^ K \\\E UNIVERS 1 /^ >^LO$ANCELj> t^- ^> .. r^m fD ^*z ^***^ &> CAHFO^, va J OR TIN's TRACTS. VOL. I. JOANNES MO 1R TAIL IS TRACTS, PHILOLOGICAL, CRITICAL, A >' : MISCELLANEOUS. ter. J O H N J O R r I -V, ZX D. AT. : :-: r i.-. ; : :: Oi i :?:::- 3U3CSTAS IX THE CAST, ASD TICAE. OF KESSIKGTOX. PIECES, ; BEFORE PUBLISHED SEFAEATELT, EJLAI. - TOTHHTORtS OF LEAUED THE AD-THOR'S MAKCSCRIPTS. IN VOL. I. LO x D c r r. Z I XJ AMIY WHITE AX SOX, f I T - i T 1 . M.DCCJtC. PR - TABLE OF CONTENTS. VOL. I. I. Lusus POETICI 3 II. REMARKS ON SPENSER. - -* 54 in. ADDITIONAL NOTES, ANONYMOUS - 286 IV. REMARKS ON MILTON - - 307 V. SERMON, AT THE CONSECRATION OF BISHOP PEA*CE - 347 VI. REMARKS ON ARCHBISHOP TILLOTSOH'S SERMONS - - 366 VH. SCRIPUTRAL ILLUSTRATIONS - 376 VIII. STRICTURES ON THE ARTICLES, SUB- SCRIPTIONS, TESTS, &c. - 417 IX. CURSORY OBSERVATIONS - - 428 X. ANECDOTES - 445 XI. TRANSLATIONS FROM THE Lusus POETICI 460 t^_ . ADVERTISEMENT. 1 O offer an apology for republifhing feveral of the Pieces contained in thefe Volumes is deemed unnecefiary, as they. have long fince become equally fcarce and defirable. The Editor's motives are not lucrative : his principal view being to fulfil the expectation of fome valued friends, who are partial to the memory of his deceafed father ; and alfo of other learned and refpedable men, by whom he has been induced to think they may afford a pleafing gratification. Some few ad- ditions will be found, both in the Remarks upon Spenjar and Milton ; and at the clofe of the L*fus Poftici. The fecond Volume coniifts partly of Ex- tracts from Dr. JOR TIN'S Manufcripts ; partly of a - ether vi ADVERTISEMENT. other Extracts from his Mifcellaneous Obfervatlons ttpon Authors : and by fuch of the Literati as have read thofe Obfervations, the new matter now intro- duced xvill perhaps be confidered as a valuable fupplement. His Remarks on Seneca have already been given in periodical publications, which are now rarely to be met with ; and, together with thofe on Hejlody Homer, Virgil^ Horace, Ovid, and Jofephvs, may furniih no mean affiftance to any future Editor of their refpeclive works. The account of our Author's life, as drawn up by his friend Dr. Heathcote, and prefixed to the late edition of Dr. JORTIN'S Sermons, might well indeed have precluded any other ; and yet, in a publication of this mifcellaneous nature, it is prefumed, that the following particulars may not be found unacceptable, as flanding in connec^ tion with the plan of his ingenious Biographer. '* My father, Rcnatus, fays Dr. Jortin, was born in Brctagne in France, and ftudied at Saumur. I have ADVERTISEMENT. Vil I have his Teiliinonial from that Academy, dated A. 1682. He came over, a young man, to Eng- land, with his father, mother, uncle, two aunts and two afters, at the time when the Proteltants fied from France about A. 1687. He was made one of the gentlemen of the Privy Chamber, ia the third year of King William, A. 1691, by the name of Renatus Jortin. I have his Patent, After this, and before I was born, he took a fancy to change his name into JORDAIN, and to give it an Englilh appearance ; being fond I fuppofe of paffing for an Englifhman, as he fpoke Englifh perfectly, and without any foreign accent. This gave me fome trouble afterwards, when I went into Deacon's orders under Bilhop Kennet, for the regifter of St. Giles in the Fields wrote my name, as it ftood there, Jordain. I gave the bifhop an account how it came to pafs. After my father's death, my mother thought it proper to afluine the name of Jortin ; and me and I always wrote it fo. My father was fecretary to Lord Orford, to Sir George Rook, and to Sir Cloudefly Shovel ; and was call a;vay with the hitsr, October 22, 1707, i aid Viii ADVERTISEMENT. " I did not think there was any perfon left of our name, till lately* I found in a news-paper, that a Merchantman came to one of our Ports, com- manded by a Captain Jortin, from the Weft Indies.'* " I have twice perufed Bacon's ingenious Hiftory of Life and Death. It recommends abund- ance of things to be taken, and a variety of rules to be obferved, with a view to make life healthy and long. But of thefe prefcriptions many are too dear, and almoft all too troublelbme ; and a long life is not tanti* Few perfons could procure all thefe Subjldia ', A Lord Chancellor, or a Lord Bifhop, might ; a poor parfon could not afford a hundredth part of the expenfe. But, for their comfort, I will be bold to tell them, that they may fare as well without his regimea. As to my- felf, I never obferved any of his rules, or any rules * Moft probably in the year 1-70, as the above is the lafl entry found in the Author's Adwfarui, at ADVERTISEMENT. tt : at all, except the general ones of Regularity and Temperance. I never had a ftrong conftkotion ; and ret, thank GOD, 1 hare had no bad ffate of health, and few acute disorders." * " Archbi&op Herring and I xrere of Jefus College in Cambridge: but he left it about the time when I was admitted, and went to another. Afterwards, when he was preacher at Lincoln's Jnn 7 I knew him better, and vificed him. He was at that rime, and long before, very intimate with Mr. Say, his friend and mine, who lived in Ely Houfe ; and Mr. Say, to my knowledge, omitted no opportunity to recommend me to him. When fee was Archbifljop of York, he ezpc&ed that a good living would lapfc into his hands ; and he told Mr. Say that he defigped k for me. He was diiappointed in his expectation : fo was not I; for Dr. TortJaBtrftohas fcrenty-iecaod year ; lad <fed KcofiogtOB, A. 1770. A I !: X ADVERTISEMENT. I had no inclination to go and dwell in the North of England. When Mr. Say died, he afked me of his own accord, whether I fhould like to fuccee4 him in the Queen's Library : I told him that no- thing could be more acceptable to me ; and he im- mediately ufed all his intereft to procure it for me ; but he could not obtain it. A perfon, who is not worth the naming, was preferred to me, by the felicitation of it matters not who, " The Archbimop afterwards affured me of his affiftance towards procuring cither the preacher- ihip, or the maftermip of the Charterhoufe, where I had gone to fchool. This project alfo failed ; not by his fault, but by the oppofition of it matters not who, " In conjunction with Biihop Sherlock, he like- wife procured for me the preaching of Boyle's Lectures. He alfo offered me a living in the country, and (which I efteemed a fmgular favoui) he gave me leave to decline it, without taking it amifs in the leaftj and faid, that he would en- deavour AD VE RT I 5 E M E XT. Xl ieavour to fcrve me in a way thtt fhould be more acceptable. He did fo, sod gave me a living in the city. * Afterwards be gaye me a Doctor's Degree. I thought it too late in life, as I told him, to go and take it at Cambridge, under a Profcflbr, who, in point of academical (boding, Blight have taken his firft degree under me, when I was Moderator. .1 was willing to owe this favour to jm, which I would not have a&cd or accepted ' - " That fane perfoas, befides Mr. Say, duff re- commend me to him, I know, and was obliged to them for it. But I muft add, that on this occafion, they did only rraJnk $**, fair the free amrjcr-, and that he would have done what ^he Thus far from the Author's private papers. Ta e jfftrmal Brilmftf, puhliihed at the Hagur, ADVERTISEMENT. amongft many other notices taken of Dr. Jortin's different writings as they occurred in publication, the following is placed at the head pf his Six Z>^r- taiions upon different Subjcfts ; -r * a work, of whofc merit the learped need no information. Ces Differtatipns ont pour auteur un homme, qui fe diftingue egalement par fes connoiflances, t par fes vertus. Litterateur du premier ordre, il n' eftime 1- etude des Mots que ce que'lle vaut, et qu'autant qu'elle conduit a la fcience des Chpfes. Verfe dans la lecture des anciens Auteurs, et dans les recherches de 1* Antiquite, il nc fe fait point une gloire de decrier fon fiecle, et de donner une injufle preference a ceux qui 1* ont precede. Con- facre par etat a T inftrucYion des hommes, il leur prefente une Religion fimple, et deftinee a les rendre cpntens de la Vie, et prepares a la Mort. Plus jalpux de trouver le Vrai, que d' inventer du Neuf, il ne s* attache a aucun fyfteme $ n' affeclc point la fingularite ; promet rarement des demon^ * In gro- printed for \Vhifton and White^ London, 1755. ftrations, ADVERT I SE ME NT. fixations, ct manque plus rarement encore a fes promeffes. Modefte enfin, et modern, il n' attache point la gloire deprimer ceux qui courent la mcme carriere, ou qui penfent differerament de lu'u A ces traits, que mon coeur a traces, que la voix pubiique confirme, et qu'un Prelat uaiTeriellement refpede des gens de lettres et des gens de bien a confacres, il eft peu de ledeurs, du moins dans notre We, qui ne reconnoifient Mr. k Dod:eur JORTIS."* " The Author of theie Differtations is a. maa equally diftinguilhed for Science and Virtue. Oi the highefl dafs in Lkerature, his unftudied regard For words is folely proportioned to their confe- quence, as the} 7 (land in conne&ioa with his fubje<3^ and conduce to the knowledge of things. Perfedlf &miliarized to ancient write: refearches of A raife himfelf on the depreffion of tr .1 which he lives, by giving an undue preference ::, dwfe * See the Jsitrnal Brit. Vol. XVII. Mois de Ko-r *. et dc Dc-. i-;5- Fa S - A 3 iiv- ?dv ADVERTISEMENT,' have gone before him. His facred profefliotl naturally difpofed him to confult the inftruftiori of others ; and to effect this, he prefents to them a religion, fimple in its appearance, and calculated to render them happy in exiftence here, and pre- pared for their great change. ' He is more fol- licitous to inveftigate truth than to fabricate novelty ; and, as being unfliacklcd by any fyftem , he aims not at fingularity; feldom leads you to expeft a demonftration ; and when he does, is fure to fulfil his engagements. In difpofition equally modeft and temperate, he does not make it his boaft to depreciate cither thofe who run with him in the fame courfe, or thofe who think dif- ferently from him. From thefe outlines, dictated by my own heart, confirmed by the public voice, and fanctioned by a prelate of univcrfal efteem amongft men of worth and letters, few readers, in Britain at leaft, can fail to anticipate the name cf DOCTOR Such ADV EKTISSMEKT. XT Such were the feotiments of a learned foreigner ; isd, to ITK^ iiiat tech are the iei^inienis 01 c_: own countrymen, the following extracts are adduced. In the Preface to Dr. Newton's edition of Poems, firft puhlifhed in 1749* we find CxHiDr cx^Twtun ^ i^iw 3.1^1% *Li.ncc "^i-icn r "". " * ~ ~~ ~ z."~*z.~-* \ rr. ~ others, in the oourfe of that elaborate work* " I am obliged too to Mr. JOZTIH for fome rrmark^ which he conveyed to me by the hands of Dr, ; [afterwards RUhop ofRochefter.] They ar^ ci^edy upon Milic-'i IziL:2,i:Dr.s D: -jzz A-cisr.:E ; but every thing that proceeds from him is of value, whether in poetry, cruirifm, or divinity; as ap- pears nocn his Lufus Poetici, his Mifcellaneous Obfervations upon Authors, and his . concerning the troth of the Chxi&aa Religion." In die third Volume, Pre&ce to Regained, &c. He lays, " The notes, as upon the PARADISE LOST, fo likewise upon the A 4 Xvi ADVERTISE ME NT* PARADISE REGAINED and other Poems, lire of various Authors, and of various kinds: buz thefe, excepting onty a few, were never printed before, and have therefore novelty to recommend them ; as well as fome names of the firft rank and greateft eminence in the republic of Letters. The truth of my afetion will be fully juftified, by mentioning only the names f Mr. Warburton and Mr. Jortm ; who, while they are employed in writing the moft learned and elaborate defences of? seligiotiy yet find leifure to cultivate the politer arts ; and to promote and improve, both in them- felves and others, a claffical tafte of the fineft authors. And, whatever may be the fuccefsj I can never repent of having engaged in this under- taking, which hath given me To many convincing proofs of their friendmip and kmdnefs ; and at? the fame time hath Happily conjoined, what per- haps might- never elfe have been joined together, wy (Indies, and my name, with theirs" The editor apprehends he cannot do a more ac- ceptable fervice to the reader, than by fubjoining. Dr, .ADVERTISEMENT. Dr. JOR TIN'S character, as it is admirably drawn in 2 late anonymous publication. " As to Doctor JOETIW, whether I look back to ids verfe, to his profc, to his critical, or to his the- ological works, there are few authors to whom I am fo much indebted for rational entertainment, r for folid ififtrudion. Learned he was, without pedantry: lie was ingenious, without the affectation of fingulartty : he was a lover of truth, without hovering over the gloomy abyfs of fccpticifin; and a friend to free inqrary, wirfwut roving into the dreary and pathlefe wilds of Latudinarianifno* He had a heart, which never difgraced "the pcvers of his underftanding. With a lively imagination, an elegant tafte,- and a judgment moft mafrnyn^r and moft correct, he united theardefi and amiable negligence of a ichooi-boy. :Wir -without ill- nature, and fenfe without eflbrt, he could at TwS featter upon every fobject; and in every bo: Writer prefcnts us with a near and diftter view of the w/ Mrs.- IT/ ADVERTISEMENTS ' Ut omnis Votivapateat tanquam dcfcripta Tabella, Vita fenis. Hor. Sat. I. Lib. iz. v. 32* " His Jlyle, though inartificial^ is fometimes ele- vated : though familiar, it is never mean ; and though employed upon various topics of Theology, Ethicks and Criticifm, it is not arrayed in any de- lulive refemblance, either of folemnity, from fana- tical cant ; of profoundnefs, from fcholaftic jargon; 9f precifion, from the crabbed formalities of cloudy philologifts ; or of refinement, from the technical babble of frivolous connoiffeurs. " At the fhadowy and fleeting reputation which is ibmetimes gained by the petty frolicks of literary vanity, or the mifchievous ftruggles' of controver- al rage, JORTJN never grafped. Tnith, which fome men are ambitious of feizing by furprize, in the trackkfs and dark recefs, he was content to overtake in the broad and beaten path : and in the purfuit of it, if he does not excite our aftonimment by JIDVERT ISEMElttfc, XlX by the rapidity of his ftrides, he at leaft fecurcs our confidence by the finnnds of his ftep. To the examination of pohtiens advanced by other men, be always brought a mind, which neither prepoi- feffion had feduced, nor malevolence polluted. Hs impofed not his own conjectures as infallible and kretiiable truths, nor endeavoured to give an air $f impom : :e$, by dogmatical vehemence. He ccnld fupport bis more feriows opinions with- out the Yeifatility of a fophiit, the fierceaeis of a difputint, or the impertinence of a buffocr. More than this, he could relinquifh or correct them with the calm and fteady dignity of a Writer, uho, while he yielded fomethmg to the arguments of his antagonifis, was confcious of retaining enough to command their reiper. He had too much diicernn: : found difference of opi- aion with malignity or duilnefs ; and too much candour to infult, where he could not perfuade. Though his fenfibflides were neitber coarfe nor fluggifh, he yet was exempt from thofe fickie "hu- mours, thofe rankling jealoiifies, and that refilefs rdnefs, which men of . jfcir A t) V E"R T .1 S M K. t. are too prone to indulge. He carried Witlihirri into every ftation ia which he was placed, and every fubjeft which he explored, a folid greatnefs of foul ; which cduld fpare Jtn inferior,, chough in the offerifive form of an a*dverfary ; and endure art equal, with, or without, the facred name of Frierftk The importance of commendation/ as well ro-hirri ivho beftbwS, as to nini who claims' it, he eflimated not only with ju'ftice, but with delicacy : and there- fore, he neither wantonly lavilhed it, nor withheld It aufterely. But Inve&ive he neither provoked iior feared , and, as to the fcverhies of contempt, he referved them for occafions, where alone they tould be employed with propriety ; and where, by fcimfelf, they were always employed with cffcft ; for the chaftlfement of arrogant dunces, of cenfo- riaus fciolifts, of intolerant bigots in every fe<5!, and unprincipled impolfors in every profeffion !"* Nor have fuch been the Sentiments of thofe only, who fully coincided with our author in matters of fpecuiation, or in points of do&ririe. The late Mr. Archdeacon BLACK BURNE, fo well known * See Ts Acts ; printed for Charles Dill)-, 178?. 3 for lth treted w*h at eqtai de- gree of re^pe& the laonorf of Dr. Jo* TIM. .He f peaks of him is a. wrxerof ttr, (upcriec abilities ; as a worthy preachfr, a great acd good man; ** one, who was completely (juelised to do jti&ce ft> any (hbjecr. be uJK^ftock to hacdic, aad 19 *iafe rcnainc a k^p-'l of veocxatioa is dyc. w f ' One who bad incomparably tie ait to recoai- *3 hundred tiLLngs 10 o'-ir f^r.o~~L5 iiitni-rr., a coojddect pacKioxical advcntuipk would, puke perfe&ly xidiculous." And, after paying a very liberal tribute of acbaowlrdynrnr to him, as a iftan of irtnaff dodom*, modefir, *1 rTi(fctriir< -^ Wodd to Go^, be concludes, - " I i^- the talents to perpetuate the reft of his excellencies to tbe Jateft pofterity ! ^itt hercfls from bis labours, and bcareth moc the voice of the opprefibr, cor of die pembnt fcoraer. His works iil fudentlj fpeaJc fix* him, while there are any remoant^ ci pietr, learning, aad good-fezujb among the. (bns of r,; and will fbilo -^ofe maaubn^ waere neither envy, malevolebce, cor die dogmati- cal arrogance of ignorant (uperdfious crticifoi wilf mm otBis re"sr2 ADVERTISEMENT. Dumjitga montis aper,fluvios dumpifcis amabit, Ditmque thymo pafcentur apes, dum rare cicada, Semper honos, nomenque tuum, laudefque manebunt V To teflimonies like thefe, at once fo very re- fpectable, and fo ably expreffed, even filial piety can hardly fugged an addition. Their veracity has been felt, and will be acknowledged by the beft judges of literary ability. The heart of the grateful Editor is much flattered by them. He ranks jt among his trueft honours to have this farther occafion of announcing them to the judi- cious Reader, as a 1 aft parting tribute to parental worth. And, while fenfible that by the fubfequent iheets, he is merely prefenting a learned trifle, in comparifon of fome former pieces, from the fame hand, and upon fubjecls of higheft fpiritual con- cern ; the encouragement already given forbids him to doubt of a favourable reception, when thus rcfpcftfully offering what many, perhaps, and very juilly, may confider, but as " the gleaning ?rapes> when the vintage is done." LONDON, i 7 9,> <*? Hiflcrical View of the Csntro'verfy concerning an 7/tv.w- d'.atc ?!at(> &c, Second Edition, p. 268, 289, 296. MISCELLANIES. & In the prefent copy, No. XVII. XVIII. XlX. XX. XXI. are introduced, in addition to the former publications of the Lusus POETICI; as being found amongft the author's papers, and deemed not unworthy of a place amidft their predeceflbrs. LUSUS POETIC I*. I. NUPTIJE BACCHI ET ARIADNES. UIVA quae blandas, Erato, querelas, Bellaque, ct furta, ct lacrimas amantum, Et Dionxis agitata qantas Ped:ora curis, Pollicis docti fugiente pulfu Sufcita vocem citharae tacends, Et repercuiHs fociaDda prome Carmina cho. Diva, quando os purpureum refolvis, Concidunt venri, filuere rauci Fluminum lapfus, placidique rident poati. * Printed by Bowyer, 1748. B 2 4 LUSUS POETIC I. Surge, cantemus, Dea. Carmen efto Candidi conjux Ariadna Bacchi, Quseque details radiant Olympo Aftra corona. Cyclades fparfas ubi Naxos inter Surgit JEgxo redimita ponto, Litore errabat Ariadna, fevo Saucia ludu ; Impius quam vir fideique fallax, Proditatn fomno per opaca nodis Fugerat Thefeus, quatiens redudis Marmora tonfis. Malta turn ventis nimium fecundis, Multa labenti lacrimans carinse, Multaque injufto pelago locuta, Fedora planxit : Non caput mitra, aut ftrophio papillas Vinfta luftantes, teretive gemma. Crebra negledlum affiliens amidum Unda rigabat. Ladeo collum cubito reclinis, Humidos dejeda oculos refedit, Ut tener fios prsetereunte languet Preffus aratro : Cum I. U S U S POETIC I. Cuni repots aures trcpidas tumukus Impulit, 1x6. ftreputne plaufus : Saxa, rcfpoodent, reibnalque reddunt Litora Jamque adeft natus Semche Jorifque, v^ vti luus mffi is rpnicmt xsiocfliis Pampinus crines, hedeneque cucmn - - v. : .'. . _ ;. .. ~. ? . Ilium et auriri quadens afelli Terga Silcnus, Satyrique ovantcs, yj icvcs j? Coila queis angoes Tarii perenant Lubrico lapfu, innocuil que lambunt Pedora linguis. Scridiili : rauca horriibno redamant Cornua afleniu, rcboantqoe pulla At Deus cumi invehitur fupinus Aureo. Frenos modcrans Cupido, Perfidom ndens, agit incitatas . berc tigres ; 3 ; 6 LUSUS POETIC It Qu& fimul fenfere datas habenas, Litus ad declive ruunt. Puella Horruit vifis, geltdoque fugit Sanguis ab ore ; Terque conatam relevare membra, Terque delapfam impatiens amator Mulcet accurrcns, tenerifque circum- pleditur ulnis : Quidque, Minoi, heu nimium fidelis Perfido, dixit, quereris marito ? Saxa cur fxvi refonant rectiffum Nomen amantis ? Parce jam dile&a Deo puella Lucidos fletu temerare ocellos. Parce. pr^fentem fugiente muta Conjuge Bacchum, I lie ego proles Semelje Jovifque, Ille ego seterna nitidus juventa Te peto. lu&um reprime, et ferenos Indue vultus. Nee tuo forma nee honore Thefeo Vincimur : quantum mea dextra poflit, Novit et concufla fero Gigantum Phlcgra tumultu : Novit LtfS US POETIC I. ~ Novit et ficco pofitus fub axe, Quern rota Titan propiore torret, Qua ruit feptemgemico fuperbus Flumiae Qanges. Accipe aetetno tibi nexum amorc, Nefcium flecti, ant alia calerc, Qui tuus, gratamque trahecs cateaam Sen let uni ; Cumque jam formam fupercs Dearum, Quod deeft, annos Dea iempiternos Accipe, et nullam metuat fenectam Gratia vukus. Quaeque jam negleda jacet corona, Quse novem diftinc^a nitet lapillis, Sueta candentem redimire froatem Orbe redufto, Mox novum fidus veniet fereno Additum muado decus, aftra puras Cum faces tollent, fugietque prono Phoebus Oljropo. TefHs hsec noftri tibi iancta amoris, H^c et xterao reditura lapfu Xon meos ignes oriens cader Arguet unquam. B 4 Dixit. LUSUS POETIC I. Dixit. at virgo pariter calentes Scntiens flammas, grcmio rubentem Condidit vultum, appofitaque texit Lutnina palla. Turn Deus furfum jaculans coronam Torfit in caslos. fugit ilia dextram, t volans ardet, fubitofque motu Concipit ignes. Indc nodurno reftdcns Olympo Et memor Bacchi et dominae, puellis Profpicit, fidofque juvat benignum Sidus amantes. II. CASSANDRA VATICINIUM* HECTOR cum patriie mocnia linqueret, Non fpectandarn iterum rerpiciens domum, Vates hrec cecinit plena Deo foror, Diffufam quatiens comam : Quo LUSUS POETIC I. Quo me, Phoebe, rapis ? quod video decus ? Unus tot refuges frater agit duces. U.i: flamma rates, purpureum mare Graio languine ringitur. Eheu quarn rapide gaudia tranfeunt ! Jam cedit Priami verla acies retro ; Et tu, me miferam ! tu quoque concidis Crudeli domirus Dea ; Tu Trojs columen, tu decus et dolor. Felix pro patria qui moreris tua. pelix perpetuum cui pariet decus Carmen Mseonii jfenis. Omnes Fata trahunt ferius ocius : Caligo fubit, et trifle filentium ; Sed vates tenebras difcutit invidas, Virtutemque vetat mori. III. QTALIS per nemorum nigra filentia, Vallefque irriguas, et virides domos Serpit fons placidus murmure languido, Secretum peragens iter; 10 LUSUS POETIC U Flexas per patrios circumagens aquas Paulum ludit agros, et fmuat fugam, Donee praecipiti, jam pede defluus Mifcctut gremio maris ; Talis per tacitam devia femitam jStas diffiigiat, non opibus gravis, Non cxperta fori jurgia turbidi, aut Palmse fanguineum decus : Cumque inflant tenebrx et lux brcvis occidit, Et ludo fatura et feffa laboribus 3omni fr^ter iners membra jacentia Componat gelida manu. IV. Vix triflis dubia luce rubet polus : Circum cunfta filent. Solus ego his vagor Jncerto pede filvis, Et mecuni vigiians Amor. Crndelis fugies Julia ? turbido Credes te pelago ? nos fcra dividens Inter fccviet unda, et Venti fpes rapient rneas ? Sic, LV5US FOETICI. II Sic, me fie poteras hidcre cieduhnn ? Sic promifla caduot ? Ipfe tamen time, et Venn fallere norunt, Nee fenrar pelagus fie V. BALAAMI, Qris pulfat hofpes corda fiiroribus Commota moritis ?*aeftuat, zftuat Mortale peftus, irruenus Ferre Dei grave pondus impar, Concufia pronis verticibus mihi J*ifgsea rupes ammit : annuk Sublimis aether, intremuntque Zipporids peritura regna, Apparet ingens turba patentibcs Piffula campis, quoc Boreas agit Hibemus undas, quot ferena; Nodis equos comitantur alba* O quam 12 LUSUS POETIC I. O quam tremendum, gens nimium Deo Pileda, fulges ! fervat adhuc minas Sic frons leonis, qui recumbens Terribili requiefcit ore. Jam fasvit audax colla minacium Calcare regum. jam domita fedet Tellure vidrix. bella ceffant, Et filuit tremefadus Orbis. En caftra longa planitie fita JLetale rident. En fluitantia Vexilla ludunt, et per auras Tela procul metuenda furgunt. Sic qua pererrat fons taciturn nemus, Nutrita quercus flu mine limpido, Regina filvarum, decoros rigitur fpatiofa ramos. Auditis ? ida? vocibus afperis Valles reclamant. Ecce Deus, Deus Ad arma curfantes ad arma Concitat, et geminat furorem. Cerno fed unde haec peclore languido Luclantur, heu ! lufpiria ? quis dolor Mentein ? quid injuflis repente Sic lacrimis maducre vulcus ? O caufa I.USIFS POETIC I. O caufa Indus ! O patria ! O dies, Soprana quac max advenks mihi ! O fat feTerus, parce tandem, Parce, Parens bominum ac Deorcm . Cur omnia in DOS fptcuia dirigas, Qups umbra iacri tola fupercili Tenet? perimus, fnlminanirm Si qoatias inimkus haftam. Quae iaza, qoae me Eujcibus inviis Cdodent caveraae ? quae teget hoc caput Arnica mpes, dam ferocis Tranfierit fiemitus proceilae ? VL EX P Me tuos inter nmneore, Paftor Samme, dignaris, qoibos ipfe Toga r_. -..v. .. 