INDIAN NAMES IN 
 CONNECTICUT, 
 
 J. H. TRUMBULL.
 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
 X7 
 ; *> 
 
 ^ -2^? s-*-*^*? *^~ 
 
 (f
 
 INDIAN NAMES 
 
 OF PLACES ETC., IN AND ON THE BORDERS OF 
 
 CONNECTICUT: 
 
 WITH INTERPRETATIONS OF SOME OF THEM. 
 
 BY J. HAMMOND TRUMBULL. 
 
 HARTFORD: 
 
 1881.
 
 TWO HUNDRED AND FIFTY COPIES PRINTED. 
 
 PRESS OF THE CASE, LOCKWOOD & BRAINARD CO.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 In 1870 I published in the second volume of the Connecticut 
 Historical Society's Collections a paper on " The Composition of 
 Indian Geographical Names." That paper was originally designed 
 to serve as the preface to a list of Indian Names in Connecticut, 
 but, when revising the list for the press, it was found to be so 
 incomplete and unsatisfactory that I laid it aside until I could find 
 time to improve it. In the ten years' interval I have made con- 
 siderable additions to it and have corrected some of its mistakes ; 
 but the looked for leisure has not come, and I have been able to 
 do very little of the much that was needed. I have decided to 
 Qjj print a few copies of it as it is, and to leave to others the work of 
 gj correction and completion. 
 
 Under the circumstances no apology seems to be required for 
 the frequency of reference in the ensuing pages to the paper I 
 M have mentioned, or for repeating here some things that were said 
 Q in it, concerning the nature and structure of Indian place-names. 
 
 "John Stuart Mill defines a proper name as 'a mere mark put 
 upon an individual, and of which it is the characteristic property 
 to be destitute of meaning? If this definition be accepted, it 
 follows that there are no proper names in the Indian languages of 
 uj America. Every Indian synthesis names of persons and places 
 y not accepted must not only have a meaning, but be so framed as 
 co to convey that meaning with precision, to all who speak the 
 language to which it belongs : and whenever by phonetic corruption 
 or by change of circumstance it loses its self-interpreting or self- 
 defining power, it must be discarded from the language. 'It 
 requires,' says Professor Max Miiller, 'tradition, society, and 
 literature, to maintain forms which can no longer be analyzed at 
 once.' 
 
 "In our own language, such forms may hold their places by 
 prescriptive right or force of custom, and names that are absolutely 
 unmeaning, or applied without regard to their original meaning, 
 are accepted by common consent as distinguishing marks of
 
 IV INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 persons and places. We call a man William or Charles, Jones 
 or Brown, and a town, New Lebanon, Cincinnati, Baton Rouge, 
 Osceola, or Baltic, just as we put a number on a policeman's 
 badge or a post-office box, or a trade-mark on an article of 
 merchandise; and the number and the mark are as truly, and in 
 nearly the same sense, proper names as the others are. 
 
 "Not that personal or 'proper' names, in any language, were 
 originally mere arbitrary marks, devoid of meaning. The first 
 James or the first Brown could, doubtless, have given as good 
 a reason for his naming, as the first Abraham. But changes of 
 language and of relations, and lapse of. time, made the names 
 independent of the reasons and took from them their original 
 significance. Patrick is not now, eo nomine, a 'patrician'; Charles 
 is not always a ' churl ' ; Bridget may be neither ' strong ' nor 
 'bright ' ; and in the name of Mary, hallowed by its associations, 
 only the philologist can detect the primitive 'bitterness.' Boston 
 is no longer 'St. Botolph's town'; there is no 'castle of the 
 inhabitants of Hwiccia' (Hwic-wara-ceaster) to be seen in Worcester, 
 and Hartford has ceased to be either 'the ford of harts,' or 'the 
 red ford ' which its name once indicated. 
 
 " In the same way, many Indian geographical names, after their 
 adoption by the Anglo-American colonists, became unmeaning 
 sounds or mere vocal marks. Their original significance was lost 
 by their transfer to a foreign tongue. Nearly all such names have 
 suffered some mutilation or change of form. In many instances 
 hardly a trace of the original can be detected in the modern name. 
 Some have been separated from the localities to which they be- 
 longed and assigned to others to which they are etymologically 
 inappropriate. A mountain takes the name of a river ; a bay, 
 that of a cape or a peninsula ; a tract of land, that of a hill, or a 
 rock, or a waterfall. And so 'Connecticut,' 'Massachusetts,' and 
 ' Narraganset,' have come to be proper names, as truly as ' Boston ' 
 and ' Hartford ' are in their cis-Atlantic appropriation. 
 
 "The Indian languages tolerated no such 'mere marks.' Every 
 name described the locality to which it was affixed. This descrip- 
 tion was sometimes purely topographical; sometimes historical, 
 preserving the memory of a battle, or feast, the residence of a 
 great Sachem, or the like ; sometimes it indicated some natural 
 product of the place, or the animals that resorted to it ; occasion- 
 ally, its position, or direction from places previously known, or 
 from the territory of the tribe by which the name was given, as,
 
 INTRODUCTORY. V 
 
 for example, ' land on the other side of the river ' (Agamenticus), 
 'beyond the mountain' ( Housatonic), 'the east land' (Abnaki, 
 Wampanoag), 'the half way place ' (Nashaway), etc. The same 
 name might be, in fact it very often was, given to more places 
 than one ; but these must not be so near together that mistake or 
 doubt could be occasioned by the repetition. With this precau- 
 tion, there was no reason why there might not be as many 'great 
 rivers,' 'bends,' 'forks,' and 'waterfalls,' as there are Washingtons, 
 Franklins, Unions, and Fairplays, in the list of American post- 
 offices. 
 
 " With few exceptions, the structure of Algonkin place-names is 
 simple. Nearly all may be referred to one of three classes : 
 
 " i. Names composed of two elements, which we may distin- 
 guish as adjectival and substantival; with, or without, a locative 
 suffix or postposition meaning 'at,' 'in,' 'near,' or the like. 
 [I use the terms ' adjectival ' and ' substantival ' because no 
 true adjectives or substantives enter into the composition of 
 Algonkin names. The adjectival may be an adverb or a preposi- 
 tion : the substantival element is often a verbal, which serves 
 in composition as a generic name, but which cannot be used 
 as an independent word : the synthesis always retains a verbal 
 form.] 
 
 "2. Those which have only a single base-word, the substanti- 
 val, with a postposition. 
 
 "3. Those formed from verbs, as participiais or verbal nouns 
 denoting a place where the action of the verb is performed." 
 
 To the first-mentioned class belong, probably, nine-tenths of the 
 Indian names in New England. Two hundred years ago, when 
 the Mohegan and Narraganset and Massachusetts were living 
 languages, the meanings of most of these names could have been 
 easily enough ascertained h#d any one cared to undertake the 
 task : but now, for reasons I shall presently suggest, comparatively 
 few can be analyzed or interpreted, with certainty. 
 
 In and about the borders of Connecticut four or five distinct 
 Algonkin dialects were spoken, and each of these had its local 
 idioms. In the speech of the Pequot-Mohegans, in the south-east, 
 sonants and gutturals abounded. In the Narraganset and Niantic 
 dialects, the surd mutes, k, /, /, were more common than the 
 sonants, g, d, b, and nasals than gutturals. The Nipmucks, of the 
 north-east, substituted / for the Niantic and Mohegan n, and
 
 VI INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 generally made the final k of place-names sonant (aug, 0g, for auk, 
 ock, etc.). The tribes of the Connecticut valley preferred liquids 
 and semi-vowels to nasals, and some of their local idioms were 
 characterized by an occasional lisp, an original sibilant becoming 
 a spirant ///, sometimes passing to a soft lingual mute, t. In the 
 dialects of the Qttiripi (or Quinnipiac) Indians, near the Sound? 
 from New Haven to the western bounds of the colony, the 
 preference for liquid sounds was more strongly marked ; r took the 
 place of the eastern n or /, and there was a tendency to drop or 
 soften final consonants. 
 
 Differences of dialect were not merely phonetic, but extended 
 to the vocabulary, and especially to the names of animals and 
 vegetable productions which are often found as components of 
 place names. The Mohegans and Narragansets had different 
 names for the same birds, fish, and trees, as well as for the same 
 rivers, ponds, and hills. 
 
 To these differences, and to the fact that in their negotiations 
 with the Indians of one tribe, the colonists were very often 
 obliged to employ interpreters belonging to another or who were 
 more familiar with the dialect of another the marvellous corrup- 
 tions of place-names, in old records, is partly attributable. A 
 Mohegan name, taken down by an English scribe, as he had caught 
 it from a Quiripi interpreter, would be almost as effectually 
 disguised as is the French Dieu in the missionary-Iroquois "JViw." 
 
 Remembering how unsettled and capricious was English spell- 
 ing in the seventeenth century, how absolutely every clerk and 
 recorder was a law unto himself, and how often we find a common 
 English word spelled in three or four different ways by the same 
 writer and perhaps on the same page, in early colonial records, 
 uniformity in the spelling of Indian names was not to be expected. 
 The variations which some of these names present are almost 
 innumerable. Others have undergone complete transformation, 
 retaining scarcely a suggestion of their original sounds. The 
 strange sounds of a strange language were peculiarly subject to 
 the operation of two causes of phonetic change, error of the ear 
 (ptosis, as it has been termed,) a mis-hearing, or rather, mis-appre- 
 hension of the sounds uttered ; and the universal tendency "to make 
 the work of utterance easier to the speaker, to put a more facile 
 in the stead of a more difficult sound or combination of sounds," 
 and " to get rid altogether of irregular and exceptional forms."* 
 
 * Whitney's " Language and Study of Language," pp. 69, 28.
 
 INTRODUCTORY. Vll 
 
 Many examples of the metamorphosis of Indian place-names may 
 be found in the following pages : e. g. Kuppauke has become 
 " Cape Poge," and its equivalent in another dialect is "Quebec" ; 
 Nameock is " May Luck " ; Oggusse-paugsuck is shortened to 
 "Oxyboxy "; Nedstoquaheaganuck to " Eastcrig "; Tomheganompskut 
 to " Higganum "; Wonococomaug to " Congamuck "; Webompskat 
 to "Obscob"; Mashenupsuck to "Snipsic"; Wequapaugset to 
 " Boxet." 
 
 So, in Maine, Matche-baguatus (see p. 2) has been identified 
 with "Major Biguyduce"; in Maryland, Potopaco survives as 
 " Port Tobacco "; in Rhode Island, Wannemetonomy is reduced to 
 " Tommony " or " Tammany " hill, Papasquash becomes " Papoose 
 Squaw " point, and Musquataug passes through Musquetohaug to 
 the more familiar " Musqueto-hawk " brook. Of Quenechouan (or 
 Quinnitchuari), the designation of a ' long rapid ' near the entrance 
 of the Ottawa river, the French of Canada first made 'fifteen 
 dogs ' (quinze chiens), and then invented a story to account for the 
 name.* 
 
 The signification of many place-names is obscured by the loss 
 of one or more syllables or an initial consonant : as in " Toket " 
 for Totoket (see page 73), " Quaddic " for Pattaquottuck (p. 45), 
 "Catumb" for Ketumpscut (p. 16), "Paug" for Pishatipaug or 
 Pesuckapaug (p. 51), and for Neeshapaug (p. 38); "Wassuc" for 
 Assawassuc or Nashauasuck ; " Nunkertunk " for Wanungatuck 
 (p. 77); and "Titicut" (on Taunton river, in Massachusetts,) for 
 Kehteiktukqut, or Kettetukut. The sound of m or / before a 
 sibilant or mute was often lost to English ears : thus for M'squa- 
 micuk we have " Squomacuk "; .for Mashapaug, "Shepaug"; 
 for Pescatuk, "Scantic" and "Scittico"; for Pishgachtigok, "Scata- 
 cook " (p. 64), etc. Nearly as often, an initial n has been 
 dropped; e. g. "Ashawog," "Assawaug" (p. 5), "Shetucket," 
 " Shannock " and " Shunock " (p. 67). 
 
 The methods of Algonkin synthesis are so exactly prescribed, 
 that the omission or displacement of a consonant or (emphasized) 
 vocal, necessarily modifies the signification of the compound name, 
 and may often render its interpretation or analysis impossible. 
 Yet almost every term used in the composition of place-names 
 appears under many and widely-differing forms, in some of which 
 it becomes so effectually disguised as to defy recognition. 
 
 * See the Abbe Ferland's "Cours d'Histoire du Canada," vol. i. p. 163, n. 2.
 
 Vlll INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 In the following list of substantival and adjectival elements of 
 common occurrence in New England names, I have noted some 
 of the forms given them by early recorders or which they have 
 been made to assume by modern usage : 
 
 I. LAND NAMES. 
 
 AUKE; Mass. OHKE (Eliot), Dela. AKI, Moh. HKEY, Abn. KI : 
 signifying, land, ground, place (not limited or enclosed*), country, 
 etc. Characteristic, k. Found in place-names, as auke, aug, ag, 
 ac, ocke, ock, og, oc, uc, ague. 
 
 -KOMUK, place (limited, or enclosed); often for "house," "enclo- 
 sure ": var. comoc, commuck, gomuck, etc. 
 
 WADCHU, WAUCHU ; in composition, -ADCHU ; hill, mountain : 
 var. watchu, wachu, uatchu, achu, choo. 
 
 -ADENE (an inseparable generic), hill, mountain : var. ahdin, 
 adn, attiny. 
 
 -'TUGK (insep. generic) for m'tugk. wood, tree : var. tuck, timk, 
 tak. 
 
 -UNK (insep. gen.), a standing tree : var. onk. 
 
 -OMPSK (insep. gen.), a standing or upright rock : var. -obsk, 
 -mpsk, -msk, -msq, -ms, -psk, -pisk. 
 
 MUNNOH, MUNNOHAN, island : var. munna, manha, minna ; men- 
 han, munhan. Diminutive, MUNNOH-ES " little island ": var. 
 munnisses, manisses, etc.; Chippeway, minis. 
 
 NAIAG, a point of land : var. niack, nyack, nay aug, nawayack, 
 natank, noank; nahig, nanhig, narrag (as in " Narraganset "). 
 
 II. WATER NAMES. 
 
 PE (insep. gen.) for Mass. NIPPE; Narr. NIP; Moh. NUPP; Abn. 
 NEBI ; water : var. -pi, bi. 
 
 -PAUG (insep. gen. = -pe -+ auke " water-place "), water at rest, 
 pond, lake : var. -pog, -poge, -pogue, -pauk, -pawog, -baug, -bog, -pag, 
 -pague, -bogue. Dimin. -PAUG-^T " little pond," and with locative 
 suffix, -paug-es-et; var. -paugset, -pogset, -poxet, -boxet, -boxy (see 
 Oxopaugsuck, p. 42). 
 
 -PE-AUKE (Ab. BEKI) water-land, water-place ; var. -peag, -piak, 
 -piac, -bequi, -bee. See Quinnipiac ( Kennebec), p. 61. 
 
 NUPPIS, NIPS (= nip-es, dimin. of nippe,) little water, a small 
 pond or body of fresh water ; var. nawbes (see Nawbesetuck, p. 36). 
 
 SEPU, SEIP, a riveY ; strictly, a long river. Seldom used in 
 composition, and only as a base-word with adjectival prefix, as in
 
 INTRODUCTORY. IX 
 
 Missi-sipi ''great (long) river." Diminutive, sepu-es ; var. sepoese, 
 sepos, sebese, sebethe, etc. 
 
 -TUK (insep. gen.), a tidal or broad river, or estuary : var. -tick, 
 -tic. Dimin. -tuk-es, var. -tucks, -tux. 
 
 PAU N TUK, falls in a (tidal) river: var. pawtuck, powntuck, pooun- 
 tuck, patuck, etc. Dimin. pau"tuk-ese. See Pawtucket, Pautuxet. 
 
 SAUK, outlet of river or bcook ; stream flowing out of a pond or 
 lake ; var. -suck (see Ahyosupsuck, Mistucksuck, Oxopaugsuck, 
 MoshenupsucK), sauga (e. g. Saugatuck, Mississaugd), saco (as in 
 Saco, Massaco), sawco, sag (e. g. Saginaw), sague (in Saguenay), 
 seogee (in Winntpiseogee), etc. 
 
 -AMAUG, fishing-place : compare Abnaki ama"ga" " on peche 
 la" (Rasles); \?cc.-amag, -amock, -ameock, -ameugg, -amyock, (see 
 Nameock?) -amareck, -amelake, (see Namareck,} -amuck (see Couga- 
 muck,} etc.: occasionally corrupted to -amond (e. g. Quinsigamond, 
 Congamond). 
 
 ADJECTIVALS. 
 
 MISSI-, mishe-, massa-, great, big; var. massa- (see Massapaug, 
 Massachusetts), Mis- (e. g. mistick), mashe-, she- (e. g. Shepaug), se- 
 (e. g. Sebago), moshe-, mus- (as in Mussaco); rarely, matta-, matha- 
 (see Massachusetts). 
 
 KEHTI-, kehchi-, chief, principal, greatest: var. ket-, kit-, kut-, cot-, 
 cat- (e. g. Catumb), kt-, te- (as in Tetiquet, Titicut). 
 
 O<;<;UHSE-, ogkosse-, small, little; Chip, agass- ; Abn. tagassi-;^wc. 
 OXO-, oxy~, abscu-, (see Oxopaugsuck}. 
 
 QUINNI- (qunnih-, Eliot), Jong ; var. guiri-, quilli-, quan-, quon-, 
 conne- (e. g. Connecticut}. 
 
 QUNNUHQUI, tall : Quonacontaug (q. v.) otherwise written, Con- 
 aquotoag, probably took the name from some qunnuhqui- tugk 
 "tall tree," that served as a land mark. 
 
 ' WUNNI-, WINNI-, pleasing, favorable, good ; var. wirri-, wera-, 
 willi-, waure-, etc. 
 
 MATCHI-, mache-, unpleasant, unfavorable, bad : var. mat-, maut- 
 (see Matumpseck, Mautunsq). 
 
 CHEFI-, separated, apart: var. chippi-, c/iabe-, chappa-, chaub-. 
 
 PETUKQUI-, round : var. puttnckque-, ptukhi-, pawtuckq-, puttacaiu-, 
 pettiq- (as in Pettiquamscut, R. I.), pattag- (see PattaquonK), petuck- 
 qua- (see Petuckqucipaug). 
 
 WEPU, strait, narrow : var. wepo-, weepo- (see Wepowage), 
 weybo (e. g. Weybosset}, wopo-, wapwa-, etc.
 
 X INTRODUCTORY. 
 
 WEQUK-, wft/ua-, at the end of : var. weca- (e. g. Wecapaug), wico-, 
 ukiue-, aquee-, aqua-, etc. 
 
 NASHAUI,* midway, between : var. nashawe, nashaway, natchau-, 
 naush-; ashwa-, showa-, shaw-, shew-, she- (as in Shetucket). 
 
 ONGKOUE, beyond : var. uncoa, uticawa, uncoway, itnqna, etc. 
 
 OGKOMfc', Chip, agami, on the other side, over against : var. 
 accom- (e. g. Accomac), agame- (e. g. Agamenticus), etc. 
 
 POHQUE, clear, open : var. pohqua-, paiiqua-, paqua-, payqua-, 
 peqtia-, poqua-, poco-, pyqiia-, pnckwa-; pahcu-, pughquo, etc. 
 
 roH( x >u'ux, cleared, opened : va.\'.poquon- !> pocon-,paquan-, pequon-, 
 pecon-, etc. 
 
 POHQUETTAH-UN, broken up, cultivated : \?cc.poquetan-, paucutun-. 
 pogatan-, pocotan-, coddan- (see CoddanK), cuttyhun (in Cuttyhunk. 
 Mass.), cotting-, etc. 
 
 WONGUN, crooked, bent: var. wongum, wangom ; see Wongum- 
 baitg, Wonkemaug. 
 
 SONKI, cool (to the taste or touch) : var. soonka, sunki, saunqui, 
 songi, etc. : see Sunkipaug. 
 
 Names of animals, fishes, trees, grasses, esculent roots, etc., 
 occasionally served as adjectivals, before a substantive or an 
 inseparable-generic denoting place. Misquamicuk is 'salmon place;' 
 Quinamoge and Ouschankamaug (probably) were 'lamprey fishing- 
 places ; ' Tauba-konomok ' plenty lamprey fishing-place ; ' Cowwaus, 
 and Cowautacuck were 'pine lands,' and Cowassit 'small (or young) 
 pine land ; ' Mahantick was a ' spruce or cedar swamp ; ' Wecup- 
 pemee was named from the ' string bark ' or linden ; Wishquodiniack 
 seems to have been 'walnut-tree land ;' Abaquag, Appaquaog, and 
 Wabaquasset were ' places where flags grow ; ' etc. 
 
 The colonists often gave the name of a locality to the Indian 
 sachem or proprietor of it, and vice versa. Every such transfer is 
 a stumbling block to the interpreter. No one could be sure that 
 Powhatan meant "falls in a river " (paitat-hanne) if John Smith 
 and Strachey had omitted to tell us that "the great emperor" of 
 Virginia was called by that name from his birth-place " above the 
 falls, at the head of our river" (near Richmond), and that "his 
 proper right name was Wahunsenacawh." A Maine sagamore was 
 known to the English as Abigadasset which was the designation 
 of a locality on Merrymeeting Bay. In the following list, the 
 place-names Shepaug (great pond), Winnepaug (fine pond), Nonne- 
 wattg (dry land), Weraumaug (good fishing-place), Wecuppemee
 
 INTRODUCTORY. XI 
 
 (bass wood), and some others, were transferred by the English to 
 Indian proprietors or residents : and on the other hand, the per- 
 sonal names Cockeno, Compound, Konkapot, Mayanno (Mianits), 
 Montowese, Moosup, Nemo, Oneco, Wappoquian, and Waweekus, 
 have been appropriated to localities. 
 
 In addition to names of places within or adjacent to the present 
 bounds of Connecticut, I have included many that belong to that 
 part of Rhode Island that was formerly known as the Narraganset 
 Country, the jurisdiction to which was for a long time contested 
 by Connecticut. The original mortgages to and conveyances by 
 the Narraganset proprietors were recorded at Hartford, and various 
 reports, proceedings, etc., concerning the disputed territory, are 
 preserved in the Connecticut archives. These supply many Indian 
 names, in forms less corrupt than those which were given to them 
 by later recorders and, especially, in the documents from which Dr. 
 Parsons's list of Indian names in Rhode Island was compiled. 
 
 The following name, to which reference is made on page 17, was 
 accidentally omitted from its place : 
 
 Taubakonommok, Taba-conomock : a high hill, in the western part 
 of Waterford ; now, Konomuk. History of New London, 124. 
 Transferred from a stream which runs near it, or from some locality 
 near the head of Nianticbay; "where there are plenty of lam- 
 preys," tauba-qunnamaug. See Quinamoge, 
 
 J. H. T. 
 HARTFORD, April 30, 1881.
 
 Of the abbreviated references to authorities, in the following pages, only these 
 seem to need explanation : 
 
 Col. Rec. The Colonial Records of Connecticut, 1636-1689 : edited by J. H. 
 
 Trumbull. 3 vols. 
 Col. Rec. Lands, and C. R. L. ; Records of Lands (Deeds, Patents, etc.), in the 
 
 Secretary's office, Hartford : Vols. I. IV. 
 C. A. Connecticut Archives, arranged and bound; in the State Library. 
 
 These include documents relating to "Towns and Lands" (T. & L.), 
 
 Boundaries, Indians, etc. 
 N. H. Rec. New Haven Colonial Records, 1638-1665: edited by C. J. 
 
 Hoadly. 2 vols. 
 Moh. Case. The printed Case of the Moheagan Indians vs. The Governor and 
 
 Company of Connecticut, et al. (London, 1769). This contains, pp. 47-50, 
 
 Capt. John Chandler's Survey of the Moheagan Country, 1705, with a Map, 
 
 to which frequent reference has been made.
 
 INDIAN NAMES 
 
 OF PLACES, RIVERS, ETC., IN AND ON THE BORDERS OF 
 
 CONNECTICUT. 
 
 Abaq-uage, Ap'paquaog, -quag, (Nipm.) : "a flaggy 
 meadow ... on the n. w. corner of [old] Windham bounds." 
 Chandler, 1705. "Abaqnage pond." Col. Rec., iii. 202. At 
 or near " Grigg's Swamp," in s. e. corner of Eastford. Little 
 River, which rises near this swamp, was called Appaquag 
 river. The pond appears to have been one of the so. bounds 
 of the Wabaquasset country. The name signifies " a place 
 where flags grow," such as were used by the Indians for 
 mats and for covering their wigwams ; particularly the cat- 
 tail flag (Typha latifolia). [The root means 'to cover'; as in 
 Massachusetts appuhquan ' he covers it,' and abuhquosik ' a 
 covering'; Narr. abockquos ' a mat for covering the wigwam ;' 
 Chip. Apakzvei ' lodge mat.' Chip, and Ottawa pukwi ' cat- 
 tail flag' gives its name to Puckaway lake, on the route from 
 Green Bay to Wisconsin river. See Tanner's Narrative, 
 p. 55.] Appaquaog = appuhqui-auke, is ' lodge-covering place.' 
 Cf. Wabaquasset. 
 
 2. Upaquoag woods, in East Hartford, are marshy, and, 
 as a correspondent informs me, "in wet clearings are the 
 natural home of the cat-tail flag," whence the name. 
 
 3. Apoquage, now " Silver Lake," near the w. line of 
 Beekman township, Dutchess Co., N. Y. ; whence a tract of 
 land and a post-village take their modern name, Poughquag. 
 
 Abriga'da, Abrigador: a hill in Waterbury, about half 
 a mile s. e. of the centre of the town. "There is a cleft rock 
 on the s. w. side of the hill, which used to be called the
 
 Indian's House." (Orcutt's Hist, of Derby, xcvi.) Probably, 
 from Indian abigad, or abignat, 'covert,' 'shelter,' 'haven,' 
 ' hiding-place ; ' Mass, abo/iquo-s, obbohquos (Eliot), ' covert,' 
 ' tent,' etc. ; Abnaki a"bagaut-ek ' sheltered from' the sun, or 
 rain ; apakode ' covered.' The r is intrusive ; for no Indian 
 dialect admits the combination br. The same word is found in 
 several place-names in New England, in some of which it 
 has been strangely corrupted. Abagadasset (' at the place of 
 shelter,' or haven,) was the name given to the river and point 
 on the no. side of Merrymeeting Bay, Me. (and transferred to 
 an Indian sagamore who lived thereabouts) ; otherwise written, 
 Abbigadasset, Bagadasset, etc. The bay of Castine, Me., was 
 called by the Abnakis, Matclie-bagnatus (or, as Rale wrote it, 
 MatsibigwadooseK) ' bad harbor ' ; shortened to Chebegriadose 
 (" Chebegwadose," Purchas, iv. 1874) and finally corrupted 
 to Bigadnce, which a local tradition derives from " Major 
 Biguyduce," an imaginary French officer, supposed to have 
 come with the Baron Castine. \Picton, in Nova Scotia, has 
 apparently, the same origin. Is it identical with "Biggetu," of 
 Ruysch's map, 1 507 ?] 
 
 Achetaqupaff or Jffiriiscopfff/; a place on Naugatuck 
 river, named in the Indian deed to Mattatuck (Waterbury) in 
 1685. Orcutt's Derby, xxxiv, xcv. 
 
 Acomeques (Moh.) was named by Uncas as his "south 
 bounds on the east side of Mohegan [Thames] river." Col. 
 Rec., iii. 149. It was near Poquetannoc cove, and between 
 it and the river, not far from the line between Preston and 
 Ledyard. The name means 'land (or place) on the other 
 side' of the river. See Compos, of Ind. Geogr. Names, p. 10. 
 
 Acqiiebapany : see Aquebupauy. (And so, for all 
 names beginning with Acq- .) 
 
 Acunepequash (Moh.) : a brook east of Ouinebaug 
 river, mentioned in Oweneco's deed to J. Fitch, 1680. 
 
 Ahyohsupsuck : see Ayas'iipsuck. 
 
 Aiffiocomockf Ajicomick, and Oiockocommock (Moh.) : 
 Stony Creek in Guilford ; originally some village, building, or 
 other ' inclosed place ' (komuk) in or near the creek, which 
 appears to have been a w. bound of the Mohegan territory
 
 claimed by Uncas in 1641. In the deed of 1639, " Oiocko- 
 commock river." " Agicomook, now called Stony creek." 
 Nausup's deed, 1687. 
 
 All-urn or W(iUwm?s pond : on the n. line of (Burrill- 
 ville) R. I., near the n. e. corner of Connecticut. So called 
 from a Quinebaug captain, whose name (meaning ' The Fox,' 
 Peq. Awnmps^) was variously written, A Hums, A Humps, 
 Hyems, Hycmps, lams, etc. Col. Rec., iv. 272, 333, 351. 
 
 2. Alum pond : in n. w. part of Sturbridge, Mass., and 
 Little Alum pond, in n. e. part of Holland, Mass., sources of 
 the Quinebaug river: the "Alum ponds," 1715. 
 
 AnHmnantoeksuckf Amonontncksnck, etc.: near the 
 line between Glastenbury and Marlborough. Dr. Chapin 
 (Glast. Centenn., 17) supposed the name to belong to Pine Hill, 
 now called Pantoosuck: but the suffix -suck denotes 'brook,' 
 or 'outlet' of a pond. Land sold by Tarramuggus in 1673, 
 " near or in Ashowasset or Pauquanauge or Mawnautuck" 
 was laid out "on the south side of Roaring Brook near 
 Mr. Willard's land called by the Indians Amannantocksock." 
 Col. Rec. Lands, i. 424-5. Mawnantuck ('a look out/ or 
 place of observation) is another form of Amannantock, and 
 Mawnantuck-snck is, probably, either Roaring Brook, or the 
 brook which runs from Diamond pond, across the Marlbo- 
 rough line, to Blackledge's river. See Manattick. 
 
 Anchaniaunnach'kaunach' (Moh.) : a pond n. w. of 
 (North) Stonington ancient bounds, from which a brook runs 
 to Puckhussunaug pond. Col. Rec. Lds., i. 293, 294. Now 
 'Amos's Pond ' or ' Lake Amos,' in s. e. part of Preston. 
 The name is untranslatable. 
 
 VAnqueet; named as one of the east bounds of the Waba- 
 quasset country, 1684. Col. Rec., iii. 150. 
 
 ?Aokeet#: a pond in Ridgefield. Rev. S. Goodrich's 
 
 MS. (l8OO.) 
 
 Ajtawamis, al. Apawquammis, Opqnamis, Apauantiss, 
 Epawames, etc. : Budd's Neck, in s. e. part of Rye, West- 
 chester Co., N. Y. Conn. Rec. Lands, i. 334. Between 
 Pockotessewake (Mamaroneck) river and Blind Brook.
 
 (recorded, Aquapanksif) : land named in 
 Uncas's deed to the Colony in 1640. The name seems to 
 denote a place ' at the end of a small pond,' ukque-paug-es-it. 
 Cf. Wecapaug. 
 
 Aqueb'apauff (and Acquib-} : a pond near the head of 
 Pawcatuck river, but below the pond called Chipchug. Col. 
 Rec., iii. 275. " Probably Worden's Pond," near the west 
 line of So. Kingstown, R. I. Parson's Indian Names, p. 9. 
 "A great pond called Acqueebapaguck" was the e. bound of 
 Chippachooag. Col. Rec., ii. 590: Quebaquauge, id., ii. 589. 
 Aquabe-paug-auke = 'land before (on this side of, or in front 
 of) the pond. Aquabepaug may mean either ' before the 
 pond ' or the ' pond before ' some other pond or some tract of 
 land. 
 
 Acqueed'ennuck, Acquidaneck, (Nipm. or Moh.) : the 
 eastern limit of the south bounds of the Quinebaug lands 
 claimed by Hyems (see Allum), on " a high hill," about one 
 mile so. easterly from Acquiunk near the great falls (Daniel- 
 sonville). C. Rec. L., ii. 305, 309 ; Miss Larned's Windham 
 Co., i. 115. In South Killingly. 
 
