, 1916. 
 Diedrocephala versuta Gibs., Can. Ent., xlviii, p. 177, 1916. 
 Graphocephala versuta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 602, 1917. 
 Graphocephala versuta Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 5, 1918. 
 Graphocephala versuta Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 33, 1919. 
 
 Form: Like coccinea but smaller. Length, 5 to 6 mm. Vertex broader 
 than long, a little shorter than pronotum, apex blunt, lateral margins 
 distinctly rounding. Pronotum narrowed anteriorly, humeral margins 
 slightly longer than lateral margins. Elytra not quite as long as in 
 coccinea. 
 
 Color: Vertex with black marginal lines and with pair of median 
 parallel lines connecting anteriorly with broken lines which run back 
 parallel with the margin, between the margin and the ocelli. Space be- 
 tween parallel lines and around the margin whitish or yellowish, the rest
 
 96 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 reddish. Face yellow, pronotum yellowish anteriorly, greenish posteriorly, 
 often with red bands continuous with red bands of clavus and of head, 
 between which are blue bands. Scutellum red or yellowish with black 
 markings. Elytra blue, claval suture with a blue stripe either side of 
 which is a broader red one, apex and posterior third of costal margin 
 pale with several small, dark, triangular spots. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment as long as broad, 
 lateral margins strongly tapering posteriorly, the disc longitudinally 
 elevated, posterior margin produced angularly; pygofers long and narrow, 
 equalling or slightly exceeded by ovipositor, forming distinct keel on 
 mesal margin, bearing a few short, coarse hairs. Male, plates long and 
 narrow, often twice as long as the last ventral segment and bearing 
 coarse hairs on the lateral margins ; pygofers exceeded by the plates. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee county. 
 
 Hosts: Gibson gives cowpeas and clover as hosts. De Long 
 took specimens from shrubs and weeds. Probably a general 
 feeder like the preceding. 
 
 Genus DR^CULACEPHALA Ball. 
 
 The following is the original description of the genus : 
 "Similar to Diedrocephala, the vertex usually longer and more 
 acutely angled. Face, as seen from side, usually straight, or 
 slightly concave to the middle of clypeus, where it is broken 
 backwards. Disc of clypeus quite gibbous. Pronotum with 
 the lateral margins parallel, narrower than or only equalling 
 the eye. Elytra long, narrowing apically, greenish, the nerv- 
 ures raised, distinct, the apical and the ante-apical cells ir- 
 regularly reticulate veined. Anterior tibiae slender, round. 
 
 "Type of the genus D. mollipes Say." 
 
 Two members of this genus have been collected in Kansas. 
 D. noveboracensis has not yet been reported in the state but 
 likely occurs in the northeastern portion and is therefore in- 
 cluded in the key. D. reticulata should be found in the south- 
 ern part. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES.* 
 
 A. Front, as seen from side, almost straight. Sides of front with 
 dark arcs. 
 
 B. Vertex long, acute, margins as seen from above straight, spots 
 on apex minute or none. Profile of front straight. 
 
 C. Size small, vertex of fema'e distinctly longer than 
 broad. Lines on vertex usually faint. Last ventral seg- 
 ment of male broad. mollipes 
 
 * Adapted from key by Dr. E. D. Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 67, 1901.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^. 97 
 
 A. Front, as seen from side, almost straight concluded. 
 
 CC. Size larger, vertex of female distinctly shorter than 
 broad. Lines on vertex usually distinct and broad. 
 Last ventral segment of male long, cylindrical. 
 
 angulifera. 
 
 BB. Vertex shorter, roundingly acute, margins as seen from above 
 slightly rounding, spots on apex distinct. Profile of front 
 slightly rounding. noveboracensis. 
 
 AA. Front, as seen from side distinctly rounding. Sides of front mottled 
 with brown or unmarked. reticulata. 
 
 Drseculacephala mollipes (Say). 
 
 (PI. 9, figs. 6-7.) 
 
 Tettigonia mollipes Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 312, 1831; Compl. Writ.. ii r 
 p. 383. 
 
 Tettigonia mollipes Harr., in Hitchcock Geol. Mass., edn. 2, p. 580, 1835. 
 
 Aulacizes mollipes Ph., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 56, 1851. 
 
 Tettigonia innotata Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 770, 1851. 
 
 Tettigonia antica Walk., List. Homop., iii, p. 771, 1851. 
 
 Diedrocephala mollipes Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, ii, p. 726, pi. 21, figs. 1'2, 13, 
 1854. 
 
 Acopsis viridis Prov., Nat. Can., iv, p. 352, 1872. 
 
 Diedrocephala mollipes Osb., Kept. la. St. Agr. Soc., for 1892, p. 687. 
 
 Tettigonia mollipes Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop., ii, p. 273, pi. 18, fig. 15, 1900. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 67, pi. 7, fig. 1, 1901. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 511, 1905. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 56, 191:.'. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 103, 1915. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes Gibs., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 254, 1915. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes Van D., Ent. News, xxvi, p. 178, 1915. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 27, 1916. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes Gibs., Can. Ent., xlviii, p. 177, 1916. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 603, 1917. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 6, 1918. 
 
 Drceculacephala mollipes Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 37, 1919. 
 
 Form: Rather long and slender. Length, 6 to 9.5 mm. Vertex very 
 long, acutely angled, sides straight, disc flat, longer in female than in 
 male. Face straight in profile. Pronotum with lateral margins parallel, 
 anterior margin rounding, posterior margin emarginate. Elytra long, 
 nervures distinctly raised, apical portion reticulate. 
 
 Color: Vertex, anterior part of pronotum and scutellum yellow, latter 
 two sometimes greenish. Vertex with two small apical spots, lines on 
 reflexed portion of front, a median and a pair of lateral lines, brown. 
 Face yellow to fuscous with nine pairs of brown arcs laterally. Disc of 
 pronotum and elytra bright green, nervures light, costal and apical mar- 
 gins light. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about two-thirds as 
 long as broad, posterior margin sinuate on either side of obtusely rounded 
 median lobe ; pygof ers long and narrow, equalling or exceeding ovipositor 
 and bearing a few stout, coarse hairs along sutural margin. Male, valve 
 short, angularly produced; plates large, as long as pygofers, and with 
 short, stout hairs on margin. 
 
 7 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 98 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles with proximal portion large and 
 scarcely tapering 1 , large lobes for connection to connective, distal half 
 first curving outward and then with a seeming terminal inwardly pro- 
 jecting segment which is toothed on the inner margin near the apex, and 
 then curved outward at the extreme tip; connective T-shaped, with the 
 cross bar heavy; oedagus consisting of a T-shaped heavy piece with a 
 very short standard, from the sides of which extend out two long, 
 tapering and twisting processes, the points of which extend laterad; a 
 heavy characteristically shaped chitinous process extends downward from 
 the base of the anal tube. 
 
 Distribution: Occurs throughout the eastern portion of the 
 state as shown by the following map: 
 
 CHErEWN 
 
 C RAWUNS 
 
 DECATUS 
 
 Nosrcw 
 
 PHIU. 
 
 SrilTH 
 
 JEWELL 
 
 REPUp 
 
 WASH 
 
 HARSH 
 
 NEH. 
 
 BR:n 
 
 
 ) 
 
 \ 
 
 SHtRHA 
 
 N TMOHAS 
 
 SHERI. 
 
 GRAH 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSS. 
 
 HITCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 1 
 
 CPOTTA 
 
 ^r\ 
 
 )AK. ' 
 
 TCHf^ 
 
 WALLAC 
 
 LOGAN 
 
 60VC 
 
 TRCGO 
 
 ELLIS 
 
 FJ55 
 
 LINC 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 
 A,C 
 
 ~lKl 
 
 DOU6 
 
 JOHN 
 
 ELL5tf 
 
 SALINE 
 
 
 OSACE 
 
 GRE.XY 
 
 rVlW 
 
 corr 
 
 LANE 
 
 NESS 
 
 RUSH 
 
 BARTOIJ 
 -I 
 
 R.CE 
 
 H'PHER 
 
 nt 
 
 a 
 
 BUT 
 
 CHASE 
 
 ECN. 
 
 
 
 HAM 
 
 (CAR. 
 
 rim 
 
 CY 
 - 
 
 lODGt 
 FORD 
 
 EOW. 1 
 
 jsw 
 
 PRATT 
 
 RENO HARVCY 
 ~~JSEDGE 
 
 -ES 
 
 GR 
 
 WOOD. 
 
 ' 
 
 
 STAN. 
 
 KMT 
 
 HASH 
 
 KIOVW 
 
 ELK. 
 
 WILSON 
 
 NEOS. 
 
 CRA>v. 
 
 nORT S 
 
 TCV. 
 
 SEW 
 
 MEAD 
 
 CLflfK 
 
 COHAN. 
 
 BARSC 
 
 HARR SUHNER. 
 
 COW. 
 
 CHAJT 
 
 MONT. 
 
 A 
 
 Jo 
 
 Hosts: This is a very general feeder, but because it occurs 
 on so many cultivated crops, often in very large numbers, it 
 is to be considered an insect of economic importance. The 
 writer has taken it on corn, many native grasses and at lights. 
 Gibson gives the following hosts : Wheat, barley, oats, alfalfa, 
 Johnson grass, kafir corn, sorghum, cowpeas, Bermuda grasses 
 and many native grasses. Osborn gives rye, bluegrass and 
 brome grass as additional hosts. It is also known to feed on 
 timothy. 
 
 Drseculacephala angulifera (Walk.). 
 
 Tetligonia angulifera Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 771, 1851. 
 
 Diedrocephala aitftulifera Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, ii, p. 727, pi 21 fig 14 
 1851. 
 
 Diedrocephala angulifera Van D., Ent. News, v, 156, 1894. 
 
 Droeculacephala angvlifera Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 69, pi. 7, fig. 4, 1901. 
 
 Drtfcvlacephala angvlifera Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 511, 1905. 
 
 Dreecvlacephala angulifera Van D., Ent. News, xxvi, p. 178, 1915. 
 
 Drazculacephala, angvttfera Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238 p 102 1915- Bui 
 248, p. 78, 1916. 
 
 Drtfculacephdla angulifera Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 603, 1917. 
 
 Dr&fulacefihala angvlifera Weiss, Ent. News, xxix, p. 310, 1918. 
 Dracvlacephala angulifera Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 6, 1918.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 99 
 
 Form: Larger and broader than preceding species. Length 8 to 11 
 mm. Vertex distinctly shorter than broad, disc concave anteriorly. 
 Pronotum wide with long lateral margins. Elytra long, but broader than 
 in viollipes though with similar venation. 
 
 Color: About as in mollipes except that the lines on the vertex are 
 broad and distinct. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment about three-fourths 
 as long as wide, lateral margins strongly tapering posteriorly, posterior 
 margin strongly and angularly produced medially; pygofers very long 
 and narrow, equalling or slightly exceeded by ovipositor, and bearing a 
 very few coarse, stout hairs along either side of the ovipositor. Male, 
 last ventral segment characteristic, distinctly longer than wide, cylindri- 
 cal; valve semicircular, strongly and angularly produced medially; plates 
 long and slender, slightly divergent, nearly equalling pygofers, tips 
 curved upward and inward, and bearing a few hairs on lateral margins. 
 
 Distribution: Sedgwick county is the only place in the state 
 from which specimens of this species have yet been taken. 
 
 Hosts: Doctor Osborn reports this species as occurring in 
 the coarse grasses of lowlands and in timothy. 
 
 Drseculacephala noveboracensis (Fh.). 
 
 Aulacizes noveboracensis Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 56, 1851. 
 Tettigonia prasiha Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 768, 1851. 
 Tettingonia noveboracensis Walk., List Homop., iv, p. 1158, 1852. 
 
 Diedrocephala .noveboracensis Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Pr., ser. 3, ii, p. 19, pi. 2, fig. 5, 
 1854. 
 
 Diedrocephala noveboracensis Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent.,- Bui. 22, p. 27, 1890. 
 Diedrocephala noveboracensis Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 125, 1892. 
 Diedrocephala noveboracensis G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 82, 1895. 
 Diedrocephala noveboracensis O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., p. 177, 1897. 
 Drceculacephala noveboracensis Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii, p. 71, pi. 7, fig. 6, 1901. 
 Drceculacephala noveboracensis Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., 5, 511, 1905. 
 Drceculacephala noveboracensis Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 59, 1912 
 Drceculacephala noveboracensis Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 101, 1915. 
 Drceculacephala noveboracensis Van D., Ent. News, xxvi, p. 179, 1915. 
 Drasculacephala noveboracensis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 605, 1917. 
 Drceculacephala noveboracenxig Ols., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 6, 1918. 
 Drceculacephala noveboracensis Weiss, Ent. News, xxix, p. 309, 1918. 
 Drceculacephala noceboracensis Ols., Bui. Brooklyn Ent. Soc., xiii, p. 121, 1918. 
 
 This species has not yet been reported from Kansas, but should be 
 found in the eastern and northern portion. It is a rather large, stout 
 species, 8 mm. long, with a shorter vertex than the preceding species. 
 The vertex, when seen from above has slightly rounding margins, and 
 the profile of the face is slightly rounding. It occurs, according to Osborn, 
 on the coarse grasses of low ground. 
 
 Dr&culacephala reticulata (Sign.). 
 
 (PI. 9, figs. 8-9.) 
 
 Tettiffonia reticulata Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 3, p. 22, pi. 2, fig. 10, 1854. 
 Ui'drocephala flaviceps Ril., Am. Ent., iii, p. 78, 1880. 
 Tettigonia flaviceps Johns. & Fox, Ent. Nws, iii, p. 60, l92.
 
 100 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Trttigoni* didvcta Fowl., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop., ii, p. 274, pi. 18, fig. 17, 1900. 
 l>r,r,-i,lacephala reticvlata Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., viii. p. 73, pi. 6, fig. 8, 1901. 
 Drcecvlacephala reticvlata Osb., Ohio Nat., ix, p. 463, 1909. 
 
 Drtrcvlactphala, reticvlata Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 52, 1912. 
 Drcecvlacephala reticvlata Van D., Ent. News, xxiv, p. 179, 1915. 
 Dnrciilacephala reticvlata DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 27, 1916. 
 Drcecvlacephala reticvlata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 606, 1917. 
 Drcecvlacephala reticvlata Ols., Bui. Am. MUB. Nat. Hist., xxxviii, p. 6, 1918. 
 Drcecvlacephala reticvlata Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 38, 1919. 
 
 Form: Smallest of the members of this genus that occur in the state. 
 Length, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. Vertex blunt, much broader than long. Face in 
 profile convex. Pronotum longer proportionally than in other members of 
 the genus, humeral margins longer than lateral margins, posterior margin 
 distinctly emarginate. Elytra characteristic because of the numerous 
 apical reticulations. 
 
 Color: Face lacks the dark arcs characteristic of the three preceding 
 species, being yellow or orange-yellow, as is the vertex, except for two 
 light spots which include the ocelli. Anterior portion of pronotum and 
 scutellum yellow. Disc of pronotum and scutellum grayish green with 
 nervures and costal margin light. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment slightly wider than 
 long, lateral margins slightly tapering posteriorly, posterior margin with 
 median half roundingly produced; pygofers are long but rather stout, 
 equalling the tip of the ovipositor and bearing a very few stout scattered 
 hairs. Male, valve rounded on posterior margin; plates long, tapering 
 regularly to acute tips from broad base, almost equalling pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia : Styles of same type as in mollipes, but shorter 
 and stouter; connective T-shaped, but with cross piece distinctly curved; 
 oedagus much as in mollipes though smaller. 
 
 Distribution: Should be found in the southern part of the 
 state. 
 
 Hosts: A general grass feeder. De Long reports it from 
 Bermuda grass. It has been reported on oats and wheat. 
 
 Subfamily GYPONIN^ (Stal). 
 
 The members of this subfamily are for the most part large 
 forms, having a broad, somewhat flattened body. Their flat- 
 tened form, together with the fact that the ocelli are situated 
 on the disc of the vertex, is enough to separate them from the 
 other subfamilies. Three of the four United States genera 
 are known to occur in Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO GENERA. 
 
 A. Very short and broad, clavus truncate at tip. Penthimia. 
 
 AA. Elongate forms, clavus not truncate at tip. 
 
 B. Head with sharp narrow margin, elytra oblique at apex. 
 
 Gypona. 
 
 BB. Head with broad flat margin, elytra perpendicular at apex. 
 
 Xerophloea.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 101 
 
 Genus PENTHIMIA Germ. 
 
 The members of this genus are short, ovate, Cercopid-like 
 insects. The head is narrower than the pronotum, the vertex 
 being very broadly rounded. Pronotum is widened posteriorly, 
 distinctly transversely striated, and with the posterior margin 
 broadly concave. The elytra, though exceeding the abdomen, 
 are very short and broad and the broadly truncate apex of 
 the clavus is very noticeable. There is a distinct appendix. 
 
 The single American species of this genus has been taken in 
 Kansas. 
 
 Penthimia americana Fh. 
 
 Penthimia americana Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 57, 1851. 
 Penthimia vicaria Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 841, 1851. 
 Penthimia picta Prov., Nat. Can., p. 352, 1872. 
 Penthimia americana G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 83, 1895. 
 Penthimia americana. Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 514, 1905. 
 Penthimia americana Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 100, 1915. 
 Penthimia americana DeL., Tenn., St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 29, 1916. 
 Penthimia americana Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 610, 1917. 
 Penthimia americana Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 41, 1919. 
 
 Form: The above generic description gives the form of this species. 
 Length, 5 to 6 mm. 
 
 Color: Varies from reddish -brown to black. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment long, posterior corn- 
 ers rounded, posterior margin slightly concave on either side of a median 
 lobe which itself is slightly or sometimes distinctly emarginate, forming 
 two teeth ; pygofers very short and broad, slightly exceeded by ovipositor. 
 Male, valve triangular; plates broad at base, tapering to acute apex, 
 bearing fine hairs on margins, as long as very short pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken only in Pottawatomie county. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn records this species as occurring on hickory, 
 maple and other trees and shrubs. De Long reports it from 
 oak. 
 
 Genus GYPONA Germ. 
 
 This genus contains some of our largest Cicadellidse. They 
 are more elongate than Penthimia and differ from Xerophloea 
 in lacking the broad thin-margined head of the latter. The 
 head is short and broadly rounded on the anterior margin. The 
 pronotum has distinct lateral and humeral margins and is 
 narrowed anteriorly. Its anterior margin is broadly rounded, 
 while the posterior margin is broadly, though slightly, con- 
 cave. 
 
 The five members of the genus listed below are known to 
 occur in the state.
 
 102 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. With longitudinal stripes on vertex, pronotum and scutellum. 
 
 octo-lineata. 
 AA. No longitudinal stripes on vertex, pronotum and scutellum. 
 
 B. Very broad species, green or black. melanota. 
 
 BB. More slender species, gray or brown, usually spotted. 
 C. Brownish species, veins not punctate laterally. 
 
 D. Without submarginal spots on pronotum; not irro- 
 
 rate with red. pectoralis. 
 
 DD. With four, anterior, submarginal spots on prono- 
 tum; often irrorate with red. puncticollis. 
 CC. Grayish species, veins distinctly punctate laterally. 
 
 cinerea. 
 
 Gypona octo-lineata (Say). 
 
 (PI. 10, figs. 1-2.) 
 
 Teltigonia octo-lineata Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 340, 1824; Compl. Writ., 
 ii, p. 257. 
 
 Gypona striata Burm., Genera Ins., i, pi. 16, No. 9, 1838. 
 
 Gypona. cana Burm., Genera Ins., i, pi. 16, No. 10, 1838. 
 
 Gypona flavilineata Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 57, 1851. 
 
 Gypona quebecensis Prov., Nat. Can., iv, p. 352, 1872. 
 
 Gypona flavilineata Spangb., Spec. Gyponae, p. 8, 1878. 
 
 Gypona scrupnlosa Spangb., Spec. Gypome, p. 9, 1878. 
 
 Gypona olivacea Spangb., Ent. Tidskr., p. 24, 1881. 
 
 Gypona octo-lineata Uhl., Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 247, 1884. 
 
 Gypona octo-lineata Van D., Psyche, v, p. 390, 1890. 
 
 Gypona octo-lineata O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 179, 1897 (part). 
 
 Gypona octo-lineata Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 512, 1905. 
 
 Gypona flavilineata Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 105, 1915. 
 
 Gypona octo-lineata DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 31, 1916. 
 
 Gypona octolineata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 611, 1917. 
 
 Gypona octo-lineata Gibs., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., Ivi, p. 90, 1919. 
 
 Gypona octo-lineata Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 41, 1919. 
 
 Form: A large oval species. Length, 7 to 10 mm. Vertex broadly 
 rounded, thin-margined, over half as long as basal width. Pronotum 
 characteristic of the genus, narrowed anteriorly, anterior margin broadly 
 though slightly convex,' posterior margin about equally concave, lateral 
 margins long, humeral margins shorter. Scutellum large. Elytra long, 
 tapering posteriorly, sometimes reticulately veined, including the clavus. 
 
 Color: Light green usually, often darker. Vertex with six yellowish 
 or red longitudinal lines, pronotum with eight, scutellum with four. 
 Nervures of elytra varying from yellow to red. The red stripes and veins 
 give the brightly-colored forms a distinct reddish look. 
 
 External gcnitalia: Female, last ventral segment longer than pre- 
 ceding segment, narrowed posteriorly, longest laterally partially due to 
 posterior margin being turned downward and forming a broad, rounded, 
 median excision extending a third of the distance to the base; pygofers 
 broad and long, exceeding ovipositor, bearing a few stout hairs on apical 
 third. Male, last ventral segment very long, slightly notched medially, 
 concealing valve; plates long and narrow, longer than last ventral seg- 
 ment,- widely separated at base, overlapping apically, nearly or quite 
 equalling the short pygofers.
 
 LAWECN : KANSAS CICADELLID.-E. 
 
 103 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles very large, thickest just beyond the 
 middle, apical third bent laterad, terminating in a foot-like form, toothed 
 on inner margin apically; connective broad and stout, with a short stout 
 median process to oedagus; cedagus V-shaped, very heavy basally, 
 terminal portion tapering, long and slender, terminating bluntly and bear- 
 ing near apex a pair of long, slender lateral processes. 
 
 Distribution: Our commonest member of the genus. Is 
 found all over the state as shown by the following map : 
 
 CHtrcw 
 
 E RAWLINS 
 
 - 
 
 DECftTUS 
 
 NORTON 
 
 PHILL 
 
 SniTH 
 
 JEWELL 
 
 REPUP 
 
 WASH 
 
 HARSH 
 
 NEH. 
 
 B1KW%^ 
 
 1 r> 
 
 \ 
 
 I 
 
 N 
 
 SHtRHA 
 
 N THOHAS 
 
 SHERl. 
 
 GRAH' 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSB. 
 
 HITCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 CUHfjj 
 
 DICKJ: 
 
 H/iRlON 
 
 \wf 
 
 M 
 
 EARTfy, 
 
 10RRlsV 
 CHASE 
 
 u 
 
 AB- 
 
 
 UCHI> 
 
 WALLAH 
 
 LOGAN 
 
 GOVE 
 
 TREGO 
 
 ELLIS 
 
 RUSS 
 
 LINC 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 SI- 
 
 AW- 
 
 3b 
 
 P] 
 
 JOHN 
 
 ELLSVY 
 RICE 
 
 SALINE 
 H'PHER 
 
 OSAGE 
 COFfEl 
 
 GRE.VY 
 
 MC. 
 
 SCOTT 
 
 LANE 
 
 NE53 
 
 I.U.L 
 
 RUSH 
 
 PAWNE 
 
 BARTON 
 
 Isiir 
 
 LYON 
 
 FRANK 
 ANDK 
 
 nwni 
 
 L^ 
 
 HAD t 
 STAN. 
 
 (LAK. 
 
 IWT 
 
 1 ciwr 
 
 HASKJ 
 
 FORD 
 
 1 . 
 EOW. 
 
 KICWA 
 
 PRATT 
 
 RENO 
 KING. 
 
 S 
 
 HARVEY 
 EDGE 
 
 BUTLER 
 
 GREEN; 
 ELK 
 
 WOOD. 
 WILSON 
 
 ALLEK 
 NCOS. 
 
 
 BOUR 
 
 CRAW. 
 
 HORT 5 
 
 rev. 
 
 SEW 
 
 MEAD 
 
 CU1PK 
 
 COHAN. 
 
 BARStf 
 
 HARR 
 
 
 SUHNER 
 
 COW. 
 
 CHT 
 
 
 flONT 
 
 LAB. 
 
 c*.. 
 
 Hosts: Occurs on a great variety of weeds, grasses, shrubs 
 and trees. The writer has observed the nymphs very commonly 
 on Gary a ovata around Lawrence. 
 
 Gypona melanota Spangb. 
 
 Gypona melanota Spangb., Spec. Gypoiia?, p. 19, 1878. 
 
 Gypona bipunciulata Woodw., Bui. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 30, 1887. 
 
 Gypona nigra Woodw., Bui. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 31, 1887. 
 
 Gypona bipunctulaia O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 181, 1897. 
 
 Gypona melanota Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxix, p. 112, 1903. 
 
 Gypona melanota Van D., 20thJRept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 513, 1905. 
 
 Gypona bipunctvlata Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 513, 1905. 
 
 Gypona melanota Smith, Cat. Ins. N. J., end. 3, p. 101, 1910. 
 
 Gypona melanota Van D., Cat. Homip. N. A., p. 613, 1917. 
 
 Gypona melanota Gibs., Proc. I'. S. Natl. Mus., Ivi, p. 95, 1919. 
 
 Gypona Mpunctulata Gibs., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., Ivi, p. 98, 1919. 
 
 Form: This species is the most robust looking of the members of this 
 genus, being very broad and flat in proportion to its length. Length of 
 female, 9 to 11 mm.; male, 8.25 mm. Vertex, about twice as long medially 
 as next to the eye, anterior margin broadly rounding, slightly concave 
 preapically, the oblique striations very distinct. Pronotum about twice 
 as long as vertex, distinctly transversely striated. Elytra very broad, 
 slightly exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: The females are all greenish, frequently bearing a pair of 
 black spots laterally on the pronotum not quite half way back, and a
 
 104 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 black spot on base of each elytron, just under outer edge of pronotum. 
 The males may be of the same color as the females, or they may be black 
 forms. In the latter, the vertex may be partly or entirely black except 
 for light marks around the ocelli, a pair of light spots on the posterior 
 margin a little further apart than the ocelli and another pair of light 
 spots near the anterior margin a little in front of the eyes. The pronotum 
 may have the disc blackened, showing the pair of black dots, or it may 
 be entirely black except for a strip of light along the lateral margins. 
 The scutellum may have the disc blackened, or it may be entirely black 
 except for touches of light markings near the apex. The elytra are very 
 smoky, but are usually light and hyaline enough to let the black abdomen 
 show through, showing the black spot at the base, as in the female. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, longest at lat- 
 eral angles, shortest medially, posterior margin broadly concave with a 
 very small median lobe; pygofers broad and long, slightly exceeding 
 ovipositor and bearing, especially on apical half, a few coarse hairs. Male, 
 valve hidden by last ventral segment; plates broad, obliquely truncate 
 and overlapping apically, exceeded by the large pygofers which bear a 
 few stout hairs laterally. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens have been taken in Pottawatomie 
 and Douglas counties. 
 
 Hosts: Seemingly confined to native grasses. 
 
 In 1905 Professor Osborn suggested that G. melanota 
 Spangb. might be a melanotic form of G. bipunctulata Woodw. 
 Dr. Ball is of the opinion that such is the case and in his col- 
 lection are to be seen the large females and the smaller males 
 of both colors. Many of these were taken together, so there 
 seems to be no doubt as to the synonomy of these two forms. 
 
 Gypona pectoralis Spangb. 
 
 Gypona pectorali* Spangb., Spec. Gyponse, p. 46, 1878. 
 
 Gypona pectoralis Spangb., Ent. Tidskr., i, p. 33, 1881. 
 
 Gypona albimarginata Woodw., Bui. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 31, 1887. 
 
 Gypona hullensis Prov., Pet. Paune Ent. Can., iii, p. 269, 1889. 
 
 Gypona pectoralis Wirtn., Ann. Cam. Mus., iii, p. 220, 1904. 
 
 Gypona pectoralis Van D., Ottawa Nat., xxvi, p. 68, 1912. 
 
 Gypona pectoralis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 614, 1917. 
 
 Gypona pectoralis Gibs., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., Ivi, p. 94, 1919. 
 
 Form: Not as broad as preceding species. Length, 8.5 to 10.24 mm. 
 Vertex less than twice as long medially as next to the eye, broadly 
 rounded. Pronotum characteristic of the genus. Elytra long, well ex- 
 ceeding the abdomen, subcoriaceous. 
 
 Color: Brownish; vertex and pronotum having a mottled appearance 
 as does anterior portion of scutellum. Posterior portion of scutellum 
 lighter. Elytra darker than other parts, often having large or small dark 
 spots on the cross veins and sometimes on the cells. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment broad, slightly longer
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHLE. 105 
 
 than preceding segment, posterior margin truncate, with a small median 
 excision; pygofers broad and long, exceeding ovipositor, and bearing, 
 chiefly on distal half, quite a few large coarse hairs. Male, last ventral 
 segment long, semicircular, covering the valve; plates very broad and 
 obliquely truncate apically with the outer angles more prominent than 
 the rounding inner angles; pygofers about as long as the plates, narrow, 
 and covered with numerous very large hairs. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas, Pottawatomie, Sumner 
 and Montgomery counties. 
 
 Hosts: Probably a grass-feeding species. 
 
 Gypona puncticollis Spangb. 
 
 QVPO* pvncticottig Spangb., Spec. Gypona?, p. 54, 1878. 
 Gyponm pwHcticollig DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 30, 1916. 
 Gvpon* punctieollis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 615, 1917. 
 Gvponm puncticollis Gibs., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus.. Ivi, p. 98, 1919. 
 
 Form: As in preceding species. Length, 8 to 9 mm. 
 
 Color: Reddish brown with vertex, pronotum and scutellum lighter 
 than the elytra, the scutellum the lightest. Head, pronotum and basal 
 and costal portion of elytra often irrorate with red. Spot behind each 
 ocellus light brown. Pronotum with four black spots near the margin. 
 Elytra with black spot on humerus, on some of the cross veins and also in 
 some cells. 
 
 External ge nit alia: Female, last ventral segment broad and long, 
 posterior margin sinuate, lobe on median third with a median notch; 
 pygofers broad and long, exceeding ovipositor and with coarse hairs on 
 apical half. Male, genitalia as in preceding species except that last 
 ventral segment is more produced medially and the plates are longer and 
 further apart. 
 
 Distribution : Taken only in Pottawatomie and Riley coun- 
 ties. 
 
 Hosts: De Long gives Elymus virginiciis as one of the grass 
 hosts of this species. 
 
 Gypona cinerea Uhl. 
 
 Gypona cinerea Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 460, 1877. . 
 Gypona cinerea Woodw., Bui. 111. St. Lab. Nat. Hist., iii, p. 32, 1887. 
 Gypona cinerea Will., Kan. Univ. Sci. Bui., viii, p. 223, 1913. 
 Gypona cinerea Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 615, 1917. 
 Gypona cinerea Gibs., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., Ivi, p. 100, 1919. 
 
 Form: This species varies very greatly in size. Length of females 6 
 to 11 mm., males 5 to 9 mm. Vertex produced more than in other mem- 
 bers of the genus, about three times as long medially as next the eyes 
 and almost as long as the pronotum. Pronotum twice as bread as long. 
 There are long- and short-winged forms in both sexes. In the long- 
 winged females the elytra just exceed the abdomen; in the short-winged 
 forms they are exceeded by the abdomen. The elytra of the long-winged
 
 106 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 males greatly exceed the abdomen, whereas in the short-winged males the 
 elytra are shorter than the abdomen. In any case the elytra are quite 
 broad. 
 
 Color: The color varies from a light, brownish-gray to a dark ciner- 
 ous. Vertex and pronotum densely punctate with black. Vertex with 
 pair of black spots on posterior margin, a little further apart than the 
 ocelli. Pronotum often with series of anterior, submarginal dark spots. 
 Scutellum slightly punctate with fuscous, the basal angles dark. Elytra 
 very characteristically marked with fuscous, with impressed punctures 
 on either side of the nervures, and frequently having small fuscous spots 
 in the cells. Head, pronotum and scutellum sometimes lightly irrorate 
 with red. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment longer than preced- 
 ing, posterior margin with a large excavation, reaching one-third of the 
 distance to the base, the base of which bears a distinct, obtusely-pointed 
 or rounded lobe; pygofers are broad and long, exceeding the ovipositor, 
 broadest at the middle, each bearing preapically a lateral, black, impressed 
 line. In the long-winged male the last ventral segment is somewhat 
 longer than the preceding one and the posterior margin is slightly con- 
 cave and elevated; plates are long and narrow, overlapping apically, 
 about equalling the ovipositors which bear a few stout hairs on apical half. 
 In the short-winged male, the plates seem to be further covered by a 
 relatively longer last ventral segment, so that they appear shorter. In 
 the specimens examined they were not found to overlap apically. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Grant and Pottawatomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: Williams records this species as common on Buffalo 
 grass in Kansas. 
 
 Genus XEROPHLCEA Germ. 
 
 The members of this genus differ from the other members of 
 the GyponinsR in having a much flatter head, with broad thin 
 margins. They also have the apices of the elytra perpendicu- 
 lar in position rather than in the more horizontal position 
 characteristic of the other genera. 
 
 One of the two United States' species has been taken in the 
 state. 
 
 Xerophlnea viridis (Fabr.). 
 
 (PI. 10, figs. 5-6.) 
 
 Cercopis viridis Fabr., Ent. Syst., iv, p. 50, 1794. 
 Xerophlira grisea Germ., Zeits. f. Ent., i, p. 190, 1839. 
 Xerophbra virescens Stal, Of. Vet. Akad. Forh., xi, p. 253, 1854. 
 Xerophln-a viridis Stal, Hemip. Fabr., ii, p. 59, 1869. 
 Parapholis peltata Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geotj. Surv., iii, 461, 1877. 
 Xerophloea peltata G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 82, 1895. 
 
 Xtrophln-a viridis O. & B., Proc. la. Aoad. Sci., iv, p. 179, pi. 19, fig. 1, 1897. 
 Xerophltra viridis Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 512, 1905. 
 Xerophlcra viridis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 28, 1916. 
 Xerophlaea viridis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. C16, 1917. 
 Xtrnphltra riridix Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 40, 1919.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 
 
 107 
 
 Form: Wedge-shaped, robust. Length, 6 to 7.25 mm. Head very flat 
 and thin, narrower than pronotum. Vertex about twice as broad as 
 long, obtusely angular apically. Pronotum broadest at posterior lateral 
 angles, humeral margins longer than the lateral margins, sinuate, 
 roundingly angled with the posterior emarginate margin, anterior mar- 
 gin quite convex. Apex of scutellum long and acute. Elytra broad and 
 long, much exceeding abdomen and perpendicular apically. Entire dor- 
 sal surface coarsely and deeply pitted. 
 
 Color: Female bright green, elytra faded apically. Occasionally a 
 female will be very light green, very irregularly mottled all over with 
 dark brown, giving her a brownish rather than a greenish color. Males 
 are usually a dirty yellowish-green. The vertex bears a broad brown 
 median stripe which extends on to the pronotum and makes the disc and 
 posterior margin brown. Elytra with a brown spot before the clavus 
 and often with a series of smaller spots along sutural margin to the 
 apex. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment very long, as long 
 as wide, and incised medially clear to the base, forming two large approxi- 
 mate lobes; pygofers are broad and long, slightly exceeded by ovipositor, 
 and bearing short appressed hairs. Male, last ventral segment long, 
 posterior margin somewhat convex, hiding the valve; plates very long 
 and narrow, pointed apically, exceeding the short pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles large and very characteristic, basal 
 half club-shaped, then suddenly narrowed and gradually thickening to a 
 broad truncate apex with a distinct inner acutely pointed angle, the outer 
 angle being rounded; the connective is broad basally, tapering sinu- 
 ately to the apex; the oedagus has a small basal, dorsally directed proc- 
 ess followed by a sharp constriction, and terminates in a bluntly pointed 
 process, which, viewed laterally, appears triangular. 
 
 Distribution: A common form found throughout the state as 
 shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: A grass feeding species. De Long records it as es- 
 pecially abundant on Aristida gracilis.
 
 108 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Subfamily JASSIN^ (A. & S.). 
 
 In this subfamily are included a great variety of forms and 
 more than three times as many species as in the preceding sub- 
 families combined. It is rather hard to give distinct charac- 
 teristics for the group for it contains a very heterogeneous 
 mass of species. The members of one of its tribes frequently 
 lack ocelli, a condition not found in the other subfamilies. In 
 the other tribes the ocelli are on or very near the margin of the 
 vertex and thus these two tribes differ from the members of 
 the other subfamilies where the ocelli are either on the front, 
 below the margin of the vertex, or on the disc of the vertex, 
 above the margin. 
 
 KEY TO THE TRIBES. 
 
 A. Ocelli either just above margin of vertex or distant from the 
 
 eyes. Acucephalini, 
 
 AA. Ocelli, if present, on margin of vertex and not distant from the eyes. 
 
 B. Nervures of elytra branching on disc. Jassini. 
 
 BB. Nervures of elytra not branching on disc. Typhlocybini. 
 
 Tribe ACUCEPHALINI (Dohrn). 
 
 The members of this tribe are in the main broad, robust 
 forms in which the ocelli are either situated just above the 
 margin of the vertex, or on the margin, but much further from 
 the eyes than is normally their situation for the members of 
 the tribe Jassini. 
 
 KEY TO GENERA. 
 
 A. Head flattened, vertex long, distinctly angled apically. 
 
 Memnonia. 
 AA. Head conical, vertex shorter, rounded apically. 
 
 B. Head moderately long, pronotum not produced beyond anterior 
 
 margin of eyes. Xestocephalus. 
 
 BB. Head short, pronotum produced beyond anterior margin of 
 
 eyes. Nionia. 
 
 Genus MEMNONIA Ball. 
 
 The following is the original description of the genus : "Gen- 
 eral form of Acucephalus, vertex convex, sloping, nearly right 
 angled, about half as long as the width across the eyes, the an- 
 terior margin thick, ocelli on the margin above the frontal 
 sutures, distant from the eyes ; face convex, forming an acute 
 angle with the vertex, front above broad, narrowing below and 
 abruptly rounding to the parallel margined clypeus ; pronotum 
 as long or longer than vertex, strongly, transversely wrinkled, 
 the lateral margins less than half the middle length, anterior
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 109 
 
 and posterior margins nearly parallel ; elytra macropterous, 
 covering the abdomen in the male and all but the ovipositor in 
 the female, with long apical cells and a narrow appendix, or 
 brachypterous, covering about two-thirds of the abdomen, the 
 apical cells very small ; under wings rudimentary ; venation, the 
 inner branch of the first sector tied to the second sector near its 
 origin, again forking near the middle, its outer form tied to the 
 outer branch beyond its middle, anteapical cells of very dif- 
 ferent lengths." 
 
 One of the two American forms has been taken in Kansas, 
 but both are likely to be found. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Females larger, 4 mm. or more, greenish-brown, ovipositor well ex- 
 
 seited; males 3 mm. long, black. consobrina. 
 
 AA. Females smaller, 3.5 mm. or less, creamy buff, ovipositor shorter, 
 
 male similar to female in size and color. fratema. 
 
 Memnonia consobrina Ball. 
 
 Memnonia consobrina Ball, Kept. la. Acad. Sci. for 1899, p. 66, pi. 5, figs. 6-10, 1900. 
 Memnonia consobrina Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 621, 1917. 
 
 Form: Females larger than males. Former robust, widest at begin- 
 ning of posterior half. Length, 4 to 4.25 mm. Males smaller. Length, 3 
 mm. Vertex twice longer on middle than against eyes, more pointed in 
 males. Pronotum twice wider than long. Elytra covering the abdomen 
 in the males and in some females, leaving part of abdomen exposed in 
 other females. 
 
 Color: Females, vertex, pronotum and scutellum yellowish-green, 
 elytra brownish. Males black with white spots in a row across the ante- 
 apical cells. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment nearly three times 
 as long as preceding, posterior margin emarginate, with a distinct median 
 lobe; pygofers tapering greatly caudad and much exceeded by the ovi- 
 positor which bears a few hairs apically. Male, valve small, triangular, 
 plates together about half as wide as ultimate segment, long, tapering to 
 acute tip; pygofers slightly exceeding plates, bearing large coarse hairs 
 on margins. 
 
 Distribution: Has not yet been taken in the state. 
 Hosts: Ball reports this species as breeding on Schedon- 
 nardiLS texanus and Muhlenbergia gracUlima. 
 
 Memnonia fratema Ball. 
 
 Memnonia fratema Ball, Kept. la. Acad. Sci. for 1899, p. 67, 1900. 
 Memnonia fraterna Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 621, 1917. 
 
 Form: Smaller than consobrina, all forms brachypterous. Length, ;i 
 to 3.5 mm. Vertex about two-thirds as long as basal width, pronotum of 
 about the same length. Elytra broad and short, exposing last abdominal 
 segment and pygofers.
 
 110 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Color: Creamy buff, seemingly covered with a whitish bloom; apical 
 nervures and posterior margin of abdominal segments fuscous. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment slightly larger than 
 in consobrina; ovipositor usually but slightly exceeding the posteriorly 
 tapered pygofers. Male, valve small, triangular, plates similar to conso- 
 brina but shorter, much exceeded by the stout pygofers which bear a few 
 stout spines on the apical half. 
 
 Distribution: Taken only in Reno county. 
 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball reports this species on the same plants as 
 consobrina. 
 
 Genus XESTOCEPHALUS Van D. 
 
 The members of this genus are ovate in form with the head 
 narrower than the pronotum, subconical, the vertex sloping, 
 and with the ocelli on the rounded anterior margin of the head, 
 distant from the eyes. Pronotum narrow, over twice as wide 
 as long, anterior and posterior margins about parallel and with 
 distinct lateral and humeral margins. Scutellum large, nearly 
 as long as the pronotum. Elytra almost coriaceous, long, 
 greatly exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Two of the three species of this genus which likely occur in 
 Kansas have been collected in the state. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Vertex marked with distinct yellow lines. pulicarius. 
 AA. Vertex without distinct yellow lines. 
 
 B. Vertex practically unicolorous. superbus. 
 
 BB. Vertex irrorate, brown and yellow. tessellatus. 
 
 Xestocephalus pulicarius Van D. 
 
 Xestocephalus pidicari-u 
 Xestocephalus pulicariit 
 Xestocephalus pulicarht 
 Xestocephalux pulicdrni 
 Xestocephalus pulicariii 
 XestocephaluH pulicariv. 
 Xestocephalus jndicarin 
 
 Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., v, pp. 197, 215, 1894. 
 
 O. & B., Proc. la. Acnd. Sci., iv, p. 284, 1897. 
 
 Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 515, 1905. 
 
 Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 109, 1915. 
 
 DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 35, 1916. 
 
 Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 621, 1917. 
 
 Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 46, 1919. 
 
 Form: The smallest of the three species mentioned. Length, 2.5 to 
 3 mm. Head subconical, vertex rounded, more than twice as broad as 
 long. Pronotum twice as broad as long, half longer than vertex. Elytra 
 large, broad and very long, greatly exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Brown, marked with yellow. Vertex with yellow spots on apex 
 and next each eye, latter connected by an m-shaped line on the disc of 
 the vertex, posterior margin yellow. Pronotum with four yellow anterior 
 submarginal spots and scattered spots on disc. Scutellum with two 
 anterior median yellow spots. Elytra with many yellow spots of various 
 sizes.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. Ill 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over twice as long 
 as preceding one, with posterior margin broadly though shallowly emargi- 
 nate; pygofers broad but short, bearing only coarse spines, especially on 
 apical half, exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment longer 
 laterally than medially; valve very small; plates about twice as long 
 as last ventral segment, broad basally, tapering apically to obtuse apices, 
 bearing many long fine hairs and a few stout spines, slightly exceeded 
 by the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: This species has been taken in Cherokee, 
 Douglas, Pottawatomie and Hodgeman counties. 
 
 Hosts: Van Duzee reports this species from swampy pas- 
 tures where Car ex vulpinoidea abounds. De Long reports it 
 on grasses throughout Tennessee. 
 
 Xestocephalus superbus (Prov.) 
 
 Deltocephalus superbus P 
 Xestocephalus fulvocapita 
 Xestocephalus fulvocapita 
 Xestocephalus superbus "V 
 Xestocephalus fulvocapita 
 
 ov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., iii, p. 339, 1890. 
 
 us Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., v, pp. 197, 215, 1894. 
 
 is Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 515, 1905. 
 
 n D., Can. Enf., xliv, p. 329, 1912. 
 us Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 109, 1915. 
 
 Xestocephalus fulvocapitatus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 35, 1916. 
 Xestocephalus superbus Van D., Cat'. Hemip. N. A., p. 622, 1917. 
 
 Form: Larger and more robust than pulicarius. Length of female, 
 3.5 mm., length of male, 2.25 mm. or more. Otherwise like pulicarius. 
 
 Color: Head, pronotum and scutellum almost unicolorously brown. 
 Elytra distinctly marked with semi-transparent spots on corium and 
 apically, latter more or less coalescent. 
 
 Genitalia: As in pulicarius. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas and Pottawatomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: This is also reported as living on Car ex. 
 
 Xestocephalus tessellatus Van D. 
 
 Xestocephalus tessellaius Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., v, p. 216, 1894. 
 Xestocephalus tessellatus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 35, 1916. 
 Xestocephalus tessellaius Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 622, 1917. 
 Xestocephalus tessellatus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 47, 1919. 
 
 Form: The largest of the species of this genus that should occur in 
 Kansas. Length, 4 mm. Otherwise form of preceding species. 
 
 Color: Vertex and pronotum brown, irrorate with white. Scutellum 
 with basal angles dark. ^Elytra with nervures alternating brown and 
 white and with two large brown spots on costal margin and five large 
 apical spots. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment with posterior mar- 
 gin slightly concave and slightly notched medially. Male, valve hidden 
 by last ventral segment; plates strongly narrowed from near the base 
 to a slender point. 
 
 Distribution: Not yet reported from this state. 
 Hosts: Gibson and Cogan report taking specimens from elm 
 leaves.
 
 112 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Genus NIONIA Ball. 
 
 In this genus the vertex is very short, produced medially 
 till twice as long as next the eye. Ocelli distant from eyes. 
 Pronotum long, anterior margin produced beyond anterior 
 margin of eyes, posterior margin emarginated medially, 
 coarsely punctured. Elytra moderately long, slightly exceed- 
 ing abdomen, veins margined with lines of coarse deep punc- 
 tures. 
 
 Nionia palmer i (Van D.). 
 
 Goniagnathvs palmeri Van D., Can. Ent., xxiii, p. 171, 1891. 
 
 Ooniagnathus palmeri Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 529, 1905. 
 
 Goniagnathus palmeri Osb., Ohio Nat., v, p. 274, 1905. 
 
 Nionia palmeri Ball, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxviii, p. 166, 1915. 
 
 Qoniagnathus palmeri DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 33, 1916. 
 
 Nionia palmeri Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 622, 1917. 
 
 .Vionia palmeri Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 46, 1919. 
 
 Form: Much like a Mucropsis in general appearance but stouter. 
 Length, 4 mm. Vertex very short except medially where it is produced 
 till twice as long as next the eye. Pronotum with anterior margin 
 greatly produced, reaching far beyond anterior margin of eyes, lateral 
 margins practically none, posterior margin emarginate. Scutellum large, 
 about as long as wide, punctate. Elytra broad and moderately long, 
 nervures margined with coarse punctures. 
 
 Color: Shining black except for brownish apices of elytra, antennae 
 and' tarsi. 
 
 External gcnitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as pre- 
 ceding, posterior margin slightly produced medially; pygofers broad and 
 short, exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, valve covered by last ventral 
 segment, plates tapering to acute apices. 
 
 Distribution: Reported from Cherokee, Pottawatomie and 
 Riley counties. 
 Hosts: Definite host unknown. 
 
 Tribe JASSINI (Dohrn). 
 
 This is a very heterogeneous tribe, but all its members have 
 the ocelli on the margin of the vertex near the eyes, and the 
 nervures of the elytra branch on the disc. 
 
 Of the 34 genera of the tribe known to occur in America 
 north of Mexico, we have 24 genera in Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO GENERA. 
 
 A. Head flattened, anterior margin thin, sharp, or foliaceous. 
 JB. Head, at least in female, strongly foliaceous. 
 
 C. Head about twice as long as width across the eyes ; head 
 
 of both male and female foliaceous. Dorycephalus 
 
 CC. Head about as long as width across the eyes; head of 
 
 male distinctly less foliaceous than head of female.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLIDJE. 113 
 
 A. Head flattened concluded. 
 
 D. Species unstriped or with longitudinal yellow 
 stripes on vertex and pronotum; females brachyp- 
 terous. Hecalus. 
 
 DD. Species with converging red lines on vertex and 
 pronotum, both sexes macropterous. 
 
 Spang bergie lla . 
 BB. Head thin but not foliaceous. 
 
 C. Greenish species, elytra not ramosely pigmented. 
 
 Parabolocratus. 
 
 CC. Brownish species, elytra more or less ramosely pig- 
 mented. Dicyphonia. 
 
 AA. Head not flattened, anterior margin neither sharp nor foliaceous. 
 B. Vertex longer than wide or not much wider than long, disc 
 flattened, separated from front by more or less of a distinct 
 margin. 
 
 C. Elytra with three anteapical cells. 
 
 D. One cross vein between sectors of elytra. 
 
 Scaphoidcus. 
 
 DD. Usually two cross veins between the sectors of 
 elytra. 
 E. Vertex greatly produced and acutely angled, 
 
 front long and narrow. Platymetopius. 
 EE. Vertex moderately produced, front broad, 
 
 clypeus narrowed at tip. Deltocephalus. 
 CC. Elytra with two anteapical cells. Lonatura. 
 
 BB. Vertex usually much wider than long, disc sloping and margin 
 rounding to front. 
 
 C. Inner sector of elytra twice forked, elytra with three 
 anteapical cells. 
 
 D. Inner branch of first sector forking on disc of 
 corium. 
 
 E. Elytra usually short, seldom longer than ab- 
 domen, often very short, vertex large. 
 F. Ovipositor long, exceeding pygofers. 
 
 G. Gray, or with golden iridescence. 
 
 Aconura. 
 GG. Black or dark species. 
 
 Driotura. 
 
 FF. Ovipositor short, seldom exceeding py- 
 gofers. Euscelis. 
 EE. Elytra longer, usually distinctly exceeding 
 abdomen; vertex smaller. 
 F. Elytra marked with fine ramose pig- 
 ment lines, or, if not, with transverse 
 furrow on vertex. 
 
 G. Ramose lines, if present, restricted 
 to a cross band behind middle of 
 elytra. 
 
 H. Elytra with one cross ner- 
 vure between sectors. 
 Eutettix.
 
 114 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 A A. Head not flattened concluded. 
 
 HH. Elytra with two cross ner- 
 vures between the sectors or 
 supernumerary veinlets to 
 costa or both. 
 I. Anterior margin of ver- 
 tex rounding to front, 
 no black line under ver- 
 tex. Aligia. 
 II. Anterior margin of ver- 
 tex acutely angled with 
 front, black line under 
 vertex. Mesamia. 
 
 GG. Ramose lines always present, not 
 restricted to transverse band. 
 Phlepsius. 
 
 FF. Elytra not marked with ramose pig- 
 ment lines. 
 G. Elytra with apex pointed. 
 
 Acinopterus. 
 GG. Elytra with apex rounded. 
 
 H. Vertex usually distinctly 
 longer medially than next 
 the eye, sides of pronotum 
 short; species usually slen- 
 der. Thamnotettix 
 HH. Vertex usually not much 
 longer medially -than next 
 the eye, sides of pronotum 
 longer ; species usually 
 broad and green. 
 
 Chlorotettix. 
 
 DD. Inner branch of first sector not forked on disc of 
 corium. 
 E. Vertex not produced, scutellum very large. 
 
 Jassus. 
 
 EE. Vertex well produced, scutellum smaller. 
 
 Neoccelidia. 
 
 CC. Inner sector of elytra not forked, elytra with two ante- 
 apical cells. 
 
 D. Wing with 3 apical cells. Cicadula. 
 
 DD. Wing with 2 apical cells. 
 
 E. Head narrower than pronotum. 
 
 Balclutha. 
 EE. Head wider than pronotum. 
 
 Eugnathodus. 
 
 Genus DORYCEPHALUS Kirsch. 
 
 This genus is at once characterized by the unusually pro- 
 longed foliaceous vertex. They are grayish or brownish, stick- 
 like insects, especially the brachypterous forms. 
 
 Both the North American species occur in Kansas.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 115 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Head broadly foliaceous, elytra more than half the length of the 
 
 abdomen in both sexes. platyrhynchus. 
 
 AA. Head narrowly foliaceous, elytra less than half the length of the 
 
 abdomen in both sexes. vanduzei. 
 
 Dorycephalus platyrhynchus Osb. 
 
 Dorticcphalus sp.. Osh., Proc. la. Acad. Sei., i, pt. 2, p. 127, 1892. 
 Duriifephalux i>lat)irh t inchu* Osb., Can. Ent., xxvi, p. 216, 1894. 
 
 Dorycephalus platyrhynchus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., p. 185, pi. 20, fig. 1, 1897. 
 Dorycephalus platyrhynchun Ball, la. Acad. Sci., for 1899, p. 68, 1900. 
 Dorycephalus platyrhynchus Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 65, fig. 7, 
 1912. 
 
 Dorycephalus platyrhynchus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 623, 1917. 
 
 Form: Long forms, characterized by the very broad, flat head. Length, 
 female, 14.5 mm. ; male, 9 mm. Female, vertex about twice as long as 
 width across eyes, very flat and with a longitudinal median carina. Prc 
 thorax more than twice as broad as long, with five elevated longitudinal 
 ridges, anterior margin sinuate, lateral margins long and parallel, po& 
 terior margin emarginate medially. Elytra strongly veined, extending 
 to fourth abdominal segment, or longer, extending to last segment, leav- 
 ing only a part of the pygofers and ovipositor exposed. Abdomen long 
 and tapering, ending in a long ovipositor. Male, vertex shorter, elytrt 
 long, equalling the tip of the pygofers. 
 
 Color: Female, pale yellow, with carina on vertex darker, the dark 
 stripe sometimes extending on to the middle of the pronotum and the 
 scutellum. Lateral portions of vertex and pronotum often mottled with 
 brown. Visible abdominal segments with a pair of usually basal brown 
 spots dorsally. Males darker, grayish-brown, vertex and pronotum 
 mottled with brown in addition to the median dark line. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment longer than preced- 
 ing, posterior margin truncate, somewhat sinuate, with a small, but dis- 
 tinct, rounded median tooth; pygofers very long, tapering from broad 
 base to acute apex, much exceeded by the very long and stout ovipositor. 
 Male, valve small, just visible from under the large last ventral segment; 
 plates at base about half the width of the last ventral segment, tapering 
 rapidly to the long and slender apices; pygofers broad at base but taper- 
 ing regularly to acute apex, the two together forming a triangle about 
 twice as long as the plates, bearing a scant covering of short hairs. 
 
 Distribution: Taken only in Gove and Sumner counties but 
 should occur throughout the state. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball give Elymus canadensis and virgini- 
 cus as the chief grass hosts. It also occurs on Aristida.
 
 116 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Dorycephalus vanduzei O. & B. 
 
 DoryceplialnM vnndtizei O. & B., Proc. Dnv. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 74, pi. 6, fig. 2, 1898. 
 I)oraff)>liuliix nmdiizri Bull, K.-pt. la. Acad. Sci. for 1899, p. 68, 1900. 
 Dorycephahm randuzri Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., ix, p. 216, 1909. 
 Doryeephalttg vanduu-i Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 623, 1917. 
 
 Form : More slender than the preceding species, being about ten times 
 as long as wide. Length, female, 13 to 14 mm. ; male, 8.5 to 12 mm. Fe- 
 male, vertex about two and a half times as long as width across eyes, 
 with three longitudinal carinie. Pronotum nearly three-fourths as long 
 as wide, with three longitudinal carinse, and posterior margin net quite 
 concave in front of scutellum. Elytra strongly veined, very short, reach- 
 ing only to third abdominal segment. Abdomen very long and acutely 
 tapering posteriorly. Male, smaller and narrower than the female, elytra 
 very shcrt, abdomen long and slender, terminated by the very long 
 pygofers. 
 
 Color: Female, straw yellow, frequently unmarked, often with black 
 median spots on anterior and posterior margins of pronotum and apex of 
 scutellum and four on each abdominal segment, arranged in two dorsal 
 and two more lateral rows. Male, darker than the female, vertex tipped 
 with black and with basal black spot as well as with the spots on pro- 
 notum and scutellum, as in the female. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about as long as 
 the preceding, posterior margin slightly produced medially; pygofers re- 
 markably long, their tips divergent below, and fringed with fine hairs. 
 Male, last ventral segment short, about two-thirds as long as preceding, 
 valve very small, triangular, plates nearly as broad at base as last ventral 
 segment, very long and slender apically; pygofers very long and slender, 
 over four times as long as the plates, divergent below for the greater part 
 of their length, and covered with fine hairs. 
 
 Distribution: Reported from Pottawatomie and Hamilton 
 counties. 
 
 Hosts: Aristida purpurea is given as the host plant by Os- 
 born and Ball. 
 
 Genus HECALUS Stal. 
 
 In this genus the females have broad, rather parallel-mar- 
 gined heads which are quite foliaceous but not to the extent 
 seen in the two members of Dorycephalus. The males have a 
 much shorter and pointed head, not at all or much less folia- 
 ceous than in the females. 
 
 One member of this genus has been taken in the state, but 
 two should occur. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Straw colored forms, rarely striped. bracteatus. 
 
 AA. Greenish forms, with longitudinal, yellowish or reddish stripes. 
 
 lineatus.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 117 
 
 Hecalus bracteatus Ball. 
 
 Hecalus bracteatus Ball, Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 4 ( 1901. 
 Hecalus bracteatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 624, 1917. 
 
 Form: Females long and oval, males smaller, resembling a long- 
 headed Deltocephalus. Length, females, 7 mm.; males, 5 mm. Female, 
 head not quite as long as width across the eyes, margin foliaceous. Pro- 
 notum over twice as broad as long, lateral margins long, posterior angles 
 slightly produced, posterior margin slightly emarginate medially. Elytra 
 short, covering first abdominal segment. Male, vertex roundingly tri- 
 angular, one-third broader than long, margin not at all foliaceous. 
 Elytra narrow and long, much exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Females, straw colored, abdomen with narrow median fuscous 
 line and four, broader, lateral lines which are bordered with fuscous 
 lines. Male, milky white, often with five fuscous stripes on vertex and 
 pronotum. Broad, whitish nervures of elytra thickly margined with 
 fuscous dots. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment slightly longer than 
 preceding, posterior segment broadly emarginate, with very small median 
 lobe; pygofers widest at about one-third the distance from their base, then 
 tapering to acute apex which equals the ovipositor. Male, valve large, 
 triangular; plates broad at base; together forming a triangle about as 
 long as broad, margins straight, armed with a row of stout spines; 
 pygofers small, much exceeded by the plates. 
 
 Distribution: Should occur in western Kansas. 
 Hosts: A grass feeder, but definite host unknown. 
 Hecalus lineatus (Uhl.). 
 
 Glossocratus lineatus Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 463, 1877. 
 Glossocratus fenstratus Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 464, 1877. 
 Glossocratus fenstratus Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 5, ix, p. 268, 1879; x, p. -12, 
 pi. 1, fig. 37, 1880. 
 
 Hecalus lineatus Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 5, ix, p. 267, pi. 7, fig. 25, 1879. 
 Hecalus lineatus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 188, pi. 20, fig. 2, 1897. 
 Hecalus lineattis Ball, Rept. la. Acad. Sci., for 1899, p. 68, 1900. 
 Hecalus lineatus Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 64, fig. 6, 1912. 
 Hecalus lineatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 624, 1917. 
 
 Form: Intermediate between Dorycephalus and Spangbergiella. 
 Rather large, flat forms, with smaller males. Length, female, 10.5 to 13 
 mm.; male, 7 to 8 mm. Female, vertex about as long as width across 
 eyes, slightly narrowed in front of eyes, then widening to spoon-shaped 
 tip which is quite foliaceous and slightly reflexed. Pronotum over twice 
 as broad as long, lateral margins long and parallel, posterior margin con- 
 cave in front of scutellum. Scutellum broad and short. The elytra may 
 be short, leaving last three segments of abdomen exposed, or long, expos- 
 ing only the pygofers. In the smaller long-winged forms, the vertex does 
 not widen in front of the eyes and is shorter. Ovipositor is long and 
 exserted. Male, vertex not as long as width across eyes, more acute 
 anteriorly and not as foliaceous as in the females.
 
 118 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Color: Bright green with four parallel orange-red lines on head, pro- 
 notum and scutellum. Nervures of elytra also orange-red and abdomen 
 also striped. In the long-winged males there is a black band across the 
 wings about medially and a larger apical one, between which is a white or 
 hyaline area; the pygofers are black. In the short-winged males there is 
 just a suggestion of a black band across the tips of the wings and the 
 pygofers are often merely tipped with black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than 
 preceding segment, posterior margin sinuate on either side of a short, 
 rounding, median lobe; pygofers broad at base, acute apically. greatly 
 exceeded by the very long, apically haired ovipositor. Male, valve very 
 small, triangular; plates wide at base, tapering regularly to long, acute, 
 upturned and frequently overlapping tips; pygofers very characteristic 
 of the species, being very long and style-like, ending in two widely 
 separated and acute apices, finely serrate along inner margin and bearing, 
 laterally, a brush of long spines in front of the middle, with a few along 
 apical portion of dorsal margin and a brush at the apex. 
 
 Distribution: Occurs in the eastern portion of the state, as 
 shown by the following map : 
 
 Genus SPANGBERGIELLA Sign. 
 
 This genus stands between Hecalus and Parabolocratus, the 
 head not being as foliaceous as in the former genus, and thin- 
 ner than in the latter. The head of the female is much pro- 
 duced and foliaceous, but in the male the head is shorter and 
 thicker. Very characteristic of the genus are the bright red 
 converging lines on the vertex and pronotum. The elytra are 
 always long.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^:. 119 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Head broadly rounded anteriorly, foliaceous in female, oblique 
 
 stripes of pronotum not in line with those of vertex, vulnerata. 
 
 AA. Head distinctly acute, not foliaceous in female, oblique stripes of 
 
 pronotum nearly in line with those of vertex. mexicana. 
 
 SpangbergieUa vulnerata (Uhl.). 
 
 Glossocratus vulnerata Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 464, 1877. 
 Glossocratus lacertas Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Soc. Fr., ser. 5, ix, pi. 8, fig. 29, 1879. 
 SpangbergieUa vulnerata Sign., Ann. Ent. Soc. Fr., ser. 5, ix, p. 274, 1879. 
 SpangbergieUa vulnerata Uhl., Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 247, 1884. 
 SpangbergieUa vulnerata Ball, Rept. la. Acad. Sci. for 1899, p. 68, 1900. 
 SpangbergieUa vulnerata Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 516, 1905. 
 SpangbergieUa vulnerata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 624, 1917. 
 Spangbergiella vulnerata Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 50, 1919. 
 
 Form: Larger than following species, broad. Length, female, 7.25 to 
 8 mm. ; male, 5.5 mm. Vertex of female about as long as width across the 
 eyes, broadly rounded apically and foliaceous. Vertex of male about two- 
 thirds as long as basal width between eyes, rounded apically, not at all 
 foliaceous. Pronotum twice as wide as long, posterior margin emarginate 
 in front of scutellum, with distinct humeral margins. Elytra long, leav- 
 ing only tip of ovipositor exposed and exceeding the abdomen in the male. 
 
 Color: Greenish or yellowish-green. Vertex with two converging red 
 lines which start from near the eyes. Pronotum with median red line on 
 posterior half and a pair of converging lines which start from the inner 
 angle of the humeral margin and extend across to the anterior margin to 
 points that divide the distance between the bases of the lines on the 
 vertex into equal thirds. Scutellum either unicolorous or with three faint 
 yellow stripes. Elytra either unicolorous or with nervures slightly 
 orange-yellow. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment longer than preced- 
 ing, truncate posteriorly; pygofers acutely tapering posteriorly, exceeded 
 by ovipositor. Male, valve small, rounded, plates broad at base, tapering 
 to long acute tips, margins with few spines near the base; pygofers acute 
 apically, slightly longer than plates, covered with coarse spines. 
 
 Distribution: Collected in Labette county. 
 Hosts: Probably a grass feeder. 
 
 SpangbergieUa mexicana Bak. 
 
 Spangbergiella rnrxwann Bak., Can. Ent., xxix, p. 157, 1897. 
 SpangbergieUa mexicana Barb., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist,, xxxiii, p. 533, 1914. 
 SpangbergieUa rulnerata DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 36, 1916. 
 Spangbergiella mexicana Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 625, 1917. 
 SpangbergieUa mexicana DeL., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 233, 1918. 
 Spangbergiellu mexicaua Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 50, 1919. 
 
 Form: Smaller than vulnerata. Length, 5 to 6.5 mm. Vertex about 
 as long as basal width, shorter in the male, acutely pointed, not at all 
 foliaceous. Pronotum about twice as broad as long, narrowed ante- 
 riorly, humeral margins distinct, posterior margin slightly concave. 
 Elytra long, reaching ovipositor in female, exceeding abdomen in male.
 
 120 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Color: Pale or yellowish-green. Vertex with two oblique red lines, 
 nearly in line with a pair on pronotum which also bears a median basal 
 red line. Elytra with veins, except apical ones, yellow or red, with 
 black dots at end of claval suture, a pair near inner and outer margins 
 apically and sometimes one almost two-thirds back on costal margin. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, posterior margin slightly rounding; acutely tapering pygofers 
 much exceeded by ovipositor, both pygofers and ovipositor with a few 
 stout spines. Male, last ventral segment broader and longer than pre- 
 ceding, widest posteriorly and with posterior margin broadly concave; 
 valve small and triangular ; plates about half as wide basally as last ven- 
 tral segment, sinuately tapering to acute upturned apices, margined with 
 stout spines; pygofers broad, much exceeding plates, separated ventrally 
 at apex and covered with stout spines. 
 
 Distribution: Seemingly more abundant than preceding 
 species. Specimens have been taken in Cherokee, Douglas, Mc- 
 Pherson and Pottawatomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: Taken on grasses in rather open woods. 
 
 Genus PARABOLOCRATUS Fieb. 
 
 The members of this genus differ from the preceding genera 
 of the Dorydiaria in not having foliaceous heads, which in- 
 stead are parabolic in outline in the female, produced angu- 
 larly, and in the male, wider than long. They are uniformly 
 greenish or yellowish-green species, with both brachypterous 
 and macropterous females and macropterous males. 
 
 Three of the North American species should occur in the 
 state, two of which have been collected here. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Female vertex broadly rounded; male vertex with thin margins 
 
 often lined with black beneath. viridis. 
 
 AA. Female vertex more or less angulate; male vertex with thicker mar- 
 gins and never lined with black beneath. 
 B. Female vertex thin-margined; males yellowish-green, over 5 
 
 mm. in length. flavidus. 
 
 BB. Female vertex thick margined; male brownish-green, less than 
 
 4 mm. in length. brunneus. 
 
 Parabolocratus viridis (Uhl.). 
 
 Glossocratus viridis Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 462, 1877. 
 Gypona reverta (Uhler MS.), Hayden's Surv. Tenn., Rept. for 1870, p. 472, 1872. 
 Parabolocntus viridis Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 5, ix, p. 275, pi. 8, fig. 30, 1879. 
 Selenocephalu* cyperacee (Fitch MS.) Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 5, ix, pp. 88, 275. 
 1879. 
 
 I'araboloc rai.ua viridis Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 175, 1892. 
 Parabolocratus riridis G. & B., Heniip. Colo., p. 84, 1895. 
 
 Parabolocratus viridis O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 189, pi. 21, fig. 1, 1897. 
 Parnbolocratug viridis Ball, Rept. la. Acad. Sci. for 1899, p. 71, 1900.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID>E. 
 
 121 
 
 1'arabolccratus riridis Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 515, 1905. 
 I'arabolncratvs viridix Gibs., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 68, fig. 8, 19V-i. 
 Parabolocratus viridis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 37. 1916. 
 rarabolocratus viridis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 625, 1917. 
 
 Form: The largest of the members of this genus. Length, females, 6 
 to 8.25 mm. ; males, 5 to 6 mm. Vertex of female broadly rounding, thin- 
 margined, two-thirds as long as width between eyes. Vertex of male 
 distinctly angular, thin-margined, about two-thirds as wide as long. 
 Pronotum over twice as broad as long, lateral margins long and parallel, 
 humeral margins distinct, posterior margin emarginate. Scutellum large 
 and broad. Elytra of female either short and broad, exposing last two 
 segments of abdomen, or long and narrower, just showing ovipositor, 
 apically broadly rounded. Elytra of male long and narrow, exceeding 
 abdomen. 
 
 Color: Yellowish-green, with nervures of elytra a bright green. 
 Vertex of male often with black line under margin. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last vential segment longer than preced- 
 ing, lateral margins parallel, posterior margin rounded, with sometimes 
 a wide but very short lobe on median third; pygofers tapering acutely, 
 exceeded by ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment longer than preced- 
 ing, widest posteriorly; valve small and triangular; plates wide basally, 
 tapering suddenly at basal third and then evenly to long acute tips, median 
 half of lateral margins with coarse spines; pygofers broad, separated 
 ventrally at the apices, exceeding the plates and covered with spines. 
 
 Distribution: Found throughout the northern and eastern 
 portions of the state as shown by the following map : 
 
 CHtrriW 
 
 E RAALINS 
 
 DECATu 
 
 NO*. 
 
 PHILL 
 
 SriTH 
 
 Jt.VE.L 
 
 REPUD 
 
 WASH 
 
 HARSH 
 
 NCH. 
 
 h'Jl 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 L 
 
 A 
 
 SHIRHA 
 
 N THOHAS 
 
 SH:P; 
 
 GRAM 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSS 
 
 MITCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 \> 
 CUW = 
 
 DICK J: 
 
 1- 
 
 *~n 
 
 
 ' 
 
 TC> 
 
 EFf LEA 
 
 WALLACt 
 
 LOGAN 
 
 GOVE 
 
 TREGO 
 
 CLLIS 
 
 PUSS 
 
 LNC 
 
 OT1LAVM 
 
 SHAW*-- 
 OSAOE 
 
 corrci 
 
 p-L 
 
 DOU6 
 
 PI 
 
 CLL5YY 
 
 SALINE 
 
 GREUT 
 
 ma 
 
 5;a:r 
 
 LflNE 
 
 NESS 
 
 RUSH 
 
 BARTW 
 
 RICE, 
 
 ri'PHER 
 
 HA 
 
 R10N | CHASE 
 
 LM 
 
 FSASK 
 
 nixm 
 
 HAH 
 
 (CAR. 
 
 "' 
 
 ^ 
 
 HODGE 
 
 PAWNEC 
 1 . 
 
 twl 
 
 |STAF 
 
 RENO 
 
 
 HARVCr 
 
 MM 
 
 Ll^'V 
 
 * 
 
 row 
 
 
 
 BUTLER 
 
 M 
 
 WJOD 
 
 ALLEN 
 
 30UR 
 
 STAN. 
 
 ma 
 
 HASK 
 
 ** 
 
 PPATT 
 
 KING. 
 
 SCDGE 
 
 
 
 ELK 
 
 VILSON 
 
 NEOS 
 
 CRAW 
 
 nORT s 
 
 rev. 
 