14 LUSUSPOEflCl* Pafcimur campis, ubi lene ridet Florido Natura decora cultu, Fonfque vitales faiiente rivo Snfficit hauflus. Ponarin regno glacialis Urfe, Nubibus trifles humeros amicta Qua filet Nox, pcrpetuiique durant Arva pruinis : Lxtus et fidens, duce te, vagabor. Bruma te donis cumulare difcet Non fuis ; te Nox venerata furvas Contrahet alas. VII. AD TEMPUS, O QJJI feverus fake adamantina Matura fato deftruis, et gravi Frangis ruina qnicquid axe Prietereas^ Deus, incitato, Tu, L V S U S P O E T I C I. If Tu, fede celfus, dum revolubilem Torques laborem, dura Neceflhas Auriga in zeteraos recurfus Flecbit equos volucremque currum : Obfcura casco Secla filentio, Diefque plumis veriicolorihus, Anr.ique, volventefque Menfes Fulmineum comitantur axem : Tecum alta Virtus laurigeram fedet Decora frontem, et filia Veritas, Cui vultus immortale fulgens Purpureo radiatur igni : Injuriofa ne citus orbita Vertas columnam, quam tenuis labor Struxit CamcensB. parce curru, Parce gravi metuende tclo. t tu fuperbo vertice flammeas Surgens in arces, milk fonantibus Accinfta pennis, c: Pone volans rapidos jugaies, Due, Fama, puri per fpatia actheris, Due me infulenti tramite, nobilem Teatare inacceflbs ; Invidix pedibus receiV. .-. > l6 LUSUS POETIC I. Surgo, vetuflis pervia vatibus Calcatur ardens femita, qua LYRA, Audita filvis montibufque, Igne trerait fimulante chordas. Hoc, Diva, noftrum barbiton ocius Sufpende coeio. Luceat omnibus, Sedefque complexum fecundas Emeritis requiefcat aftris. Quid mente vanus concipis zethera ? Quo vota fundis qnidlibet impotcns Sperare? pro fallax voluptas! Heu line Diis animofe vates ! Te furda praeterlabitur orbita. Avertit alas Fama. Supervenit Nox atra caligante vultu, et Nube fedens taciturnus Horror. Sic fiexuofi margine fluminis Cycnus recumbit carmina dividens : Mox Fata, nil mollita cantu,- Ora premunt liquidamque vocem. VIII. LUSU8 POETIC I. 17 VIII. AD VENTOS. ANTE A. D. MDCCXXVII. VAT is Threicii nunc citharam velim, Vocifque illecebras Wanda furentibus Dantis jura procellis, Mulcentis pelagi mmas. Venn tarn rapido turbine conciti. Qua vos cumque vagus dctulerit furor, Clams vela Britannas Tranfite innocui, precor. Ultores fcelerum claffis habet deos, jbem baud timidam pro patria raori. En ut lintea circum Virtus excubias agit. Et nobis faciles parcite, et hoftibus. Concurrant pariter cum ratibus rates : Spe<ftent Numina ponti, et Palmam qui meruit, ferat. C IX. l8 LUSUS POETIC I. IX. INSULA BEATORUM, EX PINDARI OLYMP. II. IGNOTA noftris fideribus jacet Sedes, beato quse recipit fmu Sandtofque vates, quique lani Pro patria oppetiere mortem ; Quam vafta Nereus brachia porrigens Immenfus ambit fluftibns inviis, Terrafque mortalcfque gentes Horrifonis procul arcet unclis. Vcrnus pererrat prata Favonius, Leni fufurro per tremulum nemus Spirans, odoratofque pennis Difcutit irriguis liquores. Surgunt per agros undique rofcidos Flores, amidi mille coloribus, Solique gemmas explicantes Dulce nitent radiante vultu : Aut L V S U S FOE T I C I, 19 Aut penduli ex arboribus facris Blande reclinant aureolum caput, Aut confici vernante ripa Stagna colunt gelidofque fontes. His gens dolonim nefcia, vividum Nedens lacertis et capiti decus, Incedit immortale fulgens, Perpetua viridis juventa. X. AXACKEOKTIS CASJf. XI. LASCIV. mlhi recinunt puella?, Urgeris fenio, miielle vates. Attolle hoc fpeculum tremente dextra. Mutatumne vides Anacreonta ? Cani temporibus nkent. Comarum Frontem deferuit decorus ordo. Urgeris fenio, mifelle vates. NEC novi, neque nofle vel doceri An defint, volo, manferintve crines. Hoc novi bene ; nulla concitatx Pars debet minima interire virz. Mox tantum exiguus cinis jacebo, Oblitus citharam, jocos, amores. C 2 20 LUSUS POETIC I Ergo continuas agam choreas Mixtus candidulis fenex puellis. Fufi Tub tacica bibamus umbra. Ornent purpurese caput corollse. Ludamus. Hodie libet, licetque. Multam Fata brevi dabunt quietem. XL ANACREONTIS CARM. III. TEMP us crat quo blanda quies mortalibus zegris Incubat, et mulcet pectora feffa fopor, Frigida quum tardi vertuntur plauftra Bootae, Et bigas medio Nox agit atra polo. Conftitit ante fores, atque oftia claufa Cupido Impulit audaci terque quaterque manu. Quis placidos, clamo, pergit mihi rumpere fomnos ? Ne metuas, aperi, fum puer, inquit Amor. Solve fores ; erro per opaca filentia nodis, Verberat et lasfas nixque notufque genas. Quem non ilia Dei potuiffent verba movere ? Excutio, accenfa lampade, pofte feram. Afpicio puerum pharetranaque arcufque gerentem ; Concufia aligeris tela fonant humeris. 8 Frigore LUSUS POETIC I. 21 Frigore pallentem miferor totumque rigentem, Et ftatuo medium fedulus ante focum. Oifcciofa manus refovet digitofque finufque, Et multo madidas exprimit iinbre comas. Hie tremor poftquam candentia membra reliquit, Et rediit tenerse vifque calorque mahu, Experiamur, ait, chordam an mihi laeferit imber, Utilis an tractum poffit, ut ante, fequi. Protinus adducto coierunt cornua nervo, Perque meum pedus pulfa fagitta venit, Exfiliit, plaufitque manus crudele renidens, Laetaque dimovit talibus ora fonis ; Gaude mecum, hofpes : falvi mihi nervus et arcus; Hoc te, ni fallor, faucia corda decent. xn. EX ANTHOLOGIA. Mi TTO tibi base, Rodoclea, virenda ferta virenti: Texuit haec folo dodta ab Amore manus, Narciffumque rofamque legens, mollemque ane- monem, et Candida ccemleis lilia ciim violis. Indue et hsc, et mitem animum: florem efle memento, Pulcrior his qui fit, forfitan et brevior. C 3 XIII. LVSVS POETIC i. XIII. PERSEUS. E X SIMON IDE. NOCTE fub obfcura, verrentibus aequora vends, Quum brevis immenfa cymba nataret aqua, Multa gemens Daaae fubjecit brachia nato, Et tenerae lacrimis immaduere genze. Tu tamen ut dulci, dixit, pulcfhcrrime, fomno Obrutus, et metuens triitia nulla, jaces! Quamvis, hen quales cunas tibi concutit unda, Prsebet et incertam pallida Luna facem, Et vehemens flavos everberat aura capillos, Et prope, fubfultans, irrigat ora liquor. Nate, meam fentis vocem ? Nil cernis et audis, Teque premunt placidi vincula blanda dci , Nee mihi purpureis effundis blcefa labellis Murtnura, nee notos confugis ufque hnus. Care, quiefce, puer, fevique quiefcite iluclus, Et mea qui pulfas corda, quiefce, dolor. Crefce, puer ; matris leni atque ulcifcere ludus, Tuque tuos ialtem protege, fumme Tonans. L U 5 L 5 P O E T I C I. 23 XIV. AM TOTI MORIMUft, KULLAOJTE PAES MANET NOSTil ? TENZ, Anima infelix, durae incleracnria Mortis . Exfpe&at, gelidique aetema filentia Somni ? Fmftra coelcftes aditus, fruftraque penates Sufpicis immenfos, et concipis sethera votis, Si lex dura negar, fi ferrea Fata repugnant. Primum ergo te colluftra, teque cxcute tocam ; Forfitan btrorfum latitans educcre verum, Et reperire queas quse fis, atque unde creata. Aut tu materies, aut tu fubftamia fimplcx, Aut quaedam harmonia es junftis ex partibus orta, Quam gignunt ordo, motus, pofitura, figura. Quod fi materia es, tibi funt Elementa parentcs, Inde genus ducens, illuc poft fata redibis. Si fola harmonia es, torpor cum languidus inftat, fque calor pallentes deferit amis, Offufeque oculis nubes, et murmure trifti Spiritus incertas exit tenuatus in auras, Occidis, et non es cura revocabilis ulla. a, fi fdndos nen*o(que ipfamque minutim. Nil quamvis prorfus pereat, lyra definit effe, Suavia nee refponfa dabit, fi Delius ipfe Admoveatque manum, geminafque exerceat artes. C4 .Si 24 LUSUS POETIC I. Si vero fimplex mavis fubftantia dici, Omnia forte potes durando vincere fecla ; Eveniatque utinam. tamen heu ! tamen anxia mentem Sufpicio quatit, et dnbitandi gignitur zeftus. Nam qui, quxfo, potefl fentire, vigere, moveri, Quod ncc habet brmam,quod ncc fpatium occupat ullum ? Pr<eterea, uncle tibi tali cum corpore difpar Conjugium ? citius mifcebitur acthere tellus, Scrpentes avibus jungentur, pifcibus agni. Deinde, tibi fumm.i dies ntidavit tegmine demto, Nulla tibi fenfus datur exercere poteftas ; Et quid turn prsclufa juvat te janua Leti, Si love nefcio quid, prorfufque intadtilc refhas, Tenuius ct ventis, ct vrmefcentibus nmbris, Nee melius fpatio infolido, quod Inane vocamus ? Hei mihi ! lege rata, Sol occidit atque refurgit, Lunaque mutatre reparat difpendia formze, Aftraque, purpurei telis extinda Diei, Rurfus, node, vigent : humiles telluris alumni, Graminis herba virens, et florum picla propago, Quos crudelis Hiems letali tabe peredit, CumZephyri vox blanda vocat, rediitque fereni Temperics anni, fcecundo e cefpite furgunt. Nos domini rerum, nos magna ct pulchra minati, Cum breve vcr vitie, robuftaque tranfiit aftas, Deficimus, I. US US POETIC I. 25 Defidmus, nee has ordo revohjbHis aunts Recdit in asdseiias, tnmuli nee clauRra rdblrit. Sed tamen iHa, quiss nuHis obnoxk curis : N : ~ i-.ic Mc:_ "., ;~. _. _ _ r. . .~. . -: . . - ~ ^ ?, t Dolor, et Metes, et numquam fa tiara Cupido, Et Furor, et fliidum quatiens Difcordk ferrum, Non maHhida Fames, et Egefias obfica peaais, Non Odium, et (emper Virturi Uvor iniquus, Non Doles, et falfo Mendack perfida vultu. Nox urget, pladdiique Sopor (uperincubat afis. Diice ergQ, tnmquula, pati, qua? Dasdala rauut Impofuk Natma, et ineta^abile Fatnm. Omnes una pcenut SOTS, omnibus iniiiiict una. QpaDcunque orbis habet, cacito labentia motn, Haurk hians avidamquc Chaos demergk in alrum. jllc ftmfn mmi^tDitt ij^cijdns om iuftntt 1 fi3fTf^*^j. Communes patkur morbos ; volrendbus aanis, Vix agd effirtos, fenio gcavis ipfe, jogaks; Longa dies nhidos tingit ferrugiae vultus, Seque fuii tandem conlumcnr fidera flammis. At tu multa moves, multumque, infana, laboras. Scilicet nt fiabiks rerum tramcendere metas Sic poffis, vidrixque virum volitarc per on. Heu^pesfdlacesnominum! quamincercabrevUquc Poft mortem vita eft, vanac et vox garmla Famac ! Sunt et nominibus, (tint et fua ha fepokhris. 26 LUSUS POETIC I. Mufa diu fefe et Virtus longzeva tuentur; His etiam fenun induccnt Oblivia velum. Decipimur fpecie recYi ; fie devia pafiu Mens labat incerto, fie nos temerarius Error Ludit, et incautos mcndaci lumine ducit. Tu Temper fulges, divina? particula aure ; Igneus ille tuus vigor et coeleftis origo Deformem Lcti faciem, tenebralque filentes Ridet, et zeternie fpondet tibi fiecula vita?. Inde tibi auguriumque et fpes praefaga futuri; Indc boni rcctique amor, et reverentia Cceli, Ingeniumque rapax, fubitum, verfatile, vaftum, Dilcurrens ultra flammantia mocnia mundi, Omnia comple5tens, perque omnia fsccula vadens. Quicquid es, es certe fimplex duntaxat, et una, Colledla in tete, atque interno pradita motu. Non habet has dotes ignobile pondus inertis Materiae, conftans ex partibus infinitis. Aut tu tuta manes, vivifque invidla per aevum; Aut mundum Cafus Fortunaque caeca creavit, Quo nihil a vera magis ell ratione remotum. Afpicc trrrarum tracltis, et fidera cccli, Florcntefqne agros, immenfifque sequoris undas: J-Ios tibi tcrrarum tradlus Natura creavit, Has tibi luccntes fufpcndk in aethere flammas, Et fiuvios duxit, campofque extendit aquarum, Prataque purpureis pinxit viridantia gemmis. Poftquam L us us POETIC i. 27 Poftquam difcuffis fulfit lux prima tenebris, Ei fibi commiflbs jacxit Sol impiger axes, Aiiraque fixa polo, Lunxque argenteus orbis, Node, fuas habuere vices, iba regna, filenti, Errantefijue novas ftellae duxere choreas, Terraque fonnofum ridens, et flabilis aer, Et pontus, naviiqoe iuos ccperc colonos, Felices, betofque, etfi nitionis egentes, Magnus reram Opifex mundi primordia circum- Afpexk, placido coUaodans omnia vultu. Tune open finem imponens, e peftore fudk Foecundas voces, Animamqoe exiftere juffic. Juflerat, et (ubico tu, praeftanriffima renim, Ante Deum flabas ; cui fie Pater ore fereno : Dakis progenies, sternse Mentis imago, 1, pete terreftres oras, ribi credita regna, Fonnofumque habita corpus, fonnofior hofpes. Quae fie origo tibi, qua fis reditura, memento. Nil in te MOTS juris habet, ricbicia quamvis Anna fonent dextra, quaravb augufta triumphis Incedat, vultuque et cufpide terreat orbein. Sperne mutas Fan, Nodilque inamabile regnunv. Annuit Omnipotens. Sparfi per inane profundum Intremuere orbes, et inhomiit ultimus aether. Ergo c" 01 fragiles artus et vincla refolvit Mora's arnica manus, Mens ilicet ignea fuiium Exfilit, et patriae quaerit regionis honores. Exik aka petens, morJique per aera pennis, Ccelum 28 LUSUS POETIC I. Ccelum adit, et lasto circumdata luminc, gandet Divorumque domos, facrafque revifere fedes, Quas neqne contriftant imbres, nee fulmina vexant, Nee frigus penetrat, nee Sirius ardor adurit, Ncc venti audaces violant, ncc nubila velant. Illic caftus Amor mil! is infefta venenis Spargere tela folet: Puero Concordia dulcis, InnocujEque Voluptates, et Gaudia pura Accedunt comites, quales non fplendida vatum Somnia finxerunt, non JStas aurea vidit. At fi tetra lues vitiorum ftigmate denfo Turpavitque Animam, et fevi vis noxia morbi Remigium alarum infregir, pennafque revulfit, Non datur in fuperas rurfum confcendere fedes : Sed ruit in pneceps; raptam vertigine cseca Turbo ferox procul ignotas propellit in oras, Multa timens ubi, muka gemens, per Tsecula longa Exful, inops, errat, variis exercita poenis. O Anima, immortale vigens, cognataque ccelo, Jufta iequi, pravoque fciens fecernere rectum, Tene tui oblitam foedis fuccumbere monftris? Te flolido obcascat vefana Superbia faftu ; Segnitics te lenta premit , te blanda Voluptas Impuro tenet amplexu; te pallida cnris Torqnet Avaritia, et ftimulos fub pedore verfat. Excute tot turpes dominos, tuaque aflerc jura. Ut leo captivus, quem blandimenta rninasque Ire LBSVS POETIC I. 29 Ire Tub imperium indigni docuere magiilri, Si femel effracbs fubtraxit colia catenis, Liber axnat filvas, nefcitque ad vincla reverti. Carpe viam, abrupto qua tendit in aidua tra&u Semka Vhmtis. Vidcn' ut te Gloria fronrem Lauro cincta vocet, facrofque oftendat booorcs, Et Pater ipfe alto Ipedans hortetur CMympo? Miibus iadigenis pollens, furge, exfere Tires, Quas dbi larga manu tribuit Natura becigna* Afpice nativo fu^entem lumine gemmam: Concolor ilia diu matrique fimillimA teme, Obfcuras abfcondit opes ingloria, donee Pafla TT>aniim artificcm, curaque polita fidriij Eiuk ingratos vultus, atque ore fuperbo Milk &ces vibrat, vario fplecdore corufcans. XV. TERJLA MOVETUR CIRCITM SOLEM- I per aetherias Tellus revolubUis oras, Fixo Sole, mat, nulloque errore pric: Evolvat curies, nocumque recoUigar orbem, Pandere feit animus, cainafque aperire lateates. Lucifero foiitus curru dare jura diei e; 30 LUSUS POETIC IV Infauftis cedens precibus Phaethontis, habenas Tradiderat puero, et fatales frontis honores. Hunc genitor Divorum ignarum artifque viaeque, Errantemque polo, et fpargentem incendia faeva Perculit, iratos jaculatus nubibus ignes. At pater extinctum crudeli funcre natutn Flebat ad Eridani ripas, gemitufque ciebat, Quern circum Deus ipfe loci, centum que Sorores Vana ferunt Nymphs ingentis folatia Indus Optanti anernos leto finire dolores. Odit equos, odit cingentes tcmpora flammas, Officiumque negat mundo, currufque recufat; Multaque conqueftus; non fie tamen, hei mihi ! natc, Occideris. Surges sterna fronde decorus, Unde fibi facri velabunt tempora vates, Nee metues iras inimicaque tela Tonantis r Jamque dies aderit, tibi cum pulcherrima virgo Addet fe fociam, folioque virefcet eodem. Dixerat, et corpus perfufum ne&are crefcit Non pofitura comas, et tuta a fulmine Lauras.. Jupiter, obfcuro quum coelum horrore lateret, Nee quifquam acciperet vacuas rectoris habenas, Ingemuit, nimiofque ignis jam pafla furores Noluit aterna damnari fscula nodle. Ergo globum ingentem fingit, radiifque ferenat, Et circumfufo candentem lumine veftit. Hunc medium juffit fixum immotumque mancrc; Terram autem infolito difcentem currerc motu Solis LUSUS POETIC I. 31 Solis obire vices , et eodera in tramite volvi. Ilia emifla Dei dextra volat sethere vafto, Pulfa, minata fugam ; fed vi majore retenta Imperium agnofcit Solis, trahiturque, trahirqiic. Scilicet has leges et mutua foedera Divum Impofuit genitor. Maneant in fecula longa, Nee peritura mat tellus per inane profundum. Ex illo codi convexa reliqiiit Apollo, j^Etheriafque domos, patrii monumenta doloris. Florentes habitat campos, filvafque, pererrans Pindum et fluminibus facris refonantia Tempe : Qua tremula admoto percurrens pollice fila Temperat, et failit divino carmine curas. Inde pios audit vates, mentemque capacem Addit, & ingenri Mufarum inccndit amore. XVI. AD GEORGIUM u. A. D. MDCCXXVII. PRINCIPIBUS proavis, et fanguine r.obilis alto, Ipfe tuae gentis fummuin decus, indite GEORGI, Aggredere, O magnos, dignum te pondus, honores^ Vota inter, fpes et populorum, et gaiidia fefla. Tc 32 LUSUS POETIC I. Te videt, et procul ire graves jubet Anglia luctusj Te duce, profpeclat vel non ingloria pacis Otia, vel judo quzefitos Marte triumphos. Te' circum adfufaj, Virtutum Candida turba, Coeleftes forma? exfultant. Scat Gloria cuftos Invidiam augufti vultus fplendore repellens. I, dilecle Heros, pulchrifque laboribus infta : Regna vocant, vocat et regnis gravis addita cura ; Magna tamen merces. Tibi prsefcia Mufa futuri Fatorum pandit decreta, urgetque volentem, Grande decus fpondens, et ituriim in fscula nomen. Ilia ctiam viridi fecum tibi Tola Tub antro Serta legens fcdet, et cindturas tempora lauros. ^Etherios fupra tradlus, ubi Candida denfis Sideribus placido Via JLactea lumine ridet, Scat domus alta, ingens, aeternje regia Famx. Semidet Heroes habitant, et nomina facra, Quique olim in ferruni pro libertate ruebant, Splendidaque ob patriam pugnando vulnera pafli, Et mul turn fleti reges, q\ii cequiffimasblandi Jura dedere fuis, quique impia bella moventeis Fregenmt populos, metuendi ultricibus armis. Lux veftit complexa viros, lauroque virenti Atque intertexta velantur. tempora quercu. Fatorum hie caslata manu ilant ordine longo Qvi^e vidit prior aut a?tas vcntura videbit, Qujecunque : p o z T i c ii 53 :nqce oftendunt labentia fsecula terns, Digna Dese tefflplo, et laudes habitura pcrer.r.:-?, GEORGITS has fedes mortal ia fceptra relinquens Afcendit, Divofque petit, gratifSmus hofpes* I, fequere, et lege, Mafa, tui vedigia regis, Qua lux fignat iter, qua femita clara refulget, Flammarumqiie vides longos albefcere tradus. ;: Heroes, quos Anglica terra triumphis Nota tuKt, Gallo refperS fangulne lauros EDWARDI, belloque et pace illuftris ELIZA, Cuique dedit meritum fervata Britannia fceptrum, Occurrunt venienti, et facra in fede reponunt. Circum fculpta videt laudum monumenta fuarum ; Cacfareamque aciem, et primis fe cernit in armis Fulgentem, et refugo pallentes agmine Turcas : Turn Britonum domito labentes aequore clafles, Quaque ruens pontus Calpzam verberat oram, Quaque fub imperio gelidae jacet horridus Urfae. :rna lucenti furgeas adamaate columna Nad fada refert, doctoque indfa labore Eventus magnos geric, et felicia regna. Hue avidus mentemque pater et lumina vertit. Aflertum pelagi imperium, clarofque triumphos, Argumentum ingens, luflrat, Tarnefiflque fuperbum Gratantem reduces blando cum murmure clafles. videt ut leges idem jufliffimus auctor Condis et obfervas : blandum Pax aurea vultum D Erigit, 34 LUSUS POETIC Erigit, adfurgunt Artes, dominamque falutant. Audax interea pelagoque adfueta juventus Extra foils iter pofitas adit hofpita gentes, Et mutat merces, et mutua fcedera jungit. Ipfe minas ponit, placidufque arridet alumnls Oceanus pater, et dextra propellit euntes. Hasc videt, et fruitur venture lastus honore, Explerique nequit Pater, atque ingentia nati Confert a<5ta fuis ; confert, cedenfque fuperbh, Te minor, et grato gaudet certamine vinci. XVIL B.EVERENDISSIMO AMICO THOM/E HAYTERO, EPISCOPO NORVICENSI. COLL is O Heliconii Cukor, qui facili manu Pulfas, fed nimis infrequens, Lyra fila loquacia, Nunc Prseful, mihi plurimls Retro L u s u s POETIC r. 35 Retro cognitc folibus, Blande et comiter accipe Munus, exiguum licet, Quod profert fubitus calor. Qualis, et nive deflua Audus, et pluvio Jos*e, Amnis agmine concito Ripae volvitur immemor j Qualis aerios fecans Tractus, antevolat Notos Sagitta; arcus adhuc tremit, Hasc dudum tetigit fcopura ; Tails me rapit impetus Audax, impatiens moras. At vos, Mercurialium Cuftodes hominum Deii Et vos, dulcia Numina, QUSE juvat cithane fonus, Vultus, omine cum bono, Hue advertite candidos. Kon te Mufa procax rogat Ut foil fibi fervias ; Quicquid et Pietas jubet, Et fandi Omcii labor, Et dulcis PatrizE falus, Lubenter tibi ceflerit ; f pfam fed patere interim Horis te vacuis frui. D2 LtiSUS POETIC Mufa nos fuper sethera Quadrigis volitantibus Laetos transferee ad locos, Et vireta recondita Effulgent ubi nobilis Scriptorum veterum chorus, Queis Judaea fuperbiit Dileftis penitus Deo ; Et quos Graecia, fertilis Mater artium et in gen i ; Et quos Roma potens tulit, Quum Parcae aurea Yaecula Nerent, Czefare fub bono ; Et quos magnanimus Leo Fovit, Italia decus ; Et quos noftra Britannia, Romse et Helladis a^mula, Et quos Gallia nutriit, Cultis Gallia moribus ; Et, quos dicere li velim Dicentem fugiet dies. Hos inter, flrepitu procul, Vana fpe procul, et metu, Curas fallere fi datur, Nil ultra cupio, aut peto : Nam magni Patris hadtenus Nunquam claufa benignitas Fmgi quod fads eft viro, Et, LUSUS POETIC i. 37 Et, fervo quod inutili Ultra quam fatis eft, dedit. SufHcit mihi, fi modo Me pulcrarum amor artium, Et, quamquam tennis, labor Secernent nebulonibus, Detraftoribus, invidis, Quos obfcura filemia Nod:e, fie meritos, prement. Ergo abfint querimoniae : Dum ftulti querimur, dies Protrudit fubiens diem, et Vita przecipitans volat. Et meus Genius mihi Nuper ad caput adftitit ; Nee te, inquit, fenium gravat, Nee dum triftis hyems adefl, Etfi ver breve fervidis Olim praeteriit rods ; Sed, mortalibus haud licet Luci fidere craftinae ; Quare, farcinulas, age, Collige, ut levis exeas, Quum fignum dederit PATER. D 3 XVHI. tUSUS POETIC I. XVIII. REMARK AT THE END OF THE FIRST BOOK OF ECCLESIASTICAL HISTORY. " The Bifhop of Bangor [ Dr. Z. Pearce ], and Mr. " Warburton, have been willing to appear as my 41 friends and my coadjutors in this work." * IBIT ethoc noftri per fascula foedus amoris, Dodlorumque inter nomina nomen ero : Forfan et extiruftum non fpernet Patria dulcis, Forfitan et dicet, " Tu quoque nofter eras." Talibus inferiis placabilis umbra quiefcet ; Lcnibunt Manes talia dona meos. Interea labor ipfe levat faftidia vitje : jEterno redtum Tub duce pergat iter ! Scriptores fandii, ialvete, et cana Vetuftas ; Salve, Mufa, nimis bland a tenaxque comes : Tu puero teneris penitus dilcdla fub annis ; Tune etiam emerito cura fiitura viro ? Ne tamen sternum, mcefta atque irata, recede, Sed raro, fed vix fsepe rogata, veni. HJEC, Fortuna, tuis non funt obnoxia regnis, Livorin hsec potent juris habere nihil. * See the fecond edition of Remarks on Ecclefiailical Hiftory, publiflied 1767. Vol.1, page 249. XIX. I. U S U S POETIC I. 39 XIX. PITAPHIUM FELIS-* - A annis, morboqae grari, miriffima Fclis, Infernos tandem cpgpr adire lacus : Et mihi fubridcns Proferpina dixit, * Habeto " Elyfios foles, Elyfiumque nemos." Sed > bene fi cnemi. far^H* Reffina Silentfim, Da mihi (akem uni node icdiie domum; Nocteredire doraum,dominoq; haec dicere inaurem, Te tua fida. etiam trans Styga Felis amat." pecdBt Fdis Anno u DCC LVI. Vok aimos xiv. mcnfcs n. ifiesir. XX. M STEPHA LZS::. CANDIDA fimplicicas, generofi pedoris index, . Et bene moratus reliigioais amor ; Ingenium follers, cui pubkca commoda cune ; Anxilhim miferis ferre parata man us; HSB tibi erant dotes : teftes, Plcbs, Aula, (enatus, EC quae vox populi, vox fuh ipfa Dei. See. D 4 XXI, 40 LUSUS POETIC I. XXI. INSCRIPTION FOR TH1 FOUNDATION STONE OF THE NEW BUILDIKG AT CAMBRIDGE ; Prawn up (but not prefented) by a perfon who had a member of that univerfity. OBSCURITATI et utilitati facrum, Quadrature, hlc faxum conditur, Fundamentum ilabile ac fidele ^Edificii, utinam! fempiterni. Difcant hinc, probi et eruditi, Quamvis inter infimos latitantes, Sort,e fua contend vivere, Deoque ac Pat r is? conftanter infervirc;-. Et malic PRODESSE QJT.AM CONSPICI. Anno falutis, cc. Aufpiciis, &c. &c. XXII. AN HYMN TO H A R M O N'Y, IN THE MANNER OF SPENSER. QUEEN of f \veet numbers and refiftlefs found, Which can the foul with pleating force enthrall, And hold the thoughts in deep attention bound 3 And bid th* obedient paffions rife and fall ; All-pow'rfql HARMON Y ! on thee I call : From dark oblivion I thy deeds would raife; O tune my lyre, and help my feeble lays ! 3 EUSUS POETIC:. 41 As yet this world no being- place had found; Wild chaos ruTd, and fable-retted night, WhiUl jarring atoms, through the vaft profound Br chance and difcord led to doubtful fight, Strove with tumultuous rage and refllefs might ; Till Harmony and Love compos 'd the ay, i chas'd the {hades of ancient night away. i^ove, whofe approach the darknefs dares not bide, Shot from his (lorry eyes ten thoufaad rays : She to the chords her fofteft touch apply'd, Then louder 'gan the fwelling notes to raife, And fung fair Peace, and beauteous Order's praife. Her voice fweet founded thro* the boundlefs deep, .d all was calm, and all did filence keep. The lifr/ning atoms ftraight forgot then* hate, And pleas'd, yet wond'ring at their change, they ftood; Strange force of founds, fuch fury to abate ! Then each with fond embrace the other woo'd, each eternal peace and union vow'd. Love bound them, nothing loath, ia lalting chains, And o'er them all, his willing fubjeds, reigns. Then 42 LUSUS POETIC I, Then yon bright orb began to roll afkance, His courfe effaying through th' ecliptic way ; And wand'ring ftars to move in myftic dance, And fkies their azure volumes to difplay : Then 'gan the earth to fmile in fair array, And new-born man, with wonder and delight, Gaz'd all around him on the beauteous fight. This work performed, the goddefs took her flight, Winging the wide-expanded fields of air, To her own native place, the realms of light, Where dwell the gods, devoid of grief and care. Around her golden throne they all repair ; Enwrapp'd in filent tranfport, while me fings Sweet lays, refponfive to the trembling firings. Yet thence, though rarely, the celeflial gueft Deigns to defcend, unfeen of mortal eyn, And gently glides into the poet's bread : She comes ; and lo ! he feels the pow'r divine ; New images begin to rife and mine, Keeping due meafure, moving hand in hand, And fober judgment leads the fprightly band. Such LUSUS POETIC I. 43 Such was Calliope's unhappy (on, Whofe tuneful harp could foothe the favage kind, And bid defccnding ftreams forget to run. Poor youth ! no charms in mufic could he find, His bride twice loii, to cafe his love-lick mind, When hid beneath the hoary cliffs he lay On Strymon's banks, and moum'd his life away. Such was the ey clefs Greek, great (acred name! Who fhatcb'd the fon of Thetis from the grave ; And hung his arms high in the houfe of fame, Victorious ftifl, Time's envious pow'r to brave, While funs arile and feek the weftem wave. Such he, who in Sicilians flow'ry plains Tun'd to the oaten reed his doric (bains. And he, who rung the frantic rule of chance, Leaving no room for wiklom and for choice, And buik the world with atoms drove aiancc, Theme ah* unworthy of a fkilful voice : And Mantua's (wan, whofe dearer notes rejoice Th* enraviuYd ear ; fb graceful he relates Flocks, fields, and fwains, and fierce contend- i.