 2. Aqueednuck (now Quidnic} river and pond : near Week's 
 hill, in Coventry, R. I. The name seems to be compounded 
 of ukque-adene-auke ' place at the end of the hill ; ' or possibly, 
 ogque-adene-auke ' place beyond the hill.' 
 
 Acquiunk, Ocq- (Moh.) : "A hill thirty or forty rods 
 s. e. from" the upper falls of the Quinebaug river, at Daniel- 
 sonville ; " which said falls are known to the Indians by the 
 name of Ac-qui-unk" Chandler, 1705 ; Conn. Archives, T. & 
 L., ii. 187; Miss Larned's Windham Co., 115. Probably, 'at 
 the place below (agwi) ' the falls (see Pawtuckef) : though 
 Agwunk (Agwonk, Eliot, in i Sam. 31. 13) means 'under a 
 tree.' 
 
 Acquiashqut: in Stonington. John Stanton had a 
 town grant of land there in 1665. Town Rec. 
 
 Acquunfcquoke : a tract of land sold to Moses Wheeler 
 and Joseph Judson, no. of Far Mill River ; now in Huntington. 
 Prob. from quunnukque-auke 'high land.' [Cf. Quunkwatc/tu, 
 Kunckquachu, (for qnnnukque-wadchu, ' high mountain ') the 
 Indian name of Mount Toby, Mass.]
 
 ?Arauf/acutack (mod. Aurangeatuck] : a plain on the 
 e. side of Potatuck (Housatonic) river, betw. it and Eight 
 Mile river; now in Southbury. Ind. Deed, 1679, in Cothren's 
 Woodbury, i. 25 ; Arauscatuck, C. R. Lands, iii. 112. 
 
 ?Afinouck : a name of Byram river, the boundary between 
 Connecticut and New York. See Cockamong , Comonck. 
 
 ?Asamuck : now " Greenwich Creek," running to the 
 Sound at Indian Harbor, between Coscob and Bush's Harbor. 
 Mead's Greenwich, 22. 
 
 Assawas'suc, Hassawas'suc (mod. Wassuc) : in East 
 Glastenbury. Chapin's Glast. Centen., 17. Ashowaset, C. R. 
 L., i. 425. Dr. Chapin's interpretation, "other-house place- 
 of-bears," is absurd. Assawa-suck ( = na sJiane-snck} means 
 ' the fork of the brook,' or rather, the place ' between [the 
 forks of the] brook ; ' and originally belonged to the place 
 where Cold Brook unites with Roaring Brook. Cf. As/iawog. 
 
 Assawauf/. See Asltawoy. 
 
 Atfseieonkf Otfsekwnkl a swamp in North Stonington 
 (so. part), and a brook which runs through it to Shannock 
 river. 
 
 Ash'awoy, Asstt u-a tiy, Nashawoy, et al. This name, 
 designating a ' place between ' (nashaue, Eliot) or ' in the 
 middle,' occurs in various forms, throughout New England. 
 See Compos, of Ind. Geogr. Names, 33. In Connecticut we 
 have : 
 
 1. Assawog, or Ashawog river, North Stonington; runs 
 southerly into Pawcatuck river at the state line, near 
 
 2. Ashaway village, in Hopkinton, R. I. 
 
 3. Nashawag, Nashaway, Assawog, et al. : a so. e. bound 
 of the Wabaquasset country, northerly of the great falls of 
 the Quinebaug river (Oweneco's deed to J. Fitch, 1684 ; C. 
 R. Lands, ii. 1 18, 1 19) ; the point ' between ' Quinebaug and 
 Five Mile rivers, in Killingly. The name has been trans- 
 ferred as Assawogga to the smaller stream. 
 
 4. Another gore, 'between' French and Quinebaug rivers, 
 in Thompson, was also called Nasliaway. 
 
 5. Ashawong, Ashowat, Ashwawott (Moh.) : a bound 
 between Uncas and Arramamet (sachem of the River
 
 Indians), established in 1666 ; one mile south of Wongun- 
 shoake (or Wongushock). Col. Rec., ii. 41 ; iii. 69, 149. 
 " Ashowog, (and Ashnwang) the crotch of a river." Chandler, 
 1705, and Map. In the n. w. part of Colchester, at the fork 
 of Salmon with Blackledge's (Fawn) river. See Shaimvunk, 
 and Natchaug. 
 
 ?A$1i Helot, mod. Ashawil'let ; a tract of land in the n. w. 
 part of North Stonington. [Cf. Ashuelot, Keene, N. H.] 
 
 AshoWUffhcummociee (Moh.) : "a woody island against 
 Capt. Mason's island at Mistick," granted by the townsmen 
 of Pequot (New London) to the Rev. Mr. Blinman, 1654. 
 Miss Caulkins's New London, 8 1. The name means ' half-way 
 place ' or ' between-place,' nashaue-komuk, i. e. between the 
 larger island and the main. 
 
 An' pet lie, Aspatock, Ashp- : river in New Milford. 
 Its e. and w. branches unite not far north of the borough, 
 and run to the Housatonic. The name, which means ' high 
 place,' ' a height,' (ashpolitag, Eliot) was transferred to the 
 river from some elevation near it probably from the ridge 
 which divides its branches ; " Aspatuck hill," New Milford 
 Rec., i. 48. " Romanock, sachem of Aspetock" "land called 
 Aspitock," 1660; ^Aspetaug river, 1687. Col. Rec., iii. 283; 
 ii. 139, 231. 
 
 [2. Aspetong: a bold eminence, in Bedford, N. Y.] 
 
 Aspon'ock, Anpin'ock : " a plain east from the dwelling 
 of Lieut. Aspinwall " (in Killingly) in 1708: transferred 
 from this plain to the river otherwise called Maanexit (q. v.) 
 and Quinebaug : " east side of Quinebaug, alias Aspinock 
 river." Deed of 1699, in Miss Larned's Windham Co., i. 
 161. "The valley of the Quinebaug, extending from the 
 Great Falls, now in Putnam, to Lake Mashapaug." Ibid. 
 
 The meaning of the name is not certain ; perhaps the 
 equivalent of Sebonack (or Seaponock), in Southampton, 
 L. I., from sipunnak 'ground nuts,' Indian potatoes, or 
 other edible roots ; perhaps, from some hill or ' high land ' in 
 the vicinity, tispunne-auke . See the following name. 
 
 Asproom : a mountain in Ridgefield, " which retains its 
 Indian name, meaning 'high' or 'lofty,'" says Rev. S. 
 Goodrich, MS. account of Ridgefield, 1800. If this was the
 
 meaning, the name is corrupted ; though its derivation may 
 be traced by allowing for variations of dialect from the 
 root (ashp, asp,} of Mass, uspunnumun 'elevated.' 'lifted 
 high,' and Delaware aspenummen ; Abnaki ispi're, etc. 
 
 Atchuiiberinuck. See Chabunnuck. 
 
 [Attawaugan : the name of a factory and factory-village 
 in Killingly, on Assawogga river. Not an Indian place-name.] 
 
 AuJewtribuinsk (Moh.), Awcumbucks (Narr.) : "a place 
 in the heart of the Pequot country " (Roger Williams, 1637) ; 
 the residence of the chief Pequot sachem, before the coming 
 of the English (Uncas's Genealogy, 1679). 
 
 Auque&atuck, mod. Owib'etuck hill: on the n. e. line 
 of Lebanon, partly in Windham. 
 
 2. Ocquebitiick hill ; "partly in Ashford and partly in 
 Union." C. A., Towns and Lands, vii. 56. Comp. Webotuck 
 ( Weepatuck) ; Aquebapaug. 
 
 AwrffH f/eff t H <'/,'. See Araugacutack. 
 
 '.' Aiislt' ftook ; mod. Ausbrook' and OisJi brook: a point of 
 land in Stonington, west of the mouth of the Pawcatuck 
 river. Perhaps, not derived from the Indian : but compare 
 the following name. 
 
 A/i?/os f H/>xiH'/,' (Moh.) : the outlet of a pond now called 
 Wyassup, in the no. part of North Stonington ; the s. e. 
 bound of the Mohegan country. Chandler's Survey, 1705. 
 " Asupsuck was Pequot land, and Hyems's land lay north of 
 Pequot land," Pequot Ind. Testim. in T. & Lands, ii. 188. 
 Ayasupsuck, Col. Rec., iii. 149. Both Wyassnp-suck (A/iyosup} 
 and AusJipook may have come from Mass, and Narr. as/tap, 
 hasJiap, wild hemp, flax, or other vegetable fibre used for 
 making nets, etc. ; the latter name representing nshdp-ank 
 'place of hemp' (or wild flax; literally, 'net-stuff'); and the 
 former, dshdp-suck, 'hemp brook.' [The name, hasliap, or 
 nshfip, originally generic, seems to have been specially appro- 
 priated to the Indian hemp, Apocymim cannalnnnin, Mich.] 
 The termination suck denotes the 'outlet' of the pond, i. e., 
 the brook which flows from it to Ashawog river. 
 
 Htnift/in (-om, -nin), li</nf(f/tfiin, etc. : a name given 
 to the place at which Litchfielcl was settled ; afterwards,
 
 8 
 
 to 'The Great Pond' and river in that township. This 
 name does not appear in the Indian deed of the territory, 
 1715-16, but the order of Court, May, 1719, authorizes the 
 settlement of " a place called Bantam ; " and in the first deed 
 recorded in Litchfield town records, May, 1719, the plantation 
 is called Bantaham. " Bantam river" was so denominated in 
 1720, but the pond, in the early records, is simply 'the Great 
 Pond.' The Rev. Azel Backus (MS. Hist, of Bethlem, 1812) 
 states that " Shippaug or Great Pond was the Indian name of 
 Litchfield pond and gave the name to the river." 
 
 If Bantaham or Bantam is of Indian origin which is 
 nearly certain it must be a corruption of pedntam (Narr. 
 peyauritam) 'he prays' or 'praying,' a word used to designate 
 a Christian Indian ; and it may have been an appellation of 
 the local sagamore, or of Weramaug, the sachem of New 
 Milford. As a place-name, it is analogous to Nonantam, i. e. 
 'he blesses,' the village in which Eliot's first Indian converts 
 were gathered. 
 
 ?Candoto: the High Ridge which gives a name to 
 Ridgefield. Rev. S. Goodrich's MS. Account of Ridgefield, 
 1802. Otherwise written, Candatowa, or "Caudatowa, signi- 
 fying high land," as tradition asserts (Pease & Niles's 
 Gazetteer, 192); and perhaps related to (Mass.) kodtuhkdc 
 ' the top of a hill,' ' highest place.' 
 
 Cfipaf/e: a place on the west side of Naugatuck river, 
 named in an Indian deed of 1685. For kuppaug, or kobpog, 
 ' place enclosed ' or ' shut in ' ? " Possibly the narrows in the 
 river, at Beacon Hill," Dr. Anderson suggests, in Orcutt's 
 Derby, xcv. The same name perhaps appears, in the compo- 
 sition of " Achetaqupag or Marnscopag" two names which 
 occur in the same deed. See Cupheag. 
 
 Cassiivtibque, (Moh.) : "a great ledge of rocks" on the 
 w. side of a meadow westward of a small swamp called 
 Cheshecantap ; an e. bound mark of a tract of land near and 
 south of Jeremy Adams's farm, in Colchester, sold by Uncas, 
 1683. Moh. Case, p. 175. In Salem or Montville. For 
 Kttssukobske = Mass, kussuhkoe-ompsk ' high rock.'
 
 Catantaquck (Moh.) : a cedar swamp in the (ancient) 
 bounds of Norwich ; now in n. w. corner of Griswold. 
 
 Catumb'. See Ketumpscttt. 
 
 Chabun'nuck, Chabinnnt/h (Moh.) : Chaubunnung- 
 kne (Chandler, 1 705). A pine hill, which was one of the bound 
 marks in the e. line of the Mohegan territory. C. Rec., iii. 149. 
 Between Griswold and Voluntown. For (Mass.) chabenuk 
 'that which divides/ 'a bound mark.' 
 
 2. Atchfiubenuck, Atshaboonnuck : the s. e. corner 
 bound of Quinebaug lands. Indian Testimony, 1701, in C. 
 Rec. Lands, ii. 308. It adjoined the Narraganset country. 
 
 Chavibunakonykotniik (Eliot, 1668), Chab' anakong - 
 komun (D. Gookin) : an Indian town in the Nipmuck country, 
 no. of the great pond in Webster, Mass., near the Connecticut 
 line. Contracted to Chanagongum, C. Rec., ii. 453. The 
 name, as written by Eliot, means "a boundary place." The 
 great pond was called Chaubunakungamaug, i. e. 'boundary 
 fishing-place,' or ' fishing-place at the boundary.' The name 
 which this pond bears on some modern maps, " Char-gog- 
 ga-gog-man-chog-a-gog" retains only a suggestion of its 
 original and incorporates with it the name of the Indian 
 village of MonuJichogok. See Manchaug. 
 
 VChaubonyum : a small pond about half a mile south 
 from Chaubunakongkomuk, so named in a deed of 1684 ; 
 near the n. e. corner of Thompson. Miss E. D. Larned, MS. 
 
 VCheeapschad' dock : a place east of Shetucket river ; 
 now in Preston. Miss F. A. Caulkins, MS. 
 
 Checheckuessutt (Moh.) : a brook, on the east side of 
 Pawcatuck river, near land of Thomas Bell and Edw. Larkin 
 (now in Westerly, R. I.) was "so called by the Indians." 
 Stonington Rec. Lands, i. 88. 
 
 Cheebeantupt* (Moh.) : a hill in the e. part of Colchester 
 (now Salem), so named in Oweneco's deed to John Prentiss, 
 1703. Chepiantup, Colch. T. Rec., 1705. Chepiontup means 
 ' a skull ' (literally, ' a separated head '). Round Hill, in Salem ? 
 
 Cheek heck (Moh. or Nipm.) : a bound-mark in the no. 
 line of the Wabaquasset country (1684), next easterly from 
 Natick hill, the n. w. corner. C. Rec., iii. 150. 
 
 2
 
 10 
 
 s hill: near the head of Mystic river, on the 
 Groton side ; so. of Lamb's brook. E. Culver sold his farm 
 of Ckepadoso, to John Lamb, 1663. Ckepadas, Pres. Stiles's 
 MS., 1762. 
 
 OlGShec&ntap S see Cassacubque. Possibly, by an error 
 of the recorder, for Cheebeeantap (see Cheebeantups), the 
 name of a hill in the vicinity. 
 
 ChesecJtiiclmiHHck (Moh.) : hill, extending no. and so. 
 nearly, not far from Oxopaugsuck pond, crossing the path 
 from Mohegan to Hartford, 1698. Moh. Case, 249. Al. 
 Chosechah-cnmmock (Miss F. M. Caulkins). Near the west 
 line of Montville. See the next following name. 
 
 ?Chee*echtin AY/ in.nck : the e. branch of Farmington 
 river, in Hartland. C. R. Lands, iii. 264. K' che-chickamaug? 
 'the great fishing-place at the weir.' Comp. Chickamug; 
 Skunkamug ; Ouschankamaug. 
 
 Chick' atniiff : a fishing place on Pawcatuck river where 
 (as the name denotes) the Indians had ' a weir' ; not far above 
 the present bridge connecting Stonington with Westerly, 
 R. I. Ston. T. Rec., 1671. 
 
 \Chickemoxen creek, in Maryland, which flows into the 
 Potomac below Washington, is another 'fishing-place at a 
 weir.'] 
 
 Chip'2i(ichaiif/,Chippichiiock (Moh.): Mason's Island, 
 in Mystic Bay. Hist. New London, 78, 80 ; Col. Rec., i. 
 224. Chepechewag, Thos. Minor's MS. 1664. The name 
 denotes a 'place separated' or 'apart.' 
 
 [Chippachooafjj Chepachewug, in the Narraganset 
 country (Potter's Hist, of Narrag., 70, 225), now in So. 
 Kingstown, R. I., and Chipchug, a pond said by the Indians 
 to be the head of Pawcatuck river (id., 266 ; Col. Rec., iii. 
 275), "probably either Sherman's or Teft's pond, in So. 
 Kingstown" (Parsons Ind. Names, 12), are other forms of 
 the same name. Chepachet (the name of a river and village 
 in Rhode Island,) is nearly equivalent, but denotes a ' place 
 of separation,' i. e. 'where [the stream] divides.'] 
 
 VChocomount: a hill on Fisher's Island. Coast Survey 
 Map. Not Indian or, unless much corrupted, of Indian origin.
 
 II 
 
 Coassalftuck, Coivissat'tuck, mod. Cosad'uck (Moh.) : 
 a hill, and land about it, in North Stonington, n. e. from 
 Wintechog hill. Ston. T. Rec., 1663-66. For kowas-htugk 
 'pine-wood,' or 'pine trees.' 
 
 Cochik'uack (Moh.) : " a wild dashing brook which 
 issued from a small pond in Montville and flowed s. e. into the 
 Thames river. In the lower part of its course this stream was 
 called by the English, Saw-mill brook." Hist. New London, 
 123, 124. The upper part was called Oxopaugsuck (which 
 see). Al. Cokichiwake, Col. Rec., 1663; Caukitchewonk, C. 
 A. ' Indians,' i. 6. Mass. diek (intensive, chacheke, cachek,) 
 means 'violent/ 'forcible'; and the name denotes a violent 
 or, as described, "a wild, dashing" stream. [The same name 
 occurs in Massachusetts, under the forms, Cockichowicke, 
 Coojetawick, Coijchawick, CocJtittawake, etc., at Andover, and 
 on Sudbury river (Mass. Rec., i. 141, 290, 305) and has been 
 transferred, as Cochituate, to the source of that stream.] 
 
 Cockam^ong'f Comonck>: Byram river, betw. Connec- 
 ticut and New York. Bolton's Westchester Co., i. 2. Al. 
 Armonck. The meaning of the prefix is uncertain. One or 
 more syllables may have been lost. Armonck, among, omonck, 
 probably stand for -amang ' fishing-place ' ; and Cockamong may 
 represent an original Chickamaug (q. v.). 
 
 ?Cocka2>on'set, mod. P unset : brook, and tract of land, 
 in Haddam. Barber's Hist. Coll., p. 515. 
 
 Cockenoes Island : off Westport, near the mouth of 
 Saugatuck river : so called from its Indian proprietor, Cockeno, 
 Cockenon, or Chachanen. In the deed to the proprietors of 
 Norwalk, 1652, he is called "Cockenoe de Long Island" (see 
 Hall's Norwalk, 35); and this seems to identify him with 
 " CJickanoe, an Indian of Menhansick [Shelter] Island," 
 named in Col. Rec., iii. 476. 
 
 ?Coddank: land of Nehem. Smith, at Poquonock (in 
 Groton), 1720. Miss F. M. Caulkins, MS. Perhaps (like 
 Cuttyhunk) a contraction of Poquctannoc, which see. 
 
 Coginchaiifl : now Durham. The name was applied by 
 the English to a tract of low land west of the village, on both 
 sides of the little river; and tradition interprets it, "long
 
 12 
 
 swamp." Al. Caivkinchawg, 1672 ; Caivgcnchaug, Col. Rec., 
 1687; KaquinsJuingc, John Cook's Will, 1705. 
 
 ?Com'po : a neck of land at the entrance of Saugatuck 
 river, now in Westport. Compawc, C. Rec., 1708. 
 
 Com! pounce (for Compound's) pond ; in the n. w. part 
 of Southington, so called from a Tunxis Indian known to the 
 English as John Acompound, or Compound. He joined in 
 the deeds of sale by the "native proprietors " to the planters 
 of Mattatuck (Waterbury) in 1674 and 1684. Bronson's 
 Waterbury, 10, 62 ; Orcutt's Derby, xxxiii. 
 
 Conaytuck brook : in Preston, on land sold by Oweneco 
 to Samuel Amos, 1685 ; al. Connoughtng. Miss F. M. 
 Caulkins's Norwich, 244, 247. Comp. Quonatuck, 
 
 Cony amuck : pond at n. w. corner of Suffield, partly in 
 Massachusetts. Conguamock, on Blodgett's Map. Perhaps the 
 same as Wonococomang, included in J. Pynchon's conveyance 
 to Suffield. The last two syllables (=amaug) may denote a 
 fishing-place ; but quon( = koii)-komuk means 'long house' or 
 'long enclosed-place.' 
 
 Connecticut: land 'on the long tidal-river.' See Quin- 
 nehtukqut. 
 
 ?Corum : a tract in the s. e. part of Huntington (formerly, 
 in Stratford), so. of Huntington landing, in a bend of the 
 Housatonic. Corant hill, Col. Rec., 1680. 
 
 Cosadfuck. See Coassat'tuck. 
 
 Cos' cob : a neck of land, in the s. e. part of Greenwich. 
 The Mianus river flows into Coscob harbor, on the w. side of 
 which is Coscob village. The name, denoting a ' high rock,' 
 (comp. Cassacubque) was- perhaps transferred from the bluff 
 west of Strickland's brook, near the Indian village. See 
 Mead's Greenwich, 18, 48, 87. 
 
 Cosson' nacock : in the n. w. part of Lyme ; Selden's cove, 
 or a tract of land near it. Al. Cossounriacock, Cassomacock, 
 etc. C. Rec. Lds., i. 302, 304; C. Arch. ' Industry,' ii. 283. 
 
 Cotvamps, Cowomsqite: east of, "on the south side 
 of Potatuck " river, and " about three miles below Potatuck." 
 C. R. Lands, iii. 389, 391 ; Stratf. Rec., 1672. In Newtown ? 
 The second syllable (= ompsk.} means ' rock ' ; the former, may
 
 13 
 
 stand for koil ' sharp' ; but Roger Williams gives (Narr.) cau'- 
 ompsk " a whetstone " ; rather, a rock suitable for whetstones. 
 
 Cowas'sit, Cowis'sick (Moh.) : transferred from a tract 
 of land near Blackwell's brook (in Brooklyn and Canterbury) 
 to the brook itself. C. Rec. Lands, ii. 203 ; Hi. 31. It 
 designates a ' place of small pine-trees.' 
 
 Cowwaus (Moh.) : a rugged tract west of the road from 
 New London to Mohegan. Hist, of N. London, 122. 'Pine 
 land,' from koua (kowmv, R. Williams^ ' pine tree,' kowawese, 
 ' a young pine ' (R. W.) or ' small pine.' 
 
 Cowautacuck (Moh.) river, e. of Shetucket, no. westerly 
 from North Stonington bounds, 1670. Al. Kewoutaquak, 
 Kewautatuck, Kewattuck, Cowawattucke, C. R. Lands, i. 
 293, 294; iv. 142. Choate's brook, or Broa'd brook, in 
 Preston? Kowaw-tugk-ank, 'pine-wood land.' 
 
 Cowissick. See Cowassit. 
 
 Cupheay : Stratford. CiipJiege, Col. Rec., i. 52, 62. The 
 name denotes a ' harbor,' or ' place of shelter ' ; literally, a 
 ' place shut in.' Mass, knppi, ' closed/ kobpog ' haven,' 
 'harbor'; Narr. aukup 'a cove.' Comp. Capage. [We have 
 an equivalent of this name in Quebec ; and also, in the modern 
 Cape Poge (formerly, Capcack, Cafiawack, etc.) on Martha's 
 Vineyard.] 
 
 Cup' pacom' muck (Moh.) : a swamp in the s. w. part of 
 Ledyard, called by the English the Pine, or Mast, swamp. 
 Roger Williams gives the meaning of the name : " a refuge, 
 or hiding place" (3 Mass. Hist. Coll., i. 160, 163). Literally 
 ' a close place,' kuppi-komnk. Eliot wrote kuppohkomuk for 
 a ' haven.' Ohomowauke (which see) was another Pequot 
 name for this swamp or one of its recesses. 
 
 Cup'punnauf/unnit: mentioned by Roger Williams, 
 1637, as a place " in the midway between Pequatit and 
 Nayantackick" (4 Mass. Hist. Coll., vi. 200), that is, between 
 Mystic and Pawcatuck rivers, in Stonington. The precise 
 locality is not known. The name seems to be compounded 
 of kuppi 'close/ and wunnauguu ' dish 'or ' bowl,' with the 
 locative termination, -/'/; designating an enclosed ('shut in') 
 hollow, or bowl-shaped depression of the land.
 
 14 
 
 Jo8eoheage f EwolH'ay, Wisteria: in the s. w. part 
 of West Greenwich, R. I., near the Connecticut line. On 
 modern maps, the name is given to a hill or high ridge. Dr. 
 Parsons supposed it to signify the " origin of three rivers." 
 Ind. Names in R. I., 14. It appears to be a corrupt contrac- 
 tion of a name elsewhere written, Neastoqualieaganuck, q. v. 
 
 JSf/mtk (Moh.) : a long hill or ridge, stretching northerly 
 from the no. part of Voluntown, near the line between Plain- 
 field and Sterling, mostly within the bounds of the last- 
 named town. The village of Sterling Hill is on the highest 
 part of this ridge. The east line of the Mohegan country 
 ran through Egunk. From Pawtuckquachooge, near the 
 no. end of the hill, " a great spring issues out, and runs down 
 to Moosup's. river." Chandler's Survey, 1705: probably, the 
 brook now called Egunk brook, in the s. e. part of Plainfield. 
 
 ISgunk-SOnkapOUg (Moh.) : i.e. Egunk cool-spring ; a 
 "great cold spring," on Egunk hill. Chandler's Survey, 1705. 
 It was a bound mark in the east line of the Mohegan country. 
 Moh. Case, 48. 
 
 Elat (Nipm.) : one of the w. bounds of the Wabaquasset 
 country, 1684 ; next northerly from Mashenups (see Mosh- 
 eimpsuck], between Tolland and Ellington. Col. Rec., iii. 
 156; C. R. Lands, ii. 118, 119. 
 
 Gunyyivamps, Gnngewaunks (Moh.) : a high rugged 
 hill, in the s. w. part of Ledyard, not far from the Groton 
 line. Hist. New London, 123. Probably for qun'nukqompsk 
 ' high rock.' 
 
 Hammonds' set (Moh.) : with locative prefix, At'hamon- 
 as'set and Wnt-hamonasset : Clinton (so. part of old Killing- 
 worth) and the river which bounds it on the west. Hamonossit, 
 Homonoscitt, Col. Rec., i. 401 ; Athemonosseck, Wm. Leete, 
 1665. In Uncas's deed to Saybrook, 1666, the land (or some 
 locality) near the river is called Woothomonasak, and the river 
 is Homonasuk. In the record of Uncas's deed of 1641, 
 Muttomonassak is, probably, an error of the copyist, for 
 WutJiommonassak ; the prefix wut- meaning 'at,' 'to,' or 'on.' 
 
 Has' sawas' sue. See Assawassuc. 
 
 Hiy'yanomp'os, Higgamitn. See Tomheganomset .
 
 Hocfcan ant : a tract of land, and the stream which 
 bounds it, in East Hartford. Col. Rec., i. 8. The name 
 means ' hook shaped,' ' a hook.' (A change in the bed of 
 Connecticut has taken away the ' hook.' See the ancient 
 course of the river, in Barber's Hist. Collections, p. 113.) 
 
 2. A district in Westport, e. of Saugatuck river, no. of 
 Dead Man's brook. 
 
 3. A brook which runs southerly into Lebanon brook, 
 about a mile east of Naugatuck river at Beacon Falls. 
 Orcutt's Derby, xciv. 
 
 ?Hockcuioatico. See letter from Major John Mason, 
 in 1659, in 4 Mass. Hist. Coll., vii. 423. 
 
 Hokonkatnonk : a pond in Salisbury. C. Rec. Lands, 
 iv. 448. It seems to be the southern of the "Twin Lakes," 
 now called " Washinee." In the deed of Weatauk, by 
 "Mahekander" Indians, 1719, the bounds begin w. of Housa- 
 tonic river, at the falls ; thence, up the river " to a little run 
 of water which comes in at a turn of the said river;" thence, 
 up the river to a lake called Hokonkamok ; thence straight to 
 the end of a hill called Wetautanwaclion [i. e. Weatauk 
 mountain] ; thence, along said hill to the first bound. (See 
 Panaheconnok) 
 
 Housaton'uCf mod. Housatonic river. The termination 
 of this name shows that, originally, it did not belong to the 
 river, but was transferred from a particular locality or tract 
 of land. Eunice Mahwee (or Mauwehu), the last full-blood 
 survivor of the Scaticook band, in 1859, pronounced the name, 
 "Hous'atenuc," and interpreted it, "over the mountain." See 
 Memorial of Moravian Missions in N. Y. and Conn., p. 75. 
 This agrees with the interpretation that was given to President 
 D wight : "The river beyond the mountain ;" and is sustained 
 by analysis ; wtissi (Delaware awussi ; Chip, wassa, watts' - 
 sn/i ; Abnaki azvas, or oose) meaning ' beyond,' ' on the other 
 side of ; aderie ' mountain '; and -uk ' place,' ' land.' Comp. 
 Abnaki a-wassadent " au dela, derriere la montagne," and 
 oosadenighe "au dessus de la montagne" (Rale). 
 
 The tradition received by the Scaticook Indians, of the 
 discovery of the river and valley by those who came " over
 
 i6 
 
 the mountain" from the west, establishes this interpretation, 
 beyond reasonable doubt. 
 
 Among innumerable forms which this name has assumed 
 are the following : Housetunack, 1676 (Col. Rec., ii. 466, 472) ; 
 Ousatunick (ibid., 469); Ansotunnoog (Hubbard's Ind. Wars, 
 109, no) ; Housea Tunnic, 1738 (Plat of Pittsfield) ; Westen- 
 huc (the Moravian Mission station, near Great Barrington, 
 Mass.) ; House of Tunrtuck ! (C. Rec. Lands, iii. 300) ; Wes- 
 tonock, Westanock, etc. For Indian names of portions of the 
 river and of certain localities on it, see Potatuck, Paugasset, 
 Weantinock, Metichawon. 
 
 ? Keheketookosook : North Pond in Goshen, near the 
 Norfolk line ; one of the sources of Naugatuck river. L. M. 
 Norton's MS. Account of Goshen, 1812. This name must 
 have belonged to the stream which flows from the pond 
 (Moh. sook 'outlet'), not to the pond itself. In the shape it 
 comes to us, it is untranslatable. 
 
 Kenunckpacooke : " Nepato of Kenunckpacooke" 1716, 
 joined " Weravvaug of Oweantunnuck " (New Milford), in a 
 sale of land, on Housatonic river, no. of New Milford bounds. 
 N. Milf. Rec., i. 73. The name, as it stands, means ' land at 
 high-pond ' (qununkque-pang-auke) ; but it is possible that the 
 first syllable is corrupt. Comp. Wonunkapaugkook. 
 
 Kettimpuciit: President Stiles, on the authority of 
 Adam Babcock, Esq., in 1761, gave this as the Indian name 
 of " the west end of Fisher's Island ; " but it originally 
 belonged at the east end (mod. Catnmb reef) and means 'at 
 the great rock,' keht-ompsk-ut. 
 
 Kewoutaquak: see Cowautacnck. 
 
 ?Kissenauff : " the name of a pond [now called " Long 
 Meadow Pond"] in the so. part of Midcllebury, near the 
 Naugatuck line." Wm. Cothren, Esq. (MS.) Mod. Kissawaug, 
 as the name of a school district in Middlebury. 
 
 VKisnop brook : flows from North Pond in Salisbury, 
 northerly, across the State line, uniting with Hubbard's 
 brook, in Sheffield, Mass. Hist. Berksh. Co., 25. Mod. map, 
 " Schenob brook." (This form would refer the name to
 
 17 
 
 mshenups ' great pond ' (comp. Moshenup-suck) or k'chenups 
 ' greatest pond ; ' but see Sconnoups. " Kisnop " is unmeaning.) 
 