 JEW 
 
 
 
 aw 
 
 CCrtAN. 
 
 BARSEf 
 
 HASP 
 
 SJ 8 
 
 co.v 
 
 LHAdT 
 
 HONT 
 
 LAB 
 
 of, 
 
 Hosts: A grass feeder. Taken by the writer on coarse 
 grasses on low land.
 
 122 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Parabolocratus ftavidus Sign. 
 
 I'arabolocratx* flat-Ma* Sign., Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 5, ix, p. 276, pi. 8, fig. 31, 1870. 
 I'arnbotocratiiH flaridus Ball, Kept. la. Acad. Sci. for 1899, p. 71, 1900. 
 ]'(ir(ibol(><-r(itn.t flavidvs DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 37, 1916. 
 I'atalwlocratitx flaritlttt Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 625, 1919. 
 Parabolocratu* flavidus Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 8, p. 183, 1918. 
 Parabolocratus flavidus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 48, 1919. 
 
 Fortn: Somewhat narrower than viridis. Length, 5 to 6.25 mm. Ver- 
 tex in both sexes distinctly angularly produced, about three-fourths as 
 long as wide, concave, margins rather sharp. Pronotum characteristic 
 of the genus. Elytra long, exceeding the abdomen, frequently a black 
 spot at tip of clavus and another at tip of inner apical cell. 
 
 Color: Yellowish-green. Elytra with greenish nervures and frequently 
 with brownish apices. Tip of ovipositor reddish. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment very long, posterior 
 margin roundingly produced; pygofers short, much exceeded by the 
 spiny-tipped ovipositor. Male, valve very small, triangular; plates broad 
 at base, spiny, lateral margins concavely tapering to long acute tips; 
 pygofers much exceeding plates and thickly covered with long spines. 
 
 Distribution: Fairly common over the state, as shown by 
 the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Taken on coarse grasses on low land. 
 Parabolocratus brunneus Ball. 
 
 Parabolocratus brvnneus Ball., Kept. la. Acad. Sci. for 1899, p. 71, 1900. 
 Parabolocratus brunneue Van D., Hemip. N. A., p. 626, 1917. 
 
 Form: Smaller than other members of the genus. Length, female, 
 6 mm.; male, 3.5 to 4 mm. Vertex relatively shorter than in preceding 
 species, but in both sexes the margin is quite thick. The elytra may either 
 reach the last ventral abdominal segment, or, in some females, cover 
 about two-thirds of the abdomen, the nervures always distinct.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLIDjE. 123 
 
 Color: Female, pale green, nervures of elytra greenish, ovipositor 
 tipped with red. Male, pale green, most of pronotum and elytra brownish, 
 nervures of elytra darker brown. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, posterior margin truncate, with a very small median lobe; 
 pygofers longer than in flavidus but much exceeded by the ovipositor. 
 Male, valve very small, triangular; plates tapering suddenly near base 
 and then extending into long and slender apical processes, margins bear- 
 ing a few spines; pygofers long, bearing many long brown spines. 
 
 Distribution: This species has not yet been reported from 
 Kansas but should be taken in the western part of the state. 
 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball described this species from specimens 
 taken from Distichlis maritima. 
 
 Genus DICYPHONIA Ball. 
 
 In this genus the head is as long or slightly longer than the 
 width between the eyes. The vertex is narrower than in 
 Parabolocratiis, the apex obtusely rounding in the female, 
 rather acute in the male, the disc concave, and the margins 
 sharp. The pronotum is about twice as wide as long, broadly 
 rounding in front, emarginate posteriorly, and with long lat- 
 eral margins. The elytra are short in the female, long in the 
 male. The genus includes brownish forms, due to ramose pig- 
 mentation. 
 
 The single species belonging to this genus occurs in Kansas. 
 
 Dicyphonia ornata (Bak.) . 
 
 Platymetopius ornatus Bak., Can. Ent., xxxii, p. 49, 1900. 
 
 Dicyphonia Tamentosa Ball, Kept. la. Acad. Sci. for 1899, p. 69, pi. 5, figs. 1-5, 1900. 
 
 Dicyphonia ornata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 626, 1917. 
 
 Form: Females large and robust. Length, 6.25 to 7 mm. Males smaller, 
 like Platymetopius in general appearance. Length, 4 mm. Female, ver- 
 tex long and narrow, longer than wide, obtusely-rounding apically, an- 
 terior margin elevated, disc concave. Pronotum over twice as wide as 
 long. Elytra either covering abdomen entirely or only half way. Male, 
 vertex a little longer than wide, more pointed than in female, elytra 
 always completely covering abdomen, strongly flaring apically. 
 
 Color: Female, creamy yellow, vertex with a broad, irregular brown 
 band which extends on to the pronotum and scutellum. These also have 
 brown markings laterally, and the elytra show ramose, brown markings. 
 Exposed portion of abdomen striped with brown. Males either like 
 female except for dark brown apices of elytra, or, more usually, with 
 all the markings much darker and heavier, giving the insect a dark 
 brown or black appearance with triangular light markings, most con- 
 spicuous of which are three large costal and several smaller hyaline spots 
 on the apical half of the elytra.
 
 124 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 External genitdlia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as the 
 preceding, posterior margin truncate except for small median projection ; 
 pygofers short, bearing a very few spines, much exceeded by the very 
 long ovipositor. Male, valve hidden by last ventral segment; plates to- 
 gether about half as wide as last ventral segment, sinuately narrowed 
 laterally to long, acute apices; pygofers together forming a triangle a 
 little wider than long, bearing a few long spines. 
 
 Distribution: Occurs in western Kansas. Specimens have 
 been taken in Decatur and Greeley counties. 
 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball gives Sporobolus cryptandrus as the host. 
 Genus SCAPHOIDEUS Uhl. 
 
 Prof. Herbert Osborn states that the most important char- 
 acters of this genus are "the deeply sinuate occiput, the long 
 antennae, the large lorae, approximate to margin of cheeks 
 (except in sanctus group), the narrow vertex, the width and 
 length of which are usually about equal, and the recurved 
 nodal or costal veins. The clypeus is usually widened at tip, 
 and for the more typical members of the genus the outer ante- 
 apical cell is narrowed behind, becoming pointed, and, in some 
 species, stylate." 
 
 Of the nine species keyed below, six have been taken and 
 the other three should occur in the state. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES * 
 
 A. Lora3 remote from the margin of the cheeks; common elytral pic- 
 ture cruciate; claval vein straight, meeting suture at acute angle. 
 
 sanctus. 
 
 AA. Lorae contiguous to or merging with border of cheeks-; elytral pic- 
 ture not cruciate, outer claval vein curved or hooked at the distal 
 end. 
 B. Postnodal cell scarcely widened distally. 
 
 C. Nodal vein arising from discal cell, transverse orange 
 band on vertex and a black one just before. 
 
 auronitens. 
 CC. Nodal vein, arising from anteapical cell. 
 
 D. Vertex flat with transverse impressed line. 
 
 jucimdus. 
 DD. Vertex convex, without impressed line. 
 
 scalaris. 
 BB. Postnodal cell much widened distally. 
 
 C. Outer claval not strongly hooked at distal end, cross 
 nervure to claval suture indistinct or wanting. 
 D. Outer claval sinuate, approaching inner near its 
 
 middle, marked with fuscous. productus. 
 
 DD. Outer claval nearly straight and parallel to inner, 
 
 curved at tip. intricatus. 
 
 * Adapted from key by Professor Osborn, Ohio Nat., xi, p. 250, 1910.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 125 
 
 AA. Lorae contiguous concluded. 
 
 CC. Outer claval strongly hooked at distal end, usually with 
 distinct cross nervure from outer claval to claval suture. 
 D. No distinct cross veins between claval veins. 
 
 immistus. 
 DD. A distinct cross vein between claval veins. 
 
 E. Outer claval approximating claval suture pos- 
 teriorly, face black. melanotus. 
 
 EE. Outer claval remote from claval suture pos- 
 teriorly, elytra entirely gray. 
 
 cinerosus. 
 
 Scaphoideus sanctus (Say). 
 
 Jassus sanctus Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 307, 1831; Compl. Writ., ii, p. 38:i 
 
 Scaphoideus picturatus Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., v, p. 243, 1898. 
 
 Scaphoideus picturatus Osb., Jl. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist., six, p. 193, 1900. 
 
 Scaphoideus sanctus Osb., Ohio Nat., xi, p. 251, 1910. 
 
 Scaphoideus sanctus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 55, 1916. 
 
 Scaphoideus sanctus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 629, 1917. 
 
 Form: Length, 4 to 5 mm. Vertex slightly shorter than width be- 
 tween the eyes, quite angulate. Pronotum about twice as wide as long, 
 anterior margin convex, posterior margin truncate or slightly concave, 
 lateral margins very short, humeral margins long. Elytra long, much 
 exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Vertex whitish or yellowish with two small brown spots near 
 ape~x, one back of each ocellus, and with a brown median line. Pronotum 
 yellowish-brown except for white rectangular spot on disc, the posterior 
 half darker. Scutellum yellow. Elytra white, with large brown cruci- 
 form mark on middle, the arms enclosing a white spot and extending to 
 the costal margin ; apical third irregularly marked with brown spots. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, posterior margin with large, long, lateral lobes between which 
 is a pair of shorter lobes separated by a median notch; pygofers long 
 and narrow, widest at the middle, with spines on posterior two-thirds, 
 slightly exceeded by ovipositor. Male, valve large, posterior margin 
 roundingly produced; plates wide and long, exceeding pygofers, spined 
 laterally and tapering to obtuse apices, each with a black disc basally; 
 pygofers spiny and short. 
 
 Distribution: Not yet reported from the state, but should 
 be taken in the eastern part. 
 
 Hosts: De Long reports taking specimens from wild rose. 
 Scaphoideus auronitens Prov. 
 
 Jassus areatus (Harris MS.) in Hitchcock, Geol. Mass., edn. 2, p. 580, 1835. 
 
 Scaphoideus auronitens Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., iii, p. 277, 1889. 
 
 Scaphoideus auronitens Osb., Jl. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 194, 1900. 
 
 Scaphoideus auronitens Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 524, 190.">. 
 
 Scaphoideus auronitens Osb., Ohio Nat., xi, p. 254, 1910. 
 
 Scaphoideus auronitens Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 115, 1915. 
 
 Scaphoideus auronitens DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 56, 1916. 
 
 Scaphoideus auronitens Van D., Hemip. N. A., p. 630, 1917. 
 
 Scaphoideus auronitens Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 66, 1919.
 
 126 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Form: Length, 4.5 to 5.75 mm. Vertex wider than long, not as 
 pointed apically as in sanctiis. Pronotum about twice as wide as long, 
 quite convex anteriorly, slightly concave posteriorly, lateral margins 
 long, about the length of the humeral margins; elytra long, nodal vein 
 arising from the discal cell, postnodal cell scarcely widened distally. 
 
 Color: Vertex yellowish-white with very characteristic broad orange 
 band across middle in front of which is a short black band, and also a 
 larger one parallel with the anterior margin. Pronotum with orange 
 band on anterior margin and a fainter one on the posterior half, parallel 
 to the posterior margin. Scutellum with the basal angles dull orange, 
 the disc darkened medially. Elytra brownish, nervures darker, three 
 spots on clavus along median suture, black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment nearly four times 
 as long as preceding one, cleft by broad excision, reaching nearly to the 
 base, into two large rounding lateral lobes; the spiny pygofers are long 
 and narrow, exceeded slightly by the ovipositor. Male, valve broad and 
 short, truncate posteriorly, or with very small median tooth; plates large 
 and broad, obtuse apically and with an impressed line parallel to the 
 lateral margin which is covered with long silky hairs; long, membranous 
 and hairy tail-like structures terminate the plates; spiny pygofers long 
 and narrow, much exceeding plates. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas, Pottawatomie and Riley 
 counties. 
 
 Hosts: Professor Osborn gives Geranium Robertianum as 
 a host. De Long reports taking it on canebrake. 
 
 Scaphoideus jucundus Uhl. 
 
 Scaphoideus jucundus Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 34. 1889. 
 Scaphoideus jucundus Osb., Jl. Ginc. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 195, 1900. 
 Scaphoideus jucundus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 524, 1905. 
 Scaphoideus jucundus Osb., Ohio Nat., xi, p. 254, 1910. 
 Scaphoideus jucundus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 114, 1915. 
 Scaphoideus jucundus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 56, 1916. 
 Scaphoideus jucundus Van D., Hemip. N. A., p. 630, 1917. 
 Scaphoideus jucundus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 68, 1919. 
 
 Form: Larger than preceding species. Length, 5 to 6 mm. Vertex 
 wider than long, flat, with transverse impressed line, roundingly angled 
 anteriorly. Pronotum twice as broad as long, lateral margins long, an- 
 teriorly convex, posteriorly slightly concave. Elytra long and somewhat 
 flaring posteriorly, nodal vein arising from discal cell, postnodal cell 
 scarcely widened posteriorly. 
 
 Color: Orange-yellow marked with white. Vertex with median line, 
 six spots near anterior margin of pronotum, two spots on sides, apex and 
 two lines on disc of scutellum and several spots on elytra, white. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over twice as long 
 as preceding one, posterior margin rounded and medially produced; 
 pygofers long and narrow, slightly exceeded by ovipositor, spiny on pos- 
 terior half. Male, valve triangular, narrow but long; plates long, some-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 127 
 
 what fine haired, truncate tips bearing membranous tails which are much 
 shorter than in auronitens, lateral margins spined; pygofers long and 
 narrow, much exceeding plates, spiny on posterior half. 
 
 Distribution: This species though not yet taken in the state, 
 should occur in the eastern portion. 
 Hosts: De Long reports it on oak. 
 
 Scaphoideus scalaris Van D. 
 
 Scaphoid e'i 
 Scaphoidet 
 Scaphoideu 
 Scaphoideu 
 Scaphoideu 
 Scaphoidei 
 Scaphoid 
 
 scalaris Van D., Ent. Am., vi, p. 51, 1890. 
 scalaris Osb., Jl. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 198, 1900. 
 scalaris Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 523, 1905. 
 scalaris Osb., Ohio Nat., ix, p. 464, 1909; xi, p. 255, 1910. 
 scalaris Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 114, 1915. 
 scalaris DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17. p. 56, 1916. 
 scalaris Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 631, 1917. 
 scalaris Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 67, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 5 to 5.5 mm. Vertex as long as wide, quite annulate 
 anteriorly. Pronotum with anterior margin very convex, posterior mar- 
 gin slightly concave. Elytra much exceeding abdomen, nodal vein rising 
 from anteapical cell, postnodal cell scarcely widened distally. 
 
 Color: Grayish-brown. Vertex light, marked with brown lines, 
 median spot near apex, preapical marginal lines and ocelli appearing 
 white, as does the portion between the brown lines on the basal portion. 
 Pronotum having mottled appearance. Scutellum frequently appearing 
 to have six light spots. Elytra with three very characteristic light spots 
 on claval suture, nervures dark. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment three times as long 
 as preceding, lateral angles broadly rounding to nearly truncate, slightly 
 excised posterior margin; pygofers long, widest near middle, spiny on 
 distal half, slightly exceeded by ovipositor. Male, valve small, broadly 
 triangular; plates wide and short, slightly haired marginally, about half 
 as long as spiny pygofers and tipped with membranous tails reaching to 
 tips of pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas and Pottawatomie counties. 
 Hosts: Osborn records a single specimen from Maine "on 
 blueberry." It of course has some other host in Kansas. 
 
 Scaphoideus productus Osb. 
 
 Scaphoidfiis productus Osb., Jl. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 200, 1900. 
 Scaphoideus productus Osb., Ohio Nat., xi, p. 258, 1*910. 
 Scaphoideus productus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 115, 1915. 
 Scaphoideus productus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 632, 1917. 
 Scaphoideus productus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 68, 1919. 
 
 Form : Larger than preceding species. Length, 5.5 to 6 mm. Vertex 
 nearly as long as wide, disc flat, apex acutely pointed. Pronotum more 
 than twice as wide as long, anterior margin convex, posterior margin 
 slightly concave, lateral margins slightly longer than humeral. Elytra
 
 128 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 with postnodal cell much widened distally, outer claval not strongly- 
 hooked at distal end and approaching inner claval near its middle. 
 
 Color: Vertex yellowish-white, with a broad brown band which is pro- 
 duced medially to meet a darker marginal band. Pronotum and scutellum 
 whitish, irregularly marked with brown. Elytra whitish with fuscous 
 patches and dark nervures, giving them a general brown appearance. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over twice as long 
 as preceding, lateral angles rounded, posterior margin produced medially 
 and with a small median notch; pygofers long, slightly exceeded by ovi- 
 positor, bearing bunches of spines at middle and near apex. Male, valve 
 short; plates broad and short, obliquely truncate, less than half the 
 length of the long, somewhat spiny pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee and Pottawatomie coun- 
 ties. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn reports sweeping specimens from blueberry 
 in Maine. Kansas host unknown. 
 
 Scaphoideus intricatus Uhl. 
 
 Scaphoideus intricatus Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 34, 1889. 
 Scaphoideus intricatus Osb., Jl. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 202, 1900. 
 Scaphoideus intricatus Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 525, 1905. 
 Scaphoideus intricatus Osb., Ohio Nat., xi, p. 258, 1910. 
 Scaphoideus intricatus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 58, 1916. 
 Scaphoideus intricatvs Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 632, 1917. 
 
 Form: Length, 4.75 to 6 mm. Vertex slightly longer than wide, flat, 
 acutely pointed. Pronotum short, humeral margins long. Elytra with 
 postnodal cell widened distally, outer claval nearly straight and parallel 
 to inner. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum and scutellum yellowish -white. Vertex with 
 brown marginal and an irregular transverse band. Pronotum with large 
 median brown band on anterior margin and two large brown ones on 
 posterior margin. Scutellum with three basal brown spots. Elytra 
 whitish or hyaline with brown spots and dark brown nervures, with three 
 white spots on clavus along suture. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment nearly twice as long 
 as preceding, truncate posteriorly, very slightly produced medially; 
 pygofers long and narrow, nearly equalling ovipositor, a patch of brown 
 bristles near the apex and whitish scattered bristles near the middle. 
 Male, valve broad and roundingly angulate posteriorly; plates broad and 
 long, nearly equalling pygofers, margined with a few silky hairs; py- 
 gofers with tuft of black bristles near apex. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie county only. 
 
 Hosts: De Long has swept specimens from weeds. Profes- 
 sor Osborn mentions clover, Carnus, grape and Cratxgus as 
 host plants.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLIOE. 129 
 
 Scaphoideus immistus (Say). 
 
 (PI. 11, figs. 1-2.) 
 
 Jassus immistus Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 306, 1831; Compl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 382. 
 
 Scaphoideus immistus Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 33, 1889. 
 Scaphoideus immistus G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 94, 1895. 
 Scaphoideus immistus Osb., Jl. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 204, 1900. 
 Scaphoideus immistus Osb. 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 525, 1905. 
 Scaphoideus immistus Osb., Ohio Nat., xi, p. 259, 1910. 
 Scaphoideu immistus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 116, 1915. 
 Scaphoideu immistus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 58, 1916. 
 Kcaphoideu immistus Va-n D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 632, 1917. 
 Scaphoideu immistus Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 183, 1918. 
 Scaphoideu immistus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 69, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 4.75 to 6 mm. Vertex about as long as broad, flat, 
 somewhat obtusely angled. Pronotum with anterior margin produced 
 medially, twice as wide as long. Elytra with postnodal cell widened 
 distally, with two to four oblique reflexed veins from outer anteapical 
 cell to costal margin and with no distinct cross veins between claval 
 veins. 
 
 Color: Vertex white with narrow black or brown marginal line and a 
 broad, transverse, brown band with a median tooth. Face white, two 
 black lines on upper part. Pronotum brown with faint whitish trans- 
 verse band in front of middle. Scutellum white, with three fuscous 
 bands, the apical half usually light. Elytra brown with darker nervures 
 and scattered white spots, of which usually two are on the clavus along 
 suture. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as pre- 
 ceding, posterior margin somewhat produced, black, and often slightly 
 notched medially; pygofers long and narrow, bearing a few scattered 
 bristles till near the apex, where each bears two tufts of long black 
 bristles; ovipositor exceeding the pygofers. Male, valve short, plates 
 broad but short, obtusely pointed, spiny margined, much exceeded by the 
 long pygofers, each of which bears two bunches of long, black bristles 
 preapically. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles short, with long process for attach- 
 ment to connective equalling anterior end, a rounding lobe laterally past 
 middle, terminating in an acute, outwardly curved apex; connective 
 Y-shaped, the arms very short and curved, the stem long and thickened 
 basally; cedagus with a short, thick, knobbed process for attachment to 
 anal tube and two long obtusely pointed caudal processes. 
 
 9 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 130 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: Our commonest member of the genus, well 
 distributed over the state as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Van Duzee reports it on witch hazel. Professor 
 Osborn gives willow as a host. This is its food in Kansas. It 
 is frequently taken at lights. 
 
 Scaphoideus melanotus Osb. 
 
 Scaphoideus 
 Scaphoideus 
 
 lelanotit 
 
 Scaphoideus mflanotu 
 Scaphoideus melanotu 
 Scaphoideus melanotu 
 
 Osb., Jl. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 206, 1900. 
 Wirtn., Ann. Cam. Mus., iii, p. 224, 1904. 
 Osb., Ohio Nat., xi, p. 259, 1910. 
 DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 59, 1916. 
 Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 633, 1917. 
 
 Form: Length, 5 to 5.25 mm. Vertex about as long as basal width, 
 flat or slightly concave, apex obtuse. Pronotum over twice as broad as 
 long, anterior margin strongly convex, posterior slightly concave, lateral 
 margins short. Elytra with postnodal cell much widened distally, a dis- 
 tinct cross vein between clavals and the outer claval approximating 
 claval suture posteriorly. 
 
 Color: Vertex white, with narrow brown marginal band, heavier 
 brown transverse band which is produced medially, and a black border on 
 posterior margin medially. Face black. Pronotum white with light 
 brown anterior band and broken posterior band, with large dark brown 
 spots laterally. Scutellum white with three large light brown basal spots 
 and two small black preapical ones. Elytra brown with three large 
 white spots along suture and others irregularly placed. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over twice as long 
 as preceding, posterior portion black, posterior margin produced, with 
 narrow but distinct median notch; pygofers widest at the middle, much 
 exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely bristled except for two preapical tufts. 
 Male, valve barely visible from under broad and long last ventral seg- 
 ment; plates a little over half as long as pygofers, scarcely tapering to
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^:. 131 
 
 obtuse, separated apices, with few marginal bristles; pygofers long and 
 slender, sparsely bristled. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas, Cherokee and Pottawa- 
 tomie counties. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Scaphoideus cinerosus Osb. 
 
 Scaphoideus cinerosus Osb., Jl. Cine. Soc. Nat. Hist., xix, p. 525, 1905. 
 Scaphoideus cinerosus Osb., Ohio Nat., xi, p. 259, 1910. 
 Scaphoideus cinerosus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 633, 1917. 
 
 Form: Length, 4 to 4.5 mm. Vertex nearly as long aa basal width, 
 disc flat, apex rather acute. Pronotum about twice as wide as long. 
 Anterior margin quite convex, posterior margin slightly concave, lateral 
 margins rather short, humeral margins longer. Elytra with outer claval 
 strongly hooked at distal end, and with cross veins to inner claval and 
 claval suture, and not approximating claval suture posteriorly. 
 
 Color: Light ashy-gray. Vertex white with narrow black marginal 
 line and a brown transverse line between the anterior margin of the 
 eyes. Pronotum light gray, marked with brown on anterior margin and 
 several brown spots along posterior margin. Scutellum white, with three 
 broad brown stripes and two black spots on each lateral margin. Elytra 
 whitish with dark brown nervures and several cells spotted or irrorate 
 with the same color. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over twice as long 
 as preceding, posterior margin black medially, roundingly and medially 
 produced and with a small median notch; pygofers long and narrow, ex- 
 ceeded by ovipositor, with scattered bristles and two tufts on each side 
 near the apex. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie county only. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Genus PLATYMETOPIUS Burm. 
 
 This genus is characterized by its long pointed vertex, nar- 
 row front, and characteristic venation. The elytra have three 
 anteapical and five apical cells, two cross veins between the 
 first and second sectors, and eight to ten oblique veins in the 
 costal cell. They are also marked with fine brown pigment 
 lines, and the cells, especially the anteapical and apical, may 
 contain oval white spots. 
 
 Only five species of this genus have been taken in Kansas.
 
 132 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES.* 
 
 A. Vertex flat, not channeled toward its apex, anterior margin round- 
 ing to the front; elytra without white areolar spots, dorsalis. 
 AA. Vertex more or less channeled toward the apex, anterior edge thin, 
 acute or subacute. 
 B. Face pale or yellow, usually infuscated at base and sides. 
 
 C. Markings of vertex in the form of lineations, usually a 
 pale median line and a faint, slightly divergent one 
 . either side. 
 
 D. Face distinctly infuscated at sides; elytral mark- 
 ings distinct; length, 5 mm. acutus. 
 DD. Face obscurely infuscated at sides: elytral mark- 
 ings indistinct; length, 4 mm. or less. 
 
 cinereus. 
 CC. Markings of vertex in form of a broken transverse vitta, 
 
 median line short and apical. frontalis. 
 
 BB. Face entirely brown or fuscous. scriptus. 
 
 Platymetopius dorsalis Ball. 
 
 i'latymetopius frontalis var. dorsalis Ball, Ent. News, xx, p. 164, 1909. 
 Platymetopius dorsalis Van D., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., iii, p. 224, 1910. 
 Platymetopius dorsalis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 637, 1917. 
 
 Form: Length, 4 mm. Vertex three-fourths as wide as long, flat, not 
 channeled toward the apex, margins rounding. Pronotum nearly three 
 times as wide as long, anterior margin convex, posterior margin slightly 
 concave, lateral margins short, humeral margins long. Elytra broad and 
 exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Yellow and fulvous; vertex creamy yellow, pronotum bright 
 brown or fulvous with sides yellow, scutellum yellow, elytra bright ful- 
 vous with distal half of clavus and apices lighter. Face and below pale 
 yellow. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin roundingly and medially produced ; sparsely spined pygofers are long 
 and narrow, slightly exceeded by the ovipositor. 
 
 Distribution: The only specimens of this species taken are 
 the type specimens from Pottawatomie county. 
 
 Platymetopius acutus (Say.). 
 
 (PL II, figs. 5-7.) 
 Jassus acutus Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci., Phila., vi, p. 306, 1831; Compl. Writ., ii, p. 382. 
 
 Platymetopiu 
 
 acu 
 
 us Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Surv., iii, p. 473, 1877. 
 
 Platymetopitu 
 
 acu 
 
 us Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 
 Platymetopiu 
 
 acu 
 
 us Q. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 84, 1895. 
 
 Platymetopiu 
 
 acu 
 
 O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 192, 1897. 
 
 Platymetopiu 
 
 acu 
 
 us Van D., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., iii, p. 219, 1910. 
 
 Adapted from key by Van Duzee, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., iii, p. 216, 1910.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 133 
 
 Platymetopius acutus Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 69, fig. 9, 1912. 
 Platymetopius acutus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. Ill, 1915. 
 Platymet >pius acutus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 39, 1916. 
 Platymetopius acutus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 635, 1917. 
 Platymetopius acutus Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 183, 1918. 
 Platymetopius acutus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 53, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 4.5 to 5 nun. Vertex of male distinctly longer than 
 width between the eyes, in female almost half longer than basal width. 
 Pronotum twice as broad as long, anterior margin quite convex, posterior 
 margin slightly concave, humeral margins longer than lateral margins. 
 Elytra wide, exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Vertex yellowish, irrorate with brown, an indistinct line near 
 each eye, a pair on the disc, one on apical third, and four spots on pos- 
 terior margin, whitish or yellowish. Pronotum brown, with five white 
 longitudinal stripes. Scutellum brown, with two whitish longitudinal 
 stripes. Elytra light brown with dark ramose lines and spots and dis- 
 tinct round or oval milky white spots. Face yellow, infuscated on base of 
 front and outer portions of cheeks, former with broad, white, angular 
 line which continues behind the eyes. Beneath black, marked with 
 whitish. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, sinuate, nar- 
 rowed posteriorly, lateral and posterior margins forming regular curve; 
 pygofers long and narrow, scarcely exceeding ovipositor, sparsely bristled. 
 Male, last ventral segment very short; valve very large, nearly as long 
 as wide, broadly and obtusely angled posteriorly; plates long, nearly 
 equalling sparsely bristled pygofers, widening after leaving base, then 
 tapering regularly to subacute apices, lateral margins spiny. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles broad basally, with large process for 
 attachment to connective, terminating in a finger-like inner process about 
 half the width of the middle portion; connective very characteristic of 
 the genus, consisting of a broad, short-armed U-shaped piece from 
 which there extend out, separated by a small process, two long styles 
 which each curve entirely around the redagus and extend far beyond it, 
 ending in a somewhat flattened and then acutely pointed apex; cedagus 
 viewed from the side is V-shaped, with two processes directed caudad 
 for attachment to base of anal tube, the cedagus proper being a gently 
 curving, obtusely pointed organ with its surface roughened or serrated, 
 directed dorso-caudad.
 
 134 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: Occurs throughout the state, though more 
 abundant in northern part as shown by the following map: 
 
 Hosts: Taken usually on grasses on which it seems to be a 
 general feeder. 
 
 Platymetopius cinereus 0. & B. 
 
 (PI. II, figs. 3-4.) 
 
 Platymetopius cinereus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 193, pi. 26, fig. 1, 1897. 
 Platymetopius cinereus Van D., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., iii, p. 223, 1910. 
 Platymetopius cinereus Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 72, 1912. 
 Platymetopius cinereus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 39, 1916. 
 Platymetopius cinereus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 637, 1917. 
 Platymetopius cinereus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 56, 1919. 
 
 Form: Smallest member of genus in Kansas. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. 
 Vertex of female three-fifths as wide as long, in male nearly as wide as 
 long. Pronotum characteristic of the genus, lateral margins short. Scu- 
 tellum large. Elytra long and broad. 
 
 Color: Cinereous; vertex yellowish, irrorate with brown, with light 
 lines on disc and median line on apical third. Pronotum of same color 
 with five faint longitudinal lines. Scutellum yellowish, with basal and 
 apical angles darker. Elytra light or hyaline with brown irrorations 
 and with whitish hyaline spots, costal and apical veins black, especially 
 in the male. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, narrowed pos- 
 teriorly, posterior margin medially produced and with a slight median 
 notch; pygofers long, widest at the middle, slightly exceeded by ovi- 
 positor. Male, posterior margin of last ventral segment obtusely and 
 angularly incised; valve large, obtusely rounded at apex, over half the 
 length of the spiny-margined and obtusely pointed plates; pygofers spiny, 
 acute at apex, slightly exceeding plates. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles much as in acutus, but differing in 
 small details, especially the relatively longer terminal finger and the 
 angle it makes with the rest of the style; connective in the shape of a
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 
 
 135 
 
 flat "W" with all the bends rounded, distinctly flatter and smaller than 
 in acutus, and with two long curling processes, flattened for a much longer 
 distance than in acutus and ending in a sharp point; cedagus, viewed 
 laterally, U-shaped with anterior arm straight and posterior curved, 
 former extending beyond curve of U to form a short stem. 
 
 Distribution: Common in the eastern portion of the state 
 as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball give Bouteloua as the probable host. 
 De Long reports it on "various grasses." 
 
 Platymetopius frontalis Van D. 
 
 (PL II, figs. 8-9.) 
 
 Platymetopius frontalis Van D., Can. Ent., xxii, p. 112, 1890. 
 Platymetopius frontalis Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., v, p. 198, 1894. 
 Platymetopius frontalis O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 193, 1897. 
 Platymetopius frontalis Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 517, 1905. 
 Platymetopius frontalis Van D., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., iii, p. 225, 1910. 
 Platymetopius frontalis Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 71, fig. 10, 1 'n > 
 Platymetopius frontalis Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 113, 1915. 
 Platymetopivs frontalis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 40, 1916. 
 Platymetopius frontalis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 637, 1917. 
 Plati/metopms frontalis Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 57, 1919. 
 
 Form: Short and stout. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. Vertex about one- 
 fourth longer than wide in the male, slightly longer in the female, rather 
 obtusely pointed and with a longitudinal depression. Pronotum obscurely 
 and transversely wrinkled, short, over twice as broad as long. 
 
 Color: Dark brown or black; vertex with white apical line, transverse 
 vitta of similar lines in front of the eyes and four basal white spots. 
 Face yellow, infuscated at sides and base, angled line indistinct. Prono- 
 tum dark brown, showing five faint longitudinal lines. Scutellum with 
 two faint longitudinal lines and apex white. Elytra with distinct milky 
 white spots, costal area whitish with heavy black veins.
 
 136 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment broad, slightly 
 keeled, posterior margin rounding and with a slight median notch; 
 sparsely spined pygofers broad and slightly exceeded by the ovipositor. 
 Male, last ventral segment distinctly and roundingly emarginate; valve 
 large, slightly wider than long, rounded posteriorly; plates, spiny-mar- 
 gined, broad at base, subacute apically, about as long medially as the 
 valve, somewhat exceeded by the spiny pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles larger than in preceding species, 
 broad at base, then of nearly uniform diameter to terminal finger-like 
 process which is relatively long and slender; connective in the form of 
 an arc with a slight median swelling on the inside and two small proc- 
 esses on the convex surface, between which arise two very long, slender 
 and curving processes, which in the specimen dissected did not encircle 
 the oedagus as in the two preceding species ; oedagus much as in cinereus, 
 but apically broadened rather than tapering and with distinct apical 
 teeth dorsally. 
 
 Distribution: Our most abundant member of this genus, 
 though seemingly largely confined to the eastern portion of the 
 state, as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Taken commonly on grasses and weeds. 
 Platymetopius scriptus Ball. 
 
 Platymetopivs scriptus Ball, Ent. News, xx, p. 165, 1909. 
 I'latymetopius scriptus Van D., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., iii, p. 228, 1910. 
 Platymetopius scriptus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 42, 1916. 
 Platymetopius scriptus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 638, 1917. 
 
 Form: Much like frontalis. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. Vertex slightly 
 longer than basal width, disc slightly convex but with distinct median 
 longitudinal depression. Pronotum over twice as wide as long, anterior 
 margin quite convex, posterior slightly concave, humeral margins nearly 
 twice the length of the lateral. Elytra broad and rather short.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^. 137 
 
 Color: About like frontalis except for the dark face. Vertex with 
 three apical white lines and two faint basal and median ones, the latter 
 between a pair of white spots near the apex, and another pair near 
 their base. Face irrorate with brown, with short, light, oblique marginal 
 lines. Pronotum irrorate with brown and with traces of five light, longi- 
 tudinal lines. Scutellum brown with two large orange spots between 
 which are two broken, white, longitudinal lines, the apex light. Elytra 
 heavily irrorate with brown, costal region lighter, dark nervures usually 
 narrowly light margined, many cells with white spots. 
 
 External genitalia: DeLong describes the female genitalia as fol- 
 lows: "Last ventral segment of female long, slightly keeled, posterior 
 margin roundingly produced, pygofers constricted near base, broad and 
 rather short." Male, last ventral segment angularly excised posteriorly; 
 valve large, nearly as long as broad, posteriorly roundingly pointed; 
 plates broad basally, median length less than that of the valve, spiny- 
 margined, subacute apically, completely hiding short pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: The only Kansas record for this species is that 
 
 of the five male type specimens taken in Pottawatomie county. 
 
 Hosts: De Long records sweeping this species from weeds. 
 
 Genus DELTOCEPHALUS Burm. 
 
 To this genus belong medium-sized or small species charac- 
 terized chiefly by the shape of the head in which the vertex 
 is acutely triangular, usually longer than broad, though often 
 wider than long, disc flattened or convex and separated from 
 the front by more or less of a distinct margin. The front is 
 broad and the clypeus is narrowed at the tip. The elytra may 
 be long or short, usually having five anteapical and three apical 
 cells, and two cross nervures between the sectors. All the 
 members of this genus are grass feeders. 
 
 Twenty-one species of this genus have been taken in Kansas 
 and five other probable native species are included in the key. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES.* 
 
 A. Vertex rather angularly produced, disc flat or concave, definite mar- 
 gin between vertex and front. 
 
 B. Pronotum short, more than twice broader than long, elytra 
 without a distinct appendix. 
 
 C. Elytra moderately long, two outer apical veinlets 
 strongly reflexed, the next one meeting the costa at 
 nearly right angles. 
 
 D. Pronotum with distinct, black, longitudinal lines. 
 E. Vertex longitudinally lined or spotted. 
 
 bilineatits. 
 
 EE. Vertex transversely lined before the eyes. 
 
 albidus. 
 
 * Adapted from keys by Osborn & Ball, Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 198, 1897, ami 
 DeLong, Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 42, 1916.
 
 138 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 A. Vertex rather angularly produced continued. 
 
 DD." Pronotum cinereous, without distinct black lines. 
 E. Face usually entirely dark. 
 
 F. Vertex without median transverse bars. 
 G. Elytra with large, black median 
 spot, face entirely black. 
 
 areolatus. 
 
 GG. Elytra without black median spot, 
 face sometimes with light spot on 
 apex of front. imputans. 
 
 FF. Vertex with median transverse bars. 
 
 visendus. 
 EE. Face dark above, light below. 
 
 F. Face fuscous above, shading out below, 
 no sharp line of demarcation; species 
 nearly unicolorous above, inflatus. 
 FF. Face black above, light below, line of 
 demarcation sharp. Species marked 
 with fuscous. reflexus. 
 
 CC. Elytra shorter, two outer apical veinlets short, at nearly 
 right angles to the costa, third veinlet running distinctly 
 to the posterior margin. 
 
 D. Size larger, over 3 mm. ; female segment distinctly 
 emarginate, plates of male produced with almost 
 parallel margins. sayi. 
 
 DD. Size smaller, 3 mm. or less; female segment pro- 
 duced or truncate, plate of male short, rapidly 
 narrowing to acute apices. misellus. 
 
 BB. Pronotum longer, hardly twice broader than long, elytra long, 
 with appendix, costal veinlets never reflexed. 
 
 C. Front with numerous black arcs; central anteapical cell 
 
 distinctly constricted. signatifrons. 
 
 CC. Front without black arcs ; central anteapical cell not dis- 
 tinctly constricted. 
 D. Elytra distinctly green. 
 
 E. Form slender; length 3 mm. or less. 
 
 F. Vertex unlined; female segment black- 
 tipped, medially notched, valve of male 
 large and obtuse. minimus. 
 
 FF. Vertex with two oblique lines; fe- 
 male segment unicolorous and broadly 
 rounded, male valve smaller and acute. 
 
 parvulus. 
 EE. Form stouter; length 3.25 mm. or more. 
 
 F. Vertex acutely angled, usually longer 
 
 than broad. debilis. 
 
 FF. Vertex obtusely angled, as wide as long. 
 
 collinus. 
 
 DD. Elytra not distinctly green, hyaline yellowish, or 
 with nervures fuscous margined. 
 E. Male valve enlarged, inflated, covering all 
 but tips of plates; female segment slightly 
 angularly excavated. affinis.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 139 
 
 A. Vertex rather angularly produced concluded. 
 
 EE. Male valve normal, less than half the length 
 of the plates ; female segment produced, more 
 or less notched. 
 F. Yellow species; male plates not longer 
 
 than broad. oculatus. 
 
 FF. Greenish species, marked with fuscous; 
 male plates longer than broad. 
 
 sylvestris. 
 
 AA. Vertex short, disc convex or sloping, more or less rounding to front, 
 without well-defined margin. 
 B. Black species with white points on vertex, costa yellow. 
 
 flavicosta. 
 BB. Lighter species, marked with black. 
 
 C. Clavus reticulated between outer claval vein and suture. 
 D. Species small, not exceeding 3.5 mm. 
 
 E. Vertex acutely produced in the middle ; elytra 
 longer than abdomen; male plates convexly 
 pointed. weedi. 
 
 EE. Vertex more obtusely rounding. 
 
 F. Markings dull, elytra usually, longer 
 than abdomen. Male plates convexly 
 narrowed; over 3 mm. obtectus. 
 FF. Markings bright, elytra not exceeding 
 abdomen. Male plates concavely nar- 
 rowed; 2.75 mm. long, compactus. 
 DD. Species larger, 4.5 mm. or over. inimicus. 
 
 CC. Clavus not reticulated between outer claval vein and 
 suture. 
 
 D. Species large, about 5 mm. long. osborni. 
 
 DD. Species smaller, length 4 mm. or less. 
 
 E. Vertex with two large black spots. 
 
 punctatus. 
 EE. Vertex with four smaller black spots. 
 
 F. Broader robust species ; face with black 
 
 arcs. nigrifrons. 
 
 FF. More slender species; face with light 
 
 arcs. sonorus. 
 
 Deltocephalus bilineatus G. & B. 
 
 Deltocephalus bilineatus G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 85, 1895. 
 Deltocephalus bilineatus Bak., Psyche, viii, p. 115, 1897. 
 Deltocephalus bilineatus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 200, 1897. 
 Deltocephalus bilineatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 640, 1917. 
 
 Form: Rather long and narrow. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. Vertex as long 
 as wide, subacute at apex. Pronotum a little over twice as broad as 
 long, anterior margin strongly convex, posterior slightly concave, lateral 
 margins short, humeral margins long. Elytra long and narrow, exceed- 
 ing abdomen, two outer apical veinlets strongly reflexed. 
 
 Color: Ashy or yellowish-white, marked with brown or black. Vertex, 
 pronotum and scutellum with two broad longitudinal bands, a similar 
 oblique pair laterally on pronotum and elytra, just inside the outer claval
 
 140 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 vein. Vertex white, with brown bands margined with two long black 
 stripes and two short outer ones, also with short median stripe. Prono- 
 tum whitish with four brown stripes. Scutellum yellowish to black. 
 Elytra whitish with white nervures margined with brown or black, 
 especially along the suture, apically, and along the reflexed nervures, with 
 some of the cells brownish. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, narrowed pos- 
 teriorly, posterior margin deeply and angularly excavated, the sides of 
 the notch slightly sinuate; pygofers narrowed basally, long, and covered, 
 especially on apical half, with long bristles, equalling or only slightly 
 exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment short; valve 
 broad and roundingly produced posteriorly; plates broad, margined with 
 long fine hairs clear to the broad, truncate, black-spotted apices ; pygofers 
 acute posteriorly, long-bristled, much exceeding plates. 
 
 Distribution: Though not yet taken in Kansas, it should be 
 found in the northern part of the state. 
 Hosts: Baker took the type specimens from Carex. 
 
 Deltocephalus albidus O. & B. 
 
 Deltocephalus albidus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 201, pi. 23, fig. 1, 1897. 
 
 Deltocephalus albidus Psyche, viii, p. 115, 1897. 
 
 Deltocephalus albidus Gibs. & Cog., Ohio Jl. Sci., xvi, p. 75, 1915. 
 
 Deltocephalus albidus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 640, 1917. 
 
 Form: More robust than bilineatus. Length, 4 to 5 mm. Vertex 
 slightly longer than width between the eyes, acute apically. Pronotum 
 a little more than twice as wide as long, convex anteriorly, distinctly 
 concave posteriorly, humeral and posterior margins rounding into each 
 other, lateral margins short. Elytra short or moderately long, flaring, 
 two outer apical veinlets strongly reflexed. 
 
 Color: White; vertex with a broken median line, a preapical brown 
 transverse line, and two narrow lines extending from ends of latter to 
 apex. Pronotum with six brown longitudinal stripes, the middle pair 
 extending forward on to vertex and backward across the scutellum. 
 Elytra with sutural and apical margins and reflexed nervures lined with 
 brown and also with two broken brown lines, one on clavus, the other 
 extending from the humeral angle to the middle. Tergum with two pairs 
 of stripes, the outer pair meeting in a V on the pygofers. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, much narrowed posteriorly, lateral angles prominent, with a 
 distinct median lobe which is medially notched; pygofers sparsely brist- 
 led, short and broad, equalling ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment 
 narrower than preceding; valve triangular, broad and long, acutely 
 pointed; plates the width of valve basally, laterally spined, apices sub- 
 acute, nearly equalling the short, bristly pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie and Ottawa counties. 
 Hosts: Taken in pastures where Bouteloua and Buchloe 
 abound.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 141 
 
 Deltocephalus areolatus Ball. 
 
 Deltocephalus areolatus Ball, Can. Ent., xxxi, p. 188, 1899. 
 Deltocephalus areolatus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 520, 1905. 
 Deltocephalus areolatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 640, 1917. 
 
 Form: Short, robust, wedge-shaped, the head forming the apex of 
 the wedge. Length, 2.75 to 4 mm. Vertex nearly twice as long as width 
 between the eyes, apex roundingly acute. Pronotum over twice as broad 
 as long, lateral margins very short, humeral margins rounding into 
 slightly concave posterior margin, anterior margin strongly convex; 
 elytra short, flaring, two outer apical veinlets strongly reflexed. 
 
 Color: Olive-green or yellowish; vertex with two black spots apically, 
 elytra with large dark brown spot back of cross nervure, margin of 
 third apical cell and anterior margin of reflexed veinlets dark brown. 
 All but tarsi and part of genitalia below, black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, strongly na'rrowed posteriorly, lateral angles strong, posterior 
 margin broadly and deeply excavated with a large, medially cleft tooth 
 which equals the lateral angles; sparsely spined pygofers broad, equalling 
 ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment shorter than preceding, slightly 
 concave posteriorly, valve broad, triangular, posterior margin rounding 
 medially; plates the width of the valve basally, twice as long as valve, 
 spiny and slightly concave margins narrowing to slightly divergent apices 
 which are slightly exceeded by the spiny pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Reported by Van Duzee from Kansas. Taken 
 in Riley county. 
 
 Host: Specific host unknown. Probably a grass feeder. 
 
 Deltocephalus imputans 0. & B. 
 
 Deltocephalus imputans O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. .75, 1898. 
 Deltocephalus imputans DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 43, 1916. 
 Deltocephalus imputans Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 640, 1917. 
 Dfltocephalus imputans Feat., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 184, 1918. 
 
 Form: Wedge-shaped like areolatus. Length 3.5 to 4 mm. Vertex 
 about one-third longer than basal width, acutely pointed, margin dis- 
 tinct. Pronotum as in areolatus. Elytra short, equalling abdomen, flar- 
 ing, outer anteapical cell and second cross nervure sometimes wanting, 
 two outer apical nervures strongly reflexed. 
 
 Color: Creamy yellow; vertex with two black spots apically, from 
 which lines to ocelli and median line are reddish-brown. Elytra with 
 anterior margin of reflexed veins and margin of third apical cell broadly 
 black. Face black with sometimes a light spot on apex of front. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than 
 preceding, narrowed posteriorly to acute lateral angles, posterior margin 
 emarginate on either side of a wide, roundingly produced and medially 
 notched median lobe; pygofers sparsely bristled, broad, equalling ovi- 
 positor. Male, last ventral segment about half as long as preceding, 
 valve broad, two to three times as long as ultimate segment, subacute
 
 142 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 apically, lateral margins somewhat sinuate; plates long, sparsely bristled 
 margins narrowed from base to divergent, rounded tips which are well 
 exceeded by the bristled pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Van Duzee reports this species from Kansas. 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball gives Muhlenbergia as the grass on 
 which this species lives. 
 
 Deltocephalus visendus Crmb. 
 
 Deltocephahis visendus Crmb., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., viii, p. 189, 1915. 
 Deltocephalus vieendus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 641, 1917. 
 
 Form: That of reflexus. Length, 3.25 to 4.25 mm. Vertex flat, nearly 
 one-fourth longer than width between the eyes, acutely angled. Pro- 
 notum over twice as broad as long, strongly convex anteriorly, slightly 
 concave posteriorly, lateral margins short, humeral margins rounding 
 into posterior margin. Elytra flaring, slightly exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Pale cinereous. Vertex apically white with two black lines 
 from which reddish lines extend to the ocelli; median line reddish, with 
 a pair of dark median transverse bars. Pronotum with six faint, brown- 
 ish longitudinal stripes. Elytra with black spots near anterior junction 
 of claval veins and on the disc. The anterior margins of the reflexed 
 nervures, the margin of the third apical cell and often the margins of 
 other veins, brownish or black. Face black, becoming brownish below. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as pre- 
 ceding, narrowed posteriorly, lateral angles acute, posterior margin 
 emarginate on either side of a large, median, obtusely pointed and 
 slightly notched lobe; sparsely spined pygofers broad, equalling ovi- 
 positor. Male, last ventral segment half as long as preceding; valve tri- 
 angular, margins somewhat concavely narrowed to acute apex; plates 
 about twice as long as valve, characteristic because of apices being 
 separated by small median excavation; bristly pygofers exceeding plates 
 and distinctly compressed from near the base. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas, Miami and Chautauqua 
 counties. 
 
 Hosts: Swept from native grasses. 
 
 Deltocephalus inflatus O. & B. 
 
 J)ettocfi>halu inflatus O. & B., la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 202, pi. 22, fig. 2, 1897. 
 Deltocephalvs inflatus Bak., Psyche, viii, p. 115, 1898. 
 Deltocephalus inflatus Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., ix, p. 220, 1909. 
 l>,ltocephalus inflatus Van D., Cai. Hemip. N. A., p. 640, 1917. 
 
 Form: Not as strongly wedge-shaped as reflexus. Length, 4.25 to 
 4.75 mm. Vertex slightly longer than basal width, more obtusely pointed 
 than in reflexus. Pronotum over twice as broad as long, lateral margins 
 short. Elytra longer than in reflexus, flaring, two outer costal veinlets 
 strongly reflexed. 
 
 Color: Yellowish-white; vertex with white apex margined with brown 
 and with reddish line to ocelli, with a pair of spots on either side the
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHLE. 143 
 
 center and a pair near the base, light brown. Pronotum with six faint 
 longitudinal stripes, the median ones extending across the scutellum. 
 Elytra subhyaline, nervures white, frequently margined with brown, es- 
 pecially the anterior margin of the reflexed veinlets, and with black 
 spots near middle of clavus, on the first cross vein of sectors and in third 
 apical cell. Face fuscous above, shading gradually to light below. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, strongly narrowed posteriorly, lateral angles obtuse, apex in 
 line with central third which is suddenly produced, slightly notched 
 medially, and sinuate and darkened on either side of the notch; pygofers 
 sparsely spined, narrowed basally, broad and equalling ovipositor. Male, 
 last ventral segment nearly as long as preceding; valve triangular, sub- 
 acute at apex, margins concave medially; plates short, about twice the 
 length of the valve, apices acute, margins spiny; pygofers greatly exceed- 
 ing plates, but tergite inflated and pressed laterally and terminally 
 against the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie county -only. 
 Hosts: A grass feeder. Specific host unknown. 
 
 Deltocephalus reflexus 0. & B. 
 
 Deltocephalus reflexus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 203, pi. 22, fig. 1, 1897. 
 
 Deltocephalus reflexus Bak., Psyche, viii, p. 115, 1897. 
 
 Deltocephalus reflexus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 44, 1916. 
 
 Deltocephalus reflexus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 641, 1917. 
 
 Deltocephalus reflexus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 61, 1919. 
 
 Form: Distinctly wedge-shaped. Length, 4 to 4.5 mm. Vertex half 
 longer than wide, acutely angled. Prcnotum as in preceding species ex- 
 cept posterior margin more nearly truncate. Elytra strongly flaring, two 
 outer costal veinlets strongly reflexed. 
 
 Color: Soiled white or yellowish; vertex with white apex encircled 
 with dark brown, reddish-brown marginal lines to ocelli, pair of median 
 transverse bars and two basal spots, brown. Pronotum yellowish with six 
 faint longitudinal lines. Elytra with spot on clavus and corium, margins 
 of veins, especially anterior margin of reflexed veins and third apical cell, 
 brown. Face black above and light below. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than pre- 
 ceding, strongly narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin concave on 
 either side of a notched median tooth ; pygofers sparsely bristled, broad, 
 equalling ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment three-fourths as long as 
 preceding; valve triangular, broad, acutely pointed, spiny margined; 
 plates a little more than twice the length of the valve, elongate, apices 
 somewhat divergent, nearly equalling the spiny pygofers.
 
 144 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: Common throughout the eastern part of the 
 state as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Grasses. 
 
 Deltocephalus sayi (Fh.). 
 
 (PI. 12, figs. 7-8.) 
 
 Amblycephalus sayii Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 61, 1851. 
 Tettiffonia sayii Walk., List Homop., iv, p. 1158, 1852. 
 Deltocephalus sayi Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iv, p. 511, 1878. 
 Deltocephalvs sayi Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. -126, 1892. 
 Deltocephalug sayi O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 207, pi. 23, fig. 2, 1*97. 
 Deltocephalvs sayi Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 519, 1905. 
 Deltocephalvs sayi Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. But., Bui. 108, p. 84, fi<r. 20, 1912. 
 Deltocephalvs sayi Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 117, 1915. 
 Deltocephalvs sayi De L., Tennl St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 46, 1916. 
 Deltocephalus sayi Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 642, 1917. 
 Deltocephalvs sayi Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 183, 1918. 
 
 Form: Short, robust forms, not distinctly wedge-shaped as preceding 
 species. Length, 3.25 to 3.5 mm. Vertex a little longer than width be- 
 tween eyes, rather acutely pointed. Pronotum short, two and a half times 
 as broad as long, humeral margins seemingly forming a part of the 
 posterior margin. Elytra short and broad, almost truncate apically, ex- 
 ceeded by abdomen, outer costal veins not strongly reflexed. 
 
 Color: Brownish; vei'tex nearly reddish-brown with margins, tip, 
 median and basal transverse lines and a median longitudinal line, light. 
 Pronotum with six faint longitudinal lines. Elytra with lighter areas 
 across base and a broader one across tip of clavus, the rest with the light 
 nervures heavily margined with brown. Face light bi-own with heavy 
 dark arcs. 
 
 External genitulia : Female, last ventral segment moderately long, 
 posterior margin emarginate; broad spiny pygofers equalling or slightly 
 exceeded by ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment as long as preceding;
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 145 
 
 valve, broad, obtusely produced posteriorly; plates broad basally then 
 narrowed and running with parallel margins to obliquely truncate apices; 
 margins with bristles on proximal two-thirds, exceeding the short 
 pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles very large, with large triangular 
 process for attachment to connective, lateral margin broadly and deeply 
 incised apically, incision bearing fine hairs forming a sler\der, curving 
 apex, crenulated on extreme inner margin ; connective narrow proximally, 
 then widening, then narrowing to parallel-margined apical portion, hol- 
 lowed for nearly entire length; oedagus very characteristic with broad 
 base sending two short arms dorsad, then slightly tapering to apex 
 where it widens and flattens out into two wings, from between which there 
 extend dorsad two long slender processes with a pair of stout recurved 
 spines cephalad ot these. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas, Decatur and Pottawatomie 
 counties. 
 
 . Hosts: Blue grass seems to be the chief host. 
 Deltocephalus misellus Bail. 
 
 Dettocephaht misellus Ball, Can. Ent., xxxi, p. 191, 1899. 
 
 Deltocephaiu misellus barb., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxiii, p. 533, 1914. 
 
 Deltocephaiu misellus Gibs. & Cog., Ohio Jl. Sci., xvi, p. 75, 1913. 
 
 Deltocephaiu misellus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 117, 1915. 
 
 Deltocephalu misellus Van IX, Cat. Heniip. N. A., p. 642, 1917. 
 
 Form: Resembling sayi, but smaller. Length, 2.75 to 3 mm. Vertex 
 flat, as long as width between the eyes, obtusely angled apically. Prono- 
 tum over twice as wide as long, strongly convex anteriorly, posterior 
 margin slightly emarginate, fusing with humeral margins, lateral mar- 
 gins very short. Elytra broad and short, broadly rounding apically, 
 shorter than abdomen in female, exceeding abdomen in male. 
 
 Color: Cinereous, marked with brown; vertex white, with two oblique 
 lines at apex whose base is joined by a brown line, two large brown spots 
 on the disc, and two smaller ones at the base. Pronotum showing faintly 
 four broad longitudinal lines, otherwise irregularly fuscous marked. 
 Elytra cinereous with white nervures generally strongly margined with 
 fuscous. Face fuscous marked with light arcs. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than 
 preceding, somewhat narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin somewhat 
 produced, especially medially; pygofers sparsely bristled, slightly ex- 
 ceeded by the ovipositor. Male, valve triangular, obtuse apically; plates 
 together forming a triangle broader than long, spiny margins regu- 
 larly tapering to the acute, slightly divergent apices; pygofers very short, 
 very sparsely bristled, exceeded by the plates. 
 
 Distribution: This species has not yet been taken from this 
 state but should be found in the northeastern portion. 
 
 10 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 146 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Hosts: Professor Osborn reports it from Canadian blue 
 grass. 
 
 Deltocephalus signatifrons Van D. 
 
 I > i-ll,',- 1 / :lm',Hx .-<i<niiit if ''tin 
 l),-lt<i<-,-i>ltli>x xiiinulifron 
 l><'ltiii-ri>lui!tin xianatifron 
 
 l),'lt<,CI'l>lllllllX xilinlltifl-llll 
 
 Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 305, 1892. 
 
 G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 89, 1895. 
 
 O. & B., la. Agr. Col. Exp. Sta., Bui. 34, p. 135, 1897. 
 
 Osb., Proc. la. Acatl. Sci., iv, p. 215, pi. 25, fisj. 1, 1897. 
 
 Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 645, 1917. 
 
 Form: Males appearing rather slender, females more robust. Length, 
 3 to 3.5 mm. Vertex slightly sloping, broader than long, obtusely to 
 roundingly produced apically. Pronotum less than twice as broad as 
 long, strongly convex anteriorly, lateral margins very short, humeral 
 margins distinct but rounding with slightly emarginate posterior margin. 
 Elytra usually exceeding the abdomen, but only equalling it in some 
 females, middle anteapical cell distinctly constricted. 
 
 Color: Ashy-gray tinged with fuscous; vertex slightly yellowish, with 
 four large quadrate brown spots on the disc, a pair of smaller and darker 
 ones at the apex and frequently a spot between the latter and the ocelli. 
 Pronotum grayish, mottled with brown and with five faint, light, longi- 
 tudinal lines. Scutellum with basal angles dark and disc irregularly 
 mottled with brown. Elytra with nervures light, in some places milky 
 white, and usually strongly margined with fuscous. Face heavily marked 
 with black arcs and dots. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment a little longer than 
 preceding, lateral angles prominent, posterior margin broadly excavated 
 and bearing two prominent obtusely pointed teeth which are separated 
 by an incision reaching about one-third of the distance to the base; 
 pygofers broad, spiny, and equalling or slightly exceeded by the oviposi- 
 tor. Male, last ventral segment about the length of the preceding; valve 
 broad, short, broadly rounded posteriorly; plates very broad, a little 
 over fwice the length of the valve, very widely truncate apically, margined 
 with moderately fine hairs; pygofers short, barely exceeding plates, bear- 
 ing long bristles. 
 
 Distribution: Taken hitherto in four western counties, 
 namely: Decatur, Sheridan, Wallace and Hodgeman. 
 
 Hosts: Gillette and Baker report this species from beans 
 and alfalfa, while Osborn and Ball report it as infesting weedy 
 places. 
 
 Deltocephalus minimus 0. & B. 
 
 Deltocephalus minimus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 211, pi. 24, fig. 4, 1897. 
 Deltocephalus minimi/* Mete., Jl. EHsha Mitchell Sci. Soc., xxxi, p. 24, 1915. 
 Deltocephalus minimus De L., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent, Bui. 17, p. 47, 1916. 
 Deltocephalus melsheimerii Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 647, 1917. 
 
 Form: Small and slender. Length, 2.25 to 3 mm. Vertex a little 
 longer than wide in the female, about as long as wide in the male, more 
 rounded apically in the male. Pronotum not quite twice as broad as long,
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 147 
 
 strongly convex anteriorly, lateral margins very short, long humeral 
 margins rounding with very slightly concave posterior margin. Elytra 
 long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Yellowish-green; disc of pronotum and basal portion of elytra 
 darker green, distal portion of elytra lighter. Face fuscous with lighter 
 arcs. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment longer than pre- 
 ceding, lateral margins narrowed posteriorly with slight lateral angles 
 or rounding with posterior margin which is slightly convex, with three 
 small median notches margined with black; pygofers bristly and long, 
 equalling or slightly exceeded by ovipositor. Male, valve large, triangu- 
 lar, apex rather obtuse; plates broad, three times length of valve, regu- 
 larly tapering to acute tips; pygofers long and narrow, exceeding plates, 
 very bristly. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee and Franklin counties. 
 
 Hosts: Grass feeders. Osborn and Ball suggest Sporobolus 
 and Stipa as hosts. 
 
 After studying the types of this species in Professor Ball's 
 collection, and comparing them with specimens of Deltocepha- 
 lus melsheimerii Fh., sent him by Professor Osborn from 
 Maine, it is impossible to agree with Mr. Van Duzee in making 
 these species synonymous. The genitalia, both male and fe- 
 male, are entirely alike. Deltocephalus minimus has the fe- 
 male ultimate segment distinctly notched three times medially, 
 and the lateral margins are distinctly narrowed posteriorly, 
 so that the posterior margin is clearly narrower than the an- 
 terior. Deltocephalus melsheimerii, on the other hand, has a 
 more truncate and unnotched posterior margin which is as 
 wide as the anterior margin, for the lateral margins are not 
 narrowed posteriorly, forming right angles with the posterior 
 margin. In the male genitalia the differences are even more 
 noticeable. In Deltocephalus melsheimerii the valve is shorter 
 and more rounded posteriorly than in Deltocephalus minimus. 
 The plates, however, are very characteristic. In the former 
 they are very broad, and continue, almost parallel-margined 
 to the broad, upturned, obtusely-pointed or truncate apices. 
 In the latter the plates are longer, more slender, and tapering 
 posteriorly to the acute apices which are not upturned. 
 
 Deltocephalus parvulus Gill. 
 
 Deltocephalus parvulus Gill., Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 43, p. 23, 1898. 
 Deltocephalus parviihix Va-n D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 647, 1917. 
 
 Form: Much like preceding species. Length, 2.5 to 3 mm. Vertex 
 slightly longer than wide in female, about as long as wide in male, sub-
 
 148 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 acute apically in female, more rounded in male. Vertex long, not twice 
 as wide as long, strongly convex anteriorly, lateral margin very short, 
 long humeral margins rounding to slightly concave, posterior margin. 
 Elytra long and slender, exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Greenish-yellow; vertex yellowish with two brown lines ex- 
 tending from apex to base. Pronotum yellowish-green, sometimes with 
 two brown longitudinal lines. Scutellum yellow. Elytra yellowish-green, 
 subhyaline, nervures brighter. Face pale fuscous with pale arcs. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin strongly and round- 
 ingly produced, unicolorous; pygofers long and narrow, equalling or 
 slightly exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely bristled. Male, valve small, 
 triangular, apex subacute, smaller and more acute than in minimus, 
 plates long and narrow, spiny margined, apices acute. 
 
 Distribution: Collected in large numbers in Ottawa county. 
 
 Hosts: Professor Gillette reports this species on short 
 prairie grasses. The writer swept them in abundance from 
 pastures composed chiefly of Bouteloua and Buchloe. 
 
 Deltocephalus debilis Uhl. 
 
 Deltocephalus debilis Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., i, p. 360, 1876. 
 Deltocephalus melsheimeri Osb., Proe. la. Acad. Sci., 1, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 Deltocephalus debilis O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 210, pi. 23, fig. 2, 1897. 
 Deltocephalus debilis Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 520, 1905. 
 Deltocephalus debilis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 49, 1916. 
 Deltocephalus debUis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 646, 1917. 
 Deltocephalus debilis Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 65, 1919. 
 
 Form: Larger and more robust than two preceding species. Length, 
 3 to 4.75 mm. Vertex longer than wide, or width equal to length, acutely 
 angled. Pronotum not over twice as broad as long, strongly convex an- 
 teriorly, lateral margins very short, humeral margins rounding into 
 slightly concave posterior margin. Elytra varying in length, sometimes 
 shorter, usually longer than abdomen. 
 
 Color: Greenish; vertex, anterior portion of pronotum and scutellum 
 yellow, median line of vertex and ocelli black. Elytra subhyaline with 
 veins light. Face brownish with pale arcs and median line. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment long, posterior 
 margin rounded with narrow, deep, median notch or sometimes nearly 
 truncate with a shallow notch between two small lobes; pygofers broad, 
 broadest at middle, and sparsely spined, equalling or slightly exceeded by 
 ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment shorter than preceding, valve 
 roundingly produced posteriorly; plates together as broad at base as 
 long, margins spined, each with a black spot, apices obtuse, exceeded by 
 the acutely pointed and long-bristled pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Collected in Douglas and Pottawatomie coun- 
 ties. 
 
 Hosts: Found on low grounds and in wooded regions.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^. 149 
 
 Deltocephalus collinus Boh. 
 
 Deltocephalus collinus Boh., Kong. Vet. Akad. Handl. for 1850, p. 261. 
 
 Deltocephalus aridellus Boh., Kong. Vet. Akad. Handl. for 1850, p. 263. 
 
 Deltocephalus collinus Fieb., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., xix, p. 216, pi. 6, fig. 42, 
 1869. 
 
 Deltocephalus collinus Edw., Hemip. Homop. Brit. Isds., p. 264, pi. 29, figs. 4, 5, 
 1896. 
 
 Deltocephalus collinus O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 80, 1898. 
 
 Deltocephalus collinus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 647, 1917. 
 
 Form: Robust and like affinis. Length, 3.25 to 4 mm. Vertex about 
 as long as wide, sometimes wider, rather obtusely angled. Pronotum 
 less than twice as broad as long, anterior margin strongly convex, lateral 
 margins short, humeral margins rounding into slightly concave posterior 
 margin. Elytra narrow, either short, reaching to base of penultimate 
 segment and diverging from the tip of the clavus, or long in some females, 
 exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Greenish-yellow, practically unicolorous ; vertex sometimes 
 marked with light brown on either side of a light stripe enclosing the 
 dark, median, impressed line. Pronotum sometimes with signs of six 
 fuscous longitudinal lines. Elytra with light nervures, tip hyaline, ab- 
 domen sometimes marked with fuscous stripes. Face fuscous marked 
 with light median line and arcs. 
 
 External genitalla: Female, last ventral segment longer than preced- 
 ing, narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin seemingly with five lobes, the 
 two outer light colored ones small, and separated shallowly from the 
 small black lobes next to them, and these in turn separated by a deeper 
 excavation from the light colored median lobe ; pygofers narrowed basally, 
 long and narrowed, bristly, slightly exceeding the ovipositor. Male, last 
 ventral segment two-thirds as long as preceding ; valve large, nearly twice 
 as wide as long, obtusely angulated posteriorly; plates broad, margins 
 convex till near the apex, then concavely narrowing to the obtuse apices 
 which are slightly exceeded by the spiny pygofers.
 
 150 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: Fairly common in western portion of the state, 
 as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball give Sporobolus as the host. 
 Deltocephalus affinis G. & B. 
 
 (PI. 12, figs. 5-6.) 
 
 Deltocephalvs affinis G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 84, 1895. 
 Deltocephalus melsheimerii Van D., Psyche, v, p. 390, 1890. 
 Deltocephalus debUis Osb., Ia>. Agr. Col. Exp. Sta., Bui. 13, p. 100, 1891. 
 Deltocephalus debilis Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 30, p. 45, 1893. 
 Deltocephalus melsheimerii O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 211, pi. 24, fig. 1, 1807. 
 Deltocephalus affinis Bak., Psyche, viii, p. 118, 1897. 
 Deltocephalus affinis Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 522, 1905. 
 Deltocephalus affinis Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 82, fig. 18, 19)2 
 Deltocephalus affinis Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 122, 1915. 
 Deltocephalus affinis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 648, 1917. 
 Deltocephalus affinis Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, 184, 1918. 
 
 Form: Length, 3 to 4 mm. Vertex wider than long, obtusely pointed. 
 Pronotum a little longer than the vertex, lateral margins short, humeral 
 margins distinctly angled with the slightly emarginate posterior margin. 
 Elytra long, barely exceeding the abdomen sometimes, and again greatly 
 exceeding it. 
 
 Color: Pale ashy-green, usually marked with fuscous. Vertex and 
 pronotum often unicolorous or mottled with fuscous, the latter sometimes 
 showing five pale longitudinal stripes. Elytra often unicolorously green- 
 ish-brown, sometimes with nervures heavily bordered with fuscous. Face 
 fuscous with light median line and arcs. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, slightly nar- 
 rowed posteriorly, posterior margin broadly and angularly emarginate; 
 pygofers spiny on distal half, broad, equalling ovipositor. Male, last 
 ventral segment as long as preceding, valve very characteristic, large and 
 inflated, concealing all but the obtuse and divergent apices of the short 
 plates ; pygofers very short, each with a tuft of long bristles.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 
 
 151 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles with a very large and characteristic 
 projection to meet the connective, main body of about uniform diameter 
 till near the apex, then excavated laterally, forming an outwardly curved 
 and knobbed apex, connective very long and slender, notched basally for 
 nearly one-half its length; oedagus with a pair of lateral, dorsally pro- 
 jected processes, and a longer median and terminal process. 
 
 Distribution: Very abundant wherever its host occurs. The 
 following map shows counties in which it has been taken : 
 
 CHErciM 
 
 C RAWLINS 
 
 DECftTUS 
 
 NORTON 
 
 PHILL 
 
 SMITH 
 
 JEWELL 
 
 REPUP 
 
 WASH 
 
 HARSH 
 
 NE 
 
 1. BRW 
 
 UCHlS 
 
 S 
 
 I 
 
 A 
 
 SHtRHA 
 
 N THOMAS 
 
 SHERl. 
 
 GRAH 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSB. 
 
 HITCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 5 
 
 DICK J: 
 
 i&5 
 g 
 
 10RRIS 
 
 1 
 
 A8. 
 
 
 WALLACt 
 
 LOGAN 
 
 GOVE 
 
 TREGO 
 
 ELLIS 
 
 RU55 
 
 LINC 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 SHAnL 
 
 lh 
 
 k\ 
 
 JOHN 
 
 
 ELLS 
 
 SAUNE 
 
 
 OSAGE 
 COfTE 
 
 DOUG. 
 
 GREVr 
 
 met 
 
 5COTT 
 
 LANE 
 
 NESS 
 
 'RUSH 
 
 BARTOH 
 
 RICE 
 
 nPHER 
 
 L 
 
 nmoN 
 
 CHASE 
 
 
 FRANK 
 
 nwni 
 
 HAM 
 
 (CAR. 
 
 FIIMI* 
 
 EY 
 
 HODGE. 
 
 ^ WNK |jTAf 
 
 RENO 
 
 
 HARVEY 
 
 
 
 ANOCR 
 
 UrtfV 
 
 G(?Ar 
 
 FORD 
 
 EOW.. I 
 
 
 
 BUTLER 
 
 GREEN: 
 
 WOOD. 
 
 ALLEN 
 
 aouo 
 
 STAN. 
 
 MMT 
 
 MASK. 
 
 KIOWA 
 
 PI?ATT 
 
 KING. 
 
 SEDGE. 
 
 ELK. 
 
 WILSON 
 
 NCOS. 
 
 CRAW. 
 
 nORT S 
 
 TC.V. 
 
 SEW. 
 
 MEAO 
 
 2* 
 
 COHAN. 
 
 BAR8E 
 
 HARP. 
 
 SUHNER 
 
 cow. 
 
 CHAUT 
 
 nONT. 
 
 LAB. 
 
 CRO 
 
 Hosts: Blue grass. 
 
 Deltocephalus oculatus 0. & B. 
 