-g A-:.:, 44 LUSUS POETIC i. And, like the Greek in fate and in renown, Britannia's poet, born in latter days, Whofe brow new wreaths and flow'rs celeftial crown ; Who fung man's haplefs fall, and angels* frays ; And, bold to venture through untrodden ways, Explor'd the fecrets of the frowning night, And foar'd above the ftars with daring flight. Nor fhall my partial fong leave Thee unfaid, Worthy to mix with this harmonious band, Thee, gentle Spenfer, whom the mufes led Through fancy's painted realms and fairy land. Where vice and virtue all embody'd ftand, Where ufeful truths in fair difguife appear, And more is underftood than meets the ear. * Come, condefcending goddefs, and impart A mild afliftance to an aking breaft : Exert the force of thy propitious art; If thou be prefent, who can be diftreft ? Pain feems to fmile, and forrow is at reft ; The thoughts in mad diforder ceafe to roll, And flill ferenity o'erfpreads the foul. * See our Author's Remarks on Spenfer > inferted in this colleftion. By L U S U S POBTICI. 4 By thee die youth encourag'd nooght to fear, *Sddgnuig ignoble cafe and mean repofe, Meets the fwift fury of the threat'ciag (pear, And follows glory thnrogh an hoft of foes. Nor canft thou not the din of arms compofs : Thoa niikTi the God of war forfake the fidcf* And drop his lance, and lay afide his fixield. Thou kaow ? &, in pieafing, how to wound the ~ - : . Surpris'd, unguarded, and to love betray'd : Alas! why art thou to that irape fo kind* That powerful impe, in heaven and earth obey'd ? His ihafb finke deep, and want no other aid: Deep firikc his ihafb, unerring in their aim, And his torch burns with uocxtinguiuYd flame* Thefe are thy triumphs, goddefs, this thy migbt, Faintly defcrib'd in far unequal lays. Me, all unmeet, fond hopes did full incite, Ambitious by thy name my verfe to raile, And find thy favour, whu*ft I fung thy praiie. O fmile on theie endeavours, hea*nly maid ! Sweet is the toil, if with thy (mile repaid. 46 Lt/sus pbETicf. XXIII. TH' ambitious mufc with early-daring flight Spurn 'd the dull neft, and ventur'd into light ; Yet even then, not fondly indifcreet, She burnt a volume where me fpar'd a meet ; Dwelt with the authors of the golden age, And ftole fome beauties from the clafTic page ; In modern verfe would willingly have fllOne, And read POPE'S poems, and deftroy'd her owri; Suffered no peevifh lines to fee the day ; (Spleen oft cdmpos'd what candour threw away ;) Nor wrong'd herfelf, nor wrong'd another's name, Too proud to fawn, too honeft to defame; Remote, and melter'd, in the paths me chofe, From foolifli friends and formidable foes, XXIV. us POETIC i. 47 XXIV. INSCRIPTION- is FRAG:: D. M. TE. SVB. TENERA. UVFVLAVMT. PAETA. IVYEXTA, O. VTDiAM. ME. CRY DELIA. FATA. V<K VT. LIKQVAM. TRRAS. IKVISAQTE. LVMCiA. SOUS. VTQVE. TWS. RVRSVM. CORPORE. SOI. POSITO. TV. CAVE. LETHAiO. CON TIN CV AS. OKA. LICQ'OZE. ET. C:TD vzv . -\TU. sis. MEIIOR. ORO, vnu. TE. SEQVAR. OBSCVRVM. PER. ITER. DVX. ffilT. EVNTfc FIDVS. AMOR. TENEBRAS. LAMPADE. DISCVTIEKS. PETRI BURMANWI Notar, ex Anthologia Vcteriim Larinorum Epigrainmatum et Poctarum. Am- flelsedami. MDCCLXXIII. VoL II. p. 138. Epigram. CLXXXVII. " Epigramma hoc, canqoam Vetus Tofcnptio, led prxnxis poft literas D. M. lacunaram nods, 48 LUSUS POETIC r, indicantibus, ni fallor, defiderari profaicani in- fcriptionem, qua* metricis Epitaphiis prsemitti folet in Lapidibus, -Erudhorum examini propofi- tuni fuic ab Anglis, in MISCELL. OBSERV. Vol. II. Tom. III. p. 403. edit. Lat. Amft. e quibus repetiturri eft ab andnymo Britanno, in Metricar. Infcript. Dele fin. P. 16. N. 19. qui conditijfimi'.ni vocat Carmen. Sed ultimo difticho edidit, Te fequor obfcurum per iter : Comes ibit euntl Fidits Amor. Alterum praetuli* Ver. 4* Corpore fim pojito: Ut in Infcriptione JDoniana, Cl. XII. N. 27. SI QUIS POST DUO CORPORA POSITA HANC ARAM APERUERIT AUT EXASCIAVERITj &C. a Pofitum corpus etiam apud Virg. ^En. II. 644. Sic OJtc pefitum adfati dificdite corpus. Et Lib, XI. 30. Corpus ubi exaniml pofitum Pallantis Accctei Servabat Senior. Lucret. III. 884* Poft mortem fore, ut attt ptttrefcat corpore pojlo b . * Qflze de verbo exafciare fequuntur pnidens omifi : Nihil enini ad noftram Infcriptionem. b Addas ex Tibullo, I. i. 61. fltbis et arfu.ro pofitum me, Delia, leflo. Non L 2 P T I C I. - inelegans efiV gramma, pratfertim la fine, libens concede, fed aritiquum dubito ; veritus condinim ac cufum efle in officina recen- tioris Poetae Itali, minime quidem icepti, quan- quam .verfus fecundus delicatas aures, ut durior, pc:::: cnendere. Praecipua pars carminis colores fuos, licet Ian- guidiori Imitarione, debet optimo Epigrammati % ubi Arimetus Homonceae, SI penjarr mamas fxtrrnt cndttia fola, Etptft rtmi morte oSouJolas ; me* debnttvr temper tf, cor* Homo***, A HOC, pofflaii, fmgwm Imamy* inffe, ijtor. Hoc Epigramc- Ij*. VoL H. Epigr. CXLIII. p. 94. et notram Icfcnptknon in ubtii fandsmt. '_".t!~! . ;ut:rr. . :r.;_^*. ^jrr.cii c'.trir.titHrr.'jrr: c.^crtd fcrr* adoptzm Poeta, ndcio qnis, r Epa*} PASTA*, ct nter km AA' i K J^ fimt Admcti, ad Akefcn am moritantm/ E 50 LtJSUS POETIC I; u* certe his longe clegantiora funt. Ultima adumbrata videntur ex loco Propertiij Lib. III. El. xvi. 13. ^uifquis amator erit, Scythicis licet ambulet oris, Nemo adeo, ut noceat, barbarus ejje velit. Luna miniftrat iter, demonftrant aftra falebras ; Jpfe Amor accenfas prxcutit ante faces d . Cui non diflicnile illud ex Lib. IV. El. iii. 45. Romanls ut'inam patuiflent ca/ira pudlh ; Effem militia farclna fida tu<e. Non me tardarent Scytbi* juga, quum pater alias Africus in glade m frigore neft.it aquas. Omnis amor magnus ; fed aperto in conjuge major ; Hanc Feuus, ut vivat, ventilat ipfa faccm. * Non folum Propertium fed Tibullum ante oculos, ni fallor^ habuit Jortinus : Tibull. II. i. 75. De cupidine, ejufque facibus : Hoc DUCE, cuftodesfurtlmtranf^ftJJ'ajacentes, Adjuvenem tenebrisfolapuellavenit, &c. Et rurfus, v. 8a. Et proculardenies t bine proculabde faces. II. Ti. i. Ca/ira Macef fequitur : tenero quidfet Amori? Sit Comes,. Hinc orta eft varia leftio, a Burmaiino memorata. Atque Ite- rum. V. 15. Acer Amor, frafias vtinam, tuatfla, fagittaS) liictt ext'mftas afrtciamqiie faces! Vel, LUSUS POETICI. 51 Vd, fi mavis, ex noto Valerii jEditui Epigram- Qttidfaculam prefers, Pbikros, qua nil opu nobis, W, hoc lucetjxfioTcfammafatis, &c. c Quselmitationes quidem laudabiles fuat, fed locis inter le comparatis eo magis produnt receatioris jBtatis artificium. Et hanc fufpicioaetn apud me augent kcunse illse carmini praepofitae, foils tan- turn literis D. M. fjperftitibus, quae facile pra- figi poffunt, tamquam reiiqua evanuiffent ex Mar- more, CUIR tamen nulla vox carminis ipfius Uefa aut vetuflate corrofa fit, fed fola detrita eft quafi infcriptio, vetuftis epitaphiis przponi folita, quam fabricare eo minus aufus eft, quioimque fumos nobis vendidit, quia in Epigrammate noa expri- nomen mariri, qui conjugi fuse hoc epita- ni fcripferit." PETRUS BCR::A\:;VS, SECUNDtrs. * Hoc Epigranuna, a recentioribus firpe hudltua, exfiat in A*- tttl. Lot. Bunnanni. Vd. I. p. 673. obi poi phmnm DLiichum bzckguntnr: Ifian naafttis efl msf*vm extogmtre >oemtt Aft imter ctrb cem& prdfita*s. At cmtrm, hoc igmcm Frwrir, mfjercns ipp, Hzc de face a ferro ante Amatoretn prxiata funt J*tdligwi: Pacri nooen eft Ptiltnt. E 2 52 LUSUS POETIC I. fcripfit, fed, magna ex parte, in vita Mi- nerva, Mufifque iratis fcripfit, Petrus Burmannus Secundiis 1773. Qui, me judice, Jortinianae In~ fcriptionis venuftatem neque atringere, neque guftare videtur. Audoris nomen illi efie ignotum mirari fatis nequeo. A Patruo enim, Petro Bur- manno, et J. P. Dorvillio, Amftelsedami Latine editse fuerunt JORTINI hfifccllaKete Obfervationes, in quibus primum " Erudhorum examini propa- " fita" hzec Infcriptio, qiue poftea inter Luftts Poe- ticos fgepius fuit vulgata.-^Andiendus autem de hoc Epigrammate vir elegantiflimi fane ingenir, Thomas Burgefs, cujus verba, ex libro Anglice fcripto, ledtori confideranda lubenter adponam. - . *' Among the few inflances^ In which the Antient Infcription has been happily imitated, may be mentioned an infcription written by Dr. JORTIN, which was publimed in his Mifiellaaeous Obferva- tions, Vol. I. and afterwards in his Lufus Poetid. The idea of the four laft lines- feems to have been borrowed from an epigram in the Greek anthology : T1o <roi ripiiiprts /xyrijiAr/Vo 'H At9-of 11 /Ajxpjj TT;? AICI ^ilno-w o-f. <ru S\ ti T * Anthol. H. Steph. III. i. p. 195. Anthol. Reilk. p. Sr. Brunckii Analeft. III. p. aS/. 3 Except L U 5 U ? O E T I C I. 53 Except the conclufion of the Latin, which perhaps might ferve as an example of antholo- gick elegance. Yet the very elegant and pi<fhi- refque image of love, in its prefent fituation, fomewhat weakens the impreffion firft made by the tendernefs and beauty of the fentiment con- tained in that affecting wim ; TU. CAVE. LETHAEO. CONTIXCUAS. OR.A. LIQUORE. with which the infcription, feemingly, ought to have concluded, as in the Greek* TE SEQUAR : OBSCURUlf PER 1TER DUX HIT EUMT1 FIDUS AMOR, TENEBRAS LAMPADE DISCUTJENS. TU CAVE LETHJEO COKTINGUAS ORA LIQUORE, ET CITO VESTURI sis MEMOR ORO VIRI. " But I will follow thee, and Love fhall conduct " me through the gloomy paflage, difperfing the <* darkneis with his torch. In the mean while " beware thou touch not the waters of Lethe, " and thus preferve the remembrance of thy ** hufband, who will foon be with thee." By which arrangement the beautiful image is pre- ferred, without doing any injury to the fentiment/' ESSAY on the STUDY of ANTIQUITIES, P. 58. Ed. 2-\ Oxon. 1782. REMARKS C S4 ) REMARKS O K SPENSER. TO SIR C. H A T T O N, Prefixed to the Fairy Queen. THOSE prudent heads, that with their counfels wife Whilom the pillars of th' earth did fuflain, And taught ambitious Rome to tyrannife, And in the neck of all the world to reign, Oft from thofe grave affairs were wont abftain, With the fweet Lady Mufes for to play ; To fufiain tit piUars of the earth, is a fcripture phrafe. Pfal. Ixxv. 3. The earth and all the inha- bitants thereof are diffohed. I bear up the pillars of it. In the neck, ufed alfo by Spenfer in other places, is taken from the Latin expreflion 'in cervicibus. Cicero, De Nat. Deor. I. 20. hpofuijiis in cervi- cibus nojtris fempiternum dominum. So he frequently fpeaks. REMARKS ON SPENSER. 55 (peaks. Q^Curtius, VII. 7. Rex Scytbarum ra- tus earn urbem, fuis impoftam ejjc cervlcibus. Juftin, XXIX. 3 inurvicibus erant. See Salluft, Fragm. III. 3. p. 42. and the notes ofWaffe. INTRODUCTION TO THE FAIRY QUEEN. S T A X 2. Ill, ^ And thou moft dreaded imp of higheft Jove, Fair Venus' fon Lay now thy deadly heben bow apart, And with thy mother mild come to mine ayd : Come both, and with you bring triumphant Mart, With loves and gentle jollities array'd, After his murd'rous fpoiles and bloody rage allay*d. Tibullus, addrefling himfelf to Cupid, II. I. 8l. Sanfie, vfni dapibus ftftis ; fed pone fagittas 9 Et procal arfcntts bine procul abdc faces. Ovid. Faft. III. i. BtUice, dcpojitis cfyfeo pauUifper &? bojfa., . odes ; cr .':::. ias c^fffJefohf comas. Claudian. Prsef. ad II. in Ruf. Fcrtitr & indomtus tandem poft pr*lia Mwors Laffo per Odryfias fundere membra nivts ; Obtttufpu Jm 9 pqfita dementior baft a, Pifriis aures pacffcare modis. E 4 Where 56 REMARKS ON SPENSER, Where perhaps he copied Pindar. Pyih. ax/-t<fcti, tat/u - Quinetiam violen- t us Mars > a/per am ubi fepofuit baftarum cufpidem, dektlat cor tno cantu. FAIRY CL^EEN, BOOK I. CANTO I. 6. thus as they paft, The day with clouds was fudden overcaft^ And angry Jove an hideous ftorm of rain Did pour into his leman's lap To fad, That every wight to fhroud it did conftrain, Lucretius, I. 251. pereunt i /fibres , ubi eos pater JEtker In gremlum matrix Terra? pracipitavit. Virgil. Georg. II. 325. fum pater omnipotent fecundis imbribus Ccnjugis in gremium latue defcendit Herodotus REMARKS ON SPEN'SER. 57 Herodotus IV. 59. Speaking of the Scythians : , x bosjblos placant, Vejtam ante omnts; deinde Jovcm ac Tetiurem ; extftimantes felkcrem Jovis conjugcm e/Je. A X Z. VIII, Much can they praife the trees foftreight and high, The failing pine, the cedar proud and tall, The vine-prop elme, the poplar never dry, The builder oak, fole king of forrefts all, The afpine good for ftaves, the cyprefs funeral, The laurel, meed of mighty conquerors And poets (age, the firr that ^sreepeth ftill, The willow, worn of forlorn paramours, The ewe obedient to the benders will, The birch for lhafcs, the fallow for the mill, The mirrhe, fweet bleeding in the bitter wound, The warlike beech, the a(li for nothing ill, The fruitful olive, and the platane round, The carver holme, the maple feldom inward found t Ovid. Met. X. 90. N0n Cbaoms dhfuit arias, KOH nemus HeliaJum, nan frontibus ejculus altis, Non tilt* moUes, nfcfagus, ct tnnuba Ian Et coryti fragile* 3 ct fraxtnus utilis baft is ; Enodifque obits, curvataque gfondibus ilex, Et 58 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Et platanus genialis, acerque colonbus impar^ Amnieolteqnejimulfalices, et aquatica lotos, Perpetuoque virens buxvs, tenitefque myriccf, Et bicokr myrtus, et baccis c<erula tinus : Vosquoque fexipedes hedera ven:Jiis 9 et una Pampinea vites, et amlcLt vitibus ulm'i : Ornique, et pice*, pomoque onerata rubenti Arbutus, et lent*, inRoris pramia, palm * : Et fuccinfta comas, htrftitaque vert'ice pinus j Adf'.ilt huic turb*, metas im:ja:a 9 cuprejfus* Seneca, Oedip. 532. Cupreffus alt is exfertns filvis caput Virente femper alligat trunco nemus ; Curvofque tendlt quercus et putresjitu Annofa ramos : hujus abrupit latus Edax vetttftas: ilia jam fefja cadens Radite, fnlta pendet aliena trabe. Amur a baccas laurus , et ////> kves ; Et Papkia myrtus ; et per immenfuni mare Motura remos alms ; et Ph<ebo obvia Enode Zephyrh pinus opponent latHs* Lucan. III. 440. Procumbunt orni, nodofa rnpdlltur ilex, Silvaque Dodones, ctjluftibus aptior alnu^ Et non plebeios luftus tejlata cupreous : ^Tunc primum pofuere comas* Statius, REMARKS ON SPENSER. 59 Statins, Theb. VI. 98. cadit arduafagus, baoniumqite nemos, brvmtque ntLtJa cupreffits, Proatmbunt pec*, jlammis alimtnta fuprems 9 Ornique, ilice<eque t robes, ftietufndaoue fucco Taxus, ft infandos belli potura cruores Frazinus, atquefou non cxpugnabik robtir. Hlnc attdax abies, et odora vitlntrt pious Scia4ifur 9 acclimijit intonfa cactumna terra ALws arnica frctis, nee inbofyita intibtu ulmus. Claudian. R. Prof. II. 107. Aptafretis abies, be&$ accommoda cornus, Qitfrcus arnica Jovr, tutmtlos txftura cttprejju*, Ikx plena favis, venturi pr*feia hums : FhiEtuat tic denfo crifpata cacumm bxxus, Hie eder* ferpunt, bic pamptntts induit ulmos. Much CM they praife the trees fo ftreight and high. Spenfer here, and in fome other places, ufes the word can in a particular manner*. B. I. Canto I. 50. \Vringing her hands in womens piteous wile, 17:0 can fhe weep to ftir up gentle ruth, Both for her noble blood, and for her tender youth. B. V. Canto VIII. 14, So can they both themfelves full eath perfuade To fair accordance, and both faults to fhade. See II. 1.31. * Upton underftands it for "gait, btgan : The* *ga flie weep, &rc. EDIT. S T A tf Z. f)Q REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. XX. Therewith (he fpew'd out of her filthy maw A flood of poifon horrible and black, Full of great lumps of flefh and gobbets raw, Which ilunk fo vildly ~ Our poet paints very ftrong here, as he does alfo in this book, Canto VIII. 47. 48. where he de- fcribes Duefla. Longinus would have blam'd him for it, who thus cenfures the Author of the Afpis : T? ex [*iv pmuv fJ-vxi fiov. Ou J/ap (^l^ou tVoirxri TO wJwAov, X^ /xio-rjlsti. . 9, CK/ dijfimik eft illud Hefiodi de Triflltia^fi quidemjiatu- e'fldumjitetiampoema illud dichwi Scutum effe Hefiodi, Ejus ex naribus humores fluebant. Ncyue enlm fecit imaginem terribilem, fed adiojam^ S T A N Z. XXI. As when old father Nilus 'gins to fwell With timely pride above th* Egyptian vale s His fatty waves do fertile flime outsell, And overflow each plain and lowly dale ; But SPKNSEl. 61 feat when his latter ebb 'gins to avail, H-ge heaps of mod lie leaves, wherein th Ten tbowfaod kinds of creatures, partly male And partly female of his fruitful feed* Again, B. IH. Canto VL 8. So after Nilus* inundation Infinite (hapes of creatures men do find, Informed in the mud, on which the fun hath (hind* Ovid. Met. 1. 422. Niha, ft amtapofm* fxma reJt dan, Ptoima txterar&rfs ati*6a faraaut, ct m IKS q**tam mtA aipte fib ipjm* TnacaviJnt moans: a odem im carfare f^pe dbara pars vimil i rms tf pars afar* Theophraflus, p. 474. "On^Agy tritre oatem a amtenmu fe&r, Jed iBu mommzjert: img ttifro memStm^ Jab* 6?, REMARKS <*N SPENSER. Plutarch.Sympof.il. p. 637. Ed. Parif. ZZ Animalia autem perfefia et .Integra hodieque terra pant: mures in JLgypto, '&c. Macrobius, VII. 16. Perfefta autem in eaiordti fieri potuijje teflinioni'o funt nunc quoque non pauca ani- mantia, qucs de terra et imbre perfefta nafcuntur : ut in mures, et alih in loch rana, ferpentef^ue^ &c. Mela, I. 9. Nilus adeo efficacious aqitis ad ge- xerandum, ut gkbis etiam infundat animas, ex ipfa~ que humo vitalia ejfingat, &c. JElian. de Animal. VI. 41; Spertfer rightly calls the Nile Father. Pater is art appellation common to all rivers, but more parti- 1 cularly to the Nile, as Broukhufius has obferved ori Tibullus, I. VIII. 23. and many before him; STANZ. XXXIV. Thereby a cryftal ftream did gently play, Which from a facred fountain welled forth ahvay. So MARKS O SPENSER. 63 So jam. faaaa frequently occur in the ancient poets. They are called &vm in fame infcripdoast Nub. :~2. Heads of rivers and fountains had temples and altars erected to diem, and other divine honours paid to them. See Grater's Infcript. N 94. 1072. Fabretti, p. 432. Spon. Mifc, Enid. Ant. p. 31. Cicero de Nat. Deor. HL 20. and Davies there. Frontinus, de Aqnzd. p.225. Tacitiis,AnnaL XIV. 2. and LJpfiuS there. Seneca, Ep*L XU. Paina- nias, VL 22. Scamander's Prieft, 'Afm^ y -y-^. mentioned by Homer, IL .77. Horace, Cinn. IIL ti: Hefiod. E^. 737. Empifam apM Pchu traifto, frsmfaum orgvcris aJjpLiau p*kbr* Mans btms What follows is fHU better, MS -stu o g*gpc -an?a*ui Ivr 64 REMARKS ON SPENSERi Neque unquam in alveo fluvlorum mare influentiuni$ Neque fuper fontes meito ; quin valde evitato. Neque incacato. This was part of the religion of the Perfians. J-Ierodotus I. 138. '$ Coi/Jati 73-oIa/xj /xaAtja. / flumen nee immeiunt, nee infpuunty nee manus ablttunt, nee alium Ifta facientent negligent, fedflum'ma religiofffime colunt. Strabo. Elf yotf TVolotfAOV JT' Vivvn, KT \IITT\WTO<.I Ilip- Influviuni Perfa non immeiuntj nee Icrvant, nee abluuntur, nee cadaver injic'mnt, nee alia qvie immunda effe videantur. Vid. Herodot^ <88. Ed, Gronov^ S T A N Z. XXXVII. Then chufing out few words mod horrible, (Let none them read) thereof did verfes framcj With which, and other fpells like terrible, He bad awake black Pluto's griefly dame, - A bold bad man, that dar'd to call by name Great Gorgon, prince of darknefs and dead night, At which Cocy uis quakes, and Styx is put to flight* Gorgon :> 5?iycrr. 6$ Gorgon : the lame, I foppofe, who is called Ds- rr.ir-3-gr- rv c:ber o-em writers, szi by 5-- : -r -, B, L Canto V. 22. Which was begot in DaEmogorgoo's hafl. IT. . 47 . Where Pacoaogorgon In full darkle:"; Far frcni die view of g The hideous Chaos keeps. They give die name of DBemogorgon to that ter- rible namelcfs deity, of wbor i^d Starius fpcak, when they introduce magicians threatning the infernal gods. Scathn, Theb. IV. 514. Samts tarn &yiuyaln 9 at/of* timetis, E tuncn HtctttMy MM tt 9 jUoyjunx^ \ttrcrtr y t trtpuOS WMNmt fUUUUB G3K9 JGTf MTffjpUB* Locan. VI. 744. Pontis? *msOe -.:. ; : -:: :.-*_-: :i--J '.:.-. trout i f Gorguaa tcrmt operta^ tfu Jfefacrii S&ga $n fgcr* miss. To die (ameDeitj he feems to aUode, VL 497. 66 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Demogorgon is a name which perhaps was un- known in the rime of Lucan and Statius. However it is to be found in Lactantius. The Scholiaft of Statius, on Theb. IV. 5 1 6. Didt deum Demogorgona fummum. It is alfo to be found in Hyginus, page 1 1 . Ex Demogorgone et 'Terra) Python, draco divinus ; if the place be not corrupted. See Munker. I find in Nataiis Comes V. 6. thefe words : Pro- iiapis poet a in fuo Protocofmo natum fuijje Pana cum friffus fororibus Parch e Demogorgone fcribit. The fubject here treated of reminds me of a paflage in Lucan, which feems to me not rightly underflood, and which I mail endeavour to ex- plain. Lucan 's Witch, Erichtho, begins her invo- cation thus. VI. 695. Edit. Oudendorpii. Eumenides, Stygiumque nefas, pcen<eqtte nocentum, Et Chaos, innumeros avidum confundere mundos^ Et Reflor terra? , quern longa in fecula torque t Mors dilata Where Lucan's Scholiaft fays : Reftor terra. Tiitem patron dicit. Hie ncgat Deos femper viverc, fed etiam eos quandoque perituros. Nibil enim cj/c volant pcrpetuum Epicure! , qtios porta mmc fequitur. Dilata adeo Centura eft, ji dilata per longa fecula. To this Oudendorp adds : Jlii exponunt ; quia cum i;:cr; vetis, .-////j. The REMARKS OK SPEX5ER. 67 The Scholiaft takes dtum to be the genitive cafe plural, and in that I think he is right : but he is raiftaken when he fays, that Lucan follows the Epicureans ; for the Epicureans afbribed immorta- lity to their gods, that is, to the gods whole exif- tence they pretended to believe, and whom they placed in the Intfrmnndia y there to live in perfect idlenefs. As to the interpretation which Oudendorp follows, I would gladly know what ancient authorities he can find to favour it, and why this fame ReSor Terr* fhould be fo tired with bis exlftence, and want fo much to die. I read, with the Scholiaft and fome editions : Et RfQor tarr*, ytem longa infcatla torqust Mvrs dikia Mm. By Rector terr* the poet means Pluto, Dis pa- tar, whom, if you pleale, you may call in Englifh, tfx God of death, of deftniSiox-, he to whom all things return when they die, and whofe empire .attends over all things that are fubject to mutabi- lity and dillblution ; and who may fay, as Chaos in Milton ; Havock, and fpoil, and ruin are my gain. Cicero De Nat. Deor. II. 26. Tfrraia autem vis -9nnds dfqae natwra Dili patri dfduata eft: qul Dives, Fa ; 68 REMARKS ON SPENSER. tit apttdGrtfcos IUra>v, quia et recidant omnia in terras, (t oriantur e terris. Here you fee why Pluto is called by Lucan Reftor terra. See Davies on that place of Cicero* In Claudian, Lachefis fays to Pluto, R. Prof, 1- 57- quifinem cuxRis et femina probes, Nffcendique vices alterna nwrte rependis .' Qui vitam letumqtte regis^ (nam quicquid ubiqttc Gignit matcries, hoc te donante creatur, Debeturque tibi \) In Statins, Theb. VIII. 91. Amphiaraus fays to him : O cunBis fliiitor maxime rerum ; At mill, qui quondam cauffas ehmentaque nor am ^ Et fator. Where fee Barthius. Ovid. Met. X. 17. O po/iti fub terra numina mundi, In quern recidimus quicquid mortale creamur. Claudian, Rapt. Prof. I. opibus quorum donatur avaris Qnicquid in orbe -peril. This god therefore is here reprefented by Lucan as uneafy at the long life of the gods, the poet iuppofing that the gods fhould at laft perifh, ac- cording REMARKS ON SPENSER. 69 cording to the Stoical dodrine, which held them all mortal, except Jupiter, the fupreme God. Lucan then makes his witch talk Stoically here ; and fo he does before, 7615. At firmd a prima defccit&t origine mttndi Cateffitrum f tries * atque cmxiafata labor ant, Si QHidquam imttare vf/is, mcqui fub i8u Stat gtnus bvmanum - y tune, Tbe/ala turba fatemvr, Fortuna poteft. Where by Fcrtuna he means Nature, Stoical : I 9fif . I find that Mr. Rov.-e has miiunderflood the lines I am examining, tranflating them thus : And thou, fole arbiter of all below, Pluto, whom ruthiefs fates a god ordain, And doom to immortality of pain. S T A K Z. XXXIX. He making fpeedy way through fperfed air, And through the world of waters wide and deep, To Morpheus' houfe doth haflily repair. Amid the bowels of the earth full fteep, And low, where dawning day doth never peep, dwelling is ; there Thetis his wet bed DC ^(h, and Cynthia ftill doth fteep In JO REMARKS ON SPENSER. In filver dew his ever-drooping head, Whiles fad night over him her mantle black dotji fpread. And more to lull him in his (lumber foft, A trickling ftream from high rock tumbling down, And ever-drizling rain upon the loft, Mixt with a murmuring wind, much like the found Of fwarming bees, did caft him in a fwoon : No other noife, nor peoples troublous cries, As ftill are wont t' annoy the walled town Might there be heard : but carelefs Quiet lies, Wrapt in eternal filence, far from enemies. This defcription is very elegant, as Mr. Hughes has obferved. We may compare it with Ovid, Met. XI. 592. and Statins, Theb. X. 84. Ovid, whom Spenfer imitates : Eft -preps Cimmerios Icngo fpetunca receffu, Mons cavils, ignavi domus et penetralia Scmni : Quo numquam radiis criens, mediitfoe, cadenfue Pbxbus adire poteft. Nebula taligine mixt<e Exbalantur humo, dubi<cque crepufcula lucis. Non vigil ales ibi criflati cantibus cris ILvocat duroram : Non fera y non pecudes, r.on moti fiamine ranri, Human<eve fcnum reddunt convicia lingua. Muta Quies habitat. Saxo tamen exit ab too REMARKS ON SPENSER. 