 ?Kittemaug : on the w. side of the Thames river, in 
 Montville. The name (kehte-amaug) means 'great fishing- 
 place,' but its appropriation to the locality which now bears 
 it, is questionable and, probably, modern. 
 
 Kongscut, mod. Skutikscut: a range of hills in 
 Glastonbury, a little east of the centre of the town. Glast. 
 Centenn., 17. Perhaps a corruption of kogsuhkoag-ut 'at the 
 high place ' or ' hill.' Certainly not " goose country," as Dr. 
 Chapin imagined, 1. c. 
 
 ILonK a/pot's river, enters North Canaan from Sheffield, 
 Mass., and bending northward enters the Housatonic, in 
 Sheffield. 2. Konkapofs brook, runs northerly into the 
 Housatonic, in the s. e. part of Stockbriclge, Mass. Named 
 from "Captain Konkapot," a chief of the Stockbridge or 
 Housatonic Indians, who lived near this brook. In 1724, he 
 joined in the sale of the territory comprising the " upper and 
 lower Housatonic townships." His captain's commission 
 was given him by Governor Belcher, in 1734. He may have 
 been related to Cockapatana (Konkapatanauh, Konkapof), a 
 sachem of the Paugasset Indians, who lived near the mouth 
 of Naugatuck river, and was a signer of several deeds of 
 lands in Derby, between 1678 and 1711. See Orcutt's 
 Derby, xxv, xl. 
 
 Konom'ok* See Taubakonommok. 
 
 l\ ttttutucfc : Blackstone river. " The great river called 
 Kuttatuck or Nipmug river," so named in the first deed of 
 the Nipmuck country, by the Natick Indians, in 1681. 
 Kehtetuk means 'great' or 'principal river.' 
 
 [Kehteliticut (= kehtetuk-ut}, a famous fishing place ' on 
 the great river' near Taunton, Mass., was abbreviated and 
 corrupted to Teightaquid, Teghtacutt, etc., and finally to 
 Titicut, as the name of a village in Midclleborough.] 
 
 M<inejcit. See Mayanexit. 
 
 '.' M<ibauttiniintncknnck: a name given, in a deed 
 from Turramuggus, 1673, to a hill in the s. e. part of 
 Glastonbury. Glast. Centenn., 16. The termination (suck) 
 
 3
 
 i8 
 
 shows that the name properly belongs to some brook or 
 ' outlet ' of a pond. 
 
 M(t<-/i'<'inoo<r HS : East Haddam, particularly the n. w. 
 part of the town, near " Mount Tom." The name, which is 
 popularly interpreted " the place of noises," is variously writ- 
 ten in early records: Machmadouset (1671), Machamadoset 
 ( 1 674), Machamoodns ( 1 69 1 ), Matchit Moodus, etc . Contracted 
 to Moodus, it gives name to a branch of Salmon River, and 
 to a manufacturing village. Concerning the " Moodus noises," 
 see Trumbull's Hist, of Conn., ii. 91, 92 ; Barber's Hist. Coll., 
 525-7. Matche-m&dose means ' there is a bad noise;' with 
 the locative affix, Matchemddoset ' at the place of bad noises.' 
 
 Mach' emu,*' (1648) and " Maxamns, alias Bankside," in 
 Fairfield, 1666. Col. Rec., ii. 58; iii. 123. Perhaps a corrup- 
 tion of Mahachemos, from the name of a Norwalk Indian, 
 who joined in the deeds to Roger Ludlow and Capt. Patrick, 
 in 1640. Hall's Norwalk, 30, 31. See Muchuncoks. 
 
 Machepaconaponsuck: in the e. bounds of the 
 Quinebaug lands sold by Hyums, " very near to Wiskquaten- 
 nioge or the n. e. corner." In Coventry or Foster, R. I. ? 
 
 Machi-mucket (1702). See Mashamoquet. 
 
 J^fakoron: a swamp in Stratford, 1660. Stratford T. 
 Records. 
 
 Magonck, Maguttk (Moh.) : on the Great Neck in 
 Waterford, between Alewife and Jordan coves, " a little to 
 the eastward of a gully of water by the sea." Conn. Rec., 
 Lands, ii. 247. Probably for mogkunk ' a great tree.' Roger 
 Williams, in 1638, mentions Mangunckakuck [= mogkunkak- 
 auke ' place of great trees '] as the name of a Pequot town 
 between " Pequt Nayantaquit " and " Sauquonckackock " 
 (q. v.) 4 Mass. Hist. Coll., vi. 251. 
 
 Magunkahquog, Makunkokoag, Magunkook (Nipm.) : 
 a tract of about 3000 acres, principally in Hopkinton, Mass., 
 which was granted by Massachusetts, to be occupied by the 
 praying Indians. Gookin (1674) writes the name of the 
 Indian town, Magunkaquog, and says that the signification of 
 the name is " a place of great trees." This would be decisive, 
 were it not that Eliot who could not be mistaken as to the
 
 19 
 
 meaning of the name of a town that he had a chief hand in 
 planting wrote, in 1669 (MS. Petition, in Library of N. Y. 
 Hist. Society,) " Magcoonkkomuk" which means 'the place 
 (or town) of the gift," i. e. ' granted place,' from magmonk 
 ' gift,' and komuk ' place.' Possibly this, the original name, 
 had, when Gookin wrote, been changed, by the Indians 
 themselves, to the more familiar and more easily pronounced 
 Magunkook ' place of the great tree,' or the plural Magunk- 
 akook (= mogkunkak-auke) ' place of great trees.' 
 
 Mnhantick, Monhantick : a spruce swamp in the s. 
 w. part of Newtown, close to the so. line. Col. Rec. Lands, 
 iv. 92 ; C. Archives, T. & Lands, viii. 327. The name means 
 "a spruce swamp," or "cedar swamp." [Delaware, menantac 
 " a spruce, cedar, or pine swamp " (Zeisberger) : Abnaki 
 manna n dak-w, cedar.] 
 
 fMJatinanaeJe : a high ridge or knoll, in Waterbury, 
 " said to have been an Indian camping ground ; " s. w. of the 
 Town Plot, about 2 miles from the centre of the city. Hist, 
 of Derby, xcvi. 
 
 Mamachimins, -tnons: a small Island near Norwalk. 
 Hall's Norwalk, 93, 97. Perhaps so named from its Indian 
 proprietor Mamechon or Mahackem, who joined in the deed 
 to the Norwalk planters (Ibid. 30, 31) ; Mamechon-minnis = 
 ' Mamechon's little island ' : but mamahchi-minnis means ' bar- 
 ren,' 'waste' or 'unoccupied' little island. 
 
 Mamuchoay brook, in New London, and another in 
 Lyme, were so-called by the English settlers, probably, 
 from their abundance of the small fish popularly known by 
 a corruption of their Indian name, as " mummachogs." 
 
 Mfitniicwk (Moh.) : i. The neck of land in New London 
 on which Fort Trumbull stands : al. Mamaquack, Mamacokk 
 (N. London Records), Ma-Jiam-le-cake, " where Sacowaen, a 
 brother of Sassacus " lived, 1636 (Jona. Brewster, in 4 M. H. 
 C., vii. 68). 2. " A neck of land two miles up the [Thames] 
 river bore the same name." Hist. New London, 60, 122. 
 Uncas claimed to it as his south bounds w. of the river. 
 Col. Rec., iii. 512. 3. A creek in East Lyme, w. of Black 
 Point. It receives Robbins' brook. Lester's Map of N. L. Co. 
 Narr. matimacock ' a great hook ' (R. Williams).
 
 20 
 
 MaJtmanait-cIf, Maum- (Moh.) : " a pond about a mile 
 long, lying n. n. e. and s. s. w.," about a mile from Ahyohsup- 
 suck (Wyassup) northerly (Chandler's Survey): now Billings's 
 Lake, near the no. line of North Stonington. But a survey 
 of Preston bounds in 1726 describes " Manmunsuck " as " a 
 path between two ponds " in the e. line of Preston, n. 7 e., 
 1 88 rods from S/iazvwunk " where two streams meet." Conn. 
 Arch., T. & L., vii. 178. This was near the present east line 
 of Griswold (see Shawwienk), and about 7 miles north of 
 Billings's Lake, and is the locality which Chandler names 
 "Mayomansuck? one of Uncas's e. bounds. The two names 
 are probably equivalent, denoting a ' place where two streams 
 meet,' or perhaps, 'a brook connecting two ponds.' This 
 prefix means ' to bring together,' ' to meet,' and the suffix 
 (suck) is ' brook ' or ' outlet.' 
 
 JUamanasco, Mammasco : a pond in the w. part of 
 Ridgefield ; the source of Titicus brook. Mammennsqnah, 
 Rev. S. Goodrich, 1800. Compare 
 
 Jtfainanisknck (Moh.) : on Pawcatuck river ; a bound 
 named in Soso's deed of Misquamicut, to the proprietors of 
 Westerly, R. I. Westerly Rec., i. 3. 
 
 Mamaquaoy, Momeagueg (Moh.) : a tract of about 7000 
 acres " to the n. e. of Windham," claimed by Oweneco in 1705. 
 Moh. Case, 30, 64, 67. There is an error in the description 
 as printed, and ' south east ' must be substituted for ' north 
 east,' of Windham ; for, as described, the tract would fall in 
 Pomfret or Brooklyn. It was betw. the Shetucket and Little 
 rivers ; now in the so. part of Scotland and s. e. part of 
 Windham : al. Mawmiagwaug, Maumeaquage, etc. Wind. 
 Recs.; Col. Rec. Lands, ii. 104, no; C. A., T. & L., ii. 278. 
 
 2. Meanmaquaug brook runs so. from Hopkinton, R. I., to 
 Pawcatuck river, in the n. w. corner of Westerly. Parsons, 
 Ind. Names, p. 17. On modern maps (and by Parsons, p. 27) 
 this brook is named Tommaquang. (Comp. Mamacock, 
 Momogeg-wetuck.} 
 
 Mamaroneck : a town in Westchester county, N. Y. : 
 formerly, Mamaroneck 's, " Mammarineckes " (Cal. N. Y. 
 Mss., p. 237). Named from Mamaronock, a "chief of the
 
 21 
 
 Wiquaeskeck Indians." (Ibid., 87); Moworronoke,Momoronah. 
 Rec. U. Colonies. 
 
 ?Matinanpenokcan : brook running into the w. side 
 of Housatonic river; in Sheffield? Mass. N. E. Hist. & 
 Geneal. Reg., viii. 215. 
 
 Manatuck : " a high bold hill-top in Waterford, com- 
 manding a fine view of the Sound." Hist, of N. London, 123. 
 
 2. A hill in the north-east part of Granby. Conn. Arch., 
 T. & L., vii. 63. 
 
 3. Mawnantuck, Amonvntuck : a hill in the so. east part 
 of Glastonbury. See Amonontitcksuck. 
 
 The name denotes a ' place of observation,' ' look out,' a 
 place for seeing (or to be seen) far off. Montauk (L. I.) is 
 probably another form of the same name (and not, as I 
 formerly believed it to be, from manati ' island ') : "Mountacutt 
 high land " it was called in the Indian conveyance of 
 Easthampton, 1648. Thompson's L. Island, 181. Manaticut 
 or Monatoquot (Mass. Rec., ii. 40), the name appropriated to 
 a small river in Braintree, Mass., may have the same meaning. 
 See, also, Munnawtawkit. 
 
 Manchauy : a village of Christian Indians, in the 
 Nipmuck country, about 8 miles w. of Nipmuck (Blackstone) 
 river. Gookin, 1674. Formerly in Oxford, Mass. Now the 
 name of a pond between Sutton and Douglas. John Eliot 
 wrote the name, Mdnuhchogok. Mass. Archives, Indians, i. 
 146. Roger Williams, 1637, mentions the "Monashackotoogs" 
 as Nipmucks who were confederates of the Pequots. 4 M. 
 H. Coll., vi. 194. 
 
 Manchonat: Gardiner's Island, N. Y. ; so named in the 
 deed given to Lyon Gardiner by the Sachem of Pommanoc, 
 in 1639 a l- Monchonok, Mashongamuc. Qu. the equivalent 
 of Monachnnte, an Indian name of the island of Rhode Island 
 (4 Mass. Hist. Coll., vi. 157) ? 
 
 Manf/nnckakuck. See Magunkahquog. 
 
 Manhan. See Miinhan. 
 
 Manhannock : "Wright's Island," opposite Wethers- 
 field, Connecticut river ; now, by a change of the river bed, 
 annexed to the main land, in Glastonbury. The passage
 
 22 
 
 between it and the river bank was still open in 1713. Glast. 
 Centenn., 178. "The Island" belonged to Wethersfield till 
 1792. The name (= munnohan-auke) means 'island place/ 
 or ' land on the island ' : an interpretation so obvious that it 
 is surprising that Dr. Chapin missed it and was at the trouble 
 of deriving the name from (an imaginary) maun, supposed to 
 mean "great," " ahanna, to laugh," and " ock, place ; " trans- 
 lating it as "the place of great merry-making" or "great 
 laughing-place"! 
 
 Minnahanock, for Blackwell's Island, in the East River, 
 N. Y., is another form of the same name. French's N. Y. 
 Gazetteer, 419, n. ; Cal. N. Y. Mss., i. 364. 
 
 Manhwmsqueeg , al. JSfahmwnsqueag (Moh.) : " the 
 spot resorted to for whetstones," " in the Whetstone country," 
 7 miles n. 20 e. from the no. end of Egunk hill, and 3^ m. 
 no. e. from the falls of Quinebaug river. Chandler's survey, 
 1705 ; Moh. Case, 48. Munkumsqueeg, Col. Rec., iii. 149. 
 A quarry near the mouth of Whetstone brook (a branch of 
 Assawog river) in Killingly. It was the n. e. bound-mark of the 
 Mohegan territory claimed by Uncas. 
 
 Manittuwond (Narr.) : Plum Island ? See Mimnaw- 
 tawkit. 
 
 Manoonckasuck : near the n. w. corner of a tract of 
 700 acres granted by Southerton (Stonington) to Capt. Geo. 
 Denison, 1661. Ston. Town Records. 
 
 Manunepukneay brook : runs s. s. e. into Shepaug 
 river, near the line between New Milford and Washington. 
 Ms. Plan, 1715, in Conn. Arch., T. & Lands, viii. 155 ; C. R. 
 Lands, ii. 333. 
 
 Manunkatuck. See Menunkatuck. 
 
 Jtfanunkatesetf -suck (Moh.) : a brook or small river 
 near the line between Westbrook and Clinton, uniting with 
 Pochaug river and flowing to the Sound, in Westbrook. The 
 name is apparently a diminutive of Manunkatnck, with 
 the locative affix. In Uncas's deed to Saybrook, 1666, 
 it is written " MononkatesekT Otherwise, Manuncketesseck, 
 Manuguatesett, Ma-na-qua-tesett (Col. Rec., 1703). 
 See Moromos.
 
 23 
 
 3aru8copaf/. " Achetaqupag or Maruscopag," on or 
 near the Naugatuck river, is named in a deed fr6m the 
 Paugasset Indians to the settlers of Mattatuck (Waterbury) in 
 1685. Dr. Anderson suggests that the last two syllables, in 
 each name, "stand perhaps for knppo-ohke \ktippaug\, meaning 
 ' narrow place ' possibly the narrows at Beacon Hill." 
 Orcutt's Derby, xxxiv, xcv. 
 
 Massabeset. See Mattabesic. 
 
 MassacJiaug, Mnschauy: pond in Westerly, R. I., near 
 the sea, between Pawcatuck river and Babcock's (Minnebaug % 
 or Miixquetaug) pond which is sometimes called West 
 Massachaug. Probably corrupted from the Narraganset 
 equivalent of Moh. muxquataug ; from muskechoge 'place 
 where rushes grow.' See Mnxquata. 
 
 MassacJiusetts : an anglicized plural of Massachuset, 
 meaning 'at, or near, the great hills/ 'the great-hill country,' 
 from massa 'great,' wadchu (in composition, adchii) pi. 
 wadchuash 'mountains ' or ' hills,' and the locative suffix it, et, 
 ' on, at, or near.' Roger Williams learned that the name was 
 taken " from the Blue Hills, a little island thereabout," and 
 Josiah Cotton was informed that it specially belonged to "an 
 hill in the form of an arrow's head." The Blue Hills are in 
 Milton and Quincy, the "high mountains of Massachusit" (or 
 " Cheviot" hills) of Capt. John Smith. The name was easily 
 corrupted, by English speakers to Mattachuset (compare 
 Mattabesic and Massabesic}. See Proc. Am. Antiq. Society, 
 Oct. 1867, pp. 77-84. 
 
 Mffssa'f'o : a place on Tunxis (Farmington) river, where 
 a plantation was established by Windsor men afterwards 
 named Simsbury. " That part of Tunxis river called Mosso- 
 cowe." Col. Rec., i. 71. Al. Mttssawco, Massaqua, etc. 
 From massa (= missi) ' great ' and sauk ' outlet ; ' the ' great 
 brook's-mouth/ where Hop Brook (which receives Branch 
 and Stratton brooks) flows into Farmington river, near 
 Simsbury Centre. See Ind. Geogr. Names, pp. 30, 31. 
 [Comp. Saco (Me.) ; Massasaitga.} 
 
 Mffsstrptmf/, Mashipaiig, etc. : from massa (missi, mashi) 
 ' large' and -paug* standing water,' 'pond,' was the designation
 
 2 4 
 
 of many 'great ponds,' throughout New England. In Con- 
 necticut it was given to 
 
 1. Alexander's Lake (" Mashipaug Pond " ), in the w. part 
 of Killingly. 
 
 2. Gardiner's Lake, the s. w. bound of Norwich Nine-mile 
 purchase ; now in Salem, Bozrah, and Montville. See Moh. 
 Case, p. 150. 
 
 3. Mashapaug pond, in the n. e. part of Union. 
 
 4. Tyler pond, in Goshen. 
 
 5. Slit-pang (contracted from Mashapaug), q. v. 
 
 6. Meshapock brook, in the s. e. part of Middlebury, seems 
 to be another form of the same name, transferred, probably, 
 from Toantick or Quassapaug pond. 
 
 A pond and brook in Cranston, R. I., retain this designa- 
 tion ; a Massapoag pond in Dunstable and Groton, Mass. ; 
 others in Sharon (Massapauge, Plym Col. Recs., iii. 164) and 
 Lunenburg, Mass. In the equivalent name of Sebago lake, 
 Maine, the initial m has been lost. 
 
 3fassapeaf/f Blashpeay (Moh.) : a tract of land sold 
 by Uncas to Richard Haughton, 1658. Its eastern bound 
 was a long cove (Massapeag or Haughton's Cove), and its w. 
 or s. w. boundary was Cochickuack (now Oxyboxy) brook. 
 Col. Rec., i. 309; Moh. Case, 170. In the s. e. part of 
 Montville, including great part of Uncasville. The name, 
 massa-pe-auk means ' great-water land,' or ' land on the great 
 cove.' See Ind. Geogr. Names, 15. 
 
 JHf(xs((jt<'</HOttuck, Mas/if t- (Moh.) seems to have been 
 a Mohegan name of the Thames river = massa-peqnot-tnk 
 ' great Pequot-river.' " A cold spring where Mohegan bounds 
 begin" on the w. side of the Thames (near Haughton's Cove), 
 was called Massapequottnck-soonk-apog. Chandler's Survey, 
 1705 ; Col. Rec., iii. 149. See Sunkipang ' cold spring.' 
 
 JMassattrititttock (Moh.) : Falcon Island, so. of Guilford, 
 so named in Indian map of Guilford second purchase. 
 Mashequanon was the Mass, name of the fish-hawk (=^= Chip. 
 mitchigikwane) . ' Falcon Island ' was the Indian mashequan- 
 auk ' place of fish-hawks.' 
 
 MassawaniaMHj (Moh.) : a brook and cove, w. of 
 Thames river, n. of Massapeag : the north bound of Poma-
 
 25 
 
 chaug. See Uncas's deed to J. Rogers, 1658, in Moh. Case, 
 p. 251. Now in Montville. The name, massa-womitssuk, 
 denotes a 'great declivity' (literally 'down-going'), and is 
 applicable to a steep ledge, hill-side, or high bank. 
 
 Mashamoquet, Massamugget, etc. (Nipm.) : a brook 
 which runs through Pomfret, so. easterly and easterly, to 
 Quinebaug river, about i| m. north of Brooklyn no. line. 
 The name, which signifies ' at the great fishing place ' (massa- 
 amaug-ut), was given to a large tract, " the Mashamoquet 
 Purchase," on which Pomfret was settled. The lower part 
 of the brook, near the Quinebaug, was called Tamonquas 
 river (q. v.). Al. Mashamugget, Mashamugket, Machi-mucket, 
 Moshamoquett, etc. 
 
 Mashentuck (Moh.): a name formerly given to Killingly 
 pond on the east line of the State, partly in Foster, R. I. 
 (" Chaubamaug Pond," on Miss Larned's map). A hill 
 " comprising a circuit of two or three miles, terminating in 
 an abrupt steep at the so. extremity of Pleasant Valley" in 
 Killingly, and also a brook that runs near this hill, northerly, 
 to Whetstone brook, bear this name on modern maps. It 
 denotes ' a well-wooded country,' literally, ' much wood ' 
 (mishunttigk, Eliot). There is an Indian tradition that a hill 
 covered with tall trees once stood where is now a great pond 
 which is generally supposed to be Massapaug (Alexander's 
 Lake) in West Killingly. See Barber's Hist. Coll. of Conn., 
 431, and DeForest's Indians of Conn., 377. The name of 
 Mashentuck, appropriated to East Killingly pond, suggests 
 that the tradition belongs to this, rather than to Massapaug. 
 
 Mashantackuck, Mashantncket (Moh.): the Mohegan 
 reservation on the w. side of Thames river, in Montville. 
 Col. Rec. Lands, i. 277. Meshentucket, T. Minor, 1669 A 
 part of this reservation, near the river, is still called Shantuck. 
 The name, like the preceding, is from mishuntugk 'much 
 wood,' with the locative affix, -et, meaning 'at (or in) the 
 place of much wood.' 
 
 Mashanticut, mod. Shantituck, a brook in Cranston and 
 Warwick, R. I., shows another form of the name. Roger 
 Williams wrote it "Miskuntatuk"
 
 26 
 
 , MHs/itrnfu.rrt, etc. (Moh.) : a tract 
 reserved for the Groton Pequots now in the town of 
 Ledyard; "for the most part a region of craggy, ^well-forested 
 hills" (Hist, of N. London, 604). This seems to be a 
 diminutive of the preceding name, distinguishing the 'smaller 
 wooded tract of land' from the Mohegan reservation on the 
 other side of the Thames. (Occasionally, the name occurs 
 in the records as Masliantucket without the characteristic s 
 of the diminutive.) President Stiles, 1761, wrote it, "Mtts- 
 sJinntucksett" and "Mauskantuxet." 
 
 Massliattaneeseck (Narr.) : a hill a mile and a half no. 
 "of Pahcupog pond, two and a half miles s. e. of Paychaiossuck" 
 on Shannock river. Col. Rec., ii. 314. In Charlestown, R. I. 
 The name seems to stand for massa-adene-suck 'great-hill 
 brook' or water-source ; and, if so, properly belongs to some 
 brook near the hill.' 
 
 MasJiapaug. See Massapaug. 
 
 Mashpeay. See Massapeag. 
 
 Mattabesic, Massdbeset; in Middletown. Otherwise 
 written, Mattabesicke (i6^}^.Matabezeke (1646), Mattapeaset 
 (1657), etc.; Matozvepesack, in Uncas's deed to Guilford, 
 1665, Mattabesett, Ind. deed, 1673. In "Indian Geographical 
 Names," p. 35, I suggested an interpretation of this name, 
 which I now know to be wrong. Massabeset denotes a place 
 ' at a (relatively) great rivulet, or brook,' massa-sepues-ct ; at 
 the greater of the two small rivers that run to the Connecticut, 
 in Middletown. Massa, 'great,' became in some local idioms 
 mathe, ancl was easily corrupted to matta (comp. Massachusetts, 
 often written, by the English, Mattachusetts, and occasionally, 
 Massatusets and Mattathusetts)\ so, sepuese 'little river,' may 
 have readily passed to the modern " Sebethe" 
 
 Mattapoiset river, which gives name to a town in Massa- 
 chusetts and Matapuyst or Mattapoiset (now Gardner's) 
 neck, in Swansey, Mass., between two small rivers (of which 
 Cole's, in the west, is relatively the 'great') present other 
 forms of the name. 
 
 It is possible, but does not seem to me probable, that massa 
 and matta stand for matche 'bad.' If so, the name would
 
 27 
 
 designate a place 'at a bad small cove, or piece of water' 
 (matche-pe-es-et}, i. e. a place unfavorable for the passage or 
 shelter of canoes. 
 
 Mat acomacok : a swamp west of Windsor bounds, 
 1665. Stiles's Windsor, 109. In Simsbury or Bloomfield. 
 For matche-komuk-auke ' bad-place land ' ('place of bad land'). 
 Abnaki, matsi-kamighe 'where the path is bad.' 
 
 Matacompemiscok (Peq.) : a place " up the country," 
 25 m. from Mamaniskuck (which see); the no. bound, on 
 Pawcatuck river, of Soso's deed to the settlers of Westerly, 
 R. I. Westerly T. Rec., i. 3. 
 
 Mlattatuck; earlier, Matetacoke (1657), Matitacoocke 
 (1673) : a tract of land, including "the hill from which John 
 Andrews and John Stanley brought the black-lead." Indian 
 Deed of 1657. This hill has not been identified. The 
 plantation "at Mattatuck, situate on each side of the 
 Mattatuck river," commenced in 1674, was named Waterbury, 
 in 1686. (The village of East Litchfield was, until recently, 
 called Mattatuc.) The name (matuh'tugk} designates a 
 ' place without wood ' or ' badly wooded ' ; and Matitacooke 
 (mat ' uhtugk-ohke) is 'land not-wooded,' destitute of trees. 
 
 [2. Mattitnck (al. Mattatock, N. Haven Rec., ii. 233) : a 
 village in Southold, L. I., near the w. end of the town. The 
 name was given a tract of land, partly in Southold, and 
 including the present town of Riverhead ; and to a large 
 pond between Peconic Bay and the Sound. Prime's L. 
 Island, 31, 142.] 
 
 Mataubauti : high land in the no. part of Stamford. 
 Huntington's Stamford, i, 3. Perhaps from an Indian called 
 Alatnmpun, who joined in the sale to Norwalk of lands e. of 
 Pampeshkeshanke brook, in 1652. Hall's Norwalk, 35. 
 His name signified 'The Morning' (or 'Daylight'); Narr. 
 maiitaban (R. W.), Mass, mohtompan. 
 
 Matianoch", Mattancauy : near the mouth of Farm- 
 ington river, in Windsor. Mattanag (1640), C. Rec, i. 50. 
 A rramamet, described in 1636 as "sachem of Matianocke" 
 then lived near the present line between Windsor and 
 Hartford.
 
 28 
 
 t : " an island upon Windsor rivulet [Tunxis, 
 or Farmington river], at a place called by the Indians 
 Matumpseck" was sold by a Poquannoc Indian in 1670. 
 Stiles's Windsor, 109. This island is supposed to be the one 
 that is nearly opposite the point called Indian Neck, 
 in Poquannoc. The name means ' bad rock/ mat-ompsk. 
 [" Break Neck " was the name given by Windsor men to the 
 declivity opposite Indian Neck, on the east side of Tunxis 
 river.] 
 
 JJfautunsq (Qunnip.) : West Rock, near New Haven. 
 Pres. Stiles's MS. Itinerary, iv. 143, on the authority of an 
 Indian born in East Haven. This is probably the equivalent 
 of the preceding name, with dialectic variation ; mat-ompsk 
 ' bad (i. e. steep, difficult) rock.' 
 
 MawnantucJc. See Manatuck. 
 
 Maw-iniagwaug. See Mamaquaog. 
 
 Maximus. See Machemux. 
 
 Mayanexit, Mananexit (Nipm.): an Indian village in 
 or near the north part of Woodstock [now Thompson], " near 
 unto a fresh river, upon the west of it, called Mohegan [now 
 Quinebaug] river." Gookin, 1674. The river which was 
 "formerly called Mayenexit " was "now Quinebaug," in 1694. 
 C. R. Lands, ii. 244. Al. Mayaneexit, Myanexit. The 
 meaning of the name is not known. It may have been 
 formed from mayano ' there is a path, or road,' or its parti- 
 cipial, maanog 'where the path is,' since the Indian village 
 was near the old "Connecticut Path" to and from Massachu- 
 setts ; but if so, the termination or affix is obscure : or, it 
 may come from miyanau ' he gathers together,' participial 
 mayanuk ' when (or where) he gathers them together,' - 
 alluding to the establishment of a community of Christian 
 Indians at this place. 
 
 Mayawaug : land comprised in the deed of Major J. 
 Pynchon to Suffield planters. Syke's Hist. Address, p. 32. 
 The name seems to designate a 'place of meeting' where 
 paths, or streams, or boundaries, ' come together.' 
 
 Mayomansuck (Moh.): "a small pond, southward of a 
 bare hill betw. Flat Rock and Egunk cedar-swamp," f m. north
 
 29 
 
 of Shawwamug (the crotch of Pachaug river). Chandler's 
 Survey, 1705. "Maumunsvck, a path betw. two ponds, N. 7 
 E. 1 88 perch from Shawwunk, where two streams meet." C. 
 Archives, T. & L., yii. 178. In the s. e. part of Griswold. 
 See Makmansuck. The name designates the outlet which 
 unites the two ponds (near Glasko's). 
 
 Meminketuch' (Moh.) : Guilford, or Guilford West 
 River, which retains the name: al. Manuncatuck (1641), 
 Mununketttcke (and Munnuck-}, Monunkatuck, Memmqua- 
 tucke. Probably, 'Menhaden country,' from muno n qutteau 
 (iininnoliquohteau, Eliot,) 'that which fertilizes or manures 
 land' when comes Narr. munnawhatteatig, (R. Williams,) 
 the Indian name of white-fish or bony-fish, 'fertilizers,' now 
 corrupted to Menhaden. These fish, taken in great abundance 
 on the shores of Guilford, Madison, and Clinton, were highly 
 valued by the Indians, for manuring their corn-land. 
 
 Mennnkateset. See Manunkateset. 
 
 Meshapoclt brook, in Middlebury. See Massapaug (6). 
 
 Meshotn'asic ; " colloquially, Som'ersic: " a hill in the 
 s. e. corner of Glastonbury, and the no. end of Chatham, 
 " Rattlesnake Hill." Glast. Centenn., 16. Formerly written, 
 Mesomersic, Mesomnssuck, etc. There is no foundation for 
 Dr. Chapin's interpretation of the name, by "great rattle- 
 snake, or abundance of rattlesnakes;" but I can suggest 
 nothing better, unless we may, by some steep declivity or 
 deep chasm, identify it with Massawomasog, q. v. 
 
 Metichawon : the falls of Housatonic river, at New 
 Milford. Trumbull's Hist, of Conn., ii. 83. "These stopped 
 the progress of the large fish, and made it formerly one of 
 the best fishing-places for shad, herring, etc., in the colony." 
 The name denotes an 'obstruction' or 'turning back' (the 
 fish). 
 
 Mianus river : in Greenwich and Stamford ; and trans- 
 ferred to a village at the junction of this river with Coscob 
 cove. For " Mayanno's," as the river and neck of land 
 were called, from the Indian proprietor, Mayanno or Me/ianno, 
 who was killed by Capt. Patrick, in 1643. " May anno es neck" 
 (Green w. Records, 1664). " Mayane, a sachem residing..
 
 30 
 
 between Greenwich and Stamford." N. Y. Col. Mss., i. 186. 
 His name signifies " He who gathers together." 
 
 Minn<ib<uj (Narr.): " a long pond near the beach," in 
 Westerly, R. I., now called Babcock's (and West Massachaug) 
 pond. Col. Rec., ii. 288, note; Potter's Hist, of Narrag., 
 65. See Muxquata, and Teapanock. 
 
