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 Provident Institutions 
 
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 Comptroller 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, PA., U. S. A. 
 
 f Of THE 
 
 f UNIVERSITY 
 
 1905 
 
 OF 
 
Railway 
 Provident Institutions 
 
 in 
 
 English-Speaking 
 Countries 
 
 Being a consolidation of Reports submitted to the Permanent International Commission of the 
 International Railway Congress at Brussels, Belgium, Europe, under date of July 1st and 
 October 22d, 1904, respectively, conformably with appointment in April, 1902 (while holding 
 the office of Assistant Comptroller of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company), as "Reporter for 
 Countries Using the English Language," in connection with the Seventh Session of the Inter- 
 national Railway Congress, to be held in Washington, D. C, U. S. A., in May, 3—13 1905. 
 
 M. RIEBENACK 
 
 Comptroller 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company 
 
 philadelphia, pa., u. s. a. 
 *<TbTa * =•■■ ■-. 
 
 OF THE 
 
 NIVERSITY 
 
 OF 
 
 1905 
 
h- 
 
 
 ^V 
 
 Copyright, 1905, by M. Riebenack 
 
Railway Provident Institutions 
 
 IN 
 
 ENGLISH-SPEAKING COUNTRIES. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 This publication embodies the substance of two reports duly submitted, 
 in the capacity of "Reporter for Countries Using the English Language," 
 during the year 1904, to the Permanent International Commission of the 
 International Railway Congress, at Brussels, Belgium, Europe, for use at the 
 seventh session of the Congress, to be held at Washington, D. C, U. S. A., 
 May 3-13, 1905. 
 
 Reporters are appointed by the Commission, for the different countries, to 
 investigate and report upon specially assigned subjects, which are presented 
 and discussed during Congressional sessions. The Congress meets every two 
 years (recent meetings have, however, been held every five years), and the 
 first session, held at Brussels in August, 1885, was attended by 257 dele- 
 gates, and was convened to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the 
 inauguration of the Belgian Railways. The last, or sixth, session was 
 held in the "Palais des Congres" of the Paris International Exhibition, 
 September 20-October 1, 1900, and was attended by 1,249 delegates. 
 
 The " General " and " Supplemental " reports which I submitted to the Com- 
 mission on the above-mentioned subject were compiled under certain restric- 
 tions as to space and time imposed by that body, which inevitably precluded 
 other than limited exploitation for the various provident features discussed 
 therein. Numerous changes and additions have been introduced in this 
 reprint, with the view of eliminating as much as possible any elements of 
 ambiguity, and minimizing possible errors of statement. 
 
 M. RIEBENACK. 
 
Railway provident institutions 
 
 English-Speaking countries 
 
 GENERAL SUBJECT 
 
 INDEX 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 
 PAGES 
 
 
 Commencing Closing 
 
 Preface. 
 
 General Introductory, 
 
 General Provident Statistics for American Railways, 
 A. — Insurance and Relief Provision, .... 
 
 a. — Life and Accident Insurance, 
 
 b. — Mutual Insurance, 
 
 c. — Endowment Insurance, 
 
 d.— Railway Relief Department, .... 
 
 e. — Employes' Relief Association, 
 
 United States, 
 
 Canada, 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 Asia, 
 
 Africa, 
 
 Australasia, 
 
 B.— Pension or Retirement Provision, .... 
 
 United States, 
 
 Canada, 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 Asia, 
 
 Africa, 
 
 Australasia, 
 
 C— Superannuation Provision, 
 
 United States, 
 
 Canada, 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 Africa, 
 
 Australasia, 
 
 1 
 
 10 
 
 12 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 127 
 
 17 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 77 
 
 77 
 
 82 
 
 17 
 
 82 
 
 82 
 
 89 
 
 89 
 
 118 
 
 118 
 
 122 
 
 123 
 
 125 
 
 126 
 
 127 
 
 129 
 
 178 
 
 129 
 
 149 
 
 149 
 
 150 
 
 150 
 
 177 
 
 177 
 
 177 
 
 178 
 
 178 
 
 178 
 
 178 
 
 179 
 
 214 
 
 179 
 
 181 
 
 182 
 
 183 
 
 183 
 
 210 
 
 210 
 
 213 
 
 213 
 
 214 
 
GENERAL SUBJECT INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 PAGES 
 
 Commencing 
 
 D. — Hospital Service, 
 
 United States, 
 
 Mexico, 
 
 Panama, 
 
 Sandwich Islands (Hawaii), 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 Asia, 
 
 Africa, 
 
 E. — Savings Funds, 
 
 United States, 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 Asia, 
 
 Africa, 
 
 F.— Co-operative Capital Stock Scheme, • • • 
 
 United States, 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 G. — Young Men's Christian Association R.W.Brs., 
 
 United States, 
 
 Mexico, 
 
 H.— Libraries and Reading-Rooms, 
 
 United States, 
 
 Mexico, 
 
 Panama, 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 Asia, 
 
 Africa, 
 
 I.— Literary Institutes, 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 Asia, 
 
 Africa, 
 
 Australasia, 
 
 J.— Loan Provision, 
 
 United States, 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 K. — Public or Private (Outside) Provision, . • 
 
 United States, 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 Australasia, 
 
 215 
 
 215 
 221 
 222 
 223 
 223 
 226 
 229 
 
 233 
 233 
 
 238 
 241 
 241 
 
 245 
 245 
 250 
 
 253 
 
 253 
 260 
 
 261 
 261 
 262 
 263 
 263 
 265 
 265 
 
 267 
 267 
 
 271 
 271 
 273 
 
 275 
 275 
 277 
 
 279 
 279 
 
 284 
 300 
 
GENERAL SUBJECT INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 PAGES 
 
 Commencing 
 
 Closing 
 
 301 
 
 302 
 
 301 
 
 302 
 
 302 
 
 302 
 
 303 
 
 308 
 
 303 
 
 308 
 
 309 
 
 314 
 
 309 
 
 311 
 
 311 
 
 314 
 
 315 
 
 316 
 
 315 
 
 316 
 
 317 
 
 343 
 
 318 
 
 337 
 
 338 
 
 341 
 
 342 
 
 342 
 
 342 
 
 343 
 
 343 
 
 343 
 
 345 
 
 349 
 
 345 
 
 349 
 
 351 
 
 354 
 
 351 
 
 354 
 
 355 
 
 357 
 
 L. — Leave Allowance, 
 
 Asia, 
 
 Australasia, 
 
 M.— Miscellaneous Provision, 
 
 General, 
 
 N.— Railroad Orders and Brotherhoods, • . 
 
 United States, 
 
 Great Britain, 
 
 O.— Palace or Sleeping Car Companies, . . . 
 
 United States, 
 
 P.— Express Companies( United States and Canada), 
 
 a. — Insurance Provision, 
 
 b. — Pension Provision, 
 
 c. — Superannuation Provision, .... 
 d. — Young Men's Christian Association Provision, 
 e. — Library and Reading Room Provision, . . 
 
 Q. — Railway Mail Service, 
 
 United States, 
 
 R.— Welfare Work, 
 
 United States, 
 
 Conclusion, 
 
 ADDENDA. 
 
 1. — Reportorial Remarks before Section 4 of In- 
 ternational Railway Congress, Washington, 
 D. C, May 10, 1905, 
 
 2.— United States : 
 
 a.— Fraternal Society of American Association of 
 General Passenger and Ticket Agents, 
 
 b. — Free Traveling Newspaper Library, Southern 
 Pacific Company (" Sunset Route "), . . 
 
 3. — Australasia: 
 
 a. — Life Assurance, South Australian State Rail- 
 ways, 
 
 b. — Public Service Superannuation Fund, . . . 
 
 c. — Public Service Provident Fund, 
 
 d. — South Australian Railways Hospital Fund, . 
 
 4. — Asia : 
 
 a. — Libraries, Great Indian Peninsula Railway, 
 b.— Reading-Rooms, Great Indian Peninsula Rail- 
 way, 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 18 
 
 23 
 
 23 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 14 
 
OF THE 
 
 : NIV£RSfTY 
 
 OF 
 
 International Railway Congress 
 
 Seventh Session, Washington, D. C, May, 1905 
 
 QUESTION XVI (IV OF SECTION 4)— PROVIDENT INSTITUTIONS 
 
 Reporter for Countries Using the English Language 
 
 M. RIEBENACK 
 
 'Assistant Comptroller, Pennsylvania Railroad Company 
 
 Broad St. Station, Philadelphia, Pa., U.S.A. 
 
 Being a combined report, consisting of a consolidation of " General " and ' ' Supplemental " Reports, submitted 
 as of July i and October 22, 1904, respectively, conformably with appointment in April, 1902, while holding 
 the office of Assistant Comptroller of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. 
 
 Introductory comment. 
 
 Scope of investigations. 
 
 To the Permanent International Commission of the Inter- 
 national Railway Congress, Brussels, Belgium. 
 Gentlemen: — Pursuant to appointment communicated 
 through your General Secretary, under date of April 12, 
 1902, your Reporter has the honor to submit herewith 
 results of investigations conducted on Question XVI (IV 
 of Section 4) — Provident Institutions, Account of 
 Railways in Countries Using the English Language. 
 
 The line of investigation carried out has been, as will be 
 perceived, quite comprehensive, it having been the aim to 
 include in the term "provident institutions" all its 
 recognizedly important relations to railways coming 
 within the purview of the assignment. This was done 
 solely with the idea of laying before the Congress 
 a veritable compendium on all salient factors generally 
 conceded, by English-speaking nations, to be the chief 
 avenues through and by which the railway companies are 
 enabled to get on closer and more intimate terms with their 
 employes — the chief sources from which are drawn the 
 most desirable and acceptable common grounds of activity 
 between employer and employe; and which are at once 
 the manifest and inevitable means of directly improving 
 and bettering the condition of the employe generally — so 
 firmly uniting and binding his highest interests with those 
 of his employer as to create and adequately sustain a 
 happy co-operation between these two inseparable interests. 
 
 ♦Appointed Comptroller, Pennsylvania Railroad Company, effective as of 
 February i, 1905. 
 
 (1) 
 
General Introductory. 
 
 In other words, the several provident undertakings and in- 
 stitutions whose characteristics were made the subject of 
 investigations in this instance, are one and all so thoroughly 
 interwoven in the plan of railway endeavor for ameliora- 
 tion of existing improvidence among railway employes, in 
 English-speaking countries, as to be indispensable in any 
 report compiled and published as an exposition of modern 
 methods of railways in providing for the uplifting, better- 
 ment, and general care of their employes and workingmen. 
 
 General character 
 of expenditures. 
 
 Many roads not conducting either insurance or pension 
 features for the benefit of their men, expend quite as much 
 money, comparatively, for other provident undertakings, 
 as, for example, "Hospitals," "Railway Branches of the 
 Young Men's Christian Association," "Libraries," "Reading 
 Rooms," and other forms of beneficence. The expenditure 
 so voluntarily incurred is intended to serve the identical 
 ends as that assumed by other railways conducting other 
 and differing benevolent movements for their men. 
 
 Wider and better data for 
 Congressional consideration. 
 
 The character of data solicited, and largely obtained, 
 under the line of investigation pursued by your Reporter, 
 while really encyclopaedic in scope and variety, is, notwith- 
 standing, merely such as will enable the membership of the 
 Railway Congress to enjoy a fuller conception of railway 
 endeavor, in countries dominated by the English-speak- 
 ing people, toward providing contentment, competence, 
 and safety for their employes, than has hitherto been 
 possible, for the reason that past Congressional effort has 
 been restricted in this relation. 
 
 Scope of investigation 
 tabulated. 
 
 The territory comprehended in the pursuit of reportorial 
 information was practically world-wide, railway officials 
 stationed in all quarters of the habitable globe having 
 been furnished with the printed questions. The territorial 
 scope is presented in the subjoined table, which also ex- 
 hibits, in appropriately headed columns, figures indicative 
 of "initiative action" and "resultant consequences" as 
 related to interchanged correspondence: 
 
General Introductory. 
 
 America. 
 
 Europe. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 Country 
 
 D 
 
 a o 
 < z 
 
 o <-> 
 
 ° 2 
 
 D 
 
 O 
 
 Roads Mak- 
 ing No Re- 
 sponse 
 
 America : 
 United States 
 
 140 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 63 
 
 
 6 
 
 Republic of Mexico 
 
 4 
 
 Central America 
 
 7 
 5 
 
 Republic of Panama 
 
 
 *Sandwich Islands 
 
 1 
 
 ♦Philippine Islands 
 
 1 
 
 Total 
 
 149 
 
 
 87 
 
 
 
 
 Europe : 
 Great Britain and Ireland. .. 
 
 34 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 Total 
 
 34 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 Asia: 
 India and Borneo 
 
 6 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 6 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Africa : 
 British Colonial Roads 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 3 
 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 Australasia : 
 British Colonial Roads 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 1 
 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Grand Total 
 
 193 
 
 
 100 
 
 
 . 
 
 * Dependencies of the United States of America 
 
General Introductory. 
 
 General results secured. 
 
 The foregoing table discloses that out of a total of 300 
 roads addressed on the general subject, 193 roads, or 64 per 
 centum, are represented by reporting data. 
 
 Results in United States. 
 
 Comparative 
 statistics for U. S. 
 
 Results from canvass of the situation in the United States 
 were especially good. These clearly suggest that what has 
 been achieved stands for merely the frontispiece of a great 
 volume in which will be eventually presented provident 
 undertakings, in some form, for every railway operating 
 on American soil. The seed already sown has taken firm 
 hold and is now manifestly possessed of extraordinary 
 fructifying tendencies. Two hundred and three (203) roads 
 were supplied with sets of the printed reportorial questions. 
 Replies were received from 140 roads, representing in round 
 numbers an aggregate mileage of 175,000 miles, or 85 per 
 centum of the total mileage of the country, with approxi- 
 mately 1,000,000 employes, or about 76 per centum of the 
 total number of railway employes accredited to the country. 
 The character of results developed embraces the following 
 status : 
 
 Condensed table of 
 results for U. S. 
 
 Roads submitting replies on provident schemes.. 120 
 Roads advising that provident schemes are not 
 
 conducted 20 
 
 Roads making no responses 63 
 
 203 
 
 Small non-replying 
 roads not factors. 
 
 The number of non-replying roads was largely anticipated, 
 the Reporter having estimated that few, if any, American 
 roads with less than 200 miles of operated line would be 
 identified with any of the several provident plans mapped 
 out in the printed lists. Eliminating these small, non- 
 participating roads (a considerable percentage of which 
 are, it may be observed, members of the large System roads 
 
General Introductory. 
 
 5 
 
 from which replies were received, and, therefore, are 
 practically included in such System responses) as elements 
 for material consideration in this place, and it may be 
 safely announced, that quite 90 per centum of American 
 railway mileage is comprehended in the replies elicited, 
 while, abstractly speaking, all the standard representative 
 roads of the country are registered. 
 
 Canadian results. 
 
 Data for Canadian railways include the Canadian 
 Pacific, the Grand Trunk, and the Intercolonial Railway 
 Systems, with an aggregate mileage of 13,600 miles, and 
 employes to the number of about 70,000. These rank 
 as the largest and may be considered the representative 
 roads in Canada. 
 
 Mexican results. 
 
 On account of the Republic of Mexico replies were re- 
 ceived from the Mexican Central Railway, with 3,154 miles 
 of line, and 18,730 employes, and the National Lines of 
 Mexico (a System constituted by merger and consolidation of 
 respectively the National Railroad Company of Mexico, with 
 1,612.19 miles, the Mexican International Railroad Company , 
 with 880 miles, and the Interoceanic Railway of Mexico, with 
 736 miles of roadway), with 3,228.19 miles of lines and 16,008 
 employes. These two roads represent about 76 per centum 
 of the total railway mileage, and are the standard lines 
 operating in the Republic. 
 
 West Indies and 
 Central America. 
 
 Railways in the West Indies and Central America were 
 addressed experimentally, the Reporter being conversant 
 with the fact that railway investment and operation in 
 these countries are not on an extended scale, while, 
 moreover, their geographical locations, falling within the 
 tropical zone, are obviously not conducive to the successful 
 working of the most important provident enterprises. As 
 shown in the foregoing recapitulative table, replies were 
 received from none of the roads addressed in these coun- 
 tries, and the Reporter refrained from vigorous prosecution 
 of investigation thereon, for the reasons stated. 
 
Other countries. 
 
 General Introductory. 
 
 Replies received from other railways, located beyond 
 the limits of the American continent, were very gratifying. 
 They came from the better known and more prominent lines 
 in their respective countries, which circumstance insures a 
 reporting basis in every way truly representative of the 
 railway practice in the countries involved. 
 
 Specially secured data. 
 
 In addition to responses elicited by direct distribution 
 of specially prepared sets of printed questions, considerable 
 important information was derived from investigations 
 prosecuted along general lines, which resulted in the gath- 
 ering of data bearing upon provident practices of many 
 railways, in Great Britain and the United States, that 
 would otherwise have been without representation in 
 report to the Congress. 
 
 Associated outside interests. 
 
 From the standpoint of their close and continuous 
 operative association, it was deemed proper and advisable 
 to examine into and report upon the provident institutions 
 and movements conducted by or in connection with the 
 following railway auxiliaries, viz.: 
 
 a. — Express Companies ; 
 
 b. — Palace or Sleeping Car Companies; 
 
 c. — Railway Mail Service. 
 
 Classification of 
 undertakings. 
 
 The replies at hand include all the provident features 
 originally contemplated and presented by the Reporter, 
 and demonstrate that the principal agencies and methods 
 obtaining with railways dominated by English-speaking 
 people, looking to the relief and betterment of their employes, 
 are as follows: 
 
 A. — Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 B. — Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
General Introductory. 
 
 C. — Superannuation Provision. 
 
 D. — Hospital Service (including Railway Hospitals, 
 Contract Hospitals, Emergency Stations, Dispen- 
 saries, Ambulance Classes and Crews, and Hospital 
 Cars) . 
 
 E. — Savings Funds. 
 
 F. — Co-operative Capital Stock Purchasing Scheme 
 
 (a plan providing for employes becoming full stock- 
 holders, and also invested with characteristics of the 
 ordinary savings fund) . 
 
 G. — Young Men's Christian Association Railway 
 Branches (including reference to contributions by 
 roads not directly identified with such branches). 
 
 H. — Libraries and Reading-Rooms (including those 
 conducted in connection with Y . M. C. A . Branches 
 and those provided and controlled by individual 
 railways) . 
 
 I. — Literary Institutes (in vogue for the most part 
 with railways of Great Britain, and invested with 
 characteristics corresponding very nearly to those 
 common to the Young Men's Christian Association). 
 
 J. — Loan Provision. 
 
 K. — Public and Private (Outside) Provision (com- 
 prehending for the most part endowment provision 
 by private individuals on behalf of railway em- 
 ployes) . 
 
 L. — Leave Provision (covering practice of East Indian 
 railways as to granting leaves of absence, with and 
 without pay, on the basis of periods of continuous 
 service) . 
 
 M. — Miscellaneous Provision (including minor provi- 
 dent effort, such as Rest Rooms, Dining Clubs, etc.). 
 
General Introductory. 
 
 N. — Railway Brotherhoods (stick as Brotherhood oj 
 Locomotive Engineers, Order of Railway Conduc- 
 tors, Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen, etc.). 
 
 O. — Welfare Work (in vogue with large industrial 
 enterprises in the United States, including express 
 companies, street railway companies, etc., and 
 comprehending, on a small scale, many of the 
 provident movements common to the steam rail- 
 ways) . 
 
 Absence of 
 charitable features. 
 
 Each of the above-mentioned features will be discussed 
 in this report, and in the order enumerated. As their 
 titles suggest, one and all of the features are absolutely 
 disassociated from and unidentified with so-called eleemosy- 
 nary and charitable movements and benevolent effort of a 
 religious or semi-religious nature. In the greater propor- 
 tion, the employes directly benefited are active and contin- 
 uous contributors and subscribers for the benefits conferred. 
 
 Industrial advancement 
 at stake. 
 
 Origin of movement. 
 
 America and Great 
 Britain pioneers. 
 
 This array of provident undertakings is properly illustra- 
 tive of the liberal provisions made by railway management 
 during the past century, as well as in the one in which we 
 are now living. It is a great and ever-increasing movement 
 toward what may be styled "industrial advancement," 
 whose origin was the desire of industrial concerns requiring 
 for their adequate operation large forces of employes, with 
 differing lines of employment, to subserve, maintain, and 
 develop corporate entity throughout its varied ramifications. 
 The railways of America and Great Britain were among 
 the first of the great labor-employing industrial enter- 
 prises to perceive and act upon the question of concentrating 
 the interests of their employes within the purview and 
 jurisdiction of corporate oversight and control, by affording, 
 largely through disbursements from their own revenues, 
 avenues leading to the establishment of a standard of 
 
General Introductory. 
 
 Sociological status. 
 
 Railway effort 
 generally copied. 
 
 Strengthens common ties. 
 
 Composite characteristics. 
 
 Effect produced 
 on employes. 
 
 individual efficiency. In short, they have firmly grasped the 
 utilitarian side of the sociological problem in its ethical appli- 
 cation to political economy as related to railway employes, 
 and it will not be amiss to remark in this place that the 
 pace set by the railways is fast being equaled and patterned 
 after by large trade, manufacturing, and other forms of 
 general industrial enterprises. The railways began and are 
 still moving on the principle that there is indissoluble 
 mutuality of interest between employer and employe — 
 that these interests, although not identical, are, neverthe- 
 less, based fundamentally and practically upon the uni- 
 versally conceded grounds of reciprocity, as applied to the 
 primary law of cause and effect. And this broad conception 
 of the subject has necessarily engendered a more liberal and 
 intelligent diffusion of provident undertakings, one and all 
 aimed at producing close and loyal ties between the manage- 
 ment, who are the guardians of corporate capital and its 
 mutations, on the one hand, and the employes, who keep 
 the corporate machinery in requisite operative and revenue- 
 producing condition, on the other. The real keystone of 
 the arch of provident institutions is the composite pro- 
 duced by the provision made and successfully sustained at 
 railway expense, for sick, injured, and aged employes, 
 and designated beneficiaries in the event of their death, in 
 conjunction with the various opportunities for mental, physi- 
 cal, and spiritual betterment, and general relaxation and 
 recreation of the employes, while in good health and other- 
 wise possessed of capacity for their enjoyment. These pro- 
 visions, so evidently actuated by truly humane purpose, have 
 inevitably resulted in improved mental, moral, and physical 
 conditions, thus developing a reciprocal feeling between 
 capital and labor, and at the same time energy has been 
 vitalized and ambition stimulated among the rank and 
 file of railway employes. They affect directly the comfort 
 and well-being of the men, thereby insuring to a much 
 greater degree than is commonly supposed an esprit de corps 
 in the personnel of the service, which can be safely counted 
 upon to defend at all times the interests and welfare so 
 emphatically and advantageously their own. 
 
10 
 
 General Introductory. 
 
 Amplitude in queries. 
 
 Previous study of and contact with prominent auxiliaries 
 of the general subject induced the conviction that consider- 
 able amplitude in variety and number of questions pro- 
 pounded would be required to elicit from the railways 
 coming within the reportorial assignment, (whose practices 
 in this relation are very dissimilar), adequate data for the 
 purposes contemplated. This assumption has been fully 
 upheld in the light of collected and collated information, 
 as not only do the several practices of different countries 
 on the same provident undertakings exhibit striking contrast, 
 but also the forms in which the replies are presented display 
 pronounced differences. 
 
 Plan of reporting adopted. 
 
 Realizing the utter impossibility of crystallizing the great 
 mass of gathered and analyzed data into a uniform and 
 systematized whole, it has been deemed advisable to accord 
 the matter treatment herein by the exploitation of cardinal 
 features pertaining to each of the undertakings discussed, 
 consolidating, wherever possible, similarity of practice on 
 particular features by railways in the same country, and 
 only indulging any measure of detailed recital where such 
 practices embrace important points of difference. This 
 manner of procedure is not only rendered practically impera- 
 tive by the vast amount of reportorial matter calling for 
 mention, but is also further especially emphasized by the 
 restriction upon verbiage to be encompassed by report, as 
 prescribed by your Commission. 
 
 Report based on year 1903. 
 
 Unless otherwise indicated, information gazetted in 
 report relates to conditions and operations during the year 
 1903. 
 
 Order of subject treatment. 
 
 The several provident features will be taken up in the 
 order hereinbefore announced, and each feature discussed 
 by "Countries," in the order shown in the foregoing table. 
 Where a representative provident undertaking is susceptible 
 of subdivision, consequent upon varying measures adopted 
 by different roads, each subdivision will be discussed in the 
 order named herein. 
 
General Provident Statistics for American Railways. 
 
 Statistics on 
 
 Dumber of en 
 American Raj 
 
 Statistics : 
 
 For general reviewal and comparative purposes, and particularly to provide juxtaposition for figures announced herein on account of the operative results of sundry provident undertakings, there are 
 submitted below tabular statistical data for all American roads in this relation, viz. : 
 Table showing Numerical Strength of Employes, by Occupations, of American Railways, Directly Interested in "Insurance or Relief," "Pension oh Retirement," and "Superannuation" Provident Undertakings, either on Behalf 
 of or in Connection with such Employes, same being accompanied by Summarized Table presenting Total Mileage and Number of Employes for all American Railways in this Connection. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Ann Arbor Railroad — 
 
 Atlantic Coast Line Railroad 
 
 tBaltimore & Ohio Railroad System.. 
 Bangor & Aroostook Railroad... 
 
 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad 
 
 Boston & Albany Railroad 
 
 Boston & Maine Railroad 
 
 Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway- 
 
 Central Railroad Company of New Jersey. 
 
 IjChicago ife Alton Railway. 
 
 a & Eastern Illinois Railroad 
 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railway 
 
 i in :i >.» I'm iington & Quincy Railway 
 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway 
 
 Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway. 
 {-Cleveland Terminal & Valley Railroad 
 
 Cumberland Valley Railroad 
 
 Delaware. Lackawanna & Western Railroad.-. 
 Houston it Texas Central Railroad 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad..... 
 
 Lehigh Valley Railroad... 
 Long Island Railroad 
 
 Maine Central Railroad... 
 
 New York Central & Hudson River Railroad 
 
 Norfolk & Western Railway 
 
 OregoB Railroad and Navigation Company- 
 ( tregon Short Line Railroad .... 
 
 {Pennsylvania Railroad System (East and West).. 
 Philadelphia & Reading Railway.. 
 
 Portland A: Rumford Falls Railway 
 
 UQuincy, Omaha & Kansas City Railway. 
 
 ronio & Aransas Pass Railway 
 
 Southern Pacific Company (Pacific System) 
 
 Southern Pacific Company (Sunset Route) 
 
 Texas & Pacific Railway 
 
 Union Pacific Railroad 
 
 Canadian Pacific Railway 
 
 Grand Trunk Railway Systen 
 {Intercolonial Railway. 
 
 412.0 
 2(17.0 
 389.0 
 2,281.77 
 500.5 
 
 lis VII 
 
 750.0 
 J 192 13 
 8,324.0 
 1,015.09 
 
 335.92 
 
 163.15 
 
 965.30 
 
 690.0 
 
 4,301.10 
 
 1,398.0 
 391.70 
 
 3, 1 1".-. I. >i 
 
 1,722.0 
 
 687.4 
 5,831.0 
 
 1,621.0 
 
 1,827.0 
 2,933.7 
 
 12,359.0 
 
 ',, in 1 ,1 I 
 
 Office 
 Clerks 
 
 30 
 437 
 
 409 
 
 158 
 
 TUT 
 
 1,567 
 
 292 
 
 160 
 
 62 
 604 
 212 
 1,094 
 589 
 
 1S1 
 
 143 
 
 300 
 
 184 
 1,031 
 1,131 
 
 242 
 245 
 
 10,737 
 
 1,450 
 814 
 
 2,270 
 
 1,411 
 
 98 
 78 
 892 
 3,540 
 140 
 
 2,772 
 
 173 
 3,506 
 3,116 
 
 747 
 168 
 
 209 
 1,766 
 
 165 
 3,232 
 
 1,886 
 
 404 
 
 443 
 6,587 
 
 2,195 
 27 
 
 112 
 
 2,159 
 
 693 
 
 570 
 
 834 
 
 5,627 
 
 62 
 5S0 
 
 51 
 144 
 282 
 1,168 
 225 
 
 463 
 
 176 
 
 1,759 
 
 1,494 
 
 271 
 
 227 
 
 771 
 
 152 
 
 1,332 
 
 734 
 176 
 
 300 
 549 
 
 1 ,359 
 1,319 
 
 2,678 
 
 55 
 
 151 
 
 310 
 
 1,109 
 
 234 
 
 520 
 
 176 
 
 2,004 
 
 1,584 
 
 309 
 
 252 
 
 ~69 
 
 850 
 
 156 
 
 1,407 
 
 816 
 
 197 
 
 86 
 1,004 
 
 497 
 
 349 
 563 
 
 48 
 115 
 169 
 1,021 
 132 
 
 326 
 
 59 
 
 410 
 154 
 788 
 408 
 
 1,028 
 
 10 
 
 310 
 
 184 
 
 348 
 
 1 ,493 
 1,306 
 
 t Baltimore & Ohio Railroad System, vide infra p 40 
 
 IStoJES 1 * ',"' We /' ot ^burgh (each system being operated as a distinct organizati 
 
 [ihvay of ( anada did not furnish classification of employes by occupations 
 |i loose roads did not furnish classification of employes by occupations. 
 
 100 
 207 
 476 
 2,640 
 362 
 
 891 
 
 255 
 
 2,739 
 
 2,055 
 
 518 
 
 295 
 
 124 
 
 :;,cs3 
 973 
 
 97 
 
 1,997 
 
 7111 
 
 473 
 1,032 
 
 20 
 60 
 370 
 
 641 
 283 
 
 287 
 
 127 
 1,068 
 940 
 250 
 282 
 
 32" 
 
 363 
 
 216 
 
 1,158 
 
 797 
 97 
 
 107 
 
 6,927 
 327 
 
 138 
 240 
 
 363 
 
 551 
 
 67 
 
 420 
 
 167 
 1,061 
 
 88 
 
 243 
 
 116 
 
 1,702 
 
 2,382 
 
 308 
 
 264 
 
 30" 
 
 494 
 
 199 
 
 2,1115 
 
 400 
 219 
 
 2.170 
 799 
 
 7:111 
 155 
 
 2,246 
 
 1,7 11 
 
 471 
 1,853 
 
 2,324 
 
 233 
 1,931 
 
 150 
 
 619 
 
 621 
 
 1,259 
 
 1,072 
 
 1,200 
 
 335 
 4,258 
 7,157 
 
 771 
 
 254 
 3.11S 
 
 641 
 
 2,674 
 
 3,377 
 465 
 
 127 
 
 1 ,257 
 
 1,527 
 
 181 
 
 107 
 
 54' 
 
 306 
 
 128 
 
 916 
 
 255 
 3,153 
 1,860 
 
 289 
 
 47C, 
 
 415 
 665 
 576 
 3,418 
 932 
 
 2,400 
 
 638 
 5,723 
 6,246 
 
 739 
 1,453 
 
 """"(352 
 
 3,438 
 
 1,950 
 
 10,119 
 
 3,030 
 
 52 
 
 S95 
 
 8,597 
 3,685 
 
 924 
 1,630 
 
 517 
 8,732 
 3,414 
 
 2,321 
 
 3,672 
 
 Telegraph 
 
 and Di^- 
 
 Eraployes 
 Account 
 Floating 
 Equipnieni 
 
 34 
 
 8S2 
 
 152 
 
 1,698 
 
 249 
 
 311 
 1,727 
 
 32 
 
 1,371 
 
 239 
 
 1,528 
 
 772 
 529 
 
 2,028 
 9 
 
 587 
 482 
 
 1 52 
 208 
 
 170 
 104 
 5G1 
 423 
 
 114 
 
 27 
 
 163 
 
 2,172 
 
 84 
 
 122 
 
 1,050 
 
 2,650 
 
 361 
 
 800 
 
 1,941 
 
 2,815 
 
 5,138 
 
 1S4 
 
 621 
 
 17,707 
 
 643 
 
 1,516 
 
 3,002 
 2,001 
 
 3,743 
 1,008 
 
 279 
 
 170 
 
 5,669 
 
 1,1)99 
 
 5,319 
 
 4,498 
 
 9,712 
 1,195 
 
 1,294 
 3,016 
 
 
 and conducting its own provident undertakings) is shown at p. 60. 
 
10 
 
 General Introductory. 
 
 Amplitude in queries. 
 
 Previous study of and contact with prominent auxiliaries 
 of the general subject induced the conviction that consider- 
 able amplitude in variety and number of questions pro- 
 pounded would be required to elicit from the railways 
 coming within the reportorial assignment, (whose practices 
 in this relation are very dissimilar), adequate data for the 
 purposes contemplated. This assumption has been fully 
 upheld in the light of collected and collated information, 
 as not only do the several practices of different countries 
 on the same provident undertakings exhibit striking contrast, 
 but also the forms in which the replies are presented display 
 pronounced differences. 
 
 Plan of reporting adopted. Realizing the utter impossibility of crystallizing the great 
 
 mass of gathered and analyzed data into a uniform and 
 systematized whole, it has been deemed advisable to accord 
 the matter treatment herein by the exploitation of cardinal 
 features pertaining to each of the undertakings discussed, 
 consolidating, wherever possible, similarity of practice on 
 particular features by railways in the same country, and 
 only indulging any measure of detailed recital where such 
 practices embrace important points of difference. This 
 manner of procedure is not only rendered practically impera- 
 tive by the vast amount of reportorial matter calling for 
 mention, but is also further especially emphasized by the 
 restriction upon verbiage to be encompassed by report, as 
 prescribed by your Commission. 
 
 Report based on year 1903. Unless otherwise indicated, information gazetted in 
 
 report relates to conditions and operations during the year 
 1903. 
 
 Order of subject treatment. 
 
 The several provident features will be taken up in the 
 order hereinbefore announced, and each feature discussed 
 by "Countries," in the order shown in the foregoing table. 
 Where a representative provident undertaking is susceptible 
 of subdivision, consequent upon varying measures adopted 
 by different roads, each subdivision will be discussed in the 
 order named herein. 
 
Statistics on 
 number of « 
 American R 
 
 the operative results of sundry provident undertakings, there are 
 
 Table shc" and "Superannuation" Provident Undertakings, either on Behalf 
 t all American Railways in this Connection. 
 
 Ann Arb 
 
 Atlantic 
 
 fBaltimon 
 Bangor J 
 Bessemer^ 
 Boston <Sj 
 Boston 
 Buffalo, 
 
 Central 
 ||Chicago 
 Chicago 
 i Ihicago 
 Chicago 
 Cincinna 
 Cincinna 
 fClevelam 
 Cumberl: 
 
 Delaware 
 
 Houston 
 
 Illinois C 
 
 Lehigh "V 
 Long Esl 
 
 Maine C< 
 
 New Yoi 
 Norfolk 
 
 OresjoN 1 
 
 Section 
 Foremen 
 
 Other 
 Trackmen 
 
 Switchm'n, 
 
 Flagmen 
 
 and 
 
 Watchmen 
 
 55 
 
 534 
 
 267 
 3,157 
 
 83 
 
 58 
 
 89 
 
 698 
 
 100 
 
 415 
 665 
 576 
 3,418 
 932 
 
 153 
 
 2,400 
 
 127 
 
 1,257 
 
 1,527 
 
 181 
 
 107 
 
 638 
 5,723 
 6,246 
 
 739 
 1,453 
 
 54 
 
 652 
 
 306 
 
 3,438 
 
 128 
 
 1,950 
 
 916 
 
 10,119 
 
 439 
 103 
 
 3,030 
 52 
 
 165 
 
 895 
 
 788 
 305 
 
 8,597 
 3,685 
 
 1R9 
 
 QOA 
 
 34 
 
 882 
 
 15 
 
 71 
 
 152 
 
 1,698 
 
 249 
 
 375 
 
 311 
 
 1,727 
 
 1,809 
 
 1S4 
 
 280 
 
 Telegraph 
 Operators 
 and Dis- 
 patchers 
 
 Employes 
 
 Account 
 
 Floating 
 
 Equipment 
 
 All Other 
 Employes 
 
 and 
 Laborers 
 
 32 
 
 1,371 
 
 239 
 
 1,528 
 
 772 
 529 
 
 219 
 
 2,171 
 289 
 
 45 
 
 120 
 
 393 
 
 14 
 
 ?8 
 
 
 123 
 
 
 68 
 
 
 428 
 
 32 
 
 105 
 
 
 240 
 
 500 
 
 83 
 
 32 
 
 784 
 
 2 
 
 984 
 
 
 157 
 
 
 135 
 
 
 
 
 74 
 
 
 176 
 
 120 
 
 104 
 
 
 561 
 
 42 
 
 423 
 
 3 
 
 51 
 
 308 
 
 89 
 
 85 
 
 714 
 
 884 
 
 441 
 
 
 i it 
 
 fi_<57 
 
 163 
 
 2,172 
 
 84 
 
 122 
 
 1,050 
 
 2,650 
 
 361 
 
 800 
 
 1,941 
 
 2,815 
 
 5,138 
 
 184 
 
 621 
 
 17,767 
 
 643 
 
 4,516 
 
 3,002 
 2,001 
 
 618 
 
 3,743 
 1 ,008 
 
 Total 
 
 Number 
 
 Employes, 
 
 all Classes 
 
 1,563 
 17,512 
 
 1,370 
 2,676 
 5,400 
 23,205 
 4,454 
 
 11,953 
 
 4,988 
 
 32,295 
 
 38,350 
 
 5,449 
 
 5,338 
 
 -------- 
 
 33,307 
 5,391 
 
 34,249 
 
 18,621 
 5,415 
 
 4,172 
 
 49,852 
 
 15,394 
 
14 
 
 General Provident Statistics for American Railways. 
 
 Recapitulative Table, showing, in Summarized Form, 
 Total Mileage and Number of Employes for all 
 American Railways interested in above-mentioned 
 Provident Undertakings, conformably with Replies 
 addressed to Reporter. 
 
 Country and Road 
 
 Mileage 
 
 No. Employes 
 
 United States. 
 As per above table (vide pp. I 9 , 13) 
 
 57,417.78 
 3,330.30 
 
 424,615 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad _ 
 
 46.378 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Southwestern Railroad. 
 Chicago & Alton Railway 
 
 991.32 8,222 
 915.00 7.339 
 
 Cleveland Terminal & Valley Railroad 
 *Pennsylvania System (East) 
 
 88.38 
 
 5,297.53 
 
 5,061.45 
 
 250.00 
 
 1,088 
 110,729 
 
 Pennsylvania System (West) 
 
 54,096 
 
 Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City Railway- 
 
 800 
 
 Total, United States 
 
 73,351.76 
 
 653,267 
 
 
 
 Canada. 
 As per above table {vide pp. 12, 13) 
 
 12,359.00 
 1,342.00 
 
 62,652 
 
 
 5,525 
 
 
 
 
 13,701.00 
 
 68,177 
 
 
 
 Total for all American roads... . 
 
 87,052.76 
 
 721,444 
 
 * Total mileage for Pennsylvania System (East), 5,297.53 miles, arrived at 
 by deducting aggregate mileage of Cumberland Valley and Long Island Rail- 
 road Companies (affiliated lines), 554,91 miles, shown in preceding detailed 
 statement, vide pp. 12, 13. Total number of employes, 110,729, arrived at by 
 adding aggregate of employes in service of Baltimore, Chesapeake & Atlantic 
 Railway and Philadelphia & Camden Ferry Companies (affiliated lines), 402, not 
 shown in said detailed statement. 
 
General Provident Statistics for American Railways. 
 
 15 
 
 Statistics, all roads in United 
 States. 
 
 In conjunction with the total mileage and number of 
 employes afforded in the next preceding table, there is 
 given immediately hereunder a table showing statistics in 
 the same relation for all railroads in the United States for 
 the fiscal year ended June 30, 1903: 
 
 Class 
 
 Employes by class. 
 
 Number 
 Employes 
 
 General Officers 
 
 Other Officers. 
 
 General Office Clerks. 
 
 Station Agents 
 
 Other Stationmen. 
 
 Enginemen 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Conductors.. 
 
 Other Trainmen 
 
 Machinists - 
 
 Carpenters - 
 
 Other Shopmen. 
 
 Section Foremen 
 
 Other Trackmen 
 
 Switchmen, Flagmen, and Watchmen.... 
 Telegraph Operators and Dispatchers.... 
 Employes account Floating Equipment 
 All other employes and laborers. 
 
 Total 
 
 4,842 
 
 5,201 
 
 42,218 
 
 34,892 
 
 120,724 
 52,993 
 56,041 
 39,741 
 
 104,885 
 44,819 
 56,407 
 
 154,635 
 37,101 
 
 300,714 
 
 49,961 
 
 30,984 
 
 7,949 
 
 168,430 
 
 1,312,537 
 
 Mileage. 
 
 Total mileage of roads in the United States, 205,000 miles. 
 
 Uses of tables. 
 
 Comparison of these two tables discloses that the railways 
 of the United States embraced in report to the Congress, 
 for "insurance," "pension," and "superannuation" under- 
 takings, represent respectively 35.8 per centum of the total 
 mileage, and 49.7 per centum of the total number of em- 
 ployes, of the roads of the entire country, while the com- 
 bined disbursements for the features named run well up 
 into the millions of dollars annually. 
 
 These tables also serve directly to demonstrate the full 
 resources upon which the railway provident undertakings 
 may draw or operate in the conduct of organizations whose 
 
16 
 
 General Provident Statistics for American Railways. 
 
 Statistics on division of 
 labor. 
 
 Table of English moneys. 
 
 object is the general protection and betterment of railway 
 employes. 
 
 By way of further outlining the relative standing of 
 persons engaged in transportation and commerce in con- 
 nection with the various lines of industry in the labor field 
 (those engaged in what are known as the "professions" 
 not being included), there will be offered statistics recently 
 published thereon, under which the situation is divided 
 into three departments, with the following classification 
 and percentages, viz.: 
 
 Countries. 
 
 Agriculture, 
 Horticul- 
 ture AND 
 Forestry 
 
 Manufac- 
 tures and 
 Mining 
 
 Commerce 
 and Trans- 
 portation 
 
 United States 
 
 Percentage 
 35.9 
 8.0 
 12.0 
 44.6 
 37.5 
 58.2 
 58.6 
 59.4 
 37.4 
 44.3 
 21.1 
 30.7 
 48.0 
 49.8 
 49.6 
 
 Percentage 
 24.1 
 58.3 
 60.4 
 32.6 
 37.4 
 22.3 
 12.6 
 24.5 
 40.7 
 33.6 
 41.6 
 33.7 
 24.9 
 20.9 
 22.9 
 
 Percentage 
 16.3 
 
 England and Wales— 
 
 13.0 
 
 Scotland 
 
 12.4 
 
 Ireland - 
 
 5.0 
 
 Germany. 
 
 10.6 
 
 Austria 
 
 7.3 
 
 Hungary- 
 
 3.3 
 
 Italy 
 
 7.4 
 
 Switzerland— 
 
 10.7 
 
 France.. 
 
 9.4 
 
 Belgium.. 
 
 11.7 
 
 Netherlands 
 
 17.2 
 
 Denmark.. 
 
 11.8 
 
 Sweden 
 
 7.5 
 
 Norway 
 
 11.7 
 
 For the purpose of affording convenient information re- 
 specting values of English money of various denominations, 
 in general use, of which mention is made throughout 
 report, the following table, based on equivalent in coining 
 rate of the United States, is presented : 
 
 Denomination 
 
 £, Pound Sterling,or 
 
 Sovereign 
 
 Five Pounds 
 
 Two Pounds. 
 
 Half -Sovereign 
 
 Crown 
 
 Half -Crown 
 
 Equivalent in 
 
 Coining Rate 
 
 of United 
 
 States 
 
 Denomination 
 
 Equivalent in 
 
 Coining Rate 
 
 of United 
 
 States 
 
 $4,866 
 24.332 
 9.733 
 2.433 
 1.08.7 
 0.54.4 
 
 Florin 
 
 ShiUing 
 
 Sixpence __ 
 Fourpence.. 
 Threepence 
 Twopence ... 
 Penny 
 
 $0.43.5 
 0.21.7 
 0.10.8 
 0.07.2 
 0.05.4 
 0.03.6 
 0.01.8 
 
Insurance. 
 
 America. 
 
 Insurance sub-classified. 
 
 A. — Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 America. 
 
 Sub-classification : 
 
 a. — Life and Accident Insurance — regular or com- 
 mercial. 
 b. — Mutual Insurance. 
 c. — Endowment Insurance.* 
 d. — Railway Relief Department. 
 e. — Employes' Relief Association. 
 
 United States. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Commercial insurance 
 arrangement. 
 
 Life and Accident Insurance. 
 Bangor & Aroostook Railroad Company. 
 
 (412 miles; 1,370 employes.) 
 
 While this Company conducts no regular insurance feature 
 on behalf of its employes, it arranges annually for a careful 
 canvass among the men, as a whole, by representatives of 
 commercial insurance companies. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Kind of insurance. 
 
 Premium for 
 "hazardous" classes 
 
 Chicago & Alton Railway Company. 
 
 (915 miles; 7,339 employes.) 
 
 This Company instituted in 1899 a plan to aid its employes 
 in securing life and accident insurance. 
 
 Contract entered into with a prominent insurance com- 
 pany issuing both life and accident policies. 
 
 Company bears one-half the premium, on accident 
 insurance, for conductors, baggagemen, brakemen, firemen, 
 switchmen, yard foremen, and other employes usually 
 classified as "hazardous risks." 
 
 * See definition of term " Endowment," vide infra, "Note," p. 283. 
 
 (17) 
 
18 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 "Non-hazardous" classes. 
 
 Term policy issued. 
 
 Premium account 
 of term policy. 
 
 Arrangement to terminate. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Examination. 
 
 Maximumladmission age. 
 
 Premium rates. 
 
 For employes in the "non-hazardous" classes, and who 
 are consequently accorded low rates of premium, it bears 
 30 per centum of the premium. 
 
 In connection with the accident insurance there is pro- 
 vision for issuance of a "term" policy to such employes 
 as may desire it, insuring for a term not exceeding five (5) 
 years, against death from natural causes. 
 
 In aid of employe carrying a term policy, the Company 
 bears one-half the premium for the first year, the employe 
 paying the premium for the remaining years of the term. 
 The term life policy is issued only to such as hold an accident 
 policy. 
 
 The President of the Railway Company advised the 
 Reporter that this arrangement is about to terminate, 
 the Insurance Company having notified of its inability to 
 longer carry it out. 
 
 Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad Company. 
 
 (750 miles; 4,988 employes.) 
 
 Company conducts its own system of accident insurance, 
 issuing its own form of policy providing for certain benefits 
 in case of accident, as well as death benefits payable to 
 beneficiaries of deceased employes, the plan having been 
 instituted in June, 1893. 
 
 No medical examination required for admission to 
 membership. 
 
 Persons 65 years or more of age, excepting those attaining 
 that age in the service, are debarred from participation. 
 
 Rates of premium are as follows: 
 
 Officemen, Stationmen, Passenger Con- 
 ductors, Towermen, and Flagmen..*^% of wages. 
 
 Freight Trainmen and Switchmen. 2% of wages. 
 
 All others 1% of wages. 
 
 * % = Per centum. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 19 
 
 Following are the sample forms of application blank and 
 certificate for the policies issued : 
 
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20 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Benefits 
 
 Free attendance. 
 Prosthetic agencies. 
 
 Benefits are for: 
 
 Accident: One-half of usual wages not exceeding 50 
 weeks, the total not to exceed $1,000. 
 
 Death: One-half of usual wages for one year (less such 
 amounts as may have been already paid to the insured), 
 and funeral expenses and physician's bills (not exceed- 
 ing $100), the total not to exceed $1,000. 
 
 Free surgical attendance by Company surgeons. 
 
 Artificial limbs and other prosthetic agencies not in- 
 cluded in insurance contract. 
 
 No sick benefits. 
 Deficits. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Sick benefits not paid. 
 
 Company makes good fund deficiencies, and assumes 
 absolute responsibility for and support and security of the 
 fund. 
 
 Managed by the Railway Company through a special 
 representative. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Scheme. 
 
 Basis of payments. 
 
 Health Insurance. 
 
 Cincinnati, New Orleans & Texas Pacific Railway Company. 
 
 (335.92 miles; 5,338 employes.) 
 
 Company conducts no regular insurance feature of its 
 own, but in August, 1897, inaugurated a plan of encouraging 
 its employes to take out insurance in a regular accident and 
 death insurance company. 
 
 Comprehends accident insurance, and makes payments 
 for death and disability. 
 
 Indemnity and risk based on occupations, exposures, and 
 hazards. 
 
 Health Insurance written exclusively in connection with 
 Accident Insurance, for which weekly indemnities do not 
 exceed three-fourths of weekly accident indemnity; the 
 health contract covering time of actual confinement in 
 the house in excess of the first three (3) days; limit of 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 21 
 
 Policies written. 
 
 benefits 26 weeks; and limit of weekly indemnity $12.50 
 per week ; the rates being $6.00 per year for each $5.00 per 
 week sick benefit applied for. 
 
 Forms of policies written, and payments thereunder, are : 
 
 a. — Regular Policy, 52 weeks, accident only, with a 
 minimum death indemnity of $500, and weekly 
 indemnity of $5.00, and a maximum death indemnity 
 of $5,000, and weekly indemnity of $25.00; this 
 policy carrying the highest premiums. 
 
 b. — Regular Policy, with one-third off, carrying same 
 minimum and maximum allowances as "a" hereof, 
 but at rates one-third lower, and covering same 
 period, 52 weeks. 
 
 c. — Non-Contestable Policy, 104 weeks, with same 
 minimum and maximum allowances as "a" and 
 "6" hereof, and at lower rates. 
 
 d. — Non-Contestable Policy, 104 weeks, with same 
 allowances as "c" hereof, but at lower premium 
 rates. 
 
 Sick benefits. 
 
 No examination. 
 Collections. 
 
 Basis of handling scheme. 
 
 Same classification of policies are issued for weekly 
 indemnity only, with minimum and maximum payments 
 of respectively $5.00 and $25.00. 
 
 Medical examination not required. 
 
 Deduction of premiums is made monthly from the pay- 
 rolls. 
 
 Insurance Company practically secures its full premiums, 
 as it figures the cost of soliciting would amount to about 
 41 per centum and it is relieved entirely of this work; the 
 Railway is put to no expense for the soliciting feature, it 
 being taken care of by railway officers in connection with 
 their other duties; the Railway is put to an expense of about 
 $50.00 or $60.00 a month for its 4 per centum of the pre- 
 
22 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Period of insurance. 
 
 Territory covered. 
 
 Maximum of 
 monthly indemnity. 
 
 Number employes. 
 Insurance written. 
 
 Prohibitive ages. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 miums, while the insured employe receives the benefit of a 
 full insurance for 55 per centum of quoted and standard 
 rates. 
 
 The insurance is active only so long as the insured em- 
 ploye earns sufficient to pay the monthly premiums. 
 
 The insurance policy covers only injuries received within 
 the United States (not including its parts beyond the 
 seas), Canada and Mexico. 
 
 Monthly indemnity must not exceed three-fourths of the 
 employe's average income. 
 
 At close of 1903 there were 517 employes in the various 
 grades, carrying insurance aggregating $780,100 for death 
 and $7,097 for monthly indemnity. 
 
 Minimum and maximum participating ages are respect- 
 ively 18 and 60 years, these being prohibited risks. 
 
 Annual receipts, $12,633.48, made up: 
 
 Employes $11,761.92 
 
 Railway subscriptions 871.56 
 
 General. 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad Company. 
 
 (4,301.10 miles; 34,249 employes.) 
 
 The Railway Company has simply made arrangements 
 with strong accident insurance companies whereby the 
 most favorable rates are obtained for its employes on the 
 entire system. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Norfolk & Western Railway Company. 
 
 (1,722 miles; 15,394 employes.) 
 
 Company has in operation a plan of life and accident 
 insurance, under contract with regular commercial insurance 
 companies, in which its employes of all classes insure for 
 protection against injury and death, the arrangement 
 having been instituted in 1882. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 23 
 
 Premiums. 
 Classification. 
 
 Ordinary allowances. 
 
 Highest risks. 
 
 Table of indemnity 
 based on wages. 
 
 Special premiums. 
 
 Annual premiums — level insurance. 
 
 Classification for insurance risk embraces: "Select," 
 "Preferred," "Extra Preferred," "Ordinary," "Medium," 
 "Special," "Hazardous," "Extra Hazardous," "Special 
 Hazardous," "Extra Special Hazardous." 
 
 $500 insurance and $2.50 weekly indemnity, and $1,000 
 insurance and $5.00 weekly indemnity, are respectively the 
 minimum and maximum risks for the foregoing classes; 
 the premiums operating on a graduated scale, from "Select," 
 minimum, upward to "Extra Special Hazardous," maxi- 
 mum; that is, all classes may participate in these benefits. 
 
 Highest risks, with corresponding graduated premiums, 
 $6,000 insurance and $30.00 weekly indemnity, and $10,000 
 insurance and $50.00 weekly indemnity; these risks being 
 confined to "Select," "Preferred," "Extra Preferred" and 
 "Ordinary" classes. 
 
 Maximum amount of indemnity to wages subject to limit 
 for occupation: 
 
 Monthly Wages 
 
 Weekly Wages 
 
 Maximum Indemnity 
 
 $15.00 
 
 $3.50 
 
 $2.50 
 
 18.00 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 21.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 3.50 
 
 23.00 
 
 5.50 
 
 4.00 
 
 26.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 4.50 
 
 30.00 
 
 7.00 
 
 5.00 
 
 35.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 6.00 
 
 45.00 
 
 10.00 
 
 7.50 
 
 48.00 
 
 11.00 
 
 8.00 
 
 52.00 
 
 12.00 
 
 9.00 
 
 60.00 
 
 13.50 
 
 10.00 
 
 75.00 
 
 17.00 
 
 12.50 
 
 90.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 15.00 
 
 100.00 
 
 23.50 
 
 17.50 
 
 115.00 
 
 27.00 
 
 20.00 
 
 130.00 
 
 30.00 
 
 22.50 
 
 145.00 
 
 33.50 
 
 25.00 
 
 Special combinations and premiums are made for the 
 different grades of employes. 
 
24 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Premium concession. 
 
 Collections. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Premium concessions are based on privileges extended to 
 the insurance companies to do business with the employes. 
 
 Railway collects the premiums for the insurance com- 
 panies, by deduction on pay-rolls. 
 
 Number of participating employes as of February 1, 
 1904, was 3,865. 
 
 Accident insurance. 
 
 Portland & Rumford Falls Railway Company. 
 
 (68 miles; 332 employes.) 
 
 Company conducts no regular form of insurance or relief 
 scheme for its employes, but has an arrangement by which 
 it insures all its employes against accident in a specified 
 insurance company, where they do not prefer to insure in 
 other companies, the Company paying the insurance in full. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Premiums. 
 Death indemnity. 
 Weekly indemnity. 
 Solicitation. 
 
 Collection. 
 
 Texas & Pacific Railway Company. 
 
 (1,827 miles; 8,177 employes.) 
 
 Company has arrangements with various accident insur- 
 ance companies whereby its employes are insured at reason- 
 able rates and under as favorable terms as possible, the 
 plan having been started about 1881. 
 
 Premiums average about $10.20 to $61.20 per annum. 
 
 Death indemnities range from $500 to $5,000. 
 
 Weekly indemnities range from $5.00 to $25.00 per week. 
 
 Solicitation done by representatives of insurance com- 
 panies, to whom Railway Company furnishes free trans- 
 portation for the purpose. 
 
 Premiums deducted on pay-rolls of Railway Company in 
 four monthly installments, the insured signing a deduc- 
 tion order, which is turned over to Railway Company by 
 Insurance Company for collection. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 25 
 
 Railway allowance. 
 
 Number insured. 
 
 Commercial insurance. 
 
 Railway Company allowed 5 per centum on all premiums 
 collected. 
 
 Average number of participating employes, 1,250. 
 
 Union Pacific Railroad Company. 
 
 (2,933.7 miles; 15,338 employes.) 
 
 While this Company conducts no regularly organized 
 insurance or relief department for its employes, it put into 
 operation January 1, 1901, a plan enabling the men to 
 secure accident-insurance policies at reasonable rates, the 
 Company assuming one-third of the premiums for those in 
 the most hazardous occupations and one-fourth of the pre- 
 miums in other grades. 
 
 Mutual Insurance. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Ann Arbor Railroad Company. 
 
 (291.9 miles; 1,563 employes.) 
 
 In June, 1899, the officers and employes of the Company 
 organized an Employes' Relief Association, which was later 
 abandoned, and the present plan established, entitled 
 "The Ann Arbor Railroad Employes' Relief Association," 
 and the business conducted after the manner of other 
 mutual insurance associations. 
 
 Separate scheme. 
 Officers. 
 
 Election of Officers. 
 
 Conducted as a separate department. 
 
 The officers are a President, a Vice-President, a Secretary- 
 Treasurer, an Assistant Secretary-Treasurer, and an Execu- 
 tive Committee of eleven (11) members. 
 
 Officers and Executive Committee are elected by delegates 
 representing the Transportation, Roadway, and Equipment 
 Departments of the Railroad Company; the proxies of the 
 delegates consisting of receipts for premiums paid by 
 employes in the active service of the Company for the 
 month immediately preceding the meeting. 
 
26 
 
 Insurance and Reuef Provision. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Total membership. 
 Premium basis. 
 
 Minimum premiums and 
 benefits — accident. 
 
 Maximum premiums and 
 benefits — accident. 
 
 Company assumes no responsibility, the Association being 
 operated on basis of premiums paid by employes partici- 
 pating in benefits. 
 
 Membership in 1903 was 850. 
 
 Monthly premium assessment plan, premiums being 
 based, for accident benefits, on hazardous nature of risk, 
 and divided into four grades of weekly indemnity pay- 
 ments, with five grades of death benefit allowances. 
 
 Minimum premium, for Station Agents and Clerks, 25 
 cents per month, with weekly indemnity of $5.00 and death 
 benefit of $1,000. 
 
 Maximum premiums and allowances: 
 
 For Enginemen and Firemen, $1.62 per month; weekly 
 indemnity, $10.00; death benefit allowance, $2,000. 
 
 For Freight Brakemen and Switchmen, $1.74 per month, 
 weekly indemnity, $7.00; death benefit $700; there 
 is only one assessment grade and scale of payments 
 for Freight Brakemen and Switchmen. 
 
 Accident Table. 
 
 Following is table exhibiting rates of monthly assessment, 
 and weekly indemnity and death benefits, on account of 
 accident, including injury, accidental death, or sickness: 
 
 Grades 
 
 Monthly Rates of Contribution 
 
 Passenger Conductors.. 
 
 
 $0.38 
 
 
 
 
 $0.56 
 
 $0.75 
 
 Freight Conductors 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.62 
 
 Passenger Brakemen. 
 
 
 .50 
 
 
 $0.68 
 
 
 .75 
 
 1.00 
 
 Freight Brakemen 
 
 
 $1.74 
 
 
 Enginemen and Firemen _ 
 
 
 .81 
 .25 
 .50 
 
 .50 
 
 
 
 1.20 
 .37 
 
 .75 
 
 1.62 
 
 Station Agents and Clerks 
 
 
 
 .34 
 .63 
 
 $0.43 
 
 .50 
 
 Shopmen 
 
 
 1.00 
 
 Sectionmen. 
 
 $0.43 
 
 
 
 Switchmen. 
 
 1.74 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Weekly Indemnity 
 
 $5.00 
 
 $5.00 
 
 $7.00 
 
 $7.50 
 
 $10.00 
 
 S7.50 
 
 $10.00 
 
 
 
 Death Benefits. 
 
 $500.00 
 
 $1,000.00 
 
 $700.00 
 
 $1,000.00 
 
 $1,000.00 
 
 $1,500.00 
 
 $2,000.00 
 
 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 27 
 
 Duties of Executive 
 Committee. 
 
 It is the duty of the Executive Committee to authorize 
 payment of indemnity due members for injury, or their 
 heirs for death, to settle or adjudicate all claims for injury 
 or death of members, to provide hospital privileges and 
 benefits for members, and to set aside and invest such part 
 of the surplus each year as in its judgment is equitable or 
 necessary. The Committee also reports all legislation and 
 disbursements to the annual meeting, and also decides the 
 question of withholding assessments or rebating a propor- 
 tion of the surplus. 
 
 Sick benefits. 
 
 Premiums and indemnities. 
 
 Sick benefits based on level rates, without death-benefit 
 allowance, divided into three classes: Premium 35 cents 
 per month, with weekly indemnity of $5.00; 50 cents per 
 month, weekly indemnity $7.50; and 70 cents per month, 
 weekly indemnity $10.00. 
 
 Fixed payments. 
 
 Return of undivided profits. 
 
 Payments are fixed, the rate being adjusted to actual 
 cost as computed for some ten years, and employe-members 
 leaving the service are allotted their share of the undivided 
 profits. Where a member leaves the service of the Rail- 
 road Company he is refunded such proportion of the pre- 
 miums he has paid in as the total premiums paid in less the 
 total expense would be proportionately due each member. 
 
 Funeral benefit. 
 
 Funeral benefit of $100 paid in case of death from causes 
 other than accident. If member is insured in both accident 
 and sick department, $50.00 is taken from each fund; but 
 if insured in only one department, the full $100.00 is paid 
 from the fund of that department in which insured. 
 
 General Fund. 
 Reserve Fund. 
 
 One General Fund provided for association purposes. 
 This General Fund is preserved by an authorized Reserve 
 Fund fixed at $6,000, with the interest accrued thereon. 
 
 Collections. 
 
 Premiums deducted on monthly pay-rolls. 
 
28 
 
 Insurance and Reuef Provision. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Total receipts to January 1, 1904, $41,616.75. 
 Receipts during 1903 amounted to $11,686.20, made up: 
 Premiums — Accident Department... $8,274.60 
 Premiums — Sickness Department.... 3,411.60 
 Average receipts per annum, based on an operative 
 period of four years and seven months, ending December 
 31, 1903, about $9,080.00. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Total disbursements to January 1, 1904, $36,806.19. 
 Disbursements during 1903 amounted to $5,596.44, 
 made up: 
 
 General Expenses $592.20 
 
 Accident Department 2,741.40 
 
 Sickness Department 2,262.84 
 
 Average disbursements per annum, based on operative 
 period above indicated, about $8,000.00. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway Company. 
 
 (1,015.09 miles; 5,449 employes.) 
 
 Employes conduct the "C, H. & D. Railway Company's 
 Employes' Mutual Benefit Association," organized October 
 4, 1876, which maintains a fund for the relief of members 
 during disablement by accident, and to provide for their 
 dependents in case of death. 
 
 Assessment plan. 
 
 Assessment plan, with provision for extra assessments 
 when needed. 
 
 Age limit. 
 
 Maximum age for membership, 45 years. 
 
 Death assessment 
 and allowance. 
 
 Per capita assessment on death of member is $1.00 for 
 class A and $2.00 for class B, the death allowance for A 
 being $500 and for B $1,000. 
 
 Benefit period. 
 
 Benefits extend for 26 weeks. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 29 
 
 Minimum benefit period. 
 Accident benefits. 
 
 Accident benefits. 
 
 Where indemnity exceeds 
 endowment. 
 
 Mortality rate. 
 Out-of-service membership. 
 
 No benefit allowed for less than seven (7) days' disability. 
 
 Accident benefits range from $5.00 per week in class A, 
 in case of injury, up to $1,000 in class B, for loss of both 
 legs, both eyes, or both arms, or one leg and one arm. 
 
 Table of Weekly Indemnities and Accident Benefits : 
 
 Weekly indemnity, Class A, $5.00. 
 Weekly indemnity, Class B, $10.00. 
 
 Accident Benefits. 
 
 Class A 
 
 Class B 
 
 a 
 < 
 
 o 
 
 
 H 
 
 t^ 
 fc. 
 O 
 m 
 to 
 o 
 
 h4 
 
 K 
 O 
 
 For Loss of Both Legs, 
 Both Eyes or Both 
 Arms, or One Leg and 
 One Arm 
 
 w 
 >> 
 W 
 w 
 is 
 O 
 h 
 O 
 
 DO 
 ■9 
 
 
 
 J 
 
 BJ 
 O 
 
 S 
 
 Pi 
 < 
 « 
 O 
 O 
 M 
 H? 
 
 o 
 
 X 
 00 
 
 O 
 ►J 
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 o 
 
 For Loss or Both Legs, 
 Both Eyes or Both 
 Arms, or One Leg and 
 One Arm 
 
 w 
 
 >> 
 W 
 
 N 
 § 
 O 
 h 
 O 
 09 
 ■ 
 O 
 
 » 
 
 o 
 
 $250.00 
 
 $500.00 
 
 $100.00 
 
 $500.00 
 
 $1,000.00 
 
 $200.00 
 
 And in case of death, whether by disease or accident, 
 $500.00, in Class A, and $1,000.00, in Class B, is paid to 
 the heirs. 
 
 When a member receives an amount for indemnity in one 
 payment equal to an endowment, he ceases to be a member, 
 and his name is stricken from the rolls. 
 
 Average annual mortality rate per 1,000 members, 12.4. 
 
 Member leaving service of Railroad Company may con- 
 tinue his membership by paying all calls within the required 
 time, unless discharged for drunkenness or theft. 
 
 Number member*. 
 
 Total membership, 1,610. 
 
30 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Endowment Insurance. 
 
 Andrew Carnegie 
 Relief Fund. 
 
 Beginning of railroad 
 membership. 
 
 Endowment Insurance. 
 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Company. 
 
 (207 miles; 2,676 employes.) 
 
 The Company (as a distinctive member of the Carnegie 
 Steel Company of New Jersey, discussed hereinafter under 
 "K — Public or Private (Outside) Provision") is a member 
 of the "Andrew Carnegie Relief Fund," promoted and 
 maintained under an endowment fund of $4,000,000, 
 donated by Mr. Andrew Carnegie, which fund provides 
 accident and death benefits and pension allowances, and 
 became effective as of January 1, 1902. 
 
 The Railroad Company was absorbed by the Carnegie 
 interests, thereby becoming a constituent member thereof, 
 on December 22, 1896. 
 
 Participants. 
 
 All classes of employes are benefit participants. 
 
 Fund maintenance. 
 
 Employes are not required to contribute in any way 
 toward maintenance of the fund, benefits or allowances 
 being gratuities growing out of the basis of fund creation. 
 
 Accident benefits. 
 
 Accident benefits : 
 
 Single men, 75 cents per diem for a maximum period of 
 
 52 weeks, and half rates thereafter. 
 Married men, $1.00 per diem for a maximum period 
 
 of 52 weeks, with an additional benefit of 10 cents 
 
 for each child under 16 years of age on date of 
 
 injury; half rates after 52 weeks. 
 
 Death benefits. 
 
 Death benefits: 
 
 Maximum payment in any case, $1,200. 
 a. — $500 to widow of deceased. 
 b. — $100 additional for each child under 16 years of 
 
 age on date of death. 
 c. — $500 for relatives of unmarried employe, provided 
 he was sole support of, or a regular contributor 
 to support of, such relative or relatives. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 31 
 
 investment of fund. Principal sum of endowment invested in bonds of the 
 
 Steel Company, and all increment arising from operations 
 is, under terms of agreement, applied to the purposes of 
 the trust conditions. 
 
 Deficits. Provision for meeting fund deficiencies by ratable reduc- 
 
 tion in allowances. 
 
 Total disbursements. Total disbursements for railway employes since inaugura- 
 
 tion, $9,168.75, made up: 
 
 Accident benefits $4,788.75 
 
 Death benefits 4,380.00 
 
 Annual disbursements. 
 
 Origin of Relief 
 Department in 
 United States. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Similarity of administration. 
 
 Characteristics. 
 
 Average disbursements per annum, $4,584.37. 
 
 Railway Relief Department. 
 The purely representative Relief Department, so styled, 
 established and conducted as a distinctive branch of the 
 railway corporation with which identified, had its origin, 
 in the United States, with the organization of the Relief 
 Department of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company on 
 February 15, 1886. The employes of the Baltimore & Ohio 
 Railroad Company had previously, on May 1 , 1880, established 
 a Relief Association, operated independently of the Com- 
 pany, and which was succeeded by the present Company 
 Relief Department, established April 1, 1889. Investigation 
 and examination show that the relief schemes of the Penn- 
 sylvania and the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Companies 
 have served as the models for like undertakings instituted 
 subsequently by roads in different parts of the country, 
 and this element of similarity, both in general scheme out- 
 lining and operative detailing, makes unnecessary extended 
 detailed recital in this relation of the prominent administra- 
 tive features of the several Relief Departments encompassed 
 by reportorial results, and there will, therefore, only be 
 presented such aspects of these departments as evidence 
 marked differentiations from those common to the two 
 organizations herein specified. 
 
 Relief Funds may be properly styled "mutual benefit 
 associations," as under their operations each member prac- 
 
32 
 
 Insurance and Reuef Provision. 
 
 Voluntary membership. 
 
 tically contributes for the joint welfare of himself and fel- 
 low members, and with company co-operation the duration 
 of mutual assistance is unlimited. Membership is purely 
 voluntary. As a matter of fact "compulsory" membership 
 is prohibited by the United States Arbitration Act of June 
 1, 1898. It is sometimes held that membership is nomi- 
 nally voluntary but practically compulsory. This view 
 undoubtedly arises from the circumstance that the com- 
 panies, in accordance with the principle observed by all 
 large business undertakings requiring the constant employ- 
 ment of large numbers of men, exercise the generally con- 
 ceded right to decide upon the physical fitness and general 
 qualifications of applicants for positions in their service. 
 In carrying out this principle the discriminations made 
 between applicants may appear to the uninformed to indi- 
 cate a disposition to enforce "compulsory" membership. 
 This is, however, an entirely erroneous conclusion, as such 
 a course is of paramount importance with railroads for 
 safeguarding the interests of the public as well as their 
 own. 
 
 Membership status. 
 
 Basis of fund stability. 
 
 The question of joining the fund is laid before new em- 
 ployes without the slightest pressure one way or another. 
 There are no cases on record to the Reporter's knowledge 
 where an employe has been dismissed from service simply 
 because he refused to become a member of the Relief Fund, 
 or rejected for employment on account of his declining, if 
 employed, to become a member of the organization. It is 
 entirely optional with the employe after he has become a 
 member of the Relief Fund to resign from it at any time he 
 may see fit, and his status with the company as an employe 
 is not affected by such action on his part. 
 
 The stability of relief departments is based altogether 
 on the extent to which the railroad companies assume 
 responsibility for their operations and are willing to guar- 
 antee their financial obligations. The members are thus 
 doubly protected, first by their own contributions and 
 next by the promise and ability of the companies to make 
 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 33 
 
 up any deficiency which may occur. There is, therefore, a 
 direct mutual interest between the members and the com- 
 panies. There is no encroachment on other plans of relief 
 or insurance which may have enlisted the support of em- 
 ployes. 
 
 Purposes of contributions. 
 
 Death benefit an 
 incidental feature. 
 
 Return of contributions 
 precluded. 
 
 Members' rights in fund 
 and at law for accident 
 disablement. 
 
 Contributions are intended primarily for the purpose of 
 assuring sick or disabled members of a designated monthly 
 income at a time when most needed, and in providing this 
 income promptly. 
 
 The payment of death benefits is an incidental feature 
 of the plan, whose presence stands for a logical constituent 
 of the chief factors — sickness and accident — from the fact 
 that it insures deceased members respectable burial, and 
 intervenes to prevent the possible immediate impoverish- 
 ment of their families. 
 
 No provision is made for the return to members of the 
 relief fund, leaving either the service or the fund, of any 
 proportion of their contributions, for the reason that during 
 their connection therewith they have been protected 
 against sickness and accident at a minimum cost, and to 
 make repayments would necessitate an increase in rates, 
 which would entail added expense to all the members. 
 It is also a fact that the laws of some States prohibit the con- 
 tinuance of fund death benefits after employes leave the 
 service of the interested corporation, as being an infringe- 
 ment on and violation of existing legislation for the 
 government of insurance practice. 
 
 An important point in connection with the operation of 
 relief funds is the question of a member's right to have 
 recourse to action at law against the interested railroad 
 companies in lieu of accepting accident benefits extended 
 by the funds. To understand this point it must be borne 
 in mind, primarily, that the applicant for fund membership 
 enters into an agreement with the fund to accept, in the 
 event of sustaining disablement injury while in the ser- 
 vice and in the performance of service duties, the accident 
 benefits specifically prescribed in fund regulations. This 
 is a distinct agreement, with a good and valid considera- 
 
34 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 — 
 
 tion, made between proper contracting parties, and, there- 
 fore, invested with due legal status. By becoming volun- 
 tarily a party to the agreement, the applicant should live 
 up to its terms, any overt or serious violation of which 
 should, and does, result in relinquishment by the violating 
 party of the benefits that would otherwise have accrued to 
 him thereunder. The companies by reason of guarantee- 
 ing that all obligations of the funds will be met, also pay- 
 ing their deficiencies, and contributing the entire amount 
 necessary in the conduct of their operations, clearly assume 
 responsibilities which warrant them in asking employe 
 applicants to enter into the agreement referred to. By 
 entering into such contract the member is invested with 
 a fixed and certain rate of compensation, while the com- 
 panies are always in position to determine the extent of 
 their financial obligation, and accord each case prompt 
 and systematic treatment. The object contemplated by 
 the agreement is the safeguarding of both the funds and 
 the associated or interested railroad companies, by the 
 introduction of provisions that are plainly set forth and as 
 well serve equally the best interests of both parties to the 
 contract. This manner of fund agreement does not deprive 
 the member from instituting legal proceedings instead of 
 taking the rate of compensation offered by the fund. It 
 does provide, however, that where the member disregards 
 his plain obligations under its terms, he thereupon forfeits 
 his rights to fund benefits, and the question of company 
 compensation will then depend wholly upon the merits 
 of the case from a purely legal standpoint. 
 
 Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company. 
 
 (4,138.87 miles; 17,512 employes.) 
 
 inauguration. Relief feature instituted April 1, 1899. The present 
 
 department, styled the "Atlantic Coast Line Relief Depart- 
 ment," is the outcome of merger of the Plant System 
 Relief and Hospital Department, established July 1, 1896, 
 into the Relief Department of the Atlantic Coast Line 
 Railroad Company, under amended regulations effective 
 December 1, 1902. 
 
 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 35 
 
 Participants. 
 Membership age. 
 Fund security. 
 Total membership. 
 
 All classes of employes eligible to membership. 
 Maximum age for membership, 45 years, 6 months. 
 Company assumes full responsibility for the Fund. 
 
 Membership in 1903 was 8,129, or about 62 per centum 
 of total working force. 
 
 Distribution of membership. Distribution of membership among the several grades is 
 as follows: 
 
 Class. Percentage. 
 
 General Office and Station employes 23 
 
 Trainmen, Yardmen, and Telegraphers. 23 
 
 Enginemen and Firemen 12 
 
 Machine and Car-shop employes 25 
 
 Track Department employes 17 
 
 Fund classification. 
 
 Additional benefits. 
 
 Accident benefits. 
 
 Sickness benefits. 
 
 Hospital treatment. 
 
 For purposes of Fund contributions and payments member- 
 ship is divided into five classes, and these classes, as well 
 as membership contributions and benefit payments, corre- 
 spond with those of the Pennsylvania Railroad Relief 
 Department (vide infra), with certain exceptions as herein- 
 after set forth. 
 
 Contributions may be made for from one to fifteen 
 additional death benefits, according to class. 
 
 Benefits paid for each day of disability classed as due to 
 accident for a period not longer than fifty-two (52) weeks, 
 and at half rates thereafter during continuance of disability. 
 
 Benefits paid for each day, except the first six (6) days, 
 of disability classed as due to sickness, for a period not 
 longer than fifty-two (52) weeks, at the same rates as for 
 accident benefits ; with provision by the Department for free 
 medical treatment of the member, in one of the hospitals 
 under its control, in cases of disability, classed as due to 
 sickness which, in the opinion of the medical examiners of 
 the Department, may require such treatment thereat, and 
 when approved by the superintendent or chief surgeon. 
 
36 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Members' families given 
 hospital treatment. 
 
 Dependent members of the families of members of the 
 Fund are received in the Department hospitals for medical 
 or surgical treatment, and for this privilege reasonable 
 rates are made and permits granted by the superintendent 
 or chief surgeon. 
 
 Table of death benefits and 
 additional death benefits 
 
 Table of Contributions and Death Benefits. 
 Following table shows the total monthly contribution 
 for a member of any class, the amount of total death 
 benefit, and the number of additional death benefits of the 
 first class included therein, the columns under "Ages" 
 referring to the age at which membership in the Relief 
 Fund began: 
 
 
 Pat per Month 
 Less than $35.00 
 
 Pat ^er Month 
 $35.00 or More, 
 but Less than 
 $55.00 
 
 Pay per Month 
 $55.00 or More, 
 but Less than 
 $75.00 
 
 Pay per Month 
 $75.00 or More, 
 but Less than 
 $95.00 
 
 Pat per Month 
 $95.00 or More 
 
 
 1st Class 
 
 2nd Class 
 
 3rd Class 
 
 4th Class 
 
 5th Class 
 
 
 Benefits 
 50 Cts. per Day 
 
 Benefits 
 $1.00 per Day 
 
 Benefits 
 $1.50 per Day 
 
 Benefits 
 $2.00 per Day 
 
 Benefits 
 $2.50 per Day 
 
 H 
 
 z 
 
 z 
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 500 
 750 
 1,000 
 1,250 
 1,500 
 1,750 
 2,000 
 2,250 
 2,500 
 2,750 
 3,000 
 3,250 
 3,500 
 3,750 
 4,000 
 4,250 
 4,500 
 4,750 
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 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 $0 75 
 1 05 
 1 35 
 1 65 
 
 $0 75 
 1 20 
 
 1 65 
 
 2 10 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 $1 50 
 
 1 80 
 
 2 10 
 2 40 
 
 2 70 
 
 3 00 
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 $1 50 
 
 1 95 
 
 2 40 
 
 2 85 
 
 3 30 
 
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 4 20 
 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 $2 25 
 2 55 
 
 2 85 
 
 3 15 
 3 45 
 
 3 75 
 
 4 05 
 4 35 
 4 65 
 4 95 
 
 $2 25 
 
 2 70 
 
 3 15 
 
 3 60 
 
 4 05 
 4 50 
 
 4 95 
 
 5 40 
 
 5 85 
 
 6 30 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 $3 00 
 3 30 
 3 60 
 
 3 90 
 
 4 20 
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 6 30 
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 3 45 
 
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 6 15 
 
 6 60 
 
 7 05 
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 7 95 
 
 8 40 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 $3 75 
 4 05 
 4 35 
 4 65 
 
 4 95 
 
 5 25 
 5 55 
 
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 6 45 
 
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 7 05 
 7 35 
 7 65 
 
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 $3 75 
 4 20 
 
 4 65 
 
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 6 00 
 6 45 
 
 6 90 
 
 7 35 
 
 7 80 
 
 8 25 
 
 8 70 
 
 9 15 
 9 60 
 
 10 05 
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Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 37 
 
 Class for employe not over 
 age 45. 
 
 Employe not over 45 years of age may, under prescribed 
 conditions, become a member in the highest class allowed 
 by his pay, or in any lower class, with or without additional 
 death benefits of the first class not greater in the aggregate 
 than three times the death benefits of the class he enters. 
 
 Change to higher class by 
 member not over age 45. 
 
 Member not over 45 years of age may, under prescribed 
 conditions, change to any higher class allowed by his pay, 
 or take additional death benefits of the first class to such 
 extent that the aggregate of additional death benefits 
 shall not exceed three times the death benefit of the class 
 in which he is or becomes a member. 
 
 All members may change. 
 
 Any member may change to a lower class, or relinquish 
 all or a part of his additional death benefits. 
 
 Reduction in class does not 
 reduce death benefit. 
 
 Employe cannot remain a member in a class higher than 
 that allowed by his pay, but when the pay of a member is 
 reduced he shall not be required to make any change in the 
 amount of his death benefit; and any excess of death 
 benefit above that to which he is entitled by his new class 
 is treated as additional death benefit. 
 
 Out-of-service membership. Ariy member who has been continuously in the service 
 
 three (3) years, and a member of the Relief Fund one (1) 
 year immediately preceding termination of his employment 
 in the Company's service, may continue his membership 
 thereafter, but only in respect of the minimum death benefit 
 which he has held at any time during the last year, or of 
 any smaller amount, upon making supplementary applica- 
 tion therefor on the prescribed form before termination of 
 employment, or within five days thereafter. 
 
 When a member contributing for death benefit only after 
 termination of service is again re-employed, he shall there- 
 upon resume full membership if physically qualified. 
 
38 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Terms used account of 
 relief from service. 
 
 In indicating the relations to the Company's service of 
 employes relieved of employment and pay therein the follow- 
 ing terms are used: 
 
 "Resigned." — For those voluntarily leaving the service 
 and giving notice to employing officer. 
 
 "Relieved Account Reduction Force." — For those re- 
 lieved on account of necessary reduction of force. 
 
 "Discharged." — For those dismissed "for cause." 
 
 "Quit." — For those who leave without notice to employ- 
 ing officer. 
 
 "Furloughed." — For those who have been granted leave 
 of absence for a special time. 
 
 "Suspended." — For those temporarily relieved as a 
 penalty for offence. 
 
 Commutation of allowance 
 by payment of lump sum. 
 
 In any case of grave injury or chronic sickness where the 
 member desires to accept a lump sum in lieu of the benefits 
 which might become due to him or on his account, and in 
 full of all obligations of the Department or Company arising 
 from his membership or service, the Superintendent has 
 authority to make full and final settlement with such 
 member on such terms as may be agreed upon in writing. 
 
 What acceptance of 
 membership benefits 
 involves. 
 
 Acceptance by the member of benefits for injury operate 
 as a release and satisfaction of all claims against the Com- 
 pany, and all other companies associated therewith, for 
 damages arising from or growing out of such injury; and, 
 further, in the event of the death of a member no part of the 
 death benefit or unpaid disability benefit will be due or 
 payable unless and until good and sufficient releases are 
 delivered to the Superintendent of all claims against the 
 Relief Department, as well as against the Company, and all 
 other companies associated therewith, arising from or 
 growing out of the death of the member, said releases having 
 been duly executed by all who might legally assert such 
 claims; and, further, if any suit is brought against the 
 Company, or any other company associated therewith, for 
 damages arising from or growing out of injury or death 
 occurring to a member, the benefits otherwise payable, and 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 39 
 
 all obligations of the Relief Department and of the Company 
 created by the membership of such member in the Relief 
 Department, will thereupon be forfeited without any 
 declaration or other act by the Relief Department or the 
 Company ; but the Superintendent may, in his discretion, 
 waive such forfeiture upon condition that all pending suits 
 are first dismissed. 
 
 Claims fettled without 
 suit or by compromise. 
 
 If a claim for damages on account of injuries is settled by 
 the Company, or any company associated therewith, with- 
 out suit, or by compromise, such settlement will release the 
 Relief Department and the Company from all claims for 
 benefits on account of such injuries. 
 
 Total receipts. 
 
 Total receipts since inauguration, $409,385.12, from 
 following sources: 
 
 From membership 306,817.86 
 
 From Company 98,690.23 
 
 From other sources (Hospitals) 3,877.03 
 
 Annual receipts. 
 
 Average receipts per annum, all sources, $87,725.38. 
 
 Total disbursements. 
 
 Total disbursements since inauguration, $386,231.33, 
 made up: 
 
 Membership benefits: 
 
 Accident $35,576.90 
 
 Sickness 86,219.70 
 
 Death 117,241.92 
 
 $239,038.52 
 
 Operating expenses 96,863.49 
 
 Other expenses (Surgical and Hos- 
 pitals) 50,329.32 
 
 Annual disbursements. 
 
 Average disbursements, all expenses, per annum, 
 $82,763.83. 
 
40 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad System. 
 
 (4,410 miles; 55,688 employes.) 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Early title. 
 
 Establishment of 
 present plan. 
 
 The first organization providing so-called "relief" features 
 for railway employes was established in connection with 
 this Company on May 1, 1880, and was known as the 
 "Employes' Relief Association of the Baltimore & Ohio 
 Railroad Company." Membership was originally voluntary 
 for all persons in the service prior to May 1, 1880 ; subse- 
 quently all persons entering the service, except officers 
 whose salary amounted to $2,000 or more annually, and 
 those whose duties were not of a hazardous character, 
 were obliged to join the organization. The charter of 
 the association in question, of May 3, 1882, was repealed 
 in 1888, whereupon the Company, on March 15, 1889, 
 established a Relief Department as a regular part of its 
 service, assuming the liabilities of the old association, 
 winding up its existence, and taking into membership 
 about 95 per centum of its members, or about 19,467 out 
 of 20,606. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 At the start the Company paid all operating expenses of 
 the association, but when the pension feature was put into 
 active operation, October 1, 1884, the Company expenditure 
 was discontinued, and same is borne by membership con- 
 tributions; the Company does, however, still contribute a 
 portion of this amount, in the form of an annual contribution 
 of $6,000 for support of the relief feature, or, when not 
 needed in that relation, for the support of the pension 
 adjunct; and also contributes $10,000 annually for the 
 physical examination of employes. 
 
 Superannuation and 
 annuities originally 
 contemplated. 
 
 The original organization contemplated the operation 
 of superannuation and annuity features in conjunction 
 with the ordinary relief scheme, but the plan not meeting 
 with success, it was superseded- by the present pension 
 feature. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 41 
 
 Three distinct 
 features involved. 
 
 As now constituted, the Relief Department includes three 
 distinct sections — namely, the Relief feature, the Pension 
 feature, and the Savings feature. 
 
 Company control. 
 
 The entire Department is under the charge and financial 
 control of the President and Directors of the Company. 
 The Company assumes general charge of the Department ; 
 provides office room and furniture; gives the service of its 
 officers and employes and the use of its facilities; becomes 
 the custodian of its funds, with responsibility therefor ; and 
 guarantees the true and faithful performance of the obliga- 
 tions of the Department in conformity with established 
 regulations. 
 
 Officered. 
 
 Officers of the Department are appointed by the President. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Administrative and managerial functions are distributed 
 as follows: 
 
 a. — Committee on the Relief Department, composed of 
 directors or officers of the Company, appointed by 
 the President, which has charge of the operations of 
 the Department, and may make any changes in exist- 
 ing regulations it may deem necessary. New regula- 
 tions will be operative only when approved by the 
 President and directors of the Company. 
 
 -Advisory Committees, two (2) in number, one (1) 
 for lines and divisions east, and one (1) for the lines 
 and divisions west, of the Ohio River. Each com- 
 mittee consists of seven (7) members, including the 
 chairman. The General Manager east of the Ohio 
 River is, ex officio, chairman of one, and the General 
 Manager west of said river is, ex officio, chairman of 
 the other committee. The other members of each 
 
42 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 committee are elected annually by the members of 
 the Relief feature employed on the several lines or 
 divisions east and west of the Ohio River, respectively, 
 from among themselves — two (2) by the vote of those 
 employed in the Machinery Department, two (2) by 
 the vote of those employed in the Transportation 
 Department, and two (2) by the vote of those 
 employed in the Road Department. 
 The election is by ballot, each member being entitled 
 to one (1) vote for the representative or representa- 
 tives of the Department in which he is employed. 
 The ballots are returned to the General Manager, and 
 by him forwarded to the Superintendent of the Relief 
 Department, to be counted by tellers appointed by 
 the Committee on the Relief Department. Result 
 ascertained by tellers is reported by the Superintend- 
 ent to the General Managers, who notify the mem- 
 bers elected. 
 
 c. — Operating Committee, consisting of three members 
 appointed and constituted by Committee on Relief 
 Department, and which passes upon applications 
 for loans from the savings feature, also upon 
 applications for pensions ; also in first instance passes 
 on all appeals from Superintendent of the Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 Superintendent. Superintendent of Relief Department, aided by an 
 
 Assistant Superintendent and a Chief Clerk, has immediate 
 charge of the conduct of business of the Department. 
 
 Membership grading. Membership is graded in accordance with rate of monthly 
 
 pay. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 43 
 
 Table of contributions 
 and benefits. 
 
 Following is a table showing contributions of and benefits 
 to members of the Department : 
 
 Contributions and Benefits of Members of the Baltimore & Ohio 
 
 Relief Department. 
 
 
 
 
 Disablement Benefits 
 
 
 
 
 Contributions 
 per Month 
 
 per Day, Not Includ- 
 ing Sundays and 
 
 Death Benefits 
 
 
 
 
 Legal Holidays 
 
 
 
 Class and Wages 
 
 
 
 4J . VO 
 
 
 
 per Month 
 
 o 
 ■> 
 
 s 
 
 u 
 
 s 
 
 _o 
 '5! 
 
 "> 
 
 5 
 
 •d 
 
 a 
 o 
 u 
 
 V 
 
 m 
 
 For accident on 
 duty 
 
 For sickness, fir 
 52 weeks, not i 
 eluding first 
 workdays. 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 !° 
 
 '3 
 
 < 
 
 Sickness 
 
 
 t?:~.«. c. Thereaf- 
 
 F we S eks teruntil 
 recovery 
 
 Ordi- 
 nary 
 
 Maxi- 
 mum 
 
 A (not more than $35).. 
 
 $1.00 
 
 $0.75 
 
 $0.50 | $0.25 
 
 $0.50 
 
 $500 
 
 $250 
 
 $1250 
 
 B (bet. $35 and $50) 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.00 .50 
 
 1.00 
 
 1000 
 
 500 
 
 1250 
 
 C (bet. $50 and $75) 
 
 3.00 
 
 2.25 
 
 1.50 .75 
 
 1.50 
 
 1500 
 
 750 
 
 1250 
 
 D (bet. $75 and $100)... 
 
 4.00 
 
 3.00 
 
 2.00 1.00 
 
 2.00 
 
 2000 
 
 1000 
 
 1250 
 
 E (more than $100) 
 
 5.00 
 
 3.75 
 
 2.50 
 
 1.25 
 
 2.50 
 
 2500 
 
 1250 
 
 1250 
 
 Two general classes. Above table involves division of members into two general 
 
 classes, viz.: 
 
 1st Class — Those engaged in operating trains or rolling 
 
 stock. 
 2nd Class — Those not engaged as indicated for 1st class. 
 
 Subdivision of classes. 
 
 Further subdivision is made into classes A, B, C, D, and 
 E, in accordance with average monthly pay as indicated. 
 
 Restrictions on 
 non-hazardous membership. 
 
 Officers, clerks, telegraphers, and others of like occupa- 
 tion not exposed to accidents may insure for natural death 
 benefits only, or for natural death and sick benefits; cost 
 of each such benefit being 25 cents per month, which is also 
 the cost of additional natural death benefits. 
 
44 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Nature of membership held. 
 
 Additional benefits. 
 
 Higher or lower class 
 according to change in pay. 
 
 Class basis. 
 
 Monthly contributions 
 and returns. 
 
 Out-of-service membership. 
 
 All persons employed may acquire membership in either 
 the natural death or sick benefit, or both, upon compliance 
 with the conditions thereto attaching. 
 
 Additional benefits: A member already in the service 
 must be under 50 years of age and able to pass satisfactory 
 physical examination to gain admission to a class or grade 
 of benefits higher than that based on his earnings ; for a new 
 member the age limit is 45 years. 
 
 When a member's pay is increased beyond the limit of the 
 class in which he contributes, he will enter the correspond- 
 ingly higher class; and he may enter the correspondingly 
 lower class if his pay is reduced ; in either case he must make 
 a new application, without medical examination, to corre- 
 spond with the change; change of occupation, involving 
 change from first to second class (division), or vice versa, 
 calls for new application and change of rate contribution. 
 
 Class to which a member is to be assigned is ascertained 
 by multiplying his average daily wages by 26, the average 
 number of working days in a month. 
 
 The amount to be contributed or returned for a part of a 
 month is ascertained on the basis of thirty (30) days per 
 month, adding to make even cents where fractions occur. 
 
 Contributions are due on the first day of each calendar 
 month, and are ordinarily made by the appropriation of 
 wages earned in the preceding month. The first contri- 
 bution is for the unexpired part of the month in which the 
 application takes effect and for the whole of the next 
 month. 
 
 Contribution of a member who enters and leaves the 
 service in the same month, is only for the period between 
 the date his application takes effect and that on which he 
 leaves the service. 
 
 A member who, at the time his employment ceases, is dis- 
 abled by injury or sickness, continues to receive the bene- 
 fits therefor during the period provided by Department 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 45 
 
 Preference account 
 service employment. 
 
 Transportation privileges. 
 
 Special provision for 
 njured members. 
 
 Age limits. 
 