 Deltocephalus oculatus O. & B., la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 212, pi. 23, fig. 4, 1897. 
 Deltocephalus oculatus De L., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 48, 1916. 
 Deltocephalus oculatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 648, 1917. 
 Deltocephalus oculatus Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 184, 1918. 
 
 Form: Like affinis, smaller. Length, 3.5 mm. Vertex slightly longer 
 than width between eyes, obtusely pointed. Pronotum not twice as broad 
 as long, lateral margins short. Elytra long and narrow, much exceeding 
 abdomen. 
 
 Color: Distinctly yellow, face marked with fuscous arcs. Elytra not 
 as bright yellow as vertex, pronotum and scutellum. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment about length of pre- 
 ceding, lateral angles acute, middle third of posterior margin truncately 
 produced, dark, and thin lobed ; pygof ers bristly, broad, equalling ovi- 
 positor. Male, valve broad, triangular, acute apically; plates broad at 
 base, much narrowed apically to the slender, produced apices; pygof ers 
 long and very acute at apices, exceeding plates and spiny.
 
 152 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: As shown by the map, this species is seemingly 
 more abundant in the eastern part of the state. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball give Andropogon scoparius as a 
 host, while De Long records it on Aristida gracilis. 
 
 Deltocephalus sylvestris O. & B. 
 
 Deltocephalus sylvestris O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 213, pi. 25, fig. 4, 1897. 
 Deltocephalus sylvestris Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 119, 1915. 
 Deltocephalus sylvestris DeL., Term. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 49, 1916. 
 Deltocephalus sylvestris Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 49, 1917. 
 Deltocephalus sylvestris Pent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 184, 1918. 
 
 Form: More slender than oculatus. Length, 3.5 mm. Vertex dis- 
 tinctly longer than wide, acutely pointed. Pronotum long, with short 
 lateral margins and distinctly emarginate posterior margin. Elytra long 
 and narrow, distinctly exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Greenish-yellow marked with fuscous; vertex greenish-yellow, 
 with two brownish lines from apex towards each eye and with a dark 
 median line. Pronotum with traces of five longitudinal lines; elytra 
 greenish, nervures light, sometimes margined with fuscous. Face fus- 
 cous with median line and arcs pale. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment narrowed posteriorly, 
 short, except for long median third which is strongly and abruptly pro- 
 duced and black. Male, valve broad, apex obtusely angulated ; plates very 
 broad, three times the length of valve, spines divergent and acute, mar- 
 gins spiny; bristly pygofers slightly exceeding plates. 
 
 Distribution: Taken only in Douglas and Cherokee counties. 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball report this species from blue grass 
 in wooded areas.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^:. 153 
 
 Deltocephalus flavicosta Stal. 
 
 (PI. 12, figs. 3-4.) 
 
 Jasstts (Deltocephalus) flavicosta Stal, Rio Jan. Hemip., ii, p. 53, 1862. 
 Deltocephalus flavicosta Van D., Can. Ent., xxiv, p. 116, 1892. 
 Deltocephalus retrorsus Uhl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. for 1895, p. 78. 
 Deltocephalus harrisi (Fh. MS.) in collections. 
 
 Deltocephalus flavocostatus O. & B., Proc_ la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 217, 1897. 
 Deltocephalus flavicosta Bak., Psyche, viii, p. 117, 1897. 
 
 Deltocephalus retroversus (Uhl. MS.) Smith, Cat. Ins. N. J., edn. 2, p. 95, 1900. 
 Deltocephalus flavocostatus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 49, 1916. 
 Deltocephalus flavicosta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 645, 1917. 
 Deltocephalus flavicosta Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 64, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. Vertex distinctly wider than long, an- 
 terior margin nearly round, disc convex and sloping, without well-de- 
 veloped margin. Pronotum long, strongly convex anteriorly, lateral 
 margins very short, humeral margins long and rounding with slightly 
 emarginate posterior margin. Elytra long and narrow, exceeding the 
 abdomen. 
 
 Color: Dark brown to black; vertex with four apical spots in form of 
 a square, three against each eye, and two at middle of posterior margin, 
 yellow. Pronotum with five yellow spots on anterior portion and five 
 faint longitudinal lines. Elytra very characteristic because of the yellow 
 two-thirds of costal area and two outer costal veinlets sometimes broadly 
 light. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin roundingly produced 
 and sometimes with a small median notch; pygofers sparsely spined, 
 broad and short, exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment 
 as long as preceding; valve broad, triangular, margins slightly concave 
 to obtuse or rounded apex; plates broad at base, longer than valve, mar- 
 gins with few spines, narrowing to acute apices which exceed the sparsely 
 spined short pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles acute at either end, apically toothed 
 on inner margin and sending long, parallel-sided processes from near 
 their middle length seemingly direct to the redagus, which is semicircular 
 when viewed laterally, and broad till near the apex, then greatly nar- 
 rowed, but ending obtusely.
 
 154 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: Common throughout the eastern part of the 
 state. Often attracted to lights. The following map shows 
 counties furnishing specimens: 
 
 Hosts: Taken on weeds and grasses. 
 
 Deltocephalus weedi Van D. 
 
 Deltocephalvs weedi Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 306, 
 
 Deltocephalu 
 Deltocephalu 
 Deltocephalu 
 Deltocephalu 
 Deltocephalu 
 
 weedi O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 216, pi. 25, fig. 2, 
 weedi DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 52, 1916. 
 weedi Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 643, 1917. 
 weedi Pent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 184, 1918. 
 weedi Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 62, 1919. 
 
 Form : Small and robust. Length, 3 mm. Vertex a little longer than 
 wide, rather acutely pointed, at least more acute than in two following 
 species. Pronotum long, not over twice as broad as long, strongly con- 
 vex anteriorly, lateral margins very short, humeral margins long, broadly 
 rounding with slightly concave posterior margin. Elytra slightly longer 
 than the abdomen, somewhat flaring, the clavus well reticulated, the 
 central anteapical cell divided. 
 
 Color: Brown; vertex with two triangular fuscous, apical spots, a 
 black spot above each ocellus, a medially widened, transverse, broad band 
 on the disc, with a pair of light fuscous basal spots and a dark median 
 longitudinal line. Pronotum with five white longitudinal lines, two large 
 fuscous apical spots and irregular fuscous spots posteriorly, parallel to 
 anterior margin. Scutellum with dark basal angles. Elytra with nervures 
 broadly white and uniformly bordered with fuscous, sometimes the cells 
 entirely fuscous. Face black with white arcs. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment one-third longer 
 than preceding, posterior margin broadly and roundly slightly concave; 
 pygofers broad, bristled on distal half, slightly exceeded by the ovipositor. 
 Male, last ventral segment as long as preceding, posterior margin dis-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLIDvE. 
 
 155 
 
 tinctly concave, valve broad, broadly rounded posteriorly; plates together 
 half broader than long, spiny margins rounding to obtuse apices; pygofers 
 broad and short, equalling or slightly exceeding plates, and with long 
 bristles. 
 
 Distribution: Found in the eastern part of the state, as 
 shown by the following map : 
 
 CMErtNN 
 
 C RAWLINS 
 
 DECAIU 
 
 NORTON 
 
 PHILL 
 
 sn,TH 
 
 ^wtu 
 
 REPUP 
 
 WASH 
 
 HARSH 
 
 NEn. 
 
 BROrYNf^" 
 L-r-W 
 
 i 
 
 SHCRHA 
 
 N THOMAS 
 
 SHER 
 
 GRAH 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSB 
 
 HITCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 DICK j: 
 It 
 
 EARTj y, 
 
 lORRiS 
 
 A| 
 
 AB 
 
 ACK. . 
 
 Sf 
 
 WALLAC 
 
 LOGAN 
 
 cove 
 
 TRECO 
 
 CLLIS 
 
 RUSS 
 
 LINC 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 Sh 
 
 AW- 
 
 Rr-i 
 
 tv^^ 
 
 JOHN 
 
 
 ELL5>Y 
 
 SALINE 
 
 OSACt 
 
 DDU& 
 
 GRtVr 
 
 (VlCH 
 
 acoTr 
 
 LANE 
 
 NCS5 
 
 RUSH 
 
 BARTCN 
 
 LTON 
 EtN 
 
 FRANK 
 
 ni/im 
 
 HAH 
 
 (CAR. 
 
 n " 
 
 EV 
 
 HODGE 
 
 PAWNEt 
 EOvvH 
 
 JjTAF 
 PI?ATT 
 
 RENO 
 KING 
 
 Ts 
 
 HAR 
 
 cr 
 
 _i: 
 
 USE; 
 
 &R 
 
 COTFC 
 
 ANDtfi 
 
 LIN'< 
 
 
 roKo 
 
 COGE 
 
 BUTLER 
 
 WOOD 
 
 ALLtK 
 
 BOUR 
 CRAW. 
 
 STAN. 
 
 SAW 
 
 MASK. 
 
 KlCHVA 
 
 A 
 
 LSO; 
 
 NCOS 
 
 ELK 
 
 riORT S 
 
 TLY 
 
 SEW: 
 
 MEAD 
 
 CLWK 
 
 CCMAN. 
 
 6AR8E 
 
 t HARP SUnNER 
 
 COW 
 
 CHAJT 
 
 HONT 
 
 LAB 
 
 C^RO 
 
 Hosts: Taken when sweeping grasses and weeds. 
 Deltocephahis obtectus 0. & B. 
 
 Deltocephalus obtectu O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 78, 1898. 
 
 Deltocephalus obtectu Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 521, 1905. 
 
 Deltocephalus obtectu Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 118, 1915. 
 
 Deltocephalus obtectu DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 53, 1916. 
 
 Deltocephalus obtectu Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 643, 1917. 
 
 Deltocephalus obtectu Lathr., S. C. Agr. Col., Bui. 199, p. 63, 1919. 
 
 Form: Resembles weedi, slightly larger. Length, 3 to 3.5 mm. Ver- 
 tex slightly wider than long, disc sloping and broadly rounding with 
 front, vertex distinctly more obtuse than in tveedi. Pronotum about the 
 length of vertex, lateral margins very short. Elytra usually exceeding 
 abdomen, flaring, clavus reticulated, central anteapical cell divided. 
 
 Color: Light gray marked with fuscous, duller colored than either 
 weedi or compactus. Vertex whitish or yellowish, two brown dashes at 
 apex, two brown curved lines outside these, a black spot inside each 
 ocellus, back of these a dark transverse band on each side, from whose 
 inner end short dark lines run back parallel to the dark median line, and 
 with two large brown basal spots. Pronotum with large dark spots back 
 of each eye, other smaller ones parallel with anterior margin, and with 
 faint indications of the five longitudinal stripes. Scutellum with basal 
 angles dark and often bearing a pair of dots on disc. Elytra with nerv- 
 ures broadly white and more or less margined with fuscous, with black 
 spots on clavus, corium, and then on distal half of costal margin. Face 
 brown with light arcs.
 
 156 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 External genitalla: Female, last ventral segment consisting of two 
 membranes, the lateral margins only of the inner one visible from under 
 the outer membrane which is about half as long as it is wide, much 
 narrowed to slightly rounded nearly truncate posterior margin ; pygofers 
 broad, distally spined and equalling the ovipositor. Male, last ventral 
 segment as long as preceding, distinctly shortened medially by the broadly 
 rounded excavation of the posterior margin; valve large, margins dis- 
 tinctly concave medially and then rounding to obtuse apex; plates broad, 
 spiny mai-gins quickly narrowing to the attenuate and acute tips; py- 
 gofers densely bristled, their acute tips exceeding the plates. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee county only. 
 
 Hosts: De Long reports this species from small grasses. 
 
 Deltocephalus compactus 0. & B. 
 
 Deltocephalus compactus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 217, pi. 25, fig. 3, 1897. 
 Deltocephalus compactus Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 521, 1905. 
 Deltocephalus compactus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 52, 1916. 
 Deltocephalus compactus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 643, 1917. 
 Deltocephalus compactus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 63, 1919. 
 
 Form: Much like ^veedi. Length, 2.75 mm. Vertex with length 
 equalling width or slightly longer, disc sloping and roundingly meeting 
 front, quite obtuse apically. Pronotum as in obtectus. Elytra short, 
 broad, sometimes nearly equalling abdomen, sometimes exceeding it, 
 clavus reticulated, central anteapical cell divided. 
 
 Color: Very much like weedi, brown; vertex yellowish, with ocelli, a 
 pair of spots inside them and a pair at apex, black, a large broad pair 
 light brown and curved marginally, a pair of transverse median and 
 median longitudinal lines, black. Pronotum brown with the five faint 
 longitudinal lines. Scutellum with basal angles and two spots on disc, 
 dark. Elytra brown with nervures broadly light and usually heavily 
 margined with fuscous. Face black with light arcs. 
 
 External genitctlia: Female, last ventral segment consisting of two 
 membranes as in obtectus, the inner deeply and circularly emarginate 
 behind, nearly covered by the outer membrane which is twice as broad 
 as long, with its posterior margin roundingly and medially produced; 
 pygofers broad, distally spined, exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last 
 ventral segment as long as preceding except medially, due to broad and 
 angular excavation of the posterior margin ; valve small, posterior margin 
 slightly rounded; plates broad at base, but with spiny margins concavely 
 narrowed to attenuated and acute apices, which exceed the short, bristly 
 pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie county. 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball report this species from Sporobolus 
 hookeri; De Long reports it as abundant on Aristida gracilis.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 157 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus (Say). 
 
 (PI. 12, figs. 1-2.) 
 
 Jassus inimicus Say, JI. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 305, 1831; Compl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 382. 
 
 Amblycephalus inimicus Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 61, 1851. 
 
 Tettigonia inimica Walk., List Homop., iv, p. 1158, 1852. 
 
 Jassus 6-punctatus Prov., Nat. Can.,, iv, p. 378, 1872. 
 
 Jassus inimicus Forbes, 14th Kept. 111. St. Ent., pp. 22, 67, 1884. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus Van D., Can. Ent., xxi, p. 11, 1889. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus Osb., la. St. Agr. Soc., Kept, for 1892, p. 687. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus Osb., Insect Life, v, p. 113, 1892. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 30, p. 45, 1893. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 215, pi. 24, fig. 3, 1897. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 523, 1905. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 72, fig. 11, 1912. 
 
 Deltocephahis inimicus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. St., Bui. 238, p. 123, 1915. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 51, 1916. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 644, 1917. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 184, 1918. 
 
 Form: A large, fairly robust species. Length, 2.75 to 5 mm. Vertex 
 distinctly wider than long, disc slightly concave and rounding with front, 
 very obtusely or roundingly angulate apically. Pronotum long, not 
 twice as broad as long, lateral margins very short. Elytra long and 
 rather narrow, exceeding the abdomen, clavus reticulate, middle ante- 
 apical cell constricted and divided. 
 
 Color: Grayish or light fuscous marked with brown. Vertex whitish 
 or yellowish in light forms, fuscous in dark ones, with two small apical 
 spots, a pair of large round black ones before the eyes and between and 
 behind these a pair of smaller fuscous spots. Pronotum with two large 
 black spots on anterior margin, sometimes others near anterior- border, 
 and with five faint, longitudinal, light lines. Scutellum with black basal 
 angles. Elytra with the nervures broadly light, bordered with fuscous, 
 especially in the apical region. Face fuscous with light median line and 
 arcs. The color of this species varies very greatly from almost unmarked 
 forms to very dark ones. The three pairs of spots, however, on vertex, 
 pronotum and scutellum, are quite constant and thus readily distinguish 
 the species. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about as long as 
 preceding, composed of two membranes, the inner broadly excavated 
 posteriorly, only the rounded, lateral angles showing from under the 
 outer membrane, which is suddenly narrowed posteriorly and terminates 
 in a three-lobed posterior margin, which is about half the width of the 
 broad anterior margin; spiny pygofers long and narrow, equalling or 
 only slightly exceeded by ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment as 
 long as preceding, posterior margin roundingly emarginate; valve short, 
 triangular, apex obtuse, margins slightly concave; plates nearly as broad 
 as valve at base, spiny margins concavely narrowed to attenuate and 
 acute apices; pygofers broad, apically obtuse, sparsely spined, slightly 
 exceeding plates.
 
 158 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 External male genitalia: Styles triangular, with a long process to 
 connective, lateral margin with a small, but distinct notch preapically, 
 apex obtuse and granulated; connective flat, with middle portion cut 
 away; oedagus long and robust, heavier basally, sinuate to obtusely 
 rounded bifid apex, with a slightly chitinized basal, dorsally projecting 
 process for attachment to the base of the anal tube. 
 
 Distribution: One of the commonest species as shown by the 
 following map. Sometimes occurs in swarms at lights. 
 
 Hosts: Blue grass chiefly, among many grasses and weeds. 
 Osborn records it as injurious to wheat and oats also. One 
 of the most destructive of our leaf hoppers. 
 
 Deltocephalus osborni Van D. 
 
 Deltocephalvs osborni Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 304, 1892. 
 Athysanus osborni O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 220, 1897. 
 Athysanus- osborni O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 249, pi. 17, fig. 4, 1902. 
 Athysanus osborni Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 527, 1905. 
 Ahtysan-us osborni Kirk., Haw. S. P. A., Exp. Sta. Bui., iii, p. 58, 1907. 
 Deltocephalus osborni Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 649, 1917. 
 
 Form: Large and robust. Length, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. Vertex about one 
 and a half times as wide as long, disc flat, rounding with front, apex ob- 
 tusely or roundingly angled. Pronotum short, over twice as wide as long, 
 lateral margins very short. Elytra usually longer than abdomen, some- 
 times shorter, flaring, clavus not reticulate, two cross nervures between 
 the sectors, middle anteapical cell divided. 
 
 Color: Almost uniformly straw- or tawny-yellow; vertex with four 
 black marginal spots, the middle ones larger. Pronotum with five pale 
 longitudinal lines. Elytra with light nervures, often margined with 
 fuscous. Face with pale median line and arcs. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment composed of two 
 membranes, the rounded lateral corners of the deeply excavated inner 
 one showing at the sides of the basally broad, posteriorly much narrowed
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 159 
 
 outer membrane whose posterior margin is then lobed, the middle one 
 being smaller than the lateral lobes; pygofers rather narrow, broadest 
 at the middle, slightly exceeded by the ovipositor, and spined on distal 
 half. Male, last ventral segment as long as preceding, posterior margin 
 concave; valve very small, rounded posteriorly; plates broadly triangular, 
 acute at tips, few spines on margins, exceeded by the basally broad, 
 acutely-tipped, long bristled pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Collected in Douglas and Pottawatomie coun- 
 ties. 
 
 Hosts: Van Duzee took this species from "grass and weeds 
 near the borders of a low, swampy wood." 
 
 Deltocephalus punctatus (0. & B.). 
 
 Athysamev punctatus O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 94, 1898. 
 Deltoce/>},ali'x i,v,tc1alu Van D., Univ. Calif. P.ubl., Div. Ent., Tech. Bui., i, p. 249, 
 1916. 
 
 Deltocei'lahis punctatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 650, 1917. 
 
 Form: Short and rather robust. Length, 2.5 to 3.5 mm. Vertex 
 slightly wider than long, disc sloping, apex obtuse. Pronotum longer than 
 vertex, not twice as broad as long, lateral margins very short, humeral 
 margins long, rounding with slightly emarginate posterior margin. 
 Elytra long and narrow, exceeding abdomen and overlapping apically, or 
 short and broad, reaching sixth abdominal segment, venation indistinct. 
 
 Color: Practically uniformly brown; vertex with two large black 
 spots, dark median longitudinal line and ocelli and two apical spots red- 
 dish. Black abdomen showing through elytra. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment very long, sides 
 broadly rounded to truncate posterior margin which has a slightly ex- 
 cavated median portion; pygofers broad apically, spiny, equalling or 
 slightly exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment shorter 
 than preceding, slightly concave posteriorly; valve very broad, broadly 
 rounded posteriorly, three times as broad as long; plates broad basally, 
 spiny margins concavely narrowing to acute tips, two and one-half times 
 the length of the valve; pygofers broad at base, acute and long-bristled 
 apically, equalling the plates. 
 
 Distribution: This species has not yet been taken in the 
 state but should occur here, at least in the northeastern portion. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball took the type specimen on Sporo- 
 bolus.
 
 160 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Deltocephalus balli Van D. 
 
 Deltocephalus balli Van D., Check List Hemip., p. 71, 1916. 
 Deltocephalus nigrifrons Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxi, p. 293, 1894. 
 Deltocephalvs nigrifrons O. & B. Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 218, 1897 (in part). 
 Deltocephalus niyrifrons Bak., Psyche, viii, p. 116, 1897. 
 Deltocephalvs nigrifrons Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 122, 1915. 
 Deltocephalua nigrifrons DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 50, 1916. 
 Deltocephalus balli Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 650, 1917. 
 Deltocephalus balli Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 184, 1918. 
 
 Form: Length, 2.5 to 4 mm. Vertex over half wider than long, sloping, 
 broadly rounding with front, obtusely angulated or broadly rounding api- 
 cally. Pronotum distinctly longer than vertex, lateral margins very short, 
 humeral margins long. Elytra long and narrow, much exceeding ab- 
 domen. 
 
 Color: Yellowish-green. Vertex yellowish with row of apical black 
 spots. Pronotum showing five pale stripes. Scutellum with basal angles 
 and apex reddish, and the transverse impressed line black. Elytra with 
 light nervures, cells often fuscous. Face almost black with coalescing 
 arcs. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment longer than preced- 
 ing, narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin broadly emarginate ; pygofers 
 long and broad, broadest at middle, spined on distal half, nearly equalling 
 ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment wider than preceding, concave 
 posteriorly; valve broad but short, rounded posteriorly; plates broad at 
 base, spined margins tapering to acute apices; pygofers bearing long 
 spines, acute, and exceeding plates apically. 
 
 Distribution: Records are at hand only from Riley county, 
 but it probably occurs well over the state. 
 
 Hosts: Grasses and weeds. De Long records it on wheat 
 and rye. 
 
 Deltocephalus sonorus Ball. 
 
 Deltocephalus sonorus Ball, Can. Ent., xxxii, p. 344, 1900. 
 Deltocephalus sonorvs Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., ix, p. 220, 1909. 
 Deltocephalus sonorus Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., IMv. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 79, .1912. 
 Deltocephalus sonorus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 651, 1917. 
 
 Form: Like balli but more slender. Length, 3.25 mm. Vertex dis- 
 tinctly broader than long, sloping, broadly, rounded apically. Pronotum 
 distinctly longer than vertex, lateral margins very short, humeral mar- 
 gins long. Elytra long and narrow, venation distinct. 
 
 Color: Fuscous; vertex pale yellow with six marginal black spots, 
 the middle ones larger than the others, and back of each spot a light brown 
 spot on disc. Pronotum greenish-yellow with five light longitudinal lines. 
 Elytra subhyaline, nervures light, often margined with fuscous. Face 
 fuscous with light median line and arcs. 
 
 External genitalia.: Female, last ventral segment half longer than 
 preceding, lateral margins narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin slightly 
 emarginate medially; pygofers rather narrow and long, spiny on distal
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 161 
 
 half, equalling the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment as long laterally 
 as preceding, but with posterior margin concave; valve broad but short, 
 rounded broadly posteriorly; plates broad basally, spined margins taper- 
 ing to acute tips; pygofers exceeding plates, armed with a few stout and 
 many fine bristles. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie county only. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn reports it as occurring on annual grasses. 
 
 Genus LONATURA 0. & B. 
 
 The members of this genus have a conical head, over three 
 times as wide across the eyes as the length of the vertex, which 
 is obtusely angled. The pronotum is short, scarcely as long 
 as the vertex, only slightly emarginate posteriorly, covering 
 base of elytra and scutellum in brachypterous forms. Elytra 
 with obscure venation and only two anteapical cells, long and 
 narrow, with large appendix, or short and broad, covering only 
 second abdominal segment. 
 
 At least three species of this genus should occur in Kansas, 
 only one, however, having yet been taken. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Forms small, less than 3 mm. catalina. 
 AA. Forms larger, 3 mm. or over. 
 
 B. Forms large, elytra covering only first two abdominal segments 
 
 and each with at least one black spot. noctivaga. 
 BB. Forms smaller, elytra longer, covering all but two last seg- 
 ments of abdomen and without spots. nebidosa 
 
 Lonatura catalina 0. & B. 
 
 Lonatura catalina O. & B., Proc. I>av. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 83, pi. 4, fig. 2, 1898. 
 Lonatura catalina DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 93, 1916. 
 Lonatura catalina Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 651, 1917. 
 Lonatura catalina Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 184, 1918. 
 
 Form: Very small, robust. Length of brachypterous form, 2.75 mm. 
 Macropterous females slightly larger than macropterous males, vertex 
 about as long as wide, sloping, broadly rounding to front, obtuse apically, 
 whole surface distinctly granulose. Pronotum shorter than vertex, an- 
 terior margin strongly convex, lateral margins short, humeral margins 
 distinct, broadly rounding with slightly emarginate posterior margin. 
 Scutellum large. Elytra long and narrow, exceeding abdomen. Brachyp- 
 terous forms have a slightly longer head, very short truncate elytra, the 
 pronotum seemingly covering the base of the elytra and the scutellum, 
 the latter appearing small, the abdomen of the male being shorter and 
 more robust than that of the female. 
 
 Color: Macropterous females have yellowish vertex, pronotum, scu- 
 tellum and elytra greenish-gray. Macropterous males have a yellow ver- 
 tex, pronotum and scutellum yellowish-brown and elytra deep, smoky- 
 
 11 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 162 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 brown. Brachypterous females are uniformly orange-yellow, except for 
 dark eyes and ocelli. Brachypterous males of same color as brachypterous 
 females, or dark, with vertex, pronotum and scutellum a yellowish-brown, 
 elytra smoky-brown, and abdomen brownish-black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment short, broad, slightly 
 emarginate posteriorly and with a small, median, bilobed process; py- 
 gofers broad, slightly exceeded by black ovipositor, bristled apically. 
 Male, last ventral segment about length of preceding, emarginate pos- 
 teriorly; valve small, rounded posteriorly; plates- broad basally, con- 
 cavely narrowed to attenuate and acute tips which exceed the short, 
 bristly pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Though not yet reported from Kansas, this 
 species surely occurs in the state. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball report it from Sporobolus. De Long 
 took it in great numbers on Aristida gracilis. 
 
 Lonatura noctivaga Ball. 
 
 Lonatura noctivaga Ball, Can. Ent., xxxii, p. 342, 1900. 
 Lonatura noctivaga Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 652, 1917. 
 
 Form: Large and robust. Length, 4 to 5.5 mm. Vertex at least one- 
 fourth wider than long, sloping and broadly rounding with front, apex 
 obtusely angled. Pronotum short, scarcely as long as vertex, anterior 
 margin broadly convex, lateral margins long, humeral margins long, 
 scarcely angled with the somewhat emarginate posterior margin. Elytra 
 short and broad, obliquely truncate, covering first two abdominal seg- 
 ments, venation obscure and reticulate. 
 
 Color: Creamy-yellow; vertex with four large marginal black spots, 
 the outer the larger, with a faint transverse band behind the latter, back 
 of which may be irregular brownish spots, and with a dark median line. 
 Pronotum with five light longitudinal lines. Elytra with nervures light, 
 one or two black spots on posterior margin and often one or more be- 
 tween these and the scutellum. Abdomen dark olive with creamy stripes. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment one-third longer 
 than preceding, strongly narrowed posteriorly, lateral angles broadly 
 rounded, posterior margin twice notched, with a small median lobe; 
 pygofers long and narrow, narrowed basally, sparsely spined, exceeded 
 by the very long ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment longer than the 
 preceding, posterior margin concave; valve very small, rounded pos- 
 teriorly; plates broad and long, spiny margins tapering to acute tips 
 which are slightly exceeded by the short, sparsely spined pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: This species has not yet been reported from 
 Kansas but should occur in the northeastern portion of the 
 state. 
 
 Hosts: Unknown.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHLE. 163 
 
 Lonatura nebulosa Ball. 
 
 Lonatitra nebulosa Ball. Can. Ent., xxxii, p. 341, 1900. 
 Lonatura nebulosa Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 652, 1917. 
 
 Form: Distinctly smaller than noctivaga. Length, 3 to 3.5 mm. Ver- 
 tex nearly one-third wider than long, sloping, broadly rounding with 
 front, obtuse apically. Pronotum longer than vertex, strongly convex 
 anteriorly, lateral margins short, humeral margins distinctly angulate 
 with the slightly emarginate posterior margin. Elytra short, covering 
 all but. two segments of abdomen, rounded apically, not reticulate. 
 
 Color: Straw colored; vertex with four large marginal black spots 
 back of which are two brown transverse bands, and a brown spot basally, 
 near each eye. Pronotum with a pair of light brown spots on anterior 
 margin and very faint trace of the five light longitudinal lines. Elytra 
 subhyaline, unspotted. Abdomen with transverse row of fuscous dots 
 on middle of each segment and sometimes with lateral black markings. 
 Pygofers marked with black above. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment shorter than the 
 preceding, composed of two membranes, the inner broadly concave medi- 
 ally, only its lateral rounded angles visible from under the outer basally 
 broad, but apically narrowed membrane which has the posterior margin 
 truncate or slightly produced, and the disc distinctly elevated; pygofers 
 long and somewhat narrow, widest at the middle, very bristly apically 
 and exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment as long as 
 the preceding, valve small, broad but short, rounded posteriorly; plates 
 broad basally, spiny margins concavely narrowed to long acute apices 
 which exceed the very short, very bristly pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee county. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Genus ACONURA Leth. 
 
 The members of this genus are usually yellowish or grayish 
 species, small and robust. The vertex is broad, obtusely angu- 
 late, transversely depressed and rounding to the front. The 
 pronotum is short, usually shorter than vertex and with pos- 
 terior portion transversely wrinkled. There are some macrop- 
 terous forms, but usually the elytra are very short, and with 
 weak venation. The ovipositor is very long, and the male geni- 
 talia are characteristic due to the abnormally large, chitinous 
 styles and oedagus. Many males also possess a very large 
 dorsal spine at the tip of the hind tibiae which seems to vary 
 for the different species. 
 
 Several undetermined species belonging to this genus have 
 been taken in Kansas, but at present we have been able to 
 make sure of only two species.
 
 164 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Robust forms; female segment with large median lobes, pygofers 
 
 of male rounded. robusta. 
 
 AA. More slender forms ; female segment with a very short or no median 
 lobe in the broad excavation, pygofers of male acute, ending in long 
 chitinous processes. argenteolus. 
 
 Aconura robusta (Bak.). 
 
 Athysanella robusta Bak., Psyche, viii, p. 187, 1898. 
 Aconura robusta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 653, 1917. 
 
 Form: Bread and robust. Length, 3 to 4 mm. Vertex short, half 
 broader than long, transverse depression distinct, very obtusely angled. 
 Pronotum short, nearly three times as wide as long, lateral margins long, 
 humeral margins indistinct, appearing like part of the medially emargi- 
 nate posterior margin, covering the base of the elytra and the scutellum, 
 making the latter appear small. Elytra short, reaching just beyond third 
 abdominal segment, rounded apically, venation weak. 
 
 Color: Grayish-yellow; vertex lighter than rest of body, with small to 
 large brown spot near margin half way between eye and apex. Pronotum 
 and elytra in specimens at hand unmarked. Abdomen usually with 
 transverse row cf dark spots on anterior portion of each segment and 
 with faint longitudinal lines. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment deeply emarginate 
 between the long acute lateral angles, with a distinct tooth in the emargi- 
 nation, which, in our forms, does not reach quite half way to the tips of 
 the lateral angles; pygofers long and narrow, very sparsely bristled, 
 greatly exceeded by the very long ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment 
 posteriorly emarginate; valve small, obtusely angled; plates broad and 
 short, diverging, broadly rounding apically; pygofers broadly rounding 
 apically. Apex of hind tibiae with a large, acutely pointed, dorsal spine, 
 which reaches to about the middle of the first tarsal segment. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Ottawa county. 
 Hosts: Taken in pastures where buffalo grass and Bouteloua 
 abound. 
 
 Aconura argenteolus (Uhl.). 
 
 Deltoeephalus argenteolus Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Surv., iii, p. 473, 1877. 
 Deltoeephalus argenteolus Bak., Psyche, viii, p. 119, 1897. 
 Aconura argenteolus Horv., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hung., vi, p. 567, 1908. 
 Aconura argenteolus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 653, 1917. 
 
 Form: More slender than preceding species. Length, 2.75 to 4.5 mm. 
 Vertex as long or slightly longer than wide, transversely depressed, more 
 pointed apically than robusta. Pronotum shorter than vertex, anterior 
 margin convex, lateral margins parallel and long, humeral margins fus- 
 ing with slightly concave posterior margin. Elytra short, covering third 
 abdominal segment, or long, reaching to pygofers, there being both 
 macropterous and brachypterous forms in both sexes, venation weak.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 165 
 
 Color: When alive this species is bluish-green and silvered. The dead 
 specimens are yellowish, unmarked, or with the dark colors of the body 
 showing through the pronotum and elytra, and each abdominal segment 
 with a transverse row of dots on anterior portion. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment short, broadly and 
 deeply emarginated medially and sometimes with a small tooth in the 
 middle of the emargination ; pygofers long and narrow but greatly ex- 
 ceeded by the very long ovipositor. Male, valve large, triangular, apex 
 obtuse; plates large, diverging, outer margin sinuate, inner margin 
 broadly rounding to meet outer margin in a subacute apex; pygofers 
 drawn out into long black chitinous points which run down between the 
 plates. 
 
 Distribution: Ottawa, Greeley and Lane counties. 
 
 Hosts: Taken in very large numbers with the preceding 
 species in pastures where buffalo grass and Bouteloua are the 
 chief grasses. 
 
 Genus DRIOTURA 0. & B. 
 
 The members of this genus are very robust forms with short 
 heads, vertex twice as wide as long, and parallel-margined. 
 Face broad and short, twice as wide above as at parallel-mar- 
 gined clypeus. The pronotum is very short, a little longer than 
 the vertex, transversely striated on posterior two-thirds. 
 Elytra rarely long, reaching to ovipositor, usually short, cori- 
 aceous and coarsely rugose, barely covering second abdominal 
 segment. Abdomen short in male, much inflated in female. 
 
 Two species and a variety of this genus have been taken in 
 Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Color black or brownish, usually unicolorous. gammaroidea. 
 A A. Color gray, vertex and pronotum marked with white, robusta. 
 
 Driotura gammaroidea (Van D.) . 
 
 Athysanus gammaroidea Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., v, p. 209, 1894. 
 Driotura gammaroidea O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 89, pi. 4, fig. 3, 1898. 
 Driotura gammaroidea Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 529, 1905. 
 Anoterostemma gammaroidea Horv., Ann. Mus. Natl. Hung., vi, p. 568, 1908. 
 Driotura gammaroidea Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 132, 1915. 
 Driotura gammaroidea DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 64, 1916. 
 Driotura gammaroidea Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 654, 1917. 
 Driotura gammaroidea Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 74, 1919. 
 
 Form: Short and robust. Length, 3 to 4 mm. Vertex twice as wide 
 as long, front margin more convex than posterior, broadly rounding with 
 front. Pronotum very short, over three times as wide as long, lateral 
 margins distinct, in brachypterous forms humeral margins seemingly a 
 part of the slightly emarginate posterior margin, more distinct in 
 macropterous forms. Scutellum small. Elytra rarely long, reaching the
 
 166 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 ovipositor, usually short, covering second abdominal segment, coriaceous 
 and coarsely rugose. Abdomen broad, inflated in female. 
 
 Color: Shining black; vertex sometimes with reddish-brown markings, 
 legs and ovipositor reddish-brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment longer than pre- 
 ceding, three times as wide as long, narrowed posteriorly, margins about 
 parallel; pygofers broad and short, much exceeded by the very long ovi- 
 positor. Male, last ventral segment longer than preceding, emarginate 
 posteriorly; valve broad, rounded posteriorly; plates broad, diverging 
 from the base, broadly rounded apically, equalling the short pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie and Cherokee counties. 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball informs me that Grindelia, is the host 
 plant of this species. 
 
 Driotura gammaroidea var. fulva Ball. 
 
 Driotura gammaroidea, var. fulva Ball, Can. Ent., xxxv, p. 231, 1903. 
 Driotura gammaroidea var. fulva DeL., Tenn. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 64, 1916. 
 Driotura gammaroidea var. fulva Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 654, 1917. 
 
 Form: In size and shape as in gammaroidea. 
 
 Color: Nearly uniformly reddish-brown. Last segment of abdomen 
 and ovipositor dark. Eyes and ocelli dark. 
 Genitalia: As in gammaroidea. 
 
 Distribution: Reported from Cherokee county only. 
 Hosts: That of preceding form. 
 
 Driotura robusta O. & B. 
 
 Driotura robusta O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 87, pi. 4, fig. 4, 1898. 
 Driotura robusta Mete., Jl. Elisha Mitchell Soc., xxxi, p. 28, 1915. 
 Driotura robusta DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 64, 1916. 
 Driotura robusta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 654, 1917. 
 Driotura robuota Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 73, 1919. 
 
 Form: Slightly smaller than gammaroidea. Length, 2.75 to 3.5 mm. 
 Vertex slightly longer than in gammaroidea, otherwise structure much 
 the same. 
 
 Color: Vertex varying much in markings, sometimes being light yellow 
 with several small dark spots, often the anterior part with a few black 
 marks and the disc with two large irregular spots. Face light above 
 with dark arcs, then greater part of front black, tip of front light, and 
 clypeus with large black spot. Pronotum anteriorly black, posterior two- 
 thirds white, sometimes partly blackened. Elytra black with the nervures 
 and ramose lines white. Abdomen maculately black and white. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, lateral margins broadly rounded with slightly medially emar- 
 ginate posterior margin; pygofers wedge-shaped, much exceeded by the 
 very long ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment longer than preceding, 
 emarginate posteriorly; valve broad but short, rounded posteriorly;
 
 LAVVSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 167 
 
 plates broad, divergent, outer margin concave, inner margin broadly 
 rounding to meet outer margin in obtuse apex; pygofers slightly ex- 
 ceeding plates, covered with short bristles. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie county only. 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball informs me that Grindelia is the host 
 plant of this species. 
 
 Genus EUSCELIS Brul. 
 
 The members of this genus are generally robust with the 
 head slightly wider than the pronotum. The vertex may be 
 distinctly angulate. The pronotum is rather short. The elytra 
 are long in the forms with a transverse vertex, but usually 
 short in the others. The ovipositor is rather uniformly short, 
 thus distinguishing it from some nearly related genera. The 
 genus is distinctly lacking in positive characters. 
 
 Twelve species of this genus have been reported from Kan- 
 sas and are keyed below. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES.* 
 
 A. Vertex transverse, much wider than long, margins nearly or quite 
 parallel, anterior margin obtusely rounding to front. 
 
 B. Size very large, 7 mm. or over. magnus. 
 
 BB. Size smaller, 6 mm. or less. 
 
 C. Ground color white, not greenish, margin of vertex with 
 
 black spots. exitiosus. 
 
 CC. Ground color green, vertex with transverse bands. 
 
 D. Vertex slightly longer on middle than against eye, 
 transverse band on vertex narrow and straight. 
 
 striolus. 
 
 DD. Margins of vertex strictly parallel; transverse 
 band on vertex broader, parallel with the margins. 
 
 parallelus. 
 
 A A. Vertex not distinctly transverse, usually produced and angulate ; an- 
 terior margin meeting front at an angle. 
 B. Vertex distinctly wider than its middle length. 
 
 C. Markings of vertex in form of transverse lines or absent. 
 D. Species stout, elytra shorter than or only slightly 
 exceeding abdomen, central anteapical cell rarely 
 constricted. 
 
 E. Straw-colored species. extrusus. 
 
 EE. Black species. 
 
 F. Vertex distinctly angular, nearly twice 
 as long on middle as against eye; a yel- 
 low band at base of vertex and usually 
 the nervures yellow. uhleri. 
 
 FF. Vertex rounding, but little longer on 
 middle than at eye. anthracinus. 
 
 * Adapted from key by Osborn & Ball, Ohio Nat., ii, pp. 231-257, 1902.
 
 168 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 AA. Vertex not distinctly transverse concluded. 
 
 DD. Species more elongate, elytra longer than abdo- 
 men; anterior and middle legs with the black fem- 
 ora orange-tipped. striatulus. 
 CC. Margin of vertex with four black spots; pronotinr: 
 striped with black and with four stripes on each elytron. 
 
 comma. 
 
 BB. Vertex narrow, its basal width rarely equal to its middle 
 length. 
 
 C. Face marked with a fuscous "Y"; ovipositor rarely ex- 
 tending beyond elytra. curtisii. 
 CC. Face without fuscous "Y"; ovipositor usually extending 
 beyond elytra. 
 D. Face with a transverse white band below eyes, pro- 
 
 notum black and yellow. bicolor. 
 
 DD. Face unicolorous; pronotum with a row of sub- 
 marginal spots. obtutus. 
 
 Euscelis magnus (0. & B.). 
 
 Athysanvs magnus O. & B., I*. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 225, pi. 26, fig. 2, 1897. 
 A.thysanus magnus O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 273, 1902. 
 Euscelis magnus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 655, 1917. 
 
 Form: Very large and robust, by far the largest member of the genus. 
 Length, 7 to 8.5 mm. Vertex practically parallel-margined, four times as 
 wide as long, broadly rounding with front. Pronotum transverse, about 
 three times as wide as long, nearly parallel-margined, lateral margins 
 long and parallel, humeral margins broadly rounding with emarginate 
 posterior margin, disc distinctly transversely wrinkled. Elytra broad, but 
 distinctly exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Ashy-gray; vertex yellowish, sparsely irrorate, with brown 
 along anterior and posterior margins, so that there seems to be a light 
 transverse band between. Pronotum brownish, with a transverse yellow 
 band just back of the middle. Elytra with light nervures marked with 
 brown, the center of the cells irrorate with brown and the costal margin 
 yellowish-white. Face yellow, irrorate with brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment scarcely longer 
 than the preceding, lateral margins produced and broadly rounded, 
 posterior margin deeply and broadly emarginate between the lateral 
 lobes, slightly produced medially and with a distinct notch, so that there 
 seem to be two small median lobes; pygofers robust and long, nearly 
 equalling ovipositor, with a distinct longitudinal depression on the sides 
 along apical third, bearing a few short spines distally. Male, valve tri- 
 angular, narrow, about half the length of the last ventral segment, apex 
 obtuse; plates nearly three times the last ventral segment, spiny margins 
 rounding basally, then tapering to long acute tips which exceed the short 
 bristly pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Douglas and 
 Neosho counties. Reported also from Pottawatomie county. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball report taking this species from 
 Spartina cynosuroides exclusively.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 169 
 
 Euscelis exitiosus (Uhl.). 
 
 (PI. 12, figs. 9-10.) 
 
 Cicadula exitiosa Uhl., Am. Ent., iii, p. 72, 1880. 
 Limotettix exitiosa Van D., Psyche, v, p. 306, 1892. 
 Eutettix exitiosus O. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 100, 1895. 
 Athysanus exitiosus O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 234, pi. 16, fig. 2, 1902. 
 Athysanus exitiosus Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 86, fig. 21, 1912. 
 Athysanus exitiosa Will., Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui., viii, p. 226, 1913. 
 Phrynomorphus exitiosus Barb., Bui. Am. Mus. Na-t. Hist., xxxiii, p. 534, 1914. 
 Athysanus exitiosus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 60, 1916. 
 Euscelis exitiosus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 655, 1917. 
 Euscelis exitiosus Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 185, 1918. 
 Euscelis exitiosus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 70, 1919. 
 
 Form: Varying greatly in size. Length, 3.5 to 5.5 mm. Vertex one- 
 third longer on middle than next the eye, over twice as broad as long, 
 broadly rounding with front, obtusely angled at apex. Pronotum one- 
 third longer than vertex, lateral margins short, posterior margin dis- 
 tinctly emarginate. Elytra greatly exceeding the abdomen, somewhat 
 flaring apically, appendix large, extending entirely around the end of the 
 wing. 
 
 Color: Varying greatly from quite light to dark forms. Vertex pale, 
 with orange-yellow tinge, especially apically, with two black spots on 
 margin, two black spots, usually fused into a line across the basal angle, 
 and a brown crescent between the eyes, parallel to the anterior margin. 
 Pronotum light brown with four black spots behind anterior margin, disc 
 darker. Scutellum yellowish with black basal angles and a brown divided 
 median line. Elytra milky, hyaline, nervures brown and distinct. Face 
 light, marked with brown arcs. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, posterior margin truncate or slightly emarginate; pygofers 
 rather long and narrow, greatly exceeded by the ovipositor, sparsely 
 spined. Male, valve small and triangular, apex obtuse; plates narrow 
 and long, three times as long as the valve, divergent, submarginally spiny, 
 exceeding the pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia : Styles with long anterior process and stout 
 process to connective, then narrowing rapidly to about the middle, the 
 margins then about parallel up to the much bent terminal hook; con- 
 nective slender, Y-shaped, the arms slightly longer than the stem which 
 widens distally; oedagus with basal portion broad and triangular when 
 viewed dorsally, terminal process heavy, widest at middle, ending in a 
 blunt hook.
 
 170 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: One of the commonest Kansas species and 
 found throughout the state as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Abundant on grasses and weeds and attracted to 
 the lights in great numbers. A distinctly economic species. 
 
 EiLScelis striolus (Fall.). 
 
 Cicada striola Fall., Acta Holm, xxvii, p. 31, 1806. 
 
 Jassus frenatus Germ., Mag. d. Ent., iv, p. 86, 1821. 
 
 Jassus striola Flor, Rhyn. Livl., ii, p. 315, 1861. 
 
 Limotettix striola Sahib., Cicad., p. 226, 1871. 
 
 Athysanus striolus Fieb., Kat. Eur., Cicad., p. 12, 1872. 
 
 Athysanus striola O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 91, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1898. 
 
 Athysanus striolus O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 235, 1902. 
 
 Athysanus striolus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent, p. 527, 1905. 
 
 Athysanus striolus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 132, 1915. 
 
 Euscelis striolus Van D., Univ. Calif. Publ., Div. Ent., Tech. Bui., i, p. 249, 1916. 
 
 Euscelis striolus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 656, 1917. 
 
 Form: Long and narrow, resembling an Idiocerus. Length, 3.5 to 5 
 mm. Head wider than pronotum; vertex slightly longer on middle than 
 next the eye, over twice as wide as long, broadly rounding to front. Pro- 
 notum not quite twice the length of the vertex, twice as broad as long, 
 lateral margins very short, posterior margin slightly emarginate. Elytra 
 long, greatly exceeding abdomen, appendix large, nervures indistinct. 
 
 Color: Greenish; vertex with a rather narrow transverse black stripe 
 just behind the reddish ocelli, not parallel with the margin, having broad 
 green bands before and behind, the margin of vertex showing the topmost 
 of the black facial arcs. Pronotum a little darker than the vertex or the 
 scutellum, the latter with a black transverse impressed line. Elytra pale 
 green, often clouded with fuscous apically. Face greenish, with sutui'es 
 and arcs of front, black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long later- 
 ally as preceding, lateral margins convex, posterior margin roundingly 
 emarginate to about one-third the distance to the base; pygofers long 
 and narrow, nearly or quite equalling the ovipositor, fairly spiny, es-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^:. 
 
 171 
 
 pecially apically. Male, valve broad, over half longer than last ventral 
 segment, obtusely angled apically; plates together forming a triangle 
 about as long as broad, three times as long as the valve, obtuse apices 
 somewhat divergent. Margins heavily and surface sparsely spined. 
 
 Distribution: Occurs throughout the state as shown by the 
 following map : 
 
 Hosts: Professor Osborn records sweeping this species 
 from grasses in low, boggy places ; Van Duzee from sweeping 
 meadows and pasture lands. 
 
 Euscelis parallelus (Van D.). 
 
 Athysanus parallelus Van D., Can. Ent, xxiii, p. 169, 1891. 
 Limotettix parallelus Van D., Psyche, vi, p. 306, 1892. 
 Athysanus parallelus O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 235, 1902. 
 Euscelis parallelus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 653, 1917. 
 
 Form: Resembling striolus but larger and broader. Length, 5.25 to 6 
 mm. Head distinctly wider than pronotum; vertex not produced as in 
 striolus but parallel-margined, two and one-half times as wide as long, 
 broadly rounding to face. Pronotum about twice as long as vertex, 
 lateral margins short, posterior margin very slightly emarginate. Elytra 
 long and narrow, appendix large, apically flaring. 
 
 Color: Greenish; vertex pale yellow or greenish, with a heavy trans- 
 verse band between the eyes, leaving only a narrow green band in front 
 and a band about as wide as itself behind. Pronotum pale green, anterior 
 margin narrowly black and sometimes the entire disc is darkened or even 
 quite black, transverse striations distinct on disc. Scutellum pale yellow, 
 unmarked, or with two black dots. Elytra usually pale green with lighter 
 nervures, but often the elytra appear dark brown, due to the darkening 
 of the cells. Face with the sutures, a line on the clypeus and the ai'cs 
 on the front, black.
 
 172 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment nearly twice the 
 length of the preceding, posterior margin slightly rounding, with a wide 
 median incision reaching nearly to the middle; pygofers rather robust, 
 equalling ovipositor, well covered with spines. Male, valve as broad and 
 as long as last ventral segment, obtusely angled apically; plates very 
 broad and stout, about twice as long as the valve, outer margins round- 
 ing to the very broad and slightly divergent apices, the whole ventral 
 surface thickly covered with spines; pygofers completely hidden. 
 
 Distribution: Seemingly confined to the eastern portion of 
 the state, as shown by its occurrence in Cherokee, Pottawato- 
 mie, Riley and Russell counties. 
 
 Hosts: Taken sweeping grasses and weeds. 
 
 Euscelis extrusus (Van D.). 
 
 Athysanus extrusus Van D., Can. Ent., xxv, p. 283, 1893. 
 
 Athysanus extrusus O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 92, pi. 6, fig. 1, 1898. 
 
 Athysanus extrusus O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 237, 1902. 
 
 Athysanus venosus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 526, 1905. 
 
 Athysanus extrusus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 527, 1905. 
 
 Athysanus extrusus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. StB'., Bui. 238, p. 127, 1915. 
 
 Athysanus extrusus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 61, 1916. 
 
 Euscelis extrusus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 656, 1917. 
 
 Form: Short and very robust. Length, 4.25 to 5.5. mm. Head as wide 
 as pronotum; vertex twice as long on middle as next the eye, over one- 
 third wider than long, obtusely angled apically. Pronotum short, equalled 
 in length by the vertex, nearly three times as wide as long, lateral mar- 
 gins long, humeral margins broadly rounding with emarginate posterior 
 margin, disc transversely wrinkled. Elytra short and broad, broadly 
 rounding apically, just equalling abdomen in the macropterous female, 
 and equalling or slightly exceeding it in the macropterous male, in 
 brachypterous females leaving last abdominal segments and pygofers ex- 
 posed. 
 
 Color: Yellowish, marked with fuscous and black. Vertex pale yel- 
 low with five dark triangular spots and with base of inner margin of 
 eye fringed with black. Pronotum and scutellum yellowish marked with 
 light brown. Elytra with nervures light, usually strongly bordered with 
 fuscous. Face pale, the suture, two lines on the clypeus and the arcs on 
 the front, black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice the length of 
 the preceding, narrowed posteriorly, lateral angles produced, between 
 which the posterior margin is broadly and deeply excavated; pygofers 
 broad, equalling ovipositor, sparsely spined. Male, valve triangular, as 
 long as last ventral segment, obtusely angled apically; plates broad, 
 three times as long as valve, lateral margins parallel, inner margins 
 roundingly divergent to meet lateral margins in an obtuse apex, sparsely 
 spined along margin and surface, more spiny apically; pygofers very
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 173 
 
 characteristic, compressed beneath the plates, terminating in long style- 
 like processes which extend beyond the plates by the length of the latter. 
 
 Distribution: Hitherto taken in Douglas county only. 
 Hosts: A grass species. 
 
 Euscelis uhleri (Ball). 
 
 Athysanus uhleri Ball, Can. Ent, xliii, p. 200, 1911. 
 Athysanus plutonius Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., iii, p. 282, 1889. 
 Athysanus plutonius O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, 240, pi. 16, fig. 3, 1902. 
 Athysanus plutonius Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 528, 1905. 
 Athysanus plutonius Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 126, 1915. 
 Euscelis uhleri Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 657, 1917. 
 
 Form: Robust, widening distally. Length, 4 to 4.5 mm. Vertex nearly 
 twice as long on middle as next the eye, twice as long as broad, obtusely 
 angled apically, margins straight. Pronotum half longer than vertex, 
 lateral margins short, posterior margin slightly emarginate, disc trans- 
 versely wrinkled. Elytra moderately long, equalling or slightly exceed- 
 ing abdomen, broad, nearly truncate posteriorly. 
 
 Color: Black; vertex with broad line, a spot against either eye, several 
 apical and preapical spots, yellow. Pronotum with a few yellow spots. 
 Scutellum with yellow spots along margin and at apex, two curved basal 
 lines on either side of the middle. Elytra with nervures broadly yellow. 
 All the above yellow markings may be lacking, resulting in a shining 
 black form. On the other hand, the yellow markings may be much 
 stronger and the elytra may be smoky or fuscous with the nervures 
 broadly margined with fuscous. Face black with yellow arcs and some- 
 times with yellow spots. Front and middle legs yellow from tip of 
 femora on. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment a little longer than 
 the preceding, lateral angles produced, subacute, between them the pos- 
 terior margin is widely emarginate, the middle portion slightly roundingly 
 produced; pygofers broad and short, exceeded by the ovipositor, sparsely 
 spined on distal half. Male, valve about half as long as last ventral seg- 
 ment, rounding posteriorly; plates about two and one-half times as long 
 as valve, tapering to subacute apices which exceed the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Reported from Riley county. 
 Hosts: Taken from grasses. 
 
 Euscelis anthracinus (VanD.). 
 
 Athysanus anthracinus Van D., Can. Ent., xxvi, p. 136, 1894. 
 
 Athysanus anthracinus O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 241, 1902. 
 
 Athysanus anthracinus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 528, 1905. 
 
 Athysanus anthracinus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 126, 1915. 
 
 Athysanus anthracinus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 61, 1916. 
 
 Euscelis anthracinus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 658, 1917. 
 
 Evsrrlis anthracinus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 71, 1919. 
 
 (Schleroracus anthracinus Uhl. MS.) in litt. 
 
 (Conogonus t/agates Ashm. MS.) Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., 1, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 
 Form: Much like preceding species. Length, 3.5 to 4.5 mm. Vertex 
 slightly longer on middle than against eye, two to two and one-half
 
 174 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 times as wide as long, and obtusely conical and broadly rounding with 
 front, blunter apically than uhleri. Pronotum about twice as long as 
 vertex, lateral margins short, posterior margin distinctly concave, disc 
 transversely wrinkled. Elytra broad, exceeding abdomen, broadly round- 
 ing and slightly flaring apically. 
 
 Color: Shining black; vertex with ocelli, two basal spots and some- 
 times an apical spot, yellow. Face with a few yellow arcs on front. 
 Front and middle legs yellow from the apex of the femora. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment slightly longer than 
 preceding, posterior margin broadly and shallowly emarginate, slightly 
 produced medially, lateral angles obtuse; pygofers broad, nearly or quite 
 equalling ovipositor, sparsely spined on distal half. Male, valve broad, 
 triangular, very obtuse apically, nearly or quite as long as last ventral 
 segment; plates over twice the length of the valve, roundingly triangular 
 to blunt apices, margins and tips spiny, equalling the apically rounding 
 pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Seemingly found only in the eastern portion of 
 the state as shown by its occurrence in Douglas, Pottawatomie, 
 Linn and Chautauqua counties. 
 
 Hosts: A grass species. 
 
 Eiiscelis striatulus (Fall.). 
 
 Cicada strialuta Fall., Hemip. Suec., Cicad., p. 45, 1826. 
 
 Jassus striatulus Flor., Rhyn. Livl., ii, p. 361, 1861. 
 
 Limotettix striatula Sahib., Cicad., 253, 1871. 
 
 Jassus plutonius Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 470, 1877. 
 
 Athysanus striatulus Mel., Cicad. Mitt. Eur., p. 264, 1896. 
 
 Thamnotettix striatulus Edw., Hemip. Homop. Brit. Isds., p. 172, pi. 19, fig. 9, 1896. 
 
 Athysanus striatulus O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 91, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1898. 
 
 Athysanus vaccinii O. & B., Ohio Na<t., ii, p. 242, 1902. 
 
 Athysanus vaccinii Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent.. p. 528, 1905. 
 
 Athysanus vaccmii Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 130, 1915. 
 
 Euscelis striatubui Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 658, 1917. 
 
 Form: Rather long and slender, especially the males. Length, 3.5 
 to 4.5 mm. Vertex about one-fourth longer on middle than near the eyes, 
 twice as wide as long, disc sloping and broadly rounded with front, apex 
 obtusely angled. Pronotum nearly or fully twice the length of the ver- 
 tex, lateral margins short, posterior margin slightly emarginate. Elytra 
 long, much exceeding the abdomen, somewhat flaring. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum and scutellum dirty or greenish-yellow. Ver- 
 tex with two curved marginal lines, a median transverse band and pos- 
 teriorly a band or a row of two or four spots, brown. Pronotum irregu- 
 larly marked with brown spots, often a row of them near and parallel to 
 the anterior margin. Scutellum pale or marked with brown spots, basal 
 angles often marked with orange-brown. Elytra greenish-brown, ner- 
 vures light and narrowly fuscous-margined. Face light, with sutures and 
 arcs black. Basal two-thirds of femora black, apices and tibiae yellow. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment slightly longer than 
 the preceding, posterior margin emarginate between the produced lateral
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^:. 175 
 
 angles and slightly rounding in the middle; pygofers broad, slightly 
 exceeded by the ovipositor, spiny on distal half. Male, valve broad, tri- 
 angular, obtusely angled apically, three-fourths as long as last ventral 
 segment; plates triangular, over twice as long as the valve, spiny mar- 
 gins convexly narrowing to subacute apices which exceed the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie county only. 
 Hosts: A prairie grass species. 
 
 This is the form that Osborn & Ball identify as Euscelis 
 vaccinii (Van D.). In his catalog Mr. Van Duzee, while still 
 giving Euscelis striatulus (Fall.) and Euscelis vaccinii (Van 
 D.) separate numbers, remarks that they are probably not 
 distinct. If this is true then of course Fallen's name stands. 
 Dr. Ball, however, thinks they are separate species and that 
 the form described above is Euscelis vaccinii (Van D.). Until 
 some one goes into a careful study of the two above species, 
 Euscelis instabilis (VanD.) and probably others, it might be 
 well to follow Van Duzee's synonomy. 
 
 Euscelis comma (VanD.). 
 
 Athysanus comina Van D., Can. Ent., xxiv, p. 114, 1892. 
 Athysanus comma O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 223, 1897. 
 Athysanu* comma O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 246, pi. 17, fig. 1, 1902. 
 Euscelis comma Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 660, 1917. 
 
 Form: Broad and stout. Length, 4 to 5 mm. Vertex three-fourths 
 longer on middle than next the eye, almost twice as wide as long, disc 
 flat, obtusely rounding with front, obtusely angled apically. Pronotum 
 one-third longer than vertex, two and one-half times as wide as long, 
 lateral margins long, humeral margins fused with slightly emarginate 
 posterior margin. Elytra long, exceeding the abdomen, parallel-margined 
 or short and somewhat flaring, reaching the last abdominal segment, 
 venation indistinct. 
 
 Color: Creamy, marked with black and brown. Vertex with four 
 large black marginal spots which extend on to the front, and two large 
 basal ones. Pronotum with four black longitudinal lines, the inner pair 
 extending across the scutellum. Elytra pale with black or dark brown 
 lines on claval suture, around apex, and along inner branch of first 
 sector. Fulvous brown bands are found on the clavus, dividing anteriorly 
 to meet the lines on the pronotum and scutellum, and one parallel with 
 the outer and posterior margin. In the brachypterous forms a large 
 black comma is found on either side of the pygofer. Face and below pale 
 with a black spot below the antennje, a pair below the lateral margins 
 of the pronotum and a stripe on the lateral margin of the connexivum. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than the 
 preceding, lateral angles obtuse and produced, posterior margin round- 
 ingly emarginate with a black-margined median slit; pygofers broad and
 
 176 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 stout, slightly exceeded by the ovipositor, sparsely spined. Male, valve 
 large, triangular, apex very obtuse or truncated, sides notched; plates 
 twice the length of the valve, margins rounding basally to the middle, 
 then nearly parallel to the truncate apices which nearly or quite equal the 
 robust and short pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Probably occurs throughout the state as 
 shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball give Elymus canadensis as the host 
 of this species. 
 
 Euscelis curtisii (Fh.). 
 
 Amblycephalus curtisii Ph., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 61, 1851. 
 
 Tettigonia curtisii Walk., List Homop., iv, p. 1159, 1852. 
 
 Jassvs nervatus Prov., Nat. Can., iv, p. 378, 1872. 
 
 Deltocephalus curtisii Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., iii, p. 278, 1889. 
 
 Athysanus curtisii Van D., Psyche, v, p. 290, 1890. 
 
 Athysanus curtisii Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Soi., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 
 Athysanus curtisii O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 221, 1897. 
 
 Athysanus curtisii O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad Sci., vii, p. 91, pi. 5, fig. 1, 1898. 
 
 Athysanus curtisii O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 251, 1902. 
 
 Athysanus curtisii Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 529, 1905. 
 
 Athysanus curtisii Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent, Bui. 108, p. 91, fig. 22, 1912. 
 
 Athysanus curtisii Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 125, 1915. 
 
 Athysanus curtisii DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 62, 1916. 
 
 Euscelis curtisii Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 660, 1917. 
 
 Euscelis curtisii Pent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, No. 6, p. 185, 1918. 
 
 Form: Short and stout. Length, 3 to 3.5 mm. Vertex one-half longer 
 on middle than against eye, about as wide as long, broadly rounding with 
 front, right-angled apically. Pronotum slightly longer than vertex, lat- 
 eral margins very short, humeral margins distinct, long, posterior margin 
 very slightly emarginate. Elytra broad and short, usually equalling or 
 exceeding the abdomen, venation simple. 
 
 Color: Vertex yellow with two large black spots before the middle 
 and sometimes black marks apically. Pronotum with broad, shining, 
 black anterior band, a wide median yellow band and a narrow, black pos-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^. 177 
 
 terior one. Scutellum yellow, with two brown spots on the disc. Elytra 
 fuscous or nearly black, margins and all nervures but those of the apical 
 cells broadly greenish-yellow. Face pale with dark spot on apex of front, 
 dark stripes on margins of front and on clypeus, forming a black Y. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than 
 preceding, composed of two membranes, the rounding lateral angles only 
 of the inner one showing from under the posteriorly narrowed outer 
 membrane, whose posterior margin is slightly emarginate with sometimes 
 a very small median lobe; pygofers robust, nearly or fully equalling the 
 ovipositor, sparsely spiny. Male, valve broad, as long as last ventral 
 segment, posterior margin rounding; plates together forming a triangle 
 about as broad as long, spiny margins convexly narrowing to acute apices 
 which exceed the spiny pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee, Douglas and Riley coun- 
 ties. 
 
 Hosts: A very common blue-grass species. 
 
 Euscelis bicolor (Van D.). 
 
 (PI. 13, figs. 1-2.) 
 
 Athysanus bicolor Van D., Can. Ent., xxiv, p. 114, 1892. 
 Deltocephalus virgulatus Uhl., Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond. for 1895, p. 78. 
 Athysanus bicolor O. & B., Proc. la. Aead. Sci., iv, p. 222, 1897. 
 Athysanus bicolor O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 91, pi. 5, fig. 2, 1897. 
 Athi/sanus bicolor O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 251, 1902. 
 
 Athysanus bicolor Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 92, fig. 23, 1912. 
 Athysanus bicolor DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 62, 1916. 
 Euncclis bicolor Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 661, 1917. 
 Euscelis bicolor Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 71, 1919. 
 
 Form: Very much like curtisii. Length, 3 to 3.5 mm. Vertex nar- 
 rower than in curtisii, about as wide as long, one-half longer on middle 
 than against eye, conical apically. Pronotum as long as the vertex, 
 lateral margins very short, humeral margins long, posterior margin 
 barely emarginate. Elytra rather short and broad, rounding apically, 
 venation simple. 
 
 Color: Vertex yellow, with a pair of large black spots on anterior half 
 in the female which may be confluent and cover the entire anterior half 
 of the vertex as is the case in the male. Pronotum with anterior margin 
 black, the remainder bright yellow. Elytra greenish-yellow with humeral, 
 sutural and apical margins and claval suture fuscous or black, and some- 
 times with subhyaline and fuscous ai*cs extending obliquely backward 
 from the costal margins. Face black or fuscous above, pale below, a 
 fuscous lower band sometimes present in the male. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment about as long as the 
 preceding, posterior margin angularly emarginate; pygofers moderately 
 robust, widest at the middle, much exceeded by the long ovipositor, very 
 sparsely spined. Male, valve very small, forming an equilateral triangle 
 one-third as wide as the last ventral segment; plates small, short, little 
 
 12 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 178 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 longer than the valve, together nearly semicircular, their margins spiny; 
 pygofers exceeding the plates, light apically. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles with long, parallel -margined process 
 to connective, a large quadrangular lateral process at about the middle, 
 a distinct notch on the inner margin at the base of the finger-like, granu- 
 lar, terminal process; connective, with sides close together for a short 
 distance at the base, then spreading and running parallel to tip where 
 they fuse and join the long oedagus which narrows to the acute, bifurcated 
 apex, the points close together at the tips, a circular excision between 
 them basally. 
 
 Distribution: Common in eastern portion of the state as 
 shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Feeds on several different grasses, especially those in 
 low places. 
 
 Euscelis obtutus (Van D.). 
 
 Atnysanus obtutus Van D., Can. Ent., xxiv, p. 115, 1892. 
 
 Athysanus obtutus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 222, pi. 21, fig. 2, 1897. 
 
 Athysanus obtutus O. & B., Ohio Nat., ii, p. 252, 1902. 
 
 Athysanus obtutus Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 93, fig. 24, 1912. 
 
 Phrynomorphus obtutus Barb., Bui. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist., xxxiii, p. 534, 1914. 
 
 Athysanus obtutus -DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 63, 1916. 
 
 Euscelis obtutus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 661, 1917. 
 
 Euscelis obtutus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 72, 1919. 
 
 Form: Much like bicolor. Length, 3 to 3.5 mm. Vertex longer and 
 narrower than in bicolor, slightly longer than wide, conical apically. Pro 
 notum about as long as vertex, lateral margins very short, humeral mar- 
 gins long, posterior margin very slightly emarginate, disc transversely 
 wrinkled. Elytra rather narrow, apex rounding, not reaching tip of 
 ovipositor and much exceeding abdomen in male. 
 
 Color: Vertex brownish, with a pair of large round black spots on 
 disc and usually a smaller pair behind them. Pronotum brownish, with a
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 179 
 
 row of small dark spots near and parallel to anterior margin. Scutellum 
 With four dark spots along base. Elytra fuscous, subhyaline, nervures 
 pale except for the aj)ical ones, which are strongly fuscous. Face brown- 
 ish, with darker stripes and sometimes the apex of the clypeus fuscous. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about the length of 
 the preceding, posterior margin slightly emarginate; pygofers rather 
 narrow, much exceeded by the long ovipositor, very sparsely spinel. 
 Male, valve very small, equilaterally triangular, one-third as wide as lart 
 ventral segment; plates but little exceeding the valve, bristly margins 
 broadly rounding, exceeded by the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee, Douglas and Riley coun- 
 ties. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball give Andropogon scoparius as a host 
 plant. It likely occurs on other grasses also. 
 
 Genus EUTETTIX Van D. 
 
 Doctor Ball characterizes this genus as follows : 
 
 "Rather stout, head of about the same width as pronotum. 
 Vertex rather short, slightly sloping, distinctly transversely 
 depressed, the apex often slightly concavely upturned. Elytra 
 moderately long, usually slightly flaring, venation simple, only 
 one cross nervure between the sectors. Elytra without super- 
 numerary veinlets or ramose lines, or with these reduced or 
 aggregated into oblique bands." 
 
 Mr. Van Duzee adds E. cinctus 0. & B. to this group. It 
 usually has but one cross nervure between the sectors, but has 
 supernumerary veinlets to the costa. 
 
 The six species keyed below have been taken in Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES.* 
 
 A. Elytra without distinct transverse bands. 
 
 B. Large species, over 5 mm. long, elytra black, with large yellow 
 
 commissural spot. pictus. 
 
 BB. Small species, less than 4 mm. long, pale yellowish-green. 
 
 tenellus. 
 
 AA. Elytra with oblique bands, obscure in albidus. 
 B. Elytra with oblique bands distinct. 
 
 C. Anterior half of elytra white or but faintly reticulated. 
 
 seminudus. 
 
 CC. Anterior half of elytra distinctly marked. 
 
 D. Insect reddish, no oblique spot on base of clavus. 
 
 strobi. 
 DD. Insect not reddish, a black oblique spot on base of 
 
 clavus. cinctus. 
 
 BB. Elytra without distinct oblique band, with whole elytra 
 sparsely reticulate. albidus. 
 
 * Adapted from key by Doctor Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 31, 1907.
 
 180 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Eutettix pictus Van D. 
 
 Eutettix pictus Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 301, 1892. 
 
 Eutettix magnus Osb., Ent. News, xi, p. 395, 1900. % 
 
 Eutettix subatnea var picta Ball, Proc. Day. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 34, pi. 1, fig. 1, 1907. 
 
 Eutettix suba-nea var picta DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 65, 1917. 
 
 Eutettix pictus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 663, 1917. 
 
 Eutettix pictus Lathr., 8. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 75, 1919. 
 
 Form: Large and robust. Length, 5 to 7 mm. Vertex little longer on 
 middle than next the eyes, over twice as wide as long, disc sloping to a 
 preapical transverse depression, then elevated, sloping portion longi- 
 tudinally striated, raised portion transversely striated. Pronotum over 
 twice as broad as long, lateral margins shorter than the humeral, pos- 
 terior margin slightly emarginate, disc transversely wrinkled. Scutellum 
 broad, elytra moderately long, exceeding the abdomen, venation simple, 
 only one cross nervure between the sectors. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum and scutellum lemon-yellow; anterior half 
 of pronotum dark brown or black, a band of like color across the pronotum 
 just in front of the yellow posterior margin. Elytra dark brown or black, 
 a common oval spot on the suture before the apex of clavus and anterior 
 two-thirds of costal margin, pale yellow, these varying greatly in size, 
 sometimes absent. Sometimes a large hyaline spot before the apex. Face 
 in males dark, in females black above and below but light in the middle. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than pre- 
 ceding, posterior margin shallowly emarginate on either side of a small 
 median lobe; pygofers broad, exceeded by the ovipositor, slightly spined. 
 Male, valve broad, triangular, margins concave just before the subacute 
 apex; plates large, convex, over three times as long as the valve, spiny 
 margins rounding to blunt apices which equal the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee county only. 
 
 Hosts: De Long reports this species from oak shrubs. 
 
 Eutettix tenellus (Bak.). 
 
 Thami.otettix tenelhts G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 100, 1895 (MS. name). 
 
 Ihamnotettix tenellus Bak., Psyche, vii, Suppl., p. 24, 1896. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Ball, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 66, pt. 4, p. 35, pi. 1, tig. I, 
 1904. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Ball, Proe. Dav. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 41, pi. 1, fig. 11, pi. 4, figs.- 4, 5, 
 1907. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Essig, Inj. Benef. Ins. Calif., edn. 2, p. 64, 1915. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Smith & Boncq., Phytopathology, v, p. 335, 1915. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Boncq. & Hart., Phytopathology, p. 348, 1916. 
 