 Minacommuck. See Mnnnacommnck. 
 
 ? Minnecha n rj : a hill in the n. e. part of Glastonbury. 
 Glast. Centen., 18. In this form, it means 'huckleberry 
 hill,' min ne-adchn-auke ; but it is by no means certain that 
 the modern name is not greatly corrupted. 
 
 Mi-oo r nkh-t n7t: East Haven. The name, and its 
 pronunciation, are given as President Stiles heard it, in 1787, 
 from an Indian who was born in East Haven. It denotes 
 'meeting of tidal-rivers' or 'where tidal-rivers come together,' 
 and it probably belonged to "Dragon Point," in Fair Haven, 
 between the estuaries of Quinnipiac and Mill rivers. 
 
 VMiossehassaky: "The meadows bordering the Armonck 
 [Byram river] were called Haseco andMwsse/iassa&y." Bolton's 
 Westchester, ii. 16. " Miossehassaky extended from The 
 Brothers [two small streams in Greenwich] to Byram river." 
 Mead's Greenwich, 20; but I do not find this name on the 
 Greenwich records. If genuine, it may be identical with 
 Narr. Moshassuck (Providence, R. L), denoting 'great fresh- 
 meadow ' or marshy land. 
 
 Mishanups. See Moshenupsuck. 
 
 Misquam'icuk,, Squomfacuk (Narr.) : the south- 
 western part of the township of Westerly, R. I., near the 
 mouth of Pawcatuck river, "and towards the southernmost 
 end, being a neck." See Potter's Narrag., 244. The varieties 
 of form of this name are innumerable : Misquamicoke, 
 Misquamakuck, Ascomicntt, Squamcot, Misquamacut, etc. 
 It comes from Narr. mishquamaug, m squamaug, ' salmon,' 
 and auke ' place ' (or, with the locative affix, ut), and denotes 
 a place for taking salmon. 
 
 M/issatcJiawaff (Moh.) : in the w. bounds of the 
 Nipmuck country, betw. Wequepamish and Elatt. See 
 Oweneco's deed to Jas. Fitch, 1684. In Stafford or Somers?
 
 31 
 
 Col. Rec. Lands, iii. 156. For massa-adchu-ank 'at the great 
 hill'? 
 
 Mi stick (Moh.), mod. Mystic river, between Stonington 
 and Groton. The name properly belongs to the estuary, 
 missi-tuk 'great tidal-river.' The 'great river' of Boston 
 bay, which separates Charlestown from Maiden and Chelsea, 
 its estuary receiving Charles river bears the same name. 
 See Ind. Geogr. Names, p. 8. 
 
 Mistiicksuck, -set (Moh.): a brook about two miles e. 
 from Mistick river, running southerly to the head of Quiam- 
 baug cove ; sometimes called Copp's Brook. The name 
 means 'Mistick brook' (missituk-snck) , or, 'at little Mistick' 
 (missituks-ef). 
 
 Moheyan, Monheganick (Moh.): the territory occu- 
 pied by Uncas and his band of Mohegans (Muh/iekaneiik], at 
 the coming of the English. The name was specially appro- 
 priated to a tract of land near the great bend of the river 
 Thames, south of Trading Cove, now the township of Mont- 
 ville (including the villages of Uncasville and Mohegan). 
 " Uncas, alias Okoco, the Monahegan sachem, in the twist of 
 Pequod river" (J. Winthrop, 1638); "Monahiggin, Onkace his 
 town" (R. Williams, 1638); Monahiganick (id.); Munhicke 
 (Jona. Brewster, 1638). The Thames was sometimes called 
 " Mohegan river," but more commonly, " Pequod river." 
 The Mohegans or Muhhekanneuk took their tribe-name from 
 the Algonkin maingan 'a wolf (Chip. ma-ing-un,mi-een'gan; 
 Cree, mahtgguii), and Monheganick = Chip, maniganikan 
 'country of wolves.' 
 
 Mottiaycywetuck (Quineb.) brook : now Rowland's 
 Brook, in Canterbury ; runs southerly to the Quinebaug. 
 Col. Rec. Lands, ii. 166. 
 
 VMonakeweyo: Greenwich Point, formerly Elizabeth 
 Neck. Mead's Greenwich, 22. 
 
 Monheayan. See Moheagan. 
 
 Monhunyamtck pond : in n. e. corner of Voluntown, 
 on the State line ; now Bailey Pond. Miss Larned's map, in 
 Hist. Windham Co. 
 
 Mo it tff uk. See Manatuck.
 
 32 
 
 MotttonoHesuck (Moh.) : "brook on which Mr. Win- 
 throp's saw-mill stood," in 1663. Col. Rec., iii. 479. Uncas 
 claimed this as the so. bound of Mohegan land. Called by 
 the English, Alewife Brook. It runs into Bolles's (formerly, 
 Smith's) Cove, about 3 m. above New London. 
 
 [MoittoH't'se: a railroad station and post-office in East 
 Haven, named from Mautowese, an Indian, the son or nephew 
 of Sowheag of Mattabesic, who conveyed to the planters of 
 New Haven, in 1638, his lands north of Quinnipiac. N. H. 
 Col. Rec., i. 5. His name (a diminutive of Manito) means 
 ' Little God.'] 
 
 Monw7icho(/ok. See Manchaug. 
 
 Mooapaske: a place where land granted by Stonington 
 to Thomas Minor was laid out to him in 1667. Minor's MS. 
 Diary. The name seems to denote 'black-muddy,' or miry, 
 land (nicoe-pesugke). 
 
 Jtfoodus. See Machemoodus. 
 
 Moosamuttuck (Moh.) : a Mohegan name of the East 
 River of Manunketuck (Guilford), .or of a tract of land on 
 this river, in Uncas's second deed to Guilford, 1641. See 
 Ruttawoo. 
 
 Jtfoosup (formerly, Moosup's) river : flows westerly through 
 Sterling and Plainfield, to the Quinebaug. So called, from 
 Maussup, the Narraganset sachem, better known as Pessicus, 
 brother of Miantonomo. A pond in the n. e. part of 
 Plainfield (one of the feeders of the river), and a manufacturing 
 village and railroad station in Plainfield, bear the same name. 
 
 JHoshenupsucft (Moh.) : the outlet of Moslienups (now 
 Snipsic) pond which lies in Tolland, Ellington, and the n. e. 
 angle of Vernon. " Moshe-nup-suck, at the so. end of a pond" 
 (Chandler's Survey, 1705) was the n. w. corner bound of the 
 Mohegan country and the s. w. bound of Wabaquasset. The 
 name was transferred to the stream which flowed from 
 the pond, now Hockanum river. "A great pond called 
 Misshinaps" Col. Rec. Lds., ii. 118; " Messhenups pond/' 
 id., iii. 164. 
 
 MosKowungganuck (Narr.) : a tract allotted to Nini- 
 gret's daughter, by the General Court in 1676. Col. Rec.,
 
 33 
 
 ii. 289. In the n. w. part of Westerly or s. w. part of 
 Hopkinton, R. I., ' on the great bend ' (mashe-wongun-uK) of 
 Pawcatuck river. 
 
 ?Muchuncoh8OT Sasqiif/: the will of William Frost 
 of Uncowa (Fairfield), 1644, devises "meadow lying at 
 Muchuncohsor Sasqug, commonly so called," as appears 
 by the record, in Col. Rec., i. 465. This is, perhaps, an error 
 of the recorder, for " Muchumohs or Sasqug." See Machemus. 
 and Sasquanough. 
 
 Jltintiacommiick : a tract of land, e. of Shepaug river, 
 comprising two-thirds of the township of Roxbury and the 
 n. w. border of Southbury, is described, in an Indian deed to 
 Woodbury, 1686, as "near to the place commonly called by 
 us Munnacommuck " Cothren's Woodbury, i. 25. This was, 
 doubtless, the ' island place/ mtmnoh-komuk, made by 
 the divided stream of Shepaug river, now misnamed 
 " Paquabaug" (q. v.). 
 
 2. Minnacommuck : an island in a cedar swamp, near 
 Borden's or Chapman pond in Westerly, R. I., about 2 m. 
 east from Pawcatuck bridge. Potter's Narraganset, 65 ; 
 Parsons's Ind. Names, 17. Mincamikek, Parsons, 10. 
 
 [3. 'Mincommnck: the Great or North Meadow in Hatfield, 
 Mass. Judd's Hadley, 115, 116.] 
 
 Manhan, Manhan: in Waterbury, on the e. side of 
 Naugatuck river : mentioned in the town records as " Manhan 
 meadow," which, as the name shows, was once ' an island,' 
 munriohhan. An offset from the main stream of the Nauga- 
 tuck flowed on the e. side of the meadow, to the Great Brook. 
 Bronson's Waterbury, 96. 
 
 [2. " The brook below Munhan, called Sankwonk" now 
 Manhan river, Easthampton, Mass., was the so. bound on 
 Conn, river of John Pynchon's purchase of Nonotuck (North- 
 ampton), 1653. Judd's Hadley, 114,43. Munhan was the 
 island made at the "Ox Bow" of the Connecticut] 
 
 Mwnh'Umsqueeg. See Manhumsqueeg. 
 
 Munnawtaivkit and Manittuwond, are named by 
 Roger Williams, 1637, as islands to which the Pequots came 
 to fish and plant corn ; one of which was called by the 
 5
 
 34 
 
 English, Plum Island. 4 Mass. Hist. Coll.,vi. 189, 190. The 
 other was, probably, Fisher's Island. Munnatawkit seems 
 to be the equivalent of Montaukit (Montauk) and of Manatuck 
 with the locative suffix : and the name may have been given 
 to Fisher's Island, from its high western bluff, or its yet 
 higher central hill. 
 
 Miissaco. See Massaco. 
 
 Miikquata, Mtixquataug (Narr.): a neck of land in 
 Westerly, R. I., between Babcock's and Quonaquataug ponds, 
 extending to the sea, at Noyes's Point. This tract was in the 
 east border of the Pequot country. It was sometimes called 
 Wecapaug Neck. Potter's Narrag., 56, 267. Musquetta, 
 Col. Rec., ii. 228 ; Muxquetaugh, Pres. Stiles, 1761, MS. ; 
 Muxquetau, C. Rec. Lands, i. 435. From Narrag. muskechoge 
 'rushes,' a 'place of rushes' or, mukkosqut 'meadow,' from 
 the same root. 
 
 My stick. See Mistick. 
 
 Nagatosett. See Oxecoset. 
 
 Na-iivayonk, mod. Noank: a point of land, west of 
 Mistick bay, in Groton : Noangk, No'idnk, Pres. Stiles, MS. 1 761. 
 In the Records of the Comm'rs of the U. Colonies, it is 
 variously written, Naiwayonk, Nowayonk, Neweacke, Naweage, 
 Nawayack, Nawyunckque, etc. It is the Mohegan equivalent 
 of Mass, nalag ' a point.' See Nayaug. 
 
 UTamareckj -roake, Namelake : on or near Connec- 
 ticut river in East Windsor, no. of Namerick (now further 
 corrupted to "May Luck") brook. Stiles's Windsor, m- 
 113; Judd's Hadley, 43. Dialectic variations, and corruptions, 
 of nam'e-auke or nameock ' fishing place.' 
 
 Nameock, Nameauy (Moh.) : New London ; name-auk 
 'fishing place,' or where fish are taken. Nameocke, Gov. 
 Hopkins, 1648 ; otherwise, Nameugg, Nameacke, Nammiog, 
 Namyok, etc. 
 
 Natnucksuck (Moh.) : on the w. side of Thames river, 
 4 or 5 miles above New London. Hist. N. London, 123. 
 The name designates a 'fishing-place (name-auk} at the 
 outlet (suck) ' or mouth of a brook which may have been 
 Oxopaugsuck or Cochikuack brook, near Uncasville.
 
 35 
 
 ?Nansquatbf/ (Nipm.) : a tract on Quinebaug river, 
 "above the meeting of the two rivers," sold by a Nipmuck 
 Indian in 1684. Stonington T. Rec. Lands. 
 
 ?Nantasket brook : in the s. e. part of Pomfret, running 
 no. to Mashamoquet brook near its junction with the 
 Quinebaug. Miss E. D. Larned, from a deed in 1714. 
 
 Narraganset: the anglicized name of the country of 
 the Nahiganeilk (Nanhigganeuck}, the "Nahicans" of the 
 early Dutch explorers. The tribal name denotes 'people of 
 the point,' from their original location near Point Judith pond 
 and its west branch, Fish pond : from naiag, ' a point of land ' 
 (dimin. naiagans) ; with the locative affix, Naiaganset ' at or 
 about the point.' See my edition of R. Williams's Key, p. 
 22 (note). Wequapaug brook (q. v.), about 4 m. east of 
 Pawcatuck river was the boundary between the Narragansets 
 and their enemies, the Pequot-Mohegans. 
 
 Narshapor/ye. See Neeshapaug. 
 
 Nashaivay, Nashawoy. See Ashawog. 
 
 Natchauy river : formed by the union of Bigelow's and 
 Still rivers in Eastford, flows s. s. w. through Chaplin, receives 
 Mount Hope river, in the s. e. part of Mansfield, and joins 
 Willimantic river, near Willimantic borough, to form the 
 Shetucket. Its name is transferred from a tract of 'land 
 between ' the rivers, nashau-auke. See Ashawog. 
 
 Nunbuc: in Glastonbury ; "a broad plain extending from 
 Roaring brook to E. Hartford line." Glast. Centenn., 18. 
 Nabuck, 1684, Col. Rec., iii. 163, 246. The west and n. w. 
 part of Glastonbury, a village, and post-office, retain the 
 name. Formerly, it was occasionally written and pronounced 
 Hanahbake or Hanabuc (Barber's Hist. Coll., 93 ; Glast. 
 Centenn., 18), and in these forms the original a'upauk 
 ' flooded ' or ' overflowed ' land, is more easily detected than 
 in the established corruption, Naubuc. 
 
 Nauf/atuck : a name transferred to the river from some 
 locality on or near it, and from the river to the valley and 
 town. " Nagatuck river" was named in the first deed to 
 Thomas Wheeler, in 1657, and M Nawcotuck river," in an 
 Indian deed, 1668 ; but elsewhere it is " the river that cometh
 
 36 
 
 from Nawgatuck? 1676 (Col. Rec., ii. 304); "towards 
 " Nagantucks" 1672 (id. 233) ; "the fishing place at Nauga- 
 tnck" reserved in an Indian deed of land, now in Seymour 
 village, in 1678 (Orcutt's Derby, 70). Pres. Stiles gave the 
 pronunciation of the name, as he heard it from a Paugesset 
 Indian in 1787, " Nau-ka-tungk, or Derby Bridge": and 
 this confirms the traditional origin of the name, from a 
 remarkable single tree, which probably served as a land mark, 
 nankot-tungk (Mass. neqnt-tugK) 'one tree.' This tree is 
 said to have stood near Rock Rimmon, in what is now 
 Seymour. See Barber's Hist. Coll. ; Bronson's Waterbury, 
 15 ; Orcutt's Derby, xciv.^(and compare p. 443, where the 
 writer proposes ' fishing place at the falls,' as a translation of 
 the name which he thinks may be a corruption of Amaug-suck, 
 This interpretation is inadmissible, since amaug is an insep- 
 arable generic, used only at the end of a compound name, 
 where it is equivalent to nameaug, at the beginning. Comp. 
 Nameaug and Namucksuck.) 
 
 Naivbesetnclt : in Mansfield, formerly called 'the Ponds', 
 or ' Ponds Place.' The name comes from the pond (mippees) 
 at Mansfield Centre : nuppeeit oJike ' land at the Pond.' 
 
 Nayantacawn&ck (Narr.): an island, proposed by Roger 
 Williams, as a suitable place of residence for the captive 
 Pequots, in 1637. 4 M. H. C., vi. 201. For Nayantic-acaw- 
 muck ' over against^Niantic ' ? Fisher's Island ? or Plum Island ? 
 
 Nayantaquit, Nianticut: the territory occupied by 
 the sea-side Indians, e. and w. of the Pequot country, about 
 the ' river points ' of Pawcatuck, Thames, and Niantic rivers.. 
 Na'iantukq-ut (Narrag. and Moh.) signifies ' at a point of land 
 on a (tidal) river/ or estuary : 
 
 1. Western Nianticut, betw. Thames river and the Con- 
 necticut. The territory best known by the name, NeJiantick, 
 Naantucke, Naihantick, etc., mod. Niantic, is about Niantic 
 bay and river, in East Lyme and the w. part of Waterford. 
 " Pequot Nayantaquit," mentioned by R. Williams, 1637-38, 
 appears to have been in New London and the s. e. part of 
 Waterford, near Alewife Cove. 
 
 2. Eastern Nianticut (Roger Williams's " Nayanticut 
 hither,") was betw. Pawcatuck river and Point Judith, R. I.,
 
 37 
 
 along the line of salt ponds. The fort of Ninigret, chief 
 sachem of the eastern Niantics, was on Fort Neck, on the 
 great pond in Charlestown. 
 
 Ncii/any, ^(u/df/e: the 'point' or 'corner' (natag) 
 between Roaring brook and Conn, river, in the s. w. part of 
 Glastonbury. See Naiwayonk. 
 
 2. The south point of Mason's Island, in Mystic bay. 
 
 Naj/tunit: a bound of land sold to Moses Wheeler 
 of Stratford, by Womphege, in 1659, "along Potatuck 
 [Housatonic] river, the east end of it being on a small river 
 which they say is Nayump" and the w. end bounded, its 
 whole length, on "a gaeat rock;" from which, or from some 
 other rock, came the name nai-ompsk ' point of rock.' The land 
 was taken into Stratford by the extension of the bounds of 
 that town northward. Col. Rec., iii. 164. The small river, 
 called Far Mill river, in the lower part of its course to the 
 Housatonic, divides Stratford and Huntington. 
 
 2. Nayumps : " a place called Nayumps" between Beacon 
 Hill river (near the so. line of Naugatuck) and Lebanon 
 brook (running into the Naugatuck at Beacon Falls), was sold 
 by Cockapatana and other Indians, in 1709. Orcutt's Derby, 
 1 19. The name may have belonged lo High Rock on the w. 
 side of the river (above Beacon Falls village), or to some less 
 remarkable 'point of rock' on the e. side. A school-district 
 in Beacon Falls, about 2 m. east of the Naugatuck, is called 
 Nyumphs. 
 
 Neaitoquaheagunnuch (Quineb.) : claimed as an e. 
 bound of Quinebaug lands, not far from Atchaubenuck, the 
 s. e. corner. C. R. Lands, ii. 308. Eastcrigw&di Eascoheague, 
 in the s. w. part of West Greenwich (and n. w. part of 
 Exeter), R. I., are modern corruptions of the name. 
 
 Nehantic. See Nayantaquit. 
 
 Neiteeguoweese S the Mohegan name of Ouonaquataug 
 pond, in Charlestown, R. I., near the sea. Wecapaug brook 
 runs into it, near the west end. See Indian Map, in Mass. 
 Archives, xxx. 113; Potter's Narrag., 267. Pespataug"W& 
 another name for this pond. 
 
 : 'Nemo's place,' easterly from the Great
 
 38 
 
 Falls of the Quinebaug, where Nemo, a kinsman of Ayumps, 
 the Quinebaug sachem, had a fort. Ind. Testimony, 1716. 
 It was at Acquiunk, a point at the junction of the Quinebaug 
 and Assawog rivers, now in Danielsonville. Miss Larned's 
 Hist, of Windham Co., i. 4. 
 
 Nepash. See Nepaug. 
 
 Nepaiiy : a small stream running through New Hartford 
 from n. w. to s. e., to Farmington river ; which gives the name 
 to a village and post-office. On Blodgett's map, Nepash. 
 The two forms may stand for the two forms of the plural of 
 nippe 'water': nippeog and nippeash 'waters': but more 
 probably the modern name has lost the first syllable of the 
 original, and stands for either nunnipaug 'fresh pond' or 
 wunnepaug ' good pond,' with reference to the source of the 
 stream, "Shepherd's Pond." 
 
 Neeshapauy, Nashapoy : from neesh ' two ' and paug 
 'pond ;' described in Weramaug's deed of 1716 as "two ponds 
 near together": in (West) Goshen, sources of the east 
 branch of Shepaug river. The larger, Mashepaug 'great 
 pond' (now Tyler's pond), by contraction ' 'Shepattg, gave a 
 name to the river : the smaller is now called West Side 
 pond : on Blodgett's map it is " Pauge pond." On the early 
 Goshen records (see Power's Centen. Address, 17) the small 
 pond is called Narshapogge. (A modern map gives the name 
 of Marshapogge to both.) See Nisopack. 
 
 Neshiinganeset brook : near the junction of Ashawog 
 with Pawcatuck river. Potter's Narragan sett, 65. In Hopkin- 
 ton, R. I., near the Connecticut line ? 
 
 Newashe: South Windsor; the land between Scantic 
 and Podunk rivers. Ind. deed of 1636, on Windsor Records. 
 In 1614, the Dutch explorers of the Connecticut, found an 
 Indian town, fortified by a stockade, in lat. 41 48' no., very 
 near the mouth of Podunk river, if their observation was 
 well taken : the Indians were called Nawaas, and their 
 sagamore was Morahieck. See De Laet's Novus Orbis (ed. 
 1633), P- 7 2 - Newashe is probably the equivalent of the 
 Dutch Nawaas ; but I can make nothing of the name in 
 either form.
 
 39 
 
 NeivicJiawannak (Nipm.) : a hill in the s. e. part of 
 Pomfret and n. e. part of Brooklyn, near which Gov. Belcher's 
 "Manor of Wiltshire" was laid out, in 1714. Conn. Arch., 
 T. & L. iii. 29. " NewitcJiawannah hills," in Col, Rec. Lands, 
 ii. 203. The name means 'at the fork of the streams.' See 
 Compos. Ind. Geogr. Names, 12. 
 
 Niantic. See Nayantaquit. 
 
 Xiptnuck, -muff, Hipnet: the territory of the Nipmuck 
 i. e. the 'fresh water' Indians. From nippe 'fresh water'; 
 nip-amaug 'fresh-water fishing-place'; nippenit 'in a place 
 of water' or 'well-watered.' Nipmucks, i. e. 'fresh water 
 fishermen ' was a general name for the inland Indians betw. 
 eastern Massachusetts and the valley of the Connecticut. 
 Their principal seats were no. of the Conn, line, in Worcester 
 county, Mass., and along Nipmuck (now Blackstone) river. 
 "The Nipmuck path" led up from Wequagnoc on the 
 Shetucket, near Norwich Town, by the valley of Abaquag 
 (Little) river, to Abaquag meadow. Conn. Arch., T. & L. 
 ii. 271. 
 
 Nippowance. See Rippowams. 
 
 Nipsic, Nipsu ck : "an elevated plateau, nearly in the 
 centre of the town of Glastonbury." Glast. Centenn., 18. 
 "A clear, cool, bubbling fountain" of ferruginous water, "for 
 more than one hundred years has been known in the vicinity 
 by the name of the 'pool at Nipsuck.'" Ibid., and Pease 
 and Niles's Gazetteer, 1819. From nippis, nips, 'a pool' and 
 auke ' place.' 
 
 Nisopack: a pond in Ridgefield. Rev. S. Goodrich, 
 1800. The equivalent of Neeshapaug (q. v.) meaning 'two 
 ponds' or 'double pond.' The name belonged, either, to 
 Great and Little Ponds, so called, (the former, near the n. w. 
 corner of Redding,) or to " Bennett's ponds," near the 
 Danbury line. 
 
 PNisquitianxset (Narr.) : land in Westerly and Charles- 
 town, R. I., east of, between Misquamicut and Wecapaug, on 
 the sea. Potter's Narrag., 249; Parsons, 19. 
 
 ?Niuppaquaxhneay brook : runs southerly from Pocata- 
 paug pond in Chatham, to Salmon river, in Haddam neck,
 
 40 
 
 opposite Mount Tom. C. Rec. Lands, i. 436. Now called 
 Pine brook. The name, evidently corrupted, probably 
 represents wunni-appaquosinne-auke 'good flag place* or 
 where flags (appoquosinash, for making mats, etc.) are plenty. 
 Comp. Abaqnagy and Wabaquasset. 
 
 \oniH'U'<uif/: the e. branch of Pomperaug river, in 
 Woodbury ; originally, a tract of land on or near that river, 
 nnnnaw-auke (nunoh-oJike, Eliot,) 'dry land.' It gave a name 
 to one of the Indian proprietors of the township, a Potatuck, 
 who appears in Indian deeds (printed in Cothren's Wood- 
 bury, 27-30,) as Nunnawauk, Nunnawake, Nunnawaake ; 
 " Nonnewauk of Potatuck," 1705 (Col. Rec. Lds., ii. 377); 
 Nonawak (N. Milford deed, 1703) ; Nanazvaug, 1711 (Orcutt's 
 Derby, 120). 
 
 Nooz<i-i)oye (Narr.) : a fresh pond in Westerly, R. I. Its 
 e. end was in the w. bounds of land laid out to Harvard 
 college, in the Pequot country, 1675. Stonington T. Rec. 
 Lds., ii. 86. For Neeshapaugf or, N6osup -paug ' beaver pond ' ? 
 
 JVovoton neck : in s. w. corner of Darien, betw. Good- 
 wife river and Noroton bay. The river which divides Darien 
 from Stamford retains the name. Huntington's Stamford, 
 6, 154; C. R. Lds., ii. 322. Another form of Roaivayton, or 
 Roaton, the sachemdom of Piamikee. See Roawayton. 
 
 Nor walk : the modern form of a name which first appears 
 in the Colonial Records as Norwaake, Norwauke, and Nor- 
 waack. C. R., i. 210, 224, 228. In the Indian deed to Roger 
 Ludlow (as printed) "the river called Norwake" is the w. 
 bound. Hall's Norwalk, 30, 31. Elsewhere, Norwoake (1662), 
 Norwake (1661), etc. The fact that the modern spelling of 
 the name was not generally adopted for ten years after the 
 purchase and settlement of the town, is a sufficient reason 
 for rejecting the traditional derivation from the day's " north 
 walk," to which the bounds of the plantation were extended, 
 from the sea. The name seems to be the equivalent of 
 Nayaugt Noyack, Nyack, etc., ' a point of land.' 
 
 Nuequiauke: land on the forks of Salmon river, sold 
 by Seanan to Rich. Lord, 1659. Col. Rec.,ii. 97 ; C. R. Lds., 
 iii. 36.
 
 41 
 
 See Wanungatuck. 
 
 Wupslio liana (1681), Nipsquanauge (1691): a tract of 
 land at "the west end of Little Lebanon," granted to John 
 Tracy. Miss F. M. Caulkins, MS. In Bozrah ? 
 
 yywniplis. See Nayump (2). 
 
 Obscob. See Webomskat. 
 Obtvebituck. See Anqnebatnck. 
 
 Ohontowatlfce (Moh.): a hiding place of the Pequots, in 
 the Pine Swamp (Cuppacommock), now in Ledyard. Roger 
 Williams (in 3 M. H. C., i. 163) gives the meaning of the 
 name, "owls' nest:" literally, ' owl-place,' or a resort of owls, 
 mhcomau-auke. 
 
 Onay unset. See Wunnegunset. 
 
 Oneco : a station on the N. Y. and N. E. Railroad (and 
 a post-office), in Sterling, near the e. line of the State, are 
 so named, from Oneco, or Oweneco, a son of Uncas, the 
 Mohegan sachem. 
 
 '/Orenauy: given by Cothren, Hist, of Woodbury, i. 12, 
 as (the Indian ?) name of the rocky hill e. of the main street, 
 in Woodbury. 
 
 Oronoke. See Woronoke. 
 Ousdtonur. See Housatonic. 
 
 OusrlHuihinn.fiufl : a part of Windsor, or some locality 
 in ancient Windsor bounds. Stiles's Windsor, 19. Probably, 
 a ' fishing-place for eels, or lampreys.' (Del. schachamek, an 
 eel, from oitschacheu ' smooth, slippery ' : schachamtki " the 
 place of eels," Heckewelder's Indian Names.) Skunkamug 
 appears to be a contraction, or corruption of this name : and 
 Chesechankamuck (q. v.) is perhaps an equivalent, with the 
 prefix of chc (for k'che) ' great.' 
 
 Otrcd it foitnoc. See Weantinock. 
 Ow-wee-on-huny-ya-nuch' (Moh.): a place "where 
 the people go to catch salmon" on Willimantic river, "half a 
 mile below the road from Hartford to Woodstock." Chandler's 
 Survey, 1705 : Oivwaenunggannunck, ibid. (Map). Between 
 Willington and Tolland. 
 
 Ootfeco'set: creek and salt-meadow in Stonington, i m. 
 northeasterly from the borough, on the road to Westerly, R. I. 
 6
 
 42 
 
 This, the modern form of the name, forbids analysis. If it 
 nearly represents the Indian pronunciation, it might be 
 resolved into oggussc ' small ' (comp. OxopaugsucK} and coasset 
 ' place of small pine trees' : or might be formed from okkissego 
 'productive/ 'fertile' (Pierson): but neither of these inter- 
 pretations seems appropriate to the locality that now bears 
 the name. Nagatoset and "Nagatositck meadow" (named 
 in Manasseh Minor's diary, 1699,) perhaps belong to the 
 same locality. 
 
 Oacopaugsuck (Moh.) : now Oxoboxo, Okseboksee, and 
 Oxyboxy ; "a small pond in the no. parish of New London 
 [now Montville] and a wild dashing brook which issues from 
 it and flows s. e. to the Thames," near Uncasville. Miss 
 Caulkins's New London, 1 23. Otherwise written, Opseboxnk, 
 Abscubogsct, Abscubogsnck. From ogusse-paug 'small pond' 
 and suck ' outlet,' i. e. the brook which flows out of the small 
 pond. See Cochikuack. 
 
 ?jPabac7iiinusk (as printed in Stiles's Hist, of Windsor, 
 106): the Second Meadow on the e. side of Windsor (Farm- 
 ington) river; next no. of Tauchaug. Ind. Deed, 1665. At 
 a sharp bend, where the river ' turns aside ' (pafdchaii) eastward. 
 In the last syllable, musk is, probably, an error of the recorder 
 or copyist, for muck; and if so, the name designates a 'fishing 
 place at the turning-place' of the river. 
 
 IPtibaquamsque (Moh.) : on Quinebaug river ; granted 
 to Thos. Tracy, 1695 : Babaquamshk, 1680. Miss F. M. 
 Caulkins, MS. Named from a 'cleft rock,' papokquompsk. 
 
 Pachwig : river in Voluntown and Griswold, giving a 
 name to a school-district and manufacturing village. Its 
 principal source is Paucamaug (now Beach) pond, on the R. I. 
 line. Flowing south by west, across Voluntown, it 'turns 
 aside' (pdchau) in the so. part of Griswold (below Doaneville) 
 and runs north by west, with many windings, to Hopeville, 
 when it turns again, to the west, and enters the Quinebaug 
 at Jewett City. Pafkaugpdckau-auke denotes a ' turning- 
 place' whence, perhaps, the river's name : but comp. Pochaug 
 river (in Westbrook). There is a Pachaug Neck, on Taunton
 
 43 
 
 River, Mass., and Patchogue, in Brookhaven, L. I., is, probably, 
 the same name (though one or the other of these names 
 may stand for footsai, pmchoag, or pmchag (Eliot), Del. 
 pntscheek, 'a corner' or 'recess'). 
 
 Pachyatyoch : a hill in the s. w. part of Kent (Conn. 
 Arch., Indians, ii. 76, 80), and a Moravian mission-station 
 near it ; now Scatacook, q. v. An aged Scatacook Indian, 
 in 1859, recognized, in both these names, corruptions of 
 Moh. Pishgachtigok, signifying, " the confluence of two 
 streams." Morav. Monuments in Conn., 75. Compare Chip. 
 Beketigweiag " where the river divides " (Baraga) ; the eastern 
 Piscataqna, and Piscataquog ; and see Scatacook. 
 