7! Rivu s aqu Letbes : per quern cum murmure labens Invitat Jomnos crepitantibus unda lapillis, &c. Statius : Stat fupsr occidu<e mbulofa cubilia No His Mtbiopafquc alias, nulli penetrabilis aftro Lucus iners, fubterque c avis grave rupibus antrum It vacuum in montem, qua dejidis atria Somni Securumque larcm fegnis Natura locavif. Otia vejlibuhy prejjifque Silentia pennis Muta fedent, abiguntque truces a culmhie ventes, Et ramos err are i-etant, et murmur a demunt Alitibus. Non bic pelagi, licet omnia clament Lit or a, non illic cidifragor. Ipfe profundis Vallibus effugiens fpelunc<e proximus amms Saxa inter i fcopulcjque facet, &c. Statius admits of no kind of noife; Ovid of none but that which a murmuring ftream makes. Spenfer has very juftly introduced the trickling ftream^ ever-drizling rain* find murmuring wind. See Broukhulius on Tibullus I. i. 47. dut, gelidas bibernus aquas quum fuderit Aujler* Securum fomnos, imbre juvante, fequi. His murmuring wind, mucb like tbe found of fw arm- ing bees, feems to be from Virgil, Eel. I. 54. Hinc tibi, qu<e femper vicino ab llmite fepes, HyMteis apibus fiorem depaftafalifti, Steps levi fomnum fu^ud.; inire fufurro. F 4 We 72 REMARKS ON SPENSER, We may obfervc that Spenfer makes Morpheus the God of Sleep ? wheveas in Ovid, Morpheus is one of the Somnia, one of the children of Somnus : but ne thought, I fuppofe, that Morpheus was a name that would make a better figure in Engliih poetry than Sleep, or Somnus, or Hypnus, or Onirus. s T A N z. XL. Whofe double gates he findeth locked fad, The one fair fram'd of burnilh'd ivory, The other all with filvcr overcaft. One is of horn, and the other of ivory, fay Homer and Virgil. OdyfiT. T. 563. yo(> re sruAai ptvwuv MW cvtiguv ' A fji.iv y enim port<e debilium funt fomniorum : Un# quidem enim cornibusjaR* funt ^ alter* autem,cbcrs. jEn. VI. 893. Sunt gemma Somni port a : quarum alt era fertur Cornea^ Altera^ candenti perfefta nit ens elephant o. S T A N Z. REMARKS ON SPENSER. 73 S T A N Z. XLII. The meflenger approaching to him fpoke, But his wafte words return 'd to him in vain : So found he fiept, that nought mought him awake. Then rudely he him thruft, and pufh'd with pain, Whereat he 'gan to ftretch : but he again Shook him fo hard, that forced him to (peak. As one then in a dream, vrhofe dryer brain Is toft with troubled fights and fancies weak, He mumbled foft, but would not all his (Hence break. Ovid. Met. XI. 617. Veftufmigon rtbixit Seer* demas: terdaquc Deus gravitate jacoifes Fix *c*bs tcttais ; i:ervnsa*t ittntmqmc rtlobns, Summoqm* perculitiu wtianti pfffera Statius, Tlieb. X. 121. Jpfe atttem nee l&apadt flora, jfcc/amlUy mec vsce dc* psradfus, codem Mmrejacet. DGJKC radios fboMuantias. mxes Jmpulit, ixque cubs ptmtus defcndit inertes. Dixit, et incrfpitttiu langunti* peffera dextra, Ne ptreaxt voces* ilentmque i! manque monsbat. Vie &*j*fu date* mixtumfpu foperi Jbaudt. c A v re ^4 REMARKS ON SPENSER. CANTO II. 3. Eftfoons he took that mifcreated fair. Mr. Addifon was miflaken in thinking that yiif- ireated was a word of Milton's coining. Spenfcr vfes it again, II. vn. 42. and in other places. s T A N z. vi. He could not reft, but did his flout heart eat. *Ov Svpov xaleSuv. Homer. Which Cicero tranf- lates : Ipfg fuum cor edens. Spenfer ufes the fame expreffion VI. ix. 39. and in Mother Hubberd's Tale. S T A N Z. XXIV. Then forth I Went his woeful corfe to find, And many years throughout the world I flray'cj A virgin widow, whofe deep-wounded mind With love, long time did languifti as the flricken hind. From Virgil, ^En. IV. 65. Uritur infclix Dido, totaque vagatur Urbe furtns : quails ccnjcEfa cerva fagitta, Quam procul incautarn nemora inter Crejlafixit Pajlor agens tdis y liqititque volatile f err um Nefcius. Ilia fuga filvas faltufque peragrat b*eret la ten hi alts aritndo. Upon REMARKS ON T SPENSER. 75 Upon which lines Servius remarks : fatis congrua ccmparatio. That was faying too little. CANTO in. 5. It fortuned, out of the thickeil wood A ramping lion rufhed fuddtnly, Hunting full greedy after falvage blood. Soon as the royal virgin he did fpy, With gaping mouth at her ran greedily. ran for be r^n, Soil. vi. i. A harder leflbn, to learn continence In joyous pleafure, than in grievous pain. For, // is a harder. II. vi. 8. So eafy was to quench his flamed mind. For, It -. II. vrii. 4. Is iron .coat all overgrown with ruft, Was underneath enveloped with gold, Whofe glitfring glofs darkned with filthy duft, Well it appeared to have been of old A work of rich entail, and curious mold. Here I think darkned is put for was darkned \ and therefore I would place a full flop after duft. Sonnet j6 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Sonnet XXXI. Ah, why hath Nature to fo hard a heart Given fo goodly gifts of beautie's grace ? "VVhofe pride depraves each other better part, And all thofc precious ornaments deface. deface, for does deface. Sonnet LVI. Fair be ye (lire, but proud and pitilefs, As is a ftorm, that all things doth proftratc; Finding a tree alone all comfortlefs, Beats on it ftrongly it to ruinate. Inftead of, Wbicb finding a tree, &c. Daphnaida : Whatever man he be, whofe heavy mind, &c. Let read the ruful plaint herein 'expreft. For, Let bim read. *T'be Tears of the Mufes : And all her fitters rent their golden hairs, And their fair faces with fait humour fteep, Jteep for didfteep, &c. &c. &c. S T A N Z. XX. Him booteth not rcfift, nor fuccour call, His bleeding heart is in the vengcr's hand. This REMARKS ON SPENSER. 77 This venger is a lion. To be in tbe band of a lion feems a bold expreffion, xxfox^uwJum//***, as the Greeks (ay. So again, n. xi. 33. And as a bear, whom angpy curs have touz'd, Having off-fhak'd them, and efcap'd their hands, Becomes more fell. - Daniel vi. 27. Wlo bath delivered Daniel from tie band of the lions. Pfalrn xxii. 20. Deliver my darling from tbeband 9/ tbe dog. See the Commentators. s T A N z. xxi. With pains far paflingthat long-wandring Greek, That for his love refufed Deity. In Homer, OdyiT. E. Calypfo, endeavouring to perfuade Ulyfles today with her, tells him araongfl other things, b t t u\ r& Kip*. -srto TT; *1> s&Jssu r. Ctrie bic manens una mecum bane domum cuftc.. lamortatjfque ejfes, quantunfuis cupidusjis videndi Titan* uxcrem, cujus ufaue dffider'io teneris dies oianesi. But, he thank'd her, and defir'd leave to go home. S T A N Z. 78 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. XXXI. And fcorch ing flames of fierce Orion's hound. Sirius: Homer. II. X. 29. Ov rf xuv' liuv> *7nxX]<rjv KaAfVt. CANTO IV. 28. But both from back and belly ftill did fparc, To fill his bags, and riches to compare. to compare riches, comparare divitias. So III. vi 1 1. 40. For every fhape on him he could endue. endue, induere. III. vin. 51. till morrow next again Both light of heaven, and ftrength of men relate. to relate, referre. III. xi. 14. And ever in your noble heart prepenfe, That all the forrow in the world is lefs Than virtue's might. prepenfe, perpende tecum* or prius perpended III. xi. 25. So to her void the flames, and did their force revolt. to revolt, revohere, retro referre, to draw back. IV. REMARKS ON SPIKSZR. 79 . I. 2 7 . And as her tongue, fo was her heart difcided. IV. V . 33. There where the moulder'd earth had cav'd the bank. to cave, carvart. IV. vi. 43. /* rectrt, reverti. . And Phoebos flying fo moft (hameful fight, His blufhing face in foggy cloud implies. impGts, impfoat, imfait. See I. xi. 25. IV. vii. 40. - His fiiir locks - He lee to grow, and griefly to concrew. to ce*cresff f corner ff cert. III. xi. 46. And round about, a bonier was entrail'd Of broken bows and arrows fluverVi Jhcr- . And a long bloody river through them rail'd, So liTely and fo like, that living fenfe it faii'cL to fail the fenjt, faSere ; to dative tbefatfc* end to kemrtal. VI. viii. At laft the cahive, after long diicourie, en all his fbokes he fa-ar avoided quite, &c. VI. So REMARKS ON SPENSER. difcourfe, difcurfus: after long difcourfe> after Jhlf ting ground^ and traverjing to and fro. V. xi. 50. Ay me ! that ever guile in women was invented ! invented, found, from invenio, &c. &c. Spenfer abounds with fuch Latinifms, which makes me think that in II. ix. 48. (where he fays of Neftor, Nor that fage Pylian fire, which did furvive Three ages fuch as mortal men contrive, ) contrive may be from ccnterere : conterere <etatem. & This expofition is adopted by Warburton, in his notes on Shakefpear, Vol. II. p. 47. Edwards, in his Canons of Criticifm, p. 90, re- jects this interpretation of contrive, and fays " I do not at prefent recolleft any Englifh verbs formed from the preterperfeft tcnfe of the Latin, except fuch as come to us through French words fo formed." As the interpretation is mine, it concerns me to defend it : and I obferve that, though this verb were irregularly formed, it would be a flight ob- jeclion ; becaufe Spenfer is an inaccurate writer, and a great innovator. But we have examples of 3 fuch ON Sf fuch words in our language, as to fremfc, to prt- mft, to Jtmiff, &c. &c. S T A H Z. XXI. And next ro him malicious Envy rode Upon a ravenous wolf* and ftill did chaw Between his cankred teeth a venemous tode, zt all the poifon ran about his jaw; But inwardly he chawed his own maw At neighbours wealth, that made him erer fad ; For death it was when any good he few, And wept that caufe of weeping, none he had : But when he heard of harm he wexed wondrous glad. See another, and a longer, defcripdon of Enrr, V. xii. 29, ^ This is from Ovid, Met. IL 607. HAft farts e&xttm Vtfereas canes, intiantm *limataftt*nar, trautiam : vifapu codes a^rrt-t. At iBa S*rgit hntopigra: jujfagr txtr&t ixtrti. Utquf deam &( formajgt armiffge decwam, hganit: c^/juqa^ rmaadjvfprrn dxxit.^ RiftisabeJIi mfo yum vfc **v fr*&b* e*. Nee fntitxr fom*^ vifs SfJ vulet agrafes, intakjtitqtu vutad** carfitque el carpiiur mus. tenet Ucrimts j yaa ml lacrimakilt armt. G REMARKS ON SPENSER, CANTO V. 2. At laft the golden Oriental gate Of greateft heaven 'gan to open fair, And Phoebus frefti as bridegroom to his mate, Came dancing forth, fliaking his dewy hair. Pfalm xix. 5. In them bath he fet a tabernacle for the fun ; which comet b forth as a bridegroom out of his chamber, and rejoicetb as a giant to run bis courfe. S T A N Z. XIII. Therewith his heavy hand he high 'gan rear, Him to have flain ; when lo, a darkfome cloud Upon him fell : he no where doth appear, But vanifiYd is. The Elf him calls aloud But anfwer none receives : the darknefs him does fhroud. Not all fo fatisfy'd with greedy eye He fought all round about, his thirfly blade To bathe in blood of faithlefs enemy, Who all the while lay hid in fecret fhade. Copied from Homer, II. r. 379. 'Pilot f*Y, wjr ^PJ* IxaAu^f <P ^' HEPI HOAAHL REMARKS ON SPEXSER 83 HU ven itermm hrtst hfcrfcere ntpicms Ha/la *rem. JOmm -cere erifmt Fens ntptte&a: eecpcrtat atit Jftruks ver per txrbtm v*gabat*r fcr* $ T A H Z. Dueflk (ays to Night : O thou moft ancient grandmother of all, More old than JOTC, whom tbou at fiiftdidll breed. Here Night is made to be the mother of the Gods. In his Hymn to Love, and in Colin Clout's Come Home Again, Love is described i lie mike: c: :h; world; for both which Spenfer had the authority of ancient Cofmogonifts. See Cudworth, Intel!. Syfh p. 120, 248, 488. In Homer, Jupiter pays great refpeft to Night. " Jupkcr would have deftroyed me," (ays Somnus, A^ Nncdewdtrix fantm fcroejtt ft %u*m cJi'xfmgieiu: Me MMtem cobikat fe trmtus Beet: Vcrtbatwr emm 9f NoSi teleri ayrttm amm* facer it. ILH.250. s T A 84 REMARKS ON- SPENSER. S T A N Z. XXI II. If old Aveugle's fons fo evil hear ? 'Tarn male audiunt. x*xw? mcwn. Milton, III. 7. Or heard thou rather, pure, ethereal flream. By the way, it may not be amifs to obferve, that this paffage in Milton feems partly copied from the Wifdom of Solomon. Hail, holy light, offspring of heaven firft born, Or of th' Eternal coeternal beam May I exprefs thee, unblam'd ? fince God is light, And never but in unapproached light Dwelt from eternity, dwelt then in thee, Bright effluence of bright eflence increate. Or heard thou rather, pure, ethereal ftream, Whofe fountain who (hall tell ? [Wifdom] is the breath of the power of God, and a pure influence ([or ftrearn] flowing from the glory of tie Almighty. She is the brigbtnefs of the ever- lajling light. VII. 25, T A N 7... REMARKS ON SPENSER, 85 S T A N Z. XXX. Sptakir.g cr~ X:gh: : And all the while (he ftood upon the ground, The wakeful dogs did never ceafe to bay, jiving warning of th' unwonted found, Wi-Ji which her iron wheels did them affray. And her dark griefiy look them much difmay. The mefTengcr of death, the ghaftly owl, With dreary fhrieks did her alfo bewray ; And hungry wolves continually did howl At her abhorred face, fo filthy and fo fouL There is an impropriety of expreffion in the fifth line. He fhould have (aid : her darkgriefy lock did elfi much difmay them. He has here applied to Night, what the ancient Poets fay of Hecate. Theocritus, II. 12. Et adHecataifubterraneam, qtiam ctiam catuli timent Cum inccditpcrmortuarumfcj>uUra t et atntmfartgnii Idem. 35. ' :,' O G 3 86 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Tbeftyli, canes nobis per urbem latrant* Dea adeft in triviis. Apollonius III. Concerning Hecate's dogs, fee Virgil, Mn. VI. 257. Tibullus I. ii. 52. Horace Serm. I. vni. Seneca Oedip. 569. Med. 840. Thyeft. 675. Statius Theb. IV. 428. Lucan VI. 733. Tzetzes, on Lycophron, verfe 77. fpeaking of Rhea and Hecate, fays that they facrificed dogs to them; for the barking of a dog makes fpeclres difappear, as does alfo the found of brafs. u'<n & aJlai? xuva'f, w? ^P>l(r* Sw^pwy iv Mfytttt' o yotf KVUV y, fays, H' 'Exa1j laupoj, xuwu, S T A N Z. XXXI. Speaking of Avernus : By that fame hole, an entrance, dark and bafe, With fmoke and fulphur hiding all the place, Defcends to hell. Virgil. jEn. VI. 237. Spelunca aha //"/, vaftoque inmanis hiatu, Scrupea, tuta lacu nigro nemorumque tenebris j Quam fuper baud ull<e poterant> &c. *' IBID REMARKS OK SPENSER. 87 IBID. There creature never paft, That back returned without heavenly grace. Virgil, ^n. VI. 128. Sfd revocare gradum, fuptrafque evader e ad auras, Hoc opus, bic labor (ft. Pond aaos equus amavit Jupiter, out ardent eue&t ad *tbera virtus, Dis gfiiti potuere. STANZ. xxriv. Before the threfeold, dreadful Cerberus His three deformed heads did lay along, Curled with thoufand adders venemous. And lilled forth his bloody flaming tongue: At them he 'gan to rear his bri fries ftrong, And felly gnarre, until Day's enemy Did him appeafe ; then down his taile he hoag, And fuffer'd them to paflen quietly: For (he in hell and heaven had power equally. TI Virgil, JEn.VI. 4 i7. Cerberus b*c iugau Tatratu rt%na trifaud Pfrfiuat adverjb recubans itmnit nr axtro. Cxi votes, borrere vidfusjam coOa cobtbris, MtUe faporatOM et medicatis frugibus off am Ofyu-ii. HU fame rabida trla gtttura paadns G 4 Comfit 88 JREMARKS ON SPENSER, Corripit objeftam, atque iiimama terga refolvit Fufus humi, totoque ingeus extenditur antro. The laft line is alfo taken from Virgil, JLn. VI, 247. Hecaten cceloqu? ereboque potentem. According to Hefiod, Cerberus was very civil to all who came in, but would not let them go out again. Sio'y. 770. s T A N z. xxxvu. Hippolytus a jolly huntfman was, That wont in chariot chace the foaming boar. They did not ufe to go a hunting in chariots. s T A N z. xxxviii. Speaking of the death of Hippolytus : From furging gulf two monfters flreight were brought, With dread whereof his chafing deeds aghaft Both chariot fwift and huntfman overcaft, &c. The ancient authors who relate this ftory, fay tha it was one monfler, not tico, that Neptune feni againft Hippolytus. So fay Euripides, Ovid, Seneca Trag. Hyginus, Servius, Plutarch De Fortuna Rom. pag. 314. and others. It is noi unlikely that our Poet had Virgil in view #n. VII. 780. Juvenen KEMARXS OX SPENSER, 89 If Spenfer took bis two morifters from this paflage, he had not diffident authority for it. Mntftr* in Virgil may mean, firft, a noife like thunder, and then a very high lea, which landed a monder; all which mcmftra frightened the horfes of Hippolytus. Or Virgil might ufe mox/his for nsoffjrro, as he has elfewhere. Natalis Comes, and Lloyd in bis Dictionary, fay, that the horfes of Hippolytus were frightened, not by mt monfter, but by die Pboc*. They produce no authorities for k; and I fufped that they had none to produce. S T A N Z. XXXIX. Spenfer goes on: His cruel ftep-dame feeing what was done, Her wicked days with wretched knife did end ; In death avowing th* innocence of her (on. Which hearing, his rafh fire began to rend His hair, and hafty tongue that did offend : Who gathering up die reficks of his (mart By Dian's means, who was Hippolyt*s friend, Them brought to ./Efculape, that by his art Did heal them aH again, and joyned every part. Such wondrous fcience in man's wit to reign When Jove aviz'd, that could the dead revive, And Fates expired could renew again ; Of endleU life he might him not deprive, B-: 90 REMARKS ON SPENSER. But unto hell did thruft him down alive, With flafhing thunderbold y wounded fore : Where long remaining, he did always ftrive Himfelf with falves to health for to reftore, And flake the heavenly fire, that raged evermore. From Virgil, JEn. VII. 765. Namq; ferunt fama Hippolytum, pqftquam arte novere<e Occident, patriafque explerit fanguine p<enas, furbath dijlrafius eouis, adfidera rurfus jEtberea et fuperas cceli venijje fub auras, Paoniis revocatum herbis, et amors Diana. Turn pater omnipotent, aliquem tndignatus ab umbris Mortalcm infernis ad lumma furgere vita, Jpfe repertorem medicine talis et artis Fulmine Ph<ebigenam Stygias detrujit ad undas. What Spenfer fays of ^Efculapius endeavouring to heal his wounds, is his own, I believe, and is finely imagined. He fays Phaedra killed herfelf with wretched knife. In Seneca's Hippolytus, Phsedra flabs herfelf with a fword. The more common opinion is that (he hanged herfelf. Obferve this expreflion, began to rend His hair, and hafty tongue. Did he rend his tongue ? No; but the paflage muft be fupplied thus, or in fome fuch manner began to rend his bair^ and (to blame, to curfc) his tongue , &V . If REMARKS ON SPENSER. 91 If any one cenfure this expreffionof Spenfer*s, he muft condemn all the ancients, in whofe writings this fort of ellipfis is frequent. See Davies on Cicero De Nat. Deor. I. 17. on the Epitome of Lactantius, p. 199. and the Commentators on St. Paul to Timothy, I. iv. 3. S T A X Z. XLVII. There was that great proud king of Babylon, &c, See Daniel iii. IBID. And proud Antiochus, the which advaunc'd His curfed hand 'gainft God, and on his altars dauncM. From Maccabees i. i. S T A N Z. XLVII I. And them long time before great Nimrod was, Who firft the world with fword and fire warraid ; And after him, old Ninus far did pafs In princely pomp, of all the world obey'd. There alfo was that mighty Monarch laid Low under all, We are to underftand by this, that Nimrod and Ninus were there, as well as Croefus, Antiochus, &c. But it is carelefsly exprefs'd. S T A N Z. REMARKS ON SPENSER. STANZ. XLVI. TO STANZ. LII. " In the dungeon, among the captives of Pride, w the Poet has reprefented Nebuchadnezzar, " Crcefus, Antiochus, Alexander, and feveral " other eminent pcrfons, in circumftances of the " utmoft ignominy. The moral is truly noble." Mr. HUGHES, in his Remarks. I agree with this Gentleman ; but I' think Spenfer was very injudU eious in placing Scipio amongft them, Stanz. 49. which ever of the Scipios he meant. I take it for granted that he meant Scipio Africanus. STANZ. L. Fair Sthenobcea, that her felf did choke With wilful cord. Quaere. Whether any ancient writer fays that Sthenoboea hanged herfelf. Hyginus fays me killed her felf, without mentioning how. We learn from Ariftophanes that me poifoned herfelf, Ran. 1082. "Or* -ytwKiots ^ yivvouw dvfywv fays ^fchylus there to Euripides, reproaching him for introducing Sthenoboea upon the ftage. Scholiaft. difpatch'd REMARKS ON SPENSER. 93 difpatch'd herfelf with hemlock. It is haxtHy worth obferving, that Ariftophanes and the Scho- liaft call her CANTO VI. I. As when a fhip, that flies fair under fail, A hidden rock efcaped hath unwares, That lay in wait her wrack for to bewail ; The mariner yet half amazed flares At peril paft, and yet in doubt ne dares To joy at his fool-hardy overfight. So Fol. Edit. 1679. Either Spenfer by mid yet in doubt, means and yet is in doubt, and according to his cuftom drops the verb ; or he is to be thus underftood, :Tke manner yet half amazed, and yet in doubt, flares, &c. Take it as you will, there fhould be a Comma or Semicolon after doubt. To bewail far wrack feems unintelligible. s T A N z. x. As when a greedy wolf through hunger fell A filly lamb far from the flock does take, Of whom he means his bloody feaft to make, A lion fpies faft running towards him, The innocent prey in hafte he does forfake, Which quit from death, yet quakes in every lioi With change of fear, to fee the lioa look fo grim. Here 94 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Here again is a faulty expreffion : As when a wolf- takes a lamb -Jpies a lion he does for fake his prey. But the fimile is pretty, and partly taken from Homer, II. A. 479. JIAIV [fAaipo'/! Sutg iv ?<rt *Ev vitl rxif w* tOt rt \~v Cruda-vor antes eum [cervum] tJooes in montibus dild' niando vorant, In nemore umbrofo : leonem autem adducit fortuna Exitialem : turn thoes quidem difugiunt, fed ille vefcitur. STAN Z. XIV. So towards old Silvanus they her bring : Who with the noife awaked cometh out, To weet the caufe, his weak fteps governing And aged limbs on cyprefs ftadle ftout. By view of her he 'ginneth to revive His ancient love, and deareft CyparifTe, And how he flew with glancing dart amifs A gentle hind, the which the lovely boy Did love as life, above all worldly blifs ; For grief whereof the lad n'ould after joy, But pin'd away in anguim and felf-will'd annoy. Ovid. Met. X. 130. Hum [cervum] puer imprudent jaculo CypariJJits acuto Fixit : et ut fevo morientem vulnere vidit, Veto REMARKS ON SPENSER. 95 Velk vtorifatuit. %u* non folatia Pbehis Dixit f et ul kviter, pro materiaque doltrtt, Admonuit. Gemit ilU tamen : munujque fupremwn Hoc petit afupms, ut tempore lugeat omm. Virgil. Georg. I. 20. Et tenfram ab ra3ueferfns s Sifoane, cuprcfum. Where fee Servius. s T A N z. xxrv. For all he taught the tender imp, was but To banifh cowardize and baftard fear ; His trembling hand he would him force to put Upon the lion and the rugged bear, And from the (he bear's teats her whelps to tear : And eke wild roaring bulls he would him make To tame, and ride their backs not made to bear ; And the roebucks in flight to overtake, That even- beafl for fear of him did fly and quake. His loving mother came upon a day Unto the woods, to fee her little fon ; And chanc'd unwares to meet him in the way, After his fports and cruel paftime done ; When after him a lionefs did run, That roaring all with rage, did loud requere Her children dear* whom he away had wone : The lions whelps flie faw how he did bear, And lull in ragged arms, withouten childifh fear. Copied 96 REMARKS ON SPENSER* Copied from what Statius fays of Achilles, Achill. I. 159. where Thetis went to fee her fon : Ilk aderat multo fudore et pulvere major.- fatam Pboloes fub rupem leanam Percukrat ferro, vacitifque reliqutrat antris Ipfam, fed catulos apportat, ei incitat ungv.es. II. 388. Achilles gives an account how Chiron had educated him. Mox ire per avia fecum Luftra gradu major e trabens, vififque docebat Arridtre fern. Nunquam ilk imbelks Ofaa per avia lynces SeSarif aut timidos pajfus me cufplde damas Sternere, fed trifles turbare cubilibus urfas, Fulmineofquefues, etjicubi maxima tigris, Autfedufta jughfcstx fpelunca lexna. CANTO VII. l6. His defcription of DuefTa magnificently arrayed, clothed in purple, having a cup in her hand, fit- ting on a dragon who had feven heads, and who threw down the ftars with his tail, is taken from the Apocalypfe, xii. 17. S T A N Z. REMARKS ON SPEXSER. 97 S T A N Z. XT 1 1. i flew, Socmona is no where to be found, I think, s T A x z. xzix. His &ftr axj armour jbuiJ far away. So Hughes' Edit. In FoL Edit. 1769, forJbim'J. I think it fhould be, His gEitfroxd armour fhincd fc avar. G. ;..-_--.: :^ S T A N Z. XXXI. His haughty helmet, horrid all with gold, Both glorious brighmefs and great terror bred; For all the creft a dragon did enfold, f- With greedy paws, and o^er all did fpread : golden wings : his dreadful hideous head Cioie coached on the beaver, feem'd to throw From flaming mouth bright fparkles fiery red, That fbdden horror to faint hearts did (how ; And fcaly tail was firetch*d adbwn his bock full lov. H TUgU. 98 REMARKS ON SPENSER* Virgil, ^En. VII. 785. Cut trlplid crlnitajuba galea alt a Chimaram Sv.ftmet, jEtnaos efflantem faucibus ignis. Tarn magis ilia fremens, et trijlibus efferaflammis, Quam magis e ff u fo crude fcunt fangu'me pvgn<e. S T A N Z. XXXIV. The fame, \Jhietf\ to wight he never wontdifclofe, But when as monfters huge he would difmay, Or daunt unequal armies of his foes, Or when the ilying heavens he would affray;. For fo exceeding Ihone his gliftring ray r That Phrcbus' golden face it did attaint, As when a cloud his beams doth overlay ; And filver Cynthia wexed pale and faint, As when her face is flain'd with magic arts conftraint. In his defcription of this Ihield he feems to have had in view the ./Egis of Jupiter and Minerva. Homer, II. P. 593. fArr' a/ t ' rr,v Turn vcro Satwnius fumpjit agulem fmbriatam, Splendent wit Idam vcro nul'ibus coopenut : ON SPESSER. 99 mfexrdgs aaem emfs, eimriim grade hauaut: hoc :. ; j.:-..-i.T:: m astern Tryaas Jkt, aysc frga* VaL Flaccus, VL 396. JEgLh. tmmprmam virgo Jpiremyu 'Mtlxf* Tcrcemtmm finm fjpdtotem fnjnlb iyJris, a: Paver ocapat imgns im What he fays of fnghtoing the hcaTecs, &c. i in the ftjle of Stat^, Theb. VII. 45. Laac time!) ^. 665. . c&ffes Affsoriis im arzis a a&L; P&%*jffrit, f&xygf rffxfcaa When he fays that Prince Arthur was too brave to make uie of his (hield uncovered, uniels upon extraordinary occions, he feeoxs to have had Perfeus.in view. Grid. Met. V. i - . :-:m turk* fmcau&c ^ Pfrjas, yunuam fc cvpiis i$, bojkpctem: i-z~zs czvrtitc \.f*zrcs, H 2 CA 100 .REMARKS ON SFENSER. CANTO VIII. 9. As when Almighty Jove, in wrathful mood, To wreak the guilt of mortal fins is bent, Hurls forth his thundring dart with deadly food, Enrold in flames, and fmouldring dreriment ; Through riven clouds, and molten firmament, The .fierce threeforked engine making way, Both lofty towers, and higheft trees hath rent, And all that might its angry pafilon ftay, And mooting in the earth cads up a mount of clay. Here again is an inaccuracy of expreflion : A3 when Jove is bent hurls forth the engine.