 Eutettix tenellus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 664, 1917. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Ball, Utah Agr. Col. Exp. Sta., Bui. 155, 1917. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Ser. & Thorn., Jl. EC. Ent., xi, p. 308, 1918. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Sev. & Thorn., Jl. EC. Ent., xi, p. 308, 1918. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Stahl & Carsn., Jl. Agr. Research, xiv, p. 393, 19 is. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Sev., Jl. EC. Ent., xii, pp. 303, 312, 1919. 
 
 Eutettix tenella Sev., Facts About Sugar, 8, Nos. 7-13, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 3 to 3.5 mm. Vertex one-fourth longer on middle than 
 next the eye, about twice as wide as long, transverse depression lacking
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLIDJE. 181 
 
 or obscure, broadly rounding with front, apex rounding. Pronotum twice 
 as long as vertex, lateral margins very short. Elytra long, greatly ex- 
 ceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Pale yellowish-green. Vertex yellowish or pale orange-yellow. 
 Pronotum pale green, the disc darker than the margins. Scutellum 
 greenish-yellow. Elytra greenish-yellow, subhyaline, the black abdomen 
 showing through. Face yellowish. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment about as long as the 
 preceding, lateral angles broadly rounded and slightly produced, median 
 portion of posterior margin slightly produced, with a semicircular ex- 
 cision reaching about half way to the base; pygofers long, slightly ex- 
 ceeded by ovipositor, sparsely spined on apical third. Male, valve large, 
 semicircular or truncated apically; plates together wider than long, sub- 
 marginally spined, margins practically parallel to the broad, roundingly 
 truncate apices which are slightly exceeded by the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: The only specimens at hand are from Clark 
 county. This species probably occurs in other southwestern 
 counties. 
 
 Hosts: This is the well-known leaf hopper of the sugar beet. 
 Wherever the latter are grown this species is of great economic 
 importance as shown by Ball's work. 
 
 Eutettix seminudus (Say). 
 
 (PL 13, figs. 5-6.) 
 
 Jassus seminudus Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 307, 1331; Compl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 383. 
 
 Bythoscopus seminudus Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 58, 1851. 
 
 Thamnotettix seminudus Uhl., Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 246, 1884. 
 
 Athysanus seminudus Van D., Psyche, v, p. 389, 1890. 
 
 Eutettix seminudus Van D., Psyche, vi, p. 307, 1892. 
 
 Eutettix seminudus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 529, 1905. 
 
 Eutettix seminuda Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 42, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1907. 
 
 Eutettix seminuda DeL.,~Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 66, 1916. 
 
 Eutettix seminudus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 664, 1917. 
 
 Eutettix seminudus Weiss, Ent. News, xxix, p. 310, 1918. 
 
 Eutettix seminudus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 76, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 4 to 5 mm. Vertex one-fourth longer on middle than 
 next the eye, two and one-half times as wide as long, a distinct transverse 
 depression just behind the broadly rounding apex. Pronotum scarcely 
 twice as wide as long, lateral margins very short, humeral margins long. 
 Elytra moderately long, venation indistinct. 
 
 Color: Vertex and pronotum creamy white, latter sometimes faintly 
 irrorate with brown. Scutellum white, with basal angles and broad 
 median stripe brown. Elytra milky white, a broad brown saddle across 
 the posterior half of the clavus, a few brown reticulations on the base of 
 the clavus and between the saddle and the brownish apices. Face creamy 
 white.
 
 182 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment twice as long as the 
 preceding, notched on either side of a median tooth which itself is 
 slightly notched; pygofers moderately broad, exceeded by ovipositor, 
 sparsely covered with white spines which arise from black dots. Male, 
 valve large, rounded posteriorly; plates together forming a triangle 
 about as long as wide, over twice as long as the valve, spined margins 
 convexly narrowing till near the subacute apices which equal the broad 
 pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles large, triangular in outline, anterior 
 process large, with a deep incision on the outer margin apically, leaving a 
 long, somewhat curved, bluntly pointed, terminal process; connective 
 short, Y-shaped, the stem slightly longer than the branches; cedagus 
 heavy basally and with a large dorsal process to the membrane of the 
 anal tube, divided terminally into a moderately stout median process and 
 two slender lateral processes. 
 
 Distribution: Common throughout the state, especially in 
 the eastern part, as shown by the following map : 
 
 CHirciW 
 
 E RAWUNS 
 
 DECATU* 
 
 NORTON 
 
 WILL. 
 
 SniTH 
 
 JEWEU 
 
 REPUp 
 
 WASH 
 
 HARSH 
 
 NEH. 
 
 BSO, 
 
 ^ 
 
 ) 
 
 v 
 
 A 
 
 SHERHA 
 
 N TH*A5 
 
 SHERl. 
 
 GRAH 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSB. 
 
 HITCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 CLAr|3\POT* JACK ' - 
 
 TCHI^- 
 
 WALLAC 
 
 LOGAN 
 
 GOVE 
 
 TREGO 
 
 ELLIS 
 
 RUSS 
 
 UNC 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 firirr^ 
 
 \^L 
 
 DICK b \ 
 
 MORRIS 
 
 /IB. 
 
 Sh 
 
 n 
 
 rl 
 
 P*\ 
 
 JOHN 
 
 
 ELLSW 
 
 SAUNE 
 
 05AGE 
 
 corrtij 
 
 GREVr 
 
 ft'.Cti. 
 
 jcorr 
 
 LANE 
 
 NESS 
 
 RUSH 
 
 
 L.YCK 
 
 FRflSK 
 
 niAni 
 
 
 RICE 
 
 H'UlER 
 
 OARION 
 
 CHASE 
 
 HAn 
 
 CAR. 
 
 r " 
 
 CY 
 
 IODGE 
 
 PAWNEE 
 
 EOvvTl 
 
 JSTAr 
 
 RENO 
 
 
 HARVEY 
 
 
 EEN. 
 
 "" 
 
 SftH 
 
 "*"' 
 
 FORD 
 
 
 BUTLER 
 
 GR 
 
 WOOD. 
 
 Aftf, 
 
 SO'JR 
 
 STAN. 
 
 mm 
 
 irt. 
 
 KIOAW 
 
 PPATT 
 
 KING. 
 
 SEDGE. 
 
 WILSON 
 
 NCOS. 
 
 ELK. 
 
 CRAW. 
 
 HORT S 
 
 rtv. 
 
 SW 
 
 MEAQ 
 
 CLAI?K 
 
 CQTAN. 
 
 SARSE 
 
 MRR 
 
 SUHNER. 
 
 COW. 
 
 CHAUT 
 
 no NT. 
 
 LAB. 
 
 cS?RO 
 
 Hosts: The plant or plants on which the nymphs feed are 
 not yet definitely known, but the adults are taken on a large 
 number of plants such as grape, garden vegetables and many 
 others. 
 
 Eutettix strobi (Fh.). 
 
 (PI. 13, figs. 3-4.) 
 
 Ruthoscopux strobi Fh., Hoinop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 58, 1851. 
 Phlepgins strobi Van D., Psyche, v, p. 390, 1890. 
 Ent,'tti.i Mtnthi Hak.. Psyche, vii, Suppl: i, p. 24, 1896. 
 Eutettix strobi Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 531, 1905. 
 
 Eutfttix strobi Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 44, pi. 2, fig. 2, pi. 4, fig. 3, 1907 
 Eutettix strobi Ball, U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 66, pi. 4, p. 49, 1909. 
 Eutettix strobi Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 138, 1915. 
 Eutettix strobi DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 67, 1916. 
 Eutettix strobi Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 665, 1917. 
 E ut, -ft if xlri.bi Lathi-.. S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 76, 1919.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHL-E. 
 
 183 
 
 Form: Much like seminudus. Length, 4.5 to 5.25 mm. Vertex one- 
 fourth longer on middle than next the eye, two and one-half times as 
 wide as long, with a faint transverse depression, and broadly rounded 
 apically. Pronotum over twice as wide as long, lateral margins rather 
 short. Elytra moderately long. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum and scutellum varying from yellowish ir- 
 rorate with brown, to reddish-brown. Elytra usually milky-white with 
 bands of brown at base, and across apical half of clavus. Frequently 
 these bands are so run together as to give the entire elytra a brownish 
 appearance. Face the color of the vertex. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, lateral angle 
 broadly rounding, posterior margin notched on either side of a small 
 median notched lobe which gives the appearance of two median teeth; 
 pygofers broad, nearly or quite equalling the ovipositor, sparsely spined. 
 Male, valve broad, rounded posteriorly; plates broad basally then rapidly 
 narrowed, ending in elongate filamentous tips which exceed the pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles large, triangular, broad basally, termi- 
 nal process slightly convex on mesal margin, posteriorly straight on outer 
 margin; connective very stout, Y-shaped, arms about equalling the 
 basally broadened stem; oedagus with a wide, dorsal process to anal tube 
 membrane, terminal portion composed of a broad median strap-like and 
 terminally bifid process and a pair of lateral narrower and acutely pointed 
 processes. 
 
 Distribution: Seemingly our most widely distributed mem- 
 ber of the genus, as shown by the following map : 
 
 CHtrClM 
 
 E RAWLINS 
 
 DECftTuR 
 
 NORTOH 
 
 PHILL 
 
 SfllTH 
 
 JEWELL 
 
 REPUp 
 
 WASH 
 
 HARSH 
 
 NEH. Bfi0n 
 
 "DONI 
 
 5 
 
 ^ 
 
 A 
 
 SHERHA 
 
 f. 
 
 N THOHAS 
 
 SHE.I? 
 
 &(?AH 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSB. 
 
 riTCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 CLr|5Cpo*TA | JACK -- 
 pA . , 
 
 TCHI^ 
 
 _ 
 
 WALLAC 
 
 LOGAN 
 
 GOVE 
 
 TREGO 
 
 ELLIS 
 
 RUSS 
 
 LINC 
 
 OT 
 
 mv 
 
 5J 
 
 -J 
 
 EARTT 
 
 1 \ 
 
 10RR5 
 
 AB 
 
 
 fo 
 
 p} 
 
 JOHN 
 
 ELL5VY 
 
 SAUNE 
 
 05ACE 
 
 corrEt 
 
 WOOD. 
 
 GREVr 
 
 WlCH. 
 
 SCOTT 
 
 LANE 
 
 NESS 
 
 RUSH 
 
 BARTON 
 
 LTON 
 
 FRAVK 
 
 nwm 
 
 RICE. 
 
 H'PHER 
 
 n/ 1 
 
 _ 
 
 BUT 
 
 H 
 
 LES 
 
 E 
 &R 
 
 HAM 
 
 <CAR. 
 
 FJNf 1 
 
 EV 
 
 HO^E 
 
 PAWNEE 
 
 1 . 
 EDW j 
 
 Jsw 
 
 RENO 
 
 HARVEY 
 
 ECN 
 
 AMO 
 
 ALLEN 
 
 LINN 
 
 STAN. 
 
 BMftT 
 
 HASK 
 
 G.W 
 
 FORD 
 
 KlOWA 
 
 PRATT 
 
 KING. 
 
 SEDGE 
 
 ELK 
 
 *. 
 
 NEOS. 
 
 CRAW. 
 
 nORT S 
 
 TLV 
 
 SEW: 
 
 riEAO 
 
 at 
 
 COHAN. 
 
 BARBER H%f> 
 
 SUriNER. 
 
 COW. 
 
 CHAJT 
 
 Me 
 
 LAB 
 
 J. 
 
 Hosts: This is the species producing the purple spots on 
 Chenopodium. De Long reports taking specimens from wild 
 rose.
 
 184 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Eutettix cinctus O. & B. 
 
 (PI. 13, flgs. 7-8.) 
 
 Kitt.ttif ,-\nctv O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 97, 1898. 
 K<itettix jucunda Van D., Psyche, vi, p. 307, 1892. 
 Knt,'ttijr cincta Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 530, 1905. 
 
 Kiit, !< ix (Mesamia) cincta Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 64, pi. 4, tig. 1 1907. 
 EutetUx cincta DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 67, 1916. 
 Eutettix cinctus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 665, 1917. 
 Eutettix cincta Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 77, 1919. 
 
 Form: Rather large and robust. Length, 5.25 to 6.25 mm. Vertex 
 one-third longer on middle than next the eye, two and one-half times or 
 over as wide as long, a distinct transverse depression just back of the 
 broadly rounding apex, margin subacute. Pronotum over twice as wide 
 as long, lateral margins short, humeral margins long, posterior margin 
 distinctly concave, disc transversely wrinkled. Elytra moderately long 
 and broad. 
 
 Color: Vertex greenish-yellow, apex with reddish tinge. Pronotum 
 yellowish or greenish, irregularly marked with brown. Scutellum dirty- 
 yellow, a small pair of black spots on disc and a larger pair on each 
 lateral margin. Elytra milky, nervures reddish-brown, a large oblique 
 black spot on the base of clavus of each elytron, a broad, brownish band 
 on posterior half of the clavus and sloping back to the costa, costal vein- 
 lets broadly black. Face color of vertex above, dark below. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment one-half longer 
 than the preceding, lateral margins strongly narrowed posteriorly, pos- 
 terior margin sinuate on either side of the slightly produced median half; 
 pygofers broad and short, slightly exceeded by the ovipositor, quite spiny 
 on distal half. Male, valve broad but short, triangular, apex very ob- 
 tuse; plates large, spiny margins concavely narrowing to upturned apices 
 which exceed the pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles large, with an unusually long process 
 to the connective, very strongly hooked distally; connective very long, 
 Y-shaped but with the branches close together, the stem and the branches 
 about equal length; oedagus with an interior process to membrane of anal 
 tube directed cephalad, and two sword-shaped caudal processes, one di- 
 rectly above the other, the dorsal one slightly broader.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHLE. 
 
 185 
 
 Distribution: Fairly common throughout the state as shown 
 by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: The definite host is unknown. The adults are com- 
 monly taken on weeds and grasses. 
 
 Eutettix albidus (Ball). 
 
 Phlepsius albidus Ball, Can. Ent., xxxii, p. 203, 1900. 
 
 Eutettix albidus Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 51, pi. 2, fig. 10, 1907. 
 
 Eutettix albidus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 666, 1917. 
 
 Form: Rather small but fairly robust. Length, 3.75 to 4 mm. Ver- 
 tex one-fourth longer on middle than next the eye, about twice as wide as 
 long, disc barely depressed, broadly rounding with front, quite rounding 
 apically. Pronotum over twice as wide as long, lateral margins short, 
 posterior margin distinctly emarginate. Elytra moderately long, vertical, 
 and appressed behind. 
 
 Color* Vertex creamy-white with six faint brown dots on anterior 
 margin and disc slightly irrorate with brown. Pronotum pale, sometimes 
 with a few brown irrorations. Elytra milky-white, sparsely marked with 
 irregular brown pigment lines which are more distinct in the male, a 
 black spot at tip of clavus and three smaller ones on basal half of clavus 
 at the edge of the markings. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment about three times 
 as long as the preceding, keeled, posterior margin slightly rounding and 
 with_ a small median notch ; pygof ers stout, nearly equalling ovipositor, 
 sparsely spined. Male, valve broad, margins slightly concave to broadly 
 rounded apex; plates together forming a triangle as broad as long, mar- 
 gins spiny, pilose apices exceeded by the spiny pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Clark county. 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball gives Atriplex con ferti folia as the host 
 plant of this species.
 
 186 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Genus ALICIA Ball. 
 
 Doctor Ball characterizes this genus as follows : 
 "Vertex short, sloping, rounding to front, without a def- 
 initely angled margin except near apex, transverse depression 
 faint or curved posteriorly in the middle and ending at the 
 ocelli; front long, wedge-shaped, margins not constricted be- 
 tween antennal sockets. Elytra subhyaline, the nervures dis- 
 tinct, dark, two cross nervures between the sectors and usually 
 a number of supernumerary veinlets along costa and claval 
 sutures." 
 
 None of the members of this genus have yet been reported 
 from Kansas, but the following species should be found : 
 
 Aligia modesta (O. & B.) . 
 
 Eutettix modesta O. & B., Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 98, 1898. 
 
 Eutettix (Aligia) modesta Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 58, pi. 3, fig. 4, 1907. 
 
 Eutettix modesta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 628, 1917. 
 
 Form: A moderately stout species. Length, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. Vertex 
 barely longer on the middle than next the eye, two and one-half times as 
 wide as long, disc sloping, rounding to the front, distinct transverse im- 
 pression just back of the apex. Pronotum over twice as broad as long, 
 lateral margins very short, humeral margins long, posterior margin very 
 slightly concave. Elytra moderately long, two cross nervures between the 
 sectors. 
 
 Color: Pale fulvous or tawny. Vertex whitish with a pair of apical 
 spots, a pair of short lines in each basal angle and often the transverse 
 depression, tawny. Pronotum faintly irrorate with tawny. Elytra red- 
 dish-fulvous, subhyaline, with whitish spots and more or less definite 
 bands across the base and before the tip of the clavus. Face pale. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over twice as long 
 as the preceding, lateral angles broadly rounded, posterior margin trun- 
 cate except for a broad but short rounding lobe on the median third; 
 pygofers stout, widest at the middle, slightly exceeded by the ovipositor, 
 sparsely spined apically. Male, valve broad and triangular, rounded 
 apically; plates large, convex, nearly four times the length of the valve, 
 apices acute, margins spiny. 
 
 Distribution: This species has not yet been reported from 
 Kansas, but very likely occurs in the eastern part of the state. 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball records this as an oak-feeding species. 
 
 Genus MESAMIA Ball. 
 
 Doctor Ball describes this genus as follows : 
 "Vertex with the disc depressed, anterior margin usually 
 elevated and acutely angled with the front, margin often
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 187 
 
 slightly produced, front narrow, slightly constricted at an- 
 tennal socket, then angularly widened to the ocelli; surface 
 smooth polished, nearly flat above. Elytra subhyaline, the 
 second cross nervure present (sometimes obscure) and the 
 central anteapical cell slightly constricted. Usually with a 
 number of supernumerary veinlets along the clavus and costa." 
 Three of the four species keyed below have been collected in 
 Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES.* 
 
 A. Species with fuscous markings or at least with fuscous nervures. 
 B. A dark saddle on elytra between the cross nervures. 
 
 nigridorsum. 
 BB. Without a definite dark band. 
 
 C. Size of nigridorsum, vertex depressed, with four spots on 
 anterior margin, connected by a line posteriorly, with a 
 broad band below vertex. straminea. 
 
 CC. Smaller than nigridorsum, vertex flat, sometimes with 
 a narrow line above and below margin. 
 
 coloradensis. 
 AA. Species fulvous-yellow with light spots. vitellina. 
 
 Mesamia nigridorsum Ball. 
 
 Mesamia niyridorsum Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 60, pi. 3, fig. 6; pi. 4, fig. 6, 
 1907. 
 
 Paramesus twiningi Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xxi, p. 290, 1894. 
 Paramesus jucundus G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 84, 1895. 
 Eutettix nigridorsum DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 68, 1916. 
 Mesamia nigridorsum Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 628, 1917. 
 
 Form: Length, 3.75 to 5 mm. Vertex one-third longer on middle than 
 next the eye, not quite twice as broad as long, disc depressed, anterior 
 margin elevated and acutely angled with front. Pronotum scarcely twice 
 as broad as long, lateral margins somewhat shorter than the humeral. 
 Elytra long, flaring, with characteristic venation, two cross nervures 
 between the sectors, several cross veins along clavus and claval suture 
 and with six or seven reflexed costal veins. 
 
 Color: Vertex white apically, back of which is an irregular black line 
 connected anteriorly with two large quadrangular spots, disc brown. 
 Pronotum brown anteriorly back of which is a light line containing two 
 dark spots on either side, rest of pronotum brownish, irrorate with 
 fuscous. Scutellum brown with one white spot on each margin and one 
 apically. Elytra milky-white, nervures brown, a dark brown saddle across 
 posterior two-thirds of clavus, apex and costal veinlets black. Face 
 brownish, black above, arcs pale. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin broadly and deeply emarginate and with a median lobe which is 
 slightly notched apically; pygofers stout, exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely 
 spined apically. Male, valve very small, posteriorly broadly rounded' 
 
 * Adapted from key by Doctor Ball, Proc. Dav. Arad. Sci., xii, p. 60, 1907.
 
 188 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 plates a little longer than basal width, margins spiny, acute apices 
 equalling or exceeding pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas, Pottawatomie, Riley and 
 Clark counties. 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball gives Helianthus as the host of this 
 
 species. 
 
 Mesamia straminea (Osb.). 
 
 Parameav* straminfus Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., v, p. 241, 1898. 
 
 Hut rl fix (Mfsamia) straminea Ball, Proc. Dav. Aead. Sci., xii, p. 62, pi. 3, fig. 7, pi. 
 4, fig. 7, 1907. 
 
 Mesamia gtratninta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 628, 1917. 
 
 Form: That of nigridorsum. Length, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. Vertex slightly 
 longer and more angled than in nigridorsum, about twice as wide as 
 long, disc depressed, margin acute. Pronotum about twice as wide as 
 long, lateral margins short. Elytra long and narrow, often flaring, two 
 cross nervures between the sectors, central anteapical cell sometimes 
 divided, with six or seven costal veinlets. 
 
 Color: Straw-colored with a greenish tinge. Vertex with white an- 
 terior and posterior margins, former with an interrupted black line often 
 reduced to four spots, disc yellowish-green. Pronotum anteriorly yel- 
 lowish-green, posteriorly darker, irrorate with brown, the two parts sepa- 
 rated by a darker line which is produced medially. Scutellum olive-brown, 
 basal angles with orange spot, and with seven light spots around the 
 edge. Elytra milky-white, subhyaline, disc brownish, nervures brown, 
 costal nervures and apex fuscous, three pairs of white spots along the 
 suture. Face pale, darkening with dark bands above to a black line 
 under the margin of the vertex. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin broadly and deeply emarginate, with a median lobe which is slightly 
 emarginate apically; pygofers broad, exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely 
 spined. Male, valve very small, rounded posteriorly; plates together 
 forming a triangle a little longer than broad, margins spiny, apices acute, 
 exceeding the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie and Riley counties. 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball reports this on the rough-leaved species 
 of Helianthus. 
 
 Mesamia coloradensis (G. & B.). 
 
 Alii/gits coloradensis G. & B., Heinip. Colo., p. 91, 1895. 
 
 Paramesvs immaculatus Ba-11, Can. Ent., xxxvii, p. 211, 1905. 
 
 Kutettvx (Mesamia) coloradensis Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 63, 1907. 
 
 Paramesus coloradensis Tuck., Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui., iv, p. 66, 1907. 
 
 Mftamia coloradensis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 628, 1917. 
 
 Form: Like straminea, but smaller. Length, 3.75 to 4.5 mm. Vertex 
 one-half longer on middle than next the eye, about twice as wide as long, 
 depression slight, acutely angled with front, apex a trifle more pointed 
 than in straminea. Pronotum about twice as wide as long, lateral mar-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 189 
 
 gins short, broadly rounding with humeral margins. Elytra rather short 
 with the two cross nervures characteristic of the group. 
 
 Color: Whitish, sometimes tinged with green or brown. Vertex un- 
 marked or usually with thin interrupted marginal line and a pair of 
 basal spots, brown or black. Pronotum usually unmarked or with disc 
 irrorate with brown and a few dark spots behind the eyes. Elytra milky- 
 white with nervures brown, sparsely reticulated with brown. Face pale, 
 unmarked, or with dark bands darkening above. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 the preceding, narrowed strongly on posterior half, posterior margin 
 broadly and deeply emarginate, with a median lobe which has brown 
 margins and is very slightly notched apically; pygofers broad, exceeded 
 by ovipositor, sparsely spined on distal half. Male, valve small, rounded 
 posteriorly; plates about equal in length to their combined basal width, 
 margins spiny, acute apices exceeding pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Ottawa county only. 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball gives Artemesia dracunculoides as the 
 host plant of this species. 
 
 Mesamia vitellina (Fh.). 
 
 Acocephalus ritfllinv.s Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 57, 1851. 
 
 Jassus twiningi Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iv, p. 511, 1878. 
 
 Xetenocephalus vitellinus Van D., Psyche, v, p. 390, 1890. 
 
 Paremesua furcatus Osb., Can. Ent., xxxii, p. 285, 1900. 
 
 Paramesus vitellina Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 516, 1905. 
 
 Eutettix (Mesamia,) vitellina Ball, Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., xii, p. 67, pi. 4, fig. 2, 1907. 
 
 Eutettix vitellina Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 139, 1915. 
 
 Mesamia vitellina Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 628, 1917. 
 
 Form: Our largest member of the genus. Length, 5.5 to 6.5 mm. Ver- 
 tex long, almost as long as the pronotum, one-half longer on the middle 
 than next the eye, less than twice as broad as long in the female, very 
 slightly depressed, margin acute. Pronotum over twice as broad as long, 
 lateral margins not greatly shorter than the humeral, posterior margin 
 emarginate. Elytra long, venation indistinct, but with the two cross 
 nervures between the sectors and several costal veinlets. 
 
 Color: Fulvous-yellow. Vertex yellow, unmarked. Pronotum fulvous 
 with anterior margin yellow, with a fairly distinct median line and lateral 
 ones, light. Scutellum pale, basal angles fulvous. Elytra golden or 
 fulvous-yellow with darker oblique basal band and a parallel band ending 
 on tip of clavus, darker, whole surface with white spots. Face yellow. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment nearly twice as long 
 as preceding, narrowed posteriorly to broadly rounding lateral lobes, be- 
 tween which the posterior margin is emarginate with a strap-like median 
 lobe; pygofers broad, exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely spined. Male, 
 valve triangular, two-thirds as long as last ventral segment, obtuse 
 apically; plates nearly four times the length of the valve, apices atten- 
 uate, acute, exceeding pygofers, margins spined.
 
 190 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: Not yet reported for Kansas, but should be 
 found. 
 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball gives wild rose as the host plant of this 
 
 species. 
 
 Genus PHLEPSIUS Fieb. 
 
 The members of this genus are generally robust species with 
 vertex broad, usually distinctly longer on middle than next the 
 eye and obtusely angled. Their chief characteristic is the 
 marking of the elytra with brown ramose pigment lines which 
 are not confined, as in Eutettix, to any particular part of 
 the elytra. Due to these lines the species are, with few excep- 
 tions, brownish, but even in these exceptions, the ramose lines 
 are found. 
 
 All of the twenty-one species keyed below have been found 
 in Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES.* 
 
 A. Head narrower than the pronotum. 
 
 B. Species large, 7 mm. or over; head much narrower than prono- 
 tum; elytra long and narrow. 
 
 C. Reddish-brown, length, 9 to 10 mm. nuajestus. 
 
 CC. Paler, grayish or cinereous, length 9 mm. or less. 
 
 spatulatiis. 
 
 BB. Species smaller, 7 mm. or less; head slightly narrower than 
 pronotum; stouter species with shorter elytra. 
 
 C. Sutural margin of elytra not definitely marked with 
 ivory lobate markings. 
 
 D. Elytra marked with numerous ivory areoles. 
 
 areolatus. 
 
 DD. Elytra without ivory areoles. superbiis. 
 
 CC. Sutural margin of elytra definitely marked with ivory 
 lobate markings. 
 D. Species longer, length 6 mm. or over. 
 
 E. Rather slender species, female segment ex- 
 cavated to base or nearly so. excultus. 
 EE. More robust species; female segment exca- 
 vated half way to base. decorns. 
 DD. Species smaller, length less than 6 mm. 
 
 ovatus. 
 AA. Head as wide or wider than pronotum. 
 
 B. Vertex short, but little longer on the middle than next the eye, 
 edge obtuse. 
 
 C. General color yellowish or brownish, closely inscribed. 
 D. Uniformly colored species. 
 
 E. Distinctly robust species, narrowed apically. 
 F. Margin of vertex black on either side 
 of a light tip. lascivious. 
 
 * Adapted from keys by Van Duzee. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 65, 1892, and De 
 Long, Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 68, 1916.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 191 
 
 AA. Head as wide or wider than pronotum concluded. 
 
 FF. Margin of vertex not black. 
 
 G. Species dark or dirty brown. 
 
 H. Species not over 5.5 mm. 
 
 long. altus. 
 
 HH. Species longer, 6 mm. or 
 
 over. incisus. 
 
 GG. Species fulvous-brown ; length, 6 
 
 to 7 mm. turpiculus. 
 
 EE. More slender species, elytra narrowed api- 
 cally. 
 
 F. Species about 6 mm. long: female seg- 
 ment not produced at sides into dis- 
 tinct lobes. 
 
 G. Female segment excavated, with 
 median tooth; male valve long, 
 apex rounded. irroratus 
 
 GG. Female segment truncate, with- 
 out median tooth: male valva 
 short and truncated. 
 
 truncatus. 
 
 FF. Species smaller, less than 6 mm. long; 
 female segment produced at sides into 
 distinct lobes. lobatus 
 
 DD. Vertex, pronotum and scutellum yellow, elytra 
 
 dark brown. collitus. 
 
 CC. General color cinereous, sparsely inscribed. 
 
 cinereus. 
 
 BB. Vertex longer, distinctly longer on middle than next the eye; 
 disc depressed, edge acute or subacute. 
 
 C. Elytra closely dotted, not reticulated, with some of tho 
 
 dots in irregular lines. punctiscriptus. 
 
 CC. Elytra reticulated. 
 
 D. Size medium, 6 to 7 mm. long. 
 
 E. Head, pronotum and scutellum not distinctly 
 yellow, elvtra with two clearer transverse 
 bands indicated. aperttis. 
 
 EE. Head, pronotum and scutellum pale yellow. 
 
 elytra evenly inscribed. fulvidorsum. 
 DD. Size large, 7 mm. or over. 
 
 E. Length, 8 to 8.5 mm.; elytra distinctly nar- 
 rowed apically, female segment not produced 
 medially. nebulosus 
 
 EE. Length, 7 to 7.5 mm.; elytra scarcely nar- 
 rowed apically, female segment produced me- 
 dially, solidaginis. 
 
 Phlepsius majestus 0. & B. 
 
 Phlepsius majestus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci.. iv, p. 229, pi. 26, 6%. 6, 1897. 
 
 Phlepsius majestus Osb., 20th Kept, N. Y. St. Ent., p. 533, 1905. 
 
 Phlepsius majestus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 76, 1916. 
 
 Phlepsius majestus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 667, 1917. 
 
 Phlepsius majestus Ball, Ann. Ent. Soe. Am., xi, p. 382, 1918. 
 
 Phlepsius majestus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 101, 1919.
 
 192 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 b\>nn: Our largest Phlepsid, elongate. Length, 9 to 10 mm. Head 
 much narrower than pronotum; vertex distinctly produced, twice as 
 broad as long, front long and narrow. Pronotum over twice as broad as 
 long, broadest at lateral angles, anterior margin strongly convex, lateral 
 margins longer than humeral, posterior margin slightly emarginate. 
 Elytra long and narrow, greatly exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Reddish-brown; vertex yellowish, two apical and two basal 
 spots black, disc with a large black transverse band on each side, median 
 longitudinal line brown. Pronotum yellowish marked with brown or 
 black. Scutellum yellowish marked with brown on basal angles and api- 
 cally. Elytra pale yellow to milky-white marked with reddish-brown 
 irrorations. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment one-third longer 
 than preceding, posterior margin emarginate, with two distinct median 
 points between which is an incision extending fully half way to base; 
 pygofers broad and short, equalling ovipositor, spiny medially on distal 
 half. Male, last ventral segment truncate ; valve scarcely twice as broad 
 as long, roundingly produced to very broad apex; plates long, spiny mar- 
 gins convexly rounding to blunt tips which exceed the short spiny pygo- 
 fers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Douglas and Pottawatomie counties. 
 Hosts: De Long reports sweeping this species from weeds 
 in open woods. 
 
 Phlepsius spatulatus Van D. 
 
 Phlepsius spatulatus Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 78, 1892. 
 Phlrpsius personatus Bak., Can. Ent., xxx, p. 30, 1898. 
 Phlepsius spatvlatus Snow. Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui., ii, p. 349, 1904. 
 Phltpsius spatulatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 667, 1917. 
 PMepsius spatulatus Ball, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., xi, p. 384, 1918. 
 
 Form: Smaller than majestus. Length, 7 to 9 mm. Head much nar- 
 rower than the pronotum; vertex one-fourth longer on middle than next 
 the eye, not quite twice as wide as long. Pronotum about twice as wide 
 as long, lateral and humeral margins about equal, posterior margin 
 slightly emarginate, transversely wrinkled. 
 
 Color: Pale grayish or cinereous, sometimes fulvous-brown. Vertex 
 whitish, with broad transverse brown band between eyes and usually with 
 brown spots before and behind this. Pronotum irrorate with brown and 
 yellow. Scutellum yellowish. Elytra cinereous, regularly inscribed with 
 brown, darker apically. Face pale or yellowish, marked with brown arcs. 
 
 External genitaliii: Female, last ventral segment half longer than the 
 preceding, longest at the rounding lateral lobes between which it is 
 emarginate, with a pair of stout acute teeth in this emargination and be- 
 tween them an acute median notch; pygofers broad and short, slightly 
 exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely spined. Male, last ventral segment as 
 long as preceding, valve narrow, two to two and one-half times as wide as
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 193 
 
 long, obtusely angulated, or rounded apically; plates long, spiny margins 
 at first convex and then suddenly narrowed at proximal third, then taper- 
 ing regularly to long attenuate and acute tips which exceed the spiny 
 pygofers, with a brown line, parallel to margin, on the proximal third. 
 
 Distribution: Found in western Kansas, specimens having 
 been taken in Reno, Stafford, Thomas and Sherman counties. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Phlepsius areolatus Bak. 
 
 Phltpsius areolatus Bak., Can. Ent., xxx, p. 30, 1898. 
 Phlepsius areolatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 668, 1917. 
 
 Form: A stout robust species. Length", 5.5 to 6.75 mm. Head nar- 
 rower than pronotum; vertex not quite twice as broad as long, rounded 
 apically, disc strongly depressed, the margin thin. Pronotum about twice 
 as long as the vertex, twice as broad as long, widest at lateral angles, 
 humeral margins a little longer than the lateral, posterior margin about 
 truncate, transversely wrinkled. Elytra moderately long, flaring at tips. 
 
 Color: Cinereous, marked with dark brown; vertex yellowish with four 
 black spots along margin, the median pair larger and triangular, with 
 two small apical spots, and disc with two large brown patches. Prono- 
 tum irrorate with yellowish and brown. Scutellum yellowish or whitish, 
 marked with brown. Elytra milky-white, irrorate with dark brown, with 
 a strong areolate appearance. Face yellowish irrorate with brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than the 
 preceding, lateral margins strongly narrowed on their distal half, hind 
 margin broadly emarginate and with a small median notch; pygofers 
 broad and short, exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely bristly. Male, last, 
 ventral segment longer than preceding; valve very small, rounded pos- 
 teriorly; plates broad, together forming a triangle broader than long, 
 spiny margins narrowed evenly to the obtuse tips which exceed the very 
 short, bristly pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Sherman, Pottawatomie and Douglas counties. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Phlepsius superbus Van D. 
 
 Phlepsius superbus Van IX, Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 81, 1892. 
 Phlepsius superbus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 77, 1916. 
 Phlepsius superbus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 668, 1917. 
 Phlepsius superbus Ball, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., xi, p. 383, 1918. 
 Phlepsius superbus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 98, 1919. 
 
 Form: A medium-sized, semirobust species. Length, 6.25 to 7 mm. 
 Head slightly narrower than pronotum. Vertex half longer on middle 
 than next the eye, twice as broad as long, obtusely but distinctly angu- 
 late. Pronotum twice as long as vertex, twice as wide as long, anterior 
 margin strongly convex, humeral margins longer than the lateral, pos- 
 terior margin clearly concave, transversely wrinkled. Scutellum large. 
 
 13 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 194 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Elytra long, distinctly narrowed apically, slightly flaring, appendix pres- 
 ent. 
 
 Color: Yellowish or yellow-fulvous; vertex and pronotum yellowish, 
 irrorate with brown, scutellum lighter, with traces of two yellow lines. 
 Elytra yellowish, nearly evenly inscribed with brown, white lobate sutural 
 line not distinct. Face yellowish, irrorate with brown and marked with 
 darker arcs. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment very characteristic, 
 over twice longer than preceding, strongly narrowed posteriorly and with 
 a very large median incision reaching nearly to base, making the seg- 
 ment appear almost like two widely-separated lateral lobes; pygofers 
 very broad, slightly exceeded by ovipositor, distal half bristly. Male, 
 last ventral segment slightly longer than preceding ; valve small, narrow, 
 posteriorly rounded; plates very broad, short, inner margins contiguous, 
 outer margins broadly rounding, together describing a semicircle, slightly 
 exceeded by the bristly pygofers, and with a row of spines, well in, but 
 parallel to outer margin. 
 
 Distribution: Found throughout the state as shown by the 
 following map : 
 
 Hosts: De Long records sweeping this species from pas- 
 ture and grass land. 
 
 Phlepsius excultiis (Uhl.). 
 
 Jasau* excultu Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iii, p. 467, 1877. 
 Phlepsiu* excvltu* Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 80, 1892. 
 Phtfpriiu xcultug Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 534, 1905. 
 PMepsius xcultus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 77, 1916. 
 PMtptius xcultvs Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 667, 1917. 
 Fhlepgius xevltus Ball, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., xi, p. 387, 1918. 
 PMepniut xcultut Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 97, 1919. 
 (JtutMs inftimatug and scalaria Uhl., MS.) in collections. 
 
 Form: Semi-slender species. Length, 6 to 7 mm. Head slightly 
 narrower than pronotum; vertex less than twice as wide as long, half 
 longer on middle than next the eye, disc sloping, broadly rounded with
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 195 
 
 front, obtusely angled apically. Pronotum twice as wide as long, slightly 
 emarginate posteriorly, lateral margins as long as humeral, posterior 
 half of disc strongly wrinkled, pits distinct. Elytra long, not strongly 
 narrowed apically, appendix distinct. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum and scutellum pale to orange-yellow, irrorate 
 with light brown ; vertex with two brown spots on posterior margin near 
 the eyes, pronotum usually with four spots along anterior margin and 
 scutellum with two spots on anterior margin. Elytra light cinereous, 
 closely and evenly inscribed with dark brown and with the trilobate 
 sutural line ivory-white. Face fulvous-yellow, heavily irrorate with dark 
 brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment with lateral angles 
 triangularly or truncately produced, broadly incised medially nearly or 
 quite to base, exposing base of ovipositor with its overlapping plates; 
 pygofers broadest at the middle, exceeded by the ovipositor, spined dis- 
 tally. Male, last ventral segment longer than the preceding; valve broad 
 but short, rounded posteriorly; plates broad basally, triangular, sub- 
 marginally spined margins somewhat concavely narrowed to acute apicea 
 which exceed the spiny pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Reported by Van Duzee from Kansas. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Phlepsius decorus 0. & B. 
 
 Phlepsius decorus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 230, pi. 26, fig. 7, 1897. 
 Phlepsius decorus Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 533, 1905. 
 Phlepsius decorus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 141, 1915. 
 Phlepsius decorus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 76, 1916. 
 Phlepsius decorus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 668, 1917. 
 PMepeius decorus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 99, 1919. 
 
 Form: Broader and shorter than excultus. Length, 5.5 to 6.25 mm. 
 Head slightly narrower than pronotum; vertex one-third longer on 
 middle than next the eye, nearly or quite twice as wide as long, disc flat, 
 rather acutely angled with the front, obtusely angled apically. Pronotum 
 short, about half longer than the vertex, usually more than twice as wide 
 as long, humeral margins distinctly longer than the lateral, posterior two- 
 thirds transversely wrinkled. Elytra short and wide, broadly flaring. 
 
 Color: Usually dark brown. Vertex white, with a few broad marginal 
 markings and with brown irrorations forming a broad transverse band 
 between the eyes, and a pair of more or less definite dark spots near 
 posterior margin. Pronotum yellowish marked with brown, with two 
 crescentiform dashes near posterior margin and a black spot behind each 
 eye. Scutellum yellowish with two spots on disc and two on anterior 
 margin, fuscous. Elytra milky-white to nearly smoky, marked with dark 
 brown nervures and irrorations, scutellum and sutural margins usually 
 white, the latter with the three ivory-white lobate markings, usually 
 distinct. Face yellowish, strongly irrorate with brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment little longer than 
 preceding, lateral margins quite short, posterior margin truncate and
 
 196 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 with a broad median notch reaching half or two-thirds the distance to 
 the base; pygofers broad, exceeded by ovipositor, very sparsely spined on 
 distal half. Male, last ventral segment longer than preceding; valve 
 small, triangular, obtusely angled apically; plates broad and short, inner 
 margins contiguous, submarginally spined, lateral margins convexly 
 rounding to obtuse apices which are distinctly exceeded by the preapically 
 spiny pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Fairly common in eastern Kansas as shown by 
 its distribution on the following map : 
 
 CHtrcw 
 
 C RAWLINS 
 
 DECATUH 
 
 NORTON 
 
 PHILL 
 
 sn, TM 
 
 JEWELL 
 
 REPUP 
 
 WASH 
 
 MAR5H 
 
 NEH. 
 
 ^ 
 
 ) 
 
 \ 
 
 JHERHA 
 
 N TrtOflAS 
 
 SHERl 
 
 CRAH 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSB. 
 
 HITCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 CLAY l| 
 
 \POUA 
 
 rri 
 
 ACK. 
 
 1TCHI> 
 
 WALLACE 
 
 U06AN 
 
 COVE 
 
 TREGO 
 
 ELLIS 
 
 RUSS 
 
 LINC 
 
 OTTAVrt 
 
 SHAW- 
 
 jr-i 
 
 JOHH 
 
 
 ELL5W 
 
 SAUNE 
 
 
 05ASE 
 
 DOUG 
 
 6RELV 
 
 VlCH 
 
 corr 
 
 LANE 
 
 NESS 
 
 RUSH 
 
 aARTO-J 
 
 R.ICE 
 
 H'PHER 
 
 HARION 
 
 CHASE 
 
 LYON 
 
 FRANK 
 
 nwm 
 
 HAH 
 
 CAR. 
 
 FiN 
 
 JEV 
 
 IODGE. 
 
 PAWNEE i 
 | J3 
 
 RENO 
 
 
 HARVEY 
 
 J 
 
 
 w 
 
 ECN. 
 
 COFFE 
 
 ANKIi 
 
 Lag 
 
 - 
 
 roo 
 
 
 
 
 
 BUTLER 
 
 WOOD. 
 
 ALLEN 
 
 3L 
 
 CRAW. 
 
 STAN. 
 
 mm 
 
 HASH. 
 
 KIOWA 
 
 PRATT 
 
 KING. 
 
 SCDGE 
 
 WILSON 
 
 IV EOS. 
 
 
 
 ELK. 
 
 HORT 5 
 
 FCK 
 
 SEW: 
 
 HEAD 
 
 CUlffK 
 
 COHAN. 
 
 8AR8C 
 
 HAI?R 
 
 SUHNER. 
 
 COW. 
 
 CMAOT 
 
 HONT. 
 
 LAB. 
 
 CM 
 
 Hosts: Found on pasture grasses. 
 
 Phlepsius ovatus Van D. 
 
 PMfiixiux ovatus Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 79, 1892. 
 Phleprivs ovatus G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 94, 1895. 
 I'hlrprivs ovatus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 75, 1916. 
 Phlepsius ovatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 668, 1917. 
 Pklejisius ovatus Ball, Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., xi, p. 387, 1918. 
 
 Form: A small robust species, smaller than two preceding. Length, 
 5 to 6 mm. Head slightly narrower than pronotum; vertex one-half 
 longer on middle than next the eye, nearly or quite as wide as long, ob- 
 tusely rounding with front, obtusely angled apically. Pronotum a little 
 over half longer than the vertex, twice as broad as long, lateral margins 
 nearly or quite as long as the humeral, posterior margins slightly emar- 
 ginate, posterior two-thirds transversely wrinkled. Elytra short and 
 broad, moderately exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Usually lighter than decorus, yellowish-white inscribed with 
 dark brown. Vertex yellow, irrorate with light brown, the latter forming 
 two spots on either side of the apex and two broad transverse bands on 
 the disc, connected by a short curved line with the posterior margin. Pro- 
 notum with brown marks which are less prominent on the posterior por- 
 tion of the disc. Scutellum with large brown triangles in basal angles.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLIOE. 197 
 
 Elytra whitish, heavily inscribed with brown nervures and ramose mark- 
 ings, lighter on costa, and suture with distinct ivory trilobate markings. 
 Face yellow, marked with brown irrorations and arcs. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment broad and short, 
 roundingly narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin broadly excavated to 
 nearly one-half the distance to the base and with a median notch extend- 
 ing nearly to the base; pygofers broad, slightly exceeded by ovipositor, 
 apical half bristly. Male, last ventral segment longer than preceding; 
 valve narrow, triangular, about one-half wider than long, apex acute; 
 plates broad and short, submarginally spined, margins convexly rounding 
 to obtuse apices which extend beyond the valve less than the length of the 
 latter and nearly or quite equalling the short bristly pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie and Morton counties. 
 Hosts: The only host plant record is that given by De Long 
 who swept a single female from pasture grasses. 
 
 Phlepsius lascivius Ball. 
 
 Phlepsius lascivius Ball, Can. Ent., xxxii, p. 200, 1900. 
 Phlepsius lascivius Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 670, 1917. 
 
 Form: Medium sized, semi-robust species. Length, 6 to 6.5 mm. Head 
 as wide as the pronotum; vertex one-third longer on middle than next 
 the eye, two and one-half to three times as wide as long, broadly rounded 
 apically. Pronotum twice as wide as long, humeral and lateral margins 
 about equal in length, rounding into each other, posterior margins some- 
 what emarginate. Elytra broad and moderately long, flaring behind, 
 claval nervures parallel, not united by a transverse nervure. 
 
 Color: Faintly light brown. Vertex, pronotum and scutellum yellow- 
 ish, irrorate with brown; elytra whiter. Vertex with irregular black 
 markings on either side of the white apex, back of this a lighter area and 
 then irrorate with fulvous brown to the base. Scutellum with two light 
 spots on margin and at apex, and a dark spot on each margin. Elytra 
 finely and evenly inscribed with fuscous dots which fuse into lines costally 
 and apically. Face heavily irrorate with fuscous, black above. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment very long, slightly 
 narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin truncate, with a small median 
 notch between which and the lateral angles the margin is slightly con- 
 cave; pygofers not as broad as in preceding species, slightly exceeded by 
 ovipositor and sparsely spined. Male, valve very broad, triangular, with 
 obtuse or subacute apex; plates large, broad at base, narrowing rapidly 
 on basal third and then produced as parallel-margined, bluntly pointed, 
 divergent lobes which completely hide and exceed the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Gove county only. 
 Hosts: Unknown.
 
 198 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Phlepsius altus 0. & B. 
 
 PMrp*nix nltug O. & B., la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 228, pi. 26, fig. 5, 1897. 
 //,/,,.* nltus O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 99, pi. 6, fig. 3, 1898. 
 Phlepgivg mimvs Bale., Ent. News, be, p. 67, 1898. 
 Phlepgiu* mimttg Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., ix, p. 225, 1909. 
 1'ltli'imiiig altus Van 1).. Cat. Heinip. N. A., p. 670, 1917. 
 
 Form: Small and stout. Length, 5.5 mm. Head slightly wider than 
 pronotum; vertex one-third longer on middle than next the eye, three 
 times as wide as long, obtusely angled apically. Pronotum twice as wide 
 as long, basal half transversely wrinkled, lateral margins short, humeral 
 margins longer, posterior margin slightly emarginate. Elytra short, 
 flaring, claval veins slightly approaching each other near the middle. 
 
 Color: Dark fulvous; vertex, pronotum and scutellum soiled yellowish- 
 white, usually nearly uniformly irrorate with dark brown, posterior 
 two-thirds of pronotum often darker. Elytra whitish, heavily inscribed 
 with dark brown, leaving spots here and there. Face yellowish-white, 
 nearly uniformly irrorate with dark brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over twice longer 
 than preceding, narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin broadly emargi- 
 nate nearly one-third of distance to the base, emargination with a deep 
 median slit, lateral angles lobular and appressed to the pygofers; py- 
 gofers semirobust, exceeded by the ovipositor, very sparsely spined. Male, 
 last ventral segment as long as preceding; valve broad, triangular, 
 slightly longer than ultimate segment, margins indented just before the 
 acutely pointed apex; plates broad, ventrally convex, submarginally 
 spined margins narrowing to obtuse tips which exceed the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie, Riley, Gray and 
 Sheridan counties. 
 
 Hosts: Osborn and Ball report this species as abundant on 
 Bouteloua hirsuta. 
 
 Phlepsius incisus Van D. 
 
 miepsius incisiis Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 73, 1892. 
 PMrpghts incteus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 533, 1905. 
 PMepius inciting Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 143, 1915. 
 Phlepsiug incuug DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 71, 1916. 
 Phelpgiug incigug Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 570, 1917. 
 
 Form : Rather robust, larger than altus. Length, 6 to 6.5 mm. Head 
 slightly wider than pronotum; vertex slightly longer on middle than next 
 the eye, over three times as wide as long, disc depressed, margin acute, 
 apex obtusely rounded. Pronotum about three times as long as vertex, 
 twice as broad as long, lateral margins short, posterior margin emargi- 
 nate, not transversely wrinkled. Elytra broad, not narrowed apically, 
 appendix distinct. 
 
 Color: Yellowish, irrorate with testaceous-brown. Vertex yellowish, 
 irrorate with light brown. Pronotum yellowish with posterior two-thirds 
 heavily irrorate with light brown. Scutellum pale, somewhat maculate
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHWE. 199 
 
 with brown. Elytra cinereous, heavily irrorate with dark brown, tips of 
 claval veins often white. Face yellowish, heavily irrorate with brown. 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice the length of 
 the preceding, keeled, posterior margin obtusely produced with a broad 
 and deep median notch. Male, last ventral segment widened posteriorly; 
 valve large, very broad, triangular, obtusely pointed; plates large, broad 
 basally, spiny margins sinuately narrowing to broad rounded apices 
 which exceed the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie county. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Phlepsius turpiculus Ball. 
 
 Phlepsius turpiculus Ball, Can. Ent., xxxii, p. 200, 1900. 
 Phlepsius turpiculus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 671, 1917. 
 
 Form: Rather large and robust. Length, 6 to 7 mm. Head as wide 
 as the pronotum; vertex slightly longer on middle than next the eye, 
 over three times as broad as long, obtusely rounding with front, ob- 
 tusely angled at apex. Pronotum with lateral margins shorter than the 
 humeral, posterior margin slightly emarginate, disc transversely wrinkled. 
 Elytra long, narrowing apically. 
 
 Color: Dirty-yellow, irrorate with fulvous. Vertex, pronotum, and 
 scutellum yellowish, marked with dirty fulvous, margins of latter some- 
 times with two dark spots. Elytra whitish, heavily irrorate with light 
 or dark brown. Face yellowish, quite evenly irrorate with brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as the 
 preceding, posterior margin slightly notched medially, either side of 
 which it is sinuate to the prominent lateral angles, pygofers semi-robust, 
 long, usually equalling or slightly exceeding the ovipositor, rather spiny 
 except on basal third. Male, last ventral segment wider than preceding; 
 valve large and broad, triangular, margins indented midway to the obtuse 
 apex; plates four times the length of the valve, slightly constricted 
 basally, then broadening before narrowing again to long finger-like 
 processes whose acute tips exceed the pygofers. A brown line, parallel 
 to the margin and ending in a brown basal spot, on the proximal half 
 of the plates. 
 
 Distribution: This species occurs in western Kansas, speci- 
 mens having been taken in Thomas and Morton counties. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Phlepsius irroratus (Say). 
 
 (PI. 14, figs. 1-2.) 
 
 Jassux irroratus Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 308, 1831; Compl. Writ., li, 
 p. 384. 
 
 Jassus testudinarius Burm., Genera Ins., i, pi. 14, 1838. 
 Jassug inornatus Pack., U. S. Ent. Comm., Bui. 7, p. 80, 1881. 
 AUijgus irroratu* Uhl., Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 245, 1884. 
 Phlepsiun irroratus Van D., Ent. Am., vi, p. 93, 1890. 
 Phlejixiux irroratus Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soo., xix, p. 71, 1892.
 
 200 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 riilrpsiut irroratvs Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i; pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 I'hlepsius irroratvs Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 533, 1906. 
 
 PMepsius irrorati 
 Phlepsius irrorati 
 Phltpsivs irrorati 
 
 Phlepsivs irrorati 
 Phlepsius irroratu 
 Phlepsius irroratu 
 Phlepsius irroratu 
 
 Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 94, fig. 25, 191'2. 
 
 Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 139, 1915. 
 
 Gibs., Can. Ent., xlviii, p. 178, 1916. 
 
 DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 72, 1916. 
 
 Van D., Cat, Hemip. N. A., p. 671, 1917. 
 
 Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 185, 1918. 
 
 Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 90, 1919. 
 
 Form: A rather slender and elongate species. Length, 5.5 to 7 mm. 
 Head as wide as pronotum; vertex one-third longer at middle than next 
 the eye, over twice as wide as long, obtusely angled apically. Pronotum 
 long, barely twice as wide as long, anterior margin strongly convex, 
 lateral margins short, posterior margin slightly emarginate. Elytra long, 
 narrowed apically. 
 
 Color: Grayish to yellowish, strongly and evenly inscribed. Vertex 
 yellowish with an apical median line and spots on posterior margin whit- 
 ish. Disc of pronotum more heavily irrorate than margins. Scutellum 
 irrorate, with two or three marginal dark spots, an apical and two pre- 
 apical marginal spots, white. Elytra whitish with fuscous nervures and 
 closely inscribed with fuscous. Face yellowish, closely irrorate with 
 fuscous. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, rounded laterally, rounded lateral angles exceeded in length 
 by three median teeth, the wider middle one separated by deep excava- 
 tions from the outer two; pygofers rather slender, widest at the middle, 
 exceeded by ovipositor, spined on apical half. Male, valve as broad as 
 last ventral segment, triangular, apex rounded ; plates broad basally, then 
 narrowing to constriction near middle, and then broadening to obtusely 
 pointed apices, each with a row of submarginal spines and bearing soft 
 silky hairs, greatly exceeding the very short apically bristled pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles triangular, very large basally, with a 
 long finger-like terminal process which is strongly roughened, especially 
 on the lateral margin; connective Y-shaped, with the cleft deep and more 
 strongly chitinized on outer part, stem ending in a broad base; oedagus 
 broad basally, gradually widening to an enlarged tip which is serrate, 
 and with a small dorsal process for attachment to anal tube.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 
 
 201 
 
 Distribution: This is our commonest Phlepsid. It is found 
 throughout the state as shown by the following map : 
 
 CHtrCNN 
 
 C RAWUNS 
 
 DECATUfi 
 
 NORW 
 
 PHILL 
 
 SHlTH 
 
 JEWEU 
 
 REPUp 
 
 WASH 
 
 HARSH 
 
 NEH. 
 
 BROrt 
 
 NDONT 
 
 t 
 
 ) 
 
 SHERH/i 
 
 N THOMAS 
 
 SHER. 
 
 GRAH 
 
 ROOKS 
 
 OSB. 
 
 HTCH 
 
 CLOUD 
 
 CLAY ^(PO^A 
 
 DICK h k 
 
 ACK. ' 
 J 
 
 TCHI^ 
 
 WAUAC 
 
 . LOGAN 
 
 COVE 
 
 TREGO 
 
 ELLIS 
 
 RUSS 
 
 LINC 
 
 OTTAWA 
 
 
 A*L. 
 
 TOG 
 
 iz 
 
 ELL5VY 
 RICE 
 
 SALINE 
 
 OSAGC 
 
 GRE'LT 
 
 VYiCH. 
 
 3COTT 
 
 LANE 
 
 NC5S 
 
 RU5H 
 
 BARTON 
 
 H'PHER 
 
 nft 
 
 R|ON | CHASE 
 
 LTON 
 
 FRANK 
 
 nwni 
 
 HAfl 
 
 M 
 
 HN> 
 
 JCV 
 
 <ODGE 
 
 PAWNEt 
 EOW. 
 
 PPATT 
 
 RjNO 
 
 KING, r 
 
 
 HARv 
 
 Lf 
 
 COFFE1 
 
 *r 
 
 LIMN 
 
 GPAr 
 
 FORD 
 
 EDGE 
 
 BUTLER 
 
 GREEN; 
 
 WOOD. 
 
 ALLCN 
 
 3L 
 
 CRAW 
 
 STAN. 
 
 EMfl 
 
 HASK 
 
 KIOWA 
 
 
 
 ELK. 
 
 WILSON 
 
 NCOS. 
 
 nORT I 
 
 TEV. 
 
 SEW. 
 
 MEAD 
 
 CLflPK 
 
 CQ~1AN. 
 
 BARSER HA!?R SUHNER 
 
 COW. 
 
 CHAOT 
 
 nONT. 
 
 LAB. 
 
 CWRO 
 
 Hosts: One of our most destructive leaf hoppers. Common 
 on grasses, grains, alfalfa, and clover. 
 
 Phlepsius truncatus Van D. 
 
 Phltpsius truncatus Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 72, 1892. 
 Phlepsius truncatus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 72, 1916. 
 Phlepsius truncatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 672, 1917. 
 Phlepsius truncatus Kent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 185, 1918. 
 
 Form: Similar to irroratus, narrow and elongate. Length, 5.5 to 
 6.25 mm. Head slightly wider than pronotum ; vertex one-fourth longer 
 on middle than next the eye, over twice as broad as long, disc slightly 
 transversely depressed, obtusely angulate apically. Pronotum slightly 
 over twice the length of the vertex, lateral margins shorter than the 
 humeral, posterior margin slightly emarginate, without transverse 
 wrinkles. Elytra broader than in irroratus, narrowed apically. 
 
 Color: A trifle darker than irroratus. Vertex yellowish, irrorate with 
 brown, sometimes with whitish spots on posterior margin. Pronotum with 
 disc darker than margins. Scutellum pale with two black spots on each 
 margin. Elytra whitish, very closely inscribed with brown. Face yel- 
 lowish, closely and evenly inscribed with brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 the preceding, lateral margins sinuate, posterior margin truncate, lateral 
 angles rounded ; pygofers rather long and narrow, slightly exceeded by 
 the ovipositor, sparsely spined distally. Male, valve as broad as last 
 ventral segment, triangular, obtusely rounded apically; plates wide, not 
 quite four times as long as the valve, submarginally spined margins 
 sinuately tapering to obtuse apices which greatly exceed the very short, 
 apically bristled pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Riley and Pottawatomie counties. 
 Hosts: Found on grasses with irroratus.
 
 202 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Phlepsius lobatus Osb. 
 
 /A/.'/'.M'I/.V h>lnihi.-- Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., v, p. 247, 1898. 
 riilfimlim 1'i'xitnx Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 673, 1917. 
 
 Form: Much like preceding species, but smaller. Length, 5.5 to 5.75 
 mm. Head as wide as pronotum; vertex one-third longer at middle than 
 next the eye, over twice as wide as long, obtusely angled apically. Prono- 
 tum over twice as wide as long, lateral margins short, posterior margin 
 slightly emarginate, transverse wrinkles on basal half indistinct. Elytra 
 long, narrowed apically. 
 
 Color: Light brown. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum dirty-yellow, 
 evenly inscribed with light brown, disc of pronotum sometimes darker. 
 Elytra whitish, evenly irrorate with dark brown except on costal area 
 whe"re irro rations tend to form spots. Face yellowish, quite evenly 
 irrorate with brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment very long, strongly 
 narrowed posteriorly, with two distinct lateral lobes, between which the 
 margin is deeply and truncately incised, the median portion slightly 
 produced, carinate, and with a very small incision; pygofers long and 
 narrow, barely exceeded by the ovipositor, spiny on distal half. Male, 
 valve triangular, obtusely angled; plates broad, spined margins tapering 
 slightly sinuately to obtuse apices which greatly exceed the short py- 
 gofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Riley and Pottawatomie counties. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Phlepsius collitus Ball. 
 
 Phleptius collitus Ball, Can. Ent., xxxv, p. 227, 1903. 
 
 Phlepsivs eollitvs Osb., Ohio Nat., v, p. 275, 1905. 
 
 Phlepsius collitus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 142, 1915. 
 
 Phlepsius colKtus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 73, 1916. 
 
 Phlepsius collUus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 672, 1917. 
 
 PMfpsiug collitus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 95, 1919. 
 
 Form: Rather slender and elongate. Length, 5.5 to 6 mm. Head as 
 wide as pronotum; vertex scarcely longer on middle than next the eye, 
 three times as wide as long, disc convex, obtusely rounded apically. Pro- 
 notum two and one-half times as long as vertex, strongly convex ante- 
 riorly, lateral margins shorter than humeral, posterior margin angularly 
 concave. Elytra long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum fulvous. Vertex mottled with 
 brown, often with two darker spots basally. Pronotum often with disc 
 darker than margins which are marked with brown. Scutellum with two 
 dark spots on each lateral margin. Elytra whitish hyaline, heavily in- 
 scribed with brown, with suggestions of two whitish bands starting from 
 the first and the third of the three white spots on the clavus. Face 
 yellowish or fulvous, heavily irrorate with brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than the 
 preceding, narrowed posteriorly, emarginate between the lateral lobes,
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 203 
 
 the median third roundingly produced and medially notched; spiny 
 pygofers long and narrow, very slightly exceeded by the ovipositor. 
 Male, valve broad and triangular, obtuse apically; plates broad and con- 
 vex, submarginally spined margins narrowing to obtuse tips which 
 greatly exceed the short pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee county. 
 Hosts: De Long reports this species as abundant on grasses 
 and weeds. 
 
 Phlepsius cinereus Van D. 
 
 Phlepsius cin 
 Phlepsius cin 
 Phlepsius cin 
 Phlepsiits cin 
 Phlepsius cin 
 
 reus Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 68, 1892. 
 
 reus Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., viii, No. 5, p. 69, 1907. 
 
 reus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 70, 1916. 
 
 reus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 672, 1917. 
 
 reus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 88, 1919. 
 
 Form: Moderately large and elongate. Length, 5.5 to 7 mm. Head 
 as wide as pronotum; vertex short, very slightly longer at middle than 
 next the eye, three times as wide as long, nearly rounded apically. Pro- 
 notum nearly three times as long as vertex, lateral margins shorter than 
 humeral, posterior margin slightly emarginate. Elytra moderately long 
 and broad, apically flaring. 
 
 Color: The lightest of the Kansas species, light cinereous with pale 
 irrorations. Vertex evenly inscribed though often with two darker basal 
 spots. Disc of pronotum often darker. Scutellum with two black spots 
 on each margin and often a pair on disc. Elytra sparsely inscribed. Face 
 yellowish-white, faintly inscribed. 
 
 External genitaliu : Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, slightly narrowed posteriorly, lateral angles broadly rounding, 
 posterior margin concave between lateral angles and the median notched 
 tooth; pygofers rather stout, constricted basally, exceeded by ovipositor, 
 sparsely spined on distal half. Male, valve broad, longer than ventral 
 segment, triangular, apex obtuse; plates broad, over twice the length of 
 the valve, submarginally spined margins slightly constricted basally, then 
 tapering to obtuse apices which exceed the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Logan county. 
 Hosts: Van Duzee reports taking this species on low tangled 
 vines. 
 
 Phlepsius punctiscriptus Van D. 
 
 Phlepsius punctiscriptus Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 75, 1892. 
 Phlepsius punctiscriptus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 74, 1916. 
 Phlepsivs punctiscriptus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. -673, 1917. 
 
 Form: Medium-sized, rather wedge-shaped. Length, 5.75 to 7 mm. 
 Head slightly wider than pronotum ; vertex at least half longer at middle 
 than next the eye, two and one-half times as wide as long, disc depressed, 
 margin subacute. Pronotum twice as long as vertex, lateral margins 
 shorter than humeral, posterior margin slightly emarginate, disc trans-
 
 204 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 versely wrinkled. Elytra rather long and broad, usually vertical apically, 
 appearing to narrow the insect posteriorly. 
 
 Color: Somewhat darker than cinereus. Vertex yellowish-white, not 
 inscribed along most of anterior margin, but brown back of this. Pro- 
 notum and scutellum also yellowish-white, quite evenly inscribed with 
 fulvous brown, disc of pronotum often darker, tip of scutellum white. 
 Elytra milky-white, dotted with fine brown points, apically darker. Face 
 yellowish-white, marked with light brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as the 
 preceding, lateral margins strongly narrowed near apex to the obtuse 
 lateral lobes between which the posterior margin is slightly emarginate, 
 with the median portion produced and broadly and shallowly notched; 
 pygofers broad, widest at the middle, slightly exceeded by the ovipositor, 
 sparsely bristled on the distal half. Male, valve about half as long as 
 wide, obtusely angled apically; plates broad basally, nearly four times 
 the length of the valve, the submarginally spined margins narrowing to 
 the long acute tips which greatly exceed the short pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: This species has been taken in Riley, Potta- 
 watomie, and Gove counties. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Phlepsius apertus Van D. 
 
 PMeptitts apertua Van D., Tr&ns. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 76, 1892. 
 Phlepsiua apertus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 532, 1905. 
 
 Phlepsivs apertus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 140, 1915; Bui. 248, p. 79, 
 1916. 
 
 Phlepsius apertus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 673, 1917. 
 PMepsivs apertus Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 185, 1918. 
 
 Form: Medium-sized, fairly robust, posteriorly narrowed. Length, 
 5 to 6.5 mm. Head as wide as pronotum; vertex distinctly produced 
 medially, nearly one-half longer on middle than next the eye, disc de- 
 pressed posteriorly, apex distinctly obtusely angular, margin subacute. 
 Pronotum twice as long as vertex, anterior margin strongly convex, pos- 
 terior margin slightly emarginate, humeral margins slightly longer than 
 the lateral, disc distinctly wrinkled. Elytra moderately long, strongly 
 overlapping and flaring apically. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum dirty-yellowish, elytra milky- 
 white. Vertex irrorate with light brown, apex light with a black spot 
 either side, and usually two dark spots on posterior margin. Pronotum 
 irrorate with light brown, disc darker. Scutellum irrorate with light 
 brown, two dark spots on each margin, between which and apically there 
 is a light spot. Elytra with an indistinct oblique light band before the 
 middle where the dark brown irrorations are not as heavy as on the other 
 portions which are tinged with fulvous. Face yellowish, irrorate with 
 brown, darker above. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as pre- 
 ceding, lateral angles rounded, with a broad median incision, widening 
 basally, nearly or quite reaching the base, leaving two large lateral lobes,
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 205 
 
 with prominent inner angles; pygofers moderately broad, exceeded by ovi- 
 positor, spiny apically. Male, valve broad, triangular, slightly longer than 
 last ventral segment, obtuse apically ; plates large and very broad basally, 
 margins convex to about the apical third, tips parallel-margined and di- 
 vergent, submarginal spines and marginal hairs not reaching the apex; 
 pygofers completely hidden by the plates. 
 
 Distribution: Our only specimen of this species is from 
 Lincoln county. 
 
 Hosts: Taken on grasses. 
 
 Phlepsius fulvidorsum (Fh.). 
 
 Jassus fulvidorsum Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 62, 1851. 
 Phlepsius fulvidorsum Van D., Psyche, v, p. 390, 1890. 
 Phlepsius fulvidorsum Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 74, 1892. 
 Phlepsius fulvidorsum Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 Phlepgius fulvidorsum Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 532, 1905. 
 Phlepsius fulvidorsum Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 142, 1915. 
 Phlepsius fulvidorsum DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 72, 1916. 
 Phlepsius fulvidorsum Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 673, 1917. 
 
 Form: Females robust, males more slender. Length, 6 to 7 mm. 
 Head as wide as pronotum; vertex two and one-half times as broad as 
 long, one-half longer on middle than next the eye, with basal and pre- 
 apical transverse depressions, the margin acute. Pronotum over twice 
 as wide as long, lateral margins short, posterior margin emarginate. 
 Elytra moderately long and fairly broad. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum yellow, elytra darker. Ver- 
 tex irrorate with light brown, frequently with five or six darker mar- 
 ginal spots. Pronotum irrorate with brown, disc darker. Scutellum 
 pale, with two dark marginal spots. Elytra ivory-white to fulvous, 
 coarsely and darkly irrorate. Face yellowish, heavily irrorate with dark 
 brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than 
 preceding, narrowed posteriorly, lateral angles not prominent, posterior 
 margin sinuate on either side of the produced median half which is 
 medially notched ; pygofers semi-robust, barely exceeded by ovipositor, 
 distal half somewhat spiny. Male, valve large, broad and triangular, 
 obtusely angled apically; plates large and broad, completely hiding the 
 pygofers, over twice as long as valve, margins strongly spined and con- 
 vexly narrowed to the blunt apices. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Pottawatomie county only. 
 
 Hosts: Recorded by Van Duzee on hemlock, spruce and pine. 
 Professor Osborn gives birch, strawberry and blueberry as 
 hosts. De Long records it from grasses. 
 
 Phlepsius nebulosus Van D. 
 
 Phlepsius ntbulosus Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 77, 1892. 
 Phlepsius nebulosus O. & B., Proc. Dav. Acad. Sci., vii, p. 100, pi. 6, fie. 4, 1898. 
 pM-vnVw n'*>i>1o*iia Osb.. 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 532, 1905. 
 f Mbutontt Van D., Oat. Hemip. N. A., p. 674, 1917.
 
 206 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 form : Large, somewhat elongate. Length, 8 to 9 mm. Head slightly 
 \viik>r than pronotum; vertex one-fourth to one-half longer on middle than 
 next the eye, two and one-half times as wide as long, disc depressed, 
 margin acute, apex rounded to obtusely angulate. Pronotum transverse, 
 over twice as wide as long, anterior margin broadly rounding, humeral 
 margins a little longer than the lateral, posterior margin emarginate, 
 disc distinctly wrinkled. Elytra moderately long, broad, slightly over- 
 lapping apically and slightly flaring. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum yellowish, elytra whitish 
 fulvous. Vertex and pronotum irrorate with light brown, latter darker 
 on the disc. Scutellum -pale with two dark marginal spots. Elytra 
 rather evenly and closely inscribed with light to dark brown. Face 
 yellowish, irrorate with brown. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about three times 
 as long as preceding, narrowed posteriorly to rounded, moderately pro- 
 duced, lateral angles, between which the posterior margin is emarginate 
 and with a small median notch; pygofers moderately robust, exceeded by 
 ovipositor, sparsely spined on distal half. Male, valve broad and tri- 
 angular, nearly as long as last ventral segment, obtusely angulated 
 apically; plates large, broad basally, three times as long as valve, margins 
 with submarginal spines nearly to the obtuse diverging tips which greatly 
 exceed the short and broad pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Found chiefly in western Kansas as shown by 
 the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Osborn & Ball record this species from Panicum vir- 
 gatum. 
 
 Phlepsius solidaginis (Walk.). 
 
 solidaginis Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 847, 1851. 
 \mid\u Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 76, 1892. 
 umidu* Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 532, 1905. 
 lidagini* Van D., Can. Ent., xli, p. 384, 1909. 
 imidns Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 143, 1915. 
 
 r/i<* DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 74, 1916. 
 rhtri>iiix xnlidni/iinn Van I)., C'at. Hemip. N. A., p. 674, 1917.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^. 207 
 
 Form: Smaller than preceding species. Length, 7 to 8 mm. Head 
 slightly wider than pronotum ; vertex one-half longer on middle than next 
 the eye, two and one-half times as wide as long, disc depressed, margin 
 acute, obtusely angled apically. Pronotum transverse, twice as broad as 
 long, humeral margins a little longer than the lateral, posterior margin 
 emarginate, disc transversely wrinkled. Elytra moderately long and 
 bread, slightly flaring apically. 
 