 PacIiqtifidHach (Moh.) : a Moravian mission-station, 
 established about 1744, on the e. border of Indian Pond, in 
 the n. w. corner of Sharon. This station was afterwards 
 called Wequadnach (q. v.). It was west of Poconnuck (i. e. 
 'clear land') mountain, now called Indian mountain. See 
 Memor. of Morav. Monuments in Conn., 65, 68, 75. The 
 name is from pohque 'clear, bare,' -adeite 'mountain,' and 
 auke ' place, land.' 
 
 Pacousett. See Pocasset, Paugasset. 
 
 P(i<1tiqnonh\ See Pattaquonk. 
 
 '.* l*<ii/hma iyali (Moh.) : a tract n. and e. of Massapeag; 
 now in Montville. Uncas's deed to Rich. Haughton, in 
 C. R. Lands, i. 277. 
 
 fPagonchawtnisciwi'ug : land sold by Massecup (of 
 Hartford) to Jona. Gilbert. Conn. Arch., Court Papers, 123. 
 
 I*<ihcitpoy. See Pauquapaug. 
 
 Pdheyansuc, Peyansic, hill : in the s. e. part of 
 Glastonbury, (Glast. Centenn., 16), "three miles east from 
 Conn, river" (Col. Rec. Lds., i. 420). It is called "Bare 
 [Bear?] Hill" in the Glastonbury Records. 
 
 Pahqnioke : in Danbury. See Paquiang (2). 
 
 PamjMlS&egJSkZfiJke, [-au&e?] : the west boundary of 
 Runkinhege's deed to Norwalk, 1652. Hall's Norwalk, 36. 
 Goodwife's River, in Darien ? Comp. Paupasquachnke. 
 
 "Panaheconnoh, Panauhecamtuck : a pond so. of the 
 Mass, line, "at or near Weataug," in Salisbury ; called "North
 
 44 
 
 Pond," in 1743. Col. Rec. Lands, iv. 440-41, 60 1. The 
 larger of the " Twin Lakes," lately misnamed " Washining." 
 
 See Poquannoc. 
 
 l^ahquioke, Poquaug, etc.: denotes 
 'clear land,' 'open country,' jpaugui-au&f. (Comp. Poqnannoc 
 ' cleared land,' i. e. land from which the trees and underbrush 
 have been removed ; and Poquetannoc 'broken land/ land 
 under cultivation.) The name assumes various forms : 
 
 1. Pyquag, Pyquaag: Wethersfield (meadows). Col. Rec., 
 i. 19. 
 
 2. Pahquioke, Paquiag, etc. : Danbury (plain). Col. Rec., 
 iii. 142, 240. 
 
 3. Poquiogh: a tract e. of Jordan's cove, Waterford. N. 
 London Records. " Poquoyok or Uhuhio River" (Miss F. 
 M. Caulkins, MS.) 
 
 4. " Puckquahaks plain," in Milford. See PoquaJiang. 
 [In other States: Poquaig, or Panqniang, in Athol, Mass., 
 on Miller's river, al. Payquaoge, Payquage (Worcester Mag., 
 ii. 293), Paquayag (Conn. Rec., ii. 353); and Paquayag, 
 Powquiag, "about Hudson's river" (Conn. Rec., ii. 472). 
 Pequawket and Pigwacket, Fryeburgh, Me., are forms of the 
 same name, with the locative affix; pauqti auk-it 'at, or on, 
 the open land.'] 
 
 Pasbeshauke (Niantic) : at the mouth of Conn, river. 
 J. Winthrop, Jr., 1636, in 4 Mass. Hist. Coll., vi. 514 
 " Pashpeshauks alias Saybrooke Forte," in Indian deed to 
 Lyon Gardiner, 1639. Wequash (Mason's guide to the Pequot 
 fort in 1637) who lived "about Connecticut river's mouth 
 (Winthrop, ii. 74) ; describes himself as " of Pasquishunk " (or 
 u Paskquishook") in 1641. See Smith's Guilford, 10, 69. 
 Notwithstanding the unlikeness of the names, both may 
 denote the same locality : but comp. Pattaquasset. 
 
 Pascoay (Narr.): river, in Burrillville, R. I., runs easterly, 
 to Branch river. The name belongs to ' land at the branch ' 
 or crotch of the rivers. 
 
 Passenchauy : meadow, "on the no. side of a creek," 
 in Middletown (old bounds). Geo. Hubbard's will, in Hartf. 
 Prob. Rec., iv. 227.
 
 45 
 
 Passquessit: the e. end of Fisher's Island. Pres. 
 Stiles, Itinerary, 1761. 
 
 fassquesit: a small pond and brook, in the no. part of 
 Charlestown, R. I. : al. Paskuisset, Posquissit. Parsons, 
 Ind. Names in R. I., 21. 
 
 Pattaqufisset (Niantic) : "alias Conn, river's mouth." 
 Recs. U. Cols. (MS.) 1647. Pataqtiasak, in Uncas's deed to 
 Say brook, 1666. Lynde's Point, and the s. e. part of Old 
 Saybrook. See Pasbeshauke. 
 
 Pattaqnoiik (Pad-, Pate-} : a hill in Saybrook (old 
 bounds) near the Haddam line, which gave a name to the 
 parish that now constitutes the town of Chester. Pattacunk, 
 Col. Rec., 1761 ; Patequonque, 1761. 
 
 There was an Indian " hot-house," or sweating place, in 
 this hill (see PissepunK), from which or from the general 
 shape of the hill, resembling a round wigwam (puttuckakaun, 
 R. W., Key, 31) came the name, meaning 'round place.' 
 
 2. A hill of moderate elevation in East Lyme, near 
 Niantic bay ; called by the English, " Sergeant's Head." 
 Hist. New London, 171. 
 
 jPattaqiionset, Pattguanset: a pond, near the village 
 of East Lyme ; Pattagaw onset, Pease & Niles's Gazetteer. 
 Pataguanset (formerly Mamacock] brook flows from it to the 
 Sound, a little w. of Black Point. The name seems to be a 
 diminutive of Pattaquonk, with the locative suffix ; ' at, or 
 near, the small round-place ' hill, wigwam, or sweat-house. 
 The same name, apparently, is found in R. Island : Petequonset 
 and Peteconset bottoms, on the borders of Pawtuxet river, 
 near Pontiac Mills. Parsons's Ind. Names in R. I., 23. 
 
 Pnttdquottuck : "six or seven miles from Woodstock," 
 1687; C. Arch., T. & L, ii. 163; Col. Rec. Lds., ii. 163. 
 Pottaquattic, Miss Larned's Map. A factory village in the so. 
 e. part of Thompson, on Five Mile river, retains a suggestion 
 of the name, as Quaddic (Quanduc, on Lester's Map, 1833; 
 Quassuc, Hopkins's Map, 1859). Comp. Pawtnckquacliooge. 
 
 Pathiywadvhaiiy. See Pawtuckquachooge. 
 
 Pattotnoy. See Tatomok. 
 
 ck : pond betw. Voluntown and Exeter, R. I.,
 
 4 6 
 
 the source of Pachaug river: "Pocammack or Beech pond" 
 (Rev. L. Hart's Account of Preston, 1801) ; now Beach pond ; 
 On Lockwood's map of R. I. (1819), " Wolapeconek pond." 
 On some old maps, the same name, Pocamuck, is given to 
 A very 's pond, near the s. e. corner of Preston. Paucamack, 
 pauquamaug, means 'clear' (or 'open') fishing-place: but in 
 one record the name occurs as Ptuckcommuck, which may 
 mean either ' round house (or enclosure) ' p'tukki-komnk, or 
 ' round fishing-place,' p'tukki-amaug. Wolapeconek is, cer- 
 tainly, ' fine clear (or open) land/ ivulli (= wunne) -paquoiink. 
 
 Pandowaumset: Winthrop's Neck, New London. Pres. 
 Stiles, 1761, MS. So called from some 'jutting rock' or ledge, 
 pmtoive-ompsk, at or near the river. Pohtaiyomsek (which see) 
 is another form of the same name. 
 
 Paug. See Neeshapaug ; PisJtatipaug. 
 
 Pant/asset, Pawgasuck : " by Derby Ferry and about 
 Derby Neck." Pres. Stiles (MS. 1761), who writes the name, 
 as pronounced by a Paugusset Indian, Pawghkeesuck. Paiv- 
 gassett, N. Haven Recs., 1642 ; Pawgasuck, Pagasett, Conn. 
 Recs., ii. 249, 5^13. The name" denotes a place 'at which a 
 strait widens,' where ' the narrows open out' Pocasset, Powa- 
 kasick, at Tiverton, R. I. ; Pocasset, in Sandwich, Mass. ; 
 Pequusset and Pigsgnsset (at the widening of Charles river, 
 Watertown, Mass.) are other forms of the name ; and see 
 Pocasset (in Chatham, Conn.). 
 
 Pauyivotik, Poytvonk : a small pond in the s. e. part 
 of Salem. The .tract known as Pauguut, or the Paugwonk 
 lands, included all or nearly all the township of Salem. Col. 
 Rec., iii. 93. On one modern map, Paugwonk becomes "Carr 
 Pond"; another transforms it to "Fairy Lake." The inter- 
 pretation of the old name as "crooked pond," which was given 
 in a note to Col. Recs. Conn., iii. 93, is certainly wrong: but 
 I can offer no other, unless we may find in Pogwonk another 
 of the many corruptions of Poquanoc (pauquun-tik] ' cleared 
 land,' or its Mohegan equivalent. 
 
 Paukjimrohhoy : near the mouth of Prior's (or Var- 
 num's) brook, in Canterbury. C. R. Lands, iii. 166. Poakyow- 
 ivohhog, ibid. 168 ; " which brook runs into the [Quinebaug]
 
 47 
 
 river, at Payhoahoge" ibid. The name which may be 
 another corruption of Pohquiauke or Paquiaug 'clear land' 
 was transferred to the brook. 
 
 Panpasquachuke (Moh.) : land betw. Pachaug river 
 and the no. line of (North) Stonington, laid out to William 
 Billings in 1681. C. R. Lds., iii. 100. Now in the so. part 
 of Voluntown or Griswold. The name means 'double-hill 
 land,' papasku-adchu-auke ; where there is either a 'double 
 hill,' or, one hill opposite another. (Com p. Pampaskcshanke.} 
 
 Pauquap<ntg : ' clear, or open pond', pauqui-paug ; of 
 frequent occurrence; under various forms (some of which 
 cannot be confidently distinguished from corrupt forms of 
 pukun- (or appuhqui-} paug 'flaggy pond.' See Abaquag) : 
 
 1. Palicupog (Narr.), a pond in the east bounds of land 
 set out to Herman Garret, the Niantic sachem, in 1676 (Col. 
 Recs., ii. 314) ; now in Charlestown, R. I. Otherwise called 
 Cockumpaug. 
 
 2. Pequabuck (al. Poquaback, Paquabaug) river, in Plymouth, 
 Bristol, Plainville, and Farmington, flowing into the Tunxis, 
 doubtless takes its name from its principal source, now called 
 " Marshy Pond," betw. East Plymouth and Bristol. 
 
 3. Pauquapaug brook, no. of New Milford bounds, and w. 
 of the west branch of Aspetock river. C. R. Lands, iii. 384. 
 The name must have been transferred from some pond in 
 the vicinity, perhaps, Hatch pond, in South Kent. 
 
 4. Paquabaug is given on Cothren's map, Hist, of Wood- 
 bury, i. 21, as the name of an island in Shepaug river, in 
 Roxbury : but, if not of modern invention, it must have been 
 transferred to this island from a pond.. (The Indian name of 
 this island was Munnacommuck, q. v.) 
 
 Pautapauy, mod. Pettipauf/: part of the town of 
 Essex: al. Poattapoge (1657), Potabaugc (1676), Potopagtie 
 (1761), etc. : originally, the name of the North Cove, an arm 
 of Connecticut river. It denotes a bay or cove that has a 
 narrow inlet from a river or the sea. Eliot uses pmtuppog 
 and -pag, for 'bay,' in Joshua xv. 2, 5 ; mod. Abnaki./W^&jg-. 
 The literal meaning is, a 'bulging out' or 'jutting' (pmtdae) 
 of the water, inland.
 
 4 8 
 
 1 I \ittapong pond, in s. e. part of Dana, Mass., has an outlet 
 to Chicopee river. Whitney's Wore. County, 176. Potopaco, 
 of Capt. John Smith's map of Virginia, now transformed 
 to "Port Tobacco" (Md.), is another form of this name. 
 Bideauboch (Bellin's map, 1744), pronounced by the modern 
 Micmacs Petoo'bok , was the Indian name of Lake Bras 
 d' Or (= Labrador) on Cape Breton, which is connected with 
 the ocean by two straits. 
 
 Pautip&tlff, Footapatlff : in Sprague (formerly the n. 
 e. part of Franklin) w. of Shetucket river ; the name of an 
 ecclesiastical society and a school district. Patapogtte, Rev. 
 Dr. Nott, 1800, MS. ; Pootapaug; Portipaug, etc. Though 
 spelled and pronounced nearly like the preceding name, it 
 probably has a different meaning, and may have denoted a 
 boggy meadow or miry land related to Chip, petobeg 'a 
 bog' (Schoolcraft), and Abnaki poteba n 'to sink in the mire.' 
 
 \Petapawage, and, with locative affix, Petaupauket, were 
 Indian names of a part of Groton, Mass.] 
 
 Pawcatuck river : the e. boundary of Connecticut, from 
 the point at which it receives Ashawog river, southward to 
 the sea. Whether the name originally belonged to the river, 
 or to the territory w. of it (the east part of Stonington) 
 cannot be positively determined. Sometimes the territory is 
 mentioned as Pawcatucket, i. e. ' at Pawcatuck ' : e. g. " some 
 Pawkeatucket Indians" (Gov. Hopkins, 1648, in 4 M. H. C., 
 vi. 341) ; but more commonly without the locative affix : 
 "land at Paquatuck" (Mass. Rec., ii. 241, 1648); "the old 
 Poccatnck path" (Deed of Uncas, 1650); Pwokatucke (R. 
 Williams, 1649); " trading house at Paivcatnck" near "that 
 river" (Col. Rec., 204) ; "inhabitants of Mistick and Pauca- 
 tuck" (Ib. 293) ; Poquatocke (Tho. Minor, 1656) ; " the river 
 called Paukatuck" 1666 (Col. Rec., ii. 34, 37) ; Pacatuck (id., 
 iii. 275) etc. If the name belonged first to the territory 
 the eastern part of the Pequot country it certainly stands 
 for Paquat-auke, i. e. ' Pequot land ' : but if, as- is on the 
 whole more probable, it belonged to the river, the first two 
 syllables stand either for pauqua ' clear, open,' or for pagwa 
 ' shallow,' and the last syllable, tuk, denotes a ' tidal river.'
 
 49 
 
 Yet neither analysis satisfactorily disposes of the name of 
 Paucatuck or Pacatuck (1688) brook, in West Springfield, 
 Mass. 
 
 Paivtucket (Narr.), Powntucket (Quineb.) : at the 
 Great Falls on the Quinebaug river, at Danielsonville. 
 " Powntuck is a general name for all falls " (Chandler's 
 Survey, and Conn. Archives, ' Indians,' i. 54) : " Pau-luck-et, 
 sometimes pronounced P own-tuck-uck" (C. Rec. Lands, 
 ii. 305,310). 
 
 [2. Pawtucket : at the falls on Blackstone's or Pawtucket 
 river, in North Providence, R. I. ; "which river is called in 
 Indian Pautuck (which signifies, a fall) because there the 
 fresh water falls into the salt-water." Indian Test., in Col.. 
 Rec., iii. 276. " Poountucket, now Patucket Falls " (Pres. 
 Stiles, MS.). 
 
 3. Patucket : at the falls on Conn, river, at South Hadley, 
 Mass. 
 
 4. Patucket: "a great fishing place on one of the falls 
 of the Merrimac" (Winslow, 3 M. H. Coll., iv. 81) : now, 
 Lowell, Mass. See Mass. Rec., i. 290.] 
 
 Pautuxet, Powntuxet : ' at the little falls ' of the 
 Quinebaug, at Jewett City in Griswokl : " Pow en-tux-it, 
 sometimes pronounced Powen-tux-uck, Little Falls" (Quineb. 
 Ind. testimony, 1701, in C. Arch., T. & L., ii. 187 ; C. 
 R. Lands, ii. 308, 310). Pautucks (= Pautuck-ese) is the 
 diminutive of pautuck, and with the locative affix makes 
 patituck-es-it, or pautuxet. 
 
 [2. Pawtuxet : at the falls, betw. Cranston and Warwick, 
 R. L, on the river to which they give a name. 
 
 3. Pawtuxent falls, on Pawcatuck river, near Westerly, 
 R. I. Parsons, 21. 
 
 4. Patuxet, Patuxat : Plymouth, Mass. Mourt's Rel. 
 (Dexter's ed.), 84, 99 ; so-named, from some ' little fall/ 
 probably on Town Brook, the outlet of Billington Sea.] 
 
 Paivtuckquachooye (Quineb. or Moh.) : a place "at 
 the no. end of Egunk hill, where a great spring issues out 
 and runs down into Moosup's " river. Chandler's Survey, 
 1705: he wrote the name, " Pat-hig-wad-chaug" Hyems 
 
 7
 
 50 
 
 (Ayumps) the Quinebaug sachem had a fort there, in 1673. 
 C. Arch., T. & L., ii. 187-8. PotighttigwotcJiaug, in Col. 
 Rec., iii. 149. Near the line betw. Plainfield and Sterling. 
 The name seems to be formed from petukqui (Narr. 
 puttuckqut) ' round ' and wadchu ' hill ' or ' mountain ' : 
 petitkqu adchu-uk 'at the round hill' ; but I do not know that 
 there is any such hill, near the locality indicated, that 
 authorizes this interpretation. Possibly for pautnck-wadchu 
 'falls hill.' 
 
 Peaffscotnsuck : an island in Quinebaug river, near the 
 mouth of " a great brook " (Oweneco's grant to J. Fitch), 
 which gave a name to a tract of land on the west side of 
 the river, and to the plantation that became the town of 
 Canterbury ; al. Pigscomsiick, Pidgecomsuck (C. R. Lands, 
 ii. 1 66), etc. The island is about half a mile above the 
 mouth of Varnum's brook, near Packersville in Plainfield. 
 See Paukyowohhog. (Comp. Pesquamscot, a name of Warden's 
 pond, So. Kingstown, R. I. Potter's Naragansett, p. ii.) 
 
 Peagwompsh (Moh.) : the upper part of Moosup's river, 
 or a branch of that river, "near 3 miles e. from the no. end 
 of Egunk hill." C. R. Lands, iii. 169. In Sterling, near 
 the R. I. line. 
 
 JPcquabuck: river in Plymouth, Bristol, Plainville, and 
 Farmington. See Paiiquapaug (2). 
 
 Pequannoc. See Poquannoc. 
 
 Pequot, -od : a name given by the English to the w. 
 part of the conquered Pequot country, near Pequot (New 
 London) harbor. A grant for a plantation "at or near 
 Pequod" was made to John Winthrop, jun., by the Mass. 
 Court, in 1644; and next year Roger Williams addresses him 
 "at Pequt" : but Williams often wrote the name with the 
 locative affix, " Pequatit" 
 
 The tribe to, which Connecticut and Narraganset Indians 
 gave the appellation of Pequttoog or Paquatauog, i. e. 
 ' destroyers,' and the English that of Pequots, was a branch 
 of the Muhhekanneuk. Only the small band of Uncas retained 
 the national name, which was anglicized as " Mohegans." 
 
 Pettpatauf/f JPaspatanage (Narr.) : " a place called 
 Wecapaug or Pespataug," or Passpatanage, was the e. bound
 
 of the Pequot country (Ind. Testimony, 1661, in Potter's 
 Narraganset, 248), near the east line of Westerly, R. I. See 
 Muxqiiata and Wecapaug. 
 
 Pesuckapaug. See Pishatipatig. 
 
 Petuckquapauf/ : Dumpling pond, in Greenwich, a 
 ' round pond ' petukqui-paug, gave a name to the e. part of the 
 township : otherwise written, Petuckquapock. The Dutch 
 called this tract of land Petuckquapaen. N. Y. Hist. Docs., 
 i. 545 ; Mead's Greenwich, 20. 
 
 ?PetuJtiinok: Chester river is so named on Jefferys's 
 Map, 17/4; doubtless a corruption of Pattaquonk (which see) 
 of which this stream was the south bound. 
 
 Pif/scomsuck. See P'eagscomsuck . 
 
 Pishatipauff, Pissatapauff : a pond at the s. w. corner 
 of Durham, partly in Guilford, No. Branford, and Wallingford, 
 now called Pistepatig in which shape, occasionally shortened 
 to " Paug," it has been imposed on a hill east of the pond 
 ("Pistepaugh Mountain"), and on the no. part of North 
 Branford, now Northford. Pishatipage, \ 674 ; but Pesucka- 
 paug, in the Indian (Nausup's) deed to Guilford, 1687; C. R. 
 Lands, iii. 147; and in the Guilford patent, 1685. Pissagki 
 (or pishagqua)-paug means 'muddy or miry pond.' 
 
 Pishgachtigok (Moh.). See Pachgatgoch. 
 
 ?Pisquheege: "the Indian name of Stratford." Pres. 
 Stiles (MS. Itinerary), 1761. Now in Huntington. 
 
 Pissepunk: hill in the s. w. part of Huntington. 
 Private Acts (ed 1837), p. 1152. The name doubtless came 
 from' an Indian ' hot house ' (Narrag. pesuponk) somewhere 
 on or near this hill. " This hot-house is a kind of little cell 
 or cave, six or eight foot over, round, made on the side of a 
 hill, commonly by some rivulet or brook ; into this frequently 
 the men enter after they have exceedingly heated it with 
 store of wood, laid upon an heap of stones in the middle," etc. 
 (R. Williams). " A lot at Indian Hill, in Portland, is called 
 Hot-house lot, because it had one of these holes in it. 
 There was one of these at Pattaquonk in Chester ; and a 
 swamp opposite Saybrook- Point, in Lyme, is called Hot-house 
 swamp, from the same circumstance." Field's Stat. Account 
 of Middlesex County, 5.
 
 52 
 
 See Paukyowohhog. 
 
 Poittaskehunr/, Pooataskhegung brook: runs into Wut- 
 toonug (now Rocky) river, in the so. part of New Fairfield. 
 C. R. Lands, ii. 333; iii. 257; C. Arch., T. & L., viii. 155. 
 
 Pocas'set, Pocowset: pond, and boggy meadow, near 
 Conn, river, in Portland ; on mod. maps, Pecausset ; " boggy 
 meadow in Pacousett" in a deed, 1678 ; " place called Boggy 
 Meadow in Pochasset" C. R. Lands, ii. 178. The pond 
 and meadow are 'at the widening' above the Straits of the 
 Connecticut, whence the name. See Paugasset. 
 
 Pochaug 1 : Westbrook was so called (as a parish of 
 Saybrook) till 1810: Pooachoage (Steph. Post's Inventory, 
 1659); Pochawg (Rich. Lord, 1667); on some mod. maps, 
 Patchogue. Pochaug river and the Manunkateset river, come 
 together, near Manunkateset Point. The two were regarded 
 by the Indians as one ' divided' river ; oxApohsh&og describes 
 the place ' where they divide in two.' See Pachaug. 
 
 Pocon'ock : Milford point, west of the Great Meadow 
 (whence its name), at the s. w. extremity of the town : means 
 'cleared land.' See Poquannoc. 
 
 Pocotopaug : a large pond, in Chatham, e. of Easthamp- 
 ton village, not far from Marlborough line : al. Poacatoobuck, 
 Pawgutabogue, (mod.) Pokatapaug, or Hampton pond. The 
 meaning of the name is obscure, but the interpretation which 
 seems most probable is ' divided pond/ pohqutae-paug. The 
 pond is double, composed of two nearly circular ponds united 
 by a short, narrow strait. 
 
 Po'dunk: e. of Conn, river, near the line between South 
 Windsor and East Hartford : Podunk brook flows s. westerly 
 through So. Windsor, to the Connecticut, at the E. Hartford 
 no. line. Potunck, Col. Rec., i. 304. In the Indian deed to 
 Windsor, 1636, this "brook or rivulet" is "called Potaecke" 
 (Stiles's Windsor, 1 10) ; in a deed of 1671, Potunke (id. 113); 
 in 1687, Podunk (id. 112). 
 
 [2. Quabaug pond in Brookfield, Mass., "now more generally 
 denominated Podunk, from a tract of meadow adjoining, which 
 the Indians called Podunk." Whitney's Wore. County, 77.] 
 
 3. Potunk, a neck, or a branch of Shinnecock bay which 
 bounds it, in Southampton, L. L]
 
 53 
 
 Poyivonk. See Paugwonk. 
 
 Pohio. See Uhuhioh. 
 
 Pomacltaug, Pamechaye (Moh.): a tract of land on the 
 Mohegan reservation w. of the Thames, betw. Sepos-tamesuck 
 and Massawamasog coves (Moh. Case, 251): al. Pawmechaug, 
 Pomechoag, Pummachog, etc. The meaning of the name is 
 not ascertained. It admits of two or three interpretations : 
 it may stand for knppomachaug (Narrag. cuppimachaug, R. 
 Williams) 'thick wood'; or, for pummeche-auk 'land lying 
 across/ or ' crossing ' the Mohegan path above Massapeag. 
 
 Pomacuck (Moh.): a tract of 500 acres laid out to 
 Major John Mason, in 1665 ; al. Pomoacooke. C. R. Lands, 
 i. 328, ii. 169; Col. Recs., i. 432, ii. 49. "Upon Deep River 
 brook, near the borders of Lebanon and Franklin." Hist. 
 Norwich, 151. 
 
 Pomperauy : a tract of land bought by the first planters 
 of Woodbury, in 1673, on both sides of the river since called 
 by the same name : al. Pomperage, Pomparague (Cothren's 
 Woodbury, i. 24, 39) ; Pompawraug (Col. Rec., ii. 148) ; 
 Paumperaug (id. 227). Rev. Azel Backus, in MS. Account of 
 Bethlem, 1812, writes : "Pumporooge river. . an Indian name 
 signifying Open wider" ; but no such meaning can be 
 extracted from it. (His informant probably confounded 
 Pomperaug, with Paugasset, which see.) Local tradition 
 derives the name from a Potatuck sagamore, whose fort was 
 on or near "Castle Rock" in Woodbury : but no evidence to 
 support this derivation has been found in the town or colony 
 records, and the form of the name makes it certain that it 
 originally belonged to a place, not to a person. A heap of 
 stones, in the village of Woodbury is supposed to mark the 
 grave of Pomperaug, on which " each member of the tribe, 
 as he passed that way, dropped a small stone, in token of his 
 respect for the fame of the deceased " (Cothren's Woodbury, 
 i. 88). Such memorial stone-heaps -were common in New 
 England. From the one in Woodbury both the locality and 
 the mythic sachem probably received their name, which may 
 be interpreted 'place of offering,' or 'contributing.' 
 
 Pompwangamig: hill betw. Woodstock and Thompson ; 
 al. Pomponagang (Miss Larned's Map).
 
 54 
 
 mountain: in Kent, near the N. Y. line. 
 C. Archives, Towns & Lands, vii. 46. (1731.) 
 
 l*tmfo<>sur : now appropriated to a hill in the s. w. part 
 of Glastonbury (Glast. Centenn., 17), but properly belonging 
 to the falls on Roaring Brook ; a corruption of Powntuk-suck 
 'falls on the brook.' 
 
 [2. Pittsfield, Mass. ; originally, the falls on the brook 
 issuing from Pontoosuc lake, at the place which now retains 
 the name. Hon. John Stoddard, 1739, wrote " Poontooksttck" 
 (Hist. Magazine, x. 317).] 
 
 JPoodJi'tintttk (Moh.) : in the so. line of the Mohegan 
 territory, as claimed by Uncas ; "the top of a great hill," ab. 
 3i m. easterly by north of Pumpumbashunk (Lyme cedar- 
 swamp). Chandler's Survey, 1705. Poodhumseck, 1666, Col. 
 Rec., iii. 149. Mount Pisgah, near the n. w. corner of East 
 Lyme. The name is the equivalent of Pohtaiyomsek, and 
 Paudawaumset (q. v.) 'a projecting rock.' 
 
 Poppotonuck mountain ; on the w. border of Granby, 
 extending into Hartland : so named on Blodgett's map. 
 
 Poquahaiifi : Milford island, now Charles island, was so 
 called, according to Lambert, Hist. N. H. Colony, 147. This 
 is the Indian name for the round clam (poqtiauhock, R 
 Williams) ; but here, it is probably a corruption of Pauqua- 
 auke 'clear land ' (see Paquiaug}. " Puckquahatis plain " in 
 Milford is named in Rich. Baldwin's inventory, 1665. See 
 Poquannoc (5). 
 
 Poquan'noc, Peqtion'nuc, etc. : a name common to 
 all ' cleared land,' i. e. from which the trees and bushes had 
 been removed, to fit it for cultivation.* The Indian planting- 
 lands were either pauque-auke, land naturally ' clear, open ' (see 
 Paquiaug), or pauquun-auke land made clear, 'a clearing' : 
 after it had been once planted or dug over, it was called 
 pauquettahhun-auke, land ' opened ' or ' broken up ' (see 
 Poquetannoc]. 
 
 * In my paper on the composition of "Indian Geographical Names" (1870), 
 I was misled by tradition, which seemed to be corroborated by analysis of the 
 word, and suggested, as probable, the derivation of some forms of Poquannoc 
 from p&guanau-ohke 'place of slaughter' or 'destruction,' i. e. a battle field. 
 Further examination assures me that this cannot, in any instance, have been the 
 meaning of the name.
 
 55 
 
 Of localities designated as ' cleared land/ we find, in 
 Connecticut, 
 
 1. Poquonock, in the north part of Windsor, on and near 
 the Tunxis (Farmington) river ; now the name of a village 
 and post- office : Paquanaug, in deed from Plymouth, 1637, 
 in C. Rec. Lds., 1.412; Paquanick, Poivquaniock, Poquonock, 
 Paquaanocke, in Windsor Records, 1636-59 ; Pequanucke, 
 1644 (Col. Rec., i. 459). 
 
 2. The w. part of (old) Stratford, now Bridgeport, on both 
 sides the river that still retains the name, as Pequonnock. 
 Paquanocke, Pequannocke, Col. Rec., 1639-40 ; Paquanake, 
 id. 1678; Pauguanuck, Pres. Stiles, 1761. 
 
 3. Poquonock plains and meadow, in Groton, near the 
 cove and river to which the name has been transferred. 
 Paquanunk,Poquanuck, N. London Recs., 1649; Poquannock, 
 T. Miner, 1657. 
 
 4. Paquanauge, in Glastonbury, near Ashowasset and 
 Mawnantuck ; where Turramuggus sold land to S. Boreman 
 and Tho. Edwards, 1673. C. R. Lands, i. 425. 
 
 5. Poconock: Milford point, so. and w. of the Great 
 Meadow to which probably the name originally belonged. 
 There was an Indian village there. 
 
 6. Poconnuck (now called, Indian) mountain, in the n. w. 
 corner of Sharon and s. w. corner of Salisbury. A place 
 near it was called by the Moravian Missionaries, Paquatnach 
 (q. v.) 'bare-mountain place.' 
 
 [There is a town of the same name (PequannocK) in 
 Morris Co., N. J. Pokanoket, (al. Pacanauket, Pockenocket, 
 etc.), near Mount Hope, Bristol, R. I., designated a place 
 ' on, or at, cleared land/ pauqiiun-auk-it. The name occurs 
 curiously disguised, in Tippecanoe (Ky. and Ind.), which is 
 a corrupted abbreviation of kehti-paquonunk 'at the great 
 clearing/ the site of an Indian town on the Wabash river. 
 Filson (Hist, of Kentucky) wrote it, KatJitippacanunck. 
 