- He might have (aid, To wreak the guilt of mortal fins' ybent. But I don't fuppofe he writ fo. The fame remark might be made on that fimile, I. i. 23. As gentle fhepherd in fweet even-tide, &c. And on this, IV. iv. 47. Like as in fummer's day, &c. And on forty other places, where the fame want of connexion is to be found. Food, perhaps, is tor feud. B. II. i. 3. and VI. I. 26. we have deadly feud. The preterperfeft tenfe 6 katb REMAP,:: - - : tab ma is very proper here, to (hew how quick the lightning acts ; though I will not affirm that Spenler ufed it with that dehga. s T A N z. xi. As great a noife, as when in Cymbrian plain An herd of bulls, whom kindly rage doth fting, Do for the milky mother's want complain, And fill the fields with troublous bellowing. Bulls for cahcf is a catacbre/is 9 as the rhetoricians call it. KJodfy rage is $-cuoi, aeon-ding to nature. Spenfer often ufes the word fo. s T A N z. xxii. That down he tumbled ; as an aged tree, High growing on the top of rocky clift, Whofe heart-ftrings with keen fteel nigh hewen be; The mighty trunk half rent, with ragged rift Doth roll adown the rocks, and fall with fearful drift. Or as a calile, reared high and round, By fubtle engines and malicious flight Is undermined from the loweft ground, * her foundation fbrc'd and feebled quite ; H A: 102 REMARKS ON SPENSER. At laft down falls, and with her heaped hight Her hafty ruin does more heavy make, And yields itfelf unto the victor's might ; Such was this giant's fall, that feem'd to (hake The ftedfaft globe of earth, as it for fear did quake, Yields it-felfis a fmall inaccuracy, inftead of her felf. To the fall of the giant may be joined the defcription of the dragon's fall. I. xi. 54. So down he fell, that th' earth him underneath Did groan, as feeble fo great load to lift ; So down he fell, as an huge rocky clifr, \Vhqfe falfe foundation waves have vvauYd away, With dreadful poife is fr.om the main land rift, And rolling down, great Neptune doth difrmy; So down he fell, and like a heaped mountain lay. Homer, II. n. 482. ^lionri <?' Jf ors TH; $oZg 'He Ceddit autem, ficut quando aliqua qucrcus cadit, vel populi'.s, Vel pinus alta, quam in montibus fabn Excidcriint fici'.ribus recens-exacutis, navak lignum utfit, The author of the Ao-arl? 42 r . Cecidit Ezodfg, i Sic REMARKS C? *; IOJ m finr.-*! saa, esL Vbgfl, 3 Gmgtmast, .Ea. XH. 684. A- ixZaci ac.:.*zs faxes, It vcrtss* prsnefs Csg nstj&otfue, cvxft, Jem tmr&s&s Ftrfmr im sknptmm magts msms impnfas j&, j/fr fe&oi Jtzw, Armatim, v&afou 7e=rfcKf Jft-z. See aiib n. IX. 70$. VaL Flaccos, VL 383. XK tTKt, *t mmth Istms, at mt madam mni y fna&mit t/tma, tfft agate Surius, Thdx VH. 744. Sskil biems, *m 'C*3*Jbx mm ivrrtmlu <mm& timar, , toc&myxe oroajha txvs* / . Lmcafctst, oat msim vctttnfet 104 REMARKS ON SPENSER. IX. 53*. Procumblt, Getico quails procumbit In Sen Bore<e furiis, putri feu robore qnercus Ccelo mlxta comas, ingentemque aera laxat. lllam nutantem nemus, et mom ipfe tremifdt 9 ^ua tellure cadat, quas obrv.at ordinefilvas. 554- Ruit kaud alio quam celfa fragore lurnSf libi innumeros penitus quaflata per \5lus Labilu^, effriiffamque aperit vicloribus url>ew. Seneca, Here. Fur. 1046. Fkxa. genu jam tot us ad t err am ruit : Ut cxfafilvis or nut, aut port us man Datura moles. s T A N z. xxvii. What hath poor virgin, for fuch peril part, Wherewith you to reward ? Accept therefore My fimple felf, and fervice evermore : And He that high does fit, and all things fee With equal eyes, their merits to reftore, Behold what ye this day have done for me, And what I cannot 'quite, requite with ufury. So Virgil, ^Bn. I. 604, Grates perfolvere dignas. NO 'i op is eft nofii\c ~ Dii :;s cv SPEXSEP. 105 Da /#/", f qua pios njp&axt 9xm*xa 9 fi <pdd Ufautm JMpitl* ej, tt maufJri confcia rtcu 1- _: ..; .:> .; /. .:;:. : is not to be fuppofed he took it from Virgil, the thought being very common and obvious. s T A x z. xxx. creeping crooked pace forth came An old old man, with beard as white as fnow. M old old max. The Greeks would fay, much in the fame manner, yfyn =*xV Ariftophanes Achara. 677. voXou** vftc&ns, Juftin Martyr, PiaL y*ifc vafreuv, Homer. 5 T A N Z. XXXVI. And there befide of marble done was built An altar, carVd with cunning image . On which true Chriftians blood was often fpilt, And holy martyrs often doen to^die, With cruel malice and ftrong tyranny : Whofe blefled fprites from underneath the ftpnc To C cngeance cry continually. From the Apocalypfe, vi. 9. .//>:; s<*^- - ? Y alia : Jlain for the word of God, jutdfor tbe tefiiaioiy ivb'^b tb<y field. jSxd tkcf crifd Io6 REMARKS ON SPENSER. with a loud voice, faying, How long, O Lord, holy end true, doft thou not judge and avenge our blood on them float dwell on the earth f 6T A N Z. XLIV. Fair lady, then faid that victorious knight, The things that grievous were to do, or bear, Them to renew, I.wote, breeds no delight; Beft mufic breeds delight in loathing ear : But th* only good that grows of parTed fear, Is to be wile, and ware of like again. This day's enfample hath this leflbn dear Deep written in my heart with iron pen, That blifs may not abide in flate of mortal men. I cannot think thatSpenfer ever intended to write thus. His argument requires directly the con' trary ; Even the beft mujtc breeds no delight in a loathing ear, much lefs can it be agreeable to dwell upon this mclan.-< choly'fubjccl. Pbfnbly he intended, Beft mvjic breeds diflike in loathing ear, and delight is either a flip of his pen, or a fault of the printer, occafioned it may be by the word delight being in the line before. Iron MARKS OK SPZKSER. Iron pen is taken from Job six. 23, 24. O wy words 'ssere 'tuna written !tkat ioey were grebe* Siitb an irompen! c A N- r o ix. 26. Then (hall I you recount a rueful cafe (Said be) the -which with th eye I late beheld ; and had not greater grace om it, had been partaker c/the place, Perhaps it might be better : i.e. " I fhould have killed myfelf in tnefame place 5?here I fa\v another kill himfelf." See what follows. S T A N Z. XXXIX. envious man, that grieves at neighbour's good, Ji fond, that joyed in the woe thou haft, . for rir^. This inaccuracy is. very fre- quent in Spenier. So ii?/tfor doydidteTdiJji, drive for &d drive, for batb tigbud', .cccvr&tg decree, for dearte ; confound for : term of life is limited, Ne may a man prolong nor (horten it : The foldier may not move from \vatchiul fted, Nor leave his ilaad, until his captain bed. Stai Io8 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Sted is place yjiation. Plato, Phsed. 'n? tv T 1 OTdpntat xat Je? >i taulcv tx TauT*u Cicero De Senofl. 20. F>/^/ Pythagoras injuflit iwperatoris, id eft, dei, de pr^e/idlo et fiatwne vttte dece- dere. Somn. Scip. 3. N'l/iDeusis, ctijus hoc tern- flam eft omne, quod confpicis, iftls te corporis ci'fiodiis liber aver It, buc tibi adit us pat ere non poteft. Quarc ft tibi, (t pi is omnibus retinendus ejl animus In ekftodia corporis : nee .injuflu ejus, a quo Hie eft vobis datus, ex kominum vita migrandiun e/l } ne munus kumanum af~ a, Deo defitgifle videaminl* S T A N Z. XLVIII. And to his frefh remembrance did reverie The ugly view of his deformed crimes. In the imperfedt Gloflary to Spenfer we find : /,- vcrfe (Lat. revertcre) to return. But here, to reverfc hgniiies not to return, but to caufe to return. C.A N T Q X. 53. That blood-red billows like a walled front llood-rcd billo-jus. So he calls the waves of the Red fea. Seneca REMARKS ON 5PEXSER. Seneca, Thyeft. 372. $*i rwbri vada li torts, Et gemma mare luddum. Late fmigtuniMM taunt. 3 T A X Z-. 1 * f I fee," fays the Red-crofs knight to his guide, <f that the New HieruGdem infinitely furpaes Cleopolis, which I ufed to think was the fineft of all cities." Mod true, then laid the holy aged man* Yet is Cleoplis, for earthly fame, The faireft piece that eye beholden can : And well befeems all knights ofnoble name, That covet in th* immortal book of fame To be eternized/ that fame to haunt. I would read : for earttly frame. c A N T o xr. of a dragon : B . : aH fo foon as he fro:* Thole glulri: -.. :hat heaven with ligHt did fill, He roas'd himfelf full With, and haflned them until. tlO REMARKS ON SPENSER,, Statius, Theb. V. 556. turn fquamea demum *Torvus ad armorum radios, frem'iti'.mquc virorunt Calla movet* STANZ. xin. in either jaw Three ranks of iron teeth enranged were. Ovid. Met. Ill, 34. triplici Jlant or dine dentes. S T A N Z. XLVI. There grew a goodly tree him fair befide, Great God it planted in that bleifed fted With his almighty hand, and did it eall , The Tree of Life 1 , the crime of our firft father's fall. Why does he call the Tree of Life, The crime of our frjl father's fall? * e ANTC? * The queftion fo propofed, while it incites attention, deferves an attempt at leaft to refolve it ; andfummi/d <voce agerem, tantunt ut Judex attdlat. The line might be broken thus : The Tree cf Life, the crime of our frfi father's fjfl. They are not the words of the Almighty, but a reflection of the Poetj who', by metonymy, calls the Tree in queftion, " The CRIME," quajl caufb criminationis ; i.e. the incentive, or moving caufe of Adam's offence. Stephens, in his Thefaurus, Ling. Lat. fays " Crimea etiam dicitur, I+fa crirmnatio, five criminvm Accufatio-" and cites Cicero in Philipp. " Hrcreditatem milu negilli obveniffe, Udnam hoc tuum crimen eflet." St. Paul 1 II CANTO 211*42 Now ftrike your (ails, Sec. And in die firit Stanza of this Canto : Behold, I fee the haven nigh ar hand. This metaphor is often ufed by ancient poets, Statins, Theb. XIL 809. El mtajam Is^o r:. -if&Te $3 : Silv. IV. iv. 89. *- -.T, KM *;- >*s - REMARKS ON SPENSER- Virgil. Georg. IV. 116. Atque equidem, extreme ni jam Jub fine labor mn Vela trabam, et terns fejllmm advertere proram ; Where fee Servius. Juvenal, I. 149. - Utere veils : Totes pande Jinus* Sidonius, Carm. XXIV. 90. Sed jam fufficit, ecce linque portum, Ne te pondere plus premamfaburrtf, His in verfibus ancoram levato. Jam per alternum pelagus loquendl Egit audacem mea cymba curfum ; Nee bipertito timuit flucnto Fleftere clavum. Solvit antennas, &c. Carm. II. 537. At mea jam nimii propellunt carbafa flatus* Ovid, Art. Amat. I. 779. Hie teneat nqftras ancorajaRa rates. So Art. Amat. III. 784. Remed. 811. Nemefian, Cyneget. 58. talique placet dare lintea cur<? 3 Dum non magna ratis, vicinisfueta moveri Litoribus, tutofae finus percurrere remis Nunc HEMARKS ON SPEXSER. Xwcpriimnn dat vela Notis, fcrtufyue fdekx Linqult, et Hadnacas audit tentare proceOas. Profe writers ufe the fame metaphor. BOOK II. CANTO i. 8. Speaking of a Nymph purfued by Faunus : At laft, when failing breath beggn to faint, And law no means to fcape, of mame afraid, She fat her down to weep for fore conftraint j And to Diana calling loud for aid, Her dear befought, to let her die a maid. The Goddefs heard, Somewhat like the ftory of Arethufa in Ovid, Met.V. 6iS. Fejfi labor c fug*, Per opem, deprendimur 9 inytam^ Armiger*> Difynna, Jv* : M>ta dea eft. S T A K Z. XXII. As when a bear and tyger being met In cruel fight on Lybick ocean wide, The propriety of the phrale Lfoick Ocean will not be perceived by every reader. By it he means the I Sy::e5, 1 14 REMARKS ON SPENS.ER. Syrtes, of which fee the defcription in Lucan, IX. 303. Syrtes, vel primam man do Naturafguram Cum daret, in dubio pelagi terrrfque reliquit, &c. s T A N z. xxxix. At laft, when luft of meat and drink was ceas'd, Homer, II. I. 92. 'Aulac ITT'} srcVi^ J >tj s^TJ^ ^ *oo^ two. St-t? pojlquaw potus et clbi defiderium exemerant, Virgil, >En. VIII. 184. Ptflquam sxempta fames, et amor compress eJeudi* S T A N Z. XLVI. Night was far fpent, When of his piteous tale he end did make; Whilft with delight of what he wifely fpake, Thofe guefis beguiled, did beguile their eyes Of kindly fleep, that .did them overtake. In Homer, OdyC A. 333. when UlyiTcs had related his, travels, the Poet adds: Si REMARKS ON SPENSER. 1*1*5 Sic ait : bl autem omms quietifoSi paitflmtio ; VolitptaU autem tenebantw per domum objcuram. C A X T O III. II. Who feeing one that fhone in armour fair. This is Braggadochio, who had juft before ftolen ahorfeand a fpear. Tbe'poet here drefies him in armour, though he leaves us at a loft to guefs how he came by it, and though afterwards he re- prefents him as unann'd. The fame fort of ob- lenradon might be made on feveral places of this Poem. STAN Z. XVI. Dotard (faid he) let be thy deep advife; Seems thai through many years thy wits thee fail, And that weak eld hath left thee nothing wife. Virgil, ^n, VII. 440. Sed te viffajitx veriqut fftta fefutfus Cttris TUHadnam exarcst. Claudian, Bell. Get. 521. mentis iiwps fraudatotpe finfiku atas. Ovid. Met. VI. 37. Mentis tneps, lengaqvc vms coxfeffa fauffa, Et mmium vixiffe Mm xccef. S T A K 2 ," Il6 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. XXIII. So paffing piercant, and To wondrous bright, As quite bereav'd the rafh beholder's fight* In flead of bereaved him of fight. So V. iv. 10. Thinking to have her grief by death bereav'd. V. v. 37. Thro* which fhe might his wretched life bereave. s T A N z. xxxi. Such as Diana, by the Candy Ihore Of fwift Eurotas, or on Cynthus green, Where all the nymphs have her unwares forlore, Wandreth alone with bow and arrows keen, To feek her game : or as that famous queen Of Amazons, whom Pyrrhus did deftroy, The day that firft of Priam fhe was feen, Did (hew her Celf in great triumphant joy, To fuccour the weak ftate of fad afflicted Troy. Virgil, JEn. I. 502. Quails in Eurof* ripfs, autperjvga Cyntbi Exercet Diana chores.' I know REMARKS ON SPENSER. II ; I know not what authority our Poet had to call Eurotas fwift, unlefs perhaps that of Statius, who calls him torrens y Theb. VIII. 432. Hie et mtnte Lacon^ crudi torrentis alumnus He tells us, I ".rnthefilea was flain by Pyrrhus : all the ancient 'writers fay, by Achilles-, except that trifler; called Dares Phrygius, whom Spenfer fhould not have followed. STAN Z. XXX 1 1. When me at laft him fpying thus befpake ; Hail, groom ! didfl thou not fee a bleeding hind, Whofe right haunch earft my fledfaft arrow flrake ? If thou didft, tell me, that I her may overtake. Wherewith reviv'd this anfwer forth he threw ; O Goddefs ! (for fuch I thee take to be) For neither doth thy face terreftrial (hew, Nor voice found mortal, &c. From Virgil, JEn. I. 325. Ac pricr, Heus, inquit^jtrjenes, mon/lrate, &:. O, quamtc memcrem? virgo? namoue baud, tibi unltus Mart alls, nee vex bominem fonat. O, dea certe! s T A K z . xxxv. But lo! my lord, my liege, whofe warlike name Is far renown'd through many bold emprife. One would think it fhould be many a bold emprife ; II 8 REMARKS ON SPENSER. as I. I. i. marks of many a bloody field. III. vi 1 1. 12: many a cojily ornament. IV. i. 9. many a lovely dame. 29. gather* d many a day. IV. in. 38. many a gorgeous ornament. IV. iv. 17. in many a battle. 26. many a warlike fwain. IV, xi. 36. many a land. V. v. 21. wavy # *y. VI. vn. 29. *#? <z wight. VI. xn. 33. flw#y # forged lie. Shep- herd's Caleod. many a weedy &c. &c. But II. i x x. i^. we find, And oft approv'd in many bard aflay. And VI. vi. 4. And proved oft in many perilous fight. S.T A N z. . XLI. Speaking of Honour, he fays, Before her gate high God did fweat ordain, And wakeful watches ever to abide : But eafy is the way, and paffage plain Tp Pleafure's palace; it may foon be fpy'd : And day and night her doors to all {land open w ide. Hefiod, E^y. 287. IdfUTOt Sto] TffOOTTsipQ&tV w^ wr Mflitiam REMARKS ON SFENSER. 1 ^9 Malitiam quidem cumulatim etiam capers Facile eft : brrjis quippe via eft^ ft in proximo habitat* Ante virtutem vero fudorem Dii pcfuerunt Immortales. Lcnga vero atque ardua via eft ad illam, Primumque afpcra. s T A J T z. XLII. The foolilh man Thought in his baftard arms her to embrace : I ufed to think it fliould be daftard. But Spenfer feems to ufe baftard for mcan y contemptible. So I. vi. 24. To baniih cowardife and baflard fear. CANTO IV. 4. The Poet thus defcribes Occafion : And him behind, a wicked Hag did ftalk, In ragged robes, and filthy difarray : Her other leg was lame, that (he no'te walk,. But on a ftaff her feeble fteps did (lay : Her locks, that loathly were and hoary gray, Grew all afore, and loofly hung unroll'd ; But all behind was bald, and worn awav, That none thereof could ever taken hold, And eke her face ill-fa vour'd, full of wrinkles old. Phsedrus, V. 8. Occafio depidta. Curfu volucri pendens in n<r:actt!a Cahus, cemofa front e^ nudo corport 9 I 4 I2O REMARKS ON SPENSER.. Quern ft cccuparis, teneas: elapfumfemel Won ipfepoffit Jupiter reprehendere*> Occafionem rerumfignijicat brevem. Effeftus impediret ne fegnis mora y Finxere antiqui talem effigiem In the Anthologia : r > . <ru SI, r(q ; Kai^oj o ixoivSxpoiTUf. TT/? J' tV axpas (SiSrjxaf ; at! Ttfop^aw. T/ Hoa-irlv ff cratnif o'jT H ^ xo ( u, TI X5JT* c^/iv N>i Ai'a' ra ^OTTJ^EV B Tcy ^a'p Kiroi^ uflwo'tirt srapaS'pE^ai'Ia ^t src<nriu, O?TIJ 3"' Ipticuv Jpa^trat tfcci-rr&tv* o TI%V[TY!<; y\ aitTrXourev iivwiv J/XE Which Bergius thus tranflates : ^^if patrta artifici ? Sicyon. Quid nominis autetn ? Lyfippus. Qu tit? Occa/io cunffa domans. Cur rotuU inftftis ? circumferor ufque. >uid alas Slffixti pedibus ? me levis aura rotat. Cur dextra eft infer t a novacula ? Scilicet anceps Ceffantes acies hjc wea fern neyuit. Quid REMARKS ON SPENSER 121 Quid trim fa amtemfrons men/trot* mt ofaia prater. Cur cahum forte ejt pcfteriore caput ? uodfemel oblatam <pn me permittit airir:, CffpU ei in relianum nan datur ntta mei. Ingemofa, manus talem tiki me dedit, befpcs, Ut jiaj ijtis camfiu ad im&iis. Aufonius, Epigram. XII. In fimulacrum Occafionis et Poraitentiz. CUJMS cpus ? Plidi*, qjufigmtm Pallados, QMS* guiqtu JsKtm fecit. Tfrtia palma ego fttm. Sum den* qx* rara, et paucis Occafio net*. <$md rotuU imfiflis ? Stare loco juqmn. gad ttlaria babes? Volucris fum. Meratrius an* Fort***re fciet, lord* ego, qxxmvM. Crate ttgis fatiem. Copufci xtlo. Sed beta t* Occtpiti caho es. Ne temear fupens. %** tibi ju*8* anus? Dicdt ttiri. Die rogo aiueju Sum dea^ ad nemen nee Cicero ipfe dedit. Sumdea qa*tfa&i, nan faSique exigo pantos; ffempe nt penitent, Jic Mctaneea vtcor. T* mode die, quid &gat tetnm ? fi quad* volavi, H*c marM. Hone rexsait, qnos eg* pr*terii Tu qucque, dam rogitas^ dum percent ando mararis 9 ELtpfam, dices me tiin de mambns. See the Commeautors oa Pfcsedms and Aufonius. ST ANZ. 1 22 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. XIV. XV. Gnyon binds Furor : And both his hands faft bound behind his back, And both his feet in fetters to an iron rack. With hundred iron chains he did him bind, And hundred knots that did him fore conftrain; Yet his great iron teeth he ftill did grind, And grimly gnam,threatning revenge in vain, Sec, Virgil. JEn. I. 298, Furor impius intus S*va fedens fuper arma, et centum vinfttts aenis Pojl tergum nodis, fremet borridus ore crucnto. S T A N Z. XVIII. Our felves in league of vowed love we knit : In which \ve long time, without jealous fears, Our faulty thoughts continu'd, as was fit. So Hughes's Edit, and Fol. Ed. 1679. It fliould be: Qt faulty thoughts 5T A N Z- IARKS ON SPENSER. 12 J S T A N' Z. XLV. Vile knight, That knights and knighthood doft with (hame upbray, And fhew'ft th' enfample of thy childifh might, \Vi:h filly weak old woman thus to fight ; Great glory and gay fpoil fare haft thou got. Alluding to Virgil, ^En. IV. 93. : .am vero laudem effpolia ampla refcrtis^ Tuque puerque tnus, magnum et memorable nomex* Una dolo Di'sumfijcemina vifta duorum eft. CANTO V. 10. Like as a lion, whofe imperial powre A proud rebellious unicorn defies, T' avoid the ram aflault and wrathful ftowre Of his fierce foe, him to a tree applies, And when him running in full courfe he fpies, He flips afide ; the whiles that furious beaft His precious horn, fought of his enemies, Strikes in the llock, ne thence can be releaft, But to the mighty vidor yields a bounteous feafh Shakefpear,Timon of Athens. " Wert thou the unicorn, pride and wrath would confound thee, and make thine own felf the conqueft of thy fury." And 124 REMARKS ON SPENSER. And in Julius Casfar : For he loves to hear That unicorns may be betray 'd with trees, And bears with glafles, &c. CANTO V. 12. With that he cry'd, Mercy, do me not die, Ne deem thy force by Fortune's doom unjuft, That hath (maugerher fpight) thus low melaidin duft A Friend of mine thinks it might be : Ne deem thy force, but Fortune's doom unjuft, That bath Deem it not to le thy force, but the unjujl doom of Fortune, that hath overthrown me. Do not afcribe it to thyjtrength, but to unjujl Fortune. Spenfer here fays : Mauger her fpight. And again, III. v. 7. But froward fortune, and too froward night Such happinefs did (maulger) to me fpight. Perhaps he ufes mauger in thefe places, as an imprecation, Curfe on it f Thefe are propofed as uncertain conjectures. In III. iv. 15. and in other places he ufes mauger in the common way, mauger the?, for infyight of thee : but again he ufes it in a different way, IV. iv. 40. s T A N z, REMARKS ON SPENSER. t2$ T A N Z. XV. ::hers overthrows, ivbofe felf doth overthrow. What if we {hould read ? Vain others overthrows who's felf doth overthrow. In i-ain he overthrows others, who bis (or him) felf doth overthrow. But perhaps it is as Spenfer wrote it. S T A K Z. i'XXI. And on the other fide a pleafant grove Was (hot up high, full of the (lately tree That dedicated is t' Olympick Jove, And to his fon Alcides, when as he Gain'd in Nemsea goodly victory. It is not eafy to know what Spenfer had in his mind here. At the Olympick games the victors were crown'd oleaftro,feraolii'a, fays Statius; at the Nemsean games, apo. I know of no vidtory which Hercules gained in Nemea, except his killing the lion there. Hercules was crowned oleaftro at the Olympick games. His favourite tree however was the poplar ; and probably this is the tree of which Spenfer fpeaks. Natalis Comes I. 9. Serif turn eft a Paujanid in prioribus Eliacis, in Jovis O^tnpji fane, ubi magi- jiratus 126- REMARKS ON SPENSER Jlratus nigro ariete faciebant, dabatur vati, fed ccllum tanium lignatori more ma- jorum ; mandatum fui/e negotium lignatori ut ad facrorum ufum ligna certo pretio daret, vel publics twit ati bus > vet privatim cuilibetj qu<e ntin erant ex alia arbor e, quam ex alba populo', qui honor habitus eft arbori, quod earn Hercules e Thefprotide primus in Graciam portavit, quam ad fluvium. dcberuntem Ihefprotidis reperit, cujus etiam lignis femora crcmavit. STAN Z. XXXVI. Up, up, thou womanifli weak knight, That here in ladle's lap entombed art, Unmindful of thy praiie and proweft might. Virgil. ^En. IV. 265. Tu nunc Cartkaginis alt<e Fundamenta locas y puhhrawque -uxerius wleui Exfiruis, beu, regni rerumqiie oblite tuarum. CANTO VI. 15. Speaking of fruits and flowers : \Vhilft nothing envious Nature them forth throws Out of her fruitful lap. Lucretius, REMARKS ON SPENSER. Lucretius, V. 34. ****! ommku ommalargt iff A peril ^ Natvrsfut d*dda rentm. 5 T JL If 2. XVI. The Lilly, lady of the flowring field, The Flower-de-luce, her lovely paramour, Bid thee to them thy fmitkfs labours yield, - d foon leave off this toilfom weary ftour : Lo ! lo ! how brave (he decks her bounteous bowet With filken curtains and gold coverlets, Therein to flirowd her fumptuous Belamour, Yet neither fpins nor cards, ne cares nor frets, But to her mother Nature all her care (he lets. A manifeft alluGon to thofe facred words : Cenfider the hues of the field bow they grow, tbty toil not, neither do tbeyfpi*. The poet ought not to have placed them where he has. Shakefpear, King Henry VIII. Like the Lily, That once was mrftrefs of the field, and flourifh'd* HI hang my head, and perilh. s T A x z. Wo worth the man, That firft did teach the curfed fteel to bite In his own fleih, and make way to the living fpright. . 8 Tibullus, 128 REMARKS ON Tibullus, I. XI. I. Quis fuit, horrendos primus qui protulit enfcs ? QuamferuSy et vereferrcus illefuit ! CANTO VII. l6. But later ages pride (like corn-fed fleed) Abus'd her plenty^ and fat-.fvvoln encreafc To all licentious lufL Alluding perhaps to Deuteronomy xxxiL 15. But Jefurun waxed fat, and kicked. S T A N Z. XV. But would they think with how fmall allowance Untroubled nature doth her felf fuffice, &c. Lucan, IV. 377. Difcite quam parvo liceat producers wit am, Et quant urn Nat ur a pet at. S T A IT Z. XVII. Then 'gan a curfed hand the quiet womb Of his great grandmother with fteel to wound ; And the hid treafures in her facred tomb With facrilege to dig. Ovid, Met. I. 138. Itum eft in vifcera terr<e : Quafque recondiderat, Stygiifque admoverat umbris, fcffodiuntur opes, irritamenta malorum* 5 T A N Z. REMARKS ON SPENSE1. 1*9 S T A X Z. XXI, &CC. At length they came into a larger fpace, That ftretch'd It felf into an ample plain, Through which a beaten broad highway did trade, That (freight did lead to Pluto's griefly reign. By that way's fide, there fat infernal Pain, And faft betide him fat tumultuous Strife, The one in hand an iron whip did ftrain, The other brandifhed a bloody knife ; And both did gnaCh their teeth, and both did threaten life. On th* other fide, in one confort there fate Cruel Revenge, and rancorous Defpight, Difloyal Treafon, and heart-burning Hate : But gnawing Jealoufy, out of their fight Sitting alone, his bitter lips did bite; And trembling Fear dill to and fro did flv, And found no place where fafe he mroud him might; Lamenting Sorrow did in darknefs lie, And Shame his ugly face did hide from living eye. And over them fad Horror, with grim hue, Did always foar, beating his iron wings ; And after him owls and night-ravens flew, The hateful meflengers of heavy things, K~ Of REMARKS- ON SPENSER, Of death and dolour telling fad tidings ; Whiles fad Celeno, fitting on a clift, A fong of bale and bitter forrow fings, That heart of flint afunder would have rift : Which having ended, after him (he flieth fwift. All thefe before the gates of Pluto lay, By whom they paffing. fpake unto them nought.