 Colo?-: Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum yellowish, elytra fulvous. 
 Vertex sparsely inscribed with light brown, pronotum with disc darker, 
 scutellum with two dark marginal spots and light spots between. Elytra 
 irrorate with dark brown, with whitish areas on base and at tip of claval 
 area, there appearing to be two dark transverse bands behind these, and 
 with a few dark spots on costal area. Face yellowish, irrorate with 
 brown. 
 
 Extetnal genitulia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, lateral angles large and obtuse, posterior margin deeply 
 emarginate and sinuate on either side of a large median lobe which is 
 notched and slightly exceeds the lateral angles; pygofers rather long 
 and narrow, exceeded by ovipositor, distal half spiny. Male, valve broad 
 and triangular, longer than last ventral segment, apex obtuse; plates to- 
 gether forming a triangle almost as wide as long, submarginally spined 
 margins tapering regularly to subacute apices which greatly exceed the 
 short pygofers, margins pilose, especially basally. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens of this species have been taken in 
 Pottawatomie, Riley and Clark counties. 
 
 Hosts: Van Duzee gives Sagittaria and Polygonum as host 
 plants. It is found on low ground. 
 
 Genus ACINOPTERUS Van D. 
 
 In the members of this genus the head is narrower than the 
 pronotum and the vertex is nearly twice as long on the middle 
 as next the eye. The pronotum is rather short, the lateral 
 margins nearly as long as the humeral, and with the disc trans- 
 versely wrinkled. The scutellum is finely but very distinctly 
 granular. The moderately long elytra are very characteris- 
 tically narrowed apically, the nervures strong. 
 
 The one species of the genus and one of its varieties have 
 been found in the state. 
 
 Acinopterus acuminatus Van D. 
 
 (PI. 14, figs. 3-4.) 
 
 Acinopterus acuminatus Van D., Psyche, vi, p. 308, 1892. 
 Acinopterus acuminatus G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 94, 1895. 
 
 Acinopterus acuminatus Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., viii, No. 5, p. 69, 1907 ; ix, 
 p. 225, 1909. 
 
 Acinopterus acuminatus Osb., Ohio Nat., ix, p. 466, 1909.
 
 208 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Acinopterus acuminatus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 89, 1916. 
 Acinopterus acuminatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 675, 1917. 
 Acinopterus acuminatus Lathr., 8. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 102, 1919. 
 
 Form: Rather robust, slightly tapering posteriorly. Length, 5 to 6.5 
 mm. Head distinctly narrower than pronotum, vertex nearly twice as 
 long on middle as next the eye, about twice as wide as long. Pronotum 
 over twice as wide as long, lateral margins long, posterior margin con- 
 cave, disc transversely wrinkled. Scutellum large, entire surface granu- 
 lar. Elytra moderately long, tapering to acute apices, venation distinct. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum greenish or olive-green, scu- 
 tellum with two light longitudinal lines. Elytra shining dark brown, the 
 nervures lighter, some of the cells, especially along the costa and on the 
 clavus, subhyaline or greenish. Face olive-green, unmarked. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 preceding, broadest basally, lateral margins broadly rounding to slightly 
 produced posterior margin, which has an indistinct median notch; py- 
 gofers rather narrow, slightly exceeded by ovipositor, bearing a few 
 scattered large spines. Male, valve covered by the large ventral segment; 
 plates long and narrow, parallel-margined, obtuse apices somewhat diver- 
 gent; spiny pygofers greatly exceeding plates. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles fastened to a large round lobe at the 
 base of the plates, margins of anterior half sinuately tapering, distal 
 half stout and strongly curved, the large club-shaped and coarsely granu- 
 lar apices strongly diverging; connective small, heart-shaped, with the 
 incision wide and the apex broadly rounding; cedagus very characteristic 
 of the genus, broad basally, narrowing to the middle, distal half with two 
 small ventral sword-like processes and a larger dorsal one, the latter 
 fimbriate apically on the ventral margin. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens have been taken in Cherokee, 
 Bourbon, and Miami counties. It is likely well distributed 
 over the southeastern part of the state. 
 
 Hosts: De Long reports this species as abundant on grasses. 
 Dr. Ball believes wild geranium to be the host plant. 
 
 Acinopterus acuminatus var. viridis Ball. 
 
 Acinopterus acuminatus var. riridis Ball, Can. Ent., xxxv, p. 231, 1903. 
 
 Form: That of typical acuminatiis. 
 
 Color: Entire insect greenish, vertex with a yellowish tinge, ocelli 
 reddish-brown. Nervures of elytra usually dark green, apical nervures 
 sometimes bordered with fuscous. 
 
 Distribution: Our only specimens of this variety have come 
 from Morton county. 
 Hosts: Probably the same as those of typical acuminatus.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHXE. 209 
 
 Genus THAMNOTETTIX Zett. 
 
 The members of this genus are slender bodied, with long 
 and narrow elytra, giving them a distinctly elongate appear- 
 ance. The vertex is always wider than long, sometimes about 
 parallel-margined, usually distinctly produced. The pronotum 
 is rounded anteriorly with rather short and sharp lateral 
 margins. 
 
 Nine of the eleven species keyed below have been taken in 
 the state. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Vertex short, nearly parallel-margined, apex with two large black 
 spots. 
 B. Elytra without large yellow spot on clavus. 
 
 C. Reddish-brown large species, usually 6 mm. or over. 
 
 kennicotti. 
 CC. Lighter and smaller species, less than 6 mm. in length. 
 
 brittoni. 
 
 BB. Elytra with large yellow spot on clavus. clitellarius. 
 
 AA. Vertex distinctly produced medially, without two large black apical 
 spots. 
 B. Margin of vertex without definite dark markings. 
 
 C. Brownish species. longulus. 
 
 CC. Greenish species. inornatus. 
 
 BB. Margin of vertex with definite dark markings. 
 C. Disc of vertex marked with fulvous lines. 
 
 perspicillatus. 
 
 CC. Disc of vertex unmarked (spots behind ocelli in ciliatus). 
 D. Margin of vertex with four black spots. 
 E. Size larger, over 4.5 mm. in length. 
 
 F. Vertex produced, about one-third wider 
 than long, no spots on disc. 
 
 melanogaster. 
 
 FF. Vertex shorter, nearly twice as broad 
 as long, two black spots behind ocelli. 
 
 ciliatus. 
 
 EE. Size smaller, less than 4.5 mm. in length. 
 F. Face not black. 
 
 G. Color dull yellow; female segment 
 with distinct median tooth, male 
 plates with long attenuate tips. 
 
 fitchii. 
 
 GG. Brighter yellow in color; female 
 segment without distinct median 
 tooth, male plates not at all at- 
 tenuate, pallidula. 
 FF. Face black, due to coalescing arcs. 
 nigrifrons. 
 
 14_Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 210 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Thamnotettix kennicotti (Uhl.). 
 
 Jatmt* krnni.-otn Uhl., Proc. Am. Ent. Soc., ii, p. 161, 1863. 
 Thamnott-ttij- kennicotti Uhl., Stand. Nat. Hist., p. 246, 1884. 
 Thamnotettix kennicotti Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 Thamnot.'ttix kennicotti Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 534, 1905. 
 Thamnotettix kennicoUi Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 134, 1915. 
 Thamnotettix kennicotti DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 79, 1916. 
 Tltiimnotfttix kennicotti Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 676, 1917. 
 
 Form: Large and elongate. Length, 5.75 to 7 mm. Vertex short, 
 over twice as broad as long, margins nearly parallel, sloping, and broadly 
 rounding to front. Pronotum twice as long as vertex, lateral margins 
 convex, widening posteriorly, humeral margins straight, distinctly angled 
 with slightly emarginate posterior margin. Scutellum large. Elytra 
 very long and narrow, greatly exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Rich reddish-brown; vertex yellowish, two large black apical 
 spots between red ocelli, a fulvous transverse band on basal portion. 
 Pronotum fulvous with a broad median band and sometimes a narrow 
 yellow band on posterior margin. Elytra fulvous with lighter nervures 
 and a distinct yellow stripe along costal suture. Yellow beneath. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over twice as long 
 as preceding, lateral margins rounding into rounded posterior margin, 
 sometimes with a broad median keel; pygofers rather narrow, slightly 
 exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely bristled. Male, last ventral segment as 
 long as preceding; valve small, triangular, apex obtuse; plates broad on 
 proximal half, then tapering to long attenuate tips; pygofers short, equal- 
 ling or slightly exceeding plates, sparsely bristled. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee and Pottawatomie coun- 
 ties. 
 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball gives this as a Cratsegus species. De 
 Long records sweeping specimens from oak. 
 
 Thamnotettix brittoni Osb. 
 
 Thamnotettix brittoni Osb., Proc. Dav. Ac-ad. Sci., x, p. 166, 1907. 
 Thamnotettix brittoni Mete., Jl. Elisha Mitchell Sci. Soc., xxxi, p. 26, 1915. 
 Thamnotettix brittoni DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 79, 1916. 
 Thamnotettix brittoni Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 677, 1917. 
 
 Form: Smaller and narrower than preceding species. Length, 5 to 6 
 mm. Vertex even less produced than in kennicotti; twice as broad as 
 long, sloping, broadly rounding with front. Pronotum, scutellum and 
 elytra as in kennicotti. 
 
 Color: Lighter, otherwise as in kennicotti. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment nearly as long as 
 broad, lateral margins broadly rounding with somewhat produced pos- 
 terior margin, keeled medially; pygofers rather narrow, slightly exceeded 
 by ovipositor, slightly bristled. Mfele, valve broad and short, obtuse 
 apically; plates broad basally, spiny margins concavely narrowing to 
 long attenuate tips which nearly equal the bristly pygofers.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID,. 211 
 
 Distribution: Labette and Cherokee counties are the only 
 ones in which this species has yet been taken. 
 
 Hosts: De Long reports taking this species from oak shrubs. 
 
 Thamnotettix clitellarius (Say). 
 
 (PI. 14, figs. 5-6.) 
 
 Jaxxua clitellariii* Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., \i, p. 309, 1831; Compl. Writ., ii. 
 p. 384. 
 
 Bythoscopus clitellarius Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 58, 1851. 
 Thamnotettix clitellarius Uhl., Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 246, 1884. 
 Bythoscopus clitellarius Saund., Ins. Inj. Fruits, p. 188, 1886. 
 Thamnotettix clitellarius Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 Thamnotettix clitellarius Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent, p. 534, 1905. 
 Thamnotettix clitellarius Osb., Me.. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bnl. 238, p. 134, 1915. 
 Thamnotettix clitellarius Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 678, 1917. 
 Thamnotettix clitellarius Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 79, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. Vertex short, over twice as broad as 
 long, sloping, rounding to front. Pronotum twice as broad as long, 
 strongly convex anteriorly, humeral" margins longer than the lateral, 
 posterior margin slightly emarginate. Scutellum large. Elytra charac- 
 teristic of the genus. 
 
 Color: Vertex bright yellow except for two large black spots apically 
 and the somewhat brown posterior margin. Pronotum brown on anterior 
 third and along posterior margin, with a broad yellow band between. 
 Scutellum brown. Elytra brown with costal area hyaline and a very 
 characteristic oval yellow spot covering the greater part of the clavus. 
 Yellow on face and beneath. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment long, lateral mar- 
 gins rounded with posterior margin which is deeply excavated on either 
 side of a median tooth, which exceeds the rest of the margin and has 
 its truncate apex slightly notched; pygofers long and narrow, basally 
 constricted, slightly exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely spiny. Male, last 
 ventral segment shorter than preceding; valve broad, triangular, margins 
 slightly concave, apex obtuse ; plates very long, exceeding bristly py- 
 gofers, margins slightly concave past middle, tips divergent preapically 
 and apices curved. Pygofers with a large spine on apical margin. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles large, with very large laterally rounded 
 anterior process, a strong process to connective, after which the mesal 
 margin is weakly chitinized for a short distance, then tapering sinuately 
 to the obtuse apex which has a short but distinct lateral tooth, the entire 
 apical portion quite roughened, so as to give the lateral margins the 
 appearance of being serrate; connective stout, cleft at both ends, the 
 arms at the anterior end rounded, those at the caudal end straight; 
 cedagus with a weak dorsal basal projection which widens dorsally, the 
 terminal portion long and deeply bicleft apically, forming two strap-like, 
 curling, and acute appendages. 
 
 Distribution: This species has been taken in Douglas, Potta- 
 watomie, and Riley counties. 
 
 Hosts: Found on many different plants.
 
 212 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Thamnotettix longulus G. & B. 
 
 (PI. 14, fig. 7.) 
 
 Thaniiioti-tiij- Inni/ula Q. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 97, 1895. 
 T/nnmiotettix lonffula O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 226, 1897. 
 Tl>,,,,,n,>t,'tti.f h.nuula DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 82, 1916. 
 I liniiinotettix longulus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 6880, 1917. 
 
 Farm: Quite elongate. Length, 5 to 6 mm. Vertex more produced 
 than in preceding species, being distinctly longer on middle than next the 
 eye, twice as wide as long, sloping, and rounding obtusely with front. 
 Pronotum long, scarcely twice as broad as long, strongly convex an- 
 teriorly, slightly emarginate posteriorly, lateral margins nearly as long 
 as the humeral. Elytra very long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Nearly unicolorously fulvous, marked with brown. Vertex ful- 
 vous, white ocelli connected by light band, with median longitudinal line 
 and two basal spots, darker. Pronotum irregularly mottled with darker 
 spots anteriorly. Scutellum with basal angles and two spots on disc 
 darker than the fulvous background. Elytra light fulvous, nervures 
 lighter, some of them tending to be darker margined. Face marked with 
 brown arcs. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as the 
 preceding, narrowed posteriorly, the posterior margin angularly emargi- 
 nate one-third the length of the segment, slightly elevated; pygofers long 
 and narrow, slightly exceeded by ovipositor, bearing many long bristles 
 on posterior half. Male, last ventral segment two-thirds the length of 
 the preceding, valve broad, triangular, obtuse at apex; plates broad 
 basally and long, spiny margins tapering somewhat concavely to the 
 acute tips which nearly equal the long-bristled pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles very broad anteriorly due to large an- 
 terior processes and large processes to the connective, with a very defi- 
 nite lateral incision apically, leaving a large outwardly curving apical 
 tooth which has its outer margin quite rough with small teeth ; connective 
 large, deeply bifid anteriorly, slightly so apically; oedagus broad basally, 
 with a small basal and dorsal process, then gradually tapering till it 
 divides into two long, apical, acutely-pointed processes. 
 
 Distribution: This species has been taken only in Cherokee 
 and Douglas counties. 
 
 Hosts: DeLong reports this species as abundant on grasses. 
 
 Thamnotettix inomatus Van D. 
 
 Thamnotettix inornatus Van D., Trans. Am. Ent. Soc., xix, p. 303, 1892. 
 Thamnotettix inornatus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 536, 1905. 
 Thamnotettix inornatus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 137, 1915. 
 Thamnottttix inortiatux DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 81, 1916. 
 Thamnotettix inornatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 684, 1917. 
 
 Form: Long and narrow. Length, 4.75 to 5.5 mm. Vertex distinctly 
 produced, half longer on middle than next the eye, flattened, subacute 
 apically. Pronotum long, not twice as broad as long, humeral margins a 
 little longer than lateral, posterior margin slightly emarginate. Elytra 
 very long and narrow.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHXE. 213 
 
 Color: Nearly uniformly yellowish-green. Ocelli brown or black, a 
 brown curved line from each to the apex. Elytra subhyaline, tips smoky, 
 nervures bright yellow to brown. Face yellow, with brown arcs and with 
 sutures of front black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than 
 preceding, broadly but not deeply emarginate medially, having distinct 
 lateral angles; pygofers long and narrow, exceeded by ovipositor, bristly 
 on posterior half. Male, valve broad, triangular, very obtuse apically; 
 plates large and broad, margins armed with very long, white spines, con- 
 vexly tapering to subacute apices; pygofers very characteristic, viewed 
 laterally they are long and triangular, tapering to long and slender apex 
 which terminates in a chitinous point, just exceeding plates, and bearing 
 a tuft of white bristles just before the middle. 
 
 Distribution: This species has not yet been collected in Kan- 
 sas, but undoubtedly occurs in the eastern part of the state. 
 
 Hosts: DeLong collected this species from Elymus virgini- 
 cus and from other tall grasses. 
 
 Thamnotettix perspicillatus O. & B. 
 
 Thamnotettix perspicttlatus O. & B., Proc. I*. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 227, 1897. 
 Thamnotettix perspictilatus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 81, 1916. 
 Thamnotettix perspteillatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 680, 1917. 
 
 Form: Smaller than the preceding species. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. 
 Vertex about half wider than long, broadly rounding apically, disc sloping, 
 rounding obtusely with front. Pronotum twice as broad as long, anterior 
 margin strongly convex, lateral margins very short, humeral margins 
 distinct, posterior margin slightly emarginate. Elytra typical of the 
 genus though not as long as in the two preceding species. 
 
 Color: Grayish or brownish; vertex whitish, tinged with orange, with 
 a wavy black line on each side from apex to ocelli, two brown median 
 lines bending at right angles just before the middle, and two brown 
 circles on the disc. Pronotum gray, with six white spots along the an- 
 terior margin, two small black spots back of each eye, and five faint 
 longitudinal lines. Elytra subhyaline, marked with brown and black 
 spots, nervures darkened apically. Front gray, with light median line 
 and arcs. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment one-half longer 
 laterally than preceding, posterior margin strongly and angularly pro- 
 duced; pygofers long and narrow, exceeded by ovipositor, bristly medially 
 and apically. Male, last ventral segment as long as preceding; valve 
 broad and short; plates broad basally, the spiny margins concavely nar- 
 rowed to long attenuate tips which are slightly exceeded by the bristly 
 pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: This species has not yet been reported from 
 the state, but probably occurs here. 
 Hosts: Various grasses.
 
 214 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Thamnotettix melanogaster (Prov.). 
 
 Jansu melanooanter Prov 
 Thamnotetti.r melatiogante 
 Thamnotettijc melano(fate 
 Thamnotettix melanogaste 
 Thamnotetti-x melanoyaitte 
 Thamnotettix melanoyaxte 
 Thamnotettix melanoyaste 
 
 Nat. Can., iv, p. 378, 1872. 
 
 Prov., Pet. Paune Ent. Can., iii, p. 284, 1890. 
 Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 537, 1905. 
 Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 136, 1915. 
 DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 80, 1916. 
 Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 682, 1917. 
 
 Form: Long and narrow. Length, 4.75 to 5.25 mm. Vertex distinctly 
 produced, nearly half longer on middle than next the eye, one-third wider 
 than long, disc flat or slightly concave. Pronotum nearly twice as wide 
 as long, lateral margins distinct. Elytra very long. 
 
 Color: Brownish or yellowish-green, sometimes washed with orange. 
 Vertex with four large black spots on margin, the two middle ones larger 
 than the outer, disc unmarked. Scutellum with dark transverse im- 
 pressed line. Face yellow. Abdomen black beneath. 
 
 External genitalia : Female, last ventral segment as long as preceding, 
 narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin slightly emarginate; pygofers 
 long, widest at the middle, exceeded by ovipositor, quite bristly on distal 
 half. Male, valve large, broad and triangular, obtusely angled apically; 
 plates very characteristic, broad basally, outer margin sinuately convex 
 to acute, dark, chitinous apex, inner margin concave, so that apices are 
 turned toward each other, a row of bristles running diagonally across 
 before the middle, while on the outer margin and apically are long silky 
 hairs; pygofers taper to long acute tips that exceed the plates. 
 
 Distribution: Reported from Riley county. 
 Hosts: Professor Osborn records this species as being com- 
 mon on coarse grasses and sedges on low ground. 
 
 Thamnotettix ciliatus Osb. 
 
 Thamnotettix ciliatus Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., v, p. 244, 1898. 
 Thamnotettix ciliatus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 138, 1915. 
 Thamnotettix ciliatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 683, 1917. 
 
 Form: Elongate like preceding species. Length, 4.5 to 5.5 mm. Ver- 
 tex nearly twice as wide as long, about one-third longer on middle than 
 next the eye, broadly rounded apically and obtusely rounding with front. 
 Pronotum less than twice as wide as long, lateral margins short, humeral 
 margins long. Elytra characteristic of the genus. 
 
 Color: Green or yellowish-green. Vertex yellow with four large black 
 spots on margin, a spot, varying greatly in size, back of the ocelli and 
 often two small parallel lines on the disc about half way between the 
 base and the apex. Pronotum with disc greenish, margins frequently 
 more yellow. Scutellum yellow. Elytra greenish, hyaline, apex some- 
 times smoky, nervures yellow or whitish. Face yellowish-green with 
 antennal pits and sutures of front black, sometimes with black arcs. 
 Nearly entirely black beneath. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment slightly longer than 
 preceding, narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin slightly concave; pygo-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 215 
 
 fers long and narrow, slightly exceeded by ovipositor, spined on distal 
 half. Male, valve large and broad, rounded posteriorly; plates broad 
 and short, outer margin sinuately and convexly rounding to meet the 
 divergent inner margins, the truncate apex with an acute inner angle, a 
 few spines on the disc, margins and apices with long white silky hairs; 
 pygofers long, exceeding plates, obtuse apically. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee county. 
 Hosts: Grasses or sedges in low places. 
 
 Thamnotettix fitchii Van D. 
 
 Thamnotettix fitchvi Van D., Ent. Am., vi, p. 133, 1890. 
 
 Thamnotettix fitchii Smith, N. J. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. K, p. 42, fig. 62, 1890. 
 
 Thamnotettix fitchii Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 535, 1905. 
 
 Thamnotettix fitchii Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 137, 1915. 
 
 Thamnotettix fitchii DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 79, 1916. 
 
 Thamnotettix fitchii Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 683, 1917. 
 
 (Cicadula 4-pnnctata Fh. MS) in collections. 
 
 Form: Small but fairly robust for this genus. Length, 3.75 to 4.25 
 mm. Vertex distinctly wider than long, produced, obtusely angled. Pro- 
 notum with very short lateral margins, humeral margins long. Elytra 
 long. 
 
 Color: Pale or dirty-yellow. Vertex with four black spots near mar- 
 gin, median longitudinal line and faint spots on either side, brown. 
 Pronotum with five pale longitudinal lines. Scutellum yellow. Elytra 
 smoky yellow with paler nervures. Face brownish, with pale median 
 line and arcs, antennal pit and small spot below each ocellus, black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment as long on lateral 
 margins as preceding but with posterior margin broadly emarginate; 
 valve broad and short, not at all angulate; plates broad basally, spiny 
 margins concavely narrowed to long attenuate tips which exceed the short 
 bristly pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens of this species have been taken in 
 Douglas, Riley, and McPherson counties. 
 
 Hosts: This species occurs on grasses in low and moist 
 places. 
 
 Thamnotettix pallidulus Osb. 
 
 Thamnotettix jjallUlulun Osb., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., v, p. 245, 1898. 
 Thamnottttix pallidulus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 684, 1917. 
 
 Form: Very much like fitchii. Length, 3.75 to 4.25 mm. Vertex 
 nearly one-third wider than long, one-third longer on middle than next 
 the eye, roundingly angulate apically. Pronotum strongly convex anter- 
 iorly, lateral margins very short, humeral margins long, posterior margin 
 practically straight. Elytra characteristic of the genus. 
 
 Color: More yellow than fitchii. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum 
 bright yellow. Vertex with four black marginal spots, ocelli black. 
 Elytra a dirty-yellow, nervures yellowish or whitish, more distinct basally. 
 Face with brownish arcs and sometimes a black spot below ocelli.
 
 216 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 External gcnitalia: Female, last ventral segment about length of the 
 preceding, composed of two membranes, the outer strongly narrowed pos- 
 teriorly, exposing the sides and lateral angles of the inner, posterior 
 margin of the outer nearly truncate, sometimes slightly emarginate; 
 pygofers short and stout, nearly equalling ovipositor, distal half quite 
 bristly. Male, valve broad and short, broadly rounded posteriorly; plates 
 broad basally, spiny margins slightly convex, tips acute, exceeded by the 
 strongly bristled pygofers which, viewed laterally, are triangular, drawn 
 out into long, attenuate, and acute apices. 
 
 Distribution: Taken in Cherokee and Douglas counties. 
 Hosts: Probably a grass feeder. 
 
 Thamnotettix nigrifrons (Forbes). 
 
 Cicadula nigrifrons Forbes, 14th Kept. 111. St. Ent., p. 67, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1864. 
 
 Thamnotettix perpunctata Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., v, pp. 200, 212, 1894. 
 
 Deltocephalus nigrifrons O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 218, 1897 (part). 
 
 Thamnotettix perpunctata Bak., Psyche, viii, p. 116, 1897. 
 
 Deltocephalus nigrifrons Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 77, fig. 14, 
 1912 (part). 
 - Thamnotettix niyrifrons Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 684, 1917. 
 
 Tkamnotettix nigrifrong Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 81, 1919. 
 
 Form: Smaller than preceding species. Length, 3.25 to 4 mm. Ver- 
 tex wider than long, one-third longer at middle than next the eye, round- 
 ingly obtuse apically. Pronotum nearly one-half longer than the vertex, 
 not twice as wide as long, anterior margin strongly convex, lateral mar- 
 gins very short, humeral margins long, posterior margin very slightly 
 emarginate. Scutellum broad. Elytra long and narrow, strongly over- 
 lapping apically, only one cross nervure between the sectors. 
 
 Color: Yellowish-green; vertex yellowish, with four large black mar- 
 ginal spots, ocelli black, median longitudinal line brown. Pronotum with 
 whitish or yellowish spots along anterior margins sometimes with black 
 showing through the disc. Scutellum yellowish or whitish, with basal 
 angles and apex rather more strongly yellow, and with black transverse 
 impressed line. Elytra subhyaline, rather smoky apically, nervures whit- 
 ish or yellowish. Face yellow, strongly marked with black coalescing arcs. 
 Beneath black marked with yellow. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment as long as preceding, 
 composed of two membranes, the outer strongly narrowed posteriorly, ex- 
 posing lateral angles of the shorter inner membrane, posterior margin of 
 outer membrane truncate or elevated and seemingly broadly emarginate ; 
 pygofers long, slightly exceeded by ovipositor, bristly, especially on distal 
 half. Male, last ventral segment as long as preceding; valve broad and 
 short, posteriorly broadly rounded; plates broad and triangular, spiny 
 margins rather slightly concave to acute apices which are slightly ex- 
 ceeded by the bristly and acute pygofers.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 217 
 
 Distribution: Very common in the eastern part of the state 
 as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Doctor Forbes when describing this species reported 
 it as injurious to oats, wheat, and corn. Professor Osborn says 
 it shows a distinct preference for annual grasses such as fox- 
 tail and the panic grasses from which it migrates into the cul- 
 tivated crops on the withering of the former. He also says it 
 is very common on bluegrass and timothy. 
 
 Genus CHLOROTETTIX Van D. 
 
 The members of this genus are mostly rather large species 
 of a uniform green color, often fading to a yellowish-green in 
 preserved specimens. A few species, however, are small and 
 some are marked with spots or bands on the head, pronotum, 
 or scutellum. The vertex is broad, either rounded or distinctly 
 bluntly angled apically. The sides of the pronotum are moder- 
 ately long. The elytra are long and thin, subhyaline, with a 
 distinct appendix, the nervures indistinct. 
 
 All the members of the genus are grass feeders and so no 
 mention will be made of the specific hosts of each species. 
 
 The seven species keyed below have all been recorded from 
 Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES.* 
 
 A. Vertex with anterior margin rounded, not distinctly angulate. 
 B. General color brownish, elytra appearing striped. 
 
 necopinus. 
 
 * Adapted from key by DeLong, Ohio St. Univ. Bui., xxiii, No. 15, p. 4, 1919.
 
 218 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 BB. General color greenish. 
 
 C. Female ventral segment with broad spatulate process; 
 
 male plates long, gradually tapering. spatulatus. 
 CC. Female ventral segment notched but without spatulate 
 process. 
 
 D. Size large, 7.5 mm. long; female segment uni- 
 formly, concavely and deeply notched, male plates 
 narrowed at half their length then produced. 
 
 unicolor. 
 
 DD. Size smaller, not over 7 mm. long; female segment 
 with sides of notch each bearing a lateral tooth, 
 male plates very short, broadly rounded. 
 
 viridiu8. 
 
 AA. Vertex with anterior margin distinctly but bluntly angulate. 
 B. Size smaller, not exceeding 6.5 mm. in length. 
 
 C. Vertex distinctly angled, almost twice as long at middle 
 as next the eyes; female segment broadly and triangu- 
 larly notched half way to base. vividus. 
 
 CC. Vertex more bluntly angled, not over one-half longer at 
 middle than next the eyes; female segment narrowly 
 incised nearly to base. galbanatus. 
 
 BB. Size larger, 7 mm. or longer; female segment broadly but 
 shallowly emarginate, a minute notch and brown spot at 
 center. tunicate*. 
 
 Chlorotettix necopinus Van D. 
 
 Chlorotettix necopi us Van D., Can. Ent., xxv, p. 282, 1893. 
 Chlorotettix necopi us Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., ix, p. 228, 1909. 
 ecopinus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent,, Bui. 17, p. 84, 1916. 
 
 tw Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 688, 1917. 
 
 us Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 185, 1918. 
 
 Chlorotettix 
 Chlorotettix 
 Chlorotettix 
 Chlorotettix 
 Chlorotettix 
 
 ecopinus DeL., Ohio St. Univ. Bui., xxiii, p. 8, 1919. 
 ecopinus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 83, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 7 mm. Vertex slightly longer on middle than next 
 the eye, over twice as wide as long. Pronotum twice as wide as long, 
 anterior margin strongly convex, posterior margin distinctly concave, 
 short lateral margins rounding into the humeral margins, disc trans- 
 versely wrinkled. Elytra long, greatly exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: General color brownish. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum with 
 a greenish tinge. Vertex with a broad transverse black band on the disc. 
 Pronotum marked with brown, the median line and anterior margin paler. 
 Scutellum with triangular spots in basal angles, a median line with a 
 small spot on either side, brown. Elytra brown with the nervures lighter, 
 giving them a striped appearance. Face with ten pale arcs and two 
 brown spots at base of clypeus. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment over twice as long 
 as the preceding, strongly narrowed posteriorly, lateral angles acute, be- 
 tween them the posterior margin being broadly and deeply cleft, the cleft 
 with a small blunt tooth; pygofers rather broad, nearly equalling ovi- 
 positor, spined on distal half. Male, valve about twice as long as preced- 
 ing segment, broad, margins concave on either side of the rounded apex;
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHLE. 219 
 
 plates broad basally, suddenly constricted beyond middle and then pro- 
 duced to the slightly divergent tips, exceeded by the blunt and spiny 
 pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens of this species have been taken 
 only from Cherokee county. 
 
 Chlorotettix spatulatus 0. & B. 
 
 (PI. 14, fig. a.) 
 
 Chlorotettix spatulatus O. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 225, pi. 26, fig. 4, 1897. 
 Chlorotettix spatulatus DeL., IVnn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 86, 1916. 
 Chlorotettix spatulatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 686, 1917. 
 Chlorotettix spatulatus DeL., Ohio St. Univ. Bui., xxiii, p. 12, 1919. 
 Chlorotettix spatulatus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 86, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 6 to 7 mm. Vertex slightly longer on the middle than 
 next the eye, over twice as wide as long, broadly rounding with front. 
 Pronotum twice as wide as long, posterior margin distinctly emarginate, 
 short lateral margins rounding with humeral margins, disc transversely 
 wrinkled. Elytra rather broad, greatly exceeding abdomen, venation 
 weak. 
 
 Color: Uniformly greenish or yellowish-green. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment one-half longer than 
 the preceding, posterior margin broadly notched nearly three-fourths of 
 the distance to the base, the notch with a median spatulate process over 
 one-half the length of the notch; pygofers long and narrow, exceeding 
 the ovipositor, sparsely spined. Male, valve broad, longer than last ven- 
 tral segment, obtusely rounded apically; plates about three times as long 
 as the valve, broad basally, convex, spiny margins tapering to the sub- 
 acute apices, which are exceeded by the bristly pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles with large anterior curving process 
 and very broad at point of attachment to connective, then tapering rather 
 gradually till terminal fourth, when they are suddenly narrowed to long 
 and slender apical portion; connective Y-shaped, the stem also some- 
 what divided apically; oedagus long and curving, dividing into two 
 branches apically, which in turn divide again, there being thus four 
 slender curving and acutely-tipped terminal processes, the inner pair of 
 which are longer than the outer.
 
 220 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: This is our commonest member of the genus. 
 It is found all over the state, as shown by the following map : 
 
 Chlorotettix unicolor (Fh.). 
 
 Bythoscopux unicolor Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 58, 1851. 
 Jasrus unicolor Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., iv, p. 511, 1878. 
 Orypotes unicolor Uhl., Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 246, 1884. 
 Thamnoteltix unicolor Harr., Ottawa Nat., vi, p. 32, 1892. 
 A.thysanu8 unicolor Southw., Science, xix, p. 288, 1892. 
 Chlorotettix unicolor Van D., Psyche, vi, pp. 306, 308, 1892. 
 Chlorotettix vahdmei Bak., Can. Ent., xxx, p. 219, 1898. 
 Chlorotettix unicolor Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 538, 1905. 
 Chlorotettix unicolor Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 144, 1915; Bui. 248, p. 
 76, 1916. 
 
 Chlorotettix unicolor Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 685, 1917. 
 Chlorotettix unicolor Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 185, 1918. 
 Chlorotettix unicolor DeL., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 227, 1918. 
 Chlorotettix unicolor DeL., Ohio St. Univ. Bui., xxiii, p. 13, 1919. 
 
 Form: One of our largest species. Length, 6.75 to 8 mm. Vertex 
 slightly longer at middle than next the eye, two and one-half times as 
 broad as long, broadly rounding with front. Pronotum short, over twice 
 as broad as long, anterior margin broadly but not strongly convex, short 
 lateral margins rounding with the humeral margins, posterior margin 
 distinctly emarginate. Elytra long, greatly exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Almost uniformly pale green or yellowish-green. Elytra hya- 
 line, the nervures often dark green in color. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment nearly twice as 
 long as the preceding, with a fairly broad median notch the apex of 
 which is surrounded by a brown spot, the posterior margin sinuate on 
 either side of the notch; pygofers rather long, spiny, slightly exceeding 
 the ovipositor. Male, valve broad, posterior margin somewhat sinuate 
 on either side of the obtuse, nearly truncate apex; plates broad basally, 
 submarginally spined margins concave on apical half, tips produced, sub- 
 acute, slightly diverging, greatly exceeded by the pygofers.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLHXE. 221 
 
 Distribution: Van Duzee reports this species from Kansas. 
 The specimens in the Snow collection are from Colorado, 
 Nebraska, and Maine. 
 
 Chlorotettix viridius Van D. 
 
 Chlorotettix viridius Van D., Psyche, vi, p. 309, 1892. 
 Athysanus viridius Southw., Science, xix, p. 288, 1892. 
 Chlorotettix viridius Weed, Can. Ent., xxiv, p. 278, 1892. 
 
 Chlorotettix viridiu 
 
 Chlorotettix viridiu 
 
 Chlorotettix viridiu 
 
 Chlorotettix viridiu 
 
 Chlorotettix viridiu 
 
 Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 538, 1905. 
 DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 86, 1916. 
 Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 687, 1917. 
 DeL., Ohio St. Univ. Bui., xxiii, p. 15, 1919. 
 Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 84, 1919. 
 
 Form: Like unicolor but smaller. Length, 6 to 7 mm. Vertex 
 slightly longer at middle than next the eye, over twice as wide as long, 
 broadly rounding with front. Pronotum scarcely twice as wide as long, 
 anterior margin broadly convex, posterior margin slightly concave. 
 Elytra greatly exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Bright or apple-green. Vertex and anterior portion of pro- 
 notum yellowish. Elytra hyaline, nervures greenish. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment with acute lateral 
 angles between which is a broad incision reaching nearly to the base, the 
 margins of the incision each with an obtuse blackish tooth near the 
 middle; the long sparsely spined pygofers slightly exceeding the ovi- 
 positor. Male, valve broad, slightly shorter than last ventral segment, 
 broadly rounded posteriorly; plates short, produced beyond the valve 
 about the length of the latter, together nearly semicircular, margins 
 spiny, apices somewhat divergent; thin pygofers greatly exceeding the 
 plates. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens of this species have thus far been 
 found in Labette, Bourbon, and Cherokee counties. Thus it 
 seems to be confined to the southeastern part of the state. 
 
 Chlorotettix vividus Crmb. 
 
 Chlorotettix vividus Crmb., Ann. Ent. Soc. Am., viii, p. 197, 1915. 
 Chlorotetti'x vividus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bnl. 17, p. 88, 1916. 
 Chlorotettix vividus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 687, 1917. 
 Chlorotettix vividus DeL., Ohio St. Univ. Bui., xxiii, p. 19, 1919. 
 Chlorotettix vividus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 84, 1919. 
 
 Form: The smallest species of the genus in Kansas. Length, 5.5 to 
 6 mm. Vertex nearly twice as long at middle as next the eye, one and 
 one-half times as wide as long, convex. Pronotum scarcely twice as wide 
 as long, anterior margin strongly convex, lateral margins short, posterior 
 margin slightly emarginate. Elytra strongly exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Brownish-green; elytra more distinctly green than vertex, pro- 
 notum, and scutellum. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice the length of 
 the preceding, lateral angles obtuse, posterior margin broadly and tri-
 
 222 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 angularly notched nearly half way to the base; pygofers narrow, very 
 slightly exceeded by the ovipositor, spiny on distal half. Male, valve 
 broad, longer than last ventral segment, margins sinuate on either side 
 of the slightly notched apex; plates long, spiny margins narrowing to the 
 attenuately produced apices which are equalled by the bristly pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: The only Kansas records for this species are 
 from Douglas and Cherokee counties. 
 
 Chlorotettix galbanatus Van D. 
 
 Chlorotettix galbanatus Van D., Psyche, vi, p. 310, 1892. 
 Athysanwt galbanatus Southw., Science, xix, p. 288, 1892. 
 Chlorotettix unicolor Bak., Can. Ent., xxx, p. 219, 1898. 
 Chlorotettix galbanatus Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 538, 1905. 
 Chlorotettix galbanatus Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 143, 1915. 
 Chlorotettix galbanatus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 88, 1916. 
 Chlorotettix galbanatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 687, 1917. 
 Chlorotettix galbanatus Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 185, 1918. 
 Chlorotettvx galbanatus DeL., Ohio St. Univ. Bui., xxiii, p. 22, 1919. 
 Chlorotettix galbanatus Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 83, 1919. 
 
 Form: A little larger than vividits. Length, 6 to 6.5 mm. Vertex 
 quite obtusely angled, one-half longer on middle than next the eye, over 
 twice as wide as long. Pronotum long, less than twice as wide as long, 
 anterior margin strongly convex, lateral margins short, posterior margin 
 slightly emarginate. Elytra greatly exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Uniformly pale yellowish -green. Elytra hyaline, slightly iri- 
 descent. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, divided into 
 two large lateral lobes by a rather broad incision reaching nearly to the 
 base; pygofers slightly exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely bristly, especially 
 apically. Male, valve large, broad, longer than last ventral segment, very 
 obtusely angled apically; plates large, broad, hairy margins rounding 
 to the obtuse apices which are slightly exceeded by the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: So far this species has been taken only in 
 Douglas and Wyandotte counties. 
 
 Chlorotettix tunicatus Ball. 
 
 Chlorotettix tunicatus Ball, Can. Ent., xxxii, p. 340, 1900. 
 Chlorotettix tunicatus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 87, 1916. 
 Chlorotettix tunicatus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 688, 1917. 
 Chlorotettix tunicatus DeL., Ohio St. Univ. Bui., xxiii, p. 25, 1919. 
 Chlorotettix tunicatus Lathr., S. C. Ajcr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 83, 1919. 
 
 Form: Larger than galbanatus. Length, 7 mm. Vertex one-half 
 longer at middle than next the eye, twice as wide as long, broadly round- 
 ing with front. Pronotum long, less than twice as wide as long, anterior 
 margin broadly convex, posterior margin slightly concave. Elytra greatly 
 exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Uniformly pale yellowish-green. Elytra subhyaline. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment one-half longer than 
 the preceding, lateral angles broadly rounding, posterior margin round-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 
 
 223 
 
 ingly emarginate nearly one-half the distance to the base, brownish 
 medially; pygofers slightly exceeded by the ovipositor, distal half spiny. 
 Male, valve broad, slightly longer than the last ventral segment, margins 
 concave on either side of the obtusely angled apex; plates broad basally, 
 convex, spiny margins rounding to the obtuse apices. 
 
 Distribution: Fairly common in eastern Kansas as shown 
 by the following map : 
 
 Genus JASSUS Fabr. 
 
 In the members of this genus the head is distinctly narrower 
 than the pronotum, and seems to be set back on the latter. 
 The vertex is quadrate, not at all produced in front. The front 
 has distinct transverse striae. The pronotum is very short, 
 about the length of the vertex, the lateral portions well covered 
 by the head, with short lateral margins, long humeral mar- 
 gins, and the posterior margin slightly concave. The scutellum 
 is very large, wider than long. The elytra are rather short 
 and broad, broadly rounded apically, the nervures strong. 
 
 A single species of the genus occurs in Kansas. 
 
 Jassus olitorius Say. 
 
 (PI. 15, flgs. 1-2.) 
 
 Jassus olitorius Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 310, 1831; Compl. Writ., ii, p. 385. 
 Jassus subbifasciatu* Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 310, 1831. 
 Caelidia olitorhts Fh., Horaop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 58, 1851. 
 Jansu-8 fuxcipennis Spangb., Of. Vet. Akad. Forh., xxxv, No. 8, p. 26, 1878. 
 Caelidia semifasciata Uhl., Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 245, fig. 311, 1884. 
 Jaxxug olitorivx Van D., Psyche, v, p. 389, 1890. 
 
 Idioccnts xtibbifanciatus Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can,, iii, p. 292, 1890. 
 Pediopsis ttubb fandatvs Harr., Ottawa Nat., vi, p. 31, 1892. 
 
 JIIXXIIH olitnnu 
 JassiiK olitnriit 
 
 iilitor 
 olitoriu 
 
 Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 539, 1905. 
 Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 145, 1915. 
 DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 91, 1916. 
 Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 689, 1917. 
 Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 104, 1919.
 
 224 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Form: Length, 6 to 8 mm. Head much narrower than the pronotum. 
 Vertex about as wide as long, rounded anteriorly. Pronotum about as 
 long as the vertex, three times as wide as long, widest at lateral angles, 
 lateral margins short, humeral margins long, posterior margin slightly 
 emarginate. Scutellum very large. Elytra rather short and broad, 
 rounded apically, venation distinct. 
 
 Color: Varying from light to dark brown. Vertex dirty-yellow, 
 ocelli, a median longitudinal line, and often a pair of spots on disc, brown- 
 ish. Pronotum brown, darker posteriorly in the male. Scutellum brown, 
 sometimes with basal angles and two spots on disc black. Elytra brown, 
 nervures usually darker, females with two light transverse bands. Face 
 the color of the vertex, the front usually darker. Males lack the light 
 bands on the elytra and are uniformly darker. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment laterally twice as 
 long as the preceding, keeled, and with posterior margin strongly pro- 
 duced medially ; pygof ers short, broad basally but strongly narrowed api- 
 cally, much exceeded by the long stout ovipositor. Male, valve hidden by 
 the short last ventral segment; plates very long and narrow, becoming 
 vertical and spiny on their apical half, their apices exceeding the ven- 
 trally shortened but dorsally produced pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles long and slender, curving, enlarged 
 distally, apices obtuse, proximal end with two chitinous processes, the 
 ventral one the larger, the whole end spreading out into a thin chitinous 
 fan-shaped base; connective of two pieces, the first is V-shaped and con- 
 nects the styles, the second is columnar, deeply cleft at the upper end for 
 the reception of the apex of the V-shaped portion and connecting with the 
 redagus at the lower end, and the whole connective projecting ventrad, 
 instead of dorsad, as is usually the case ; cedagus widened a short distance 
 from its base for the attachment of a long dorsal process which runs up 
 for the attachment of the membrane from the anal tube, then continuing 
 as a long narrow curving process which is suddenly bent and narrowed 
 preapically, and finally ending in a delicate spine-like tip. 
 
 Distribution: This species occurs in eastern Kansas as 
 shown by the following map :
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 225 
 
 Hosts: This seems to be a very general feeder. The adults 
 are especially common in Douglas county on Ambrosia trifida. 
 The nymphs have frequently been taken on oak. 
 
 Genus NEOCCELIDIA G. & B. 
 
 The members of this genus are generally short and robust 
 though some are distinctly elongate. The head is narrower 
 than the pronotum and is obtusely conical. The pronotum is 
 very short and broad, the -anterior and posterior margins being 
 nearly parallel. The elytra are short and broad, with usually 
 four apical cells, though sometimes there are but three. The 
 valve of the male is very characteristic being very large and 
 produced posteriorly so as to completely cover the rest of the 
 genitalia. 
 
 One of the two species keyed below has been taken in the 
 state. The other one probably occurs here too. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Color yellowish-green, apex of vertex without black spot. 
 
 tumidifrons. 
 AA. Color whitish, apex of vertex with black spot. Candida 
 
 Neoccelidia tumidifrons G. & B. 
 
 tumidifrons G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 104, 1895. 
 
 Xeocalid'i 
 
 lidi tumidifrant Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 145, 1915. 
 
 Neocaclidi 
 Xeoca-lidi 
 Xeocoelidi 
 
 tumidifrons 0. & B., Proc. la. Acad. Sci., iv, p. 183," 1897. 
 
 tumidifrons DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 91, 1916. 
 tumidifrons Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 690, 1917. 
 tumidifrons Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 103, 1919. 
 
 Form: Short and very robust. Length, 4 to 5 mm. Head narrower 
 than the pronotum. Vertex one-half longer at the middle than next the 
 eye, a little broader than long, tumid and obtusely conical. Pronotum 
 shorter than the vertex, over three times as wide as long, lateral margins 
 convex, humeral margins long, anterior and posterior margins about 
 parallel, transversely rugose. Elytra short and broad, barely reaching 
 to tip of abdomen. 
 
 Color: Uniformly yellowish or yellowish-green, the vertex and face 
 sometimes washed with orange. Elytra subhyaline, the nervures in- 
 distinct. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment large, posterior mar- 
 gin slightly sinuate on either side of a small median notch, lateral angles 
 slightly produced and rounded; pygofers large, slightly exceeded by 
 ovipositor and sparsely spined. Male with the large triangular valve 
 characteristic of the genus. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens of this species have been taken in 
 Cherokee and Douglas counties. 
 
 15 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 226 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Neoccelidia Candida Ball. 
 
 Neoceelidia Candida Ball, Ent. News, xx, p. 166, 1909. 
 
 Neoceelidia Candida Van D., Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 55, 1914. 
 
 Neoccelidia Candida Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 690, 1917. 
 
 Form: Stout and robust. Length, 4.25 to 4.5 mm. Vertex a little 
 wider than long, bluntly oval apically, disc convex, rounding to the tumid 
 front. Pronotum shorter than the vertex, over three times as wide as 
 long, anterior and posterior margins about parallel, humeral margins 
 long and rounding with the shorter lateral margins. Elytra short but 
 exceeding abdomen, venation distinct. 
 
 Color: Whitish, sometimes tinged with pale green. Vertex with black 
 apical spot, ocelli and sometimes a pair of spots on disc, brown. Pro- 
 notum and scutellum unmarked except for brownish impressed line of 
 the latter. Elytra milky-white, nervures pale brown, apical cells some- 
 times brownish. Face pale, unmarked. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment three times as long 
 as the preceding, curved around the pygofers, posterior margin slightly 
 medially produced; pygofers broad, nearly equalling the ovipositor, 
 sparsely spined. Male, valve as broad basally as last ventral segment, 
 longer than broad, apex acute, nearly equalling pygofers, with two round 
 black spots on disc. 
 
 Distribution: Not yet reported from Kansas but should 
 occur in the western portion of the state. 
 
 Hosts: Doctor Ball informs me that Atriplex canescens is 
 the host plant of this species. 
 
 Genus CICADULA Zett. 
 
 In general the members of this genus are rather small and 
 elongate. The vertex is longer on the middle than next the 
 eye, but not strongly produced. The pronotum is short, the 
 anterior margin more or less convex, the posterior margin 
 slightly concave. The elytra are long, exceeding the abdomen, 
 overlapping apically, with a distinct appendix, and with the 
 inner sector not forked, there being only two anteapical cells. 
 The wings have three apical cells, thus differing from the 
 wings of the two following genera where there are but two 
 apical cells. 
 
 Four species and a variety of this genus have been taken in 
 Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Species large and robust, 4.5 mm. or more in length. 
 
 punctifrons. 
 AA. Species smaller, elongate, 4 mm. or less in length. 
 
 B. Vertex with four black spots. variata.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^:. 227 
 
 AA. Species smaller concluded. 
 
 BB. Vertex with six black spots. 
 
 C. Four of the black spots in a row on the margin of ver- 
 tex; basal angles of scutellum black. lepida. 
 CC. Black spots of vertex in two rows of three each, the two 
 anterior pairs usually forming lines; basal angles of 
 scutellum unmarked. sexnotata. 
 
 Cicadula punctifrons (Fall.). 
 
 Cicada punctifrons Fall., Hemip. Suec., Cicad., p. 42, 1826. 
 
 Thamnotettix punctifrons Boh., Kong. .Vet. Akad. Handl. for 1847, p. 33. 
 
 Justus punctifrons Flor., Rhyn. Livl., p. 328, 1861. 
 
 Limotettix punctifrons Sahib., Cicad., p. 244, 1871. 
 
 Cicadula punctifrons Fieb., Revue d'Ent., iv, pp. 50, 58, 1885. 
 
 Cicadula punctifrons Van D., Psyche, vi, p. 305, 1892. 
 
 Cicadula punctifrons Mel., Cicad. Mitt. Eur., p. 34, pi. 11, figs. 1-4, 1896. 
 
 Cicadula punctifrons Edw., Hemip. Homop. Brit. Isds., p. 185, pi. 21, fig. 3, 1896. 
 
 Cicadula punctifrons Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 540, 1905. 
 
 Cicadula punctifrons Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 692, 1917. 
 
 Form : A robust species. Length, 4 to 5 mm. Vertex nearly parallel- 
 margined, very slightly longer on the middle than next the eye, broadly 
 rounding with front. Pronotum twice as wide as long, anterior margin 
 broadly convex, posterior margin very slightly emarginate, lateral 
 margins very short, humeral margins long. Elytra long and narrow, 
 greatly exceeding the abdomen, strongly overlapping apically, appendix 
 distinct. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum dirty-yellow. Vertex with 
 two large round black spots anteriorly. Elytra milky-white, washed with 
 yellow. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about as long as 
 preceding, posterior margin slightly produced medially; pygofers large, 
 widest at the middle, equalling or slightly exceeding the ovipositor. Male, 
 valve broad, rounded posteriorly, about three-fourths as long as last 
 ventral segment ; plates broad basally, about twice as long as valve, spine- 
 less margins narrowing somewhat concavely to the subacute somewhat 
 divergent apices; pygofers broad, bristly, slightly exceeding plates. 
 
 Distribution: Hamilton county has furnished the only speci- 
 mens of this species yet taken in the state. 
 Hosts: Willow. 
 
 Cicadula punctifrons var. repleta Fieb. 
 
 (PI. 15, figs. 3-4.) 
 Cicadula punctifrons var. repleta, Fieb., Revue d'Ent., iv, p. 49, 1885. 
 
 Macrosteles punctifrons 
 Cicadula punctifrons va 
 Cicadula punctifrons va 
 Cicadula punctifrons va 
 Cicadula punctifrons va: 
 
 ar. repleta Horv., Ann. Mus. Na-tl. Hung., vi, p. 566, 1908. 
 
 americana Van D., Can. Ent., xxiii, p. 169, 1891. 
 
 americana Osb., 20th Rept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 540, 1905. 
 . americana DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 93, 1916. 
 
 repleta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 693, 1917. 
 
 Form: Like the preceding but usually larger. Length, 5 to 6 mm. 
 The lateral margins of pronotum relatively longer than in typical puncti- 
 frons.
 
 228 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Color: Ground color like the preceding, variously marked with brown 
 or black. In lightly marked specimens there are faint brown stripes on 
 the elytra and two brownish spots on the margin of the apex between 
 the two usual large black spots. Moderately colored specimens show five 
 dark stripes on the elytra, two on the clavus and three on the corium, 
 with sometimes black triangles in the basal angles of the scutellum. In 
 dark forms the black stripes of the elytra may fuse and make the whole 
 elytron, except the costal margin, almost black. 
 
 External genitalia: As in typical jmnctifrons. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles very characteristic, broadest at point 
 of attachment to connective, then narrowing to middle and again widen- 
 ing, the preapical incision on lateral margin deep and extending cephalo- 
 mesad, forming a distinct shoulder on lateral margin which bears several 
 hairs, the terminal process long, directed caudo-laterad, obliquely trun- 
 cate apically, forming a produced and acute lateral angle, the inner 
 margin with a few preapical small teeth; connective Y-shaped, the arms 
 bending distally around the styles, the stem about as long as the arms, 
 divided and slightly emarginate basally ; oedagus with a large wide dorsal 
 plate-like process at the base which extends dorsad to the membrane from 
 the anal tube, the distal portion wide at base, then narrowing, widening 
 again, and then gradually tapering to the blunt, slightly concavely-tipped 
 apex just before which there are two small sword-shaped, acutely-tipped 
 lateral processes. 
 
 Distribution: Most of our specimens are from Hamilton 
 county. It has also been taken at Kansas City, Mo. 
 Hosts: Willow. 
 
 Cicadida variata (Fall.). 
 
 Cicada variata Fall., Acta Holm, xxvii, p. 34, 1806. 
 Jassus variata H. S., Nomen. Ent., i, p. 70, 1835. 
 Jassus fumatus H. S., Fauna Germ., fasc. 153, 5, 1838. 
 Thamnotettix variata Kirschb., Cicad. v. Wiesbd., p. 99, 1868. 
 
 Limotettix var 
 Cicadula varia 
 Cicadula varia 
 Cicadula varia 
 Cicadula varia 
 Cicadula varia 
 Cicadula varia 
 Cicadula varia 
 Cicadula varia 
 
 ta Sahib., Cicad., p. 250, 1871. 
 Fieb., Revue d'Ent., iv, p. 51, 1885. 
 Van D., Psyche, vi, p. 305, 1892. 
 Edw., Hemip. Homop. Brit. Isds., p. 185, pi. 21, fig. 
 Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 540, 1905. 
 Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 145, 1915. 
 DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 94, 1916. 
 Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 693, 1917. 
 Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 106, 1919. 
 
 Form: Fairly elongate. Length, 3.75 to 4.25 mm. Vertex about one- 
 half longer on middle than next the eye, nearly or fully twice as wide 
 as long, apex obtusely angled. Pronotum twice as wide as long, lateral 
 margins very short, posterior margin very slightly emarginate. Elytra 
 moderately broad, greatly exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Yellowish or yellowish-green. Vertex with two large black 
 spots near posterior margin and a pair on the anterior margin between 
 the vertex and the front. Scutellum with two large black spots in basal
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 229 
 
 angles, the anterior portions showing through the pronotum. Elytra 
 whitish hyaline, often smoky, especially on basal two-thirds, and with a 
 light spot on the claval suture. Nervures light. Face unmarked, or with 
 sutures of front black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment short, about as long 
 as the preceding, posterior margin truncated; pygofers nearly or fully 
 equalling the black ovipositor, the apices with a few white spines. Male, 
 valve long, triangular, apex obtusely rounded, nearly covering the narrow 
 plates. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Douglas, Potta- 
 watomie, and Riley counties. It probably occurs throughout 
 the eastern part of the state. 
 
 Hosts: This species is reported from grasses and weeds. 
 Our specimens were taken at lights. 
 
 Cicadula lepida Van D. 
 
 Cicadula lepida Van D., Can. Ent., xxvi, p. 139, 1894. 
 
 Cicadula lepida Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 540, 1905. 
 
 Cicadula lepida DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 94, 1916. 
 
 Cicadula lepida Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 694, 1917. 
 
 Cicadula lepida Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 185, 1918. 
 
 Cicadula lepida Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 106, 1919. 
 
 Having no specimens of this species at hand, we copy the following de- 
 scription from De Long : 
 
 "Resembling variata, but distinguished from it by the vertex more 
 produced on the middle, and with a black spot next each eye. Length, 
 3.5 to 4 mm. 
 
 "Vertex bluntly angulate, slightly more than half longer on the middle 
 than next the eye, more angulately produced than variata 
 
 "Color: Yellow, often tinged with green; vertex with two spots near 
 the base, two large spots on apex, a vertical mark either side, between 
 ocellus and eye, and often short, frontal arcs, black. Elytra whitish, 
 often tinged with yellow, smoky at apex, nervures pale. 
 
 "Genitalia: Female, last ventral segment rather short, slightly emargi- 
 nate at middle; pygofers as long as black ovipositor, clothed with white 
 spines. Male, valve large and rounded, plates short, convexly rounding to 
 rather blunt apices, outer margins with long white spines." 
 
 Distribution: Specimens of this species have been taken in 
 Douglas and Pottawatomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: DeLong reports sweeping specimens from small 
 grass in low, swampy ground. 
 
 Cicadula sexnotata (Fall.). 
 
 (PI. 15, figs. 5-6.) 
 
 Cicada sernotata Fall., Acta Holm, xxvii, p. 34, 1806. 
 Jassus sexnotata Burm., Genera Ins., pi. 14, 1838. 
 Cicadula sexnotata Zett., Ins. Lapp., column 297, 1840. 
 Thamnotettix sexnotata Stal, Stet. Ent. Zeit., xix, p. 194, 1858. 
 Macrosteles sexnotata Fieb., Verh. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., xvi, p. 504, 1866.
 
 230 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Limotettix sexnotata Sahib., Cicad., p. 247, 1871. 
 
 Cicadula eexnota 
 Cicadula 4-tineat 
 Cicadula gexnota 
 Cicadula gexnota 
 Cicadula sexnota 
 Cicadula sexnoti 
 Cicadula sexnota 
 Cicadula sexnota 
 Cicadula gexnota 
 Cicadula sexnota 
 Cicadula sexnota 
 Cicadtila sexnota 
 
 Fieb., Revue d'Ent., iv, p. 47, 1885. 
 
 Forbes, Kept. 111. St. Snt., xiv, p. 68, pi. 5, fig. 4, 1884. 
 Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 75, 1888. 
 Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent, p. 539, 1905. 
 
 Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 97, fig. 27, 1912. 
 Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 147, 1915. 
 Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 248, p. 59, 1916. 
 Dei,., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 95, 1916. 
 Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 094, 1917. 
 Ell., Vort. Landburg, xxxvii, No. 40, p. 453, 1918. 
 Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 185, 1918. 
 Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 107, 1919. 
 
 form: Distinctly elongate. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. Vertex slightly 
 longer at middle than next the eye, nearly or fully twice as wide as long, 
 broadly rounding with front. Pronotum broadly convex anteriorly, very 
 slightly concave posteriorly, lateral margins very short. Elytra greatly 
 exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Yellowish or yellowish-green. Vertex with a pair of black spots 
 posteriorly, and two pairs of black transverse lines, one pair on the an- 
 terior margin, the other pair between these and the posterior spots, also 
 a black line between the reddish ocelli and the eyes. Pronotum frequently 
 darker or with black showing through, especially on posterior portion. 
 Elytra yellowish-gray, often smoky apically. Face with sutures, arcs on 
 front, and median longitudinal line, black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment rather short, pos- 
 terior margin truncated; pygofers equalling the black ovipositor, with 
 a few white spines apically. Male, valve large, triangular, apex ob- 
 tusely rounded; plates small, projecting beyond the valve about the 
 length of the latter and then produced into two attenuated apices which 
 nearly or quite equal the bristly pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles with large anterior process, a fair- 
 sized process to connective, concave laterally just before the middle and 
 then mesally concave just after the middle, strongly notched laterally 
 to form a somewhat curved bluntly pointed terminal process; connective 
 in the shape of a broad Y, the arms rounding, the stem widening distally; 
 redagus curved at base, long and slender, deeply cleft at apex to form 
 two strap-like subacutely pointed processes, the dorsally extending basal 
 process quite large.
 
 LAWSON I KANSAS CICADELLID>. 
 
 231 
 
 Distribution: This is one of our most abundant species. It 
 is found in every part of the state as shown by the following 
 map: 
 
 Hosts: Feeds on a great variety of plants. Often is a pest 
 to crops because of its large numbers. Doctor Osborn records 
 it as feeding upon oats, timothy, corn, potatoes, and pasture 
 grasses. 
 
 Genus BALCLUTHA Kirk. 
 
 The members of this genus are rather elongate slender 
 species. The head is narrower than the pronotum and the ver- 
 tex is short, the margins nearly parallel. The elytra are very 
 long, greatly exceeding the abdomen, overlapping apically, 
 with a distinct appendix, and with only two anteapical cells. 
 The hind wings have only two apical cells. 
 
 Only two members of this genus have been taken in Kansas. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Elytra with black or brown spots. 
 AA. Elytra unicolorous. 
 
 Balclutha punctata (Thumb.). 
 
 punctata. 
 impicta. 
 
 (PI. 16, figs. 1-2.) 
 
 ("ii-aila punctata Thunb., Acta Upsala, iv, p. 21, 1782. 
 Eupteryx clypeata Curt., Brit. Ent., xiv, p. 640, 1837. 
 Cicadula spreta Zett., Ins. Lapp., column 298, 1840. 
 Jasstis punctatu* Walk., List Homop., iii, p. 877, 1851. 
 TypMocyba vernalia Fh. MS., in collections. 
 
 Gnathodus punctatus Fieb., Verb. Zool.-Bot. Ges. Wien., xvi, p. 505, 1866. 
 Thamnotettix punctatus Kirschb., Cicad. v. Wiesbd., p. 90, 1868. 
 Typhlocyba rosea Prov., Nat. Can., iv, p. 378, 1872. 
 TypMocyba punctata Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., iii, p. 301, 1890. 
 Typhlocyba jacosa Prov., Pet. Faune Ent. Can., iii, p. 300, 1890.
 
 232 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 GnathodiiH ptinctatut Mel., Cicad. Mitt. Eur., p. 314, pi. 12, figs. 5-8, 1896. 
 (iiiathodus pnnctatu* Edw., Hemip. Honiop. Brit. Isds., p. 191, pi. 21, fig. 10, 1896. 
 Bnlehitha punctata Mats., Termes. Fuzet., xxv, p. 358, 1902. 
 
 Balclutha intnrtata Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 149, 1915; Bui. 248, p. 79, 
 1916. 
 
 Balclutha punctata DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 96, 1916. 
 BaMutha punctata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 696, 1917. 
 
 Form: Distinctly elongate, narrowing posteriorly. Length, 3.5 to 4 
 mm. Head much narrower than pronotum, vertex slightly longer on 
 middle than next the eye, over three times as wide as long, sloping, and 
 broadly rounding with front. Pronotum long, anterior margin strongly 
 convex, posterior margin slightly concave, broadest at lateral angles. 
 Elytra very long, overlapping at apex. 
 
 Color: Greenish or yellowish-green. Vertex yellowish-green, un- 
 marked, or with three faint brownish longitudinal stripes. Pronotum 
 yellowish-green, darker on the disc, unmarked, or with five brownish 
 longitudinal stripes. Scutellum pale, often with basal angles and two 
 spots on disc fuscous. Elytra greenish with hyaline smoked tips or 
 milky-white with green nervures, always marked with black or brown 
 spots. Face yellowish-green, often washed with fuscous. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin truncate; pygofers long and narrow, spiny, equalling ovipositor. 
 Male, valve very small, just visible from under last ventral segment, 
 rounded posteriorly; plates broad, triangular, spiny margins convexly 
 narrowing to the produced and filamentous apices which nearly equal the 
 pygofers. 
 
 Interval male genitalia: Styles truncate anteriorly, lacking the usual 
 anterior process, then narrowing on both sides, especially the inner, to 
 the middle, then widening to a subacute angle on the lateral margin 
 formed by a deep and fairly wide lateral incision which bears a few hairs, 
 the apical process long and narrow and curving strongly to the acute 
 tip; connective Y-shaped, the arms widest at point of attachment to 
 styles, then narrowed and bent mesad anteriorly, the stem longer than the 
 rounding arms, and widened and slightly concave basally; cedagus with a 
 large swollen base, then suddenly narrowing to a long delicate terminal 
 lash. 
 
 Distribution: Douglas county seems to be the only one in 
 which this species has yet been taken. The Snow collection 
 also contains specimens from Kansas City, Mo. It probably 
 occurs throughout the eastern portion of the state. 
 
 Hosts: Professor Osborn counts this species as of probable 
 economic importance due to its occurring in grasses and cereal 
 crops. He mentions Canadian bluegrass as a definite host. The 
 writer has taken this species on Elijmus in Douglas county.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 233 
 
 Balclutha impicta (Van D.). 
 
 (PI. 16, figs. 3-4.) 
 
 Gnathodus impictus Van D., Can. Ent., xxiv, p. 113, 1892. 
 Balclutha impictus Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., ix, p. 229, 1909. 
 Balclutha impictu* Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 149, 1915. 
 Balclutha impictus DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 96, 1916. 
 Balclutha impicta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 697, 1917. 
 
 Form: Slightly smaller than punctata. Length, 3.5 to 3.75 mm. Head 
 narrower than pronotum, vertex very slightly longer on middle than next 
 the eye, over three times as wide as long. Pronotum long, anterior mar- 
 gin strongly convex, posterior margin very slightly emarginate. Elytra 
 very long, greatly exceeding abdomen, narrow, overlapping apically. 
 
 Color: Greenish, sometimes tinged with yellow, Elytra greenish 
 basally, becoming whitish apically. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment rather long, pos- 
 terior margin truncate; pygofers long and narrow, widest at middle, 
 spiny, equalling ovipositor. Male, valve distinct, nearly semicircular; 
 plates small, margins convexly narrowing to the attenuate tips which are 
 strcngly exceeded by the pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles produced anteriorly into a wide proc- 
 ess, widest at point of attachment to connective by a rounded inner lobe, 
 preapical lateral incision nearly semicircular, the terminal process rather 
 short, curved, the apex more heavily chitinized and roughened; con- 
 nective Y-shaped, the arms stout and triangular, separated by a rather 
 narrow incision, the stem longer than the arms, widened to the truncate 
 apex; oedagus with a broad rectangular dorsally-directed attachment 
 process at the base, the main portion swollen basally and gradually taper- 
 ing to the bread but rather deeply bifid apex, so that it seems to end in 
 two delicate processes. 
 
 Distribution: This species seemingly is found throughout 
 the eastern part of the state as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: No definite host plant seems yet to have been found 
 for this species. It is undoubtedly a grass feeder.
 
 234 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Genus EUGNATHODUS Bak. 
 
 The members of this genus are very much like those of Bal- 
 clutha, being long and slender, the elytra long and greatly ex- 
 ceeding the abdomen, with only two anteapical cells, and a 
 distinct appendix. The wings also possess but two apical cells. 
 Here, however, the head is distinctly wider than the pronotum 
 and thus these forms are readily separable from those of the 
 preceding genus. 
 
 One member of the genus occurs in Kansas. 
 
 Eugnathodus abdominalis (Van D.). 
 
 (PI. 16, figs. 5-6.) 
 
 Onathodus abdominalis Van. D., Can. Ent., xxiv, p. 113, 1892. 
 Eugnathodus abdominalis Bak., Invert. Pacifica, i, p. 2, 1903. 
 Balclutha abdominalis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 95, 1916. 
 Eugnathodus abdominalis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 697, 1917. 
 Eugnathodus abdominalis Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 107, 1919. 
 
 Form: Distinctly elongate, tapering posteriorly. Length, 3 to 3.5 
 mm. Head as wide or slightly wider than the pronotum. Vertex short, 
 slightly longer at middle than next the eye, about three times as wide as 
 long. Pronotum broadly rounded anteriorly, not as much produced as in 
 Balclutha, lateral angles sharp, posterior margin very slightly emargi- 
 nate. Elytra very long, greatly exceeding abdomen, strongly overlapping 
 apically, appendix distinct, only two anteapical cells. Wings with two 
 apical cells. 
 
 Color: Greenish, tinged with whitish on elytra and fuscous on ver- 
 tex, pronotum, and scutellum. Pronotum sometimes with three dark 
 longitudinal lines. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment short, slightly sinu- 
 ate on either side of a very slight median prominence ; pygofers long and 
 narrow, widest at the middle, slightly exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, 
 valve broad, rounded posteriorly; plates broad basally, short, spiny 
 lateral margins convexly narrowing to the divergent apices, which are 
 exceeded by the pygofers. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles with an anterior process, a large 
 rounded lobe to connective, then suddenly narrowed, the terminal process 
 curved outward, rather short and stout; connective Y-shaped, the arms 
 widely separated and curved apically around styles, the stem longer than 
 the arms, widened basally; cedagus enlarged basally, with a small dor- 
 sally directed plate, then rapidly narrowed to long terminal process, 
 which curves dorsad and ends rather obtusely.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^. 
 
 235 
 
 Distribution: Most abundant in the eastern counties of the 
 state, as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Probably a grass feeder. 
 
 Tribe TYPHLOCYBINI (Kirschb.). 
 
 The members of this tribe are rather uniformly small species, 
 elongate and fragile. They differ from the other tribes of the 
 Jassinas and from other Cicadellidas in two particulars chiefly, 
 namely, that the four sectors of the elytra run to the cross 
 nervures without branching so that there are no anteapical 
 cells, and in the fact that the ocelli are often wanting. 
 
 The tribe is divided into a number of genera, six of which 
 are represented in our fauna. The genus Eupteryx, though not 
 represented in the state, is included in the key. 
 
 The following key to the genera is adapted from Gillette, 
 Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 710, 1898. I have followed the 
 nomenclature given by McAtee, Proc. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxxi, p. 
 109, 1918. 
 
 KEY TO GENERA. 
 
 A. Sectors of posterior wings ending in a marginal vein. 
 
 B. Elytra with an appendix. Alebra 
 
 BB. Elytra without an appendix. 
 
 C. Two apical cells in posterior wing. Dikraneura. 
 CC. One apical cell in posterior wing. Empoasca. 
 
 AA. Sectors of posterior wings ending in wing margin, no marginal vein. 
 
 B. All four sectors extending to the wing margin. Eupteryx. 
 BB. Sectors one and two uniting so that only three veins extend to 
 the wing margin. 
 
 C. First and third apical cells of elytra contiguous at base, 
 second apical cell triangular. Typhlocyba.
 
 236 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 AA. Sectors of posterior wings concluded. 
 
 CC. First and third apical cells of elytra completely sepa- 
 rated by the second oblong apical cell. 
 D. Scutellum thickened and distinctly elevated api- 
 
 cally. Hymetta. 
 
 DD. Scutellum not thickened and elevated apically. 
 
 Erythroneura. 
 
 Genus ALEBRA Fieb. 
 
 The members of this genus are slender forms with a bluntly 
 rounded head which is narrower than the pronotum. Ocelli are 
 present. The elytra greatly exceed the abdomen, overlap at 
 the apex, and have a distinct appendix. The sectors of the 
 under wings end in a marginal vein and there are three apical 
 cells. 
 
 One species and a variety have been taken in the state. 
 
 Alebra albostriella (Fall.). 
 
 Cicada albostriella Fall., Hemip. Suec. Cicad., p. 54, 1826. 
 
 Cicada elegantula Zett., Fauna Lapp., i, p. 536, 1828. 
 
 Cicadula elegantula Zett., Ins. Lapp., column 298, 1840. 
 