 Occupation age limits. 
 
 regulations, and during such period retains the death benefit 
 covered by his application. After the expiration of said 
 period he may retain his natural death benefit only, by 
 making application as provided within ten (10) days from 
 the date of the last payment of benefits on account of such 
 injury or sickness; otherwise his membership will wholly 
 cease from that date. 
 
 In reductions of force, temporary or permanent, preference 
 as to retention in the service will be given members of the 
 Relief feature, other things being equal, over those in the 
 same grades of service who are not connected with said 
 feature. 
 
 Members of the Fund in the service of the Company, 
 their wives and children, fathers, mothers, brothers, or 
 sisters, wholly dependent upon them for support, are 
 entitled to travel over all the lines of the Railroad Com- 
 pany at one-half the rates charged the public for trans- 
 portation only. The children of such members, under 
 sixteen (16) years of age, travel free over all lines when 
 going to or returning from daily school. Furloughed or 
 suspended members, and pensioners who retain their 
 natural death benefit, are entitled to the same privileges. 
 
 All members injured in the service of the Company, and 
 in discharge of their duty, to such a degree as to inca- 
 pacitate them from earning a livelihood at their usual 
 occupations, are provided so far as possible with such 
 positions in the service as they can efficiently fill. 
 
 No person admitted to membership if over 45 years of 
 age, without approval of President of Company. Maxi- 
 mum and minimum age limits are established by the 
 Company for various occupations : 
 
 Conductors... 24 to 38 years. 
 
 Brakemen 21 to 30 years — experienced men, 33. 
 
 Firemen 21 to 28 years — experienced men, 33. 
 
 Enginemen 24 to 38 years. 
 
 Train Dispatchers.. 21 to 35 years. 
 
 Operators 18 to 35 years. 
 
 Station Agents 20 to 40 years. 
 
46 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Mortality rate. 
 
 Average annual mortality rate per 1,000 members, 10.56. 
 
 Fund receipts. 
 
 Total receipts since inauguration, $9,520,628.80, made up: 
 
 Membership..... $8,730,415.40 
 
 Company 344,590.75 
 
 Other sources 445,622.65 
 
 $9,520,628.80 
 
 Average and actual 
 annual receipts. 
 
 Fund disbursements. 
 
 Average receipts per annum, $410,962.38. 
 Receipts from all sources for the fiscal year ended June 
 30, 1903, aggregated $775,646.43, made up: 
 
 From members $712,595.82 
 
 From Company towards oper- 
 ating expenses. 10,000.00 
 
 From Company for Relief fea- 
 ture reserve fund 6,000.00 
 
 Interest on securities and 
 
 monthly balances 35,115.04 
 
 Bonds redeemed 10,000.00 
 
 From miscellaneous 1,935.57 
 
 $775,646.43 
 
 Total disbursements since inauguration, $8,691,061.88, 
 made up : 
 
 Accident benefits. ....$1,468,259.96 
 
 Sickness benefits 2,257,336.38 
 
 Death benefits 3,781,304.95 
 
 $7,506,901.29 
 
 Operating expenses 931,373.04 
 
 Other expenses 252,787.55 
 
 $8,691,061.88 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 47 
 
 Average and actual 
 annual disbursement. 
 
 Average disbursements per annum, $375,153.75. 
 Disbursements for all purposes during the fiscal year 
 ended June 30, 1903, aggregated $732,102.97, made up: 
 
 Death benefits, accident $178,500.00 
 
 Death benefits, natural. _ 152,090.00 
 
 Disablement benefits, accident.. 129,362.60 
 
 Disablement benefits, sickness... 178,867.38 
 
 Surgical expenses 14,909.81 
 
 Contributions refunded mem- 
 bers 12,274.68 
 
 Advances to members for pur- 
 chase of artificial limbs, etc 2,564.80 
 
 Operating expenses.. 68,076.18 
 
 $736,645.45 
 
 Add outstanding or- 
 ders on Treasurer, 
 June 30, 1902 $24,722.45 
 
 Less orders returned 
 
 and canceled 5,347.53 
 
 19,374.92 
 
 $756,020.37 
 Outstanding orders on Treas- 
 urer, June 30, 1903 23,917.40 
 
 $732,102.97 
 
 Total membership. 
 
 Total membership June 30, 1903, 41,783, or about 90 per 
 centum of entire working force of the Baltimore & Ohio 
 Railroad Company, the membership consisting exclusively 
 of employes of that Company. 
 
 The total membership is distributed between the 
 "hazardous" and "non-hazardous" occupations in the 
 following proportions, viz.: 
 
 Hazardous 28.75 per centum. 
 
 Non-hazardous 71.25 per centum. 
 
48 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Disposition of surplus funds. 
 
 Surplus funds of Relief feature at the close of each fiscal 
 year are disposed of in accordance with determination of 
 Committee on the Relief Department; whether to decrease 
 the next year's contributions ; to increase the amount pay- 
 able for natural death; to increase the efficiency of the 
 Pension feature or otherwise promote the interest of those 
 contributing thereto. 
 
 Investments. 
 
 Investments for the several features of the Department 
 are directed by the Committee on the Relief Department. 
 
 Custody of moneys 
 and securities. 
 
 All moneys and securities of the Department, with the 
 exception of the mortgages made to secure loans from the 
 Savings feature, are entrusted to the official custody of 
 the Treasurer of the Company, to be held subject to proper 
 requisitions. All such securities are held in the name of 
 the Company "in trust for the Relief Department." 
 
 Cheques issued by the Superintendent of the Relief De- 
 partment will be cashed by the Treasurer, or any bonded 
 agent or cashier of the Company having Company's funds 
 in his possession, and such cheques may be used as cash or 
 vouchers in settlement with the Accounting Department - 
 
 Number of employes by grades. Following is table showing numerical strength of the 
 several grades of employes of the Baltimore & Ohio System 
 as of March 31, 1904, including the Baltimore & Ohio Rail- 
 road Company, with 3,330.30 miles, the Baltimore & Ohio 
 Southwestern Railroad Company, with 991.32 miles, and 
 the Cleveland Terminal & Valley Railroad Company, with 
 88.38 miles : 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 49 
 
 Department 
 
 B. &0. R. R. 
 
 B. &0. S.W. 
 R. R. 
 
 C. T. & V. 
 R. R. 
 
 General Officers and Miscellaneous 
 
 (Including General Officers, Clerks of General Offi- 
 cers, Purchasing Agent, Stationer, Relief Depart- 
 ment, Dining Car and Restaurant Department, 
 Elevators, Warehouses, etc.) 
 
 1,586 
 
 621 
 
 19,466 
 
 12,405 
 12,300 
 
 109 
 
 165 
 3,073 
 
 2,874 
 2,001 
 
 
 Traffic Department 
 
 (Including all employes in Freight and Passenger 
 traffic offices) 
 
 
 Conducting Transportation Department 
 
 (Including all Agents, Operators, Yardmen, Con- 
 ductors, Brakemen, Engineers, and Firemen) 
 
 Maintenance of Way Department 
 
 (Including Superintendent of Maintenance of Way 
 office, Signal Engineer, Engineer of Bridges and 
 Buildings, Bridge Hands, Section Men, and all 
 emploves of the Engineer Department) 
 
 594 
 
 294 
 
 Motive Power Department 
 
 (Including all Motive Power officers and clerks, 
 and all shop employes) 
 
 200 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 46,378 
 
 8,222 
 
 1,088 
 
 Number of employes by 
 grades, and distribution 
 in Relief Department 
 membership. 
 
 Following table shows the full numerical strength of 
 each grade of employes, with the distribution by number 
 and percentage in Relief Department membership, for 
 respectively the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company and 
 the Cleveland Terminal & Valley Railroad Company, as 
 of March 31, 1904 (the latter Company conducting its 
 own Relief Department, which is discussed herein, in 
 detail, at page 54) : 
 
 
 B. & O. R. R. 
 
 B. & O. S. W. R. R. 
 
 C T. & V. R. R. 
 
 CL>SS 
 
 Total 
 
 Number 
 
 Employes 
 
 Number 
 in Relief 
 Fund 
 
 |-> 55 Z 
 
 05b u 
 
 Total 
 
 Number 
 
 Employes 
 
 W J 
 
 g W Q 
 
 £ M 
 
 M U 
 
 a,£o 
 
 Sap 
 
 o5b 3 
 
 01 
 
 2 3* 
 HfcW 
 
 P5« 
 
 W J 
 
 ^ >» D 
 
 *5b 
 
 Ka2 
 
 J Z >r 
 
 M p 3 
 o!b <J 
 
 Officers, Agents, Clerks, etc. 
 
 Telegraph OperatorsA 
 
 Conductors, all trains 
 
 8,277 4,612 55.72 
 1,152 311! 27.00 
 1,223 1.17996.40 
 
 ' 1,698 
 178 
 187 
 376 
 234 
 238 
 446 
 1,991 
 2,874 
 
 
 
 267 
 
 17 
 
 17 
 
 60 
 
 25 
 
 22 
 
 210 
 
 200 
 
 270 
 
 M)8T 
 
 158 
 
 1 
 
 17 
 
 49 
 
 23 
 
 20 
 
 179 
 
 183 
 
 153 
 
 59.18 
 
 5.88 
 100.00 
 
 Brakemen, all trains 
 
 3,190 
 
 3,123 97.90 
 
 81.67 
 
 Enginemen, all trains 
 
 1,94S 
 
 1,910 98.05 
 
 92.00 
 
 Firemen, all trains 
 
 2,080 
 
 3,639 
 
 12,206 
 
 12,325 
 
 1,885 
 
 3,269 
 
 10,965 
 
 8,129 
 
 90.63 
 
 90.91 
 
 Yardmen 
 
 S9.83 
 89.83 
 65.96 
 22.49 
 
 85.24 
 
 Shopmen •. 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 91.50 
 56.67 
 
 Floating Equipment 
 
 338 
 
 76 
 
 
 
 
 
 TotaL 
 
 46,378 35,459 
 
 76.46 
 
 8,222 
 
 
 ' 
 
 783 
 
 71.97 
 
50 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Accounting method. Under the system of accounting for Department trans- 
 
 actions, the Auditing Department of the Company keeps 
 an account with the Relief feature, to which account is 
 credited all moneys collected on pay-rolls and through 
 agents for that feature, and against this is charged the 
 cheques issued by the Department on the Treasurer, when 
 paid. 
 
 Accounts are kept in the Department with members, 
 showing the contributions paid by each and the benefits 
 the member has received ; also an account with the Treasurer 
 corresponding to the account on the Auditor's books with 
 the Relief feature. 
 
 A General Ledger and Journal, a Record of Cheques, and 
 a Member's Ledger, or Register, are also used by the 
 Department in keeping the accounts of the Relief feature. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Classification. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Benefit basis. 
 
 Accident and 
 Sickness benefits. 
 
 Benefit periods. 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Ouincy Railway Company. 
 
 (8,324 miles; 38,350 employes.) 
 
 Conducts the "Burlington Voluntary Relief Department," 
 established March 15, 1889, beginning operations June 1, 
 1889, and operated on lines corresponding with those ob- 
 taining with the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, vide infra. 
 
 Classification of membership same as with Pennsylvania 
 Railroad; that is, five (5) classes, or 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 
 5th class. 
 
 Contributions graded by class, same as with Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad, vide infra. 
 
 Benefits determined on basis of class membership. 
 
 Scale of Accident and Sickness benefits, per diem: 
 
 Classes, ist 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 
 
 Accident $0.50 $1.00 $1.50 $2.00 $2.50 
 
 Sickness 50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 
 
 Benefit periods: 
 
 For Accident, 52 weeks at full rates, and half rates 
 thereafter during disability. 
 
 For Sickness, 52 weeks at full rates, and 52 weeks at 
 half rates; no benefits paid for first six (6) days, except 
 in cases of relapse. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 51 
 
 Table of Benefits. 
 
 Table showing monthly pay admitting to the several 
 classes, the rates of contributions and disability benefits, 
 and the minimum and maximum death benefit of any 
 class : * 
 
 
 Any Amount 
 
 $35.00 or More 
 
 $55.00 or More 
 
 $75.00 or More 
 
 $95.00 or More 
 
 
 1st Class 
 
 2nd Class 
 
 3rd Class 
 
 4th Class 
 
 5th Class 
 
 
 Benefits 
 50 Cts. per Day 
 
 Benefits 
 $1.00 per Day 
 
 Benefits 
 $1.50 per Day 
 
 Benefits 
 $2.00 per Day 
 
 Benefits 
 $2.50 per Day 
 
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 $300 
 
 SO. 75 S0.75iS0.75 
 1.05 1.20 1.35 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 600 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 $1.50 $1.50 SI. 50 
 1.80 1.95 2.10 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 900 i 2 
 
 1.35 
 1.65 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 S2.25 
 2.55 
 
 $2.25 
 2.70 
 
 $2.25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1,200 3 
 
 
 2.10 2.10 
 
 2.70 
 
 2.85 
 
 6 
 
 $3.00 
 
 $3.00 
 
 $3.00 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1.500 
 1,800 
 2,100 
 2,400 
 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 
 2.40 
 2.70 
 3.00 
 3.30 
 
 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 5 
 
 2.85 
 3.15 
 3.45 
 3.75 
 
 3.15 
 3.60 
 
 3.45 
 4.05 
 
 i 
 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 1 
 3.30 3.45 3.60 
 
 $3.75 $3.75 
 
 $3.75 
 
 
 
 
 3.601 3.901 4.20 
 3.90 4.351 4.80 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 4.05 4.20 4.35 
 
 
 
 
 4.35 ; 4.651 4.95 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 4.20 
 
 4.80 5.40 
 
 4.65! 5.10 5.55 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 2,700 
 3,000 
 3,300 
 3,600 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 8 
 9 
 
 4.05 
 4.35 
 4.65 
 4.95 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 4.50 
 4.80 
 5.10 
 5.40 
 
 
 
 4 
 5 
 6 
 7 
 
 4.95 5.55 
 5.25 6.00 
 
 6.15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 6 
 7 
 8 
 
 
 
 6.75 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5.55 
 5.85 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 3,900 
 4,200 
 4,500 
 4,800 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 9 ' 5.70 
 
 10 6.00 
 
 11 1 6.30 
 
 12 6.60 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 6.15 
 6.45 
 6.75 
 7.05 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 i 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 5,100 
 5,400 
 5,700 
 6,000 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 7.35 
 7.65 
 7.95 
 8.25 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ! 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 * In addition to death benefit shown in this table, members may take extra accident death benefits not 
 greater in the aggregate than twice the death benefit of their class, without regard to age or physical condition. 
 The monthly rate of contribution for each extra accident death benefit is 15 cents. This allows a member in the 
 first class to carry extra accident death benefit of $600; second class, $1,200; third class, $1,800: fourth class, 
 $2,400; fifth class, $3,000. Under this arrangement a member of the fifth class is enabled to take death bene- 
 fits aggregating $9,000. * 
 
52 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Commutation of allowance 
 by payment of lump sum. 
 
 Where a member receives accidental injuries producing 
 the immediate severing of, or necessitating, in the opinion 
 of the medical officers of the Department, the amputation 
 of, a hand or a foot at or above the wrist or ankle, he may 
 receive daily benefits and payment of surgical bills as pro- 
 vided by regulations, also an artificial limb when such can 
 be worn, or, in lieu thereof and in full of all claims or 
 demands of whatsoever nature against the Department 
 and the Company, and upon executing a release to this 
 effect satisfactory to the Superintendent, he may receive 
 the following- amounts: 
 
 1st class $800 
 
 2nd class _ 1,400 
 
 3rd class 2,000 
 
 4th class..... _. 2,600 
 
 5th class 3,200 
 
 and twice these amounts in case of loss of both hands or 
 both feet or of one hand and one foot. 
 
 In any case of grave injury or chronic sickness where 
 the member desires to accept a lump sum in lieu of the 
 benefits which might become due to him or on his account, 
 and in full of all obligations of the Department or Com- 
 pany arising from his membership or service, the Super- 
 intendent has authority to make full and final settlement 
 with such member on such terms as may be agreed upon 
 in writing. 
 
 Out-of-service membership. 
 
 Any member who has been continuously in the service 
 three (3) years, and a member of the Relief Fund one (1) 
 year immediately preceding termination of his employ- 
 ment, may continue his membership thereafter, but only 
 in respect of the minimum death benefit which he has 
 held at any time during the last year, or of any smaller 
 amount, upon making supplementary application therefor 
 on the prescribed form before termination of employ- 
 ment, or within five (5) days thereafter. 
 
Defrayal of funeral or other 
 urgent expenses. 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 53 
 
 A part of the death benefit, not to exceed $200, may, 
 at the discretion of the Superintendent, be paid before 
 final settlement, to meet funeral or other urgent expenses 
 incident to the death of a member. 
 
 Age limit. 
 Mortality rate. 
 Fund receipts. 
 
 
 Fund disbursements. 
 
 Custodianship of fund 
 moneys. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Maximum age for admission, 45 years ; no minimum age. 
 
 Average annual mortality rate per 1,000 members, 8.7. 
 
 Total receipts since institution to December 31, 1903, 
 
 $4,368,215.69, made up: 
 
 Membership $4,197,912.42 
 
 Company (deficiencies). 42,532.94 
 Other sources. ._ 127,770.33 
 
 Average receipts per annum, all sources, $337,489.90. 
 
 Total disbursements since institution to December 31, 
 1903, $4,592,579.36, made up: 
 
 Accident benefits $1,432,372.94 
 
 Sickness benefits 1,127,247.00 
 
 Death benefits 1,167,019.50 
 
 $3,726,639.44 
 
 Operating expenses (paid bv Com- 
 pany) 865,939.92 
 
 Average disbursements per annum, all expenses, 
 $332,504.71. 
 
 Monevs received for the Relief Fund are held by the Com- 
 pany in trust for the Department. The committee, with 
 the approval of the Board of Directors, may invest money 
 not required for current use. Securities for such invest- 
 ments are in the name of the Company "in trust for the 
 Relief Department." To maintain a reasonable cash 
 balance in the Fund, the Company may sell or secure a 
 loan upon such securities; but if there are no securities 
 upon which money may be realized or no money in the 
 Relief Fund, the Company temporarily advances, without 
 charge to the Fund, such money as is necessary to meet 
 obligations of the Department as they become due. 
 
54 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Total membership. Membership December 31, 1903, 22,141, or about 58 
 
 per centum of entire working force. 
 
 Distribution of membership. The various grades of employes participate in member- 
 ship in the following percentage proportions of their entire 
 numerical strength : 
 
 Class. Percentage. 
 
 Locomotive Engineers 95.97 
 
 Locomotive Firemen 96.56 
 
 Conductors _ 90.09 
 
 Brakemen... 96.82 
 
 Switchmen 96.39 
 
 Total Train, Engine and Yardmen.... 95.59 
 
 Ail others _ 48.87 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Regulations. 
 
 Separate department. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Cleveland Terminal & Valley Railroad Company. 
 
 (88.38 miles; 1,088 employes.) 
 
 Conducts the "Cleveland Terminal & Valley Railroad 
 Relief Department," organized November 1, 1895. 
 
 Regulations and general conditions same as those obtain- 
 ing with Baltimore & Ohio Relief Department, vide supra. 
 
 Separate department, but conducted by the Baltimore & 
 Ohio Relief Department, the accounts being kept distinct 
 from those of latter organization. 
 
 Total receipts during 1903, representing purely member- 
 ship contributions, amounted to $17,148.65. 
 
 Total disbursements during 1903 amounted to $9,304.42, 
 made up as follows : 
 
 Accidental death $2,000.00 
 
 Natural death 500.00 
 
 Disablement from accident 3,126.67 
 
 Disablement from natural causes.. 3,094.95 
 
 Surgical expenses 582.80 
 
Total membership. 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 55 
 
 Membership at end of 1903 was 995, distributed as 
 follows : 
 
 Hazardous class 399 
 
 Non-hazardous class 596 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 No examination. 
 
 No age conditions. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Membership contributions. 
 
 Company contribution. 
 
 Lehigh Valley Railroad Company. 
 
 (1.39S miles; 18,621 employes.) 
 
 Conducts the Lehigh Valley Railroad "Relief Fund," 
 established in January, 1878, which makes provision for 
 members in case of accident, and their families in event of 
 their death from accident, no sick benefits being paid. 
 
 No examination or special procedure for admission to 
 Fund benefits. 
 
 Age conditions do not apply, all employes being permitted 
 to contribute for and receive benefits. 
 
 In immediate charge of the General Manager of the 
 Railroad Company and a Treasurer who is an officer of 
 the Railroad Company, appointed by the President of the 
 Company, its affairs being controlled by the Railroad, 
 which assumes responsibility and bears all expense of 
 management. 
 
 Contributions made on following basis : When Fund needs 
 replenishing the Treasurer issues notice accordingly, when 
 subscription sheets are distributed, on which employes 
 sign their names and specify the amounts which they 
 authorize to be deducted from their wages on the pay-rolls. 
 Employes may contribute one day's wages or less, under 
 each call for contribution, but in no case is the amount to 
 exceed $3.00. These calls are made at intervals of four or 
 five months. 
 
 Company contributes an amount equal to the aggregate 
 of that paid by all contributors. 
 
56 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Basis of allowances. 
 
 Allowance period. 
 
 Burial benefit. 
 
 Distribution among 
 representatives. 
 
 Benefits are paid on basis of contributions to credit of 
 members at time of injury. Employes receive accident 
 benefits, at rate of three-fourths of amount of contributions 
 for the "call" during which injured, for every week-day, 
 exclusive of holidays, for a maximum period of nine months, 
 if disability so long continues. 
 
 Fifty dollars is appropriated for burial expenses; and 
 monthly, for two years from time of employe's decease, an 
 allowance for every working day, at the daily rate of three- 
 fourths of amount of his contributions. The amount of 
 physicians' and surgeons' bills, for services rendered, is 
 deducted from such appropriation, and balance paid to 
 following persons, in the order named, viz., the widow 
 (provided she shall remain unmarried, and provided also 
 that she shall not have been separated and living apart 
 from her husband at the time of his decease) ; child or 
 children under 16 years of age; mother; father; brother or 
 brothers and sister or sisters under 16 years of age. 
 
 Artificial limbs. 
 No refund. 
 
 Fund receipts. 
 
 Fund defrays the cost of artificial limbs. 
 
 Contributions are not refunded, regardless of whether 
 employes leave the service voluntarily or are dismissed. 
 
 Total receipts since inauguration, $938,796.52, made up: 
 
 Membership $469,398.26 
 
 Company 469,398.26 
 
 $938,796.52 
 
 Average annual receipts. 
 
 Fund disbursements. 
 
 Average annual 
 disbursements. 
 
 Average receipts per annum, $36,107.56, made up: 
 
 Membership $18,053.78 
 
 Company _ 18,053.78 
 
 $36,107.56 
 
 Total disbursements since inauguration, $924,236.35, 
 made up of payments for accident and death claims. 
 
 Average disbursements per annum, $35,547.55, for acci- 
 dent and death. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 57 
 
 Mortality rate. 
 
 Total membership. 
 
 Distribution of membership. 
 
 Accounting. 
 
 Average annual mortality rate per 1,000 members, .003 
 per centum. 
 
 Membership in 1903, 6,505, or about 35 per centum of 
 entire working force. 
 
 The various grades of employes participate in member- 
 ship in the following percentage proportions of their entire 
 numerical strength: 
 
 Class. Percentage. 
 
 Employes in Train Service, Enginemen, 
 
 Firemen, Conductors, and Brakemen 80.9 
 
 Employes in Maintenance of Way Depart- 
 ment 31.3 
 
 Employes in Maintenance of Equipment 
 
 Department 32.1 
 
 Records of membership are kept in the office of the 
 Treasurer of the Fund. For each and every "call" there 
 is a complete register of all contributors made. 
 
 The Fund is subject to written orders drawn upon it 
 jointly by the Division Superintendents and the repre- 
 sentatives of the classes to which the beneficiaries belong, 
 which orders must be approved by the General Manager 
 of the Company. The orders then go to the Treasurer for 
 payment. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Long Island Railroad Company. 
 
 (391.76 miles; 5,415 employes.) 
 
 Conducts the "Long Island Railroad Employes' Mutual 
 Relief Association," organized January 1, 1886, which 
 provides for disablement and death benefits, and embraces 
 all classes of employes. 
 
 Fund management is vested in a Committee of Manage- 
 ment, consisting of nine (9) members of the Association, 
 one of whom is the President of the Railroad Company, 
 ex officio, who has the appointment of three members, the 
 remaining five being elected by contributors to the Fund. 
 
58 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Supported by membership contributions, the Railroad 
 allowing interest on cash balances, and also maintaining an 
 office for transaction of Association business, and paying 
 the Secretary's salary. 
 
 Basis of membership 
 contributions. 
 
 Membership contributions based on salary, and are 
 deducted, in advance, on pay-rolls of Railroad Company. 
 
 Scale of contributions and allowances: 
 
 Scale of contributions 
 and allowances. 
 
 Class 
 
 Salary 
 
 Dues ptr 
 Month 
 
 Weekly 
 
 Sick 
 Benefits 
 
 Death 
 
 Benefits 
 
 1st 
 2nd 
 
 $60 and over per month... 
 
 Between $40 and $60 per 
 
 month 
 
 $1.00 
 
 .75 
 .50 
 
 $9.00 
 
 6.75 
 4.50 
 
 $400.00 
 300.00 
 
 3rd 
 
 $40 and under per month.. 
 
 200.00 
 
 Benefit period. 
 
 Sick benefits begin with the eighth day, and continue 
 for six (6) months. For accident, not less than seven 
 days nor more than six (6) months. 
 
 No special benefits. Members not allowed to enter class calling for benefits 
 
 higher than those based upon wage earnings. No additional 
 death benefits. 
 
 Custodianship of fund 
 moneys. 
 
 Moneys belonging to the Fund of the Association, not 
 needed for immediate use, are invested by the Committee 
 of Management in such first-class securities as it may deem 
 safe and best ; and all such securities and moneys necessary 
 to meet current expenses are entrusted to the custody of 
 the Railroad Company, to be held subject to the requisi- 
 tion of said committee. 
 
 Out -of -service membership. 
 
 Full membership may be retained after leaving the ser- 
 vice of Company, by payment of contributions therefor. 
 
Railway guarantee. 
 
 Fund receipts. 
 
 Fund disbursements. 
 
 Mortality rate. 
 
 Total membership. 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 59 
 
 Railroad Company guarantees the support and security 
 of the Fund to the extent of $10,000. 
 
 Total receipts since inauguration, $382,395.00. 
 Average receipts per annum, $21,244.17. 
 
 Receipts (including cash balance from preceding year) 
 for year ending January 31, 1904, $58,884.32, made up: 
 
 From members $41,565.25 
 
 Interest allowed by Railroad Com- 
 pany on Association cash balance 840.50 
 Cash balance February 1, 1903 16,478.57 
 
 $58,884.32 
 
 Total disbursements since inauguration, $367,233.00. 
 Average disbursements per annum, $20,401.83. 
 Disbursements during year ending January 31, 1904, 
 $42,186.86, made up: 
 
 Disablement benefits, account of 
 
 injuries — $10,373.34 
 
 Disablement benefits, account of 
 
 natural causes 15,011.37 
 
 Death benefits, account of injuries... 7,300.00 
 
 Death benefits, account of natural 
 
 causes 9,300.00 
 
 $41,984.71 
 
 Stationery and printing 202.15 
 
 $42,186.86 
 
 Average annual mortality rate per 1,000 members, about 
 14. 
 
 Membership 4,700, or about 87 per centum of total work- 
 ing force. 
 
60 
 
 Insurance and Reuef Provision. 
 
 Associated roads 
 East of Pittsburgh. 
 
 Inauguration 
 East of Pittsburgh. 
 
 First independent 
 relief organization. 
 
 Associated roads 
 West of Pittsburgh. 
 
 Pennsylvania System East and West of Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 (10,913.89 miles; 172,024 employes.) 
 
 System East of Pittsburgh. 
 
 (5,852.44 miles; 117,928 employes.) 
 
 The System East of Pittsburgh includes the following com- 
 panies associated in joint administration of Relief Depart- 
 ment, viz.: 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company, including: 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Division, 
 United Railroads of New Jersey Division, 
 Philadelphia & Erie Railroad Division, 
 Buffalo & Allegheny Valley Division, and 
 Northern Central Railway Company; 
 Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad Com- 
 pany; 
 West Jersey & Seashore Railroad Company. 
 The associated companies above named represent an 
 aggregate mileage of 5,208.87 miles, and 110,327 employes, 
 the remaining total system mileage, 643.57 miles, and 
 employes numbering 7,601, being distributed among 
 affiliated and subsidiary companies. 
 
 Although the subject had been urged upon the manage- 
 ment of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company by its em- 
 ployes as far back as 1874, the department was not finally 
 organized until February 15, 1886, with the title "The 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Voluntary Relief Department." 
 
 This was the first absolutely independent Relief organiza- 
 tion formed in the United States for railroad employes, in 
 that it is possessed of a complete and distinctive autonomy, 
 wholly disassociated from any other provident feature. 
 
 System West of Pittsburgh. 
 
 (5,061.45 miles; 54,096 employes.) 
 
 The System West of Pittsburgh includes the following com- 
 panies associated in joint administration of Relief Depart- 
 ment, viz.: 
 
 Pennsylvania Company; 
 
 Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway 
 
 Company ; 
 Grand Rapids & Indiana Railway Company; 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 61 
 
 Inauguration 
 West of Pittsburgh. 
 
 Meaning of Associated 
 Companies. 
 
 Joint consideration 
 for plans. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Accident, Sickness, 
 and Death benefits. 
 
 Railroad Company's 
 responsibility and 
 assumption. 
 
 Terre Haute & Logansport Railway Company; 
 
 Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley Railroad Company; 
 
 Wavnesburg & Washington Railroad Company; 
 
 Cincinnati, Lebanon & Northern Railway Company ; 
 
 Newport & Cincinnati Bridge Company; 
 
 Wheeling Terminal Railway Company; 
 
 Cleveland, Akron & Columbus Railway Company. 
 The associated companies above named represent an 
 aggregate mileage of 4,137.99 miles, and 49,066 employes, 
 the remaining total system mileage, 923.46 miles, and 
 employes numbering 5,030, being distributed among 
 affiliated and subsidiary companies. 
 
 The Relief Department, a practical facsimile of that of 
 the Lines East of Pittsburgh, was organized July 1, 1889, 
 and entitled "The Voluntary Relief Department of the 
 Pennsylvania Lines West of Pittsburgh." 
 
 The railway companies above enumerated represent what 
 are known as the associated companies in the operations of 
 the Relief schemes of the entire System, their joint co- 
 operation having been duly provided for, from time to 
 time, by their respective Boards of Directors on the basis 
 of agreements specially framed and executed for the purpose. 
 
 Unless, therefore, results consequent upon physical 
 differences in operation of the two parts of the System shall 
 develop marked differences in showing for Relief features 
 common to both, the Relief plans will be discussed herein 
 conjointly. 
 
 The objects of the Department are stated as being: 
 The establishment of a fund, to be known as "The Relief 
 Fund," for the payment of definite amounts to employes 
 contributing thereto, who, under the Regulations, may be 
 entitled to benefits therefrom, when they are disabled by 
 accident or sickness, and in the event of their death to the 
 relatives or other beneficiaries designated in the applications 
 for fund membership. 
 
 The Railroad Company has general charge of the Depart- 
 ment ; guarantees the fulfillment of the obligations assumed 
 by it from time to time ; takes charge of the funds, assuming 
 
62 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 full responsibility for their safe-keeping ; supplies the neces- 
 sary facilities for conducting departmental business (which 
 is conducted as a separate branch of the service), and pays all 
 operating expenses, including salaries of the officers, Medical 
 Examiners and clerical force ; also pays interest on monthly 
 balances in its hands; and, as Trustee and Guarantor of the 
 Fund, approves securities in which investments are made. 
 
 Executive charge. 
 
 Superintendent. 
 
 Executive officer of the Department is the Superintendent, 
 aided by an Assistant Superintendent, appointed by the 
 Board of Directors, who has general control of all business 
 pertaining to the department, subject to supervision of the 
 Company's General Manager, and, with the approval of 
 the latter, employs the medical force, consisting of a Chief 
 Medical Examiner and a corps of Medical Examiners, and 
 the necessary clerical force. 
 
 General supervision. General supervision of Department operations is vested 
 
 in an Advisory Committee, of which the General Manager is 
 
 Advisory Committee. ex officio a member and the chairman, and fourteen members, 
 
 seven of whom are elected by the contributing members 
 from among themselves on the basis of ballots, by specially 
 created electoral divisions, the other seven being appointed 
 by the several Boards of Directors. Each member serves 
 for a period of three years, the elections being held and 
 appointments made triennially, in different years, and in 
 such manner as to provide for there always being on the 
 Committee a majority of members who have served thereon 
 for a period of time sufficient to afford them practical 
 familiarity with the workings of the Fund. 
 
 Participants. 
 
 Membership includes all classes of employes, and is 
 voluntary. 
 
 Maximum age for 
 admission to service. 
 
 Maximum age for entrance to service of associated com- 
 panies is 35 years, except where the duties involved call 
 for professional or other special qualifications, when em- 
 

 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 63 
 
 ployment maybe given to persons over that age, by authority 
 of the Board of Directors. 
 
 Procedure for 
 securing membership. 
 
 Employe desiring membership makes known his wish, 
 either verbally or in writing, to the person under whom he 
 is immediately employed, whose duty it is to at once send 
 the request, through the usual channel, to the Division 
 Superintendent or other proper officer in charge, who 
 will cause the necessary notice to be transmitted to the 
 Relief Department and to the Medical Examiner, and the 
 latter will make the requisite physical examination and 
 prepare a formal application for the applicant to sign. 
 
 Maximum membership age. 
 
 Any employe of the associated companies, if not over 45 
 years of age, may, on application, become a member upon 
 passing a satisfactory physical examination. 
 
 Disregard of age limit or 
 physical condition at stait. 
 
 For a period of six (6) months after institution of the 
 Fund, the privilege of enjoying membership was extended 
 to all employes in the service, regardless of age or physical 
 condition. 
 
 Membership first year 
 
 At the close of the first year of operation, 1886, there 
 were 19,952 members of the Pennsylvania Railroad Depart- 
 ment. 
 
 System membership. The present System membership aggregated 104,151, as 
 
 of December 31, 1903. 
 
64 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Distribution among 
 various classes. 
 
 Number of employes, by 
 grades, and distribution in 
 Relief Fund membership. 
 
 This total membership has the following percentage 
 distribution among the several grades of employes identified 
 with roads associated in Fund administration, viz.: 
 
 Officers ; Agents, Clerks, etc 
 
 Telegraph Operators 
 
 Conductors, all trains 
 
 Brakemen, all trains. 
 
 Locomotive Enginemen, all trains 
 Locomotive Firemen, all trains.... 
 
 Yardmen 
 
 Shopmen 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 Floating Equipment. 
 
 Lines 
 
 East of 
 
 Pittsburgh 
 
 IylNES 
 
 West of 
 Pittsburgh 
 
 Per Cent. 
 
 21 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 15 
 
 4 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 25 
 17 
 
 1 
 
 Per Cent. 
 
 17 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 11 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 11 
 30 
 
 7 
 
 Lines East and West. 
 
 Following is table showing the full numerical strength of 
 each grade of employes, with distribution by number and 
 percentage in Relief Fund membership, for the Lines of the 
 System East and West of Pittsburgh, associated in Fund 
 administration, the figures for the Lines East representing 
 the status as of December 31, 1903, and those for the Lines 
 West as of March 31, 1904: 
 
 CLASS 
 
 LINES EAST 
 
 Total 
 Number 
 Employes 
 
 Number 
 
 in Relief 
 
 Fund 
 
 Relief 
 Fund 
 Per- 
 centage 
 
 LINES WEST 
 
 Total 
 Number 
 Employes 
 
 Number 
 
 in Relief 
 
 Fund 
 
 Relief 
 Fund 
 Per- 
 centage 
 
 Officers, Agents, Clerks, etc.. _. 
 
 Telegraph Operators 
 
 Conductors, all trains 
 
 Brakemen, all trains 
 
 Locomotive Enginemen, all trains 
 Locomotive Firemen, all trains.... 
 
 Yardmen - 
 
 Shopmen 
 
 Trackmen 
 
 Floating Equipment 
 
 Total 
 
 24,093 
 2,702 
 3,606 
 
 13,087 
 4,483 
 4,779 
 4,189 
 
 27,642 
 
 24,745 
 1,001 
 
 110,327 
 
 15,833 
 1,878 
 2,969 
 
 11,352 
 3,487 
 4,381 
 3,637 
 
 18,990 
 
 13,301 
 679 
 
 66 
 70 
 82 
 87 
 78 
 92 
 87 
 69 
 54 
 68 
 
 7,988 
 1,340 
 1,508 
 3,213 
 2,198 
 2,328 
 3,515 
 10,587 
 7,586 
 
 4,436 
 985 
 1,394 
 3,027 
 2,062 
 2,260 
 3,018 
 8,894 
 1,908 
 
 76,507 
 
 69 
 
 40,263 
 
 27,984 
 
 56 
 74 
 92 
 94 
 94 
 97 
 86 
 84 
 25 
 
 70 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 65 
 
 Membership contribution. 
 
 Membership payments are fixed and uniform without 
 reference to occupation; there being five (5) classes of 
 membership, calling for the following monthly con- 
 tributions, payable in advance, and deducted on pay- 
 rolls, viz.: 
 
 Classes. 
 
 1st class $0.75 
 
 2nd class 1.50 
 
 3rd class 2.25 
 
 4th class 3.00 
 
 5th class 3.75 
 
 Membership classification. 
 
 Membership classification is based on usual earnings 
 per month at the time of application, with the following 
 grading: 
 
 Earnings. 
 
 
 Lines East 
 
 Lines West 
 
 Class 
 
 Monthly Earnings 
 
 Monthly Earnings 
 
 1st 
 
 Less than $35. 
 
 Not over $40. 
 
 2nd 
 
 $35 or more, but less than $55. 
 
 Over $40, but not over $60. 
 
 3rd 
 
 $55 or more, but less than $75. 
 
 Over $60, but not over $80. 
 
 4th 
 
 $75 or more, but less than $95. 
 
 Over $80, but not over $100. 
 
 5th 
 
 $95 or more. 
 
 Over $100. 
 
 Changing to higher 
 or lower class. 
 
 Members may enter or change to a class not higher than 
 that determined by their usual earnings, physical exami- 
 nation being required, except on changing to a lower class. 
 Member not over age 45, with five (5) years' continuous 
 service and one (1) year's membership in Fund (both 
 immediately prior to his supplementary application), may 
 enter any class higher than that determined by his pay 
 upon passing a satisfactory examination. 
 
66 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Table of benefits. 
 
 Amount of accident and sick benefits, and death allow- 
 ances, based on class membership, viz.: 
 
 First 
 Class 
 
 Second 
 Class 
 
 Third 
 Class 
 
 Fourth 
 Class 
 
 Fifth 
 Class 
 
 ACCIDENT. 
 
 Accident benefits per day, including Sundays 
 and holidays: 
 
 First 52 weeks 
 
 $0.50 
 .25 
 
 $0.40 
 .20 
 
 $250.00 
 
 $1.00 
 .50 
 
 $0.80 
 .40 
 
 $500.00 
 
 $1.50 
 .75 
 
 $1.20 
 .60 
 
 $750.00 
 
 $2.00 
 1.00 
 
 $1.60 
 .80 
 
 $1,000.00 
 
 $2.50 
 
 After 52 weeks 
 
 1.25 
 
 *SICKNESS. 
 
 Sickness benefits per day, including Sundays 
 and holidays: 
 
 Not longer than 52 weeks, but not in- 
 cluding first 3 days 
 
 $2.00 
 
 After 52 weeks " 
 
 1.00 
 
 DEATH. 
 
 Payment in event of death 
 
 $1,250.00 
 
 
 
 Regular and additional 
 death benefits. 
 
 Members are privileged to take death benefits, additional 
 to that of their class, to an amount not greater than their 
 class death benefit, viz.: 
 
 
 First 
 Class 
 
 Second 
 Class 
 
 Third 
 
 Class 
 
 Fourth 
 Class 
 
 Fifth 
 Class 
 
 Class death benefit 
 
 $250.00 
 250.00 
 
 $500.00 
 500.00 
 
 $750.00 $1,000.00 
 750.00 | 1,000.00 
 
 $1,250.00 
 
 Additional death benefit 
 
 1,250.00 
 
 Total death benefits 
 
 $500.00 
 
 $1,000.00 
 
 $1,500.00 $2,000.00 
 
 $2,500.00 
 
 
 
 ' 
 
 
 For each additional death benefit of the first class ($250) 
 the rates of contribution are as follows: 
 
 For a member not over 45 years of age $0.30 
 
 For a member over 45 and not over 60 years 
 
 of age 45 
 
 For a member over 60 years of age 60 
 
 * Lines West of Pittsburgh do not pay sickness benefits for first six (6) days, 
 nor do they provide for payment of sickness benefits after 52 weeks. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 67 
 
 Where death benefit is taken at a given rate, the rate is 
 not increased on account of increasing age. 
 
 "Company Reliefs 
 Lines East. 
 
 Substitute for 
 Company Relief. 
 
 Lines East. 
 
 Regulations originally provided for payment of sick 
 benefit for a maximum period of 52 weeks of continuous 
 disablement. Many cases developed calling for continued 
 relief measures after the expiration of that period, and 
 these were taken care of by the Boards of Directors, by 
 authorizing donations directly from Company revenue. 
 This form of relief, known as "Company Relief," was 
 started in connection with the Lines East of Pittsburgh in 
 October, 1887, and terminated with the establishment of 
 the Pension Department, January 1, 1900, and during its 
 continuance there was expended the aggregate sum of 
 $363,919.05. Under the present arrangement the sick are 
 carried by the Fund, at half rates, after 52 weeks, until 
 recovery, or until properly eligible to Superannuation and 
 Pension allowance. 
 
 "Company Relief, 
 Lines West. 
 
 Lines West. 
 
 It is still the practice of the several companies associated 
 in operation of the Relief Department of the Lines West of 
 Pittsburgh and Erie, where members of the Relief Fund 
 continue disabled by sickness beyond 52 weeks, thus 
 exhausting their title to sickness benefits from the Fund, 
 and where such members' service record warrants, to 
 Basis>nd rate of allowance, authorize payment of "Company Relief." The rate for 
 the first year, as a rule, is one-half the amount to which 
 a member was entitled from the Fund; if extended to 
 second year, the rate being again cut in two; this process 
 being continued until the rate is reduced to 20 cents a day, 
 in which event it is fixed at that figure. Each individual 
 case is treated on its merits, and, in determining whether 
 or not "Company Relief" shall be paid, the member's 
 length of service, performance of meritorious acts, and 
 financial condition are all taken into consideration by the 
 Boards of Directors. These benefits are paid from the 
 
68 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Funeral expenses not 
 regularly provided for. 
 
 treasuries of the associated companies, who reimburse the 
 Relief Fund for any amounts paid to members on this 
 account. 
 
 Special or other funeral expenses are not paid as independ- 
 ent charges against the Fund ; they are, however, authorized 
 by the Regulations as a part of the death benefit before 
 final settlement, when specially desired by the beneficiaries ; 
 all such payments being treated as a part of the death 
 benefit, and deducted therefrom. 
 
 Triennial periods. 
 Mortality rate. 
 
 Fund is operated on the basis of triennial periods. 
 
 Average annual mortality rate per 1,000 members: 
 
 Lines East of Pittsburgh 12.6 
 
 Lines West of Pittsburgh 12.0 
 
 Basis of receipts, working 
 capital, and operating 
 expenses. 
 
 The receipts, working capital, and operating expenses 
 of the Fund are derived from and provided through the 
 following avenues, viz.: 
 
 a. — Membership contributions. 
 
 b. — Company appropriation, when necessary, to make 
 
 up triennial operative deficits. 
 c. — Income and profit arising from investment of Fund 
 
 moneys. 
 d. — Gifts or legacies made for use of Fund. 
 e. — Free use of building, transportation, and other 
 facilities supplied by the associated companies for 
 conducting Department business. 
 /. — Relief from all operating expenses, which are borne 
 exclusively by the associated companies. 
 
 Disposition of fund surplus. 
 
 In the event of a surplus, at the end of any three-year 
 period of operation, after making due allowance for liabilities 
 incurred and not paid, such surplus is devoted exclusively 
 in the promotion of a fund for the benefit of superannuated 
 members, or in some other manner for the sole benefit of 
 members of the Relief Fund. 
 
Determination of 
 financial conrlition. 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 69 
 
 Financial condition is determined through quarterly and 
 annual statements of Fund operations, showing the total 
 receipts from all sources, disbursements, balances, and 
 surplus or deficit, as the case may be, this information 
 being embodied in regular annual report of the Company 
 to the stockholders. There is also prepared at stated 
 intervals, as a matter of special detailed information, an 
 exhibit of known and contingent liabilities, including in 
 the latter an estimated cost of cases of disablement originat- 
 ing prior to and continuing beyond the close of the period. 
 
 Total receipts. 
 
 Total receipts since inauguration aggregate $19,950,- 
 940.94, made up: 
 
 East of Pittsburgh. 
 
 West, of Pittsburgh. 
 
 Aggregate receipts. 
 
 Lines East of Pittsburgh. 
 
 From membership $11,672,717.39 
 
 From Company 2,544,348.11 
 
 From other sources 422,027.04 
 
 Total receipts, Lines East of Pitts- 
 burgh $14,639,092.54 
 
 Lines West of Pittsburgh. 
 
 From membership $4,342,321.95 
 
 From Company 969,526.45 
 
 Total receipts, Lines West of Pitts- 
 burgh....- 5,311,848.40 
 
 Aggregate receipts, Pennsylvania 
 System $19,950,940.94 
 
 Average annual receipts. 
 
 Average receipts per annum for Lines East of Pittsburgh, 
 $813,282.91, and for Lines West of Pittsburgh, $404,554.73, 
 or an aggregate of $1,217,837.64 for the entire System. 
 
70 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Total disbursements. 
 
 Lines East of Pittsburgh. 
 
 Lines West of Pittsburgh. 
 
 Average annual 
 disbursements. 
 
 Fund Accounts. 
 
 Relief Fund Account. 
 
 Total disbursements since inauguration, $18,595,066.75, 
 made up: 
 
 Lines East of Pittsburgh. 
 
 For accident $2,246,454.10 
 
 For sickness. 4,455,618.80 
 
 For death 4,851,434.88 
 
 For operating expenses 1,815,641.54 
 For superannuation al- 
 lowances 148,662.15 
 
 $13,517,811.47 
 
 Lines West of Pittsburgh. 
 
 For accident $1,162,281.65 
 
 For sickness.... 1,473,124.60 
 
 For death 1,687,241.22 
 
 $4,322,647.47 
 For operating expenses 754,607.81 
 
 $5,077,255.28 
 
 Total disbursements for entire 
 
 System $18,595,066.75 
 
 Average disbursements per annum, for Lines East of 
 Pittsburgh, $750,989.53, and for Lines West of Pittsburgh, 
 $381,260.40, or an aggregate of $1,132,249.93 for the entire 
 
 System. 
 
 The following "General Ledger" and "General Expense" 
 Accounts are conducted in connection with operations of the 
 Relief Department of the Lines East of Pittsburgh, viz.: 
 
 "Relief Fund" Account, which includes payments of 
 benefits on account of disablement or death of members of 
 the Relief Fund; on account of funeral expenses advanced; 
 payments for surgical attendance; and contributions 
 returned to members, chargeable to the current triennial 
 period, counting from and including the year 1886. This 
 account is credited with contributions received from 
 members, and any benefits returned by persons to whom 
 same have been paid. 
 
Relief Fund 
 Liability Account. 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 71 
 
 "Relief Fund Liability" Account, which includes pay- 
 ments of benefits on account of disablement or death of 
 members of the Relief Fund ; on account of funeral expenses 
 advanced ; payments for surgical attendance ; and contribu- 
 tions returned to members, chargeable to any triennial 
 period prior to the current period. This account is credited 
 with any benefits returned by persons to whom paid, and 
 Company payments necessary to make up Fund deficiencies. 
 
 Relief Fund 
 Surplus Account. 
 
 "Relief Fund Surplus" Account, which includes such 
 amount as may stand to the credit of "Superannuation 
 Fund" Account at the end of any triennial period. 
 
 Superannuation 
 Fund Account. 
 
 Relief Department 
 Expenses Account. 
 
 "Superannuation Fund" Account, which includes pay- 
 ments of superannuation allowances to retired employes 
 members of the Relief Fund. This account is credited 
 with interest accrued on investments of Relief Fund surplus, 
 and the balance standing to the credit of the "Relief Fund 
 Liability" Account at the close of each triennial period, 
 such credit balance being transferred to the "Relief Fund 
 Surplus" Account. 
 
 "Relief Department Expenses" Account, which includes 
 all expenses incurred by the associated companies in con- 
 nection with operation of the Department, and which are 
 not otherwise provided for. 
 
 Advantages offered by 
 Department membership. 
 
 The advantages of the Relief Department to employes 
 may be thus recounted: 
 
 a.— Indemnity in case of disablement from accident or 
 sickness, and death from accident or natural causes, 
 at a minimum cost; the protection extended for 
 death being particularly advantageous to employes 
 occupying hazardous positions, as many of the 
 regular-line life-insurance companies will not insure 
 them, and those that do demand largely increased 
 premiums over the ordinary risk. 
 
72 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 b. — Free surgical attendance in case of disablement 
 from accident while in the performance of duty; 
 also the furnishing of artificial limbs and other 
 prosthetic agencies. 
 
 c. — No payment for membership or Medical Examiners' 
 fees. 
 
 d. — No special dues or taxes. 
 
 e. — No extra assessments. 
 
 /. — Exemption from contribution during disablement, 
 after that made for the month in which the dis- 
 ablement originates. 
 
 g. — Protection against possibility of forfeiting title to 
 benefits for non-payment of dues; the practice of 
 collecting contributions on the pay-rolls obviating 
 this so long as the member is on duty. 
 
 //. — No assessments for administration, all expenses 
 being borne by the associated companies. 
 
 *. — Benefits not susceptible to hypothecation; death 
 benefits being devoted exclusively to payments 
 to designated beneficiaries. 
 
 j. — Relief from making contributions to their fellow-em- 
 ployes or their families, in destitute circumstances, 
 from protracted disablement or death. Papers 
 soliciting such subscriptions, which are now no 
 longer seen, were of common occurrence before 
 the Department was established. 
 
 Date of institution. 
 
 Philadelphia & Reading Railway Company. 
 
 (1,467.8 miles; 23,721 employes.) 
 
 Conducts the "Philadelphia & Reading Relief Associa- 
 tion," organized October 30, 1888, and put in effect Decem- 
 ber 1, 1888. 
 
 Contributions and 
 benefits. 
 
 Contributions and benefits correspond with those obtain- 
 ing with the Pennsylvania Railroad Fund, vide supra. 
 There is paid an additional sum of $100 from the Surplus 
 Fund for each death regardless of class. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 73 
 
 Table of Contributions and Benefits. 
 
 1st 
 Class 
 
 2nd 
 Class 
 
 3rd 
 Class 
 
 4th 
 Class 
 
 5th 
 Class 
 
 Highest Monthly Pay 
 
 Contributions per Month : 
 Class 
 
 Additional Death Benefit, Equal 
 to Death Benefit of Class. 
 
 Not over 45 years of age 
 
 Over 45 years and not over 60 
 
 years of age 
 
 Over 60 years of age 
 
 Disablement Benefits per Day, 
 including Sundays and Hol- 
 idays. 
 Accident. 
 
 For 52 weeks 
 
 Sickness. 
 
 After first 7 days, and not longer 
 than 52 weeks 
 
 Death Benefits. 
 
 For Class 
 
 Additional Payment from Sur- 
 plus Fund- 
 
 Additional Death Benefits that 
 mav be taken 
 
 $35.00 
 .75 
 
 .30 
 
 .45 
 .60 
 
 .50 
 
 .40 
 
 250.00 
 100.00 
 250.00 
 
 $55.00 $75.00 
 
 1.50 
 
 .60 
 
 .90 
 1.20 
 
 1.00 
 
 .80 
 
 500.00 
 100.00 
 500.00 
 
 2.25 
 
 .90 
 
 1.35 
 1.80 
 
 1.50 
 
 1.20 
 
 750.00 
 100.00 
 750.00 
 
 $95.00 
 3.00 
 
 1.20 
 
 1.80 
 2.40 
 
 2.00 
 
 1.60 
 
 1,000.00 
 
 100.00 
 
 1,000.00 
 
 OVER 
 
 $95.00 
 
 3.75 
 
 1.50 
 
 2.25 
 3.00 
 
 2.50 
 
 2.00 
 
 1,250.00 
 
 100.00 
 
 1,250.00 
 
 Disposition of yearly surplus. 
 
 Age limit. 
 Benefit period. 
 
 Regulations provide that if, at the end of any fiscal year, 
 there should be a surplus, after making due allowance for 
 liabilities incurred and not paid, such surplus shall be used 
 in the promotion of a fund for the benefit of superannuated 
 members of the Association, or in some other manner for 
 the sole benefit of members of the Association, whether by 
 additional death benefits or otherwise, as shall be determined 
 by vote of two-thirds of the Advisory Committee. 
 
 Maximum age for admission to membership, 45 years. 
 
 Length of treatment, 52 weeks. Exhaustion of this 
 benefit period leaves the member with title to death benefit 
 allowance only. 
 
74 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Out-of-service membership. 
 
 Railway contributions. 
 
 Determination of 
 financial condition. 
 
 Total receipts. 
 
 Annual receipts. 
 
 Total disbursements. 
 
 Annual 
 disbursements. 
 
 Membership rights, also those of beneficiaries, are for- 
 feited and invalidated upon termination of service with the 
 employing company, except that if the membership has 
 continued for a period of three (3) years it may remain in 
 respect to Death Benefit only. 
 
 Railway Company and interested co-operating companies 
 contribute to the Fund to the extent of five (5) per centum 
 of all sums contributed by employes, and also make good 
 any Fund deficiencies for benefits accrued to their respective 
 members. 
 
 Basis for determining financial condition is the annual 
 report compiled by Auditors appointed by the Association 
 Advisory Committee for the purpose. 
 
 Total receipts since inauguration, $4,049,494.11, made up : 
 
 From membership $3,362,678.05 
 
 From Company 443,831.68 
 
 From other sources 242,984.38 
 
 Average receipts per annum, from above sources, $269,- 
 966.28. 
 
 Receipts from all sources for the fiscal year ended Novem- 
 ber 30, 1903, aggregated $299,940.11, made up: 
 
 From members _ $262,812.84 
 
 From Railway Company, 
 
 5 per centum of sums 
 
 contributed by members. 12,995.02 
 Interest on monthly bank 
 
 balances at 3 per centum 
 
 per annum 728.01 
 
 Income from investments... 23,404.24 
 
 $299,940.11 
 
 Total disbursements since inauguration, $3,596,729.96 
 made up: 
 
 For accident $880,574.66 
 
 For sickness 895,794.16 
 
 For death 1,436,708.05 
 
 $3,213,076.87 
 
 For operating expenses.... $375,077.25 
 
 For other expenses 8,575.84 
 
 $383,653.09 
 
 Average annual disbursements, as above, $241,765.54 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 75 
 
 Disbursements for all purposes during the fiscal year ended 
 November 30, 1903, aggregated $292,423.41, made up: 
 
 Death benefits, accident...... $46,250.00 
 
 Death benefits, natural 
 
 causes 64,550.00 
 
 Death benefits, accident, 
 
 Surplus Fund 10,200.00 
 
 Death benefits, natural 
 
 causes, Surplus Fund 15,100.00 
 
 Death benefits, former 
 
 employes 3,500.00 
 
 $139,600.00 
 
 Disablement benefits, acci- 
 dent $65, 152.50 
 
 Disablement benefits, natu- 
 ral causes 70,016.30 
 
 Disablement benefits, acci- 
 dent, Surplus Fund... 316.20 
 
 Disablement benefits, natu- 
 ral causes, Surplus Fund. 651.90 
 
 136,136.90 
 
 Total, Death and Disablement $275,736.90 
 
 Salaries and expenses of Medical 
 
 Examiners and clerks... 16,186.51 
 
 Reduction in value of investment in 
 The Philadelphia & Reading Coal and 
 Iron Company's Coal Trust Certifi- 
 cates... 500.00 
 
 $292,423.41 
 
 Annual cash expenditure by The expenses of operating the Association during 1903 
 
 Associated Companies. , -_,_ „__ ,„ - , . , «..,_ ._, .-,„ 
 
 aggregated $33,658.40, of which amount £>l/,4/1.89 was 
 paid proportionately by the associated companies, the 
 balance, $16,186.51, as shown in above statement of dis- 
 bursements for the year, represented salaries and expenses 
 
76 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 of the medical corps paid out of the Relief Fund. In 
 addition to sum contributed by the associated companies 
 for operating expenses, as above, the Philadelphia & Read- 
 ing Railway Company contributed to the Fund, as shown 
 in foregoing statement of receipts, $12,995.02, thus making 
 a cash outlay by the companies of $30,466.91. 
 
 Mortality rate. 
 
 Average annual mortality rate per 1,000 members, 12.1. 
 The death rate during the year ended November 30, 1903, 
 was 13.9 per 1,000 members. 
 
 Total membership. 
 
 Membership as of November 30, 1903, was 18,951, or 
 about 80 per centum of full working force, the average 
 membership for the year having been 19,009. 
 
 Distribution of membership. 
 
 Distribution of membership among employes, viz.: 
 
 r Number of 
 ^ A&& - Participants. 
 
 General Officers 18 
 
 Other Officers 40 
 
 General Office Clerks 542 
 
 Station Agents 425 
 
 Other Station Men 652 
 
 Enginemen 1,152 
 
 Firemen 1,152 
 
 Conductors 925 
 
 Other Trainmen 2,882 
 
 Machinists 683 
 
 Carpenters 285 
 
 Other Shopmen 3,699 
 
 Section Foremen 360 
 
 Other Trackmen 1 ,446 
 
 Switchmen, Flagmen, and Watchmen 597 
 
 Train Dispatchers and Telegraph Operators 419 
 
 Employes account Floating Equipment 125 
 
 All other employes 3,214 
 
 Members retaining death benefit feature 
 
 after termination of service 335 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 77 
 
 Accounting. 
 
 All contributions to the Fund by members (whether by 
 deduction on pay-roll or by cash payment when no wages 
 are earned on account of furlough or suspension), contribu- 
 tion by the Philadelphia & Reading Railway Company, 
 income from investments, etc., are credited to the respective 
 income accounts; and the death and disablement benefits, 
 contributions returned, salaries and expenses of medical 
 examiners and their clerks, and investments made, are 
 charged to the respective expense accounts, in accordance 
 with the principles - of double-entry bookkeeping. All 
 moneys received for the Fund are held by the Treasurer of 
 the Philadelphia & Reading Railway Company as a separate 
 fund to the credit of the Association, subject to drafts by 
 such Treasurer only when same are countersigned by the 
 Chairman of the Advisory Committee. 
 
 Statistics for Relief Funds 
 in United States. 
 
 Statistical Recapitulation for Railway Relief Funds in the 
 United States. 
 
 The nine (9) purely Relief Department roads hereinbefore 
 discussed represent an aggregate of 31,000 miles of roadway, 
 or about 15 per centum of the total railway mileage of the 
 United States, with employes numbering 318,000, or about 
 24 per centum of the total number of railway employes in 
 the country, and an insurance membership of 206,000 
 employes, or practically 65 per centum of the total number 
 of employes identified with the service of the roads involved ; 
 and this membership percentage would be largely increased 
 were the computations based on the exclusion of non- 
 membership employes, who are so because of ineligibility 
 for membership, owing to age or physical disqualifications. 
 The combined average annual disbursements of these 
 departments aggregate about $2,230,000, while their 
 combined disbursements since organization approximate 
 $37,150,000. 
 
 Employes' associations. 
 
 Purely Employes' Relief Association. 
 
 In many instances the railway employes themselves 
 have established relief associations whose operations are 
 
78 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 localized with the roads with which the men are directly 
 identified. These local organizations are sometimes abso- 
 lutely self-supporting, and often are the recipients of 
 substantial financial and other assistance from the rail- 
 ways concerned. While the Reporter has advice of many 
 of these plans, only a few of the more representative will 
 be accorded mention : 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Boston & Maine Railroad Company. 
 
 (2,281.77 miles; 23,205 employes.) 
 
 Employes conduct "The Boston & Maine Railroad 
 Relief Association," organized in April, 1882, and incor- 
 porated in March, 1885, providing sick and death benefits. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 In charge of a President, Vice-Presidents, Secretary, 
 Treasurer, Board of Directors, Finance Committee, and 
 Board of Trustees of Special Fund. 
 
 Assessment plan. 
 
 Assessment plan. Eleven assessments per annum per 
 capita for the Disability Fund, and one assessment in 
 June for the Expense Fund; and twelve assessments for 
 the Death Benefit Fund. Under the by-laws either an 
 extra assessment for each fund may be levied or regular 
 assessments omitted. 
 
 Minimum and 
 maximum ages. 
 
 Applicants for membership must be between the ages of 
 18 and 45 years, and must have been in employ of Rail- 
 road Company or Leased Lines not less than six months 
 previous to making application. 
 
 Physical examination. 
 
 Applicant for membership required to pass satisfactory 
 physical examination and pay fee therefor. 
 
 Admission fee. 
 Contributory basis. 
 
 Admission fee of $2.00 for membership. 
 Age determines membership payments. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 79 
 
 Soale of assessments. 
 
 Sick benefits. 
 
 Out-of-service membership. 
 
 Assessments for "Expenses" and "Disability Fund," viz.: 
 
 Under 45 years of age... $0.50 per month. 
 
 45 years and over 75 per month. 
 
 Assessments for "Death Benefit" Fund, viz.: 
 
 Under 45 years of age $1.00 
 
 45 years and over 1.50 
 
 Sick benefits uniform, $6.00 a week, of six working days, 
 for 16 weeks, if sickness so long continues, and not over 32 
 weeks' benefits in any year, with a maximum per capita 
 sick allowance of $500, when member becomes ineligible 
 for further receipts from Sick Benefit Fund. In event of 
 death $1,000 is paid to proper beneficiary. 
 
 Membership in the Association may be retained after 
 leaving service of Railroad Company by making the regular 
 contributions therefor. 
 
 Annual receipts. 
 
 Receipts in 1903 amounted to $36,949.82, from all 
 sources. 
 
 Total disbursements. 
 
 Total membership. 
 Creation of Reserve Fund. 
 
 Total disbursements since inauguration, in 1885, 
 $388,909.74, for disability and death benefits only. 
 
 Membership at end of 1903 was 1,904. 
 
 At the annual meeting held at the close of 1903, the Rail- 
 road Company, through its President, donated $5,000 to 
 the Association to be used as the basis for creating and 
 maintaining a "Reserve Fund." 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company. 
 
 (7,392.03 miles; 32,295 employes.) 
 
 Employes conduct the "Chicago & Northwestern Railway 
 Employes' Mutual Aid Association," organized January 1, 
 1897. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Average membership, 840; employment in the Company's 
 shops at Chicago, 111., being the basis of admission to 
 membership. 
 
80 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Contribution. 
 
 Age limit. 
 
 Railway contribution. 
 
 Sick benefits. 
 
 Death benefit. 
 
 Cumberland Valley Railroad Company. 
 
 (163.15 miles; 1,784 employes.) 
 
 Employes conduct the "Cumberland Valley Railroad 
 Relief Association," established January 1, 1889. 
 
 Uniform contribution of 75 cents per month; deducted 
 on pay-rolls; admission fee, $1.00; extra assessment may be 
 called. 
 
 Maximum age for admission to membership, 50 years. 
 
 Railway assumes expenses of Association, and since its 
 organization has contributed $4,417.96 for operating ex- 
 penses. 
 
 Scale of benefits for accident and sickness, $2.00 for first 
 week and $5.00 thereafter, with maximum disbursement 
 of $100 in any year. 
 
 Death benefit, $300. 
 
 Out-of-service membership. 
 
 Membership in the Association may be retained after 
 leaving the service of the Railroad Company, under pre- 
 scribed conditions. 
 
 Total membership. 
 
 Membership in 1903, 805. 
 
 Date of institution. 
 
 Assessment plan. 
 
 Maine Central Railroad Company. 
 
 (815.83 miles; 4,172 employes.) 
 
 Employes operate the "Maine Central Railroad Relief 
 Association," effective as of December 1, 1887. 
 
 Assessment plan ; Fund deficiencies being met by assess- 
 ment. 
 
 Admission fee and 
 membership dues. 
 
 Admission fee under age 45, $2.00; at age 45 and over, 
 $4.00. Monthly dues under age 45, 50 cents; at age 45 
 and over, $1.00. Ordinarily a per capita assessment of 
 $1.00 is levied upon death of any member, proceeds thereof, 
 
Insurance and Reuef Provision. 
 
 81 
 
 Age limits. 
 Sick benefits. 
 
 Out-of-service membership. 
 
 Total membership. 
 Mortality rate. 
 
 Reserve Fund. 
 
 Total receipts and 
 disbursements. 
 
 Annual receipts and 
 disbursements. 
 
 not exceeding $1,000, being paid to beneficiaries of deceased ; 
 condition of Fund may govern in the levying or omission of 
 assessments. 
 
 Membership minimum and maximum ages, 18 and 50 
 years, respectively. 
 
 No sick benefits for first week; thereafter $6.00 per week 
 for not over 16 weeks for same sickness, and not over 26 
 weeks in any calendar year. 
 
 Title to death benefit may be retained after leaving 
 service of Railroad Company by contributing therefor. 
 
 Membership in 1903, 1,714. 
 
 Average mortality rate per 1,000 members, seven and 
 eleven-thirteenths (1\\)- 
 
 Provision made for maintenance of Reserve Fund of 
 $25,000. 
 
 Total receipts since inauguration, $314,405.32; total 
 disbursements, $286,684.19, including $13,772.69 on account 
 of operating expenses. 
 
 Average annual receipts $19,650.33, and disbursements 
 
 $17,917.76. 
 
 Inter-ofBce associations. 
 
 Clerks' Aid Society. 
 
 Pennsylvania System East of Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 (5,852.44 miles; 117,928 employes.) 
 
 Various inter-office schemes are conducted by the em- 
 ployes, among which may be enumerated the following: 
 
 "Clerks' Aid Society," conducted on the assessment plan, 
 members contributing 50 cents per capita on the death of a 
 member, the entire proceeds of such collection going to 
 proper representatives of deceased. 
 
82 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Penn Yearly Association. 
 
 Local organizations. 
 
 "Penn Yearly Beneficial Association," which provides 
 for sick allowance, payments on death of a member or a 
 member's wife, and pro rata distribution of net profits at 
 end of year. 
 
 A number of purely local organizations are conducted by 
 the employes identified with the various divisions and 
 branches of the Company's lines, also in connection with its 
 affiliated and subsidiary companies. 
 
 Abandoned relief scheme. 
 
 Quincy, Omaha & Kansas City Railway Company. 
 
 (250 miles; 800 employes.) 
 
 The Company formerly undertook the organization and 
 conduct of a relief association for its employes, to provide 
 for them in case of accident, sickness, or death, but as the 
 plan met with opposition among the men, it was finally 
 abandoned in the year 1898. 
 
 Date of institution. 
 
 Compulsory membership. 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Grand Trunk Railway System. 
 
 (4,176 miles; 27,520 employes.) 
 
 Conducts "The Grand Trunk Railway Insurance and 
 Provident Society," for employes on its lines east of Detroit 
 and St. Clair Rivers, same having been established January 
 1, 1889, and including similar merged societies dating back 
 as far as 1884. 
 
 Membership is compulsory for permanent employes who 
 are under 40 years of age at time of entering the service. 
 
 Employes under 18 years of age must join at half the 
 sick allowance rates, receiving half the benefits or sick 
 allowances during illness, and such members may enter 
 any one of the insurance classes, but in that case are subject 
 to and pay the full insurance of their class; upon attaining 
 age 18, they are subject to and pay full sick allowance rates, 
 and are thereafter entitled to full allowances, but may at 
 any time previous, under prescribed conditions, have the 
 option of paying full sick allowance rates and of becoming 
 entitled thereafter to full benefits. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 83 
 
 Sick benefits. 
 
 Sick allowance, after first three days, 50 cents a day, 
 Sundays included, for six months, and at rate of 25 cents 
 a day, including Sundays, for next ensuing six months, and 
 thereafter until Chief Medical Officer of the Company 
 certifies that member is incurable or unfitted for his usual 
 employment, when all further claims on the sick fund 
 cease; but member may continue his subscriptions to the 
 insurance fund for full amount insured for payable after 
 death. 
 
 Commutation of insurance 
 benefit by payment 
 of lump sum. 
 
 Member debarred from sick fund privileges, by reason 
 of duly certified permanent disablement or unfitness for 
 usual employment, may be permitted to commute his 
 insurance for an immediate payment of one-fiftieth of total 
 amount insured, for each completed year of membership 
 in the class or classes in which insured; and the same 
 privilege is extended to any member leaving the Company's 
 service, not being on the sick fund. 
 
 Membership payments. 
 
 Refunds. 
 
 Classification of insurance. 
 
 Basis of insurance 
 participation. 
 
 Temporary employes. 
 
 Each member pays 40 cents a month, except conductors, 
 engineers, etc., who pay 50 cents a month. Where fees 
 produce more than enough to meet current expenses the 
 Committee of Management may reduce them, and also may 
 restore them. 
 
 Insurance is divided into six classes, A, B, C, D, E, and F, 
 the premium in F being 5 cents, with $250 benefit, and that 
 in A being 40 cents, with $2,000 benefit, these being respect- 
 ively minimum and maximum premiums and allowances. 
 
 Every member must join one of the insurance classes, 
 those under 45 years of age having the option of choosing 
 any of the classes, excepting applicants for employment as 
 train brakemen, yardmen, etc., whose insurance is limited 
 to class D, premium 15 cents, with $750 benefit. 
 
 Accident insurance provided for temporary employes. 
 Contribution of two cents a day, or part of a day, actually 
 worked, provides, after first three days, 50 cents a day, 
 including Sundays, for six months, and 25 cents a day for 
 
84 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Table of insurance payable 
 at close of 1903. 
 
 next six months, with payment of $250 to widow or other 
 proper representative in case of death occurring within one 
 year from date of injury. 
 
 Table of Insurance Payable in Each Class. 
 
 Class 
 
 Number 
 insured 
 in each 
 
 class 
 
 Number of 
 deaths and 
 commuted 
 Insurances 
 
 Total of 
 
 assessments 
 
 paid by 
 each class 
 
 Total amount 
 of claims 
 payable in 
 each class 
 
 to 
 
 QJ 
 
 m 
 m 
 <s3 
 
 — o 
 
 o3 © 
 t-O 
 
 S£ 
 2 ?i " 
 
 -jrH 
 
 1 
 
 0) 
 --. 
 
 Ph 
 
 Percentage of 
 
 claims to 
 membership 
 in each class 
 
 Total amount 
 insured in 
 each class 
 
 A_ 
 
 345 
 
 98 
 
 988 
 
 599 
 
 1,436 
 
 7,258 
 
 9 
 2 
 
 14 
 18 
 31 
 92 
 
 $28 40 
 
 21 30 
 
 14 20 
 
 10 65 
 
 7 10 
 
 3 55 
 
 $11,560 00 
 3,000 00 
 12,580 00 
 10,620 00 
 12,830 00 
 20,070 00 
 
 2.60 
 2.04 
 1.42 
 3.00 
 2.15 
 1.26 
 
 $690,000 00 
 
 B 
 
 147,000 00 
 
 C 
 
 988,000 00 
 
 D. 
 
 449,250 00 
 
 E. 
 
 718,000 00 
 
 F 
 
 1,814,500 00 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 10,724 
 
 166 
 
 
 $70,660 00 
 
 1.55 
 
 $4,806,750 00 
 
 
 
 Table of distribution of 
 benefits and insurance 
 claim during 1903. 
 
 Table of Distribution of Benefits and Insurance 
 
 Claims. 
 
 
 to 
 
 o 
 1) 
 09 
 « 
 
 a £ 
 » a 
 
 < 
 
 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 a 
 s 
 
 o 
 
 Insurance Claims Paid 
 
 <1H 
 
 o 
 
 Occupation 
 
 Accidents 
 
 Sickness 
 
 Accidents 
 
 Sickness 
 
 Totals 
 
 is 0> 
 
 
 £ * 
 
 Amount 
 
 g m Amount 
 
 ■2 « 
 
 Amount 
 
 £ 3 
 
 Amount 
 
 £ s 
 
 zu 
 
 Amount 
 
 £ « 
 
 Zo 
 
 Amount 
 
 %3 
 
 <x,t-< 
 
 * 
 
 /onductors, Brake- 
 men and Train 
 Baggagemen 
 
 3nginemen and Fire- 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 
 50 
 40 
 
 1,521 
 
 1,415 
 
 324 
 2.520 
 
 314 
 
 206 
 
 37 
 297 
 242 
 
 10 
 
 14,613 50 
 
 2,228 25 
 
 338 50 
 2,192 75 
 2,664 25 
 
 163 00 
 
 644 
 
 897 
 
 93 
 865 
 759 
 
 108 
 
 85,315 75 
 
 6,799 00 
 
 840 00 
 7,819 00 
 9,172 50 
 
 1,781 00 
 
 958 
 
 1,103 
 
 130 
 1,162 
 1,001 
 
 118 
 
 $9,929 25 
 
 9,027 25 
 
 1,178 50 
 10,011 75 
 11,836 75 
 
 1,944 00 
 
 $6 53 
 
 6 38 
 
 3 64 
 3 97 
 3 55 
 
 2 77 
 
 18 
 
 4 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 8 
 
 2 
 
 7 
 
 $8,750 00 
 
 1,625 00 
 
 2,500 00 
 
 750 00 
 
 3,573 00 
 
 2,750 00 
 3,860 00 
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 2 
 
 14 
 23 
 
 3 
 65 
 
 $4,000 00 
 
 3,250 00 
 
 500 00 
 4,250 00 
 9,750 00 
 
 2,500 00 
 22,800 00 
 
 26 
 10 
 
 4 
 
 17 
 31 
 
 5 
 72 
 
 $12,750 00 
 
 4,875 00 
 
 3,000 00 
 5,000 00 
 13,323 00 
 
 5,250 00 
 26,660 00 
 
 1.70 
 
 .70 
 
 [ardmen, Couplers 
 and Switchmen.. 
 
 1.23 
 .67 
 
 
 40 3J336 
 
 40 701 
 ... 914 
 
 .92 
 
 Station and General 
 Office Staff 
 
 .71 
 
 
 7,87 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 TOTALS 
 
 
 10,731 
 
 1,106 
 
 812,200 25 
 
 3,366 
 
 $31,727 25 
 
 4,472 
 
 843,927 50 
 
 $4 09 
 
 44 
 
 $23,808 00 
 
 121 
 
 $47,050 00 
 
 165 
 
 $70,858 00 
 
 1.53 
 
 
 
 
 Average time per case on Fund during year 1903 = 20 days. 
 " " " " " " " " 1902= 19 " 
 
 " " " " " 1893 = 16 " 
 
 Out-of-service membership. 
 
 Medical attendance. 
 
 Membership in the insurance feature may be retained 
 after leaving service of Company, under prescribed con- 
 ditions. 
 
 Special treatment is confined to the eye, ear, nose, throat, 
 and other special cases, all to be determined by Society 
 medical officers. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 85 
 
 Railway contribution. 
 
 Assessment for deaths. 
 
 Total receipts and 
 disbursements. 
 
 Total membership. 
 
 Mortality. 
 
 Executive Committee may arrange with members in 
 severe cases of injury or sickness to be treated in hospitals. 
 
 Extra medical attendance must be duly authorized by 
 proper officers. 
 
 Railway Company contributes half-yearly, out of its 
 revenue, a sum in aid of the sick benefits and allowances 
 of the Society. 
 
 On death of a member all other members are assessed as 
 many rates of the class in which insured as will in the ag- 
 gregate produce as nearly as may be the amount for which 
 deceased member was insured ; the balance over and above, 
 if any, being carried forward to next ensuing levy. 
 
 Total receipts from January 1, 1885, to end of 1903, 
 $2,840,372.22, and disbursements for same period, $2,940,- 
 106.13. 
 
 Total number of fully insured members December 31, 
 1903, 10,731. In addition to these fully insured members 
 an average number of 5,489 temporary employes were 
 insured against accident only. 
 
 Death rate during 1903 per 1,000 was, accidents, 4.10; 
 sickness, 7.74; total, 11.84. 
 
 Average of ages of deceased members was 45.76. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Intercolonial Railway of Canada. 
 
 (1,342 miles; 5,525 employes.)* 
 
 There is in operation "The Intercolonial Railway Em- 
 ployes' Relief and Insurance Association," organized May 1, 
 1890, providing allowances for accident, sickness, and 
 death. 
 
 Affairs managed by the officers, assisted by a General 
 Executive Committee, the officers and the committee being 
 elected by members. 
 
 * About 4,000 additional employes engaged temporarily during summer season. 
 
86 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Compulsory. 
 
 Basis of membership. 
 
 Temporary employes. 
 
 Female employes. 
 
 Compulsory membership. 
 
 Employes under 50 years of age examined as to family 
 and personal physical history by District Superintendents 
 and other designated officers of Railway Company, and if 
 afterward approved by the Local Executive Committee are 
 admitted to regular membership in lowest class. All other 
 employes are members of the Temporary Employes' Acci- 
 dent Fund. Minimum age of membership 18 years, under 
 which age contribution is made at half rates. Female 
 employes members of the sick and accident feature con- 
 tribute at half rates and receive half benefits. 
 
 Membership payments. 
 
 Membership payments uniform, except that trainmen 
 and enginemen contribute ten cents per month more to the 
 Sick and Accident Fund than other classes of employes: 
 
 Class A. — Trainmen and Enginemen. 50 cents per month. 
 Class B. — Other employes 40 cents per month. 
 
 Death and Total 
 Disability Fund. 
 
 Monthly payments to Death and Total Disability Fund 
 vary according to amount required to pay monthly claims 
 against that fund. 
 
 Temporary employes' 
 payments. 
 
 Members of the Temporary Employes' Accident Fund 
 pay one cent for each day or part of a day in the railway 
 service. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 General Executive Committee may levy special assess- 
 ment to meet deficits in Sick and Accident, Temporary 
 Employes' Accident, and Management Accounts. 
 
 Company contribution. 
 
 The Railway Department makes an annual contribution 
 of $8,000 to the Association, in consideration of which the 
 Association constitution provides that said Department 
 shall be relieved of all claims for compensation for injury 
 or death of any member. 
 
 Collections. 
 
 Contributions deducted on pay-rolls monthly. 
 
Benefit payments to 
 regular members. 
 
 Benefit period. 
 
 Benefit payments to 
 temporary employes. 
 
 No refunds. 
 
 Special and hospital 
 treatment. 
 
 Scale of surgical and 
 medical fees. 
 
 HE 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Sick and accident benefits for regular members are uni- 
 form ; death benefits vary according to class : 
 A. — $3.00 a week and medical attendance. 
 B. — $3.00 a week and surgical attendance. 
 C— Class A, $1,000; B, $500; C, $250— death and 
 total disability benefits. 
 
 Benefit periods: 
 
 A. — Minimum, one week; maximum, 26 weeks in any 
 
 one year. 
 B. — Same as A. 
 
 For temporary employes, not less than one week and for 
 not more than thirteen weeks. 
 
 For accident only, $3.00 a week and surgical attendance. 
 
 In event of death occurring within thirteen weeks, caused 
 by injury, $250.00. 
 
 No claim for refunds upon leaving the service. 
 
 Members are, under prescribed conditions, entitled to spe- 
 cial or hospital treatment at the expense of the Association. 
 
 A scale of surgical and medical fees is provided, which 
 includes the medicines prescribed for the patients and all 
 after-treatment. This includes "Operative Surgery" for 
 amputations, the fees for which range from $5.00 to $30.00 
 "Fractures," for which the fees run from $15.00 to $30.00 
 "Dislocations," with fees varying from $10.00 to $20.00 
 "Consultations," with fee of $5.00 for first and $2.50 for 
 subsequent consultations; "Medical Attendance," within 
 radius of two miles, with medicine, for first week, $3.50, 
 and for each subsequent week, $2.50; attendance, with 
 medicine, for fractions of a week after first week being also 
 at rate of $2.50 per week. 
 
 Day visit within same radius, with medicine.. $1 .00 
 
 Night visit 2.00 
 
 Office consultation, with medicine 70 
 
 Mileage beyond two miles, using private vehicles, 50 cents 
 per mile ; mileage by rail, 25 cents per mile— the mileage one 
 way only to be counted. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Entering higher class. 
 
 Out-of-service membership. 
 
 Interest on bank balances. 
 
 Total receipts. 
 
 Total disbursements. 
 
 Accounting procedure. 
 
 Mortality rate. 
 
 Fund receipts and working capital consist of member- 
 ship contributions and subscriptions by the Railway Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Regular members cannot enter the higher classes after 
 a fixed age. They must also pass a satisfactory medical 
 examination. 
 
 Membership may be retained after leaving service of 
 Company, under prescribed conditions. 
 
 Bank depository allows interest on monthly balances 
 over $2,000. 
 
 Total receipts since inauguration, $718,105.59, made up: 
 
 From membership $624,051.74 
 
 From Company 94,053.85 
 
 Total disbursements since inauguration, $708,224.55, 
 made up: 
 
 Accident and Sickness $355,538.52 
 
 Death, including total disability claims 311,514.32 
 
 $667,052.84 
 Operating expenses 41,171.71 
 
 Separate account "Collections" and "Payments," respect- 
 ively, kept for each member, the latter showing in every 
 case the fund claim is paid from. There is also kept 
 General Cash Book, showing moneys received and deposited 
 in bank, and General Ledger, which shows at any time 
 condition of the several funds. The accounts, including 
 the Bank Pass- Book, audited monthly by an Auditor, who 
 reports to General Executive Committee whenever required. 
 
 Average mortality rate per 1,000 members: 
 
 A. — Death claims, regular and retired mem- 
 bers .. _ 11.38 
 
 B. — Total disability claims, regular and 
 
 retired members.. 3.21 
 
 C. — Temporary employes, death claims 1.21 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 89 
 
 Total membership. 
 
 Total membership between 9,000 and 10,000. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 General features. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Among the railways of the British Isles these insurance 
 organizations are conducted under such general titles as 
 "Accident Fund," "Sick Society," "Sick and Funeral 
 Allowance Fund," "Friendly Society," "Insurance Society," 
 etc. 
 
 The organizations usually receive substantial financial 
 aid from the railways with which they are identified, such 
 contributions being made from railway revenue. 
 
 The principle underlying the operations of the institutions 
 is very similar, and space will permit of but brief mention 
 for each. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Membership obligatory. 
 
 Entrance fee. 
 Contribution. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Furness Railway. 
 
 (117.25 miles; 2,369 employes.) 
 
 Furness Railway Company's Employees' Sick Club and 
 Benefit Society, established in 1855. 
 
 Membership obligatory for all employes receiving 15s. 
 per week or over, and for entrants to the service under 35 
 years of age. 
 
 Entrance fee, Is. 
 
 Contribution uniform, 5+d. per week. Railway Com- 
 pany subscribes to Sick Fund, having contributed £100 
 thereto during year ending December 31, 1903. 
 
 Benefits : Sickness, infirmity, or accident, 10s. per week 
 for first 13 weeks, 5s. per week for next 13 weeks, and 2s. 6d. 
 per week for remaining period of sickness. 
 
 Member's death allowance, £10. 
 
 Allowance on death of member's wife, £5. 
 
90 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Out-membership. 
 
 Member leaving the service, when over 34 years of age, 
 may retain membership rights, by paying 6d. per week in 
 the event of having been a member of the Society for 10 
 
 years. 
 
 Reading rooms, etc. Library, reading, and billiard rooms are conducted in 
 
 connection with the Society. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Mortality. 
 
 Fund deficiencies met by increasing rate of contribution. 
 
 Membership about 1,700. 
 
 Average annual mortality rate per 1,000 members, 14f . 
 
 Table of employes by 
 occupations. 
 
 Table showing numerical strength of employes by occupa- 
 tion, viz.: 
 
 Occupation 
 
 General and other Officers and General Office Clerks.... 
 
 Station Agents (Freight and Passenger) _ 
 
 Enginemen , all trains.. 
 
 Firemen, all trains _ 
 
 Conductors (Freight and Passenger) _ 
 
 Other Trainmen. _ _ 
 
 Machinists. _ 
 
 Carpenters and other Shopmen _ 
 
 Section Foremen, other Trackmen, Switchmen, and 
 
 Flagmen.. 
 
 Watchmen _ _ 
 
 All other employes and laborers.. 
 
 TotaL.. 
 
 Great Central Railway. 
 
 (468 miles; 20,181 employes.) 
 
 Number 
 Employes 
 
 141 
 
 650 
 
 107 
 
 113 
 
 65 
 
 52 
 
 68 
 
 477 
 
 285 
 
 9 
 
 402 
 
 2,369 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Great Central Railway Mutual Provident Society, origi- 
 nally established July 1, 1866, and put in effect on basis of 
 re-establishment July 1, 1872. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 91 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Provides for sickness arising from accident or natural 
 causes, medical attendance for members, their wives and 
 children under 14 years of age, for assurance of small sums 
 upon death of member or his wife, and old-age allowance. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Membership compulsory for all servants permanently 
 employed in passenger and goods departments, except 
 clerks and station agents, and for firemen in the locomotive 
 department; others may join voluntarily. 
 
 Entrance fee. 
 
 Minimum entrance fee of Is. Od., and maximum 5s. Od. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Members receiving wages of less than 14s. Od. per week, 
 known as half members, contribute at rate of 4d. per 
 week; those receiving 14s. Od. per week and over con- 
 tribute according to age — namely, under age 25, 8d. per 
 week; between ages 25 and 30, 9d. per week; and between 
 ages 30 and 35, lOd. per week. 
 
 Benefit allowances. 
 
 Allowances for sickness are as follows: 
 
 
 Full Members Half Members 
 
 l6t 6 months 
 
 14s. Od. 
 8s. Od. 
 8s. Od. 
 3s. Od. 
 
 7s. Od. per week. 
 4s. Od. per week. 
 4s. Od. per week. 
 Is. 6d. per week. 
 
 2nd 6 months 
 
 3rd 6 months 
 
 Remainder of illness 
 
 Pension allowance of 3s. Od. per week at 70 years of age. 
 
 Funeral allowances: On death of full member ,£12, 
 half-member £6, and member's wife ,£10. 
 
 Accident Society provides further allowances to men 
 injured on duty and to their representatives if killed. 
 
 Surgical appliances supplied by Society to total value of 
 £2 2s. Od. 
 
 Out-of-service membership. 
 
 Members of seven years' standing privileged to retain 
 membership after leaving Company's service by payment 
 of an additional Id. per week. 
 
92 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Company. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Age limit. 
 
 Receipts and disbursements. 
 
 Lapses. 
 
 Mortality. 
 Number members. 
 
 Company subscribes 1\ per centum of members' sub- 
 scriptions, and also provides office accommodation, clerk- 
 age, and facilities for collecting contributions and dis- 
 tributing sick pay. 
 
 Fund deficiencies met by readjustment of contributions 
 and benefits. 
 
 All entrants must be under 35 years of age. 
 
 Total receipts since inauguration, ,£338,594. 
 Average annual receipts, ,£10,664. 
 Total disbursements since inauguration, ,£325,266. 
 Average annual disbursements, .£10,245. 
 
 Lapses from resignation since inauguration, 9,758, or an 
 annual average of 307; from dismissals, 2,403, or an annual 
 average of 76. 
 
 Average annual mortality rate per 1,000 members, 9. 
 
 Present total membership, July 1, 1904, 11,267. 
 
 Station Agents and Clerks. 589 
 
 Porters 1,560 
 
 Inspectors „ 260 
 
 Signalmen, etc.. 1 ,552 
 
 Shunters _ 1,001 
 
 Guards 971 
 
 Foremen 240 
 
 Vanmen, etc 291 
 
 Checkers. 325 
 
 Locomotive workmen. 400 
 
 Enginemen, etc.. 1 ,964 
 
 Miscellaneous- 1,340 
 
 Non-resident members 723 
 
 Pensioners 51 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Great Eastern Railway. 
 
 (1,182.5 miles.) 
 
 Great Eastern Railway Accident Fund, established July 1, 
 1898. Operated as a distinct department of the Company, 
 embracing servants, or those paid "wages." 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 93 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Fund established to secure to members, or to their repre- 
 sentatives or dependents, allowances in lieu of all payments 
 to which they would or might by law otherwise become 
 entitled by virtue of provisions of Employers' Liability 
 Act, 1S80, the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1897, or 
 otherwise in respect of personal injury arising out of and in 
 the course of their employment in the service. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 The contributions payable to the Fund are as follows: 
 1 . — By each member one penny per week, to be deducted 
 from his wages (a broken part of a week to count as a whole 
 week). 
 
 2. — By the Company out of its own revenues: 
 
 1 . — A sum equal to one-half of amount of sums annually 
 paid to Fund by members, and in addition follow- 
 ing amounts: 
 2. — Full amount payable under clause (a), set forth 
 
 below, in case of death. 
 8. — Full amount payable under clauses (6), (c), and (d), 
 set forth below, in case of loss of eyesight, eye or 
 limb, or limbs. 
 
 4- — In case of incapacity lasting more than two weeks 
 a sum per week equal to half wages, not exceeding 
 in any case one pound, commencing with the third 
 week of incapacity, but for a period not exceeding 
 six months from date of injury. 
 
 5. — Company also provides accommodation for meet- 
 ings of the Managing Committee, and defrays the 
 cost of stationery, printing, postage, and clerical 
 aid required for Fund purposes. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Allowances paid out of Fund are as follows : 
 
 a. — In case of death of member, where member leaves 
 dependents wholly dependent upon his earnings, 
 a sum equal to his earnings in the employment of 
 the Company during the three years next preceding 
 the injury; if such employment period has been 
 
94 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 less than three years, then a sum equal to 156 times 
 his average weekly earnings during the period of 
 actual employment; or in either case the sum of 
 ,£150, whichever of those sums is the larger, 
 but not exceeding in any case .£300, provided 
 that the amount of any weekly payments made to 
 the member under clause (e) below shall be deducted 
 from such sum. Where member dies leaving no 
 full dependents, but such as are partly dependent, 
 a sum not exceeding amount payable under fore- 
 going provision, as may be agreed upon, or, in 
 default of agreement, determined by Fund Com- 
 mittee. 
 
 b. — In case of total loss of eyesight from such injury, 
 an amount equal to that payable in case of death. 
 
 c. — In case of loss of both legs or both arms, or an arm 
 and a leg, from such injury, an amount equal to 
 that payable in case of death. 
 
 d. — In case of loss of a leg from such injury, an amount 
 equal to three-fourths, and in case of loss of an 
 arm or an eye, an amount equal to one-half of sum 
 payable in case of death. 
 
 e. — In case of disablement other than aforesaid through 
 such injury, there is paid to member so long as such 
 disablement continues, commencing from date of 
 injury, but not for longer than six months, weekly 
 sum of ,£1, provided that maximum allow- 
 ance from fund during disablement shall not 
 be higher than one-half his earnings during the 
 fourteen days next previous to the injury. For 
 the second six months, a weekly allowance equal to 
 one-half that of first six months. After expiration 
 of twelve months from date of injury there is paid 
 a lump sum to be determined by Managing Com- 
 mittee, but not to exceed one-half the amount pay- 
 able in case of death. 
 
 Custody of fund money. The moneys of the Fund remain in the hands of the 
 
 Railway Company for the purposes of the Fund. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 95 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Participants. 
 
 Contributions and benefits 
 
 Great Northern Railway. 
 
 (939 miles.) 
 
 Great Northern Railway Locomotive Sick Society, 
 established in August, 1850 ; amalgamated 1853 ; enrolled 
 May 4, 1857. 
 
 Consists of employes of Locomotive Department, between 
 ages of 18 and 40 years. 
 
 Table of Contributions and Benefits. 
 
 
 
 Benefits Receivable by Members 
 
 Members 
 
 Weekly Allowance in Sickness 
 
 Sums Payable on the 
 death of a 
 
 Entrance Fee 
 
 Monthly 
 Contributions 
 
 For 26 
 weeks 
 
 For 13 
 weeks 
 
 For 13 
 weeks 
 
 For remain- 
 der of 
 sickness 
 
 Member 
 
 Member's 
 Wife 
 
 From s. d. 
 