- At -laft, him to a little door he brought, That to the gate of Hell, which gaped wide, Was next adjoining, ne them parted ought : Betwixt them both was but a little ftride, That did the houfe of Riches from Hell-moutl divide. Before the door fat felf-confuming Care, Day and night keeping wary watch and ward, For fear left Force or Fraud ihotild unaware Break in, and fpoil the trcrifure there in guard Ne wouia he fuffer Sleep once thitherward Approach, albe his drowfy den were next : For next to Death is Sleep to be compar'd ; Therefore his houfe is unto his annext : Here Sleep, there Riches ; and Hell-gate them botl betwixt. Compare this with the following paffages. Virgil, JEu.VI. 273. Veftibuliim ante ipfum primifque in fauclbus Or.ci, Lufius, et ultrices pofuere cubilia Cnr<e ; 5 Fallen! ej'qii* REMARKS ON SPENSER. 1^ Pa&Utfque bo**** Mor&, Irififae SentSFxs, Et Metts, ft makfiuam Femn* ef txrpis Egefus, Tar&tia vijx form*: Letbnmqte^ Labcnpu: Tarn t**fo*tttnnu Letbi Sopor, ft mala mentis Ganata, mortifcrvmqxe adzcrfo Ffrra'qtu Enmcmidvm tbaiami^ et Difeer&a demau Viper fum crixtm rittu.auuxa cntatiis. ^-acs has taken nonce cf Seneca, Here. Fur. 6S6. Polos aurtisfeda Co<ytij<K!: , fSf vyJtter, iUic InSifer bubo gemit^ Omemyu trijbrefmuit i*fa*ftx ftrigis ; Hsrrtnt opaca fronde xjgraxtss cvm* % Tax* imminent e ; qmam tenet fegms S*ter> Famefjue mgfta tabula riSnjaceiu ; Pudfrqtu fens confdes vabus Uglt : Mctus, ftawrfvr, Ftnaes % etfrendeiu Dolor, Ateroue Lxffiu feqyiher, ft Morbms tr emeus y Et cinffaffrro Bella : :s extreme ab&ta Inen Sateftes adjwvat baculc gradum* Ibid, 96. Siounquf lambens fangninem Impietas f Errerfitf, ef in jc jeasper armmtus F*rtr. Idez:. Oedip. 590. - ;*.TU Farcr, f. (t unaqxicquid *itrr. tri&Kt K 2 l$Z REMARKS ON SPENSER. Celantqtte tenebr*; Luttus evellens com am Mgreque lajfum fujlinens Morbus capuf, Gratis Seneftus fibimet, et pendens Metus. Statius, in his defcription of the houfe of Mars, Theb. VII. 47. Primis falit Impetus amens Eforibus^ cacumque Nffas, Ir<eque rubentes, Exfangucfque Metus, occultijque enfibus adftant, Infid'ne^ geminum^ue tenens Difcordia ferrum. Innumeris ftrepit aula Minis. TriftiJJima Virtus Stat medio, l<tufqus Furor, 'Vidtuque cruento Mors armata fedet. Claudian, in Ruf. I. 30. Nutrix Difcordia belli, Lnpericfa Fames, leto vicina Seneflus, lm$atitnjque fui Morbus , Livorqite fecundis Anxius, et fcijjo mcerens velamine Luffus, Et 'Timor , e t caco pr<ceps Audacia vultu, Et Luxus populator opum, quern femper adh<erens Infelix humili grejjii comitatur Egeftas ; Faedaque Avariti* complex* peftora matris Jnfomnes longo veniunt examine Cur<e. Laflantius, or whoever is the author of the poem de Phoenice, v. 15. Non hue exangues morbi, non <egra fenetfus, Nee mors crudelis^ nee metus afper adit j Nee fcelus infandum, nee opum vefana cupido, Aut Mars, aut ardtns cadis amors furor. REMARKS ON SPENSER. LuSvs acerbus abtfi, et egefias obfita poods f Et cmr* infamneSj et vi olenta feats. Where Morbi, Senfffus, Mars, Metms, j Furor, Lucius, Egejtas, Cur*, Fames, (houid be in Capitals, they being all Pertbns. In what Spenfer fays of Celzno, he had Virgil in view, Ja. III. 2- .-. Una in prtcelfa cmfe&t rupf Cd*iu, JnfeUx vatfs, ntfitque bane peffcre vocem. " Pluto's griefly reign." Stanz. XXI. 4^ So Ovid, Met. X. 1 5. inanuna^uf regrta taentem Unzrarun Izmir.:-. ";. Virg. Georg. IV. 467. Aha cfiia Dirts, Et caligaxtem nigra fermutine Imaem Ingrefus, Ma*ifc adiit, Regcwfr trtmendum, s r A x z. xxix. But a faint fhadow of uncertain light ; Such as a lamp, whofe life does fade away : Or as the moon, clothed with cloudy night, Does (hew to him that walks in fear and fad affright. Virgil, Jin. VI. 268, Mart obfaari fob fib noBepcr vmtram, ua!t per incertam but**, fib luce m*&g** t Eft iter in films: ubi ceebtm eondidit umbra : : .ter, ft rebus nox abfiubt airz nlcrtm. K 3 I 7 A S 2. 1^4- REMARKS ON SPENSER. STAN Z. XXXVI. One with great bellows gather'd filling air, And with forc'd wind the fuel did inflame; Another did the dying bronds repair With iron tongs, and fprinkled oft the fame With liquid waves, fierce Vulcan's rage to tame ; Who maiftering them, renew'd his former heat. Some fcum'd the drofs that from the metal came ; Some ftir'd the molten ore with ladles great; And every one did fwink, and every one did fweat. Virgil, JEn. VIII. 449. Alii ventofis follibus auras Acc'tpiunt redduntque : alii ftridentia tingunt Mr a lacu. Gemit impofitis incudibus ant rum, See Homer, II. 2. 468. s T A N z. XLVI. Speaking of the daughter of Mammon : There, as in gliltring glory Ihe did fit, She held a great gold chain ylinked well, Whofe upper end to higheft heaven was knit, And lower part did reach to lovveil hell ; And all that Prefs did round about her fwell, To catchen hold of that long chain, thereby To climb aloft, and others to excell : That was Ambition, ram defire to fly, And every link thereof a ftep of dignity. 'Fofty, not explained in the GlofTary to Spenfer 3 is to/car, to afand. III. 11. 36. Love ^5 ON SI. Love can higher ftie Than reafon's reach. is, to afandy jpajeie, a ladder, ynjhel, a ftep. I have been told that they call a ladder afy in the north, bat pronounce iiftet. s T A x z. LI i. There mournful cyprefs grew in greateft ftore, And trees of bitter gall, and heben fad, Dead-fleeping poppy, and Cicuta bad, With which th' unjuft Athenians made to die Wife Socrates, who thereof quaffing glad Pour'd out .his life, and iaft philofophy To the fair Cririas, his dcareft belamy. He had no authority, I prefume, for what he :f Socrates and Cririas, Critias had been a difciple of Socrates, but he hated his matter. Here is the ftory, of which I fuppofe Spenfer had a con- fufed idea: uam me dtlfffat Tberamtnfs! iptam fJato aiumo eft ! etfi mm femus. cvm kgimgj, tamtn fern mJftrabiUter sir dams emcrttser. >ui cvm cen- jeffvs in career em iriginfa jujfu tjrarnwritm y L'tntmtm ut Jiticns olduxiftty rtKyutmfic efocub ejerit, utid refonaret : quo fonitu red&to, anidcns^ Propino, in- quit, hoc pulcro Critize, qui in eumftterat :. r,.;. r.: : :. _: K 4 $ T A v z, "136 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z LV. Here eke that famous golden apple grew, The which emongft the gods falfe Aie threw; For which th' Idaian ladies difagreed. He calls boldly, but elegantly enough, ladies > thofe goddeffes, quas pajtor viderat olim Idteis tunicam ponere verticibus. CANTO VIII. I. And is there care in heaven ? and is there loyc In heavenly fpirits to thefe creatures bafe, That may companion of their evils move ? There is : elfe much more wretched were the cafe Of men, than beafls. But O th' exceeding grace Of higheft God ! that loves his creatures fo, And all his works with mercy doth embrace, That blefied Angels he fends to and fro To ferve to wicked man, to ferve his wicked foe,, How oft do they their filver bowers leave, -i To come to fuccour us, that fuccour want? How oft do they with golden pinions cleave The flitting fkies, like flying purfuivant, Again REMARKS <*N SPENSER. 157 Againft foul fiends to aid us militant ? They for us fight, they watch and duly ward, And their bright fquadrons round about us plant, And all for lore, and nothing for reward : O whyuiould heavenly G od to men have fuch regard! Thefe arc fine lines, and would not fuffer by being compared with any thing that Milton hi* fud upon this fubject s T A x z. v-. Defcription of an Angel : Befide his head there fat a fair young man, Of wondrous beauty, and of freuieft years* Whofe tender bud to bloflbm new began. And flourilh fair above his equal pee: His foowy front curled with golden hairs, Like Phoebus' face adora'd with fanny rays, (hone ; and two lharp winged (hears, Decked with divers plumes, like painted jays, Were fixed at his back, to cut his airy ways, Like as Cupido on Idaean bill, When, having laid his cruel bow away, &c. Compare this with Milton's defcripdon of Sir wings he wore, to (hade His lineaments divine; the pair that clad Badi REMARKS ON SPENSER. Each flioulde; broad, came mantlingo'erhisbreaft With regal ornament j the middle pair Girt like a Harry zone his waift, and round Skirted his loins and thighs with downy gold, And colours dipt in heaven ; the third his feet Shadow 'd from either heel with feather'd maile : SJty-tinclur'd grain. 5 T A N Z. XI. And ftrifeful Atin in their ftubborn mind Coals of contention and hot vengeance tin'd. to tine is to light, to kindle. III. n i. 57- Her hearty words fo deep into the mind Of the young damzel funk, that great defire Of warlike arms in her forthwith they tin'd. III. vn. 15. No love, but brutiih luft, that was fo beaftly tinM. And in other places. But he often ufes it in a, different way. Sec IV. vn. 30. IV. xi. 36, II. xi. 21. and Milton, Par. Loft, X, 1075. 6 T A N Z. XVI. What hearfe orfteed (faid he) fhould he have dight, But be entombed in the raven or the kite ? Gorgias N S?EX Gorgias Leontinus called vujtun fai*g{ep*Ubrctt for u hich he incurred the in- dignation of Longimis; whether juftly or no I (hall not fay. There is a thought not very unlike it in Milton's Samfon Agoniftes, where Sarufon, complaining of his blindnefs, fays : To live a life half dead, a living death, And buried ; but, O yet more mifeiable I My ftlf my fepukkrc, a moving graves Buried, yet not exempt By privilege of death and burial From worft of other evils. Oid, Met. VI. 665. Fkt modo, feque ?ocat bufhim miierai)ile nati, s T A x z. L. Nought booted it the Paynim then to drive : For, as a bitturn in an eagle's claw, Thatlnay not hope by flight to fcape ah've, Still waits for death with dread and trembling awe; So he Ovid. Met. VI. 516. No* alitfr, quam cum pcditnu predator abends Dfpofiit mdo L'porem Jffiis alts in alto : ffuttajuga fft capto: fpefiatjua prxmia raptor.* VirgIL J4O REMARKS ON SPENSER. Virgil. JEn. XI. 721. facile accipiter Jaxo facer des ab alto Confequitur pennis fublimem in nube columbam, Comprenfamque tenet , pedibufque evifcerat ttncis ? Turn cruor, et votfe labuntur ab <ethere plum*. See a beautiful Fable in Hefiod, Ejy. 203. S T A N Z. LII. Fool, faid the Pagan, I thy gift defy: But ufe thy fortune as it doth befall. Virgil, ^n.XII. 932. liter e forte tua. S T A N Z. Guyon fays to the old Palmer : Pear Sir, whom wandering to and fro* I long have lack'd, I joy thy face to view. So Hughes's Edit, and Fol. Ed. 1679. But it ought to be Dear Sire. In this Canto the Palmer is often called Sire> as alfo in other Cantos of this Book. S T A N Z, ON STEN5ZS. S T A S Z. iv. And to die Prince vxtb JMBB^ reverence due, As to die patron of his fife, thus tod : I dare not affirm thatitlhoald be: A&tetlx Pnoa bowi&g widi rmanetef &K, Bat fee U. ix. 26. IL uc. 36. IV. ii. 23. IF III. :. I 1. .15. to her nidi reverence rare He humbly looted. C AKTO JX. 13. Some wira unwieJdr dobs, foose wiA long fpcars, Some nifty knives, foene (tares in fire warm'd. Starios, Theb. IV. Pars gtj* mam, fan nhnjemmst ~ _5, III. z~ le&Sa ieSa ttaaxs, el htfKs sgK dxrjtzs npdkstsr. 2n.TIL J. : ''. _" ": . : : .' .'.' .' / . . REMARKS ON Arrian Indie, c. 24. re ou ainwi Gwrvpa.)ilu[j.tvov TO a'ur iTroitE. Lanceas gercbant crqffhs, fex cubitos kngas. Cufpis ferrea von trat, fed igne tofta atque acuta eandem vim et efficaciam txjerebat. Herodotus, VII. 71. Ai'S-jfc St, -xfv /* iirav tp^ovlff, axov1oi<ri Jt iVtxauIoio-t ^ptw/xfvoi. Libycs autem corio armatl lire, acjaculis aditftls. So alfo the Myfi. c. 74. Propertius, IV. i. Mifcebant ufta pr*elia ntuiafude. s T A N z. xxi. But of thing, like to that ^Egyptian finlie, Whereof king Nine whilom built Babel tower. That is, like to bitumen, which why he calk Egyptian Jlime 9 I can't conceive. He might have faid, like to that Aflfyrian flime, S T A N Z. XLI* And ever and anon with rofie red The bafhful blood her fnowy cheeks did die, That her became, as polim'd ivory, Which cunning craftfman's hand hath overlaid With fair vermilion. From REMARKS ON SPENSER. From Virgil, JEn. XII. 64. dccepit vocem lacrimis Lavlnia matris, Flag rant is perfufa genas : cm pluriwus ignem Subjecit rubor, et cdefa&n per era cuatrrit. Indum fongulneo veluti violaverit oftro Si quis cbur, vel mixta rubent ubi lllia mult* Alba rofd : taks virgo dabat ore color es. V. in. 23. Whereto her bafliful fhamefac'dnefs yrought A great increafe in her fair blufhmg -face; As rofes did with lillies interlace. Homer. IL A. 141. 'fl; $* OTf T/f .:> r\ i quando aUqua tbur mulier purpv.ra, tinxfrit vel Caria, Claudian, R. Prof. I. 271. mveos infedt purp:< Per llquidas fttceenfa gettas : cajl^qnc +::Jor:s Hltfxtrf faces. Noa jlc dtcus ifftiU tittftitm, Lvdia Sidonio qiw& fcmina fuOtdrit oftro, Sfatras, Achill. I. 304. fas irilr&ta medulUs In vulfus, atque ora rtdit, luctmque genaritm ftxgtat 144 REMARKS ON SPENSER* TtxgMJt, et impulfum tenui fudore pererrat. Laftea Majjageta veluti cum pocula fufcant Sanguine puniceo, <uel ebur corrumpitur ofiro. Ovid. Amor. II. v. 34. At illl Confcia purpureus venit in ora pudor. Qttale rofe fulgent inter fua lllia rnixt* : Aut ubi cantath Luna laborat equis : Aut quod, ne longis fovefcere pojfit ab annis : Mtfoais Affyrium femina tinxit ebur. Met. IVi 330. ernbuife decebai. Hie color aprica pendentibus arbore pomh, Aut ebori tinfto eft, Many more pafTages of ancient writers. might be added, where thefe favourite comparifons occur. CANTO X. I, III. Who now ihall give unto me words and found, Equal unto this haughty enterprife ? Or who ftiall lend me wings, with which from ground My lowly verfe may loftily arife, Argument worthy of Masonian quill. This folemn invocation is fomewhat like that in Ovid, Faft. II. 119. Nv.nc miki millefonos, qttoque eft memoratus Acbilks, Fellem, Mseonide, peftus ineje tuum. Deficit ingenium, majoraque viribus urguent. liac mibi prxcipuo eft ore canenda dies. s T A N z. BH num. 145 A X Z. XT. Until a nation Did themfclves through all tac North dii>by Until that Locrbe, for bis realms defence, Did head againll chem make, and ftroog munificence $**re, Whether bv mataf /nag maapame be means, he tonmed iamtetf againft tnan ? S T A K Z. XTIII. The fecood Brute (the fecood both in name, And eke in fembbnce of his pumance great) Virgil, JBa. VI. 768. - : yd u mme rei&t SShoa JEmeos , poriterptetftt vdermn T .Aad^idiiweetlaence mollilM their fhibbora heans. Grid, de Pontp. IL ix. 47. EmiBit meres, K: fxli iff S T A S 2. '.146 REMARKS ON SPENSER. STANZ. XXXIV. In whofe fad time blood did from heaven rain. A prodigy not unfrequent, if you will believe ancient poets and hiftorians. STANZ. XLV. Then all the fons of thefe five brethren reign'd By due fuccefs, and all their nephews late. Nephews are nepotes, grandfons. Cornp. jiEn. 111.97, So before, II. vm. 29. Indeed, then faid the Prince, the evil done Dies not, when breath the body fkft doth leave; But from the grandfire to the nephew's fon, And all his feed the curfe doth often cleave. from the grandfire to the nephew's fon, to the third and fourth generation. So in many other places. STANZ. LVI. Or to Hyfiphir or to Thomiris. 7omyris it mould be, though it is likely enough that Spenfer might write it as it is printed. Bu he furely never intended Hyjtphil\ It ihould tx Hypfiphyle. STANZ MARKS OX S?l _>Ld, how firft Prane&cus did create A ~ IT.. ::" .T.I.- ;?:.-.; :::rr. :i-2.": :. :rv': : And then fiolc fiie ftoca hY*n, to aaimase His work, for which be was by Jove deprived Of life himfelf, and beart-ftrings of an eagle riVd. That Jupiter fiew PrsxfScns is a ficHon of our .'.-'. r~. : ' - ' - ' . r~. : ." .". r - ^ . i . . : . . . ~; : . . : :. -. : . . i _ . s S T A X 2. Liilll. Then ElSaor, wbr ig^ck iLill'd; He built bj sat upoa the ghfify iea A bridge of bfafs, wboie foam! beaTca's thm&dcr ieem'd to be. ^n. VL 585. D. :-'; , .^: ;-:.:.-_" -:."...: C." ;.'. QmeSmr He TKrHmi tqszs, et lamf&i- Pfr Groom prtvht, mtfaapepr EEs mitm Dfmims JErt et ormpcsmm p**f* junfo L z c A REMARKS ON SPENSER. CANTO XI. 4. Ere long, they rowed were quite out of fight, And faft the land behind them fled away. Virgil, Mn. III. 72. Provchimttr portu : terrxque urbefque recedunt. s T A N z. xi Likewife that fame third Fort, that is the Smell, Of that third troop was cruelly aflay'd : Whofe hideous fhapes were like to fiends of hell ; Some like to hounds, fome like to apes dlfmay > d i Some like to puttocks, all in plumes array 'd : difmafd is frightened. But I can hardly think that Spenfer ufes it here in that fenfe. Poffibly, by dlf- mayd or difmade he means ugly, ill-flaps d. In French malfait. Qnxre, Whether it fhould be a mif- made ? S T A N Z. XVIII. Speaking of a flood : And the fad hufoandman's long hope doth throw Adown the flream, and all his vows make vain. Ovid, Met. I. 272. Sternuntur fegetes, et deplorata colonl Votajacent\ longique tier it labor irrittts attni, J Virgil REMARKS ON SPENSER. 449 Virgil, Gcorg. I. 224. S T A N 2. XIX. The fierce Spumador, born of heavenly feed, Such as Laomedon of Phosbus* race did breed. Jupiter gave immortal horfes to Tros, which were afterwards pofie&'d by Laomedon. S T A K Z. XTXV, XXXVI. Thereby there lay An huge great (lone, which flood upon one end, And had not been removed many a day ; Some land-mark feem'd to be, or fign of fundry way. The fame he fhatch'd, and with exceeding fwaj Threw at his foe. Virgil, Mn. XII. 896, 901. Saoaa circamjpidt ingens: &jntm atfipm, ngensj campo pod forte jactkzt, Limfs agropofitus, Item ut tofccrwmt an - Ittt mam raptitm treptia tartpabat hi fojtem. Comp. Homer, II. *. 403. L 3 S T A N Z. 150 REMARKS ON SPENSER, S T A N Z. XLII. 'Twixt bis two mighty arms him up he fnatch'd, &c. The combat of Prince Arthur with Maleger is taken from that of Hercules with Anraus. Com- pare Spenfer with Lucan, IV. 693, &c. CANTO xii. 23. Bright Scolopendraes, arm'd with filver fcales, Mighty Monoceros, with immeafured tails. I would read, in the plural, as before. Mighty Monocerofes, with irameafur'd ta/'/j. So 11.x. 8. As far exceeded men in their immeafured mights. S T A N Z. XXIV. Huge Ziffius, whom mariners efchew No lefs than rocks (as travellers inform.) I fancy he means Xiphias. S T A N Z. XXV. All thefe, and thoufand thoufands many more, And more deformed monfters thoufand-fold, With dreadful noife, and hollow rombling roar, Came ruihing in the foamy waves enroll'd, Which feem'd to flie for fear, them to behold. Spenfer is very modeft here fee m V to file: though in other places he talks in another flrain. Racine, in REMARKS ON SPENSER. Ijl in his Pbcdre, A.v. Sc. vi. upon a fubject like this, lays, more boldly : dependant, fur k dos de la plaine liquid?, Sitirje a gros bouillons une moniagne bumide. L* onde approcbc, fe brife, et vomit a nosj Parmi dtsfots a" iatme, vn monftre furicux. front large eft arme de cor ties meaafantfs ; Tout fon corps eft cower t d* ecailles jaunijjantes. Jndomptabk taureau, dragon impst:. . Sa croupe fe recourse en rtpUs tortu; $es longs mugifiemens font trembler k rhage. Le Gel avec borreur volt ce monftre fain-age ; La Terre s'en emeut ; /' air en ejt //; Le Plot, qui T apporta, recule epouvante. You may fee, in fome editions of Boileau, what he and La Motte have faid upon thefe lines. s T A N z. xx:;i. Speaking of the Mermaids : They were fair ladies, till : ftriv'd With th* Heliconian Maids for maiflery; Of whom, they overcomen, were deprived Of their proud beauty, and th' one moiety Transform'd to fifli, for their bold furquedry : But th' upper half their hue retained ilill, And their f\veet fkili in wonted melody ; "Which ever after they abus'd to ill, T' allure weak travellers, whom gotten they did kill. It is plain by this, and by what follows, that L 4 Spcnfer 152 REMARKS OX SPENSER. Spenfer defigned here to defcribe the Mermaids as Sirens. He has done it contrary to mythology : for the Sirens were not part women and part fifties, as Spenfer and other moderns have imagined, but part women and part birds. They were the daughters of one of the Mufes, as fome relate. We learn from the Emperor Julian, that they con- tended with the Mufes ; but that the Mufes over- came them, took their wings away, and adorned themfelves with them, as with trophies, and in token of their victory. 'Ax^a *Jc a/xJpiJig^ T* reXwrnv wva-tv, c? raiV MaW? . vx. turu^wf jJ'ftv, uv 'in TO i* Epifl. XLI. The fame ftory is to be found in other authors j See Paufanias in Boeot. as cited in the Polyhiflor SymbolicHS of Caufilnus, Lib. II. . 77. p. 302, S T A N Z. XXXII, XXXIII. So now to Guyon, as he pafled by, Their pleafant tunes they fwectly thus apply'dj " O thou, fair fon of gentle Fairy, * That art in mighty arms moft magnify 'd u Above all knights, that ever battle try'd ; " O turn thy rudder hitherward a while :" With that, the rolling fea refounding foft, Jn his big bafe them fitly anfvvcred, &u Thk REMARKS OX SPEXSE*. 153 This fong of the Mennaids is copied from Homer, Odyff. M. 184. where the Sirens fay tq IJlyfles: 5 ' fy MW, flroXaaw* *OaWn>, N? xfljorm*, 1m NoVn* or* yi -am O decus Argolubtm, tptln jntppw JleZiis Uhjes, Aurlbm ut noftrospofis agnofccre cant us* Nam nemo b*c vnquam, &V. What follows in Spcnfer, With that the rolling fea refounding foft is rery beautiful ; and is his own invention, as for as I know. STAN z. xxxvu. Said then the Palmer; Lo! where does appear The facred foil, where all our perils grow ! Therefore,fir knight, your ready arms about you throvr, jTte Jacred Jail was the place where the En- chantrefs lived : therefore I conclude that by fared he means turfed, deferable, according to that ufe of the wordfjcfr. So V. xn. i. O facred hunger of ambitious minds, And impotent defire of men to reign ! " Sacred hu: 3 fames. " Impotent defire;" AS in Latin impotws rabies^ motui anim:, domhiatio, S TAN Z. 154 REMARKS ON SPENSER, S T A N Z. XLVIII. Speaking of the God who is called Genius : Therefore a god him fage antiquity Did wifely make, and good Agdiftes call. There is an AgdiJIls, of whom fee a flrange (lory in Arnobius, B. V. p. 158. and the notes of Elmenhorft. Spenfer's Agdiftes is in Natalis Comes. IV. 3. S T. A N Z. L. &C. Thus being entred, they beheld around A large and fpatious plan, on every fide Strowed with pleaiance, whofe fair graffy ground Mantled with green, and goodly beautify 'd With all the ornaments of Flora's pride,. Thereto the heavens, always jovial, Look'd on them lovely, (till in ftedfaft (late, Ne fuffred florm nor froft on them to fall, Their tender buds or leaves to violate; Nor fcorching heat, nor cold intemperate T' afflict the creatures, which therein did dwell ; But the mild air with feafon moderate Gently attempred, and difpos'd fo well, That ftill it breathed forth fweet fpirit and wholefome fmell. More HEM ARKS C ER. l 5 ; More fweet and wholeibme than the pleafant hill Of Rhodope He (ays, according to cuftom, mantled ~:ib green, &c. inftead of saw mzntkd. Methinks he (hould not have fingled out Rhodope, a mountain of Thrace, as an agreeable fpot. The ancients are againft him. Compare with Spenfer, Claudian's defcription of the Garden of Venus, Nupt. Hoa. and Mar. 51, 60. Hxnc tuque comities audent vefilre pruln* ; Hvnc vnti put/are tl taint ; bx*c LeJere nimbi. Liaatri* Vnerlyu vacaf. Pars acriar anm Exfxlat. JElcnipatft uubdgcxtia vcris. Intus rura imcant 9 maubus qm* fubla noUss PtrpctJ&m floreat Zeflyro amtcnta cobnd. Lucretius, III. 18. Sfdffquf qitutt: xas tuqut comcutiipu venti* me<pu nub ill nim&s Adffxrgtait, neqne nix aai concrfta pndad Can* cadau v'udat : femperqne Innnbllus stbfr . Integit, et large difujo Ixmiiu ridel. Which lines are an excellent tranflanon of Homer, Odvtt. Z. 42. Seealib Sklonhis. Cann. 11.407. S T A K Z, I5*> REMARKS ON SPENSER. ST A N Z. LXIV. Sometimes the one would lift the other quite Above the waters, and then down again Her plonge, as over-maiflered by might, Where both a while would covered remain ; Then fuddenly both would themfelvcs nnhele. To unbelt) not explained in the GlofTary, is in Spenfer to uncover, to expo ft to view. IV. v. 10. Next did Sir Triamond unto their fight The face of his dear Canacee unheal. s T A N z. LXV. Or as the Cyprian goddefs, newly born Of th' Ocean's fruitful froth, did firft appear; Such feemed they, and fo their yellow hair Cryftalline humour dropped down apace. Alluding to Venus eUuojUEvq. See Ovid, Art, Amat. III. 224. and the Notes. s T A N z. LXXIV. Ah ! fee the virgin rofe, how fweetly fhe Doth firft peep forth with bafhful modefly, That fairer feems, the lefs you fee her may : Lo ! fee foon after, how, more bold and free, Her bared bofom (he doth broad difplay ; Lo ! fee foon after, how fhe fades and falls away. So paffcth, &c. Compare this with Aufonius, Idyll. XIV. 23. F.EMAP.SS C SR. 15 ~ "Momentum intererat, 6sV. Qeam longa ma tics, *tas tarn loKga rcjanntg twspubefcenttsJKn8aJneta premit. Quam modo nafcenttm rutilus caxfpexit Ecus, Hanc re&exsfero vefpere vrit aattm. CoIIige, virgo, rofas, dumfos ncrcus, et nova pubes^ Et memor eflo tevumfc propcrars tzuat. It would be endlefs to colled all the poetical trifles that occur upon this {"abject. I (hall confiae iny- felf to this Epigram in the Anthologia : VM, Pa&xXziz, r'.h tW, /a^fi? T x^ Kal T Of which the following (already inferted in the 5 POETICI : See No. XII. Page 21.) is given as a Tranflation. bi b<ec y Rcdc.. :'.a ferta inrenti: Texuit bxcfolo doSa ab Amare mexus t Jianque rofamyts kgens, moll&aqu ammomm, et Indue :uix. Florwi tjfc asemfnto 9 PuLrior bh $ . :<& et brevior. s T A >* z 4 158 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. LXXVIII. like flarry light, Which fparkling, on the filent waves, does feem more bright. Horace : Lib. II. Od. v. 19. Iff pura nofturno renldct Luna marl. <c Silent waves." Undue ncZlun:a. Silence denotes night- time or midnight in the Latin Poets, when applied to the world, moon,Jlars,fea 9 feV. Though perhaps waves he means quiet; not violently moved. STAN Z. LXXXI. The account how Guyon and the Palmer took Acrafia in a net, is from the well-known (lory of Vulcan. S T A N Z. LXXXVI. The enchantrefs Acrafia is reprefented, like Circe in Homer, as changing men into beads. After Guyon had taken her Captive, " the Palmer," fays the poet, " ftruck the beafts with his ftaff, and they became men again." But one above the reft in fpecial, That had an hog been late, hight Grill by name, Repined greatly, and did him mifcall, That had, fromhoggifli form, him brought to natural. This is taken from a Dialogue in Plutarch, infcrib'd 1XMASSS ON SFEXSOL. 