 Typhlocyba albostriella Flor, Bhyn. Livl., ii, p. 382, 1861. 
 
 Typhlocyba pallidula Walsh, Proc. Best. Soc. Nat. Hist., ix, p. 315, 1864. 
 
 Compsus albostriella Sahib., Cicad., p. 156, 1871. 
 
 Alebra albostriella Fieb., Revue d'Ent., iii, p. 40, 1884. 
 
 Alebra pallida Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 213, 1889. 
 
 Alebra albostriella Mel., Cicad. Mitt. Europ., p. 316, pi. 12, figs. 9, 10, 1896. 
 
 Alebra albostriella Edw., Hemip. Homop. Brit. Isds., p. 193, pi. 22, fig. 1, 1896. 
 
 Alebra albostriella Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 713, 1898. 
 
 Alebra albostriella DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent, Bui. 17, p. 97, 1916. 
 
 Alebra albostriella Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 699, 1917. 
 
 Alebra albostriella Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta. ; Bui. 199, p. 109, 1919. 
 
 The following description of this species is given by De Long: 
 
 "Rather robust, long, yellow or white in color. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. 
 
 "Head blunt, parallel-margined, slightly curved anteriorly. Pronotum 
 wider than head including eyes, elytra long, rather narrow. 
 
 "Color: Male, usually bright yellow, apices of elytra fumose. Female, 
 varying, usually white, pronotum with two stripes, a broad one on suture 
 and one along costa of elytra, yellow, head and pronotum often brown." 
 
 Distribution: The only record of this species for the state is 
 from Pottawatomie county. 
 
 Hosts: De Long records taking specimens from willows, 
 grapevines and weeds. Crevecoeur took specimens from burr 
 oak. 
 
 Alebra albostriella var. fulveola (H. S.) . 
 
 Typhlocyba fulveola H. S., Fauna Germ., cxiv, No. 16, 1839. 
 Typhlocyba aurea Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ix, p. 315, 1864. 
 Compsus fulveola Sahib., Cicad., p. 158, 1871. 
 
 Alebra albostriella var. fulveola Fieb., Revue d'Ent., iii, p. 41, 1884. 
 Alebra albontriella var. fulveola Edw., Hemip. Homop. Brit. Isds., p. 193, pi. 22, fig. 
 2, 1896. 
 
 Alebra alboxtrirlla var. full-coin Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 699, 1917.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID.E. 237 
 
 Form: That of the preceding. Length, 3.5 to 4 mm. Head narrower 
 than the pronotum, blunt anteriorly, the vertex one-half wider than long. 
 Pronotum twice as wide as long, broadly rounded anteriorly, lateral 
 margins fairly long, posterior margin somewhat emarginate. Elytra very 
 long, greatly exceeding the abdomen. 
 
 Color: The specimens at hand are almost uniformly orange-yellow, 
 the elytra pale apically, and often with a pruinose spot along costal 
 margin. Beneath and legs the same color except for the black tarsal 
 claws. 
 
 External genitalia: Male, last ventral segment half longer than the 
 preceding, strongly narrowed posteriorly, keeled posterior margin trun- 
 cate or slightly emarginate; valve present, but hidden under last ventral 
 segment unless the latter be raised up, small and rounded posteriorly; 
 plates very large, suddenly narrowed preapically and then parallel- 
 margined to the blunt bristly apices which far exceed the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Douglas county 
 and also from Kansas City, Mo., indicating its occurrence in 
 the eastern portion of the state. 
 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Genus DIKRANEURA Hardy. 
 
 The members of this genus are small and quite slender. The 
 vertex is usually obtusely produced anteriorly. The elytra 
 greatly exceed the abdomen but lack an appendix, thus differ- 
 ing from Alebra. The sectors of the hind wings all end in a 
 marginal vein and there are two apical cells, differing in the 
 latter respect from Empoasca where only one apical cell is 
 found. 
 
 Two species of this genus have been collected in Kansas. 
 These may be separated by the following key : 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Vertex strongly produced, two reddish longitudinal lines on vertex 
 
 and pronotum. abnormis. 
 
 AA. Vertex shorter, usually reddish apically, without longitudinal lines. 
 
 fieberL 
 
 Dikraneura abnormis (Walsh). 
 
 Chloroneura abnormis Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ix, p. 316, 1864. 
 Dicraneura abnormis Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 213, 1889. 
 Dicraneura abnormis Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 719, 1898. 
 Dicraneura abnormis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 98, 1916. 
 , Dikraneura abnormis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 700, 1917. 
 Dikraneura abnormis Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 110, 1919. 
 
 Form: Very slender. Vertex over twice as long at middle as next the 
 eye, one-third wider than long, acutely angled apically. Pronotum long 
 and narrow, one-half longer than vertex, lateral margins long, slightly
 
 238 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 widening posteriorly, humeral margins short, posterior margin distinctly 
 concave. Elytra very long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Vertex and pronotum yellowish, with two broad reddish longi- 
 tudinal stripes. Scutellum yellowish. Elytra greenish, nervures yel- 
 lowish especially apically where the elytra become hyaline. Face pale. 
 Abdomen black. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment rather short, narrow, 
 posterior margin broadly but slightly convex; pygofers long and narrow, 
 exceeded by ovipositor, somewhat hairy along mesal margins and apically. 
 Male, valve large, broad, lateral margins roundingly narrowed pos- 
 teriorly, posterior margin truncate; plates broad, narrowing rather con- 
 cavely to the attenuate and divergent tips which are upturned and exceed 
 the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: This species seemingly is found only in the 
 eastern portion of the state as shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Occurs on a large number of grasses. 
 Dikraneura fieberi (Loew). 
 
 Notus fieberi Loew in Then, Kat. Ostr. Cicad., p. 39, 1886. 
 Notus forcipatus Fieb., Revue d'Ent., iii, p. 53, 1884. 
 Dicraneura fieberi Mel., Cicad. Mitt. Eur., p. 325, 1896. 
 Dicraneura fieberi Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 722, 1898. 
 Dicraneura fieberi Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 151, 1915. 
 Dicraneura fieberi DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 98, 1916. 
 Dikraneura fieberi Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 701, 1917. 
 Dikraneura fieberi Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 186, 1918. 
 Dikraneura fieberi Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 110, 1919. 
 
 Form : Length about 3.5 mm. Vertex not as produced as in abnormis, 
 more rounded apically, over one-half longer at middle than next the eye, 
 nearly twice as wide as long. Pronotum long, only about one-third wider 
 than long, lateral margins straight, humeral margins short. Elytra long 
 and narrow.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^. 239 
 
 Color: Light yellow. Vertex yellowish, often with the apical portion 
 distinctly reddish. Pronotum yellowish, the disc sometimes reddish or 
 orange colored. Elytra yellowish, nervures yellow, often quite hyaline, 
 especially at the tips. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment very short laterally, 
 posterior margin incised on either side of a large produced median lobe 
 whose margins taper slightly from the broad base to the rounded apex; 
 last abdominal tergite large and inflated, appearing as two broad lobes 
 at the base of the pygofers, which are broad, mesally spiny, and nearly 
 or fully equal the ovipositor. Male, valve very large and inflated, a 
 little wider than long, lateral margins rounded, posterior margin truncate 
 or slightly concave, with a longitudinal median line; plates projecting 
 from under the valve as two large style-like processes, spiny, curved 
 dorsally, with a distinct black tooth on inner margin before the black- 
 tipped apices, which exceed the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Taken hitherto only in Cherokee and Douglas 
 counties. Probably occurs throughout the eastern part of the 
 state. 
 
 Hosts: This is a grass-feeding species which, according to 
 Osborn, may be of economic importance because of occurring 
 in large numbers on cultivated grasses, such as timothy. 
 
 Genus EMPOASCA Walsh. 
 
 The forms belonging to this genus are slender, greenish 
 species, very largely unicolorous. The elytra are long and lack 
 an appendix. The sectors of the hind wings end in a marginal 
 vein, thus agreeing with the two preceding genera, but in this 
 genus there is only one apical cell. Ocelli are present. 
 
 The six species keyed below have been collected in the state. 
 Other species have been taken, but I am not quite certain as to 
 their specific identity. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Vertex rounded, at most but slightly produced medially. 
 
 B. Elytra with two transverse dark stripes. trifasciata. 
 
 BB. Elytra without transverse stripes. 
 
 C. Size large, robust, length usually about 4 mm,, elytra 
 
 unicolorous. obtusa. 
 
 CC. Size smaller, more slender, seldom exceeding 3.5 mm., 
 
 claval suture of elytra whitish. albolinea. 
 
 AA. Vertex distinctly produced medially. 
 
 B Pronotum with a pale median line, nervures of elytra pale. 
 
 alboneura. 
 
 BB. Pronotum without pale line, nervures not pale. 
 
 C Pronotum with six or eight white spots on anterior mar- 
 gin. 
 
 CC Pronotum with three white spots on anterior margin. 
 
 flavescens.
 
 240 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Empoasca trifasciata Gill. 
 
 Empoasca trtfasciata Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 726, 1898. 
 Empoasca trifasciata Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 542, 1905. 
 Empoasca trifasciata DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 99, 1916. 
 Empoasca trifasciata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 702, 1917. 
 Empoasca trifasciata Weiss & Dick., Can. Ent., L, p. 201, 1918. 
 Empoasca trifasciata Weiss, Ent. News, xxix, p. 310, 1918. 
 
 Form: Length, 4 to 4.25 mm. Vertex very slightly longer at middle 
 than next the eyes, obtusely rounded apically, twice as wide as long. 
 Pronotum long, one-half wider than long, lateral margins long, widening 
 posteriorly, humeral margins shorter, posterior margin slightly emargi- 
 nate. Elytra very long, greatly exceeding abdomen. 
 
 Color: Greenish. Vertex greenish-yellow. Pronotum yellowish an- 
 teriorly, with a dark brown band on the posterior part. Scutellum yel- 
 lowish basally, greenish apically. Elytra greenish, with broad smoky or 
 brownish bands across middle of clavus and at apex. Face yellowish 
 above, greenish below, sometimes with a white median longitudinal line. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin roundingly produced medially; pygofers moderately robust, long, 
 slightly exceeded by ovipositor. 
 
 Distribution: Douglas and Riley counties seem to be the only 
 counties in the state where this species has yet been taken. 
 
 Hosts: Weiss and Dickerson give Carolina and Lombardy 
 poplars as hosts. 
 
 Empoasca obtusa Walsh. 
 
 Empoasca obtusa Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ix, p. 316, 1864. 
 
 Empoasca obtusa G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 109, 1895. 
 
 Empoasca obtvsa Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 733, 1898. 
 
 Empoasca obtvsa Webs., Ent. News, xxi, p. 265, 1910. 
 
 Empoasca obtusa Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 153, 1915. 
 
 Empoasca obtusa Leon., Ent. News, xxvii, p. 49, 1916. 
 
 Empoasca obtusa DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 100, 1916. 
 
 Empoasca obtusa Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 703, 1917. 
 
 Empoasca obtusa McAt., Can. Ent., L, p. 360, 1918. 
 
 Empoasca obtusa Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. Ill, 1919. 
 
 Form: Rather robust. Length, 4 mm. Head broad; vertex slightly 
 longer medially than next the eye, over twice as wide as long, broadly 
 rounded apically. Pronotum long, less than twice as wide as long, lateral 
 margins long and widening posteriorly, humeral margins short, posterior 
 margin distinctly emarginate. Elytra long and narrow, greatly exceed- 
 ing the abdomen. 
 
 Color: Pale green or yellowish-green. Vertex sometimes marked with 
 fuscous. Pronotum usually with three fairly large white spots on ante- 
 rior margin, and sometimes the posterior margin marked with bright 
 green. Scutellum frequently with a broad white median line. Elytra 
 yellowish or greenish, subhyaline, sometimes smoky and with some of the 
 nervures bright green.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 241 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin roundingly produced, but with the sides not sinuous; pygofers long, 
 rather bristly, slightly exceeded by ovipositor. Male, last ventral seg- 
 ment over twice the length of the preceding, broad, posterior margin 
 broadly rounding, covering the valve; plates broad and long, spiny, the 
 upturned tips being laterally compressed and obtuse apically; pygofers 
 very short, completely hidden by the plates. 
 
 Distribution: Fairly common in the eastern portion of the 
 state as indicated by its occurrence in Douglas, Pottawatomie, 
 Riley and Sedgwick counties. 
 
 Hosts: This species is usually abundant on willow. Leonard 
 gives poplar as another host. 
 
 Empoasca albolinea Gill. 
 
 Ewpoasca albolinea Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 732, 1898. 
 Empoasca albolinea Tuck., Kan. Univ. Sci. Bui., iv, p. 68, 1907. 
 Empoasca albolinea Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 704, 1917. 
 
 Form: Length, 3.5 mm. Head not as broad and more rounding an- 
 teriorly than in obtusa Vertex slightly longer on middle than next the 
 eye, over twice as wide as long, broadly rounding apically. Pronotum 
 nearly three times as long as the vertex, less than twice as wide as long. 
 Elytra characteristic of the genus. 
 
 Color: Greenish-yellow. Vertex with median white line and two white 
 lateral spots or lines. Pronotum with three white spots on anterior mar- 
 gin and a characteristic pale median longitudinal line. Scutellum with 
 white median line. Elytra yellowish, sometimes smoky, the claval suture 
 broadly pale. Face yellowish above, greenish below, sometimes unmarked, 
 sometimes with a median longitudinal line, a line next each eye, and a line 
 between these and the median line, white. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin produced and entire; pygofers moderately robust, spiny mesally, ex- 
 ceeded by ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment broad and long, cover- 
 ing the valve; plates as in obtusa but with a much thicker covering of 
 much longer spines and hairs; pygofers very short, completely hidden by 
 the plates. 
 
 Distribution: Our only records for this species are from 
 Douglas county. 
 
 Hosts: Our specimens were taken at electric lights. Gillette 
 gives willows as the host plant. 
 
 Empoasca alboneura Gill. 
 
 Empoaxca alboneura Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 743, 1898. 
 Empoasca alboneura DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 101, 1916. 
 E,,il,aca alboneura Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 705, 1917. 
 
 Form: Short and fairly robust. Length about 3 mm. Vertex about 
 one-third longer at middle than next the eye, over twice as wide as long. 
 
 16 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 242 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Pronotum twice as wide as long, anterior margin strongly convex, lateral 
 and humeral margins about equal, posterior margin distinctly concave. 
 Elytra moderately long. 
 
 Color: Greenish-yellow. Vertex yellowish, a median line, a spot on 
 either side, and one on posterior margin near each eye, white. Pronotum 
 yellowish, becoming greenish posteriorly, anterior margin with three 
 white spots, and with a distinct pale median longitudinal line. Scutellum 
 yellowish, often with a broad white median line. Elytra greenish, apices 
 smoky, nervures broadly pale. Face yellowish above, greenish below. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin medially produced; pygofers rather robust, spiny, considerably ex- 
 ceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment large, concave, 
 and therefore the posterior margin appearing notched; plates long and 
 narrow, each bearing two rows of long bristles, the tips upturned; py- 
 gofers very short, completely hidden by the plates. 
 
 Distribution: Gillette's record of specimens from Greeley 
 county is our only record of this species in the state. 
 
 Hosts: De Long reports sweeping this species from weeds, 
 grass, and red clover, and also taking it around lights. 
 
 Empoasca mali (LeB.). 
 
 (PI. 16, figs. 7-8.) 
 
 Tettigonia mali LeB., Prairie Farmer, xiii, p. 330, 1853. 
 Empoa albopicta Forbes, 13th Kept. 111. St. Ent., p. 181, pi. 14, 1884. 
 Empoasca mali Osb., Proc'. la. Acad. Sci., i, pt. 2, p. 126, 1892. 
 Empoasca mali Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl Mus., xx, p. 744, 1898. 
 Empoasca mali Lugg., 6th Kept. Minn. St. Ent., p. 131, 1900. 
 Empoasca albopicta Washb., 9th Kept. Minn. St. Ent., p. 59, 1904. 
 Empoasca mali Washb., 9th Kept. Minn. St. Ent., p. 91, T904. 
 Empoasca mali Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 543, 1905. 
 Empoasca mali Washb., U. S. Dept Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 52, p. 43, 1905. 
 Empoasca mali Washb., 12th Kept. Minn. St. Ent., p. 11, 1908. 
 Empoasca mali Webs., Jl. EC. Ent.. ii, p. 211, 1909. 
 Empoasca mali Webs., Ent. News, xxi, p. 266, 1910. 
 Empoasca mali Webs., la. St. Col. Exp. Sta., Bui. Ill, 1910. 
 Empoasca mali Washb., Jl. EC. Ent., iii, p. 162, 1910. 
 Empoasca mali Sand., Jl. EC. Ent., iii, p. 210, 1910. 
 Empoasca mali Washb., 13th Kept. Minn. St. Ent., p. 31, 1910. 
 Empoasca mali Osb., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 108, p. 100, fig. 28, 1812. 
 Empoasca mali Hase., Jl. EC. Ent., vi, p. 240, 1913. 
 Empoasca mali Ess., Inj. Benef. Ins. Calif., edn. 2. p. 62, 1915. 
 Empoasca mali Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 153, 1915. 
 Empoasca mali Webs., la. St. Col. Exp. Sta., Bui. 155, p. 395, 1915. 
 .Empoasca mali Gibs., Can. Ent., xhriii, p. 178, 1916. 
 Empoasca mali DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 102, 1916. 
 Empoasca mali Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 705, 1917. . 
 Empoasca mali Lathr., Jl. EC. Ent., xi, p. 144, 1918. 
 Empoasca mali Lathr., N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 451, p. 185, 1918. 
 Empoasca mali Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 186, 1918. 
 Empoasca mali Ball, Jl. EC. Ent., xii, p. 149, 2 pi., 1919. 
 Empoasca mali Ball, Wise. Dept. Agr., Bui. 23, p. 76, 5 pi., 1919. 
 Empoasca mali Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 122, 1919. 
 Empoasca mali Fluke, Jl. EC. Ent, xii, p. 256, 1919. 
 Empoasca mali Ack., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 805, p. 1, 1919.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID/E. 
 
 243 
 
 Form: Length, about 3.5 mm. Vertex one-third longer on middle 
 than next the eye, distinctly produced, less than twice as wide as long. 
 Pronotum twice as wide as long, anterior margin strongly convex, lateral 
 and humeral margins about equal, posterior margin distinctly emarginate. 
 Elytra long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Yellowish-green. Vertex with median line, dashes on either 
 side anteriorly and posteriorly, white. Pronotum with six, sometimes 
 with eight, white spots along anterior margin. Scutellum with a white 
 "H" on anterior portion, and three white lines on posterior half. Elytra 
 greenish, sometimes smoky. Face yellowish above, greenish below, with 
 white median line and other white markings between it and the eyes. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin slightly produced or truncate; pygofers rather robust, spiny mesally, 
 exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment very large, pos- 
 terior margin rounding; plates long and narrow, apices obtuse, upturned, 
 and laterally compressed, thickly covered with white hairs and spines; 
 pygofers very short, completely covered by the plates. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles long and slender, sinuate; connective 
 the form of an equilateral triangle with the corners rounded and the 
 sides slightly concave; oadagus long and slender, very slender basally, 
 then widening and again narrowing to tip when viewed laterally. Viewed 
 dorsally it is enlarged apically into a blunt spearhead. 
 
 Distribution: This is by far the commonest member of this 
 genus. Its recorded distribution for the state is shown by 
 the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Taken on a large variety of hosts and very abun- 
 dantly at lights. Because of feeding on so many cultivated 
 plants it is of decided economic importance. It is common on 
 many members of the family Leguminoste, especially on alfalfa 
 and beans. It is often an apple pest. In the last year it has 
 been attracting much attention due to its work on potatoes. 
 Doctor Ball has shown that it is the means of producing ''hop-
 
 244 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 perburn" on this crop, and he has therefore proposed the name 
 of "potato leafhopper" for this species, for it is now known to 
 pass its life cycle on potato. 
 
 Empoasca ftavescens (Fabr.). 
 
 Cicada flavescens Fabr., Ent. Syst., iv, p. 46, 1794. 
 
 Typhlocyba flavescens Flor., Khyn. Livl., ii, p. 394, 1861. 
 
 Cicadula flavescen Sahib., Cicad., p. 161, 1871. 
 
 Chlorita flavescen Fieb., Revue d'Ent., iii, p. 57, 1884. 
 
 Empoasca flavesce s Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 745, 1898. 
 
 Empoasca flavesce s Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 543, 1905. 
 
 Empoasca flavesc s DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 102, 1916. 
 
 Empoasca flavesc Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 706, 1917. 
 
 Empoasca flavesc s Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 186, 1918. 
 
 Empoasca flavescens Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 112, 1919. 
 
 Form: Very much like mail. Length, about 3.5 mm. Vertex one- 
 third longer at middle than next the eye, distinctly produced, one-half 
 longer than wide. Pronotum less than twice as wide as long, anterior 
 margin broadly convex, posterior margin distinctly concave. Elytra long 
 and narrow. 
 
 Color: Yellowish or yellowish-green. Vertex with median line, and 
 a pair each of anterior and posterior oblique lines, white. Pronotum usu- 
 ally with three white anterior spots. Scutellum usually with three 
 white longitudinal lines on basal portion and a broad transverse white 
 band back of impressed line. Elytra pale green, nervures indistinct, api- 
 cally hyaline. Face yellowish above, greenish below, with broad white 
 median line and whitish markings between this and the eye. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin produced ; pygof ers rather robust, spiny mesally, exceeded by oviposi- 
 tor. Male, last ventral segment over twice the length of the preceding; 
 plates broad basally, regularly tapering to the rounded upturned apices, 
 with a row of submarginal spines, and hairy marginally and apically; 
 pygofers short, completely hidden by the plates. 
 
 Distribution: A very common species which is distributed 
 all over the state as shown by the following map :
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^:. 245 
 
 Hosts: Taken in abundance at lights. De Long records it 
 from the same hosts as mali, namely, beans, peas, alfalfa, and 
 apple. 
 
 Genus EUPTERYX Curt. 
 
 No members of this genus have yet been reported from Kan- 
 sas. Unlike the three preceding genera the sectors of the hind 
 wings end in the wing margin instead of in a marginal vein, 
 and they differ from the two following genera in having four 
 sectors instead of three. 
 
 McAtee shows that the old name Eupteryx should be re- 
 tained for the genus rather than the name Typhlocyba as used 
 by Van Duzee in his catalogue. 
 
 Genus TYPHLOCYBA Germ. 
 
 The members of this genus are characterized by having the 
 first and third apical cells of the elytra contiguous at the base, 
 by lacking a marginal vein in the hind wings, and having only 
 three sectors reaching the margin of the wing. 
 
 Only one species has been taken in the state. 
 
 Typhlocyba rosse (Linn.). 
 
 (PI. 16, figs. 9-10.) 
 
 Cicada rosce Linn., Syst. Nat. edn. 10, i, p. 439, 1758. 
 Cicada (Tettigonia) rosce Geoff., Hist. Aberg. des Ins.. i. p. 428, 1762. 
 Tvphlocyba rosce Burra., Handb. d. Ent., ii, p. 107, 1835. 
 Cicadvla rosce Zett., Ins. Lapp., column 300, 1840. 
 Tettigonia rosce Harr., Ins. Inj. to Veg., p. 199, 1842. 
 Typhlocyba pteridis Dahlb., Kongl. Vet. Akad. Handl. for 1850, p. 179. 
 Tettigonia rosce Harr., Kept. Ins. Mass., edn. 2, p. 182, 1852. 
 Typhlocyba lactea Dougl., Ent. Mo. Mag., xii, p. 77, 1875. 
 Anomia rosce Fieb., Revue d'Ent., iii, p. 124, 1884. 
 Tettigonia rosce Lint., 2nd Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 31, 1885. 
 Tettigonia rosce Lint., 6th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 166, 1890. 
 Tettigonia rosce Lint., 7th Kept, N. Y. St. Ent., p. 345, 1891. 
 Empoa rosce Lint., 8th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 256, 1893. 
 Typhlocyba rosce G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 112, 1895. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 771, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Lugg., Minn. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 69, p. 131, 1900. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Osb., 20th Kept, N. Y. St. Ent., p. 545, 1905. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Felt, 25th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 90, 1910. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Webs., Ent. News, xxi, p. 267, 1910. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Felt, Jl. EC. Ent., iv, p. 413, 1911. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Felt, 27th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., 1912. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Ess., Inj. Benef. Ins. Calif., p. 62, 1915. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 158, 1915. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Wils. & Childs, 2d Bien. Crop Pest Kept., Ore. Agr. Exp. Sta., p. 18, 
 1915. 
 
 Typhlocyba rosce Britt., Proc. Ent. Soc. Nova Scotia, No. 2, p. 48, 1916. 
 Typhlocyba rosce DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent. Bui. 17, p. 109, 1916. 
 Typhlocyba rosce Britt., Nova Scotia Col. Agr., Circ. 17, 1917.
 
 246 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Kmiioa rosce Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 710, ]<)17. 
 
 Empoa roscc Childs, Ore. Agr. Col. Exp. Sta., Bui. 148, 1918. 
 
 Empoa ro<r Lathr., Jl. EC. Ent., xi, p. 144, 1918. 
 
 Empoa row Lathr., N. Y. Agr. Col. Exp. Sta., Bui. 451, 1918. 
 
 Typhlocyba rosce McAt., Can. Ent., 1, p. 361, 1918. 
 
 Empoa rosce Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 119, 1919. 
 
 Empoa rosce Ack., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 199, p. 20, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, about 3.5 mm. Vertex one-third longer on middle than 
 next the eye, less than twice as wide as long. Pronotum less than twice 
 as wide as long, lateral margins long and broadening posteriorly, pos- 
 terior margin emarginate. Elytra very long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Uniformly white or yellowish-white except for dark eyes and 
 tarsal claws. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment twice as long as 
 the preceding, narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin truncate; pygofers 
 moderately broad, rather short, slightly exceeded by ovipositor, sparsely 
 spiny apically. Male, valve broad but very short, lateral margins strongly 
 narrowed posteriorly; plates long and narrow, lateral margins slightly 
 concave just before middle and rather strongly emarginate apically, the 
 black-tipped apices being divergent and curved dorsad; pygofers large, 
 touching the tips of the plates, with a small terminal dorsal tooth. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles very large, with a long cephalic 
 process, after which is a distinct dorsal process, the tip of which is 
 spiny, the terminal portion long and curving strongly apically; con- 
 nective short, with three basal processes, the inner one more pointed 
 than the outer two, the base broad; cedagus with a basal dorsally di- 
 rected process which is narrow and straight at first, then widening and 
 forming a large curving process running caudo-dorsad, terminal por- 
 tion long and slender, curving, deeply bifid into two processes whose 
 tips are suddenly narrowed and acute. 
 
 Distribution: This species is not as common in the state 
 as might be expected. It perhaps is distributed well over 
 the eastern part, but it is recorded as having been taken 
 only in Douglas and Pottawatomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: Childs gives the following as hosts of this species: 
 Wild and cultivated rose, apple, blackberry, raspberry, Logan- 
 berry, strawberry, dogwood, prune, cherry, and Cratsegus. 
 Gillette gives plum, cherry, currant, and grape in addition. 
 
 Genus HYMETTA McAtee. 
 
 This monotypic genus was lately erected by McAtee for 
 the species till lately known as Typhlocyba trifasciata, but 
 which Van Duzee placed under the genus Erythroneura in his 
 catalogue. It differs from the latter genus, however, in hav- 
 ing the scutellum thickened and distinctly elevated apically. 
 Moreover, the second apical vein is curved, reaching the mar- 
 gin at the exterior angle of the elytra and often nearly or
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 247 
 
 quite forming a stalk with the first apical vein. In Eryth- 
 roneura, on the other hand, the second vein clearly reaches the 
 posterior margin of the elytra and does not form a stalk with 
 the first apical vein. It agrees with the latter genus in having 
 the second apical cell oblong instead of stalked as in Typhlo- 
 cyba. 
 
 Hymetta trifasciata (Say). 
 
 (PI. 16, figs. 11-12.) 
 
 Tettigonia trifasciata Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 343 ; Compl. Writ., ii, p. 
 259. 
 
 Typhlocyba trifasciata Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 213, 1889. 
 Typhlocyba trifasciata Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 755, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba trifasciala Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 544, 1905. 
 Typhlocyba trifasciata DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 106, 1916. 
 Erythroneura trifasciata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 712, 1917. 
 Hymetta trifasciata McAt., Proe. Biol. Soc. Wash., xxxii, p. 121, 1919. 
 Erythroneura trifasciata Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 113, 1919. 
 
 Form: Rather robust, widest at the middle. Length, about 3 mm. 
 Head narrower than pronotum; vertex strongly produced, nearly twice 
 as long at middle as next the eye, about one-half wider than long. 
 Pronotum long, less than twice as wide as long, widest at lateral angles, 
 anterior margin strongly convex, lateral margins widening posteriorly, 
 posterior margin slightly concave. Elytra rather short and broad, 
 nearly truncate apically. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum creamy-yellow, elytra milky- 
 white. Vertex and pronotum often unmarked, former sometimes with 
 a pair of apical dashes and a pair of small circles on disc, red, besides 
 other red marks. Pronotum sometimes with reddish marks back of 
 the eyes and a red median line. Scutellum with tip always black. 
 Elytra more or less irrorate with red, with a broad brownish to reddish 
 transverse band just back of apex of scutellum, a faint smoky band, 
 bounded posteriorly near the costa by a red line, and another faint 
 band near the tip. Face pale, unmarked, or with a few reddish lines. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment about two-thirds as 
 wide as preceding segment, triangular, about three-fourths as long as 
 wide, the margins ccncavely tapering on the posterior two-thirds to the 
 blunt apex; pygofers rather stout, spiny along ovipositor, exceeded by the 
 latter. Male, valve broad but short, posterior margin truncate; plates 
 broad basally, suddenly narrowed just before the middle, then tapering 
 to acute upturned tips which exceed the short pygofers, margins with 
 three or four spines at point where plates are narrowed. 
 
 Internal male genitalia : Styles with long anterior process, widening 
 after union with connective, then narrowing again before their widest 
 portion just cephalad of the preapical lateral incision which is very deep 
 and U-shaped, the outer angle before the incision very prominent, the 
 terminal process quite narrow basally but widening apically into two 
 lateral teeth, the outer being longer and more pointed than the mesal 
 one, the apex distinctly concave; connective stout, U-shaped; oedagus with
 
 248 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 two pairs of slender and acute lateral processes and a large curved ter- 
 minal process, the blunt tip of which is serrate on the dorsal margin. 
 
 Distribution: Probably occurs throughout the eastern part 
 of the state. Reported from Dauglas, Pottawatomie and Riley 
 counties. 
 
 Hosts: Very common on grape and easily gathered from 
 leaves in winter. McAtee also gives hickory as a host. 
 
 Genus ERYTHRONEURA Fh. 
 
 The members of this genus are very similar to the members 
 of the genus Typhlocyba, but differ in having the second apical 
 cell of the elytra completely separating the first and third 
 apical cells. The hind wings lack a marginal vein and there 
 are but three sectors extending to the margin. 
 
 After studying the internal male genitalia of the material 
 available we find our state list to contain thirteen species and 
 five varieties of this genus. In this paper six of the varieties 
 have been given specific rank. 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. General color above yellowish or whitish. 
 B. Elytra with definite transverse bars. 
 
 C. Bands across pronotum and middle and apex of elytra. 
 
 tricincta. 
 CC. Broad brownish band across base of elytra. 
 
 basalaris. 
 BB. Elytra without definite transverse bands. 
 
 C. Species marked with red spots above. 
 
 D. Vertex and pronotum usually marked with red 
 spots. 
 
 E. Scutellum entirely red. rubroscuta. 
 
 EE. Scutellum not entirely red. 
 
 F. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellunr each 
 
 with a red spot. illinoiensis. 
 
 FF. Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum each 
 
 with several red spots, maculata. 
 
 DD. Vertex and pronotum usually marked with red 
 lines. 
 
 E. Scutellum black. scutelleris. 
 
 EE. Scutellum not black. 
 
 F. Elytra blood red to near the cross veins. 
 
 crevecceuri. 
 FF. Elytra with zigzag red or blood red 
 
 lines or spots. comes. 
 
 CC. Species marked with oblique red lines above. 
 D. Species yellowish, oblique lines distinct. 
 
 obliqua.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 249 
 
 A. General color above concluded. 
 
 DD. Species smoky or, if yellowish, with oblique lines 
 fused. 
 
 E. Species yellowish with broad dorsal stripe 
 running the length of the insect. 
 
 dorsalis. 
 EE. Species smoky, without dorsal stripe. 
 
 AA. General color dark above. 
 
 B. Reddish brown species. vulnerata. 
 
 BB. Species black above, marked with white. nigra. 
 
 Erythroneura tricincta Fh. 
 
 (PI. 16, figs. 15-16.) 
 
 Erythroneura tricincta Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 63, 1851. 
 Typhlocyba tricincta Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 213, 1889. 
 Typhlocyba tricincta G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 113, 1895. 
 Typhlocyba tricincta Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mns., xx, p. 753, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba tricincta Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 544, 1905. 
 Typhlocyba tricincta DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 104, 1916. 
 Erythroneura tricincla Van D., Cat. Hemip. X. A., p. 712, 1917. 
 Erythroneura tricincta Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 186, 1918. 
 Erythroneura trici-ncta Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 113, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, about 3 mm. Vertex strongly produced, nearly twice 
 as long on middle as next the eye, one-half wider than long. Pronotum 
 about twice as wide as long, anterior margin broadly convex, lateral 
 margins moderately long, slightly widening posteriorly, humeral margins 
 rounding into slightly concave posterior margin. Elytra moderately long, 
 widest at middle, giving insect oval outline. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum pale yellow, elytra whiter. 
 All but median anterior portion of pronotum, and usually base of scu- 
 tellum, with a red to black transverse band. Elytra with a broad red 
 band near middle, becoming black costally, and with a brown band api- 
 cally, and with transverse veins, red, and sometimes with red streaks 
 running backward from the middle band. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, posterior mar- 
 gin strongly medially produced; pygofers fairly robust, spiny along 
 mesal margin, exceeded by the ovipositor. Male, last ventral segment 
 concave posteriorly; valve large, longer than last ventral segment and 
 wide, closely appressed to plates; plates broad basally, then suddenly 
 narrowing and tapering to acute upturned and black-tipped apices, mar- 
 gins with three or four spines on basal third; pygofers fairly long, but 
 completely hidden by plates. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles long, anterior portion slender and 
 with straight margins, lateral margins broadly rounded after attachment 
 to connective, the style then narrowing till just before a sharp tooth on 
 the inner margin, after which it is of about the same width as before the 
 tooth to the broad two-cornered apex, between which it is slightly con- 
 cave distally; connective rather slender, cup-shaped; oedagus with a club- 
 shaped dorsal process near the base which has an anterior process at 
 about its middle, the main portion broad basally, then rapidly narrowed
 
 250 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 to the slender curving terminal portion, which is composed of two acutely- 
 pointed terminal straps. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Douglas, Potta- 
 watomie, Riley and Johnson counties. Probably occurs 
 throughout the eastern part of the state. 
 
 Hosts: This species is very common on grape. Often it is 
 nearly as injurious to its host plant as comes. It is also very 
 common in leaves in winter and is attracted in numbers to 
 
 lights in summer. 
 
 fcoWaH* (5037.). 
 
 Erythroneura ftubroscntaitrt Q UJ0 . 
 
 (PI. 17, figs. 5-6.) 
 
 Tettiffonia basalaris Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 344, 1825; Compl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 260. 
 
 Erythroneura affinis Fh., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 63, 1851. 
 
 Erythroneura basalaris Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ix, p. 317, 1864. 
 
 Typhlocyba affinis Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 213, 1889. 
 
 Typhlocyba comes var. basalaris Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 760, lfc98. 
 
 Typhlocyba comes var. basalari DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 107, 1916. 
 
 Typhlocyba comes var. basalaris Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 713, 1917. 
 
 Form: Like comes in size and structure. 
 
 Color: Yellowish, marked with blood brown. Vertex brownish, uni- 
 colorous, or marked with white median line and two white spots on either 
 side. Pronotum brownish, the anterior portion marked with white spots. 
 Scutellum with the basal angles darker than the tip. Elytra with the 
 basal third brownish or reddish, posterior half with faint reddish oblique 
 bands and with a black spot in the first apical cell. Face brownish, uni- 
 colorous, or marked with white median line or spots. 
 
 External genitalia: As in comes, except that leaving the pygofers at 
 about the middle of their dorsal margin, are two long and sinuate processes 
 whose acute tips considerably exceed the pygofers. These processes arise 
 from the thickened and chitinized margin of the pygofers, these margins 
 being thickest and giving off a slender branch that runs caudad into the 
 pygofers, just before the large processes leave the pygofers. Th; corre- 
 sponding processes in comes are U-shaped, and therefore these two 
 species are not to be confused. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Here, too, we see distinct differences from 
 comes. The styles, while of the same general form, differ strongly api- 
 cally, the upturned portion being much longer here, its sides running 
 straight to the short anterior or upper tooth, and to the much longer 
 lower one. The connective is much flatter than in comes, being very 
 broadly V-shaped and lacking the distinct stem at the apex as in comes. 
 The cedagus shows still greater differences. It curves broadly from the 
 connective and sends up a short dorsal process after the middle, which 
 curves caudad and then sends out an anterior and a pair of very slender 
 latero-caudal processes. Then it continues on backward, terminating in 
 a single, heavy, dorsally roughened and obtusely pointed process.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 251 
 
 Distribution: While undoubtedly occurring throughout the 
 eastern portion of the state, yet specimens have been recorded 
 only from Douglas and Pottawatomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: This species is very common in Douglas county on 
 wild gooseberry in the spring. In winter it is found hiber- 
 nating in leaves. 
 
 Erythroneura rubroscuta (Gill.) . 
 
 Typhlocyba rubroscuta Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 755, 1898. 
 Erythroneura rubroscuta Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 712, 19,17. 
 
 Form: Length, 3.25 mm. .Vertex about twice as long on middle as 
 next the eye, one-half wider than long, rather acutely pointed. Pronotum 
 about one-half longer than vertex, scarcely wider than head, less than 
 twice as wide as long, lateral margins longer than the humeral margins, 
 posterior margin clearly emarginate. Elytra long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Vertex pale yellow, tip and a basal spot near each eye usually 
 reddish. Pronotum varying from yellow, tinged with red, to bright red 
 with a large yellow median spot on anterior margin. Scutellum entirely 
 red or with a median rectangular paler portion. Elytra pale yellow with 
 broad red band just before tip of clavus which does not reach the costal 
 margin, and with base of costal margin and cross nervures reddish. Face 
 yellow, with reddish tinge. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment half longer than pre- 
 ceding, narrowed posteriorly, posterior margin with a large median lobe; 
 pygofers narrow, slightly exceeded by the black-tipped ovipositor, with 
 a few apical spines. Male, valve nearly as broad and fully as long as 
 last ventral segment, posterior margin very slightly emarginate; plates 
 over twice as long as the valve, lateral margins slightly concave medially, 
 with a few bristles in the concavity, apices subacute, exceeding the short 
 pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: This species has been taken only in Douglas 
 and Pottawatomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: The writer swept one specimen from Symphoricarpos 
 orbiculatus. Crevecoeur took many specimens hibernating in 
 
 leaves. 
 
 Erythroneura illinoiensis (Gill.). 
 
 (PI. 16, figs. 13-14.) 
 
 Typhlocyba illinoiensis Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 758, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba illinoiensw Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 545, 1905. 
 Typhlocyba illinoiensis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 109, 1916. 
 Erythroneura illinoiensis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 714, 1917. 
 Erythroneura illinoiensis Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 118, 1919. 
 
 Form: Long and slender, tapering at both ends. Length, 3 mm. Ver- 
 tex nearly twice as long on middle as next the eye, about one-half wider 
 than long. Pronotum long, scarcely twice as wide as long, anterior 
 margin broadly convex, lateral margins long and widening posteriorly,
 
 252 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 humeral margins fused with slightly concave posterior margin. Elytra 
 very long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Whitish or pale yellow. Vertex pale yellow with large red 
 spot just back of apex. Pronotum with similar spot in the middle. Tip 
 of scutellum with large red spot. Elytra whitish, irregularly marked 
 with pale yellow or reddish spots and each with three large black spots, 
 the largest one just later ad of the middle of the clavus, one near the 
 middle of the costal margin, and one at the base of the inner apical cell. 
 A red spot also on the mesopleurae. Any or all of the red spots may be 
 entirely absent or present only as yellowish spots. 
 
 External genitalia: About as in comes. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles of the general form of the other mem- 
 bers of the genus but with the broad apex distinctly convex between the 
 two terminal teeth. Connective stout, broadly U-shaped; oedagus broad 
 basally, with a small Y-shaped dorsally directed process at about its 
 middle, and terminating apically in a large obtusely pointed process be- 
 low which are two slender acutely pointed and terminally diverging strap- 
 like processes. 
 
 Distribution: While undoubtedly occurring over a large por- 
 tion of the eastern part of the state, the only specimens at hand 
 are from Douglas county. 
 
 Hosts: This is a very common species in Douglas county on 
 grape. 
 
 Erythroneura maculata (Gill.). 
 
 (PI. 17. figs. 3-4.) 
 
 Typhlocyba comes var. maculata Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 764, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba comes var. maculata Tuck., Kans. Univ. Sci/Bul., iv, p. 68, 1907. 
 Erythroneura comes var. maculata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 714, 1917. 
 
 Form: In size and structure like comes. 
 
 Color: Yellowish with bright red spots. Vertex with apical red spot 
 and transverse band on disc which is curved strongly caudad medially. 
 Pronotum with two broad red lateral lines and a broader, often Y-shaped 
 median stripe. Scutellum with red lines on margins near the base and 
 a large apical spot. Elytra with three spots on clavus, the first two often 
 fused, five spots on corium forming a zigzag line, and the transverse 
 veins, red. Face marked with red above. 
 
 External genitalia,: As in comes. The chitinous process on the dorsal 
 margin of the pygofers is, however, entirely different. It is not U-shaped 
 as in comes, but consists of a long process which for most of its length 
 is not in the pygofer, and which ends in two widely separated prominent 
 teeth. This difference alone is enough to justify its separation from 
 comes. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles for the most part as in comes, but the 
 terminal or upturned portion is much larger, the preapical tooth on the 
 mesal margin being much further back. The terminal tooth is always
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^E. 253 
 
 long, sometimes very long, thus also differing from comes. The connec- 
 tive is V-shaped. The oedagus is entirely different to that of comes. It 
 sends up a small dorsal process which has a small anteriorly directed por- 
 tion, while the terminal part is a large obtusely pointed and roughened 
 process, instead of being composed of two slender, curving, and acutely 
 pointed processes as in comes. Viewed dorsally, the oadagus consists of 
 a heavy portion terminating in three small lobes, the median one larger 
 than the outer, and a terminal, more slender portion. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens of this species seem to have been 
 taken only in Douglas and Riley counties. It is undoubtedly 
 distributed over much of the eastern part of the state. 
 
 Hosts: The specific host is unknown, all of our specimens 
 being taken when hibernating in leaves. 
 
 Erythroneura scutetteris (Gill.). 
 
 (PI. 17, fig. 7.) 
 
 Typhlocyba comes var. scutelleris Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 764, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba comes var. scutelleris Tuck., Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui., iv, p. 68, 1907. 
 Typhlocyba comes var. scutelleris DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, 'p. 108, 1916. 
 Erythroneura comes var. scutelleris Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 714, 1917. 
 
 Form: Size and structure of comes. 
 
 Color: Most of our specimens are yellowish except that the pos- 
 terior portion or most of the pronotum and all of the scutellum are 
 dark brown. Occasionally the head too is washed with brown. The 
 elytra are sometimes unmarked, and at times faintly marked with red 
 as in comes. The black spots near the middle of the costal margin and 
 just beyond the clavus are quite distinct and constant. 
 
 External genitalia: As in comes except for the chitinous process 
 of the dorsal margin of the pygofers of the male. In this species the 
 process is as in maculata but instead of ending in two rather short and 
 widely separated teeth, it terminates in two long teeth which are close 
 together, the dorsal one being slightly but distinctly longer than the 
 ventral. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Practically as in maculata except that the 
 small dorsal process of the oedagus has two small but distinct lateral 
 processes. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Douglas county. 
 It surely occurs in many more counties of the eastern part of 
 the state. 
 
 Hosts: Its definite host is unknown. DeLong reports beat- 
 ing it from grape and honey locust. It is also very common 
 at lights.
 
 254 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Erythroneura crevecceuri (Gill.). 
 
 Typhlocyba crevecoeuri Gill., Proc. U. 8. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 767, 1898. 
 I-'.riithroneura crevecceuri Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 716, 1917. 
 
 Form: Length, 3 to 3.5 mm. Vertex nearly twice as long on the 
 middle as next the eye, one-half wider than long, obtusely angled apically. 
 Pronotum one-half longer than the vertex, widest at the lateral angles, 
 lateral margins long, humeral margins shorter, posterior margin slightly 
 emarginate. Elytra long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Vertex and pronotum yellow, with two broad longitudinal red 
 lines which sometimes widen enough to cover the vertex. Scutellum 
 entirely red or blackish. Elytra red up to tip of clavus, yellow beyond 
 except for reddish veins, the base of costal margin more or less yellow. 
 Middle portion of reddish area usually smoky in color. Face and be- 
 neath yellow, marked with reddish. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, narrowing 
 posteriorly, posterior margin with a prominent median lobe; pygofers 
 robust, slightly exceeded by the black-tipped ovipositor, very sparsely 
 spined. Male, valve broad, as long or longer than last ventral seg- 
 ment, posterior margin truncate or slightly emarginate; plates about 
 twice as long as valve, lateral margins concave near middle and spined 
 in the concavity, subacute apices exceeding the pygofers. 
 
 Distribution: Our specimens were taken in Douglas and 
 Pottawatomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: The writer has taken specimens of this species from 
 grape. It is also found hibernating in leaves. 
 
 Erythroneura comes (Say.). 
 
 (PI. 17, figs. 1-2.) 
 
 Tettigonia comes Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 343, 1825; Compl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 259. 
 
 Typhlocyba comes Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 213, 1889. 
 Typhlocyba comes G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. Ill, 1895. 
 Typhlocyba comes Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 759, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba comes Sling., Corn. Univ. Exp. Sta., Bui. 215, 1904. 
 Typhlocyba comes Smith, Rept. N. J. Agr. Col. Exp. Sta., p. 651, 1904. 
 
 Typhlocyba comes Quaint., U. S. Dept. Agr., Farme 
 Typhlocyba comes Quayle, Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bu 
 Typhlocyba comes Quayle, Jl. EC. Ent., i, p. 182, 1 
 Typhlocyba comes Quayle, Calif. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bu 
 
 Typhlocyba com 
 Typhlocyba com 
 Typhlocyba com 
 Typhlocyba com 
 Typhlocyba com 
 Typhlocyba com 
 Typhlocyba co 
 Typhlocyba com 
 Typhlocyba com 
 Typhlocyba com 
 
 Hartz., N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bu 
 Johns., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. En 
 
 s Bui. 284, p. 19, 1907. 
 192, p. Ill, 1907. 
 
 . 198, 1908. 
 
 . 331, p. 568, 1910. 
 
 ., Bui. 97, pt. i, 1911. 
 
 Hartz., N. Y. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 344, 1912. 
 
 Sand., Ins. Pests of Farm, Garden and Orchard, p. 520, 1912. 
 
 O'Kane, Inj. Ins., p. 311, 1912. 
 
 Johns., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 116, pt. i, 1912. 
 
 Johns., U. S. Dept. Agr., Bur. Ent., Bui. 19, 1914. 
 
 Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 156, 1915. 
 
 Ess., Inj. Benef. Ins. Calif., edn. 2, p. 64, 1915. 
 
 DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 106, 1916. 
 
 Erythroneura comes Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 712, 1917. 
 Erythroneura comes Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xviii, p. 186, 1918. 
 Erythroneura comes Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 114, 1919.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID>E. 255 
 
 Form: Length, 2.75 to 3 mm. Vertex over one-half longer at middle 
 than next the eye, nearly one-half longer than wide. Pronotum twice 
 as wide as long, anterior margin strongly convex, lateral margins long 
 and gradually widening posteriorly, humeral margins indistinct, fusing 
 with slightly concave posterior margin. Elytra long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Pale yellow. Vertex with two longitudinal red lines, often 
 meeting apically, thus forming an inverted V. Pronotum with two 
 lateral lines and a median Y-shaped line, red. Basal angles of scutellum 
 red. Elytra marked with red, clavus with red band along claval suture, 
 widened at base and extending to the elytral suture at about the middle 
 of the clavus, also a red spot at tip of clavus; corium with a long red 
 line, narrow basally, then suddenly widening and reaching to claval 
 suture and again reaching toward apical claval spot, finally ending in the 
 red transverse nervures, laterally reaching to costal black spot at about 
 the middle of costal margin, with a black spot on inner margin just 
 beyond tip of clavus and another, often lacking, in second apical cell, 
 the apical portion of the elytra often smoky. The above markings all 
 vary greatly in intensity, being light in the summer and becoming 
 brighter and darker in the fall and winter. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment large, triangular, 
 posterior margin strongly produced medially, slightly concave on either 
 side of the obtuse apex; pygofers moderately robust, with a row of 
 spines on either side of the usually black-tipped ovipositor which slightly 
 exceeds the pygofers. Male, valve large, broad, posterior margin trun- 
 cate or slightly concave; plates wide basally, suddenly narrowed and 
 spiny at basal third, then gradually narrowed to upturned and usually, 
 black tips which slightly exceed the pygofers. The latter bear a U- 
 shaped chitinous process on the dorsal margin near the apex, of which 
 the lower tooth is the larger. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles long, with long anterior portion nearly 
 parallel-margined, a lateral constriction opposite swollen place of attach- 
 ment to connective, then widening laterally to widest point, again nar- 
 rowing and then slightly widened just before lateral preapical incision, 
 tips turned outward, ending in two acute points, the outer the larger, 
 between which the end is slightly concave, and with a large tooth on the 
 mesal margin a short distance back of the apex; connective V-shaped, 
 stout, the apex with a distinct dorsally directed portion; cedagus sending 
 up an anterior process a short distance from the base, which expands 
 dorsally and shows, when viewed dorsally, an anterior tooth and two 
 pairs of lateral processes, the anterior ones more slender and more acute 
 than the shorter but much stouter posterior pair, the apex quite obtuse. 
 Then the main or posterior part curves dorsad and divides into two slen- 
 der and acute processes, the tips of which are seen one on either side of 
 the bifid apex of the anterior process.
 
 256 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: Occurs throughout the state where wild or cul- 
 tivated grapes are found. The following map shows where 
 specimens have been taken : 
 
 Hosts: The nymphs seem to be confined to the grape. On 
 this host it is of great economic importance, as shown by the 
 bulletins listed in the above bibliography. The adults, how- 
 ever, are known to feed on almost any host that happens to be 
 convenient. It is frequently found on various trees, grasses, 
 and shrubs, though the grape is the favorite plant. 
 
 Erythroneura comes var. ziczac Walsh. 
 
 Erythroneura ziczac Walsh, Proc. Bost. Soc. Nat. Hist., ix, p. 317, 1864. 
 Typhlocyba ziczac Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 214, 1889. 
 
 Typhlocyba comes var. ziczac. Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 761, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba comes var. ziczac Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 156, 1915. 
 Typhlocyba comes var. ziczac DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 107, 1916. 
 Erythroneura cornea var. ziczac Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 713, 1917. 
 Erythroneura comes var. ziczac Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 116, 1919. 
 
 Form: Like comes in size and structure. 
 
 Color: Pale yellow, marked with red and reddish-brown. Vertex with 
 two reddish longitudinal lines. Pronotum with lateral margins and a Y 
 on disc reddish or blood-brown. Scutellum with basal angles and tip 
 blood-brown. Elytra with a zigzag blood-brown line on basal half of 
 clavus, then to black spot at about middle of costal margin, from there 
 to dark spot just beyond apex of clavus, and then as a smoky band nearly 
 reaching black spot near tip of wing, the edges of this line and the spots 
 on tip of clavus sometimes red, as in comes. 
 
 External genitalia: As in comes. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: There seem to be slight differences between 
 the oedagus of this and typical comes, but seemingly not enough to make it 
 a distinct species.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^). 257 
 
 Distribution: Should occur throughout the eastern portion 
 of the state wherever its host occurs. Specimens are at hand 
 from Douglas county. 
 
 Hosts: Our specimens were all taken from Ampelopsis quin- 
 quefolia. Gillette records it as sometimes occurring on grape. 
 
 Erythroneura comes var. vitis (Harr.). 
 
 lettigonia vitis Harr., Encyc. Am., viii, p. 43, 1831. 
 
 Erythroneura vitis Ph., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 63, 1851. 
 
 Erythroneura vitis Saund., Ins. Inj. to Fruits, p. 286, fig. 297, 1883. 
 
 Typhlocyba vitis Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 213, 1889. 
 
 Typhlocyba comes var. vitis GUI., Proe. U. S. Nat. Mus., xx, p. 761, 1898. 
 
 Typhlocyba comes var. vitis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 107, 1916. 
 
 Erythroneura comes var. vitis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 713, 1917. 
 
 Form: Like typical comes in size and structure. 
 
 Color: Head yellow, vertex sometimes marked with reddish lines or 
 the base reddish. Pronotum with anterior portion yellowish, remainder 
 reddish or blood-brown, the lateral margins often brighter. Base of 
 elytra reddish, followed by a yellow transverse bar, back of which is a 
 large red spot which reaches the black spots on the costal margin, the 
 interior of this spot often being brownish-red. Back of this spot is an- 
 other yellow transverse band which reaches just beyond the red transverse 
 veins. The apex of the elytra is smoky with a black spot in the second 
 apical cell. 
 
 External genitalia: As in typical comes. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Very much as in typical comes. The oadagus, 
 however, seems to show some differences, which, should further study re- 
 veal as constant, would justify us in advancing this variety to specific 
 rank. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens of this variety have been taken in 
 Douglas, Pottawatomie and Riley counties. It of course has a 
 larger distribution in the state than this indicates. 
 
 Hosts : Our specimens were taken on grape. 
 
 Erythroneura comes var. infuscata (Gill.). 
 
 Typhlocyba comes var. infuscata Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 764, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba comes var. infuscata DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 108, 1916. 
 Erythroneura comes var. infuscata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 714, 1917. 
 Erythroneura comes var. infuscata Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 116, 1919. 
 
 Form: In size and structure like typical comes 
 
 Color: Yellowish. With a dark blood-brown band starting at apex of 
 vertex, gradually widening on head and pronotum, and forming zigzag 
 bands on the elytra. Most of costal margin of elytra yellow, and on each 
 elytron are three yellow spots around the reddish tip of the clavus. 
 
 External genitalia: As in typical comes. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: The terminal tooth of the styles seems to be 
 
 17 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 258 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 distinctly longer than in typical comes. Should this prove to be constant, 
 this variety ought to be recognized as a distinct species. At present, 
 however, we do not have enough material at hand to enable us to deter- 
 mine this point. 
 
 Distribution: There are specimens in the Snow collection 
 from Douglas county and from Kansas City, Mo. 
 Hosts: Unknown. 
 
 Erythroneura comes var. coloradensis (Gill.). 
 
 Typhlocyba vitiff.r var. coloradensis Gill., Colo. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 19, p. 16, 1892. 
 Typhlocyba vitijex var. coloradensis G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 113, 1895. 
 Typhlocyba coloradensis Cock., N. M. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 19, p. 114, 1896. 
 Typhlocy'ba comes var. coloradensis Gill., Proc. U. S. Nail. Mus., xx, p. 763, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba comes var. coloradensis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 108, 1916. 
 Erythroneura comes var. coloradensis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 714, 1917. 
 
 Form: In size and structure like typical comes. 
 
 Color: Yellowish. Vertex with large red spot or unmarked. Prono- 
 tum with red lines on lateral margins and a V-shaped mark on middle or 
 unmarked. Scutellum with two large black basal spots, the anterior por- 
 tion showing through the pronotum. Elytra marked much as in typical 
 comes, though the markings on the corium are usually less distinct. The 
 three black spots of the elytra are usually very distinct. Tip of oviposi- 
 tor black. 
 
 External genitalia: As in typical comes 
 
 Internal male genitalia: These show some fairly distinct differences 
 from those of typical comes yet in many respects they are so alike that it 
 does not now seem wise to give this variety specific rank. The styles 
 seem to be more slender, especially the part just before the broadly ex- 
 panded apex. The oedagus seems to lack the terminal process of the 
 dorsal expansion of the anterior process. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Douglas and 
 Sedgwick counties. It undoubtedly occurs throughout the 
 eastern part of the state. 
 
 Hosts: Our specimens were taken on grape. 
 
 Erythroneura obliqua (Say). 
 
 (PI. 17, figs. 10-11.) 
 
 Tettigonia obliqua Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 342, 1825; Compl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 259. 
 
 Erythroneura obliqua Ph., Homop. N. Y. St. Cab., p. 63, 1851. 
 Typhlocyba obliqua Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 213, 1889. 
 Typhlocyba obliqua G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 112, 1895. 
 T.i/phlocyba obliqua Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 756, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba obliqua Osb., 20th Kept. N. Y. St. Ent., p. 545, 1905. 
 Typhlocyba obliqua Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 155, 1915. 
 Typhlocyba obliqua DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 105, 1916. 
 Enjlhroitfura obliqua Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 714, 1917. 
 Krytl,r<,,'i,ra obliqua Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., xvjii, p. 186, 1918. 
 Erythroneura obliqua Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 117, 1919.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID^. 259 
 
 Form : Length, 3 mm. Vertex one-half longer on middle than next the 
 eye, one-half wider than long. Pronotum twice as wide as long, anterior 
 margin strongly convex, lateral margins moderately long and widening 
 posteriorly. Elytra long and narrow. 
 
 Color: Vertex, pronotum, and scutellum pale yellowish, elytra whitish. 
 Vertex with two broad red lines which meet at the apex and then extend 
 back across the pronotum. Scutellum red except for yellow median line 
 on basal half. Elytra with oblique reddish or orange lines on clavus and 
 on disc, and with the basal portion of costal margin red. Face marked 
 irregularly with reddish which sometimes covers the front and the clypeus. 
 
 External genitalia: Female, last ventral segment long, produced 
 posteriorly into a large obtuse median lobe, on either side of which the 
 margins are distinctly concave; pygofers robust, slightly exceeded by the 
 black-tipped ovipositor. Male, valve large, quadrate, posterior margin 
 slightly concave; plates broad basally, margins suddenly harrowed near 
 base and spiny at this point, apices upturned and acute. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles large, widest at point of attachment 
 to connective and just before upturned apex, between which it is slightly 
 narrowed, the terminal claw very characteristic, being large, curving, and 
 pointed mesad; connective V-shaped, its arms about of equal thickness 
 throughout; cedagus, when viewed laterally, with long anterior arm to 
 connective, a pair of delicate ventral processes, a stout but tapering me- 
 dian process and a large dorsal process of which the anterior two-thirds 
 projects cephalad. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Cherokee, Doug- 
 las, and Pottawatomie counties. It probably occurs through- 
 out the eastern portion of the state. 
 
 Hosts: Found very commonly on grape and hibernating in 
 leaves. 
 
 Erythroneura obliqua var. ncevus (Gill.)* 
 
 Typhlocyba obliqua var. naevus Gill., Proc. U. S. Xatl. Mus., xx, p. 757, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba obliqua var. na-vus Tuck., Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui., iv, p. 68, 1907. 
 Typhlocyba obliqua var. wo>r DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 105, 1916. 
 Erythroneura obliqua var. nacvus Van D., Cat. Hemip. X. A., p. 715, 1917. 
 
 Form : In size and structure like typical obliqua. 
 
 Color: Just like typical obliqua except that the scutellum has the 
 basal angles black or is entirely black, and the pronotum often has the 
 posterior margin darkened. 
 
 External genitalia: As in typical obliqua. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Agree in every particular with typical 
 obliqua. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Douglas and 
 Pottawatomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: Usually taken on grapevines.
 
 260 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Erythroneura dorsalis (Gill.). 
 
 (PI. 17, fig. 14.) 
 
 Typhlocyba obliqua var. dorsalis Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 757, 1898. 
 Typhlocyba obliqua var. dorsalis Van D., Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., ii. p. 57, 
 1914. 
 
 Typhlocyba obliqua var. dorsalis DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 105, 1916. 
 Erythroneura obliqua var. dorsalis Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 715, 1917. 
 Erythroneura obliqua var. dorsalis Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 118, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 3 mm. Like obliqua except that vertex seems to be pro- 
 portionally longer. 
 
 Color: Yellowish or whitish, with a broad dark red stripe running 
 the length of the insect to the smoky apical cells of the elytra. In addi- 
 tion the costal margin of the wing, especially basally, is reddish, and 
 there are one or two dark spots before the transverse veins, just outside 
 of the red discal stripe. The face is red except for two broad white 
 stripes just below the margin of the vertex and whitish spots on the 
 lorae. 
 
 External genitalia : As in obliqua. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles as in obliqua except apically where 
 they are entirely different, for instead of having one long curving apical 
 tooth, there are two much shorter and practically straight ones; connec- 
 tive V-shaped and as in obliqua; oedagus very different from that of the 
 latter for the dorsal process is very much smaller, the main terminal 
 process is more slender, and has two apical and curving lateral processes, 
 and in addition the base of the oedagus bears a pair of very large and 
 conspicuous horn-like processes which extend -laterad. The pair of small 
 ventral processes are present as in obliqua. 
 
 Distribution: The only specimens at hand are from Douglas 
 county. 
 
 Hosts: Grape seems to be the common host of this species. 
 
 The very clear differences in the tips of the styles and in the 
 whole structure of the oedagus, show clearly that this cannot 
 possibly be a variety of obliqua. Its genitalia are very char- 
 acteristic and seem to be very constant, the specimens dissected 
 agreeing in every particular, as did those of typical obliqua 
 among themselves. 
 
 Erythroneura fumida (Gill.). 
 
 (PI. 17, figs. 8-9.) 
 
 Typhlocyba obliqua var. fumida Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 758, 1898. 
 Erythroneura obliqua var. fumida Van D., Trans. San Diego Soc. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 57, 
 1914. 
 
 Typhlocyba obliqua var. fumida DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 105, 1916. 
 Erythroneura obliqua var. fumida Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 715, 1917. 
 
 Form: Length, 3 mm. Like obliqua, except that vertex seems rela- 
 tively shorter. 
 
 Color: Yellowish, but smoky throughout. Vertex and pronotum un-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADELLID.-E. 261 
 
 marked or with the red bands as in obliqua. Elytra marked as in 
 obhqua, though faintly, or the reddish coloration evenly diffused over the 
 anterior two-thirds. 
 
 External genitalia: As in typical obliqua. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Very different from that of typical obliqua. 
 Syles very broad just before the very characteristic slender terminal 
 tooth; connective V-shaped; oedagus with an anterior dorsal process 
 which expands horizontally and a very large and stout terminal process 
 which terminates in two small lateral teeth. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens are at hand from Douglas and 
 Pottawatomie counties. 
 
 Hosts: The writer has taken this species by the hundreds 
 from wild gooseberry in the spring. It is also reported from 
 grape. 
 
 The very characteristic styles, and especially the cedagus, 
 show such great differences from the corresponding organs in 
 typical obliqua, that it is certain that the two forms cannot be- 
 long to the same species. Accordingly this variety is here 
 given specific rank. 
 
 Erythroneura vulnerata Fh. 
 
 (PI. 17, figs. 12-13.) 
 
 Erythroneura vulnerata Fh., Homop. X. Y. St. Cab., p. 62, 1851. 
 Typhlocyba vulnerata Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 213, 1889. 
 Typhlocyba vulnerata G. & B., Hemip. Colo., p. 113, 1895. 
 Typhlocyba vulnerata Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx. p. 764. 1898. 
 Typhlocyba vulnerata Osb., 20th Kept. X. Y. St. Ent., p. 545, 1905. 
 Typhlocyba vulnerata Osb., Me. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 238, p. 156, 1915. 
 Tiiphlocyba vulnerata DeL., Tenn. St. Bd. Ent., Bui. 17, p. 110, 1916. 
 Erythroneura vulnerata Van D.. Cat. Hemip. X. A., p. 715, 1917. 
 Erythroneura vulnerata Fent., Ohio Jl. Sci., p. 186, 1918. 
 Erythroneura vulnerata Lathr., S. C. Agr. Exp. Sta., Bui. 199, p. 114, 1919. 
 
 Form: Length, 2.5 to 3 mm. Vertex nearly twice as long on middle as 
 next the eye, over one-half wider than long. Pronotum long, scarcely 
 twice as wide as long, anterior margin strongly convex, posterior margin 
 slightly concave. Elytra moderately long. 
 
 Color: Whitish, marked with reddish or brownish. Vertex, pronotum, 
 and scutellum dull reddish, but with distinct white median line and lateral 
 white lines or spots on the vertex and pronotum. Elytra whitish, 
 strongly marked with red on clavus and corium, the costal margin in the 
 main white, the apex strongly smoky. 
 
 External genitalia: Practically like obliqua, though the plates of the 
 male seem usually to be more produced and acute apically. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles of about the form characteristic of the 
 tribe, the terminal upturned portion long, posterior terminal tooth long, 
 anterior one very short; connective V-shaped; oedagus widening pos- 
 teriorly into a very broad, three-pointed organ, the lateral points longer
 
 262 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 than the middle one, also with a small dorsal process extending backward 
 from before the apex. 
 
 Distribution: Found in the eastern part of the state, as 
 shown by the following map : 
 
 Hosts: Gillette gives Virginia creeper, grape and Clematis 
 as hosts for this species. 
 
 Erythroneura nigra (Gill.). 
 
 (PI. 17, fig. 15.) 
 
 Typhlocyba vitlnerata var. niger Gill., Proc. U. S. Natl. Mus., xx, p. 765, 1898. 
 Erythroneura vultitrata var. nigra Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 716, 1917. 
 
 Form: Length, 2.5 to 2.75 mm. Vertex over one-half longer on middle 
 than next the eye, one-half wider than long.' Pronotum long, less than 
 twice as wide as long. Elytra moderately long. 
 
 Color: Black or dark brown above, marked with white. Vertex with 
 median line and a pair of short lateral lines, white. Pronotum with short 
 white median line on anterior part, usually a pair of lateral spots, and 
 sometimes several white spots along anterior margin. Elytra with large 
 white spot just back of the scutellum, tip of clavus and transverse veins 
 usually light and broad, the white costal band on posterior two-thirds 
 interrupted near the middle and apically. Face pale yellow. 
 
 External .genitalia : As in vulnerata. 
 
 Internal male genitalia: Styles with long apical portion, posterior 
 tooth longer than anterior; connective V-shaped; oedagus dividing api- 
 cally into an anterior and a posterior process, the latter ending in an 
 obtuse apex with a dorsal and two ventral small processes. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens of this species have been taken in 
 Cherokee, Douglas, Pottawatomie, and Hodgeman counties. 
 
 Hosts: Unknown, probably grape. 
 
 The great differences between the oedagus of this species 
 and vulnerata preclude the possibility of their belonging to the 
 same species.
 
 Explanation of Plates. 
 
 (263)
 
 PLATE II. 
 Agalliopsis novella 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Caudal view. 
 
 3. Anal tube collar. 
 
 4. Style. 
 Agallia 4-puncta,ta 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Dorsat view of connective and styles. 
 Agallia constricta 
 
 7. Lateral view. 
 
 8. Ventral view of connective and cedagus. 
 
 9. Ventral view of style. 
 
 10. Anal tube collar. 
 Aceratagallia cinerea 
 
 11. Lateral view. 
 
 12. Ventral view of style. 
 
 13. Ventral view of connective and oedagus. 
 
 (264)
 
 PLATE II.
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 Aceratagallia uhleri 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Ventral view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 
 3. Dorsal view of styles, connective and cedagus. 
 
 4. Anal tube collar. 
 Aceratagallia sanguinolenta 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Dorsal view of styles, connective and oedagus. 
 
 7. Ventral view of a style. 
 
 8. Anal tube collar. 
 Idiocerus snowi 
 
 9. Lateral view. 
 
 10. Anal tube collar. 
 
 11. Ventral view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 
 (266)
 
 PLATE III. 
 
 (267)
 
 PLATE IV. 
 Idiocerus pallidus 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Ventral view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 
 3. Anal tube collar. 
 Idiocerus verticis 
 
 4. Lateral view. 
 
 5. Ventral view of style and connective. 
 
 6. Anal tube collar. 
 Idiocerus nervatus 
 
 7. Lateral view. 
 
 8. Ventral view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 
 9. Anal tube collar. 
 
 (268)
 
 PLATE IV. 
 
 (269)
 
 PLATE V. 
 Bythoscopus apicalis 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Ventral view of plates and part of connective. 
 
 3. Ventral view of oedagus. 
 
 4. Remainder of connective. 
 Oncopsis distinctus 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Ventral view of styles, connective and oedagus. 
 Macropsis virdis 
 
 7. Lateral view. 
 
 8. Ventral view of styles, connective and oadagus. 
 
 9. Anal tube collar. 
 
 (270)
 
 PLATE V. 
 
 (271)
 
 PLATE VI. 
 Aulacizes irrorata 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Styles and connective. 
 
 3. Caudal view of oadagus. 
 Homalodisca triquetra 
 
 4. Lateral view. 
 
 5. Caudal view of cedagus. 
 
 6. Dorsal view of styles and connective. 
 
 (272)
 
 PLATE VI. 
 
 (273) 
 
 18 Sci. Bui. 3018
 
 PLATE VII. 
 Oncometopia undata 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Dorsal view of styles and connective. 
 
 3. Plate, showing chitinized style attachment. 
 Kolla bifida 
 
 4. Lateral view. 
 
 5. Ventral view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 
 Kolla hartii 
 
 6. Lateral view. 
 
 7. Ventral view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 
 (274)
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 Oncometopia lateralis 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Styles and connective. 
 Graphocephala coccinea 
 
 3. Lateral view. 
 
 4. Ventral view of styles, connective and oedagus. 
 
 Kolla geometrica 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Ventral view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 
 (276)
 
 PLATE VIII. 
 
 (277)
 
 PLATE IX. 
 Cicadella hieroglyphica 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Styles and connective. 
 
 3. Ventral view of oedagrus. 
 Cicadella atrojmnctata 
 
 4. Lateral view. 
 
 5. Ventral view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Drseculacephala mollipes 
 
 6. Lateral view. 
 
 7. Ventral view of styles, connective and oedagus. 
 Drxculacephala reticulata 
 
 8. Lateral view. 
 
 9. Ventral view of styles, connective and oedagus. 
 
 (278)
 
 PLATE IX. 
 
 (279)
 
 PLATE X. 
 Gypona 8-lineata 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Ventral view of styles, connective and oadagus. 
 Helochara communis 
 
 3. Lateral view. 
 
 4. Ventral view of styles, connective and oedagus. 
 Xerophlcea viridis 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Ventral view of styles, connective and oedagus. 
 
 (280)
 
 PLATE X. 
 
 (281)
 
 PLATE XI. 
 Scaphoidcus immistus 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Dorsal view of style, connective and adagus. 
 Platymetopins cinereus 
 
 3. Lateral view. 
 
 4. Style and connective. 
 Platymetophis acutus 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Style and connective, latter without one terminal process. 
 
 7. Ventral view of oedagus. 
 Platymetopius frontalis 
 
 8. Lateral view. 
 
 9. Styles and connective. 
 
 (282)
 
 PLATE XI. 
 
 (283)
 
 PLATE XII. 
 
 Deltocephalus inimicus 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Deltocephalus flavicosta 
 
 3. Lateral view. 
 
 4. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Deltocephalus a/finis 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 Deltocephalus sayi 
 
 7. Lateral view. 
 
 8. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 Eimceiis exitiosus 
 
 9. Lateral view. 
 
 10. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 
 (284)
 
 PLATE XII. 
 