 18 to 25 5 
 
 25 to 30 7 6 
 
 30 to 35 10 
 
 35 to 43 15 
 
 Under 30 years 
 
 of age, 2s. 
 Over 30 years 
 
 of age, 2s. 4d. 
 
 s. d. 
 10 
 
 , d. 
 
 7 6 
 
 , a. 
 
 5 
 
 s. d. 
 3 
 
 £ s. d. 
 10 
 
 £ s. d. 
 6 
 
 Special grant for 
 permanent incapacitation. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursement. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Member losing a limb, or otherwise becoming disabled 
 by accident, and rendered permanently unable to follow 
 his trade or occupation in Company's service, is, under 
 prescribed conditions, entitled to grant of ,£100, to be 
 paid from a separate fund, called the levy fund, to be raised 
 by a levy of 5d. per member, made on all members save 
 those on permanent sick pay; and after receiving grant 
 such member will not receive more than 3s. 6d. per week for 
 illness the result of the accident for which he has received a 
 grant, but for any other illness will be paid in accordance 
 with foregoing table ; and no member will receive more than 
 one grant from the Society. 
 
 Receipts, from all sources, during year ending December 
 31, 1903, amounted to £16,061 14s. lid. 
 
 Disbursement, for all expenses, during year ending 
 December 31, 1903, amounted to £15,902 9s. 7d. 
 
 Total membership, December 31, 1903, 9,619. 
 
96 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursement. 
 
 Railway contribution. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Great Northern Railway Sick and Funeral Allowance 
 Fund, established August 2, 1853. 
 
 Contributions based on weekly wages, and deducted on 
 pay-rolls. 
 
 Sick allowance: First 26 weeks, full allowance; second 
 26 weeks at half pay ; and subsequently at sick quarter pay 
 for not exceeding a third period of 52 weeks, after which 
 claim upon Fund ceases; but a member receiving sick pay 
 for two years, who shall on expiration of that period have 
 contributed to Fund for a period of not less than seven 
 years, may, by payment of 2d. per week quarterly in advance, 
 be entitled to funeral allowance. 
 
 Funeral allowance, with a maximum of £20 on death of 
 a member, and £7 on death of a member's wife in his lifetime. 
 
 Receipts, from all sources, during year ending December 
 31, 1902, amounted to £13,568 6s. 2d. 
 
 Disbursement, for all expenses, during year ending 
 December 31, 1902, amounted to £11,934 3s. lOd. 
 
 The Railway Company makes contribution to the Fund, 
 having subscribed £500 in 1902. 
 
 Total membership, December 31, 1902, 6,704 men and 
 1,064 lads. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Participants. 
 
 Age limit. 
 Financing. 
 
 Great Western Railway. 
 
 (2,711 miles; 64,699 employes.) 
 
 Great Western Railway Provident Society, a Friendly 
 Society, organized in 1838, re-instituted in 1880, and 
 registered under Friendly Societies Act, 1896. 
 
 Membership obligatory. Restricted to traffic uniform 
 staff — inspectors, guards, porters, signalmen — employed in 
 Traffic or Goods Departments. 
 
 Age limit, 18 to 30 years. 
 
 Contributions graded according to age: From 18 to 25, 
 7d. per week; from 25 to^30, 8d. per week. Railway makes 
 an annual grant of £1,000. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 97 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Uniform benefits: 12s. for first 26 weeks, 6s. for next 
 26 weeks, and 4s. for rest of sickness. Funeral benefit 
 allowance, for member, ,£10, and for member's wife, £5. 
 
 "Non-resident." 
 
 Where member leaves Company's service society status 
 may be retained on basis of "non-resident" membership. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Average annual receipts about £17,055; disbursements 
 about £13,254. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Total membership, 15,919, or about 25 per centum of 
 total working force. 
 
 Hull, Barnsley & West Riding Junction Railway and Dock 
 Company. 
 
 (87 miles; 2,689 employes.) 
 
 Regular insurance. 
 
 The Railway Company conducts no regularly defined 
 insurance or relief undertaking on account of its employes, 
 but the members of the staff are permitted to act as agents 
 for the Provident Clerks and General Mutual Life Assurance 
 Society, and the Provident Clerks and General Accident 
 Insurance Company, Limited ; the premiums being deducted 
 from salaries and paid by the Railway Company to the 
 Insurance Companies. 
 
 Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway. 
 
 (571.5 miles; 35,250 employes.) 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Insurance Society, 
 established about 1854. 
 
 Objects of Society are to administer pecuniary aid in 
 case of temporary disablement, also in case of death arising 
 from any cause. 
 
98 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Participants. 
 
 Membership obligatory for employes in Company's 
 workshops or on the line, or upon or in connection with 
 trains (both goods and passenger), and optional with 
 Superintendents and Permanent-way Inspectors on the 
 salaried list, Goods Agents, Station Masters, Clerks-in- 
 Charge, and Clerks. 
 
 Maximum age limit for admission to Society, 40 years. 
 
 Every servant admitted to the Society must continue a 
 contributing member so long as he remains in employ of 
 Company. 
 
 Medical examination not required to secure admission to 
 membership. 
 
 Contributions and 
 benefits. 
 
 Tables of Contributions and Benefits. 
 
 Rates of contribution and benefit allowances for the 
 three classes of members are given in the three scales given 
 below, being respectively "A," "B," and "C": 
 
 SCALE A — TEMPORARY DISABLEMENT. 
 
 
 Occupation 
 
 OQ 
 
 a 
 
 S 
 
 CU 
 
 M 
 
 o> 
 a 
 
 is 
 
 Weekly allowance in case of Temporary Disablement by Accident 
 whilst in the discharge of duty, the same being professionally certi- 
 fied in such manner as may be required by the Committee, and 
 subject to the provisions of rules. 
 
 
 DURING FIRST TWO WEEKS OF DISABLEMENT 
 
 During 
 continu- 
 ance of 
 disable- 
 ment, not 
 exceeding 
 50 weeks 
 
 0] 
 
 5 
 
 Not 
 exceeding 
 6 Months 
 Member- 
 ship 
 
 Over 
 6 Months 
 and not 
 exceeding 
 12 Months 
 Member- 
 ship 
 
 Over 
 12 Months 
 
 and not 
 exceeding 
 18 Months 
 Member- 
 ship 
 
 Over 
 18 Months 
 
 and not 
 exceeding 
 2 Years 
 Member- 
 ship 
 
 Over 
 2 Years 
 Member- 
 ship. 
 
 1st 
 2nd 
 
 Engine Drivers must join" 
 this class, and all other 
 employes in receipt of 
 21s. per week and up- 
 wards can do so at their 
 L option 
 
 ' Goods Guards and Firemen") 
 must join this class, and | 
 all other employes in re- 1 
 ceipt of 17s. and under f 
 21s. per week can do so 
 
 s. d. 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 s. d. 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 s. d. 
 14 
 
 10 6 
 
 7 
 
 s. d. 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 s. d. 
 18 
 
 13 6 
 
 9 
 
 s. d. 
 20 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 s. d. 
 7 
 
 5 3 
 
 3rd 
 
 f Employes whose wages are"! 
 
 less than 17s. per week 1 
 J and not members of the 1 
 
 1st or 2nd class grades, | 
 I must be members of this 
 I class J 
 
 3 6 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 99 
 
 SCALE B — TEMPORARY DISABLEMENT. 
 
 Applicable only to cases not coming under the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1897. 
 
 
 
 DO 
 
 "S 
 
 B 
 
 E 
 >> 
 
 eo 
 Ph 
 
 3 
 
 CI 
 
 Weekly allowance in case of Temporary Disablement by Accident 
 whilst in the discharge of duty, the same being professionally certi- 
 fied in such manner as may be required by the Committee, and 
 subject to the provisions of rules. 
 
 00 
 
 00 
 
 
 
 Not 
 
 exceeding 
 
 6 Months 
 
 service 
 
 Over 
 6 Months 
 
 and not 
 exceeding 
 12 Months 
 
 service 
 
 Over 
 12 Months 
 
 and not 
 exceeding 
 18 Months 
 
 service 
 
 Over 
 
 18 Months 
 and not 
 
 exceeding 
 2 Years 
 service 
 
 Over 
 2 Years 
 service 
 
 1st 1) f 
 2nd: > During First 26 weeks < 
 3rd j ( 
 
 lrtK f 
 2nd ' VDuring Second 26 weeks. ...< 
 3rd J ( 
 
 s. d. 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 
 s. d. 
 
 12 
 9 
 6 
 
 6 
 4 6 
 3 
 
 s. d. 
 
 14 
 10 6 
 
 7 
 
 7 
 5 3 
 3 6 
 
 s. d. 
 
 16 
 
 12 
 
 8 
 
 8 
 6 
 4 
 
 s. d. 
 
 18 
 
 13 6 
 
 9 
 
 9 
 6 9 
 4 6 
 
 s. d. 
 
 20 
 15 
 10 
 
 10 
 7 6 
 5 
 
 SCALE C — DEATH ALLOWANCE. 
 
 
 Occupation 
 
 00 
 
 a 
 
 09 
 
 a 
 
 >> 
 
 OS 
 
 Ph 
 j*, 
 
 3 
 s> 
 o 
 
 Sum insured in case of Death from any cause, the 
 deceased being a member of the Society at the 
 time of his death, and having been a member dur- 
 ing the Six Months immediately preceding such 
 time of death. 
 
 In case of 
 been ins 
 have dis 
 itable gr 
 thirds of 
 due had 
 period ol 
 
 DO 
 
 03 
 
 Not less than 
 
 6 Months 
 
 and not 
 
 exceeding 
 
 12 Months 
 
 service 
 
 Over 
 12 Months 
 
 and not 
 exceeding 
 18 Months 
 
 service 
 
 Over 
 
 18 Months 
 and not 
 
 exceeding 
 2 Years 
 service 
 
 Over 
 2 Years 
 service 
 
 Death, where 
 ured Six Mor 
 cretionary po 
 ant of a sum 
 the amount w 
 the Member 
 Six Months. 
 
 lot 
 
 
 s. d. 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 £ s. d. 
 12 
 
 9 10 
 
 7 
 
 £ s. d. 
 14 
 
 11 
 
 8 
 
 £ s. d. 
 16 
 
 12 10 
 
 9 
 
 £ s. d. 
 18 
 
 14 
 
 10 
 
 a Member has not 
 ths, the Committee 
 wer to make a char- 
 
 not exceeding two- 
 lich would have been 
 
 been insured for a 
 
 ?nd 
 
 
 3rd 
 
 
 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 When Society funds are found to be insufficient to dis- 
 charge current claims and expenses, levy may be made, not 
 to exceed two additional weekly contributions according 
 to scale (members in receipt of less than 10s. per week 
 excepted), during a period of six months. 
 
 Allowance when retired 
 or dismissed for infirmity, 
 under and over age 60. 
 
 In case of retirement or dismissal from service, under 60 
 years of age, through ill health arising from natural causes, 
 or result of accident incurred on or off duty, Society, in 
 
100 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 event of death, pays death allowance according to Scale C, 
 subject to existing rule, provided such member has during 
 incapacity contributed one-fourth of annual premium he 
 was paying prior to becoming incapacitated; otherwise, in 
 event of recovering and being able to follow employment 
 other than in Company's service, and in case he has been a 
 contributing member for 25 years, he may be paid an amount 
 equal to one-half the death allowance provided for his class 
 in Scale C, and thereupon have no further claim on the 
 Society. 
 
 In case of member 60 years of age and over, who has been 
 a contributing member for 20 years, there is paid an amount 
 equal to two-thirds of the death allowance provided for 
 his class in Scale C. 
 
 Mortality rate. 
 Total membership. 
 
 Average mortality rate per 1,000 members, 10. 
 
 Total membership at end of 1903, 31,716, or about 90 
 per centum of entire working force. 
 
 Distribution of employes by occupations: 
 
 Occupation 
 
 Employes by occupations. 
 
 General Officers 
 
 Other Officers.. 
 
 General Office Clerks 
 
 Station Agents (Freight and Passenger) 
 
 Other Stationmen_ 
 
 Enginemen, all trains 
 
 Firemen, all trains 
 
 Conductors, all trains. 
 
 Other Trainmen. 
 
 Machinists, Carpenters ._. 
 
 Other Shopmen, Section Foremen. 
 
 Other Trackmen. 
 
 Switchmen, Flagmen. 
 
 Watchmen 
 
 Telegraph Operators and Dispatchers 
 
 Employes account of Floating Equipment. 
 
 Clerks at stations. • 
 
 Permanent-way Men 
 
 All other employes and laborers 
 
 Total 
 
 Number 
 
 24 
 26 
 
 932 
 
 258 
 3,749 
 1,014 
 1,155 
 2,788 
 3,599 
 4,168 
 4,570 
 2,489 
 
 745 
 96 
 
 618 
 2,489 
 3,020 
 2,257 
 1,253 
 
 35,250 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 101 
 
 Receipts 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Total receipts since January 1, 1873, £363,074; average 
 annual receipts, £11,712. 
 
 Total disbursements since January 1, 1873, £343,113; 
 average annual disbursements, £11,066. 
 
 Participants. 
 
 All employes under 40 years of age required to join. 
 
 London & North Western Railway. 
 
 (1,945* miles; 82,835 employes.; 
 
 Societies discussed. 
 
 The following insurance organizations will be discussed 
 herein, and in the order indicated : 
 
 a. — London & North Western Railway Insurance 
 Society. 
 
 b. — Locomotive Works Insurance Society. 
 
 c. — Locomotive Running Department Insurance So- 
 ciety. 
 
 a. — London & North Western Railway Insurance 
 Society. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Established October 1, 1871; reorganized January 1, 
 1881; and reorganized July 1, 1898. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Objects are: 
 
 a. — To provide, by members' contributions assisted 
 by a small annual contribution by the Company, 
 an allowance for temporary and permanent 
 disablement, and death from accident on duty, 
 and a smaller allowance on death from other 
 causes. 
 
102 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 b. — Reorganized January 1, 1881, to provide, by a 
 much larger contribution from the Company 
 (equal to five-sixths of the members' contribu- 
 tions), increased allowances for disablement and 
 death from accident on duty, being a mutual 
 arrangement by which the Company contracted 
 out of the Employers' Liability Act, then enacted 
 by Parliament. 
 
 c. — Reorganized July 1, 1898, on Workmen's Compen- 
 sation Act going into operation, to provide, from 
 the members' own contributions only, allowances 
 in cases of disablement and death from accident 
 on duty, to supplement the compensation pay- 
 able by the Company under the act, the allow- 
 ance payable at death from other causes being 
 also retained, and the mutual arrangement 
 between the members and the Company under 
 clause "b" hereof ceasing. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Membership is voluntary, but is restricted to the regular 
 weekly wages staff (the men in the locomotive works and 
 running department, who have similar societies of their 
 own — hereinafter discussed — not being eligible), and extra 
 and temporary staff of not less than six months' service. 
 
 Admission features. N me dical examination for purposes of admission. 
 
 Every servant on becoming eligible is invited to join. If 
 he elects to do so, he becomes a member forthwith on signing 
 the necessary declaration form; otherwise his decision not 
 to do so is recorded. 
 
 Membership classification. 
 
 Membership class is governed by rate of pay, there being 
 three classes: 
 
 Under 12s. per week. 3rd class. 
 
 12s. and under 21s. per week 2nd class. 
 
 21s. per week and upwards 2nd or 1st class — optional. 
 
Insurance and Reuef Provision. 
 
 103 
 
 Scale of contributions and Membership weekly contributions fixed according to 
 
 class, as per following scale of contributions and benefits. 
 
 a 
 U 
 
 Occupation 
 
 Weekly 
 Payments 
 
 Weekly allowance in case of 
 temporary disablement by 
 accident while in discharge 
 of duty and in Company's 
 service, the same being 
 professionally certified as 
 may be required by Com- 
 mittee 
 
 Sum insured 
 in case of 
 death from 
 cause other 
 than acci- 
 dent on 
 duty 
 
 Allowance to be paid 
 a member perma- 
 nently disabled for 
 work owing to ac- 
 cident in discharge 
 of duty in the serv- 
 ice, or to repre- 
 sentatives in event 
 of his death from 
 such cause, in 
 
 
 During first 
 two weeks 
 of disable- 
 ment 
 
 Thereafter 
 not exceed- 
 i n g fifty 
 weeks 
 
 which Company is 
 not liable under 
 Workmen's Com- 
 pensation Act, or 
 is only liable up to 
 sum o'f £io 
 
 1st... 
 
 Members in receipt of 
 wages 21s. per week 
 or over.. 
 
 0s. 3d. 
 0s. 2d. 
 0s. Id. 
 
 24s. 0d. 
 
 16s. Od. 
 
 8s. Od. 
 
 12s. Od. 
 
 8s. Od. 
 4s. Od. 
 
 £15 0s. Od. 
 
 £10 0s. Od. 
 
 £5 0s. Od. 
 
 £60 0s Od 
 
 2nd.. 
 
 Members in receipt of 
 wages 12s. per week 
 or over.. 
 
 £40 0s. Od 
 
 3rd., 
 
 Boys and persons 
 whose wages are un- 
 der 12s. per week. 
 
 £20 0s. Od. 
 
 No extra assessments are made. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Investments. 
 
 Special levy. 
 
 Total receipts. 
 
 Receipts are entirely made up of members' contributions, 
 and interest on accumulated fund. Society receives no 
 outside assistance. 
 
 Railway Company holds whole of Society balance, 
 allowing interest thereon at rate of 4 per centum per annum. 
 The Trustees, however, with consent of Committee of 
 Management, may invest Society's money in the public 
 funds, or debenture stock or guaranteed preference stock 
 of any railway company in the United Kingdom paying a 
 dividend on ordinary capital. 
 
 Under the rules, the Committee may make a levy not 
 exceeding two additional weekly contributions, according to 
 scale, during a period of three months ; and provision is also 
 made for rearrangement of scale of payments and benefits 
 on report of actuary; these provisions have not, however, 
 been put in force. 
 
 Total receipts since inauguration (reorganization), 
 .£120,489. 
 
104 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Average annual receipts, ,£24,098, made up: 
 
 Accident ,£23,166 
 
 Other sources..... 932 
 
 £24,098 
 
 Total disbursements since inauguration, £107,360. 
 
 Average annual disbursements, £21,471, made up: 
 
 Accident _ £15,071 
 
 Death (other than accident on duty) 4,296 
 
 £19,367 
 
 Operating expenses... 2,093 
 
 Other expenses 1 1 
 
 £21,471 
 
 Sick benefits are not provided. 
 
 Mortality rate, 8.115 per 1,000 members. 
 
 Total membership, 49,680, or 60 per centum of total 
 working force. 
 
 Annual receipts. 
 
 Total disbursements. 
 Annual disbursements. 
 
 No sick benefits. 
 Mortality rate. 
 Number members. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Object. 
 
 Basis of 2-week benefit 
 period. 
 
 b. — London & North Western Railway Locomotive 
 Works Insurance Society. 
 
 Established July 1, 1898, headquarters being at Engine 
 Works, Crewe, England. 
 
 Object is to provide pecuniary relief for members in cases 
 of temporary disablement, for a period of two weeks, arising 
 from accident, howsoever caused, while on duty, and also 
 in all cases of death, except from accident while on duty. 
 
 Limitation of payment of temporary disablement allow- 
 ance to two weeks is consequent upon the men afterwards 
 becoming entitled to compensation under the provisions 
 of the Workmen's Compensation Act, 1897, on the expiration 
 of a fortnight from date of accident. 
 

 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 105 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Age limit. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Reserve Fund. 
 
 Company attitude. 
 
 Out-membership. 
 
 Three classes of members, all of whom are on admission 
 persons employed by the Railway Company in its locomotive 
 engine and general manufacture works, or employed by 
 contractors or piecemasters working in, or in connection 
 with, those works. 
 
 No person admitted into Society whose age exceeds 40 
 years. 
 
 Funds necessary to meet the objects of the Society are 
 secured by calls made upon the members at such times as 
 the Committee of Management may determine, the calls 
 and benefits being in accordance with the following scale : 
 
 Class 
 
 Qualification 
 
 Amount of each call 
 
 Weekly allowance in 
 case of temporary 
 disablement by 
 accident met with 
 while in the dis- 
 charge of duty for 
 a period not exceed- 
 ing two weeks 
 
 Payment in case of 
 death from ali 
 causes except from 
 accident while on 
 duty 
 
 1st 
 
 Persons rated at 26s. per 
 week and above. 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 4 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 £ s. d. 
 10 
 
 2nd.... 
 
 Persons rated from 16s. 
 to 26s. per week 
 
 7 10 
 
 3rd 
 
 Persons rated under 16s. 
 per week 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 
 Reserve Fund, to meet Society requirements (maximum 
 amount of which is fixed from time to time by members' 
 delegates in general meeting), is formed by sums set aside 
 out of amounts realized from time to time by membership 
 calls, the amount to be thus set aside being determined by 
 Committee of Management. 
 
 Railway Company makes no contribution to funds, but 
 simply collects calls as desired from time to time through 
 weekly wages bills, and pays such amounts into bank to the 
 credit of the account of the Society. 
 
 Where member upon being transferred to another 
 department of service is too old to join the insurance society 
 connected therewith, he is allowed to retain his membership 
 in the Works Insurance Society, provided he makes applica- 
 tion immediately the transfer has been effected. 
 
106 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 Average age. 
 
 Span of life. 
 Number members. 
 
 Where member is retired on pension, he may, by continu- 
 ing to pay until death the Society calls, secure to his repre- 
 sentatives at death the natural death allowance according 
 to foregoing scale. 
 
 Five calls made on members during year ending June 30, 
 1903, from which were realized ,£1,381 12s. Od. Total 
 receipts during the year — arising from calls, interest on 
 cash in bank, and fines and forfeitures — amounted to 
 £1,384 14s. lid. 
 
 Total disbursements during year ending June 30, 1903, 
 about £1,382, for claims allowed and expenses. 
 
 Average age of 84 members whose death occurred during 
 above period was 51 £ years. 
 
 Average span of life in the United Kingdom, 41 £ years. 
 
 Total membership June 30, 1903, 7,731. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Objects. 
 
 c. — London & North Western Railway Insurance 
 Society (Running Department). 
 
 Established about 1867. 
 
 Objects are payment of pecuniary relief in cases of 
 disablement while on duty during the first fortnight after 
 the accident, not provided for by Workmen's Compensation 
 Act, 1897; in cases of permanent disablement by accident 
 when on duty; and at death from accident when on duty 
 and from natural causes. 
 
 Membership classification. 
 
 Society membership is divided into three classes, viz.: 
 
 No. 1. — Consisting of Drivers and Assistant Foremen. 
 No. 2. — Consisting of Firemen and Steam Shed 
 
 Mechanics. 
 No. 3. — Consisting of Cleaners, Laborers, etc. 
 

 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 107 
 
 Changing classes. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Scale of calls and benefits. 
 
 Admission age. 
 
 Age for class change. 
 Company attitude. 
 
 Investments. 
 
 Member in No. 2 class can join No. 1 class, and member 
 in No. 3 class can join No. 2 class, by paying the increased 
 subscription for the respective classes, and will thereby be 
 entitled to receive benefits accruing from the Insurance 
 Society according to the class to which contribution is made. 
 
 Funds are secured by calls made from time to time by 
 Committee of Management upon the members, when the 
 Contingent Fund is reduced to £2,000, but in no case is 
 more than one call made in any one week. 
 
 There is given next below a scale of calls and benefits 
 of the Society: 
 
 Class 
 
 Calls 
 
 Occupation 
 
 Insurance Payments 
 
 
 s. d. 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 
 Drivers 
 
 50 01 Permanent die- 
 
 2 
 
 Firemen, etc 
 
 32 10 [ ablement. 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Cleaners, etc... 
 
 16 5 J Death benefits. 
 
 f Amount payable to 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 Firemen, etc... 
 
 50 Firemen in 1st 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 Cleaners, etc.. 
 Weekly Payments. 
 
 32 10 | and Cleaners in 
 L 2nd class. 
 
 f For temporary or permanent 
 disablement allowance for 
 
 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 first two weeks from date of 
 | accident on duty, not pro- 
 
 2 
 
 8 
 
 14 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 7 
 
 vided for by Workmen's 
 [ Compensation Act, 1897. 
 
 
 
 
 Thirty-five years is maximum membership admission age, 
 and no person after being in the service of Company six 
 months can be admitted to membership without physician's 
 health certificate. 
 
 No member allowed to change his class after age 35. 
 
 Railway Company sustains same relation to the Society 
 as in the case of the Locomotive Works Insurance Society 
 {vide supra). 
 
 Society funds are invested in the London & North 
 Western Railway Savings Bank {vide infra). 
 
108 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Disability allowance at 
 age 60. 
 
 Member who, through defective eyesight or hearing, or 
 is unable to follow, or retires from, his usual employment, 
 after attaining 60 years of age, and having contributed 20 
 years to Class 1, 2, or 3, also providing he has not received 
 any part payment, is granted the sum of .£30, ,£20, or ,£10, 
 according to class, in the order named, and as a payment on 
 account of natural death allowance. 
 
 Disability allowance after 
 10 years' membership. 
 
 Member of 10 years' standing, who becomes totally 
 incapacitated by natural causes for a period of two years, 
 can obtain, on production of two medical certificates, a pay- 
 ment of ,£25, ,£17, or £9, according to class, on account of 
 natural death allowance. 
 
 Retention of membership 
 after leaving service. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Deficit. 
 
 Contingent Fund. 
 
 Member of not less than 10 years' standing may continue 
 his membership in the Society, upon leaving service or upon 
 transfer to another branch of Locomotive Department, by 
 keeping up regular contributions therefor. 
 
 Receipts for year ending December 31, 1903, about 
 £6,580. 
 
 Disbursements for year ending December 31, 1903, about 
 
 £6,898. 
 
 Deficit for 1903, £318, covered by surplus of income and 
 expenditure account as of January 1, 1903, amounting to 
 £2,157. 
 
 Requisite Contingent Fund, kept in bank, was maintained 
 at minimum of £2,000 during the year, the balance at the 
 end of 1903 standing at £2,126 2s. 9d. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Total membership at end of 1903 was 11,490, with 
 following distribution by classes: 
 
 1st class 5,215 
 
 2nd class 2,443 
 
 3rd class 3,832 
 
 11,490 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 109 
 
 Following is table showing the numerical strength of 
 employes of the Company, by occupations, at close of 1903: 
 
 Table of employes, by 
 occupations. 
 
 Occupation 
 
 Principal Officers 
 
 Brakesmen 
 
 Capstanmen. 
 
 Capstanlads 
 
 Carmen — Adult 
 
 Carmen — Junior, i. e., Vanguards, etc 
 
 Carriage Cleaners — Adult 
 
 Carriage Cleaners — Junior. 
 
 Carriage and Wagon Examiners 
 
 Checkers — Adult.. 
 
 Checkers — Junior. 
 
 Checkers, Chain Boys and Slippers — Adult.. 
 Checkers, Chain Boys and Slippers — Junior. 
 
 Clerks— Adult. 
 
 Clerks — Junior 
 
 Engine Cleaners — Adult 
 
 Engine Cleaners — Junior.. 
 
 Engine Drivers. 
 
 Firemen 
 
 Gatekeepers.. 
 
 Greasers — Adult. 
 
 Greasers — Junior.. _ 
 
 Guards (Passenger) 
 
 Horsedri vers (Shunting) 
 
 Inspectors (Permanent Way) 
 
 Inspectors (Others) 
 
 Laborers — Adult 
 
 Laborers — Junior. 
 
 Lampmen.. 
 
 Lamplads.. 
 
 Loaders and Sheeters.. 
 
 Mechanics — Adult. 
 
 Mechanics — Junior 
 
 Messengers — Adult— 
 
 Messengers — Junior 
 
 Number Takers — Adult.. 
 
 Number Takers — Junior. 
 
 Permanent Way Men.. 
 
 Pointsmen (Ground) 
 
 Policemen. 
 
 Porters — Adult _ 
 
 Porters — Junior.. 
 
 Shunters 
 
 Signal Fitters and Telegraph Wiremen 
 
 Signalmen 
 
 Signal-box Lads 
 
 Station Masters and Goods Agents. 
 
 Ticket Collectors and Examiners.. 
 
 Watchmen. 
 
 Yardsmen.. 
 
 Foremen (Permanent Way). 
 
 Foremen (Others).. 
 
 'Busdrivers 
 
 Point Cleaners 
 
 Stablemen and Horsekeepers 
 
 Miscellaneous — Adults _ 
 
 Miscellaneous — Juniors 
 
 Number 
 of Staff 
 
 TotaL.. 
 
 110 
 
 2,139 
 
 358 
 
 17 
 
 3,657 
 
 1,315 
 
 1,050 
 
 54 
 
 368 
 
 1,875 
 
 45 
 
 20 
 
 51 
 
 7,320 
 
 1,953 
 
 2,448 
 
 533 
 
 4,085 
 
 2,868 
 
 249 
 
 97 
 
 30 
 
 629 
 
 180 
 
 68 
 
 554 
 
 9,290 
 
 548 
 
 201 
 
 8 
 
 673 
 
 10,948 
 
 2,138 
 
 110 
 
 495 
 
 42 
 
 95 
 
 7,276 
 
 18 
 
 103 
 
 6,151 
 
 1,135 
 
 1,348 
 
 115 
 
 3,025 
 
 67 
 
 877 
 
 265 
 
 72 
 
 102 
 
 14 
 
 1,775 
 
 24 
 
 58 
 
 327 
 
 3,067 
 
 395 
 
 82,835 
 
110 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Start of benefits. 
 
 Refund. 
 
 Midland Railway. 
 
 (*2,76H miles; 71,091 employes.) 
 (♦Includes 1,385 miles Joint Lines.) 
 
 Midland Railway Friendly Society, established Septem- 
 ber 1, 1859, providing for sickness, accident, old age, death, 
 and death of members' wives. 
 
 Benefits of Society not extended, except for accident and 
 medical attendance and medicine, until after 12 weeks' 
 subscription to the funds; but if before that period has 
 elapsed the member dies, or from any cause leaves the 
 service of Company, the amount he has subscribed will be 
 refunded upon written application duly made and approved. 
 
 Table of Contributions and Benefits. 
 
 A Member becomes ''Free," or entitled to claim and receive all benefits, at the end of 
 three months after entering the Society. 
 
 contributions. 
 
 (For all Members admitted after 1st July, 1879.) 
 
 Age on Admission 
 
 Entrance Fee 
 
 
 Fortnightly Contribution 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 
 8. 
 
 d. 
 
 *14 and under 18 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 8 
 
 18 " 21 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 3 
 
 21 " 25 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 25 " 28 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 5 
 
 28 " 31 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 7 
 
 31 " 35 
 
 10 
 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 9 
 
 All members admitted prior to 1st July, 1879, pay a contribution of Is. 3d. per fortnight, should they be 
 still in the service of the Midland Railway Company. Those members who had left the service prior to 1st 
 January, 1880, pay a contribution of Is. per fortnight. 
 
 * Junior members between 14 and 18 receive half benefits . 
 
 BENEFITS RECEIVABLE BY MEMBERS WHILE IN THE SERVICE OF THE MIDLAND RAILWAY 
 
 COMPANY. 
 
 Weekly allowance in Sickness during 
 
 Sum payable on the death of a 
 
 26 Weeks 
 
 Remainder of Sickness 
 
 Member 
 
 Member's Wife 
 
 12s. 
 for ordinary sickness, and 
 such cases of accident for 
 which compensation is not 
 recoverable from the Co. 
 under the Workmen's 
 Compensation Act, 1897. 
 
 6s. 
 for ordinary sickness, and 
 such cases of accident for 
 which compensation is not 
 recoverable from the Co. 
 under the Workmen's 
 Compensation Act, 1897. 
 
 £12 
 
 £5 
 
 In addition to any sum 
 
 that may be due to such 
 
 as contribute to the 
 
 2 Weeks 
 
 Remainder of Sickness 
 
 12s. 
 for accidental sickness 
 when compensation is re- 
 coverable from the Co. 
 under the Workmen's 
 Compensation Act, 1897. 
 
 6s. 
 for accidental sickness 
 when compensation is re- 
 coverable from the Co. 
 under the Workmen's 
 Compensation Act, 1897. 
 
 Wives' Burial Fund. 
 
 A Superannuation allowance of 8s. per week on attaining 65 years of age, to members claiming the same, 
 in which case the contribution ceases. 
 
 BENEFITS RECEIVABLE BY MEMBERS AFTER LEAVING THE SERVICE OF THE MIDLAND 
 
 RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 Weekly allowance in Sickness during 
 
 Sum payable on the death of a 
 
 26 Weeks 
 
 Remainder of Sickness 
 
 Member 
 
 Member's Wife 
 
 10s. 
 
 5s. 
 
 £10 
 
 £5 or £10 
 to such members as con- 
 tribute to the 
 Wives' Burial Fund. 
 
 A Superannuation allowance on attaining 65 years of age, under certain conditions, 
 and medicine are also orovided. 
 
 Medical attendance 
 
Company contribution. 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Ill 
 
 Scale of benefits above indicated is framed on basis of 
 an annual contribution by the Railway Company at rate 
 of 10s. per member. In event of cessation or diminution 
 of such contribution, the scale of benefits may be subject to 
 proportionate reduction. Company subscription for year 
 ending December 31, 1903, amounted to .£19,414. 
 
 Refund provision. 
 
 If an adult member of Society for eight years at least, the 
 aggregate amount of contributions is ascertained, from 
 which total amount of payments made to him, if any, and 
 a sum calculated at rate of 6s. per annum to cover cost of 
 medical attendance and management, is deducted, and he 
 is thereupon entitled to a return of 25 per centum upon the 
 balance then remaining, which residuary amount is denomi- 
 nated "the retiring percentage." 
 
 If an adult member for at least 10 years, he has the option 
 of receiving the above-mentioned retiring percentage, or of 
 remaining a member of the Society entitled to receive the 
 benefits prescribed for Out-Members. 
 
 Commutation of 
 superannuation allowance. 
 
 Managing Committee may agree with member aged 65 
 years, who has become entitled to a superannuation allow- 
 ance, for payment to him of a lump sum of money in satis- 
 faction and discharge of his claim to such allowance. 
 
 Members receiving superannuation allowance cease to 
 make contributions to Society, but are entitled to medical 
 attendance and medicine and to payments on death. 
 
 Wives' Burial Fund. 
 
 Member may, under prescribed conditions, become a 
 member of Wives' Burial Fund, and thereupon be liable 
 to subscribe his proportion of such funds, the necessary 
 calls to be made from time to time, no one call to exceed 
 the sum of 3d. 
 
 Widow of deceased member, who has been a member 
 of Wives' Burial Fund for period of 12 months, may, under 
 prescribed conditions, continue to contribute to such Fund, 
 and will be deemed a member of the Society for the purpose 
 only of insuring sum of ,£5 at her death. 
 
112 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Entrants' age. 
 
 Average age of deceased 
 members. 
 
 Members 60 years and over. 
 
 Receipts and disburse- 
 ments. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Average age of new entrants during 1903 was 21 years. 
 
 Average age of members deceased during 1903 (including 
 ages 17 to 84 years) was 48 years. 
 
 Number of members 60 years of age and over on Decem- 
 ber 31, 1903, was 1,570, of whom 1,337 were Service Mem- 
 bers and 233 Out-Members. 
 
 Avearge annual receipts for six-year period, 1898 to 
 1903, approximately £85,000, and disbursements £52,000. 
 Receipts during year ending December 31, 1903, £92,650, 
 and disbursements £56,047. 
 
 Total membership June 30, 1860, 2,265, and on Decem- 
 ber 31, 1903, 33,903, or about 48 per centum of entire 
 working force. 
 
 Employes by occupations. 
 
 Distribution of employes by occupations: 
 
 Occupation 
 
 General Officers 
 
 Other Officers.. : 
 
 General Office Clerks — salaried Staff and works Foremen 
 
 Station Agents (Freight and Passenger) 
 
 Other Stationmen.. 
 
 Enginemen, all trains.. 
 
 Firemen, all trains. 
 
 Conductors, all trains 
 
 Other Trainmen. _ 
 
 Machinists. 
 
 Carpenters 
 
 Other Shopmen 
 
 Section Foremen of Permanent Way... 
 
 Other Trackmen 
 
 Switchmen... 
 
 Watchmen, Detectives and Policemen. 
 
 Telegraph Operators _ 
 
 Employes account of Floating Equipment. 
 
 All other employes and laborers.... 
 
 Total.. 
 
 Number 
 
 14 
 
 89 
 
 7,469 
 
 640 
 
 20,952 
 
 3,208 
 
 3,191 
 
 3,408 
 
 196 
 
 1,025 
 
 1,564 
 
 8,840 
 
 835 
 
 3,459 
 
 3,213 
 
 205 
 
 612 
 
 1,401 
 
 10,770 
 
 71,091 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 North British Railway. 
 
 (1,442 miles; 22,000 employes.) 
 
 North British Railway Insurance Society, established 
 about 1853, providing for accident, sickness, old age, and 
 death. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 •113 
 
 Risk" feature. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Contributions and benefits. 
 
 Employes running the greatest risk pay the highest pre- 
 miums, and receive a larger allowance for accident only. 
 
 Membership is both compulsory and voluntary, servants 
 in the working department, such as engine drivers, firemen, 
 guards, shunters, porters, signalmen, etc., being in former 
 class, and those who are not members of North British 
 Railway Superannuation Fund Association, being in latter 
 class. 
 
 Members in compulsory class not required to produce 
 medical certificate to secure admission; all others must 
 produce medical certificate of health, and are not admitted 
 unless under age 35 years, which is the only age restriction 
 for membership. 
 
 Table of Contributions and Benefits.* 
 
 Occupation 
 
 Engine Drivers 
 
 Guards and Shunters (Goods) 
 
 Guards and Shunters (Passenger) 
 
 Station, Grain, and other Porters. 
 
 Pointsmen and Signalmen 
 
 Ticket Collectors and Checkers.. 
 
 Policemen and Bankheadmen.. 
 
 Gatekeepers and Carters 
 
 Firemen, Cleaners, and Coalmen 
 
 Kindlers, Packers, and Tubers... 
 
 Laborers, Shedmen, Greasers, 
 Washers Out, and Engine 
 Turners 
 
 Carriage and Wagon Examiners 
 
 Boys and others whose wages are 
 10s. a week and under 
 
 6d. 
 6d. 
 5d. 
 5d. 
 5d. 
 5d. 
 5d. 
 5d. 
 5d. 
 5d. 
 
 5d. 
 
 5d. 
 3d. 
 
 Weekly Allowance for the first 
 two weeks and under, in 
 cases of Total or Partial 
 Disablement by Accident 
 whilst in the discharge of 
 duty, and in the Company's 
 or Joint Committee's ser- 
 vice, the same being pro- 
 fessionally certified in such 
 manner as may be required 
 by the Committee. 
 
 17s. 6d. 
 
 17s. 6d. 
 
 15s. 
 
 15s. 
 
 15s. 
 
 15s. 
 
 15s. 
 
 15s. 
 
 15s. 
 
 15s. 
 
 15s. 
 
 A sum not exceeding their 
 weekly wages 
 
 5 B S"5s 
 
 Si * 
 
 5s. 
 
 CO 
 
 3 1 ^ 
 
 b 3 > 
 p p £ 
 
 5 '2 § 
 
 3 2 ~ 
 
 ?"< £ 
 c"-° 
 S a z 
 
 §11 
 
 2.° 
 
 B.8.0 
 
 c_cr 
 
 a 
 
 •a ■a sr.w.3 
 
 3|g*£ 
 
 _to3 &% 
 
 »V H 
 
 £2 2-p * 
 
 2 B- 3 w 
 2.op-^M a 
 
 ? ™ » s-S 
 
 ^Isp^ 
 
 SlS 3 
 oS3g 
 2 a vZ 
 
 " 2 3 z 
 
 3. to ** 3 
 
 2 » o 
 
 3 ^ *i »> 
 
 o* -i 
 
 — SV* 3 
 
 m 3 2 
 
 b 5 
 "3 St 
 
 3 0> 
 
 ~S b w 
 
 3 3 £ H 
 3 P 5 > 
 
 3 3 j» « 
 
 <" "l 
 
 n-n C B 
 
 hS, g 
 
 get -»«D 
 
 « CO 
 CG--"* 1 
 ° k O. 
 2.T3 n> 
 n p P 
 
 << C3- 
 
 Note. — Agents, Inspectors and Clerks are at liberty to join any Class, provided the amount of weekly allow- 
 ance, in case of accident, for such Class does not exceed their weekly earnings. 
 
 * Members receiving serious injuries necessitating the amputation of a leg, foot, arm, or hand, and who may be 
 taken to their own homes or private houses for treatment, receive 2s. 6d. per week in addition to the allow- 
 ances above mentioned. 
 
 Refund. 
 
 Member of five years' standing and upwards, on leaving 
 or being dismissed the Company's service, is entitled to 
 receive an equal share of sum at credit of Society (based on 
 membership) at close of the year to 31st December preced- 
 ing date of his application for same. 
 
114 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Out-membership. 
 
 Member of 10 years' standing and upwards, on leaving 
 or being dismissed the Company's service, who is desirous 
 of retaining connection with the Society, may lodge applica- 
 tion accordingly, and if this is sustained he is enrolled as a 
 Non-Resident Member; or he may have the option of 
 accepting his share of the funds under same conditions as 
 members of 5 years' standing. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Fund deficiencies met by levying additional contributions. 
 
 Receipts and 
 disbursements. 
 
 Receipts for year ending December 31, 1903, about 
 ,£13,000; disbursements about ,£12,000. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Total membership December 31, 1903, 10,585, or about 
 48 per centum of entire working force. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 North British Railway Locomotive, Carriage and Wagon 
 Departments Yearly Friendly Society, established in 1878. 
 
 Table Showing Weekly Payments and Benefits in 
 Sickness, and Funeral Allowances. 
 
 Number 
 of Shares 
 
 Amount of Contributions 
 per week. 
 
 Aliment 
 per week 
 durina: ill- 
 
 Funeral Allowances 
 
 For first 12 weeks. 
 
 One Penny 
 
 Twopence 
 
 Threepence 
 
 Fourpence 
 
 Fivepence 
 
 From 12 to 24 weeks. 
 
 One Penny 
 
 Twopence 
 
 Threepence 
 
 Fourpence 
 
 Fivepence 
 
 From 24 to .52 weeks 
 
 One Penny 
 
 Twopence 
 
 Threepence 
 
 Fourpence 
 
 Fivepence 
 
 £ s. d. 
 
 2 9 
 
 5 6 
 
 8 3 
 
 11 
 
 13 9 
 
 Member 
 
 d. 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 15 
 
 
 
 5 
 
 Wife 
 
 s. d. 
 
 15 
 
 10 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 15 
 
 s. d. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 115 
 
 Share allotment basis. 
 
 Refund on leaving service. 
 
 Distribution of surplus 
 funds. 
 
 Shares allotted at rate of Id. per week represent the 
 weekly contribution, and these shares determine the class of 
 benefits to which members are entitled, but no member 
 can hold less than two nor more than five shares. 
 
 Members whose weekly wages do not exceed 10s. cannot 
 hold more than two shares; 15s., three shares; and 20s., four 
 shares. Each workman on entering Society must pay 
 threepence per share as entry money. 
 
 Members leaving Company's service, or being discharged 
 (providing they have not received any benefits of the 
 Society for the current year), are entitled to receive one- 
 tenth of the contributions they may have paid into the 
 funds, and thereupon cease to be members of and have no 
 further claim on the Society. 
 
 At the close of each fiscal year the funds of the Society 
 remaining after defraying all expenses due for the year, 
 and retaining threepence per share as entry-money, are 
 divided among the members according to the amount they 
 have paid in. 
 
 Employes, by occupations. 
 
 Distribution of employes by occupations: 
 
 Occupation 
 
 General Officers 
 
 Other Officers. 
 
 General Office Clerks. 
 
 Station Agents (Freight and Passenger) 
 
 Other Stationmen. 
 
 Enginemen, all trains 
 
 Firemen, all trains _ 
 
 Conductors, all trains... 
 
 Other Trainmen... 
 
 Machinists _ 
 
 Carpenters_ 
 
 Other Shopmen 
 
 Section Foremen. 
 
 Other Trackmen 
 
 Switchmen, Flagmen, and Watchmen.... 
 
 Telegraph Operators 
 
 All other employes and laborers 
 
 Total.. 
 
 Number 
 
 15 
 
 19 
 
 2,085 
 
 465 
 2,164 
 1,284 
 1,252 
 1,250 
 2,399 
 
 356 
 
 504 
 2,190 
 
 685 
 3,205 
 
 232 
 1,512 
 2,383 
 
 22,000 
 
116 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 No organization. 
 
 Company arrangement. 
 
 North Eastern Railway. 
 
 (1,669.5 miles; 51,356 employes.*) 
 
 (* Represents number of employes as of December 31, 1902.) 
 
 Company conducts no regular insurance fund for its em- 
 ployes. 
 
 Payments made to staff during absence from duty owing 
 to sickness, and not the result of accident, are governed by 
 regulations under which the clerical staff, foremen, in- 
 spectors, and others who receive no extra payment for over- 
 time, are allowed full wages for a period not exceeding 
 twelve (12) weeks, which allowance period is in many cases 
 extended. 
 
 Arrangement for overtime. 
 
 No allowance is made to staff paid extra when required 
 to work overtime (artisans and others). 
 
 Accident. 
 
 Payments in case of accident are governed by the 
 Employers' Liability Act, 1897, although the Company 
 frequently grants allowances beyond those provided for 
 by the Act. 
 
 Donations to widows. Donations are also made to the widows of men who have 
 
 died in the service of the Company, varying in amount 
 according to the positions of the men and their length of 
 service. These donations are paid in many cases out of a 
 fund known as the Benevolent Fund, consisting of the 
 accumulated moneys which have accrued from fines paid by 
 the Company's servants. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Contribution. 
 
 Tafj Vale Railway. 
 
 (124.25 miles; 4,386 employes.) 
 
 Taff Vale Railway Employes' Accident Fund, established 
 July 1, 1898. 
 
 Members contribute |d. for every 10s. or fraction thereof 
 received as wages, and Company, as Treasurer, deducts 
 same on wage-lists. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 117 
 
 Table of accident pay. 
 
 Table of Accident Pay. 
 
 Wages per fortnight not exceeding 10s Benefits per fortnight 6s. 
 
 Exceeding 10s. but not exceeding.. 20s 
 
 20s. ' 30s 
 
 30s. " " " 40s 
 
 40s. " " " 50s 
 
 50s. " " " 60s 
 
 60s. " " " 70s 
 
 70s. " " " 80s 
 
 80s. " " " 90s 
 
 90s. " " " 100s 
 
 And so on in like proportion. 
 Fractions of a fortnight are calculated at the fortnightly rate. 
 
 12s. 
 
 18s. 
 24s. 
 30s. 
 36s. 
 42s. 
 48s. 
 54s. 
 60s. 
 
 Period of allowances. 
 
 After expiration of twelve months the accident pay is 
 reduced by one-half, and after expiration of two years 
 ceases, and member has no further claim in respect of the 
 accident in question. 
 
 Allowance for permanent 
 incapacitation. 
 
 Where member sustains such injury as will, in opinion of 
 Committee, permanently incapacitate him, such member 
 will be entitled to receive from Fund a lump sum not 
 exceeding one and one-half years' full accident pay, less 
 two years' contributions at rate of wages he was receiving 
 when the injury was sustained, under foregoing scale, and 
 less any amounts he may have already received on account 
 of such injury. 
 
 Fatal accident allowance. 
 
 Where member sustains fatal injuries, the Fund pays 
 out to designated survivors, or some or one of such persons, 
 a sum equal to one year's accident pay under foregoing 
 scale. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Fund deficiencies met by levying additional contri- 
 butions. 
 
 Railway Benevolent Institution. 
 
 Athough a private institution, the benefits of the organi- 
 zation are largely participated in by employes of English 
 railways. Characteristics of the Institution are accorded dis- 
 tinct treatment elsewhere herein, under the caption "Public 
 and Private (Outside) Provision" (vide infra, pp. 295, 296). 
 
118 
 
 Insurance and Reuef Provision. 
 
 General comment on 
 Friendly Societies. 
 
 Special Comment. 
 
 It may be observed, parenthetically, by way of enlarging 
 in a general way, the presentation of the subject, that all 
 the representative railways of Great Britain provide 
 Friendly Society insurance, in some form, for their em- 
 ployes. Sundry Parliamentary enactments, from time to 
 time, such as the Friendly Societies Act, the Employers' 
 Liability Act, and the Workmen's Compensation Act, 
 stand as Governmental guarantees for the workingman's 
 protection ; and many of the roads have created their own 
 insurance schemes to take the place of legislative require- 
 ments in these relations; it always being a prerequisite 
 that the railway scheme shall make as good or better pro- 
 vision than is afforded by Parliamentary legislation, other- 
 wise the employes may avail themselves of the latter. 
 These schemes, previous to inauguration, are submitted 
 to and have the approval of the Government's Registrar 
 of Friendly Societies, and this officer is furnished periodi- 
 cally with reports and statements exhibiting the results of 
 their operation along all lines. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 General features of Asiatic 
 railway provident funds. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 All the roads in the Orient reporting in this connection 
 conduct what are styled "Provident Funds," which are 
 conducted under Government or State management. There 
 is no real difference between an Indian railway operated 
 by State agency as contrasted with a line worked by a Com- 
 pany; the Manager representing the Agent on a Company 
 line, and the Government of India taking the place of a 
 Board of Directors. 
 
 "Non-pensionables ' 
 involved. 
 
 'Pensionable." 
 
 These funds are conducted in the interest of "non-pen- 
 sionable" employes, and usually include Europeans, Eura- 
 sians, and Natives 18 years of age and upwards. 
 
 "Pensionable" employes attached to the railway service 
 are usually granted pension allowances from the general 
 revenue of the State. 
 

 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 119 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Members are required to subscribe on either compulsory 
 or voluntary basis : 
 
 Compulsory : 5 per centum per annum on amount of 
 salary, wages, and personal or acting allowance. 
 
 Voluntary : May subscribe such further sum up to and 
 not exceeding and additional 5 per centum per annum. 
 
 Company commonly subscribes on basis of either gross 
 or net receipts from railway operation. 
 
 Guarantee security. 
 
 Members are required to furnish "Guarantee Security," 
 to insure fidelity to the service. 
 
 Allowance periods. 
 
 Payments are made on retirement, death, dismissal, and 
 on default. 
 
 Characteristics. 
 
 These schemes are invested with characteristics common 
 to savings funds conducted by Railways of Great Britain 
 and the United States (vide infra). 
 
 Name and date. 
 
 Bengal-Nag pur Railway Company, Limited. 
 
 (1,645 miles.) 
 
 Bengal-Nagpur Railway Provident Institution, estab- 
 lished January 1, 1891. 
 
 Name and date. 
 
 Burma Railways Company, Limited. 
 
 (1,178 miles.) 
 
 Burma Railway Provident Institution, established Jan- 
 uary, 1901 (rules being made effective from July 1, 1899), 
 
 Name. 
 
 Eastern Bengal State Railway System. 
 
 (1,003 miles.) 
 
 Eastern Bengal Railway Provident Fund. 
 
120 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 East Indian Railway Company. 
 
 (2,297 miles; 77,022 employes.) 
 
 Europeans 1,512 
 
 ♦Eurasians J 956 
 
 Natives 74,554 
 
 77,022 
 
 Name and date. 
 
 East Indian Railway Provident Institution, established 
 in 1868. 
 
 Great Indian Peninsula Railway. 
 
 (2,682.95 miles; 50,718 employes.) 
 
 Name. 
 
 Great Indian Railway Provident Fund. 
 
 Characteristics of State 
 control of Indian railways 
 
 Note. — That a general conception may be had of the 
 operation of Indian railways under State control, the 
 following statements are offered, viz.: 
 
 This particular railway is wholly under State control, 
 and worked by the Company. That is, the railways are 
 the property of the State turned over to the Company to 
 work. The Company has a share capital of £2,575,000, 
 and the Government pays the Company interest on said 
 capital at the rate of 3 per centum. 
 
 Company runs trains at such rates of speed as the Govern- 
 ment shall require, and all services required by the latter 
 for the transportation of mails, troops, etc., is performed 
 on the same conditions as in force on State railways. 
 
 All moneys received are paid, without deduction, into 
 the Government Treasury. 
 
 All moneys required are supplied by the Government. 
 
 All moneys expended are sanctioned by the Government. 
 
 Accounts are kept as required by the Government, and 
 are made up half-yearly. 
 
 * Eurasian (contraction from Europe and Asia) : A cross-breed between a 
 European and an Asiatic. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 121 
 
 Receipts, after deducting working expenses, are applied 
 half-yearly as follows: 
 
 1. — In payment to the Government of a specified sum 
 
 in rupees. 
 2. — In payment to the Government of all interest on 
 money raised or provided by the Secretary of State. 
 3. — If any surplus, nineteen-twentieths (-^f ) to the Gov- 
 ernment and one-twentieth (■£$) to the Company. 
 
 Name and date. 
 
 Oudh & Rohilkhand Railway. 
 
 (1,203 miles; 19,039 employes.) 
 
 Oudh & Rohilkhand Railway Provident Fund, estab- 
 lished January, 1889. 
 
 Southern Mahratta Railway. 
 
 (1,045.03 miles; 13,624 employes.) 
 
 Name and date. 
 
 Southern Mahratta Railway Provident Fund, instituted 
 January 1, 1885. 
 
 Employe contribution. 
 
 Arrears. 
 
 Contribution, deducted on wage lists, equivalent to one- 
 twelfth of salary drawn each month. 
 
 All arrears of subscriptions unpaid on return from leave 
 must be paid up. 
 
 Deposit account. 
 
 Deposits are made in a special account styled the 
 "Southern Mahratta Railway Provident Fund Account," 
 kept at a Government treasury or at a bank in India. 
 
 Investment of surplus. 
 
 Institution surplus invested from time to time in desig- 
 nated Government of India and Indian railway securities ; 
 such investments being kept distinct from other invest- 
 ments made in the name of the Railway, and placed to the 
 credit of the Provident Fund. 
 
122 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Company contribution. 
 
 Bonus. 
 
 Interest accrued in any half year on investments or bal- 
 ances standing to credit of Fund is, after meeting charges 
 for commission, renewal fees, etc., credited to depositors in 
 proportion to balance at their credit at end of the half year. 
 
 Secretary of Fund keeps a separate account with each 
 depositor, showing receipts and payments in his behalf, 
 and furnishes him with copy of this account annually. 
 
 All expenses connected with keeping the accounts of the 
 Fund are charged as working expenses of the Railway. 
 
 With effect from date on which the revenue accounts 
 of each half year are submitted to the Government, the 
 deposit account of each servant is provisionally credited 
 with a "bonus" equal to one-half of the compulsory deposits 
 made on his behalf during the half year. The aggregate 
 bonus granted for any half year to a depositor in no case 
 exceeds the amount of compulsory deposits made on his 
 behalf during the same period. 
 
 Legislation on 
 disposition of deposits. 
 
 Disposal of deposits of deceased servants is regulated 
 by the Indian Succession Act (X of 1865), the Administra- 
 tor General's Act (II of 1874), and the Succession Certificate 
 Act (VII of 1889), in cases where balance at credit of 
 deceased members exceeds 2,000 rupees, and in cases 
 where such balance does not exceed 2,000 rupees, by 
 Section 3 of the Provident Funds Act (IX of 1897) ; under 
 the last-named act, in cases where amount at credit does 
 not exceed 2,000 rupees, the Secretary of Fund may pay it : 
 
 a. — To any person nominated in writing by the 
 
 deceased servant. 
 b. — To any person appearing to him to be entitled 
 
 to receive it. 
 
 Unclaimed deposits. Deposits, including interest and Company's contribu- 
 
 tions not withdrawn within a year after depositor's death, 
 or his leaving the railway service, are transferred at the 
 end of each half year to an " Unclaimed Provident Fund 
 Account," which is kept as a subsidiary account on the 
 books of the Fund. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 123 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Date of institution. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Cape Government Railways. 
 
 (2,324.5 miles.) 
 
 Conducts the "Cape Government Railways Sick Fund," 
 established about 1896, which includes railway employes 
 and members of their families. 
 
 Married employes required to contribute, on a provided 
 scale, for their wives, and children resident with and 
 dependent upon them. 
 
 Gratuity of one month's pay for each year in the service, 
 with a minimum payment of one year's pay in case de- 
 ceased member's annual emoluments amount to less than 
 ,£100, otherwise a minimum of ,£100 ; same being paid 
 to widow or other proper representative. Medical attend- 
 ance furnished. 
 
 Incapacitation benefits. 
 
 Burial benefit. 
 
 Prosthetic agencies. 
 
 Gratuity of .£20, as maximum, with a maximum allow- 
 ance of ,£1 per month, for a period not exceeding two years, 
 in case of incapacitation from accident. 
 
 Burial allowance of ,£10. 
 
 Artificial limbs and other prosthetic agencies furnished. 
 
 Regular insurance scheme. 
 
 Central South African Railways. 
 
 (1,374 miles; 25,556 employes.) 
 
 An arrangement has been concluded with various life 
 assurance societies whereby the administration collects 
 the premiums of officers and employes who take out assur- 
 ance policies, the assurance companies allowing a small 
 reduction on the ordinary premiums. The premiums are 
 deducted monthly on the railway pay-sheets. 
 
124 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Membership requirements. 
 
 Contributions and benefits. 
 
 Natal Government Railways. 
 
 (679 miles; 4,835 employes, Europeans.) 
 
 Apart from relief extended by the Government, con- 
 sisting of full pay in case of accident and half pay in sick- 
 ness, there is conducted an organization styled the Natal 
 Government Railways Mutual Benefit Society, established 
 in March, 1885. 
 
 Objects are administration of pecuniary relief to mem- 
 bers in case of sickness or accident, and to provide a sum 
 of money, in name of funeral expenses, which is paid to 
 proper representative of deceased member. 
 
 Society affairs under management of a Committee of 
 Management, consisting of eleven members, which has 
 the appointment of a Secretary and a Treasurer, and 
 Visiting Stewards and Collectors, subject to confirmation 
 at next general meeting; two Trustees and two Auditors 
 are also appointed at each yearly meeting. 
 
 Membership is voluntary, and includes any officer or 
 servant of the Natal Government Railways Department, 
 over 14 and under 45 years of age (Indians and Natives 
 excepted), who may make application and pass satisfactory 
 physical examination by Society Medical Officer. 
 
 Membership is divided into three classes, namely, 1st, 
 2nd, 3rd, for which the entrance fees and weekly contributions, 
 and the benefits, after three months' membership, are in 
 accordance with the following scale, viz. : 
 
 
 
 
 
 Allowances whilst 
 unable to follow 
 
 
 Class 
 
 Entrance 
 Fee 
 
 Weekly 
 Contributions 
 
 ordinary occupa- 
 tion through sick- 
 ness or accident 
 for a period not 
 exceeding sixteen 
 weeks* 
 
 Amount payable to 
 representatives of 
 Member at death 
 in name of Fu- 
 neral Expenses 
 
 
 
 
 
 Per Diem 
 
 
 
 s. 
 
 d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 s. d. 
 
 £ 
 
 1 
 
 6 
 
 
 
 1 
 
 4 
 
 *20 
 
 2 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 9 
 
 2 8 
 
 *15 
 
 3 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 6 
 
 1 4 
 
 *10 
 
 * In the case of the death of a member's wife, the member shall be entitled, if 
 he should so desire, provided he has been twelve months continuously in the 
 Society, to draw two-fifths of the above allowances, which shall form a deduc- 
 tion from the amount payable to the member's representatives at his decease. 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 125 
 
 Continuation of sick 
 benefits. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Leaving the service. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursement. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Where disability exceeds period of sixteen weeks, Com- 
 mittee is empowered to grant two-thirds of scale allowance 
 for further period not exceeding sixteen weeks ; and where 
 disability continues beyond latter period, Committee may 
 grant one-third of scale allowance for additional period 
 not exceeding sixteen weeks, any further allowance in 
 exceptional cases being entirely dependent upon state of 
 the funds, and subject to discretion of the Committee. 
 
 Society is financed by Government grants (the grant for 
 the year ended March, 1903, having been £500), and con- 
 tributions of members. 
 
 Where member has paid contributions continuously for 
 twelve months and leaves service of Railway Department, 
 he receives back a sum equivalent to 25 per centum of his 
 total contributions after deduction of all sums which may 
 have been paid to or for him. 
 
 Where deficiencies in funds are found, the Committee is 
 empowered to levy from members such sums as may be 
 required to meet the emergency. 
 
 Income for year ended March, 1903, was £2,203 15s. 6d., 
 made up : 
 
 Subscriptions .....! £1,579 6s. 6d. 
 
 Fines.. - - 10 2s. 6d. 
 
 Entrance fees.. 85 12s. Od. 
 
 Interest from Natal Building So- 
 ciety 21 lis. Od. 
 
 Refund 7 3s. 6d. 
 
 Government grant 500 0s. Od. 
 
 Total expenditure for year ended March, 1903, was 
 £1,931 0s. 6d., made up: 
 
 Sick allowances.... £734 4s. Od. 
 
 Funeral expenses 128 0s. Od. 
 
 Refunds to members leaving service.. 28 14s. Od. 
 
 Medical expenses 854 6s. 8d. 
 
 Honorariums 47 15s. 6d. 
 
 Secretary and Treasurer's salary 68 10s. Od. 
 
 Auditors' fees. 10 10s. Od. 
 
 Stationery, printing, books, etc 59 0s. 4d. 
 
 Expenditures during the eighteen years of Society's 
 existence to and including year ended March, 1903, £16,659, 
 for sick benefits, medical and funeral expenses, and refunds 
 to members leaving the service. 
 
 Membership as of March, 1903, 710. 
 
126 
 
 Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 Tasmanian Government Railways. 
 
 (462 miles; 969 employes.) 
 
 There is conducted the "Tasmanian Government Railway 
 Servants' Friendly Society," established January, 1877. 
 
 Society consists of an unlimited number of honorary and 
 ordinary members. 
 
 Persons contributing by benefaction 10s. 6d. and upwards 
 become honorary members, but are not thereby entitled 
 to fund benefits or emolument. 
 
 Ordinary membership consists of males employed on 
 Tasmanian Government Railways between ages 16 and 45 
 years. 
 
 Objects are to provide sick allowance and a sum for 
 funeral expenses. 
 
 Membership contributions : 
 a. — Entrance fee, 2s. 6d. 
 b. — Contribution, Is. 3d. fortnightly. 
 
 Society benefits: 
 
 a. — Sick allowance, 20s. per week (no member to 
 receive more than .£13 sick allowance in any one 
 year) . 
 b. — Funeral allowance .£15 on the death of a member, 
 and ,£10 on death of member's wife. 
 Payments to be made from the General Fund. 
 
 Probationary period. 
 
 Agents. 
 
 Members subscribe three months before being entitled 
 to receive benefits. 
 
 Station-masters at each station, the Permanent Way 
 Inspectors on the line, and any member the Committee may 
 appoint, are recognized Society agents, and are authorized 
 
Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 
 127 
 
 to collect all subscriptions, which must be forwarded fort- 
 nightly to the Secretary, who initials the total fortnightly 
 amount, which is considered sufficient receipt for same; 
 each agent being provided with a passbook, in which he 
 enters all contributions received from the several members 
 at time of payment, and this book, with the money, is 
 sent to the Secretary. 
 
 Reserve Fund. 
 
 Reserve Fund is maintained, composed of entrance fees, 
 fines, forfeits, deductions, donations, and one-third of 
 amount divisible as annual dividend is placed in this fund 
 until the reserve amounts to ,£100, and all other amounts not 
 being subscriptions or properly divisible at annual distribu- 
 tions. When the fund reaches .£130, amount in excess is 
 placed to credit of General Fund. 
 
 Refund. 
 
 Where member is dismissed or leaves the service of the 
 Government, he is entitled to a share of the money in General 
 Fund in proportion to contributions during that year, less 
 a 10 per centum deduction which is paid into the Reserve 
 Fund. 
 
 Accounts. 
 
 Accounts are made up in November of each year, and 
 the amount in the General Fund is then divided among the 
 members in proportion to the amount each has contributed 
 during the year. 
 
 Statistics. 
 
 Balance sheet embodied in annual report for 1903 shows 
 receipts from all sources as ,£411 17s. 2d., against which 
 there was an expenditure of ,£398 14s. 3d., which, with the 
 Reserve Fund, left ,£138 16s. 8d. to the Society's credit. 
 
 Mortality. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Average mortality rate per 1,000 members in 1903 was 20. 
 Number of members at end of 1903, 244. 
 
Early pension schemes 
 in United States. 
 
 Characteristics. 
 
 Objects 
 
 B. — Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 America. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Railway pension funds in the United States originated 
 with the pension feature of the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 
 Company, instituted October 1, 1884, participation in which 
 is based on four (4) years' membership in the Company's 
 Relief Department, of which the pension feature is an aux- 
 iliary. The operations of the Baltimore & Ohio fund were 
 originally on a small scale. The Company's annual appro- 
 priation thereto up to July 1, 1900, was $31,000 (consisting 
 of an annual appropriation of $25,000, and the use of the 
 $6,000 reserve fund of the Relief Department when the 
 same was not needed by that department); on the date 
 named, however, the annual subscription by the Company 
 was increased to $75,000, with reversionary interest in the 
 $6,000 reserve fund of the Relief Department, or a total 
 of $81,000. It will, therefore, be apparent that the present 
 standard of pension fund operations among the railways of 
 the country dates practically from the year 1900, from and 
 after which year all of the funds were established on the 
 prevailing scale of allowances. 
 
 Pension departments in the United States possess the same 
 general characteristics, all being patterned after the plans 
 adopted by the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, next 
 above announced, and the Pennsylvania Railroad Com- 
 pany, hereinafter discussed, only merely nominal differences 
 obtaining, such as are necessitated by physical and financial 
 conditions of the various railways. 
 
 The objects of the departments are uniformly to provide for 
 compulsory or involuntary retirement from service at 65 or 
 70 years of age, and voluntary retirement consequent upon 
 permanent incapacitation, between the ages of 61 and 69 
 years, with service ranging from 10 to 30 years, on a fixed 
 allowance, usually computed at 1 per centum of the average 
 monthly pay for the 10 years next preceding retirement, 
 for each year of service. 
 (129) 
 
130 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Optional allowance. 
 
 Special Railway 
 Company provision. 
 
 Department creation. 
 
 Relation to service. 
 
 Meaning of term "pension. 
 
 Allowance controlled 
 by company. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 There is also provision in many of the pension regulations 
 for arbitrary allowances for permanent incapacitation at any 
 stage of service, such cases ranking as extraordinary, and 
 being governed absolutely by decision of specified executive 
 officer or other representative of the company concerned. 
 This extraordinary provision is not called for, ordinarily, 
 with railways conducting Relief Departments, for the 
 reason that, as a rule, the regulations of these departments 
 fully cover cases of this nature. 
 
 Some of the railroad companies, although not interested 
 in distinctive pension plans or organizations, pursue a 
 purely company policy of awarding allowances, wholly 
 from their own revenues, as pensions or gratuities, to 
 meritorious employes upon the occasion of their retirement 
 from the service owing to advanced age or permanent 
 incapacitation. 
 
 Pension Departments are usually created by the Boards 
 of Directors of the railway companies, and their administra- 
 tion placed in the hands of railway appointees, commonly 
 styled either Board of Officers or Board of Pensions. 
 
 With some roads the pension feature is conducted as a 
 separate department of the service, and as such invested 
 with autonomous status, while with others it is operated as a 
 part of and in conjunction with other regular service 
 departments. 
 
 The term "Pension" as used by the American railways 
 in this relation, is derived from the French word ''pension," 
 meaning a boarding-house, a pension, and from the Latin 
 term "pensionem," signifying payment — from "pendo," I 
 weigh out. Thus viewed it stands for an annual allowance 
 of money from the public purse, or from private corporation 
 or person, without an equivalent in labor or otherwise — 
 generally, however, in consideration of past services. 
 
 The pension allowance is purely an optional railway 
 disbursement from railway revenue exclusively, the employe 
 making no contribution whatever to the scheme, which is 
 absolutely subject to company direction and control. 
 
 Financing of the undertakings is commonly based on an 
 original contribution, supplemented by fixed annual appro- 
 priation, which, with interest returns on the original fund, 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 131 
 
 are expected to meet all demands for allowances. Some- 
 times a fixed annual appropriation is the exclusive arrange- 
 ment. Provision is usually made, under both arrangements, 
 for ratable reductions in allowances where the company 
 contribution does not cover fund expenditures. 
 
 Accounting. 
 
 The accounting system varies with the several roads, 
 each observing a method adapted to its own convenience 
 and requirements. 
 
 Reports. 
 
 The general operative status of the fund is usually 
 presented in yearly report form, detailing receipts and 
 expenditures and sundry statistics and information on fund 
 affairs; this report being in some instances, notably in the 
 case of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company, included 
 distinctively, under appropriate heading, in the regular 
 annual report to the stockholders; in other cases, notably 
 with the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Company, it is embodied 
 in periodical reports on other features, such as the Relief 
 Department ; and again it is included in the regular annual 
 report in a general way. 
 
 Allowance basis. 
 
 Allowances are, as a rule, based on age and service. 
 
 Commutation. 
 
 There is no commutation of allowance by payment of 
 lump sum in lieu thereof or otherwise. 
 
 Allowance period. 
 
 Allowance ceases with the death of the beneficiary. 
 
 Amount of allowance. Allowances are commonly authorized by the Boards of 
 
 Directors to be paid monthly, and, as stated (vide supra), are 
 determined on the basis of one(l) per centum of the average 
 monthly pay for the 10 years next preceding retirement, 
 for each year of service. 
 
 Computation of allowance. 
 
 In computation of service it is reckoned from date of 
 entry in service to date when relieved therefrom, deduction 
 being made for actual time out of service, and eliminating 
 
132 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 in final result any fractional part of a month. Illustration: 
 Where an employe has been in the service continuously 
 for 41 years and during that time has been out of service 
 for periods amounting to one (1) year, and the average 
 wages for the past 10 years are $40 per month, he would, 
 upon retirement, receive 40 per centum of $40, or $16 per 
 month as a pension allowance. 
 
 statistics on results. Eighteen (18) railways report pension schemes, 16 of 
 
 which are in full operation, and 2 practically ready for 
 launching, all preliminaries having been carried out, and 
 only final company action being awaited. Railways 
 reporting pension plans represent an aggregate of 50,000 
 miles, or about 24 per centum of the total railway mileage 
 of the country, and upwards of 500,000 employes, or about 
 38 per centum of the total number of employes of all roads 
 in the United States. These funds represent an aggregate 
 annual appropriation not to exceed $1,350,000, when 
 necessary to make payment of pension allowances, while 
 eight (8) of the roads set aside originally, as the basis of 
 pension or working funds, an amount aggregating about 
 $600,000. Twelve (12) of the funds have expended since 
 organization an aggregate of $2,500,000, and the roads 
 concerned were carrying on their pension-rolls the names 
 of 3,200 pensioners at the end of the year 1903, while the 
 aggregate mortality among pensioners, since fund organiza- 
 tion, numbered 1,150. 
 
 Atlantic Coast Line Railroad Company. 
 
 (4,138.87 miles; 17,512 employes.) 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Pension Department established February 1, 1904. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Administration of Pension Department is by a Board of 
 Officers, known as the Board of Pensions, appointed by 
 the Company's Board of Directors. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 133 
 
 Service age limit. 
 
 Maximum age for entrance to railway service, 45 years. 
 No person inexperienced in railway work over 35 years of 
 age, and no experienced person over 45 years of age, is 
 taken into the service; provided, however, that in the 
 discretion of the Company's President persons may be 
 temporarily taken into the service irrespective of age for 
 a period not exceeding six months, and that this period 
 may be extended, if necessary, to complete the work for 
 which such persons were originally employed; provided, 
 also, that with the approval of the Board of Directors, 
 persons may be employed indefinitely, irrespective of age 
 limit, where the service to be rendered requires professional 
 or other special qualifications. 
 
 Compulsory and 
 voluntary retirements 
 
 Compulsory retirement at age 70, with 10 years' service, 
 for sedentary employes ; age 65, with 10 years' service, for 
 active employes. 
 
 Voluntary retirement, account of incapacitation, between 
 ages 61 and 69, inclusive, with 10 years' service. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Company appropriates an amount not exceeding $50,000 
 per annum. When pension allowances create demands in 
 excess of this amount, and as often as such condition may 
 arise, a new basis ratably reducing the pension allowances 
 may be established to bring the expenditures within the 
 limit of the Fund. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 No pensioners up to March 1, 1904. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad System. 
 
 (4,410 miles; 55,688 employes.) 
 
 Pension feature organized at same time as Relief Depart- 
 ment, but not put into active operation until October 1, 
 1884, four (4) years' membership in the Relief Department 
 being required to entitle to pension membership. Con- 
 ducted as a part of the Relief Department. 
 
134 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Compulsory and 
 voluntary retirements. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Compulsory retirement at age 65, with 10 years' service. 
 Voluntary retirement, for incapacitation, under 65 years 
 of age. 
 
 Superintendent of Relief Department has executive charge 
 of pension feature. 
 
 Table of pension 
 allowances. 
 
 Basis of pensions. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Disposition of surplus funds. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 Scale of pension allowances, showing increase for mem- 
 bership over 10 years* 
 
 
 g P M 
 
 s^ 
 
 s£S 
 
 
 w < % 
 
 W m>J 
 
 W O J 
 
 
 2? 
 
 
 * -S5 
 
 
 •;„ & - 
 
 
 
 Class in Relief Feature 
 
 "2 M PS 
 
 ^ s 5 ., 
 
 KKH 
 
 PS K H 
 
 
 w « g £ 
 
 <! w « 
 
 w ps 9 
 
 w ps 9 
 
 
 !>( U] ^ *". 
 
 
 m<3 
 
 
 o 
 
 lO 
 
 
 
 w 
 
 M 
 
 M 
 
 a 
 
 $0.25 
 
 $0.26i 
 
 .52* 
 
 .78f 
 
 1.05 
 
 1.31i 
 
 $0.27£ 
 
 B 
 
 .50 
 .75 
 
 .55 
 
 c 
 
 .82£ 
 
 D 
 
 1.00 
 1.25 
 
 1.10 
 
 E 
 
 1.37J 
 
 
 
 Pensions are determined on basis of age and membership. 
 
 Company contributes $75,000 annually; also may have 
 recourse to $6,000 reserve fund of Relief Department 
 (vide supra). 
 
 If at any time the funds applicable to the purposes of 
 this feature are more than sufficient to provide for the pay- 
 ment of prescribed pension allowances, such surplus is 
 applied to aid or support such class or classes of the Com- 
 pany's employes, members of the Relief feature, as may be 
 deemed most deserving and most in need of help. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, $689,219.77. 
 
 Number of pensioners at close of fiscal year ended June 
 30, 1903, was 335. 
 
 * Under Department regulations a like addition is made for each additional 
 term of five (5) years of continuous membership. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 135 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Deaths among pensioners since inauguration, 437. 
 
 Andrew Carnegie 
 endowment fund. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Company. 
 
 (207 miles; 2,676 employes.) 
 
 The employes, by virtue of Company standing as a con- 
 stituent member of the Carnegie Steel Company of New 
 Jersey interests, are prospective participants in the pension 
 allowance provided by the "Andrew Carnegie Relief 
 Fund," an endowment fund of $4,000,000 created by Mr. 
 Andrew Carnegie, which extends accident and death 
 benefits and pension allowances. Such participation by 
 employes will not become operative until such time as the 
 Railroad Company shall have been identified with the 
 Carnegie Interests ten (10) years, or about December, 1906, 
 the Railroad having been absorbed by said Interests, as 
 already stated (vide p. 30), on December 22, 1896. 
 
 Pension awarded at age 60, with 15 years' continuous 
 service. 
 
 Contemplated provision. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Management. 
 
 Service age. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Boston & Albany Railroad Company. 
 
 (389 miles; 5,400 employes.) 
 
 This Company reports, under date of April 6, 1904, that 
 it has under way details to be used in the creation of an 
 elaborate pension and insurance system for its employes, 
 which it is expected will be in operation before the advent 
 of another year. 
 
 Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway Company. 
 
 (500.5 miles; 4,454 employes.) 
 
 Pension Department established July 1, 1903. 
 
 No special departmental organization, the plan being 
 handled through regular official channels of the Company. 
 
 Maximum service entrance ages are 35 years for inex- 
 perienced and 45 years for experienced men. 
 
 Compulsory retirement at age 65, and voluntary at ages 
 60 to 64, with 20 years' service. 
 
136 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Allowance basis. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 Deaths. 
 Financing. 
 Disbursements. 
 Retirement age. 
 Average service. 
 
 Allowance based on 2 per centum of average monthly 
 pay for 10 years preceding retirement. 
 
 Number of pensioners, 4. 
 
 No deaths. 
 
 Company contributes a fund of $25,000 per annum. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, $186.16. 
 
 Average age of retirement, 65 years. 
 
 Average length of service of beneficiaries, 23 \ years. 
 
 Status of plan. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Central Railroad Company of New Jersey. 
 
 (685 miles; 11,953 employes.) 
 
 Company has a plan fully worked up and ready for 
 inauguration. 
 
 Compulsory retirement at age 70, with 30 years' service. 
 Voluntary between ages 65 and 69 for permanent incapacita- 
 tion. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Management. 
 
 Service age. 
 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railway Company. 
 
 (7,392.03 miles; 32,295 employes.) 
 
 Pension Department put in effect January 1, 1901. 
 
 Administration of the Department is by a Pension Board, 
 consisting of five officers of the Company, appointed by 
 the Board of Directors, who serve one year and until their 
 successors are selected. 
 
 No person over 35 years of age taken into service of 
 Company; provided, however, that in discretion of the 
 President persons may be temporarily taken into service, 
 irrespective of age, for a period not exceeding six months, 
 and that this period may be extended, if necessary, to 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 137 
 
 complete the work for which such persons were originally 
 employed; provided, also, that, with approval of Board 
 of Directors, persons may be employed indefinitely, irre- 
 spective of age limit, where the service to be rendered 
 requires professional or other special qualifications. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Compulsory retirement at age 70, with 20 years' service. 
 Voluntary, for incapacitation, between ages 65 and 69, with 
 20 years' service. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Financed wholly by Company appropriation, not to 
 exceed $200,000 per annum, provision being made for 
 ratable reduction in pension allowances when the aggre- 
 gate payment on that account exceeds the amount named 
 in any year. 
 
 Company payments to Fund in 1903, $58,066.26. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Expenditure for allowances since inauguration, $128,- 
 726.34. 
 
 Number uensiouers. 
 
 Number of pensioners carried at end of 1903 was 214. 
 
 Average service. 
 
 Average age at retirement, 69.6 years. Average length 
 of service of those retired, 33.9 years. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Deaths since inauguration, 26. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Management. 
 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railway Company. 
 
 (965.30 miles; 33,307 employes.) 
 
 Pension Department established June 1, 1902. 
 
 Administration of the Department is by a Pension 
 Board, consisting of six officers of the Company, appointed 
 by the Company's Board of Managers, who serve one year 
 and until their successors are selected and duly qualified. 
 
 Service age. 
 
 Maximum service entrance age is 35 years. 
 
138 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Permanent disablement 
 allowance. 
 
 Retiring age. 
 Average service. 
 Financing. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Compulsory retirement at age 70, with 25 years' service; 
 and voluntary retirement between 60 and 69 years of age, 
 with 25 years' service. 
 
 Under existing Department regulations the Pension 
 Board has power, in case a faithful employe of the Com- 
 pany receives injuries which totally incapacitate him for his 
 regular or other vocation, to take his case under considera- 
 tion and award him such sum, as a pension, for such length 
 of time as the Board may determine. 
 
 Average age of retirement, 67 years. 
 
 Average length of service of beneficiaries, 36 years. 
 
 Company annual appropriation not to exceed $50,000, 
 provision being made for ratable reduction in pension 
 allowances when the aggregate payment on that account 
 in any year exceeds the amount named. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, $22,563.79. 
 
 Number of pensioners, 96. 
 
 Deaths since inauguration, 12. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Management. 
 
 Houston & Texas Central Railroad Company. 
 
 (690 miles; 5,391 employes.) 
 
 Department established January 1, 1903. 
 
 Administration of Department is by a Board of Officers, 
 known as the Board of Pensions, consisting, until other- 
 wise ordered, of the following officers of the Company: 
 Vice-President, Manager, Engineer of Maintenance of Way, 
 Superintendent Motive Power, Auditor, General Attorney, 
 and Chief Surgeon. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 139 
 
 Service age. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 Average service. 
 Number pensioners. 
 Deaths. 
 
 Maximum service entrance ages are 35 years for inex- 
 perienced and 45 years for experienced men. 
 
 Compulsory retirement, for sedentary grades, at age 70, 
 and for active grades at age 65, with 20 years' service. 
 Voluntary retirement, for permanent incapacitation, be- 
 tween ages 61 and 69. 
 
 Original Company contribution of $20,000, as a working 
 fund, with additional annual Company contribution not 
 to exceed $15,000. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, $3,845.36. 
 
 Average length of service of retired employes, 31.7 years. 
 
 Number of pensioners, 16. 
 
 No deaths. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Management. 
 
 Service age. 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Classification. 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad Company. 
 
 (4,301.10 miles; 34,249 employes.) 
 
 Department established July 1, 1901. 
 
 Administration of Department is by a Board of Officers, 
 seven in number, known as the Board of Pensions, appointed 
 by the Company's Board of Directors. 
 
 Maximum service entrance ages are 35 years for inex- 
 perienced and 45 years for experienced men. 
 
 Retirement ages and conditions same as for Houston & 
 Texas Central Railroad (vide supra), except that 10 years' 
 service is required. 
 
 Pensioners, for accounting purposes, are classified as: 
 70-year class, 65-year class, 61-to-69-year class. 
 
140 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 Average service. 
 Average retiring age. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 Deaths. 
 
 Original Company contribution of $250,000, set aside as 
 a pension fund, and an additional maximum Company 
 contribution of $100,000 per annum. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, $70,856.20. 
 
 Average length of service of retired employes, 33| years. 
 
 Average retirement age, all classes of pensioners, 66 
 years, 10 months. 
 
 Number of pensioners, 159. 
 
 Deaths since inauguration, 20. 
 
 Vanderbilt System pension 
 and insurance scheme. 
 
 New York Central & Hudson River Railroad Company. 
 
 (3,422.66 miles; 49,852 employes.) 
 
 The "Vanderbilt System" of railroads, of which this 
 Company is the chief constituent member, with a mileage 
 of approximately 15,000 miles and upwards of 170,000 
 employes, report as having under consideration at this 
 time a joint pension and insurance plan for all employes. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Service age. 
 
 Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company. 
 
 (1,123 miles; 4,180 employes.) 
 
 Pension scheme established January 1, 1903. 
 
 Administration of Department by a Board of Pensions, 
 consisting of officers of the Railroad Company. 
 
 Maximum service entrance ages are 35 years for inex- 
 perienced and 45 years for experienced men. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 141 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Average retiring age. 
 
 Average service. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 Number pensioners. 
 Deaths. 
 
 Retirement: Compulsory, for sedentary grades, at age 
 70, with 20 years' service, and for active grades at age 65, 
 with same service. Voluntary retirement between ages 61 
 and 69, inclusive, for incapacitation. 
 
 Financed wholly by Company contribution. 
 
 Average age of retirement, 65 years, 4 months. 
 
 Average length of service of beneficiaries, 23 years, 6 
 months, 20 days. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, $139.61. 
 
 Number of pensioners, 3. 
 
 No deaths. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Constituency. 
 
 Oregon Short Line Railroad Company. 
 
 (1,266 miles; 4,700 employes.) 
 
 System established January 1, 1903. Same as announced 
 for Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company (vide supra). 
 
 Company set aside $50,000 as a pension fund, and makes 
 a further annual appropriation not to exceed $25,000 to 
 meet yearly demands. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, $592.65. 
 Number of pensioners, 6. 
 No deaths. 
 Pennsylvania System East and West of Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 (10,913.89 miles; 172,024 employes.) 
 
 Constituted, as to joint pension scheme, along same lines 
 as recited for the Relief Department (vide supra). 
 
142 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Distinct department. 
 
 Lines East. 
 Associated companies. 
 
 Department of Lines East of Pittsburgh established Jan- 
 uary 1, 1900, and of Lines West January 1, 1901, both 
 Departments being conducted on the same general plan, 
 and as distinct departments of the service. 
 
 Lines East: 
 
 Following companies are associated in joint administra- 
 tion of Pension Department of Lines East of Pittsburgh, 
 known as " The Pennsylvania Railroad Pension Depart- 
 ment," viz.: 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company, 
 
 Northern Central Railway Company, 
 
 Philadelphia, Baltimore & Washington Railroad Company , 
 
 West Jersey & Seashore Railroad Company, 
 
 Philadelphia & Camden Ferry Company. 
 
 Lines West. 
 Associated companies. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Lines West : 
 
 Following companies are associated in joint administra- 
 tion of "The Pension Department of The Pennsylvania 
 Lines West of Pittsburgh," viz.: 
 Pennsylvania Company, 
 
 Pittsburgh, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway 
 Company, 
 
 Grand Rapids & Indiana Railway Company, 
 Terre Haute & Logansport Railway Company, 
 Cincinnati & Muskingum Valley Railroad Company, 
 Waynesburg & Washington Railroad Company, 
 Cincinnati, Lebanon & Northern Railway Company, 
 Wheeling Terminal Railway Company. 
 
 Both Departments, under the President of the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad Company, in charge of a Board of Officers, 
 appointed annually by respective Boards of Directors, to 
 serve for one year or until their successors are appointed; 
 these Boards of Officers electing their own Chairman and 
 Secretary. The Board of Officers of the Lines of the 
 System East of Pittsburgh comprises the following officers 
 of the Railroad Company: the Vice-Presidents, the 
 General Manager, and the Comptroller; and that of the 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 143 
 
 Lines of the System West of Pittsburgh includes the same 
 list of officers. 
 
 Age limit for 
 entrance to service. 
 
 Maximum age limit for entrance to service, 35 years, 
 with the following exceptions : 
 
 a. — Former employes may be re-employed within a 
 period of three years from time of leaving the service. 
 
 b. — Persons may, irrespective of age limit, be employed 
 where service involved requires professional or other 
 special qualifications. 
 
 c. — Persons may be temporarily taken into the service, 
 regardless of age limit, for a period not exceeding 
 six months, subject to extension when necessary to 
 complete the work for which engaged. 
 
 d. — Employment of persons under conditions "a" and 
 "b" must have approval of Board of Directors. 
 
 These conditions as to age limit for entrance to service 
 are, it may be observed, in vogue with all railway pension 
 schemes in this country. 
 
 Motive for maximum 
 service entrance age. 
 
 Employment in the Company's service is generally 
 accepted as permanent, and the Company, so viewing the 
 matter, made provision accordingly in the organization of 
 the Pension Department, by limiting the age to 35 years. 
 The motive for establishing this age restriction was to 
 provide a basis of Department operation under which 
 employes in the future, after the starting period, would 
 be retired from the service and carried on the pension-roll 
 at age 65 with 30 years' service. That is, under the present 
 workings of the Department it will be merely a matter of a 
 few years when the application of this age limitation feature 
 will bring about a condition under which all pension bene- 
 ficiaries will have been in the Company's service for not 
 less than 30 years previous to their retirement on pension 
 
144 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Basis of allowance. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 allowance, and will, in consequence, receive not less than 
 30 per centum of their average wages for the 10 years next 
 preceding such retirement. The adoption of this fixed 
 age limit does not, however, preclude re-employment of 
 former employes aged over 35 years, for the reason that 
 this privilege is accorded them provided they have not 
 been out of the service for more than three years (vide 
 clause "a," p. 143) and the companies have positions to 
 which they may be assigned. This three-year period is 
 deemed sufficient to enable employes to decide whether or 
 not they desire re-employment, and at the same time such 
 absence from the service does not destroy the feature of 
 the employes, at the retiring age, having been in the 
 service such a number of years as to give them the benefit 
 of a fair pension allowance. 
 
 Compulsory retirement at age 70, and voluntary retire- 
 ment, for incapacitation, between ages 65 and 69, both 
 inclusive, and 30 years' service. 
 
 Pension allowance is based on age and service, and is 
 computed on basis of one (1) per centum of average monthly 
 pay for the 10 years next preceding retirement. 
 
 Number of pensioners as of December 31, 1903, was 
 2,134, distributed as follows : 
 
 Lines East 1,599 
 
 Lines West 535 
 
 2,134 
 
 Deaths since inauguration to end of 1903 numbered 644, 
 with following distribution : 
 
 Lines East 527 
 
 Lines West 117 
 
 644 
 
 Undertaking is financed wholly by Company contribu- 
 tions, made up : 
 
 Lines East of Pittsburgh, maximum annual appropriation 
 of $390,000. 
 
 Lines West of Pittsburgh, maximum annual appropriation 
 of $150,000. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 145 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Whenever it is found the basis of pension allowances 
 creates demands in excess of annual appropriations, as 
 already announced, it is provided that a new basis may be 
 established involving ratable reduction of pension allow- 
 ances to a point that will bring expenditures within limita- 
 tion. 
 
 Responsibility for 
 Company contributions. 
 
 Responsibility is assumed by each Company associated in 
 administration of the Department for the amount it agrees 
 to contribute annually from its own moneys. 
 
 Outside employment. 
 
 Pensioners are permitted to engage in outside employment 
 while in receipt of pension allowance, but are not permitted 
 to re-enter the service. 
 
 Classification of pensioners. 
 
 Pensioners, for accounting and statistical purposes, are 
 classified as "70-year class" and "65-70-year class." 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Annual payments. 
 
 Total System expenditure for pension allowances since 
 inauguration, to and including December 31, 1903, aggre- 
 gated $1,560,315.44, distributed as follows: 
 
 Lines East $1,224,087.59 
 
 Lines West 336,227.85 
 
 $1,560,315.44 
 
 Total System expenditure for pension allowances during 
 1903 amounted to $487,714.47, with the following distri- 
 bution : 
 
 Lines East $359,374.32 
 
 Lines West 128,340.15 
 
 $487,714.47 
 
 Accounts and records. 
 
 Accounts and records are kept by the Secretary of the 
 Board of Officers, who has under his supervision the necessary 
 clerical force for the purpose, whose time is devoted to 
 work connected with the operation of the Department. 
 
146 
 
 Allowances charged to 
 operating expenses. 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Pension allowances paid retired employes are charged off 
 to "Operating Expenses" of the associated companies, 
 the Pension Department being exclusively conducted and 
 controlled by the roads, and financed directly and wholly 
 from their revenues. 
 
 Annual statements. 
 
 Annual statements of Department operations are compiled 
 and embodied in the annual reports of the Companies to 
 their stockholders. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Philadelphia & Reading Railway Company. 
 
 (1,467.8 miles; 23,721 employes.) 
 
 Pension system established January 1, 1903. 
 
 Officered and administered by the regular staff of the 
 Company. 
 
 Service age. 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Maximum service entrance age, 35 years. 
 
 Retirements: Compulsory at age 70, with 30 years' 
 continuous service; and voluntary, for incapacitation, 
 between ages 65 and 69, inclusive, with 30 years' continuous 
 service. 
 
 Permanent disablement 
 allowance. 
 
 Any faithful employe of the Company, irrespective or 
 age or length of service, who receives injuries in perform- 
 ance of duty which totally incapacitate him for regular of 
 other vocation, or who through sickness becomes so inca- 
 pacitated, may be awarded such sum, as a pension, for such 
 length of time as the President of the Company may deter- 
 mine. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Company makes an annual maximum appropriation of 
 $75,000. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, $19,073.19. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 147 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 Deaths. 
 
 Pensioners at end of 1903, 89. 
 Deaths since inauguration, 3. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Management. 
 
 Service age. 
 
 Retirement. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railway Company. 
 
 (687.4 miles; 1,991 employes.) 
 
 Department established January 1, 1903. 
 
 Administration of Department is by a Board of Officers, 
 known as the Board of Pensions, consisting of the following 
 Company officers: Vice-President, Superintendent of Trans- 
 portation, Superintendent of Motive Power, Superintendent 
 Maintenance of Way, Auditor, General Counsel, and Chief 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Maximum service entrance ages are 35 years for inex- 
 perienced and 45 years for experienced men. 
 
 Retirement regulations same as for Oregon Railroad & 
 Navigation Company (vide supra). 
 
 Financed wholly by Company contribution, consisting of 
 an investment fund of $7,500, the interest from which is 
 applied to payment of pensions, and when such accrued 
 interest is not sufficient to discharge Department expenses, 
 the Company makes a further annual appropriation of 
 $5,000 as often as such condition arises. 
 
 No pensioners. 
 
 Pacifio System. 
 
 Sunset Route. 
 
 Southern Pacific System. 
 Pacific System. 
 