159 where Grtfaa, one of die companicfis of Ul rfies, transformed into a bog by Circe, holds a d&bouHie widi Ul jflcs, and rcfafcs to be reftorcd to bis human fhipe. BOOK ffl. S T A X Z. II. I _: ".". .r.r -" ~- ~ " ---'~. r-:: ^r~:: "f. Nor lifc-refcsabliag pendl k caa paint, A.. -=?:- : Ic-~. : . ;: '. :^. ...... 7 . ......: --: r.: r 1:1:;:. C A X T O I. 46. For fee was foil of amiable grace, ^Aod. OKUuir f '^ri P m.pf fnucc^i Tn^rry^^iTti^lL ClioiaiL, Cod". Pr. G OL 91. <snnK% f&Sxry* fsxn inhisvaT, calls kAirrar c A XT o ii. 27. AH tint foUoTTs, from this Seacza to tbc esd of :".? GIJ:::. .: ::-'.! :::~ '" :r "- ; C : :. .: : : ? fcis: aad manylioes in net poem are hoe tracfbted, ^ ..: .:::! ::: ~::i. ' STAXZ. l6a REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. XL VII. She, therewith well apaid, The drunken lamp down in the oil did fteep. Ciris. 344. Inverfo bibulum rejlinguens lumen olivo. Where fee Scaliger. " Drunken Lamp :" So Prudentius, CATHEM. ad incenfum cerei, 21. Vivax jkwima viget> feu cava teftula Succum linteolo fuggerit ebrio, Seu pinus plceam fert alimoniam, r Sen ceram tcretem faippa calens bibit. Martial, X. 38. - lucerna Ntmbis ebria Nicerotianis. Ariftophanes calls a lamp sroV/i? Xu^w*, Nub. 57, and it is a more proper metaphor to reprefent it as a great drinker, than as a great eater : Yet Alczeus T? TsroTaf AU^V? oiSrQoiyv? tTrrfv, fays Suidas on the word The antient Poets are fond of this metaphor. Claudian, Conf. Pr. etOl. 250. jam prcfluat ebriits amnls Mutatis in vina vadis, Sidonins, .REMARKS ON SPENSER. l6l SidonLos, Carrn. XV. 129. EJnia *fcjol*m fiirat aadylia JMX. ?: -e;::iu5, IT-:'. IT.C. 1044. OJfarft mamm vertktm, larbam grave* , Pittas madentes, atque amiSbts ebrios. Martial XIV. 154 Ebria Sidom* atrnfm df Jaxgmu conchy Nw video quart Jobri* la** voter. Homer. II. p. 389. 'Os fir' fro atm vtr taxri ham magm pcUtm Popxlu dedrrit dtfe*de*dam itniam plngaetu. So liaias, according to the verfion of the LXX. Chap. Iviii. 10. ^ Ira* ^ n^O* u5w. See Deut. xxxii. 42. Ifai. xxxhr. 7. So, on the other hand, Tibullus, II. i. 46. Mijuupie Jeooro jobrui fympba mero ejl. Starius, Silv.IV. n. 36. Umbrsvit caUts, et fabria mra Ly*us~ IV. in. u. $ui cjjl* Ccrtri m negate Rfdditjugfra, fobriafyu terras. M CANTO l6l REMARKS ON SPENSER. CANTO III. 29. Where thee yet fliall he leave, for memory Of his late puiflance, his image dead, That, living him, in all activity To thee fhall reprefent. That is; He, dead,foall leave tbee bis image. Or, Us image dead is, the image of kirn dead. When he dies, he fliall leave thee a fon, the image of himfelf. II. x. 34. His fon Rival his dead room fhall fupply. s T A N z. xxxu. Merlin gives an account to Britomartis of the illuftrious Britifh Princes that were to defcend from her*, and having mentioned Malgo, breaks out thus: Behold the man, and tell me, Britomart, If ay more goodly creature thou didft fee ; How like a giant in each manly part Bears he himfelf with portly majefty, That one of the old heroes feems to be! Thefe elegant lines are a diflant copy of what Anchifes fays in Virgil to ./Eneas, when he (hews him his poflerity. JEn. VI. 771, &c. 2<i juvenes, quant as oftcr.iant, afp'tce, lircs! Vidcn ut geminte Jlant vertice crift* t hit -'/;-, lie ejl, iibi quern promiHi f?pins audis, &c. S It KEMAXKS ON SFENSEK. 163 It "*g be ODfCu&LfD Spenier, that giciliu DOC c a|1 ^' n g IDC pofbcntT of Bntomartts to appeal be- fore her, but only gmisg her an account of them, 'tis a little violent to break out, Behold the man, &c. '' r.'~. '.~. r r M ; : r : ; r::~::~:.~i^:::;: _~ " i ~ ' : : ~ :; that rat before. He ufcs faa for / /t, ac- S T A 3T Z. Was never fo great wafte in any place, Nor fo foul outrage doen by living men; For afl thy cities they (hall feck and me, And the green graft, that grcnreth, therfliaUbien; That even the wild beaft (hail die in flarve4 den. Afinedefcripriiaf pttcrdffobtion isvafiiyboid; yet not to be coodemaed I think. S T A 5T Z. ILIII. After Merlin had given an accorattof theruia c: :hs feint; The Damzd was &H deep cmpafio^ed, Both for his grief, and for her peopie's &ke, Whofe future woes fo plain he dhioned; Aad fighing fore, at length him thus befpake, fcc. M ; 164 REMARKS ON SPENSER. This is natural and poetical. So Milton, Par, Loft, XI. 754. How did ft thou grieve then, Adam, to behold The end of all thy offspring, end fo fad, Depopulation ! thee another flood, Of tears and forrow a flood thee alfo drown'd, And funk thee as thy fons; till gently rear'd By th* Angel, on thy feet thou ftood'ft at laft, Tho' comfortlefs, as when a father mourns His children, all in view deftroy'd at once ; And fcarce to th' Angel utter'dft thus thy plaint. s T A N z. L, There Merlin ftay'd, As overcomen of the Spirit's power, Or other ghaftly fpectacle difmay'd, That fecretly he faw, yet n'ote difcouer : Which fudden fit, and half extatic ftour, When thofe two fearful women faw, they grew Greatly confufed in behaviour. At laft the fury paft ; to former hue /.><? turn'd again, and cheerful looks, asearft,didfliew. So Hughes's Ed. and Fol. 1679. But it ihould be, He turn'd again ; i. e. Merlin. CANTO REMARKS ON SPENSER. 165 C A X T O I v . 1 . For all too long I burn with envy fore, To hear the warlike feats which Homer (pake Of bold Penthefflee, which made a lake Of Greckifh blood fo oft in Trojan plain: But when I read, how ftout Debora ftrake Proud Silera, and how CamilT hath flain The huge Oriilochus, I iVeii v--l:h g:e^: difui!?.. He is miftaken about Pntb fplta, of whom Homer makes no mention. As to Orftodms be is right, . i, ^n. XI. 690. Profirats OrJSocIm, ft E*U*, duo maxim* Tctmm Corpora, fefr. ST AXZ. r. Then when I fliall my felf in fafety fee, A table for eternal monument Of thy great grace, and my great jeopardy, Great Neptune, I avow to hallow unto thee. " A Table:" tdndm vntroa. Horace, Cann, I. V. Fbtiva paries auBcat xrida Pefsmata marts deo. See Broukhufius on Tibiillus, L in. 28. M 3 I 66 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z . XV. I mean not thee intreat To pafs ; but mauger thee will pafs, or die. Milton, Par. Loft. II. 684. through them I mean to pafs, That be aiTur'd, without leave afk'd of thee. s T A N z. xix. . Who on a day Finding the Nymph afleep in fecret where, As he by chance did wander that fame way. Poflibly : in fecret, where As he by chance did wander that fame way. Spenfer perpetually ufes whereas for where. S T A N Z. XXIII. Shortly upon that more there heaped was Exceeding riches and all precious things, The fpoil of all the world; that it did pafs The wealth of th' Eafl, and pomp of Perfian kings. Milton, II. i. High on a throne of royal ftate, &c. S T A N Z. OX S T A V . ZXXv A Sea-Nymph finding her foo dad, in appear- Dear image of myfcif, (he (kid, duiis The wretched foo of wretched mother horn! Is this thine high advancement? O! is this Thy grandirc Noeos promisM to adorn ? There is a paflage not unlike dns in Stanus, Thcb. IX. 375. where a Nymph mourns for her fcn that was flaia: S T A K Z. XXXVIII. O ! what avails it, of immortal Iced j. : r-rtr. vrrcc. 2JL n-~rr rc~ T2 ^.:r ? Far better I it deem to ex widi fpccd, Than wafie in woe and wailml miSerr. Vigil, JEo. Xfi. 879. r*tm? oar mortis iotas JmlAra M ^ Cv!- r 1 68 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Ovid, Met. I. 662. Sed nocet effe Deum, Praclufaque janua leibi Mternam noftros luftus extendit in avum. S T A N Z. XLIII. Deep in the bottom of the fea her bovver Is built, &c. Compare this Sea-Nymph's bower with that of Cyrene in Virgil, Georg. IV. 362. Jamque domum mirans gemtrich et humida regna, Speluncifque lacus claufos, &V. And with that of Achelous in Ovid, Met. VIII. 561. S T A N Z. XLIX. Yet ftill he wafted, as the fnow congeal'd, When the bright fun his beams thereon doth beat. Ovid, Met. III. 487. Sed ut iniabefcere fava: Igne kvl cer<e, matutin^eve pruin<e Sole tepente folent, Jic attenuates amore Liquitur ; e t c<eco paullatim carpitur ignl. CANTO VI. 12. In what he fays of Venus feeking her fon, fome things are taken from the"E^w? ffonrirw of Mofchus. S T A N Z. ARKS ON SPENSBH. STJLKZ. XXIX. The garden of Adonis. Pliny XIX. 4. AtiyatasmM pros unrataef yum Hcfperubm bones, a reptm Mom&s ft Jldmi. s T A N z, XLII. Speaking of the garden of Adonis : There is continual fpring,. and hanreft there Continual, both meeting at one time : &c. Taken from Homer's defcripdon of the garden of Alcinous, Odyff. H. 117. Zt$ofoi mute*, ra/cb^aei, Ex usfrtEUu nuupum peril, wptt deficit ttemc, mtpe *fatc, t#o MHO d*rms: fed fane ffmpcr STAN Z. I. And his true love, fair Pfyche, with him plays, Sec. See Apuleius. c A x T o 170 REMARKS ON SPENSER. CANTO VII. I. Like as a hind Yet flies away of her own feet affeard, And every leaf, that fliaketh with the leaft Murmur of wind, her terrour hath encreaft. Horace, Carm. I. xxm. i. Vitas hinnuleo me Ji mills, Chloe, &c. S T A N Z. IV. Need teacheth her this leflbn hard and rare, That Fortune all in equal lance doth fvvay, And mortal miferies doth make her play. Ovid, Ex Pont. IV. in. 49. Ludit in httmanis divina potentia rebus* In equal lance, in equal balance. s T A N z. XLI. The marble pillar, that is pight Upon the top of Mount Olympus hight, For the brave youthly champions to affay With burning chariot wheels it nigh to fmitc. A ftrange miflake to think that the Olympick games were performed upon the top of Mount Olympus. " Burning Wheels :" fervidis rotis. Horace* CANTO XZMARKS ON SPENSER : - : CANTO VIII. 50. Proteus is fhepherd of the feas of yore, And hath the charge of Neptune's mighty herd. Virgil, Georg. IV. 394. Qyippe ita Neptuno vifum eft : inmama cttjus Armenia, et turpis pajcit fub gurgite pboau. CANTO ix. 7. For who wotes not, that woman's fubtilues Can guilen Argus, when fhe Kft mi((lone ? It is not iron bands, nor hundred eyes, brazen walk, nor many wakeful fpies, That can witb-hold her wilful wandring feet. Ovid, Amor. III. iv. 19. Centum frmte oaths* centum eervue gerebat Argus: et bos unus fepe fefettit Amor. Horace, Carm. III. Influjam Danaen turris arxea, Robttjleque fores 9 et vigibtm eamtm Trifles excubue mttmerant fat :s 9 &c. S T AN Z. XII, &CC. Britomartis is driven by a ftonn, in the evening, to feek flicker in a flied, which happened to be full of I 72 REMARKS ON SPENSER. of guefts, whom the fame neceffity had brought there : flie is refufed entrance, challenges them, and fights with one of them. This feems to be copied from a like ftory in Statius, Theb. I. 406. liquentla nimbis Ora comafque gerens, fublt uno tegmme, cujus Fufus hurno gelida, pattern prior hofpes habebat y &c. IBID. Sorely thereat he was difpleas'd, and thought How to avenge himfelf fo fore abus'd, And evermore the carl of courtefy accus'd. The fenfe muft be accufed him of difcourtejy y of rudenefs : and fo he has it, VI. 1 1 1. 33. fo foul abus'd Of a rude churl, whom often he accus'd Of foul difcourtefy, unfit for knight. s T A N z. xix. Yet fecretly their hoft did at them lour, And welcom'd more for fear than charity : But they diflembled what they did not fee, And welcomed themfelves. I mould think they diflembled what they did fee;- or, what they would not fee. S T A N a. REMARKS ON i?ES5ER. S T A V Z. LI. Paridel fays to Britomartis : Therefore, Sir, I greet you welL As if he thought her a knight ; whereas it appears from Stanz. XX, &c. that be muft have known that (he was a woman. The fame fauk is to be found lower, IV. vi. 34. CANTO T. 47. Malbecco, like a goat emongft the goats did rufh, That through the help of his fair horns on hight, i mifty damp of mifconceiving night, And eke through likenefs of his goaiih beard, He did the better counterfeit aright. He gives Malbecco a pair of real horns, becaufe he was a cuckold : which is defcending very low. He makes amends for this fault in the fequel, where the transformation of Malbecco into Jealoufy c A 2? T o aci. 14. , who nill bide the burden of diftrefs, Muft nxx here think :o live ; for life is wretchedness. Tcrctdretbefs, fays Spenfer. Juftfo lays Solon to Ijq. REMARKS ON SPENSEK. to Crcefus, in Herodotus, I; 32. *Ov1u uv, KfoIW, aoiv If-j, av<$W7r(@> <ru/*(poij. Ita igitur, Crcefe, uni- vcrfum eft, homo catamites. S T A N Z. XIX. Life is not loft, faid me, for which is bought Endlefs renown, that more than death is to be fough He ought to have faid : that more than life is to be fought. Virgil, JEn. V. 230. vitamque volunt pro laude pacifd. 8 T A N Z. XXX, &C. Speaking of Jupiter : Now like a ram, fair Helle to pervert, Now like a bull Europa to withdraw.' Soon after that into a golden fliower Himfelf he chang'd, fair Danae to view. Then was he turn'd into a fnowy fwan, To win fair Leda to his lovely trade. Twice was he feen in foaring eagle's ihape, And with wide wings to beat the buxom air: Once when he with Afterie did 'fcape Again, when as the Trojan boy fo fair He fnatch'd from Ida hill. In ARXS ON SPEtfSEl. 175 In Satyr's (hape Antiopa he lhatch'd, And like a fire, when he jfcgin' aflaytt : A fhepherd, when Mnemofyne he catclTd: And like a ferpent to the Thracian maid. From Ovid, Met. VI. i ALecmis elufam defgnat bugxjurtaai Europe*. Fecit a After ten aqutia luBante tenerit Feat ohrims Ledan recubare fab a&: 4Mt, Mt Satyri celatus imagine ptkbram Jupiter implertt gntmm Nj&ida f*t* : ^mpbitrjmfuerity cum te, TjrintlnA, cepit : Areas ut Danaen* Afopida ht/erit ignexs ; Mtemojjnfn pa/far: varies Detuda farpenz. I dcm't remember to have read that Jupiter turned himfelf into a ram for Helle's fake. She whom Spcnfer calls the ttracia* maid, is called by Ovid Deofc, and fuppofed to be Proferpina. As Spenfer fays, to beat the buxom air, So Milton : WixnffSM the buxom air. s T A N z. xxxvi. And thou, fair Phoebus, in thy colours bright, Waft there enwoven, and the fad diftrefs In which that Boy thee plunged, for defpite That thou bewraydH his Mother's wanronnefe. For-thy he thrill'd thee \dth a leaden dart, To love fair Daphne, which thee loved It 176 REMARKS ON SPENSER, It is a downright blunder to fay that Cupid mot Apollo with a leaden dart, when he made him love Daphne. Hear Ovid, Met. I. 468. Eque faglttlfera promfit duo telapharctra Dherforum operum. Fugat hoc, faclt lllud amorem. ^nodfadt, auratum eft, ct cufpide fulget acuta : Quodfugat, obtufum eft, et habet fub ar undine plumbum f Hoc Deus in nympha Pencldc fixlt ; at illo Ltffa Apoll'meas trajefta per offa medullas. Spenfer fays that Phoebus was thus punifhed for having difcovered the affair of Mars and Venus ; but Venus took her revenge of him, by making him fall in love with Lcucothee. At leaft Ovid fays fo, Met. IV. 190. s T A N z. xxxvii. He fays that Coronis, the miftrefs of Apollo, was turned into a fweet-briar : a metamorphofis, of which Ovid fays nothing in the ftory of Coronis. s T A N z. xxxix. Speaking of Phoebus : He loved life for his deareft dame, And for her fake her cattle fed awhile, And for her fake a cowherd vile became ; The fervant of Admetus, cowherd, vile, Whiles MARKS ON SPENSER. 177 Whites that from heaven he fufiered exile. Long were to tdl each other lovely fir, Now like a lion, hunting after fpoil, Now like a bag, now like a falcon flit. .Here is a fault, either of the poet's, or elfe occa- fioned by a wrong punchiation : for, as the text Hands, the fenfe is, that Apollo, for the fake of Ifle, and that he might feed her cattle, became the cow- herd of Admetus. They are two diftinct Fables; and they might be feparared by a full ftop, or a colon, thus: And for her fake a cowherd vile became : The fervant of Admetus, cowherd vile, Whiles that from heaven he fuffered exile. That is: be alfo became the Jerv&t ofAJmetus, a cff&bcrd vile, &c. This is pretty much in Spenfer's elliptical manner, fo that poffibly he might intend >: :b. In Hughes' Edit, it is: fbe Jcroait of Admetus' cffssbcrl vile. That is, ttcjernut cftbe arssbcrl tfAlmct*s; which is ftill worfe. He follows Ovid, Met. VI. 122. Efk ilEcagre/u imagine Pbsltu : Utquf meti accipitris pfxisas, mado terga betas Ge/erit; ut faf^r MotoreM* bferit Ijfm. The vrords in Ovid, agrejtis imagine Pbxbus, which ^ N *r- i;8 REMARKS ON SPENSER. are not explained by the Commentators that I have feen; relate probably to his ferving Admetus. Inftead of bag, I read Now like a flag, now like a falcon flit. Natalis Comes, IV. 10. fays of Apollo : Fertur bic tieus in varias formas ob amores fuijft mutatus in leo- nem, in CERVUM, in accipitrem. ST A N Z. XL. That his fwift chariot might have paffage wide, Which four great Hippodames did draw in team- wife ty'd. Hippopotamoi, Sea-horfes. STANZ. XLI, XLII. For, privy love his bread empeirced had ; Ne ought, but dear Bifaltis, ay could make him glad. He loved eke Iphimedia dear ; And ^Eolus' fair daughter, Arne hight, For whom he turn'd himfelf into a fleer, And fed on fodder, to beguile her fig'at. Alfo to win Deucalion's daughter bright, He turn'd himfelf into a dolphin fair; And like a winged horfe he took his flight, To fnaky-lockt Medufa to repair, On whom he got fair Pegafus, that flitteth in the air. He MARKS ON SPEJtfSJKR, He fpeaks of Neptune. From Ovid, Met. VI. 115. Te yuyu mutatvm torvo, Neptune, froou* Vtrgme in Meliapofsit* Tit viftts Etupeus Gigms dtiidasi artis Bifaltidafa&s. r, fiava comas, frmgum mitiffim* mater, Snfit tquum; te fnfit avem crimta colmbris Mater fpti tw&rrv: fnfit ddpbhu Mctantby. See the Commentators. See alio Hefiod, Thepg. bo fays^ that when Perfeus cut off the head rdiiik, Pegafus (prang forth. S T A K Z. XL 1 1 1. .rjrn was, (but who would ever ween That fallen Samrn ever ween'd to love? : love is fallen, and Saturn-like fc: As he did for Erigone it prove ;) .: to a Centaur did himfelf tranfinove. So prov'd it eke that gracious God of wine, \^~hen for to compafc PhUlira's hard love, He turn'd himfelf into a fruitful vine, And into her fair boforri made his grapes decline. How many miftakes are here! Saturn, fays he, lov'd Erigone, and Bacchus Phillira. On the con- uary, Bacchus loved Erigone, and Saturn Pbifyra, for that is her name. Nor did Saturn turn him- felf into a Centaur, but into a horfe. Ovid. Met. VI. 125. Liber mt Erigmien falf* detepcrit roa: U: ~.:-:'.rrou emu gemtmum Cbirona crcxrit. 1 N - l8o REMARKS ON SPENSER. Virgil, Georg. III. 92. Talis et ipfe jubam cervice effudit equina Conjugis adventu pernix Sdturnus, et ahum Pelion hinnitu fugiens implevit acuto. Where he follows Apollonius, Lib. II. That gracious God of wine. By gracious perhaps he mzaxishandfome. So the French, if I miftake not, ufe the word gracieux. It might be proved from a thoufand teftimonies of ancient authors, that Bac- chus was very handlbme. Broukhufius has col- lected fome of them, in his notes on Tibullus, II. i ii. 35. where he is very angry with thofe moderns, who in pidlures, images, and poetry, make Bac- chus deformed, and with a huge belly : Pueriliter peccant noftri artifices, qui Bacchum fingunt et pingunt enormiter obefum ac pinguem, cum prominence aquali- culoj &c. However it is obfervable that Bacchus has had this affront put upon him in ancient times ; and has been reprefented as bloated and tun-bellied, if we may believe the Scholiaft of Ariftophanes, Ran. 202. where Charon fas to Bacchus: And the Scholiaft notes : S T A N Z, OK STENSEK. iSl STAXZ- ILTJI. On which there fiood an image all alone Of naff grid. which ith bis own light flione; - .-.: .: :::. v .-- Hcfpcaksof an image of CcpkL In an Epagi jm ftilS ti3mf*Kt c A s T o xn. 7. OrtlutiainedaoqrLad, that was 6> dear To great Akkks, tha whcn-as he dy*d, I1-: - .;C ;...l--. . . '..'. 7.'.7. L !r_". ;,;. It is impoeskal to make Hjfas <fir. TheNjmphs Indeed, die cbona in Seneca's Medea fpeaks of die deadi oHhsms. T. 647. aims* But deie was a rrafoo for k. The choms oi>- rrndiaxdieAigpQaaMscanKroyirfo^ tjberefote mendons onhr the death of Ift&r, and polks orer die poetkal fionr of his being made N 3 l2 REMARKS ON SPENSER. a Deity. Aufonius alfo fpeaks of his death., Epigr. XCV. Afpice quam bland* necis ambitione fruatur y Letifera experiens gaudia> pulcber Hylas ! Cfcula et infejlos inter moriturus amores. Ami-piles patitur Naiadas Eumenides. See Virgil, Eel. VI. 43. , S T A N Z. XLI. With that great chain, wherewith not long ygo He bound that piteous lady prifoner, now releaft> Himfelf fhe bound. Spenfer in his Fairy Queen never, that I know of, ufes verfes of fix feet, except in the laft line of the Stanza. He has done fo here through over- fight; unlefs it be a fault of the prefs, which is not fo probable. S T A N Z. XLVII. But now my teem begins to faint and faile, All woxen weary of their journal toile : Therefore I will their fweaty yokes aflbile At this fame furrow's end, till a new day. Virgil, Georg. II. 541. Se d nos immenfum fpatiis confecimus frquor : Et jam tempus equum fumantia fohere colla. BOOK REMARKS ON SPENSER. 185 BOOK IV. IXTxODUCTIoy. S T A X Z. Which tbat fhe may the better deign to bear, Do thou, drad Infant, Venus' dearliag dove, From her high fpirit chace imperious fear : E- fear he means, an awful majefty, raifing fear in thofe who approach her. CANTO i. 13. Spenfer here gives a defcription of what we call Aurora Bcrudu : Like as die mining flue m fummer's night, What time the days with fcorching heat abound, Is creafted all with lines of fiery light ; That it prodigious teems, in common peoples light. S T A X Z. XXIII. And of the dreadful difcord, which did drive The noble Argonauts to outrage fell ; That each of life (ought others to deprive, All mindlefs of the golden Fleece, which made them ftrive. Apollonius Rhodhis and Valerius Flaccus men- tion fome quarrels that arofe amongil the Argo- nauts, and the former introduces Orpheus pacify- ing them by playing on his harp. They fay nothing of any contention they had for the golden N 4 Fleece : 184 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Fleece : but perhaps Spenfer means, that, falling out, they forgot the golden Fleece, for the fake of which they were engaged in fo dangerous an expe- dition. If that be his meaning, it is ill exprefTed. And that it is his meaning, is probable from what he fays, Sonnet XLIV. When thofe renowned noble peers of Greece Through ftubborn pride among themfelves did jar, Forgetful of the famous golden Fleece; Then Orpheus with* his harp their ftrife did bar. So after, B. IV. Cant. n. r. Such one was Orpheus, that when ftrife was grown Amongft thofe famous imps of Greece, did take His filver harp in hand, and (honly friends them make. The effect which the harp and voice of Orpheus had upon the Argonauts is elegantly defcribed by Apollonius, I. 512. When Orpheus had ended his fong, they, fays the Poet, intent, and bending towards him, " Thought him ftill fpeaking, ftill flood fix'd to hear*." T H, Tot * See Bp. Newton's edition of Milton, Tar. Loft, B. VIII. v. z. anci our author's note there inferted. S T A N Z. REMARKS ON SPENSER. iSj S T A N Z. XLV. He little anfwer'd, but in manly heart His mighty indignation did forbear ; Which was not yet fo iecret, but feme part Thereof did in his frowning face appear : Like as a gloomy cloud, the which doth bear An hideous ftorm, is by the northern blaft Quite overblown -, yet doth not pafs fo clear, But that it all the fky doth OTcrcaft With darfciM-fe dread, and threatens all the world :o v.u.:. So Milton, II. 715. And fuch a frown Each caft at th* other, as when two black clouds, With heaven's artillery fraught, come rattling on Over the Cafpian, then (land front to front, Hov'ring a fpace, till winds the fignal blow To join their dark encounter in mid air : So frown'd the mighty combatants, that HeH Grew darker at their frown. s T A H z. xxix. As when in chace The Parthian flnkes a flag with fhivering dart. Virgil, JEn. XII. 856. Nnfeais &c nfryo per xubtm impulfa fagitta, Parthu, Jke CJJCM, tdxm imme&calnU ttrfa. CANTO REMARKS ON SPENSER* C'A N T O II. 2. Such, mufic is wife words with time c&nfented, To moderate ft iff minds, difpos'd to ftrive : / Such, as that prudent Roman well invented, What time his people into parts did rive, Them reconcil'd again, and to their homes did drive. So Fol. Ed. 1679. In Hughes* Edit, it hap- pens to be contented, which I take to be right. contented from condnert ; words concented with time ; words agreeing with time, words fpoken in proper time. The prudent Roman is Agrippa Mcnenius. In thefe lines of Spenfer the conftrudion feems faulty. s T A N z. xxx iv. Addreffing himfelf to Chaucer : but through infuiion fweet Of thine own fpirit, (which doth in me furvive,) I follow here the footing of thy feet. He feems to copy from Lucretius, III. 3. Fefequor, Grains gentis decus, inque tuis nunc Fixa pedum pono preffis "Jtjiigia fignis. s T A N z. LI. For what the Fates do once decree, Not all the Gods can change, nor Jove himfelf can free. This was the notion of many heathens. See ^Efchylus, AEMARKS ON SPENSER* 187 JEfchytas, Prometh. 516. Ovid, Met. IX. 429. Quintus Smyrnaeus, Lib. III. Lib, XI. Lib. XIII, Herodotus, I. 91. T mptm p^ *& - OWI&VBB ^ $. Sortemfato deJKmatam defngere, am quoyu eft imfoJUnle. Several writers fuppofe that Herodotus in thefe words has declared his own femiments, and quote diem as a laying of that Hiftorian: but he gives them as the anfwer of Apollo's Prieftefs to the meflengers fent by Croefus. c A x T o in. : :. Like as a fnake, whom weary winter's teen Hath worn to nought, now feeling fummer's might, Cafb off his ragged fkin, and frefhly doth him dight. From Virgil, Mn. IL 471. in Imcem coluber, mala gramima paftfg, Frigtdafub terra ttaudaa* quern bntma tegeb&t, Nunc pofttis mjvms exirsus, mitidufque jiKtnta, Lubrica cmtvoluit Jublato peSere trrga ArdmMS adfilem, et timgms meat ore trijklds. STANZ. XXXVIII. The chariot decked was in wondrous wife, With gold and many a gorgeous ornament, After the Perfian monarch's antique guife. Poffibly he had in view tfee chariot of Darius. Q^Curtius, III. 1 1 1. Utntrnqu cmmul*t*s duntm l88 REMARKS ON SPENSER. fimulacra ex aitro argentoqut expreffa decorabant : dif- tinguebant internitentes gemmae jugum ; ex quo emi- xebant duo aurea fimulacra cubitalia^ - . Inter b<ec auream aquilam pinnas extendenti Jtmilem facra- verant. S T A N Z. XLIII. Nepenthe is a drink of fovereign grace, Devized by the gods, for to alTuage Heart's grief, and bitter gall away to chace, Which ftirs up anguilh and contentious rage : Inftead thereof, fweet peace and quiet age It doth eftablith in the troubled mind, Homer, OdyfT. A. 220. Aul/x' a^' <? oivov |3Ae ['EAev NTlTTSl'S'ff T* a.