 Poquariatuck, Paquantuck, river : has its source in 
 Ponaganset pond, 2 miles east of the Connecticut line. 
 Parsons's Ind. Names, 22 ; C. A., Col. Bds., i. 202. 
 
 l*oquauy. See Paquiaug.
 
 56 
 
 Poquecltanneeg (Moh.) : the Lebanon Five-Mile pur- 
 chase is described in Oweneco's deed, as "at a place called 
 by the Indians, Poquechanneeg" Hist, of Norwich, 151. 
 PohqnasJiinne (Eliot), as descriptive of a tract of land, a 
 valley, or field, means 'open'; but I am not sure that it 
 occurs in this name : Pockawachne, in the Delaware dialect, 
 means, " a creek between two hills," according to Zeisberger : 
 and Poquechanneeg may be its Mohegan equivalent. 
 
 Poquetan'noc (Moh.) : a cove on the e. side of Thames 
 river, in Ledyard and extending beyond the s. line of 
 Preston ; a stream that runs into the head of this cove ; and a 
 manufacturing village on it, retain this name, which originally 
 belonged to a tract of land conveyed to Jona. Brewster, by 
 Uncas, 1650, described as "a plain of arable land, bounded 
 on the so. side with a great cove, called Poccatanocke" 
 (N. Lond. Rec.) ; Pogatanack brook, 1669 (Col. Rec. Lds., 
 i. 308) ; Paiicatunnuc, Pres. Stiles, 1761. The name means 
 ' land opened, or broken up,' i. e. that had been planted, or was 
 prepared for planting, (see Poquannoc.) Uncas's deed to N. 
 London, 1669, of lands on " Puccatannock river," reserved 
 to the Mohegans the right to improve their "lands already 
 broken tip." 
 
 JPotapauff. See Pautapaug. 
 
 Pohtaiyomsek (Moh.) : "a great rock," the s. w. bound 
 of the Mohegan country (Col. Rec., iii. 149) : in Chandler's 
 Survey, 1705, (Moh. Case, 50) this rock is called Wattiompsk, 
 " by the English, Stone's rocks." Pohtaiyomsek is the 
 equivalent of Poodhumsk, and Paudowaumset, (which see,)' 
 denoting a projecting or 'jutting rock' or ledge, pcotoae-ompsk. 
 
 Potaquattic. See Pattaquottuck. 
 
 fo'tatuch, Powtf atuck : the equivalent of Pautucket 
 (q. v.) or, more exactly, of Moh. powntuckuck, denoting ' the 
 country about the falls': a name given to the lands on 
 Housatonic river, north of Paugasset (Derby narrows), and 
 particularly, to a place, now in Southbury, nearly opposite the 
 mouth of Potatuck brook in Newtown, where there was 
 a village of Potateuk or ' Falls Indians.' The name was 
 applied by the English planters, to (i) Housatonic river ;
 
 57 
 
 " Potateuk river," in Ind. deed of Woodbury, Cothren, i. 22 ; 
 Pnttatuck river, id. 25 ; Pootatuck, 1673 ; Potatuck, Col. 
 Rec., ii. 513, iii. 164; "the Great River called Pontertock" 
 1671, C. Rec. Lands, i. 421. (2) A tract of land included in 
 the Newtown purchase: " Potatnke and the lands adjoining," 
 1667; Powtatuck, Pottotock, C. Rec., ii. 75, 128, 194. (3) The 
 stream, Potatuck (and Poughtatuck) brook, which runs through 
 this tract, northerly, to the Housatonic. (4) The Indian 
 village before-mentioned, in Southbury ; called Potatik, by 
 the Moravian missionaries. (5) Still river, which runs through 
 Danbury and Brookfield to the Housatonic, was sometimes 
 denominated Potatuck river. C. R- Lands, iii. 257. 
 
 Potuckco'8 ring, or Ash Swamp, in the n. e. quarter of 
 (old) Waterbury, now in the n. w. part of Wolcott, is named 
 in a deed of 1731. Bronson's Waterbury. 279. Otherwise, 
 Tucker s Ring, and Ptuckering road : "so called from Potticko 
 \ratnckquo, Patuckco^\ one of the first signers of the first 
 Waterbury deed, who is said to have kindled a fire in the 
 form of a large ring, around a hill, when hunting deer, and 
 to have perished within it" (Orcutt's Derby, xcvi.). Potuckco 
 (Narr. puttukki, Mass, petukqui}) means 'round'; but the 
 place-name may have been taken from the personal name. 
 A Patackhouse, sister of Nessehegen of Pequannoc, signed 
 a deed to Windsor in 1665 (Stiles's Windsor, 106). 
 
 PFromisecfe : a tract of land betw. Shepaug river and 
 the present w. line of Southbury is so denominated in an 
 Indian deed in 1729, according to Cothren's Woodbury, i. 
 31. The first syllable, at least, is corrupt ; for no Potatuck 
 Indian could have pronounced it, as written. 
 
 PuctehunKonnuek, Pawkhuntfernoch (Moh.) : a 
 hill in the n. e. part of North Stonington, extending into 
 Voluntown ; now more commonly called, Pendleton Hill. 
 A local tradition, I used to hear some forty years ago, 
 associated this name with " killing a bear," but no such 
 meaning can be extracted from it ; though it is just possible 
 that the modern form disguises (Narr.) paukunnawaw-auke 
 ' bear place.' 
 
 '.' l*ii,rkkiin'nuniiau<j (Moh.) : named .in a deed (in C. 
 8
 
 58 
 
 Rec. Lands, i. 293), as a pond near the n. w. bounds of 
 (North) Stonington, into which a brook runs from Anclia- 
 inaminackkaiinock (Amos Lake) : now called, Avery Lake, in 
 s. e. corner of Preston. The termination of the name shows 
 that it belonged to land, not water : perhaps, pohquashinne- 
 aiike ' open country.' 
 
 l'tif//i</non mirk. See Poquannoc. 
 
 I*uinjn(iitfKfs/tun/,', Pumpinbashoonk (Moh.): one 
 of the so. bounds of the Mohcgan country (Col. Rec., iii. 
 149) ; not far westerly from the point at which the e. line of 
 East Haddam meets the no. line of Lyme ; at or near 
 " Lyme cedar swamp," and ab. 5 m. n. n. e. from Conn, river 
 (Chandler's Survey, 1705). Near Cedar hill, in n. e. part of 
 Lyme. 
 
 P unset. See Cockapdnset. 
 
 Piiscomattas, Pane-, (Narr.) : " a great pond, near the 
 w. end of a cedar swamp," no. of Tishcattuck swamp, in 
 Westerly, R. I. : one of the w. bounds of Hermon Garrett's 
 (Catapazet's) land. Potter's Narrag., 65. Probably Borden's 
 (or Chapman's) pond." Parsons, Ind. Names, 22. 
 
 PuttticuwnummshcMh' (Moh.) : near the s. e. corner 
 of the Quinebaug lands, according to Quineb. Ind. testimony, 
 1706, in C. A., T. & Lands, ii. 188: al. Patconi-uinmscott, 
 ib. (See Wiannumeisses.} Comparison of the two forms 
 of this name indicates an original puttukke-omsc-ut (Mass. 
 petuhqii ompsk-nt} 'at the round rock.' [Pcttiquamsctit (South 
 Kingstown, R. I.), Pultuckquomscut of Roger Williams, is a 
 Narraganset equivalent.] 
 
 Pyq-aaay. See Paquiaug (i). 
 
 Qiiacfatamj' : hill, half a mile e. of the head of Mystic 
 river, in Stonington : Quahkuttoge ; " the Indian fence at 
 Quakquetoug" T. Minor, 1675 ; Quaukataugk' , Pres. Stiles. 
 
 2. Quequetagc, Quecatuck, Quequathanick (Narr.), on 
 Pawcatuck river, betw. the mouth of Ashawog river and 
 Achagomiconset brook, which runs from Borden's pond, in 
 Westerly, R. I. ; the n. e. corner of the Misquamicuck 
 purchase, 1660; "near where Crandall's saw-mill stood,"
 
 59 
 
 i68i. Potter's Narragansett, 65, 242, 246, 248. Quatuck, 
 Parsons, 24. 
 
 3. Quacgtaug, " a piece of upland, running into the Indian 
 great cedar swamp in Charlestown, R. I." Potter, 305. 
 
 Qufidic. See Pattaquottnck. 
 
 Oita<i<tn<tpo.)cet, -pasct: salt marsh, near the harbor's 
 mouth, New London, 1649. Hist. N. London, 82 ; C. R. 
 Lands, i. 280. Apparently for qucquanne-paug-es-it ' shaking 
 marsh, at the small pond.' 
 
 Qunnapauf/: a 'long pond,' quinni-paug, in Newtown, 
 now Taunton pond and (to a select few) " Fountain Lake." 
 Its name was transferred to the brook (now Pond brook) 
 which runs from it to the Housatonic, near the Brookfield 
 line : "a brook which cometh out of a pond called Quenopooke" 
 (Deed to Jno. Hurd, 1671); " Queannepauge . . now known 
 by the name of Newtown " (Newtown Rec., i. 40). Comp. 
 Quinebaug. 
 
 2. " The name of a small stream in Woodbnry that 
 empties into the Nonnewaug river" (Hon. Wm. Cothren, 
 MS.). I suspect that the name is misapplied : it certainly is, 
 unless derived from some 'long pond,' at the source of, or 
 near, the brook. 
 
 Otiantis&et. See Quinetussit. 
 
 Onandock brook : in Sterling and Killingly, a no. branch 
 of Moosup's river. See Poquanatock, and Yantuckkoyog. 
 
 Onantucl\'oyoy. See Yantuckkoyog. 
 
 OKffssapauf/: a large pond in the n. w. part of Middle- 
 bury, partly in Woodbury ; the source of Eight-mile river. 
 Col. Rec., iii. 70. Neither of the interpretations suggested 
 by Mr. Cothren, " Rocky pond," or " Beautiful clear 
 water" are admissible. Dr. Anderson, in Orcutt's Derby, 
 xcvi, proposes qunnosu-paug 'pickerel pond,' to which the 
 only objection is that after names of fish, -mang 'fishing 
 place,' was used, instead of -pang 'pond,' or -tuck 'river.' 
 The Rev. Azel Backus (Account of Bethlem, 1812, MS) 
 interpreted the name, as "signifying Little pond" but he 
 certainly was wrong: Quassapaug is not a small, but the 
 largest pond in that region, and may have been denominated
 
 6o 
 
 k'che-paug, i. e. 'greatest pond' a name easily corrupted to 
 Onassiipang (mod. Qnaspang}. 
 
 O('h<((ftffttu/. See Acquebaquaug. 
 
 Ont"<nnbo</: a cove, and neck of land w. of it, about 
 half-way from Mystic river to Stonington borough : Qnanabog, 
 Quaiombog, Man. Minor, 1704 The name seems to denote 
 ' a place of drawing nets,' or ' where fish are taken in 
 draw-nets': Narr. quomphunk 'a drawing net/ quomphau 'to 
 draw a net.' 
 
 Ouidnii: See Acqueedennuck. 
 
 OiiiitfiiHOf/c (Narr.) : "a great fresh meadow" northerly 
 from the head of Wecapaug brook, near the n. w. corner of 
 Charlestown, R. I. Niantic Incl. Testim., 1706, in Potter's 
 Narragansett, 264. The name seems to stand for quinii auiaitg 
 ' long-fish place,' and R. Williams gives qunnamdug as the 
 Narraganset name for 'lampreys' (Key, p. 1 14). 
 
 Onin'<'b<in<i': 'long pond'; a name of frequent occur- 
 rence in New England : 
 
 1. Quinebaug, a long pond, now in the s. e. part of 
 Killingly, gave a name to the Quinebaug tribe of Indians, 
 and to the river which flows through their country, uniting 
 with the Shetucket near Norwich. Qunnubb&ggt t Gov. 
 Endicott, 1651 ; Quinibange, Col. Rec., 1671. The report of 
 the commissioners on Indian titles in 1701 (C. R. Lands, ii. 
 305) gives the boundaries of " the land that is properly 
 called Quinnabang country." On the river, their northern 
 bound was Pawtucket, the Great Falls at Danielsonville ; the 
 southern, Pawtuxet ("Powentuxet ") the Little Falls, near 
 Jewett-City. 
 
 2. Quonepaug, or QuinnipaugJi pond in the n. e. part of 
 Guilford, the principal source of West river. The hill west 
 of this pond is called Quonepaug hill. 
 
 3. Quanapaug, in Newtown (q. v.). 
 Qufameh'tukqut: the Connecticut valley; land 'on the 
 
 long tidal-river,' quinni-tukq-ut. See Compos. Ind. Geogr. 
 Names, 8. R. Williams, 1643, wrote Quinnihticut, for the 
 territory ; and Quintikoock, the Indians who inhabited it. 
 Quinnektukqut, Cotton's Vocab. ; Qninctncqnet, Cambridge
 
 6i 
 
 Recs., 1636; Kenetigcot, Father Dreuillettes, 1648; Conitte- 
 kock, Dutch, 1653, in N. Y. Col. MSS., i. 543. 
 
 Quinetutfset, Ommfisset (Nipm.) : an Indian village 
 ab. " 6 m. south [east] of Maanexit " (Gookin) : on Thompson 
 hill, near the centre of the town. Qudnutusset, Eliot ; 
 Quatissik, Quatiske, Mass. Rec., iv. (2), 357-8. "The ruins 
 of an old Indian fort" stood on this hill, in 1727. Col. Rec. 
 Lands, iv. 539. 
 
 On in it ////<Yr, Qtt'iUi/>i<if\ etc. : New Haven ; originally, 
 the land near the head of New Haven harbor and the estuary 
 of Ouinnipiac and Mill rivers. The name, quinni-pe-auke, 
 means ' long-water land ' or country. It is the equivalent of 
 Kcimebcc (Abn. kmenibeki) : see Compos. Incl. Geogr. Names, 
 15. In the Mohegan and Narraganset dialects, the first 
 syllable was pronounced, quin; by the Conn, river Indians, 
 quil; and by the Indians west of the ' long water,' qnir: 
 hence the variety of forms under which the name appears 
 in early records. The Dutch called the natives of this region, 
 Quiripeys ; Pres. Stiles heard the name from an East Haven 
 Indian, as "Quinne-py-ooghq"; Capt. Stoughton, 1637, wrote, 
 Qnillipeage. 
 
 Onift((p<'((</<' rock: near the mouth of Thames river, 
 on the New London side ; " either the light-house ledge, or 
 long rock, half a mile s. w. of the light-house" (Hist. N. 
 London, 58). Quinnapeag, the mod. name of rocks n. e. of 
 the light-house may be a corruption of Quittapeage ; though 
 it might be probably referred to the cove and pond, on the 
 main land, a little no. of the light-house, qninni-pe-auk. 
 
 Otto(l(ft-/,'sinirksef brook : in Groton, runs southerly 
 to Mumford's cove. Pres. Stiles, MS., 1762. The name 
 belongs to some locality on the brook or cove perhaps to 
 an Indian path which crossed it. Quttuckshunkset means 
 ' at the turning place ' or ' bend.' 
 
 Quon'aeontaug' (Narr.): a neck of land in Charlestown, 
 R. I. North of it is Ouonacontaug or Conaqnetogue salt 
 pond (otherwise called Pespatnn^ and Neekceqitowese), partly 
 in Westerly, into the end of which runs Wecapaug brook. 
 " A neck of land called Quanecontack? Ind. deed, 1660; Col.
 
 62 
 
 Rec., ii. 155; Qnantacuntage, 1677, ibid. 589; Conaqnotoag, 
 Dwight's Travels, iii. 37. 
 
 Quon'atucfc, Omnmil nek: flat meadow in Stonington, 
 about half a mile from the borough, northerly, on the w. side 
 of Lambert's cove, extending to the mouth of Stony brook, 
 on the n. e. ; " Quanotock harbor," 1677. The name originally 
 belonged to the cove; qnnite-tuk 'long tidal-river, or estuary,' 
 ' long cove.' 
 
 OHOHHC. See Wcquonuck. 
 
 OtHH/uif/tHfsotif/ (Moh.) brook : near the n. e. corner of 
 (old) Norwich bounds. C. R. Lands, ii. no; Hist. Norwich, 
 58. Now Cutler's brook, in n. w. corner of Griswold, running, 
 through Clayville pond, to the Quinebaug. 
 
 ?JRfi/toitfUH'ss : a plain e. of Byram river, in Greenwich. 
 Rev. C. W. Baird, from Albany Land Recs., vii. 171. 
 
 lt;ijtjtfnr<uiis : a river in Stamford, now Mill river ; and 
 the territory on both sides of it. N. Haven Col. Rec., i. 69: 
 Huntington's Stamford, 6, 154; al. Nippoivance (Capt. Jno. 
 Mason, 1643, in 4 Mass. Hist. Coll., vii. 415). 
 
 I!<>n'ayton, Jfofftan : Five-mile river, betw. Norwalk 
 and Darien, and lands near it. " Piamikin, sagamore of 
 Roatan" Deed of 1645, m Huntington's Stamford, 95 ; 
 Rooaton, 1652, Hall's Norwalk, 36; "Five Mile river or 
 Roawayton" 1652, N. Haven Rec., ii. 105. An equivalent, 
 in the dialect of the s. w. coast of Connecticut, of Noroton, 
 q. v. In the Ind. deed to Capt. Patrick, 1640, (Hall, 31,) it 
 is Noewanton [for -anton?\ On mod. maps the point of land 
 e. of the river in Norwalk is named Norroaton, and " Roton " 
 point ; and the river betw. Darien and Stamford, a railroad 
 station, and post-office, retain the name of Noroton: and 
 there is a Rozvayton post-office in Norwalk. 
 
 lionkrnheyne, Rounkanheige : land betw. Five- 
 mile river and Pine brook, in the e. part of Darien. 
 N. Haven Rec., ii. 105, 106. In 1651-2, Rnnckinhege and 
 other Indians sold to the Norwalk planters, the lands e. of 
 Pampaskeshauke brook (Goodwife river) "called by the name
 
 63 
 
 of Rinickinlicage, Rooaton, or by whatsoever name," etc. 
 Hall's Norwalk, 35, 36. 
 
 Iftfffdtroo: "now called the East river of Guilford." 
 Incl. Deed, 1686, in Smith's Guilford, 73. The Mohegan 
 name of this river, or of lands near it, was Moosamattuck : 
 see the Agreement with Uncas, 1641 (id. 66). 
 
 'i Sujna (Moh.): in the e. line of the 
 Wabaquasset country, northerly from Quinebaug falls. 
 Oweneco's Deed, 1684, in C. R. Lands, ii. 118, 119. 
 
 Sagumps/ffetuck (Moh.): the more northerly and west 
 erly of two tracts, each containing a large boggy meadow, 
 granted by Joshua to Major Jno. Talcott, 1675. C. R. Lands, 
 i y - 334- I 11 Bolton, Coventry, or Andover. The name 
 signifies ' land at, or near, a hard rock,' scPgk-ompsk-it-auke ; 
 and probably was taken from some prominent block of trap, 
 or exposed ridge of the trap dike that crosses Andover, from 
 s. w. to n. e. The prefix, siogke and soggoh of Eliot (Abn. 
 saag/ii, Chip, songi] ' hard ' distinguishes the kinds of stone 
 most used by the Indians for making axes, lance-heads, 
 pestles, etc. (Comp. Tomheganomset!) 
 
 Str.sco swamp, where the Pequot fugitives were overtaken 
 and cut off, in 1637, was in the s. w. part of Fair field ; Sasco 
 creek, in Westport, crosses the N. Y. and N. Haven railroad, 
 near the Green Farms station ; Sasco hill, a ridge on the e. 
 side of Mill river, extends to the Sound. Sasqug, 1644. 
 Sasquanaugh is probably another form of the same name: 
 " Romanock, sachem of Aspetuck and Sasquenaugh," Col. 
 Rec., iii. 282. See also, Sesqnankit. The name denotes 
 marshy land, or swamp. It is the equivalent of Mass. 
 wososki, wososhki (ut wososhquit "in the marshes," Eliot), 
 Del. assiskene 'marshy, muddy,' and Abnaki aseskm 'mud,' 
 p'sazeske ' muddy.' 
 
 8a&8UCk8UCki a little no. of the mouth of Ten-mile 
 river, w. of the Housatonic. C. R. Lands, iv. 548. In the s. w. 
 corner of Kent. The brook which enters the Housatonic 
 from the west, near Bull's bridge ?
 
 6 4 
 
 a river in Westport, which flows, through 
 a broad estuary, to the Sound, not far from the e. line of 
 Norwalk ; Soukatuck, 1640. The name originally belonged 
 to the estuary, saukt-tuk k outlet of a tidal-river.' 
 
 SauquoneiMtcieock: a Pequot village, on the w. side of 
 the Thames river, above Mangunckakuck. R. Williams, 
 1638, in 4 M. H. Coll., vi. 251. Sohkunkquok-auke 'land in 
 a high place ' or ' on a height ' ? 
 
 Sea it' tic, Sftmttick : a small river, flowing s. w. through 
 East Windsor, to the Connecticut, at the present line 
 betw. East and South Windsor : it gives the name to a 
 manufacturing village, in the centre of the town. " The river 
 Skeantucke" was the no. bound of Newashe, in the Indian 
 deed of 1636. For peskatnk a 'branch of the (Connecticut) 
 river,' or ' where the river branches.' Comp. Scatacook (for 
 Peskatuk-ohke) . 
 
 ScafacookfScfoaghticoke: in the s. w. part of Kent, 
 on the w. side of the Housatonic, at and near the mouth 
 of Ten-Mile river : a corruption of the name which was 
 written by the Moravian missionaries, " Pachgatgoeh" or, as 
 pronounced and interpreted by a Scatacook Indian, in 1859, 
 Piskgachtigok, "signifying the confluence of two streams" 
 (Morav. Memor. in N. Y. and Conn., 75) ; more exactly, 
 'the place where a river branches, or divides,' 'at the branch.' 
 It is the equivalent of Piscataqua (N. H.), Piscataway 
 (N. J. and Maryland) and, probably, Pasqnotank (N. C.), and 
 the Chip, beketigweiag (Baraga). See Compos. Incl. Geogr. 
 Names, p. 1 1. 
 
 [2. Schagh'ticokc, Rensselaer co., N. Y., at the junction 
 of Hoosac river with the Hudson : " land at Schautecdgue" 
 1685; Skaahkook, 1710; Schackhook^ Sc/iagkook, 1688; etc.] 
 
 Scitico, Skittico : in the e. part of Enfield, on Scantic 
 river, and, like the name of that river, a corruption of 
 peskatuk ' at the branch,' or of pcskatuk-ohke ' land at the 
 branch.' See Scatacook. 
 
 Sconnoups brook : in Salisbury, " runs out of the south- 
 ernmost of two large ponds almost close together " [the Twin 
 Lakes]. Salisb. Prop'rs Rec., 1739. Succonups, in Judge
 
 65 
 
 Church's Address (1842). The brook issues from the n. w. 
 end of the pond, near Chapinville, and runs n. and n. easterly 
 to the Housatonic in Sheffield, Mass. The name has been 
 corrupted to Schenob and Kisnop (which see). 
 
 Scucurra, mod. SkoJeorat: Snake hill, no. of Bladen's 
 brook, in Seymour. Lambert's N. H. Colony, 88 ; comp. 
 Stiles's Hist, of the Judges, 84. " Scucurra, or Snake Hill," 
 in Ind. Deed, 1685. "A long ridge or hill, ab. a mile e. of 
 Naugatuck river" (Orcutt's Derby, xciv). Scuc- is, probably, 
 Moh. skooks (Narr. asktig, Del. achgook} ' snake.' 
 
 'fSecinkitni : near the line betw. Glastonbury and Marl- 
 borough. Glast. Centennial, 17. 
 
 Sebethe : the little river, at Middletown, so named on 
 recent maps. The name if genuine stands for (Mass, 
 and Narr.) sepoese ' small river.' See Mattabesic. 
 
 VSechenayaug : "in the e. part of Glastonbury, adjoining 
 Hebron." Chapin, in Glast. Centenn. (referring to Glast. 
 Land Recs., iii. 54, 55 ; iv. 232, 234 ; v. 282). 
 
 tii'iH>.ret 9 Setiexsett : valley and meadow adjacent to 
 Muddy brook, in the e. part of Woodstock, 1684. Miss E. 
 D. Larned's Hist. Windham Co., i. 19, 49 ; Windh. Prop'rs 
 Rec., 1714. 
 
 Sv( j -poocke f Seepokc: land, so called, "bought of Hermon 
 Garrett's father," by Richard Smith, was the eastern bound 
 of Nisquitianxset, a tract sold by Awashous and Nucom 
 (Narragansets), in 1661. Potter's Narrag., 249. The land was 
 in the s. w. part of Charlestown, R. I., between Wecapaug 
 and Pauwaget (or Charlestown) pond, from one or the other 
 of which was transferred the name of see-paug ' salt pond.' 
 
 Srsf/ H fin/tit (for -ftnkit?) : a place w. of Connecticut 
 river, to which the Pequots were pursued by the English, in 
 1637. R. Williams, in letter to J. Winthrop, Aug. 20, 1637. 
 The same as Sasco ? 
 
 Sepos-tatnesuckf Sepcvwtamesuck (Moh.) : a brook 
 and Cove on the w. side of the Thames, in the Mohegan 
 reservation. It was the southern boundary of Pomechaug. 
 Scf>os means ' little river ' (sepoese, Eliot). 
 
 Sfoan'nocfc, S/tu'nock river : in North Stonington, 
 
 9
 
 66 
 
 formed by the union of Assekonk and Phelps's brooks, in 
 Milliovvn village ; runs e. and s. to Pawcatuck river at the n. 
 e. corner of Stonington. The name is the equivalent of 
 Moh. shawwunk ' place where two streams meet.' 
 
 2. Shannock hill, in the so. part of Richmond, R. I., w. 
 of AsJiuniunk [Charles] river. Parsons, Ind. Names in R. I., 
 10. Shannock, Col. Rec., ii. 420. Transferred from the 
 river, or rather, from the point of junction of Wood and 
 Charles rivers. 
 
 3. " The river called by the Indians Shannuck, and by the 
 English, Paugatuck? Report on Narr. lands, 1677, in Col. 
 Rec., ii. 590. Also written, Ashnniunk. The main branch 
 of Pawcatuck river, from Warden's pond to the junction with 
 Wood river. 
 
 Shantoc. See Mashantucket. 
 
 Shawwunk (Moh.) : " a neck of land between Pachaug 
 [river] and a brook that comes into it from the southward." 
 Chandler's Survey, 1705. In Voluntown, near the e. line of 
 Griswold ; it was one of the e. bounds of the Mohegan 
 country. This name denotes a 'place where two streams 
 meet/ literally, 'a place between;' but if Chandler's SJiaw- 
 waamug represents the name correctly, it means a 'fishing 
 place where two streams meet' or 'at the crotch of the 
 river.' Comp. Showattuck, Shetucket, Shannock. 
 
 ? Shawngum : " a hill and valley in Torrington, above 
 Wolcottville. The hill rises from a plateau between the east 
 branch of the Naugatuck, and Still River." Orcutt's Derby, 
 xcvii. Comp. Shawwunk. 
 
 ? Sheaups pond : named in the will of Joshua, the son of 
 Uricas, as recorded, C. A., Indians, i. 30. By the copyist's 
 error for Shenups ? See Mo shenup stick. 
 
 Sheganishkachoke : the n. e. bound of Soso's deed of 
 Misquamicuck (Westerly, R. I.). West. Records, i. 3. 
 
 Shehatige: land reserved for planting-ground by the 
 Indians of Stamford, in deeds of 1640 and 1667 ; the head- 
 land east of Wescott's cove, in s. e. part of Stamford. 
 Huntington's Stamford, 94, 98. 
 
 She'kom'eko : mod. Chic'omi'co : an Indian village, about
 
 67 
 
 2 miles s. of the present village of Pine Plains, Duchess co., 
 N. Y. ; a Moravian mission station, 1740-44. Ckicomico 
 creek, which runs n. westerly through Pine Plains township, 
 perpetuates the name, which local tradition misinterprets, 
 ' Little mountain.' It is, obviously, formed from 'she, 'che (for 
 miske, or kche) 'great' and fcomuk (Eliot), or comaco, 'house,' 
 or 'enclosed place.' The place may have been so denominated 
 (like Weramo-comaco, in Virginia, and Narr. sachimma-como- 
 nock, 'sachem's house,') from the 'great lodge' of some 
 Mohegan chief, or because here was the 'great village' of 
 the tribe. 
 
 Shenecosf set : a neck on the east (Groton) side of New 
 London harbor's mouth: Senacosset, Pres. Stiles, 1761; 
 Shinikosset, 1654, Miss Caulkins, MS. 
 
 Shenunkchooge (Ouineb.) : near the n. e. corner of the 
 Quinebaug country, claimed by Hyems ; a little w. of 
 WisJiquo diniack : al. SJicnukchoog. Ind. Test., in C. A., T. 
 & Lands, ii. 188. Near the e. line of the State, in Killingly, 
 or Foster (R. I.). 
 
 Shepaiuj river, in Litchfield county, takes its name from 
 the 'great pond' which is its principal source, Litchfield pond 
 (or Bantam lake) : " a river coming forth of a pond called 
 Shippoack" C. R. Lands, i. 421 : " SJiippaug or Great Pond 
 was the name of Litchfield pond, and gave the name to the 
 river." Rev. A. Backus's Acco't of Bethlem, 1812. 
 
 SlH'tiick'et, Shawtncki't (Moh.): properly, land 'between 
 the rivers ' nashaue-tuk-it, and near their confluence, in 
 Norwich ; transferred to the stream which receives the 
 Quinebaug and unites with the Yantic to form the Thames : 
 al. Showattuckket, Shawtukket ; Showtucket river, Norw. 
 Rec., 1669; Col. Rec., ii. 403. The "Showtucket Indians" 
 occupied the crotch of the Quinebaug and Shetucket rivers : 
 "pronounced by the Indians Shootucket : . . I am informed 
 signifies confluence" Rev. Dr. Nott's Acco't of Franklin, 
 1800, MS. See Wunnashowatuckqut. 
 
 [2. Shewatuck, small stream in North Kingstown, R. I., 
 southerly from Wickford: al. Shewatucket, and, with the form 
 of a diminutive, Sliowatucquese. Potter's Narrag., 33, 305.]
 
 68 
 
 S7/ ipim a : part of Stamford. " Wascussue, sagamore of 
 Shippan," joined "Ponus, sagamore of Toquams," in the sale 
 of that township, including Darien, to Capt. Turner, in 1640. 
 The name is now appropriated to a peninsula, terminating in 
 " Shippan point," betw. Stamford harbor and Wescott's cove. 
 
 S/t n n o ch'. See Shannock. 
 
 Sfffffof/. See Sttckiang. 
 
 ?SiiHH'sstftt: in e. bounds of the Mohegan country, in 
 Col. Rec., iii. 149, corresponds to Sneeksuck of Chandler's 
 Survey, Moh. Case, 48. 
 
 ?Sioascock: Greenwich; Mead's Greenwich. Doubtful. 
 
 Sknnh''<unn<i: a brook which runs southerly through 
 Tolland and Coventry, receiving several smaller brooks, and, 
 in the so. part of Coventry and Andover, named Hop river. 
 Comp. Ouschankamaug ; Cheeschankamuck. 
 
 [2. The south side of the parish of Great Marshes, (in 
 Barnstable) Mass, i Mass. Hist. Coll., i. 232. 
 
 3. ? Shonkamonke pond (now, Pontoosuc Lake), in Pitts- 
 field, Mass. ; a source of one branch of the Housatonic. Hist. 
 Mag., x. 317.] 
 
 Sktui/.'scHt. See Kongscut. 
 