 (5,831 miles; 31,766 employes.) 
 
 "Sunset Route." 
 
 (1,621 miles; 11,672 employes.) 
 
148 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Both Departments established January 1, 1903 ; that of the 
 "Sunset Route" being known as the Pension System of the 
 Texas & New Orleans Railroad Company. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Pacific System: 
 
 Administration by a Board of Officers, known as Board 
 of Pensions, consisting, until otherwise ordered, of the 
 following officers of the Company: Assistant to President, 
 Manager of Pacific System, Engineer Maintenance of Way, 
 General Superintendent Motive Power, Auditor, General 
 Counsel, and Chief Surgeon. 
 
 Service age. 
 
 " Sunset Route:" 
 
 Administration by Board of Pensions, same as for Pacific 
 System, consisting, until otherwise ordered, of following 
 officers of the Company : Vice-President, Manager, Engineer 
 Maintenance of Way, Superintendent Motive Power, 
 Auditor, General Attorney, and Chief Surgeon. 
 
 Maximum service entrance ages for both Departments 
 are 35 years for inexperienced and 45 years for experienced 
 men. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Retirement. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Financed : 
 
 Pacific System : $100,000 set aside as pension fund, in 
 
 addition to which Company makes each year, if 
 
 necessary, further appropriation not exceeding 
 
 $90,000. 
 Sunset Route: $25,000 set apart as pension fund, 
 
 and further annual appropriation not exceeding 
 
 $17,500 provided for. 
 
 Retirement provisions same as for Oregon Railroad & 
 Navigation Company (vide supra). 
 
 Number of pensioners, "Pacific System," 110. 
 
 Deaths since inauguration, "Pacific System," 8. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 149 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Management. 
 
 Service age. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Union Pacific Railroad Company. 
 
 (2,933.7 miles; 15,338 employes.) 
 
 System established February 1, 1903. 
 
 Administration by a Board of Officers, known as Board 
 of Pensions, consisting, until otherwise ordered, of following 
 officers of the Company: General Auditor, General 
 Solicitor, Chief Engineer, Superintendent of Transportation, 
 Superintendent Motive Power and Machinery, and Chief 
 Surgeon. 
 
 Maximum service entrance ages are 35 years for in- 
 experienced and 45 years for experienced men. 
 
 Retirement: Compulsory, for sedentary grades, at age 
 70, with 20 years' service, and for active grades, at age 65, 
 with same service. Voluntary retirement, for incapacitation, 
 between ages 61 and 69, inclusive, with same service. 
 
 $100,000 set apart as a pension fund, in addition to which 
 a further annual appropriation not to exceed $50,000 is 
 provided for. 
 
 Pensioners, 31. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, $6,296.39. 
 
 Deaths since inauguration, 2. 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Management. 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Canadian Pacific Railway Company. 
 
 (8,183 miles; 35,132 employes.) 
 
 Department established January 1, 1903. 
 
 Administration is by a Committee composed of the 
 following officers of the Company: President (who is 
 ex-officio Chairman), the Vice-Presidents, and the Chief 
 Solicitor. A Secretary is appointed, who has charge of 
 Department records. 
 
150 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 General. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 Retirement: Compulsory at age 65, with 10 years' 
 service. Voluntary retirement, for incapacitation, between 
 ages 60 and 65. Provision is also made for retirement before 
 age 60, on account of disability, regardless of age or service. 
 Retirements are made effective from the first days of 
 January or July in each year. 
 
 $250,000 set apart as an investment or pension fund, with 
 provision for further annual appropriation not to exceed 
 $80,000. There is no provision for ratable reduction in 
 allowances, the amounts named being intended to meet all 
 Department expenditure. 
 
 Other features same as common to roads in United States 
 {vide supra). 
 
 Number of pensioners, 94. 
 
 Proposed pension scheme. 
 
 Intercolonial Railway of Canada. 
 
 (1,342 miles; 5,525 employes.) 
 
 This Company has under consideration a pension scheme 
 for its employes. Preliminary work upon scheme details 
 has not advanced far enough to admit of report thereon. 
 
 General comment. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 As a rule pension schemes in Great Britain call for con- 
 tributions by employes and compulsory membership. 
 Those on the wage list only are affected by these schemes. 
 Under this arrangement there is entailed refunds where 
 non-pensioned member dies, or where a member is dis- 
 missed or leaves the service. The retirement ages are 
 lower than with the American roads, but the service period 
 is very similar. 
 
 Great Central Railway. 
 
 (468 miles; 20.1S1 employes.) 
 
 inauguration oid-Age Fund. Great Central Railway Mutual Provident Society Accident 
 and Old- Age Fund, effective July 1, 1874. 
 
Objects. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Contribution. 
 
 Company"payments. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Insurance. 
 
 Disablement. 
 
 Old age. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 151 
 
 Provides pecuniary relief in case of death or disablement 
 arising from accident while in discharge of duties, and for 
 pensions in old age. 
 
 Affairs administered by the Executive Committee of 
 the Company's Mutual Provident Society (vide supra, 
 p. 90). 
 
 Members contribute 2d. per week. 
 
 Up to June 30, 1898, aggregate contributions by Com- 
 pany amounted to ,£7,486 6s. 6d., Company payments 
 having been discontinued since that date. 
 
 Benefit allowances are as follows: 
 
 1. — Insurance allowance (if killed on duty): 
 
 Under 10 years' membership, ,£50. 
 Over 10 years' membership, ,£60. 
 
 2. — Disablement allowance (injured on duty) : 
 
 5s. per week. 
 
 Loss of eye, hand, or foot, ,£50, and an artificial 
 limb. 
 
 3. — Old-age disablement allowance: 
 
 7s. per week at 60 years, after 20 years' contribu- 
 tion, if unable to work. 
 
 7s. per week under 60 years, after 25 years' con- 
 tribution, if unable to work. 
 
 Receipts since inauguration, ,£75,038 3s. Id., made up: 
 
 From membership .£53,595 12s. Id. 
 
 *From Company ... 7,486 6s. 6d. 
 
 Interest 13,954 10s. Id. 
 
 Sundries 1 14s. 5d. 
 
 * Company ceased contributing June 30, 1898. 
 
152 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Disbursements since inauguration, ,£39,815 18s. Id., made 
 
 up: 
 
 Insurance payments ,£13,530 
 
 Disablement payments 20,391 
 
 * Pensions 4,259 
 
 Operating expenses __ 1,634 
 
 0s. 
 
 Od. 
 
 3s. 
 
 2d. 
 
 17s. 
 
 8d. 
 
 17s. 
 
 3d. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Pensioners. 
 
 Company Retiring Plan. 
 
 Allowance formula. 
 
 Membership, July 1, 1904, 12,623. 
 Number of members in receipt of pensions, 128. 
 Great Central Railway Retiring Allowances: 
 
 At present the Company compulsorily retires all servants 
 at age 65, and has made provision for the staff so retired, 
 who have completed 25 years' service and are not members 
 of Railway Clearing System Superannuation Fund Corpora- 
 tion, to receive an allowance calculated as follows: 
 
 Average weekly wage for 10 years X years of service. 
 65 X 2 
 
 In the case of men retired for incapacity before reaching 
 65 the number 65 in above formula is thus changed, viz.: 
 
 At age 64 substitute 66 
 63 " 67 
 
 62 " 68 
 
 61 " 69 
 
 60 " 70 
 
 Minimum and maximum. Minimum allowance, 5s. per week; maximum, 15s. per 
 
 week. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Plan was put in force October 1, 1903, and will continue 
 until December 31, 1904, when the question will be recon- 
 sidered. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Conducted exclusively by Company management, em- 
 ployes making no contributions towards benefit allowances. 
 
 * Pension benefits commenced July 1, 1896. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 153 
 
 Number participants. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 New Pension Fund. 
 
 Number of persons receiving these allowances July 1, 
 1904, was 220, total weekly payments amounting to .£92 
 10s. 4d., or an average of 8s. 5d. per man weekly. 
 
 Great Eastern Railway. 
 
 (1.182.5 miles.) 
 
 A. — Operates "New Pension Fund," established January 
 1, 1899, which is practically a reconstitution of the Pension 
 Fund established under Company General Powers Act of 
 1890. 
 
 Age limit. 
 
 Contributions and annual 
 allowances. 
 
 Refunds based on premature 
 retirement. 
 
 Membership admission ages, 18 to 25 years. 
 
 Schedule of Contributions and Annual Retirement 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Class 
 
 Weekly 
 Contribu- 
 tions 
 
 65 years, 
 with 30 
 years' con- 
 tributions 
 
 Between 55 and 65 
 
 years, with 30 years' 
 contributions 
 
 Between 55 and 65 
 
 years, with 20 years' 
 contributions 
 
 
 Minimum Maximum 
 
 Minimum 
 
 Maximum 
 
 1 
 2 
 3 
 4 
 
 d. 
 5 
 4 
 3 
 2 
 
 £ 
 25 
 20 
 15 
 10 
 
 £ £ a. 
 20 24 
 16 19 4 
 12 1 14 8 
 8 9 12 
 
 £ 
 
 15 
 
 12 
 
 9 
 
 6 
 
 £ s. 
 24 
 19 4 
 14 8 
 9 12 
 
 Minimum and- maximum allowances are based on age. 
 
 Retirement when member is under age 55 years, but 
 after his contributions amount in aggregate to total amount 
 of contributions applicable to his class for 20 years, 
 entitles him to refund of total amount of his contribu- 
 tions, together with simple interest at 4 per centum per 
 annum on the aggregate of his contributions in each year 
 as from last day of year in which such contributions 
 respectively were made, and in addition thereto the Pen- 
 sion Committee may award him such further allowance 
 as it considers reasonable, not exceeding in amount three- 
 fourths of total amount so to be refunded to him. 
 
 When such retirement takes place before contributions 
 aggregate total amount of contributions applicable to his 
 class for 20 years, but after he has attained age 55 years, 
 he is refunded total amount of his contributions, together 
 
154 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 with interest as indicated in preceding paragraph, and in 
 addition Pension Committee may award further allowance 
 not exceeding two-thirds of total amount so to be refunded 
 as aforesaid. 
 
 In case member retires, otherwise than as stated in two 
 preceding paragraphs, through ill health, he is refunded 
 total amount of his contributions, together with simple 
 interest at 4 per centum per annum on aggregate of his 
 contributions in each year as from last day of year in which 
 such contributions were made. 
 
 Payments after death. 
 
 Death before becoming a 
 pensioner. 
 
 Where member dies, after becoming a pensioner or while 
 in receipt of retiring allowance, but before payments to him 
 by way of pension or retiring allowance have reached a sum 
 equal to twice the amount of his contributions, the differ- 
 ence between such sum and the aggregate payments made 
 to him by way of pension or retiring allowance, is paid to 
 the personal representatives of such member or other 
 persons entitled to receive same, but without interest. 
 
 When member dies before becoming a pensioner his 
 personal or other representatives are entitled to receive a 
 sum equal to twice the amount of his contributions, but 
 without interest. 
 
 Resigning from service. 
 
 Payment periods. 
 
 Where a member voluntarily or on notice from Company 
 (except for dishonesty or fraud) retires from the service, 
 he is refunded all his contributions with simple interest at 
 the rate of 3 per centum per annum on the aggregate of 
 such contributions in each year from the last day of the 
 year in which such contributions were respectively made. 
 
 All pensions and periodical allowances are paid weekly 
 fortnightly, or monthly, as the Pension Committee may 
 from time to time determine. 
 
 Back payments. 
 
 Where employes join the Fund at ages above the maximum 
 age for entrance thereto, they make additional contribu- 
 tions (back payments), according to age at joining, also con- 
 formably with prescribed schedules of contributions, and 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 155 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 New Supplemental 
 Pension Fund. 
 
 Basis for joining. 
 
 Contributions and annual 
 allowances. 
 
 on a weekly basis, in such amounts and for such periods 
 as are necessary to bring about full discharge of such back 
 payments by the time they are aged 55 or 65 years; this 
 plan being productive of general equalization of membership 
 contributions and systematic payment of pension or retir- 
 ing allowances. 
 
 Railway Company makes good Fund deficiencies. 
 
 B. — New Supplemental Pension Fund, established January 
 1, 1899, having been organized to enable employes in wage 
 list receiving the higher wage compensation to increase 
 their pension allowances, membership being divided into 
 two classes, namely, "A" and "B." 
 
 Servants receiving wages at rate of 35s. per week or over 
 or of 5s. lOd. per day or more may join either class — "A" 
 or "B " ; but those receiving less than wages just named can 
 join only Class B. Member of Class B may on becoming 
 eligible, or within three months thereafter, join Class A; 
 provided always that every member of B who joins A shall 
 as from time of joining latter class contribute 3d. for each 
 7d. he contributed as a member of B, in addition to lOd. per 
 week to be contributed by him as member of A, together 
 with compound interest at rate of 4 per centum per annum 
 on each such 3d. from time when same would have been 
 paid if such member had originally joined A until payment 
 thereof. 
 
 Members of both this Fund and the "New Pension Fund " 
 (vide supra) cease to be members upon becoming members 
 of the Superannuation Fund. 
 
 Schedule of Weekly Contributions and Annual 
 Retiring Allowances. 
 
 Class 
 
 Weekly 
 contribu- 
 tions 
 
 Pension 
 at 65 years, 
 
 with 30 
 years' con- 
 tributions 
 
 Retiring Allowance 
 
 between 55 and 65 
 
 years, with 30 years' 
 
 contributions 
 
 Retiring Allowance 
 
 between 55 and 65 
 
 years, with 20 years' 
 
 contributions 
 
 
 Minimum Maximum 
 
 Minimum Maximum 
 
 A 
 B 
 
 d. 
 10 
 
 7 
 
 £ 
 50 
 35 
 
 £ s. 
 40 
 28 
 
 £ s. £ s. 
 48 30 
 33 12 21 
 
 £ s. 
 48 
 33 12 
 
156 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Compulsory. 
 Retirement age. 
 Allowances. 
 
 Average age. 
 Financing. 
 
 Extra payments. 
 Pension basis. 
 
 Receipts. 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Commutation. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 Widows and 
 Orphans' Fund. 
 
 Great Western Railway. 
 
 (2,711 miles; 64,699 employes.) 
 
 Conducts the "Great Western Railway Company's 
 Servants' Pension Fund," established in 1880, and effective 
 in 1885. 
 
 Membership compulsory, at option of Directors of Com- 
 pany. 
 
 Retirement: Age must be 55 years and upwards; mem- 
 bership must be 30 years and upwards; entitled on retire- 
 ment to a pension or superannuation allowance of 10s. pet- 
 week, with an additional allowance of Is. per week for every 
 completed term of five years' membership beyond the first 
 30 years. 
 
 Average age of retirement, 62^ years. 
 
 Maintained by membership contributions and an annual 
 subscription by Company equal in amount to aggregate 
 of membership contributions. 
 
 Members make extraordinary payments when necessary 
 to keep amount invested up to ,£40,000. 
 
 Age and service basis of determining pension ; computation 
 made on years of membership. 
 
 Receipts during year ended December 31, 1903, .£23,669. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, about 
 ,£200,000. 
 
 Commutation of allowances by payment of lump sum 
 permitted. 
 
 Pensioners at end of 1903, 793. 
 
 Distinct departments deal with the Servants' Pension 
 and the Widows and Orphans' Fund. 
 
 Total membership. 
 
 Membership at end of 1903, 15,500. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 157 
 
 Great Western Railway 
 Pension Society. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Membership age. 
 
 Voluntary. 
 Financing. 
 
 Contributions and 
 allowances. 
 
 Great Western Railway Pension Society. 
 
 ' ' Great Western Railway Pension Society ' ' succeeded ' ' Great 
 Western Railway Company's Servants' Pension Fund" 
 on March 28, 1904. 
 
 Administration is by a Committee of Management 
 (appointed at each Annual General Meeting), consisting of a 
 Chairman and six other members; the Trustees, three in 
 number, chosen from the Directors and principal officers 
 of Company (who continue in office until death, resignation, 
 or removal) ; a Secretary ; a Treasurer ; and Auditors, two 
 in number, one elected by members and the other appointed 
 by Companv. Once at least in ever}' five years the assets and 
 liabilities of Society (including the estimated risks and 
 contributions) are valued in manner provided by Friendly 
 Societies Act, 1896. 
 
 Employes between ages 18 and 30 years, both inclusive, 
 are eligible to membership. 
 
 Membership voluntary. 
 
 Maintained by membership contributions, and an annual 
 contribution by the Company of £2,000 during the first 
 quinquennial period. 
 
 Members of the old fund contribute for and receive the 
 following allowances : 
 
 Contribution. Pension Allowance. 
 
 Weekly. Weekly. 
 
 3d...__ 3s. 
 
 4d 4s. 
 
 5d._ - 5s. 
 
 Contributions and allowances for new members: 
 
 For a pension of 5s. per week: 
 
 Age Next Birthday. Weekly Payment. 
 
 19 4d. 
 
 20 5d. 
 
 21 - 5d. 
 
 22 5d. 
 
 23 5d. 
 
 24 5d. 
 
 25 - 6d. 
 
 26 6d. 
 
 27 6d. 
 
 28 7d. 
 
 29 7d. 
 
 30 7d. 
 
158 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Pensions are payable as follows: 
 To old members after attaining age of 60 years. 
 To new members after attaining age of 65 years. 
 
 Incapacitation allowance. 
 
 In case of retirement from service in consequence of 
 incapacity from accident or infirmity of body or mind, not 
 result of misconduct, pension is paid: 
 
 To old member irrespective of age provided his period 
 of membership has not been less than 30 years, and to 
 new member between ages 60 and 65 years. 
 
 Other disablement 
 allowance. 
 
 To member (other than non-service members) not 
 entitled to pension under foregoing provision, but who 
 becomes permanently disabled from following usual employ- 
 ment, or from earning wages in excess of 10s. a week and 
 to whom Provident Society (vide supra, p. 96) grants sick 
 pay allowance of 4s. a week, the Pension Society will grant 
 a pension of 2s. 6d. a week, to continue so long as Provident 
 Society sick pay allowance continues, or until such member 
 attains 60 years, if an old member, or 65 years, if a new 
 member, when full pension will be payable, member pay- 
 ing contributions until full pension accrues; where such 
 member at time Society grants pension of 2s. 6d. a week 
 had at least a 15-year period of membership to his credit, 
 the full pension will be payable when his period of member- 
 ship reaches 30 years, if an old member, or upon attaining 
 age 60, if a new member. 
 
 Increased pension. 
 
 Member before attaining age 50 may contribute, accord- 
 ing to prescribed schedule, for an increased pension, to 
 accrue as regards old members on reaching age 60, and new 
 member on attaining age 65, provided, however, that the 
 total pension allowance shall not exceed 10s. per week. 
 
 Members leaving service or 
 dying before pension. 
 
 Member leaving service, with membership of less than 10 
 years, receives back whole of his contributions. 
 
 Member leaving service, with membership of 10 years 
 and over, has option of continuing membership, or, in lieu 
 thereof, receives back whole of his contributions. Member 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 159 
 
 Member dying before 
 pension. 
 
 Commutation. 
 
 exercising the option of continuing membership (styled 
 "non-service member") is entitled to withdraw from 
 Society at any time and be repaid whole of his contributions 
 less any sums received by way of pension. 
 
 Member dying before receiving pension gets back whole 
 of his contributions; or where member dies after receiving 
 pension, the balance, if any, between amount so received 
 and amount of his contributions is paid to person nominated, 
 under prescribed conditions, to receive same. 
 
 Contributions returned under above provisions are repaid 
 without interest. 
 
 Commutation of allowances by payment of lump sum 
 permitted. 
 
 Supplemental pension 
 arrangement. 
 
 Supplemental Pensions by the Great Western Railway Com- 
 pany: 
 
 From and after March 28, 1904, the Railway Company 
 pays supplemental pensions to members of the Pension 
 Fund : 
 
 a. — To members in receipt of pension, one-half the 
 
 amount thereof. 
 b. — To members leaving service or dying before pension 
 
 (non-service members excepted) : 
 1. — 40 years' service and upwards, pension equal 
 
 to one-fourth of weekly wages. 
 
 2. — Less than 40 but not less than 30 years' service, 
 
 pension calculated on same basis, but reduced in 
 
 same proportion as years of service are less than 40. 
 
 3. — Maximum and minimum supplemental pensions: 
 
 Number of Years' Service 
 
 Company's Supplemental Pension 
 per Week 
 
 Maximum Minimum 
 
 
 15s. Od. 4s. Od. 
 
 
 15s. Od. 5s. Od. 
 
 
 1 
 
 * Intervening years between 30 and 40 call for allowance on graduated ascend- 
 ing scale. 
 
160 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Basis of allowance. 
 
 4. — For old member Company's supplemental pension 
 will be not less than the difference between Society's 
 pension of 5s. a week and the pension for which 
 rules of Pension Fund provided: 
 
 Length of Mem- 
 bership of Pension 
 Fund and Society 
 combined 
 
 Pension provided 
 
 by Rules of 
 
 Pension Fund 
 
 30 to 34 years 
 completed... 
 
 50 years and up- 
 wards completed* 
 
 10s. Od. 
 
 Od. 
 
 Society's 
 Pension 
 
 5s. 
 5s. 
 
 Od. 
 Od. 
 
 Minimum Supple- 
 mental Pension 
 
 5s. Od. 
 
 9s. Od.* 
 
 Completed years of service only are taken into account 
 for the purpose of arriving at amount of Company's supple- 
 mental pension, which is calculated upon average weekly 
 rate of wages of member for his last three years of service. 
 
 London & North Western Railway. 
 
 (1,945* miles; 82,835 employes.) 
 
 List of pension 
 undertakings. 
 
 Pension undertakings on account of employes of the 
 Company will be treated under the following heads, and in 
 the order named, viz.: 
 
 a. — London & North Western Railway Provident and 
 
 Pension Society. f 
 b. — London & North Western Railway Provident 
 
 Society. f 
 c. — London & North Western Railway Supplemental 
 
 Pension Fund. 
 d. — London & North Western Railway Locomotive 
 
 Foremen's Pension Fund. 
 e. — London & North Western Railway Provident 
 Society for Providing Pensions for Widows and 
 Orphans of members of the Salaried Staff. 
 
 * Intervening years, 35 to 49, both inclusive, call for allowances on graduated 
 ascending scale. 
 
 t The Provident Society, although combined in the title " Provident and 
 Insurance Society," is invested with distinctive features calling for separate 
 consideration. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 161 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Scales of payments and 
 benefits. 
 
 a.— London & North Western Railway Provident 
 and Pension Society. 
 
 Provident Society established January 1, 1874. Pension 
 Fund established May 1, 1883. The two funds, forming 
 the present Provident and Pension Society, were amalga- 
 mated January 1, 1889. 
 
 Object of Society is to provide the following benefits to 
 its members:* 
 
 a — a weekly allowance in cases of temporary disable- 
 ment for work. 
 
 b. — A retiring gratuity for old or disabled members in 
 certain cases. 
 
 c. — A death allowance to the representatives of de- 
 ceased members. 
 
 d. — An allowance towards the funeral expenses on the 
 death of a member's wife. 
 
 e. — A pension to old or disabled members. 
 
 Retirements are regulated in accordance with the follow- 
 ing scales of payments and benefits — namely, Scale A, 
 Scale B, Scale C, and Scale D : 
 
 SCALE A. 
 Scale A provides as follows: 
 
 1st Class.— Members not under 18 years of age and receiving wages 
 of 12s. per week and upwards, contribute 7d. per week; sum 
 insured in case of temporary disablement for work owing to 
 sickness or accident incurred while not in discharge of duty, or 
 from any cause not provided for in rules of Society, subject to six 
 months' membership, is 12s. per week, during disablement, not 
 exceeding 52 weeks; sum insured in case of death from other 
 causes than that provided for by rules of Society under head of 
 Accident on Duty, deceased having been a member during six 
 months immediately preceding death, £10; payment upon death 
 of member's wife towards funeral expenses subject to approval 
 of committee in each case, and also to condition that member has 
 
 * Note. — Payments above referred to, in clauses " a " and " b, " restricted to 
 cases of disablement arising from other causes than accident on duty, and in 
 clause " c " to cases of death from other causes than accident on duty, except in 
 those cases in which Company liability under Workmen's Compensation Act does 
 not exceed £10. 
 
162 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 been in Society six months, and that death takes place during 
 membership, sum not exceeding £5; retiring gratuity to be paid to 
 member in event of becoming disqualified for duty and leaving 
 service before attaining the age of 60 (after which age is entitled 
 to pension of 12s. per week), viz.: 
 
 Class 
 
 After 5 and 
 not exceeding 
 
 io years' 
 membership 
 
 After io and 
 not exceeding 
 
 15 years' 
 membership 
 
 After 15 and 
 not exceeding ; After 20 years' 
 20 years' membership 
 membership 
 
 1st class 
 
 £12 10s. 
 
 12 10s. 
 
 6 5s. 
 
 £25 Os. 
 25 Os. 
 12 10s. 
 
 £37 10s. 
 37 10s. 
 18 15s. 
 
 £50 
 
 2nd class 
 
 50 
 
 3rd class 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 Weekly pension payable after age of 65, or after age of 60 if dis- 
 qualified for work, 12s. for 1st class and 9s. for 2nd class; weekly 
 pension after 20 years' membership if disqualified for work before 
 attaining the age of 60, 5s. Od. for 1st class and 3s. 6d. for 2nd class. 
 
 2nd Class. — Membership age and wage earning same as for 1st class, 
 weekly payments 6d.; and allowances same as for 1st class, as 
 above, except for weekly pension payment features as indicated. 
 
 3rd Class. — Members under 18 years of age or receiving wages of less 
 than 12s. per week, weekly payments 2d., receive half rates, but 
 they do not participate in weekly pension payment features. 
 
 SCALE B. 
 Scale B provides as follows: 
 
 Pertains to 1st and 2nd class members only , provision operating under 
 
 same general headings as given for Scale "A" hereof. 
 Weekly payments, members not under 18 years and receiving 12s. 
 
 per week and upwards in wages, 1st class, 7d.; 2nd class, 6d. 
 
 Disablement allowance, not exceeding 52 weeks, 1st class, 12s.; 
 
 2nd class, 12s. Death allowance, 1st class, £10; 2nd class, £10; 
 
 allowance for member's wife, 1st class and 2nd class, £5. Retiring 
 
 gratuity, viz.: 
 
 Class 
 
 After 5 and 
 not exceeding 
 
 10 years' 
 membership 
 
 After 10 and 
 not exceeding 
 
 15 years' 
 membership 
 
 After 15 and 
 not exceeding 
 
 20 years' 
 membership 
 
 After 20 years' 
 membership 
 
 1st class 
 
 £12 10s. 
 12 10s. 
 
 £25 0s. 
 25 0s. 
 
 £37 10s. 
 37 10s. 
 
 £50 
 
 2nd class 
 
 50 
 
 
 
 Weekly pension allowance after 65, or after 60 when disqualified, 
 1st class, 10s.; 2nd class, 7s. Weekly pension after 20 years' 
 membership, etc., 1st class, 5s. 0d.; 2nd class, 3s. 6d. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 163 
 
 SCALE C. 
 Scale C provides as follows: 
 
 Pertains to two classes, 1st composed of members receiving wages of 
 12s. per week and upwards, and 2nd consisting of those receiving 
 under 12s. per week. 
 
 Same general headings as for Scales "A" and "B" for both classes, 
 the two headings for pension payments being omitted. 
 
 1st class weekly payments, 5d.; 2nd class, 2d. Disablement benefits 
 not exceeding 52 weeks, 1st class, 12s. ; 2nd class, 6s. Death allow- 
 ance, 1st class, £10; 2nd class, £5; allowance on death of mem- 
 ber's wife, both classes, £5; retiring gratuity: 
 
 Proportions borne in 
 financing. 
 
 After 5 and 
 Class not exceeding 
 io years' 
 | membership 
 
 After io and 
 not exceeding 
 
 15 years' 
 membership 
 
 After 15 and 
 
 not exceeding After 20 year* 
 20 years' 1 membership 
 membership 
 
 1st class. 
 
 £12 10s. 
 
 6 5s. 
 
 £25 0s. 
 12 10s. 
 
 £37 10s. 
 18 15s. 
 
 £50 
 
 2nd class 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 SCALE D. 
 
 Class 
 
 Qualifications 
 
 Weekly 
 Payments 
 
 Weekly Pension, 
 after the age of 
 65, or after age 
 of 60 if disquali- 
 fied for work 
 
 Weekly Pension, 
 after 20 years' 
 membership if 
 disqualified for 
 work before at- 
 taining age of 60 
 
 1st class.. 
 2nd class. 
 
 Not under 18, and 
 receiving 12s. per 
 week and over 
 do 
 
 2d. 
 Id. 
 
 10s. 
 
 7s. 
 
 5s. Od. 
 3s. 6d. 
 
 Company contributes Id. per week per member, with a 
 maximum of .£6,000 per annum-. The proportions borne 
 by the Company and the members in financing the organiza- 
 tions are: 
 
 Company, about one-third. 
 
 Members, about two-thirds. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Fund is open to all regularly appointed weekly wages 
 staff excepting the Locomotive Department (vide infra), 
 and the staff of most of the lines in which the Company is 
 jointly interested are also admitted. 
 
164 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Age limit. 
 
 Maximum age limit for entrance to Company's service 
 varies in different departments of the service. The maximum 
 age for new entrants to the Fund is 45 years. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Voluntary retirement upon attaining age of 65 years; 
 involuntary retirement being governed by state of health 
 in relation to fitness to continue performance of duties 
 incident to position in service. 
 
 Basis of allowance. 
 
 Basis for determining pension allowance : Class in Fund, 
 age, and qualifying membership. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Provision for levying two additional weekly contributions 
 during a period of three months, to meet deficiencies, also for 
 modifying scale of payments and benefits in same relation. 
 
 Commutation. 
 
 Commutation of allowance permissible. In agreeing 
 upon a sum, there is taken into consideration the weekly 
 amount, conditions of pensioner's health, and his age. 
 
 Average retirement age. 
 
 Average age of retirement on full pensions (at age 60 and 
 upwards), 65 years; and on half pensions (under age 60), 
 52 years. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Receipts per annum aggregate ,£17,280. 
 
 Total disbursements. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, ,£128,741 
 18s. 3d. 
 
 Total operating expense. Expenditure for fund operation since inauguration, 
 
 £11,425 18s. Od. 
 
 Number contributing 
 members. 
 
 Members contributing for pension benefits, Scales "A," 
 "B," and "C" (vide supra), December 31, 1903, numbered 
 41,090. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 165 
 
 Number pensioners. Number in receipt of pension December 31, 1903, was 
 
 1,165. 
 
 Number deceased 
 pensioners. 
 
 Number of pensioners deceased, or pensions commuted, 
 535. 
 
 Balance. 
 
 Balance to Society's credit at close of 1903, £225,638 
 6s. 2d. 
 
 -London & North Western Railway Provident 
 Society. 
 
 General. 
 
 While in this report the "Provident Society" is referred 
 to as forming a part of the ' ' Provident and Pension Society" 
 (vide p. 161), the pension feature only is discussed under the 
 latter heading, and there will next be given brief presentation 
 of characteristics pertaining to the provident feature. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Provident Society was formed January 1, 1874. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 No entrance fee. 
 
 Object was to provide allowance in cases of disablement 
 due to sickness or accident when not on duty, also an 
 allowance at death of a member from other causes than 
 accident on duty ; also an allowance at death of a member's 
 wife; and, also, a retiring gratuity was later added — the 
 retiring gratuity will, however, eventually be largely merged 
 in the pension feature (vide supra, Scale "A"), which will 
 thereby be increased from 7s. and 10s. to 9s. and 12s. 
 respectively. 
 
 No entrance fee, member becoming entitled to all benefits, 
 excepting the retiring gratuity, after six months' member- 
 ship. 
 
 > 
 
166 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Payments for provident benefits, apart from the pension, 
 are as follows: 
 
 Boys and others whose wages are under 12s. per week. 
 Those receiving 12s. per week or over. 
 
 Weekly 
 Premium 
 
 2d. 
 5d. 
 
 Sick allowance. 
 
 Sick allowance payable for a total period of 52 weeks at 
 following rates: 
 
 Class 
 
 Amount of 
 Allowance 
 
 1st class member. 
 
 12s. 
 
 2nd class member 
 
 6s. 
 
 
 
 All previous payments are included in calculating the 
 52 weeks unless a member has been free of the funds for 
 12 months. 
 
 Sick disbursements. 
 
 Weekly allowances, amounting in the aggregate to 
 £528,834 16s. lid. (including £6,217 12s. 6d. paid by 
 weekly installments for retiring gratuities or in excess of 
 52 weeks), have been paid to sick members since inaugura- 
 tion of the Society. 
 
 Extended sick allowance. 
 
 Committee of Management is empowered, in exceptional 
 cases of illness, extending beyond 52 weeks, during which 
 sick allowance has been paid according to scale, to grant 
 further sum not exceeding £10, either in one amount or in 
 weekly allowances ; it being understood that if member does 
 not eventually resume work, and is entitled to the retiring 
 gratuity, the amount paid in excess of 52 weeks' allowance 
 will be deducted therefrom. 
 
 Up to end of 1903 extended weekly allowances amounting 
 to £5,556 2s. Id. (in addition to payments in one sum to 
 extent of £920 Is. 2d.) had been granted. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 167 
 
 Natural death allowance. 
 
 Natural death allowance 
 
 Class 
 
 Amount of 
 Allowance 
 
 1st class member 
 
 £10 
 
 2nd class member 
 
 5 
 
 
 
 Disbursements for 
 natural death allowance. 
 
 Wives' death allowance. 
 
 Since allowance at death of a member was introduced 
 (to close of 1903), payments amounting to ,£52,966 9s. Id. 
 have been made to representatives of deceased members, 
 the average number of cases per annum, based on the 
 four-year period 1900 to 1903, inclusive, having been 319. 
 
 Wives' death allowance: 
 
 Class 
 
 1st class member. 
 
 Amount of 
 Allowance 
 
 £5 
 
 Disbursements account 
 of wives. 
 
 Since February 26, 1884, when this form of allowance 
 was first adopted, a total sum of ,£17,870 has been paid to 
 members on the death of their wives; the average expendi- 
 ture in this direction per annum being ,£1,095, based on 
 the four-year period, 1900-1903. 
 
 Retiring gratuities. 
 
 Retiring gratuities:* 
 
 1st class member. 
 
 Amount of Allowance 
 
 £12 10s. Od. for each completed period of 5 years' 
 membership, up to a total of £50 secured after 
 20 years' membership. 
 
 Note. — 2nd class members in Scale "C" {vide supra) correspond 
 with 3rd class members in Scale "A," 1st and 2nd class members 
 in Scales "A" and "B" being same for provident but different 
 for pension benefits. 
 
 * As all 2nd class members eventually become 1st class members, there are 
 naturally no claims from 2nd class members under this head. 
 
168 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Disbursements for 
 retiring gratuities. 
 
 Retiring gratuities amounting to £86,033 7s. Id. (in 
 addition to £661 10s. 5d. by weekly installments) have 
 been paid since this form of allowance was introduced, up 
 to end of 1903. 
 
 Company contribution. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Railway Company contributes £800 per annum on account 
 of the "provident" section of the ' ' Provident and Insurance 
 Society." 
 
 Number of provident members December 31, 1903, was 
 44,364, or about 54 per centum of total working force. 
 
 c. — London & North Western Railway Supplemental 
 Pension Fund. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 The Supplemental Pension Fund was introduced May 1, 
 
 1899. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Retirement provision. 
 
 Object is to provide an additional pension to that secured 
 through the "Provident and Pension Society," hereinbefore 
 treated {vide supra). 
 
 Membership consists of such persons as are members of 
 the "Provident and Pension Society," and who voluntarily 
 elect to join it. 
 
 Members on attaining age 65, and retiring, entitled to 
 allowance of 5s. per week. 
 
 Members between ages 60 and 65 unable, owing to failing 
 health or impaired energies, to continue work, entitled to 
 pension of 5s. per week ; but no member whose age on joining 
 exceeded 55 years is eligible for pension until contribution 
 has been made for a five-year period. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Fund managed by Committee of Management of "Pen- 
 sion and Provident Society," but is entirely separate from 
 and independent of that Society. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 169 
 
 Payment tables. 
 
 Table "A," no return 
 of premium. 
 
 Table "B," with return 
 of premium. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Balance. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Following are scales of payments under Fund operations : 
 
 TABLE "A." 
 (Based on five-year period, ages 20 to 60, inclusive — with no 
 return of premiums or interest at death or withdrawal.) 
 
 Age of Entrant Weekly Premium I Age of Entrant Weekly Premium 
 
 From 20 to 25.... 
 
 0s. 
 
 3d. 
 
 From 40 to 45.... 
 
 0s. lOd. 
 
 " 25 to 30.... 
 
 0s. 
 
 4d. 
 
 " 45 to 50.... 
 
 Is. 3d. 
 
 " 30 to 35..- 
 
 0s. 
 
 5d. 
 
 " 50 to 55.... 
 
 2s. 2d. 
 
 " 35 to 40.... 
 
 0s. 
 
 7d. 
 
 " 55 to 60.... 
 
 4s. 6d. 
 
 TABLE "B." 
 (With return of premiums and interest at 3 per centum thereon at 
 death or withdrawal.) 
 
 Age of Entrant Weekly Premium 
 
 1 Age of Entrant 
 
 Weekly Premium 
 
 From 20 to 25 j 0s. 4d. 
 
 " 25 to 30.... 0s. 6d. 
 " 30 to 35.... 0s. 8d. 
 " 35 to 40.... 0s. lid. 
 
 From 40 to 45.... 
 " 45 to 50... 
 " 50 to 55.... 
 " 55 to 60.... 
 
 Is. 3d. 
 Is. 9d. 
 2s. 9d. 
 5s. 6d. 
 
 Receipts to end of 1903, .£1,206 13s. 5d. 
 Average annual receipts, about £216. 
 
 Disbursements to end of 1903, about £122. 
 Average annual disbursements, £25. 
 
 Fund balance December 31, 1903, £1,084 17s. lOd. 
 
 Number of members, 70. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Objects. 
 
 d. — London & North Western Railway Locomotive 
 Foremen's Pension Fund. 
 
 Established May 1, 1889. 
 
 Objects are to provide pensions for members, qualified 
 by age or circumstance, and grant gratuities upon retire- 
 ment through lengthened sickness or permanent incapacity, 
 resulting in inability to attend to duty, before a pension 
 can be claimed under the rules. 
 
170 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Contributions are on following basis: 
 
 a. — Under 35 years of age, 4s. 4d. per month; over 35 
 but not more than 45 years of age, where ap- 
 pointed foreman or inspector, required to pay 
 back single premiums to age 35 by paying treble 
 the ordinary monthly premium until arrears are 
 cleared off. 
 
 b. — Railway Company contributes: 
 
 1. — Sum equal to 9d. per month for each member. 
 
 2. — Is. 6d. for each member enrolled paying double 
 
 premiums. 
 3. — 2s. 3d. for each member enrolled paying treble 
 
 premiums. 
 4. — On behalf of fund, such further sum as may be 
 
 required to make up not less than £250 per annum 
 
 in the aggregate. 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Pension claims paid on following scale: 
 
 a. — Where member joined not over 25 years of age, 
 
 26s. per week. 
 b. — Where over 25 but not over 30 years of age, 23s. 
 
 per week. 
 c. — Where over 30 years of age, 20s. per week. 
 
 Normal age. 
 
 Normal pensioning age, 60 years. 
 
 Refund under 25 years' 
 membership. 
 
 Permanent incapacitation within 25 years' membership, 
 and after six (6) months' absence from duty, entitles to 
 refund of payments to Fund, together with Railway Com- 
 pany's payments in member's behalf, as retiring gratuity. 
 
 Pension after 25 years' 
 membership. 
 
 Incapacitation after 25 years' membership entitles to 
 pension equal to such proportion of amount as would have 
 been paid at ages 60 or 65, as length of membership years 
 bears in completed years to number of years of contribution 
 incident to claiming actual pension allowance. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 171 
 
 Kefund on dismissal, etc. 
 
 Fund balance. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Number pensioned. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Member promoted to salaried staff and joining Superan- 
 nuation Fund Association (vide infra) of the Company, and 
 any member voluntarily leaving the service and not being 
 employed in any other department of Company, receives 
 back whole sum he contributed in premiums, less his pro- 
 portion of working expenses calculated at rate of 2s. per 
 annum; the same provision for refund also applying to any 
 member dismissed the service for any cause other than 
 drunkenness or acts of criminal misconduct. 
 
 Amount standing to credit of Fund membership April 
 30, 1904, £6,725 18s. 6£d. 
 
 Disbursements for pensions during year ending April 30, 
 1904, £867 4s. Od. 
 
 Number of members pensioned since organization, 30. 
 
 Number of deaths among pensioners since organization, 1 1 . 
 
 Number of members on Fund register April 30, 1904, 194. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Objects. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 e. — London & North Western Railway Provident 
 Society for Providing Pensions for Widows and 
 Orphans of Members of the Salaried Staff. 
 
 Established October 1, 1900. 
 
 Object to provide pensions for widows and orphans of 
 officers and servants of Railway Company remunerated by 
 an annual salary in contradistinction to weekly wages and 
 to any form of remuneration other than an annual salary, 
 and for the widows and orphans of other persons eligible 
 as members of the Society. 
 
 Membership consists of all salaried staff over age 25 or on 
 attaining that age. Compulsory for all new appointments 
 to service. 
 
172 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Scale of allowances. 
 
 Children. 
 
 Maximum allowance. 
 
 Dismissal, etc. 
 
 Continued membership. 
 
 Upon death of member who has contributed for at least 
 10 years, his widow is entitled to pension for life, or until 
 remarriage, according to pension scale given next below, 
 minimum allowance to widow being in no case less than ,£15 
 per annum: 
 
 Years of 
 
 Contribution 
 
 completed 
 
 Proportion of 
 Average Salary 
 during years of 
 
 Contribution 
 
 Years of 
 
 Contribution 
 
 completed 
 
 Proportion of 
 Average Salary 
 during years of 
 
 Contribution 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 12 
 13 
 14 
 15 
 
 I 
 
 So 
 
 I I 
 J? 
 
 12 
 ?8 
 1 3 
 
 8 7 
 1 i 
 "8"6 
 1 5 
 '85 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 28 
 29 
 30 
 31 
 
 26 
 7¥ 
 
 rk 
 
 28 
 72 
 2 9 
 7T 
 30 
 TO 
 31 
 6? 
 
 and so on up to 40 and over, when the proportion is f§. 
 
 Notwithstanding the above, if a member leave a widow 
 who, at date of his death, is between 10 and 15 years his 
 junior, such widow shall only be entitled to a pension of 
 three-fourths of the amount specified in the foregoing 
 scale, and if more than 15 years his junior, one-half 
 only thereof; but such reduction to the widow does not 
 affect or diminish the amounts payable to any child under 
 the age of 15 years. 
 
 Children to extent of three (3) are paid a quarter of a 
 widow's pension each ; but if there be no widow, then a 
 child's pension is half widow's allowance ; children's allow- 
 ance to cease in all cases after age of 15 years. 
 
 Maximum pension for widow and children, ,£300 per 
 annum. 
 
 Upon resignation or dismissal, member's own contribu- 
 tions returned, without interest. 
 
 When pensioned the contributions cease, but membership 
 continues. If member has no wife, nor children under age 
 15, then membership definitely ceases and all his own 
 contributions are returned, without interest. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 173 
 
 Special refund provision. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Death at any time and leaving no widow, nor children 
 under age 15, results in an amount equal to his own con- 
 tributions being paid to legal representatives. Death 
 under 10 years' membership, leaving widow or children, 
 entitles to payment of amount equal to a quarter of a year's 
 salary. 
 
 Members contribute 1^ per centum of salary, and Railway 
 Company contributes like amount. 
 
 Investment. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Railway Company takes charge of funds, and pays 3£ 
 per centum per annum interest, calculated half-yearly. 
 
 Receipts since institution, October 1, 1900, to September 
 30, 1903, £91,921 Is. Od. Receipts during year ended Sep- 
 tember 30, 1903, £25,058 14s. 3d. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Balance. 
 Membership. 
 
 Disbursements since institution, about £4,767. Dis- 
 bursements during year 1903, about £2,060. 
 
 Amount standing to credit of 4,810 members, September 
 30, 1903, £70,706 2s. 6d. 
 
 London & South Western Railway. 
 
 (1,009 miles; 25,000 employes.) 
 
 Inauguration — A. 
 
 A. — London & South Western Railway Pension Fund, 
 established January 1, 1890. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Retirement at age 60, with not less than 25 years' service. 
 
 Allowance basis. 
 
 Allowances are granted according to following scale : 
 
 If 60 years of age. average weekly wages during last 10 years 
 
 will be divided into 70 parts. 
 
 If 61 years of age this division will be into..— 69 
 
 If 62 " " " " " 68 
 
 If 63 " " " " " 67 
 
 If 64 " " " " " 66 
 
 If 65 ■ " " " " 65 
 
174 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Minimum and maximum 
 allowances. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Inauguration — B. 
 
 Participants. 
 
 Contributions and benefits. 
 
 Each of above-mentioned parts is multiplied by number 
 of years' service of man to be retired, and amount so ascer- 
 tained is divided into two equal shares, one of which repre- 
 sents the weekly allowance to be granted by Company, and 
 the other is left to the man to provide through any 
 Friendly Society or Benefit Club to which he may belong, 
 or by a separate Superannuation Fund to be established 
 among the men, or by any other means which they may 
 decide upon among themselves. 
 
 Minimum and maximum allowances granted by Com- 
 pany are as follows : 
 
 60, 
 
 not less than 5s. Od. 
 
 nor more 
 
 than 15s. Od. per we 
 
 61, 
 
 5s. 4d. 
 
 " 
 
 16s. 2d. 
 
 62, 
 
 5s. 8d. 
 
 u 
 
 17s. 4d. 
 
 63, 
 
 6s. Od. 
 
 (I 
 
 ISs. 6d. 
 
 64, 
 
 6s. 6d. 
 
 " 
 
 19s. 8d. 
 
 65, 
 
 7d. Od. 
 
 a 
 
 21s. Od. " 
 
 Financed wholly by Railway Company, members making 
 no payments. 
 
 B. — London & South Western Railway Employes' Sup- 
 plementary Pension Society, established May 1, 1903, is con- 
 ducted by the employes for the purpose of increasing the 
 allowances under the above-described Company pension 
 scheme. 
 
 For period of 13 months from date of establishment 
 employes between ages 18 and 55 years were eligible to 
 membership; but at expiration of that period maximum 
 admission age is fixed at age 40 years. 
 
 Following is scale of minimum and maximum contribu- 
 tions and benefits for ages 18 and 55 years, intervening 
 ages contributing and benefiting on a graduated ascend- 
 ing scale : 
 
 
 Weekly Contributions 
 
 Age Next 
 Birthday 
 
 A Class 
 
 5s. per week 
 
 at 60 
 
 B Class C Class 
 
 5s. per week 2s. 6d. per week 
 
 at 65 at 60 
 
 D Class 
 
 2s. 6d. per week 
 
 at 65 
 
 18 
 
 4d. 
 
 Hid. 
 
 2s. 4d. 
 
 2fd. 
 9d. 
 
 2s. 4d. 
 
 2d. 
 
 5fd. 
 
 Is. 2d. 
 
 lid. 
 
 4*d. 
 Is 2d. 
 
 40 
 
 *55 
 
 
 
 * Any person over 50 when joining must have contributed for 10 consecutive 
 years before becoming entitled to pension. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 175 
 
 Change of class. 
 
 Member under age 50 may contribute for additional 
 benefit to extent of 10s. per week in all. For example: 
 Member who joined at 20 and has paid 4£d. weekly under 
 Class A to secure 5s. per week at 60, may, at 32, change 
 to secure 7s. 6d. per week by paying 8|d. weekly, i. e., by 
 the addition of the weekly contribution in respect of Class C 
 according to that age, or similarly 10s. weekly by paying 
 in addition two such weekly contributions. 
 
 Death before pension. 
 
 When member dies before being entitled to pension, 
 whole of his contributions paid to his proper representative. 
 
 Withdrawal of members. 
 
 Member withdrawing from Society receives back his 
 contributions subject to following deductions : If a member 
 for less than five years, whole of his contributions, less a 
 deduction of 10 per centum; if a member for more than 
 five years, whole of his contributions. 
 
 Members discharged from 
 or leaving service. 
 
 Member discharged from or leaving Company's service 
 from any cause before reaching age at which pension 
 becomes payable is deemed to have withdrawn from 
 Society, and receives back whole of his contributions. 
 
 Inauguration — C. 
 
 C. — London & South Western Railway Company's 
 Engine Drivers and Firemen's Pension Fund, established 
 in January, 1903. 
 
 Contribution and benefits. 
 
 Contributions range from under age 23, at 6d. per week, 
 to under age 30, at Is. 2d. per week. 
 
 Must belong to Company 
 Fund. 
 
 Pensions do not become payable to members until they 
 have been placed on the Company's Pension Fund {vide 
 supra, "A"). 
 
 Contributions, with interest thereon, accumulate until 
 such time as income arising therefrom is sufficient to pro- 
 vide pensions at rate of 8s. per capita per week. 
 
176 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Inaugurated. 
 
 Service ages. 
 
 Allowance. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 North British Railway. 
 
 (1,442 miles; 22,000 employes.) 
 
 Pension provision in connection with the North British 
 Railway Insurance Society, established March 1, 1882, vide 
 supra. 
 
 Maximum age for admission to service, for weekly wage 
 servants without previous railway experience, 30 years ; 
 with previous railway experience, 35 years; salaried ser- 
 vants, no age limit — usually join service as boys about 
 ages 14 or 15 years. 
 
 The allowance was increased from 5s. to 10s. per week 
 on March 1, 1885. 
 
 Expenditure for pensions since inauguration, ,£50,662 
 15s. 8d. 
 
 Number pensioners. 
 
 Pensioners at end of 1903, 223. 
 
 Proposed scheme. 
 Present practice. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Company scheme. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 North Eastern Railway. 
 
 (1,669.5 miles; 51,356 employes.*) 
 
 (♦Number of employes as of December 31, 1902.) 
 
 Pension scheme now under consideration by Company. 
 Present practice is to grant to employes, other than mem- 
 bers of Superannuation Fund, 60 years of age and over, 
 who leave the service, pensions varying according to length 
 of service, ranging from 4s. to 6s. per week. 
 
 Tafj Vale Railway. 
 
 (124.25 miles; 4,386 employes.) 
 
 Pension scheme established January 1, 1893. Similar 
 to London & South Western Railway Pension Fund (vide 
 supra, p. 173). 
 
 Allowances extended without cost to employes, Railway 
 bearing entire expense. 
 
 Retirement at age 60 years, with not less than 25 years' 
 service. 
 
Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 177 
 
 Basis of computation. 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Basis of computation is parts of wages received during 
 the 10 years next preceding retirement. These parts, 
 operating on an ascending one-part scale from 60 years of 
 age upward to 65, being at 60 years 70 parts, and at 65 
 years 65 parts. 
 
 Minimum allowance, at age 60, not less than 4s. Od. nor 
 more than 14s. Od. per week; and maximum, at age 65, not 
 less than 6s. Od. nor more than 20s. Od. per week. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Eastern Bengal State Railway System. 
 
 (1,003 miles.) 
 
 Service classification. 
 
 Pension nomenclature. 
 
 Different classes of service are : A — Permanent pension- 
 able; B — Permanent non-pensionable; C — Temporary; 
 D — Special service. 
 
 Men belonging to pensionable service are eligible for 
 pension under rules in Civil Service regulations, the pension 
 nomenclature being: 
 
 a. — For Superior service: Compensation, Invalid, 
 Superannuation, and Retiring Pension. 
 
 b. — For Inferior service: Compensation and Invalid 
 Pension. 
 
 Pension after 
 10 years' sen-ice. 
 
 Allowance. 
 
 Service before 20 years of age does not count, and for less 
 than 10 years' service pension allowance is not admissible. 
 
 Allowance is one-sixtieth of average salary for each year 
 after 10 years' service. Allowance guaranteed by the State. 
 
 General. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Oudh & Rohilkhand Railway. 
 
 (1,203 miles; 19,039 employes.) 
 
 Pension scheme similar to that obtaining with Eastern 
 Bengal State Railway (vide supra). 
 
 Subscribers to the Fund 2,640. 
 
178 
 
 Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Gratuities. 
 
 Basis of computation. 
 
 Participants and age limit. 
 
 Membership age. 
 Contributions. 
 
 Widows' Pension Fund. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Cape Government Railways. 
 
 (2,325 miles.) 
 
 Pension, superannuation, allowances, and gratuities, 
 granted under Civil Service and Pension Fund Act promul- 
 gated August 6, 1895. 
 
 Service one (1) year and less than 10 entitles to gratuity 
 not exceeding amount arrived at by allowing a month's 
 salary and emoluments or wages for each year of service; 
 10 years, an annual allowance of ten-sixtieths of such salary 
 and emoluments; and in like manner a further increase of 
 annual allowance, at rate of one sixtieth, for each additional 
 year up to 40 years' service. 
 
 Civil Service employes at age 60, and telegraphers, 
 engine drivers, firemen, guards, and shunters at age 50, may 
 be retired on pension allowance based on past service, such 
 service to be continuous and not include that rendered 
 while under age 17. 
 
 Minimum membership age, 17 years; maximum, 40 years. 
 
 Contributions, deducted on pay-sheets, at rate of 3 per 
 
 centum per annum. 
 
 Employes with salaries of ,£100 per annum and over 
 contribute to the Widows' Pension Fund, at rate of one (1) 
 per centum on salary and emoluments or wages. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 Proposed scheme. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 New South Wales Government Railways. 
 
 (3,042.5 miles; 14,313 employes.) 
 
 A liberal pension and provident scheme was propounded 
 by State Board of Commissioners in 1890; the staff, how- 
 ever, did not then appreciate the matter, but within the 
 past year the employes have revived the question, and 
 appear anxious to promote such a fund by their own con- 
 tributions subsidized by the Railway Commissioners. 
 

 C. — Superannuation Provision. 
 
 America. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Pennsylvania System. 
 
 Origin of fund. 
 
 Provides for refund. 
 
 Allowance basis 
 
 United States. 
 
 Pennsylvania System East and West of Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 (10,913.89 miles; 172,024 employes.) 
 
 A plan comprehending the institution of a fund from which 
 to make payments to members of the Relief Department of 
 Lines East of Pittsburgh, as a superannuation allowance, in 
 the event of their retirement from the service, on account of 
 advanced age or permanent incapacitation, was under con- 
 sideration long before the prosecution of investigations 
 looking to the establishment of a general pensioning feature 
 for all aged employes regardless of membership in the Relief 
 Department. Consummation of the plan was, however, 
 precluded by the circumstance that the accrued interest on 
 Relief Fund money, set aside under Relief Fund regulations 
 for superannuation purposes, was inadequate to furnish to 
 retired employes, members of the fund, an income sufficient 
 for their maintenance without other financial aid. The 
 creation of the Pension feature precipitated formation of 
 the Superannuation Fund, and it was decided that when 
 members of the Relief Fund were retired from active service, 
 it would be proper to return to them, monthly, during 
 active retirement period, a proportion of the interest on the 
 surplus, based on their relative contributions. The Relief 
 Fund regulations prescribe that the superannuation allow- 
 ance shall be determined by multiplying the number of each 
 class in which an employe has been a member by the number 
 of full calendar months in each class, respectively, and adding 
 the results; the sum thus obtained being the rate, in cents, 
 of the monthly allowance. Illustration: Assuming that 
 an employe has during 20 full years, or 240 months, 
 received $40 a month as wages, and during that time was 
 as a member of Relief Fund 2nd class (vide supra, Relief 
 Department, Pennsylvania Railroad), and that he has sub- 
 sequently received $60 a month, 3rd class, for 15 full years, 
 (179) 
 
180 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 or 180 calendar months, then his monthly superannuation 
 allowance would be twice 240 plus three times 180, or 
 $10.20. The payment of allowances at this rate is, how- 
 ever, conditioned upon the size of the fund set aside for the 
 purpose, as in the event of such fund being found inade- 
 quate during any annual or semi-annual period to meet 
 allowance demands, provision is made for a pro rata reduc- 
 tion in allowances for such periods. 
 
 Revised plan of January 
 1, 1904. 
 
 The plan of payment of superannuation allowance 
 originally involved that the interest accrued upon the 
 investments of the Relief Fund should be used for the 
 purpose. Four years' operation under this plan demon- 
 strated that the interest accruing from the surplus was 
 inadequate to meet the demand, whereupon the Company, 
 preferably to making a reduction in basis for the payment 
 of superannuation allowances, caused the Relief Depart- 
 ment regulations to be amended, as of January 1, 1904, 
 to provide that, in addition to the interest derived from 
 the investment of the Surplus Fund, at the end of each 
 three-year period, the money not used to meet the liabilities 
 of the former periods will be applied directly to the pay- 
 ment of superannuation allowances instead of being trans- 
 ferred to and becoming a part of the Surplus Fund ; and if 
 at the end of the next subsequent three-year period there 
 should be a balance in the Superannuation Fund, it is to be 
 transferred to and become a part of the Surplus Fund. On 
 the other hand, the Company at the present time holds 
 itself responsible to pay any deficiencies in the superannua- 
 tion allowances up to January 1, 1907. 
 
 Retention of death benefits. 
 
 Retired employes receiving superannuation allowance 
 are permitted, upon paying the proper rate of contribu- 
 tion, to retain title to death benefits in the Relief Fund. 
 
 Represents additional 
 pension allowance. 
 
 As will be perceived from what is herein observed on this 
 feature, it is practically an additional pension allowance. 
 The "Relief Fund Surplus" is the nucleus of the provision, 
 and the accrued interest on this "surplus" is the basis for 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 181 
 
 calculating allowances. Only through Company liberality 
 in assuming responsibility for and meeting Relief Fund 
 deficiencies is such "surplus" made possible and maintain- 
 able, thus constituting Company contributions equivalent 
 to direct and exclusive drains upon its own revenue arising 
 from railway operation. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Fund is conducted as a part of and in connection with the 
 Relief Department, and results of operations are incorporated 
 in the Company's annual report to its stockholders. 
 
 Surplus for Lines East. 
 
 Lines East: 
 
 As a result of contributions by members and benefits 
 paid them, during the several three-year periods since 1886, 
 a surplus of $751,256.25 has been accumulated. 
 
 Results of three 
 years' operation. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Result of four years' operations of the superannuation 
 feature was, interest $148,672.23, received as returns on 
 investment of the above-mentioned Surplus Fund. From 
 this accrued interest, which forms the Superannuation Fund, 
 there was paid to 1,408 retired members (376 of whom are 
 deceased), identified with the Relief Fund, the sum of 
 $148,662.15. 
 
 Annual expenditure. Expenditure for superannuation allowances in 1903 
 
 amounted to $43,875.12. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Lines East and West: 
 
 Plan for payment of superannuation allowances for the 
 Lines East became effective simultaneously with that for 
 the pension feature, January 1 1900; that for the Lines 
 West, although contemplated by express provision, is not 
 operative, owing to absence of desired surplus from Relief 
 Fund operations. 
 
182 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Grand Trunk Railway System. 
 
 (4,176 miles; 27,520 employes.) 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Company conducts the "Grand Trunk Railway of Canada 
 Superannuation and Provident Fund Association," for em- 
 ployes of its lines east of the Detroit and St. Clair Rivers, 
 established in October. 1874. 
 
 Compulsory. 
 
 Membership compulsory from and after October 1, 1874, 
 except for employes receiving less than $400 per annum 
 salary. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Participants. 
 
 Retirement at age 55, or at earlier age in event of per- 
 manent incapacitation. Superannuation scheme applies 
 only to clerical or in-door staff, the out-door employes, 
 such as firemen, brakemen, etc., being insured against 
 accident, sickness, and death. Retirement not compulsory 
 while employe renders efficient service. 
 
 Admission age. 
 
 Maximum membership admission age, 37 years. 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Retirement at age 55 entitles to allowance, consisting 
 of one-sixtieth of retiring pay for each year of Fund mem- 
 bership, with a maximum of two-thirds of average annual 
 pay during whole period of membership. 
 
 Allowance for 
 incapacitation. 
 
 Members who have contributed to Fund for not less 
 than ten years, who become incapacitated for service, may 
 retire and receive such retirement allowance as Committee 
 of Management may determine. 
 
 Death before 
 superannuation. 
 
 When member dies before receiving superannuation 
 allowance, the Committee of Management may pay to his 
 dependents a sum equal to amount of his contributions up 
 to time of his death. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 183 
 
 Leaving service. 
 
 Member leaving service of Company after five years' Asso- 
 ciation membership may have returned to him one-half 
 his contributions ; after ten years' membership, whole of 
 his contributions; and upon leaving service, owing to dis- 
 ability, before the end of five years, an amount not exceeding 
 one-half his contributions. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Employes contribute 2h per centum of their salaries, with 
 contribution of like aggregate sum by Company ; and latter 
 also makes an additional contribution of one-half of members' 
 contribution to make up Fund deficiencies, when necessary. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Number of members, 1,350. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 "Superannuation" defined. 
 
 Participants. 
 
 "Superannuation," as its derivation — "super," above 
 and "annus," a year — indicates, implies an age over and 
 beyond what is agreed upon or accepted as the normal or 
 proper age for continuance of human effort toward acquiring 
 a livelihood in ordinary lines of employment. From a 
 transportation point of view, superannuation finds its 
 fullest and highest expression and observance with the 
 English railways. In Great Britain the term "superannua- 
 tion" is distinguished from the term "pension" in practical 
 application, whereas in the United States there is purely a 
 nominal distinction. The English superannuation fund has 
 for its membership the "salaried officer and in-door staff," 
 as a rule, and, in that light, embraces only such employes 
 as are remunerated by an annual salary, whether paid 
 yearly, half-yearly, quarterly, monthly, weekly, or other- 
 wise, in contradistinction to weekly-wage or other form of 
 remuneration than annual salary. 
 
 Basis of formation 
 of scheme. 
 
 The formation of superannuation funds is usually pro- 
 vided by Parliamentary enactment under what are styled 
 "General Powers Acts" pertaining to interested railways. 
 
184 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Refunds. 
 
 Commutation. 
 
 Membership age. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Annual report. 
 
 Audit. 
 
 Actuarial examination. 
 
 Financing of the funds is on uniform lines, consisting for 
 the most part of prescribed membership payments, usually 
 2h per centum, on salaries, with a corresponding aggregate 
 subscription by the railways, with interest on surplus placed 
 in charge of the railway concerned, or otherwise invested. 
 
 Retirement takes place at ages 60 to 65 years, regularly, 
 with anywhere from 10 to 30 years' service or membership; 
 and also upon permanent incapacitation, before reaching 
 those ages, with 10 or more years' service or membership. 
 
 Refunds, on a common basis, are provided in event of 
 death either previous to or while enjoying pension benefits. 
 
 Commutation of allowance, by payment of a lump sum 
 in lieu thereof, obtains. 
 
 Minimum and maximum membership ages range from 20 
 to 45 years. 
 
 Funds are usually under supervision of a Committee of 
 Management, composed of company officers and member- 
 ship representatives, whose Secretary or Treasurer, accord- 
 ing to inclination expressed, prepares annually or semi- 
 annually a report entitled "Annual Returns," which com- 
 prehends a Statement of Accounts, a General Balance Sheet, 
 and general abstract of fund operations; this periodical 
 presentation being the basis for determining fund condition ; 
 and it is generally audited, by specially selected audi- 
 tors, who are privileged to make supplemental report 
 thereon. Once in each quinquennial period actuarial 
 examination is made of fund operations, the results being 
 submitted in report, together with any recommendations 
 deemed advisable, looking to modification of prevailing plan 
 of conduct of the fund. 
 
 To indulge in extended detailed recital for each of the 
 funds reported for presentation to the Congress would be 
 manifestly supererogatory, and such course will be accord- 
 ingly eschewed, only such salient facts being recounted as 
 may be deemed essential. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 185 
 
 Railway Clearing System 
 Superannuation Fund 
 Corporation. 
 
 Fumes s Railway. 
 
 (117.25 miles; 2,369 employes.) 
 
 The Company does not conduct a distinctive Superan- 
 nuation Fund for its employes, but since January 1, 1896, 
 has been associated with the Railway Clearing System 
 Superannuation Fund Corporation {vide pp. 297, 298, 299), 
 in which Association its representation stood at 270 mem- 
 bers on September 30, 1903. 
 
 Special arrangement, The Company does, however, make special superannua- 
 
 tion provision, along distinctive lines, through an arrange- 
 ment, inaugurated August 27, 1899, which bears no relation 
 to any other provident feature in which it is interested. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Object is to provide for old servants who may no longer 
 be able to render efficient service. 
 
 No fixed rules. 
 
 There are no rules or regulations, but the plan is conducted 
 wholly by the Railway Company, there being no con- 
 tributions by prospective beneficiaries. 
 
 Basis for arrangement. 
 
 The arrangement was made for the benefit of artisans, 
 guards, porters, laborers, and others who by the nature 
 of their employment are not eligible for admission as 
 members of the Railway Clearing System Superannuation 
 Fund Corporation. It enables the administration to 
 renew the staff without hardship to old men. 
 
 Retirement conditions. 
 
 Retirement conditions are as follows: On reaching age 
 65, or becoming physically incapacitated at an earlier age, 
 the arrangement becomes operative. 
 
 Retirement is not compulsory at age 65, but if it is 
 thought desirable, owing to partial inefficiency or other- 
 wise, a workman may be called upon to retire, and if of 
 good conduct is granted a gratuity. 
 
 Maximum allowance. 
 
 Maximum allowance, ,£50; minimum, £\b. 
 
186 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Allowance scale. 
 
 Retiring age. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Allowances are made on following basis: 
 
 Service 
 
 Gratuity 
 
 10 to 20 years 
 
 20 to 25 years. 
 
 25 to 30 years. 
 
 30 to 40 years 
 
 40 to 50 years 
 
 50 years and upwards.... 
 
 3 months' pay. 
 4£ months' pay. 
 6 months' pay. 
 1\ months' pay. 
 9 months' pay. 
 1 year's pay. 
 
 Average retirement age, 68 years. 
 
 Total disbursements for allowances amount to .£2,230, a 
 per capita average of £40, all allowances being drawn 
 entirely from the Company's general revenue resources. 
 
 Clearing House Fund. 
 
 Great Central Railway. 
 
 (468 miles; 20,181 employes.) 
 
 Represented in the Railway Clearing System Superan- 
 nuation Fund Corporation {vide pp. 297, 298, 299). 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Great Eastern Railway. 
 
 (1,182.5 miles.) 
 
 Operates a "New Superannuation Fund," established 
 January 1, 1898, being a rehabilitation of the "Old Superan- 
 nuation Scheme" and "Old Superannuation Fund," 
 respectively, created under Act of 1878, and abolished from 
 and after December 31, 1897. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Cost of management based on membership payments, 
 the Company, however, guaranteeing that where dividends 
 and interest of Fund in any year, added to suplus in reserve 
 fund, prove insufficient to provide liquidation of yearly 
 allowances, it will make up deficiency out of its revenue, 
 subject to reimbursement from future Fund surplus. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 187 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Computation. 
 
 Minimum allowance, £30; maximum not to exceed two- 
 thirds of average salary during the seven years preceding 
 retirement. 
 
 Computation of allowance made on basis of fiftieth parts 
 of average salary. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Fund division. 
 
 " 1 " contribution. 
 
 Retirement provision. 
 
 Allowance. 
 
 Great Northern Railway. 
 
 (939 miles.) 
 
 "Great Northern Railway Superannuation Fund," 
 established in June, 1874, under Great Northern Railway 
 (Various Powers) Act, 1872, and the same Company's 
 (Further Powers) Act, 1874, and included by transfer 
 ,£16,000 representing annual contributions and interest 
 thereon from and after 1852 of the Great Northern Provi- 
 dent Fund. 
 
 Fund consists of two classes of members : " 1 " — Employes 
 receiving ,£80 per annum and upwards; and "2" — Employes 
 receiving less than ,£80 per annum. 
 
 Class 1. — Contribution 2h per centum on salaries, with 
 like Company subscription. 
 
 For retirement allowance purposes Class 1 is subdivided 
 into two series, viz.: 
 
 Series "A," or members who joined the Fund up to 
 and including January 1, 1886; and 
 
 Series "B," or members who joined the Fund after 
 January 1, 1886. 
 
 Retirement at age 60 with 10 years' membership, in Series 
 
 A, and at same age with like years of membership in Series 
 
 B, entitles member to respectively one-fiftieth and one- 
 sixtieth of average salary from date of first actual or 
 assumed contribution to Fund for each completed year of 
 membership; minimum and maximum allowances being 
 respectively 20 and 66f per centum of average salary, 
 maximum not to exceed, however, ,£1,000 a year. 
 
188 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Retirement after 25 and 
 30 years' membership. 
 
 Disablement before 10 
 years' membership. 
 
 Death before 10 years' 
 membership. 
 
 Death before 
 superannuation. 
 
 Death after 
 superannuation . 
 
 Voluntary retirement 
 from service. 
 
 Allowance on dismissal 
 by Company. 
 
 Retirement at age 60, with Fund membership : 
 In Series "A" 25 years, and 
 In Series "B" 30 years, 
 entitles member to allowance of not less than half his actual 
 salary at date of retirement. 
 
 Where member, through failing health, is obliged to 
 leave service before 10 years' membership in Fund, he 
 receives back whole of contributions paid by him, together 
 with simple interest thereon at rate of 4 per centum per 
 annum; and after 10 or more years' membership, and before 
 reaching age 60, he receives superannuation allowance in 
 proportion to period during which he contributed, not to 
 exceed ,£500 a year. 
 
 Where member dies before 10 years' Fund membership, 
 his representative receives whole of contributions paid 
 by him, together with amount paid by Company in addition 
 thereto, but without interest. 
 
 Where member dies after contributing 10 years, and 
 before being superannuated, his proper representative 
 receives whole of contributions paid by him, together with 
 amount paid by Company in addition thereto. 
 
 Where member dies after retirement on superannuation 
 allowance, but before he receives a sum equal to whole of 
 his own contributions, plus Company's contribution on 
 his behalf, his proper representative receives a sum equal 
 to difference between the total of such contributions and 
 the amount of superannuation allowance paid to such 
 member up to date of his death. 
 
 Where member voluntarily retires from the service before 
 time for receiving superannuation allowance, he receives 
 back whole of contributions paid by him, without interest. 
 
 Where member is dismissed from the service before time 
 for receiving superannuation allowance (except in case of 
 misconduct), he receives back whole of contributions paid 
 by him, without interest. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 189 
 
 " 2" contribution. 
 Participants. 
 
 Class 2. — Contribution 1 per centum on salaries, with like 
 Company subscription. Class composed of station masters, 
 booking clerks, inspectors, ticket collectors, guards, foremen, 
 shunters, draymen, policemen, signalmen, inspectors of way 
 and works, timekeepers, locomotive and carriage foremen, 
 engine drivers, firemen, porters, and platelayers. 
 
 Contributions and 
 benefits. 
 
 Effective July 1, 1901, under approval of Directors of 
 Company, servants joining Class 2 in receipt of salary or 
 wages less than ,£80 per annum, are enabled to receive on 
 retirement a pension instead of a gross payment, the rate 
 of contribution and benefit allowances being in accordance 
 with following scales: 
 
 Scale op Contributions. 
 
 Age at Entry 
 
 Contribution by Member 
 per week 
 
 Under 20. 
 
 20 and under 25- 
 25 and under 30- 
 30 and under 35- 
 
 3|d. 
 4id. 
 6 d. 
 9 d. 
 
 Contribution by Company 
 per week 
 
 3id. 
 
 4}d. 
 6 d. 
 9 d. 
 
 Scale op Benefits. 
 
 Conditions 
 
 Payment to Member or his Representative 
 
 Retirement at 60 years of 
 age, or upwards 
 
 At death before super- 
 annuation..-. 
 
 At death after superannu- 
 ation 
 
 On voluntary retirement, 
 or on notice from Com- 
 pany.. 
 
 On failing health before 
 age 60 - 
 
 At age 60 7s. Od. per week. 
 
 " 61 7s. 6d. 
 
 " 62 8s. Od. 
 
 " 63 8s. 6d. 
 
 " 64 9s. Od. 
 
 " 65 and upwards. 10s. Od. " 
 
 Double own contributions. 
 
 Amount of excess, if any, of double own 
 contributions over amount actually 
 paid out to member as pension. 
 
 Own contributions only. 
 
 If less than 10 years' membership, own 
 contributions plus 4 per centum simple 
 interest; if more than 10 years', a pen- 
 sion of 5s. per week. 
 
190 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Two schemes. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Great Western Railway. 
 
 (2,711 miles; 64,699 employes.) 
 
 Operates two schemes, one the "Great Western Railway 
 Superannuation Fund," established February 1, 1865, for 
 officers and clerks, hereinafter styled "Fund A," and the 
 other the "Great Western Railway En^inemen and Fire- 
 men's Mutual Assurance Sick and Superannuation Society," 
 established in January, 1865, for enginemen and firemen, 
 hereinafter designated "Fund B." 
 
 Fund 'A." 
 
 Fund A. 
 
 Membership age. 
 Contributions. 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Maximum age for admission to Fund benefits, 40 years. 
 
 Members contribute 2\ per centum of salary, with like 
 Company subscription. 
 
 Allowances, on scale of graduated percentage, ranging 
 from minimum, for 10 years' membership, of 25 per centum 
 of average salary, to 108 per centum for 45 years' member- 
 ship. In arriving at an average salary ,£60 per annum is 
 reckoned as the minimum, salary received. No allowance 
 less than ,£30. 
 
 Table. 
 
 
 <H «*- 
 
 
 rt«w 
 
 
 
 
 hIh 
 
 a 
 
 
 p. 
 ■s'-S 
 
 5°£? 
 
 ft 
 "h2 
 
 S° b 
 
 ■a 2 
 
 3°b 
 
 O U) 
 
 
 
 
 
 2-w « 
 
 ^- »-" CC 
 
 
 
 S2S 
 
 g-g" 
 
 J-. 1- fw 
 
 2 4J 
 
 U !-. 2 
 IP 11 J! 
 
 2 « 
 
 «-2 
 
 |x S 
 
 i_ 1- « 
 
 % 
 
 §•-> 
 
 s 
 
 aa« 
 
 s 
 
 ftft^ 
 
 g 
 
 ftftj: 
 
 
 5.2 * 
 
 
 U3.2 rt 
 
 
 5.2 * 
 
 
 cfl.2 01 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 19 
 
 43 
 
 28 
 
 65 
 
 37 
 
 87*, 
 
 11 
 
 27 
 
 20 
 
 45 
 
 29 
 
 67* 
 
 38 
 
 90 
 
 12 
 
 29 
 
 21 
 
 47* 
 
 30 
 
 70 
 
 39 
 
 92*, 
 
 13 
 
 31 
 
 22 
 
 50 
 
 31 
 
 72*, 
 
 40 
 
 95 
 
 14 
 
 33 
 
 23 
 
 52*, 
 
 32 
 
 75 
 
 41 
 
 97£ 
 
 15 
 
 35 
 
 24 
 
 55 
 
 33 
 
 77* 
 
 42 
 
 100 
 
 16 
 
 37 
 
 25 
 
 57*, 
 
 34 
 
 80 
 
 43 
 
 102*, 
 
 17 
 
 39 
 
 26 
 
 60 
 
 35 
 
 82*, 
 
 44 
 
 105 
 
 18 
 
 41 
 
 27 
 
 62*, 
 
 36 
 
 85 
 
 45 
 
 108 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 191 
 
 Addition of years to 
 membership. 
 
 Salaried officers and clerks, in good physical condition, 
 were, prior to June 30, 1866, given the privilege, under 
 prescribed conditions, of having an agreed number of years, 
 specifically agreed upon, added to their membership; such 
 number of years to in no case exceed the number of years 
 they actually served the Company; and thereafter they 
 were called upon to pay 2\ per centum on their actual 
 salaries for such a number of years then following as would 
 equal the number of years added over and above the 2\ per 
 centum above provided. 
 
 Admission over age 40. 
 
 Where 40 years of age or upwards at time of admission 
 to membership, before February 1, 1865, privilege extended 
 at any time previous to July 1, 1883, where under age 60, 
 of securing regular membership; also of having added to 
 membership not exceeding the number of years in service 
 of Company, provided payment is made to Fund of 2\ per 
 centum on salary actually received during years so added; 
 such person not being eligible for superannuation, except in 
 case of sickness or infirmity of body or mind, until after 
 February 1, 1885. 
 
 Death of member. 
 
 Upon death of member before receiving superannuation 
 allowance, his proper representative receives from Fund 
 whole of his contributions up to time of death, together 
 with contributions by Company on his behalf. 
 
 Death of member before 
 receiving certain sum. 
 
 Upon death of member after being granted superannua- 
 tion allowance, but before receiving from Fund the full 
 amount of contributions by both himself and the Company 
 on his behalf, his proper representative is paid the differ- 
 ence between amount so received by him and the 
 combined contributions by himself and the Company. 
 
 Incapacitation after 10 
 years' membership. 
 
 Member who, after 10 years' membership, inclusive of 
 added years, and although under age 60, is compelled, 
 through incapacitation by disablement, to leave the service, 
 is granted superannuation allowance. 
 
192 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Incapacitation at 55 
 
 but under 60 years of age. 
 
 Resignation or removal 
 from service after 30 
 years' service. 
 
 Member leaving service. 
 
 Retiring age. 
 Operative cost. 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Number members. 
 Fund"B." 
 Membership age. 
 
 Contributions and 
 sick benefits. 
 
 Member who, after attaining age 55 but under age 60 
 years, obliged to leave service owing to disablement, is 
 granted superannuation allowance, where no other suitable 
 position in service can be found. 
 
 Where member between ages 50 and 60 years is, after 
 expiration of 30 years' service with the Company, removed 
 from the service by Company Directors, or is required by 
 them to resign for any reason other than misconduct, he is 
 granted superannuation allowance. 
 
 Where member, for any reason other than misconduct, 
 leaves or is removed from service of Company after 10 
 years' membership, he receives back whole of contributions 
 to Fund, without interest; where compelled to leave service, 
 through disablement, before receiving superannuation 
 allowance, he receives back whole of contributions, without 
 interest, and Committee of Management may in its dis- 
 cretion, allow to such member the whole or any part of 
 Company's contributions to Fund in his behalf. 
 
 Average age of retirement, 56 years. 
 
 Cost of operation since institution, ,£3,710 4s. 9d. 
 
 Expenditure for allowances since inauguration, ,£229,427 
 or an average per capita allowance of .£122. 
 
 Members January 31, 1904, 5,548. 
 
 Fund B. 
 
 Minimum and maximum ages for admission to member- 
 ship are respectively 18 and 35 years. 
 
 Resident members contribute to the funds at following 
 rates : 
 
 2nd class Is. 4d. per week. 
 
 1st class.. 2s. Od. per week. 
 
 Non-resident members contribute as follows : 
 
 2nd class 2d. per week, and 
 
 1st class ...3d. per week, 
 
 in addition to amounts required to contribute as resident 
 members. Members becoming non-resident while in 2nd 
 class are not subsequently allowed to join 1st class. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 193 
 
 Sick benefits. 
 
 Rates of Sick Benefit payable are as follows: 
 
 2nd class 12s. per week. 
 
 1st class 14s. per week. 
 
 Sundays are not included in computation of sick benefit. 
 Benefits not payable for first three (3) consecutive days. 
 Members not entitled to sick benefit until expiration of 
 26 weeks from date of joining the Society, nor until the 
 entrance fee of 2s. 6d. and whole of his contributions for 
 that period have been paid, nor will a member receive in- 
 creased benefit of 1st class until he has been a member of 
 that class for 26 weeks; except in case of incapacitation 
 resulting from accident while on duty, when he receives 
 sick benefit corresponding with his class at time of the 
 accident, regardless of 26 weeks' membership in 1st class. 
 
 Half sick benefit rates are paid after expiration of first 
 26 weeks, during remainder of illness : 
 
 2nd class. - 6s. Od. per week. 
 
 1st class... 7s. Od. per week. 
 
 Sick members' 
 contributions. 
 
 Contributions due from members receiving full sick pay 
 are deducted from their sick benefits ; but in case of mem- 
 bers receiving half sick pay it is at their option to have the 
 contribution deducted from the benefit or allow it to 
 accumulate as arrears until they are able to resume work, 
 and in the event of death while contributions are in arrear 
 the amount in arrear is deducted from assurance payable. 
 
 Leaving service. 
 
 Wife's funeral benefit. 
 
 Member leaving service, after six years' Fund membership, 
 has the option of accepting a rebate of a portion of amount 
 standing to his credit on the Society's books, and ceasing to 
 be a member, or of becoming a non-resident member; if a 
 member less than six years he is entitled to a rebate, but 
 ceases to be a member, and has no further claim upon 
 Society funds. 
 
 Wife's funeral benefit: Upon death of a member's wife 
 he receives a funeral benefit of .£5. 
 
194 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Assurance. 
 
 Assurance payable on 
 death or superannuation. 
 
 Superannuation. 
 
 Commutation of 
 allowance. 
 
 Widow's allowance. 
 
 Assurance : 
 
 ist Class. 2nd Class. 
 
 If paid to member on superannuation ,£40 .£25 
 
 If paid on death before superannuation... .£60 ,£35 
 Full assurance not payable for less than two years' 
 
 membership; for not less than 12 months' membership, 
 
 assurance of .£10 payable. 
 
 Assurance is payable to member on his becoming entitled 
 to superannuation ; or in the event of his death it is payable 
 to his proper representative, unless it has previously been 
 paid to the member himself on his superannuation. 
 
 Superannuation allowance : 
 
 1st class 5s. per week. 
 
 2nd class 3s. 6d. per week. 
 
 In certain special cases the rates of superannuation are 
 increased to: 
 
 1st class 10s. net per week. 
 
 2nd class _ 6s. 2d. net per week. 
 
 The General Committee has power to negotiate and 
 agree with any superannuated member for the payment 
 to him of a sum of money as purchase-money or commuta- 
 tion of his allowance. 
 
 Widow of member receives, subject to prescribed con- 
 ditions, following allowance from the funds: 
 
 Per Week 
 
 2nd Class ist Class 
 
 Where husband had been member 5 years and less 
 
 than 10 years. 
 
 Where husband had been member 10 to 20 years..— 
 
 " 20 to 30 " ..... 
 
 " over 30 " ..... 
 
 If children left under 14 years of age, an allowance 
 
 per child up to age 14 of 
 
 Provided that in no case shall payment to 
 widow (including allowance for children) 
 exceed. 
 
 2s. 
 3s. 
 4s. 
 
 6d. 
 4s. 
 
 3s. 
 4s. 
 5s. 
 6s. 
 
 Is. 
 
 6s. 
 
 These allowances may be commuted by payment of a 
 lump sum. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 195 
 
 Receipts. 
 Operative cost. 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Receipts from all sources during year 1903, ,£37,034. 
 
 Cost of operation since institution, .£9,662. 
 
 Expenditure for allowances since inauguration, .£99,932, 
 or an average per capita allowance of .£23. Expenditure, 
 for all expenses, during year 1903, £23,039. 
 
 Members December 31, 1903, 6,013. 
 
 Clearing House Fund. 
 
 Lancashire, Derbyshire & East Coast Railway. 
 
 (60 miles; 614 employes.) 
 
 Officers, station masters, and clerks of the Railway' Com- 
 pany are members of the Railway Clearing System Super- 
 annuation Fund Corporation (vide infra, pp. 297, 298, 299), 
 the number represented in such membership having been 
 84 on September 30, 1903. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Contribution. 
 
 Allowance. 
 
 Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway. 
 
 (572 miles; 35,250 employes.) 
 
 Conducts "Superannuation Fund Association of the Lan- 
 cashire & Yorkshire Railway Company," established in 
 August, 1873. 
 
 Objects are to provide allowances for officers, clerks, 
 station masters, inspectors, and such officers and servants 
 as the Committee may from time to time think proper to 
 admit, upon attaining 60 years of age, or before if unfitted 
 to follow their employment, provided they have contributed 
 to the Fund 10 years and upwards. 
 
 Members contribute 2\ per centum on their salaries, with 
 like subscription by the Company. 
 
 Maximum retirement allowance 67 per centum plus one- 
 fourth of average salary, and minimum 25 per centum plus 
 one-fourth, during years of membership. 
 
196 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Addition of years. 
 
 Under prescribed conditions, members may add one or 
 more years to their membership. 
 
 Reduction of staff. 
 
 Contributing member required to leave service owing to 
 reduction of staff, or if required to retire in consequence of 
 ill health before being entitled to superannuation, or required 
 to leave the service, by the Company, for any cause other 
 than misconduct, receives back all his contribution with 
 simple interest at 4 per centum per annum. 
 
 Members leaving service. 
 
 Member leaving service honorably, of his own accord, 
 receives back his own contributions, without interest. 
 
 Retirement after 10 years' 
 membership for infirmity. 
 
 Where member after 10 years' membership or up- 
 wards becomes incapacitated for performance of duties, 
 by reason of infirmity of body or mind, he is entitled to be 
 superannuated at any age. The superannuation allowance 
 granted is calculated in proportion to years of membership, 
 upon same scale as if such member had attained the re- 
 tiring age. 
 
 Ill health. 
 
 Member whose salary is stopped in consequence of ill 
 health is entitled so long as his name remains upon the 
 Company's books, but not in any case for a longer period 
 than 12 months, to continue his membership by payment 
 of same amount of monthly subscription as he paid at time 
 his salary was discontinued. 
 
 Commutation of claims. 
 
 Claims against the Fund may, in the discretion of the 
 Committee, be commuted by one payment. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Receipts for period July 1, 1873, to June 30, 1903, 
 £531,938 10s. 7d., made up: 
 
 Members' contributions. £184,205 15s. lOd. 
 
 From Railway Company 182,149 4s. 9d. 
 
 Interest 165,583 10s. Od. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 197 
 
 Disbursement. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Retiring age. 
 
 Disbursements for the period next above noted, 
 .£144,885 3s. lid., made up: 
 
 Members' contributions refundecL-£44,615 6s. lid. 
 
 Company's contributions refunded- 12,409 10s. Od. 
 
 Interest refunded on members' con- 
 tributions.. 1,893 17s. 5d. 
 
 Payments to members superannu- 
 ated - 83,883 lis. 3d. 
 
 Expenses of management— 1,972 18s. 4d. 
 
 Auditor's fees. 110 0s. Od. 
 
 Members June 30, 1903, 6,230, number of superannuated 
 members on same date having been 242. 
 
 Average age of retirement, 61 years. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 London & North Western Railway. 
 
 (1,945* miles; 82,835 employes.) 
 
 Conducts the "London & North Western Railway 
 Superannuation Fund Association," established April 1, 
 1853. 
 
 Officered by a Secretary subject to a Committee of 
 Management consisting of six (6) members, three (3) 
 appointed by the Board of Directors of the Railway Com- 
 pany, known as "Directors' Committeemen," and three (3) 
 elected by the contributing members, known as "Con- 
 tributors' Committeemen." Two Auditors are selected, 
 one being appointed by the Company's Directors, and known 
 as " Directors' Auditor," and the other by the contributing 
 members, and known as "Contributors' Auditor." After 
 the expiration of a period of 20 years, commencing April 1, 
 1896, a Directors' Actuary and a Contributors' Actuary 
 may be appointed by respectively the Directors and the 
 contributing members, and these two actuaries are author- 
 ized to appoint a "Third Actuary." The Actuaries and all 
 accountants and other assistants authorized in writing by 
 them, or either of them, shall respectively have free access 
 at all reasonable times to all the books and documents of 
 and relating to the Association and fund, with full power 
 to make copies and extracts thereof and therefrom. The 
 
198 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Cost of operation. 
 
 Committee is required to deliver to the Auditors the 
 accounts and balance-sheet for the year at least 14 days 
 before the day appointed for the Ordinary Meeting, with 
 reference to which they are to be balanced and made out 
 respectively, together with all means of vouching and 
 verifying the same. 
 
 Objects are to provide an annuity in event of retirement 
 at a maximum age, with a designated number of years' 
 contributory membership, and upon incapacitation after 
 a specified number of years' membership. 
 
 Cost of operation borne by Association. Company does 
 the clerical work, etc., and charges the Association a fixed 
 sum per annum. 
 
 Scale of allowances. After 10 years' membership and attainment of age 60 
 
 years, member is entitled to superannuation allowance for 
 remainder of life, amounting to such proportion of average 
 salary received from date of first contribution until retire- 
 ment as provided in subjoined scale of superannuation 
 allowances : 
 
 Illustration of allowance 
 principle. 
 
 Years of 
 
 1 
 Superannuation 
 
 Years of 
 
 Superannuation 
 
 contribution 
 
 in percentage of 
 
 contribution 
 
 in percentage of 
 
 completed 
 
 average salary 
 
 completed 
 
 average salary 
 
 10 
 
 22f 
 
 33 
 
 76£ 
 
 15 
 
 34* 
 
 35 
 
 81} 
 
 17 
 
 38f 
 
 36 
 
 84 
 
 23 
 
 52f 
 
 41 
 
 97i 
 
 25 
 
 57i 
 
 43 
 
 103 
 
 28 
 
 64£ 
 
 45 and upwards. 
 
 109 
 
 Intervening years on graduated ascending scale, ranging from 2% to 3 
 per centum. 
 
 Where the intended beneficiary has been a contributing 
 member {%. e., the salaried officers for the time being con- 
 tributing to the Fund, but not including recipients there- 
 from) for 10 years, but less than 11 years from date of first 
 contribution, inclusive, 22f per centum of such average 
 salary; but no person will be entitled to superannuation 
 allowance while remaining in the service of the Company. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 199 
 
 Incapacitated 
 members. 
 
 Commutation of 
 allowance. 
 
 Resignation or dismissal 
 from service. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Source of allowances. 
 
 Special railway allowances. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 After 10 years' membership, although under age 60 years, 
 where a member becomes incapacitated for performance of 
 duties, superannuation is paid as for age 60, under pre- 
 scribed conditions, in accordance with foregoing scale of 
 allowances. 
 
 Commutation of superannuation allowance is permissible 
 by payment of a lump sum not exceeding five years' pay- 
 ments of the annual allowance to which entitled in lieu of 
 all other payments and allowances whatsoever. 
 
 Where member leaves the service in consequence of his 
 services being discontinued by the Company, except for 
 misconduct, or where he retires from the service bona fide 
 of his own accord, he is entitled to receive back from the 
 Fund the whole amount of his own contributions. 
 
 All salaried staff (*. e., officers or servants of the Company 
 remunerated by an annual salary in contradistinction to 
 weekly wages and any form of remuneration other than 
 an annual salary) under 28 years of age are obliged to 
 become members. Committee invested with power to make 
 special and exceptional arrangements with any present 
 or future salaried officer who was or shall be upwards 
 of 28 years old at time of entering the service, as to amount 
 of contribution or benefits to be derived, or both, and to 
 provide admission to membership on footing of such 
 arrangements. 
 
 Allowances are drawn from the Association. The Rail- 
 way Company has at times, however, granted pension 
 outside the Superannuation Fund allowances, and has 
 given retiring gratuities, but there are no rules as to this, 
 the Directors exercising their discretion as they have 
 thought fitting to particular circumstances. 
 
 Receipts since institution, £1,788,205 6s. 2d. 
 
 Average annual receipts for 50-year period, about £35,765. 
 Receipts from all sources during year ended March 31, 1903, 
 amounted to £96,615 5s. lid. 
 
200 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Disbursements since inauguration, 50-year period, 
 ,£539,893 10s. 5d. Average annual disbursements for 
 50-year period, about .£10,798. Disbursements, for all 
 expenses, during year ended March 31, 1903, amounted to 
 ,£52,771 13s. 4d. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Members contribute 2\ per centum on salaries, with like 
 Company subscription. 
 
 Minimum allowance. 
 
 Minimum retirement allowance placed at .£30 per 
 annum. 
 
 Number superannuated. 
 
 Number superannuated members March 31, 1903, 416. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Number of members March 31, 1903, 8,898. 
 
 London & South Western Railway. 
 
 (1,009 miles; 25,000 employes.) 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Conducts what is known as "New Superannuation 
 Scheme," effective January 1, 1900, which consists of an 
 amalgamation of the Old Superannuation Fund, the Pen- 
 sion Fund, and the Special Grant Fund, maintained origi- 
 nally by contributions by Company for benefit of its 
 salaried staff, and established in 1868. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Contribution 2\ per centum on salaries, Company guar- 
 anteeing operative deficiencies. 
 
 Allowance. 
 
 Allowances based on fiftieths of average salary for last 
 seven years, with minimum of ten-fiftieths at age 60, with 10 
 years' membership, and a maximum not to exceed two- 
 thirds of average salary. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 201 
 
 
 Table of Allowances. 
 