 10 
 
 (285)
 
 PLATE XIII. 
 
 Euscelis bicolor 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Dorsal view of style, connective and oadagus. 
 Eutettix strobi 
 
 3. Lateral view. 
 
 4. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Eutettix seminudus 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 Eutettix cinctiis 
 
 7. Lateral view. 
 
 8. Dorsal view of style, connective and oadagus. 
 
 (286)
 
 PLATE XIII. 
 
 (287)
 
 PLATE XIV. 
 
 Phlepsius irroratus 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 Acinopterus acuminatus 
 
 3. Lateral view. 
 
 4. Dorsal view of plate, style and connective. 
 Thamnotettix clitellarius 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Dorsal view of style, connective and oadagus. 
 Thamnotettix longulus 
 
 7. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 Chlorotettix spatulatus 
 
 8. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 
 (288)
 
 PLATE XIV. 
 
 (289) 
 
 1!) Sri. Hul. 3058
 
 PLATE XV. 
 Jassus olitorius 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Dorsal view of plates, styles, connective and cedagus. 
 Cicadula -punctifrons var. repleta 
 
 3. Lateral view. 
 
 4. Dorsal view of plate, style, connective and cedagus. 
 Cicadula 6-notata 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 
 (290)
 
 PLATE XV. 
 
 (291)
 
 PLATE XVI. 
 
 Balclutha punctata 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Balchitha impicta 
 
 3. Lateral view. 
 
 4. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Eugnathodus abdorninalis 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Empoasca mali 
 
 7. Lateral view. 
 
 8. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Typhlocyba rosse 
 
 9. Lateral view. 
 
 10. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Hymetta trifasciata,^- 
 
 11. Lateral view. 
 
 12. Dorsal view of styles, connective and oedagus. 
 Eryth roneura illinoiensis 
 
 13. Lateral view. 
 
 14. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 Erythroneura tricincta 
 
 15. Lateral view. 
 
 16. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 
 (292)
 
 PLATE XVI. 
 
 13 
 
 15 
 
 16 
 
 (293)
 
 PLATE XVII. 
 Erythroneura comes 
 
 1. Lateral view. 
 
 2. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Erythroneura maculata 
 
 3. Lateral view. 
 
 4. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 Erythroneura basalaris 
 
 5. Lateral view. 
 
 6. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus. 
 Erythroneura scutelleris 
 
 7. Dorsal view of style, connective and oedagus and lateral view 
 
 of process in dorsal margin of pygofer. > 
 
 Erythroneura fumida 
 
 8. Lateral view. 
 
 9. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Erythroneura obliqua 
 
 10. Lateral view. 
 
 11. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Erythroneura vulnerata 
 
 12. Lateral view. 
 
 13. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Erythroneura dorsalis 
 
 14. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 Erythroneura nigra 
 
 15. Dorsal view of style, connective and cedagus. 
 
 (294)
 
 PLATE XVII. 
 
 fT 
 
 If 
 
 
 13 14 
 
 .^3 
 
 15 
 
 (295)
 
 INDEX. 
 
 abdominalis, Eugnathodus 
 
 abnormis, Dikraneura 
 
 Aceratagallia \\ 
 
 cinerea [[' ' gj 
 
 Key to species .'.'.'"' 
 
 sanguinolenta 59 
 
 uhleri ' '.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'.'. '. 60 
 
 Acinopterus 207 
 
 acuminatus 207 
 
 acuminatus var. viridis 208 
 
 Aconura Ig3 
 
 argenteolus ' ] 64 
 
 Key to species 164 
 
 robusta '. 164 
 
 Acucephalini 108 
 
 Key to genera 108 
 
 acuminatus, Acinopterus 207 
 
 acutus, Platymetopius 132 
 
 affinis, Deltocephalus 150 
 
 Agallia 56 
 
 constricta 57 
 
 Key to species 56 
 
 quadripunctata 56 
 
 Agalliopsis 55 
 
 novella 55 
 
 albidus, Deltocephalus 140 
 
 albidus, Eutettix 185 
 
 albolinea, Empoasca 241 
 
 alboneura, Empoasca 241 
 
 albostriella, Alebra 236 
 
 Alebra 236 
 
 albostriella 236 
 
 albostriella var. fulveola .236 
 
 Aligia 186 
 
 modesta 186 
 
 alternatus, Idiocerus 66 
 
 altus, Phlepsius 198 
 
 americana, Penthimia 101 
 
 angulifera, Draeculacephala 98 
 
 anthracinus, Euscelis 
 
 apertus, Phlepsius 204 
 
 apicalis, Bythoscopus 
 
 areolatus, Deltocephalus 141 
 
 areolatus, Phlepsius 
 
 argenteolus, Aconura 
 
 atropunctata, Cicadella 
 
 Auchenorhynchi 
 
 Aulacizes 
 
 irrorata 
 
 auronitens, Scaphoideus 125 
 
 Balclutha 
 
 impicta 
 
 Key to species 
 
 punctata 
 
 (297)
 
 298 INDEX. 
 
 balli, Deltocephalus 160 
 
 basalaris, Erythroneura 250 
 
 bicolor, Euscelis 177 
 
 bifida, Kolla 89 
 
 bilineatus, Deltocephalus 139 
 
 Birds, natural enemies 26 
 
 bracteatus, Hecalus 117 
 
 brittoni, Thamnotettix 210 
 
 brunneus, Parabolocratus 122 
 
 Bythoscopinae 54 
 
 Key to genera 54 
 
 Bythoscopus 70 
 
 apicalis % 71 
 
 Key to species 70 
 
 laetus 71 
 
 Candida, Neocoelidia 226 
 
 catalina, Lonatura 161 
 
 Chlorotettix 217 
 
 galbanatus 222 
 
 Key to species 217 
 
 necopinus 218 
 
 spatulatus .- 219 
 
 tunicatus 222 
 
 unicolor 220 
 
 viridius 221 
 
 vividus 221 
 
 Cicadella 84 
 
 atropunctata 87 
 
 gothica 87 
 
 hieroglyphica 85 
 
 hieroglyphica var. dolobrata 86 
 
 hieroglyphica var. uhleri 86 
 
 Key to species 85 
 
 occatoria 88 
 
 Cicadellidae, subfamilies 54 
 
 Cicadellinse 77 
 
 Key to genera 77 
 
 Cicadula 226 
 
 Key to species 226 
 
 lepida 229 
 
 punctifrons 227 
 
 punctifrons var. repleta 227 
 
 sexnotata 229 
 
 variata 228 
 
 ciliatus, Thamnotettix 214 
 
 cinctus, Eutettix 184 
 
 cinerea, Aceratagallia 61 
 
 cinerea, Gypona 105 
 
 cinereus, Phlepsius 203 
 
 cinereus, Platymetopius 134 
 
 cinerosus, Scaphoideus 131 
 
 Climatic conditions as natural enemy 28 
 
 clitellarius, Thamnotettix 211 
 
 collinus, Deltocephalus 149 
 
 collitus, Phlepsius 202 
 
 coloradensis, Erythroneura comes var 258 
 
 coloradensis, Mesamia 188 
 
 comes, Erythroneura 254 
 
 compactus, Deltocephalus * 156 
 
 coccinea, Graphocephala 94 
 
 comma, Euscelis 175
 
 INDEX. 299 
 
 FA0I 
 
 communis, Helocnara Q2 
 
 consobrina, Memnonia 109 
 
 constricta, Agallia 
 
 crataegi, Idiocerus 
 
 crevecoeuri, Erythroneura ... . . 
 
 crocea, Macropsis 
 
 Curly-leaf 
 
 curtisii, Euscelis " ' ' 17g 
 
 debilis, Deltocephalus 14g 
 
 decorus, Phlepsius 195 
 
 Deltocephalus 
 
 affinis ................'.. '. 150 
 
 albidus 140 
 
 areolatus . . 
 
 bam :.:::::::::::::::::: ; i 6 o 
 
 bilineatus 139 
 
 collinus \' t ' 149 
 
 compactus 156 
 
 debilis ; 148 
 
 flavicosta 153 
 
 inflatus '. 142 
 
 imputans 141 
 
 inimicus 157 
 
 Key to species 137 
 
 minimus 146 
 
 misellus 145 
 
 obtectus 155 
 
 oculatus 151 
 
 osborni 158 
 
 parvulus , 147 
 
 punctatus 159 
 
 reflexus 143 
 
 sayi 144 
 
 signatifrons 146 
 
 sonorus 160 
 
 sylvestris 152 
 
 visendus 142 
 
 weedi 154 
 
 Dicyphonia 1' 
 
 ornata 1 ( '3 
 
 Dikraneura 237 
 
 abnormis . . 237 
 
 fieberi 
 
 Key to species 
 
 distinctus, Oncopsis 
 
 dolobrata, Cicadella hieroglyphica var 
 
 dorsalis, Erythroneura 
 
 dorsalis, Platymetopius 
 
 Dorycephalus 
 
 Key to species 
 
 platyrhynchus 
 
 vanduzei 
 
 Draeculacephala 
 
 angulifera 
 
 Key to species 
 
 mollipes 
 
 noyeboracensis 
 
 reticulata 
 
 Driotura 
 
 gammaroidea 
 
 gammaroidea var. fulva
 
 300 INDEX. 
 
 Key to species 165 
 
 robusta 166 
 
 duzeei, Idiocerus 69 
 
 Economic importance 10 
 
 Egg-deposition 22 
 
 Empoasca 239 
 
 albolinea 241 
 
 alboneura 241 
 
 flavescens 244 
 
 Key to species 239 
 
 mali 242 
 
 obtusa 240 
 
 trifasciata 240 
 
 erythrocephala, Macropsis 74 
 
 Erythroneura 248 
 
 basalaris 250 
 
 comes 254 
 
 comes var. coloradensis 258 
 
 comes var. infuscata 257 
 
 comes var. vitis 257 
 
 comes var. ziczac 256 
 
 crevecoeuri 254 
 
 dorsalis 260 
 
 fumida 260 
 
 illinoiensis 251 
 
 Key to species ' 248 
 
 maculata 252 
 
 obliqua 258 
 
 obliqua var. noevus 259 
 
 nigra 262 
 
 rubroscuta 251 
 
 scutelleris 253 
 
 tricincta 249 
 
 vulnerata 261 
 
 Eugnathodus 234 
 
 abdominalis 234 
 
 Eupteryx 245 
 
 Euscelis 167 
 
 anthracinus 173 
 
 bicolor 177 
 
 comma 175 
 
 curtisii 176 
 
 exitiosus 169 
 
 extrusus 172 
 
 Key to species 167 
 
 magnus 168 
 
 obtutus 178 
 
 parallelus 171 
 
 striatulus 174 
 
 striolus 170 
 
 uhleri 173 
 
 Eutettix 179 
 
 albidus 185 
 
 cinctus 184 
 
 Key to species 179 
 
 pictus 180 
 
 seminudus 181 
 
 strobi 182 
 
 tenellus 180 
 
 excultus, Phlepsius 194 
 
 exitiosus, Euscelis 1 9
 
 INDEX. 301 
 
 r M... 
 
 extrusus, Euscelis 172 
 
 fieberi, Dikraneura ' 237 
 
 fitchi, Idiocerus 63 
 
 fitchii, Thamnotettix 215 
 
 flavescens, Empoasca : 244 
 
 flavicosta, Deltocephalus [ 153 
 
 flavidus, Parabolocratus 122 
 
 fraterna, Memnonia . 109 
 
 frontalis, Platymetopius 135 
 
 fulva, Driotura gammaroidea var 166 
 
 fulveola, Alebra albostriella var 236 
 
 fulvidorsum, Phlepsius 205 
 
 fumida, Ery throneura 260 
 
 galbanatus, Chlorolettix 222 
 
 gammaroidea, Driotura 165 
 
 geometrica, Kolla 90 
 
 gleditschise, Macropsis 76 
 
 gothica, Cicadella 87 
 
 Geographical distribution 30 
 
 Graphocephala 93 
 
 coccinea 94 
 
 Key to species 93 
 
 versuta 95 
 
 Gypona 101 
 
 cinerea 105 
 
 Key to species 102 
 
 melanota ' 103 
 
 octo-lineata 
 
 pectoralis 104 
 
 puncticollis 
 
 Gyponinse 100 
 
 Key to genera 100 
 
 hartii, Kolla 91 
 
 Hecalus 116 
 
 bracteatas 
 
 Key to species 
 
 lineatus 117 
 
 Helochara 
 
 communis ' 
 
 Hibernation 
 
 hieroglyphica, Cicadella 
 
 Homalodisca 
 
 triquetra 
 
 Hopperburn 
 
 Hymetta 
 
 trifasciata **< 
 
 Idiocerus 
 
 alternatus 
 
 cratsegi 
 
 duzeei 
 
 fitchi 
 
 Key to species 
 
 moniliferae 
 
 nervatus 
 
 pallidus 
 
 provancheri 
 
 ramentosus 
 
 snowi 
 
 nituralis 
 
 verticis 'OKI 
 
 illitoiensis, Erythroneura
 
 302 INDEX. 
 
 immistus, Scaphoideus 129 
 
 impicta, Balclutha 233 
 
 imputans, Deltocephalus 141 
 
 incisus, Phlepsius 198 
 
 inflatus, Deltocephalus 142 
 
 inimicus, Deltocephalus 157 
 
 infuscata, Erythroneura comes var 257 
 
 inornatus, Thamnptettix 212 
 
 intricatus, Scaphoideus 128 
 
 irrorata, Aulacizes 78 
 
 irroratus, Phlepsius 199 
 
 Jassinae 108 
 
 Key to tribes 108 
 
 Jassini 112 
 
 Key to genera 112 
 
 Jassus 223 
 
 olitorius 223 
 
 jucundus, Scaphoideus 126 
 
 kennicotti, Thamnotettix 210 
 
 Kolla 89 
 
 bifida 89 
 
 geometrica 90 
 
 hartii 91 
 
 Key to species , 89 
 
 te aetus, Bythoscopus 71 
 
 lascivius, Phlepsius 197 
 
 lateralis, Oncometopia 83 
 
 Length of adult stage 24 
 
 lepida, Cicadula 229 
 
 Life history 22 
 
 limbata, Oncometopia lateralis var 84 
 
 lineatus, Hecalus 117 
 
 lobatus, Phlepsius : 202 
 
 Lonatura 161 
 
 catalina -. 161 
 
 Key to species 161 
 
 nebulosa 163 
 
 noctivaga 162 
 
 longulus, Thamnotettix 212 
 
 Macropsis 72 
 
 crocea 74 
 
 erythrocephala 74 
 
 gleditschise 76 
 
 Key to species 72 
 
 suturalis 74 
 
 trimaculata 73 
 
 tristis 73 
 
 viridis 75 
 
 maculata, Erythroneura 252 
 
 magnus, Euscelis 168 
 
 majestus, Phlepsius 191 
 
 Male internal genitalia 44 
 
 mali, Empoasca 242 
 
 melanogaster, Thamnotettix 214 
 
 melanota, Gypona 103 
 
 melanotus, Scaphoideus 130 
 
 Memnonia 108 
 
 consobrina 109 
 
 fraterna 109 
 
 Key to species 109
 
 INDEX. 303 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Mesamia 
 
 coloradensis 
 
 186 
 
 188 
 
 Key to species 
 
 nigridorsum 
 
 straminea 
 
 vitellina ..........'.'. 189 
 
 mexicana, Spangbergiella U9 
 
 minimus, Deltocephalus 14g 
 
 misellus, Deltocephalus .........' 
 
 Mites, natural enemies 
 
 modesta, Aligia ' 186 
 
 mollipes, Draeculacephala 97 
 
 Molting 24 
 
 moniliferae, Idiocerus (5 
 
 Morphology ' ' 49 
 
 Natural enemies 26 
 
 nebulosa, Lonatura ','.'.'.'. 163 
 
 nebulosus, Phlepsius 205 
 
 necopinus, Chlorotettix ' \ . ' 218 
 
 Neocoelidia 225 
 
 Candida 226 
 
 Key to species 225 
 
 tumidifrons 225 
 
 nervatus, Idiocerus 70 
 
 nigra, Erythroneura 262 
 
 nigridorsum, Mesamia 187 
 
 nigrifrons, Thamnotettix 216 
 
 Nionia . 112 
 
 palmeri 112 
 
 noctivaga, Lonatura 162 
 
 noevus, Erythroneura obliqua var 259 
 
 noveboracensis, Draeculacephala 99 
 
 novella, Agalliopsis 55 
 
 Number of eggs 23 
 
 Number of generations 25 
 
 Nymphs 23 
 
 obliqua, Erythroneura ' 258 
 
 obtectus, Deltocephalus 155 
 
 obtusa, Empoasca 
 
 obtutus, Euscelis . 178 
 
 occatoria, Cicadella 88 
 
 octo-lineata, Gypona 
 
 oculatus, Deltocephalus 
 
 CEdagus 
 
 olitorius, Jassus 
 
 Oncometopia 
 
 Key to species 
 
 lateralis 
 
 lateralis var. limbata . . . 
 
 undata 
 
 Oncopsis 
 
 distinctus 
 
 >rnata, Dicyphonia 
 
 osborni, Deltocephalus 
 
 ovatus, Phlepsius 
 
 pallidulus, Thamnotettix 
 pallidus, Idiocerus .... 
 
 palmeri, Nionia 
 
 Parabolocratus 
 
 brunneus 
 
 flavidus . . 122
 
 304 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Key to species 120 
 
 viridis 120 
 
 parallelus, Euscelis 171 
 
 Parasitic fungi 28 
 
 Parasitic insects .^ 27 
 
 Paropinse !" 54 
 
 parvulus, Deltocephalus 147 
 
 pectoralis, Gypona 1C4 
 
 Penthimia 101 
 
 americana 101 
 
 perspicillatus, Thamnotettix 213 
 
 pictus, Eutettix 180 
 
 Phlepsius 190 
 
 altus 198 
 
 apertus 204 
 
 areolatus 193 
 
 cinereus 203 
 
 collitus 202 
 
 decorus 195 
 
 excultus : 194 
 
 fulyidorsum 205 
 
 incisus 198 
 
 irroratus 199 
 
 Key to species 190 
 
 lascivius 197 
 
 lobatus 202 
 
 majestus 191 
 
 nebulosus 4 205 
 
 ovatus 196 
 
 punctiscriptus 203 
 
 solidaginis 206 
 
 spatulatus 192 
 
 superbus 193 
 
 truncatus 201 
 
 turpiculus 199 
 
 Platymetopius 131 
 
 acutus 132 
 
 cinereus 134 
 
 dorsalis . 132 
 
 frontalis 135 
 
 Key to species 132 
 
 scriptus 136 
 
 platyrhynchus, Dorycephalus 115 
 
 Predaceous insect enemies 27 
 
 productus, Scaphoideus 127 
 
 provancheri, Idiocerus . . . . , 64 
 
 pulicarius, Xestocephalus 110 
 
 punctata, Balclutha 231 
 
 punctatus, Deltocephalus 159 
 
 puncticollis, Gypona 105 
 
 punctifrons, Cicadula 227 
 
 punctiscriptus, Phlepsius 203 
 
 quadripunctata, Agallia 56 
 
 ramentosus, Idiocerus f5 
 
 Recognition of the Cicadellidse 53 
 
 repleta, Cicadula punctifrons var 227 
 
 reflexus, Deltocephalus 143 
 
 reticulata, Drseculacephala 99 
 
 robusta, Aconura 164 
 
 robusta, Driotura 166 
 
 rosse, Typhlocyba 245
 
 INDEX. 305 
 
 rubroscuta, Erythroneura . 251 
 
 sanctus, Scaphoideus ' 125 
 
 sanguinolenta, Aceratagallia 
 
 sayi, Deltocephalus ^44 
 
 scalaris, Scaphoideus 
 
 Scaphoideus 124 
 
 auronitens ' 125 
 
 cinerosus j 3 j 
 
 immistus ' ' ' | \ 129 
 
 intricatus 128 
 
 jucundus 126 
 
 Key to species '. 124 
 
 melanotus 130 
 
 productus ' , ' 127 
 
 sanctus 125 
 
 scalaris 127 
 
 scriptus, Platymetopius 136 
 
 scutelleris, Erythroneura 253 
 
 seminudus, Eutettix 181 
 
 sexnotata, Cicadula 229 
 
 signatifrons, Deltocephalus 146 
 
 snowi, Idiocerus 64 
 
 solidaginis, Phlepsius 206 
 
 sonorus, Deltocephalus 160 
 
 Spangbergiella 118 
 
 mexicana 119 
 
 vulnerata 119 
 
 spatulatus, Chlorotettix 219 
 
 spatulatus, Phlepsius 192 
 
 Spiders, natural enemies 26 
 
 straminea, Mesamia 188 
 
 striatulus, Euscelis 174 
 
 striolus, Euscelis 170 
 
 strobi, Eutettix 182 
 
 Style-oedagus connective 45 
 
 Styles ' ' 45 
 
 superbus, Phlepsius 
 
 superbus, Xestocephalus Ill 
 
 suturalis, Idiocerus >. . . 
 
 suturalis, Macropsis 
 
 sylvestris, Deltocephalus 
 
 Systematic Position of Cicadellidae 
 
 tenellus, Eutettix 
 
 tessellatus, Xestocephalus 
 
 Thamnotettix 209 
 
 brittoni 
 
 ciliatus 
 
 clitellarius 
 
 fitchii 
 
 inornatus 
 
 kennicotti 
 
 Key to .species 
 
 longulus 
 
 melanogaster 
 
 nigrifrons 
 
 pallidulus... 
 
 perspicillatus 
 
 tricincta, Erythroneura 
 
 trifasciata, Empoasca 
 
 trifasciata, Hymetta 
 
 trimaculata, Macropsis 
 
 20 Sc-i. Bui. 3058
 
 306 INDEX. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 triquetra, Homalodisca 80 
 
 tristis, Macropsis 73 
 
 truncatus, Phlepsius 201 
 
 tumidifrons, Neocoelidia 225 
 
 tunicatus, Chlorotettix 222 
 
 turpiculus, Phlepsius 199 
 
 Typhlocyba 245 
 
 rosae 245 
 
 Typhlocybini 235 
 
 Key to genera 235 
 
 uhleri, Aceratagallia 60 
 
 uhleri, Cicadella hieroglyphica var 86 
 
 uhleri, Euscelis 173 
 
 undata, Oncometopia 81 
 
 unicolor, Chlorotettix 220 
 
 vanduzei, Dorycephalus 116 
 
 variata, Cicadula 228 
 
 versuta, Graphocephala 95 
 
 verticis, Idiocerus 67 
 
 viridis, Acinopterus acuminatus var 208 
 
 viridis, Macropsis 75 
 
 viridis, Parabolocratus 120 
 
 viridis, Xerophloea 106 
 
 viridius, Chlorotettix 221 
 
 visendus, Deltocephalus 142 
 
 vitellina, Mesamia 189 
 
 vitis, Ery throneura comes var 257 
 
 vividus, Chlorotettix 221 
 
 vulnerata, Erythroneura 261 
 
 vulnerata, Spangbergiella 119 
 
 weedi, Deltocephalus 154 
 
 Xerophloea 106 
 
 viridis 106 
 
 Xestocephalus 110 
 
 Key to species 110 
 
 pulicarius , 110 
 
 superbus Ill 
 
 tessellatus Ill 
 
 ziczac, Erythroneura comes var 2o5
 
 THE 
 
 KANSAS UNIVERSITY 
 SCIENCE BULLETIN 
 
 VOL. XII, No. 2 MARCH 15, 1920 
 
 (Whole Series, Vol. XXII, No. 2.) 
 
 CONTENTS: 
 
 THE CicABiDjE OF KANSAS. 
 
 By P. P. Lawson. 
 
 PUBLISHED BY THE UNIVERSITY 
 LAWRENCE, KAN. 
 
 Entered at the post office in Lawrence as second-class matter.
 
 KANSAS STATE PRINTING PLANT 
 
 IMRI ZUMWALT, STATB PRINTER 
 
 TOPEKA. 1920
 
 THE KANSAS UNIVERSITY 
 SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 VOL. XII, No. 2.] MARCH 15, 1920. [ 
 
 The Cicadidae of Kansas. 
 
 BY P. B. LAWSON. 
 
 For several years the writer has been interested in the 
 Homopterous fauna of Kansas. He has in recent years written 
 systematic papers on the Coccidte and Cicadellidse found in the 
 state, and after working on the latter family, found himself 
 much interested in the Homoptera-Auchenorhynchi as a group. 
 
 In looking over the material belonging to this group in the 
 Snow collections, he found that a very representative collec- 
 tion of cicadas was on hand and at once became interested in 
 studying them. Most of this material had been gathered and 
 arranged by Mr. R. H. Beamer, formerly assistant curator of 
 the Snow collections. He himself had intended to publish on the 
 group, but just as he was about ready to undertake the work, 
 he gave up active work in entomology, and so his material fell 
 into the writer's hands. The writer wishes therefore to ac- 
 knowledge his indebtedness to him and also to Mr. Wm. T. 
 Davis, who not only identified all the material sent him by Mr. 
 Beamer' and myself, but also sent me for study other specimens 
 necessary for the prosecution of the work. 
 
 In the Journal of the New York Entomological Society, Vol. 
 xxvi, Nos. 3 and 4, 1918, Mr. Davis published a paper on the 
 cicadas of Mississippi. In this paper he records eighteen 
 species from that state and remarks on this relatively large 
 number of species within a single state. Records show that 
 twenty-one species have been taken in Kansas, and specimens 
 of these are now in the Snow collection. A pair of Tibicen 
 resonans was very kindly given us by Mr. Davis for the collec- 
 
 Received for publication, March 1, 1920. 
 
 (309)
 
 310 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 tion as this species has been taken only a single time in the 
 state. 
 
 It is very likely that with more thorough and extensive col- 
 lecting several more species will be found in Kansas. The 
 writer has been greatly impressed with the number of cicadas 
 that apparently reach one of the limits of their geographical 
 distribution in the state. Thus the Kansas members of the 
 western genus Okanagana seem to reach their eastern limit in 
 the state. Similarly the eastern and southern genus Tibiclna 
 seems to reach its western limit with us. Various members of 
 the genus Tibicen also just enter Kansas. Thus we have T. bi- 
 fidus reaching eastward into the western counties. The eastern 
 T. pruinosa seems to be very common in eastern Kansas but 
 does not occur in the western part. The eastern and southern T. 
 lyricen seems to reach its northwestern limit in the southeast- 
 ern counties of our state. The southern T. vitripennis reaches 
 its northern limit in the southern counties. The relatively 
 eastern T. marginalis is found in the eastern two-thirds of the 
 state, while the closely related T. dealbata evidently does not 
 go much further east than central Kansas. Again, T. linnei 
 seems to reach its western limit with us while T. superba and 
 T. eugraphica are not found further north. Proarna venosa 
 likewise finds its northern boundary in the state, and Tibici- 
 noides hespcrius is confined to the western counties and likely 
 reaches its eastern limits with us. 
 
 This convergence in one state of so many species of varied 
 distribution is undoubtedly due to its central geographical posi- 
 tion, to the extremes of its rainfall, and to its varying eleva- 
 tion. Thus the eastern part of the state is distinctly mesophy- 
 tic, starting with an elevation of 800 feet and with an average 
 rainfall of as high as 45 inches. This condition gradually 
 changes as one goes west over the gradually rising and drier 
 portions of the state, till at its western border the elevation has 
 reached 3,600 feet and the average rainfall has decreased to as 
 low as 16 inches. With this change one finds a corresponding 
 change both in the flora and fauna which is very evident even 
 to the casual observer, at least as far as the flora is concerned. 
 This latter change, combined with those causes which produce 
 it, is undoubtedly responsible for the variety of insect forms 
 and their distribution in the state, for it has repeatedly been 
 found that in many if not all groups of insects, the eastern and
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^. 311 
 
 western faunas meet somewhere in the central portions of our 
 state. This condition seems to prevail in spite of the fact that 
 most life zone maps show nearly all of the state as belonging 
 to the Upper Austral while just a few southeastern counties 
 come into the northern limits of the Lower Austral. 
 
 An attempt has been made in this paper to start on a study 
 of various structural characters to determine their importance 
 as aids in systematic work. Thus a beginning has been made 
 in the study of the ovipositors of the species occurring in the 
 state. Much more work will be necessary before one could be 
 dogmatic about their value, but at present it seems certain 
 that in some cases at least the ovipositors are characteristic of 
 the species. The writer hopes to continue this study with a 
 larger series of each species as well as with more species and 
 give his results in a future paper. Similarly the study of the 
 last ventral segments of both sexes will in some cases reveal 
 good taxonomic characters. 
 
 The form of the descriptions here given will also be rather 
 new, but the attempt has been made to bring this form more 
 into harmony with that used to describe the members of the 
 other families of the same group. It is hoped that this might 
 be an aid in the study of these families.
 
 312 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Characteristics of the Cicadidae. 
 
 The Cicadidaz are a very interesting family belonging to the 
 Homoptera-Auchenorhynchi, this group being distinguished 
 from the Homoptera-Sternorhynchi by having the beak arising 
 from the lower part of the head instead of apparently arising 
 from between the prothoracic legs, as in the latter group. 
 
 To the Homoptera-Auchenorhynchi belong five families, of 
 which the Cicadidse are easily the largest insects. Aside, how- 
 ever, from their relatively larger size, there are very distinct 
 and characteristic structural differences between this family 
 and the others. Thus the members of the Cercopidse and Cica- 
 dellidsR usually have their fore wings distinctly thicker than the 
 hind wings, whereas in the Cicadidss both pairs of wings are 
 similar in texture. The antenna? of some of the Fulgoridse 
 are very irregular and peculiar in form, while those of the Cica- 
 dids are always setiform. Rarely do the members of the other 
 families, the Aphididse excepted, ever have three ocelli, this 
 being a distinct characteristic of the Cicadidse. The front 
 femora also of these insects are quite characteristic, being 
 thickened and toothed beneath. Finally the group is charac- 
 terized by having males which are musical, so that each species 
 has its peculiar song, a condition unknown in any other 
 Homoptera.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^:. 3ia 
 
 Systematic Treatment of the Kansas Species. 
 
 Van Duzee in his catalogue has divided the Cicadidx into 
 three subfamilies, each of which is represented by one or more 
 genera in Kansas. The following is his key to these sub- 
 families : 
 
 KEY TO SUBFAMILIES. 
 
 Tympanal coverings present in the male, 1. 
 Tympanal coverings absent in the male. 
 
 Subfamily 3 Tibicininse (Dist.) 
 1. Tympanal coverings entirely concealing the orifices. 
 
 Subfamily 1 Tibiceninse Van D. 
 
 Tympanal coverings imperfect, leaving the orifices more or less ex- 
 posed. Subfamily 2 Cicadinee Van D. 
 
 Subfamily TIBICENIN^ Van D. 
 
 The members of this subfamily are distinguished from those 
 of the other two subfamilies by having the tympanal coverings 
 entirely concealing the tympanal orifices. Most of our cicadas 
 belong here. 
 
 The genus Tibicen is the only genus belonging to the Tibi- 
 ceninse, that is represented in our Kansas fauna. 
 
 Genus TIBICEN Latr. 
 
 This genus contains species that vary much in size, ranging 
 from very large to rather small forms. They all, however, 
 have characteristically broad heads and their opaque abdomens 
 taper regularly behind. The mesonotum completely covers the 
 middle of the metanotum and the tympanal orifices of the male 
 are completely hidden by the tympanal coverings. The oper- 
 cula are large and usually are close together or overlap me- 
 dially. 
 
 This is by far the largest genus in Kansas, fourteen of the 
 twenty-one species of the state belonging here. These may be 
 separated by the following key : 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Large, heavy bodied species; uncus simple. 
 
 B. Uncus distinctly longer than broad, not triangular. 
 C. Uncus long, slender and curved, bifid apically. 
 
 bifida.
 
 314 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 A. Large, heavy bodied species concluded. 
 
 CC. Uncus broader, with broadly rounded apex. 
 
 D. Species light, not strongly marked with black; 
 
 apex of wings strongly infuscated. superba. 
 DD. Species dark, strongly marked with black; apex o f 
 wings slightly infuscated. 
 
 E. Hind margin of pronotum or collar greenish. 
 F. Larger species, averaging 30 mm. or 
 over in length, and with a distinct lon- 
 gitudinal black band on under side of 
 the abdomen. 
 
 G. Margin of fore wings not bent; 
 opercula broad, broadly rounded 
 behind; males usually with atten- 
 uated pruinose stripe on dorsum 
 of third segment. pruinosa. 
 GG. Margin of fore wings suddenly 
 bent near the middle; opercula 
 narrowed apically and more angu- 
 late behind. linnei. 
 
 FF. Smaller species, averaging about 25 mm. 
 in length and without a distinct longi- 
 tudinal black band on the under side of 
 the abdomen. aurifera 
 
 EE. Hind margin of pronotum or collar blackish. 
 
 lyricen . 
 
 BB. Uncus usually about as wide as long, usually triangular, but 
 with the apex often truncate. 
 
 C. Wings long and slender; a large ferrugineous and black 
 
 species. resonuns. 
 
 CC. Wings broader; species greenish and black. 
 
 D. Very large species, expanding over 110 mm. Flaps 
 
 of wings gray. auletes 
 
 DD. Smaller species, seldom expanding 110 mm. Flaps 
 of wings usually with yellowish or orange tinge. 
 E. Fore wings with cross veins between R. and 
 R.i+r, and between the latter and Mi distinctly 
 darkened. Posterior margins of abdominal 
 terga not lighter. 
 
 F. Abdominal terga with a dorsal row of 
 pruinose spots; uncus somewhat tri- 
 angular, apex obtuse. dorsata. 
 FF. Abdominal terga without dorsal prui- 
 nose spots; uncus broadly truncate api- 
 cally. resh. 
 EE. Fore wings with cross veins between R- ( and 
 R^.-, and between the latter and Mi not at all 
 or slightly darkened. Posterior margin of 
 abdominal terga lighter. 
 F. Head broad, wings rather narrow; ab- 
 dominal terga without dorsal pruinose 
 spots and not strongly pruinose later- 
 ally, marginalia 
 FF. Head narrower, wings broader; ab- 
 dominal terga with dorsal row of prui- 
 nose spots and strongly pruinose later- 
 ally, dealbata.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^. 315 
 
 A A. Small species; uncus wishbone shaped. 
 
 B. Orange and black species; arms of uncus strongly curved and 
 widely separated apically, arms of ventral piece stout when 
 viewed caudally. cugraphica. 
 
 BB. Green and black species; arms of uncus straighter and not 
 as widely separated apically, arms of ventral piece slender 
 when viewed caudally. vitripennis. 
 
 Tibicen bifidus (Davis). 
 
 (PI. xxi, figs. 1-2; pi. xxv, fig. 4; pi. xxvi, fig. 9; pi. xxvii, fig. 13.) 
 Cicada bijida Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiv, p. 47, 1916. 
 Tibicen bifidus Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 489, 1917. 
 
 A black and yellowish-brown species of medium size. Specimens at 
 hand measure from 25 to 29 mm. 
 
 Color: Head black, with the following marked with yellowish-brown, 
 sometimes tinged with green: The antennal ledges, a triangular spot in 
 front of ocelli, a spot of varying size just in front of this, and irregular 
 spots along the caudal margin laterad of the ocelli. Pronotum yellowish- 
 to brownish-green, pruinose in spots, with a large black median T-shaped 
 or triangular spot extending from the collar to the head, which often con- 
 tains a yellowish-green spot. The grooves are blackened in varying de- 
 gree and often have black spots between them. Collar with black spots in 
 the humeral angles and often some between these and the median spot. 
 Mesonotum black, often pruinose in spots, with the W-shaped mark and 
 the sides yellowish-green, as is also the cruciform elevation, the anterior 
 arms of the latter almost touching the W. Abdominal terga black with 
 the sides brownish-yellow, the last tergum being almost wholly light, with 
 a faint dorsal row of pruinose spots and often with pruinose markings 
 laterally. Wings with the branches of the veins nearly all black, the 
 costal margin and the bases of the veins, radius and extreme base of 
 media excepted, yellowish-brown; cross veins between R, and R* + 5 and be- 
 tween latter vein and Mi distinctly darkened. Basal areoles of fore 
 wings with dark dash; flaps of both wings whitish, those of fore wings 
 often with an orange tinge. Beneath nearly unicolorously yellowish- 
 brown except for darker head. Legs, especially prothoracic pair, streaked 
 with dark. 
 
 Form : The following are the measurements in millimeters of the speci- 
 mens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 25 to 29 
 
 Width of head 9 to 9.5 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 71 to 74 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 11.5 to 12.5 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 6 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 9 
 
 The opercula are fully half as long as the abdomen, overlapping nearly 
 two-thirds their length, then evenly narrowing on both margins to the 
 subacute apices. 
 
 Genitalia: Supra-anal plate of male with small, stout, median process 
 and with the lateral angles rounded. The uncus, when viewed laterally.
 
 316 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 is long and slender and strongly curved and when viewed caudally is 
 widest at the base, then narrowed till near the broadened and distinctly 
 bifid apex. The ventral piece is strongly U-shaped, the arms stout, 
 slightly notched apically, and connected with membranous tissue till 
 near their apices. The last ventral segment of the male is over one-half 
 longer than wide, lateral margins nearly straight, the posterior margin 
 distinctly but not deeply emarginate. The pygofers of the female have 
 a strong median process. The last ventral segment is broadly notched 
 posteriorly nearly one-third the distance to the base. Each of the lateral 
 pieces of the ovipositor bears about fourteen teeth or ridges, at least in 
 the specimen examined, of which the basal ones are small and far apart, 
 the median four or five being quite large, and the terminal four small and 
 crowded. 
 
 Distribution: The specimens at hand were taken in the west- 
 ern part of the state in Morton, Hamilton, Logan and Finney 
 counties. In the collection of the Kansas State Agricultural 
 College are specimens from Logan and Riley counties. Outside 
 of Kansas this species is reported to occur in Colorado, Utah 
 and Arizona. The following map shows its distribution in 
 Kansas as far as is now known : 
 
 Remarks: Of the large number of specimens at hand four 
 are paratypes. 
 
 Tibicen superba (Fh.). 
 
 (PI. xxi, flgs. 3-4; pi. xxiv. fig. 4; pi. xxvi, fig. 12; pi. xxvii, fi ? . 18.) 
 Cicada superba Fh., Trans. N. Y. St. Agr. Soc., xiv, (1854), p. 745, 1855. 
 Cicada superba Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 152, 1892. 
 Tibicen superba Van D., Cat. Hemip. X. A., p. 494, 1917. 
 
 A fairly large insect of a beautiful greenish-buff color, sparingly 
 marked with black. Specimens at hand measure from 30 to 33 mm. 
 
 Color: Head greenish-buff with a broad transverse black band between 
 the eyes and two small black spots at the base of the front. Pronotum in
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^E. 317 
 
 our specimens is entirely greenish-buff. Mesonotum of the same color 
 with black spots as follows: A pair between the arms of the W, a 
 small triangular pair laterad of these, a still smaller pair just above base 
 of fore wings, and a small spot mesad of the tips of the anterior arms 
 of the cruciform elevation. Abdominal terga not as green as the rest 
 of the body, with small pruinose spots laterally at the base of the first 
 segment and with the base of the second segment sometimes narrowly 
 black. The wings are distinctly smoky apically, the veins being olive-green 
 basally, becoming brown apically. The cross veins between R, and R^ 
 and between the latter and M, are strongly and widely infuscate. The 
 basal areoles of the fore wings are greenish anteriorly. The flaps of 
 both wings are dark gray. Beneath the insect is brownish or buff and 
 entirely pruinose. The legs are of the same color as the underside, dis- 
 tinctly striped and slightly darkening apically. 
 
 Farm: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 30 to 33 
 
 Width of head 13.5 to 13.75 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 86 to 90 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 12 to 12.5 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 6.5 to 7 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 9.5 to 10 
 
 The opercula are distinctly longer than wide, the lateral margins are 
 slightly sinuate, the mesal margins slightly overlap, and the posterior 
 margins are rounded but with the mesal portion distinctly longer and 
 straighter than the outer part. 
 
 Genitalia : Supra-anal plate of male with a stout median tooth which 
 exceeds the rounded lateral angles. The uncus, viewed laterally, is dis- 
 tinctly curved and widens distally to the obtuse apex. Viewed caudally 
 it is. a large sclerite nearly twice as long as wide, scarcely narrowing to 
 the broadly rounded apex, and with the usual depression on the dorsal 
 part of its caudal aspect. The ventral piece has its arms widely but not 
 deeply separated. The last ventral segment of the male is distinctly less 
 than twice as wide as long and is strongly rounded posteriorly. The py- 
 gofers of the female have a stout and rather short median spine which 
 exceeds the obtusely angulate lateral angles. The last ventral segment 
 of the female has the lateral margins distinctly sinuate, the posterior mar- 
 gin with a broad angular emargination which reaches half way to the 
 base. The lateral pieces of the ovipositor each bear at first five low 
 ridges followed by two prominent teeth and then about six small and 
 indistinct teeth. 
 
 Distribution: The only record we have of the occurrence of 
 this species in the state is from Barber county. It seems to 
 be a distinctively southern-species as shown by its distribution 
 as given by Van Duzee, who records it from Arkansas, Okla- 
 homa, New Mexico and Texas.
 
 318 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Tibicen pruinosa (Say). 
 
 (PI. xviii, figs. 3-4; pi. x 
 ln iinihioxa Say, .11. Acad. 
 
 251. 
 
 Cicada pruinosa Harris, Kept. ] 
 Cicada bruneosa Wild, Ann. So 
 Cicada pruinosa Harris, Treat. 
 
 fig. 3; pi. xxvi, flg. 10; pi. xxvii, fig. 10.) 
 it. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 330, 1825; Compl. Wri 
 
 .. M.-iss., p. 176, 1841. 
 
 Ent. Fr., ser. 2, x, Bui., p. xviii, 1852. 
 
 s. Inj. Veg., edn. 3, p. 218, 1862. 
 
 Cicada canteularis Prov., Pet. Faune Ent, Can., iii, p. 211, 1889. 
 Cicada pruinosa Davis & Jout., Ent. News, xvii, p. 237, 1906. 
 Cicada pruinosa Sm. & Grsb., Ent. News, xviii, p. 123, 1907. 
 Tibicen pruinosa Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 490, 1917. 
 Tibicen pruinosa Davis, Jl. N. Y.'Ent. Soc., xxvi, p. 145, 1918. 
 
 A green and black species of fairly large size. Specimens at hand 
 measure from 29 to 33 mm. 
 
 Color: Head black, with the following marked with green or brownish- 
 green: The antennal ledges and the space between them and the eyes, 
 a median elliptical spot on upper portion of front, sometimes three spots 
 at base of the front, and the posterior margin between the ocelli and the 
 compound eyes. Pronotum green or brownish-green except for two large 
 black median spots which taper caudad, uniting just before the collar, 
 and enclosing an elongate greenish spot. Frequently some of the grooves, 
 parts of the lateral margins, and the portions just behind the eyes, are 
 tinged with black. Mesonotum green, marked with black as follows: 
 The spaces between the arms of the W, a spot on each side laterad of 
 the arms which are joined sometimes by a slender line with a spot on 
 the posterior margin, laterad of these a third pair of spots which may 
 join the second pair posteriorly, and with a large spot between the W 
 and the light cruciform elevation, its apex reaching up between the inner 
 arms of the former. Abdominal terga entirely black, first segment with 
 large lateral pruinose spots which sometimes reach over to the second 
 segment, the third segment sometimes with attenuated lateral stripes, the 
 eighth segment and the seventh of the female also pruinose laterally. 
 Wings with veins greenish basally, except the base of media, becoming 
 brown on apical half, and with the cross veins between R 3 and R 4 +,-. and 
 between the latter vein and Mi distinctly darkened. Basal areoles of 
 the fore wings greenish but without distinct dash; flaps of fore wings 
 grayish, those of hind wings gray, becoming white posteriorly. Beneath 
 more or less strongly pruinose except for shining black median portion 
 of the abdomen. Legs light, darkening towards the tips of the tibiae. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand : 
 
 Length of body 25 to 29 
 
 Width of head 12 to 13.5 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 96 to 100 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 13.5 to 15 
 
 Greatest width of operculum . . 7 to 7.5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 9.25 to 9.75 
 
 Opercula, excluding the extension beyond the coxal cavity, about as 
 long as broad, overlapping medially, and rounded apically but with inner 
 apical margin straighter and longer than the outer.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^E. 
 
 319 
 
 Genitalia: Supra-anal plate of male with a strong median process 
 which exceeds the rounded lateral angles. Uncus, when viewed laterally, 
 is stout, straight, and parallel-margined till near the apex, when the 
 caudal margin suddenly tapers to the acute apex. Viewed caudally it 
 is a large sclerite, over one-half longer than wide, with a broadly round- 
 ing, nearly truncate, subapically depressed apex, and with a large trian- 
 gular depression on the dorsal part of its caudal aspect. The ventral piece 
 is strongly V-shaped, with the arms rather slender when viewed caudally 
 but appearing stout from a lateral view. The last ventral segment of 
 the male is twice as wide as long, the lateral margins very slightly sin- 
 uate, the apex broadly rounded. The pygofers of the female have a 
 slender and acute median process which greatly exceeds the lateral angles. 
 Last ventral segment of the female with a broad, distinctly angulate 
 notch reaching nearly half way to the base. In the specimen examined 
 the lateral pieces of the ovipositor each bore about a dozen ridges or 
 teeth, of which the first four were ridge-like and the rest more tooth-like. 
 
 Distribution: This is one of our commonest species. In 
 and around Lawrence it is by far the commonest form. As 
 shown by the following map it is decidedly eastern in its dis- 
 tribution in the state. The record from Riley county is that 
 of the Kansas State Agricultural College. Van Duzee records 
 it from the following other states: Pennsylvania, Indiana, 
 Missouri, Nebraska and Texas. Davis says its distribution is 
 that of the general region of the valley of the Mississippi. 
 
 Remarks: Davis speaks of the song of this species as fol- 
 lows : "The song of pruinosa is quite unlike that of any of the 
 other large native cicadas, and may be rendered as z-zape, 
 z-zape, z-zape. The insect often remains quiet all day, singing 
 from about 3 or 4 p. m. until dark."
 
 320 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Tibicen linnei (Sm. & Grsb.). 
 
 (PI. xviii, fiijs. 1-1: pi. xxiv, fig. 2; pi. xxvi, fig. 11; pi. xxvii, fig. 16.) 
 Cicada linnei Sm. & Grsb., Ent. News, xviii, p. 127, 1907. 
 Cirtitlii lihit-rn (icrni., Mil e:. d. Ent., iv, p. 95, 1821. 
 h'idiciiui tibicen Walk., List Homop., i, p. 94, 18/iO. 
 rin>i>l,a chloromera Walk., List Homop., i, p. 43, 1850. 
 Cicada tibicen Fh., Trans. X. Y. St. Agr. Soc., xv, p. 367, No. 73, 1856. 
 cirnda lihiccn Harris, Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg., edn. 3, p. 219, 1862. 
 detain tibicen I'M., Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 227, 1884. 
 dcnda tibicen Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 68, 1888. 
 Cicada tibicen Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 149, 1892. 
 Cicada tibicen Macg., Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 82, 1901. 
 
 Cicada tibicen Felt, N. Y. St. Mus. Memoir, 8, i, p. 237, pi. 46, fig. 1, 1905. 
 Kihana tibicen Dist., Cat. Homop., Cicadidse, p. 36, 1906. 
 Cicada tibicen Davis & Jout., Ent. News, xvii, p. 238, 1906. 
 dcnda tibicen Tuck., Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui., iv, p. 64, 1907. 
 Cicada linnei Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiii, p. 10, 1915. 
 Tibicen linnei Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 490, 1917. 
 Tibicen linnei Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent Soc., xxvi, p. 146, pi. 7, fig. 1, 1918. 
 
 A green and black species looking like T. pruinosa in form and color. 
 Specimens at hand measure from 30.5 to 33 mm. 
 
 Color: Head mostly black, with the following marked with green: A 
 broad stripe on each side along antennal ledge from front to eyes, these 
 stripes each with a small black spot near the front, an elliptical spot on 
 upper portion of front connected with a median triangular spot at base 
 of front, and with irregular marks along posterior margin laterad of 
 each lateral ocellus. Pronotum green, with two large black posteriorly 
 tapering median spots which enclose a wedge-shaped green mark, and 
 with the grooves and back of the eyes frequently black, there sometimes 
 being a black spot also on the lateral margins. Mesonotum green, marked 
 with black as follows: Between the arms of the W, a large spot on each 
 side laterad of this which extends taperingly to posterior margin, a 
 smaller spot on each side laterad of these, and a large spot cephalad of 
 the light cruciform elevation, this spot having a narrow anterior process 
 which reaches between the median arms of the W. Abdominal terga. 
 black, the posterior margins sometimes being testaceous. First segment 
 in males with a pair of small but distinct pruinose spots. The wings 
 have the veins, with the exception of media, greenish basally and becom- 
 ing brownish apically. The cross veins between R 3 and R <+5 and between 
 the latter vein and Mi, are strongly and broadly infuscated. The basal 
 areoles of the fore wings are green. The flaps of both wings are grayish 
 or brownish. Beneath the insect varies from greenish to testaceous, the 
 opercula being lighter than the rest of the under side and fresh specimens 
 are entirely pruinose with the exception of the black median portion of 
 the abdomen. The legs are light brown or greenish with a tendency to 
 darken apically. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand : 
 
 Length of body 30.5 to 33 
 
 Width of head 14 . 25 to 15 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 94 to 100 
 
 Greatest width of fore wings 14 to 14.5 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 6.5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 8 to 8.5
 
 LAWS'ON: KANSAS CICADID>E. 321 
 
 The costal margin of the fore wings is slightly but distinctly bent 
 near the middle. The opercula are longer than broad. They slightly 
 overlap along their mesal margins, the lateral margins are sinuately 
 narrowed posteriorly and the posterior margin runs cephalo-mesad in a 
 straight line from the rounded lateral angles. 
 
 Genitalia: Supra-anal plate of male with a very broad but short 
 median spine which scarcely exceeds the rounded lateral angles. Uncus, 
 when viewed laterally, is curved on its posterior margin to the semi- 
 obtuse apex. When viewed caudally it is a large sclerite less than twice 
 as long as wide and gradually tapering from the base to the broadly 
 rounded apex. The upper portion of the caudal aspect shows a large 
 triangular depression. The ventral piece is U-shaped with the arms 
 fairly deeply divided. The last ventral segment of the male is over 
 twice as wide as long, and slightly emarginate apically. The pygofers 
 of the female have a prominent and acute median spine which strongly 
 exceeds the strongly-angled lateral angles. The last ventral segment 
 of the female has the lateral margins sinuate and the posterior margin 
 broadly and angularly emarginate nearly one-half the distance to the 
 base. The lateral pieces of the ovipositor each bear about twelve teeth 
 or ridges, of which the median four alone are distinct. 
 
 Distribution: The only Kansas records for this species are 
 from Sedgwick, Douglas and Clay counties, the former two 
 by E. S. Tucker and the last by Wm. T. Davis. Outside of 
 Kansas it is found in Massachusetts, New York, Michigan, 
 Tennessee, North Carolina, Illinois, and Mississippi, so that 
 Kansas would seem to be its western limit. 
 
 Remarks: Davis says that the song of this species is a con- 
 tinuous z-ing, generally of a short duration. All the speci- 
 mens examined by the writer were from North Carolina. 
 
 Tibicen aurifera (Say). 
 
 (PI. xxii, fig. 1-2; pi. xxiv, fig. 5; pi. xxvi, fig. 15; pi. xxvii, fig. 12.) 
 Cicada aurifera Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 332, 1825; Cotnpl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 252. 
 
 Cicada urifera Woodw., Psyche, v, p. 68, 1888. 
 
 Cicada urifera Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 153, 1892. 
 
 Cicada urifera Kirk., Ent., xxxiii, p. 242, 1900. 
 
 Cicada urifera Macg., Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 80, 1901. 
 
 Cicada urffera Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent Soc., xxiv, p. 44, 1916. 
 
 Tibicen aurifera Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 492, 1917. 
 
 A rather small species usually green and black but sometimes vary- 
 ing to reddish-brown and black, having the body covered with a golden 
 pubescence. Specimens at hand vary from 23 to 26 mm. in length. 
 
 Color: Head black, with the following marked with greenish to 
 brownish: The antennal ledges and a broad spot between them and 
 the eyes, a median elliptical spot on upper portion of the front with 
 sometimes a spot caudad of this, spots at basal angles of the front, a. 
 spot laterad of each lateral ocellus, and irregular spots between thes* 
 
 21 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 and the eyes along the posterior margin. Pronotum largely greenish, 
 sometimes varying to reddish-brown, with two irregular black spots 
 enclosing a median wedge-shaped green spot. Mesonotum green to red- 
 dish-brown, marked with black as follows: Between the arms of the 
 W, a large spot tapering to posterior margin on each side laterad of 
 the W, and a smaller spot on each side laterad of this, the latter two 
 spots on each side often fusing, and a large black spot in front of the 
 cruciform elevation with a long slender point reaching between the 
 two middle arms of the W. Abdominal terga usually black, though some- 
 times the posterior margins are testaceous. Wings with veins all 
 greenish to reddish-brown basally, becoming darker apically. The cross 
 veins between Rn and R^.-, and between the latter and Mi are distinctly 
 darkened and practically spot-like. The basal areoles of the fore 
 wings are greenish anteriorly; the flaps of both wings are grayish. 
 Beneath brownish, entirely pruinose when fresh, rubbed specimens 
 showing oblong black spot at base of each abdominal sternite. Opercula 
 usually lighter than rest of under side. Legs light, excepting front 
 legs, becoming darker apically. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 23 to 26 
 
 Width of head 10 to 12 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 66 to 76 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 10 to 11 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 5 to 5 . 5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 7 . 5 to 8 
 
 The opercula are slightly overlapping medially, the apices are very 
 broadly rounded, the inner margin being slightly longer than the outer. 
 
 Genitalia: The supra-anal plate of the male has a stout but acute 
 median spine, which clearly exceeds the rounded lateral angles. The 
 uncus when viewed laterally is curved and widens till near the apex, 
 when the inner margin suddenly tapers and forms an angle with the 
 outer margin. Viewed caudally it is a large sclerite, about twice as long 
 as wide, scarcely tapering to the broadly rounded apex, and broadly and 
 rather deeply emarginate dorsally. The ventral piece is deeply U-shaped. 
 The last ventral segment of the male is fully twice as wide as long and 
 hemispherical in outline. The pyfogers of the female have a stout but 
 very acute median spine which strongly exceeds the lateral angles. The 
 last ventral segment of the female is distinctly sinuate laterally and the 
 posterior margin is broadly but angularly emarginate fully one-half of the 
 distance to the base. The ovipositor has lateral pieces, each bearing about 
 fourteen teeth or ridges, which are for the most part separated by deeper 
 incisions than in the other species examined. The ovipositor in this case 
 seems to be specifically distinct. 
 
 Distribution: This species has so far been reported from 
 Kansas only. It is apparently most abundant in the eastern 
 part of the state, as shown by the county records on the follow-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^:. 323 
 
 ing map. The records from Riley, Cowley and Russell coun- 
 ties are those of the Kansas State Agricultural College. 
 Further collecting will doubtless reveal this species from the 
 neighboring states. 
 
 Tibicen lyricen (DeG.). 
 
 (PI. xviii, figs. 5-6: pi. xxiv, fig. 1; pi. xxvi, fig. 8; pi. xxvii, fig. 11.) 
 Cicada lyricen DeG., Memoires, iii, p. 212, pi. 32, fig. 23, 1773. 
 Cicada fulrula Osb., Ent. News, xviii, p. 322, 1906. 
 Cicada lyricen Sm. & Grsb., Ent. News, xviii, p. 125, 1907. 
 Cicada lyricen Barb., Proc. Ent. Soc. Wash., xiv, p. 210, 1912. 
 Tibicen li/ricen Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 491, 1917. 
 Tibiffn lyricen Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvi, p. 147, pi. 8, fig. 1, 1918. 
 
 A black and fulvous species of about the same size or slightly larger 
 than T. pruinosa. Specimens at hand measure from 31 to 34 mm. 
 
 Color: Head black, with the following marked with fulvous: The an- 
 tennal ledges and a spot from them to the eyes, a median elliptical spot on 
 the upper portion of the front, caudad of this a triangular median spot, 
 a spot laterad of this at each corner of the front, a spot laterad of each 
 lateral ocellus, and irregular spots on posterior margin of head laterad 
 of the latter. The eyes are dark fulvous. Pronotum mostly fulvous in 
 our specimens but with collar and lateral margins always black, and 
 with two large black median lines which, narrowing posteriorly, meet at 
 the collar, thus enclosing an elongate, median, fulvous spot. Mesonotum 
 fulvous, with space between outer arms of W entirely black, a black spot 
 on each side laterad of this, a black line on each side near the margin, 
 and a large black spot between the W and the usually fulvous cruciform 
 elevation. Abdominal terga black, the posterior margin of the first seg- 
 ment sometimes fulvous. Pruinose markings on first segment either 
 absent, reduced to lateral spots, or forming a narrow line. In some 
 specimens lateral pruinose spots on the seventh tergite are visible from 
 above. Wings, with the exception of the black basal portion of media, 
 have the veins greenish on basal half and dark fulvous apically. Some-
 
 324 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 times the green is largely replaced by the fulvous. The cross veins 
 between R :) and RI+.I and between the latter vein and Mi are distinctly 
 darkened. The basal areoles of the fore wings for the most part are 
 greenish; flaps of fore wings dark gray, those of hind wings lighter. 
 Beneath the body is entirely pruinose with the exception of the black 
 median portion of the abdomen. The opercula are paler than the rest of 
 the body. The legs are fulvous, becoming paler apically. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand : 
 
 Length of body 31 to 34 
 
 Width of head 14 to 15 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 100 to 102 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 14 to 15 
 
 Greatest width of operculum . 6.5 to 7 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 9 to 10 
 
 The opercula are about as broad as long, excluding the extension be- 
 yond the coxal cavity. They overlap medially and the posterior margins 
 are broadly rounded, the inner margin of the apex being longer and 
 straighter than the outer margin. 
 
 Genitalia: The supra-anal plate of the male has a stout median spine 
 which scarcely exceeds the rounded lateral angles. The uncus, when 
 viewed laterally, is stout and curved, the inner margin tapering rather 
 suddenly apically to the obtuse apex. Viewed caudally it is a large 
 sclerite, distinctly narrowed toward the obtusely rounded apex, and with 
 a large triangular depression on the dorsal portion of its caudal aspect. 
 The ventral piece is strongly U-shaped. The last ventral segment of the 
 male is fully twice as broad as long and slightly but distinctly emarginate 
 apically. The pygofers of the female have a slender and acute median 
 process which greatly exceeds the lateral angles. The last ventral seg- 
 ment of the female is very broad and narrow, the lateral margins dis- 
 tinctly sinuate, and the posterior margin with a large and broadly 
 rounded emargination which reaches about one-third of the distance to 
 the base. The ovipositor is rather sparsely toothed, each lateral piece 
 bearing about ten rather blunt teeth or ridges. 
 
 Distribution: Specimens of this species have been taken in 
 Cherokee, Wilson, Elk, and Riley counties. It may be that this 
 state is its northwestern limit for Van Duzee records it as an 
 eastern and southern form found in Ontario, Rhode Island, 
 New York, New Jersey, North Carolina, Florida, Alabama, 
 Ohio, and Indiana. Smith and Grossbeck record it from New 
 Brunswick also. 
 
 Remarks: Davis states that the song of this species is a 
 monotonous zing.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^:. 325 
 
 Tibicen resonans (Walk.). 
 
 (PI xix. fisjs. 3-4: pi. xxiv, fig. 6; pi. xxvi, fig. 13; pi. xxvii, fig. 9.) 
 Cicfiila rrxonanx Walk.. List Honiop., i, p. 106, 1850. 
 Cicada resonanx Davis, Jl. X. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiii, p. 6, pi. 1, fig. 2, 1915. 
 'fibii-,-,1 reionqnt Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 493, 1917. 
 Tibicen resonans Davis, Jl. X. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvi, p. 148, 1918. 
 
 A ferrugineous and black species of large size. Specimens at hand 
 measure from 38 to 40 mm. 
 
 Color: Head black, with ferrugineous spots as follows: Along the 
 antennal ledges and on to the eyes, a median and two lateral spots at the 
 base of the front, and irregular marks along the posterior margin laterad 
 of the lateial ocelli to the eyes. Pronotum mostly ferrugineous with the 
 grooves, an almost continuous line along the anterior margin, parts of 
 the lateral margins and other variable spots, black. Mesonotum ferrugin- 
 eous with black spots as follows: Between the arms of the W, a usually 
 smaller spot on each side laterad of this, a spot along each lateral margin, 
 and a large transverse spot cephalad of the ferrugineous cruciform eleva- 
 tion which has a slender anterior process reaching between the median 
 arms of the W. The wings have the veins entirely ferrugineous as are 
 the basal areoles of the fore wings. The cross veins between R, and be- 
 tween Ri--. and between the latter vein and Mi are clearly but not strongly 
 darkened. The flaps of both wings are grayish or buff. The abdominal 
 terga are black. Beneath the insect is dark brown or ferrugineous with 
 the opercula lighter. The specimens at hand are partly pruinose. The 
 legs are ferrugineous. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 38 to 40 
 
 Width of head 17 to 17.5 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 115 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 15 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 8 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 8 
 
 Opercula, excluding extension beyond the coxal cavity, broader than 
 long, overlapping for a short distance medially, the posterior margins 
 forming a broad and nearly regular curve. 
 
 Genitalia: Supia-anal plate of male with a broad but shallow median 
 emargination which bears a broad and short but distinct median tooth 
 which is shorter than the lateral angles. The uncus, when viewed later- 
 ally, is broad basally, narrowed medially, and then expanding apically 
 much like a horse's foot. Viewed caudally it is broader than long, 
 slightly narrowing to the broad, truncate apex. The ventral piece is 
 strongly U-shaped, its arms turning strongly laterad apically. The last 
 ventral segment of the male is distinctly less than twice as broad as long, 
 the lateral margins regularly narrowing to the broad truncate apex. The 
 pygofers of the female have an acute median tooth which distinctly ex- 
 ceeds the lateral angles. Last ventral segment of the female with sinuate 
 lateral margins, the posterior margin broadly and angularly emarginate
 
 326 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 half way to the base. The ovipositor is characterized by the regularity 
 of the teeth of the lateral pieces each of which bears about ten teeth or 
 ridges. 
 
 Distribution: The only record of this species for the state 
 is that given by Mr. Wm. T. Davis who reports a single speci- 
 men from Kansas in the Museum of Comparative Zoology. Van 
 Duzee gives North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, and Alabama 
 as the other states in which it occurs. Davis reports specimens 
 from Mississippi and Louisiana in addition. Thus it is seen to 
 be a distinctively southern species. 
 
 Remarks: Davis reports this species as being found in the 
 sand ridges in North Carolina. The specimens examined were 
 kindly sent me by him from this state. 
 
 Tibicen auletes (Germ.). 
 
 (PI. xix, figs. 5-6; pi. xxv, fig. 1; pi. xxvi, fig. 1; pi. xxvii, fig. 1.) 
 Cicada auletes Germ., Silb. Rev. Ent,, ii, p. 65, 1834. 
 Tettigonia grossa? Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 678, 1775. 
 Cicada grossa Oliv., Encyc. Meth., v, p. 747, 1790. 
 Cicada auletes Harris, Kept. Ins. Mass., p. 176, 1841. 
 Cicada sonora? Walk., List Homop., i, p. 105, 1850. 
 Cicada literata Walk., List Homop., i, p. 91, 1850. 
 Cicada auletes Harris, Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg., edn. 3, p. 218, 1862. 
 Cicada marginata How., Insect Book, p. 232 (emarginata), pi. 28, fig. 19, 1905. 
 Cicada marginata Sm. & Grsb., Ent. News, xviii, pi. 3, fig. 1, 1907. 
 Rihana grossa Dist., Genera Ins., fasc. 142, p. 29, 1912. 
 Cicada auletes Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiii, p. 2, pi. 1, fig. 1, 1915. 
 Cicada auletes Weiss, Ent. News, xxvii, p. 162, 1916. 
 Tibicen auletes Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 492, 1917. 
 Tibicen auletes Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvi, p. 149, 1918. 
 
 A greenish-brown and black or nearly fulvous and black species of 
 very large size. This is the largest of our cicadas, the specimens at hand 
 measuring from 40.5 to 42 mm. 
 
 Color: Head black, marked with greenish-brown as follows: A spot 
 along antennal ledges which broadens on towards the eyes, an elongate 
 median spot on upper portion of front, a median and two lateral spots at 
 base of front, and irregular spots beginning laterad of the lateral ocelli 
 and extending along posterior margin to the eyes. Pronotum mostly 
 greenish-brown, with two, black, triangular, median spots tapering pos- 
 teriorly to the collar and enclosing an elongate light stripe and each, in 
 our specimens, with a fulvous spot in anterior portion. The portion back 
 of the eyes is also black and connects with a black narrow line which 
 runs along the groove in front of the collar. The lateral margins are 
 narrowly black. Mesonotum mostly black, the median arms of the W 
 being fulvous, these fulvous lines broadening and extending laterad and 
 caudad to the cruciform elevation which is greenish-brown. The lateral 
 margins of the mesonotum are also fulvous. Abdominal terga black, the 
 basal segment and the last three segments being pruinose in fresh speci-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^. 327 
 
 mens. The wings have the veins, with the exception of the basally ful- 
 vous media, greenish-brown basally, becoming darker apically. The 
 cross veins between R, and R <+ , and between the latter and M, are dis- 
 tinctly darkened. The basal areoles of the fore wings are greenish-brown. 
 The flaps are grayish to brownish in color. Beneath the insect is olive- 
 green and pruinose in fresh specimens. The legs are of about the same 
 color. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 40 . 5 to 42 
 
 Width of head 18.5 to 19 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 116 to 122 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 19 to 19.5 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 9.5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 12 
 
 The opercula are very large and broad, separated at base medially, 
 but overlapping quite strongly for a short distance, the outer margins 
 slightly sinuate, and the apices broadly rounding. 
 
 Genitalia: The supra- anal plate of the male has a very broad but short 
 median process which does not equal the rounded lateral angles. The 
 uncus, when viewed laterally, is broad basally, narrowed medially, and 
 then enlarged at the apex which somewhat resembles a horse's hoof. 
 Viewed caudally it is a comparatively short and very broad sclerite with 
 its truncate apex slightly but distinctly emarginate. The last ventral 
 segment of the male is fully twice as wide as long, the margins slightly 
 sinuately tapering to the rounded, almost truncate apex. The pygofers 
 of the female have a broad and short but acutely-pointed median spine 
 which scarcely exceeds the lateral angles. The last ventral segment of 
 the female has the lateral margins practically straight and the broad 
 angular emargination of the posterior margin extends half way to the 
 base. The lateral pieces of the ovipositor each bears three slight ridges 
 followed by about ten fairly distinct, rounded teeth. 
 
 Distribution: In the collection of the Kansas State Agricul- 
 tural college are specimens which were taken in Riley county. 
 Davis records specimens from Labette county also. As far as 
 the writer knows these are the only two records of the occur- 
 rence of this insect in the state. Davis states that it is found 
 from eastern Kansas and Nebraska to Michigan and Massa- 
 chusetts, and southward along the coast to Florida. Van 
 Duzee records it from Massachusetts, New York, New Jersey, 
 Maryland, District of Columbia, North Carolina, South Caro- 
 lina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama, Louisiana, Mississippi, Michi- 
 gan, Missouri, and Kansas. It would seem, therefore, that 
 Kansas is its western limit. 
 
 Remarks: Concerning the song of this species Davis writes : 
 "Its song is monotonous in tone and not loud, considering the
 
 328 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 size of the insect. It often commences to sing late in the after- 
 noon and continues off and 9n until dark." 
 
 The specimens examined by the writer were taken in 
 Georgia. 
 
 Tibicen dorsata (Say). 
 
 (PI. xx, fi-s. .Vfi; pi. xxiv, fig. 8; pi. xxvi, fig. 4: pi. xxvii, fiu'. 7.) 
 
 Cicada dorsata Say, .11. Acad. X;it. Sri. Phila., iv, p. 331, 1825; Compl. Writ., ii, p. 252. 
 Thopha caria Walk., List Hotnop., i, p. 42, 1850. 
 fidicina craxxa Walk., Ins. Saund., Homop., p. 10, 1858. 
 Cicada dorxala Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., i, p. 342, 1876. 
 Cicada dorsata Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 152, 1892. 
 Cicada dorsata Tuck., Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui., iv, p. 64, 1907. 
 Cicada dorsata Davis. ,11. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiii, pp. 161, 164, 1915. 
 Tibicen dorsata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 495, 1917. 
 
 A large greenish-yellow and black species. Specimens at hand vary in 
 length from 31 to 38 mm. 
 
 Color: Head mostly black but with yellowish-green spots running 
 along antennal ledges to eyes, each of which spots usually contains a 
 small black spot, and with irregular light spots along posterior margin 
 laterad of the lateral ocelli. Also on the upper part of the front there is 
 a small elliptical light spot. Pronotum yellowish-green, usually with the 
 two attenuated, black, median triangles which enclose a light median line, 
 and usually widen out making the groove cephalad of the collar black. 
 Often only parts of these triangles are present. Sometimes the part 
 back of the eyes is black as is also, a very narrow portion of the lateral 
 margins. The mesonotum has the following parts black: Between the 
 arms of the W, a long posteriorly narrowing line on each side laterad of 
 this, and a pair of narrower lines on the lateral margins, also a large 
 triangular spot cephalad of the light cruciform elevation which sends an 
 anterior process cephalad between the inner arms of the W. The arms of 
 the W apically, the lateral margins and the depressions around the cruci- 
 form elevation, are all heavily pruinose. The abdominal terga are black 
 with a row of dorsal white spots. The first segment has lateral white 
 spots, the third segment often with a narrow pruinose line along the 
 anterior margin, and the rest of the segments pruinose laterally, the last 
 segment often being entirely pruinose. The wings have the veins, with 
 the exception of the usually black base of media, yellowish-brown and be- 
 coming darker apically. The cross veins between R. and R4+.-, and between 
 the latter and M t are distinctly darkened. The basal areoles of the fore 
 wings are brownish, and the flaps of both wings are grayish, the first ones 
 with an orange tinge. The wings appear strongly vitreous due to the 
 unusual corrugation of the membrane, and are slightly clouded apically. 
 Beneath the insect is testaceous, the opercula lighter, and in fresh speci- 
 mens is entirely pruinose. The legs are of about the same color as the 
 under side, the posterior ones being darkest. They are distinctly striped.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^E. 
 
 329 
 
 Form : The following: are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 31 to 38 
 
 Width of head 12 . 5 to 15 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 90 to 105 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 15 to 19 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 6.5 to 8.5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 9 to 14 
 
 The opercula are distinctly longer than broad, slightly overlapping 
 medially, the lateral margins recurved, and the posterior margins evenly 
 and broadly rounded. 
 
 Genitalia : Supra-anal plate of male roundly emarginate posteriorly, 
 without any signs cf a median tooth, the lateral angles strongly angulate. 
 Uncus, viewed laterally, is broadest at the base, curving, the apex obtuse. 
 Viewed caudally the general form is triangular, but the apex is quite 
 broad and almost truncate. The ventral piece has two short and stout 
 arms which are not deeply cleft. The last ventral segment of the male is 
 not quite twice as broad as long and is very broadly rounded cr nearly 
 truncate posteriorly. The pygofers of the female have a short median 
 spine which does not exceed the well-rounded lateral margins. The last 
 ventral segment of the female has the lateral margins straight, the pos- 
 terior margin with a rounded emargination reaching half way to the 
 base. The lateral pieces of the ovipositor have well-developed teeth or 
 ridges, about six of the thirteen on each side being prominent. 
 