 Sneeksnck (Moh.): <l a stone house on a ledge, or lodge 
 of hollow rocks," in the Mohegan e. line, if miles n. n. e. 
 from Mahmansuck [Billings's pond, in North Stonington] 
 and ii miles s. 20 w. of a pond called Yoskowongamuck. 
 Chandler's Survey, 1705. In the so. e. part of Griswold, 
 near the line of Voluntown. The name probably belonged 
 to one of the brooks that feed Pachaug river. The first 
 syllable, sneek, stands for assinek (hassunnek, Eliot), of which 
 Chandler's 'lodge of rocks' is a literal translation (though 
 Eliot uses the word for any 'cave' or 'den'). The Mohegan 
 bound-marks, says Chandler (Moh. Case, 50), "are all very 
 remarkable," and if this "stone house" has not been destroyed, 
 it may easily be found. The " Devil's Den " and its " chim- 
 ney," in Sterling, would well enough answer the description, 
 but they were too far to the no. and east. 
 
 Snip' sic. See Moshenupsuck. 
 
 Soin'asick. See Meshomasick.
 
 69 
 
 Sonk'ipog. See Sunkifaug. 
 
 Sqiiam'icMcJi, Squomacut. See Misquamicuk. 
 
 ?Squotuc: a tract of land comprised in J. Pynchon's deed 
 to Suffield. Sykes's Hist. Address, 32. The same as Scantic? 
 (Comp. Scatacook.} 
 
 Suc/Sifuif/, Sicfaiock, etc.: the Hartford meadows; 
 suckiauke 'black (or, dark-colored) earth.' The Dutch records 
 name " Sickajoock, a flat extending about one league down 
 along the river" (N. Y. Col. Mss., ii. 139) ; " Suckiage, alias 
 Hartford," Ind. Agreement of 1670: Sicaogg, 1642, 3 Mass. 
 Hist. Coll., iii. 161. 
 
 Sti ti/.'ijtfi IKJ, SoitkijiOf/: a spring or brook of 'cool 
 water,' sonkipog (Eliot) : a name specially appropriated to the 
 source of Bride brook, in East Lyme, and to the brook itself, 
 sonkipaug-suck 'cool- spring outlet.' See Hist. N. London, 49. 
 See Massapequottuck-sonkipog, and Egunk-sonkapoug. 
 
 Susguetomseuty Sukskotu/niscot (Moh.) : a rocky 
 stream, flowing from Lebanon, through Franklin, s. e., to 
 the Yantic river, near the s. e. corner of Bozrah : al. 
 " Susquoetomscutt, or Saw-mill brook." The last two syllables 
 of the name (= ompsk-ut ' at the rock ') shows that it 
 originally belonged, not to the brook, but to some locality on 
 or near it. The meaning of the first two syllables (the 
 adjectival prefix) is obscure. 
 
 '*Sn-ff/ofr/ii/ : on the w. side of Niantic bay. Hist. New 
 London, 124. In Waterford, or East Lyme. 
 
 '/ Swichichof/ : "a rocky point in Mohegan, w. side of 
 the river" Thames ; given to John Allyn, 1672. Miss F. M. 
 Caulkins, MS. 
 
 brook : in the w. bounds of Bethel. 
 
 Tfif//i kff H'H lie, Tfi Hf//t k<i nf//i ii *>/,% mod. Taconic 
 mountains : west of the Housatonic river, on the w. border 
 of Salisbury, and of Berkshire county, Mass. Mount Everett, 
 near the s. w. corner of Massachusetts is the highest of the 
 range. Taghkanick creek, in Columbia co., N. Y., gives its 
 name to a township (formerly Granger) through which it 
 passes. The name has been said to mean " water enough,"
 
 70 
 
 and to have been taken from a spring on the w. side of Mount 
 Tom, in Copake, N. Y., which was a favorite resort of 
 Indians (French's N. Y. Gazetteer, 249). This interpretation 
 is certainly wrong ; but, of a dozen more probable ones that 
 might be suggested, I cannot affirm that any is certainly 
 right. The least objectionable is 'forest' or 'wilderness' ; the 
 Delaware tachanigeu, which Zeisberger translates by " woody, 
 full of woods," from tokone "the woods" but literally, 
 'wild lands,' 'forest.' A sketch of Shekomeko, drawn by 
 a Moravian missionary in 1745, shows in the distance, 
 eastward, a mountain summit, marked " K 1 takanatschan, the 
 'Big Mountain'" (Morav. Memorials in N. Y. and Conn., p. 
 62) ; a name which resolves itself into ket-takone-wadchu 
 'great m>0^-mountain,' i. e. great Taconic mountain. 
 
 T(jH'onk': a ridge of arable land in the n. part of 
 Stonington, extending to, and beyond the North Stonington 
 line : Tagwouncke, T. Minor, 1662 ; Tagnncke, Ston. T. Rec. ; 
 Tatigwonk, on mod. maps. In sound this name is identical 
 with Mass, togwonk and togguhwonk (Narr. tackunk], a stone 
 mortar for pounding Indian corn. One of these mortars, 
 large enough to hold a bushel of corn, is still to be seen on 
 the summit of a high ridge in Fairfield, excavated in a granite 
 rock. Such a mortar probably gave a name to the Tagwonk 
 ridge ; though I cannot learn that any has been known there, 
 within the memory of those now living. 
 
 Tamesuck. See Sepos-tathesuck. 
 
 Tamonquas brook, or river : in Pomfret, now called 
 Mashamoquet. The name seems to have been given only to 
 the lower part of the brook, between its junction with 
 Wappoquians brook, and the Quinebaug. " Tamonquas, alias 
 Mashamoquet river," 1686. C. R. Lands, ii. 203. From 
 Moh. tommunque (Mass, tomunk, Cotton) 'beaver.' The 
 name perhaps belonged to an Indian, 'The Beaver,' who 
 lived on or near this stream, and if so, the final s is the 
 mark of the English possessive, 'Tamonqua's.' 
 
 Tamtashua. See Tashua. 
 
 Tankerooscu. See Tunkahoosen. 
 
 Tapamshashack, Tappanshasick : river, betw. East
 
 Haven and Branford, below the outlet of the Great Pond 
 (Saltonstall Lake). Col. Rec., ii. 234. 
 
 Tashna: a high, smoothly-rounded hill, in the w. part of 
 Trumbull, near the line of Easton : it gives a name to a 
 parish, and a school-district (the n. w.) in Trumbull. Mod. 
 map. "Tamtashua hill," Barber's Hist. Coll. of Conn. 
 
 Tdttnnacutitawat/ (Moh.): a river so-called was the w. 
 bound of Jeremy Adams's farm granted by Uncas in 1662. 
 C. R. Lands, iii. 85. Tantuinacnntaway, Moh. Case, 176. 
 In Colchester : Salmon river ? 
 
 ?Tattauqiutnnock^pattcook (Moh.): in Salisbury, at 
 or near a pond lying south of west from the Great Falls of the 
 Housatonic. C. R. Lands, iv. 440,441. Long pond, in thes. 
 w. part of Salisbury, which, on modern maps, is denominated 
 " Wannonkpakok" The name originally belonged to some 
 locality near the pond, and describes ' land at boggy-meadow 
 pond,' tattdganok-pang-anke. Tatdggan (Chip, totbgaii) means, 
 literally, a place which 'shakes,' or 'trembles' (quaking-bog, 
 or meadow). 
 
 fTatetUCk: a small brook in the n. e. part of Easton, 
 running into Mill river, is so named on a recent map. 
 
 Tatontoh' brook: runs to the Sound between Greenwich 
 and Stamford. Col. Records, ii. 202. (Pattomogg, Mead's 
 wich.) See Tomnck. 
 
 TdtH'ick hill : in the s. w. part of Brooklyn: west and 
 south of it, Tatnick brook runs s. e. to Blackwell's brook, in 
 n. e. corner of Canterbury. Lester's Map, 1833. Probably, 
 for kt-adene-k ' at the great hill ' (the equivalent of Katahdin, 
 with locative affix) : or perhaps, wnt-aden-ek 'at the hill.' 
 
 [2. Hill and brook in Worcester, Mass. The name has 
 perhaps been transferred from the brook to the hill now called 
 Tatnick, and may have originally belonged to Asnybumskit 
 hill, in Paxton and Holden, near the source of the brook.] 
 
 Tatuppequauog (Narr.): a Pequot town, 3 or 4 m. 
 below Uncas's town at Mohegan, in 1637. R. Williams, in 
 4 Mass. Hist. Coll., vi. 251. In the no. part of Waterford ? 
 The name denotes a ' plain ' or ' place where the ground is 
 level.'
 
 72 
 
 tii : meadow in Windsor, on Farmington river, 
 north of Mill brook, 1665. Stiles's Windsor, 106. 
 
 '/'(ur<nr<(t/, -trot/ (Peq.): a name which occasionally 
 occurs, as an alias of Nameang, in deeds given in 1653 and 
 1654, on the town records of New London: " Pequott, 
 otherwise called Nameeg or Tawaw-wag" ; "Pequot, alias 
 Nameeag and Tawaiv-og" Hist, of N. London, 118. The 
 Nameaug Indians, who had occupied a part of the town-plot, 
 were removed, about 1649, to new planting-grouuds, east of 
 the Thames, at Naiwayonk (Noank) and elsewhere. After 
 this removal, " the old men who were at Nameoke before Mr. 
 Winthrop's coming" (Rec. Comm'rs U. Cols.) would speak 
 of the place they had given up to the English, as ' the old 
 land' or 'abandoned land,' (Narr.) eataw-auke, (Mass.) toueu- 
 auke, or towewattke. 
 
 Teap'anocke (Moh.): the Pequot name for the pond in 
 Westerly, R. I , otherwise called Muxquata, and. by the 
 Narragansets, Minnebaug. Ind. Test., in Mass. Arch., xxx. 
 113 ; Potter's Narrag., 267. Probably, Babcock's pond. 
 
 Tippecanset, and Tippecan pond: near the s. w. 
 corner of West Greenwich, R. I., and the e. line of Voluntown. 
 Parson's Ind. Names, 29 ; Miss F. M. Caulkins, MS. 
 
 Tishcatuck, Tislicottic (Narr.) : a small round swamp 
 near the centre of the town of Westerly, R. I. Its w. 
 end was one of the west boundaries of Hermon Garrett's 
 (Catapazet's) land. A farm in Westerly still retains the 
 name. Potter's Narrag., 65, 306. From toyuskat 'at the 
 ford, or wading-place' ("bridge," R. Williams,) and ankc 
 'land'? (Comp. " toceket'uck, let us wade," R. W., Key, 73.) 
 
 Tisnuitnck. See Weqnapaug. 
 
 Titicus brook : in Ridgefield, runs n. and w. across the 
 State line to Croton river ; giving name to a village (and 
 post-office) in Ridgefield: "otherwise called, Mutighticoss" 
 (French's N. Y. Gazetteer, 703). 
 
 ToiiHtick, ToirfiHttii'k, pond : near the s. w. corner of 
 the old Waterbury bounds ; now Long Meadow pond, in 
 Middlebury, near the Oxford line. 
 
 (Moh.) : the so. bound of Sequasson's
 
 73 
 
 territory on the w. side of Connecticut river. Col. Rec., i. 
 434. Higganompos, C. R. Lands, i. 83. Now contracted to 
 Higgamim, as the name of a brook, village (and post-office), 
 in the no. part of Haddam. The original name, tomhegn- 
 ompsk-ut means ' at the axe (or " tomahawk ") rock ' ; and 
 Higganompos (for tomheg n-ompsK) designates the rock itself ; 
 one from which the River Indians obtained stones suitable 
 for making axes : perhaps, the isolated rock that marks an 
 interruption of the trap dike in the valley of the east branch 
 of Higganum brook, or some rock of the same formation 
 on the e. side of the brook, on or near Cedar Hill. A 
 peculiarity in the trap of this dike, at several localities, is 
 " its division into thin plates, by longitudinal lines of cleavage, 
 giving to the rock an appearance of stratification " (Percival's 
 Geol. Report, 419, 420) ; so that pieces of suitable size and 
 shape for making axes, adzes, etc., could be obtained here 
 with less difficulty than elsewhere. 
 
 VTomuck: now Richmond hills, Stamford. Hunting- 
 ton's Stamford, p. 24. Comp. Tatomok. 
 
 Toquamske, Toquams: in, and giving a name to, 
 the first Stamford purchase : sold by " Ponus, sagamore of 
 Toquams," to Capt. Turner, in 1640. N. H. Rec., i. 45 ; 
 Huntington's Stamford, 97, 102, 103. An initial consonant is 
 certainly lost, and its restoration must be left to conjecture : 
 perhaps we should read, p 1 ttikqu-ompsk ' the round rock.' Is 
 any ' round rock' remarkable enough to serve as a land-mark 
 now to be found in the north part of Stamford or New 
 Canaan? There was one in South Kingstown, R. I., that 
 gave the name of P ettiquamscut {petukqii ompsk-ut) to the 
 tract on which that town was settled. 
 
 Totoket, Totocott: Branford (1640). N. H. Col., i. 40, 42. 
 Totoket (vulg. "Toket") mountain, in North Branford and 
 North Guilford. The name probably belonged to the meadows 
 near the harbor, when the first settlement was made ; and may 
 stand for kt2-tuk-et ' on the great (i. e. the principal) tidal 
 river,' or its estuary, at and west of Indian neck. 
 
 Towantuck. See Toantick. 
 
 Towequensuck (Moh.) : in the Mohegan reservation ; 
 
 IO
 
 74 
 
 north of Trading-cove brook, and not far w. of the head of 
 the cove. C. A. Indians, i. 67. Kinney's brook, in Bozrah ? 
 
 Tnch'(ich<i tffiH : in the e. part of Windham (now Scot- 
 land); one of the bounds of a tract of land, "from where 
 Merrick's brook runs into the Shetucket river." Wm. L. 
 Weaver, from Windham Records. 
 
 :* Tn iiktf/t oosen, Tankeroosen : a brook, which crosses 
 Vernon so. westerly, to Hockanum river. If a name of Indian 
 origin, it is effectually disguised. 
 
 Tnnxis, Tancksis : land on and near Farmington river, 
 at its southern bend, in Farmington. The river was called 
 Tunxis-sepos, i.e. 'little river of Tunxis': (Unxus sepus" in 
 Col. Rec., i. 42.) The locality to which the name originally 
 belonged, was the 'bow' or 'turning' of the river, where 'it 
 bends' (wut-tunkshau) from a southeasterly to a northerly 
 course. 
 
 Tuskhef/anuck (Moh.) : near Palmer's cove and brook, 
 in Groton, west of Noank. Jno. Stanton's Deposition. At the 
 head of the cove, where the old road crosses, t&skeonganit 
 'at the ford' or 'wading place.' Comp. Narr. toytisk "a 
 bridge" (R. W.). 
 
 Tuscisshoag (Moh.): "a pond contiguous to East Guilford 
 [now, Madison] meeting-house." Rev. T. Ruggles, in i Mass. 
 Hist. Coll., iv. Tuxishog, Deed of 1639 ; " the river, brook, 
 or creek, called Tuchshishoag" Uncas's deed to Guilford, 1641 ; 
 ' Tuckshishoag or Tuxis pond," 1641, Smith's Guilford, 10. 
 The name belonged to lands on and near the " river, brook, 
 or creek" (now, Neck river) and was transferred to its source; 
 probably, tucksis-auk, ' little-river land.' 
 
 Uhquanchaug (Quineb.): in the w. line of the territory 
 claimed by the Quinebaugs, n. w'ly from the great falls at 
 Danielsonville ; fixed upon by the committees of 1701, as the 
 n. w. boundary of the tract sold to Gov. Winthrop by Hyems. 
 C. R. Lands, ii. 305 ; C. A., Towns and Lands, ii. 188. The 
 same as, or very near, Weyoughchaug (q. v.) ; not far from 
 Paine hill, in the s. w. corner of Pomfret. The name denotes 
 either ' the end of a hill ' uhqtie-adchu-uk, or a ' hook-shaped 
 hill ' uhquan-adchau-uk.
 
 75 
 
 TTJiuhiohf TJhuhiock (Moh.) : on Jordan Brook, in 
 Waterford : al. Uhuoigh, Whoohyeli ; " applied to the brook 
 where it falls into the cove, and to the swampy thickets on its 
 borders" (Hist, of N. London, 124). It originally belonged 
 to the place where the brook 'winds about,' wohwayeau, 
 wokwayeu, turning first to the w., and then southerly again, to 
 the cove. Now called, Pohio (for Poquiogh ? see Paquiaug, 3.) 
 
 Umpacliene river : in New Marlborough, Mass. ; a small 
 stream running s. w. into Konkapot river, is named from an 
 Indian who lived near it. Hist, of Berkshire County, 290. 
 
 Uifipewaug pond : in the n. w. part of Reading, near the 
 projecting angle of Ridgefield e. line: Umpawag, 1687, Col. 
 Rec., iii. 231. Umpawaug hill, near the pond, in Reading. 
 C. R. Lands, iv. n. "Umpog creek," betw. Danbury and 
 Bethel, runs to Still river in Danbury (on a recent map). 
 "A place commonly called Umpewage . . bounded s. w. by a 
 brook coming out of a pond called Umpemawg." C. Rec. 
 Lands, ii. 182. The last-noted form perhaps best represents 
 the original ; for an Indian whose name is written Umpamock 
 joined with " Shawron of Paquanoke," "Cashashamock, sachem 
 of Potatuck," and others, in the sale of land north of Stratford 
 bounds, in 1673 (C. R. Lands, i. 420). 
 
 Uncowa, Uncoa: Fairfield: al. Uncawa, Roger Ludlow ? 
 1640 ; Uncowah, Wm. Frost's will, 1644. So called, because 
 the place was ongkoue ' beyond' Pequonnuc river. See " the 
 beginnings of a plantation beyond" etc., in Col. Rec., i. 35. 
 
 t'ncushnetf Unquoshnet (Moh.): river in Hebron. 
 See Joshua's will, in C. Arch., Indians, i. 30. Ungoshet, 
 C. R. Lands, ii. 130. Blackledge's brook? See the next 
 name. 
 
 Vnggwonshachcoohf -shacook, -suckcook (Moh.): 
 a place " at the crotch of a river called by the English Fawn 
 River, where the road crosses the same from Colchester to 
 Hartford." Chandler's Survey, 1705. The crotch of Fawn 
 river and Blackledge's river is in the s. e. part of Marlborough, 
 a little w. of Hebron line. Wonggunnshoake, 1666, Col. Rec., 
 ii. 42 ; Wongushock, id. iii. 69. The name denotes ' land at 
 the bend, or crotch, of the brook,' where Blackledge's river 
 bends eastward to its union with Fawn river.
 
 76 
 
 'n kdjHi n kook. See Wonnnkapaugcook. 
 
 woods: in East Hartford. See Abaquage, 2. 
 
 t, Wabaquasfsuek i names indiscrimin- 
 ately applied to " a tract west of the Quinebaug river, no. of 
 a line running no. w'ly from the junction of the Quinebaug 
 and Assawog rivers." Miss Larned's Hist, of Windham Co., 
 i. i. Wabquisset, a village of praying Indians "six miles w. of 
 Mohegan [Quinebaug] river." Gookin. Wapaquasset hill, on 
 the (present) so. line of Woodstock. " The bounds of the 
 Wabaquassutt and Nipmuck country," as fixed by Oweneco's 
 deed of 1684, are recorded in C. R. Lands, ii. 118, 119, and 
 Col. Rec., iii. 1 50. The s. w. corner was at Moshenupsuck (the 
 outlet of Snipsic pond, near the n. e. corner of Vernon) ; the 
 n. w. at " Natick hill" (in Worcester county, or Hampden 
 county, Mass. ?) ; the n. e. at Pemenoss, and the s. e. at Quine- 
 baug Falls. After the Pequot war of 1637, the Wabaquasset 
 Indians w. of Quinebaug river became subject to Uncas. 
 John Pynchon, 1675, wrote the name of their country, 
 Wabaquassick, which might be interpreted 'white stone'; 
 but Eliot (in Mass. Arch., Indians, i. 146) has WabuhquosliisJi, 
 which is certainly the equivalent of Narr. abockquos inash, 
 "the mats for covering the house" (R. Williams), literally 
 'coverings' : and related to abohquos 'covert/ ' tent,' etc., and 
 abuhquos'ik 'a covering.' The name originally belonged to 
 some particular locality where the Indians obtained flags used 
 for making mats. See Abaquage. 
 
 Wachaqneage : one of the bounds of a tract, eight 
 miles square, near the e. side of Conn, river, "about 12 or 13 
 miles up," granted by Sanhop, a Niantic Indian, to Major 
 John Talcott and others, in 1674. C. R. Lands, ii. 17, 18; 
 T. & L., i. 223. The tract extended "from or between 
 Wechaqueage to Weegasoeguck" which is near Mount Archer 
 in North Lyme. Comp. Wottochoquisk, Wochokieskquas. 
 
 Wachocustinook brook : in Salisbury ; running so. 
 westerly from Mountain pond, on Mount Riga, through th'e 
 central village, and Lime Rock, and emptying, as Salmon river, 
 into the Housatonic, near the s. e. corner of the township. 
 Comp. Wottochoquisk, Wochokiesquas.
 
 77 
 
 Wachn : named as one of several parcels of land on the 
 e. side of Naugatuck river, in Indian deed of 1685. Orcutt's 
 Derby, xcv. Probably for Wadchu ' a hill.' 
 
 Wadatatuk (Moh.): a "branch of Homonasak [Ham- 
 monasset] river, which is supposed to be 12 m. from the 
 mouth," named as the n. w. bound of lands sold by Uncas to 
 Saybrook, in 1666. In the n. w. part of Killingworth. 
 
 Waffawan'nuc, Wadawan'ak : the point of land 
 now comprised in the borough of Stonington : " a neck of 
 land called Wattawanett" (1693), C. Arch., Priv. Controv., 
 iv. Woddowonnuc, Wauddowonnuc, Pres. Stiles, 1762 ; he 
 was informed, at Stonington, that " woddo signifies a loon" 
 but does not appear to have learned what connection, if any, 
 there was between woddo and Woddowonnuc; and on a rough 
 map drawn in his Itinerary, he puts down " Woddowonnuc 
 Island" as of "40 acres, being the so. end of Waumphassuc" 
 The true meaning of the name is not yet ascertained. 
 
 Waktiompsk. See Watiomsquit. 
 
 Walopeconek. See Pancamack. 
 
 Wallums pond. See Allum. 
 
 Wam,plias's\ic, Wamphas'set: a neck on the w. side 
 of Stonington harbor; Wampkassock, Wompashuck, N. London 
 Recs. ; Waumphassuc, Pres. Stiles, 1762. The name has 
 been transferred to the point from the ' marshes ' or ' wet 
 meadows,' no. and w. of it. (Mass, wompasq, wompaskit ; 
 Chip, wdbashkiki " swamp, marsh, bog.") 
 
 WanashacU brook. See Wemesuck. 
 
 Wanyomboy. See Wongumbaug. 
 
 Wanonpaltook. See Wonunkapaugook. 
 
 Wannwpe island : in the Housatonic river, at New 
 Milford : "from the rising of the hill against \Vannupe Island, 
 to the end of the Long Meadow," etc. N. Milford Rec. (1728), 
 i. 398. For anupa-un 'overflowed' or 'subject to overflow' ? 
 
 Wammf/fituck (Moh. or Quineb.) : al. " We-nun-gne-tuck, 
 or a brook and a hill on the west side of Quinebaug river " 
 (Ind. Testim. in C. R. Lands, iii. 308 ; C. A., T. & Lands, ii. 
 188); al. Waunungtatuck, Wongattuck. In the n. e. part of 
 Canterbury, 'at the bend, or winding, of the river,' as the 
 name denotes. The hill is now called Nunkertunk.
 
 78 
 
 '# brook: in Pomfret; " runs by the burying- 
 ground in the First Parish, and empties into Mashamoquet 
 brook." Hunt's Hist. Discourse. Webaquian, a Wabequasset 
 or Nipmuck Indian, was a subject of Uncas after Philip's 
 war, and witnessed Oweneco's deed to Major J. Fitch, in 1684. 
 
 \\'<U'rotioco. See Woronock. 
 
 '.* ll'fisJiiiiittf/ and Washinee: names given on modern 
 maps to the " Twin Lakes," in Salisbury, Washining having 
 been assigned to the larger (formerly called North-east Pond). 
 Neither is an aboriginal name ; and one has, apparently, been 
 made out of the other. The Indian names for these ponds 
 seem to have been Panaheconnok and Hokonkamok (or 
 Hokonhamok}, which see. 
 
 Wash ivantohtninunk : a hill in Woodstock, w. of 
 Muddy brook; al. Washwantownowmow. Town Recs., 1686, 
 1695; Miss Larned's Hist, of Windh. Co, i. 37. 
 
 Wasquonasak (Moh.) : a place named in Uncas's deed 
 to Saybrook, 1666, betw. Webomskat (now Obscob) in Old 
 Saybrook, and Pachaug river, in Westbrook : not far from the 
 present line betw. the two towns, at the Sound. 
 
 Wassiog (Moh.) : al. WasJiiack, Col. Rec., ii. 42 ; aw. 
 bound of the Mohegan country, claimed by Uncas; "the 
 so. end of a very high hill," ab. io miles, s. 10 w. from 
 Moshenupsuck (Chandler's Survey, 1705); very near the 
 line betw. Glastonbury and Hebron, a little no. of the point 
 at which Blackledge's river crosses that line. The name may 
 stand for wadchu-auke 'the hill place' (wadchue okke, Eliot, 
 as in Luke i. 39), or from awwasse-auke (Chip, awdssdkt] 
 'the place beyond' or 'on the further side,' i. e. on the border 
 of both Arramamet's and Uncas's sachemdoms. 
 
 Was' sue. See Assawassuc. 
 
 Watchooy brook : runs southerly from Longmeadow, 
 Mass., into Scantic river, in Somers. Wadchu-auke ' hill 
 country'? 
 
 Watchof/ash (Moh.) : near the s. w. corner of (old) 
 Coventry : now in Andover ? See Wottochoquisk. 
 
 Wattiompsk (Moh.) : " Wat-ti-ompsk, being a great rock 
 in Connecticut river, called by the English, Stone's Rocks;"
 
 79 
 
 the s. w. bound of the Mohegan territory ; according to 
 Chandler's survey, 1705 (Moh. Case, 50), "Eight-mile island 
 [not Nott's island, but Brockway's island, opposite the mouth 
 of Eight-mile river,] bears from hence s. 28 e., distant about 
 a mile": al. Watiompsque, Wattaompsq, C. A., T. & L., ii. 
 249 : and with the locative affix, Wattiomsquit, " a great rock 
 by the Great River," in Oweneco's deed to Haddam, Moh. 
 Case, 171 ; also called, Pohtaiyomsek (q. v.) From adt-ompsk 
 ' at the rock ' ? 
 
 Waiibeyausue: the n. e. side of Winthrop's neck, New 
 London. Pres. Stiles, 1761, MS. The name must have 
 originally belonged to the head of the cove, or to the brook 
 betw. it and Lewis's pond : for it is the diminutive of a word 
 denoting ' a passage ' or ' strait,' weepwoiyeu (Eliot) : wepwoi- 
 yeuese is the 'little passage' or 'crossing place.' Comp. 
 Wepowage, Wepatuck, Weybosset (formerly, Wapwayset) at 
 Providence, R. I., Wepoiset in Bristol, R. I., etc. 
 
 \Waiireyan: a factory-village and post-office, on the 
 e. side of the Quinebaug, in the n. w. part of Plainfield. 
 The name, adopted by a manufacturing company, means, 
 simply, 'a good thing,' or 'a pleasant thing.' It was doubtless 
 suggested by a line in Dr. Elisha Tracy's epitaph on Sam 
 Uncas, in the Mohegan burying-ground in Norwich : 
 
 " For Courage Bold, For things ivauregan 
 He was the Glory of Moheagon." 
 
 Waweehus (for Wawequa's), mod. WewaditH hill, in 
 Norwich : (i) a range on the w. border of the town, partly in 
 Bozrah ; (2) a hill now in the city of Norwich. Hist. Norwich, 
 50. Named Wawequa or Waweequaiv, from the brother of 
 Uncas. "The hill called Wawequos" Norw. Rec. 1677. 
 
 Waivecoes brook : " in Shepaug neck," New Milford, 
 1723. N. Milf. Rec , i. 76; Wawecoos, id. 331; "Wawwecous 
 brook . . on the e. side of the Great river," id. iv. 509. 
 
 Waworannawak, Wauwaraneanauk, Warronwarack 
 (Moh.) : a place " five or six miles up Mystic river, near the 
 path to Moheage," proposed as a reservation for Robin 
 Cassasinamon's band of Pequots. MSS. Rec. of U. Cols., 
 in Hazard, ii. 387, 435, 448.
 
 8o 
 
 (Narr.): then.w. corner of Catapazet's 
 (Hermon Garret's) reserved land. Potter's Narrag., 65. On 
 Ashawag river, betw. North Stonington and Hopkinton (R. I.). 
 
 Wean'ttnocfc: the so. part of New Milford, on both 
 sides of Housatonic river. C. R. Lands, ii. 297 : al. Wianti- 
 noque, N. Milf. Rec. ; Wiantenuck, Col. Rec. iii. 20 ; Wyan- 
 tenug, id. 47 ; Oantenocke river (1671), C. Rec., Lands, i. 421 ; 
 Ouwantonnoc, Pres. Stiles, 1761. The name seems to have 
 belonged to the basin at the foot of the Great Falls : the 
 equivalent of Chip, waianatanang, ' where the water whirls ' 
 (Baraja). It may, however, designate the place where the 
 river ' winds about the hill,' wacn-adn-atike ; or, 'land about 
 the hill' (Abn. coimadenek}. 
 
 Weaquassick (Quineb.) : called the n. w. boundary of 
 Quinebaug lands. C. Rec. Lands, iii. 308. See Weyough- 
 chauge and Weaxcashuck. 
 
 Weasaubaux (Moh.) ; "a little brook that runs into the 
 e. side of Quinebaug river : " according to Pequot testimony, 
 the so. bound of Hyems' sachemdom. C. R. Lands, iii. 308. 
 The name must have been transferred to the brook from a 
 pond : ivesaue-paug-es ' little yellow pond ' or ' little bitter 
 pond ' (for the prefix, tvesau, admits of either interpretation). 
 Cutler's brook, in the n. w. corner of Griswold ? 
 
 Weatauf/ f mod. Weatof/ue : meadows, on Farmington 
 river, in Simsbury, so. of the mouth of Hop brook : a village, 
 post-office, and school district retain the name. 
 
 2. Meadows near the Housatonic river, in Salisbury, above 
 Falls Village : Weatauk, C. R. Lands, iii. 301, 303 ; "a high 
 mountain called Weatauke" ibid. ; Wetawog, id. 72 ; al. 
 Wehtak, Wiatiack (Morav Missionaries). A deed from 
 Mataukson (Metoxen) and other "Indians of Weetauke" 1719, 
 bound this tract on the w. by Weeatauwachon ( Wetauwauchu) 
 hill, and by a straight line from the northern end of the hill 
 to Hokonkamok (now called " Washinee ") pond. C. R. 
 Lands, iv. 442. The name seems to denote a place where 
 the Indians lived (weetauog) or had their wigwams (wetu-auke, 
 'wigwam-place'), and I can find no other probable interpreta- 
 tion of it ; yet I am not sure that this is the true one.
 
 8i 
 
 Weaxcashuc-k (Moh.) : the great swamp in Ellington ; 
 al. Wexcashuck (1686), Weexhashuck (C. R. Lands, iv. 310, 
 332) : " a place called by the English ' the Great Marsh ' and 
 by the Indians Weaxcashuck" 1730: but the name properly 
 belongs to ' the end of the swamp,' or marsh, or to the place 
 ' to which the swamp extends.' The prefix is the same as in 
 Weexcodazva (see Wequapaug), the Mohegan equivalent of 
 Mass, and Narrag. wekshe ' reaching as far as,' ' extending 
 to.' Comp. Wegoschook, Weaquassick, Weckquaesgeek, etc. 
 