 
 No. of 
 
 Proportion 
 
 No of 
 
 Proportion 
 
 
 of average Salary 
 
 
 of average Salary 
 
 
 of last 7 years 
 
 
 of last 7 years 
 
 10 
 
 10 50ths 
 
 23 
 
 23 50ths 
 
 11 
 
 11 
 
 24 
 
 24 
 
 ' 
 
 12 
 
 12 " 
 
 25 
 
 25 
 
 ' 
 
 13 
 
 13 " 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 t 
 
 14 
 
 14 " 
 
 27 
 
 27 
 
 t 
 
 15 
 
 15 " 
 
 28 
 
 28 
 
 f 
 
 16 
 
 16 " 
 
 29 
 
 29 
 
 ' 
 
 17 
 
 17 " 
 
 30 
 
 30 
 
 ' 
 
 18 
 
 18 " 
 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 ' 
 
 19 
 
 19 " 
 
 32 
 
 32 
 
 ' 
 
 20 
 
 20 " 
 
 33 
 
 33 " 
 
 21 
 22 
 
 21 " 
 
 22 " 
 
 34 
 And 
 
 Two-thirds 
 
 
 
 upwards 
 
 maximum) 
 
 Failure of health before 
 10 years' membership.. 
 
 Failure of health after 
 completing 10 years' 
 membership. 
 
 Resignation or dismissal 
 of members. 
 
 Where member is obliged to leave service of, or his ser- 
 vices are dispensed with by the Company before com- 
 pleting 10 years' membership, he receives back his contri- 
 butions, if any, to the Old Fund and his subscriptions to 
 the Income Account of the New Fund, and a further sum 
 equal to one-half of such contributions and subscriptions. 
 
 Where member is obliged to leave service of, or his ser- 
 vices are dispensed with by the Company on account of 
 ill health, after completing 10 years' membership, and 
 before attaining age 60 years, he is entitled to receive 
 by way of superannuation an annual allowance during 
 remainder of life computed on basis similar to that on 
 which his retiring allowance would have been computed 
 if he had attained age 60 years, but such allowance shall 
 not be less than ,£20 a year in the case of 10 years' mem- 
 bership, increasing at the rate of £2 for each additional 
 year of membership up to a minimum of .£30 a year. 
 
 Where member voluntarily or on notice from the Di- 
 rectors (except for misconduct) retires from the service, he 
 receives back whole of his contributions, if any, to Old 
 Fund, and his subscriptions to the Income Account of the 
 New Fund. 
 
202 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Death before 
 superannuation. 
 
 Where member dies before receiving superannuation 
 allowance, his proper representatives are entitled to receive 
 a sum equal to double amount of his contributions, if 
 any, to Old Fund and of his subscriptions to Income 
 Account of the New Fund. 
 
 Death after 
 superannuation. 
 
 Commutation of 
 superannuation allowance. 
 
 Where death occurs while in receipt of superannuation 
 allowance under the New Scheme before receiving such 
 allowance for two years, the proper representatives are 
 entitled to receive a sum equal to difference between 
 amount of superannuation allowance and the aggregate 
 amount such member may have received by way of super- 
 annuation allowance. 
 
 The Superannuation Committee may, under prescribed 
 conditions, pay to any member becoming entitled to or in 
 receipt of superannuation allowance, at his request, a 
 sum in one payment, in full satisfaction and discharge of 
 all claim on his part for superannuation or other allowance. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Contribution. 
 
 Minimum and 
 maximum allowances. 
 
 Midland Railway. 
 
 (2,761.25 miles; 71,091 employes.*) 
 *Mileage made up: 
 
 Midland Railway 1,376.25 miles. 
 
 Joint Lines 1,385.00 " 
 
 Conducts "Midland Railway Superannuation Fund," 
 established in February, 1870. 
 
 Members contribute 2+ per centum on actual salary, with 
 like subscription by the Railway Company. 
 
 Allowance in proportion to average salary received 
 during membership. Minimum and maximum allowances 
 ranging on a graduated scale; entrants under age 28 
 receiving 22.75 per centum after 10 years' and 100 per 
 centum after 45 years' completed service; entrants at age 
 48 and over receiving 15.17 per centum after 10 years' and 
 33.50 per centum after 22 years' membership; intervening 
 ages and years of membership carrying proportionate 
 allowances. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 203 
 
 Compulsory membership. 
 
 Women. 
 
 
 
 Table 
 
 of Allowances. 
 
 
 
 3 
 
 Superannuation 
 
 in Percentage of Average Salary 
 
 -O"0 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 ■£2 
 
 For all entrants 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 prior to March 
 
 For entrants since March 1 
 
 , 1885, aged 
 
 
 OS 
 
 ^ o 
 
 1, 1885, and 
 those under 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 o o 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 b o 
 
 28 years of 
 
 28 
 
 33 
 
 38 
 
 43 
 
 48 
 
 cS - 
 
 age since 
 March 1, 
 
 1885 
 
 and under 
 33 
 
 and under 
 38 
 
 and under 
 43 
 
 and under 
 48 
 
 and over 
 
 
 Col. (1) 
 
 (2) 
 
 (3) 
 
 (4) 
 
 (5) 
 
 (6) 
 
 10 
 
 22.75 
 
 20.68 
 
 18.96 
 
 17.50 
 
 16.25 
 
 15.17 
 
 11 
 
 25 
 
 22.73 
 
 20.83 
 
 19.23 
 
 17.86 
 
 16.67 
 
 12 
 
 27.25 
 
 24.77 
 
 22.71 
 
 20.96 
 
 19.46 
 
 18.17 
 
 13 
 
 29.5 
 
 26.82 
 
 24.58 
 
 22.69 
 
 21.10 
 
 19.67 
 
 14 
 
 31.75 
 
 28.86 
 
 26.46 
 
 24.42 
 
 22.68 
 
 21.17 
 
 15 
 
 34.25 
 
 31.14 
 
 28.54 
 
 26.35 
 
 24.46 
 
 22.83 
 
 16 
 
 36.5 
 
 33.18 
 
 30.42 
 
 28.08 
 
 26.07 
 
 24.33 
 
 17 
 
 38.75 
 
 35.23 
 
 32.29 
 
 29.81 
 
 27.68 
 
 25.83 
 
 18 
 
 41 
 
 37.27 
 
 34.17 
 
 31.54 
 
 29.29 
 
 27.33 
 
 19 
 
 43.25 
 
 39.32 
 
 36.04 
 
 33.27 
 
 30.89 
 
 28.83 
 
 20 
 
 45.75 
 
 41.59 
 
 38.12 
 
 35.19 
 
 32.68 
 
 30.50 
 
 21 
 
 48 
 
 43.64 
 
 40 
 
 36.92 
 
 34.29 
 
 32 
 
 22 
 
 50.25 
 
 45.68 
 
 41.87 
 
 38.65 
 
 35.89 
 
 33.50 
 
 23 
 
 52.75 
 
 47.95 
 
 43.96 
 
 40.57 
 
 37.68 
 
 
 24 
 
 55 
 
 50 
 
 45.83 
 
 42.31 
 
 39.29 
 
 
 25 
 
 57.25 
 
 52.05 
 
 47.71 
 
 44.04 
 
 40.89 
 
 
 26 
 
 59.75 
 
 54.32 
 
 49.79 
 
 45.96 
 
 42.68 
 
 
 27 
 
 62 
 
 56.36 
 
 51.67 
 
 47.69 
 
 44.29 
 
 
 28 
 
 64.5 
 
 58.64 
 
 53.75 
 
 49.62 
 
 
 
 29 
 
 66.75 
 
 60.68 
 
 55.62 
 
 51.35 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 69.25 
 
 62.95 
 
 57.71 
 
 53.27 
 
 
 
 31 
 
 71.75 
 
 65.23 
 
 59.79 
 
 55.19 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 74 
 
 67.27 
 
 61.67 
 
 56.92 
 
 
 
 33 
 
 76.5 
 
 69.55 
 
 63.75 
 
 
 
 
 34 
 
 79 
 
 71.82 
 
 65.83 
 
 
 
 
 35 
 
 81.5 
 
 74.09 
 
 67.92 
 
 
 
 
 36 
 
 83.35 
 
 76.36 
 
 70 
 
 
 
 
 37 
 
 85.20 
 
 78.64 
 
 72.08 
 
 
 
 
 38 
 
 87.05 
 
 81.14 
 
 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 88.90 
 
 83.41 
 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 90.75 
 
 S5.91 
 
 
 
 
 
 41 
 
 92.60 
 
 88.41 
 
 
 
 
 
 42 
 
 94.45 
 
 9091 
 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 96.30 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 44 
 
 98.15 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 45 
 
 100 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 As revised in 1897. 
 
 All salaried officers required to become members from 
 time of admission to the service. 
 
 Women employed by Company as salaried officers may 
 be admitted as members, but do not have the right to such 
 
204 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 admittance without the express sanction of the Com- 
 mittee in each case. 
 
 Voluntary resignation. 
 
 Member leaving Company's service, honorably, of his 
 own accord, receives back all his own contributions, with- 
 out interest. 
 
 Death before 
 superannuation. 
 
 Where member dies before superannuation takes place, 
 there is paid to his proper representatives a sum equal to 
 amount of his own contributions and the contributions of 
 the Company on his behalf, up to time of death, without 
 interest ; and in absence of such representatives the Com- 
 mittee may pay a sum not exceeding ,£50 to his widow 
 and children or either or any of such persons. 
 
 Membership over 
 28 years of age. 
 
 Contributing member over 28 years of age at date of 
 admission has the option, by making increased contri- 
 butions (including back payment if necessary), of becoming 
 entitled to rates of pension provided by Column 1 of above 
 scale of allowances, subject to following conditions: 
 
 a. — As regards members after January 31, 1899, 
 declaring such option, back payments (which 
 include compound interest at 5 per centum per 
 annum) must be fixed by the Committee, which 
 also prescribes dates of payment. 
 b. — Any such option will only take effect after three 
 years' increased payments have been made. Any 
 member pensioned within three years after declar- 
 ing such option receives back his extra payments 
 (contributions and interest) with 4 per centum 
 compound interest thereon. 
 c. — Scale of contributions (all payable by member) 
 beyond 2\ per centum as above indicated is as 
 follows : 
 
 Age 28 and under 33 \ "per centum. 
 
 " 33 " " 38 - 1 
 
 " 38 " " 43 1£ " 
 
 " 43 " " 48 2 " 
 
 " 48 and above 2J " 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 205 
 
 Death before drawing 
 specified superannuation. 
 
 Retirement' after 10 years' 
 membership from ill health. 
 
 Retiring age. 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Where member dies before drawing out as superannua- 
 tion an amount equal to his own contributions and those 
 of Company in his behalf, the balance remaining of such 
 contributions is paid to his proper representatives. 
 
 Where, after 10 years' membership, a member retires 
 from the service on account of ill health or infirmity, such 
 illness not being occasioned by causes within his own con- 
 trol, the Committee is empowered to authorize his retire- 
 ment and participation in the Fund, regardless of attain- 
 ment of age of 60 years. 
 
 Average age of retirement, 65 years. 
 
 Receipts, from all sources, during the period February 1, 
 1870, to January 31, 1904, about .£1,230,275, of which 
 amount the total contributions of the members and the 
 Company approximated ,£375,994 each, or an aggregate 
 of .£751,988. 
 
 Disbursements, for allowances, during the above-men- 
 tioned period were about ,£275,500, and the operating 
 expenses approximately .£8,900. 
 
 Number of superannuated members January 31, 1904, 
 was 270, and total membership 10,139. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Compulsory membership. 
 
 Membership age. 
 
 North British Railway. 
 
 (1,442 miles; 22,000 employes.) 
 
 Conducts "North British Railway Superannuation 
 Fund Association," established October 1, 1883. 
 
 Membership obligatory for officers and servants of the 
 Company entitled to contribute to and participate in 
 Fund benefits, when under 50 years of age. 
 
 From March 1, 1904, any salaried officer whose age 
 exceeds 50 but does not exceed 55 years, may be admitted 
 to membership by arrangement with the Committee. 
 
 
206 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Contribution. 
 
 Members contribute at rate of 2^ per centum on actual 
 salary, with like subscription by Railway Company. 
 
 Allowances. 
 
 Allowance tables. 
 
 Allowance in percentage of average salary for last seven 
 (7) years, with minimum of 20 per centum after 10 years' 
 membership, with 2 per centum additional for each com- 
 pleted contributory year up to 33 years, or 66 per centum, 
 34 years and upwards, 66§ per centum. Minimum annuity, 
 £30. 
 
 Allowances at different ages are in accordance with the 
 
 following tables. 
 
 Age 60 with 10 years' 
 membership. 
 
 Retirement on or after November 1, 1902, upon attain- 
 ing age 60, with 10 years' membership, in accordance with 
 following table : 
 
 Table A. 
 
 Years of 
 
 Contribution 
 
 completed 
 
 Superannuation 
 
 Years of 
 
 Contribution 
 
 completed 
 
 Superannuation 
 
 in percentage of 
 
 average Salary of 
 
 last 7 years 
 
 in percentage of 
 
 average Salary of 
 
 last 7 years 
 
 Years 
 
 Per centum 
 
 Years 
 
 Per centum 
 
 10 
 
 20 
 
 23 
 
 46 
 
 11 
 
 22 
 
 24 
 
 48 
 
 12 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 50 
 
 13 
 
 26 
 
 26 
 
 52 
 
 14 
 
 28 
 
 27 
 
 54 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 28 
 
 56 
 
 16 
 
 32 
 
 29 
 
 58 
 
 17 
 
 34 
 
 30 
 
 60 
 
 18 
 
 36 
 
 31 
 
 62 
 
 19 
 
 38 
 
 32 
 
 64 
 
 20 
 
 40 
 
 33 
 
 66 
 
 21 
 
 42 
 
 34 and upwards 
 
 66§ 
 
 22 
 
 44 
 
 
 
 Aged 30 or upwards 
 on admission. 
 
 Every salaried officer 30 years of age or upwards has 
 the option, to be declared on admission, of contributing at 
 rate of 2h per centum on salary, entitling to superannua- 
 tion on retirement at age 60 or upwards, according to fol- 
 lowing Table B, or of contributing at the higher rates named 
 in Table C, entitling: to allowances shown in Table A. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 207 
 
 Member over 40 years of age contributing higher rates 
 contributes according to Table C. 
 
 Table B. 
 
 Years of 
 
 Superannuation 
 
 \ ears of 
 Contribution 
 
 completed 
 
 Superannuation 
 
 Contribution 
 completed 
 
 in percentage of 
 
 average Salary of 
 
 last 7 years 
 
 in percentage of 
 
 average Salary of 
 
 last 7 years 
 
 Years 
 
 Per centum 
 
 Years 
 
 Per centum 
 
 10 
 
 s 
 
 23 
 
 25 
 
 11 
 
 9 
 
 24 
 
 261 
 
 12 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 28 
 
 13 
 
 11 
 
 26 
 
 30 
 
 14 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 32 
 
 15 
 
 13 
 
 28 
 
 34 
 
 16 
 
 141 
 
 29 
 
 36 
 
 17 
 
 16 
 
 30 
 
 38 
 
 18 
 
 171 
 
 31 
 
 41 
 
 19 
 
 19 
 
 32 
 
 44 
 
 20 
 
 20* 
 
 33 
 
 47 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 34 and upwards 
 
 50 
 
 22 
 
 231 
 
 
 
 Table C. 
 
 Irregular retirement 
 allowances. 
 
 Commutation. 
 Retiring age. 
 
 Age at Entry as a Contributing 
 Member 
 
 Rate of Contribution in percentage 
 
 of Salary for Superannuation 
 
 Allowance according to Table A 
 
 Years next birthday 
 
 Per centum 
 
 31 and not exceeding 35 
 36 " " " 40 
 41 " " " 45 
 46 " " " 50 
 51 " " " 55 
 
 31 
 
 41 
 51 
 61 
 
 71 
 
 Entrants at age 51 and upwards are not entitled to a superannuation 
 allowance at age 60, but only after completing ten years' contributions and 
 retiring from the service. 
 
 Retirements before compliance with regular or ordinary- 
 conditions carry provisions, for the member or his proper 
 representatives, according to circumstances, correspond- 
 ing with those hereinbefore announced for similar funds 
 conducted by railways of Great Britain. 
 
 Commutation of allowance permitted. 
 
 Average age of retirement, 63 years. 
 
208 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Receipts, from all sources, during the period October 1, 
 1883, to December 31, 1903, .£225, 14S 16s. 3d., and during 
 the year ended December 31, 1903, .£16,947 15s. 2d. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Disbursements, for all expenses, during the above-men- 
 tioned period, .£62,065 18s. 10d., and during the year 
 ended December 31, 1903, ,£7,621 13s. 3d. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Members on December 31, 1903, 2,705. 
 
 North Eastern Railway. 
 
 (1,669.5 miles; 51,356 employes.*) 
 
 (♦Represents number of employes as of December 31, 1902.) 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Conducts "North Eastern Railway 
 Fund," established January 1, 1882. 
 
 Superannuation 
 
 Admission age. 
 
 Maximtmi age for regular admission to membership, 
 40 years. 
 
 Admission when over 
 40 years of age. 
 
 Committee is empowered to make special and exceptional 
 arrangements with any salaried officer or servant 40 years 
 of age and upwards at time of entering the service, as to 
 amount of contribution or benefit to be derived, or both, 
 and to admit him to be a contributing member on the foot- 
 ing of such arrangement. 
 
 Women members. 
 
 Women employed as salaried officers may be admitted 
 as members on same terms as men, but have not the right 
 to such admittance without express sanction of the Com- 
 mittee in each case. 
 
 Contribution. 
 
 Members contribute at rate of 2\ per centum on actual 
 salary, with like subscription by the Railway Company. 
 
 Retirement. 
 
 Retirement allowances and conditions similar to those 
 obtaining generally with like funds conducted by English 
 railways, as hereinbefore described. The scale of retire- 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 209 
 
 ment for ordinary purposes, after 10 years' membership 
 and attaining age 60 years and upwards, is as follows : 
 
 Retiring age. 
 
 Commutation. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Scale of Retirement. 
 
 Years of 
 
 Contribution 
 
 completed 
 
 Superannuation 
 in percentage of 
 average Salary 
 
 Years of 
 
 Contribution 
 
 completed 
 
 Superannuation 
 in percentage of 
 average Salary 
 
 Years 
 
 Per centum 
 
 Years 
 
 Per centum 
 
 10 
 
 25 
 
 28 
 
 46 
 
 11 
 
 26 
 
 29 
 
 47 
 
 12 
 
 27 
 
 30 
 
 48 
 
 13 
 
 "28 
 
 31 
 
 50 
 
 14 
 
 29 
 
 32 
 
 51 
 
 15 
 
 30 
 
 33 
 
 52 
 
 16 
 
 32 
 
 34 
 
 53 
 
 17 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 54 
 
 18 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 55 
 
 19 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 56 
 
 20 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 58 
 
 21 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 60 
 
 22 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 61 
 
 23 
 
 40 
 
 41 
 
 62 
 
 24 
 
 42 
 
 42 
 
 63 
 
 25 
 
 43 
 
 43 
 
 64 
 
 26 
 
 44 
 
 44 
 
 65 
 
 27 
 
 45 
 
 45 or upwards 
 
 67 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Average age of retirement for year 1903, 63.97 years. 
 
 Commutation of allowance permitted. 
 
 Receipts, from all sources, since inauguration to December 
 31, 1903, ,£703,543 19s. 7d., and during the year ended 
 December 31, 1903, £52,605 2s. Od. 
 
 Disbursements, for all expenses, during the above- 
 mentioned period, £177,160 9s. 2d., and during the year 
 ended December 31, 1903, £17,164 12s. 6d. Expenditure 
 for allowances since inauguration, £99,076; average an- 
 nual allowance per capita for 1903, £50 17s. Od. 
 
 Members at end of 1903, 6,318. 
 
210 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Clearing House Fund. 
 
 Railway Clearing System Superannuation Fund Corporation. 
 This Corporation includes a number of English railways 
 coming within the purview of Reportorial assignment. The 
 salient characteristics of the Fund will be discussed herein- 
 after under the caption "Public and Private {Outside) 
 Provision" {vide pp. 297, 298, 299). 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Railway management. 
 
 General comment. 
 
 Distribution of employes 
 by departments. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Central South African Railways. 
 
 (1,374 miles; 25,556 employes.) 
 
 The railways of these colonies have only recently come 
 under the control of the Imperial Government. 
 
 The railways are managed by a Commissioner of Railways 
 and a General Manager. Financial matters are under the 
 control of an Inter-Colonial Council with His Majesty's 
 High Commissioner in South Africa as President. The 
 remaining members of the Council are the Commissioner 
 of Railways, the Treasurers of the Transvaal and Orange 
 River Colonies, and nominated representatives of the 
 public of the two (Crown) Colonies. 
 
 A scheme has been drafted, and is now under considera- 
 tion, to provide superannuation or other retiring allow- 
 ances to officers and employes in the service who become 
 contributors to the fund. 
 
 Contributions and allowances on same lines as for similar 
 funds with English railways. 
 
 Following is table showing distribution of employes by 
 departments as of December 31, 1903: 
 
 Department 
 
 Salaried 
 and Cleri- 
 cal Staff 
 
 Other 
 
 white 
 
 employes 
 
 Natives 
 
 Total 
 
 Traffic 
 
 1,035 
 
 253 
 
 186 
 
 71 
 
 61 
 
 228 
 
 154 
 
 38 
 
 2,261 
 
 3,089 
 
 2,820 
 
 22 
 
 2 
 
 1 
 
 144 
 
 8 
 
 2,652 
 
 2,368 
 
 9,337 
 
 213 
 
 186 
 
 16 
 
 398 
 
 13 
 
 5,948 
 
 Locomotive. 
 
 5,710 
 
 Maintenance 
 
 12,343 
 
 Telegraph. _ 
 
 306 
 
 MedicaL _.... 
 
 249 
 
 Accounting 
 
 245 
 
 Stores 
 
 696 
 
 General Manager's 
 
 59 
 
 
 
 Totals 
 
 2,026 
 
 8,347 
 
 15,183 
 
 25,556 
 
 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 211 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Admission age. 
 Financing. 
 
 Natal Government Railways. 
 
 (679 miles; 4,835 employes, Europeans.) 
 
 The present organization is styled the "Natal Govern- 
 ment Public Employes' Superannuation Fund," framed 
 under Act No. 29, 1897, and effective January 1, 1898, 
 which embraces all persons in the public employ not entitled 
 to pension or retiring allowance under any other Law, Act, 
 or Scheme. Up to December 31, 1897, there had been in 
 operation the "Natal Government Railways Superannua- 
 tion Fund," effective as of January 1, 1885, and which 
 embraced the following employes: 
 
 a. — Principal officers of the Department and clerks 
 and other European officials attached to their 
 offices. 
 b. — Station masters, clerks and checkers. 
 c. — Inspectors, foremen. 
 The Railways Fund was incorporated, without prejudice 
 to its members, with the wider Government scheme under 
 said Act No. 29, 1897. 
 
 The united Funds are controlled by a member of the 
 Cabinet for the time being. The controlling Minister has 
 hitherto been the Treasurer of the Colony. There is a 
 Secretary appointed by the Government. This Secretary 
 has hitherto been the Chief Accountant of Railways, and 
 he obtains clerical assistance from a member of the Railway 
 accounting staff. 
 
 Maximum age for entrance to the Fund, 40 years. 
 
 Fund is financed by a percentage deduction from salaries 
 and wages of contributors (amounting to 2\ per centum of 
 actual salaries), and an equal sum paid by the Government 
 in each half-year. Only other source of revenue is the 
 interest accruing from investments. Proportions derived 
 under each head during year 1903-1904 were: 
 
 Contributions by members ,£4,923 6s. Od. 
 
 Contributions by Government 4,956 19s. 7d. 
 
 Interest on investments...- 3,292 18s. 6d. 
 
212 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Following scale is observed when making deductions on 
 pay bills in respect of contributions at ordinary rate of 2\ 
 
 per centum: 
 
 s. d. s. d. 
 
 From any sum not exceeding. 3 4 Id. 
 
 From any sum between. 3 5 and 6 8 inclusive 2d. 
 
 6 9 " 10 " 3d. 
 
 10 1 " 13 4 " 4d. 
 
 . 13 5 " 16 8 " 5d. 
 
 16 9 " 20 " 6d. 
 
 Example : 
 
 £ s. d. s. d. £ s. d. 
 
 Wages for one week 3 3 
 
 Deduction in respect of 3 0=1 6 
 
 3 0=0 1 17 
 
 Balance. £3 15 
 
 Scale for making deductions. 
 
 Provided that the deductions shall cease till the end of the current 
 year so soon as they reach a total of 2 \ -per centum of the total wages for 
 the year. 
 
 Retirement. 
 
 Voluntary retirement at age 60 years and over, with 10 
 years' membership, entitles to life allowance or annuity, 
 by way of superannuation, in accordance with prescribed 
 scale of allowances, computed on the average of the salary 
 upon which contribution was made, the minimum and 
 maximum yearly allowances being respectively, for 10 
 years' membership, .£25, and for 45 years' membership and 
 upwards, ,£67, allowances for intervening ages being in 
 proportion based on ascending scale. 
 
 Age of 60 years above mentioned, may be reduced by 
 the Minister by not more than five (5) years, whenever 
 circumstances of the case may warrant special consideration. 
 
 Other Fund provision, by way of allowance, corresponds 
 closely with the practices of like Funds conducted by 
 English railways (vide supra). 
 
 Average retiring age. 
 
 Average age of retirement on allowance, 55 years. 
 
Superannuation Provision. 
 
 213 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 No. members. 
 Beneficiaries. 
 Deaths. 
 
 Railway management. 
 
 Old scheme. 
 
 Total expenditure since organization, .£22,175 14s. Od., 
 
 made up: 
 
 Refunds to members leaving Public 
 
 service £17,298 18s. 5d. 
 
 Superannuation allowances 2,895 5s. 3d. 
 
 Salaries - - 1,447 17s. lOd. 
 
 Stationery, printing, and books 236 3s. 4d. 
 
 Auditors' and Solicitors' fees 288 15s. Od. 
 
 Sundries - - ----- 8 14s. 2d. 
 
 Number of contributing members, 950. 
 
 Number of beneficiaries being carried, 22. 
 
 Number of deaths since organization, 26. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 New South Wales Government Railways. 
 
 (3,042.5 miles; 14,313 employes.) 
 
 The railways are controlled by the State. The New 
 South Wales railways differ in regard to ownership and 
 control from most of the railways represented in the Rail- 
 way Congress. They are entirely owned by the State, but 
 to free them as far as possible from detail political control, 
 they are entrusted to a Board of Commissioners (3), whose 
 appointment and functions are provided for in the Govern- 
 ment Railways Act. The Commissioners deal only with 
 lines open, the policy of where new lines are to be made 
 being controlled by the State Government and Parliament, 
 and the construction of new railways being carried out by a 
 State Government department known as the Department 
 of Public Works, and the lines when completed are handed 
 over to the Commissioners to manage. Before, however, a 
 new line is submitted to Parliament, the Railway Com- 
 missioners are required by law to report on its financial 
 prospects, and if it is decided to undertake its construction, 
 they are the constituted authority to decide on the position 
 of stations, sidings, etc. 
 
 Prior to placing control of railways under three Com- 
 missioners, in 1888, officers with yearly salary were com- 
 pelled to contribute 4 per centum thereon to a Superannuation 
 Fund, to entitle to a gratuity of one month's pay for each 
 
214 
 
 Superannuation Provision. 
 
 Present plan. 
 
 Distribution of employes 
 by grades of occupation. 
 
 year's service under 15, and a pension for 15 years' service 
 or over, calculated on average salary during last three years' 
 service at rate of one-sixtieth of such average for each year 
 of service. Only about 3 per centum of the staff now belong 
 to this Fund, which is not controlled by the Railway Com- 
 missioners, but by the State Public Service Board, under 
 whom practically all other Government servants are em- 
 ployed. All others joining the service since 1888 are 
 obliged to insure their lives until retiring age of 60 years, 
 when the amount of insurance is paid to them, and this 
 varies from ,£50 to ,£500. Employes paid at daily wage 
 rate not insured, or not contributing to Superannuation 
 Fund, are allowed upon voluntary retirement £2 for each 
 year of service, provided they have completed 10 years' 
 service. 
 
 Following table shows distribution of employes by 
 occupations : 
 
 Class. Number of. 
 
 General officers. (Heads of Branches) 11 
 
 Other officers. (Balance of salaried officers, including the 
 
 most important officers other than Heads of Branches).... 216 
 
 General Office clerks 657 
 
 Station agents. (Officers in charge of stations, day or 
 night; the duties of goods and passenger traffic are inter- 
 woven) - 611 
 
 Other station men. (Wage hands employed at station)... 1,785 
 
 Enginemen. (All locomotive engine-drivers) 592 
 
 Firemen. (All locomotive engine-firemen). 681 
 
 Cleaners of locomotive engines 839 
 
 Conductors. (Guards and assistant guards) 489 
 
 Other train men. (Sleeping-car conductors)- 19 
 
 Machinists 90 
 
 Carpenters.. - 141 
 
 Other shopmen. (Exclusive of trades specially given) 1,176 
 
 Section foremen. (Gangers of permanent-way lengths)—. 459 
 
 Other trackmen. (Fettlers of permanent-way lengths).— 1,262 
 
 Switchmen. (Signalmen) 217 
 
 Flagmen. (Gatekeepers) 640 
 
 Watchmen 24 
 
 Train despatchers - None so 
 
 classified. 
 
 Telegraph operators.. 53 
 
 Employes — account float equipment No similar 
 
 designation 
 
 All other employes and laborers 3,039 
 
 Shunters 243 
 
 Carriage and wagon builders 206 
 
 Fitters > 414 
 
 Turners 140 
 
 Boilermakers - — 102 
 
 Blacksmiths H7 
 
 14,313 
 
United States. 
 Brief sketch. 
 
 Assessment rates. 
 
 Part taken by railways. 
 
 Medical staff. 
 
 Prescriptions, etc. 
 
 Specialists. 
 
 Sanitation and hygiene. 
 
 First railway hospital 
 department. 
 
 D. — Hospital Service. 
 America. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Hospital service on account of railway employes was the 
 earliest form of relief to which recourse was had. Apart 
 from its socio-pathological attributes, it appealed to the 
 men directly from the standpoint of the primary law of 
 self-preservation. 
 
 The average assessment rates are 25 and 50 cents monthly, 
 with an average maximum of $1.00 per month. 
 
 The railway companies usually provide the hospital 
 buildings and other quarters, furnish free transportation to 
 and from same, and not infrequently assume responsibilitv 
 for operative deficiencies. 
 
 Medical staff commonly consists of Chief, Division, and 
 Local Surgeons and Physicians, distributed at convenient 
 points along the lines of road, and a corps of Hospital Sur- 
 geons, with strictly in-door or house surgeons. 
 
 Prescriptions are prepared and distributed to applying 
 members, and trusses, bandages, and sundry prosthetic 
 agencies are supplied on request. 
 
 The hospitals also command the services of necessary 
 specialists, such as the Aurist, Throat and Lung Specialist, 
 Oculist, Neurologist, Dermatologist, and Bacteriologist. 
 
 Many of the departments devote special attention to 
 sanitative and hygienic matters. 
 
 The first Hospital Department organized for railway 
 employes in this country, invested with the characteristics 
 now prevailing, was one in connection with the Southern 
 Pacific Railway, started in the State of California in 1868. 
 (215) 
 
216 
 
 Hospital Service. 
 
 Points of difference from 
 railway relief schemes. 
 
 Purpose of assessment. 
 
 Prohibited ailments. 
 
 Members of families treated. 
 
 Outside hospitals availed of. 
 
 Railway emergency stations. 
 
 Resident physicians. 
 
 The Hospital Department differs from the various railway 
 company insurance and relief department schemes, under 
 which the sick and injured employe-member is insured and 
 protected against loss of time, with accident and sickness 
 benefits, and death benefit payments to designated repre- 
 sentatives; a further difference existing in the fact that an 
 employe signing an application in the company organiza- 
 tion agrees, as a rule, to relinquish rights of litigation for 
 injuries received, accepting in lieu thereof the benefits 
 extended by the company scheme.* 
 
 The monthly assessment is contributed for the purpose 
 of sustaining the Hospital Department, and all compensa- 
 tion for injuries sustained are commonly settled for by the 
 railway companies according to the legal merit of each case. 
 
 Employes suffering from chronic diseases or those arising 
 from vicious acts are not entitled to hospital benefits. 
 
 In some instances members of the families of employes 
 are treated in the hospitals at reduced rates. 
 
 A great many railways, particularly in the eastern section 
 of the country, where the population is dense, and numerous 
 independent State, municipal, and private hospitals exist, 
 do not deem the provision of distinctive Hospital Depart- 
 ments necessary, such roads having agreements with inde- 
 pendent hospitals along their lines for the admission and 
 treatment of their employes on liberal terms. 
 
 Other roads, while contracting with outside hospitals in 
 this relation, have also emergency hospitals located at 
 terminal points, which are provided with medical and 
 surgical supplies and appliances, and are in charge of what 
 are known as "Company Surgeons." 
 
 Again, some of the roads have regularly appointed 
 physicians, residing at various points on the lines, to give 
 relief in cases of train accidents. 
 
 * As to relinquishment of rights of litigation, see data on "Railway Relief 
 Department," p. 33, last paragraph. 
 
Hospital Service. 
 
 217 
 
 Housing provisions. The Hospital Department or Association usually em- 
 
 braces the General Hospital, Division Hospitals, Emergency 
 Stations or Hospitals, Contract Hospitals, and Dispensaries. 
 
 Patients. 
 
 Employe patients are classified as "In-Patients" and 
 "Out-Patients." 
 
 Roads replying to 
 Reporter, in United States. 
 
 Following is a list of railways in the United States report- 
 ing hospital service, viz.: 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Sante Fe Railway (Coast Lines) ; 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Sante Fe Railway (proper) ; 
 
 Atlantic Coast Line Railroad ; 
 ♦Baltimore & Ohio Railroad ; 
 
 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad; 
 ♦Boston & Maine Railroad; 
 
 Butte, Anaconda & Pacific Railway; 
 
 Chesapeake & Ohio Railway; 
 ♦Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway; 
 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad ; 
 
 Denver & Rio Grande Railroad ; 
 
 Duluth & Iron Range Railroad; 
 
 Duluth, Missabe & Northern Railway; 
 
 El Paso & Northeastern Railway; 
 *Erie Railroad; 
 
 Gila Valley, Globe & Northern Railway; 
 
 Gulf, Colorado & Sante Fe Railway; 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad; 
 ♦Indianapolis Union Railway; 
 
 International & Great Northern Railroad ; 
 
 Kansas City Southern Railway; 
 ♦Lake Shore & Michigan Southern Railway; 
 
 Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway ; 
 
 Missouri Pacific Railway; 
 ♦Norfolk & Western Railway; 
 
 Northern Pacific Railway; 
 
 North Shore Railroad; 
 
 Oregon Railroad & Navigation Company ; 
 
 Oregon Short Line Railroad ; 
 
218 
 
 Hospital Service. 
 
 * Pennsylvania Railroad System, East and West; 
 
 * Philadelphia & Reading Railway; 
 *Ouincy, Omaha & Kansas City Railroad ; 
 
 Rio Grande, Sierra Madre & Pacific Railroad; 
 
 St. Joseph & Grand Island Railway; 
 
 St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad; 
 
 St. Louis Southwestern Railway; 
 
 San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railway; 
 
 Southern California Railway; 
 
 Southern Pacific Company (Pacific System); 
 
 Southern Pacific Company (Sunset Route) ; 
 
 Southern Railway; 
 
 Texas & Pacific Railway; 
 
 Texas Central Railroad; 
 
 Texas Midland Railroad; 
 
 Toledo, St. Louis & Western Railroad; 
 
 Wabash Railroad. 
 
 Summarization of 
 reportorial results in 
 United States. 
 
 Funeral benefits. 
 
 Climating change. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 The foregoing list comprises 35 railway companies with 
 distinctive hospital organization, representing an aggregate 
 of approximately 70,000 miles of roadway, with about 
 360,000 employes, and providing treatment annually for 
 upwards of 275,000 cases. The roads preceded by an 
 asterisk (*) come within the category of railways extending 
 strictly contractual or general outside hospital service out 
 of purely railway revenue. 
 
 Some of the hospital organizations provide special funeral 
 allowances and burial furnishings. 
 
 Two or three of the larger departments, notably the 
 Atchison, Topeka & Sante Fe and the Missouri Pacific 
 Departments, afford their members the advantages and 
 benefits of climatic changes by a method of hospital transfer. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Railroad, besides having contracts 
 with independent hospitals along its lines, also employs, 
 in connection with its Relief Department, a special medical 
 corps, consisting of surgeons and physicians residing at con- 
 venient points on its various divisions and branches, and 
 
Hospital Service. 
 
 219 
 
 Hospital car. 
 
 also operates what is known as the "Hospital Car Service," 
 being a specially constructed car, manned by skilled 
 medical representatives, and thoroughly equipped with 
 medical and surgical supplies and appliances, the service 
 being primarily to take care of the traveling public in the 
 event of accidents on trains, and as well train or other 
 employes in emergencies. 
 
 First-aid relief. 
 
 The Company also makes special provision for extend- 
 ing first-aid relief to injured persons. Two plans have been 
 adopted in this direction, namely, "First- Aid Packet" and 
 "Emergency Box." 
 
 First-aid packet. 
 
 What is known as the " First- Aid Packet" contains six 
 smaller packets in a tin box, hermetically sealed, which, 
 in turn, is enclosed in a sealed wooden box, each of the 
 small packets carrying the following contents, viz. : two anti- 
 septic compresses of sublimate gauze in oiled paper ; one anti- 
 septic bandage of sublimate cambric, with safety-pin; and 
 one triangular bandage, with safety-pin. The packet is 
 accompanied by a tag, directing that if seal of tin box is 
 broken the box must be forwarded at once to the nearest 
 shop to be replaced by one properly sealed, which when 
 received is placed in wooden box and the latter sealed. 
 When the tin box is opened for emergency treatment, 
 report must be made to the proper Division Superintendent 
 of the name of the person injured, and the nature of the 
 accident, in order that he may make report to the proper 
 officer of the Company in relation thereto. These packets 
 are placed in every engine and caboose in the train service 
 and at all the principal stations, also in yard offices. That 
 the men may be duly qualified to render first aid a series 
 of lectures is delivered to them, from time to time, in 
 bodies of fifty men specially selected for attendance, and 
 including all the departments of the service. These lectures 
 are uniform, the same lecture being delivered throughout 
 the entire system by the Company's corps of Medical Ex- 
 aminers, and comprehends practical instructions and dem- 
 onstrations for the emergency treatment of all the condi- 
 
220 
 
 Hospital Service. 
 
 P. R. R. emergency box. 
 
 Stretcher service. 
 
 General orders. 
 
 Cost to Pennsylvania 
 System during 1903. 
 
 tions arising in connection with all manner of train acci- 
 dents. The principal subjects discussed are the following, 
 viz.: Shock, Fracture, Dislocations, Hemorrhage, Burns 
 and Scalds, and Wounds in general. This course of 
 lectures was started on October 1, 1904. 
 
 There has been adopted a standard medicine case, 
 known as the "P. R. R. Emergency Box." 
 
 This first-aid emergency box is placed at large stations 
 and agencies, with full instructions as to the use of its 
 contents, which, in a general way, include Medicines, 
 Bandages and Plasters, and Surgical Instruments. The 
 contents of each box comprehend provision for immediate 
 treatment of the following ailments, viz. : Colic, Diarrhoea, 
 Cramp or Flatulency; Fever, Flatulence, and Nausea; 
 Flatulent Colic and forming stages of Cholera Morbus; 
 Headache, Heartburn, Acid Stomach or Sick Stomach; 
 Coughs, Colds, Hoarseness, Bronchitis, and Sore Throat; 
 Nervous Headache, Restlessness, Sleeplessness, or other 
 nervous disturbance; Inflamed and Bruised Surfaces; 
 Burns and Scalds; Frost Bites, Bunions and Enlarged 
 Joints; Sore Mouth and Gums; Rheumatism, Neuralgia, 
 Sprains, Bruises, and Chronic Pains on any part of the 
 body ; Hemorrhage of the nose, gums, and minor cuts, or 
 where a Local Styptic can be used; Sprains, Contusions, 
 and Dislocations ; Toilet Lotion ; removing cinders or other 
 matter from the eye, etc. 
 
 There is also in operation a systematic arrangement for 
 supplying stretchers to all baggage, wrecking, and main- 
 tenance of way cars. 
 
 In addition to the foregoing, general orders have been 
 issued requiring the giving of instructions to all trainmen, 
 and others concerned, on extending first aid to the 
 injured. 
 
 The approximate cost to the Pennsylvania System East 
 and West of Pittsburgh, for hospital service, during the 
 year ending December 31, 1903, was $20,567.50, made up: 
 
 Lines East... $18,370.00 
 
 Lines West 2,197.50 
 
 $20,567.50 
 
Hospital Service. 
 
 221 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Cases treated. 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Mexican Central Railway. 
 
 (3,154 miles; 18,730 employes.) 
 
 Conducts "Mexican Central Railway Medical Depart- 
 ment," established in 1883. 
 
 Membership at end of 1903, 18,730. 
 
 Number of cases treated since institution, 270,987; 
 average number per annum, 12,000. 
 
 Character of service. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 National Lines of Mexico. 
 
 (3,228.19 miles; 16.00S employes.) 
 
 Conduct a combined hospital service for the merged 
 lines constituting the s}^stem, namely, the National Rail- 
 road Company of Mexico, with a mileage of 1,612.19 miles, 
 the Mexican International Railroad Company, with a 
 mileage of 880 miles, and the Interoceanic Railway of 
 Mexico, with a mileage of 736 miles. The three lines were 
 merged early in year 1904, and the hospital service originally 
 conducted by each line was consolidated into one general 
 service known as the "Combined Hospital Service." 
 
 Affairs of the service are conducted by a Hospital Board, 
 consisting of ten members, chosen from the officers of the 
 three lines. 
 
 Maintained by contributions from employes and from 
 the several railway companies, made monthly. 
 
 Contributions by employes are based on salary received, 
 and are deducted on pay-rolls of the companies, in accord- 
 ance with the following scale: 
 
 Monthly Saiary 
 
 $50 or less 
 
 Over $50 and less than $100 
 
 $100 and less than $200 
 
 $200 and less than $300 
 
 $300 and less than $400 
 
 $400 and less than $500 
 
 $500 or over 
 
 Monthly 
 Contribution 
 
 $0.50 
 0.75 
 1.00 
 2.00 
 3.00 
 4.00 
 5.00 
 
 
222 
 
 Hospital Service. 
 
 Character of service. 
 
 Medical and surgical attendance, care, and maintenance 
 furnished free of charge. Hospitals are located at termini 
 and elsewhere on the lines; climatic conditions, general 
 surroundings, convenience, and adaptability all being 
 considered when determining their location. 
 
 Railway contribution. 
 
 Each of the three lines contributes $150.00 monthly, 
 Mexican money {the dollar of Mexico has, under the coining 
 rate of the United States as established by Act of Congress, 
 March 3, 1873, a value of 90 cents and 9 mills), or a total of 
 $450.00 a month. 
 
 Statistics. 
 
 The report on the Hospital Service Fund of the National 
 Railroad Company of Mexico for the year 1903 shows the 
 receipts during the year amounted to $67,376.07, and the 
 expenditure to $53,451.54, the cash balance on hand at 
 the close of the year having been $37,843.45. Of the 
 receipts the Railroad Company contributed $2,413.83, 
 made up: 
 
 From Railroad Company direct $1,800.00 
 
 From Railroad Company for fines col- 
 lected from employes 613.83 
 
 The total expenditure included an item of $4,117.77 for 
 "Extraordinary Expenses," such as replacements, repairs, 
 etc. During the year 5,117 patients were treated, at an 
 average cost per patient of $9.64. 
 
 Panama. 
 
 Panama. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Panama Railroad. 
 
 (50 miles; 1,972 employes.) 
 
 "Panama Railroad Company's Hospital," established 
 about 1860. 
 
 Managed and all expenses paid by Company. 
 
 Medical treatment is absolutely necessary on the Isthmus 
 owing to the prevalence of malarial and other fevers. 
 
Hospital Service. 
 
 223 
 
 Hawaii. 
 
 Company management. 
 
 Sandwich Islands. 
 
 Oahu Railway & Land Company (Hawaii). 
 
 (72 miles; 400 employes.) 
 
 Company conducts and manages hospital service for its 
 employes. 
 
 Uniform assessment of 50 cents per month. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Ambulance classes. 
 
 Great Central Railway. 
 
 (468 miles; 20,181 employes.) 
 
 No regular hospital service conducted by the Company. 
 A system of ambulance service is countenanced and 
 supported, the characteristics of which correspond with 
 those herein announced for the Great Western and the 
 London & North Western Railways (vide infra). 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Competitive examinations. 
 
 Great Western Railway. 
 
 (2,711 miles; 64,699 employes.) 
 
 Conducts hospital service under the name of "Great 
 Western Railway Centre of The St. John Ambulance Associa- 
 tion (being the Ambulance Department of The Grand Friary 
 of the Order of St. John of Jerusalem in England)," estab- 
 lished in 1896. 
 
 The purpose of the plan is to give instruction to the 
 Company's servants to enable them to render "First Aid" 
 in the event of accident to passengers or to their fellow- 
 employes upon the railways. 
 
 Maintained wholly by the Railway Company. 
 
 Competitive exhibitions given, prizes being awarded the 
 winners, the basis of participation being "individual work" 
 and "stretcher teams (of five men)." 
 
224 
 
 Hospital Service. 
 
 Competitive features. 
 
 Individual Work : Judged in one or more of the follow- 
 ing exercises, viz.: Artificial Respiration (Sylves- 
 ter's and Howard's methods), Bandaging, Arresting 
 Hemorrhage, Hand-Seats. Each man is required 
 to treat at least one suppositional case of injury 
 comprehended by the exercises just announced, 
 and to submit to a brief oral examination. 
 
 Stretcher Work : Four men required to treat as a 
 patient a fifth, whose injuries are described on a 
 label affixed to his clothing; he must be placed on 
 a stretcher of Furley (ordinary) pattern, carried to a 
 given point, and unloaded; the work will then be 
 inspected by the judge. 
 
 Examination results. 
 
 During the period 1888 to 1902, inclusive, 6,518 members 
 passed the first examination, 2,806 the second, and 1,562 
 the third. 
 
 London & North Western Railway. 
 
 (1,945* miles; 82,835 employes.) 
 
 Hospital service for the Company will be divided into 
 two heads, namely: 
 
 a. — Hospital Service. 
 b. — Ambulance Classes. 
 
 Hospital. 
 Inauguration. 
 
 a. — Hospital Service. 
 
 In connection with the Company's Works and Services 
 at Crewe (where over 10,000 men are employed), a small 
 hospital was established in 1863. 
 
 Service* 
 
 The hospital deals with cases of accident arising in the 
 works and on the line, there being no public institution 
 of the kind within twenty miles of the place. The premises 
 were extended from time to time until in 1900 an entirely 
 new hospital was built, with accommodation for sixteen 
 in-patients. 
 
Hospital Service. 
 
 225 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Other provision. 
 
 Hospital statistics. 
 
 Ambulance. 
 Original features. 
 
 Early classes. 
 
 Company starts 
 "first-aid" instruction. 
 
 Employes do not contribute toward maintenance of the 
 hospital, nor toward their own maintenance while in- 
 patients, and they have, consequently, no voice in its 
 management. 
 
 There is no other hospital of the kind on the railway 
 system. At a few of the large centres the Company has 
 special arrangements with local medical officers for the 
 treatment of cases of accident; but generally after the 
 first medical or surgical relief in urgent cases the workmen 
 have to procure treatment by their own doctors at their 
 own expense. 
 
 In 1902 there were 150 in-patients under treatment 
 3,466 days, including Sundays, and 1,317 out-patients 
 under treatment 28,757 days, excluding Sundays. Esti- 
 mated dressings or acts of treatment during the year were 
 10,904. 
 
 b. — Ambulance Classes. 
 
 Ambulance work, in a general way, was introduced by 
 the Company over 30 years ago, by supplying the larger 
 stations with certain ambulance appliances, such as stretchers 
 and tourniquets, but equipment of the kind could not be 
 prudently increased without instructing the staff in their 
 use. 
 
 In 1878 ambulance classes, composed of the staff, 
 began to be formed, and Company surgeons were, as far 
 as possible, employed as lecturers, "first-aid" books and 
 bandages being supplied to members at Company expense. 
 These materials were provided by the St. John Ambulance 
 Association in London (vide infra). 
 
 Until 1890 formation of Company classes was left largely 
 to the initiative of the employes themselves, but in that 
 year the Company undertook to organize "first-aid" 
 instructions from headquarters, and the work has been 
 regularly carried on since that date. Classes of not less 
 
226 
 
 Hospital Service. 
 
 Staff work in study. 
 
 Practical side of work. 
 
 General provision. 
 
 than 30 members are constantly being promoted in different 
 parts of the line. Books, bandages, and small anatomical 
 diagrams, etc., are provided for each member; while 
 stretchers, splints, lecturers' diagrams, etc., are supplied 
 for class use. A minimum number of five lectures, each 
 followed by instruction in practical work of bandaging, 
 arresting hemorrhage, methods of conveying the injured, 
 etc., are given to each class. At conclusion of lectures the 
 St. John Ambulance Association instructs one of its ex- 
 aminers to examine the candidates for the certificate or 
 medallion of the Association. 
 
 From beginning of 1897 to December, 1903, 4,240 mem- 
 bers of Company's staff had obtained certificates, and of 
 that number 1,405 had undergone a second course of in- 
 struction, while 654 had passed three examinations and 
 had been awarded the Association medallion. In addition, 
 the Company supplies a watch-chain badge to every 
 member obtaining a certificate, and the whole expense for 
 materials, class instruction, examination, awards, etc., is 
 borne by the Company. 
 
 The practical character of the movement is shown by 
 the fact that over 1,900 accidents, attended to by Company 
 ambulance members, were reported during 1903. 
 
 All the workshops, larger stations, steam sheds, etc., are 
 now provided with stretchers and hampers containing all 
 ambulance requirements. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Eastern Bengal State Railway System. 
 
 (1,003 miles.) 
 
 Conducts a Medical Department. 
 
 Managed and maintained exclusively by the Railway 
 administration; 9 hospitals and 3 dispensaries; conducted 
 under rules of Civil Medical Department of Government of 
 Bengal. 
 
Hospital Service. 
 
 227 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Attendance. 
 
 The officers consist of a Chief Medical Officer, 4 Civil 
 Assistant Surgeons, 5 Military Assistant Surgeons, and 
 13 Civil Hospital Assistants. The Chief Medical Officer 
 is appointed by the Government of India, and the others 
 by the Inspector General of Civil Hospitals for Bengal, 
 from the permanent medical staff attached to the Civil 
 Medical Department, Bengal. 
 
 Medical and surgical attendance furnished free of charge, 
 but nurses are not employed, except that nurses are pro- 
 vided by the Railway administration for infectious cases, 
 when employes go for treatment in railway hospitals. 
 Patients are treated until they recover or die. 
 
 Cases treated. 
 
 Cases attended per annum, 42,846. 
 
 Distribution of employes. 
 
 Management. 
 Officers. 
 
 East Indian Railway. 
 
 (2,297 miles; 77,022 employes.) 
 
 The employes have the following numerical distribution, 
 viz. : 
 
 Europeans - 1,512 
 
 *Eurasians 956 
 
 Natives 74,554 
 
 Conducts "East Indian Railway Medical Department," 
 under revised rules and regulations of 1896. 
 
 Managed and maintained wholly by Company. 
 
 The Department is under the supervision of the Chief 
 Medical Officer, with headquarters at Allahabad, who has 
 custody of the Company's medical stores in addition to 
 charge of the Allahabad Medical District. He makes all 
 appointments and dismissals, transfers, and exchanges of 
 the sanctioned staff of the Department on pay not exceed- 
 ing rupees 250 a month each, including temporary vacci- 
 nators, also remarks on all recommendations for additions 
 to or reductions in such staff when forwarding them to the 
 
 * A cross-breed between a European and an Asiatic. The term " Eurasia" is 
 sometimes used as a name for Europe and Asia conjoined. 
 
228 
 
 Hospital Service. 
 
 Agent of the Company. All applications for employment 
 in the Department, in posts the pay of which does not 
 exceed rupees 250 a month, are dealt with by him; and 
 all recommendations for increase of pay under the rules to 
 employes of the Department must be forwarded to him, 
 accompanied by a statement from the Medical Officer of 
 the district or the civil surgeon under whom service is 
 rendered, as to good conduct, efficiency, etc. The Chief 
 Medical Officer checks and countersigns all bills for con- 
 tingent expenditure, traveling allowances, and conveyance 
 hire, as well as bills for temporary establishments for 
 hospitals, dieting charges, etc., under the sanctioned scale. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Attendance. 
 
 Cases treated. 
 
 Great Indian Peninsula Railway. 
 
 (2,682.95 miles; 50,718 employes.) 
 
 Conducts 7 hospitals and 17 dispensaries; first hospital 
 established at Bombay in 1853, now known as the Byculla 
 Infirmary. 
 
 Managed and maintained wholly by Company, except 
 that at 5 stations the Company receives "Grants in Aid" 
 from the Government. 
 
 The regular staff of officers consists of 1 Superintending 
 Surgeon and 5 District Surgeons, selected and appointed 
 by the Home Board, and 1 Resident House Surgeon, 6 
 Assistant Surgeons, 9 Apothecaries, and 7 Hospital Assist- 
 ants, selected by the Superintending Surgeon and appointed 
 by the Agent of the Company. 
 
 Medical and surgical attendance furnished free at the 
 hospitals, nursing duties being performed thereat by male 
 attendants (i. e., ward boys), without charge. Employes 
 are charged for food when " in-patients," conformably with 
 a fixed scale of rates per diem. Treatment continues as 
 long as necessary, but no employe is allowed to remain 
 in the Company's hospital or any other hospital at Com- 
 pany expense more than three months without the special 
 permission of the Company's Agent. 
 
 Cases attended per annum, 98,765. 
 
Hospital Service. 
 
 229 
 
 Character of service. 
 
 Officer. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Road administration. 
 
 Oudh & Rohilkhand Railway. 
 
 (1,203 miles; 19,039 employes.) 
 
 Conducts a Medical Department, with apothecaries, and 
 employs 17 native doctors on its lines, also civil surgeons 
 at important stations, the latter receiving a fixed allowance 
 from the Railway for attendance on employes. There are 
 no railway hospitals, but 9 dispensaries are conducted. 
 Employes make no contributions. 
 
 The Department is in charge of a Chief Medical Officer 
 stationed at headquarters. 
 
 Maintained wholly by the State. 
 
 The Railway is operated under State control. There is 
 no real difference between a railway in India as operated 
 by State agency as contrasted with a line worked by a 
 company; the Manager representing the Agent on a com- 
 pany's line, and the Government of India taking the place 
 of a Board of Directors. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Central South African Railways. 
 
 (1,374 miles; 25,556 employes.) 
 
 Hospital service established in 1901, immediately on 
 Imperial Military authorities taking possession of the 
 country. It is a departmental section of the Railway 
 service. 
 
 Controlled by medical officers according to defined 
 districts, under the general supervision of a Chief Medical 
 Officer of the Railway, and subject to the General Manager 
 of the Railways. 
 
 Maintained from Railway administration funds, but it is 
 purposed to make a charge on behalf of wives and children 
 of employes. 
 
230 
 
 Hospital Service. 
 
 Two hospitals, one at headquarters and one at Railway 
 Camp where no local (public) hospital is available; the 
 administration making arrangements for treatment in 
 public hospitals where there are no railway hospitals. 
 
 Attendance. 
 
 Medical and surgical attendance free in connection with 
 actual hospital treatment. Nurses are only allowed free 
 of charge for accidents on duty through no fault or negli- 
 gence of the injured employe. No fixed period of treat- 
 ment, the duration thereof being dependent upon the 
 patient's ailment. The administration makes arrange- 
 ments for treatment of its staff in public hospitals where 
 no railway hospital exists. Employes killed in perform- 
 ance of duties and deceased employes leaving no funds for 
 defrayal of burial expenses are interred at the cost of the 
 administration. 
 
 Cases attended. 
 
 During the six months ended June 30, 1903, there were 
 53,833 visits made by professional medical staff to patients, 
 in addition to 1,085 visits over sections (or districts) of 
 the line. 
 
 Expenditures. 
 
 Expenditures account of Medical Department for the 
 same six months amounted to ,£29,340 Is. 9d. 
 
 General. 
 
 Natal Government Railways. 
 
 (679 miles; 4,835 employes Europeans.) 
 
 There are several hospitals connected with the Railways, 
 but these are provided for Indian laborers (a condition to 
 their indenture). 
 
 There are no hospitals provided for the European staff, 
 although at three important centres special terms are 
 allowed to members of the Railway staff using the public 
 hospitals. For instance, at the Government Hospital, 
 Durban, Railway employes are charged half rates; like- 
 wise at Grey's Hospital, Maritzburg; at the Ladysmith 
 Sanatorium no reduction is made in the rates, but the 
 Railway Department shares the expenses with the patients. 
 
Hospital Service. 
 
 231 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Financing. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Attendance. 
 
 Cases treated. 
 
 Uganda (Mombasa-Victoria) Railway. 
 
 (584 miles; 4,733 employes.) 
 
 Hospital service established in 1895. 
 
 Maintained and managed by the Government. 
 
 Only fee paid is that on occasion of accouchement of 
 wives of employes. 
 
 All Government employes are treated alike, whether 
 railway employes or not. 
 
 The medical staff is that of the British East Africa 
 Protectorate, and they attend to others than the railway 
 staff; in fact, they attend to railway employes as a part of 
 their duties. They are selected by the Foreign Office in 
 London, England. 
 
 Medical and surgical attendance and nurses are furnished 
 free of charge. A small charge is made per diem for a room 
 in hospital, to cover cost of food, washing, etc. 
 
 Average number of cases treated per annum, 1,400. 
 
E. — Savings Funds. 
 
 America. 
 
 United States. 
 Features. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Objects. 
 
 Number depositors. 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 Lines East. 
 Inauguration. 
 
 These savings institutions are conducted by railways 
 to receive such small sums as may be saved by their 
 employes, and sometimes certain members of their families, 
 and to invest and manage the same for the benefit of the 
 depositors, thus encouraging habits of prudence, thrift, 
 and economy among them, and enabling them to make 
 provision against accident, sickness, old age, and death. 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad System. 
 
 (4,410 miles; 55,688 employes.) 
 
 Conducts the "Savings Feature of the Relief Department," 
 established August 1, 1882, which affords opportunity to 
 employes and their near relatives to deposit their savings 
 and earn interest thereon, and also enables employes to 
 borrow money at moderate rate of interest and on easy 
 terms of repayment, for the purpose of acquiring and im- 
 proving a homestead or freeing it from debt. 
 
 Number of depositors at end of 1903 was 4,354. 
 
 Total disbursements to depositors since inauguration, 
 representing withdrawals, $3,625,664.41. 
 
 Total of deposits since institution, made up of deposits, 
 interest thereon, and dividends allowed, $6,183,807.32; 
 dividends allowed amounted to $185,282.64, or an average 
 annual dividend payment from 1890 to 1903, a period of 
 fourteen years, of 1£ per centum, making an average of 5£ 
 per centum paid depositors on their savings in the fourteen 
 years. 
 
 Pennsylvania System East and West of Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 (10,913.89 miles; 172,024 employes.) 
 
 Lines East. 
 
 "The Pennsylvania Railroad Employes' Saving Fund" 
 established January 2, 18SS. 
 (233) 
 
234 
 
 Savings Funds. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Conducted as a separate department of the Company, in 
 charge of a Superintendent, and operated under the super- 
 vision of a Board of Trustees, three in number, the members 
 of which are directors or officers of the Company. 
 
 Company responsibility. 
 
 Company is custodian of all moneys and securities belong- 
 ing to the Fund, and holds itself responsible for the proper 
 return of all securities in which Fund surplus is invested, 
 as well as return of deposits, together with a fixed rate of 
 interest, which at the present time is 3^ per centum per 
 annum; and also defrays operating expenditures, at the 
 present time amounting annually to about $8,000. 
 
 Change in rate of interest 
 allowance. 
 
 Fund regulations provide that no change shall be made 
 in the rate of interest allowed on deposits without six 
 months' previous notice to depositors, thus insuring against 
 sudden fluctuations in the earning power of savings. 
 
 Participation. 
 
 Any employe in the service whose regular pay does not 
 exceed $300 per month may become a depositor on making 
 application to one of the designated depositaries (usually 
 freight and passenger agents). 
 
 Maximum deposit. 
 
 No employe permitted to carry a balance in excess of 
 ),000, nor to deposit more than $100 in any one month. 
 
 Deposit procedure. 
 
 Deposit books must be taken to depositary each time a 
 deposit is made, that the transaction may be regularly 
 entered therein. Depositaries are supplied with duplex 
 tickets, one of which must be used to report every deposit 
 received, and the other (colored) ticket given to depositor, 
 who personally sends it to the Fund Superintendent in an 
 envelope furnished for the purpose. These duplex Savings 
 Fund tickets serve as an accounting check and safeguard 
 for deposits, and in that respect correspond with the 
 service performed by the "duplex cash fare slip," some- 
 
Savings Funds. 
 
 235 
 
 times styled "duplex memoranda," used by train con- 
 ductors, which is in two parts folded together so that 
 one punching or cancellation answers for both. 
 
 Return of deposits. 
 
 The Board, on giving thirty days' notice, may order the 
 return of any deposit with accrued interest. 
 
 Account closed on 
 leaving the service. 
 
 The Fund is intended for the benefit of employes, and 
 deposits will be received from them only while so employed. 
 When depositors sever their connection with the service, 
 their accounts with the Fund are closed within thirty days 
 thereafter, and interest will not be allowed after expiration 
 of that period. 
 
 Withdrawals. 
 
 Withdrawals call for ten days' notice to Superintendent, 
 in form of withdrawal notice obtainable from depositaries, 
 which notice, with depositor's book, is forwarded by depos- 
 itary to Superintendent, the depositor being given a receipt 
 for deposit book. On receipt of withdrawal notice and 
 deposit book, the Superintendent enters the amount to be 
 withdrawn in the book, deducting such amount from sum 
 on deposit, to show balance after such withdrawal; Super- 
 intendent then prepares and signs an order on Treasurer 
 for amount to be withdrawn, which, after being approved 
 for payment by the Comptroller or Assistant Comptroller, 
 is forwarded, with deposit book, to depositary designated 
 on the order, and can be obtained by depositor on surren- 
 dering the receipt given him when his book was originally 
 forwarded to the Superintendent. 
 
 Lines West. 
 
 Lines West. 
 
 Inauguration 
 
 General practice corresponds with that above outlined 
 for the Lines East. Savings feature established January 
 2, 1903, and fund known as "Employes' Saving Fund of 
 the Pennsylvania Lines West of Pittsburgh," being in 
 charge of and conducted by the "Pennsylvania Company." 
 
236 
 
 Savings Funds. 
 
 System statistics. 
 
 Lines East and West. 
 
 Receipts, East and West. 
 
 Disbursements, 
 East and West. 
 
 Fund total. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Due depositors. 
 
 Balance. 
 
 For the Year 1903 
 
 Lines East 
 
 Lines West 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 
 
 Balance on hand De- 
 cember 31, 1902 
 
 $3,408,250.50 
 1,260,229.50 
 
 111,799.44 
 
 26,041.66 
 
 8,417.93 
 
 
 Deposits 
 
 $188,472.00 
 
 Interest on securities 
 and cash balances... 
 
 Accrued interest on 
 securities 
 
 1,199.51 
 
 2,058.31 
 
 Operating expenses 
 contributed by com- 
 panies 
 
 4,537.76 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 
 
 Withdrawals 
 
 Operating expenses.... 
 
 $796,204.22 
 8,417.93 
 
 $21,219.35 
 4,537.76 
 
 General. 
 
 
 
 Total amount of 
 fund December 
 31, 1903 
 
 $4,010,116.88 
 
 $170,510.47 
 
 Interest allowed de- 
 positors at 3£% 
 
 127,587.09 
 
 2,813.97 
 
 Amount due depos- 
 itors Dec. 31,1903. 
 
 3,992,729.34 
 
 170,066.62 
 
 Balance on hand De- 
 cember 31, 1903 
 
 17,387.54 
 
 443.85 
 
 Statistics for period since Fund establishment to December 
 
 31, 1903. 
 
 Statistics for full 
 fund period. 
 
 Lines East. 
 
 Number of applications for deposit 
 
 books 20,133 
 
 Deposits $9,334,945.08 
 
 Withdrawals 6,400,892.71 
 
 Interest allowed depositors 1,058,676.97 
 
Savings Funds. 
 
 237 
 
 Assets for Lines 
 East and West. 
 
 Assets 
 
 Lines Hast 
 
 Lines West 
 
 Investment in ap- 
 proved securities .... 
 
 Cash on deposit with 
 CompanyTreasurer 
 
 Amount due bv Agts. 
 Dec. 31, 1903 
 
 $3,800,000.00 
 
 196,707.88 
 
 9,248.00 
 
 26,041.66 
 
 $151,870.00 
 
 2,148.09 
 
 14,832.00 
 
 Accrued interest to 
 Dec. 31, 1903 
 
 2,058.31 
 
 
 
 Less outstanding or- 
 ders on Treasurer ... 
 
 $4,031,997.54 
 21,880.66 
 
 $170,908.40 
 397.93 
 
 
 $4,010,116.88 
 
 $170,510.47 
 
 Depositors, 
 East and West. 
 
 Depositaries, 
 East and West. 
 
 Per capita balances. 
 East and West. 
 
 Statistical recapitulation. 
 
 Number of depositors December 31, 1903: 
 
 Lines East... -9,494 
 
 Lines West 959 
 
 Number of depositaries December 31, 1903: 
 
 Lines East 1,102 
 
 Lines West 648 
 
 Average balance to each depositor's credit at end of 1903 : 
 
 Lines East $420.55 
 
 Lines West 177.53 
 
 Statistical Recapitulation for Railway Saving Funds in 
 United States. 
 
 The combined total of depositors for the three railways 
 above discussed as of December 31, 1903, was 14,807 and 
 depositaries 1,895, the deposits and withdrawals since 
 organization having aggregated respectively $14,877,724.99 
 and $10,047,776.47. 
 
238 
 
 Savings Funds. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 General features. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Members. 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 Withdrawals. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 Withdrawals. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Members. 
 Deposits. 
 Withdrawals. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 The English railway savings banks are conducted as to 
 detail in very much the same manner as those in the United 
 States. The minimum deposit is about Id., and the maxi- 
 mum ,£5,000. Interest is paid at an average rate of 3^ per 
 
 centum per annum. 
 
 Great Central Railway. 
 
 (468 miles; 20,181 employes.) 
 
 Great Central Railway Provident Savings Bank, estab- 
 lished in 1860. 
 
 Number of depositors, 5,782. 
 
 Deposits since establishment, £1, 749,514. 
 
 Withdrawals since establishment, £1,331,265. 
 
 Great Eastern Railway. 
 
 (1,182.5 miles.) 
 
 Established about 1890. Managed and controlled by 
 Railway Company. 
 
 Great Northern Railway. 
 
 (939 miles.) 
 
 Established in 1897. 
 Deposits during 1903, £33,701 7s. 5d. 
 Withdrawals during 1903, £27,506 14s. 6d. 
 Great Western Railway. 
 
 (2,711 miles; 64,699 employes.) 
 
 Established January 1, 1892. 
 
 Number of depositors, 3,888. 
 
 Deposits since institution, £354,943 18s. Od. 
 
 Withdrawals since institution, £182,348 6s. 8d. 
 
Savings Funds. 
 
 239 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 Withdrawals. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Number depositors. 
 Number depositories. 
 Amount of deoosits. 
 
 Company responsibility. 
 
 Family depositors. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway. 
 
 (571.5 miles; 35,250 employes.) 
 
 Established in 1882. 
 
 Deposits since establishment, ,£590,885 15s. 5d. 
 
 Withdrawals since establishment, £340,688 lis. Id. 
 
 London & North Western Railway. 
 
 (1,945* miles; 82,835 employes.) 
 
 London & North Western Railway Savings Bank, estab- 
 lished January 1, 1895. 
 
 Number of depositors December 31, 1903, 6,386. 
 
 Number of depositories, about 1,000. 
 
 Deposits received in amounts of Is. and in multiples 
 of Is., and not more than ,£50 can be deposited upon a 
 single account in any one year. Depositors wishing, under 
 special circumstances, to pay in more than £50 in any one 
 year, are required to state their case in writing to Secretary 
 of the Company, who will notify of the Company's decision 
 in the matter in due course. 
 
 All deposits made with the bank are handed over to the 
 Company, which receives same and guarantees repayment 
 thereof and of any interest that may be due thereon; the 
 Company being entirely responsible for all deposits, for 
 the interest, and for cost of operations. 
 
 Wives and children (latter under age 16) of employes are 
 privileged to make deposits in bank. 
 
 Interest at rate of 3^ per centum per annum on sums up 
 to .£500, and 2\ per centum on sums in excess of £500, is 
 allowed, and calculated from first day of calendar month 
 next following the day on which £1 has been deposited or 
 completed, up to last day of calendar month preceding 
 day on which notice of withdrawal has been given. Interest 
 not allowed on fractions of £1. 
 
240 
 
 Savings Funds. 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 Withdrawals. 
 
 Balances. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Members. 
 Deposits. 
 Withdrawals. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Members. 
 Deposits. 
 Withdrawals. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Total deposits since establishment to December 31, 
 1903, £843,713 17s. Id. 
 
 Deposits during 1903, £88,840. 
 
 Total disbursements to depositors since establishment 
 to December 31, 1903, £391,147 17s. Od. 
 
 Withdrawals during 1903, £72,363 18s. lid. 
 
 Balance standing to credit of 6,386 open accounts, 
 December 31, 1903, £551,611 Is. lid., or an average credit 
 of £86 for each open account. 
 
 London & South Western Railway. 
 
 (1,009 miles; 25,000 employes.) 
 
 Established under authority of Various Powers Act of 
 1876 of South Western Railway. 
 
 North British Railway. 
 
 (1,442 miles; 22,000 employes.) 
 
 Established February 1, 1878. 
 Number of depositors January 31, 1904, 2,982. 
 Deposits since institution, £1,473,284 19s. 5d. 
 Withdrawals since institution, £1,230,193 9s. 7d. 
 North Eastern Railway. 
 
 (1,669.5 miles; 51,356 employes.) * 
 
 Established in 1860. 
 Number of depositors, 9,932. 
 Deposits since institution, £1,579,593 Is. Od. 
 Withdrawals since institution, £1,158,618 6s. 2d. 
 Tafj Vale Railway. 
 
 (124.25 miles; 4,386 employes.) 
 
 Established in August, 1895. 
 
 * Represents number of employes as of December 31, 1902. 
 
Savings Funds. 
 
 241 
 
 Members. 
 Deposits. 
 Withdrawals. 
 Asia. 
 
 Number of depositors, 310. 
 
 Deposits during 1902 amounted to £3,005 9s. 5d. 
 Withdrawals during 1902 amounted to £1,663 3s. 2d. 
 Asia. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Minimum and 
 maximum deposits 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Acts as agent for depositors. 
 
 East Indian Railway. 
 
 (2,297 miles; 77,022 employes.) 
 
 Savings Bank established under regulations made by 
 Secretary of State for India, pursuant to provisions of East 
 Indian Railway Company Purchase Act of 1879, and 
 stvled the "East Indian Railway Savings Bank." 
 
 Management and control vested in the Agent and the 
 Chief Auditor of the Company, at Calcutta. 
 
 Minimum deposit 1 rupee; maximum in any year cannot 
 exceed 500 rupees; and maximum amount on deposit to 
 credit of depositor cannot exceed 1,000 rupees. 
 
 Interest allowed on deposits at rate of 3£ per centum per 
 annum. 
 
 Depositors may purchase Government securities through 
 the Bank, and the institution also acts as agent for sale of 
 such securities, charging small fees for the service. 
 
 Managerial expenses are paid out of and are a charge on 
 interest returns on investments. 
 
 Government Savings Bank. 
 
 Africa. 
 Natal Government Railways. 
 
 (679 miles; 4,835 employes, Europeans.)* 
 
 The Natal Government Savings Bank is the only institu- 
 tion of the kind in the Colony. The Railway Department 
 gives every facility to the employes to make use of the Bank, 
 by deducting any amounts desired from the pay-bills and 
 
 * Note. — The first railway introduced in Africa was the two-mile line in Natal, 
 extending from the Point to the town of Durban, opened in 1860. 
 
242 
 
 Savings Funds. 
 
 Deposits. 
 
 Minimum and maximum 
 deposit. 
 
 Deposit procedure. 
 
 Repayment. 
 
 Deposits by Europeans. 
 
 then forwarding same to the Bank authorities, by whom all 
 the accounts are kept, and who forward the deposit-book 
 back direct to the depositor. The Railway Department 
 never sees the depositor's bank-book, it being sent direct to 
 the Bank, and returned by that institution in like manner. 
 
 Deposits are received at the office of the Controller of 
 the Savings Bank, Pietermaritzburg, and at the offices of 
 designated Magistrates situated in various parts of the 
 Colony. 
 
 No deposit of less than 2s. will be accepted, nor will more 
 than £25 be received on any one day. Only one deposit 
 will be received on any one day. 
 
 Declaration made and signed by depositor on making first 
 deposit, announcing willingness to comply with Bank rules. 
 Pass-book provided each depositor, which must be produced 
 on making or withdrawing any deposit, the amount of which 
 is inscribed in words at length, and attested by Receiving 
 Officer. Deposits or withdrawals may be made at any 
 branch of the Bank after an account has been opened. 
 Depositors are prohibited from having more than one 
 account open in their own names. Deposits may, under 
 prescribed conditions, be made in trust for other persons. 
 
 Where repayment is desired, application therefor is made 
 to Controller of Savings Bank, or at any branch office, on 
 special form, the pass-book being produced at same time. 
 
 Immediate repayment of any sum not exceeding £20 may 
 be had in Maritzburg on payment of a fee of Is. 
 
 Authority for repayment of any sum not exceeding £20 
 may be procured by telegraph at a charge of 2s. to cover 
 cost of telegram to the head office, and the reply thereto. 
 
 In the case of deposits by Europeans, the following par- 
 ticulars are given : 
 
 a. — Depositor's name in full. 
 b. — Occupation. 
 c. — Residence. 
 
Savings Funds. 
 
 243 
 
 Deposits by Natives. 
 
 Deposits by Indentured 
 Indians. 
 
 Interest. 
 
 Yearly addition of interest. 
 
 Railway Department 
 instructions. 
 
 In case of deposits by Natives, the name of depositor's 
 father and tribe, and that of the Chief under whom he lives, 
 or last lived, is inserted, as well as the name and present 
 residence of the depositor. 
 
 In case of deposits by Indentured Indians, the Indian's 
 number, as well as name, must be inscribed on the pass-book 
 and entered in the ledger. 
 
 Interest payable to depositors is at the rate of three 
 pounds and fifteen shillings per centum per annum, or such 
 other rate as may from time to time be decided upon by the 
 Governor in Council, on every complete pound deposited, 
 and is computed from the first day of the calendar month 
 next following the day on which a complete pound shall 
 have been deposited, or on which deposits of a less amount 
 shall have made up a complete pound up to first day of 
 calendar month in which moneys are withdrawn. No 
 interest allowed on any larger sum than ,£100. 
 
 Pass-books must be forwarded to Controller of Savings 
 Bank, Maritzburg, once in each year on the anniversary day 
 on which the account was opened, in order that they may be 
 compared with the books of the Department, and the in- 
 terest due to the previous 30th June inserted. 
 
 The Railway Department has issued special instructions 
 to employes as to procedure to be observed in making 
 deposits and withdrawals, and the General Manager recom- 
 mends the members of the staff generally to make the fullest 
 use of the facility the Government has granted, with the 
 view of assisting them to cultivate habits of thrift. 
 
 
F. — Co-operative Capital Stock Purchasing Scheme. 
 
 America. 
 
 United States. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Investment plan. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Company retains stock. 
 
 Basis. 
 
 Certificates issued against 
 shares. 
 
 Participation. 
 
 Withdrawals. 
 
 Great Northern Railway Company. 
 
 (5,599 miles ; 29,761 employes.) 
 
 The Company conducts a plan, effective June 1, 1900, 
 somewhat similar to that in vogue with the Illinois Central 
 Railroad Company (vide infra), to provide for the invest- 
 ments of employes. 
 
 The object of the plan, as set forth in circular issued by 
 President of the Railway Company under date of May 1, 
 1900, is to give the Company's old and faithful employes 
 opportunity to invest their savings in a manner which will 
 allow them to benefit through the Company's dividends, 
 and by that means provide for them a safe investment and 
 enable them to share in the Company's prosperity. 
 
 It does not involve either a gift or a sale of stock to 
 employes. 
 
 As now conducted, the plan was based on the setting 
 aside, originally, by the Board of Directors of the Railway 
 Company of ten thousand (10,000) shares of stock, with a 
 par value of $100 each, or an aggregate value of $1,000,000, 
 to be handled by a company known as " The Great North- 
 ern Employes' Investment Association, Limited." 
 
 Certificates are issued against these shares, in multiples 
 of $10. (See form of Certificate, infra.) 
 
 Any employe, excepting day laborers, may buy $10 worth 
 and upward of these certificates, provided he has been in 
 the employ of the Railway Company for a period of three 
 (3) years and does not receive over $3,000 pay, the maximum 
 total amount for which an employe may subscribe being 
 $5,000. 
 
 Employes holding certificates are privileged to withdraw 
 at any time, receiving the full amount and dividends 
 accrued at that date. 
 (245) 
 
246 
 
 Co-operative Capital Stock Purchasing Scheme. 
 
 Dividend payments. 
 
 Status of ownership. 
 
 Net investment for 
 employes. 
 
 Value of outstanding 
 certificates. 
 
 The Company guarantees payment of 6 per centum 
 interest on certificates taken out between dividend dates, 
 from the date of such certificates to the next ensuing 
 dividend date ; and also guarantees the same rate of interest 
 on certificates redeemed from the last dividend date to the 
 date of such redemption. Between dividend dates, it is 
 guaranteed that the certificate-holder shall receive the 
 same percentage as interest on his certificate as the Com- 
 pany pays in dividends on its stock. Interest on the 
 principal of certificate is paid by the Investment Company 
 in the form of quarterly dividend payments. 
 
 Investment Company holds the shares of stock in trust 
 for the purpose of receiving dividends earned and declared 
 thereon, and of paying the amount of such dividends 
 received by it to employes of the Railway Company holding 
 specially designed and duly registered certificates issued 
 by the Investment Company against such shares of stock; 
 such certificates not being assignable or transferable, either 
 absolutely or as security. The certificate-holder is not 
 liable for any assessment upon or obligation growing out of 
 the ownership of stock of the Railway Company. The 
 Investment Company may at any time serve notice upon 
 the registered holder of a certificate, requiring its surrender 
 for redemption. 
 
 Investment Company makes no charge to certificate- 
 holders on account of any service, cost, or expense growing 
 out of, incidental to, or connected with, the performance 
 of the contract. The Railway Company, in consideration 
 of the benefits that accrue to employes who make invest- 
 ments in certificates, as indicated, assumes payment of 
 all charges connected with the administration of the trust, 
 in order that the employes may receive the same rate and 
 proportion of dividends upon investments in certificates 
 issued as aforesaid as they would receive were they owners of 
 a like amount of the capital stock of the Railway Company. 
 
 At the close of October, 1904, there were outstanding 
 investment certificates worth about $710,000, and this 
 amount, it is stated, is gradually increasing. 
 
Co-operative Capital Stock Purchasing Scheme. 247 
 
 * 
 
 [Form or Investment Certificate.] 
 GREAT NORTHERN EMPLOYES' INVESTMENT COMPANY, Limited. 
 
 INVESTMENT CERTIFICATE. 
 
 $ o No 
 
 THIS CERTIFIES That the GREAT NORTHERN EMPLOYES' INVESTMENT COMPANY, 
 
 LIMITED, hereinafter called the "Company," has received from ' 
 
 an employe of one of the railwav companies named in paragraph one hereof 
 
 dollars! 
 
 in trust and subject to conditions as follows: 
 
 1. The Company has authority and right to subscribe for and receive a transfer of ten thousand (10,000) 
 shares of One Hundred Dollars ($100) each of the Capital Stock of the Great Northern Railway Company. It 
 has received, and now holds, shares of said stock to an amount equal to the amount of this certificate, and to 
 all outstanding similar certificates heretofore issued by it to employes of the Great Northern Railway Company, 
 the Eastern Railway Company of Minnesota, the Montana Central Railway Company, the Willmar & Sioux Falls 
 Railway Company and the Duluth, Watertown & Pacific Railway Company. 
 
 2. The Company holds such shares in trust for the purpose of receiving dividends earned and declared 
 thereon, and of paying the amount of such dividends received by it to employes of the said Railway Companies 
 holding such certificates, as provided in the next paragraph hereof. 
 
 3. The Company will pay to the holder of this certificate, interest at the rate of six per cent per annum, 
 upon the principal thereof, from the date of its issue until the first subsequent dividend date of the Great Northern 
 Railway Company; and after each dividend date of the Great Northern Railway Company subsequent to said 
 first one, the Company will pay to the holder of this certificate, out of dividends received by it, an amount per 
 dollar of said principal equal to the dividend per dollar paid to it by the Great Northern Railway Company upon 
 the said shares held by this company in trust. 
 
 4. The Company will keep a register in which it will enter the name of each employe of the several railway 
 companies named in paragraph one hereof, to whom it has issued investment certificates, the post office address 
 of such employe,' as given to it by such employe, and the number and amount of such certificate. 
 
 5. Certificates are not assignable or transferable, either absolutely or as security. 
 
 6. The Company will make payment of interest or dividends, as stated in paragraph 3 of this certificate, 
 to the registered holder thereof, at its office in Saint Paul, upon presentation of the certificate, or by check, mailed, 
 postpaid, to such holder, at his post office address, as shown by the register kept by the Company. 
 
 7. The registered holder of this certificate may at any time, upon written notice to this Company, demand 
 redemption of this certificate and repayment of the amount of the principal thereof. At any time after ten (10) 
 days from receipt of such notice by the Company, it will, upon presentation and surrender of this certificate, 
 pay to the registered holder thereof the principal thereof, together with all declared and payable, but unpaid, 
 dividends thereon. If the date fixed for redemption is not a regular dividend date, then the Company will pay 
 the principal of this certificate, together with interest at six per cent per annum thereon from the then last prior 
 dividend date of the Great Northern Railway Company. 
 
 8. The Company may at any time serve written notice upon the registered holder of this certificate, requir- 
 ing its surrender for redemption. Such notice may be delivered to such holder, or mailed to him postpaid, directed 
 to his post office address as shown by the register of the Company. Such notice shall state a time and place 
 for the surrender of the certificate for redemption, which time shall be not less than fifteen (15) days from the 
 date of the service or mailing of the notice. Upon presentation and surrender of the certificate for redemption 
 pursuant to such demand, and within the time fixed therein, this Company will pay to the registered holder of 
 such certificate the amount of the principal thereof, together with accrued, payable and unpaid dividends; and 
 if the date fixed for such surrender be subsequent to a regular dividend date, then the Company also agrees to 
 pay interest at the rate of six per cent per annum upon the said principal from the last prior dividend date to 
 the date fixed in said demand for the surrender of such certificate. 
 
 9. If the holder of this certificate fails to surrender it for redemption upon demand of the Investment Com- 
 pany, the Company will retain the amount then payable thereon, and will account therefor and pay the same to 
 the registered holder of such certificate upon its surrender for redemption, but will not pay or be chargeable with 
 the interest or dividends accruing thereon after the date fixed for redemption in said notice. 
 
 10. Should this certificate be lost or destroyed the Investment Company will, upon satisfactory proof of 
 such loss or destruction, and upon the execution and delivery to it of a satisfactory bond or undertaking, executed 
 by responsible parties, indemnifying it against any claim, cost or loss, growing out of the issue of such certificate, 
 pay the amount thereof to the owner as shown upon the register of the Company at the time of such loss or 
 destruction. 
 
 1 1 . The holder of this certificate will not be liable for any assessment upon or obligation growing out of 
 the ownership stock of the Great Northern Railway Company, and will have no interest in said stock, but will 
 have the right to share in dividends earned, declared and paid to the Investment Company thereon, as herein 
 provided. 
 
 12. The names and post office addresses of all executors or administrators of the estates of deceased holders 
 of outstanding certificates must be given to this Company to be entered by it in its register, and certified copy 
 of letters or orders appointing administrators or executors must be filed with it. Thereafter, pending the adminis- 
 tration of the estate, all notices and checks may be mailed, postpaid, to such executor or administrator, at his 
 address, as shown upon the register of the Company. 
 
 13. The Investment Company agrees that it will, in good faith, keep the conditions of this certificate, and 
 perform the duties of its trust, and that it will not assign or transfer shares of capital stock of the Great Northern 
 Railway Company held by it in trust, and will make no charge to the holder of this certificate on account of any 
 service, cost or expense, growing out of, incidental to, or connected with, the performance of this contract. 
 
 14. The Great Northern Railway Company, in consideration of the benefits that will accrue to the said 
 employes who may desire to invest with this Company, for the purposes herein set forth, has assumed the payment 
 of all charges connected with the administration of the trust, in order that the said employes may receive the same 
 rate and proportion of dividends upon investment certificates issued by this Company as they would receive had 
 they become owners of a like amount of the capital stock of the Great Northern Railway Company. 
 
 Given at Saint Paul, Minnesota, on the day of 1900. 
 
 GREAT NORTHERN EMPLOYES' INVESTMENT COMPANY, Limited, 
 
 By 
 
 Chairman. 
 
 Attest: 
 
 Secretary. 
 
248 
 
 Co-operative Capital Stock Purchasing Scheme. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Objects. 
 
 Stock quotation. 
 
 One share at a time. 
 
 Share certificate. 
 
 Additional share buying. 
 
 Transfer and dividends. 
 
 Interest allowance. 
 
 Return of deposits. 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad Company. 
 
 (4,301.10 miles; 34,249 employes.) 
 
 Company conducts a plan, inaugurated in May, 1893, 
 under which its employes may purchase its capital stock 
 upon the installment basis, the objects of which are stated 
 as being to encourage employes to become stockholders, 
 thus bringing them in close relation to each other, and 
 raising the standard of service thereby; also to induce the 
 habit of thrift among them. 
 
 On the first day of each month the Company quotes to 
 employes, through heads of their departments, a price at 
 which their applications will be accepted for the purchase 
 of Illinois Central shares during that month. 
 
 An employe is offered the privilege of subscribing for one 
 share at a time, payable by installments in sums of $5.00 
 or any multiple thereof. 
 
 On completion of payments the Company delivers to such 
 employe a certificate of the share registered in his name on 
 the Company's books. 
 
 The employe may then, if he desires, begin the purchase 
 of another share on the same plan. 
 
 The certificate of stock is transferable on the Company's 
 books, and entitles the owner to such dividends as may be 
 declared by the Board of Directors, and to a vote in their 
 election. 
 
 Any officer or employe making payments on this plan 
 receives interest on his deposits, at the rate of 4 per centum 
 per annum, during the time he is paying for his share of 
 stock, provided he does not allow twelve consecutive months 
 to elapse without making any payment, at the expiration 
 of which period interest will cease to accrue, and the sum at 
 his credit will be returned to him on his application therefor. 
 
 Employe making payments under this plan, who for any 
 reason may desire to discontinue them, can have his money 
 returned to him with accrued interest. 
 
Co-operative Capital Stock Purchasing Scheme. 
 
 249 
 
 Pay-roll deductions. 
 
 Refund on leaving service. 
 
 Cash purchases. 
 
 Where more than one 
 share is desired. 
 
 Company responsibility. 
 
 Total deposits. 
 
 Recapitulation for stock 
 schemes. 
 
 First payment in this relation is made from the first wages 
 due. Forms are provided on which the subscribing employe 
 authorizes a designated company official to retain from his 
 wages the amount of installment to be credited monthly to 
 the employe for the purchase of a share of stock. 
 
 Where an employe leaves the Company's service from any 
 cause, he must then either pay for the share in full and 
 receive certificate therefor, or take his money with accrued 
 interest. 
 
 An employe who has not already an outstanding applica- 
 tion for a share of stock under the plan, which is not fully 
 paid for, can in any given month make application for a 
 share for cash at the price quoted to employes for that 
 month, and he can in the same month, if he desires, make 
 application for another share on the installment plan. 
 
 Employes desiring to purchase more than one share at a 
 time for cash, address the Company's Vice-President, in 
 Chicago, who obtains for them from the New York office a 
 price at which the stock can be purchased. 
 
 Company assumes responsibility for deposits and entire 
 cost of operation of plan. 
 
 Total deposits (on which interest was allowed at 4 per 
 centum per annum) for investment in this direction, since 
 inauguration of the scheme to the end of 1903, amounted 
 to $578,022.29. 
 
 Statistical Recapitulation for Railway Co-operative Stock 
 Purchasing Schemes in the United States. 
 
 The two railway companies above discussed represent a 
 combined total of 9,900.10 miles of roadway and 64,010 
 employes, the aggregate value of stock investments by their 
 employes amounting to about $1,288,022.29, distributed as 
 follows, viz.: 
 
 Great Northern Railway employes.. $710,000.00 
 Illinois Central Railroad employes. 578,022.29 
 
 $1,288,022.29 
 
250 
 
 Co-operative Capital Stock Purchasing Scheme. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Co-operative institutions. 
 
 Following is given a list of Co-operative Institutions of 
 Railway Workers of Great Britain, with the date of their 
 establishment, the number of members, and the assets 
 at the close of 1902. 
 
 While these institutions do not partake of the character- 
 istics described for the plan in operation by the Great 
 Northern Railway and Illinois Central Railroad Companies 
 (vide supra), and are in no sense to be confounded there- 
 with, they are discussed under the above general subject 
 caption purely because of their investiture with co-opera- 
 tive attributes, and therefore more conveniently traceable 
 in that relation. 
 
 Railway Clearing House Clerks' Co-operative 
 Supply Association. 
 
 Instituted in year 1868. 
 Membership at end of 1902 was 822. 
 Investments and other assets at end of 1902 amounted 
 to £3,472. 
 
 Willesden Junction Railway Co-operative 
 Institute. 
 
 Instituted in year 1886. 
 Membership at end of 1902 was 274. 
 Investments and other assets at end of 1902 amounted 
 to £1,686. 
 
 Bradford & District Railway Servants' Coal 
 Supply Association. 
 
 Instituted in year 1893. 
 Membership at end of 1902 was 453. 
 Investments and other assets at end of 1902 amounted 
 to £478. 
 
Co-operative Capital Stock Purchasing Scheme. 251 
 
 Willesden Junction Railway Servants' 
 Refreshment Coffee Tavern. 
 
 Instituted in year 1899. 
 Membership at end of 1902 was 518. 
 Investments and assets at end of 1902 amounted to 
 £458. 
 
 Manchester & District Railway Servants' Coal 
 Supply Association. 
 
 Instituted in year 1895. 
 Membership at end of 1902 was 131. 
 Investments and assets at end of 1902 amounted to 
 £269. 
 
 Railway Workmen's Coal Association. 
 
 Instituted in year 1894. 
 Membership at end of 1902 was 265. 
 Investments and assets at end of 1902 amounted to 
 £164. 
 
 Leeds Railway Servants' Mutual Coal Supply 
 Association. 
 
 Instituted in year 1893. 
 Membership at end of 1902 was 139. 
 Investments and assets at end of 1902 amounted to 
 £124. 
 
 Northampton Railway Servants' Refreshment 
 Society. 
 
 Instituted in year 1902. 
 Membership at end of 1902 was 29. 
 Investments and assets at end of 1902 amounted to 
 £23. 
 
G. — Young Men's Christian Association Railway 
 Branches. 
 
 America. 
 
 Institution in America. 
 
 First railway branch 
 in U. S. 
 
 United States. UNITED STATES. 
 
 Origin of y. m. c. a. Notwithstanding the fact that the first Young Men's 
 
 Christian Association was organized in London, England, 
 June 6, 1844, none of the English railways made report of 
 these Association Branches in connection with their provi- 
 dent undertakings. 
 
 The Association first found lodgment in America, on the 
 London basis, at Montreal, Canada, November 25, 1851, 
 and in the United States at Boston, Mass., on December 
 29th of the same year. 
 