 Distribution: Our records indicate that this species is our 
 most widely distributed form in the state. It has been taken 
 in over thirty counties from all parts of the state. The records 
 from Russell and Riley counties are those of the Kansas State 
 Agricultural College. Those from Clay and McPherson coun- 
 ties are by Davis. Van Duzee records it from the following 
 other states : Missouri, Iowa, Nebraska, Arkansas, New Mex- 
 ico, Texas and Colorado. The following map shows its distri- 
 bution in Kansas :
 
 330 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Tibicen resh (Hald.). 
 
 (PI. xx, figs. 3-4; pi. xxiv, fig. 7; pi. xxvi, fig. 2; pi. xxvii, fig. 5.) 
 l";idu i-cxh Hald., Stansb. Salt Lake Exped., p. 369, pi. 9, fig. 17, 1852. 
 Ci,;i<l,, robtrtaoni Fh., Trans. N. Y. Agr. Soc., xiv, (1854), p. 745, 1855. 
 Ciciidn roberttoni Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiii, p. 164, 1915, (synon. of rexl). 
 Ci,;i,ln 1-enh Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiii, p. 5, pi. 1, fig. 3, 1915. 
 Tihi<;;, rrxh Van D., Cat. Hemip N. A., p. 493, 1917. 
 Tibicen resh Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvi, p. 149, 1918. 
 
 A large yellowish-green and black species. Specimens at hand meas- 
 ure from 32 to 35 mm. 
 
 Color: Head mostly black, but with large triangular spots along an- 
 tennal margins to eyes, an oval spot on upper portion of front, triangular 
 spots at base of front, a spot just caudad of this, and irregular spots on 
 each side along posterior margin laterad of the lateral ocelli, yellowish- 
 green. Pronotum yellowish-green, marked with black as follows: Two 
 small triangular spots on anterior margin which sometimes run back- 
 ward and fuse with the black converging lines in the grooves which run 
 back to the collar, and with two spots laterally in groove cephalad of 
 collar. In dark specimens the entire anterior margin of the pronotum 
 may be black, as well as the entire groove cephalad of the collar. Such 
 forms have the two large black characteristic median triangles which en- 
 clcse a median elongate greenish spot. Mesonotum largely black, with 
 two elongate lateral greenish to brownish spots on each side and a 
 median pair of spots of the same color which form the Hebrew letter resh 
 inverted. The abdominal terga are black as a rule, but often have the 
 posterior margins brownish. The wings have the veins greenish basally, 
 with the possible exception of media, but they become brownish apically. 
 The cross veins between R ( and R^s and between the latter and Mi are 
 strongly darkened. The basal areole of the fore wings is greenish while 
 the flaps of both wings are a brownish-gray. Beneath the insect is usually 
 testaceous and in fresh specimens is pruinose. The legs are also testa- 
 ceous, the femora streaked, and the tarsi and tibiae darker. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand : 
 
 Length of body 32 to 35 
 
 Width of head 14.5 to 16.5 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 98 to 107 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 15 to 16 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 7 to 7.5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 9 to 9.5 
 
 The opefcula are about as broad as long excluding the extension be- 
 yond the coxal cavity. They overlap very slightly medially, and the 
 posterior margins are broadly and evenly rounded. 
 
 Genitalia: The supra-anal plate of the male has a broad and stout 
 but very low median process which does not equal the rather pointed 
 lateral angles. The uncus, viewed laterally, is widest at the base, some- 
 what curving, and widened again apically, with the apex rather truncate. 
 Viewed caudally it is a broad and short sclerite, the apex quite truncate 
 and shallowly notched. The ventral piece has the slender arms widely
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^E. 331 
 
 and deeply separated and each curves laterad apically. The last ventral 
 segment of the male is nearly twice as wide as long, with the apex broad 
 and truncate and with a very slight median emargination. The pygofers 
 of the female have the usual stout" and acute median tooth which far ex- 
 ceeds the distinctly angulate lateral angles. The last ventral segment of 
 the female has the lateral margins distinctly sinuate and the broad 
 angular emargination of the posterior margin reaches fully half way to 
 the base. Each of the lateral pieces of the ovipositor bears about seven 
 very indistinct and rounded teeth. Should this condition prove constant 
 it would be of taxonomic value. 
 
 Distribution: While we have a goodly number of specimens 
 of this species, an examination shows that they were all taken 
 in Elk county and this seems to be our only record for the state. 
 Van Duzee gives Mississippi, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas and 
 Utah as the states in which it has been taken. Thus it seems 
 to be more common in the South, and may prove to be distinctly 
 southern if, as Davis surmises, the Utah record may not be 
 authentic. 
 
 Tibicen marginalis (Walk.). 
 
 (PI. xix, figs. 1-2; pi. xxiv, fig. 9; pi. xxvi, fig. 5: pi. xxvii, fig. 3.) 
 Cicada marginalis Walk., List Homop., iv, p. 1128, 1852 (n. n. for marginata Say). 
 Cicada marginata Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 330, 1825; Compl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 251. 
 
 Cicada marginata Uhl., Stand. Nat. Hist., ii, p. 227, 1884. 
 
 Cicada tn 
 Cicada m 
 Cicada m 
 
 Cicada > 
 Cicada m 
 
 rginala Woodw., Psyche, v. p. 68, 1888. 
 
 rginata Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 150, 1892. 
 
 rginata Macg., Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 81, 1901. 
 
 rginata Sm. & Grsb., Ent. News, xviii, p. 128, 1907. 
 
 rginata Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiii, p. 4, pi. 2, fig. 1, 1915. 
 
 rginata Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiii, p. 240, pi. 18, figs. 2, 4, 1915. 
 
 Tibicen martrinalis Van D., Check List Hemip., p. 55, 1916. 
 Tibicrn tnarninalia Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 493, 1917. 
 Tibicen ntaryinalis Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvi, p. 150, 1918. 
 
 A very large greenish and black or greenish-yellow and black species. 
 Specimens at hand measure from 36 to 39 mm. Smith and Grossbeck state 
 that specimens examined by them averaged over 40 mm. 
 
 Color: Head mostly black, with a broad greenish-yellow stripe along 
 anterior margin from the front to the eyes, a spot of the same color on 
 upper portion of front and also along posterior margin laterad of the 
 lateral ocelli. Pronotum greenish-yellow with two, small, black, median, 
 triangular spots at anterior margin and sometimes with black spots ex- 
 tending cephalad from collar to meet these, thus enclosing an elongate, 
 light, median dash which frequently contains a black median line. Meso- 
 notum mostly black, the W being greenish-yellow with the angles greatly 
 enlarged and laterad of this is a large, almost fulvous spot on each side. 
 The cruciform elevation is of about the same color as these lateral spots. 
 Abdominal terga black with the posterior margins fulvous or testaceous 
 as are also the tympanal coverings of the male. The wings have the veins 
 greenish basally and brownish apically. The cross veins between R, and
 
 332 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 R 4t r, and between the latter and M, are* not at all, or only slightly, in- 
 fuscated. The basal areoles of the fore wings are green; the flaps of 
 both wings are greenish-yellow. Beneath, the entire surface is brownish 
 or testaceous and fresh specimens are pruinose, with the exception of 
 the median portion of the abdomen in rubbed specimens. Legs of the same 
 color as the under side, slightly darkening apically, and showing dis- 
 tinct ridges on the femora. 
 
 Form : The following are the measurements in millimeters of the speci- 
 mens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 36 to 39 
 
 Width of head 17 to 17 .25 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 107 to 112 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 17 to 18 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 7.5 to 8 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 8.5 to 9 
 
 The costal margin of the fore wings is distinctly bent near its middle. 
 The opercula are only slightly longer than broad, overlap slightly for 
 a short distance medially, and the posterior margins are broadly and 
 evenly rounded. 
 
 Genitalia: The supra-anal plate of the male is roundingly and deeply 
 concave between the lateral angles, and there are no signs of a median 
 tooth. The uncus, viewed laterally, is stout and curving, and tapers to 
 a rather obtuse apex. Viewed caudally it is triangular, the apex dis- 
 tinctly pointed but obtuse, and with the usual triangular depression on 
 the upper portion of its dorsal aspect. The ventral piece is strongly 
 V-shaped, the arms being quite stout. The last ventral segment of the 
 male is nearly twice as broad "as long, the sides slightly sinuate and 
 the apex very broadly rounded or nearly truncate. The pygofers of the 
 female have distinct but rounded lateral angles and a rather long, slender 
 and acute median tooth. The last ventral segment of the female has 
 the margins straight and the posterior margin is broadly and roundingly 
 errarginate almost one-half the distance to the base. Each lateral piece 
 of the ovipositor has about twelve teeth or ridges of which the median 
 six teeth are quite distinct. 
 
 Distribution: This species has been taken in six counties in 
 the state as shown by the following map. The localities here 
 given would indicate its distribution at least over the eastern 
 two-thirds of the state. The records from Riley, Russell, and 
 Ellis counties are those of the Kansas State Agricultural Col- 
 lege. Van Duzee records its occurrence in Florida, Ohio, Ken- 
 tucky and Texas, as well as in Kansas. Davis says it is a cen- 
 tral United States species.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADIWE. 
 
 333 
 
 Tibicen dealbata (Davis). 
 
 (PI. xx, figs. 1-2; pi. xxiv, fig. 10; pi. xxvi, fig. 3; pi. xs 
 Cicada marginata var. dealbata Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxii 
 Tibicen dealbata Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 493, 1917. 
 
 ii, fig. 17.) 
 p. 162, 1915. 
 
 A large green and black species, some specimens, however, being yel- 
 lowish-brown and black. Specimens at hand measure from 32 to 37.5 
 mm., most of them averaging about 35 mm. 
 
 Co/w: Head yellowish-green, with a black transverse band between 
 th? eyes which is broadened medially to touch the posterior margin and 
 the base of 4he front, the latter being black but with a greenish elliptical 
 spot on its upper portion. Pronotum greenish, with two irregular median 
 lines usually running from the anterior margin to the collar and en- 
 closing a broad median stripe. These black lines, however, are often 
 reduced to mere 'spots at the anterior margin and just cephalad of the 
 collar. Mesonotum greenish or brownish, marked with black as follows: 
 Between the arms of the W, a long posteriorly tapering line on each side 
 laterad of this which attains the posterior margin and is connected to 
 the W by a black line at about its middle, a narrower lateral stripe on 
 each side, and a large spot cephalad of the cruciform elevation which 
 sends a median process cephalad between the median arms of the W. 
 In the specimens at hand the lateral margins, the portion in front of 
 the cruciform elevation, and three short narrow stripes at the tips of 
 the arms of the W are pruinose. The abdominal terga are black with 
 the posterior margins of the segments and frequently the sides of the 
 terminal segments, yellowish or brownish. Usually there is a dorsal 
 median row of pruinose spots and the sides are strongly pruinose. The 
 wings have the veins greenish basally and brownish apically. The cross 
 veins between R s and Rio and between the latter and M, are usually 
 slightly darkened. The basal areoles of the fore wings are greenish 
 and the flaps are brownish while the flaps of the hind wings are more 
 grayish. Beneath the body is greenish and in fresh specimens is en- 
 tirely pruinose. The legs are also greenish but with a tendency to 
 become brown apically.
 
 334 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand : 
 
 Length of body 32 to 37 . 5 
 
 Width of head 14.5 to 16.5 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 97 to 110 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 17 to 18 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 6.5 to 7.5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 9.5 to 10 
 
 The opercula are distinctly longer than broad if the extension beyond 
 the coxal cavity be included. They overlap slightly for a short distance 
 medially and the posterior margin is broadly rounded, the mesal portion 
 distinctly longer and straighter than the outer part. 
 
 Genitalia: The supra-anal plate of the male is roundingly excavated 
 apically and without a median tooth or with the bare suggestion of a 
 very broad one. The uncus, viewed laterally, is regularly curved and 
 narrowed to the obtuse apex. Viewed caudally it is distinctly triangular, 
 the apex being quite pointed. The ventral piece has the arms deeply 
 and rather narrowly divided to receive the apex of the uncus. The 
 last ventral segment of the male is less than twice as wide as long 
 and the apex is distinctly rounded. The pygofers of the female have 
 a large but acute median spine which strongly exceeds the distinct 
 lateral angles. The last ventral segment of the female is comparatively 
 long, with the lateral margins distinctly sinuate and with the angular 
 excavation of the posterior margin reaching slightly over one-third of 
 the distance to the base. Each of the lateral pieces of the ovipositor 
 bears three faint ridges followed by about ten teeth, the third to sixth 
 of which are large and distinct. 
 
 Distribution: This species seems to be well distributed over 
 the western two-thirds of the state as shown by the following 
 map. Davis reports it from Colorado also.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^E. 335 
 
 Remarks: Davis originally described this species as a va- 
 riety of T. marginalis, saying that he considered it as more of 
 a mountainous form than the typical marginalis. Its recorded 
 distribution in Kansas would seem to indicate the correctness 
 of his view as to its ecological distribution. 
 
 Tibicen eugraphica (Davis). 
 
 (PI. xxi, figs. 7-8; pi. xxv, fig. 2; pi. xxvi, fig. 7; pi. xxvii, fig. 2.) 
 Cicada euyraphica Davis, Jl. X. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiv, p. 52, pi. 5, fig. 3, 1916. 
 Tibicen eugraphica Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 492, 1917. 
 
 A small black species marked with yellowish-orange. The speci- 
 mens at hand measure from 18 to 24 mm., the average being about 22 mm. 
 
 Color: Head black, marked with yellowish-orange as follows: An 
 elliptical spot on upper part of front, a spot on each side above antennae 
 and running along base of front, a spot on each side above the antenna 
 and between the latter and the eyes, and irregular spots laterad of 
 lateral ocelli and running along posterior margin. Pronotum yellowish- 
 orange, often with the two black median triangles entire though some- 
 times broken with orange, the grooves, humeral angles, and anterior 
 margin of collar also irregularly black. Mesonotum yellowish-orange, 
 marked with black as follows: Between the arms of the W, a pair of 
 large spots laterad of these and extending to the posterior margin, small 
 spots on the lateral margins, and caudad of the W a cross-shaped spot 
 which, however, is often reduced to just the standard, on either side of 
 which there are always two black dots. Abdominal terga usually black, 
 sometimes dark brown, the posterior margins yellowish-brown. Fore 
 wings with costal margins light to about the middle, beyond this, along 
 with the rest of the veins, dark brown. Cross veins between R 3 and 
 R,- and between the latter and Mi are perfectly clear. The basal 
 areoles of the fore wings are also clear, while the flaps of both wings 
 are grayish. Beneath the insect is brownish, the opercula lighter, and 
 in fresh specimens the whole surface is pruinose. The legs are yellowish- 
 orange and streaked with testaceous. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand : 
 
 Length of body 18 to 24 
 
 Width of head 8 to 9.25 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 62 to 69 
 
 Greatest width of fore wings 9 to 10 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 6 
 
 The opercula are distinctly wider than long excluding the extension 
 beyond the coxal cavity. The mesal margins nearly or just touch, the 
 lateral margins are sinuate, while the posterior margins are broadly 
 and evenly rounded. 
 
 Gentalia: The supra-anal plate of the male has a broad rectangular 
 notch apically in which is just the suggestion of a median tooth. Viewed 
 laterally the lateral angles have a small but distinct anteriorly project-
 
 336 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 ing tooth. The uncus, viewed laterally, appears stout, with a distinct 
 backwardly-projecting knob at its central portion, and terminates in a 
 stout but acutely-pointed claw which extends cephalo-ventrad. Viewed 
 caudally it is wish-bone shaped, the arms strongly curving and rather 
 well separated apically. The ventral piece has the arms separated by 
 a broadly rounded incision so that they are pressed against the sides 
 of the supra-anal plate. The last ventral segment of the male is about 
 twice as wide as long, the lateral margins slightly sinuate, and the apex 
 nearly truncate. The pygofers of the female have the lateral margins 
 rounding to the acute median tooth. The last ventral segment of the 
 female is a little over twice as wide as long, the angulate emargination 
 of the posterior margin reaching about one-fourth of the distance to the 
 base. The lateral pieces of the ovipositor each bear about nine rounded 
 and quite distinct teeth cephalad of which there is an indistinct ridge. 
 
 Distribution: While there are a goodly number of specimens 
 of this species in the Snow collection, an examination reveals 
 that all our Kansas specimens were taken in Barber county. 
 And this seems to be the only record for Kansas. Davis re- 
 ports this species from Texas, Arizona and New Mexico. Thus 
 it seems to be a distinctively southern form, and possibly 
 reaches its northern limits in Kansas. 
 
 Remarks: Two of the specimens at hand are paratypes. 
 
 Tibicen vitripennis ( Say ) . 
 
 (PI. xxi, figs. 5-6; pi. xxv, fig. 3; pi. xxvi, fig. 6; pi. xxvii, fig. 4.) 
 
 Cicada vitripenitis Say, Jl. Acad. Xat. Sci. Phila., ii, p. 236, 1830; Cotnpl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 372. 
 
 Cicada albipennis Woodw, Psyche, v, p. 68. 1888. 
 
 Cicada vitripennis Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 153, 1892. 
 
 Cicada vitripennis Maeg., Can. Ent., xxxi.ii, p. 83, 1901. 
 
 Cicada vitripennis Snow, Kans. Univ. Sci. Bui., ii, p. 349, 1904. 
 
 Cicada erratica Osb., Ohio Nat., vi, p. 497, 1906. 
 
 Cicada erratica New., U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent., Bui. 60, p. 52, 1906. 
 
 Cicada vitripennis Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiv, p. 58, pi. 6, figs. 3-4, 1916. 
 
 Tibicen vitripennis Van D., Cat. Heinip. N. A., p. 497, 1917. 
 
 A rather small, usually greenish and black species which, however, 
 varies to reddish-brown and black. Specimens at hand measure from 
 21 to 23 mm. 
 
 Color: Head black, with a broad, green band extending from the 
 front along each side, along the antennal ledges to the eyes, and with 
 large, green spots laterad of the lateral ocelli and extending along the 
 posterior margin to the eyes. This leaves the black portion of the head 
 in the form of a cross with a short and broad standard extending from 
 the front to the posterior margin, and long and slender arms reaching tj 
 the eyes. Pronotum mostly green, with two black triangular spots on 
 anterior portion which taper posteriorly and then widen just cephalad 
 of the collar into triangular spots, the four enclosing an elongate median
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADIDJE. 337 
 
 green mark. The furrows are also more or less blackened and the lateral 
 angles bear black spots which sometimes extend in a narrow line along 
 the anterior margin of the collar. Mesonotum green, strongly marked 
 with black as follows: Between the arms of the W, large triangular 
 spots laterad of these tapering to posterior margin, and just caudad of 
 the W, a distinct cross with a short and stout standard and with the 
 apices of the arms enlarged. The cruciform elevation is light. Ab- 
 dominal terga are black, the posterior margins testaceaus, the first seg- 
 ment and sometimes also the second, with a distinct median testaceous 
 line. The wings, as described by Say, are "vitreous immaculate," the 
 cross veins being not at all darkened. The veins of the fore wing, with 
 the exception of media, are green basally and testaceous apically. The 
 basal areoles of the fore wings are entirely clear, while the flaps of both 
 wings are gray. Beneath the body is entirely pruinose in fresh specimen?-, 
 except for the median black stripe on the abdomen. The opercula are 
 lighter than the rest of the under side. The legs are pale brown, with a 
 distinct tendency to have ridged femora and greenish tibia?. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand : 
 
 Length of body 21 to 23 
 
 Width of head 9 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 66 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 9 to 9.5 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 5.25 to 5.5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 6.5 to 6.75 
 
 The opercula are broad and short, the inner margins strongly angled, 
 with the points of the angles distinctly separated, and with the posterior 
 margins broadly rounded. 
 
 Genitalia: Supra-anal plate of male broadly and deeply excised be- 
 tween the rounded but slightly toothed lateral angles. Uncus, viewed 
 laterally, is stout basally, with a short inner tooth and an outer larger 
 curving and acutely-pointed one. Viewed caudally it is wish-bone shapeJ, 
 the arms gradually separating to the apices. They are not as widely 
 separated or as curving as in T. eugraphica. The ventral piece is strongly 
 U-shaped, the arms rather short and slender and widely separated, 
 fitting against the sides of the supra-anal plate. The last ventral seg- 
 ment of the male is not quite twice as wide as long, the sides sinuately 
 tapering to the well-rounded apex. The margins of the pygofers of the 
 female curve evenly to the base of the well developed and acute median 
 spine. The last ventral segment of the female has the sides roundingly 
 narrowed to the deeply emarginate posterior margin, the emargination 
 reaching nearly half way to the base and having its margins slightly but 
 distinctly emarginate. Each of the lateral pieces of the ovipositor bears 
 about eleven teeth or ridges, of which six are large enough to be very 
 distinctly seen. 
 
 Distribution: The only counties in the state from which we 
 have records of this species are Clark, Sumner and Barber. 
 
 22 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 338 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 These being in the extreme southern part of the state, indicate 
 the southern distribution of this species. This is confirmed by 
 the distribution given by Van Duzee, who records it from tho 
 following states: Florida, Louisiana, Indiana, Oklahoma, 
 Texas, and Arizona. Davis reports it from Nebraska also. 
 
 Remarks: Davis quotes Prof. R. W. Harned as stating that 
 this species is found only oh low ground or in swampy places. 
 In his article on Mississippi cicadas he makes Cicada erratica 
 a synonym of this species. 
 
 Subfamily CICADIN^E Van D. 
 
 The members of this subfamily do not have the perfect tym- 
 panal coverings possessed by the males of the preceding sub- 
 family, nor are these coverings entirely absent, as in the males 
 of the following subfamily. Our species are medium sized or 
 small forms. 
 
 The two genera of this subfamily represented in the state 
 may be separated by the following key : 
 
 KEY TO GENERA. 
 
 A. Abdomen translucent; cross vein between A :t and R^.-, strongly 
 
 oblique; tympanal coverings of male large. Cicada. 
 
 A A. Abdomen not translucent; cross vein between R :! and R^s perpen- 
 dicular or very slightly oblique; tympanal coverings of male very 
 small. Proarna. 
 
 Genus CICADA Linn. 
 
 The members of this genus that occur in the United States 
 are rather small forms. They agree with the genus Tibicen in 
 having the tympanal orifices concealed by tympanal coverings, 
 but not perfectly, and yet much better than in the genus Pro- 
 arna. They also have relatively much smaller heads than do 
 the members of the genus Tibicen. The abdomen is very char- 
 acteristic, being distinctly translucent. The opercula are quite 
 small and are widely separated. They differ also from the 
 genus Proarna by having the cross vein between R 3 and R 4+5 
 strongly oblique instead of perpendicular, as in the latter. 
 
 A single member of the genus occurs in the state. 
 
 Cicada hieroglyphica Say. 
 
 (PI. xxiii. tiers. 1--J: pi. xxv, fig. 6; pi. xxvi, fig. 16; pi. xxvii, fig. 20.) 
 Cicaaii l,i,-,;,!,l;ii,l,;.;i Say. Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., vi, p. 235, 1830; Compl. Writ., 
 ii. p. 371. 
 
 Cicada characterea Germ., Thon, Ent. Archiv., ii, p. 40, 1830. 
 
 Cicada hieroglyphica Harris. Kept. Ins. Mass., p. 176, 1841. 
 
 Tettigia hieroylyphiea T)ist., Biol. Centr. Am., Homop.. i, p. 11, pi. 3, fig. 2, 1881.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^E. 339 
 
 Tfttinin /,iVi--,.-//,/y/V Till.. Stand. Nat. Hist., ii. p. -j-7. 1 ; 
 
 Tettigia hieroglyphics M 
 Cirnrfa hieroglyi>lnca \u 
 f'irada hifroglyiihirti Da 
 
 Cicada hifroalyphica Va 
 Cicada hierogluphica Da 
 
 eg., Can. Knt., xxxiii. p. 83. 1901. 
 
 D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., ix. p. 1 s I 
 is. Jl. N. Y. Knt. Hoc., p. <>o. pi. . 
 
 D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 49<i. I'M 7 
 is, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvi, p. 152, J918. 
 
 A rather small green and black species with the abdomen more yel- 
 lowish-brown. Specimens at hand measure from 20 to 25 mm. 
 
 Color: Head yellowish-green, with two transverse black lines before 
 the eyes and four black longitudinal lines, the outer ones short, running 
 caudad from these. Just mesad and caudad of each eye there are also 
 black spots. Pronotum greenish-yellow, marked with two black median tri- 
 angular spots, enclosing between them a long light band, and uniting in 
 two smaller triangular spots just cephalad of the collar. The grooves are 
 also black and there are black spots on the humeral angles and small 
 black spots are scattered here and there over the surface. Mesonotum 
 yellowish-green, marked with black as follows: A longitudinal median 
 line, spots between the arms of the W, a small triangular spot on each 
 side at anterior margin laterad of these, and a large spot laterad of these 
 small spots, and a black spot on each side of the median line just cephalad 
 of the light cruciform elevation. The abdominal terga are yellowish- 
 brown, the last segment and supra-anal plate being darker and the second 
 segment has a median dorsal black line. The wings have the veins tawny 
 to brown and all four cross veins are darkened, there also being small 
 brown dots near the tip of each vein. The basal areoles of the fore wings 
 are clear and the flaps of both wings are gray with a tawny tinge. 
 Beneath the insect is a little lighter than above and fresh specimens are 
 quite pruinose. The legs are of about the same color as the under side, 
 striped with testaceous, and darkened apically. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand : 
 
 Length of body 20 to 25 
 
 Width of head 7 to 8 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 56 to 60 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 8 to 9 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 3.5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum '3 
 
 The opercula are very small, evenly curving from the antero-lateral 
 corner to the point where the two opercula come nearest together, but 
 even at this point they are far apart. In the male the sternites of the 
 abdomen are distinctly keeled. 
 
 Genitalia: The supra-anal plate of the male is lightly chitinized 
 dorsally at the apex and bears a small median process. The uncus, viewed 
 laterally, is large, tapering ventrally, and ending in an obtuse apex 
 which bears a small point extending cephalad. In the upper portion of 
 its lateral aspect is a triangular membranous part which seems quite 
 characteristic. Viewed caudally the uncus is narrow at the top, widest 
 just below the middle, and its lower margin has a small median emargina- 
 tion. The last ventral segment of the male is nearly as long as broad,
 
 340 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 the margins are slightly sinuate and the apex is broadly rounded. The 
 pygofers of the female bear a long median spine and the margins are 
 distinctly and obtusely angulate. The last ventral segment of the female 
 is of about equal length throughout, the posterior margin bearing two 
 small lobes on either side of a small median triangular excavation. The 
 lateral pieces of the ovipositor bear rather weak teeth of which only two 
 or three on each side are prominent, the remaining four or five being 
 very indistinct. Cephalad of the teeth is a very weak ridge on each side. 
 
 Distribution: The only record of the capture of this species 
 in Kansas comes from Chautauqua county. Van Duzee records 
 it from the following states : New Jersey, Pennsylvania, North 
 Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Mississippi, Louisiana and Texas. 
 Thus it would seem that Kansas forms the northwestern limit 
 of this species. 
 
 Remarks: The males of this species seem to be much more 
 common than the females. Mr. Davis kindly loaned me one of 
 the latter and states that they are comparatively uncommon. 
 He says they occur most commonly in the pine barrens, "where 
 in June and July their songs constitute an almost continuous 
 performance." 
 
 Genus PROARNA Stal. 
 
 The members of this genus are very small cicadas. The 
 tympanal coverings are very imperfect, leaving most of the 
 tympanal orifice exposed. The abdomen is not translucent and 
 the cross vein of the fore wings between Ri and R^ is very 
 characteristically perpendicular instead of oblique. The oper- 
 cula are small and do not approach each other very closely. 
 
 A single member of the genus occurs in Kansas. 
 
 Proarna venosa (Uhl.). 
 
 (PI. xxiij, figs. 5-6; pi. xxv, fig. 8; pi. xxvi, fig. 20; pi. xxvii, fig. 8.) 
 Prunasis venosa Uhl., Ent. Am., iv, p. 82, 1888. 
 Prunasis venosa Macg., Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 77, 1901. 
 Prunasis venosa Dist., Cat. Homop., Cicadidas, p. 152, 1906. 
 Proarna venosa Dist., Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 8, viii, p. 134, 1911. 
 Proarna venosa Dist., Genera Ins., fasc. 158, p. 16,' 1914. 
 Proarna venosa Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 497, 1917. 
 
 A very small pale green to straw-colored species. Specimens at hand 
 measure from 11 to 13 mm. 
 
 Color: Head greenish or straw-colored, with a more or less continuous 
 brownish transverse band between the eyes and extending backward 
 medially to enclose the ocelli. The antennal ledges also are usually some- 
 what brown. Pronotum yellowish-green, immaculate, or with the humeral 
 angles darkened, and sometimes the grooves slightly darkened also. Some-
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID.E. 341 
 
 times there is a suggestion of the two dark median triangles on the 
 anterior margin. Mesonotum yellowish-green, marked with brown as 
 follows: Between the arms of the W, a large posteriorly tapering spot 
 on either side laterad of this, the tips of the anterior arms of the light 
 cruciform elevation, and two faint dots just cephalad of these. Ab- 
 dominal terga straw-colored, with the bases of the segments, especially 
 laterally, more or less marked with fuscous. The wings have the veins 
 straw-colored or greenish basally, becoming brownish apically. The cross 
 veins between R, and R 4+5 , between R 4+5 and M,, and between M, and 
 M, are sometimes slightly, but usually distinctly darkened, and there is 
 a tendency for all the veins to be slightly smoky apically. The basal 
 areoles of the fore wings are clear and the flaps of both wings are milky- 
 white to straw-colored. Beneath, the insect is straw-colored or yellowish- 
 green, with the opercula lighter. The legs are straw-colored with the 
 femora distinctly banded with fuscous. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the speci- 
 mens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 11 to 13 
 
 Width of head 3 . 75 to 4 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 29 to 32 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 4 to 5 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 2 to 2.5 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 2.5 to 3 
 
 The opercula are distinctly wider than long excluding the extension 
 beyond the coxal cavity. They are widely separated medially and are 
 broadly rounded from the cephalo-lateral angle to the angulate meso- 
 caudal angle which slightly overlaps the metasternum. 
 
 Genitalia: Supra-anal plate of male with a very wide emargination 
 posteriorly. Viewed laterally there is a very strong and acute dorsal 
 point. The uncus, viewed laterally, enlarges apically and is bifid. Viewed 
 caudally it is narrowest basally, widest just below the middle, and ends in 
 four rounded lobes. The ventral piece consists of two very widely sepa- 
 rated arms which lie against the supra-anal plate. The last ventral seg- 
 ment of the male is about twice as broad as long and the truncate pos- 
 terior margin is very slightly emarginate medially. The pygofers of the 
 female have a small median tooth which does not exceed the sinuated 
 posterior margins. The last ventral segment of the female is about three 
 times as wide as long, the posterior margin being broadly emarginated 
 about one-third of the distance to the base, the sides of the emargina- 
 tion themselves being slightly notched. The lateral pieces of the ovi- 
 positor each bear two or three indistinct ridges which are followed by 
 four prominent teeth and these by three smaller and indistinct ones. 
 
 Distribution: The only counties from which this species 
 seems to have been taken are Sumner and Barber. Van Duzee 
 records it from Texas and New Mexico. Accordingly Kansas 
 seems to be the northern limit of its range.
 
 342 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Subfamily TIBICININ^ (Dist). 
 
 The members of this subfamily differ from those of the pre- 
 ceding in that the males do not have any tympanal coverings 
 at all. In the main they are small to medium sized forms. 
 
 There are four genera of the TibicininsR represented in our 
 Kansas fauna. These may be separated by the following key : 
 
 KEY TO GENERA 
 
 A. Cells of median area of fore wings distinctly longer than marginal 
 cells. 
 B. Head about as broad as base of mesonotum. Opercula nearly 
 
 touching medially. Tibicina. 
 
 BB. Head distinctly narrower than base of mesonotum. Opercula 
 widely separated. 
 
 C. Median transverse suture of elytra not very evident. 
 
 Okanagana. 
 CC. Median transverse suture of elytra very evident. 
 
 Tibicinoides 
 
 AA. Cells of median area of fore wings not distinctly longer than mar- 
 ginal cells. Melampsalta 
 
 Genus TIBICINA Kol. 
 
 The tympanal coverings are entirely absent in this genus, in 
 this respect agreeing with the following three genera. It dif- 
 fers from them, however, in having a relatively broader head 
 which is as broad as the base of the mesonotum. Added to this 
 is the characteristic of the opercula which nearly touch me- 
 dially. As in the two following genera the cells of the median 
 area of the fore wings are distinctly longer than the marginal 
 cells. 
 
 The single member of the genus and its variety occur in the 
 state. Only the 17-year race has been definitely recorded from 
 within our borders though the 13-year race comes so close in 
 Missouri that it would be surprising if it did not extend west- 
 ward over into the state. 
 
 Tibicina sept endecim (Linn.). 
 
 (PI. xxiii. figs. 9-loTpl. xxv, fig. 5; pi. xxvi, fig. 14; pi. xxvii, fig. 19.) 
 Cicada stptendecim Linn., Syst. Nat., edn. 10, i, p. 436, 1758; edn. 12, ii, p. 708, 1767. 
 Tettigonia xtptendfdm Fabr., Syst. Ent., p. 679, 1775. 
 Tettigonia costalis Fabr., Ent. Syst., Suppl., p. 516, 1798. 
 Cicada xepttndecim Germ., Thon, Ent. Archiv., ii, p. 4, 1830. 
 Cicada stptendecim Harris, Rept. Ins. Mass., p. 167, 1841. 
 Cicada se/itendecim Harris, Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg., edn. 2, p. 180, 1852. 
 Cicada septendecirn Jag., Life of N. Am. Ins., p. 64, 1859. 
 Tibicen geptendecim Stal, Ann. Soc. Ent. Fr., ser. 4, i, p. 618, 1861. 
 Cicada xfptendtcim Harris, Treat. Ins. Inj. Veg., edn. 3, p. 206, 1862. 
 Cicaila *<' l ,t,', l d,:-i,,, Ril.. 1st Mo. Kept., p. 18, 1868.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^E. 343 
 
 Tibiccn c<,.*ttili* Stal. Heniip. Fahr., ii, p. 116, 1869. 
 
 Tibicfn xf/,tendeci>n Stal, Heniip. Fabr., ii, p. 116, 1869. 
 
 Cicada nfptendecim I'M., Stand. Nat. Hist., ii. p. 227, 1884. 
 
 Cicada x<'i>l<-ndfc\ni Lintn., 2nd Rpt. X. Y. St. Km., p. HIT. 1885. 
 
 Cicada neptfiidfrin, Ril., Rept. U. S. Dept. Agr. for 1885, p. 233. 
 
 Tibiren xrjttntdrcitii Uhl.. Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 160, 1892. 
 
 Cicada tepttndecim Marl^ U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Em.. Bui. n. s. 14. 1898. 
 
 Tibicen neptfndecim Felt, N. Y. St. Mus. Memoir, 8, i, p. 231, pi. 46, fig. 2, 1905. 
 
 Tibicina stptendrcim Dist., Cat. Homop., Cieadida?, p. 125, 1906. 
 
 Cicada septenilecim Marl., U.. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Km., Bui. 71. 1907. 
 
 Tibicina seplendecim Van D., Cat. Hemip. X. A., p.. 500, 1917. 
 
 Tibicina sfptendecini Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvi, p. 152, 1918. 
 
 A medium sized black and orange species. Specimens at hand measure 
 from 28 to 30 mm. 
 
 Color: Head entirely black except sometimes for a small orange med- 
 ian triangle at the posterior margin. The eyes are either black or orange 
 in the dead specimens. Pronotum black except laterally, the inflexed por- 
 tions being of an orange tinge. Sometimes the collar is faintly tinged 
 with the same colcr. Mesonotum black except for narrow lateral orange 
 stripes. Abdominal terga black, the conjunctiva? often appearing orange 
 as does the posterior portion of the last segment in the male. The wings 
 have the costal margin and the veins distinctly orange basally, but 
 apically they become brown. The whole wing, especially basally and 
 apically is mere or less smoky. The W at the cross veins is quite promi- 
 nent. The basal areoles of the fore wings are a very dark brown. The 
 flaps are grayish, tinged with orange. Beneath, the insect is mostly black 
 but with at least the posterior margins of the abdominal segments nearly 
 orange and with the light color extending up the sides. Often the ab- 
 dominal sternites are entirely brown. The legs are an orange-brown, 
 striped with testaceous, the tarsi darker. 
 
 Form : The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand : 
 
 Length of body 28 to 30 
 
 Width of head 8.75 to 9.25 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 80 to 88 
 
 Greatest width cf fore wings 12.5 to 13.5 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 4.5 
 
 The opercula are quite narrow, having the outer and posterior mar- 
 gins forming a semicircle, and their postero-mesal margins well separated: 
 
 Genitalia: The supra-anal plate of the male has a very large median 
 projection. Viewed caudally its margins are inflexed below this median 
 tooth, and each bears near its middle two curving, mesally projecting, 
 finger-like processes and near the base a larger and more strongly haired 
 one. The uncus, viewed laterally, has the form of a triangle with its apex 
 bent strongly cephalad. Viewed caudally it has the form of two sclerites 
 extending downward from the anal tube, encircling the penis, and widen- 
 ing below it into two triangular processes which taper to acute apices. 
 The penis is usually strongly protruded from between the two parts of 
 the uncus and possesses terminally two very characteristic little sclerites
 
 344 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 which meet dorsally and are wide apart ventrally and whose rounded 
 margins are strongly serrate. The last ventral segment of the male is 
 about twice as wide as long, the lateral margins sinuate to the rounded 
 posterior margin. The pygofers of the female have the margins evenly 
 rounding to the prominent median spine. The last ventral segment of 
 the female has a very large incision posteriorly wtoich reaches over one- 
 half the distance to the base. The ovipositor is provided with about 
 thirteen quite even and similar teeth on each side. 
 
 Distribution: According 1 to Marlatt, only Broods I and IV 
 are known to occur in Kansas. The former brood is recorded 
 by him (Bui. 71, U. S. Dept. Agr., Div. Ent/, 1907) from Leav- 
 cnworth and Dickinson counties. Brood IV is our big brood 
 and is recorded from the counties marked on the following 
 map. In addition to Marlatt's record, specimens have been 
 taken from Atchison, Butler and Riley counties and these, with 
 the records of Brood I, are included in the map. None of these 
 broods go further west than Kansas, and it is very likely that 
 other broods of the 17-year race and some broods of the 13- 
 year race occur in the state, but there seem to be no records 
 of them. 
 
 Remarks: Marlatt gives the three different notes charac- 
 teristic of the song of this species as follows : 
 
 1. At the height of the season, when many males are sing- 
 ing together, the most characteristic note is represented by the 
 letters tsh-e-e-E-E-E-E-e-ou. Thus it was described by Fitch. 
 
 2. Early in the season when few males have emerged the 
 Pha-r-r-r-aoh note is heard.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID.E. 345 
 
 3. The clicking note "consisting of from 15 to 30 short, 
 quick sounds, sometimes double, the whole lasting about five 
 
 seconds." 
 
 Tibicina septendecim var. cassinii (Fish.). 
 
 Cicada ca/sxinii Fish., Proc. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phjla., v, p. 272, 1851. 
 
 Cicada septendecim var. cattginii Ral., 1st Mo. Kept., p. 21, 1868. 
 
 Cicada septendecim var. cnxxinii Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 501, 1917. 
 
 This variety occurs along with typical septendecim. It dif- 
 fers from the latter in being distinctly smaller and in usually 
 having the under side of the abdomen entirely black. Riley 
 states that the genital hooks of the male (uncus) vary con- 
 siderably in this variety whereas they are constant in typical 
 septendecim. At any rate they are often just like those of the 
 latter. 
 
 Genus OKANAGANA Dist. 
 
 This is a very large genus the members of which are most 
 abundant in the western states. As in Tibicina the cells of the 
 median area of the fore wings are distinctly longer than the 
 marginal cells. The head is clearly narrower than the base of 
 the mesonotum. The opercula are widely separated. The 
 transverse suture of the fore wings is not as distinct as in the 
 following genus. 
 
 Only two species belonging to this genus are known to occur 
 in Kansas. They may be separated by the following key : 
 
 KEY TO SPECIES. 
 
 A. Species smaller, less than 20 mm.; black and hcney-yellow in color. 
 
 synodica. 
 
 A A. Species larger, over 20 mm.; black marked with reddish or orange. 
 
 bella. 
 
 Okanag ana synodica (Say). 
 
 (PI. xxii, figs. 5-6; pi. xxv, fig. 11; pi. xxvi, fig. 19; pi. xxvii. fig. 15.) 
 Cicada synodica Say, Jl. Acad. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 334, 1825; Com pi. Writ., ii, 
 p. 253. 
 
 Cicada synodica Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., i, p. 341, 1876; iii, p. 4. r ,:>. 1877. 
 Ttbicen synodica \Voodw., Psyche, v, p. 68, 1888. 
 Tibicr.n xynodica Mac?., Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 78, 1901. 
 Ok'inayana synodica Dist., Cat. Homop., Cicadidae, p. 126, 1906. 
 Okanagana synodica Van D., Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiii. pp. 27, 40, 1915. 
 Okanayana synmlica Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 503, 1917. 
 
 A small black and honey-yellow species. Specimens at hand measure 
 from 15 to 18.5 mm. 
 
 Color: Head mostly black, with a transverse line across antennal 
 ledges and base of front, three triangular spots on posterior margin and 
 median line on front, honey-yellow. Pronotum with entire margin honey-
 
 346 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 yellow except for black spots on humeral angles. On either side of the 
 pale median line are two large usually quadrate black spots, the grooves 
 on either side of these are broadly black and parallel to the lateral mar- 
 gins, and extending on parallel to the adjacent portions of the posterior 
 margins, are right-angled black marks on either side. The mesonotum is 
 honey-yellow marked with black as follows : Between the arms of the W, 
 a line extending back from these to the pale cruciform elevation with a 
 dot on either side, and laterally two large triangular posteriorly tapering 
 spots which reach the posterior margin. Abdominal terga black with the 
 posterior margins honey-yellow, the terminal segments almost wholly 
 light. The wings have the veins almost entirely honey-yellow but slightly 
 darkening apically, and usually distinctly infuscated. The basal areoles 
 of the fore wings are opaque and dark brown or brownish-yellow. The 
 flaps are grayish tinged with yellowish or orange. Beneath the insect is 
 almost wholly honey-yellow. The legs are of the same color but strongly 
 marked with dark brown, the tarsi being dark. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the speci- 
 mens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 15 to 18 . 5 
 
 Width of head 4.5 to 5.25 
 
 Expanse of fore wings. 38 to 44 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 5.75 to 6 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 1 . 25 to 2 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 2.5 to 2 . 75 
 
 The opercula are very small and narrow, strongly curved on both sides 
 and ending in an obtusely pointed apex which points mesad and ends in 
 about a line with the exterior margin of the coxa. 
 
 Genitalia: The supra-anal plate of the male is slightly but broadly 
 emarginate on the posterior margin. The uncus, viewed laterally, is nar- 
 row basally, then widens to widest point and then tapers to rather obtuse 
 apex. Viewed caudally it is broadly elliptical and slightly emarginate 
 ventrally. The ventral piece has very stout arms which are deeply 
 divided and whose apices suddenly narrow and turn slightly mesad. The 
 last ventral segment of the male is distinctly less than twice as wide as 
 long, the lateral margins are distinctly sinuate and the apex is truncate. 
 The pygofers of the female have the posterior margins distinctly sinuate 
 to the very small but distinct median tooth. The last ventral segment of 
 the female has the lateral margins slightly sinuate and the posterior mar- 
 gin is broadly and deeply emarginate nearly three-fourths of the distance 
 to the base. The ovipositor is stout and the lateral pieces are each sup- 
 plied with about thirteen very regular ridges and teeth.
 
 LAWSON; KANSAS CICADIOE. 
 
 347 
 
 Distribution: This species occurs in the western part of the 
 state as shown by the following map. The records from Wai 
 lace, Logan and Rooks counties are those of the Kansas State 
 Agricultural College. Van Duzee records it from Colorado and 
 New Mexico. Accordingly Kansas would seem to be the east- 
 ern limit of its range. 
 
 Okanagana bella Davis. 
 
 (PI. xxii. figs. 3-4: pi. xxv, fig. 10; pi. xxvi, fig. 17; pi. xxvii, fig. 21.) 
 Okanayaiia bella Davis, Jl. X. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvii, p. 198, pi. 20, fig. 1, 1919. 
 
 A medium-sized black species, marked with reddish or orange. Speci- 
 mens at hand measure from 21.5 to 22 mm. 
 
 Color: Head black, with antennal ledges, dash back of median ocellus, 
 sometimes two spots at base of front and median line on upper portion of 
 front, reddish-orange. Pronotum black, sometimes margined all around 
 with orange, but always along the posterior margin. Mesonotum black, 
 anterior arms of dark cruciform elevation spotted with orange and in 
 front of them are two orange spots. The metanotum is black, the pos- 
 terior margin being orange. Abdominal terga black, posterior margins 
 narrowly orange dorsally, the orange band wider laterally. The wings 
 have the costal margin orange to the end of the radial cell, the remainder 
 of the veins being brown. The basal areole of the fore wing is dark 
 brown, the flaps of both wings and parts of the bases of each wing being 
 strongly orange. Beneath the insect is orange and black, the abdominal 
 sternites with the posterior margins orange, the orange replacing the 
 black more and more on the posterior segments. The legs are orange but 
 strongly marked and striped with black.
 
 348 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 21'. 5 to 22 
 
 Width of head 7 to 7.25 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 60 to 65 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 10 to 11 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 3 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 4 
 
 Length of valve 5 
 
 The opercula are very small, widest basally, then suddenly narrowed 
 due to a sudden incurving of the lateral margin. Then they slightly 
 widen again before the lateral margin meets the mesal margin in an ob- 
 tuse point which points mesad. The valve is quite elongate and acutely 
 pointed apically. 
 
 Genitalia; The supra-anal plate of the male is very slightly emar- 
 ginate apically. The uncus, viewed laterally, is narrow basally, then 
 widened, the margins subparallel till near the very slightly hooked apex. 
 Viewed caudally it is emarginate apically and the emargination appears 
 slightly notched on each side. The ventral piece has the arms very widely 
 separated and each is slightly notched apically. The last ventral seg- 
 ment of the male is nearly as long as wide, the lateral margins distinctly 
 sinuate and the posterior margin truncate. The pygofers of the female 
 have the posterior margins slightly sinuate on either side of the stout 
 median terminal projection. The last ventral segment of the female has 
 the lateral margins strongly narrowed and the posterior margin is 
 angularly emarginate fully one-half the distance to the base. The ovi- 
 positor is stout, the lateral pieces each bearing about a dozen broad teeth. 
 
 Distribution: The only record of the occurrence of this 
 species in Kansas is that given by Davis who states that there 
 is a pair of specimens of this species from this state in the 
 collection of the Academy of Natural Sciences, Philadelphia. 
 Presumably it occurs in the western part of the state. The 
 specimens examined are from Colorado, Arizona, Utah and 
 Oregon. In addition Davis names the following states where 
 this species is known to occur: New Mexico, Wyoming, Mon- 
 tana, Idaho, California and Washington, and it also occurs in 
 Alberta and British Columbia. 
 
 Remarks: As Davis mentions, members of this species have 
 in the past been confused with Okanagana rimosa (Say). 
 
 Genus TIBICINOIDES Dist. 
 
 The members of this genus are very like those belonging 
 to the genus Okanagana. The chief difference lies in the very 
 evident median transverse suture of the fore wings which is 
 much less distinct in the members of the latter genus. 
 
 A single member of the genus occurs in Kansas.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^E. 349 
 
 Tibicinoides hesperius (Uhl.). 
 
 (PI. xxiii, figs. 3-4: pi. xxv, fig. 9; pi. xxvi, fig. 18; pi. xxvii, fig. 14.) 
 Cicada hfxperia Uhl., Bui. U. S. Geol. Geog. Surv., i, p. 342, 1876. 
 Tibicen hesperia Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 161, 1892. 
 Tibicinii.' lifx/n-rin Dist., Cat. Homop., Cicadidae, p. 125, 1906. 
 Tibicimiiili-x ln-x,,i->'niii Van D.. Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxiii, pp. 27, 43, 1915. 
 Tibiciniil,'x I,<>XJ,,',-;HK Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 504, 1917. 
 Okanayana /*/<< no Pavis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvii, p. 218, 1919. 
 
 A rather small honey-yellow and black species with the wings clouded 
 basally and strongly marked with reddish or orange. The specimens at 
 hand measure from 19 to 21 mm. 
 
 Color: Head black, marked with yellowish as follows: The antennal 
 ledges, a large median elliptical spot on upper portion of front, often 
 three spots at base of front, and a median line caudad of median ocellus. 
 Pronotum black, bordered entirely with a narrow yellow collar, with 
 yellowish markings in grooves and on lateral parts. Mesonotum black, 
 marked with yellowish as follows : Tips of outer arms of W and its bases, 
 the extreme lateral margins, and cephalad of the black-spotted anterior 
 arms of the light cruciform elevation. The metanotum is mostly yellowish. 
 Abdominal terga mostly yellowish, the first two segments darker and 
 with median and lateral darker lines on all the segments. Sometimes 
 the abdomen is entirely black with only the posterior margins yellowish. 
 The wings have the costal margin yellowish up to the tip of the radial 
 cell, otherwise the veins are brownish to black. Usually the veins are 
 heavily infuscated up to the marginal cells, giving the basal portion a 
 brownish color. The basal areoles of the fore wings are heavily clouded 
 with brown. The flaps of both wings are reddish or orange as are 
 other parts of the base of the hind wings. Beneath, the insect is honey- 
 yellow, strongly marked with black, the abdomen being lighter than 
 the other parts. The legs are so heavily marked with black as to appear 
 nearly entirely dark. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 19 to 21 
 
 Width of head . . 6.5 to 7.5 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 51 to 53 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 7 . 5 to 9 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 2.5 
 
 The opercula are broader than long, widest at the base, then suddenly 
 narrowed by the excavation of the lateral margin, the obtuse apex point- 
 ing mesad. The nodal furrow of the fore wings is very marked, forming 
 a distinct transverse V with its arms widely separated. 
 
 Genitalia: The supra-anal plate of the male is very slightly but dis- 
 tinctly emarginate posteriorly. The uncus, viewed laterally, is widest 
 near the base, the apex having a distinct downward hook due to a ventral 
 preapical rounded incision. Viewed caudally it narrows apically and 
 shows the lower margin to be distinctly emarginate. The ventral piece 
 has its arms separated by a wide rounded incision and their apices are
 
 350 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 turned distinctly mesad. The last ventral segment of the male is con- 
 siderably less than twice as wide as long, the lateral margins are strongly 
 sinuate, and the broad truncate apex is broadly and clearly incised. The 
 pygofers of the female have the margins regularly curving to the small 
 but stout median tooth. The last ventral segment of the female is 
 quite characteristic, the lateral margins being sinuate while the posterior 
 margin is deeply and angularly excavated over one-half the distance to 
 the base, the margins of the excavation being distinctly notched. The 
 ovipositor is short and stout, the teeth on the lateral pieces being quite 
 ro".nded and even, about a dozen on each side. 
 
 Distribution: This species has been taken in the three west- 
 ern counties of Trego, Ellis and Russell. The latter two records 
 are those of the Kansas State Agricultural College. Van Duzee 
 records it from Colorado, Nevada, and California. Davis men- 
 tions New Mexico, Arizona and Montana as states where it 
 occurs. It is very evidently a western species which reaches 
 its eastern limits in Kansas. 
 
 Remarks: There seems to be some doubt as to the proper 
 generic disposition of this species. Davis places it in the genus 
 Okanagana because the relative size of the marginal cells and 
 those of the median area of the fore wing is about the same 
 as in the members of that genus. On the other hand the color- 
 ing of the fore wings is that of the genus Tibicinoides as is 
 also the very conspicuous nodal furrow. 
 
 Genus MELAMPSALTA Kol. 
 
 These are very small cicadas. The tympanal coverings are 
 lacking, and the venation of the fore wings is very characteris- 
 tic in that the marginal cells are of about the same size or even 
 longer than the cells of the median area. 
 
 The single member of the genus occurs in Kansas. 
 
 Melampsalta calliope (Walk.). 
 
 (PI. xxiii, figs. 7-8; pi. xxv, fi?. 7; pi. xxvi, fig. 21; pi. xxvii, fig. 6.) 
 Cicada calliope Walk., List Homop.. i, p. 212, 1850. 
 
 Cicada parvula Say. .11. Ar:ut. Nat. Sci. Phila., iv, p. 233, 1825; Compl. Writ., ii, 
 p. 253. 
 
 Cicada pallescens Germ., Them, Ent. Archiv., ii, p. 8, 1830. 
 
 Carinela parvula Uhl., Ent. Am., iv, p. 22, 1888. 
 
 Cicada parvula Uhl., Trans. Md. Acad. Sci., i, p. 165, 1892. 
 
 Cicada parrula Macg., Can. Ent., xxxiii, p. 76,- 1901. 
 
 Cicada calliope Kirk., Can. Ent., xli, p. 390, 1909. 
 
 MelampsaUa pan-ultt Van D., Bui. Buf. Soc. Nat. Sci., ix, p. 184, 1909. 
 
 Melampealta calliope Van D., Cat. Hemip. N. A., p. 506, 1917. 
 
 Melampsalta calliope Davis, Jl. N. Y. Ent. Soc., xxvi, p. 154, 1918. 
 
 A very small yellowish-brown to greenish species. Specimens at hand 
 measure from 12.25 to 15.5 mm.
 
 LAWSON: KANSAS CICADID^. 351 
 
 Color: Head in brown forms either practically unmarked or with an 
 irregular broad transverse black band with a distinct dash projecting 
 cephalad on each side of the base of the front which itself is basally dark 
 except for the light median portion. Pronotum of brown forms either 
 unmarked or the grooves irregularly marked with black. The mesonotum 
 of the brown forms has two short median and two large lateral black 
 linee. The abdominal terga of the brown forms may be unmarked or 
 darkened basally and laterally. The wings of the brown forms have 
 brownish veins, the basal areoles of the fore wings are clear and the flaps 
 of both wings are grayish with a brownish tinge. Beneath, the body is 
 nearly uniformly brown, the legs" being marked with darker lines. The 
 green forms at hand are uniformly green except for a transverse black 
 band on the head cephalad of the eyes, black spots below the antennae, and 
 the rostrum and tips of tarsi blackish. 
 
 Form: The following are the measurements in millimeters of the 
 specimens at hand: 
 
 Length of body 12.25 to 15.5 
 
 Width of head 3.5 to 4.5 
 
 Expanse of fore wings 33 to 40 
 
 Greatest width of fore wing 5.5 to 7 
 
 Greatest width of operculum 3 
 
 Greatest length of operculum 3.25 
 
 The cells of the median area of the forewing are of about the same 
 size or shorter than the marginal cells. This is most constant in regard 
 to the relative length of cells 1st R-, and 2nd R.-.. 
 
 The opercula are quite small, about as broad as long, widely separated 
 medially, and broadly rounding laterally and posteriorly. 
 
 Genitalia: The supra-anal plate of the male when viewed laterally is 
 seen to be strongly pointed dorsally and to have a distinct caudally-pro- 
 jecting dorsal lobe on the posterior margin, just below which is a smaller 
 rounded lobe. The uncus, viewed laterally, appears like a short, acute, 
 curved process. Viewed caudally it consists of two diverging processes 
 which taper to subacute apices. The last ventral segment of the male is 
 triangular, about one-third wider than long, the lateral margins sinuately 
 tapering to the obtuse apex. The pygofers of the female have the mar- 
 gins sinuate to the base of the large median spine. The last ventral 
 segment of the female is very short and the posterior margin is broadly 
 and triangularly emarginate nearly to the base. The ovipositor is 
 equipped with about ten distinct and well rounded teeth on each side.
 
 352 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 
 Distribution: This is a quite common species in the state. 
 The records show it to be well distributed over Kansas as 
 shown by the following map. The records from Riley and 
 Russell counties are those of the Kansas State Agricultural Col- 
 lege. Van Duzee records it from the following other states : 
 New Jersey, North Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Tennessee, 
 Louisiana, Arkansas, Illinois, Nebraska, Iowa, Colorado and 
 Texas. Davis reports it from Mississippi also.
 
 Explanation of Plates. 
 
 (353) 
 
 23 Sci. Bui. 3058
 
 PLATE XVIII. 
 MALE GENITALIA. 
 
 1. Lateral view of Tibicen linnet. 
 
 2. Caudal view of Tibicen linnei. 
 
 3. Lateral view of Tibicen prtiino'iaa. 
 
 4. Caudal view of Tibicen pruinosa. 
 
 5. Lateral view of Tibicen lyricen. 
 
 6. Caudal view of Tibicen lyricen. 
 
 (354)
 
 PLATE XVIII. 
 
 (355)
 
 PLATE XIX. 
 MALE GENITALIA 
 
 1. Lateral view of Tibicen marginal-is. 
 
 2. Caudal view of Tibicen marginalis. 
 
 3. Caudal view of Tibicen resonans. 
 
 4. Lateral view of Tibicen resonans. 
 
 5. Caudal view of Tibicen auletes. 
 
 6. Lateral view of Tibicen auletes. 
 
 (356)
 
 PLATE XIX. 
 
 6 
 
 (357)
 
 PLATE XX. 
 MALE GENITALIA 
 
 1. Caudal view of Tibicen dealbata. 
 
 2. Lateral view of Tibicen dealbata. 
 
 3. Caudal view of Tibicen resh. 
 
 4. Lateral view of Tibicen resh. 
 
 5. Caudal view of Tibicen dorsata. 
 
 6. Lateral view of Tibicen dorsata. 
 
 (358)
 
 PLATE XX. 
 
 (359)
 
 PLATE XXI. 
 MALE GENITALIA 
 
 1. Lateral view of Tibicen bifidus. 
 
 2. Caudal view of Tibicen bifidus. 
 
 3. Lateral view of Tibicen superba. 
 
 4. Caudal view of Tibicen superba. 
 
 5. Caudal view of Tibicen vitripennis. 
 
 6. Lateral view of Tibicen vitripennis. 
 1. Caudal view of Tibicen eugraphica. 
 8. Lateral view of Tibicen eugraphica. 
 
 f.360)
 
 PLATE XXI 
 
 (361)
 
 PLATE XXII. 
 MALE GENITALIA 
 
 1. Lateral view of Tibicen aurifera. 
 
 2. Caudal view of Tibicen aurifera, 
 
 3. Caudal view of Okanagana bella. 
 
 4. Lateral view of Okanagana bella,. 
 
 5. Lateral view of Okanagana synodica. 
 
 6. Caudal view of Okanagana synodica 
 
 (362)
 
 PLATE XXII. 
 
 (363)
 
 PLATE XXIII. 
 MALE GENITALIA 
 
 1. Lateral view of Cicada hieroglyphica. 
 
 2. Caudal view of Cicada, hieroglyphica. 
 
 3. Lateral view of Tibicinoides hesperius. 
 
 4. Caudal view of Tibicinoides hesperius. 
 
 5. Caudal view of Proarna venosa. 
 
 6. Lateral view of Proarna venosa. 
 
 1. Caudal view of Melampsalta calliope. 
 
 8. Lateral view of Melampsalta calliope. 
 
 9. Caudal view of Tibicina septendecim var. cassinii. 
 10. Lateral view of Tibicina septendecim var. cassinii. 
 
 (364)
 
 PLATE XXIII. 
 
 (365)
 
 PLATE XXIV. 
 OVIPOSITORS 
 
 1. Tibicen lyricen. 
 
 2. Tibicen linnei. 
 
 3. Tibicen pruinosa. 
 
 4. Tibicen superba. 
 
 5. Tibicen aurifera. 
 
 6. Tibicen resonans. 
 
 7. Tibicen resh. 
 
 8. Tibicen dorsata. 
 
 9. Tibicen marginalis. 
 10. Tibicen dealbata. 
 
 (366)
 
 PLATE XXIV 
 
 ^ 
 
 a 
 
 6 
 
 (367)
 
 PLATE XXV. 
 OVIPOSITORS 
 
 1. Tibicen auletes. 
 
 2. Tibicen eugraphica. 
 
 3. Tibicen vitripennis. 
 
 4. Tibicen bifidus. 
 
 5. Tibicina septendecim. 
 
 6. Cicada hieroglyphica. 
 
 7. Melampsalta calliope. 
 
 8. Proarna venosa. 
 
 9. Tibicinoides hesperius. 
 
 10. Okanagana bella. 
 
 11. Okanagana synodica. 
 
 (368)
 
 PLATE XXV. 
 
 P 
 
 I 
 
 . 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 (369) 
 
 24 Sci. Bui. 3<>~
 
 PLATE XXVJ. 
 LAST VENTRAL SEGMENT OF THE MALE 
 
 1. Tibicen auletes. 
 
 2. Tibicen resh. 
 
 3. Tibicen dealbata. 
 
 4. Tibicen dorsata. 
 
 5. Tibicen marginalis 
 
 6. Tibicen vitripennis 
 
 7. Tibicen eugraphica. 
 
 8. Tibicen lyricen. 
 
 9. Tibicen bifidiis. 
 
 10. Tibicen pruinosa. 
 
 11. Tibicen linnei. 
 
 12. Tibicen superba 
 
 13. Tibicen resonans. 
 
 14. Tibicina septendecim. 
 
 15. Tibicen aurifera. 
 
 16. Cicada hieroglyphica. 
 
 17. Okanagana bella. 
 
 18. Tibicinoides hesperius. 
 
 19. Okanagana synodica 
 
 20. Proarna venosa. 
 
 21. Melampsalta calliope. 
 
 (370)
 
 PLATE XXVI. 
 
 18 
 
 19
 
 PLATE XXVJI. 
 LAST VENTRAL SEGMENT OF THE FEMALE 
 
 1. Tibicen auletes 
 
 2. Tibicen eugraphica: 
 
 3. Tibicen marginalia. 
 
 4. Tibicen vitripennis 
 
 5. Tibicen resh. 
 
 6. Melampsalta calliope. 
 1. Tibicen dorsata. 
 
 8. Proarna venosa. 
 
 9. Tibicen resonans. 
 
 10. Tibicen pruinosa. 
 
 11. Tibicen lyricen 
 
 12. Tibicen aurifera. 
 
 13. Tibicen bifidus. 
 
 14. Tibicinoides hesperius. 
 
 15. Okanagana synodica. 
 
 16. Tibicen linnei 
 
 17. Tibicen dealbata. 
 
 18. Tibicen superba 
 
 19. Tibicina septendecim. 
 
 20. Cicada hieroglyphica. 
 
 21. Okanagana bella. 
 
 (372)
 
 PLATE XXVII. 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 20 
 
 21
 
 INDEX. 
 
 _ M . PAGE 
 
 auletes, 1 ibicen ............................................. 32g 
 
 aurifera, Tibicen ................................ 32j 
 
 bella, Okanagana ...................................... 347 
 
 bifidus, Tibicen ....................................... ..315 
 
 calliope, Melampsalta .................................. 350 
 
 cassinii, var. Tibicina septendecim ........................ 345 
 
 Cicada ........................................... ............. 338 
 
 hieroglyphica ............................................... 338 
 
 Cicadidae ....................................................... 309 
 
 Cicadinse ....................................................... 338 
 
 Key to genera ............................................... 338 
 
 dealbata, Tibicen ................................................ 333 
 
 dorsata, Tibicen ................................................. 328 
 
 eugraphica, Tibicen ...................................... 
 
 Explanation of plates ......................................... 
 
 hejperius, Tibicinoides ........................................... 349 
 
 hieroglyphica, Cicada .................. .......................... 3S8 
 
 linnei, Tibicen ................................................... 320 
 
 lyricen, Tibicen ................................................. 323 
 
 marginalis, Tibicen .............................................. 331 
 
 Melampsalta ............................................. . ...... 350 
 
 calliope ...................... 
 
 Okanagana ..................................................... 345 
 
 bella ....................................................... 347 
 
 Key to species ............................................. 
 
 synodica .................................................. ^45 
 
 Proarna ................................................ 
 
 venosa ............................................. 
 
 pruinosa, Tibicen ................................................ 318 
 
 resh, Tibicen ........................................... 320 
 
 resonans, Tibicen ............................ 
 
 septendecim, Tibicina ..................................... 
 
 Subfamilies, Key to ................................ 
 
 superba, Tibicen ................. 
 
 synodica, Okanagana ............................................ 34o 
 
 Tibicen 
 
 auletes ...................... 
 
 aurifera ................................................. 
 
 bifidus ............................................ 
 
 dealbata ...................... 
 
 dorsata .......................... 
 
 eugraphica 
 
 Key to species 
 
 linnei ............................... 
 
 323 
 
 .................. 
 
 marginalis ....................... 
 
 pruinosa 
 
 rocV> 
 
 resn ................................ 
 
 resonans ...................... 
 
 superba ............... 
 
 vitripennis .............. 
 
 Tibiceninse ..................... 
 
 Tibicina ......................... 
 
 septendecim ...... 
 
 septendecim var. cassinii 
 
 (375)
 
 376 INDEX. 
 
 Tibicininae 342 
 
 Key to genera 342 
 
 Tibicinoides 348 
 
 hesperius 
 
 venpsa, Proarna 340 
 
 vitripennis, Tibicen 336 
 
 n
 
 Publications of the University of Kansas. 
 
 The following publications of the University of Kansas are offered for 
 sale at the prices named below, or in exchange for other publications of 
 like character and of equal value. 
 
 KANSAS UNIVERSITY QUARTERLY. 
 Volume. 
 
 I. No. 1, supply large; price, 50 cents. No. 2, supply exhausted. 
 No. 3, supply exhaused. No. 4, supply small; price, 75 cents. 
 Price per volume, $3. 
 
 II. No. 1, supply exhausted. No. 2, supply exhausted. No. 3, supply 
 exhausted. No. 4, supply exhausted. Price per volume, $3. 
 
 III. No. 1, supply exhausted. No. 2, supply exhausted. No. 3, supply 
 
 small; price, 75 cents. No. 4, supply small; price, 50 cents. 
 Price per volume, $3. 
 
 IV. No. 1, supply small; price, 50 cents. No. 2, supply small; price, 
 
 75 cents. No. 3, supply exhausted. No. 4, supply exhausted. 
 Price per volume, $3. 
 V. Nos. 1 and 2, supply exhausted. Price per volume, $2. Volume V 
 
 consists of only two numbers. 
 
 VI, A. Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, supply exhausted. Price per volume, $3. 
 VI, B. Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, supply large; price per number, 50 cents; 
 
 price per volume, $2. 
 
 VII, A. Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, supply exhausted. Price per volume, $3. 
 VII, B. Nos. 1 and 2 (double number), 3, and 4, supply large; price per 
 
 number, 50 cents; price per volume, $2. 
 VIII, A. Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, supply large; price per number, 50 cents; 
 
 price per volume, $2. 
 
 VIII, B. No. 1, supply small; price, 50 cents. Publication suspended. 
 IX, A. Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, supply large; price per number, 50 cents; 
 
 per volume, $2. 
 
 X, A. Nos. 1, 2, 3, and 4, supply large; price per number, 50 cents; 
 per volume, $2. 
 
 SCIENCE BULLETIN. 
 Volume. 
 
 I. Nos. 1 to 12, price, $3; supply large. 
 
 II. Nos. 1 to 15, price, $3; supply large. 
 
 III. Nos. 1 to 10, price, $3; supply large. 
 
 IV. Nos. 1 to 20, price, $3; supply large. 
 V. Nos. 1 to 21, price, $3; supply large. 
 
 VI. Nos. 1 to 7, price, $3; supply large. 
 
 VII. Nos. 1 to 17, price, $3; supply large. 
 
 VIII. Nos. 1 to 10, price, $3; supply large. 
 
 IX. Nos. 1 to 21, price, $3; supply large. 
 
 X. Nos. 1 to 15, price, $3; supply large. 
 
 XI. Price, $3; supply large. 
 
 XII. Nos. 1 and 2; supply large.
 
 BULLETINS OF DEPARTMENT OF ENTOMOLOGY. 
 
 "Two Grain Insects." V. L. Kellogg (with F. H. Snow). 
 
 "Common Injurious Insects of Kansas." V. L. Kellogg. 
 
 "The Horn Fly of Cattle." V. L. Kellogg (with F. H. Snow). 
 
 "The More Destructive Grasshoppers of Kansas." S. J. Hunter (with 
 
 F. H. Snow). 
 
 "Scale Insects Injurious to Orchards." S. J. Hunter. 
 "Alfalfa, Grasshoppers, Bees; Their Relationships." S. J. Hunter. 
 "The Honey Bee and Its Food Plants in Kansas." S. J. Hunter. 
 "The Green Bug and Its Natural Enemies." S. J. Hunter. 
 "Report of Results of University Research Commission on Horse Plague." 
 
 S. J. Hunter, A. L. Skoog, W. K. Trimble, N. P. Sherwood. 
 "Orchard Problems and How to Solve Them." H. B. Hungerford. 
 "Studies in Kansas Insects." 
 
 1. Grasshoppers; Melanopli of Kansas. P. W. Classen. 
 
 2. Grasshoppers; GEdipodinse of Kansas. R. H. Beamer. 
 
 3. Dragonflies of Kansas. C. H. Kennedy. 
 
 4. Scale Insects Injurious to Fruit and Shade Trees. P. W. Law- 
 
 son. 
 
 5. Spring Cankerworm and Its Control. W. H. Wellhouse. 
 Applications should be made to the State Entomologist, University of 
 
 Kansas. 
 
 UNIVERSITY GEOLOGICAL SURVEY OF KANSAS. 
 
 Volume. 
 
 I, 1896. General Stratigraphy of Eastern Kansas; exhausted. 
 
 II, 1897. General Geology of Western Kansas; exhausted. 
 
 III, 1898. Special Report on Coal; weight, 4 pounds. 
 
 IV, 1898. Upper Cretaceous Paleontology; exhausted. 
 
 V, 1899. Gypsum and Gypsum Cement Plasters; weight, 2 pounds. 
 VI, 1900. Carboniferous Invertebrates and Cretaceous Fishes; weight, 
 
 4 pounds. 
 
 VII, 1902. Special Report on Mineral Waters; weight, 3 pounds. 
 VIII, 1904. Special Report on Lead and Zinc; weight, 4 pounds. 
 
 IX, 1909. Special Report on Oil and Gas; exhausted. 
 Bulletin 1, 1913. Special Report on Well Waters in Kansas; weight, 
 1 pound. 
 
 2, 1915. Crystalline Rocks in Kansas; weight, 1 pound. 
 
 3, 1917. Oil and Gas Resources of Kansas. 
 
 MINERAL RESOURCES OF KANSAS. 
 
 Report for 1897, 1898, 1900-'01, 1902; exhausted. 
 Report for 1899, 1903; postage, 4 cents each. 
 
 The reports and bulletins of the University Geological Survey of 
 Kansas and the reports on the Mineral Resources of Kansas are for free 
 distribution on receipt of the proper postage, or may be sent by express, 
 charges collect. Where weights are given consult your postmaster for 
 parcel-post rates. Applications should be made to the State Geologist.
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below 
 
 AP R 2 2 USD 
 
 Form L-9-20n-8,'37 
 
 C 
 LO.
 
 p.rie. E-apt. 
 SB 
 
 945 T.nwson m 
 
 L5L4 The 
 
 Cicadell-Idae 
 
 K"a.nsas. 
 
 AA 001 019395 1