 Webomakat (Moh.) : a place named in Uncas's deed to 
 Saybrook, 1666, west of Pataquasak (Lynde's point) : now 
 Obscob, near the mouth of Oyster river. Either, 'at the 
 white rock,' ivdb-ompsk-iit, or ' at the narrow passage of the 
 rocks,' wepe-ompsk-ut (as in Narr. Wyapumscut}. 
 
 Wvbotnck. See Weepatuck. 
 
 Wecaptmtj. See Wequapaug. 
 
 Wecope'suck, Wic'ape'set: a very small rocky island, 
 at the e. end of Fisher's island, so. of Stonington : al. Weeka. 
 peesuck, Wicopesset, etc. For wehque-peasik ' little thing at 
 the end ' of the great island. 
 
 Weckquaestiiik, Wiequaeskeek : Greenburg, West- 
 chester co., N. Y., " betw. Sint-sinck and Armonck rivulets." 
 O'Callaghan's N. Netherland, i. 241, from N. Y. (Holl. Doc., 
 v. 134). Otherwise written, Wickquasgeck (De Vries, 1638), 
 ]\'iqitaeskec, Wecliquaesqueck, Wiequashook, etc. It is the 
 equivalent of Moh. Weegoschook, Weegasoeguck (and of 
 Chip, watikwa-ashkiki) 'the end of the marsh, swamp, or 
 wet-meadow.' 
 
 Wecuppdmee : a small river in Bethlem and Woodbury, 
 having its source in Long-Meadow pond ; one of three which 
 unite to form Pomperaug river. "Tradition says that Wicka- 
 pcina is the name of an Indian chief who lived on the place" 
 (Rev. Azel Backus's MS. Acco't of Bethlem). Wecuppemee's 
 name appears as a witness to an Indian deed, to Woodbury, 
 in 1673 : see Cothren's Woodbury, i. 24, and, as Weekpeines, 
 to a deed in 1761, recorded in C. R. Lands, 1.421. His name 
 means ' Bass-wood' or 'the Linden' (Tilia americana ; Chip. 
 wigobimij, -tvekopimish ; Abn. zvigabimisi), a tree highly valued 
 ii
 
 82 
 
 by the Indians, for its inner bark (ivikopi), from which they 
 made ropes and mats. [It may be worth noting, that this 
 tree owes its popular name, in English as well as in Algonkin, 
 to the use made of its bark. The wikopi of the Indians was 
 the bast of the Germans and English (corrupted to bass), the 
 l>u'sf of the Anglo-Saxons.] Whether " Wecuppemee " called 
 himself "The Linden," or was so denominated by the English, 
 because he lived at a place where lindens grew, I cannot say. 
 
 2. \Vecobeineas: land on Beacon Hill brook, in Nauga- 
 tuck ? Orcutt's Derby, xxxiv, xcv. 
 
 '.* Ween p : a place within the boundaries of John Pyn- 
 chon's deed to Suffield. Sykes's Hist. Disc., 32. 
 * See Wachaqueage. 
 (Peq.) : the place where Sassacus, the 
 Pequot sachem, lived, in 1636. R. Williams, in letter to J. 
 Winthrop, 2 Mass. Hist. Coll., i. 161. In Groton? or, North 
 Stonington ? Comp. Winsachewet ; Wintechog. 
 
 Wemcsuek, Winun isittk, brook : near the n. w. corner 
 of New Milford, runs n. west'y into Housatonic river at Gay- 
 lord's bridge, betw. New Milford and Sherman; al. WJicuic- 
 suck, Wemesseage, Wenashoge. C. A., Towns & Lands, v. 
 230; viii. 70. C. R. Lands, ii. 299, 333 ; iv. 231. 
 
 Wenaniasoufi (Moh.) : one of the bounds of the Pigs- 
 comsuck (Canterbury) purchase, described as " a rocky hill," 
 of which the so. end was 200 rods w. of Pigscomsuck (Ouine- 
 baug ?) river, at a point opposite the mouth of Wesquacksaug 
 river or brook, and about 632 rods no. of the mouth of 
 Momagegwetuck (Rowland's) brook. C. A., Priv. Controv., 
 ii. 298; C. R. Lands, iii. 166. 
 
 Wenashoye* See Wemesnck. 
 
 Wenurikeapaueook. See Womtnkapaugcook. 
 
 Weputisock: the Round Hill, in Farmington meadows, 
 about half a mile from the main street ; so named in the 
 agreement with the, Farmington Indians in 1673. Porter's 
 Hist. Address, 1840, p. 31. 
 
 Weepatnck mountain : " in the s. w. corner of Sharon." 
 C. R. Lands, iv. 610; C. A., T. & L., viii. 174. "Webotuck, 
 the Indian name of Ten-Mile river." Sedgwick's Sharon,
 
 83 
 
 31. The name belongs to the narrow valley west of the 
 mountain, or to the 'pass' so. of it, through which the river 
 makes its way to the Housatonic : Mass, wecpwoint-ohke 
 ' place at the narrow pass ' or ' strait.' " Wimpeting, at the 
 w. base of a range of mountains, about seven miles s. of 
 Sharon village" (Sedgwick's Sharon, 13), in the n. w. of Kent, 
 is another form of the same name. C. A., T. & L., vii. 46. 
 Comp. Weepowaug. 
 
 We-powdije, Weepowany : a place north of Brewster's 
 farm at Poquetannock, in Preston ; Wypeivoke, in Uncas's 
 deed to Connecticut, of 1640. Moh. Case, 152; Col. Rec., 
 ii. 142; Hist. N. London, 125. 
 
 2. Wepowage, Wepoiuaug, Wopowaug: Milford, and the 
 river that runs through Milford to the Sound : originally, 
 that part of the river near which the first planters settled. 
 
 The name designates land ' at the narrows ' of a river 
 or cove, and usually, ' the crossing place,' weepwoi-auk. 
 [The diminutive, 'at the little crossing-place,' is found in 
 Wepoiset, the Narrows of Kekamuit river, in Bristol, R. L, 
 and in Weybosset (formerly, Wapwaysef), Providence.] Com- 
 pare Auquebatuckj Owibctuck. 
 
 Weqwadn'ach, Wachquatnaeh (as written by the 
 Moravian missionaries) : the site of an Indian village near 
 Indian Pond, in the n. w. corner of Sharon. This pond is 
 partly in Dutchess co., N. Y., and lies between Indian 
 (PoconnocK) mountain in Sharon, and West Mountain, in 
 Northeast, N. Y. The name (= wequae-adn-auke} means 
 ' place at the end of (or, extending to) the mountain.' The 
 Indian village on the east side of the pond, or the land about 
 it, was earlier called Pachqnadnach (see Morav. Memorial in 
 N. Y. and Conn., 75), signifying ' bare-mountain land.' 
 
 W^quagnoch: Indian pond, Sharon; a corruption of 
 Wequadnach, above. 
 
 Wi'ijHHfHuuji WecfapOUff (Narr.): a brook running 
 into the west end of Paspataug or Nekequowese (now Quon- 
 acontaug) salt pond, near the e. line of Westerly, R. I. ; the 
 east bound of the territory claimed by the Pequots. The 
 Pequot-Mohegan name of this bound-mark was Weexcodoiva.
 
 84 
 / 
 
 Ind. Testim., in Col. Rec., iii. 275 ; Ind. Map, in Mass. Arch., 
 xxx. 113; Potter's Narrag., 56, 248, 263-5. Other forms 
 of the name are, U 'ffar/><w, \\'cakapauge, Wequapauock, 
 \\'iccafr>\ II 'ickaboag, etc. Wequa-pang means 'at the end 
 of the pond.' The prefix (Mass, ivehquae, nhqnae, as in 
 wehqu~ohke 'end of the earth') signifies, primarily, 'as far 
 as,' 'to the extreme point, or limit, of:' it is common to all 
 Algonkin dialects ; as in Chip. Waiekwa-kctchigami, the 
 name of Fond du Lac (Wise, and Minn), ' at the end of the 
 great-water' (Lake Superior). A form of the same prefix 
 is found in the Mohegan name, Wcexcodawa, 'for Mass. 
 i^cJiqslii-, weeksJiik, 'it extends to,' 'goes as far as,' 'is the end.' 
 
 [2. Wickapogue, Weekquapauk : a place betw. two ponds, 
 near the south shore, in Southampton, L. I. South. Recs. 
 
 3. Wickaboag pond, in West Brookfield, Mass. ; near 
 Chicopee river, to which it had, at one end, an outlet, by a 
 stream twenty or thirty rods long. Whitney's Wore. Co., 79.] 
 
 Compare Wequapaugset, Wequatucket, Wcquatnckset, Weque- 
 tagiiock, Weqiiadnacli. In some place-names, wequac, or a 
 derivative (Mass. wJiquac, ukqua.6, whque) denotes a ' point ' 
 or ' ending,' of either land or water (in a cove, harbor, or 
 inlet): comp. Chip, wikweia "it forms a bay"; tvikwe- (as 
 prefix) "in a corner of" (Baraga) : as, probably, in Waquoit, 
 at the head of the bay and cove in Falmouth, Mass. ; and 
 Waqua (now Wasque) point, Edgartown, Martha's Vineyard. 
 
 WequapauffSet : a small pond near Tippican Pond, in 
 the s. w. corner of West Greenwich, R. I. ; corrupted to 
 "Boxet"; Wickerboxet, Parsons, Ind. Names in R. I., 31. 
 A diminutive of Wequapaug ; ' at the end of the little pond,' 
 or, perhaps, 'little pond at the end.' 
 
 WeqiifitHcket, mod. Wiq uctaquock, Wick' uttequock : a 
 cove and tidal river (properly, the head of the cove,) about 
 half-way from Stonington borough to Pawcatuck river. The 
 name describes the locality as at the ' head of a tidal river,' 
 wgqua-tukq-ut, with the addition of auke (ocK) 'land' ; 'land 
 at the end of tide-water.' Roger Williams wrote it without 
 the final syllable, Wequatuck 1 qnt. In Ston. Records, Wequa- 
 tucket, 1669; Ecotowtuck river, 1667; Wequetowock, 1703.
 
 85 
 
 [2. Wickataquay pond, on Martha's Vineyard, communi- 
 cates by a narrow opening with the harbor of Holmes's Hole 
 (hodie " Vineyard Haven "). The name belonged to the so. 
 end of the pond.] 
 
 Weq until wet, -fuckset brook (Narr.) : in Charlestown, 
 R. I., "a little eastward of Ninigret's old stone fort"; the e. 
 bound of Niantic land claimed by Hermon Garrett in 1676, 
 Col. Rec., ii. 288, 314. Meadow brook, which runs into an 
 arm of Charlestown (or Ninigret's) pond, e. of Fort Neck : 
 weque-tukq-es-et ' at the head of the small cove ' or tidal 
 river : a diminutive of Wequatuck-et. 
 
 Weeqiieenucli (Moh.) a swamp, so. of Trading Cove 
 brook, not far from its mouth, in Montville. C. Arch., 
 Indians, i. 67. 
 
 WequonoCf Weqiianucl* (Moh.) : near Shetucket river, 
 in the n. e. part of (old) Norwich, now in Lisbon. The river, 
 a plain, and an island in the river were called by this name, 
 which seems to have originally belonged to the place where 
 Little River enters the Shetucket, in Lisbon : " the brook 
 which comes in at Wequanock" Miss Larned's Windh. Co., 
 i. 105. (Miss Caulkins, Hist. Norwich, 621, regards this as 
 "the Indian name for the low land on the Shetucket, above 
 and below the junction of the Ouinebaug ;" but for Quinebaug, 
 we may substitute Little river.) Popularly abbreviated to 
 Quonuck. Probably, a corruption of Wequadnauk (= Wequad- 
 nach, q. v.) 'at the end of the hill' (south of the mouth of 
 Little river). 
 
 Werawmaug, Warramaitf/: the name by which the 
 " sachem of Weantinock," who lived near the Great Falls of 
 the Housatonic, in New Milford, was known to the English : 
 al. Werauhamaugi \Veromaug, and shortened to Rawamaug, 
 Rau'maug. Deed of 1716, on N. Milford Rec., i. 73 ; C. R. 
 Lands, iii. 362 ; iv. 34. In his deed to New Milford he 
 reserved a tract of 2,000 acres, for hunting ground. This 
 tract, afterwards called " Raumaug's Reserve," is now in the 
 parish of New Preston, in Washington : and the name is still 
 retained for " Waranmang Lake" (until recently, Raiim'aug 
 pond,) on the n. w. border of New Preston, partly in Warren.
 
 86 
 
 The Indian name for this pond was \\\>iikcjnang (q. v.) 
 ll'i-rtiHHiiiHg means ' good fishing place.' The sachem may 
 have taken his appellation from his place of residence, near 
 the famous fishing-place below the falls of the Housatonic 
 (see Metichawoif). Such transference of place-names to 
 persons was very common : e. g. Poichatau, so called because 
 his chief residence was 'at the falls' on James river (Va.) ; 
 so, Nonnewaug, Winuepank, q. v. [There was a Pocomtuck 
 sachem (at Deerfield, Mass.) who had the same name or 
 appellation (Werroivomang, Werowomake^) as early as 1654; 
 see Recs. Comm'rs. U. Cols., 1654.] 
 
 Wescoiui(/nf/. See Wishquodiniack. 
 
 Weshokctsta/neek. See Wachocastinook. 
 
 Wesqitaciesauff brook : runs into Quinebaug river from 
 the east, opposite the so. end of Wenaniasoug hill. C. A., 
 Priv. Controv., ii. 298. See Wenaniasoug. 
 
 Wesqua/nfooJe : abb rev. Squantwk, Squontk,&\.c..: a tract 
 of land on the Housatonic river, at or near the mouth of 
 Four-mile brook in Seymour. The tract called " Wesquantook 
 and Rockhouse hill," sold by the Indians in 1693, extended 
 from Four-mile brook northward, to Five-mile brook (in 
 Oxford). Orcutt's Derby, 94, 95 : Sharpe's Seymour, 7. 
 Mod. Squantuck, as the name of a school-district (now 
 annexed to the First,) in Seymour. The meaning is not 
 ascertained. 
 
 Wctanwanvhu, W<>efttanu'<'l)on: a hill, or moun- 
 tainous ridge, parallel with the Housatonic, in Salisbury. 
 C. A., T. & L., vii. 245 ; C. R. Lands, iv. 442 ; " Watawanchu 
 mountain," on a modern map. [In Judge Church's Address 
 (1842), pp. 12, 74, the name is printed Wotawanchu ; but I 
 do not find this form in any early record.] In \Vcataitk 
 and Wetauwauchu we have, apparently, the same adjectival ; 
 prefixed, in the former name, to the representative of aitkc 
 ' place, land,' and in the latter, to wadchu, wauchu, 'mountain.' 
 Weatau-wauchu is ' Weataug mountain.' See Went auk. 
 
 Weewodaiva. See Weqnapaug. 
 
 WeijonyhchaitfjfWeyeouycftlHi.iHj (Ouineb.) : by the 
 testimony of Quinebaug Indians, 1706, this was the n. w.
 
 87 
 
 bound of Hyems's land ; ab. 5 miles w. of Ouinebaug river. 
 C. A., T. & L., ii. 1 88; We-you-chang-guck, C. R. Lands, 
 ii. 309. Near the so. line of Pomfret. 
 
 Witnut me fuses, Wt/<t nemesis: in or near the s. e. 
 corner of the Quinebaug country claimed by Hyems. Accord- 
 ing to Indian testimony, 1701, the s. e. corner of the Ouine- 
 baug land was at Wianemeises PutacawmaumsJiciick ; though 
 some Ouinebaug Indians fixed the s. e. corner at Atchauben- 
 inick, placing Wianemeises 'at a distance, in the line [no. 
 easterly] from the corner, on one side,' and Putacawmumsh- 
 cuck in the line on the other side. C. A., T. & L. ii., 188 ; 
 C. R. Lands, ii. 308. It "bounded on the Narraganset 
 country." Near the line betw. Voluntown and Exeter, R. I. 
 
 Wiashquagwwnsuck (Moh.) : one of the w. bounds 
 of the Mohegan territory, " s. about 10 w. from Moshenups 
 [the so. end of Snipsic pond] ; where the Hartford road goes 
 (through the notch in the mountain) to the Cedar swamp." 
 Chandler's Survey, 1705, in Moh. Case, 49. At or near 
 Bolton Notch. 
 
 Wiekdbany ; Wickaboxet. See Wequapaug ; Wequa- 
 paugset. 
 
 Wicketaquock. See Wequatucket. 
 
 Will! nuui'tic river: runs, southerly, through Tolland 
 county, receiving Hop river at the s. e. corner of Coventry, 
 and joins Natchaug river, near the present borough of 
 Willimantic, to form the Shetucket ; " Waramanticut river," 
 Oweneco's deed, 1684, and Col. Rec., iii. 202 ; Wallamanticuk, 
 Wewemantick river, C. A., T. & Lands, v. 119; Wcamman- 
 tuck, Chandler's Survey, 1705. The name did not originally 
 belong to the river, but to some locality on or near its course. 
 It is not easv to decide which of the forms under which the 
 
 ^ 
 
 name appears best represents the Indian pronunciation. The 
 first two syllables may stand for ivinni (varying, in local 
 dialects, to wirri, watt re, willi, wee} 'good, fine, pleasant '- 
 or woweau (ivewe, waemt, etc.) 'round about,' 'winding'; 
 and the last two syllables may represent manatnck ' a look- 
 out, or place of observation ' (usually, a hill top) or, 
 mahantick, mana n tik, ' a cedar swamp ' : and consequently,
 
 88 
 
 the name, as it comes to us, may be interpreted ' a good 
 lookout' (designating some bold hill near the river) 'good 
 cedar-swamp,' or 'where it winds about a bold hill,' or 
 ' cedar-swamp.' 
 
 11'int/H'finf/. See ]Vcpatnck. 
 
 II tint ijt<K(k : mills, village, and post-office, in the no. 
 part of Norvvalk ; named after one of the Indian proprietors 
 of lands in the township, who joined in the deed of 1651-52, 
 to the Norwalk planters : " Winnipank, sagamore of Norwalk," 
 is named in a deed of 1690. Hall's Norwalk, 35, 37, 93. 
 / 1 ewinajwuc&vras one of the signers of the deed of Weanlinock 
 (New Milford) in 1703. Winni-paitg means 'fine pond,' and 
 the name given to the sagamore may, as in many other 
 instances, have been taken from the place where he lived. 
 
 H'tHSfff/iCH'eft : in Stonington (old) bounds. Walter 
 Palmer had a town grant of land there, in 1660. Winshachook 
 is named in a deed of Tho. Rose. Ston. Rec. The same as 
 Wintechogf Compare WinsoJickook, Weinshauks. 
 
 Wiiiso/M'hook (Moh.) : a bound-mark in the Mohegan 
 so. line ; "a great clift of rocks" on the w. side of Eight-mile 
 river in Lyme, nearly 2^ miles, e. by no. northerly from 
 Stone's Rock. Chandler, 1705, Moh. Case, 50. Weegoschook, 
 1666, Col. Rec., iii. 149; Wegasoeguck, T. & L., i. 223 ; v. 70. 
 Now, Mount Archer in North Lyme. Comp. Weinsliauks, 
 WinsacJiewctt, Wintechog. 
 
 Wintechoy hill : in the s. w. part of North Stonington, 
 e. of Lantern hill. 
 
 ll'isf/HfKfes: "near to Poquetannoc brook," where a 
 
 farm of 200 acres was laid out to Benj. Brewster, in 1669, 
 
 joining Norwich bounds. Col. Rec., ii. 90 ; iii. 220. See 
 
 Wochsquamugguck. Near the so. line of Preston. From 
 
 (Narr.) iviissoquat, (Moh.) wisliquuts 'walnut trees' ? 
 
 II fs/n/iioflin /</</.% Wi$fMluaenniOff, Westquodniake 
 (Quineb.) : the n. e. bound-mark of the Quinebaug country 
 claimed by Hyems. Ind. Testim., in T. & Lands, ii. 188. 
 It was very near to (and eastward from) MacJiepaconaponsuck, 
 and SJienunkcJiooge. Called also, Westquanoid (Arnold's R. 
 Island, ii. 5) ,and Wesconnaug, as the name of a tract
 
 8 9 
 
 comprising the so. part of Foster and Scituate, R. I., sold by 
 Moosup, the Narrag. sachem, to Cranston and others, in 
 1662 (C. A., Col. Bds., i. 200). The name appears under so 
 diverse forms, than any interpretation must be conjectural ; 
 but, as pronounced by Quinebaug Indians (Testimony, in 
 T. & Lands, ii. 188), "WisJi-quat-en-ni-og" and "Wishquod- 
 iniack? it appears to mean ' walnut-tree land,' wishquatinne- 
 auke, or ' walnut-tree hill land,' wiskquut-adene*auke. (Comp. 
 Acqueedennitck.} 
 
 WochokiesJcquOB, See Wottochoquisk. 
 
 Woehsquamugguek (Moh.) : "a brook or place" 
 between Wisquades and Norwich so. bounds, where a parcel 
 of meadow was laid out to Mr. Benj. Brewster, in 1669. 
 Col. Rec., iii. 220, note. Near Poquetanock brook, and the 
 present line betw. Preston and Ledyard. Named, probably, 
 from some kind of fish taken there : like m squamauguck 
 (Misquamicuk) ' place of taking salmon,' and other names of 
 similar composition. 
 
 VWongateey (Moh.): a bound-mark of the Quinebaug 
 country, w. of the river, in a line running n. westerly 
 from Wanungatuck (the bend of the river, in n. e. part of 
 Canterbury) to the head of Little river. Pequot Testim., in 
 Col. Rec. Lands, ii. 308 ; T. & Lands, ii. 188. In Brooklyn, 
 or Hampton. 
 
 Woangatuchm See Wanungatuck. 
 
 Won<i'u/m,, Wonf/nnfc: means 'a bend,' 'at the bend' : 
 
 1. In the' n. w. part of Portland (and s. w. part of 
 Glastonbury) where the name is still retained for the Wongunk 
 meadows, and brook. Wongum, Col. Rec., i. 434 ; " Wonggum 
 Indians," id., ii. 379; "Wongunk meadow," id., iv. 213. So 
 called from the great bend of the Connecticut, between Mid- 
 dletown and Portland. 
 
 2. Wangum mountain in Canaan, projects southward, 
 from Canaan mountain, making a ' bend ' in the general 
 range. 
 
 Wonf/umbaiif/ (Moh.) : pond, in (South) Coventry : al. 
 Wangmnbog. The name, wonku n paug ' bent (or crooked) 
 pond' was extended over a considerable tract of land in the 
 
 12
 
 90 
 
 e. part of Coventry and so. part of Tolland. Waldo's Tolland 
 Address, 17. 
 
 Won n ii n s/i oftke. See Unggivonshackcook. 
 
 WonJtfemaug pond: betw. Washington (New Preston) 
 and Warren, within the tract formerly called Weramaug's 
 hunting grounds, or Raumaug ; hence, Raumaug pond, and 
 now, " Weramaug lake." C. R. Lands, i. 92 ; iv. 35. Its 
 Indian name, otherwise written Wonkkecomatig "signifies a 
 crooked pond," 1720 (C R. Lds., iii. 364) ; more exactly, 'a 
 crooked fishing-place ' ivonki-amaug. 
 
 Wonksuntcam/ufff Wona&unkamug : pond in the 
 n. w. part of New Hartford, on the Barkhamsted line (Blod- 
 gett's and Hudson & Goodwin's maps) : now, Shepherd's pond. 
 
 ?Wo)iococomauff : named in John Pynchon's deed to 
 Suffield, as within the territory conveyed. Sykes's Hist. 
 Address, 32. Now Congamuck pond, betw. Suffield and 
 Southwick, Mass. ? The name probably denotes a fishing- 
 fence, or weir : wonkonco-komuk, or wonkunk-amaug ; or, is a 
 corruption of Wonkemaug (q. v.) ? 
 
 Wonunkapauffcoofc, -pauJeooJc : land at and near the 
 great pond (Furnace pond) near Lakeville, in Salisbury : the 
 name appears on the Salisbury Proprietors Records, April, 
 1739, as Wonnunkopaucook (substituted, in several places, for 
 "Great Pond," which was first written, and erased). It is 
 elsewhere written, Wononcapawcook, Unkapaukook (C. R. 
 Lands, iv. 187, 306) ; Wenunkeapaucook (id., iii. 424) ; and 
 Wenunkapaugoog (id., iv. 441) ; always with reference to a 
 tract of land; but " Wononkopoco pond (1726) and " Wowoncko- 
 panco pond" (1733), in C. R. Lands, iv. 306, 350. From 
 these and other corruptions of one name, two independent 
 names have, within the last century, been fashioned : " Wonon- 
 scopom'uc\2?." for the Great (Furnace) pond, and "Wonon- 
 pakook lake" for Long pond (or "the Middle pond," as it was 
 occasionally denominated in Salisbury, early records : see 
 Tattauquannock-paugcook) . For Wononscopomuc, I am unable 
 to find earlier authority than Judge Church's Hist. Address 
 (1842). The name, as found in the ancient records, with 
 whatever variation, means 'land at the bend, or turning,
 
 of the pond ' ; wonunki-paug-oJike ' bend of the pond land.' 
 Whether the locality designated was at the south-east exten- 
 sion of the pond, or on the north side, where it is indented 
 by the land, I cannot determine. See Kenunckpacooke : and 
 comp. Wanungatuck. 
 
 WopOWCLUg. See Wepowage. 
 
 Woronock, Oronoke : at the ferry over the Housatonic, 
 at the narrows between Milford and Stratford. The Indians 
 had a village on the Milford side, at this place. Lambert's 
 N. H. Colony, 96, 100, 126-7. "Oronoque ferry;" "Oronoque 
 village," in Stratford. 
 
 2. Orenaug rocks, in Woodbury (q. v.) If of Indian 
 origin, the name was, probably, transferred from some other 
 locality. 
 
 [3. Waranoco, Warronocke ; Westfield, Mass. ; Waronocke, 
 1638, Col. Rec., i. 14 ; Warranoake, ibid., 410.] 
 
 ?Wote9amoon8Uck pond: near the line betw. North 
 Stonington and Hopkinton, R. I. ; sends a branch into 
 Ashawog river. Lockwood's Map of R. I., 1819. Watesa- 
 moonsuck, " tract and hill, w. of Hopkinton," Parsons, Ind. 
 Names, 29. 
 
 ? IViittochoquisk (Moh.) : the n. e. bound of Joshua's 
 deed of Hebron : near Hop river, in Andover ? The same 
 as Wochokeiskquas, the more southerly and easterly of two 
 tracts, about a mile apart, each containing a large boggy 
 meadow. C. R. Lands, ii. 130, 184; iv. 334, 351. See 
 WacJiaqueage. 
 
 Wunnashowatiickqut, Showatuckqut ; the country 
 of the Wunnashowatuckoogs, mentioned by Roger Williams, 
 in 1637, as confederates of the Pequots. They were neigh- 
 bors of the Wusquowlianawkits [i. e. ' people of the pigeon 
 country'], "who are the furthermost Nipnet men" (4 Mass. 
 Hist. Coll., vi. 1 88, 193, 197, 207,) and were subjects to 
 Canonicus (Potter's Narrag., 145). In Worcester county, 
 Mass., ' at the crotch of the river,' as the name denotes (see 
 She tucket} ; probably at the forks of Blackstone's river, or 
 perhaps betw. Quinebaug and French rivers.
 
 9 2 
 
 n tut iH'f/nnscf hill: in Lebanon, about 2 miles no. of 
 the centre (Town street). Lester's Map. Dr. Nott's MS. 
 Account of Franklin names "Oiieigiinsct, a small hill ; . . the 
 Suscatomset passes its front." (If this is the same hill, he 
 was wrong in giving its distance and direction as " two miles 
 north" from Franklin church.) The name comes apparently 
 from wunnaug ' dish ' or ' bowl,' of which the diminutive is 
 ivunnangans (Chip, ondgans), with the locative suffix ; and if 
 so, it designates either the hill itself, as ' bowl shaped,' or 
 some 'hollow' on or near it. 
 
 Wuttooiuif/ river: Rocky river, in New Fairfield and 
 New Milford, running n. easterly to the Housatonic. It 
 receives Poataskehung brook, in New Fairfield. C. R. Lands, 
 iii. 333 ; C. A., T. & Lands, viii. 150, 155. Wattoonug, 1715. 
 pond. See Ahyosupsuck. 
 
 Yngotnpsh, Yf if/ tni.sk (Narr.) : the e. bound of a farm 
 in the Narraganset country, laid out in 1673, to the heirs of 
 Gov. John Haynes ; described as "a brook running southerly 
 into a cove or pond," e. of Ninigret's fort, in Charlestown, 
 R. I. Col. Rec., ii. 188; C. R. Lds., i. 409, 435; Potter's 
 Narrag., 65. "Probably the Cross' Mill brook," Parsons, 
 Ind. Names, 32. See Wequatuxet. 
 
 Yan'tuc, Yonttthque (Moh.), mod. Yantic: a small 
 river, running westerly and so. westerly, through the so. part 
 of Lebanon, Bozrah, and Norwich, and uniting with Shetucket 
 river, at Norwich city. The first settlers of Norwich gave 
 the name of Yantuck to the whole district, along the course 
 of this river, beyond their town-plot. In Uncas's deed to 
 Connecticut, 1640, Yomtack is named as one of the places, 
 or tracts of lands, conveyed. The name may signify, either, 
 yauun (Mass. yoaett)-tuk, 'on one side of the tidal-river,' or 
 yden-tuk 'extending to the tidal-river.' (The termination tuk, 
 denoting a tidal stream or estuary, cannot have belonged to 
 the Yantic above the falls.) 
 
 Yantuckkoyofj (Moh.) : bound-mark in the e. line of the 
 Wabaquasset country, betw. "Yeomskgie" and " Neshwrige? 
 in Oweneco's deed of 1684, C. R. Lands, ii. 118 ; Gantuck- 
 koyog (by the recorder's error) in Col. Rec., iii. 150;
 
 93 
 
 Nantuckoyag, betw. Yeeompsky and Nashawog, in C. R. 
 Lands, ii. 206. 
 
 Yash1ewongu / n<nuck, Yoskcowwongamuck, (Moh.) : a 
 pond, in the east line of the Mohegan country, about 70 rods 
 long, n. w. and s. e., and 30 rods wide, about 3 miles n. n. e. 
 from Mahmansuck (Billings's pond, in North Stonington). 
 Chandler's Survey, and map, in Moh. Case, 48. Now, Hedge 
 pond, in the s. e. part of Voluntown. 
 
 "* Yfi ubttcks: in North Stonington, near Cosaduck hill 
 and brook. Is there a small pond thereabouts, which would 
 authorize the analysis, yoae-paugs or yawi-pogs 'on one side 
 of the small pond'? 
 
 Y<urf/O(if/ pond : in n. w. part of Hopkinton, R. I., 
 near the Conn, line ; Parsons's Ind. names, 32 : Yagoge, 
 Thos. Minor's MS. Diary. 
 
 [2. 'Yawgoo, Yawcook, pond, about 2^ miles n. w. from 
 So. Kingstown (R. I.) station, on the line betw. Exeter and 
 Richmond : Yazvgoo woods are north of it. Parsons's Ind. 
 Names in R. I., 32.] 
 
 :* Ymvyoltby : a place on the Great Neck, New London, 
 bears this awful name, in a deed to Rev. Mr. Bleninan, 1654. 
 N. L. Records. Perhaps a perversion of (aucnp, R. W.) 
 yoae-koopog ' at the side of the cove, or harbor ' ; Narr. 
 aucup 'a little cove, or creek' (R. W.). 
 
 Yeeompshy, -omstegfe (Moh.): in the east bounds of 
 the Wabaquasset and Nipmuck purchase, northward from 
 Yantuckkoyog, q. v. 
 
 Yeushquatuck i named by Ouinebaug Indians as a 
 bound-mark in the no. line of Quinebaug lands ; betw. 
 Mashapaug (Killingly pond) and Weyoughchauguck, the n. 
 w. corner bound. C. Rec. Lands, ii. 309. In Pomfret.
 
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