 It is in the United States that the railway department 
 has its chief and almost exclusive standing. Through the 
 reformation of a railway employe at Cleveland, Ohio, a 
 work was begun in the Union Station there which resulted 
 in the organization of the first railroad branch in the fall 
 of 1872, by the united efforts of the officers and employes 
 of the Cleveland, Cincinnati, Columbus & Indianapolis 
 Railroad. 
 
 At the close of 1903 there were 198 railroad departments 
 with 62,348 members, and 301 railroad secretaries. 
 
 Thirty-three new buildings were constructed in the past 
 two years, on the cost of which 50 per centum was contributed 
 by railroad employes and citizens. During 1903 there was 
 expended upwards of $328,000 on new railroad buildings, 
 at nineteen different points. 
 
 Vanderbilt System. The late Cornelius Vanderbilt, President of the New York 
 
 Central & Hudson River Railroad, was among the pioneers 
 in railroad work, having contributed $100,000 toward the 
 establishment of the first branch on his road, in 1875, at 
 New York city. 
 
 (253) 
 
 Statistics 
 
 Building operations. 
 
254 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association Railway Branches. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 Status of railroad 
 association in 
 United States. 
 
 First railway 
 branch building. 
 
 Privileges and features. 
 
 Educational courses. 
 
 The first branch on the Pennsylvania Railroad, at Phila- 
 delphia, Pa., finally organized November 18, 1886, although 
 originally undertaken May 1, 1876, was not fully housed until 
 1893, when approximately $140,000 had been raised and 
 disbursed by the joint efforts of officers and men. The 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Department Young Men's Christian 
 Association of Philadelphia, Pa., is the largest on the 
 Pennsylvania System of Lines, and is also the largest rail- 
 road branch in the world in point of membership (which 
 on December 31, 1903, numbered about 2,500), equipment, 
 and variety and extent of work. At the close of the same 
 year there were thirty-one Association branches on the 
 Lines of the System East and West of Pittsburgh, with a 
 total membership of 12,732, to which the Railroad Company 
 extended financial support. Some of these branches own 
 the buildings they occupy, but the larger number are 
 located in structures belonging to the Company. The 
 demonstrated benefits accruing to employes enjoying 
 membership in the Association branches have enlisted the 
 substantial and continuous support of the Company and 
 its principal officers. 
 
 In the United States companies controlling 79 per centum 
 of the total railway mileage recognize and support the rail- 
 road association. 
 
 The first railway association building was erected at 
 West Detroit, Michigan, in 1878. 
 
 The following privileges and features are usually pro- 
 vided in connection with the branches: Reading-Rooms ; 
 Social Rooms; Bath-Rooms; Rest-Rooms; Lunch-Rooms; 
 Bowling Alleys; Classes in Light Gymnastics; Libraries; 
 Educational Classes; Practical Lectures on Railroad 
 Topics; Social Receptions; Entertainments; Athletic 
 Fields; Out-door Sports; Temporary Hospitals; Religious 
 Services. 
 
 Educational courses, conducted for the most part through- 
 out the fall and winter months, and which are evidencing 
 pronounced increase in the variety and usefulness of the 
 
Young Men's Christian Association Railway Branches. 
 
 255 
 
 Fees. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Approved by- 
 railway officers. 
 
 Religious but not sectarian. 
 
 Religion not obtrusive. 
 
 Association management. 
 
 studies comprehended, are growing in popularity and value. 
 These courses embrace in their curriculum those commercial 
 and railroad branches a knowledge of which is of prime 
 importance to ambitious and progressive employes, and 
 particularly to those who would otherwise be debarred 
 from enjoying that encouragement and opportunity for 
 general intellectual training and improvement which ex- 
 perience has shown to be essential for individual advance- 
 ment in any chosen vocation. 
 
 The membership fee ranges from $3.00 to $5.00 per 
 capita per annum. 
 
 Maintenance is provided by membership and railway 
 contributions, in conjunction with nominal fees charged 
 for special features, such as class tuition, billiards and pool, 
 baths, etc. 
 
 Railway officials heartily and substantially endorse and 
 encourage the movement, which is considered of the highest 
 importance in developing spiritual, moral, mental, and 
 physical improvement. 
 
 The strength of the organization is due primarily to a 
 fact which for a time was an obstacle to enlisting corporate 
 support, namely, that it has a religious basis. 
 
 While the religious work of the Association is predominant 
 it is purely non-doctrinal and non-sectarian, and is so 
 subordinated to the general work as to in no appreciable 
 degree influence the healthy tone of activity in all the fields 
 comprehended. One of the prominent features in the 
 success of the movement rests on the fact that it is free 
 from sectarian complications, the religious work being of 
 such a broad, general character that it can be participated 
 in without intrenching upon denominational affiliations — 
 being based upon the simple principles of morality that are 
 accepted and recognized by all Christian people. 
 
 The management is under the supervision of the Inter- 
 national Committee of the Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion, by which a Railroad Department Secretary is appointed 
 where the size of the department warrants. 
 
 
256 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association Railway Branches. 
 
 Origin of International 
 Committee. 
 
 The international organization, from 1854 to 1863, con- 
 sisted of the confederated associations, the conventions 
 meeting annually and appointing a central committee to 
 publish the proceedings, call the next convention, correspond 
 with American and foreign associations, and promote the 
 organization of new associations. 
 
 At Chicago, in 1863, the name of Central Committee was 
 changed to Executive Committee, and at Baltimore, Md., 
 in 1879, it was styled, by formal vote, "The International 
 Committee," a title that had been applied to it for years. 
 Under the influence of its leadership chiefly, the railroad 
 associations have been developed. 
 
 The agents of this committee are called upon to visit 
 the points where railroad men are found in large numbers, 
 to study the conditions, making report to the company 
 concerned, and to aid the men in the field in establishing 
 the work upon a safe basis, placing the responsibility for 
 the work upon the men themselves, and securing the 
 necessary financial and moral support from the employ- 
 ing company. 
 
 Railroad association 
 management. 
 
 The control of each association is vested in a Committee 
 of Management, composed of employes representing the 
 different departments of the railroad service, all of whom 
 are members of the local association. The committeemen 
 are elected by the active members of the association, 
 except where the railroad association is a branch or depart- 
 ment of the general association of a city, in which case the 
 members of the Committee of Management are appointed 
 by the Board of Directors of the General Association upon 
 nomination by the railroad branch. 
 
 The executive officer of the railroad association is the 
 Secretary, who is selected by the local Committee of Man- 
 agement. 
 
 The work of the branch is done through various standing 
 committees, and the Secretary represents these committees 
 in the Committee of Management. 
 
 The various State Committees and the International 
 Committee give supervision, counsel, and aid, but do not 
 control the local association. 
 
Young Men's Christian Association Railway Branches. 
 
 257 
 
 Reports. 
 
 Health farm feature. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 List of roads reporting. 
 
 Statements and reports are rendered monthly by the 
 standing committees, the Secretary, and the Treasurer, to 
 the Committee of Management, and periodically to the 
 contributing railroad company; and reports are also sent 
 to the State and International Committees. 
 
 These reports cover the operations of all the departments 
 of the work, including finances, membership, condition of 
 property, extent to which various privileges have been 
 used, and any matters of general interest. 
 
 One of the latest Association efforts is known as "The 
 Association Health Farm," for the treatment of tubercu- 
 losis, and was started May 21, 1903. The farm is located in 
 the State of Colorado, about five miles northwest of the 
 well-known "lung cure" district, and covers about 100 
 acres of ground, 34 of which are devoted to fruit raising. 
 It comprehends permanent buildings for farm material, 
 produce and fruit storage, dining-rooms, parlor, reading- 
 rooms, etc., and upwards of 30 cottage tents, the latter 
 being occupied on the basis of one man to a tent. 
 
 The employes of the freight and passenger auditing 
 offices of the Accounting Department of the Pennsylvania 
 Railroad are among the owners of tents on the farm, each 
 of which costs $175. 
 
 Following is a list of roads in the United States from 
 which replies were received by the Reporter in this relation, 
 viz.: 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe (Coast Lines) ; 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (proper) ; 
 
 Atlanta, Knoxville & Northern Railway ; 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad ; 
 
 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad ; 
 
 Boston & Albany Railroad; 
 
 Boston & Maine Railroad; 
 
 Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway; 
 
 Chesapeake & Ohio Railway ; 
 
 Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad; 
 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railway; 
 
 Chicago & Western Indiana Railway; 
 
258 Young Men's Christian Association Railway Branches. 
 
 Chicago, Rock Island & Pacific Railway; 
 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway; 
 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway; 
 
 Delaware & Hudson Company; 
 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad; 
 
 Denver & Rio Grande Railroad; 
 
 Duluth, Missabe & Northern Railway; 
 
 Gulf, Colorado & Santa Fe Railway; 
 
 Houston & Texas Central Railroad ; 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad ; 
 
 International & Great Northern Railroad ; 
 
 Long Island Railroad; 
 
 Maine Central Railroad; 
 
 Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway; 
 
 Missouri Pacific Railway; 
 
 New York Central & Hudson River Railroad ; 
 
 New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad ; 
 
 New York, Ontario & Western Railway; 
 
 New Orleans & Northeastern Railroad; 
 
 Norfolk & Western Railway; 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad System, East and West; 
 
 Philadelphia & Reading Railway; 
 
 Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad; 
 
 St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad; 
 
 St. Louis Southwestern Railway System; 
 
 Southern Pacific Company (Pacific System) ; 
 
 Southern Pacific Company (Sunset Route) ; 
 
 Southern Railway; 
 
 Texas & Pacific Railway; 
 
 Wabash Railroad; 
 
 Wisconsin Central Railway. 
 
 Reportonai results. The above roads, 42 in number, are actively and directly 
 
 engaged in the operation and promotion of railway branches, 
 and embrace, approximately, 100,000 miles of roadway, 
 or about 49 per centum of the total railway mileage of the 
 United States, with upwards of 785,000 employes, or about 
 59 per centum of all railway employes of the country, quite 
 55,000 of whom are identified with railway branches, while 
 
Young Men's Christian Association Railway Branches. 
 
 259 
 
 the annual operative cost involved approximates $500,000. 
 The roads representing these figures are regular contributors 
 to the movement; there are, however, many others which, 
 while not directly identified with the work, are systematic 
 subscribers thereto. 
 
 List of American railways 
 reporting annual operative 
 cost for Y. M. C. A. 
 branches. 
 
 In verification of above-stated approximate annual 
 operative cost of railroad branches of the Young Men's 
 Christian Association — i. e., $500,000 — there will be pre- 
 sented next hereinafter a list of 28 of the roads named for 
 which the reported cost per annum aggregates, in round 
 numbers, $453,400; or, in other words, the roads in question 
 are identified with branches the annual cost of which foots 
 up the aggregate announced : 
 
 Annual No. 
 
 Cost Branches 
 
 No. 
 Employes 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (proper) 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. 
 
 Boston & Maine Railroad. 
 
 Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway. 
 
 Chesapeake & Ohio Railway _ 
 
 Chicago & Eastern Illinois Railroad.. 
 
 Chicago & Western Indiana Railroad— 
 
 Cleveland, Cincinnati, Chicago & St. Louis Railway- 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad— 
 
 Denver & Rio Grande Railroad. 
 
 Duluth, Missabe & Northern Railway 
 
 Houston & Texas Central Railroad 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad.. 
 
 Long Island Railroad 
 
 Maine Central Railroad.. 
 
 Missouri, Kansas & Texas Railway.. 
 
 Missouri Pacific Railway.. 
 
 New York Central & Hudson River Railroad. 
 
 New York, New Haven & Hartford Railroad. 
 
 New York, Ontario & Western Railway 
 
 Norfolk & Western Railway. 
 
 Philadelphia & Reading Railway.. 
 
 Pittsburgh & Lake Erie Railroad 
 
 St. Louis & San Francisco Railroad.. 
 
 St. Louis Southwestern Railway System.... 
 
 Southern Pacific System (Sunset Route). 
 
 Southern Railway. 
 
 Wabash Railroad.. 
 
 $12,000 
 
 2,500 
 
 45,000 
 
 15,400 
 
 16,800 
 
 2,800 
 
 15,700 
 
 70,000 
 
 36,500 
 
 2,000 
 
 3,000 
 
 3,800 
 
 8,500 
 
 4,500 
 
 2,500 
 
 24,000 
 
 45,000 
 
 20,000 
 
 4,500 
 
 1,800 
 
 32,000 
 
 9,500 
 
 2,000 
 
 14,000 
 
 10,000 
 
 8,000 
 
 11,600 
 
 30,000 
 
 2 
 
 * 
 
 9 
 3 
 
 10 
 2 
 1 
 
 11 
 9 
 1 
 1 
 1 
 3 
 2 
 1 
 6 
 
 11 
 
 17 
 1 
 1 
 6 
 4 
 1 
 4 
 1 
 1 
 5 
 
 4,984.11 j 
 3,330.30 : 
 2,281.77! 
 
 500.50 : 
 1,660.00 ! 
 
 750.00 i 
 48.58 
 1,891.02 
 
 965.30 
 2,429.15 ; 
 
 162.00 
 
 690.00 
 4,301.10 
 
 391.76 
 
 815.83 
 3,206.00 
 6,107.74 
 3,422.66 
 2,037.12 
 
 548.00 
 1,722.00 
 1,467.80 
 
 193.00 
 3,654.95 
 1,312.20 
 1,621.00 
 7.136.98 
 2,516.70 
 
 Total.. $453,400 
 
 60,147.57 
 
 21,979 
 46,378 
 23,205 
 
 4,454 
 12,821 
 
 4,988 
 
 1,419 
 12,684 
 33,307 
 
 9,344 
 528 
 
 5,391 
 34,249 
 
 5,415 
 
 4,172 
 
 9,497 
 33,747 
 49,852 
 29,876 
 
 4,168 
 15,394 
 23,721 
 
 7,246 
 14,666 
 
 6,106 
 11,672 
 30,821 
 12,869 
 
 469,969 
 
 ♦Baltimore & Ohio Railroad conducts its own library entirely distinct from the 
 Young Men's Christian Association. 
 
260 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association Railway Branches. 
 
 Statistics for 
 Pennsylvania Railroad 
 System. 
 
 The approximate cost to the Pennsylvania Railroad System 
 Bast and West of Pittsburgh, on account of Young Men's 
 Christian Association Railroad Branches and Libraries and 
 Reading-Rooms, during the year ending December 31, 1903, 
 was $61,692.48, made up: 
 
 Lines East $53,351.36 
 
 Lines West 8,341 .12 
 
 $61,692.48 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Extent of participation. 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Mexican Central Railway. 
 
 (3,154 miles; 18,730 employes.) 
 
 Contributes $100, Mexican money, toward support of 
 branch of Young Men's Christian Association conducted in 
 the City of Mexico, and which is administered on lines 
 similar to those of the railway branches of the Association 
 in the United States, vide supra. 
 
 Extent of participation. 
 
 National Lines of Mexico. 
 
 (3,328.19 miles; 16.00S employes.) 
 
 While the Lines are not directly identified with the 
 Railroad Department of the Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation, they make a monthly contribution of $100, Mexican 
 money, toward the support of the Association branch in 
 the City of Mexico, which is the only one located on the 
 Lines. 
 
United States. 
 Reportorial results. 
 
 Missouri Pacific. 
 
 N. Y. C. & H. R. 
 
 Pennsylvania. 
 
 Rest-rooms. 
 
 H. — Libraries and Reading-Rooms. 
 America. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Forty-eight (48) roads, representing approximately 
 108,000 miles of roadway, or about 53 per centum of the 
 total railway mileage of the United States, with upwards of 
 800,000 employes, or about 60 per centum of all railway em- 
 ployes of the country, report identification with library and 
 reading-room features, the bulk of the representation being 
 with those provided in connection with the various railway 
 branches of the Young Men's Christian Association. 
 
 Sufficient data were not furnished by all the roads as to 
 the number of volumes on hand to enable the making of 
 other than a statement based on estimated figures for this 
 feature, and from this standpoint it may be stated that the 
 number of volumes involved is not far from 250,000. 
 
 The principal roads reporting in this relation are the 
 Missouri Pacific Railway, with eleven libraries and reading- 
 rooms, including 19,297 volumes, the New York Central & 
 Hudson River Railroad, with twelve branches, embracing 
 22,471 volumes (both roads conducting their features in 
 connection with their Y. M. C. A. Railway Branches), the 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad employes' free circulating library, 
 with 15,000 volumes, and the Pennsylvania Railroad (Lines 
 East of Pittsburgh), with 62,973 volumes, of which number 
 35,000 volumes are in the Mechanics' Library at Altoona, 
 Pa., and 8,750 volumes distributed among twelve railway 
 stations, while 19,223 volumes are distributed among 
 sixteen Y. M. C. A. Railway Branches located at various 
 points on the lines. 
 
 The Pennsylvania Railroad System East and West of 
 
 Pittsburgh, in common with many of the larger roads of the 
 
 country, provides reading-rooms at terminal and division 
 
 points, where employes away from home may congregate 
 
 (261) 
 
262 
 
 Libraries and Reading-Rooms. 
 
 List of American railway 
 libraries with over 5,000 
 volumes. 
 
 and spend their idle time, thus making it unnecessary for 
 the men to frequent places whose surroundings are not of 
 a character to prove beneficial. These rooms are currently 
 furnished with daily papers, magazines, periodicals, and 
 miscellaneous reading matter, the literature supplied being 
 of such character as to be entertaining and instructive, 
 so enabling advantageous employment of time off duty. 
 
 By way of further evidencing the extent to which railways 
 in the United States have promoted and encouraged the 
 establishment of libraries for their employes, there will 
 be given next below a list of six (6) representative roads, out 
 of the above-mentioned total of 48 from which replies were 
 received, each of which conducts a library containing over 
 5,000 volumes: 
 
 Name of Road 
 
 NO. OF 
 
 Volumes 
 
 Mileage 
 
 NO. OF 
 
 Employes 
 
 Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway (proper) 
 
 9,000 
 15,000 
 
 8,000 
 19,297 
 22,471 
 62,973 
 
 4,984.11 
 3,330.30 
 965.30 
 6,107.74 
 3,422.66 
 5,852.44 
 
 21,979 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. 
 
 46,378 
 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad 
 
 33,307 
 
 Missouri Pacific Railway - 
 
 33,747 
 
 New York Central & Hudson River Railroad 
 
 49,852 
 
 *Pennsylvania Railroad (East of Pittsburgh) 
 
 117,928 
 
 
 
 Total 
 
 136,741 
 
 24,662.55 
 
 303,191 
 
 
 
 * Of the total of 62,973 volumes accredited to the Pennsylvania Railroad (East of Pittsburgh) 
 approximately 35,000 volumes are embraced by the Mechanics' Library at Altoona, Pa. (at 
 which point are located the principal car and machine works of the Railroad Company), the 
 Library being largely maintained by the Railroad Company, which makes an annual contribution 
 of about $3,600 thereto. 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Mexican Central Railway. 
 
 (3,154 miles; 18,730 employes.) 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Library feature inaugurated in 1894. Ten (10) in opera- 
 tion. 
 
 Volumes. 
 
 Number of volumes, 3,472. 
 
 Average number of books distributed per annum, 400. 
 
Libraries and Reading-Rooms. 
 
 263 
 
 Extent of participation. 
 
 National Lines of Mexico. 
 
 (3,328.19 miles; 16,008 employes.) 
 
 The Lines are interested in a building provided by the 
 International Railway Company (one of the constituent 
 members of the System), located at C. P. Diaz, Mexico. 
 This is a club building, and does not include a regular stock 
 of books to be drawn on as desired, but has a reading-room 
 supplied with current magazines and periodicals, the expense 
 of which, as well as that for water for baths, and of 
 lighting and care of building, etc., is borne by the Railroad 
 Company. In December, 1904, the employes of the Com- 
 pany named organized a reading-room at Puebla, the Com- 
 pany furnishing the room, the lights, and fuel necessary for 
 heating: the baths. 
 
 Panama. 
 
 Panama. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Panama Railroad. 
 
 (50 miles; 1,972 employes.) 
 
 Library and reading-rooms, two in number, combined 
 and inaugurated about 1860, at Colon. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Furness Railway. 
 
 (117i miles; 2,369 employes.) 
 
 Library conducted at Barrow-in-Furness, inaugurated 
 in 1855. 
 
 Number books. 
 
 Contains about 2,200 volumes, including fiction, biogra- 
 phy, history, memoirs, diplomacy, politics, travel, sport, 
 adventure, poetry, music, art, drama, science, and miscel- 
 laneous works. 
 
 Distribution. 
 
 Average number of books distributed per annum, about 
 6,250. 
 
264 
 
 Libraries and Reading-Rooms. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Reading-room. 
 
 Maintained by membership subscriptions, in connection 
 with the Company's Employees' Sick Club and Benefit 
 Society (vide supra). 
 
 Reading-room includes daily, weekly, and illustrated 
 papers, and periodicals. 
 
 New Holland library. 
 
 Number books. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Great Central Railway. 
 
 (468 miles; 20,181 employes.) 
 
 The Company erected and maintains a building at New 
 Holland, used by employes of the locomotive and ferry 
 departments, containing a reading-room, a billiard-room, 
 and a library. 
 
 Library is well equipped, and contains 6,000 volumes. 
 
 Institution is self-supporting, the membership being about 
 100. 
 
 Gorton reading-room. There is also a reading-room attached to the dormitories 
 
 used by enginemen at Gorton, which is supplied with 
 daily papers and monthly magazines. 
 
 General provision. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 London & North Western Railway. 
 
 (1,945* miles; 82,835 employes.) 
 
 Apart from the libraries and reading-rooms already 
 discussed (vide infra, subject "I. — Literary Institutes") 
 the Company has various reading-rooms throughout its 
 system, some of them large and others small ; most of them 
 being combined with libraries, some with the supply of 
 refreshments, others with out-door sports. The libraries 
 and reading-rooms are generally associated, forming one 
 institution. 
 
 The Railway Company commonly supports these move- 
 ments with monetary grants; also provides buildings free 
 of charge, supplies lighting, and in some instances a small 
 fee is paid by the staff. 
 
Libraries and Reading-Rooms. 
 
 265 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Library. 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Membership. 
 Number books. 
 
 Financing. 
 Distribution. 
 Operation. 
 Reading-room. 
 
 Publications. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Eastern Bengal State Railway. 
 
 (1.003 miles.) 
 
 Library. 
 
 Conducts twelve libraries, inaugurated between 1874 
 and 1892. 
 
 Privileges extended to all classes of employes — European, 
 Eurasian, and Native, and their families. 
 
 About 8,000 volumes, comprising works of fiction, 
 biography, history, poetry, travel, theology, science, 
 geography, etc. 
 
 Maintained by membership subscriptions and Railway 
 donations. 
 
 Average number of books distributed per annum, about 
 7,000. 
 
 Annual cost of operation, including reading-rooms, about 
 12,500 rupees. 
 
 Reading-Room. 
 
 Conducted along with the library features. 
 
 Publications on file include Indian newspapers, illustrated 
 weeklies, and technical magazines from England. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Uganda (Mombasa-Victoria) Railway. 
 
 (584 miles; 4,733 employes.) 
 
 First reading-room started at Kilindim in 1897. 
 Five reading-rooms in operation, at various points on the 
 line, at the present time. 
 
Great Britain. 
 
 I. — Literary Institutes. 
 Great Britain. 
 
 General features. 
 
 The so-called Literary Institutes are peculiarly English 
 organizations, possessing characteristics very similar to 
 those common to railway departments of the Young Men's 
 Christian Association, vide supra, as conducted by American 
 railroads. They comprehend, among other features, edu- 
 cational, literary, and physical departments, libraries, 
 reading-rooms, baths, billiards and pool, ambulance classes, 
 etc., and are supported by membership contributions, dona- 
 tions from the railways concerned and outside sources, 
 receipts from hall-rent, concerts and other entertainments, 
 fees for games, etc. They are variously styled, as "Me- 
 chanics' Institute," "Literary Institute," and "Railway 
 Institute." Data on these institutions were received from 
 the following roads, viz.: 
 
 Library statistics. 
 
 Name of Roads 
 
 Great Eastern Railway 
 
 Great Northern Railway 
 
 Great Western Railway 
 
 Lancashire & Yorkshire Rail- 
 way 
 
 London & North Western Rail 
 way 
 
 Midland Railway.... 
 
 North Eastern Railway 
 
 North British Railway 
 
 Totals 
 
 Number of Volumes 
 
 In Library 
 
 16,761 
 
 4,797 
 30,000 
 
 15,128 
 
 *25,587 
 15,472 
 27,801 
 13,400 
 
 148,946 
 
 Issued 
 
 Annually 
 
 26,791 
 
 22,531 
 
 120,000 
 
 27,480 
 
 *90,000 
 62,590 
 75,500 
 10,200 
 
 435,092 
 
 * The number of volumes in libraries is based on reported information, while the 
 number of volumes issued annually was, owing to inadequacy of reported data, 
 approximated. 
 
 (267) 
 
268 
 
 Literary Institutes. 
 
 General. 
 
 List of undertakings. 
 
 Crewe, Wolverton, and 
 Earlestown. 
 
 Characteristics. 
 
 Reasons for movement. 
 
 Membership age and rates. 
 
 London & North Western Railway. 
 
 (l,945i miles; 82,835 employes.) 
 
 This Company, in common with the other large railways 
 of the United Kingdom, has neither inaugurated nor con- 
 ducted branches of the Young Men's Christian Association, 
 but has formed and substantially supports various kindred 
 institutions, with the view of promoting the welfare of its 
 employes. Among these undertakings data have been fur- 
 nished for the following : 
 
 a. — Crewe Mechanics' Institution, established in 1846. 
 
 b. — Wolverton Science and Art Institute, established 
 about 1846. 
 
 c. — Earlestown Viaduct Institute, established in 1869. 
 
 d. — Library and Literary Association, established No- 
 vember 12, 1852. 
 
 e. — New Street Station (Birmingham) Railway Institute. 
 
 /. — United Kingdom Railway Temperance Union. 
 
 a. — Crewe Mechanics' Institution. 
 b. — Wolverton Science and Art Institute. 
 c. — Earlestown Viaduct Institute. 
 
 The general characteristics of the institutes at Crewe, 
 Wolverton, and Earlestown being practically similar in all 
 important respects, they will, for convenience, be treated 
 conjointly. 
 
 The Company has large engineering works at Crewe and 
 Wolverton, and large wagon works at Earlestown, and was 
 induced to establish institutes at these points in order 
 that its employes might obtain instruction in the sciences 
 and arts better suited to their employment, as well as in 
 literary, commercial, and other educational spheres. 
 
 At Crewe the membership includes persons over 13 years 
 of age, on the following terms : 
 a. — Life members, £5. 
 
 b. — Full members, 7s. 6d. per annum, or 2s. per quarter. 
 c. — Library members, Is. 3d. per quarter. 
 d. — Newsroom members, Is. 3d. per quarter. 
 e. — Class members, Is. 3d. per half session. 
 
Literary Institutes. 
 
 269 
 
 Library. 
 
 Library at Crewe contains 11,587 books, the number of 
 of volumes issued during 1903 having been 21,554. Cor- 
 responding statistics for Wolverton and Earlestown were 
 not given. 
 
 Library Association. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 d. — Library and Literary Association. 
 
 Operated in interest of clerical (salaried) staff in London. 
 
 Maintained by membership subscriptions and monetary 
 grants from Railway Company, the latter providing and 
 maintaining the building and supplying light and fuel. 
 
 Membership subscription ranges from 6s. to 12s. per 
 
 Library. 
 
 Book distribution. 
 Operation. 
 Number members. 
 
 Library contains about 13,000 volumes, including history, 
 science, fiction, magazines, etc. 
 
 Upwards of 200 books exchanged daily. 
 
 Annual cost of operation about £500. 
 
 Number of members at close of 1903, about 1,000. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Library. 
 
 Operation. 
 
 e. — New Street Station (Birmingham) Railway 
 Institute. 
 
 Conducted in connection with the United Kingdom Rail- 
 way Temperance Union, and inaugurated in 1898. 
 
 Maintained by membership subscriptions, 3s. per annum, 
 profits from games, and aid from Railway Company. 
 
 Library contains about 1,000 volumes, also daily and 
 weekly papers. 
 
 Operating expenses during 1903, £68. 
 
270 
 
 Literary Institutes. 
 
 /. — United Kingdom Railway Temperance Union. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Union was formed in year 1882. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Object is to aid the progress of temperance movement 
 among the large army of workers employed on the railways 
 of Great Britain, to promote habits of temperance among 
 the staff, and to seek to bind together all railway temper- 
 ance workers in one grand brotherhood. 
 
 Characteristics. 
 
 Movement is absolutely unsectarian and non-political. 
 
 Autonomous. 
 
 Each branch of the Union is to a large extent autono- 
 mous. 
 
 Various features. 
 
 At a number of principal places on the line institutes and 
 suitable halls have been erected by the Railway, and in 
 addition to temperance and religious meetings, these are 
 used for concerts, entertainments of various kinds, lectures, 
 art and technical classes for instruction in railway work, 
 etc., and in some places the halls are open daily as reading 
 and smoke rooms. 
 
 The branch is also in position to provide its members 
 with letters for hospitals, convalescent homes, and the like. 
 At many places cricket, football, swimming, gymnasiums, 
 billiards, libraries, and general club privileges exist in con- 
 nection with the temperance society. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Members are expected to contribute not less than 6d. 
 per annum, and this is paid to local secretaries, and goes 
 toward the working expenses. 
 
 Operative cost. 
 
 Annual cost of operation by the Official Committee of the 
 Railway Company's branch, with between 50 and 60 sections 
 at different parts of the system, and a total membership of 
 about 5,000, is about £30. 
 
Literary Institutes. 
 
 271 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Location of institutes. 
 
 Southern Mahratta Railway. 
 
 (1,045.03 miles; 13,624 employes.) 
 
 The Railway Company has institutes established at 
 Hubli, Dharwar, and Guntakal, and has under way arrange- 
 ments for similar provision at Belgaum, Gadag, Miraj, and 
 smaller stations. 
 
 Subscription rates. 
 
 Subscription rates are as follows: Members in receipt of 
 less than 
 
 Books. 
 
 *Rupees 30 pet mensem Annas 4 
 
 Rupees 50 per mensem Annas 6 
 
 Rupees 75 per mensem ..Annas 8 
 
 Rupees 100 per mensem _ Annas 12 
 
 Rupees 150 per mensem.... Rupees 1 
 
 Rupees 200 per mensem ...Rupees 1-4 
 
 Rupees 250 per mensem ...Rupees 1-8 
 
 Rupees 250 and upwards Rupees 2-0 
 
 The Railway has presented a number of valuable techni- 
 cal works to the undertakings, particularly to the Southern 
 Mahratta Institute, Hubli. 
 
 Entrance fee. 
 
 An entrance fee of rupee 1 is paid by each member of a 
 local association. 
 
 * Note. — Anna=l} pence; Rupee=2 shillings; per mensem = per month. 
 Rupee (silver) has nominal value of 45.9 cents; the minor coinage of British India 
 consists of copper: the "anna" is one-sixteenth of the "rupee, "or worth less than 
 three cents; the coin of smallest denomination is the "pie," equal to one-twelfth 
 of an "anna," or worth less than one-quarter of a cent; the pieces are: "double 
 pice" or "half anna"; "pice" or "quarter anna"; "half pice" or "eighth anna;" 
 "pie" or "twelfth anna." 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Central South African Railways. 
 
 (1,374 miles; 25,556 employes.) 
 
 Railway Institutes are established wherever the number 
 of employes at any point warrants the step. 
 
272 
 
 Literary Institutes. 
 
 General. 
 
 To these institutes small libraries, consisting, generally, 
 of about 1,000 volumes, are attached. 
 
 The institutes are managed and controlled by a com- 
 mittee appointed by members. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Occasional grants are made by the railway administra- 
 tion, but they are practically self-supporting. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Library. 
 
 Reading-room. 
 
 Natal Government Railways. 
 
 (679 miles; 4,835 employes, Europeans.) 
 
 Identified with the Natal Government Railways' Institute, 
 established in 1885, membership in which is open to all 
 officers and servants of the Natal Government Railways. 
 
 On June 30, 1903, the library contained 7,082 books, 
 which had a circulation of 12,975 volumes during the year. 
 The list includes Art, Science, Biography, Theology and 
 Philosophy, Poetry, Travel, Fiction, Essays, History, etc. 
 
 Magazines and papers to the number of 3,812 were also 
 issued during the year. 
 
 The reading-room is supplied with weekly and monthly 
 magazines and journals. 
 
 Education. 
 
 Classes are held during the winter evenings for instruc- 
 tion in Machine and Building Construction, Geometry, and 
 Freehand and Model Drawing, and are open to all youths 
 and apprentices in the Railway, Harbor Works, and Public 
 Works service, also to the sons of any employe in the Govern- 
 ment service. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 The institution is supported by membership subscrip- 
 tions and Government grants, the subscriptions for the year 
 ended June 30, 1903, having amounted to ,£150 0s. 6d., and 
 the Government grant to .£300. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Receipts from all sources during the year ended June 30, 
 1903, amounted to £489 13s. 3d. 
 
Literary Institutes. 
 
 273 
 
 Disbursement. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 No. members. 
 
 Expenditure, in all directions, during the year named, 
 amounted to £485 6s. lOd. 
 
 Members contribute monthly at following rates, viz. : 
 
 Seniors - iS - 
 
 Juniors 6d. 
 
 Membership for the year named, 360. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Membership. 
 Volumes. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 New South Wales Government Railways. 
 
 (3,042.5 miles; 14,313 employes.) 
 
 A central institute has been provided at Sydney, inaug- 
 urated in 1890, to which is attached a circulating library, 
 from which books are sent to all parts of the system. 
 
 Institute built and equipped by Railway Commission, 
 by which about £10,000 have been expended, and which 
 grants an average of £200 per annum for its management. 
 It is, however, supported by its members, who pay from 
 5s. to 10s. per annum. 
 
 Number of members, 1,642. 
 
 Library contains 9,185 books; the distribution during 
 1903 having been 37,710 books. 
 
United States. 
 
 J. — Loan Provision. 
 America. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Feature of Relief 
 Department. 
 
 Basis of repayment of loans. 
 
 Minimum loan. 
 
 Purpose of loans. 
 
 Extent of loan. 
 
 Repayment basis. 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad System. 
 
 (4,410 miles; 55,688 employes.) 
 
 Company conducts a loan feature in connection with its 
 savings feature {vide supra, "Savings Funds"), which is an 
 adjunct of its Relief Department (vide supra, "Insurance 
 and Relief Provision"). 
 
 Every borrower must provide life insurance in the natural 
 death benefit of the Relief Department, to an amount equal 
 at all times to his indebtedness to the savings feature, in 
 such manner that the benefits payable in case of death may 
 be available to discharge the indebtedness. Where borrower 
 cannot meet requirement of Relief Department, then he is 
 required to take insurance in some regular life insurance 
 company satisfactory to the Relief Department. 
 
 vSums not less than $100 may be borrowed, at rate of 
 6 per centum per annum. 
 
 Loans are made to employes for the purchase of homes, 
 building residences or making improvements thereon, for 
 paying off mortgages and other liens on property, and for 
 the settlement of personal debts that may become liens. 
 
 The loan must not exceed three-fourths the value of the 
 property, counting in the valuation any buildings or other 
 improvements which are to be paid for out of the loan, such 
 valuation to be made by the Building Inspector of the 
 Relief Department. 
 
 Repayment of loans is on the basis of not less than 1£ 
 per centum monthly, the interest being adjusted whenever 
 a payment is made on the loan ; in this way a loan is repaid 
 in 82 months, and the interest paid by the borrower during 
 that period on $1,000 is about $219.43. 
 (275) 
 
276 
 
 Loan Provision. 
 
 To whom made. 
 
 Loans are made only to employes of the Railroad Com- 
 pany who are members of the Relief Department. 
 
 Requirement as to service. 
 
 Each applicant for a loan must have a service record of 
 at least one year, counting from the date he last entered 
 the Company's service. 
 
 Location of property. The property on which loan is made must be located 
 
 within one mile of the road, except in cities and towns 
 through which the road runs. 
 
 Good title. 
 
 It must be shown that the borrower's title to the property 
 is good, or can be made good, and that the Department will 
 have a first lien thereon when the loan is finally consum- 
 mated. 
 
 Fire insurance. 
 
 Borrower is required to insure the building in some good 
 insurance company, approved by the Relief Department, 
 and the policy of insurance must be assigned to and held 
 by the Department until the loan is fully repaid. 
 
 Pay-roil deductions. Repayments are effected by monthly deduction on pay- 
 
 roll from wages of borrower. 
 
 Monthly rate of repayment. 
 
 Monthly rate of repayment is $1.50 on each $100 bor- 
 rowed. Special payments may be made to the agents of 
 the Company at any time, and the monthly rate of pay- 
 ment on the rolls may be increased whenever borrower 
 desires. 
 
 Prohibited loans. 
 
 Leasehold loans. 
 
 Money will not be loaned on second mortgage, nor do 
 Department regulations provide for loans upon furniture 
 or upon notes. Loans are made on leasehold property, 
 but in valuing such property, if the ground-rent is deemed 
 to be excessive, the excess is deducted from the value of the 
 improvements, and the loan cannot exceed three-fourths 
 of the remainder. 
 
Loan Provision. 
 
 277 
 
 Statistics. 
 
 Relief Department report for the year ended June 30, 
 1903, shows an item for loans to employes, secured by first 
 mortgages on real estate, amounting to $1,207,078.06; 
 and in the same relation it is stated the amount loaned has 
 been expended in building 1,505 houses, buying 1,942 
 homes, improving 443 homesteads, and releasing liens on 
 1,135 properties. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Basis of arrangement. 
 
 London & North Western Railway. 
 
 (1,945* miles; 82,835 employes.) 
 
 In connection with a building society formed many years 
 ago by the Railway Clearing House in London, and which 
 is largely used by railway employes, money is loaned for 
 house-building purposes upon sufficient security. 
 
 Building societies. 
 
 Building Societies. 
 
 Below is presented a list of Building Societies of Railway 
 Workers in Great Britain, with date of their establishment, 
 the number of members, and the assets at the close of 1902: 
 
 RAILWAY PERMANENT BENEFIT BUILDING SOCIETY. 
 
 Instituted during year 1850. 
 Membership at close of 1902 was 745. 
 Assets at close of 1902 amounted to £52,197. 
 
 LIVERPOOL RAILWAY PERMANENT BENEFIT BUILDING 
 SOCIETY. 
 
 Instituted during year 1877. 
 Membership at close of 1902 was 141. 
 Assets at close of 1902 amounted to £13,594. 
 
K. — Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 America. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Andrew Carnegie Fund. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad. 
 
 (207 miles; 2,676 employes.) 
 
 Andrew Carnegie Relief Fund.* 
 
 The Fund originated with a letter (vide infra) addressed 
 by Mr. Andrew Carnegie, the well-known philanthropist, 
 March 12, 1901, to the President and Board of Directors of 
 The Carnegie Company, Pittsburgh, Pa., and was practically 
 created by their acceptance of the terms therein set forth at 
 a meeting held March 20, 1901, but was made effective as 
 of January 1, 1902. 
 
 Mr. Carnegie's Letter of March 12, 1901. 
 
 New York, N. Y., March 12, 1901. 
 
 To the President and Board of Directors, 
 
 The Carnegie Company, Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Gentlemen : 
 
 Mr. Robert A. Franks, my cashier, will hand over to you, upon 
 your acceptance of the trust, $4,000,000 of The Carnegie Company 
 bonds, in trust for the following purposes: 
 
 The income of the $4,000,000 to be applied: 
 
 1st. — To provide for employes of The Carnegie Company, in all its 
 works, mines, railways, shops, etc., injured in its service, and 
 for those dependent upon such employes as are killed. 
 
 2 n d. — To provide small pensions or aids to such employes as after long 
 and creditable service, through exceptional circumstances, need 
 such help in their old age, and who make a good use of it. 
 
 3rd.— This fund is not intended to be used as a substitute for what the 
 Company has been in the habit of doing in such cases — far from 
 it — it is intended to go still further and give to the injured or 
 their families, or to employes who are needy in old age, through 
 no fault of their own, some provision against want as long as 
 needed, or until young children can become self-supporting. 
 (279) 
 
2S0 
 
 Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 •1th. — A report is to be made at the end of each year, giving an account 
 of the Fund and its distribution, and published in two papers in 
 Pittsburgh, and copies posted freely at the several works, that 
 every employe may know what is being done. Publicity in this 
 matter will, I am sure, have a beneficial effect. 
 
 5th. — I make this first use of surplus wealth upon retiring from 
 business as an acknowledgment of the deep debt which I owe to 
 the workmen who have contributed so greatly to my success. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 Andrew Carnegie. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Briefly, it represents an endowment of $4,000,000, the 
 interest on which is to be applied in providing relief for 
 employes of The Carnegie Company in all its works, mines, 
 railways, shops, etc., injured in its service, and for those 
 dependent upon such employes as are killed ; also to provide 
 small pensions or aids to such employes as, after long and 
 creditable service, through exceptional circumstances, need 
 such help in their old age, and who make good use of it. 
 
 Constituent Members of the Carnegie Company. 
 
 List of constituent members 
 of The Carnegie Company. 
 
 Employes of the following Companies and Associations, 
 affiliated with the Carnegie Company, participate in the 
 fund in accordance with prescribed regulations — namely: 
 
 a. — Carnegie Steel Company (including mills, works, 
 
 and general offices) ; 
 b. — Carnegie Natural Gas Company; 
 c. — Pittsburgh Limestone Company, Limited ; 
 c. — H. C. Frick Coke Company (including works, farms, 
 
 and general offices) ; 
 d. — Oliver Iron Mining Company (including 35 mines, 
 
 located in five mountain ranges — i. e., Missabe, 
 
 Vermillion, Marquette, Menominee, and Gogebic 
 
 Ranges) ; 
 e. — Regent Iron Company ; 
 /. — Lake Superior Iron Company ; 
 g. — Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad Company; 
 
Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 281 
 
 h. — Union Railroad Company; 
 
 i. — Pittsburgh Steamship Company ; 
 
 ;. — Pittsburg & Conneaut Dock Company; 
 
 k. — Union Supply Company; 
 
 I. — Keystone Bridge Works; 
 m. — Beaver Falls Mills ; 
 n. — Mingo Coal Company. 
 
 Statistics. 
 
 December 31, 1903, there were 284 accident, 168 death, 
 and 189 pension cases on the "active beneficiary" list. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Aggregate disbursements to beneficiaries since inaugura- 
 tion amounted to $228,866.02, at end of 1903. 
 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railroad. 
 
 (966.30 miles; 33,307 employes.) 
 
 Moses Taylor Fund. 
 
 The Moses Taylor Hospital. 
 
 Endowed by Mr. Moses Taylor, Sr., and Mrs. C. A. 
 Taylor. Hospital established at Scranton, Pa., March 29, 
 1882, and incorporated July 22, 1884, and is conducted 
 principally in the interest of employes of the Delaware, 
 Lackawanna & Western Railroad Company and the 
 Lackawanna Iron and Steel Company. The Iron and 
 Steel Company having removed from Scranton to Buffalo, 
 N. Y., another hospital, known as "The Moses Taylor 
 Hospital of Buffalo," was opened in the latter city in 1904. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Operative cost. 
 
 Endowment fund invested in such manner as to net an 
 income sufficient to take care of all operating expenses. 
 Cost of building and equipment, $355,333.05. 
 
 Cost of operation since establishment, $450,524.92. 
 
 Cases treated. 
 
 Cases treated since institution, 1,170 medical and 3,293 
 surgical. 
 
282 
 
 Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad System East of Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 (5,852.44 miles ; 117,928 employes.) 
 
 John Edgar Thomson. 
 
 Provisions of will. 
 
 Trustees under will. 
 
 Financing of scheme. 
 
 Preferential 
 distribution of funds. 
 
 The J. Edgar Thomson Home for Orphans. 
 
 John Edgar Thomson was born in Delaware County, 
 Pennsylvania, February 10, 1808, was elected President of 
 the Pennsylvania Railroad Company on February 3, 1852, 
 and retained that office until his death, which occurred May 
 27, 1874. 
 
 By will dated December 20, 1871, he bequeathed all his 
 real and personal property (except household furniture, 
 books and ornaments, which were devised to his wife 
 absolutely) to designated trustees, now seven (7) in 
 number — namely, Wm. M. Spackman, Henry E. Smith, 
 Christiana B. Smith, William A. Patton, M. Riebenack, 
 W. Heyward Myers, and one to be selected — with full 
 power to sell the same, or any part or parts thereof, and 
 reinvest the proceeds of such sale or sales whenever in 
 their judgment the interests of the trust would be promoted 
 thereby, the proceeds from the estate, after the death of 
 his wife (which occurred on November 24, 1903), to be given 
 the following distribution, viz.: 
 
 The net income, or so much thereof as maybe judiciously 
 applied to the purpose, to be used for the education 
 and maintenance of female orphans of railway em- 
 ployes who meet death in the discharge of service 
 duties, with preferential distribution in the order 
 next given: 
 
 1st. — To orphans of employes engaged upon the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad. 
 
 2nd. — To those of employes of the Georgia Railroad, 
 between Augusta and Atlanta, Georgia (Mr. Thomson 
 having been appointed chief engineer of this road 
 in 1832, which extended between the points named 
 at that time, with 213 miles of roadway, then the 
 longest railroad in the country). 
 
Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 283 
 
 3rd. — To those of employes of lines controlled by the 
 Pennsylvania Railroad Company, by lease or other- 
 wise. 
 
 4th. — To those of employes of any other railroad in the 
 United States. 
 
 Inauguration of scheme. 
 
 Mrs. Thomson, who was in full sympathy with the objects 
 of the will, started the St. John's Orphanage, at Nos. 1720 
 and 1722 Rittenhouse Street, Philadelphia, Pa., on Decem- 
 ber 4, 1882 (No. 1718 was subsequently added — the third 
 story having been used in 1884, and the entire building 
 occupied in 1889), where have since been domiciled a number 
 of orphan girls, who have been cared for, given the 
 advantages of good education, and many of them estab- 
 lished in good homes. 
 
 Proposed enlargement 
 of scope. 
 
 The trustees now have under consideration certain 
 disposition of property and proceeds which, when carried 
 out, will provide for material enlargement of the scope of 
 the work, to the extent, at least, of housing and caring for 
 from 60 to 100 orphan girls. 
 
 * Note. — The term "Endowment" is used in report, vide supra, pp. 
 17, 30), in connection with this Fund, purely for the purpose of conven- 
 ient classification of the general subject, and pertains wholly to benefits 
 provided from income arising from investment of a principal sum or 
 fund specially donated by one or more persons, the participants 
 neither making contributions to nor being concerned in the administra- 
 tion of such fund, application of the net proceeds of which is confined 
 exclusively to beneficiaries identified with specifically designated 
 business interests. It is thus obviously differentiated from so-called 
 "Endowment Insurance" offered by the regular or commercial 
 insurance companies, which may be availed of by the general public, 
 when classifiable as proper risks, and for which a fixed premium is 
 charged and paid until death of the insured or the expiration of the 
 fixed period of insurance, when the full amount involved is payable. 
 
284 
 
 Public and Private; (Outside) Provision. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 General. 
 
 Special Funds. 
 
 Great Central Railway. 
 
 (468 miles; 20,181 employes.) 
 
 Besides being identified with the 
 
 "Railway Benevolent Institution" and 
 
 "Railway Clearing System Superannuation Fund 
 Corporation," 
 discussed elsewhere in this report, the Company is also 
 interested in the two following forms of outside provi- 
 sion, viz.: 
 
 "Sir Edward Watkin Meritorious Conduct Fund" and 
 "Edward Ross Memorial Fund." 
 
 a. — Sir Edward Watkin Meritorious Conduct 
 Fund. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Grants. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Established January, 1890. 
 
 Provides for grants of money and certificates as reward 
 for acts of bravery and other performances of exceptional 
 merit on the part of employes. 
 
 Represents the sum of ,£1,475 12s. 6d. given by the late 
 Chairman of the Railway Company, Sir Edward W. Watkin, 
 for the purpose above indicated. 
 
 Total yearly grants limited to annual income. 
 
 Capital as of July 30, 1904, £2,012 4s. 2d. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Disbursements since inauguration, £262 12s. Od. 
 
 Number benefited. 
 
 Number of participants since inauguration, 
 
Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 285 
 
 Inauguration 
 Objects. 
 
 b. — Edward Ross Memorial Fund. 
 
 Established April, 1892. 
 
 Provides relief for necessitous cases arising from illness 
 or other causes. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Grants. 
 
 Capital. 
 
 Disbursement b. 
 
 Number benefited. 
 
 Represents subscriptions from servants and personal 
 friends of the late Secretary of the Railway Company, Mr. 
 Edward Ross, made for the purpose of raising a memorial 
 to his memory. 
 
 Total yearly grants limited to annual income. 
 
 Capital at start £1,133 2s. 4d. ; as of July 30, 1904, £1,223 
 19s. 4d. 
 
 Disbursements since inauguration, £637 3s. 5d. 
 
 Number of participants since inauguration, 252. 
 
 General. 
 
 Sundry outside 
 organizations. 
 
 London & North Western Railway. 
 
 (1,945} miles; 82,835 employes.) 
 
 General. 
 
 There are various agencies throughout the United 
 Kingdom established generally for the benefit of railway 
 employes, and which are usually supported by voluntary 
 contributions. The largest of these is the "Railway 
 Benevolent Institution," established in 1858. The London 
 & North Western Railway Company's employes have but 
 little need of outside assistance in this direction, for the 
 reason, as shown under appropriate heads in this report, 
 that both the salaried and wages staff are adequately 
 provided for by the establishment and conduct of the 
 "Superannuation Fund" and "Widows and Orphans' 
 Society" and the "Insurance Society" and "Provident 
 
286 
 
 Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 and Pension Society," together with sundry other insur- 
 ance organizations. The employes are, however, identified 
 to some extent in the following independent insurance 
 and pension organizations, each of which will be discussed, 
 from the Company's standpoint, in the order next herein- 
 after recited: 
 
 Insurance. 
 
 Insurance. 
 
 a. — Railway Benevolent Institution. 
 
 b. — United Kingdom Railway Officers and Servants' 
 
 Association. 
 c. — Railway Guards' Universal Friendly Society and 
 
 Widows and Orphans' Fund. 
 d. — United Kingdom Railway Temperance Union 
 
 Provident and Benefit Fund. 
 
 Pension. 
 
 Railway Benevolent 
 Institution. 
 
 Superannuation or Pension. 
 
 e. — Railway Clearing System Superannuation Fund 
 Corporation. 
 
 Hospital Service. 
 /. — Ambulance Association. 
 
 Railway Temperance Union. 
 g. — United Kingdom Railway Temperance Union. 
 
 a. — Railway Benevolent Institution. 
 
 Certain salient features of this Institution are exploited 
 elsewhere in Report (vide infra, pp. 295, 296). It is con- 
 ducted for the benefit of railway officers and servants, 
 and their orphans, widows, and children. 
 
Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 287 
 
 Status of London & 
 North Western Railway 
 in fund. 
 
 The London & North Western Railway Company's 
 employes are identified with the Casualty Fund in the 
 following relations, viz.: 
 
 
 Number of 
 
 Members 
 
 1903 
 
 Number 
 
 Relieved 
 
 1903 
 
 London & North Western. 
 
 10,954 
 
 318 
 11 
 
 671 
 
 London & North Western and Great Western 
 Joint. 
 
 4 
 
 London & North Western and Midland Joint 
 
 1 
 
 General objects. 
 
 List of funds. 
 
 b. — United Kingdom Railway Officers and. 
 Servants' Association. 
 
 This Association was founded in 1861. 
 
 Objects are to grant temporary and permanent assistance 
 to persons in the service of railway companies or railway 
 contractors, in event of accident or severe illness ; annuities 
 in old age, or if otherwise incapacitated for work; and to 
 assist members of their families at death ; also maintenance 
 of an Orphan Fund to provide help for the offspring of those 
 who lose their lives in their hazardous duties. 
 
 Association has four funds, i. e., "Pension," "Sick," 
 " Death," and " Orphan." A person may join one or more 
 at option, and does not lose membership benefits by leaving 
 the railway service if he does not reside out of the United 
 Kingdom. 
 
 1. — PENSION FUND. 
 
 Contributions, Is. 6d. per quarter. 
 
 Benefits consist of pensions of .£15 and ,£20, candidates 
 being elected by votes of subscribers. 
 
 Amount paid io members during year ended December 
 31, 1903: 
 
 Pensions £ 1 ,643 15s. Od. 
 
 Special grants. 162 lis. Od. 
 
288 Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 2. — death fund. 
 
 Payments to this fund, 6d. at the death of a member or 
 his wife (not to exceed one "call" per week), and manage- 
 ment fee, weekly, Id. Each member is free and entitled 
 to receive the death allowance immediately his first sub- 
 scription is paid. 
 
 Benefits : 
 
 Allowance at the death of a member or his wife, amount 
 payable at present being ,£30. 
 
 Amount paid to widows and members during the year 
 ended December 31, 1903, £1,100. 
 
 3. — SICK FUND. 
 
 Contributions : 
 
 Age not exceeding 24 years 4 d. per week. 
 
 Exceeding 24 and not over 34 years.. 5 d. per week. 
 
 Exceeding 34 and not over 40 years.. 5£d. per week. 
 
 Exceeding 40 and not over 45 years. 6Jd. per week. 
 
 Extra 2d. per month, of 4 weeks, charged for management fee. 
 Entrance fee, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Benefits : 
 
 12s. per week in sickness, members being entitled to 
 half sick allowance in three months and full sick 
 pay in six months. 
 
 Amount paid to members during year ended December 
 31, 1903, £3,445 17s. 6d. 
 
 4. — ORPHAN FUND. 
 
 Contributions, Is. 3d. per quarter. 
 
 Benefits consist of provision for destitute orphan children 
 of railway servants or the servants of railway agents of 
 every grade, until they attain the age of 14 years. 
 
 Amount granted during year ended December 31, 1903, 
 £64 7s. 6d. 
 
Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 289 
 
 i\ggregate amount of benefits conferred on railway 
 servants and their wives and families since establishment 
 of the Institution to end of December, 1903, amounted to 
 .£177,291 3s. 6d., made up as follows: 
 
 Widows and members (from Death Fund) £51,356 0s. Od. 
 
 Annuitants 37,390 10s. 6d. 
 
 Sickness (since 1874) . 76,582 10s. 6d. 
 
 Special grants 7,658 4s. 6d. 
 
 Orphans 4,303 18s. Od. 
 
 £177,291 3s. 6d. 
 
 Association income in 1903 amounted to £10,144. 
 Expenditure during 1903, £8,756. 
 Investments, £9,029. 
 Number of persons assisted, 1,619. 
 
 Railway Guards' Friendly 
 Society. 
 
 c. — Railway Guards' Universal Friendly Society 
 and Widows and Orphans' Fund. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 General objects. 
 
 The Society was founded June 11, 1849. 
 
 Objects are to provide for railway guards on all lines 
 throughout Great Britain the ordinary advantages of a 
 benefit society, and, in addition, two special benefits 
 of a most unique and exceptional character, namely: 
 
 a. — Sick pay for life for all members who may become 
 permanently disabled after 10 years' member- 
 ship, either from injuries or constitutional 
 causes ; and 
 
 b. — Annuities for the widows and orphans of those 
 deceased. 
 
 Membership eligibility. 
 
 Railway guards, brakesmen, and conductors, who have 
 received their official appointment as such, are eligible to 
 membership, provided their ages do not exceed 35 years. 
 
 Members leaving the railway service are allowed to con- 
 tinue membership in the Society. 
 
290 
 
 Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 Benefits extended by Society to membership are : 
 
 a. — An allowance of 20s., 15s., or 10s. per week in 
 ordinary cases of sickness. 
 
 b. — Permanent pay to those who become totally dis- 
 abled after 10 years' membership, under graduat- 
 ing scale. 
 
 c — A sum of ,£40, .£30, or ,£20 at death of a member, 
 and if married a sum of ,£20, .£15, or .£10, respec- 
 tively, at death of member's wife. 
 
 d. — Bonus of ,£40 or an annuity of ,£13 to widows and 
 orphans of deceased member. 
 
 Sick Fund accounts. 
 
 Contributory period. 
 
 Three accounts are kept of money disbursed in connection 
 with Sick Fund, namely: 
 
 a. — Casual or ordinary sickness. 
 
 b. — Casual injuries. 
 
 c. — Permanent sickness or injury. 
 
 Casual or Ordinary Sickness and Casual Injuries (Sick 
 Fund) : 
 
 In case of claim under this head the member is accorded 
 full pay for a maximum period of 26 weeks, and a sum not 
 exceeding half pay for remainder of term. 
 
 Permanent Sick and Injured Pay (Sick Fund) : 
 
 Intended to be applicable to members laboring under 
 the following misfortunes, namely: 
 
 a. — Loss of limbs or the use thereof. 
 
 b. — Loss of eyesight, or injuries of such a nature or 
 other decided and incurable ailments as per- 
 manently to incapacitate a member from earn- 
 ing his livelihood, provided that such loss or 
 injury is due to causes other than profligacy, 
 quarreling, fighting, drunkenness, or immorality. 
 
Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 291 
 
 Member not eligible to claim this allowance until he has 
 been a contributor for a period of two years, after which 
 time the benefits payable are: 
 
 After 2 years and under 5 Half pay. 
 
 After 5 years and under 10 Three-quarters pay. 
 
 After 10 years.. Full pay. 
 
 Commutation of allowance. 
 
 A claimant under this head may accept, and the Associ- 
 ation may pay, such sum as may be agreed upon between 
 the claimant and the General Committee in liquidation 
 of the claim. 
 
 Old-age annuity. 
 
 Member having left the railway service, and being over 
 70 years of age, providing he has been a subscribing member 
 for 40 years, may claim half permanent pay. He will be 
 required to contribute to all funds other than the Sick Fund, 
 but will not be required to furnish medical certificate, or be 
 subject to same rules and regulations in force in respect to 
 permanent sick or injured members. 
 
 Entrance fee. 
 
 Entrance fee of Is. only is required of a proposed member 
 under 25 years of age; and for member 25 to 30 years of 
 age, 2s. 6d. 
 
 Basis of subscription. Members may subscribe in accordance with their means 
 
 and wishes for any of the above-named rates in the Sick 
 and Death Funds, with the exception that if over 30 years 
 of age at the time of joining the Society they cannot sub- 
 scribe for the highest sick or death benefits. 
 
 Sick Fund contributions. 
 
 Contributions — Sick Fund: 
 
 A table of monthly contributions, compiled by an eminent 
 actuary, payable at any age from 18 to 35 years, has been 
 adopted for this fund, so that the younger the member may 
 be at time of joining the Society the lower the subscription 
 he will have to pay. 
 
292 
 
 Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 Death Fund contributions. 
 
 Contributions — Death Fund : 
 
 These are per lunar month for 
 
 £40 rate: If single, Is. 2d. 
 £30 rate: If single, lid. 
 £20 rate: If single, 7d. 
 
 if married, Is. 6d. 
 if married, Is. 2d. 
 if married, 9d. 
 
 A member who may marry after joining the Society may 
 enroll his wife in this fund by making application within 12 
 months of such marriage and proportionately increasing 
 his contributions. 
 
 Widows and Orphans' Fund 
 contributions. 
 
 Contributions — Widows and Orphans' Fund : 
 
 These are per lunar month : 
 
 Under 25 years of age Is. 9d. 
 
 25 and under 30 years of age 2s. Od. 
 
 30 and under 35 years of age 2s. 3d. 
 
 All members take sick and 
 death benefits. 
 
 All members must subscribe for both sick and death 
 benefits, but it is optional whether they subscribe to the 
 Widows and Orphans' Fund. 
 
 Society expenditure since 
 inauguration. 
 
 Since the Society first opened its funds for relief of 
 members, 54 years ago, it has paid to the several classes 
 of claimants, as noted below, the aggregate sum of £277,3S9 
 18s. 1M., made up as follows: 
 
 Sick and injured members £204,722 5s. 5d. 
 
 Payments at death of members and 
 
 wives 48,984 12s. lid. 
 
 Widows and orphans 23,682 19s. 9£d. 
 
 Receipts and expenditure 
 in 1903. 
 
 Contributions by members to Sick Fund during the year 
 ending June 3, 1903, amounted to £5,698, and the pay- 
 ments to £9,840, and of the latter amount £4,811 repre- 
 sented "sick and injured pay" and £5,029 amount granted 
 to permanently disabled members. 
 
Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 293 
 
 Contributions by members to Death Fund for the year 
 ending June 3, 1903 amounted to £2,075, and the expendi- 
 ture to £1,620. 
 
 Contributions by members to Widows and Orphans' Fund 
 during the ending June 3, 1903 amounted to £64, and the 
 expenditure to £542. 
 
 No. members. 
 
 Number of members of Society enrolled on June 3, 1903, 
 was 2,989. 
 
 d. — United Kingdom Railway Temperance Union 
 Provident and Benefit Fund. 
 
 Temperance Union 
 Provident and Benefit 
 Fund. 
 
 This Society had been in existence 15 months December 
 31, 1903. 
 
 During the period named 122 members were admitted 
 to the Total Abstinence Section and 17 into the General 
 Section; and of these 2 withdrew and 5 lapsed, the total 
 number of members on December 31, 1903, being 132. 
 
 Number of members receiving sick pay was 6 in Total 
 Abstinence Section and 1 in General Section. Membership 
 contribution to this fund is Is. 
 
 Clearing House Fund. 
 
 e. — Railway Clearing System Superannuation 
 Fund Corporation. 
 
 This Fund discussed as a distinct undertaking elsewhere 
 herein, vide infra, pp. 297, 298, 299. 
 
 Ambulance. 
 
 /. — Ambulance Association. 
 
 St. John Ambulance 
 
 Association. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 St. John Ambulance Association was established in 1887, 
 by the Duke of Manchester and the Chapter of the Order 
 of St. John of Jerusalem.* 
 
294 
 
 Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 Object. 
 
 It has for its object the dissemination of general informa- 
 tion on preliminary treatment of the sick and injured among 
 all classes of society. 
 
 Certificates awarded. 
 
 A course of instruction is given to students, and those 
 passing the examination receive a certificate of proficiency. 
 Upwards of 400,000 certificates have been awarded to per- 
 sons of both sexes. 
 
 Invalid Corps. 
 
 An Invalid Transport Corps has been formed. 
 
 Brigade work. 
 
 On public occasions ambulance stations are created by 
 the members of the different corps of the "St. John Ambu- 
 lance Brigade," and "first aid" is extended both in cases 
 of injuries from accident and of sudden illness. 
 
 Spread of plan. 
 
 The work has been extended to the East and West Indies, 
 Canada, China, Australia, New Zealand, and various parts 
 of Europe and Africa. 
 
 * Note.— In the year 1023 certain merchants of Amalfi, Italy (which during 
 the tenth and eleventh centuries was an independent republic of considerable com- 
 mercial importance, with a trade extending into Egypt and the East), obtained 
 permission from the caliph of Egypt to establish a hospital in Jerusalem for 
 the use of "poor and sick Latin pilgrims." With the increased utility of the 
 undertaking organization became necessary, and in this organization is to be 
 found the origin of the Order of Saint John. 
 
 g. — United Kingdom Railway Temperance Union. 
 
 General characteristics of the Union are presented herein, 
 under above heading (vide supra, p. 293). 
 
Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 295 
 
 General. 
 
 Great Britain. (General.) 
 
 Railway Benevolent Institution. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Head Office at London, England. Established in 1858. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Design: Relief of necessitous orphans, children and 
 widows of officers and servants, and of disabled and necessi- 
 tous officers and servants, of railways and canal companies, 
 the railway clearing houses, and of railway carrying agents, 
 in the United Kingdom. In the conduct of the plan 
 special funds are created and maintained. 
 
 Contributions. 
 
 Minimum officers' subscription, 10s. 6d. per annum, and 
 servants', 8s. per annum. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Benefits, minimum, between 5 and 13 years' member- 
 ship, maximum allowance, .£13 per annum; over 13 years', 
 additional maximum allowance of £1 per annum up to £26 
 for officers. Servants between 5 and 10 years', £10 per 
 annum; 10 years' and over, an additional £1 per annum for 
 each completed year up to £20 per annum. 
 
 Statistics. 
 
 One hundred and twenty-four railways are participants 
 in the fund, principally through membership in its Casualty 
 Fund, which in 1903 had 121,619 subscribers, and which 
 during the same year relieved 5,163 cases of disablement 
 and death. 
 
296 
 
 Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 Railway Benevolent 
 Institution. 
 Casualty Fund. 
 
 The following railways of Great Britain addressed by the 
 Reporter, and from which replies were not received on 
 insurance undertakings, are subscribers to the Railway 
 Benevolent Institution, being participants in the "Casualty 
 Fund," viz.: 
 
 
 Railway Benevolent Institution- 
 Casualty Fund 
 
 Name of Road 
 
 Mileage 
 
 Number 
 
 Members, 
 
 1903 
 
 Number 
 
 Relieved, 
 
 1903 
 
 Belfast & Northern Coun- 
 ties Railway 
 
 200.5 
 
 960 
 
 257 
 
 94 
 159 
 
 52 
 506 
 337 
 
 1,078 
 
 485 
 
 27 
 
 484 
 
 87 
 70 
 
 62 
 
 538 
 
 40 
 
 17 
 204 
 
 48.25 
 
 662 
 
 594 
 
 1,368 
 
 560 
 
 205 
 
 106 
 
 35 
 
 1,640 
 
 707 
 
 13 
 281 
 20 
 
 1,053 
 
 208 
 272 
 
 208 
 
 2,321 
 
 43 
 
 1,787 
 
 1,339 
 
 60 
 
 4,661 
 
 25 
 
 Caledonian Railways 
 
 12 
 
 Cambrian Railways 
 
 20 
 
 Cork, Bandon & South 
 Coast Railway 
 
 15 
 
 Dublin, Wicklow & Wex- 
 ford Railway 
 
 1 
 
 East & West Junction Rail- 
 way 
 
 
 Glasgow & South Western 
 Railway 
 
 14 
 
 Great North of Scotland 
 Railway 
 
 8 
 
 Great Southern & Western 
 Railway 
 
 1 
 
 Highland Railway 
 
 7 
 
 Isle of Man Railwav 
 
 
 London, Brighton & South 
 Coast Railway.. 
 
 30 
 
 London, Tilbury & South 
 Knd Railway 
 
 3 
 
 Metropolitan Railway 
 
 10 
 
 Midland & South Western 
 Junction Railway 
 
 8 
 
 Midland Great Western 
 Railwav 
 
 186 
 
 Neath & Brecon Railway 
 North London Railway 
 North Staffordshire Railway 
 Rhymney Railway 
 
 2 
 115 
 
 54 
 
 South Eastern & Chatham 
 Railway 
 
 125 
 
 
 
Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 297 
 
 Railway Clearing House. 
 
 Origin. 
 
 Institution. 
 
 Legal powers. 
 
 Service age. 
 Financing. 
 
 Retirement. 
 
 Commutation. 
 
 Basis of railway 
 contribution. 
 
 Make-up of fund. 
 
 Railway Clearing System Superannuation Fund Corporation. 
 
 This is an offshoot of the Railway Clearing House. The 
 growth of the railway business in Great Britain, coupled 
 with the necessity for joint or inter-road billing arrange- 
 ments, providing for billing business through over the lines 
 of two or more connecting railways, resulted in the forma- 
 tion by some of the roads, among themselves, of an asso- 
 ciation to facilitate the interchange of traffic; this was 
 styled the "Railway Clearing House," and it was first 
 inaugurated in 1847; three years later it was duly incor- 
 porated by the Parliamentary Railway Clearing Act of 
 1850. It may sue and be sued. Any railway may join or 
 retire from it on one month's notice; and may be obliged 
 to retire at request of two-thirds of the associated roads. 
 Each road is represented by a delegate; and these dele- 
 gates constitute a committee for transacting business. 
 The committee is invested with power to adjust all accounts 
 between associated companies, and its decisions are final 
 and conclusive. Any balance due from a company is a 
 debt to the committee, for the recovery of which legal 
 remedy is provided. 
 
 Maximum service entrance age to Fund, 45 years. 
 
 Members contribute 2\ per centum on salaries, with like 
 contribution by the Clearing Committee. Additional 
 contribution for those joining when over 24 years of age. 
 
 Retirement conditions based on fiftieth parts and other- 
 wise same as for roads of Great Britain herein discussed, 
 ■vide supra. 
 
 Commutation of allowances permitted. 
 
 Railway companies and joint committees subscribing to 
 the Fund contribute thereto for each calendar month 2^ 
 per centum on salaries of such month of all their salaried 
 officers and clerks, who are Fund members, also such addi- 
 tional subscription which any of such employes pay to the 
 Fund beyond 2\ per centum on salaries in consideration of 
 time being added to the membership. 
 
 September 30, 1903, the Fund comprised the Railway 
 Clearing Committee, 37 railways and 26 joint railway com- 
 mittees, representing a total membership of 14,954, with 
 
298 
 
 Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 Receipts and disbursements. 
 
 Table of Clearing System 
 Fund Membership Roads. 
 
 366 annuitants, vide infra. Fully 95 per centum of mem- 
 bership roads have no funds of their own, and insure their 
 employes exclusively in the Clearing House Fund. 
 
 Receipts for 30 years, 1874 to 1903, inclusive, .£1,520,610 
 4s., and receipts for year ended September 30, 1903, 
 £119,854 9s. 8d. Disbursements for same period, 
 £417,413 6s. 10d., and for year ended September 30, 1903, 
 £54,357 8s. 4d. Up to September 30, 1903, £267,118 2s. 
 9d. had been paid to 640 annuitants, of whom 366 were on 
 the books at that date, with pensions amounting in the 
 aggregate to £41,965 0s. 4d. per annum. 
 
 Report of the Committee of the Railway Clearing System 
 Superannuation Fund Corporation for the year ended 
 30th September, 1903, shows the following status for 
 annuitants and contributing membership: 
 
 Road 
 
 Members 
 
 Annui- 
 tants 
 
 Railwav Clearing Committee 
 
 Barry Railway Company . 
 
 2,69S 
 
 139 
 
 63 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 187 
 
 25 
 
 29 
 
 270 
 
 2 
 
 2,558 
 
 16 
 
 434 
 
 413 
 
 314 
 
 15 
 
 376 
 
 264 
 4 
 
 84 
 14 
 
 1 
 
 1 
 
 22 
 
 290 
 
 45 
 57 
 
 114 
 
 Belfast & County Down Railway Company. 
 * Brecon & Merthvr Railway Company 
 
 
 
 ^Caledonian Railway Company 
 
 Cambrian Railway Company 
 
 
 
 Cleator & Workington June. Railway Company 
 Dublin, Wicklow & Wexford Railway Company 
 
 Furness Railway Company 
 
 *Glasgow & South Western Railway Company.... 
 Great Central Railway Company 
 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 *Great Northern Railway Company 
 
 
 Great Northern Railway Company (Ireland) 
 
 Great North of Scotland Railway Company.. 
 Great Southern & Western Railway Company 
 (Ireland) . 
 
 16 
 16 
 
 *Great Western Railway Company 
 
 1 
 
 Highland Railway Company 
 
 20 
 
 Hull, Barnsley & West Riding Junction Rail- 
 way and Dock Company. 
 
 
 *Lancashire & Yorkshire Railwav Company. 
 Lancashire, Derbyshire & East Coast Railway 
 Company 
 
 
 
 *London & North Western Railway Company... 
 *London & South Western Railway Company.... 
 *London, Brighton & South Coast Railway 
 
 
 1 
 
 London, Chatham & Dover Railway Company 
 London, Tilbury & Southend Railway Company 
 Manchester, South Junction & Altrincham Rail- 
 
 
 
 2 
 
 Maryport & Carlisle Railway Company 
 
 
 
 
 Carried forward. 
 
 8,323 
 
 202 
 
 
 
Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 299 
 
 Road 
 
 Annui- 
 tants 
 
 Brought forward 
 
 Mersey Railway Company.. 
 
 Metropolitan Railway Company. 
 
 Metropolitan District Railway Company 
 
 ♦Midland Railway Company — 
 
 Midland Great Western Railway Company of 
 
 Ireland 
 
 North London Railway Company 
 
 North Staffordshire Railway Company. 
 
 Rhondda & Swansea Bay Railway Company .... 
 
 Rhymney Railway Company..... 
 
 South Eastern Railway Company 
 
 Taff Vale Railway Company.. 
 
 Committee. 
 
 Birkenhead Park Station Joint Committee 
 
 Carlisle Citadel Station Joint Committee.. 
 
 Cheshire Lines Railway Joint Committee.. 
 
 Dumbarton and Balloeh Joint Committee. 
 
 Dundee and Arbroath Joint Committee. 
 
 East London Joint Committee. 
 
 Glasgow, Barrhead and Kilmarnock and Glas 
 gow and Paisley Railways Joint Committee. 
 ♦Hammersmith and City Railway Joint Com- 
 mittee. - - - 
 
 Irish Railways London Office Committee. 
 
 London & North Western and Great Western 
 Joint Railway Committee 
 
 Macclesfield Railway Joint Committee 
 
 Metropolitan and Metropolitan District (City 
 Lines) Joint Committee 
 
 Midland & Great Northern Joint Railway Com- 
 mittee. : 
 
 Northern Counties Committee (Midland Rail-J 
 way) - 
 
 North & South Western Junction Railway 
 Joint Committee 
 
 Oldham, Ashton & Guide Bridge Junction Rail- 
 way Joint Committee.. — 
 
 Perth General Station Joint Committee........ 
 
 Portpatrick and Wigtownshire Joint Committee 
 
 Railway Clearing Committee (Ireland) 
 
 Railway Companies Association.... 
 
 Sheffield & Midland Railway Joint Committee.... 
 
 Somerset & Dorset Railway Joint Committee.... 
 
 South Eastern and London, Chatham and 
 Dover Railways Managing Committee..... 
 
 South Eastern and London .Chatham and Dover 
 (Dover & Deal Railway) Joint Committee 
 
 West London Extension Railway Joint Com- 
 mittee — 
 
 Whitechapel & Bow Railway Joint Committee.. 
 
 8,323 
 
 17 
 
 366 
 
 155 
 
 12 
 
 278 
 219 
 616 
 
 40 
 114 
 
 28 
 350 
 
 2 
 22 
 913 
 26 
 50 
 16 
 
 54 
 
 5 
 
 1 
 
 226 
 21 
 
 13 
 276 
 199 
 
 14 
 
 7 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 107 
 
 2 
 
 28 
 
 161 
 
 2,254 
 
 4 
 
 11 
 9 
 
 Total. , 1 14,954 
 
 202 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 7 
 
 1 
 
 11 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 84 
 
 366 
 
 * Members in service of companies preceded by the asterisk (*) were trans- 
 ferred from other services after they had joined the Fund. 
 
300 Public and Private (Outside) Provision. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 Tasmania Government Railways. 
 
 (462 miles; 969 employes.) 
 
 inauguration. Effective as of October, 1902, the Government, through 
 
 the medium of parliamentary grants, makes the following 
 provision in event of sickness or death, viz.: 
 
 Sickness. Sickness : 
 
 a. — One month's leave of absence is granted to any 
 civil servant who, after four years' continuous 
 service, retires from the civil service through 
 sickness, or is retrenched; and one week's 
 additional leave, on full pay, is granted to any 
 such servant for every year's service performed 
 in excess of said four years, provided that in 
 no case such leave of absence exceeds twelve 
 months. 
 
 Death: 
 Death, b. — If any civil servant dies while in Government 
 
 service, a gratuity is paid his widow, family, or 
 legal representative, equal to one month's pay 
 and emoluments, providing such servant has 
 completed two years' continuous service; and 
 one week's pay and emoluments for every 
 year's service, or portion thereof, performed in 
 excess of said two years. 
 
L. — Leave Allowance. 
 
 General vogue. 
 
 Classification. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 This is a system obtaining generally among East Indian 
 railways, providing for furloughing servants or employes, 
 both with and without pay, on the basis of continuous 
 years of service, four classes of leaves prevailing, viz.: 
 
 A. — General Leave. 
 B. — Sick Leave. 
 C. — Privilege Leave. 
 D. — Special Leave. 
 
 The provisions of the Burma Railways Company in this 
 respect, as recited below, stand for the general practice in 
 this relation : 
 
 Furlough or general leave. 
 
 A. — Furlough or General Leave: 
 
 Agent of the Company may grant furlough to any 
 European servants, who can be conveniently spared, on 
 the following scale: 
 
 12 months after 6 years' service. 
 
 14 months after 7 years' service. 
 
 16 months after 8 years' service. 
 
 18 months after 9 years' service. 
 
 Subsequent furlough may be granted for a period not 
 exceeding two months for each additional year of further 
 service. 
 
 No second or subsequent furlough granted until after a 
 further actual service of three (3) years, commencing with 
 date of expiration of previous furlough; and no single 
 furlough is granted for a longer period than eighteen 
 months. 
 
 With the proviso that no furlough pay shall exceed the 
 rate of ,£1,000 per annum, an employe of the Company 
 absent on furlough will be allowed half the substantive 
 (real or actual) pay of his appointment, excluding all 
 allowances except personal allowances. 
 (301) 
 
302 
 
 Leave Allowance. 
 
 Sick leave. 
 
 B. — Sick Leave: 
 
 Agent may grant leave of absence for any period not 
 exceeding twelve months, upon production of certificate 
 from the Company's medical officer declaring that he is of 
 opinion that sick leave is necessary. 
 
 Sick-leave pay not to exceed rate of ,£1,000 per annum, 
 and with this proviso employe absent on sick certificate 
 will be allowed half the substantive pay of his appointment, 
 subject to minimum of three-fourths of last salary. Full 
 pay is admissible during periods of absence not exceeding 
 sixty days in all in any year. 
 
 Privilege leave. 
 
 Special leave. 
 
 C. — Privilege Leave: 
 
 The amount of privilege leave is one-eleventh part of the 
 time during which employe has been on duty without 
 interruption, and the calculation should be made as follows : 
 One calendar month for every eleven calendar months of 
 duty, and one day for every eleven days of the balance. 
 
 D. — Special Leave: 
 
 Where service has not been less than two years, leave 
 may be granted on urgent private affairs for any period 
 not exceeding six months, no pay or allowance being drawn 
 for such leave. 
 
 The foregoing provisions relate to superior officers; there 
 is, however, also provision for all servants not in that 
 grade. 
 
 Government provision. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 Tasmanian Government Railways. 
 
 (462 miles; 969 employes.) 
 
 The Government, by parliamentary grants, provides for 
 leaves of absence, based on length of continuous service. 
 {Vide supra, page 300," K. — Public and Private (Outside) 
 Provision.") 
 
Miscellaneous undertakings. 
 
 M. — Miscellaneous Provision. 
 
 General : A great deal of information of a miscellaneous 
 character reached the Reporter, from railways in general, 
 comprehending provident endeavor in channels of compara- 
 tively minor importance. This embraces, inter alia, dormi- 
 tories, rest-rooms, club-rooms, dining-rooms, widows' funds, 
 orphans' funds, etc. They are mentioned in this place 
 merely to more fully round out the nature and extent of 
 provident effort. 
 
 Great Eastern Railway. 
 
 Stratford dormitory. 
 
 Parkeston rest-room. 
 
 Dormitories and Rest-Rooms. 
 
 The following provision by the Great Eastern Railway 
 of England will afford a good insight of provision usually 
 made for employes in the way of dormitories and rest-rooms : 
 
 At Stratford, where the Company's locomotive and 
 carriage works are located, there has been provided a 
 dormitory for the accommodation of enginemen who are 
 unable to return home at night. It consists of a sleeping 
 chamber containing 50 cubicles (i. e., small compartments 
 or divisions for single sleepers), a reading and smoking 
 room, provided with a small library and various games; 
 the daily newspapers; a dining-room seating 14 persons, 
 and a kitchen where the men's food, which they have to 
 supply themselves, is cooked; there are also baths and a 
 lavatory, with an ample supply of hot and cold water. This 
 dormitory was opened November 17, 1890, with 20 beds. 
 There are now 50 beds in all. The total number of occupants 
 since the opening, in 1890, was 224,653. The enginemen 
 are charged Is. 3d. a night for the accommodations. 
 
 Another dormitory was opened by the Company at Strat- 
 ford, in May, 1903, for the use of the guards. It is conducted 
 on very much the same lines as the one above described. 
 The charge is Is. per night or day. 
 
 At Parkeston, a Continental port, the Company has 
 
 started a house partly for the accommodation of the single 
 
 men permanently engaged there, and partly for those men 
 
 who are obliged to spend the night there. The charges 
 
 (303) 
 
304 Miscellaneous Provision. 
 
 are 2s. 6d. per week, or for a shorter time, 6d. per night. Such 
 payments include the use of cooking and eating utensils, 
 and the men cook their own food. There is accommodation 
 for 50 occupants, but the average number seldom exceeds 30. 
 
 London & North western The London & North Western Railway (of England) 
 
 Railway. 
 
 replies include data on sundry miscellaneous undertakings 
 which are supplemental of those already mentioned for 
 other railway companies. These include athletic clubs, 
 recreation grounds, cricket and football clubs, railway 
 missionary work, etc. 
 
 Recreation Ground. 
 
 A recreation ground was opened by the Company at 
 Wolverton in 1885, for the benefit of the people there, and 
 the privilege is still enjoyed. 
 
 Cricket and Football Clubs. 
 
 At St. Helens Junction, where the general stores of the 
 Company are dealt with, and at other centres throughout 
 the system, the Company has materially assisted in the 
 formation of cricket and football clubs, the officers also 
 rendering their support. 
 
 London & North Western Railway (London) Athletic 
 Club. 
 
 This club, the largest of its kind in connection with any 
 railway in England, has been established many years, and 
 has grown with the expansion of the Company. 
 
 Club ground, 10 acres in extent, is situated within 30 
 minutes' train ride from Euston. 
 
 Managed by 25 members representatives of the different 
 departments and stations. The Right Hon. Lord Stalbridge 
 is the President, Sir Frederic Harrison Vice-President, and 
 the Directors of the Company and chief officials are patrons. 
 
 Among other features are cricket, bowling, swimming, 
 and life-saving classes. 
 
 Membership at the present time is about 900, employed 
 at Euston Station and London depots. 
 
Miscellaneous Provision. 
 
 305 
 
 Crewe Athletic Club. CREWE ALEXANDRA ATHLETIC CLUB. 
 
 Club was formed in 1886 by the junior clerks of the 
 locomotive offices, the initial idea being to play cricket 
 only, membership being confined to the clerks in the gen- 
 eral offices at Crewe. Gradually, however, the club ex- 
 tended its sphere of operations, apprentices in the works 
 and youths in the town being allowed to join, and ulti- 
 mately, in 1877, a new ground was secured, when other 
 branches of sport were introduced. 
 
 Missionary work. 
 
 Missionary Work. 
 
 a. — LONDON CITY MISSIONS. 
 
 London City Mission sent a missionary, who is engaged 
 in visiting the Railway Company's employes at the Lon- 
 don station and goods depots. His work is to distribute 
 tracts, etc., and generally attend to the spiritual welfare of 
 the men. The Railway Company contributes about one- 
 half of his salary. 
 
 b. — RAILWAY MISSION. 
 
 There exists a society known as the Railway Mission, 
 which has for its object the propagation of the gospel 
 among railway men. This society was inaugurated and is 
 worked by railway people, the office being in London. 
 
 Introduction and operation 
 of act. 
 
 Workmen's Compensation Act, 1897. 
 
 Many of the English railways make payments to injured 
 workmen under the provisions of an Act of Parliament 
 entitled "The Workmen's Compensation Act, 1897." The 
 bill was introduced in English Parliament May 3, 1897, 
 and the act became operative March 31, 1898. There 
 will be next given a resume of its principal provisions : 
 
306 
 
 Miscellaneous Provision. 
 
 Compensation. 
 
 Compensation for personal injury under the act is on 
 following scale: 
 
 c. — Where death results from the injury, if the work- 
 man leaves dependents, a sum equal to his earn- 
 ings during previous three years, or sum of 
 ,£150, whichever of the two sums is the larger, 
 but not exceeding ,£300 in any case, provided 
 the amount of any weekly payments made 
 under the act should be deducted from such sum. 
 
 b. — In case of incapacity for work, a weekly payment 
 during the incapacitation, after the second week, 
 not exceeding 50 per centum of the workman's 
 weekly earnings at time of accident, such weekly 
 payment not to exceed £1. 
 
 Ambulance classes. 
 
 ♦Ambulance Classes. 
 
 Ambulance Classes are in vogue with most of the English 
 railways, and are supported wholly out of railway revenue. 
 Their chief purpose is to act as emergency men, and in that 
 role provide immediate care and relief pending removal of 
 patient to regular hospital. 
 
 * Ambulance, the French ambulance, hopital ambulant, derived from the Latin 
 ambulare, to move from place to place. 
 
 Widows and 
 Orphans' Funds. 
 
 Widows and Orphans' Funds. 
 
 These funds are usually conducted by the workingmen 
 of English roads, and provide for small annual payments 
 to widows and orphans in case of death of the contributors. 
 
 Orphanage Societies. 
 Orphanage Societies. Workingmen of English railways conduct these societies, 
 
 which have for their object the maintenance and education 
 of the children of deceased servants. 
 
Miscellaneous Provision. 
 
 307 
 
 Dining-Rooms. 
 
 DINING-ROOMS AND CLUBS. 
 
 These are usually conducted in connection with the 
 various institutes of railways in Great Britain, and provide 
 meals at reduced rates to membership. 
 
 Characteristics. 
 
 Friendly Societies. 
 
 Friendly Societies are a British institution, inaugurated 
 among the poorer classes for mutual assistance against the 
 distress arising from sickness, accident, death, or other 
 causes of destitution. The formation of these societies 
 dates from the eighteenth century. They were at first 
 merely a banding together of a few persons on unscien- 
 tific principles, but of late years they have been subjects of 
 Parliamentary action, and are now limited by law to opera- 
 tions on a basis founded on the experience deduced from 
 the actuaries' tables of insurance. They are limited to 
 annuities of ,£50 and gross premiums of .£200. 
 
 Operative scope. 
 
 The Friendly Societies Act, 1896, and the Collecting 
 Societies and Industrial Assurance Companies' Act, 1896, 
 consolidate all the law on the subject. The societies in- 
 clude Friendly Societies proper, with their branches, Be- 
 nevolent Societies, Cattle Assurance Societies, Working 
 Men's Clubs, and specially authorized societies for various 
 purposes, while, in addition, the Chief Registrar also deals 
 with Industrial and Provident (Co-operative) Societies, 
 Building Societies, Trade Unions, certified Loan Societies, 
 Trustee Savings Banks, Railway Savings Banks, and cer- 
 tain Scientific and Literary Societies certified for exemption 
 from rates. 
 
 List of friendly eocietiee. 
 
 Report of Chief Registrar of Friendly Societies of Great 
 Britain for year 1900 affords the following information on 
 these societies, viz.: 
 
308 
 
 Miscellaneous Provision. 
 
 Date of 
 Establish- 
 ment 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 Members 
 
 ♦Midland Railway Friendly Society 
 
 ♦Great Western Railway Enginemen and Firemen's Mutual Assurance, Sick and Super- 
 annuation Society 
 
 ♦Great Eastern Railway Provident Society. 
 
 Railway Guards' Universal Friendly Society.-- 
 
 ♦London & South Western Railway Friendly Society 
 
 ♦London & South Western Railway Widows and Orphans' Benefit Society 
 
 ♦Midland Railway Enginemen and Firemen's Life Assurance and Permanent Incapaci- 
 tation Fund 
 
 ♦North London Railway Provident Society 
 
 Scottish Railway Servants' Friendly Society 
 
 ♦North Staffordshire Railway Friendly Society 
 
 ♦Great Western Railway Locomotive and Carriage Department Sick Fund 
 
 Railway Signalmen's United Aid and Sick Society 
 
 ♦London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Provident Society 
 
 ♦Great Northern Railway Locomotive Sick Society 
 
 ♦London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Station Masters and Inspectors' Mutual 
 
 Aid Society 
 
 ♦London & South Western Railway New Provident and Sick Benefit Society 
 
 ♦Caledonian Railway Servants' Friendly Society 
 
 ♦Great Western Railway Provident Society 
 
 Metropolitan District Railway Mutual Provident Society 
 
 Gateshead and District Engine Drivers, Firemen and Cleaners' Friendly Society 
 
 Railway Men's Friendly Society 
 
 ♦Glasgow & South Western Railway Friendly Society. 
 
 Waterford, Limerick & Western Railway Friendly Society 
 
 London & Suburban Railway Officials' Association. 
 
 Derby Locomotive Friendly Society 
 
 Scottish Engine Drivers and Firemen's Friendly Society 
 
 ♦North Eastern Railway Passenger Signalmen's Provident Society. 
 
 ♦Midland Great Western Railway (Ireland) Benefit Society 
 
 Railway Officers and Servants' Sick Society 
 
 ♦North Eastern Railway Provident Society 
 
 United Kingdom Railway Officers and Servants' Association 
 
 Rugby and District Enginemen and Firemen's Friendly Society 
 
 ♦Belfast & Northern Counties Railway Workmen's Pension Fund 
 
 ♦Belfast & Northern Counties Railway Provident Society 
 
 Reading Society of Railway Servants Sick Benefit and Burial Fund . 
 
 Hull Railway Benefit Society. 
 
 ♦Dublin, Wicklow & Wexford Railway Friendly Society 
 
 Middlesbrough Enginemen, Firemen and Cleaners' Friendly Society 
 
 Stoke-on-Trent, and District Enginemen, Firemen and Cleaners' Friendly Society 
 
 Glasgow and Paisley and Glasgow and Kilmarnock Joint Lines Servants' Friendly 
 
 Society 
 
 ♦Metropolitan Railway Mutual Provident Society 
 
 Irish Railway Clearing House Provident Society 
 
 ♦London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Servants' Benevolent Fund 
 
 ♦North Eastern United Railway Servants' Friendly Society 
 
 ♦Wolverhampton Great Western Railway Locomotive Permanent Sick and Burial 
 
 Society 
 
 ♦London & South Western Railway Guards' Mutual Benefit Fund 
 
 ♦Midland Great Western Railway (Ireland) Enginemen and Firemen's Friendly Society. 
 
 Association of Railway Enginemen and Firemen Inchicore Friendly Society 
 
 Railway Provident Society 
 
 York North Eastern Railway Friendly Society 
 
 ♦North Eastern Railway Central Station and District Railwaymen's Friendly Society... 
 
 Belfast & County Down Railway Servants' Provident Society 
 
 ♦Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Permanent Way Friendly Society.. 
 
 North of England Railway Servants' Provident Benefit Society. 
 
 Newcastle and District Railwaymen's Friendly Society 
 
 ♦Glasgow & South Western Railway Locomotive Friendly Society 
 
 Wigan Goods Guards' Friendly Society. 
 
 Manchester & Milford Railway Friendly Society 
 
 ♦Caledonian Railway Engine Drivers and Firemen's Life Assurance Friendly Society.... 
 ♦North Eastern Railway Provident Society 
 
 River Mersey Engine Drivers' Friendly Society 
 
 Accrington and District Goods Guards and Shunters' Friendly Society 
 
 Chester Railway Servants' Sick and Burial Tontine Society 
 
 Liverpool Dock Railway and General Workmen's Tontine Society 
 
 1859 
 
 1865 
 1851 
 1848 
 1844 
 1861 
 
 1865 
 1859 
 1881 
 1848 
 1843 
 1865 
 1842 
 1850 
 
 1874 
 1881 
 1856 
 1880 
 1887 
 1899 
 1898 
 1884 
 1863 
 1873 
 1841 
 1899 
 1885 
 1871 
 1872 
 1857 
 1861 
 1899 
 1899 
 1861 
 1875 
 1866 
 1863 
 1899 
 1899 
 
 1884 
 1877 
 1888 
 1856 
 1877 
 
 1877 
 1868 
 1880 
 1899 
 1863 
 1874 
 1898 
 1888 
 1890 
 1868 
 1894 
 1852 
 1886 
 1868 
 1865 
 1872 
 1884 
 1891 
 1896 
 1896 
 
 Total for 64 societies 128,342 £895,430 
 
 32,214 £407,838 
 
 5,863 
 9,168 
 3,022 
 1,876 
 285 
 
 890 
 
 799 
 
 3,546 
 
 1,733 
 
 11,448 
 
 499 
 3,848 
 9,860 
 
 239 
 
 1,028 
 
 4,634 
 
 13,782 
 
 784 
 
 282 
 
 222 
 1,523 
 
 704 
 
 165 
 
 403 
 
 290 
 
 700 
 1.928 
 3,931 
 
 805 
 
 777 
 
 155 
 
 279 
 
 1,389 
 
 96 
 
 49 
 
 864 
 
 112 
 
 132 
 
 350 
 
 1,604 
 
 68 
 
 370 
 
 182 
 
 672 
 119 
 
 55 
 
 64 
 718 
 
 62 
 545 
 600 
 113 
 120 
 177 
 1,125 
 
 78 
 
 93 
 467 
 194 
 
 37 
 
 59 
 
 71 
 
 75 
 
 Note. — Roads preceded by asterisk (♦) were addressed by the Reporter in prosecution of investigation for 
 report to the Congress. 
 
Uuited States. 
 Brotherhoods. 
 
 General. 
 
 N. — Railroad Orders and Brotherhoods. 
 United States. 
 
 A review of the composite picturing of the attitude of 
 railways operated in all parts of the world, subject to 
 dominance by English-speaking peoples, would be incomplete 
 without in some degree exploiting the principal railway 
 orders and brotherhoods. 
 
 Locomotive Engineers. 
 
 Policies. 
 
 Railway Conductors. 
 
 Policies. 
 
 Locomotive Firemen. 
 Policies. 
 
 Grand International Brotherhood of Locomotive 
 Engineers. 
 
 Engineers were the first railroad employes to organize, 
 which was done August 17, 1863. Insurance provision 
 extended through a separate organization styled "The 
 Locomotive Engineers' Mutual Life and Accident Insurance 
 Association," conducted as a mutual insurance business. 
 
 Membership maximum age, 50 years. 
 $750 to $1,500 issued. 
 
 Membership about 45,000. 
 
 Policies from 
 
 Order of Railway Conductors of America. 
 
 Organized in 1878 under above title. Mutual Benefit 
 Department is separate from general order so far as manage- 
 ment of its funds is concerned. Policies of $1,000, $2,000, 
 $3,000, $4,000, and $5,000 issued. 
 
 Membership about 35,000. 
 
 Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen. 
 Organized December 1, 1873. 
 
 Insurance divided into three classes: Class A, $500, 
 premium 75 cents per month; Class B, $1,000, premium 
 $1.50; Class C, $1,500; premium $2,00. 
 
 Membership about 40,000. 
 (309) 
 
310 
 
 Railroad Orders and Brotherhoods. 
 
 Railroad Trainmen. 
 
 Policies. 
 
 Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen. 
 Organized December 23, 1883. 
 
 Insurance embraces three classes : Class A, $400, premium 
 75 cents monthly; Class B, $800, premium $1.50; Class C, 
 $1,200, premium $2.00. 
 
 Membership about 69,000. 
 
 Telegraphers. 
 
 Policies. 
 
 Order of Railroad Telegraphers. 
 Organized June 9, 1886. 
 
 Insurance includes three classes : Class A, $300, premium 
 six payments annually of 35 cents each; Class B, $500, same 
 number annual payments of 50 cents each; Class C, $1,000, 
 same number of annual payments of $1.00 each. 
 
 Membership about 35,000. 
 
 Trackmen. 
 Policies. 
 
 Brotherhood of Railway Trackmen of America. 
 
 Organized in 1891. 
 
 Insurance feature provides two forms of policies: Class 
 A, $500, premium 50 cents per month; Class B, $1,000, 
 premium $1.00 per month. 
 
 Carmen. 
 Policies. 
 
 Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America. 
 
 Organized December 9, 1890. 
 
 Three forms of certificates issued : $250, $500, and $1,000, 
 with premiums of respectively 25 cents, 50 cents, and $1.00 
 per month, on basis of assessment on death of a member. 
 
Railroad Orders and Brotherhoods. 
 
 311 
 
 Bridgemen. 
 Benefits. 
 
 Brotherhood of Railroad Bridgemen. 
 Organized about 1900. 
 Provides accident, sickness, death, and funeral benefits. 
 
 Switchmen. 
 
 Women's Auxiliaries. 
 
 Switchmen's Union of North America. 
 Organized in 1897. 
 
 Brotherhood Women's Auxiliaries. 
 
 As the title indicates, these are organizations composed 
 of women, their object being to aid the Brotherhoods 
 conducted by the men. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 Trade unions. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Following are recounted the principal trade unions of 
 railway workers in the United Kingdom, with the year of 
 their formation, number of members, expenditure for sick, 
 funeral, and other benefits, and balance of funds in 1901, 
 the data having been derived from the Fourteenth Report 
 on Trade Unions, Labor Department, Board of Trade, 1901 : 
 
 Amalgamated Society. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Number branches. 
 Number members. 
 Income. 
 Expenditure. 
 Funds. 
 
 Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants of England, 
 Ireland, Scotland and Wales. 
 
 Instituted during the year 1871. 
 
 Branches at end of 1901 numbered 628. 
 
 Number of members, 55,941. 
 
 Income in 1901, ,£68,912. 
 
 Expenditure in 1901, £49,869. 
 
 Funds at end of 1901, £264,099. 
 
312 
 
 Railroad Orders and Brotherhoods. 
 
 Locomotive Engineers. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Number branches. 
 Number members. 
 Income. 
 Expenditure. 
 Funds. 
 
 Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers and 
 Firemen. 
 
 Instituted during the year 1880. 
 Branches at end of 1901 numbered 123. 
 Number of members, 10,502. 
 Income in 1901, £17,908. 
 Expenditure in 1901, £8,818. 
 Funds at end of 1901, £97,953. 
 
 Railway Workers. 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Number branches. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Income. 
 
 Expenditure. 
 
 Funds. 
 
 General Railway Workers' Union. 
 Instituted during the year 1889. 
 
 Branches at end of 1901 numbered 54. 
 
 Number of members, 4,699. 
 
 Income in 1901, £2,945. 
 
 Expenditure in 1901, £1,856 
 
 Funds at end of 1901, £3,956. 
 
 General statistics. 
 
 General. 
 
 At the end of 1901 the number of trade unions was 1,236, 
 with a total membership of 1,922,780; and of this total 
 membership 10,801 members of branches outside of the 
 United Kingdom were included. 
 
 Sources of income. 
 
 Principal source of income of a trade union is, in an 
 ordinary year, the weekly contributions of its members as 
 fixed bv rule. 
 
Railroad Orders and Brotherhoods. 
 
 313 
 
 In addition there is income from entrance fees, fines, 
 profits from sales of rules, reports, membership cards, etc., 
 interest on funds, and, in some cases, rent of property. 
 
 Income is also sometimes increased by extra contribu- 
 tions and levies for special purposes. This income is never 
 a fixed quantity, but varies according to the needs of the 
 organization. 
 
 The average membership per capita contribution in 1901 
 was 31s. lHd. 
 
 Sick and accident 
 benefit. 
 
 Sick and Accident Benefits. 
 
 For support of members incapacitated by sickness or 
 accident, the expenditure taking the forms of weekly benefit 
 paid in sickness, lump sums allotted as bonuses in cases 
 of disablement by accident, and grants which some unions 
 make to hospitals. 
 
 Superannuation benefit. 
 
 Superannuation Benefit. 
 
 Paid by a small number of trade unions only, but this 
 number includes some of the oldest and largest societies in 
 the country. Usually takes the form of a weekly payment, 
 which varies greatly in amount, and may be said to range 
 from 5s. to 10s., although the weekly allowance is sometimes 
 as low as 2s. 
 
 Funeral benefit. 
 
 Funeral Benefit. 
 
 Funeral benefits are paid on account of defunct members, 
 and, in some instances, of the wives of members, a few also 
 providing for the funerals of members' parents or children. 
 This is the most widely adopted of all the friendly benefits 
 paid by the unions. 
 
 Dispute Benefit. 
 
 It is the practice of all trade unions to assist their mem- 
 bers if thrown out of employment by a trade dispute. 
 
314 Railroad Orders and Brotherhoods. 
 
 Unemployed Benefit. 
 
 Under this head are included allowances to members 
 who travel in search of work, a form of benefit specially 
 characteristic of the older unions in the metal group. 
 Emigration benefit is also embraced. 
 
 Percentage of expenditure by transportation branches 
 of the union during period 1892-1901 was: Dispute benefit, 
 6.8 per centum; unemployed, 6.8 per centum; sick and acci- 
 dent benefits, 10.4 per centum; superannuation benefits, 
 3.2 per centum; funeral and other benefits, 16.5 per centum; 
 working and miscellaneous expenses, 56.3 per centum. 
 Total expenditure, .£784,533. 
 
O. — Palace or Sleeping Car Companies. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Railway practice. 
 
 It is customary with American railroad companies to 
 assign the sleeping car, parlor car, and dining car service 
 to an independent operating company. 
 
 Origin of present 
 sleeping car. 
 
 Vestibuling. 
 
 The sleeping car of the present time originated with 
 George M. Pullman, by whom the Pioneer A was built 
 in 1864. Sleeping cars were soon succeeded by the buffet 
 or hotel car, and the latter was succeeded by the drawing- 
 room and dining cars. The "vestibuling" of trains, 
 enabling the convenient and safe passage from one car in 
 a train to another while in motion, dates back to 1852; 
 the first vestibuled train, such as are now in use, was 
 designed and built by Mr. Pullman, and run on the Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad in 1886. 
 
 Constitution of 
 Pullman Company. 
 
 Most of these cars are owned and operated by the 
 Pullman Company, of Chicago, 111., which represents a 
 consolidation of the Pullman Palace Car Company, of 
 Chicago, and the Wagner Palace Car Company, of Buffalo, 
 N. Y., in 1899. 
 
 The close and inseparable relations sustained by the 
 Pullman Company to the railroads obviously suggested the 
 advisability of presenting, for Congressional consideration, 
 a consensus of such replies as it might furnish tending to set 
 forth steps taken to establish "provident" undertakings 
 for its employes. The Company's status in this relation 
 will be next briefly announced: 
 (315) 
 
316 
 
 Palace or Sleeping Car Companies. 
 
 Mileage. 
 
 Number employes. 
 
 The Pullman Company. 
 
 Mileage operated, 175,761 miles. 
 Number of employes, 20,398. 
 
 Insurance. 
 
 Pension. 
 
 INSURANCE. 
 
 Reply from this Company indicates that it is not in any 
 way interested in insurance or relief undertakings or organ- 
 izations on behalf of its employes. 
 
 PENSION. 
 
 The Company does not conduct a regular pension system 
 on account of its employes, but does, from time to time, 
 retire some of its old employes, there being no definite basis 
 for such retirements, each individual case being considered 
 as it arises and treated on its merits. 
 
 General. 
 
 General Comment. 
 
 Apart from the announcements above made as to direct 
 interest manifested by the Company in the promotion and 
 conduct of provident undertakings on behalf of its em- 
 ployes, it may be observed that the Company encourages 
 its employes to carry good insurance, and also has under 
 consideration a pension plan on their account. There is 
 also conducted, for its transportation men, what is known 
 as the "merit system," under the operation of which those 
 with over five years' service to their credit are rewarded 
 by having placed conspicuously upon their service uniforms 
 "meritorious marks" indicative of actual years of service. 
 This feature is highly appreciated by the traveling public, 
 the presence of these marks of special distinction inspiring 
 confidence and security, by reason of evidencing long and 
 faithful discharge of assigned duties. 
 
Relation to railway service. 
 
 P. — Express Companies. 
 United States. 
 
 The express business of the United States is almost 
 exclusively conducted over the railways of the country, the 
 ramifications and territorial extent of the roads reaching 
 every point of importance in the United States, Canada, 
 and Mexico. In view of this general operation by the 
 express companies over railroads, the employes of the latter 
 very frequently performing service for the former, it is 
 considered appropriate and advisable to discuss the effort 
 made by express companies toward conducting "provident'* 
 undertakings on behalf of their men. 
 
 Railway express service. 
 
 Several railroad companies operate their own express 
 service, such as the Northern Pacific Express operating 
 over the lines of the Northern Pacific Railway, the Great 
 Northern Express over the Great Northern Railway, the 
 Denver & Rio Grande Express over the Denver & Rio Grande 
 Railroad, the Long Island Express Company over the Long 
 Island Railroad, and the West Jersey Express over the 
 West Jersey & Seashore Railroad (the two last-mentioned 
 roads being constituent members of the Pennsylvania 
 System of Lines East of Pittsburgh and Erie, Pa.). 
 
 interchange relations. The standard express companies practically control the 
 
 express service of the country, having agreed upon 
 uniform classification and rates, and adopted a system of 
 interchange traffic and settlement which provides for 
 prompt and continuous service and thorough accounting. 
 
 Beginning of 
 express service. 
 
 The foundation of the present express company was laid 
 by William Harnden, in 1839, who instituted a system of 
 parcel delivery, by responsible agents, between New York 
 and Boston. 
 
 (317) 
 
318 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 List of representative 
 companies. 
 
 The express service of the country is practically controlled 
 by a few large companies, and these the Reporter ad- 
 dressed in connection with "provident" features, as well 
 as one or two of the less important companies, viz.: 
 
 Adams Express Company (organized in 1854); 
 American Express Company (established in 1850); 
 National Express Company (founded in 1853); 
 Pacific Express Company (organized in 1879) ; 
 Southern Express Company (incorporated in 1886); 
 United States Express Company (organized in 1854); 
 Wells, Fargo & Company Express (started in 1852) ; 
 Western Express Company. 
 
 Also the following Canadian companies: 
 Canadian Express Company; 
 Dominion Express Company. 
 
 Replies were received by the Reporter from several 
 of the larger express companies, embracing data on various 
 provident undertakings conducted for their employes. 
 The information elicited will be next hereinafter concisely 
 presented : 
 
 Adams Express Company. 
 Mileage. 
 
 Number employes. 
 
 Number offices. 
 
 a. — Insurance. 
 
 Adams Express Company. 
 
 The Express Company operates over 34,360 miles, 
 made up: 
 
 Rail mileage 30,576 miles. 
 
 Water mileage 3,784 " 
 
 Total..... 34,360 " 
 
 Number of employes, 14,979. 
 Number of express offices, 5,791. 
 
Company attitude. 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 319 
 
 While the Company does not provide or conduct provi- 
 dent institutions, it has at all times contributed to purely 
 voluntary associations and societies organized either by 
 or for the benefit of express employes, the most generally 
 representative of which are the Expressmen's Mutual 
 Benefit Association and the Expressmen's Aid Society, 
 both of which are composed of employes identified with 
 all express companies throughout the United States. 
 
 Expressmen's Mutual Benefit Association. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 The Association was organized January 12, 1869, and 
 rules finally amended at the biennial convention in New 
 York City, N. Y., July 9-10, 1902. 
 
 Character. 
 
 Purely mutual institution, founded solely upon the good 
 faith of its members. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Objects are collection of contributions and the payment 
 of insurance at the death of the member, and a cash return 
 to disabled members. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Any employe of a responsible express company may 
 become a member, subject to provisions of constitution 
 and bv-laws. 
 
 Basis of contributions. 
 
 Monthly contributions are based upon nearest present 
 age of members at date of entry. 
 
 Schedule of contributory 
 rates. 
 
 Schedule of contributory rates, viz. 
 
 Monthly Contributions per $1,000, Age Nearest Birthday. 
 
 Age 
 
 Rate 
 
 20 
 
 $1.33 
 
 40 
 
 2.44 
 
 60 
 
 5.64 
 
 70 and over 
 
 9.65 
 
320 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Intervening age rates. 
 
 Partial contribution. 
 
 For intervening ages in connection with the above 
 schedule an ascending scale of graduated rates applies. 
 
 Member may pay upon each contribution 60 per centum 
 in cash, the remainder of his contribution being charged to 
 him on the Association books, interest, at the rate of 4 per 
 centum per annum, being paid to the Association, and the 
 indebtedness deducted from the amount which may accrue 
 in case of member's death or total disability. 
 
 Reserve plan. 
 
 Member who has been five or more years in Association 
 may, if he so elect, pay the rate of contribution according 
 to his age of entering the Association, and shall have charged 
 against his policy as a lien the reserve, according to his age 
 of entry and the number of years of membership, on the 
 American Experience Table with 3 per centum interest ; such 
 lien to be charged with interest at rate of 3 per centum per 
 annum, which may be paid monthly or added to the lien 
 and deducted from amount of indebtedness at member's 
 death. 
 
 Defrayal of expenses. There is set aside from proceeds of each contribution 3 
 
 per centum thereof, which may be used in defraying expenses 
 of the Association. 
 
 Basis of Reserve Fund. 
 
 Reserve Fund is carried at least equal to the reserve based 
 upon the American Experience Table of Mortality with 3^ 
 per centum interest. 
 
 Disposition of surplus. 
 
 Loan value arrangement. 
 
 Surplus in excess of reserve required by said experience 
 table with 3 per centum interest is apportioned by the 
 Executive Committee. If in their judgment the Association 
 would be benefited by purchasing members' certificates, 
 they are authorized to do so. 
 
 Loan values are provided under the policies not exceeding 
 the reserve on said policies. Such loans are given on the 
 sole security of the policies, and bear interest at rate of 
 4 per centum per annum, payable monthly. 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 321 
 
 Provision on surrender 
 of certificate. 
 
 Policies issued. 
 
 Permanent disability 
 provision,. 
 
 Membership application. 
 
 Age limit. 
 Changing classes. 
 
 Fixed rates. 
 
 Table of certificate values. 
 
 When a member surrenders his certificate, there being 
 no indebtedness against it, he is entitled to a fractional 
 policy equivalent in value to the reserve, payable at death, 
 on which no premium will be required. 
 
 Certificates issued by the Association are in the sum of 
 $500 or multiples thereof, and not to exceed $3,000. 
 
 In case of permanent disability the Executive Committee 
 may purchase the certificate of a member out of the Surplus 
 Fund, as already stated herein, for such an amount as they 
 may deem advisable, provided the amount shall not be in 
 excess of one-third of the certificate's face value, except 
 when the reserve exceeds that proportion, when the total 
 reserve under the certificate is payable. 
 
 Applications for membership must be made to a Division 
 Secretary, indorsed by two members of the Association, the 
 Division Secretary, and a member of the Executive Com- 
 mittee, and accompanied by a physician's certificate of 
 health. 
 
 Maximum age for admission to membership is 50 years. 
 
 Member of any class may become a member of any other 
 class by furnishing physician's certificate of health. 
 
 Rates of contribution do not increase as member grows 
 older, but remain the same as at date of entry into Associa- 
 tion. 
 
 Following table exhibits value of certificates per $1,000 
 for loans or paid-up insurance. 
 
 
 
 End of sth Year 
 
 End of ioth Year 
 
 End of 15TH Year 
 
 End of 20TH Year 
 
 
 Cost Per 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Month 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 Reserve 
 
 Paid-up 
 
 Reserve 
 
 Paid-up 
 
 Reserve 
 
 Paid-up 
 
 Reserve 
 
 Paid-up 
 
 20 
 
 $1.33 
 
 $33 
 
 $93 
 
 $72 
 
 $189 
 
 $120 
 
 $285 
 
 $175 
 
 $380 
 
 30 
 
 1.76 
 
 51 
 
 120 
 
 110 
 
 239 
 
 179 
 
 355 
 
 259 
 
 465 
 
 40 
 
 2.44 
 
 78 
 
 154 
 
 167 
 
 300 
 
 265 
 
 433 
 
 368 
 
 551 
 
 50 
 
 3.55 
 
 117 
 
 192 
 
 241 
 
 361 
 
 366 
 
 505 
 
 485 
 
 624 
 
 (Intervening 
 scale.) 
 
 ages and rates call for values on graduated ascending 
 
322 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Basis of certificate rates. 
 
 For certificates of $500 and $2,000 the rates are 
 respectively one-half and double the above-named rates for 
 $1,000 certificate. 
 
 Aggregate payments. 
 
 Total payments to members since organization, $3,448,- 
 269.68, to January 1, 1904. 
 
 Insurance in force. 
 
 Total insurance in force through the Association on 
 January 1, 1904, amounted to $3,235,000. 
 
 Certificates in force. 
 
 Total number of certificates in force through Association 
 on January 1, 1904, was 2,474. 
 
 Statement of operations 
 in 1903. 
 
 Following is statement of operations during the year 
 1903: 
 
 RECEIPTS: 
 
 Contributions from members $124,551.97 
 
 Received account notes due Association 17,154.08 
 
 Interest on investments 3,204.84 
 
 Total receipts $144,910.89 
 
 DISBURSEMENTS: 
 
 Death claims paid $74,000.00 
 
 Total disability claims paid 33,952.86 
 
 Surrendered policies paid (for 
 
 cash value) 161.82 
 
 Total payments to members. $10S,114.68 
 
 Operating expenses.. 2,272.48 
 
 $110,387.16 
 Excess receipts over disbursements.. $34,523.73 
 
 ASSETS: 
 
 Cash on hand. $22,601 .40 
 
 Stocks and bonds of railways and express companies (book 
 
 value) 63,949.25 
 
 Market value of stocks and bonds in excess of book value. 10,248.00 
 
 Loans to members, secured by notes 440.30 
 
 Contributions in course of collection 8,734.38 
 
 Total assets, January 1, 1904 $105,973.33 
 
 LIABILITIES: 
 
 Net reserve, American Experience Table and 3 per centum $70,114.74 
 
 Death claims (proofs not completed) 5,000.00 
 
 Surplus 30,858.59 
 
 Total liabilities, January 1, 1904 $105,973.33 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 323 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Character. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Expressmen's Aid Society. 
 
 This Society was organized in 1874 by the Adams and 
 Southern Express Companies, and also includes employes 
 of all express companies. 
 
 It is a purely mutual institution, founded solely upon the 
 good faith of its members. 
 
 Objects are the collection of contributions by its members, 
 and the distribution of same to beneficiaries of deceased 
 members, or to the members themselves in case of total 
 and permanent disability. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Any employe of a responsible express company or person 
 engaged in regular business in good health, and approved 
 by a member of the executive committee, is eligible to 
 membership. 
 
 Basis of contributions. 
 
 Assessment plan, assessments being levied in accordance 
 with age, under the following scale: 
 
 Scale of contributory rates 
 
 25 years and under.. 
 
 26 years and under 31— 
 31 years and under 36- 
 36 years and under 41— 
 41 years and under 46- 
 46 years and under 51- 
 51 years and under 55- 
 55 years and under 60- 
 60 years and under 65- 
 65 years and over. 
 
 Ptr 
 
 Assessment 
 
 $1.00 
 1.25 
 1.35 
 1.50 
 1.75 
 2.00 
 2.50 
 2.90 
 3.60 
 4.50 
 
 Levy basis. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Assessments are only made on the death of members. 
 
 The benefit varies. It is limited to $2,000, but is never 
 more than the proceeds of one assessment. The Society 
 is under no obligation to enforce payments from any mem- 
 ber of any assessment made upon him, nor to pay any 
 
324 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Disposition of surplus. 
 
 Out-membership. 
 
 Assessment for expenses. 
 
 member the maximum amount of $2,000. All it under- 
 takes to do is to pay such sum as may be realized from a 
 single assessment levied upon the entire membership, to be 
 voluntarily paid by the members, not to exceed $2,000, 
 and nothing more. 
 
 Surplus arising from any assessment of membership is 
 subject to disposal by a vote of two-thirds of the Executive 
 Committee favoring same, and may be used to even up the 
 amounts, if an inequality exists, paid to the beneficiaries 
 less than $2,000 during the year in which accumulated. If 
 all beneficiaries have received a uniform sum during the 
 year, then the Committee may appropriate such surplus to 
 payment of expenses of the Society, or to any other purpose 
 to which two-thirds of their number, by vote, consent. 
 
 Membership is not forfeited upon retirement from service 
 of an express company, so long as assessments and contri- 
 butions to expense fund are kept up. 
 
 Each member is liable to an assessment of $1.00 per 
 annum to pay Society expenses, but no assessment is made 
 for this purpose so long as there is sufficient expense fund 
 in the treasury to meet its indebtedness promptly. 
 
 Aggregate disbursement. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 During the existence of the Society it has paid out 
 upwards of $1,000,000, at a total cost of about $7,200 for 
 gross expenses. 
 
 Average total membership of Society, from 1,050 to 1,250. 
 
 Local societies. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Nature. 
 
 Adams Express Company Employes' Benevolent 
 Association of New York City. 
 
 Founded February 1, 1878; incorporated June 3, 1903; 
 and by-laws adopted June 20, 1903. 
 
 This is one of several benefit associations, conducted on 
 similar lines, local to the larger cities, which are encouraged 
 by the Express Company, receiving annual contributions 
 therefrom. 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 325 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Relief Fund. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Regular employes. 
 
 Messengers. 
 
 Membership relations with 
 similar associations. 
 
 Management. 
 
 Sole object of the corporation is to render help when help 
 is most needed among its members and their dependents; 
 this end being accomplished by the establishment and 
 maintenance of a Relief Fund by collection of dues and 
 assessments from members, and by holding entertainments 
 and outings in the corporate name, and out of the fund so 
 created and sustained allowing to members or their next of 
 kin, in accordance with specific regulations, certain sums 
 of money for burial expenses, and for the relief of sick, dis- 
 abled, and destitute members. 
 
 Membership consists of any male person of good moral 
 character, in sound physical and mental health, under the 
 age of 45 years, who is either: 
 
 a. — A regular employe of The Adams Express Company 
 or its affiliated interests in New York City, New 
 York, or Hudson County, New Jersey; or, 
 
 b. — A messenger regularly employed by said The Adams 
 Express Company or its affiliated interests on a 
 train or car of a railroad or street car company 
 whose terminus is in the aforesaid territory. 
 
 No employe of an affiliated interest of the Express Com- 
 pany will be admitted to membership, nor retain member- 
 ship after admission, who is, or may afterward become, 
 a member of a similar benevolent or relief association or 
 corporation organized or maintained by employes of said 
 affiliated interest of the Express Company, unless such 
 benevolent or relief organization will extend the privileges 
 of membership to members of this corporation. 
 
 Management is vested in a President, Vice-President, 
 Secretary, Treasurer, General Counsel, Financial Secretary, 
 Sergeant-at-Arms, and a Board of Trustees, consisting of a 
 chairman and eight associates. The Trustees are the govern- 
 ing body of the corporation. 
 
 Dues. 
 
 Dues payable by members are 
 in advance. 
 
 .00 a month, payable 
 
326 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Reserve Fund. 
 
 Burial. 
 
 Wife. 
 
 Father or mother. 
 
 Child aged 6 months. 
 
 Child aged over 6 months. 
 
 Member. 
 
 More than one account 
 parent. 
 
 Benefit allowance. 
 
 Benefit period. 
 
 Free medical service. 
 
 Retirement and 
 reinstatement after 
 payments made. 
 
 Reserve Fund of $3,000 is provided for, and is kept intact 
 by levying, when necessary, a per capita assessment of $1.00 
 on every member of the Association. 
 
 Allowances for burial expenses are provided as follows: 
 
 a. — At death of member's wife, member is paid $100. 
 
 b. — At death of member's father or mother, if member 
 be unmarried or a widower without children, and 
 has been contributing to support of the parent up 
 to time of latter's decease, and provided said parent 
 was not a member of the corporation, member 
 is paid $50. 
 
 c. — At death of member's child under age of 6 months, 
 member is paid $25. 
 
 d. — At death of member's child between ages of 6 
 months and 15 years, member is paid 
 
 e. — At death of member of corporation in good and 
 regular standing, his immediate family or next of 
 kin will be allowed for burial expenses $200. 
 
 /. — Where there is more than one member contrib- 
 uting to support of parents, only one payment of 
 is allowed at decease of each parent. 
 
 Members entitled to receive an indemnity of $1.00 a day 
 during an illness or injury of at least six consecutive days' 
 duration, incapacitating for performance of regular duties. 
 
 No member will receive more than 12 weeks' relief allow- 
 ance for incapacitation growing out of the same illness or 
 injury; nor will any member receive more than 12 weeks' 
 relief, consecutive or otherwise, within a period of 12 months. 
 
 Members are entitled to free service of corporation 
 physicians. 
 
 Member who retires from corporation after having 
 received 12 weeks' relief allowance is required to pay a 
 penalty of $12.00, in addition to complying with other 
 provisions of the by-laws, before being reinstated. 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 327 
 
 American Express Company. 
 
 Mileage. 
 
 Number employes. 
 
 General. 
 
 American Express Company. 
 
 Mileage operated, 43,960 miles. 
 
 Number of employes, 16,800. 
 
 The Company conducts no regular insurance or relief 
 organization on behalf of its employes, but contributes to 
 and acts as treasurer of the Expressmen's Mutual Benefit 
 Association, the characteristics of which are herein pre- 
 sented (vide supra, Adams Express Company). 
 
 Pacific Express Company. 
 
 Mileage. 
 
 Number employes. 
 
 Employes joint with 
 other companies. 
 
 Pacific Express Company. 
 
 Mileage operated, 20,729 miles. 
 
 Number of employes, 4,681. 
 
 The Company does not conduct insurance or relief 
 organization on account of its employes. This is so for the 
 reason that its messengers are nearly all joint employes 
 with railroad companies, while all the local office agents, 
 with the exception of 143, are joint with railroad companies 
 or other express companies, and many of the local office 
 employes are also joint with other companies. This joint 
 relationship enables the employes to participate in the 
 insurance and relief benefits extended by the railroad 
 companies or through and in connection with other express 
 companies. 
 
 Southern Express Company. Southern Express Company. 
 Mileage. Mileage operated, 31,000 miles. 
 
 Number employes. Number of employes, about 6,400. 
 
 Expressmen's Aid Society. 
 
 Expressmen's Aid Society. 
 
 The Company does not conduct insurance or relief 
 organization on behalf of its employes, but under its auspices, 
 in conjunction with some other express companies, there 
 was effected the organization known as the ' ' Expressmen's 
 Aid Society," hereinbefore outlined (vide supra, Adams 
 
328 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Compulsory membership. 
 
 Express Company) ; and each and every employe of the 
 Company receiving a salary of $50 per month or over is 
 required, unless good and satisfactory reasons can be shown 
 to the contrary, to make application for membership therein. 
 At the present time the active membership of the Aid 
 Society consists almost entirely of employes of the Southern 
 Express Company. 
 
 Special Company aid to 
 its own employe-members. 
 
 In addition to the regular provisions of the Society for 
 levying and collecting assessments on its membership, the 
 Southern Express Company makes distinctive Company 
 provision for its employes members of the Society, where 
 they have attained the age of 46 years, by paying the pro- 
 portion of the assessment rate in excess of the prescribed 
 rate for that age. This, as will be perceived by reference 
 to the assessment schedule for the Society already presented 
 herein (vide supra, Adams Express Company), represents 
 between, 
 
 Ages 46 years and under 51, with assessment of $2.00 
 
 And ages 65 years and over, with assessment of 4.50 
 
 Or, say $2.50 
 
 It will thus be evident that, although the Express Com- 
 pany does not conduct a distinctive relief or insurance 
 undertaking for its employes, its immediate and substantial 
 identification with the Aid Society gives it practical status 
 in that direction, and has gone a long way toward securing 
 and maintaining the effectiveness of the organization in 
 question. 
 
 United States Express 
 Company. 
 
 Mileage. 
 
 Number employes. 
 
 Local societies. 
 
 United States Express Company. 
 
 Mileage operated, July 1, 1904, 28,000 miles. 
 
 Number of employes, approximately, 10,000. 
 
 While the Express Company does not conduct insurance 
 or relief organization on account of its employes, it is 
 interested in various benefit associations, operated along 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 329 
 
 similar lines with those obtaining with like societies eon- 
 ducted in connection with the Adams Express Company, 
 (vide p. 318, "Adams Express Company Employes' Benevo- 
 lent Association of New York City"), in and local to 
 the larger cities being the termini of the railroads over 
 which the Express Company operates. Among these local 
 organizations are the following, namely: 
 
 New York City, etc. 
 
 United States Express Company Employes' Benev- 
 olent Association, of New York City, 
 Jersey City, Communipaw, 
 and hoboken. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Association inaugurated March 1, 1884. 
 
 Dues. 
 
 Dues 25 cents per month. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Benefits are as follows : 
 
 a. — At death of a member, his family or next of kin 
 
 receive $100. 
 b. — At death of member's wife, member receives $50. 
 c. — At death of member's child, under 15 years of age, 
 
 member receives $25. 
 d. — At death of father or mother of unmarried member, 
 
 whose support he was, member receives $50. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Receipts during 1903, $845.40. 
 
 Disbursements. 
 
 Disbursements during 1903, $737.87. 
 
 Balance. 
 
 Balance on hand at close of 1903, $1,625.56. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Membership at end of 1903, 300. 
 
330 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 United States Express Company Employes' Mutual 
 Relief Association, of Philadelphia, Pa. 
 
 Association inaugurated April 14, 1901. 
 
 Relief Committee. 
 
 Relief Committee, consisting of three members, ap- 
 pointed by president at each monthly meeting, whose 
 duty it is to act on all applications for relief and payment 
 of benefits. 
 
 Dues. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Dues, 50 cents per month. 
 
 Benefits : 
 
 a. — Disability from sickness or accident entitles mem- 
 ber to allowance of $5.00 per week, payable weekly ; 
 no benefits being allowed for less than one week's 
 illness or for a longer period than ten (10) weeks 
 in any one year; and to be entitled to sick benefits 
 contributions must have been made for a period of 
 three (3) months. 
 
 b. — At death of a member, his widow or nearest relation 
 receives 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 In event of treasury deficit, each member is assessed a 
 pro rata amount sufficient to make up the shortage. 
 
 Surplus funds. 
 
 The unexpended funds in the treasury at the end of the 
 year are divided among the members in proportion to the 
 amount of dues paid by each during that year, after deduct- 
 ing $1.00 from each member's share; such deduction repre- 
 senting Society capital for commencing business the next 
 ensuing: vear. 
 
 Admission age. 
 
 Minimum membership age, 18 years. 
 
 Initiation fee. 
 
 Initiation fee, $1.00. 
 
 Out-membership. 
 
 Member leaving employ of Express Company may con- 
 tinue his membership until end of year, when same ceases. 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 331 
 
 Benefits from surplus 
 distribution. 
 
 Co-operative movement. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursement. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Chicago. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Dues and assessments. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Reserve Fund. 
 
 On account of a great number of employes being transient, 
 it was decided the organization should not accumu- 
 late any surplus, but that the amount remaining in the 
 treasury at the close of each year should be divided equally 
 among the members. As a result of this, the protection 
 afforded has cost the membership nothing whatever, while 
 quite a little dividend has been declared. In the majority 
 of cases this surplus has been diverted to the payment of 
 "industrial" insurance held by members. 
 
 During the year 1903-1904 $125 was appropriated toward 
 the purchase of a store, with the view to promotion of a 
 co-operative movement among the membership; the effort 
 was, however, unsuccessful, notwithstanding which each 
 member realized the amount of the premiums in Association 
 under dividend payments. 
 
 Receipts since institution, $2,103.25. 
 
 Disbursements since institution, $792.53. 
 
 Membership, 98. 
 
 Chicago Expressmen's Relief Association. 
 
 Inaugurated in 1891. 
 
 Dues and assessments: 
 
 Regular dues are 50 cents per month and collection of 
 25 cents upon the death of a member. 
 
 Benefits : 
 
 a. — Disability from sickness or accident entitles mem- 
 ber to allowance of $3.00 for first week and $7.00 
 per week thereafter, during disability, for a period 
 not exceeding 26 weeks. 
 b. — At death of a member, $100 is disbursed in defrayal 
 of funeral expenses. 
 
 Sick Fund reserve of $250 is provided for, being kept 
 intact by special collection, when necessary, of not less than 
 25 cents nor more than 50 cents from each member. 
 
332 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Age limits. 
 Out- membership. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursement. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Membership ages: minimum, 18, and maximum, 50 years. 
 
 Member leaving employ of either the United States, the 
 Pacific, or the Western Express Company, may retain his 
 membership in the Association, with benefit rights, by con- 
 tinuing to conform to regulations. 
 
 Receipts during 1903, $4,687.25. 
 
 Disbursements during 1903, $4,164.70. 
 
 Number of members about 600, consisting of em- 
 ployes of the United States and the Pacific Express 
 Companies. 
 
 St. Paul. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Objects. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Officers. 
 
 Entrance fee. 
 
 Dues. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Northwestern Expressmen's Mutual Benefit 
 Association, of St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 Organized in January, 1901, at St. Paul, Minn. 
 
 This is a purely mutual association, whose object is to 
 provide weekly allowance in case of sickness or accident, 
 and designated payment for defrayal of funeral expenses in 
 event of death. 
 
 All salaried and exclusive employes of any express com- 
 pany, in good health, are eligible for membership. 
 
 Officers are: President, Secretary-Treasurer, and a Board 
 of Directors consisting of 15 members. 
 
 Initiation fee, $1.00. 
 Dues, 50 cents per month. 
 
 Benefits : 
 
 a. — Disability from accident or sickness entitles mem- 
 ber to allowance of $7.00 per week. No member 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 333 
 
 shall receive benefits for less than four days, but, if 
 disability so long continues, is entitled to receive 
 benefits for a period not exceeding 26 weeks in any 
 one year. 
 
 b. — At death of a member, $100 is disbursed for funeral 
 expenses. 
 
 c. — At death of member's wife, $50 is disbursed for 
 funeral expenses. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Where death fund moneys are insufficient to meet 
 benefit demands, an extra assessment is levied to meet 
 the deficiencv. 
 
 Out-membership. 
 
 Member leaving employ of any express company may 
 retain membership by continuance of Association payments 
 excepting when employed as fireman, brakeman, switching 
 or coupling cars, mining, car checking, selling or handling 
 of liquors, wholesale or retail. 
 
 Claims paid. 
 
 Claims amounting to $632 were paid during the year 1903. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Number of members at end of 1903 was 400. 
 
 Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Railway Expressmen's Benevolent Association, 
 of Milwaukee, Wis. 
 
 Organized April 1, 1903. 
 
 Dues. 
 
 Dues, 50 cents per month. 
 
 Assessments, 50 cents at death of each member. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Benefits : 
 
 a. — Disability, after one month's membership, entitles 
 member to allowance of $3.00 for first week, and 
 $7.00 per week thereafter for a period not ex- 
 ceeding 15 weeks. 
 b. — At death of a member, $75 is disbursed for defrayal 
 of funeral expenses. 
 
334 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Number members. 
 Outside membership. 
 
 Pittsburgh, Pa. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Dues. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Reserve Fund. 
 Out-membership. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursement. 
 Balance. 
 
 Number members. 
 Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Dues. 
 
 Number of members at end of 1903 was 63. 
 
 Membership may be retained, after leaving service of 
 Express Company, by payment of dues, etc. 
 
 Expressmen's Relief Association, of Pittsburgh, Pa, 
 
 Organized February 1, 1899. 
 
 Dues and assessments: 
 
 Regular dues, 50 cents per month and 25 cents upon 
 death of a member. 
 
 Benefits : 
 
 a. — For disability, allowance is $2.00 for first seven days 
 and $1.00 per day for the next 175 days, and should 
 disability longer continue such further allowance 
 as may be determined by the Association. 
 
 b. — At death of member, proper beneficiary is paid 
 $100. 
 
 Reserve Fund of $250 is provided for, being kept intact by 
 special assessments, when necessary, of 25 cents per member. 
 
 Membership may be retained after leaving employ of 
 Express Company by keeping up dues. 
 
 Receipts during year ending January 31,1904, amounted 
 
 to $2,222.27. 
 
 Disbursements during same period aggregated $1,389.25. 
 
 Balance on hand January 31, 1904, $1,118.58. 
 
 Membership January 31, 1904, 377. 
 
 United States Express Company's Employes' Mutual 
 Benefit Association, of Cincinnati, Ohio. 
 
 Organized July 31, 1890. 
 
 Dues, 50 cents per month. 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 335 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Receipts. 
 Disbursement. 
 Number members. 
 Outside membership. 
 
 Wells Fargo & Company. 
 Mileage. 
 
 Number employes. 
 General comment. 
 
 Benefits : 
 a. — For disability, after one month's membership, 
 allowance of $7.00 per week for not more than 14 
 weeks, and $3.00 per week for another period of 
 14 weeks thereafter. 
 
 b. — At death of a member, surviving members are each 
 assessed $1.00, and the amount so collected paid 
 to his widow or heirs. 
 
 Receipts from July 1, 1903, to July 1, 1904, $470. 
 Disbursements from July 1, 1903, to July 1, 1904, $287.60. 
 Membership, 79. 
 
 Membership may be retained after leaving service of 
 Express Company, by payment of dues, etc. 
 
 Wells Fargo & Company. 
 
 This Company operates an express service over 40,454 
 miles of railroad throughout the United States of America 
 and the Republic of Mexico. 
 
 Number of employes, 9,714. 
 
 The Company does not provide or conduct insurance or 
 relief organizations for its employes, but, like many of the 
 other express companies, takes an interest in the Express- 
 men's Mutual Benefit Association, and aids in many ways 
 in the general conduct of its affairs. For a better under- 
 standing of this organization and its scope, see general 
 presentation in connection with insurance undertakings 
 with which the Adams Express Company is identified, 
 (vide supra). 
 
 Canada. Canada. 
 
 Canadian Expreas Company. Canadian Express Company. 
 
 Mileage - Mileage operated, 6,880 miles. 
 
 Number employes. Number of employes, 1,476. 
 
336 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Membership. 
 
 Entrance fee. 
 
 Dues. 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Dues while sick. 
 
 Termination of 
 membership. 
 
 Suspensions. 
 
 Deficits. 
 
 Receipts. 
 
 Disbursement. 
 Balance. 
 Number members. 
 
 Canadian Expressmen's Mutual Benefit 
 Association. 
 
 Instituted in June, 1890. 
 
 All persons employed by Canadian Express Company 
 directly are eligible for membership if in good health. 
 
 Initiation fee, 50 cents. 
 
 Regular monthly assessment, 35 cents. 
 
 Benefits : 
 
 In event of disability, after three months' membership, 
 from sickness or accident, allowance of $5.00 per week is 
 paid ; no member, however, to receive benefits aggregat- 
 ing more than $50 during the space of one year, and any 
 member, after receiving the full amount allowed, is not 
 again entitled to benefits until three months have elapsed. 
 
 Members are not exempt from paying assessments during 
 continuance of sickness. 
 
 Membership ceases with termination of employment by 
 the Express Company. 
 
 In case of suspension by Express Company, members are 
 entitled to membership and benefits for two months only from 
 date of such suspension. 
 
 When ordinary assessments are insufficient to meet 
 liabilities, extra assessments are levied for the purpose. 
 
 Receipts during year ending October 31, 1903, amounted 
 to $1,866.35. 
 
 Disbursements during same period aggregated $1,403.30. 
 
 Balance on hand November 1, 1903, $1,000.77. 
 
 Membership, 491. 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 337 
 
 Dominion Express 
 Company. 
 
 Mileage. 
 
 Number employes. 
 Attitude of Company. 
 
 Employes' associations. 
 
 Dues. 
 Benefits. 
 
 Recapitulation of mileage 
 and employes. 
 
 Dominion Express Company. 
 
 Mileage operated, 11,095 miles, including railway and 
 stage and steamboat — not including ocean routes. 
 
 Number of employes, 1,777. 
 
 The Express Company does not conduct insurance or 
 relief organizations in behalf of its employes. 
 
 The employes conduct two sick benefit associations, the 
 characteristics of which correspond with those above an- 
 nounced for the Canadian Expressmen's Mutual Benefit 
 Association. 
 
 Dues in both associations, 50 cents per month. 
 
 Benefits : 
 
 One association pays $7.00 and the other $6.00 per week 
 in event of sickness. 
 
 Both organizations pay funeral benefit of $50 on death 
 of member. 
 
 Recapitulation. 
 
 Following table exhibits the relative standing, from 
 standpoint of mileage operated and number of employes, 
 of the several express companies from which replies were 
 received in this relation : 
 
 Country and Express Company 
 
 Mileage 
 Operated 
 
 NO. OF 
 
 Employes 
 
 United States. 
 Adams Express Company 
 
 34,360 
 43,960 
 20,729 
 31,000 
 28,000 
 40,454 
 
 14,979 
 
 American Express Company 
 
 16,800 
 
 Pacific Express Company 
 
 4,681 
 
 Southern Express Company 
 
 6,400 
 
 United States Express Company. 
 
 10,000 
 
 Wells Fargo & Company 
 
 9,714 
 
 
 
 Total, United States.... 
 
 198,503 
 
 62,574 
 
 
 
 Canada. 
 Canadian Express Company 
 
 6,880 
 11,095 
 
 1,476 
 
 Dominion Express Company 
 
 1,777 
 
 
 
 Total, Canada. 
 
 17,975 
 
 3,253 
 
 
 
 Grand total. 
 
 216,478 
 
 65,827 
 
 
 
338 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Adams Express Company. 
 
 General plan. 
 
 b. — Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 Adams Express Company. 
 
 (Mileage operated, 34,360 miles; 14,979 employes.) 
 
 The Company has no defined pension system. Each 
 individual case is considered on its merits, including age, 
 length of service, rate of compensation, and physical 
 condition. 
 
 Obstacles to defined plan. 
 
 Owing to the extended territory over which the Company 
 operates, and the varying conditions in widely separated 
 sections, it has been found difficult to lay down any set rules 
 that will satisfactorily meet all requirements. 
 
 American Express Company. American Express Company. 
 
 (Mileage operated, 43,960 miles; 16,800 employes.) 
 
 Company conducts a pension system for its employes, 
 inauguration. Inaugurated during the year 1875. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Object of the organization is to retire from service, with 
 pension allowance, employes 60 years of age and over who 
 have been in continuous service of the Company 20 years 
 or more, and are permanently incapacitated for further 
 performance of duties. 
 
 Basis of allowance. 
 
 Pensions are granted by the Executive Committee of the 
 Board of Directors upon the recommendation of the General 
 Manager, no pension officials being appointed for that 
 special duty alone. 
 
 No special fund. 
 
 No fund has been created by the Company for the pay- 
 ment of pensions, such allowance being treated the same 
 as any other Company disbursement, and charged to Pension 
 Account, just as rent is charged to Rent Account. 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 339 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Company assumes the entire financing of the plan, the 
 employes making no contribution. 
 
 Eligibles. 
 
 Plan embraces the entire system, and is not restricted 
 to any branch of the service. 
 
 Retirement. 
 
 Retirements are involuntary. 
 
 Age limits. 
 
 No maximum age limit for entrance to Company's service ; 
 young men are, however, preferred. 
 
 Pension allowances. 
 
 Minimum allowance, half pay based on average pay for 
 preceding 10 years; maximum allowance, $500 per year. 
 
 Outside employment. Pensioners are allowed to engage in other business, but 
 
 are subject to call when needed by the Company, if they 
 are able to perform any duty, but are not eligible to 
 permanent or temporary employment in Company's 
 service. 
 
 Number of pensioners. 
 
 Number of pensioners carried on rolls July 1, 1904, was 
 160, of which 25 per centum were messengers, remaining 
 75 per centum being equally distributed between officials, 
 clerks, drivers, and stablemen. 
 
 Average pay in service. 
 
 Average pay received during service by employes in each 
 of the various classes of employment is $62.50 per month. 
 
 Average period of pension Average period of enjoyment of pension allowance is 5 
 
 years, 6 months ; that is, that period of time elapses between 
 date of allowing pension and date of decease of beneficiary. 
 
 Deaths. 
 
 Number of deaths among pensioners since inauguration 
 of the system, 150. 
 
340 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Southern Express Company. Southern Express Company. 
 
 (Mileage operated, 31,000 miles; 6,400 employes.) 
 
 General plan. 
 
 The Company conducts no regularly defined pension 
 system, each individual case being considered on its merits, 
 and the general conditions corresponding with those 
 announced herein for the Adams Express Company, vide 
 supra. 
 
 System under 
 consideration. 
 
 The matter is having careful consideration, with the 
 view to reaching such solution of the existing problem as 
 will enable the establishment of a pensioning system that 
 will meet acceptably the requirements of all branches of the 
 service. 
 
 Wells Fargo & Company. 
 
 Wells Fargo & Company. 
 
 (Mileage operated, 40,454 miles; 9,714 employes.) 
 
 Inauguration. 
 Features. 
 
 Pension system established in 1903. 
 
 Plan is invested with practically the same features and 
 characteristics as those obtaining with the railroads of the 
 country (vide supra). 
 
 Management. 
 
 Administration of Pension Department is in charge of a 
 Board of Pensions, consisting of the managers of the Atlantic, 
 Central, and Pacific Departments, the General Auditor, 
 and the Cashier of the Bank at San Francisco, California. 
 
 Operation of system. 
 
 Benefits of the system apply only to those who have been 
 required to give their entire time to Wells Fargo & Com- 
 pany, or to that Company and some other express com- 
 pany jointly where Wells Fargo & Company control; and 
 in the latter case the Board of Pension decides the amount 
 of the employe's monthly pay to be used in determining 
 pension allowance. 
 
Retirement age. 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 341 
 
 Compulsory retirement at age 70, with 25 years' service, 
 with the provision that if Board of Pensions shall decide 
 that any such officer or employe is able to and does fully 
 discharge the duties of his position, it may retain him in 
 active employment — but any such employe is permitted 
 to retire at his own request. 
 
 Voluntary retirement, for incapacitation, between 60 and 
 70 years of age, with 25 years' service. 
 
 Suspension, etc. 
 
 Leave of absence, suspension, dismissal followed by 
 reinstatement (within one year), or temporary lay-off 
 account of reduction of force, not to be considered as a 
 break in continuity of service. 
 
 Allowance basis. 
 
 Computation of service and authorization of allowances 
 on same basis as with the railroad companies (vide supra). 
 
 Change in allowances. 
 
 Provision is made in regulations for change in amount 
 or basis of pension allowances, when necessary. 
 
 Service age limits. 
 
 Age limits for new employes under regulations provide 
 that no person inexperienced in express or banking busi- 
 ness over 35, and no person so experienced over 45 years 
 of age, will be taken into the service. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Plan is financed and controlled absolutely by the Com- 
 pany, the employes making no contributions in connection 
 therewith. 
 
 Basis of computation. Amount of pension depends upon two conditions, namely, 
 
 the number of years the person has been in the service 
 and amount of average regular monthly pay for the 10 years 
 next preceding retirement. 
 
342 
 
 Express Companies. 
 
 Canada. 
 
 c. — Superannuation Provision. 
 Canada. 
 
 Dominion Express 
 Company. 
 
 Dominion Express Company. 
 
 (Mileage operated, 11,095 miles; 1,777 employes.) 
 
 Plan under way. 
 
 This Company reports that it is now working on a 
 superannuation system for its employes. Work has not 
 progressed far enough to justify announcement of details 
 at this time. 
 
 General comment. 
 
 United States. 
 
 g. — Young Men's Christian Association Branches. 
 
 The several express companies contribute, as a rule, to 
 Railroad Departments of the Young Men's Christian Associa- 
 tion located on lines over which they operate, and their 
 employes are largely represented in the membership of these 
 branches. 
 
 The following express companies canvassed by the 
 Reporter made specific replies in this relation: 
 
 Adams Express Company. Adams Express Company. 
 
 (Mileage operated, 34,360 miles; 14,979 employes.) 
 
 Company attitude. Company makes contributions, from time to time, to 
 
 railroad branches of the Association, and its employes are 
 represented in the membership of these branches. 
 
 American Express 
 Company. 
 
 American Express Company. 
 
 (Mileage operated, 43,960 miles; 16,800 employes.) 
 
 Company attitude. Occupies the same position toward the Association as 
 
 recited herein for the Adams Express Company, vide supra. 
 
Express Companies. 
 
 343 
 
 Wells Fargo & Company. 
 
 Company attitude. 
 
 Wells Fargo & Company. 
 
 (Mileage operated, 40,454 miles; 9,714 employes.) 
 
 The Company aids its employes who desire to become 
 members of the Young Men's Christian Association by pay- 
 ing one-half the membership fee. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Adams Express Company. 
 
 Reading accommodation. 
 
 h. — Libraries and Reading-Rooms. 
 United States. 
 
 Adams Express Company. 
 
 (Mileage operated, 34,360 miles; 14,979 employes.) 
 
 The Company has no established libraries, but affords 
 ample accommodations for reading in connection with its 
 sleeping apartments provided at offices in the larger cities. 
 
 Wells Fargo & Company. 
 
 Libraries. 
 
 List of libraries. 
 
 Wells Fargo & Company. 
 
 (Miles operated, 40,454 miles; 9,714 employes). 
 
 The Company has libraries at the following points in 
 the United States and the Republic of Mexico, with member- 
 ship and number of books as indicated: 
 
 Location 
 
 Date 
 Organized 
 
 No. OF No. OF 
 
 Members Volumes 
 ! 
 
 San Francisco, Cal. 
 
 August 1890 
 October__..1897 
 January.... 1898 
 January..._1901 
 August 1899 
 
 740 
 646 
 279 
 714 
 
 5,300 
 
 New York City, N. Y 
 
 3,712 
 
 Chicago, 111 
 
 2,796 
 
 Kansas City, Mo 
 
 2,715 
 
 City of Mexico, Mex 
 
 1,000 
 
 
 
 TotaL 
 
 
 2,379 
 
 15,523 
 
 
 
 Terminal Reference 
 Libraries. 
 
 The Company also provides what are known as "Terminal 
 Reference Libraries," located at 22 points throughout the 
 territory traversed by its service, and at which the routes 
 of express messengers terminate, for the especial use of such 
 employes. 
 
Q. — Railway Mail Service. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Railway Mail Service. 
 
 This represents one of the most important branches of 
 the Government Post-office Department. 
 
 Route statistics. 
 
 2,935 railroad routes, with total length of 192,852 miles, 
 and an annual travel aggregating 333,491,684 miles. 
 
 Classification of service. 
 
 The service is thus classified: 
 a. — Pouch service. 
 
 b. — Apartment or compartment service. 
 c. — Railway post-office service. 
 
 Traveling post-offices. 
 
 Railway Post-Office Service. 
 
 This is the branch of the service which will be particu- 
 larly discussed herein. The entire car (or, as it is com- 
 monly termed, traveling post-office) is devoted to mail 
 service, in charge of one or more mail clerks. These clerks 
 practically pass their lives on the rail, and such provision 
 as may be in force looking to their care and the assistance 
 of their families, in the event of sickness, accident, old age, 
 or death, during or arising from their connection with the 
 service, is properly a subject for investigation and report. 
 
 Number clerks. 
 
 Number of clerks in the service June 30, 1903, was 
 10,555. 
 
 Number cars. 
 
 Number of railway postal cars and apartments in use 
 and in reserve was 4,039. 
 (345) 
 
346 Railway Mail Service. 
 
 DEPARTMENTAL MEASURES. 
 
 measures. 
 
 Post-office Department ]? or a number of years past the Postmaster-General of 
 
 each administration has strongly recommended to Congress 
 the adoption of relief and superannuation measures for 
 railway post-office clerks. 
 
 CONGRESSIONAL ACTION. 
 
 Congressional action. a — Provision for absence on account of disability 
 
 incurred in service: 
 
 Whenever a railway postal clerk shall be disabled 
 in the actual discharge of his duties by a railroad 
 or other accident beyond his power to control, 
 the Postmaster-General may, in his judgment, 
 the facts justifying such action, grant such dis- 
 abled clerk leave of absence with pay for periods 
 of not exceeding 60 days each, and not exceeding 
 one (1) year in all. 
 
 b. — Provision through Post-office Appropriation Bill: 
 
 Since the passage of the Act of April 21, 1902, 
 there is paid to the proper legal beneficiary of 
 postal clerks killed in the line of duty the sum 
 of $1,000. 
 
 PURELY EMPLOYES' ACTION. 
 United states Railway There will be next presented the chief characteristics of 
 
 Mail Service Mutual . . 
 
 Benefit Association. the fraternal associations promoted, conducted, and main- 
 
 tained wholly by employes identified with the Railway 
 Mail Service, viz.: 
 
 UNITED STATES RAILWAY MAIL SERVICE MUTUAL BENEFIT 
 ASSOCIATION. 
 
 inauguration. Organized in 1874, and incorporated under law of State of 
 
 Illinois November 17, 1880. 
 
Railway Mail Service. 
 
 347 
 
 Object. 
 
 Participants. 
 
 Age. 
 
 Membership classification. 
 
 Object is to provide pecuniary relief to the widows, 
 orphans, and other beneficiaries of deceased members. 
 
 Only railway postal clerks and others connected with 
 the railway branch of the mail service, post-office inspectors, 
 and superintendents of mails are eligible to membership. 
 All members must pass a satisfactory medical examination. 
 
 Maximum age for admission to membership is 40 years. 
 
 Membership at the present time is divided into two 
 classes, membership in which is governed by age, those 
 under 30 years of age being admitted to Class "A," and 
 over 30 to Class "B." 
 
 Assessments by classes. 
 
 Other receipts. 
 
 Contributions are as follows : 
 
 Class "A" _ $1.50 per assessment. 
 
 Class "B" $2.00 per assessment. 
 
 Other Association receipts consist of : 
 
 Membership fee $ 1 .50 
 
 Annual dues. 1 .50 
 
 Benefits. 
 
 Benefits. — On the death of a member there is paid to his 
 beneficiaries from the Benefit Fund the sum of $2,000, 
 within 60 days after satisfactory proofs of death have been 
 received. 
 
 Two funds. 
 
 Two funds, viz.: 
 
 Expense Fund. 
 
 EXPENSE FUND. 
 
 Derived from annual dues and fees received from new 
 members and for change in beneficiaries. The fund thus 
 received provides for all salaries of officers and all other 
 expenses of management, and also provides for local secre- 
 taries located at all important Railway Mail Service centres, 
 where members may pay their assessments conveniently 
 and without extra cost. 
 
348 
 
 Railway Mail Service. 
 
 BENEFIT FUND. 
 
 Benefit Fund. Derived from moneys received from assessments and 
 
 the interest therefrom. Used for no other purpose than 
 the payment of death benefits. 
 
 Disposition of Benefit Fund. This fund is deposited in designated banks or trust com- 
 panies, and the Executive Committee may invest not 
 exceeding 60 per centum of the fund in registered United 
 States Government bonds; provided, also, that $10,000 
 shall be invested in Government bonds annually, the 
 interest accruing on such money and bonds to be incidental 
 and accrue to the fund. 
 
 Expense Fund surplus. 
 
 Minimum of Benefit Fund. 
 
 Balance. 
 
 Disbursement. 
 
 Number members. 
 
 Nature. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 At the end of the business year, if more than $500 is in 
 the treasury to credit of Expense Fund, the surplus over 
 $500 is transferred to the Benefit Fund. 
 
 Statutory enactment of State of Illinois requires that the 
 Benefit Fund be kept at one-half of one (1) per centum of 
 total Association liability; the Association, however, keeps 
 the amount equal to one and one-half (1£) per centum of 
 such total liability. 
 
 Balance in Benefit or Reserve Fund July 1, 1904, 
 $100,968.87. 
 
 Disbursements to beneficiaries since inauguration, over 
 $950,000. 
 
 Membership July 1, 1904, 4,969. 
 
 National Association of Railway Postal Clerks. 
 
 Fraternal beneficiary association. 
 
 Aims to provide closer social relationship among railway 
 postal clerks ; to enable them to perfect any movement that 
 may be for their benefit as a class or for the benefit of the 
 Railway Mail Service ; to furnish relief for its members and 
 their beneficiaries and make provision for the payment of 
 benefits to them in case of death, sickness, temporary or 
 
Railway Mail Service. 349 
 
 permanent physical disability either as a result of disease, 
 accident, or old age. 
 
 Any regular employe of the Railway Mail Service or any 
 ex-railway postal clerk employed in any classified post- 
 office is eligible to membership. 
 
 Annual dues of $1.00 for executive purposes. 
 
 Executive Committee authorized to levy extra pro rata 
 assessment for emergency purposes. 
 
 BENEFICIARY DEPARTMENT. 
 
 Income consists of: 
 
 a. — Annual dues, $1.00 per year. 
 
 b— Certificate fee, $2.00. 
 
 c. — Fee for change of beneficiary, 50 cents. 
 
 Benefit Fund maintained as nearly as possible at one- 
 fourth of one (1) per centum of the total contingent death 
 liability; and until it does reach this status at least one 
 assessment each two months may be levied. 
 
 Benefit allowances : 
 
 Indemnity 
 Nature of Incapacitation. Allowance. 
 
 a. — Loss of an arm or leg $1,000 
 
 b. — Loss of both arms or both legs, or one arm and one leg 3,000 
 
 c. — Loss of either eye 1,000 
 
 d. — Loss of both eyes. 3,000 
 
 e. — Death from accident 3,000 
 
 /. — Temporary incapacitation, account of injury, $15 per week 
 
 for not exceeding 52 weeks. 
 
 Membership as of February 1, 1903, approximated 7,000. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Executive dues. 
 Extra levy. 
 
 Income of Benefit Fund. 
 
 Benefit Fund basis. 
 
 Benefit allowances. 
 
 Number members. 
 
R. — Welfare Work. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Scope of Welfare Work. 
 
 There is in vogue throughout the United States, and 
 comprising in its operations all lines of industrial under- 
 taking, express companies, street-car companies, etc., what 
 is denominated "Welfare Work," which is generally defined 
 as comprehending the following: 
 
 a. — Special consideration for physical comfort wherever 
 
 labor is performed. 
 b. — Opportunity for recreation. 
 c. — Educational advantages. 
 d. — Provision of suitable sanitary homes. 
 This work inevitably partakes of the characteristics of 
 the various provident undertakings conducted by many of 
 the American railways, although on not so extended or 
 varied a scale. 
 
 Characteristics. 
 
 The work is local to the industrial concern to which it 
 pertains, and its application thus becomes a separate 
 problem whose solution will for the most part rest upon the 
 intelligent, careful, and continued effort of those identified 
 with each undertaking. 
 
 Features outlined. 
 
 Some of the characteristics of Welfare Work, delevoped 
 by experience, are : 
 
 a. — Physical welfare: Including provisions for cleanli- 
 ness, pure drinking water, proper toilet rooms, 
 ventilation, light, separate lockers for outdoor 
 clothing, dressing rooms. 
 b. — Recreation: Including gymnasia, athletics, indoor 
 and outdoor, club houses with rooms for dancing, 
 entertaining, and for games. 
 c. — Homes: Including good drainage system, supply 
 of pure water, good paving and curbing; system 
 for saving and lending money to enable employes 
 to own attractive homes. 
 (351) 
 
352 
 
 Welfare Work. 
 
 d. — Insurance societies. 
 e. — Pension systems. 
 
 Pergonal contact. 
 
 The success of these undertakings depends, it is claimed, 
 upon adequate mutuality of endeavor between employer and 
 employes, and this involves more or less contact between 
 these two interests in the promotion and conduct of the 
 various movements set afoot. 
 
 Efforts of one industrial 
 concern. 
 
 A Philadelphia, Pa., 
 manufacturing company. 
 
 One large industrial plant provides the following features 
 for its employes: 
 
 a. — Casino, containing arrangements for: 
 a. — Dining and luncheon rooms, 
 b. — Lodging rooms, 
 c. — Bicycle rooms, 
 d. — Library. 
 b. — Two (2) beneficial associations organized and con- 
 ducted exclusively by employes. 
 c. — Annual dinner. 
 d. — An orchestra has been organized among the 
 
 employes. 
 e. — Merit and thrift are encouraged in the form of 
 additional compensation, according to merit, based 
 on periodic inspection. 
 /. — Savings bank. 
 
 g. — Loans on mortgage : To encourage the men to build 
 homes for themselves, the saving bank loans to 
 them, to a proper extent, on mortgage. 
 h. — Pension system: Pensions being granted on the 
 following age limits and terms of service, in con- 
 nection with old age or permanent incapacitation : 
 
 75 years of age, 25 years' continuous service. 
 65 years of age, 35 years' continuous service. 
 60 years of age, 40 years' continuous service. 
 
 Another instance: 
 
 A large stock company of Philadelphia, Pa., organized 
 to engage in the manufacture of hats of the finer grades, 
 has in successful operation among its upwards of twenty- 
 
Welfare Work. 353 
 
 five hundred employes, male and female, what is styled a 
 "labor system," which has for its objects: 
 
 a. — Accomplishment of work of the best quality possible. 
 b. — Accomplishment of work in quantity to meet the 
 
 demands of the business. 
 c. — Accomplishment of work at such cost that the 
 
 product will be profitable. 
 d. — Maintenance of working conditions as healthful 
 
 and agreeable as possible. 
 e. — Encouragement of personal interest on the part of 
 the individual employe in the business as a whole. 
 /. — Promotion of the general well-being of employes 
 through institutional establishments. 
 Apprenticeship. The working force is recruited almost entirely by means 
 
 of apprenticeship, its elasticity necessary to meet the de- 
 mands of the business being maintained by the extension 
 or restriction of the number of boys indentured. The 
 primary result of apprenticeship, it is claimed, is a high 
 order of skill in a special line of work. In addition, the 
 long period of service (the indenture covering a period of 
 at least three years when the boy is under 18 years of age ( 
 until majority) tends to create a feeling of personal interest 
 on the part of the employe in the interests of the Company. 
 The system is thus calculated to produce a permanence and 
 solidarity of interest otherwise difficult of attainment. 
 Specific plans. Certain plans are adopted by the Company from time to 
 
 time in furtherance of the "system," those now in vogue 
 including the following, viz.: 
 
 a. — Prizes for apprentices. These are made as rewards 
 
 of merit. 
 b. — Bonuses for faithful work. These are paid at 
 Christmas to the men who have worked continu- 
 ously and faithfully throughout the year. The 
 bonus is computed on basis of a percentage of the 
 employe's earnings during the year. 
 c. — Building association. Organized to encourage 
 thrift, to spread home influences, and to increase 
 the permanence- of the working force. 
 d. — Savings fund. Any employe is privileged to de- 
 posit to the extent of $10 per week. Fund now 
 has over 300 depositors. 
 
354 Welfare Work. 
 
 e. — Stock allotment. There was originally placed at 
 the disposal of the President of the Company, to 
 be allotted to employes, 5,000 shares of its increased 
 common stock of a par value of $500,000. This 
 stock is placed in the hands of trustees for the 
 benefit of the employes to whom allotted. No 
 payment is made by the employes. Shares are 
 to be paid for at par virtually by their own divi- 
 dends. At dividend periods an amount equal to 
 the dividend on the shares allotted, less 5 per 
 centum interest on the unpaid balance on the shares, 
 is paid to the trustees and applied by them to the 
 payment of the par value of the shares. Employe 
 at his option may draw annually from the divi- 
 dend not to exceed 5 per centum of the par value 
 of shares allotted to him. At end of 15 years, if 
 paid up, the shares are to be transferred abso- 
 lutely to the employe. If paid up before end of 
 that period, the entire dividends are to be paid 
 to employe until end of the period. 
 /. — Beneficial fund. Maintained by Company, by 
 monthly assessment not exceeding 25 cents on 
 each employe. Adult employes incapacitated for 
 work by illness or injury are paid $5.00 a week. 
 g. — Pensions. A system of pensions for aged or dis- 
 abled employes has been instituted. 
 h. — In addition to the foregoing a number of institu- 
 tions have been established of a more usual and 
 general nature: 
 
 a. — A mission organization, the plant providing 
 facilities for a Sunday-school, week-day meet- 
 ings, a musical society, and various organi- 
 zations, 
 b. — A free circulating library is operated in con- 
 nection with the Sunday-school. 
 c. — A hospital and dispensary is maintained. 
 Railways interested Railway officials, generally, throughout the country, are 
 
 interested in this work, and are giving it close observance 
 and study. 
 
Conclusion. 
 
 Provident era. 
 
 From what has been hereinbefore premised, it will be 
 perceived that the history of the railways concerned comes 
 well within the cycle of three-quarters of a century of time. 
 There was not a mile of steam railroad in the world at the 
 beginning of the nineteenth century. 
 
 Earliest road in 
 Great Britain. 
 
 The first public passenger railway in Great Britain was 
 the Liverpool & Manchester Railway, begun in 1826, and 
 opened for traffic in the summer of 1830. 
 
 First road in United States. 
 
 In the United States the first railway for general public 
 use was the Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, chartered in 1827, 
 on which construction was started in 1828, with 13 miles 
 opened for traffic in 1830. 
 
 Results of three-quarters 
 of a century. 
 
 It will thus be obvious that within the scriptural allot- 
 ment for the span of human life, three score years and ten, 
 the condition of the average railway employe has developed 
 from the stages of veriest drudgery and hardship, with 
 comparatively parsimonious wage allowance, up to an era, 
 as exemplified at the present day, of exceptional oppor- 
 tunity and progress, in which the average wage earner has 
 placed before him, on the most favorable terms, the very 
 best conceivable and available means for individual ad- 
 vancement to the highest planes of life. 
 
 Continued growth of 
 provident effort. 
 
 Disregarding the anthropological side of the question, as 
 well as its purely scientific aspects, and relying altogether 
 upon clearly demonstrable accomplishments, it may be 
 safely asserted that each succeeding decade of railway 
 operation has brought into widespread and substantial 
 being a stronger, healthier, and better altruistic sentiment 
 and condition among railway personnel in general, thereby 
 doing away with antiquated and inadequate methods. 
 (355) 
 
356 
 
 Conclusion. 
 
 Pennsylvania System ex- 
 penditure during 1903. 
 
 While statistical information furnished by the various 
 railways and associated interests for the several provident 
 undertakings encompassed by report was obviously charac- 
 terized by dissimilarity and lack of uniformity, the Reporter, 
 by reason of official relations sustained thereto, is enabled 
 and feels called upon to present, by way of general informa- 
 tion, a recapitulation of expenditure incurred and made 
 by the Lines of the Pennsylvania System East and West of 
 Pittsburgh, Pa., for provident movements hereinbefore de- 
 tailed, during the year ended December 31, 1903, aggre- 
 gating $943,618.23, as follows: 
 
 
 Lines East 
 
 Lines West 
 
 Relief Department 
 
 Pension Department 
 
 Hospital Service 
 
 $262,777.37 
 
 363,629.29 
 
 18,370.00 
 
 8,417.93 
 
 53,351.36 
 
 $91,614.09 
 
 130,381.81 
 
 2,197.50 
 
 Saving Fund... 
 
 Young Men's Christian Asso- 
 ciation Railway Branches 
 and Libraries and Reading- 
 Rooms 
 
 4,537.76 
 8,341.12 
 
 Total 
 
 $706,545.95 
 
 $237,072.28 
 
 Statistics. 
 
 The following figures will serve as a groundwork for study 
 and reflection on the extent to which railways have pro- 
 ceeded in the conduct of provident undertakings in the 
 United States and Great Britain. 
 
Conclusion. 
 
 357 
 
 Railway mileage 
 and employes. 
 
 Financing and 
 traffic volume. 
 
 At the close of the last fiscal year the railway mileage of 
 Great Britain was 22,380 miles and the number of railway 
 employes 575,000, while in the United States there were 
 205,000 miles of railway and 1,312,537 employes. 
 
 The subjoined table presents figures on railway capitali- 
 zation, earnings, and volume of traffic for the two countries 
 named for the year 1903 : 
 
 Mileage embraced by 
 reportorial investigation. 
 
 
 Great Britain 
 
 United States 
 
 Shares of capital stock 
 
 £981,681,000 
 
 $6,155,559,032 
 
 Funded debt 
 
 £390,224,000 
 
 $6,444,431,226 
 
 Gross earnings 
 
 £110,925,000 
 
 $1,900,846,907 
 
 Operating expenses 
 
 £68,579,000 
 
 $1,257,538,852 
 
 Net earnings 
 
 £42,346,000 
 
 $643,308,055 
 
 * Passengers carried 
 
 1,194,833,000 
 
 694,891,535 
 
 Freight tonnage carried, 
 
 
 
 tons.. 
 
 443,830,000 
 
 1,304,394,323 
 
 It may not be uninteresting to state that reportorial 
 investigation comprehended territory representing approxi- 
 mately 303,000 miles of railway, or about 62 per centum 
 of the entire railway mileage of the world, which is about 
 490,000 miles, based on 0.621 mile to the kilometer. Re- 
 portorial mileage in this relation is distributed territorially 
 as follows: 
 
 Country 
 
 United States 
 
 Canada 
 
 Mexico 
 
 Central America... 
 
 West Indies 
 
 Sandwich Islands. 
 United Kingdom.. 
 
 Asia 
 
 Africa 
 
 Australasia 
 
 Total. 
 
 205,000 
 
 18,000 
 
 9,500 
 
 800 
 
 2,000 
 
 200 
 
 22,000 
 
 25,000 
 
 5,000 
 
 15,000 
 
 303,000 
 
 * Item "Passengers carried, 1,194,833,000.'" for railways of Great Britain, does 
 not include 618,000 "holders of season or periodical tickets," which class of 
 travel is, however, included in corresponding figures given for the United States. 
 
ADDENDA 
 
ADDENDA. 
 
 Section 4 of the International Railway Congress held its meetings during the 
 seventh session of the Congress in Washington, D. C, May 3-13, 1905, in the Hotel 
 Raleigh, corner Twelfth Street and Pennsylvania Avenue, under the presidency 
 of M. Emile Heurteau, Director of the Paris & Orleans Railway Company, of 
 France (and member of the Permanent Commission of the Congress). Reportorial 
 results on the subject of "Provident Institutions" were laid before the Section 
 in the following paper, read on Wednesday, May 10, 1905, presenting a synopsis 
 of performance and conclusions, viz.: 
 
 REPORTORIAL REMARKS BEFORE SECTION 4, 
 INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY CONGRESS, 
 ON QUESTION XVI, "PROVIDENT INSTITUTIONS," 
 WEDNESDAY, MAY 10, 1905. 
 
 Mr. President and Gentlemen: 
 
 The subject for presentation is "Provident Institutions 
 (general principles of plans for the retirement and insurance 
 of railway employes and workmen) in Countries using the 
 English Language." 
 
 Nature of investigations. Investigations were pursued and report compiled from 
 
 the standpoint of the use of the term "Provident Insti- 
 tutions" in its widest application to provident endeavor 
 in connection with the railway service in English-speaking 
 countries. As announced in report, this course was taken 
 for the purpose of laying before the present session of the 
 International Railway Congress a compendium on all 
 salient factors generally conceded to be the main avenues 
 through and by which the railway companies are enabled to 
 get on closer and more intimate terms with their employes. 
 The aim has been to give facts concisely and clearly, based 
 on authoritative replies received from the railways and 
 other sources of information with which communication 
 (1) 
 
Addenda. 
 
 was had in relation thereto. A mere cursory glance at 
 the makeup of the report will show the great variety of 
 information comprehended on different provident under- 
 takings, and the different methods observed in the framing 
 of replies by the interested roads. 
 
 The report has been, however, devoted for the most part 
 to what may be styled the chief provident undertakings, 
 namely, "insurance and retirement" provision. 
 
 It has not been deemed necessary to make comment upon 
 the practices common to commercial insurance companies, 
 for these are pretty much the same in all countries, and 
 with which all are generally familiar. 
 
 Division of railway 
 insurance in U. S. 
 
 As will be noted, the subject of "insurance" in connection 
 with the railway service in the United States has been 
 divided into five different heads, namely: 
 
 a. — Life and Accident Insurance. 
 
 b. — Mutual Insurance. 
 
 c. — Endowment Insurance. 
 
 d. — Railway Relief Department. 
 
 e. — Employes' Relief Association. 
 
 This division was arbitrarily made, with the view of 
 conveniently and conspicuously emphasizing the points 
 of difference in the characteristics common to the various 
 forms of insurance undertakings conducted by or in con- 
 nection with the several railways. 
 
 Summary of report features. 
 
 Before entering upon direct comment upon the data 
 embraced by report to the Commission, your attention is 
 respectfully directed to an announcement of the various 
 provident institutions and measures treated therein. These 
 will be next stated in summarized form, and in the order 
 of their presentation in the report, namely: 
 
 a. — Insurance and Relief Provision. 
 b. — Pension or Retirement Provision. 
 c. — Superannuation Provision. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 d. — Hospital Service. 
 
 e. — Savings Funds. 
 
 /. — Co-operative Capital Stock Purchasing Plans. 
 
 g. — Young Men's Christian Association Railroad 
 Branches. 
 
 h. — Libraries and Reading Rooms. 
 
 i. — Literary Institutes. 
 
 j. — Loan Provision. 
 
 k. — Public or Private (Outside )Provision. 
 
 /. — Leave Allowance. 
 m. — Miscellaneous Provision (including minor provi- 
 dent effort, such as Rest Rooms, Dining 
 Clubs, etc.). 
 -Railroad Orders and Brotherhoods. 
 
 — Palace or Sleeping Car Companies. 
 — Express Companies. 
 — Railway Mail Service. 
 —Welfare Work. 
 
 importance of auxiliary While the real kevstone of the arch of provident insti- 
 
 undertakings. . . . 
 
 tutions is the composite made up of the provision made 
 and sustained at railway expense, for sick, injured, and 
 aged employes, and designated beneficiaries in the event 
 of their death, as comprehended in respectively "insurance 
 and relief," "pension or retirement," and "superannuation" 
 plans, the other undertakings just offered obviously form 
 distinct and sound links in a continuous chain of provident 
 effort clearly calculated to create mental, physical, social, 
 and spiritual betterment ; and they also serve to accentuate 
 the force and utility of the general proposition. You are 
 respectfully requested to consult the two parts of report, 
 which, for sake of convenience, may be designated as 
 "General Report" and "Supplemental Report," and which 
 the Commission has styled "Report No. 1" and "Comple- 
 ment to Report No. 1." These reports are fully indexed, 
 
Addenda. 
 
 and a moment's consultation of the indices will suffice to 
 point the way to any particular provident undertaking in 
 any of the countries included in reportorial investigation. 
 
 Insurance plans, U. S. 
 
 Insurance plans will be discussed in the order given in 
 report, as already stated, and may be briefly described as: 
 
 Life and Accident Insurance. 
 
 Life and accident insurance. This j s insurance provided by regular or commercial 
 insurance organizations conducted independently of the 
 railway companies. The latter contract for the insurance 
 under varying conditions, and it is provided the employes 
 on different terms. This form of insurance will be found 
 treated at pages 17 to 25, both inclusive, of report. It 
 may be observed that some of the roads conduct their own 
 system of accident insurance, and these undertakings, 
 while patterned after the practices of the commercial com- 
 panies, are also invested with peculiarities which the roads 
 concerned may deem suitable for their own requirements. 
 
 Mutual insurance. 
 
 Mutual Insurance. 
 
 The presentation for Mutual Insurance will be found at 
 pages 25 to 29, both inclusive, of report. These Mutual 
 Benefit or Relief Associations, so styled, are characterized 
 by features identifying them more or less closely with 
 commercial insurance practices, especially in regard to the 
 "risks" involved, also by reason of working exclusively 
 along accident and death lines. As a matter of fact, they 
 could be consistently grouped with the so-called "Employes' 
 Relief Associations" mentioned in said General Report, 
 and of which mention will be made later on. Their sepa- 
 ration from this group was dictated largely by the desire to 
 bring out the salient elements of this particular class of 
 railway insurance. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 Endowment Insurance. 
 
 Endowment insurance. 
 
 This is in no sense similar to the endowment insurance 
 provided by regular life insurance companies. The insur- 
 ance furnished grows out of an endowment or principal 
 sum given by one or more persons; from the interest, or 
 net proceeds of such interest, is created and maintained a 
 fund out of which is made payments to designated employes 
 when affected by sickness, accident, old age, and specified 
 beneficiaries in the event of their death. This feature 
 is offered at pages 30 and 31, and 279 to 281, both inclusive, 
 of report. At the pages named will be found presented 
 a brief outlining of the endowment fund created by the 
 well-known philanthropist, Mr. Andrew Carnegie, amount- 
 ing to $4,000,000, providing accident and death benefits 
 and pension allowances, and which concerns employes of 
 companies with a standing as constituent members of the 
 Carnegie interests. 
 
 Railway Relief Department. 
 
 Railway relief department. When the term "Railway Relief Department" is used in 
 
 report, the idea sought to be conveyed is, that the roads 
 involved are directly, substantially, and continuously 
 identified and concerned in the management and operation 
 of the funds. They are thus differentiated from the numer- 
 ous insurance societies organized and maintained by the 
 employes themselves exclusively, and in the management 
 of which the railroad companies have no voice, although 
 they may from time to time make liberal contributions 
 toward their support. A railroad relief department viewed 
 in this light represents an organization invested with the 
 best attributes of the so-called mutual benefit association, 
 in the management and conduct of which both the railroad 
 concerned and its employes mutually and jointly co-operate 
 to bring about well-defined and common ends — fixed benefit 
 allowances during disablement from sickness or accident, 
 and payment of a stipulated sum of money to designated 
 beneficiaries in the event of death. 
 
6 Addenda. 
 
 The report includes nine (9) roads identified with the 
 conduct of relief departments, and these I will next announce, 
 together with certain statistics related to each: 
 
 Relief department statistics. ^HE NlNE (9) ROADS CONDUCTING RELIEF DEPARTMENTS. 
 
 Name of Road 
 
 Mileage 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 Employes 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 Members 
 
 Average 
 
 Annual 
 
 Expenditure 
 
 Atlantic Coast Line Railroad 
 
 4,139 
 4,322 
 8,324 
 88 
 1,398 
 392 
 5,852 
 5,062 
 1,468 
 
 17,512 
 54,600 
 38,350 
 
 1,088 
 18,621 
 
 6,145 
 
 110,327 
 
 49,202 
 
 23,732 
 
 8,129 
 
 41,783 
 
 22,141 
 
 995 
 
 6,505 
 
 4,700 
 
 76,507 
 
 26,644 
 
 18,951 
 
 $82,763.83 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 
 
 375,153.75 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Ry. 
 Chicago Terminal & Valley Railroad „ 
 Lehigh Valley Railroad 
 
 332,504.71 
 
 9,304.42 
 
 35,547.55 
 
 Long Island Railroad 
 
 20,400.00 
 
 Penna. System East of Pittsburgh 
 
 Penna. System West of Pittsburgh 
 
 Philadelphia & Reading Railway 
 
 750,989.53 
 381,260.40 
 241,765.54 
 
 Totals 
 
 31,045 
 
 319,577 
 
 206,355 
 
 $2,229,689.73 
 
 
 
 The figures given in the table pertain to the year 1903. 
 
 The report offers these railway relief departments at 
 pages 31 to 77, both inclusive. The departments with the 
 several interested roads are patterned after those in opera- 
 tion by the Baltimore & Ohio and the Pennsylvania Rail- 
 road Companies, which are given at pages 40 to 50, both 
 inclusive, and 60 to 72, both inclusive, respectively, in 
 report. 
 
 Penna. R. R. Relief 
 Department exhibit. 
 
 In this connection, permit me to call attention to the fact 
 that I have had prepared a special exhibit for the Relief 
 Department of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company. It 
 embraces literature, pamphlets, forms, etc., a study of 
 which will afford a clear insight into the practical workings 
 of the plan. I will be glad to furnish copies of these papers 
 to any one desiring them, if they will leave their address 
 or write for them ; also similar information in regard to the 
 Pension Department and Saving Fund of the Company. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 Combined relief department 
 disbursement. 
 
 P. R. R. benefit payments. 
 
 Another very interesting statistical fact in connection 
 with the operation of railway relief departments is, that 
 while their combined average annual disbursements aggre- 
 gate in round figures $2,230,000, their combined disburse- 
 ments since organization approximate $37,150,000. 
 
 During the eighteen years' operation of the Relief 
 Department of the Lines of the Pennsylvania System East 
 of Pittsburgh, to the end of 1903, benefits were paid for 
 469,000 cases of disablement for periods ranging from one 
 day to seventeen years, while 8,531 families of deceased 
 members received death benefits varying in amount from 
 $250 to $2,500, according to class membership. The 
 members numbered 19,952 on December 31, 1886, and, as 
 already stated, numbered 76,507 at the close of the year 
 1903, or about 69 per centum of the total number of employes, 
 and included nearly all those who, by reason of age and 
 physical condition, were eligible to membership. The 
 total disbursement during this eighteen-year period, 
 inclusive of $148,662.15 for Superannuation allowances, 
 and $1,815,641.54 for operating expenses, amounted to 
 $13,517,811.47. 
 
 Employes' relief 
 associations. 
 
 Insurance with British 
 railways. 
 
 Employes' Relief Associations. 
 
 These are, as a rule, small societies organized among the 
 employes themselves, exclusively, and conducted wholly 
 by themselves, the railway companies with whose service 
 such employes are identified having no voice whatever in 
 their affairs, although in some instances the companies 
 contribute irregularly, and under varying conditions, to 
 their support. A few of these associations have been 
 offered, by way of illustration, at pages 41 to 44 of the 
 General Report. 
 
 Among the railways of the British Isles these insurance 
 organizations are conducted under such general titles as 
 "Accident Fund," "Sick Society," "Sick and Funeral 
 Allowance Fund," "Friendly Society," "Insurance Society," 
 etc. The organizations usually receive financial and other 
 aid from the railwavs with which thev are identified. In 
 
Addenda. 
 
 some instances organizations combine provision for sickness, 
 accident, old age, and death. Membership is in many 
 instances compulsory. The principle underlying the opera- 
 tions of the institutions is very similar. The subject is 
 given at pages 89 to 118, both inclusive, of report. 
 
 It may be observed that all the representative railways 
 of Great Britain provide Friendly Society insurance, in 
 some form, for their employes. Sundry Parliamentary 
 enactments, from time to time, such as the Friendly 
 Societies Act, the Employers' Liability Act, and the Work- 
 men's Compensation Act, stand as Government guarantees 
 for the workingman's protection; and many of the roads 
 have created their own insurance schemes to take the place 
 of legislative requirements; it always being a prerequisite 
 that the railway undertaking shall make as good or better 
 provision than is afforded by Parliamentary legislation, 
 otherwise the employes may avail themselves of the latter. 
 The undertakings previous to inauguration are submitted 
 to and have the approval of the Government's Registrar 
 of Friendly Societies, and this officer is furnished periodi- 
 cally with reports and statements exhibiting the results 
 of their operations along all lines. 
 
 Report tables. Insurance. 
 
 As a source of general information, attention is invited 
 to the tabulated data presented at pages 12 and 13 of report, 
 in regard to "insurance and retirement" provisions among 
 the railways of the United States. 
 
 Pension. 
 
 Pension departments, 
 United States. 
 
 Pension departments in the United States possess the 
 same general characteristics, all being patterned after the 
 plans adopted by the Baltimore & Ohio and the Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad Companies, only merely nominal differ- 
 ences obtaining, such as are necessitated by physical and 
 financial conditions of the interested roads. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 The objects of the departments are uniformly to provide 
 for compulsory retirement from service at 65 or 70 years 
 of age, with anywhere from ten to thirty years' continuous 
 service, on a fixed pension allowance, computed, usually, 
 at one per centum of the average monthly pay for the ten 
 vears next preceding retirement, for each year of service 
 Involuntary or compulsory retirement takes place between 
 ages 65 and 70, and voluntary retirement, growing out of 
 incapacitation, between ages 61 and 69 years. 
 
 Summary, by Groups, of Age Limit Provisions by 
 Railroads in the United States conducting Pension 
 Departments. 
 
 Group 
 
 Number 
 
 of 
 Employes 
 
 Entrance 
 
 Age 
 (Years) 
 
 Voluntary 
 Retirement 
 Age (Years) 
 
 Involuntary 
 Retirement 
 Age (Years) 
 
 Group "A' 
 
 Group "B' 
 Group "C 
 Group "D' 
 Group ''E' 
 Group "F" 
 Group "G' 
 
 126,799 
 
 46,378 
 2,676 
 4,454 
 
 11,953 
 228,040 
 
 33,307 
 
 35-45 
 45 
 
 35-45 
 35-45 
 
 35 
 
 35 
 
 61-69 
 
 Under 65 
 Under 60 
 60-64 
 65-69 
 65-69 
 60-69 
 
 70 — Sedentary 
 
 65 — Active 
 
 65 
 
 60 
 
 65 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 70 
 
 Roads covered by groups. 
 
 The distribution of railways in the groups just named is : 
 
 Group "A": 
 
 Atlantic Coast Line Railroad; 
 
 Houston & Texas Central Railroad; 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad; 
 
 Oregon Railroad and Navigation Company; 
 
 Oregon Short Line Railroad; 
 
 San Antonio & Aransas Pass Railway; 
 
 Southern Pacific (Pacific System); 
 
 Southern Pacific (Sunset Route); 
 
 Union Pacific Railroad. 
 
 Group "B": 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad. 
 
10 Addenda. 
 
 Group "C": 
 
 Bessemer & Lake Erie Railroad (in connection 
 with the Andrew Carnegie Endowment Fund). 
 
 Group "D": 
 
 Buffalo, Rochester & Pittsburgh Railway. 
 Group "E": 
 
 Central Railroad of New Jersey. 
 Group "F": 
 
 Chicago & Northwestern Railway; 
 
 Pennsylvania System East of Pittsburgh; 
 
 Pennsylvania System West of Pittsburgh; 
 
 Philadelphia & Reading Railway. 
 
 Group "G": 
 
 Delaware, Lackawanna & Western Railway. 
 
 Age limit exceptions. Referring to Group "F" roads, for which the maximum 
 
 age limit for admission to the service is given as 35 years, 
 it may be stated it is optional with the board of officers 
 of the interested department to recommend that the board 
 of directors authorize the re-employment of former em- 
 ployes over 35 years of age and not out of the service more 
 than three years, and of the employment of persons at any 
 age where the service for which they are needed requires 
 special or professional qualifications. 
 
 Financing. A prominent characteristic of railway pension funds in 
 
 the United States is, that the undertaking is wholly financed 
 and supported by the railway companies concerned, the 
 beneficiaries making no contribution whatever thereto. 
 The financial demands on some of these funds are met by 
 setting aside originally a certain amount as an investment, 
 the interest accruing therefrom constituting pension or 
 working funds, these amounts being in some cases supple- 
 mented by a provision for a further maximum appropria- 
 tion when necessary; in other cases the railway company 
 simply assumes responsibility for a maximum annual 
 disbursement. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 11 
 
 Number of pension funds. 
 
 Mileage and employes. 
 
 Data on pension undertakings furnished by eighteen (18) 
 roads in the United States show sixteen (16) pension funds 
 in operation, and two (2) practically ready for introduction, 
 while, besides, several roads announce plans either under 
 consideration or in course of preparation. 
 
 The roads reporting pension funds embrace upwards of 
 50,000 miles of railway, or about twenty-four (24) per 
 centum of the total railway mileage of the country, and 
 approximately 500,000 employes, or about thirty-eight (38) 
 per centum of the total number of employes of all roads in 
 the United States. 
 
 Disbursements, etc. 
 
 British pension plans. 
 
 The funds represent an aggregate annual appropriation 
 not to exceed $1, 350, 000, when necessary to make payment 
 of pension allowances, while eight (8) of the roads set aside 
 originally, as the basis of pension or working funds, an 
 amount aggregating about $600,000. Twelve (12) of the 
 roads have expended since organization, to the close of 1903, 
 an aggregate of $2,500,000, and the roads concerned were 
 carrying on their pension rolls the names of 3,200 pensioners 
 at the end of 1903, while the aggregate mortality among 
 pensioners, since fund organization, numbered 1,150. 
 
 As a rule, pension plans in Great Britain call for contri- 
 butions by the employes, and membership is compulsory. 
 Those on the "wage" list only are affected by these under- 
 takings. Under this arrangement there is entailed refunds 
 where a non-pensioned member dies, or where a member 
 is dismissed or leaves the service. The retirement ages are 
 lower than with the American roads, but the service period 
 is very similar. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Superannuation. 
 
 Superannuation provision with the railways of the United 
 States is confined exclusively to the Lines of the Penn- 
 sylvania System East of Pittsburgh, Pa. The allowance 
 grows out of membership in the Relief Department, and is 
 in a measure an additional pension allowance. The 
 
12 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Formation. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 Retirement age. 
 
 Refunds. 
 
 Commuting. 
 
 "Relief Fund Surplus" is the nucleus of the provision, 
 and the accrued interest on this "surplus" is the basis for 
 calculating allowances. The subject is presented at pages 
 179 to 181, both inclusive, of report, to which notice is 
 invited. 
 
 From a transportation point of view, superannuation 
 finds its fullest and highest expression and observance with 
 the English railways. In Great Britain the term "super- 
 annuation" is distinguished from the word "pension," in 
 that the English superannuation fund has for its member- 
 ship the "salaried officers and in-door staff," as a rule, and, 
 in that light, embraces only such employes as are remuner- 
 ated by an annual salary, in contradistinction to weekly- 
 wage or other form of remuneration than annual salary. 
 
 Formation of superannuation funds in Great Britain is 
 usually provided by Parliamentary enactment under what 
 are styled "General Powers Acts" pertaining to interested 
 railways. 
 
 Financing of the funds is on uniform lines, consisting for 
 the most part of prescribed membership payments, com- 
 monly two and one-half per centum on salaries, with a 
 corresponding aggregate subscription by the railways, with 
 interest on surplus placed in charge of the railway concerned, 
 or otherwise invested. 
 
 Retirement takes place at ages 60 to 65 years, regularly, 
 with anywhere from ten to thirty years' service or member- 
 ship; and also upon permanent incapacitation, before 
 reaching those ages, with ten or more years' service or 
 membership. 
 
 Refunds, on a common basis, are provided in event of 
 death either previous to or while enjoying superannuation 
 benefits. 
 
 Commutation of allowance obtains, on the basis of a 
 payment of a lump sum in lieu thereof. 
 
 These superannuation funds for British railways will be 
 found at pages 183 to 210, both inclusive, and 297 to 299, 
 both inclusive, of report, and your attention is respectfully 
 invited to those pages. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 13 
 
 General reportorial 
 comment. 
 
 These "insurance and retirement" undertakings being 
 the particular ones for consideration at this convention, 
 more time will not be taken up in detailing the various 
 features of the other forms of provident endeavor offered 
 in reports. They are, as already remarked, important 
 parts of the whole scheme of "railway provident endeavor," 
 and it would no doubt prove highly interesting to accord 
 them as much attention in session as possible. It will 
 suffice now, for practical purposes, to merely announce 
 their location in reports, which will place the members in 
 position to raise any questions that may suggest them- 
 selves : 
 
 Undertaking 
 
 Report Page 
 
 215 
 233 
 245 
 253 
 261 
 267 
 
 Hospital Service 
 
 Saving Funds 
 
 Co-operative Stock Scheme 
 
 Y. M. C. A. Railroad Branches 
 
 Libraries and Reading-Rooms 
 
 Literary Institutes 
 
 Loan Provision _ 275 
 
 Public or Private Provision 279 
 
 Leave Allowance 
 
 Miscellaneous Provision... 
 
 Railroad Orders and Brotherhoods 
 
 Palace or Sleeping Car Companies - 
 
 Express Companies 
 
 Railway Mail Service 
 
 Welfare Work 
 
 301 
 303 
 311 
 315 
 317 
 345 
 351 
 
 to 231 
 
 " 243 
 
 " 251 
 
 " 260 
 
 " 265 
 
 " 273 
 
 " 277 
 
 " 300 
 
 " 302 
 
 " 308 
 
 " 314 
 
 " 316 
 
 " 343 
 
 " 349 
 
 " 354 
 
 both inclusive 
 
 Conclusion. 
 
 The movement looking to the improvement of the mental, 
 social, and spiritual welfare of employes generally, and the 
 making of provision for their physical requirements during 
 disablement from sickness or accident, incapacitation from 
 old age, and for their dependents and designated bene- 
 ficiaries in the event of their death, is now firmly rooted 
 and widespread in all English-speaking countries, and all 
 these elements of personal betterment have become highly 
 important matters in the administration and operation of 
 the more prominent railways. In many instances, in the 
 United States, roads are deeply interested in "relief depart- 
 
14 Addenda. 
 
 merits'' and "pension"' undertakings, and are deterred 
 from inaugurating similar plans on behalf of their own 
 employes by the great expense entailed in their conduct 
 only. 
 
 Harmonizing of pension j^ does not seem possible to harmonize the pension plans 
 
 adopted in English-speaking countries, for the reason that 
 the undertakings in vogue with the railways in countries 
 other than the United States involve contributions by 
 employes participating in the benefits extended, while in 
 the case of the plans conducted by the railways of the 
 United States, the participating employes make no contri- 
 bution whatever, the financing of the funds and the entire 
 expenditure for retirement allowances being borne by the 
 roads exclusively. Moreover, with the American plans 
 there is no distinction drawn between the classes or grades 
 of employes eligible to pension allowances, all employes 
 sharing alike, on the common basis. 
 
Inauguration. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 B een 
 
 Audit Committee. 
 
 Secret ary-Treasurer. 
 
 Insurance. 
 United States. 
 
 Fraternal Society of the American Association of General 
 Passenger and Ticket Agents. 
 
 The organization is known as "The Fraternal Societv of 
 the American Association of General Passenger and Ticket 
 Agents," and was originally inaugurated in October, 1901. 
 
 Objects of the society are: 
 
 a. — To closely unite the bonds of fraternal relationship 
 
 between its members. 
 b. — To establish a Death Benefit Fund, from which on 
 satisfactory evidence of the death of a member 
 who has complied with its lawful requirements, 
 immediate assistance will be rendered to the 
 family of the deceased by the payment of the 
 sum of one thousand dollars (SI, 000), to the 
 beneficiary who has been so designated by the 
 member, provided, however, that the amount 
 to be paid to the beneficiary shall not in any 
 one case exceed the sum equal to one assessment 
 for each and every surviving member of the 
 society. 
 
 The officers are a President, Vice- President, Secretary- 
 Treasurer, who are the Executive Committee, and who are 
 the President, Vice-President, and Secretary duly elected 
 annually by the American Association of General Passenger 
 and Ticket Agents. 
 
 President appoints an Audit Committee, consisting of 
 three members, who audit the books and accounts of the 
 Secretary-Treasurer, presenting their written report at the 
 annual meeting of the American Association of General 
 Passenger and Ticket Agents for the previous year. 
 
 Keeps correct list of members of society, with their places 
 of business and the name and residence of each beneficiary. 
 (15) 
 
16 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Application for 
 membership. 
 
 Holdover membership. 
 
 Conducts the general correspondence of society. Receives 
 all moneys due the society, keeping a correct account of 
 same, also all payments. At annual meeting of the 
 American Association of General Passenger and Ticket 
 Agents he renders a report to President of Association of 
 all moneys received and paid out by him since the last 
 annual meeting, submitting at the same time his 
 books and accounts to the Audit Committee for their 
 annual examination and approval. He deposits the funds 
 of the Fraternal Society in such institution as may be 
 agreed upon with the President and Vice-President. He 
 is bonded in a surety company at the expense of the society 
 for the sum of $3,000. 
 
 Following named are eligible to membership: 
 
 a. — All active and honorary members of the American 
 Association of General Passenger and Ticket 
 Agents. 
 b. — Assistant General Passenger and Ticket Agents of 
 each railway corporation and transportation line 
 in North America, issuing and receiving coupon 
 tickets, who have an active membership in the 
 American Association of General Passenger and 
 Ticket Agents. 
 c. — The Commissioners of the New England Passenger 
 Association, Trunk Line Passenger Association, 
 Central Passenger Association, Western Passen- 
 ger Committee, Trans-Continental Passenger 
 Committee, Southwestern Passenger Committee, 
 Southern States Passenger Association, and the 
 Commissioners of other like Passenger Associa- 
 tions in America. 
 
 All applications for membership are made to the Secre- 
 tary-Treasurer, accompanied by the entrance fee. 
 
 Membership in the Fraternal Society is not terminated 
 by the withdrawal of a member from the railway or trans- 
 portation business, but may continue while the dues of 
 the member are paid. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 17 
 
 Beneficiary. 
 
 Entrance fee. 
 
 Dues. 
 
 Forfeiture of membership. 
 
 Each applicant must give the Secretary-Treasurer the 
 full name and address of the legal beneficiary to whom the 
 death benefit amount is to be paid. 
 
 Entrance fee for the society is $10.00, and the fund 
 resulting from such payments to the Secretary-Treasurer 
 is known as the general fund, to be applied to the death 
 benefit fund and for the payment of the necessary expenses 
 of the society. 
 
 Dues are fixed at $5.00, and are assessed on each member 
 by the Secretary-Treasurer on the death of a member. 
 
 Member failing to pay an assessment called on the death 
 of a member, within 30 days, forfeits his membership and 
 all its benefits and privileges. He may be reinstated on 
 approval of President, Vice-President, and Secretary- 
 General, upon paying all arrears and a new entrance fee 
 of $5.00. 
 
 Total benefit disbursements. The benefit disbursements from organization of the 
 society to the end of March, 1905, aggregated $5,605. 
 
 Number of members. 
 Deaths. 
 
 Membership as of March 21, 1905, was 217 members. 
 
 Up to March, 1905, the society had been in existence 
 about three and one-half years, during which time there 
 were six deaths. 
 
 Basis of library. 
 
 Welfare Work. 
 Free Traveling Newspaper Library. 
 
 There is conducted in connection with the Southern 
 Pacific Company ("Sunset Route"), in the State of Texas, 
 what is known as the "Free Traveling Newspaper Library." 
 The literary bureau of the Railroad Company receives daily 
 a large number of papers from all parts of the country. 
 After being scanned and clipped for the files of the bureau, 
 
18 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 the publications still contain a great deal of good reading 
 matter. These papers, which formerly went into the 
 waste-basket, formed the nucleus for the Library. The 
 institution has supplemented the original source of reading 
 supply by becoming the recipients of voluntary contri- 
 butions from newspaper offices direct, including packages 
 of their exchanges, also of magazines from interested 
 persons. 
 
 Distribution. 
 
 Distribution is effected by distributers, mostly females 
 (the wives, daughters, or sisters of the railroad employes), 
 looked up and reported by section foremen, and who per- 
 form the work willingly for the welfare and entertainment 
 of their own families and neighbors. 
 
 On a designated day of each week, beginning with one of 
 the four lines of the Southern Pacific in Texas, the Library 
 sends in rotation to each section, so that every two weeks 
 each one receives a package of papers. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 Australasia. 
 
 List of provident 
 institutions. 
 
 South Australian State Railways. 
 
 (1,736.25 miles; 3,567 employes; as of June 30, 1904.) 
 
 The following provident institutions are conducted in 
 connection with the Railways, viz.: 
 
 Life Assurance. 
 
 Public Service Superannuation Fund. 
 
 Public Service Provident Fund. 
 
 South Australian Railways Hospital Fund. 
 
 These institutions will be treated herein in the foregoing 
 order of presentation. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Insurance. 
 Life Assurance. 
 
 Life Assurance for employes was started in 1889. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 19 
 
 Object. 
 
 The object is to secure a provision upon retirement at 
 age 60 for the employe, or for his family in the event of his 
 premature death. 
 
 General conditions. 
 
 By regulation of January 1, 1889, all who thereafter 
 attained the age of 21, and new entrants — with the excep- 
 tion of engine-cleaners, greasers, pumpers, coalmen, mechan- 
 ics, shop laborers, and a few others — have been required 
 to assure in one of the approved societies, the latter being 
 informed each month of those employes required to assure, 
 and simultaneously a form is handed to the employe con- 
 cerned. This form contains a recommendation by the 
 district officer, a declaration by the employe as to his date 
 of birth and the society chosen, the certificate of the 
 Comptroller of Accounts that insurance is complete, and 
 the approval of the Commissioner for the permanent 
 appointment. Upon the acceptance of the proponent by 
 the society the premiums are thereafter collected half- 
 yearly by the Department and handed over. 
 
 Scale of insurance. 
 
 Every person, before confirmation of his appointment 
 to any permanent office or employment in the railway ser- 
 vice, is required to effect in some life insurance office 
 carrying on business in South Australia and approved by 
 the Commissioners, an insurance on his life, providing for 
 the payment of a sum of money at his death, should it 
 occur before the age of retirement from the railway sendee, 
 or, if he survives until that age, of a sum of money or 
 annuity on the date of such retirement, upon the following 
 scale, that is to say: 
 
 The amount payable at death or retirement shall not be 
 less than the amount of the annual salary or wages of the 
 insured. The amount of any annuity is such as the premi- 
 ums payable upon that basis will purchase. Every such 
 insurance or annuity is proportionately increased with 
 every additional ,£50 received as yearly salary or wages. 
 
20 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 Basis of computation of 
 insurance. 
 
 The amount of insurance is computed as follows 
 
 Salary or Wages per Annum Exclusive of Overtime 
 
 Not exceeding £110 
 
 Exceeding £110 and not exceeding £200. 
 
 200 
 300 
 400 
 500 
 600 
 700 
 800 
 900 
 
 300.. 
 400.. 
 500.. 
 600.. 
 700.. 
 800.. 
 900.. 
 1,000. 
 
 Amount op 
 
 Insurance 
 
 £100 
 200 
 300 
 400 
 500 
 600 
 700 
 800 
 900 
 
 1,000 
 
 Endowmentjinsurance rates. 
 
 All insurances are at the rates for endowment insurance 
 at 60 years of age, or for annuity according to tables of the 
 insurance companies, which are signed by the accredited 
 officer of the board of management. The premiums are 
 payable half-yearly in advance, portions of a half-year 
 being calculated pro rata, but the first premium payable to 
 any company will not be for a term of less than one full 
 quarter. 
 
 Nature'of contract. 
 
 The contract once entered into cannot be varied, but all 
 succeeding increases are to be made with the same company, 
 without further examination, at the rates agreed on at the 
 original contract, increased pro rata according to the age 
 of the assured at the time of increased insurance. Where 
 the occupation of any employe is varied after the date of 
 the original contract, involving special risk, the company 
 in which the insurance is effected is permitted to charge, in 
 addition to the premiums, any special rate which, under the 
 rules of such office, are ordinarily chargeable therefor. The 
 employe, as a condition precedent to the confirmation of 
 his promotion, lodges such additional policy as required. 
 All policies are in the name of the assured, are lodged with 
 the South Australian Railway Commissioners, remain in 
 their possession, and are unassignable either at law or in 
 equity, provided that the amount so insured shall be pay- 
 
Addenda. 
 
 21 
 
 able to the employe on his leaving the service at 60 years of 
 age, or to his legal representatives within three months 
 after his death, should he die before attaining the age of 60. 
 
 Maximum amount of 
 insurance. 
 
 No company is required to insure the life of any officer 
 or servant for a larger sum than is provided in regulations, 
 but any additional insurance will be a matter of contract 
 between the assurer and the assured, and the policies in 
 such cases are not lodged with the Commissioners and are 
 not in anywise subject to regulations. 
 
 Record and statistics. 
 
 A record of all insurance made in pursuance of regula- 
 tions is kept by the Comptroller of Railway Accounts, and 
 shows the date and amount of the original insurance, and 
 of each successive increase; and it is the duty of said 
 Comptroller to arrange for deducting from the salary or 
 wages of the assured, in accordance with prescribed regula- 
 tion, the premiums due to the insurance company concerned 
 to the end of each calendar half-year, every 30th June 
 and 31st December, and to pay the same to said company. 
 It is a condition of all policies that in case of omission by 
 said Comptroller to pay said premiums, the policy of 
 insurance will not lapse till the expiration of one month 
 after service of notice of such omission on the Comptroller, 
 and the company will within such month receive, if so 
 required to do, such overdue premium without interest or 
 fine. 
 
 Resignation or dismissal. 
 
 Any employe, on resigning, being dismissed, or otherwise 
 leaving the service of said Commissoners, has delivered to 
 him all policies in his name, and the Commissioners will not 
 thereafter have any charge of the policies or liability in 
 respect of the half-yearly premiums, and the said policies 
 will thereafter cease to be subject to regulations, but the 
 said Comptroller of Accounts will give notice to the insur- 
 ance company interested, and the policies will not be other- 
 wise affected as a contract between the insurer and the 
 insured so long as the premiums thereon are paid by the 
 insured. 
 
22 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 Premiums payable to 
 approved life assurance 
 societies. 
 
 
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 Age 
 Next 
 Birth- 
 day. 
 
 
 HNCO-fiOONXOiO'HNM'tiO 
 
 New York 
 
 Life 
 Insurance 
 Company 
 
 13 
 
 iO<NOOOOOO»OI^Ot-C100 
 (ONOOOOOiOWPJ-fiONOOONtt 1 
 
 
 National 
 Mutual Life 
 Association 
 
 of 
 Australasia, 
 
 Limited 
 
 13 
 
 i— ioo>o-*corOTj<iot^.05^HcooiX»o 
 
 
 Mutual Life 
 Insurance 
 Company 
 
 of 
 New York 
 
 13 
 flo 
 
 H05NiOiO"0!ONOClNrtO)CO 
 iOONOOOOhNCOiOOOOOhM 
 
 
 Equitable 
 
 Life 
 
 Assurance 
 
 Society 
 
 of the 
 
 United States 
 
 «0 
 
 ^hOhOOhh^MhNWOO 
 tfiNXMaOrHM^iONCOON^ 
 
 
 Citizens' 
 
 Life 
 Assurance 
 Company, 
 
 Limited 
 
 
 <*W3tONMOOHflf3iO©OOOSH 
 
 
 Colonial 
 
 Mutual Life 
 
 Assurance 
 
 Society, 
 
 Limited 
 
 * 
 
 13 
 
 60 
 
 OOOOMhhOOOIMNhOhh 
 
 
 Australian 
 
 Widows' Fund 
 
 Life 
 
 Assurance 
 
 Society, 
 
 Limited 
 
 13 
 
 eo 
 
 ■^lOCOlDNCOOiO^t'O^'ONaiO 
 
 
 Australasian 
 Temperance 
 and General 
 Mutual Life 
 Assurance 
 Society 
 
 13 
 so 
 
 OOCOOOOOOOOOCOO'OO 
 lOOtBNWOiOHflCCiOOOOfflH 
 
 
 Australian 
 Mutual 
 
 Provident 
 Society 
 
 13 
 
 CO 
 
 i"HOC!00N000>OO-*C0C0ON 
 lOOONMOlO'-Tl-fi-'JOGOOlH 
 
 
 Age 
 Next 
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 ■- M M -f LO '^ N X CI O r- 1 (N 00 »f >0 
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Addenda. 
 
 23 
 
 Approved insurance 
 societies. 
 
 Approved societies as of January 1, 1905, in which 
 employes could insure were as follows: 
 Australian Mutual Provident Society. 
 Australasian Temperance and General Mutual Life 
 
 Assurance Society, Limited. 
 Australian Widows' Fund Life Assurance Society, 
 
 Limited. 
 Colonial Mutual Life Assurance Society, Limited. 
 Citizens' Life Assurance Company, Limited. 
 Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States. 
 Mutual Life Association of Australasia. 
 Mutual Life Insurance Company of New York. 
 National Mutual Life Association of Australasia, 
 
 Limited. 
 New York Life Insurance Company. 
 The Public Service Superannuation Fund. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Superannuation. 
 
 The Public Service Superannuation Fund : 
 
 "The Public Service Superannuation Fund" was author- 
 ized by Act of Parliament No. 790 of 1902, and the Fund 
 started in 1903. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 The Fund aims at providing an annuity during incapacity 
 for a year or more, or upon retirement at ages 60 or 65, 
 according to the division of the Fund; a pension to the 
 widow during her life, or to the children, should they survive, 
 until the youngest reaches 18 years of age. 
 
 The annuity varies according to the amount subscribed 
 (which is in proportion to the amount of salary) and the 
 number of years of membership, calculated by a professional 
 actuary outside the service. 
 
 The amount of subscription is moderated so that the 
 annuity does not offer too great an inducement to retire- 
 ment at the option age, but rather that a member should 
 subsequently continue in active employment should his 
 health permit. 
 
24 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 Fund division. 
 
 Division A. 
 
 Division B. 
 
 Administration. 
 
 Financing. 
 
 There are two divisions of the Fund, namely, Division A, 
 in which the age to be attained to entitle a subscriber who 
 has an effective status of not less than 20 years to a con- 
 tinuing annuity is 60 years; and Division B, in which such 
 age is 65 years for males, and for females, if included in 
 this division, 60 years. 
 
 Division A includes: 
 
 a. — Every male subscriber engaged in physical labor 
 whose employment is of such a nature as, in the 
 option of the Board, may probably incapacitate 
 him for continued service by the time he attains 
 the age of 65 years. 
 
 b. — Every male optional subscriber entering the Fund 
 after December 31, 1903, who at the time of entry 
 is liable under the Departmental regulations to 
 be required on attaining the age of 60 years to 
 retire from the public service or railway ser- 
 vice on the ground of age. 
 
 c. — Every male foundation subscriber, not within 
 Sub-section "a" of this regulation, who may 
 elect to enter Division A. 
 
 Division B includes: 
 
 Every other male subscriber. 
 
 The Fund is administered on a purely mutual principle 
 by a Board, styled "The Public Service Superannuation 
 Fund Board, " consisting of seven members, three of whom 
 are appointed by the Government and four elected by the 
 subscribers. 
 
 The Fund is financed by subscriptions paid by subscribers 
 and by moneys received for the purchase of status, and the 
 interest arising from the investment of such subscriptions 
 and moneys. The Fund is exempt from income tax and 
 from all other taxation whatever. The Government assists 
 to the extent of guaranteeing the payment of annuities 
 during the first 15 years, of collecting the subscriptions each 
 pay, and undertaking the clerical work. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 25 
 
 Membership. 
 
 Maximum and Minimum 
 subscriptions. 
 
 Maximum. 
 
 Minimum. 
 
 Employment tenure. 
 
 Membership is composed of all persons who enter the 
 Public Service, and who being males, receive remuneration 
 at the rate of .£100 or more per annum, or being females, 
 £75 or more per annum, excepting any person now in or 
 hereafter entering the Railway Service or the Public Service, 
 or now capable or hereafter becoming capable of subscribing 
 to the Public School Teachers' Superannuation Fund. 
 
 The maximum and minimum subscriptions are as follows: 
 
 Males 
 
 Females 
 
 Pay 
 
 Maximum 
 Subscription 
 
 Pay 
 
 Maximum 
 Subscription 
 
 Not exceedina; 
 £200 
 
 Each full £50 
 above the 
 first £200 
 
 £16 
 
 £5 up to £40, 
 inclusive of 
 the £16 
 
 Not exceedina; 
 £150 
 
 Each full £37 
 above the 
 first £150 
 
 £12 
 
 £3 up to £30, 
 inclusive of 
 the £12 
 
 Provided that in computing the maximum amount of 
 subscription of any person who shall also be a subscriber to 
 the Public School Teachers' Superannuation Fund, the 
 amount subscribed by such person to that Fund shall be 
 included. 
 
 The minimum annual subscriptions are, for males £8, 
 and for females £6. 
 
 Employment in any branch of the Public Service shall, 
 for the purposes of the Act, be deemed to be of a permanent 
 character whenever the employment is not for a defined 
 term or continues after a defined term has expired without 
 a fresh defined term being fixed, and the person employed 
 does not exceed the age of 32 years at the time of entering 
 into receipt, in respect of such undefined term of employ- 
 ment, of, if a male, £100 or more per annum, or, if a female, 
 £75 or more per annum, unless either the Board or the 
 Minister controlling the department in which the person is 
 employed shall certify on the prescribed form that such 
 employment is not of a permanent character; the opinion 
 of the Board and of such Minister that the employment is of 
 a permanent character is expressed on a designated form. 
 
26 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 Collections. 
 
 Cessation of payments. 
 
 Duration of benefit. 
 
 Retirement at 60 or 65. 
 
 Death with not less than 
 five years' status. 
 
 Death of both parents. 
 
 Dismissal or resignation 
 from service before five 
 years' status. 
 
 Retirement or dismissal 
 after five years' status. 
 
 Subscriptions are deducted from pay-sheets, and are 
 distributed evenly over the year, a very small deduction 
 of equal amount being made from each pay-sheet. 
 
 No payment of subscription is required while the sub- 
 scriber is incapable of earning ordinary pay. 
 
 If Superannuation Board be of opinion that incapacity 
 for work, by reason of ill health or infirmity, will continue 
 for a year, the subscriber will be entitled to an annuity for 
 a year, and may at the end of the year apply for another 
 year's annuity, and so on from year to year as long as, in 
 the opinion of the Board, the incapacity lasts. 
 
 When he retires at or after age 60 if in Division A, or at 
 or after 65 if in Division B, of the Fund, a subscriber will 
 be entitled to an annuity for the remainder of his life. 
 
 Upon the death of a subscriber who has not less than five 
 years' status, his widow will be entitled to an annuity for her 
 life. The fact that the subscriber himself may have drawn 
 an annuity on breakdown or in old age will not make any 
 difference to the right of his widow to an annuity, provided 
 they were married prior to his retirement. 
 
 If both parents die, and the father had a status of five 
 years in the Fund, his children will be entitled to an annuity 
 until they reach 18 years of age. 
 
 If, before he acquires five years' status on the Fund, a 
 subscriber, through resignation or dismissal from the service, 
 or by death, ceases to be a subscriber, the full amount of his 
 subscriptions will be repaid out of the Fund ; and if he has 
 purchased status for cash the cash will also be refunded to 
 him ; and if he has purchased status by installments the 
 installments actually paid will be refunded, less the amount 
 required to satisfy interest and cover the risk of non- 
 payment. 
 
 If, after having acquired five years' status, a subscriber 
 in good health retires from the service to better himself, 
 or is dismissed, he will be repaid the full amount of sub- 
 
Addenda. 
 
 27 
 
 scriptions paid; and if he has purchased status for cash 
 the cash also will be refunded to him; and if he has pur- 
 chased status by installments the installments actually paid 
 will be refunded, less the amount required to satisfy interest 
 and cover the risk of non-payment; but if the subscriber 
 is not in good health, the amount, if any, to be refunded 
 will be entirely in the discretion of the Board. 
 
 Purchase of five years' 
 status required. 
 
 Railway Regulation No. 14 requires the purchase of 
 five years' status, so that the subscriber may be eligible 
 for benefits forthwith. The price of this status may be paid 
 in cash in a lump sum, or payment may be spread over 
 twenty years, or less, by installments deducted from the 
 pay-sheet with the subscription, the installments being 
 computed to cover interest and risk of non-payment as well 
 as the purchase-money itself. 
 
 Status acquirement by 
 probationer. 
 
 A railway probationer may, prior to any departmental 
 requirement, become a subscriber to the Fund, and may 
 either purchase status at once or defer doing so until 
 required by the Department on the confirmation of his 
 appointment, when he will be required to purchase so much 
 status only as will make up the five years. 
 
 Annuities protected. 
 
 All annuities are absolutely protected against creditors 
 and cannot be mortgaged. 
 
 Fund investment. 
 
 The Fund is vested in and under the control and manage- 
 ment of the Board, who may invest the same on deposit 
 with the Treasurer, or in any bank, or upon first mortgage 
 of the fee-simple of land in South Australia, or upon Govern- 
 ment securities of the Commonwealth of Australia, or of 
 any State of the said Commonwealth, or upon securities 
 guaranteed by the Government of said Commonwealth or of 
 any such State, or upon the securities of any municipal 
 corporation in South Australia, or upon any other securities 
 authorized by law for the investment of trust funds. The 
 invested funds amounted to .£22,000 at the end of 1904. 
 
28 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 Annual report. 
 
 In the month of March in every year a report on the 
 condition, investments, and affairs of the Fund and its 
 administration during the year ending on the thirty-first 
 day of December next preceding, is prepared and laid before 
 the Governor of the Board, and published in the "Govern- 
 ment Gazette." 
 
 Audit of accounts. 
 
 The accounts relating to the Fund are once at least in 
 every year audited by the Commissioner of Audit. 
 
 Quinquennial investigation. j As soon as conveniently may be after December 31, 
 
 1907, and at the end of every subsequent period of five 
 years, the affairs of the Fund will be investigated and 
 reported upon by an actuary, to be appointed by the Board 
 and approved by the Governor, and the report of such 
 actuary will be laid before the Governor by the Board. 
 
 2. After every such actuarial investigation the rates of 
 subscriptions or scales of benefits, or both, will be reviewed, 
 and will be altered if in the opinion of the Board alteration 
 may be necessary to insure: 
 
 a. — The actuarial soundness of the Fund. 
 b. — The fullest benefits to subscribers consistent with 
 such soundness. 
 
 Number of members. 
 
 At the close of 1904 the Fund had a membership of 575. 
 
 Provident Fund. 
 The Public Service Provident Fund. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 There is conducted in connection with the South Aus- 
 tralian State Railways what is styled "The Public Service 
 Provident Fund," started in 1893. 
 
 Nature of Fund. 
 
 The Fund is voluntary and unofficial, and open to all 
 grades of the State Civil Service. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 29 
 
 Levies. 
 
 Beneficiary. 
 
 An uniform levy is made on members when one of their 
 number dies, the amount of such levy being determined 
 by the sum to be raised, which varies from £75 to £100, 
 according to the age of the deceased member at the time 
 he joined. The levies have aggregated to about one pound 
 per member per annum. 
 
 The amount of the levy is handed over to the family or 
 nominee. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 Objects. 
 
 Levy. 
 
 Disposition of levy- 
 
 Hospital Service. 
 
 The South Australian Railways Hospital Fund. 
 
 The South Australian Railways Hospital Fund was 
 started in 1903. 
 
 The Fund provides treatment at hospitals free of cost to 
 the subscribers. 
 
 The Department collects an annual levy of one quarter 
 day's pay from members and hands it over to the executive 
 of the Fund. 
 
 The amount collected is divided among approved hos- 
 pitals in proportion to the number of members who have 
 been patients, a minimum payment of fifteen shillings per 
 week per patient being guaranteed. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 Libraries and Reading-Rooms. 
 
 Inauguration. 
 
 British India. 
 
 (2,682.95 miles; 50,718 employes.) 
 
 Great Indian Peninsula Railway. 
 
 Libraries. 
 
 Libraries were established at the various stations at 
 different times as the necessity for them arose. The 
 earliest was established at Bhusawal in 1866. A Central 
 Library in Bombay was opened in 1893. 
 
30 
 
 Addenda. 
 
 Location and number 
 volumes. 
 
 Character of literature. 
 
 Maintenance. 
 
 Annual distribution. 
 
 Libraries are located as follows, with volumes carried 
 as indicated, viz.: 
 
 Location 
 
 Number of 
 
 Volumes 
 
 Mahoba _ 
 
 Sohagpur. _ 
 
 Harda 
 
 Byculla 
 
 Igatpuri... 
 
 Bhusawal.. 
 
 Manmad..... 
 
 Jhansi _ 
 
 Sholapur 
 
 Lonavla _. 
 
 Dhond 
 
 Bina 
 
 Shahabad ... _ 
 
 Central Circulating Library, Bombay 
 
 Total _ _ _. 
 
 500 
 242 
 200 
 2,300 
 1,740 
 620 
 196 
 842 
 
 L060 
 
 1,100 
 
 681 
 
 451 
 
 8,445 
 
 18,377 
 
 Other station Institutes obtain books from the Central 
 Library, Bombay, by paying a fixed subscription. 
 
 Character of literature is miscellaneous, embracing 
 Fiction, Biography, Travels, Poetry, Scientific Works, and 
 other works of general interest. New books are purchased 
 by the Central Library, Bombay, from time to time as 
 they appear. 
 
 Central Library, Bombay, received a grant of ,£1,400 
 from the Board of Directors, which sum was expended on 
 books, furniture, and fittings. The Library is maintained 
 by membership subscriptions, with the exception of the 
 Librarian and his assistant who are paid by the Company. 
 The libraries at stations on the line, all of which are attached 
 to the Railway Institutes, are supported by membership 
 subscriptions. 
 
 The average number of books distributed yearly by the 
 various up-country libraries is about 15,000, and by the 
 Central Library, Bombay, about 17,000, or a total annual 
 distribution of about 32,000 volumes. 
 
Addenda. 
 
 31 
 
 Management. 
 
 Libraries at up-country stations are managed by the 
 Institute Committee, which comprises the chief resident 
 railway officers at the station. 
 
 Central Library, Bombay, is managed by a committee 
 of four chief officers of the Company and an Honorary 
 Secretary. 
 
 Minutes of meetings are recorded but not circulated. 
 
 Accounting. 
 
 Half-yearly statements of accounts, except for the 
 Central Library, are submitted to the Agent and Chief 
 Auditor of the Company in Bombay in connection with 
 each Railway Institute, including the Library. They are 
 all in the same form. 
 
 Books showing subscriptions received from members, 
 with details of expenditure, are posted and kept up month 
 by month, being audited every half-year by one of the 
 Company's Travelling Audit Inspectors. The system of 
 bookkeeping is single-entry. 
 
 Reading-Rooms. 
 
 Location. 
 
 Reading-rooms are provided at stations where there are 
 Railway Institutes, and in connection therewith, such 
 rooms being located at the following stations on the line, 
 viz.: Nagpur, Mahoba, Sohagpur, Harda, Byculla, Igatpuri, 
 Parel, Bhusawal, Manmad, also a large and comfortably 
 furnished reading-room at Central Library, Bombay, which 
 is located in the General Administration Offices at Victoria 
 Terminus; and this room is thrown open on mail days to 
 passengers arriving at or leaving Bombay, the table being 
 supplied with all the latest papers and periodicals. 
 
 Clientage. 
 
 The rooms are patronized by all classes who are members 
 of the Institute in Central Library. 
 
 Maintenance. 
 
 Maintained from Institute funds, except in the case of 
 the Central Library, Bombay, which is supported by sub- 
 scriptions. 
 

ALPHABETICAL INDEX 
 
 OF 
 
 Railroad, Express, and Sleeping Car Companies 
 
 NAME 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 A.— Railroad Companies 
 
 ANN ARBOR RAILROAD COMPANY UNITED STATES 
 
 ATCHISON, TOPEKA A SANTA FE RY. CO. (Coast Lines) . . 
 
 ATCHISON, TOPEKA &. SANTA FE RY. CO. (Proper) 
 
 ATLANTA, KNOXVILLE A NORTHERN RAILWAY CO 
 
 ATLANTIC COAST LINE RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 WALES . . 
 IRELAND 
 
 BALTIMORE A OHIO RAILROAD COMPANY UNITED STATES. 
 
 BALTIMORE & OHIO RAILROAD SYSTEM 
 
 BALTIMORE A OHIO SOUTHWESTERN RAILROAD CO.. 
 BALTIMORE, CHESAPEAKE & ATLANTIC RAILWAY CO 
 
 BANGOR A AROOSTOOK RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 BARRY RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 BELFAST A COUNTY DOWN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 BELFAST A NORTHERN COUNTIES RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 BENGAL-NAGPUR RAILWAY COMPANY, LIMITED 
 
 BESSEMER A LAKE ERIE RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 BIRKENHEAD PARK STATION JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 BOSTON A ALBANY RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 BOSTON A MAINE RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 BRECON A MERTHYR TYDFIL JUNCTION RAILWAY CO.. 
 
 BUFFALO, ROCHESTER A PITTSBURGH RAILWAY CO UNITED STATES. 
 
 ASIA 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 BURMA RAILWAYS COMPANY, LIMITED 
 
 BUTTE, ANACONDA A PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 CALEDONIAN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 CAMBRIAN RAILWAYS-. 
 
 CANADIAN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 ASIA 
 
 UNITED STATES, 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 WALES 
 
 CANADA.... 
 
 12, 25 
 
 217, 218,257 
 
 /217. 218, 257, 259, 
 I 262 
 
 257 
 
 12,34, 132, 217 
 
 (14,31,40,217,233, 
 < 257,259,261,262, 
 
 I 356 
 12, 40, 133, 233, 275 
 
 14, 48, 49 
 
 14 
 
 12, 17 
 
 298 
 
 298, 308 
 
 296, 308 
 
 119 
 
 f 12, 30, 135, 217, 
 I 257, 279 
 
 299 
 
 12, 135, 257 
 
 12, 78, 217, 257, 259 
 
 298 
 
 12, 135, 257, 259 
 
 119, 301 
 
 217 
 
 296, 298, 308 
 296. 298 
 5, 12, 149 
 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 NAME 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 CAPE GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS 
 
 AFRICA 
 
 123, 178 
 
 CARLISLE CITADEL STATION JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 299 
 
 CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY OF NEW JERSEY 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 12, 136 
 
 CENTRAL SOUTH AFRICAN RAILWAYS 
 
 AFRICA 
 
 123, 210, 229,271 
 
 CHESAPEAKE & OHIO RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 217, 257,259 
 
 CHESHIRE LINES RAILWAY JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 299 
 
 CHICAGO & ALTON RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 12, 14, 17 
 
 CHICAGO & EASTERN ILLINOIS RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 
 ' 
 
 12, 18, 257, 259 
 
 CHICAGO & NORTHWESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 
 < 
 
 12, 79, 136, 257 
 
 CHICAGO & WESTERN INDIANA RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 
 ' 
 
 257, 259 
 
 CHICAGO, BURLINGTON & QUINCY RAILWAY COMPANY... 
 
 
 ' 
 
 12, 50 
 
 CHICAGO, ROCK ISLAND & PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY.. 
 
 
 ' 
 
 258 
 
 CINCINNATI & MUSKINGUM VALLEY RAILROAD COMPANY- 
 
 
 ' 
 
 61, 142 
 
 CINCINNATI, HAMILTON <&, DAYTON RAILWAY COMPANY.. 
 
 
 • 
 
 12, 28, 217, 258 
 
 CINCINNATI, LEBANON & NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 
 ' 
 
 61, 142 
 
 CINCINNATI, NEW ORLEANS & TEXAS PACIFIC RY. CO 
 
 
 ' 
 
 12, 20 
 
 CLEATOR & WORKINGTON JUNC. RAILWAY COMPANY.... 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 298 
 
 CLEVELAND, AKRON & COLUMBUS RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 65 
 
 CLEVELAND, CINCINNATI, CHICAGO & ST. LOUIS RY. CO.. . . 
 
 " 
 
 258, 259 
 
 CLEVELAND, CIN., COLUMBUS & INDIANAP. R. R. CO 
 
 » 
 
 253 
 
 CLEVELAND TERMINAL & VALLEY RAILROAD COMPANY.. 
 
 " 
 
 12, 14, 48, 49, 54 
 
 CORK, BANDON & SOUTH COAST RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 IRELAND 
 
 296 
 
 CUMBERLAND VALLEY RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 12, 14,80 
 
 DELAWARE 4, HUDSON COMPANY 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 258 
 
 DELAWARE, LACKAWANNA & WESTERN RAILROAD CO 
 
 (12, 137, 217, 258, 
 1 259, 262, 281 
 
 DENVER & RIO GRANDE RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 217, 258, 259 
 
 DOVER & DEAL RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 299 
 
 DUBLIN, WICKLOW & WEXFORD RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 IRELAND 
 
 296, 298, 308 
 
 DULUTH & IRON RANGE RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 217 
 
 DULUTH, MISSABE & NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY.... 
 
 217, 258, 259 
 
 DULUTH, WATERTOWN & PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 " 
 
 247 
 
 DUMBARTON AND BALLOCH JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 SCOTLAND 
 
 299 
 
 DUNDEE AND ARBROATH JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 299 
 
 EAST & WEST JUNCTION RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 ASIA 
 
 296 
 
 EASTERN BENGAL STATE RAILWAY SYSTEM 
 
 119, 177, 226, 265 
 
 EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY OF MINNESOTA 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 247 
 
 
 
 
 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 NAME 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 EAST INDIAN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 EAST LONDON JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 EL PASO & NORTHEASTERN RAILWAY SYSTEM 
 ERIE RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 FURNESS RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 GEORGIA RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 GILA VALLEY, GLOBE & NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 GLASGOW & SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 GLASGOW, BARRHEAD & KILMARNOCK AND GLASGOW & 
 PAISLEY RAILWAYS JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 GRAND RAPIDS & INDIANA RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 GRAND TRUNK RAILWAY SYSTEM 
 
 GREAT CENTRAL RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 GREAT EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 GREAT INDIAN PENINSULA RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 GREAT NORTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 GREAT NORTH OF SCOTLAND RAILWAY COMPANY. . . 
 GREAT SOUTHERN & WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 GULF. COLORADO & SANTA FE RAILWAY COMPANY.. 
 
 HAMMERSMITH AND CITY RAILWAY JOINT COMMITTEE.. 
 
 HIGHLAND RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 HOUSTON & TEXAS CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 HULL, BARNSLEY & WEST RIDING JCT. RY. & DOCK CO 
 
 ILLINOIS CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 INDIANAPOLIS UNION RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 INTERCOLONIAL RAILWAY OF CANADA 
 
 INTERNATIONAL & GREAT NORTHERN RAILROAD CO 
 
 INTEROCEANIC RAILWAY OF MEXICO 
 
 IRISH RAILWAYS LONDON OFFICE COMMITTEE 
 
 ISLE OF MAN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 ASIA 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 SCOTLAND. 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 CANADA 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 ASIA 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 IRELAND 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 SCOTLAND 
 
 IRELAND 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 SCOTLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 ENGLAND 97, 298 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 CANADA 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 MEXICO 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 ISLE OF MAN ... 
 
 120, 227, 241 
 299 
 
 217 
 217 
 
 89, 185, 263, 298 
 
 282 
 217 
 296, 298, 308 
 
 299, 308 
 
 60, 142 
 
 5, 12, 82, 182 
 
 (90, 150, 186, 223, 
 \ 238, 264, 284, 298 
 f 92, 153, 186, 238, 
 I 267, 303, 308 
 1 20, 228 
 
 /95, 187, 238, 267, 
 I 298, 308 
 298 
 
 245, 249 
 
 296, 298 
 
 296, 298 
 
 J96, 156, 190, 223, 
 I 238, 267, 298. 308 
 217,258 
 
 299 
 
 296, 298 
 
 12, 138, 258, 259 
 
 { 248, 258, 259 
 217 
 
 5, 12, 14, 85, 150 
 
 217,258 
 
 5, 221 
 
 299 
 
 296 
 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 NAME 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 KANSAS CITY SOUTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 LAKE SHORE & MICHIGAN SOUTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 LANCASHIRE & YORKSHIRE RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 LANCASHIRE, DERBYSHIRE & EAST COAST RAILWAY 
 
 LEHIGH VALLEY RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 LIVERPOOL & MANCHESTER RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 LONDON & NORTH WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 LONDON & NORTH WESTERN AND GREAT WESTERN JOINT} 
 RAILWAY COMMITTEE > 
 
 LONDON & SOUTH WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 LONDON, BRIGHTON & SOUTH COAST RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 LONDON, CHATHAM & DOVER RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 LONDON, TILBURY & SOUTH END RAILWAY COMPANY.... 
 
 LONG ISLAND RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 MACCLESFIELD RAILWAY JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 MAINE CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 MANCHESTER & MILFORD RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 MANCHESTER, SOUTH JC. & ALTRINCHAM RAILWAY CO. . 
 
 MARYPORT & CARLISLE RAILWAY CO 
 
 MERSEY RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 METROPOLITAN AND METROPOLITAN DISTRICT (CITY I 
 LINES) JOINT COMMITTEE ) 
 
 METROPOLITAN DISTRICT RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 METROPOLITAN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 MEXICAN CENTRAL RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 MEXICAN INTERNATIONAL RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 MIDLAND & GREAT NORTHERN JOINT RAILWAY) 
 COMMITTEE > 
 
 MIDLAND & SOUTH WESTERN JUNCTION RAILWAY CO.. . . 
 
 MIDLAND GREAT WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 MIDLAND RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 MISSOURI, KANSAS & TEXAS RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 MISSOURI PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 MONTANA CENTRAL RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 UNITED STATES. 217 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 217 
 
 (97, 195, 239, 267, 
 t 298, 308 
 
 195, 298 
 12, 55 
 
 355 
 101, 160, 197, 224, 
 239.264,267,268, 
 277. 285, 298, 304 
 
 299 
 
 f 173, 200, 240, 298, 
 I 308 
 
 296, 298, 308 
 
 298 
 
 296, 298 
 
 12, 14, 57, 258, 259 
 
 ENGLAND 299 
 
 UNITED STATES. 12, 80, 258, 259 
 
 ENGLAND 308 
 
 298 
 
 MEXICO. 
 
 298 
 299 
 
 299 
 
 299, 308 
 296, 299, 308 
 5, 221, 260, 262 
 5, 221 , 263 
 
 ENGLAND 299 
 
 296 
 
 IRELAND 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 296, 299, 308 
 
 (110, 202, 267, 299, 
 1 308 
 
 217, 258, 259 
 
 (217, 218, 258, 259, 
 I 261,262 
 
 247 
 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 NAME 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 NATAL GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS AFRICA 
 
 NATIONAL LINES OF MEXICO MEXICO 
 
 NATIONAL RAILROAD COMPANY OF MEXICO [ 
 
 NEATH &. BRECON RAILWAY COMPANY | ENGLAND 
 
 NEW ORLEANS & NORTHEASTERN RAILROAD COMPANY . . UNITED STATES. 
 
 NEWPORT & CINCINNATI BRIDGE CO 
 
 NEW SOUTH WALES GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS | AUSTRALASIA . . . 
 
 NEW YORK CENTRAL & HUDSON RIVER RAILROAD CO.... UNITED STATES. 
 NEW YORK, NEW HAVEN & HARTFORD RAILROAD CO.. 
 NEW YORK, ONTARIO & WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY . 
 NORFOLK & WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 NORTH & SOUTH WESTERN JUNCTION RAILWAY JOINT! 
 COMMITTEE > 
 
 NORTH BRITISH RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 NORTH EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 NORTHERN CENTRAL RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 NORTHERN COUNTIES COMMITTEE (MIDLAND RAILWAY). . 
 
 NORTHERN PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 NORTH LONDON RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 NORTH SHORE RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 OAHU RAILWAY & LAND COMPANY 
 
 OLDHAM, ASHTON & GUIDE BRIDGE JUNCTION RAILWAY) 
 JOINT COMMITTEE > 
 
 OREGON RAILROAD & NAVIGATION COMPANY 
 
 OREGON SHORT LINE RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 OUDH & ROHILKHAND RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 PANAMA RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA COMPANY 
 
 PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 PENNSYLVANIA RAILROAD SYSTEM.. 
 
 PERTH GENERAL STATION JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 PHILADELPHIA & CAMDEN FERRY COMPANY 
 
 PHILADELPHIA &. READING RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE & WASHINGTON R. R. CO. 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 SCOTLAND 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 ENGLAND 
 
 PAGE 
 
 HAWAII 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 ASIA. 
 
 PANAMA 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 M24, 211, 230, 241. 
 
 5, 221 , 260, 263 
 
 5. 221. 222 
 
 296 
 
 258 
 
 61 
 
 178, 213, 273 
 
 f 12. 140, 263, 268, 
 I 259, 261, 262 
 
 258, 259 
 
 258, 259 
 
 12, 22, 217, 258, 259, 
 
 299 
 
 f 112, 176, 205. 240, 
 1 267 
 
 f 116, 176. 208, 240, 
 t 267, 308 
 
 60. 142 
 
 299 
 
 217 
 
 296, 299, 308 
 
 217 
 
 296, 299, 308 
 
 223 
 
 299 
 
 12, 140.217 
 12, 141, 217 
 121.177.229 
 
 222. 263 
 
 60. 142 235 
 
 1, 31, 60, 81. 142, 
 
 179,218,233,254. 
 
 257, 261. 262, 282 
 
 12, 14, 60,81, 141, 
 
 179,218,233,254, 
 
 268, 260, 261 , 356 
 
 299 
 
 14, 142 
 
 f 12, 72, 146. 218, 
 \ 258, 259 
 
 60, 142 
 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 NAME 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 PITTSBURGH A LAKE ERIE RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 PITTSBURGH, CINCINNATI. CHICAGO & ST. LOUIS RY. CO. 
 
 PLANT SYSTEM 
 
 PORTLAND & RUMFORD FALLS RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 PORTPATRICK AND WIGTOWNSHIRE JOINT COMMITTEE.. 
 
 OUINCY, OMAHA & KANSAS CITY RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 RAILWAY CLEARING COMMITTEE 
 
 RAILWAY CLEARING COMMITTEE 
 
 RAILWAY COMPANIES ASSOCIATION 
 
 RHONDDA & SWANSEA BAY RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 RHYMNEY RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 RIO GRANDE, SIERRA MADRE & PACIFIC RAILROAD CO 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 ST. JOSEPH & GRAND ISLAND RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 ST. LOUIS & SAN FRANCISCO RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 ST. LOUIS SOUTHWESTERN RAILWAY SYSTEM 
 
 SAN ANTONIO & ARANSAS PASS RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 SHEFFIELD & MIDLAND RAILWAY JOINT COMMITTEE. 
 SOMERSET & DORSET RAILWAY JOINT COMMITTEE... 
 
 SOUTH EASTERN AND LONDON, CHATHAM & DOVER 1 
 (DOVER & DEAL RAILWAY) JOINT COMMITTEE » 
 
 SOUTH EASTERN AND LONDON, CHATHAM & DOVER 1 
 RAILWAYS MANAGING COMMITTEE > 
 
 SOUTH EASTERN & CHATHAM RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 SOUTH EASTERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 SOUTHERN MAHRATTA RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY (PACIFIC SYSTEM) 
 
 SOUTHERN PACIFIC COMPANY (SUNSET ROUTE) 
 
 SOUTHERN RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 TAFF VALE RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 TASMANIAN GOVERNMENT RAILWAYS 
 
 TERRE HAUTE &. LOGANSPORT RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 TEXAS & NEW ORLEANS RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 IRELAND 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 WALES 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 ENGLAND. 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 ASIA 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 WALES 
 
 AUSTRALASIA. 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 258, 259 
 
 60,142 
 
 34 
 
 12,24 
 
 299 
 
 12, 14,82, 218 
 
 298 
 
 299 
 
 299 
 
 299 
 
 296, 299 
 
 218 
 
 218 
 
 218, 258, 259 
 
 218. 258, 259 
 
 12, 147, 218 
 
 299 
 
 299 
 
 299 
 
 299 
 
 296 
 299 
 218 
 
 121, 271 
 
 J 12, 147, 215, 218, 
 1 258 
 
 (12, 147, 218, 258, 
 I 259 
 
 218, 258, 259 
 
 116, 176, 240, 299 
 1 26, 300, 302 
 61, 142 
 148 
 
 , 
 
 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 NAME 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 TEXAS <L PACIFIC RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 TEXAS CENTRAL RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 TEXAS MIDLAND RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 TOLEDO. ST. LOUIS & WESTERN RAILROAD COMPANY. 
 
 UGANDA (MOMBASA-VICTORIA) RAILWAY COMPANY. 
 
 UNION PACIFIC RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 UNION RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 VANDERBILT SYSTEM. 
 
 STATES. 12, 24, 218. 258 
 218 
 218 
 218 
 
 AFRICA 231, 265 
 
 UNITED STATES. 12, 25. 149 
 281 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 140 
 
 WABASH RAILROAD COMPANY UNITED STATES. 218, 258, 259 
 
 I 
 
 WATERFORD, LIMERICK & WESTERN RAILWAY COMPANY. . IRELAND 308 
 
 WAYNESBURG <t WASHINGTON RAILROAD COMPANY UNITED STATES. 61, 142 
 
 WEST JERSEY & SEASHORE RAILROAD COMPANY 
 
 WEST LONDON EXTENSION RAILWAY JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 WHEELING TERMINAL RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 WHITECHAPEL & BOW RAILWAY JOINT COMMITTEE 
 
 WILLMAR & SIOUX FALLS RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 WISCONSIN CENTRAL RAILWAY COMPANY 
 
 B.— Express Companies 
 
 ADAMS EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 CANADIAN EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 DENVER & RIO GRANDE EXPRESS COMPANY... 
 
 DOMINION EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 GREAT NORTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 LONG ISLAND EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 NATIONAL EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 NORTHERN PACIFIC EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 PACIFIC EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 SOUTHERN EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 UNITED STATES EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 60. 142 
 
 ENGLAND 299 
 
 UNITED STATES. 61, 142 
 
 ENGLAND 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 CANADA 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 CANADA 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 299 
 247 
 268 
 
 J318, 337, 338,342, 
 
 I 343 
 
 J 31 8, 327, 337,338, 
 
 t 342 
 
 318, 335, 337 
 
 317 
 
 318, 337, 342 
 
 317 
 
 317 
 
 318 
 
 317 
 
 318,327, 332,337 
 
 318, 327, 337. 340 
 
 318. 328,337 
 
ALPHABETICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 NAME 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 WELLS FARGO & COMPANY EXPRESS 
 
 WESTERN EXPRESS COMPANY 
 
 WEST JERSEY EXPRESS COMPANY. . . . 
 
 C— Sleeping Car Companies 
 
 PULLMAN COMPANY 
 
 PULLMAN PALACE CAR COMPANY 
 
 WAGNER PALACE CAR COMPANY 
 
 UNITED STATES. 
 
 UNITED STATES 
 
 (318, 335, 337,340, 
 1 343 
 
 318, 332 
 317 
 
 315,316 
 
 315 
 
 315 
 
TOPICAL INDEX 
 
 Presenting, for Convenience of Reference, certain Auxiliary 
 Features not embraced in General Indices 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Accrington and District Goods Guards and) 
 Shunters' Friendly Society ) 
 
 Adams Express Company Employes' Benefit As- 
 sociation of New York City 
 
 African Railway, First 
 
 Amalgamated Society of Railway Servants of 
 England, Ireland, Scotland and Wales. 
 
 Ambulance Association 
 
 Ambulance Class 
 
 Andrew Carnegie Relief Fund 
 
 Application for Insurance (Chicago & Eastern) 
 Illinois Railroad), Form of ) 
 
 Associated Society of Locomotive Engineers) 
 and Firemen j 
 
 Association of Railway Enginemen and Firemen") 
 Inchicore Friendly Society j 
 
 Athletic Club (Crewe), London & North Western") 
 Railway ) 
 
 Athletic Club (London), London & North West-} 
 ern Railway J 
 
 Average span of life in United Kingdom 
 
 IB 
 
 Back payments, Nature of 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad Circulating Library 
 
 Beaver Falls Mills 
 
 Belfast & County Down Railway Servants'") 
 Provident Society j 
 
 England 
 
 United States 
 
 Africa 
 
 England 
 
 u 
 
 United States 
 England 
 
 u 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 England 
 
 United States 
 
 u 
 
 Ireland 
 
 308 
 
 324 
 241 
 311 
 
 293 
 
 225, 306 
 30, 135, 279 
 
 19 
 312 
 308 
 305 
 
 304 
 106 
 
 154 
 
 261, 262 
 281 
 
 308 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 Belfast & Northern Counties Railway Provident 
 Society 
 
 Belfast & Northern Counties Railway Work- 
 men's Pension Fund 
 
 Bradford & District Railway Servants' Coal Sup-| 
 ply Association > 
 
 Bridgemen, Brotherhood of Railroad 
 
 British India, Money of 
 
 British Railway Pension Scheme, Character-j 
 istics of > 
 
 Brotherhood of Locomotive Firemen 
 
 Brotherhood of Railroad Bridgemen 
 
 Brotherhood of Railway Carmen of America 
 
 Brotherhood of Railway Trackmen of America.... 
 
 Brotherhood of Railroad Trainmen 
 
 Brotherhood Women's Auxiliaries - 
 
 Building Societies of Railway Workers in Great) 
 Britain -> 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 England. 
 
 United States. 
 Asia 
 
 England 
 
 United States. 
 
 England. 
 
 C 
 
 Caledonian Railway Engine Drivers and Fire- 
 men's Life Assurance Friendly Society 
 
 Caledonian Railway Servants' Friendly Society... 
 
 Canadian Expressmen's Mutual Benefit Asso- - ! 
 ciation > 
 
 Canadian results 
 
 Carmen of America, Brotherhood of Railway 
 
 Carnegie, Andrew, Relief Fund — 
 
 Carnegie Company, Constituent members of 
 
 Carnegie Natural Gas Company 
 
 Carnegie Steel Company 
 
 Casualty Fund, Railway Benevolent Institution. 
 
 Central South African Railways, Management of.. 
 
 PAGE 
 
 308 
 308 
 
 250 
 
 311 
 271 
 
 150 
 
 309 
 311 
 310 
 310 
 310 
 311 
 
 277 
 
 Scotland 
 
 u 
 
 Canada ~ 
 
 General 
 
 United States 
 
 England. 
 Africa 
 
 308 
 
 308 
 
 336 
 
 5 
 
 310 
 
 30, 135,279 
 
 280 
 
 280 
 
 280 
 
 295 
 
 210 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Certificate, Co-operative Investment (Great 
 
 Northern Railway), Form of J 
 
 Certificate of Insurance (Chicago & Eastern) 
 
 Illinois Railroad), Form of „j 
 
 Chester Railway Servants' Sick and Burial Ton-) 
 
 tine Society > 
 
 Chicago Expressmen's Relief Association 
 
 Classification of Railway Mail Service 
 
 Classification of Railway Provident Undertakings 
 
 Clerks' Aid Society, Pennsylvania Railroad. 
 
 Clubs and Dining Rooms, Railway _ 
 
 "Company Relief" (Pennsylvania System),") 
 
 Nature of J 
 
 Conductors of America, Order of Railway 
 
 Co-operative Institutions of Railway Workers) 
 
 of Great Britain.. i 
 
 Co-operative Investment Certificate (Great) 
 
 Northern Railway), Form of.. ) 
 
 Co-operative Stock Purchasing Schemes in} 
 
 United States, Statistics for..... J 
 
 Correspondence (Interchanged), Table of results) 
 
 from... -> 
 
 Crewe Mechanics' Institution (London & North) 
 
 Western Railway) 
 
 Derby Locomotive Friendly Society 
 
 Dining-Rooms and Clubs, Railway 
 
 Dormitories and Rest-Rooms, Railway 
 
 Dublin, Wicklow & Wexford Railway Friendly 
 Society 
 
 United States. 
 
 England 
 
 United States.. 
 
 a 
 
 General 
 
 United States.. 
 England 
 
 United States. . 
 
 a 
 
 England 
 
 United States.. 
 
 General. 
 
 England. 
 
 England. 
 
 Ireland. 
 
 247 
 
 19 
 
 308 
 
 331 
 
 345 
 
 6 
 
 81 
 
 307 
 
 67 
 
 309 
 
 250 
 
 247 
 
 249 
 
 3 
 
 268 
 
 308 
 307 
 303 
 
 308 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Karlestown Viaduct Institute (London & North) 
 Western Railway) i 
 
 Edgar (J.) Thomson Home for Orphans, Penn- 
 sylvania Railroad - 
 
 Edward Ross Memorial Fund 
 
 Emergency Box, Hospital Service 
 
 Employes' (The Great Northern) Investment) 
 Association, Limited ) 
 
 Employes' Relief Association, Baltimore & Ohio") 
 Railroad —J 
 
 Employers' Liability Act 
 
 Endowment Insurance, Definition of... 
 
 Engineers, Locomotive, Grand International) 
 Brotherhood of i 
 
 Express Companies (Mileage and Employes),"! 
 Statistics for J 
 
 Express Companies' Insurance Tables — Adams) 
 Express Company i 
 
 Express Company, Foundation of 
 
 Expressmen's Aid Society 
 
 Expressmen's Mutual Benefit Association..... 
 
 Eurasian, Definition of term 
 
 IF 
 
 Firemen, Locomotive, Brotherhood of 
 
 First African Railway 
 
 First-Aid Packet, Hospital Service 
 
 First Railway Hospital Department 
 
 Form of Application (Insurance), Chicago &) 
 
 Eastern Illinois Railroad.... j 
 
 Form of Certificate (Insurance), Chicago & East-) 
 
 ern Illinois Railroad , j 
 
 Form of Co-operative Investment Certificate) 
 
 (Great Northern Railway) ...J 
 
 Frick, H. C, Coke Company.. 
 
 Friendly Societies 
 
 England. 
 
 United States.. 
 
 England 
 
 United States.. 
 
 England 
 
 United States. 
 
 Canada 
 
 United States. 
 
 Asia. 
 
 United States. 
 
 Africa 
 
 United States- 
 
 England. 
 
 268 
 
 282 
 
 285 
 220 
 
 245 
 
 40 
 
 102, 118 
 283 
 
 309 
 
 -337 
 
 319, 321, 323 
 
 317 
 323 
 319 
 120 
 
 309 
 241 
 219 
 215 
 
 19 
 19 
 
 247 
 
 2S0 
 118,307,308 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 >\ England. 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 Q- 
 
 Gateshead and District Engine Drivers, Firemen 
 and Cleaners' Friendly Society 
 
 General Railway Workers' Union 
 
 Glasgow and Paisley and Glasgow and Kilmar- 
 nock Joint Lines Servants' Friendly Society... 
 
 Glasgow & South Western Railway Friendly 
 Society 
 
 Glasgow & South Western Railway Locomotive 
 Friendly Society 
 
 Government Savings Bank, Natal.. 
 
 Grand International Brotherhood of Locomotive 
 Engineers. 
 
 Great Eastern Railway Provident Society 
 
 Great Northern Employes' Investment Associa-) I __ . 
 
 ..... v United States 
 
 tion, Limited _ _ J 
 
 Great Northern Railway Locomotive Sick Society England 
 
 Great Western Railway Enginemen and Fire-] I 
 
 men's Mutual Assurance, Sick and Superan 
 
 nuation Society 
 
 Great Western Railway Locomotive and Car 
 
 riage Department Sick Fund _. 
 
 Great Western Railway Provident Society 
 
 Africa... 
 
 United States. 
 England 
 
 EC 
 
 Health Farms, Y. M. C. A. Railroad Branches 
 
 Hospital Department, First Railway. 
 
 Hospital Service, "Emergency Box" 
 
 "First-Aid Packet" 
 
 List of Railways reporting on.... 
 
 Medical Staff of 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad, special. . 
 
 1903, Pennsylvania Railroad) 
 System, Statistics for J 
 
 Statistics for 
 
 Stretcher Service 
 
 Hull Railway Benefit Society 
 
 United States.. 
 
 England. 
 
 308 
 312 
 308 
 
 308 
 
 308 
 241 
 309 
 308 
 245 
 308 
 
 308 
 
 308 
 
 308 
 
 257 
 215 
 220 
 219 
 217 
 215 
 218 
 
 220 
 
 218 
 220 
 
 308 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Illinois Central Railroad Capital Stock Purchas-") 
 
 ing Scheme J 
 
 India, British, Money of _ 
 
 Insurance Tables: 
 
 United States. 
 
 Ann Arbor Railroad..— 
 
 Atlantic Coast Line Railroad 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 
 
 Chicago, Burlington & Quincy Railroad 
 
 Cincinnati, Hamilton & Dayton Railway 
 
 Long Island Railroad 
 
 Norfolk & Western Railway 
 
 Pennsylvania System East and West of] 
 
 Pittsburgh J 
 
 Pennsylvania System East of Pittsburgh 
 
 Philadelphia & Reading Railway 
 
 Canada. 
 
 Grand Trunk Railway 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Great Central Railway ! 
 
 Great Northern Railway 
 
 Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway 
 
 London & North Western Railway 
 
 United States. 
 Asia 
 
 United States. 
 
 Midland Railway 
 
 North British Railway..... 
 
 Taff Vale Railway.... 
 
 Africa. 
 
 Natal Government Railways.. 
 
 Investment Association, Limited (The Great) 
 
 Northern Employes') i 
 
 Irish Railway Clearing House Provident Society... 
 
 Canada 
 
 England 
 
 « 
 
 a 
 
 a 
 u 
 
 Scotland 
 
 England 
 
 Africa 
 
 United States.. 
 Ireland..... 
 
 248 
 271 
 
 26 
 36 
 43 
 51 
 29 
 58 
 23 
 
 65 
 
 66 
 73 
 
 84 
 
 91 
 
 95 
 
 98, 99 
 
 (102, 103, 105, 
 1 107 
 
 110 
 
 113, 114 
 
 117 
 
 124 
 245 
 308 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 J. Edgar Thomson Home for Orphans, Pennsyl-) 
 vania Railroad J 
 
 k: 
 
 Keystone Bridge Works. 
 
 Lake Superior Iron Company 
 
 Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway Permanent | 
 Way Friendly Society _ J 
 
 Leave Provision, British Colonial Railways J 
 
 Leeds Railway Servants' Mutual Coal Supply) 
 
 Association.. j 
 
 Libraries and Reading- Rooms, Railway, in) 
 
 United States, Statistics for j 
 
 Library and Literary Association (London &") 
 
 North Western Railway) j 
 
 Library, Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railway) 
 
 (proper) J 
 
 Library, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 
 
 " Central South African Railways..... 
 
 Eastern Bengal State Railway.. 
 
 Furness Railway 
 
 Great Central Railway 
 
 Great Eastern Railway 
 
 Great Northern Railway _ 
 
 Great Western Railway 
 
 Lancashire & Yorkshire Railway 
 
 London & North Western Railway 
 
 Mexican Central Railway 
 
 " Midland Railway 
 
 Missouri Pacific Railway.... 
 
 Natal Government Railwavs 
 
 United States.. 
 
 United States. 
 
 United States 
 
 England 
 
 Asia 
 
 Australasia.... 
 
 England 
 
 United States 
 England 
 
 United States 
 
 u 
 
 Africa... 
 
 Asia 
 
 England 
 
 a 
 a 
 u 
 u 
 it 
 a 
 
 Mexico 
 
 England 
 
 United States 
 Africa 
 
 282 
 
 281 
 
 280 
 
 308 
 
 301 
 300 
 
 251 
 
 261, 262 
 269 
 
 262 
 
 261, 262 
 
 271 
 
 265 
 
 263 
 
 264 
 
 267 
 
 267 
 
 267 
 
 267 
 
 264, 267 
 
 262 
 
 267 
 
 261, 262 
 
 272 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Library, National Lines of Mexico 
 
 " New South Wales Government Railways 
 " New York Central & Hudson Riven 
 
 Railroad ) 
 
 North British Railway..... 
 
 " North Eastern Railway 
 
 " Panama Railway 
 
 " Pennsylvania Railroad... 
 
 " Southern Mahratta Railway 
 
 " Wells, Fargo & Company (Express) 
 
 List of Provident Undertakings obtaining with] 
 
 Railways ) 
 
 Literary Institutes, Railway, Great Britain,] 
 
 Characteristics of J 
 
 Liverpool Dock Railway and General Work- 
 men's Tontine Society 
 
 Liverpool Railway Permanent Benefit Building 
 
 Society 
 
 Loan Feature, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad 
 
 Loan Feature, Baltimore & Ohio Railroad, Sta-) 
 
 tistics for J 
 
 Locomotive Engineers, Grand International") 
 
 Brotherhood of j 
 
 Locomotive Firemen, Brotherhood of 
 
 London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Provi- 1 
 
 dent Society.... j 
 
 London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Ser-| 
 
 vants' Benevolent Fund j 
 
 London, Brighton & South Coast Railway Sta-i 
 tion Masters and Inspectors' Mutual Aid So- !• 
 
 ciety J 
 
 London & North Western Railway Insurance] 
 
 Society j 
 
 London & North Western Railway Insurance 
 
 Society (Running Department)... 
 
 London & North Western Railway Locomotive] 
 Foremen's Pension Fund j 
 
 Mexico. 
 
 Australasia 
 
 United States 
 
 Scotland 
 
 England 
 
 Panama 
 
 United States 
 
 Asia 
 
 United States 
 
 General 
 
 England 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 United States 
 
 England. 
 
 263 
 273 
 
 261, 262 
 
 267 
 
 267 
 
 263 
 
 261, 262 
 
 271 
 
 343 
 
 6 
 
 267 
 
 308 
 
 277 
 275 
 
 277 
 
 309 
 309 
 
 308 
 
 308 
 
 308 
 
 101 
 106 
 169 
 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 London & North Western Railway Locomotive} 
 
 Works Insurance Society ) 
 
 London & North Western Railway Provident) 
 
 and Pension Society. ) 
 
 London & North Western Railway Provident) 
 
 Society... J 
 
 London & North Western Railway Provident So-) 
 
 ciety for Providing Pensions for Widows and j- 
 
 Orphans of Members of the Salaried Staff J 
 
 London & North Western Railway Supplemental} 
 
 Pension Fund I 
 
 London & South Western Railway Friendly So-} 
 
 ciety... i 
 
 London & South Western Railway Guards' Mu-) 
 
 tual Benefit Fund. ) 
 
 London & South Western Railway New Provi-1 
 
 dent and Sick Benefit Society ) 
 
 London & South Western Railway Widows and} 
 
 Orphans' Benefit Society ..) 
 
 London & Suburban Railway Officials' Association 
 London City Missions 
 
 Manchester & District Railway Servants' Coal} 
 Supply Association ) 
 
 Manchester & Milford Railway Friendly Society.. . 
 
 Mechanics' Library, Altoona, Pa., Pennsylvania) 
 Railroad ._ j 
 
 Memorial Fund, Edward Ross 
 
 Meritorious Conduct Fund, Sir Edward Watkin ... 
 
 Merit System of Pullman Company 
 
 Metropolitan District Railway Mutual Provident) 
 Society i 
 
 Metropolitan Railway Mutual Provident Society. 
 
 Mexican results....". 
 
 England- 
 
 England ----- 
 
 a 
 
 United States 
 
 England 
 
 u 
 
 United States 
 England 
 
 u 
 
 General 
 
 PAGE 
 
 104 
 161 
 165 
 
 171 
 
 168 
 308 
 308 
 308 
 
 308 
 
 308 
 305 
 
 251 
 
 308 
 
 261, 262 
 
 284, 285 
 
 284 
 
 316 
 
 308 
 
 308 
 5 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Middlesborough Enginemen, Firemen and Clean-| 
 ers' Friendly Society f 
 
 Midland Great Western Railway (Ireland)] 
 Benefit Society J 
 
 Midland Great Western Railway (Ireland) En-] 
 ginemen and Firemen's Friendly Society.... J 
 
 Midland Railway Enginemen and Firemen's Life] 
 Assurance and Permanent Incapacitation [ 
 Fund ...J 
 
 Midland Railway Friendly Society... 
 
 Mileage of Railways in United States, 1903 
 
 Mingo Coal Company. 
 
 Missionary Work, Railway 
 
 Mission, Railway, London 
 
 Missions, London City 
 
 Money of British India 
 
 " " England, Table of 
 
 Moses Taylor Hospital, Buffalo, N. Y 
 
 " " " Scranton, Pa 
 
 Natal Government Savings Bank 
 
 National Association of Railway Postal Clerks 
 
 Newcastle and District Railwaymen's Friendly] 
 Society.. _ ) 
 
 New South Wales Government Railways, Man-] 
 agement of J 
 
 New Street Station (Birmingham) Railway In-] 
 stitute (London & North Western Railway) f 
 
 Northampton Railway Servants' Refreshment] 
 Society J 
 
 North Eastern Railway Central Station and Dis- 
 trict Railwaymen's Friendly Society 
 
 North Eastern Railway Passenger Signalmen's 
 Provident Society. 
 
 North Eastern Railway Provident Society 
 
 England 
 
 Ireland 
 
 u 
 
 England 
 
 a 
 
 United States.. 
 
 u 
 
 England 
 
 a 
 
 Asia _ 
 
 England 
 
 United States.. 
 
 Africa. 
 
 United States 
 
 England 
 
 Australasia .... 
 England 
 
 308 
 308 
 308 
 
 308 
 
 308 
 
 15 
 
 281 
 
 305 
 
 305 
 
 305 
 
 271 
 
 16 
 
 281 
 
 281 
 
 241 
 348 
 
 308 
 
 213 
 
 269 
 
 251 
 
 308 
 
 308 
 308 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 North Eastern United Railway Servants'Friendhn 
 Society ...J 
 
 North London Railway Provident Society 
 
 North of England Railway Servants' Provident) 
 Benefit Society j 
 
 North Staffordshire Railway Friendly Society 
 
 Northwestern Expressmen's Mutual Benefit As-} 
 sociation of St. Paul, Minn j 
 
 O 
 
 Oliver Iron Mining Company 
 
 Order of Railroad Telegraphers 
 
 Order of Railway Conductors of America 
 
 Order of subject treatment 
 
 Orphanage Societies 
 
 IE> 
 
 Palace or Sleeping Car, Origin of. 
 
 Pennsylvania Railroad System Expenditure for} 
 
 Provident Undertakings, 1903 j 
 
 Penn Yearly Beneficial Association (Pennsyl-) 
 
 vania Railroad). ) 
 
 Pension, Definition of term 
 
 Pension Department, Objects of 
 
 Pension Departments, Railway, Statistics for 
 
 Pension Schemes, Early 
 
 Pension Schemes of British Railways, Character- "> 
 
 istics of J 
 
 Pension Tables: 
 
 United States. 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad.. 
 
 England. 
 
 Great Central Railway 
 
 Great Eastern Railway 
 
 Great Western Railwav. 
 
 England 
 
 United States. 
 
 United States. 
 
 General... 
 England. 
 
 United States. 
 
 General 
 
 United States. 
 
 England. 
 
 308 
 308 
 308 
 308 
 332 
 
 280 
 
 310 
 
 309 
 
 10 
 
 306 
 
 315 
 357 
 
 82 
 
 130 
 129 
 132 
 129 
 
 150 
 
 134 
 
 152 
 
 153, 155 
 157, 159, 160 
 
TOPICAL INDEX-Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Pension Tables — Continued : 
 
 London & North Western Railwav. 
 
 London & South Western Railway 
 
 Pittsburg & Conneaut Dock Company 
 
 Pittsburg Limestone Company, Limited 
 
 Pittsburg Steamship Company 
 
 Plan of reporting adopted 
 
 Provident Clerks and General Accident Insur- 
 ance Company, Limited 
 
 Provident Clerks and General Mutual Life As-] 
 
 surance Society i 
 
 Provident Funds (British India), Nature of 
 
 Provident Undertakings obtaining with Rail-) 
 
 ways, Classification of J 
 
 "Public and Private Provision" Tables: 
 London & North Western Railway: 
 
 Railway Benevolent Institution 
 
 United Kingdom Railway Officers and) 
 
 Servants' Association ...J 
 
 Railway Guards' Universal Friendly So-] 
 ciety and Widows and Orphans' Fund J 
 
 Railway Benevolent Institution 
 
 Railway Clearing System Superannuation) 
 
 Fund Corporation. J 
 
 Pullman Company "Merit System" 
 
 a. 
 
 b. 
 
 c. 
 
 Railroad Telegraphers, Order of 
 
 Railroad Trainmen, Brotherhood of 
 
 Railway Benevolent Institution 
 
 Railroad Bridgemen, Brotherhood of.. 
 
 Railway Carmen of America, Brotherhood of 
 
 Railway Clearing House Clerks' Co-operative] 
 Supply Association J 
 
 England. 
 
 United States.. 
 
 General.. 
 England. 
 
 Asia 
 
 General. 
 
 England. 
 
 United States.. 
 
 United States. 
 
 u 
 
 England 
 
 United States. 
 
 England. 
 
 [161, 162, 163, 
 166,167,169, 
 [ 172 
 173, 174 
 281 
 280 
 281 
 10 
 
 97 
 
 97 
 
 118 
 
 6 
 
 287 
 288 
 
 291, 292 
 296 
 298 
 316 
 
 310 
 
 310 
 
 117, 286, 295 
 
 311 
 
 310 
 
 250 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Railway Clearing House, Great Britain, Origin of.. 
 Railway Clearing System Superannuation Fund) 
 
 Corporation J 
 
 Railway Conductors of America, Order of 
 
 Railway Expressmen's Benevolent Association) 
 
 of Milwaukee, Wis ) 
 
 Railway Guards' Universal Friendly Society"! 
 
 and Widows and Orphans' Fund J 
 
 Railway Mail Service, Classification of 
 
 Railway Management of Central South African) 
 
 Railways i 
 
 Railway Management of New South Wales) 
 
 Government Railways J 
 
 Railway Men's Friendly Society 
 
 Railway Mission 
 
 Railway Officers and Servants' Sick Society 
 
 Railway Permanent Benefit Building Society 
 
 Railway Provident Society 
 
 Railway Provident Undertakings, Classifica-1 
 
 tion of J 
 
 Railway Signalmen's United Aid and Sick Society 
 Railway Trackmen of America, Brotherhood of... 
 
 Railway Workmen's Coal Association 
 
 Reading Society of Railway Servants Sick] 
 
 Benefit and Burial Fund ) 
 
 Recreation Grounds 
 
 Regent Iron Company 
 
 Relief Department, Advantages offered by mem-") 
 
 bership in... J 
 
 Baltimore & Ohio Railroad) 
 
 Company, Origin of J 
 
 " Basis of stability of 
 
 Characteristics of 
 
 Expense Account, Pennsyl-) 
 vania Railroad i 
 
 England. 
 
 United States.. 
 
 England 
 
 United States. 
 
 Africa.... 
 
 Australasia 
 
 England 
 
 u 
 a 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 General 
 
 England 
 
 United States. 
 England 
 
 u 
 It 
 
 United States. 
 
 297 
 
 293, 297 
 309 
 333 
 
 289, 308 
 345. 
 
 210 
 
 213 
 
 308 
 305 
 308 
 277 
 308 
 
 308 
 310 
 251 
 
 308 
 
 304 
 280 
 
 71 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 31 
 
 71 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 ::} 
 
 Relief Department, Membership rights at law, in" 
 case of ' ' accident disable 
 ment" 
 
 " " Membership status in.. 
 
 " " Non-return of contributions by 
 Origin of 
 
 " " Pennsylvania Railroad Com-| 
 pany, Origin of J 
 
 " " Purpose of contributions to... 
 
 " " Terms used on account of] 
 retirement from service J 
 
 " " Voluntary membership 
 
 " " What acceptance of mem- 
 
 bership benefits involves 
 
 Relief Fund Account, Pennsylvania Railroad.. 
 
 Relief Fund Liability Account, Pennsylvania) 
 
 Railroad ...J 
 
 Relief Fund Surplus Account, Pennsylvania) 
 
 Railroad _ j 
 
 Relief Funds (Railway), United States, Statistics) 
 
 for...... } 
 
 Reporting plan adopted 
 
 Rest-Rooms and Dormitories 
 
 Results in Canada 
 
 Results in Mexico 
 
 Results in United States, Synopsis of 
 
 River Mersey Engine Drivers' Friendly Society.... 
 
 Ross, Edward, Memorial Fund. 
 
 Rugby and District Enginemen and Firemen 's| 
 
 Friendly Society j 
 
 Rupee, Value of... 
 
 S 
 
 St. John Ambulance Association 
 
 St. John's Orphanage, Philadelphia, Pa 
 
 Savings Fund, British Railway, Characteristics of 
 
 United States. 
 
 General 
 
 England 
 
 General 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 England 
 
 a 
 a 
 
 Asia 
 
 England 
 
 United States 
 England 
 
 33 
 
 32 
 33 
 31 
 
 31 
 
 33 
 
 38 
 
 32 
 
 38 
 
 70 
 
 71 
 
 71 
 
 77 
 
 10 
 303 
 
 5 
 5 
 
 4 
 308 
 
 285 
 
 308 
 271 
 
 225, 293 
 
 283 
 
 238 
 
TOPICAL INDEX-Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 Savings Fund, Pennsylvania System, Company) 
 
 responsibility i 
 
 Savings Fund, Pennsylvania System, Deposit) 
 
 procedure J 
 
 Savings Fund, Pennsylvania System, Maximum! 
 
 deposit.. J 
 
 Savings Fund, Pennsylvania System, Number of) 
 
 Depositaries ) 
 
 Savings Fund, Pennsylvania System, Number of) 
 
 Depositors J 
 
 Savings Fund, Pennsylvania System, Statistics for 
 Savings Fund, Pennsylvania System, With-) 
 
 drawal procedure f 
 
 Saving Funds, Railway, in Great Britain, Char-) 
 
 acteristics of J 
 
 Saving Funds, Railway, in United States, Sta-) 
 
 tistics for ) 
 
 Scope of Reportorial investigation.... 
 
 Scottish Engine Drivers and Firemen's Friendly "> 
 
 Society J 
 
 Scottish Railway Servants' Friendly Society.... 
 
 Share allotment basis (insurance) 
 
 Sir Edward Watkins Meritorious Conduct Fund ... 
 
 Sleeping or Palace Car, Origin of 
 
 Span (Average) of Life in United Kingdom 
 
 State Control of Railways in British India.... 
 
 Statistics for Express Companies (Mileage and) 
 
 Employes) J 
 
 Statistics for Hospital Service of Pennsylvania") 
 
 Railroad System ) 
 
 Statistics for Pennsylvania Railroad System) 
 
 Provident Undertakings, 1903 j 
 
 Statistics for Railway Co-operative Stock Pur-) 
 
 chasing Schemes in United States j 
 
 Statistics for Railway Hospital Service in United) 
 
 States J 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 United States.. 
 
 234 
 
 u 
 
 234 
 
 u 
 
 234 
 
 11 
 
 237 
 
 a 
 
 237 
 
 u 
 
 236 
 
 u 
 
 235 
 
 England 
 
 238 
 
 United States.. 
 
 237 
 
 General 
 
 1 
 
 Scotland. 
 
 308 
 
 u 
 
 308 
 
 it 
 
 115 
 
 England 
 
 284 
 
 United States.. 
 
 315 
 
 Great Britain... 
 
 106 
 
 Asia 
 
 120 
 
 United States.. 
 Canada 
 
 j-337 
 
 United States. . 
 
 220 
 
 u 
 
 357 
 
 a 
 
 249 
 
 a 
 
 218 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Statistics for Railway Loan Feature, Baltimore) 
 
 & Ohio Railroad J 
 
 Statistics for Railway Pension Departments in"» 
 
 United States J 
 
 Statistics for Railway Relief Funds in United) 
 
 States J 
 
 Statistics for Railway Saving Funds in United "» 
 
 States J 
 
 Statistics for Saving Funds of Pennsylvania) 
 
 Railroad System J 
 
 Statistics for Young Men's Christian Association) 
 
 Railroad Branches in United States i 
 
 Statistics for Young Men's Christian Association 
 
 Branches and Libraries and Reading-Rooms 
 
 of Pennsylvania Railroad System 
 
 Stoke-on-Trent and District Enginemen, Fire-) 
 
 men and Cleaners' Friendly Society..... J 
 
 Stretcher Service, Hospital Service _ 
 
 Subject treatment, Order of 
 
 Superannuation, Definition of term 
 
 Superannuation Fund of British Railways,) 
 
 Characteristics of J 
 
 Superannuation Fund, Pennsylvania Railroad) 
 
 Company J 
 
 Superannuation Tables : 
 
 Great Britain. 
 
 Furness Railway 
 
 Great Northern Railway 
 
 Great Western Railway 
 
 London & North Western Railway. 
 London & South Western Railway.. 
 
 Midland Railway 
 
 North British Railway 
 
 North Eastern Railway 
 
 United States. 
 
 England 
 
 United States 
 General 
 
 u 
 
 England 
 
 United States 
 
 277 
 
 132 
 
 77 
 
 237 
 
 236 
 
 258 
 
 260 
 
 308 
 
 220 
 
 10 
 
 183 
 
 183 
 179 
 
 England 
 
 186 
 
 u 
 
 189 
 
 u 
 
 |190, 192, 193, 
 I 194 
 198 
 
 a 
 
 u 
 
 201 
 203, 204 
 
 Scotland 
 
 206, 207 
 
 England 
 
 209 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 Superannuation Tables — Continued : 
 Africa. 
 
 Natal Government Railways 
 
 Switchmen's Union of North America. 
 Synopsis of results in United States 
 
 Table, Comparative, of American Roads report- 
 ing annual operative cost for Y. M. C. A. 
 Branches J 
 
 Table of American railroads conducting Insur-) 
 ance, Pension and Superannuation plans j 
 
 Table of English money 
 
 Table of persons employed in Transportation "» 
 and Commerce, all Countries, 1903 J 
 
 Table of results from interchanged correspondence 
 
 Table showing number of employes of all rail-) 
 roads in United States, 1903 j 
 
 Taylor, Moses, Hospital, Buffalo, N. Y 
 
 Scranton, Pa..._ 
 
 Telegraphers, Railroad, Order of 
 
 Terminal Reference Libraries, Wells Fargo &) 
 Company j 
 
 Term Policy (Chicago & Alton Railway), Nature of 
 
 Thomson, J. Edgar, Home for Orphans (Penn-) 
 sylvania Railroad) - i 
 
 Trackmen of America, Brotherhood of Railway... 
 
 Trade Unions of Railway Workers in United) 
 Kingdom J 
 
 Trainmen, Railroad, Brotherhood of 
 
 Trustees of J. Edgar Thomson Home for Orphans 
 
 TT 
 Undertakings, Railway Provident, Classification of 
 
 Union Supply Company - 
 
 United Kingdom, Average span of life in 
 
 Africa 
 
 United States. 
 General 
 
 United States.. 
 
 Canada... 
 England. 
 
 General.. 
 
 United States.. 
 
 Great Britain... 
 United States. . 
 
 General 
 
 United States.. 
 
 212 
 311 
 4 
 
 259 
 
 [-12, 13, 14 
 
 16 
 
 16 
 
 3 
 
 15 
 
 281 
 281 
 310 
 
 343 
 
 18 
 282 
 310 
 311 
 
 310 
 
 282 
 
 6 
 
 281 
 
 Great Britain...! 106 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 PAGE 
 
 United Kingdom Railway Temperance Union 
 
 United Kingdom Railway Temperance Union] 
 
 Provident and Benefit Fund I 
 
 United Kingdom Railway Officers and Servants'] 
 
 Association J 
 
 United States Express Company Employes'] 
 
 Benevolent Association of New York City, etc. ) 
 United States Express Company Employes' Mu-] 
 
 tual Relief Association of Philadelphia, Pa..__J 
 United States Railway Mail Service Mutual) 
 
 Benefit Association ) 
 
 United States, Synopsis of results in 
 
 W 
 
 Waterford, Limerick & Western Railway] 
 
 Friendly Society J 
 
 Watkins, Sir Edward, Meritorious Conduct Fund 
 
 Wells Fargo & Company (Express) Libraries. 
 
 Widows and Orphans' Funds 
 
 Widows' Pension Fund.. 
 
 Wigan Goods Guards' Friendly Society 
 
 Willesden Junction Railway Co-operative Insti-] 
 
 tute ) 
 
 Willesden Junction Railway Servants' Refresh] 
 
 ment Coffee Tavern f 
 
 Wives' Burial Fund 
 
 Wolverhampton Great Western Railway Loco-] 
 
 motive Permanent Sick and Burial Society... ( 
 Wolverton Science and Art Institute (London & 
 
 North Western Railway) 
 
 Women's Auxiliaries of Railway Brotherhoods.. 
 Workmen's Compensation Act, 1897 
 
 England. 
 
 United States. 
 
 General. 
 
 Ireland 
 
 England 
 
 United States 
 England 
 
 a 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 u 
 u 
 
 u 
 
 a 
 
 United States 
 England 
 
 270, 294 
 293 
 
 287, 308 
 
 329 
 
 330 
 
 346 
 
 4 
 
 308 
 
 284 
 343 
 306 
 178 
 308 
 
 250 
 
 251 
 111 
 308 
 
 268 
 
 311 
 118, 305 
 
TOPICAL INDEX— Continued. 
 
 FEATURE 
 
 COUNTRY 
 
 York North Eastern Railway Friendly Society... 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Building) 
 
 operations in 1903 J 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, First Rail-) 
 
 way Branch j 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, First Rail-) 
 
 way Branch Building ) 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Health Farms 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Interna- 
 tional Committee, Origin of 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Institution) 
 in America J 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, List of 
 Roads reporting on 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Origin of 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Pennsyl- 
 vania Railroad System relations with 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Pennsyl 
 vania Railroad System statistics 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Philadel-] 
 phia, Pa., Branch, Pennsylvania Railroad 
 Department 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Railroad) 
 Branch, Educational Courses j 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Railroad) 
 Branch, Management J 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Railroad) 
 Branch, Privileges and Features. J 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Statistics for. 
 
 Young Men's Christian Association, Table of 
 comparative statistics for American roads 
 
 England 
 
 United States. 
 
 jyl-) 
 
 General. 
 
 United States. 
 Canada 
 
 United States. 
 General 
 
 United States. 
 
 : f i 
 
 PAGE 
 
 308 
 253 
 
 253 
 
 254 
 257 
 256 
 
 1 253 
 
 257 
 253 
 254 
 
 260 
 
 254 
 
 254 
 
 255 
 
 254 
 
 258, 259 
 259 
 
GLOSSARY.* 
 
 (Presenting, for general convenience, certain foreign and other words and phrases, also 
 abbreviations, signs, and scientific terms, appearing in the publication.) 
 
 FOREIGN WORDS, ETC. 
 
 Bona fide (Latin): In good faith; actually; in reality. 
 
 Bonus (Latin): The portion of surplus capital distributed at certain periodical intervals among 
 the assurers is usually called a "bonus"; or of capital over and above what may be 
 necessary to satisfy forthcoming claims, expenses, management, etc. 
 
 Congres (French): Congress; an assembly of sovereigns or their deputies. 
 Corps (French): A body, a force (of persons). 
 
 Data (Latin): Allowed premises; known or admitted facts or truths. 
 Des or des (French) : Of the. 
 Duplex (Latin): Twofold; double. 
 
 Errata (Latin): Errors or misprints; table of errors or misprints. 
 
 Esprit de corps (French): Brotherhood; brotherly feeling; literally, the "spirit of the body." 
 
 Et cetera (Latin): And the rest; and so forth; abbreviated form, "etc."; sign, "&c." 
 
 Ex officio (Latin): By virtue of office; officially. 
 
 Facsimile (Latin) : A close imitation. 
 
 Fiscal: Belonging to the treasury. From the Latin "fiscus," the exchequer, public treasury. 
 
 Formula (Latin) : A prescribed form or rule. 
 
 Id est (Latin): That is; abbreviated form, "i. e." 
 
 Infra (Latin): Below; under. 
 
 Inter alia (Latin) : Among other things or matters. 
 
 Kilometer: 0.62136 mile. A French measure of 1,000 meters, a "meter" being equal to 39.371 
 
 inches English. 
 
 Maximum (Latin): The greatest (quantity or amount). 
 Minimum (Latin): The smallest (quantity or amount). 
 Memoranda (Latin): Memorandums; slips for verifying purposes. 
 
 Palais (French) : A palace. 
 
 "Palais des Congres" (French): Palace of the Congress. 
 
 Per (Latin) : By. 
 
 Per annum (Latin): By the year; yearly; annually; a year. 
 
 Per capita (Latin): By the head: individually. 
 
 Per centum (Latin): By the hundred; abbreviated form, "per cent."; sign, "%." 
 
 Per diem (Latin): Daily; every day; a day. 
 
 Per mensem (Latin): By the month; monthly. 
 
 Personnel (French): Body or staff (of persons). 
 
 Pro rata (Latin): In proportion; proportionally. 
 
 Proviso (Latin): A condition, stipulation, agreement, understanding. 
 
 Resume (French): A recapitulation; a summing up; a summary. 
 
FOREIGN WORDS, ETC.— Continued. 
 
 Socio (Latin) : I join, unite, associate. 
 
 Surplus: Compounded of two Latin words, "super," over or above, and "plus," more; meaning 
 what remains over after accomplishing a purpose or object. 
 
 Termini (Latin) : First and last stations; or principal stations. 
 
 Vice versa (Latin): The terms being reversed; reversely; the reverse. 
 
 Vide (Latin): See. 
 
 Vide infra (Latin) : See below; under. 
 
 Videlicet (Latin): Namely; to wit; that is to say; abbreviated form, "viz." 
 
 Vide supra (Latin): See above, before. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 Etc., or etc., or &c. (et cetera): And the rest; and so forth. 
 
 /. e. or i. e. (id est): That is. 
 
 P., or "p.": Page. 
 
 Pp., or "pp.": Pages. 
 
 Viz. (videlicet): Namely; to-wit; that is to say. 
 
 S. or s.: Shilling (English money). 
 
 D., or d.: Pence (English money). 
 
 SIGNS. 
 & : And. 
 
 &c, or etc. (et cetera): And the rest; and so forth. 
 X : Sign of multiplication; meaning "multiply by." 
 % : Per centum, or per cent.: By the hundred. 
 = : Sign of equality; equal to; same as. 
 
 * : Or little star (asterisk), used to refer to a note, or to an omission, 
 t : Or dagger, a mark of reference. 
 
 — : Or dash; a slight addition; additional incidental comment. 
 
 - : Or hyphen; a short line between the parts of a compound word; also between dates, as " 1903- 
 
 1904," or "1903-4," meaning "years 1903 and 1904, both inclusive." 
 £ : Pound (English money). 
 S®~ '. Index finger; so named because it is used as a pointer; a mark of reference. 
 
 SCIENTIFIC. 
 Anthropology: The natural history of the human species. 
 Antiseptic: A substance that prevents putrefaction. 
 Aurist: One who treats diseases of the ear. 
 
 Bacteriologist: One skilled in treatment of bacteria, or disease germs. 
 Compress: Folds of soft linen cloth, used to cover the dressings of wounds, etc., or to keep them 
 
 in their proper place and defend them from the air. 
 Dermatologist: One who treats diseases of the skin. 
 Neurologist: One who treats diseases of the nerves. 
 Oculist: One who treats diseases of the eye. 
 
 Pathology : That part of medicine which treats of the nature of diseases. 
 Prosthetic agencies: The artificial means or agencies for supplying any defect or lost part of the 
 
 human anatomy. 
 Sociology: The science which treats of men in social capacity, including politics, political 
 
 economy, and such subjects; social science. 
 Styptic: A substance which checks local bleeding. 
 Tourniquet: A bandage which may be tightened by a screw, used in surgery to produce pressure 
 
 on a blood-vessel, so as to restrain bleeding. 
 •From the standpoint of the "international" characteristics and relations with which this book is invested, 
 a glossary is, as a general proposition, highly necessary and practically indispensable. 
 
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