%0\6V Tf, XaXWI/ STT/X^S'OV Ct ""O? TO xolafo^tv, ETniv x^rfl^p* Owe oui I(p7i^xpof 'ys (3aAo xotloi OuJ' tt w xalals^atw |U.H'TJ^ TE Protinus fane in vinum mifit [Helena] pbarmacum unde bibebant, dbfqite dolore et ira, malorum oblivionem inducens. >ui illud deglutierit poftqiiam cratsri mixtum erif, Nonutiqtte tot a die $r of under e -potent lacrimasapalpebris, Nonji ei mcrtiti fuerint materque paterque, Nequeji ei coram fratrem, ant cbarum fitium Fcrro trucidarent^ ipfi vero oculis videret. ftEMAU5 OH SFEJfSZ I?: Whether infead of ftf -g*, k OwoM be ^meUge? which was attb the conjeclnre of a friend: and whether there be iuch a word in other wiieeo? S T A S Z- XLYI1. Which when fhe few, down on the bloody pbm Herietf me threw, and oars 'gan died amain; Amoogft her tears immiiing prayers meek. And wim her piayers, reafbns to refirain From bloody firitb, and bkfied peace to iiek; By all that unto them was dear, did them befeefc. DU tbcm kfiei - y didbdeedi them; inftead of Jmd d itj&dr tkem* according to Spender's finfe ; aiad bkSei peace tc By all that umo dsem was dear did them be&ek. c and did befeech shon to feek peace. 1 ' Noneed then for that bungling paieninctis, which is in both my editions : And (with her prayers, icaibns to reflrain From bloody firife, and bkfed peace to &ek) By all that unto them was dear did them befeek. c ASTT o IT. i. T'-i: - : i .-::. z;ri:? Sdr'd up 'twixt / 7-r g np"T- and ParideL So FoL Edit. 1679. a dfe pintt for fiUbmr. In Hugfccs* Edk. k is Scadaaaorc, whkh is trtoa^. 5 TA VZ. REMARKS ON SPENSER* S T A N Z. XV. Yet did the workmanship far pafs the coft. Ovid,Met. II. 5. Materiem fuperalat opus. CANTO V. 5, 6. On Aridalian mount, where many an hour She [Venus'} with the pleafant Graces wont to play. That goodly belt was Ceftas hight by name. So Fol. Edit. 1679. and Hughes' Edit. It flbould be Acidalian and Ceflus. Venus was called Acidtdia.) a fonte Acidalio. There is no Acidalian mountain. Spenfer has it again, VI. x. 8, 9. Therefore it rightly cleeped was mount Acidale. They fay that Venus, when (he did difpofe Herfelf to pleafance, ufed to refoit Unto this place. In his Epithalamium he has the Acidalian brook. S T A N Z. VI. The Judges, which thereto felecled were, Inro the Martian Field adown defcended. Alluding to the Campus Martiuj, and to the |>hrafe defcendere in Campum. 8 S T A N Z. REMARKS ON SPEXSE*U 7 9! S T A N Z. Til. ne he that thought For Chian folk to pourtrah beautie's Queen, view of all the faired to him brought, So many fair did fee. Zeuxis drew Helena for the inhabitants of Crotoh, lay fotne ; of Agrigentnm, fey others ; and chofe five of their women to copy from. This h the foxy that Spenfer alludes to, and miftakes. s T A N z. As guileful goldfimth, that by fecret flail, With golden foil doth finely overfpred Some bafer metal, which commend he will Unto the vulgar for good gold infted. He might have put, cf gcsd goU i*jU&d. So IV. vi i. 7 for /ted to k i*Jkd. \ N Z. XXXVII. The which in Lipari do day and night Frame thunderbolts for Jove*s avengeful threat. Infkad of Ufara , at Uparc, c A K T o The vileft wretch alive ; Whofe curled ulage and ungodly trade The heavens abhor, and into darkneis drive. Ill exprefled ; unlels I miilake the fenfc, whidx 192 REMARKS ON SPENSER* feems to be this : whofe ungodly trade the heaven; abhor ; and ivhofe ungodly trade, &c. drive the hea- vens into darknefs. I. vi. 6. And Phoebus, flying lo moft fliameful fight, His blufhing face in foggy cloud implies. In this manner he often fpeaks. " Implies :" See Remark on I. iv. 28. page 79. s T A N z. xxxi r. Yet over him (lie there long gazing flood, And oft admir'd his monftrous (hape, and eft His mighty limbs. Virgil, JEn. VIII. 265. Nequeunt expleri corda tuendo tferribiles oculos, vultum, villofaque fetis feftora femiferi. CANTO VIII. 1 6. When fo he heard her fay, eftfoons he brake Hhfudden filence, which he long had pent j And, iighing inly deep, her thus befpakc. Sudden filence is not proper: fidkn filence would have been better; and I incline to think that Spenfer intended it fo. So in the Shepherd's Calender. MAY : At laft, her fullen filence (lie broke. . That is, after having been unable fome time to fpcak, for for row. s T A N z. c :rau 193 STAN Z. XL IX. Therefore Corflambo was he call'd aright, Though namelefs there his body now doth His head was cut off. Kamdefs body is taken from Virgil, JLn. II. 557. jfatet mgcn* litorc tmtuus, Avolfumque bumcris caput y tt fax tumme carpus. CANTO X. 7. Such were great Hercules, and Hylas dear ; Pylades, and Oreftes by his fide : - Damon and Pythias, whom death could not fever. The name of Damon's friend is Pbmti&s. I fup- pofe he makes the fecond fyllaWe in Pjledu long. So V. v. 24, fpeaking of Hercules : How for lola's fake he did apply His mighty hands, the diftaff vile to hold. He commits the fame fault in die fecond fyllable of Job, 'or loU. The old Englifli poets regard not quantity. S T A N Z. XTXVJ1I. Speaking of the Temple of Venus : An hundred altars roucd about were fet, All flaming with their facrifice's fire, O 194 "REMARKS ON SPENSER. Virgil, JEn. I. 415. Ipfa Papbum fubtimis obit, fedefque revijit Lscta fuas : ubi templum /'///', centumque Sab.eo 1'bitrc calent ar<e, Jertifque reccxtibus halant. ST A N Z. XL IV. Great Venus, queen of beauty and of grace, The joy of gods and men ; that under fkie Doft faireft fhine, and moft adorn thy place, That with thy fmiling look doft pacify The raging feas, and mak'il the dorms to fly, &c. 11 This is taken from Lucretius' invocation of the fame Goddefs, in the beginning of his poem, and may be reckoned one of the moft elegant tranjlations in our Inaguage" Air. HUGHES. It is, for the moft part, an elegant tranilation, but not an accurate one ; nor was it, I fuppole, defigned to be fuch. It certainly is below the original. s T A N z. x L v 1 1 . Great God of men and women, queen of eh* air, Mother of laughter, and \vell-lpring of bliis. Here Venm is called a God. So Virgil, /Kn. II. 632. Defcendo, ac, duceute DeVjflammaiii inter et l-oftes Expedior. Where 195 mSii^prfaoj fmrtirifmtjimm JJafcrr 1 believe Spader bad tbis place of Scnrius ia bis Herodotus, I. 105. baling (kid tbat a lew ScTihhns fpoifed the temple of Goek&a! Yenus, [\fcpw *A?*METVJ adds, tbat for their impierr, the GOD puaHhcd tbem : srx*rls *O O E O* r MTA. Boc Groaorius is of opinion tbac here means mmmtm^ n Q&, without anj paracolar reference to Venus. See bis note. Efiner. C A X T O XI. O. DOC if a huodrcd congues to tdl. And nondied 'mobdB and Toice of bnG 1 had. From \lrgp,-,a-.YI,- $a^ wbo imitaifs Homer. s T A M z. xin. Spenfer in this Cicto eoiimcatcs the Sea Gods, ;";... r. i ~ r : f taV 1 96 REMARKS ON SPENSER* Compare Spenfer's catalogue with Natalis Comes? II. 8. where you may find the ftory of Aftrzeus. I have met with two others of thauiame ; one, a Ton of Terra and Tartarus, who was one of the Giants, mentioned by Hyginus; the other, a fon of Silenus y in Nonnus Dionyf. And a third, the fon of Crius and Eurubie, is found in Hefiod and Apollodorus. s T A N z. XYIII. Speaking of the fons of Oceanus and Tethys- : Of all which, Nereus, th' eldeft and the befl, Did firft proceed, than which none more upright, Ne more fineere in word and deed profeft ; Moft void of guik, moft free from foul defpighr, Doing himfelf, and teaching others to do, right* From Hefiod, Qto>y. 233. Nuf s* T' efysottot ^ ahx&ix yttvoflo Ilof^Tcclov iroiifu* ' au1afr xaXftMTt aXXa Ji'jwua %TTI& $wK ef 'Nereumone allemim a mendaefa, et veracem genu'it Pontits, Maximum natu filiorum i fed vacant Scnem, Eb quod verus atqv.e pladdus: me juris et *qui Oblivijcitur, fedjujla et moderata judicia novit. Nereus is called tie aged in Homer, Hefiod, /Elchylus, Virgil, Ovid, the Poet called Orpheus, and REMARKS ON SPENSER' 197 and Paufanias Lacon. Euftathius on Homer, II. A. 250. p. 1 1 6. Ed. Rom. Irscv ?T woXtav aXa Servius on Virgil, Georg. IV. 403. Fere Dii mar ini fenes font, albent enim torum capita fpumis aquarum. We may alfo obferve, that ypov* means either an old woman, or frotb, /cum. Ariftophanes plays upon the word, Plat. 1205. S T A N Z. XIX. When Paris brought his famous prize, The fair Tindarid [Tyndarid] lafs, he him foretold That her all Greece with many a champion bold Should fetch again. fie fpeaks of Nereus. From Horace, L. I. Od. z v . z faJJor cum traberet, sV. STAN?, xx. Long Rhodanus, whole fource fprings from the fkie. ^*47rr :. S T A N 2. XXI. Great Ganges, and immortal Euphrates, Deep Indus, and Mzander intricate, Slaw Peneus, and tempeiluous Pbafides, Swift Rhene, and Alphei^ ftill immaculate, O raxes, feared for great Cyrus' fate. He makes the fecond fyllable in Euphrates fhort, O 3 and 19 REMARKS ON SPENSER.'. and gives him the pompous epithet immortal, which, after all, is but a botch. Slow is no epithet for Peneus. He is called Tbeff.ilus tor r ens, by Seneca, Here. Fur. 288. By Phafides I fuppofc he means Phafis, who is called p.fya?, rpa^u?, /3iai&*, oVwf, rapidus. Inftead of -Crazes, it ov.ght to be, .as a friend alia conjectured, Araxes, feared 'for great Cyrus' fate. For Cyrus crofled the .river Araxes to fight the Mafiaeetae, of whom Tomyris was queen. The battle was fought near the river, and Cyrus was there worded, and /lain. So fays Herodotus, I. 201, 'Sec. S T A N Z. XXV. Speaking of a River r God : And his beard all gray, Dewed with filver drops, that trickled down alvvay, 30pho.cies, Trachin. 14. 'of Achelous. Ovid, Faft. 1.375. of Proteus : Oraqtte c<eruka t aliens rorantia bprba. Statius, Theb. IX. 414. of'Ifmenus : tumido de gurgite furg'tt Spumofum attollcns apicem, lapfoque fonoro c<rule<t ri-vis mana/itta barbtf* Claudian, MARKS ON SPENSER. 199 _.!ian, Co.if. Pr. etOI. 211. of the Tiber: .:qx,f : fr 'lunat :\it. Sidonius, Carm. II. 335. of die fame. Ddt fqni 'turn m yarba fragorem. S T A N Z. XXVIII. Like as the mother of the Gods, they &y In her great iron chariot wonts to ride, When to Jove's palace ihe doth take her way ; Old Cybele, array 'd with pompous pride, Wearing a diadem embattled wide With hundred turrets. Virgil, ,n. VI. 784, Qtu. :-ia matsr liKekitvr curru Pbrygias Iwrlta pfr urbu. STAN Z. XLVII. Speaking of a Rirer Goddefs : Under the which her feet appeared plain, Her filver feet. S T A N 7. XL VI II, SCC. The Nereids, according to Spenfcr, are, tty Aga-i't, Actea, [it fhould be ..' * Alimeda, [it Ihould be HtilirtteJe] Cyr>: O 4 Cymodoce, 200 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Gymodoce, Cymo, Doto, Dinamene, [it mould be Dynamene~] Doris> Eucrate^ Eumca, EuUmene, Eratff, E-vagore, Eione, Eupompe> Endore, [I fuppofe it fhould be Eudore~] Everna, [it fhould be Evarne, 'Euc^vn] Glauce, Galene, Galathzea, [it fhould be Galatea] Glauconome, Hippotbc*e\ Hyponeo, [it fhould be Hipponoe] Lifianafla, [it fhould be Ly.- fianaffa] Laomedia, Liagore, Mefrte, Menippe, Nefea^ ^ Nemertea, [it fhould be ffewKtjf] Prcto, ^ Pberufa, Phao, Paris, PanopcE, [it fhould be Panope~] Protomedaia, [it fhould be Protomedea, TIfuloptSeia ] Pronsea, [it fhould be Pronoe~] Ponto- porea, Polynome^ Pfamathe, Spio, Sao, Thetis^ Thalia, Themifte, [it Ihould be Tbemifto.] Phao and Ports are two Nereids, that I think I never met with eliewhere. Spenfer follows Hefiod. BOOK V. INTRODUCTION. S T A N Z. VIII. And if to thofe Egyptian wizards old, Which in ftar-read were wont have bed infight, Faith may be given, it is by them told, That fince the time they firft took the fun's height, Four REMARKS ON* SPEKSER. 2O1 Four times his place he fhifted hath in fight, And twice hath rifen, where he now doth weft, And wefted twice, where he ought rile aright. From Herodotus, II. 142. The Egyptian PriefU a rary TU xjtoitf rtloxiti; iXfyn t i&it* ix/rtf 0f tcmpus dice- lent quotcr folem txtrafedes fuos fuiffe crtum. Sis dauu UUnt exertion ubi nttnc occuBt ; bis out em mtde critur, ittic occuKJJe. S T A N Z. IX. For during Saturn's ancient reign, it's (aid, That all the world with goodnefsjdid abound ; All loved vertue, no man was affraid Of force, ne fraud in wight was to be found : No war was known, no dreadful trumpet's found : Peace univerfal reign'd 'mongft men and beafts, And all things freely grew out of the ground. C. id,' Met. I. 89, 98, &c. Aurea prima fata eft *tas, qu* vindice nullo, Spontc fiut^fine lege^jidem reSumqtte colebat. Ptcma metufiue aberant. - Ncn Ma dsreBiy non *ris conwafiexi, Non gale*) non enfis, erant. Sim militis ufu MoUiafecur* -peragebant ctiagentes. Ipfa qucque inmunis, raftnHpu intatfa, nee ullis Sauria 1'cincribus^ perfe dcbat cmnia teUus. C A i: T O VIZ REMARKS ON SPENSER. CANTO I. IO. Speaking of Arthegal r s fword. For of mod perfect metal it was made, And was of no lefs vertue, than of fame. For there no fubftance was lo firm and hard, But it would pierce or cleave, where-fo it came. So Milton, Par. Loft r VI. 320. but the fword Of Michael from the armory of God Was giv'n him temper'd fo, that neither keen Nor foiid might refill that edge, S T A N Z. XII. Arthegal is attended by Talus : made of iron mould, Immovcable, refiftlefs, without end. Concerning this man of iron, or rather of brafs, ToAw? %KAKtt<&, fee Apollonius, IV. S T AN Z. XXVI. &th then, laid he, ye both the dead deny. And both the living lady claim your right, Let both the dead and living equally Divided be betwixt you here in light, fcff. Copied from Solomon's judgment, i Kings Hi. 16, CANTO ON SPSKSEII. CANTO II. 27. Thereafter all that mucky pelf he took, The fpoil of people's evil-gotten good, The which her fire had fcrap'd by hook and crook, And, burning all to aQies, poured it down the brook. Alluding to Deuteroo. ix. 21. And I tookycur fin, the cdfvobscb ye bad made, and burnt it with fre, andfiamfed i/, and ground it vetyfrnatt, even until it ccoj asfmalt as duft ; and I caft the duft thereof // tbt brook that def tended out of the mount. C A N T T O III. 25. As when the daughter of Thaumantes fair, &c. Thaumantias Iris : the daughter of Tbaumas^ not ^ t A X Z. XL. Fit for fuch ladies, and fuch fatly knights. Methinks it wou]d be better to give the Ladies the epithet ; and to read, Fit for fuch /ror/jr ladies, and fuch knights. VI. xn. 34. And therein (hut up his blafphemous tongue, For never more defaming gentle knight, Or any lovely lady doing wrong. So 204 REMARKS ON SPENSER, So Fol. Ed. 1679. In Hughes' Edit. Or unto lovely lady doing wrong. CANTO V. 25. But vertuous women wifely understand That they were born to bafe humility, Unlefs the heavens them lift to lawful fovereignty. Compare Milton, Par. Loft, IX. 232. The laft line was inferted on account of Qiieen Elizabeth. S T A N Z. XLIX. Radigund fays to Clarinda : Say and do all that may thereto prevail ; Leave nought unpromis'd that may him perfuade; Life, freedom, grace, and gifts of great avail, With which the Gods themfelves are milder made. He that compares this with ^En. IV. 424. &c, v.'ill be inclined to think that Spenfer had Virgil's Dido in view. l,foror> fiique boftem fuppkx adfare fuperlum, &c. That gifts can pacific even the Gods, was a pro- verb amongftthe Heathen. Euripides, Med. 964. muneribus enim vel deos fieftl jama eft. So Man makes God, in his own image. C A 1 T O REMARKS ON SPENSER. C A X T O VII. 2 AYell therefore did the antique vrorld invent That Juflice was a God of fovereign grace, And altars unto him, and temples ; And heavenly honours in the higheft place ; Calling him great Ofiris, of the race Of th* old Egyptian kings, that whilom were ; With feigned colours (hading a true cafe : For, that Oiiris, wbilft he lived here, The jufteft man alive, and tnieft did appear. In Plutarch, De Ifid. p. 355. Ofiris is called Magnms rex baufciu, B- *p{Vftnm ir Jaw Q^rr r^pw into fkotim ALgyptios i*opi et bd- luixa -siffus raticiufokij/e, cum et frvgts its ofU*Aertt+ et leges pentrct, et devrmm cutum fractperet. Pof- modo mxrverfam obiviffe terra, m bomimfqtu manfuetcs rcdfgifc. P. 356. *0>^*Or^K*ySw*f. Eft emam Ofiris beneficus. ? Britornartis enters the temple of Ifis : There (he received was in goodly wiie Of many priefts, that duly did attend, All 206 REMARKS ON SPENSER. All clad in linen robes, with filver hem'd ; And on their heads, with long locks comely kem'd, They wore rich mitres. ThePriefts oflfis wore tbr, knew p*vw, veflem tan- tummodo lineam, fays Herodot. II. 37. and hence are called Linigeri by many writers. Their heads were dole (haved, though Spenfer gives them long loch. IB To (hew that Ids does the moon portend; Like as Ofiris fignifies the fun. So Plutarch, De I fid. p. 372. s T A N z. vi. The image of His was clothed all in garments made of line. She is called Linigera by Ovid, and by others. s T A N z. vm, Sec. Britomards fleeps in the temple of Ifis, and has vifions of what mould befall her. It was not un- tifual for thofe who confulted the Gods, to fleep in their temples ; where, as we are informed, they ufed to have their fortunes told them. Virgil, REMARKS OX SPENSER. 207 Virgil, JEn. VII. 86. - ttrc lots facer fos Cum txSt, t tefervm ^r.vmjub m*8cJUe*ti PtlSku ixtxbmt jb-elis 9 Jnuufawe petint, Et varUs amdit 1'sta, fnuturyu dfanum Gnfepaw, ttqme imi* Acbavmt* adfctitr jhxnds. Serviiis : " Incubarc frtprit &atm!*r ti, fiei dcr- Hie incubat Jori : id & Jermit at Cep&eX*, mf refmpt. ptft ac- t:ptre. The Nafamones flept at the tombs of their an- ceftors, in order to be informed of what they want- ed to know. Herodot. IV. 172. r j admsjcrttm accedattfs mcxm- a^ ft iBu *bz prects pertgertaif, i^ per mccttm info**: am Temil. de Aniina. p. 365. 'jtfemnes prcprio. erot*!* af+A portr.' falcbrs nirw/ii'fwifff ctpiere, id Hfroflidti jiri^ xktms: Et Cdtas afuJ 'cirtntm .jtmaer IBID. 20 REMARKS ON SPENSER. IBID. Her helmet Ihe imlac'd, And by the altar's fide her felf to flumber plac'd. For other beds the prlefts there ufed none, But on their mother Earth's dear lap did lie, And bake their fides upon the cold hard ftone So the Selli, in Homer, II. II. 233. Ztu Kvot A&xJwvau, nfAao^jy-i, r^AoS'i vot,ittv t Jupiter rex Dodon<ee, Pelafgice, procul habitans^ ~Dodon<e pr<e/idens hiberno-frigore-infeft< : circum au- tem Selli Vui habitant interpretes pedibus-illoti, bumi cubantes. S T A N Z. X, XI. Speaking of the priefts of Ifis : Therefore they mought not taftrof fieflily food, Ne feed on ought the which doth blood contain, Ne drink of wine ; for wine they fay is blood, Even the blood of Giants, which were flain By thund'ring Jove in the Phlegrean plain : For which the Earth (as they the flory tell) Wroth with the Gods, which to perpetual pain Had damn'd her fons, which 'gainft them did rebel, With inward grief and malice did againftthem fwell. Qu*re? " And brake their fides, &c. Hor. Epod. XL 3*. Limina dura, quibus Lttmbes et infregi latus. See alfo Hor. L. Ill, Od. x- 19. Ovid, Rem. Amor. L. II. And TV !?i:"SE7, 1 : ;, Aed of their vital Mood, the which was fhed I-:: !-.-:: -rtg-ir.: :::::. ::::.. '-.: 7:::r : The (hatful vine ; wfcoTc liquor, Woody red, Having the minds of men with fary fraught, Mought in them ftir op old rebdlkxis thought To make new war againft the Gods again. Coccerning Aetemperaacereqiiifite in the Prieih oflts,iee Ph*arch,Delad. Bf&rCJMJfm CXptTXMt * Pfimmeliclv, am MJK totofemt *M&, mwu ss 5&ef- Jett vhum, msx id gralmm ins ret:, Jed fagssmem itrr* ferwizta fmtamt cra iff cruu m Jsayu tt Jam chides /mfcatsfgat ct o&aEimti mate, imf&tis l*ma&ms fugmsc fzsrxm mijerxm. lind. :. Tothb{3b!eCasa6iendofminediinks) Axdru^&a in his ktter to Aiezander may aDode : Piioy XIV. 5. Ax&nc*des fafiaii* dorms *d ' M^mmm firiffi, imtemptrarism e^ms Foam pitvns, rex, mtmnto tc Ktercfsx- pdmem lor*. Where Hlrdmn has a note thit = to the purpok. I add here a pafiagc; whkli I met with in the Chevneaaa, voL I. p. 284. where Cbevreau uy< of the Manirhapans, Jh rejft- rtficmat, L*Lfj de Msyft* ***** P REMARKS ON SPENSER. /' ouvragedu Dieu fevers ; condamnoient, avec fatten, k mart age, I' ufage des oeufs, du lait, de la chair, du 17/v, qifiis jwmmoient k fid du Dieu des tenebres. They forbad the ufe of wine, which they called the gall of the God of Darhiefs. CANTO VIII. 19.' That, O ye Heavens ! defend, and turn away From her, unto the mifcrearit himtelf. Virgil, JEn. II. 190. quod Di prius omen in ipfum Convert ant ! Spenfer here, and in many other places, ufes Heaven and tbeHeaveas, for God, and the Gods as do all modern writers. Whether ancient authors have done fo, has been doubted. VavalTor, in his Trea- tife De Vi ef Ufa quorumdam "jerborum, fays he could find no other example but this of Statius, Silv. I. iv. 4. Es Ccslo, D!s es, Gcmzjiice, ccrdi. I can help the reader to a good many more. Sta- tins ufes the word fo perpetually. Theb. VI. 16. qiiibus Argos alumnis ccnnexum ccelo. Which is fomething like genus qui duds Olympt in Virgil, jEn. VI. 835. Theb. IX. 97. Dh coraw, et ccelo infpeffante t TheU. 'ARKS OX SPEN5E*. 211 Thcb. L 650. f*?o taxta inclfmentia cx:9 eft. Where Barthius : " Coelo. Supsris cxlvm baKtan- tilms. FrejMau pojtericrilms Gratis, Lafhus, ft Jam cptim *uL> loculiQ. Paptmus infra, IL 600. toco necquicquam obfeflus Oly ccpo. boc cjl 9 emmhu N*j*i*ifas. Omnts emm dives vns lumimDywtus ip/orum cemfcbant. Pefrvxiia: Nemo coelum putar, nemo jus junmdum fervat. - Manilius, V. 18. Araque divorum, cm votum folvit Olympus. Hccejl, quantvm to Desna* ccntinebatur. Idem IV, Aiiguilo crefcit fub principc ccelum. Hoc ejl 9 maunu Dfonem augclur. CfauUaxus : providus zther Noluit hurnano titulos auferre labori . Sedulius : Quid apemus eft Patre tefte, Coelo af- fenore. w So Ovid, Met.Vni.6i8. imrnemftt ejt, Jbumqme potextia cxli bat ft. , Ep'v 1 :. Hsauui* fupercs naupiam tettgtre qxcreLe, Nee 'zzgaftciarumfcnetTaat coicoui* Cfbim. Aufonius, Grat-A^ione. Angnfe Jeoau, et bttmam generis reScr boc tribust* a/, 6fr. REMARKS ON SPENSER. So Heaven fofnetimes, in the holy Scriptures, and often in the Rabbinical writers^ is the name of God. See Whitby on Matth. iii. 2. and the Com- mentators on Matth. xxi. 25. S T A N Z. XXVI 1I > XX XI I. Wherewith, the Souldan all with fury fraught, Commanded ftraight his armour to be brought ; And mounted ftraight upon a charet high, With iron wheels and hooks arm'd dreadfully.* But the bold Child that peril well efpying, If he too ramly to his charet drew, Gave way unto his horfe's fpeedy flying. See an account of thefe chariots, cttrnts falcait, in QiCurtius, IV. 9. Alexander bade his foldiers avoid them, laxatis ordimbm. IV. 13. s T A N z. xxxv. That made him rave, like to a lion Which being wounded of the htintfman's hand, Cannot come near him in the covert wood; Where he with boughs hath built his (hady ftand, And fenc'd himfelf about with many a flaming brand. The lion fears fire. Homer, II. A. 553. aj rt TPII sirau^fvof &!(>. j quas lionet 9 viokntus S T A N Z. OK SFEy-SEi. S T A X Z. vh tac ocrj-nKwdKd flecds, whidi drew The Sun's bright wain no Phaetoa's decay, Soon as they did die mooftroos Scorpio* YICW, auglycrapicscniwlingindidr The dieadml figfat did them to tore affiay, Tlut tfaeir wefl knoven coories ikey lonrenc;; And leading th* ever-boming lamp a|bar v 7 ; 1: . ;: - -_:'_i --. ii; :; i^--; ;.-;-:. And kft Aeir foorcbed patb jet in the nrmamrnr. If the leader examines tbefc lines, he win find in ^iczi i r-^r cillfi s-iii-^c-rj. i .g"-:f viBcft ^~c"ir: eel.: . zr"~ _:.~ LI. ii~: :: ri :::"'_"::::. He iiiiitairs Ovid here. Dot Tancs a bode finooi him: for Ovid tcfis us, that the frightened FhaedKMi, MetU. 198. H*x$s*r ft mgri. aw&fev/u&r g&imfns&x bra rzmcft, Nstalis CocEe?. Vf. i. Feuerxa PtmOmtam i* <* e *d mni &&, m* L&r* a Sarfmmem, a& via d*r ufta - "".,". ::...". ' : ' ' . Z. 214 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. XLVII. Like raging Ino, when with knife in hand She threw her hufband's murdred infant out ; Or fell Medea, when on Colchick (brand Her brother's bones fhe fcatter'd all about ; Or as that madding Mother, 'mongft the rout Of Bacchus' priefts, her own dear fleih did tear. Yet neither Ino, nor Medea flout, Nor all \hcMocKades [Masnades] fo furious were. 'Raging Ino 3 &V : See Natalis Comes, VIII. 4. By the madding Mother he means, I fuppofe, Agave, who tore her fon Pentbeus to pieces. CANTO IX. 13. Like as the fowler on his guileful pipe Charms to the birds full many a pleafant lay. So in Colin Clout's Come Home Again: The Shepherd's boy * Sat, as his cuftom was, upon a day, Charming his oaten pipe unto his peers. STANZ. XXXI, XXXII. All lovely daughters of high Jove, that hight Litzc, by him begot in love's delight, Upon the righteous Themis : thofe they fay Upon Jove's judgment-feat wait day and night : And when in wrath he threats the world's decay, They do his anger calm, and cruel vengeance (lay. Thofe REMARKS OK SPENSER. _ 115 Thofc did upon Manila's throne attend : Juft Dice, wife Eunomy, mild Eirene ; And them amoogft, her giory to commend, S.L: gxxily Tr-pcrir.ce in gi~e-:i dean, And (acred Reverence, y born of heavenly firece. Homer, IL I. 498. Amu an Etaum frecesfnt Jeuufb* maggi, So, according to Homer, die Lice are not very handlbme : nor does he give us their names, or number. Dice, Eunomie, and EtFene, accord- ing to Hefiod, are the H*-*, daughters of Jupiter and Themis. Theog. 901. A^m ^yrri Xira^r O^a, 5 T P^ dMatfpkn&dam Tc*mn y qt* ptpait Horas, y ct ImnforaOem. Sacred Revo-ace feems to be taken from Ovid, Faft, V. ao. -S^ oEytufofo, podtx, Sa&m, tnttoa, Afostmrfa pick JMrt Dems. vr /fiaw, placubqpe facts Rfvcnuti* vsl/a Corpora, legiamis uefjfr tori*. P 4 C A KTQ 2l6 REMARKS ON SPENSER, CANTO X. 3. From th' utmoft brink of the Armerick fhorc, Unto the margent of the Molucas ? Armorick, I fuppofe. S T A N Z. X. With his two-headed dog, that Orthrus hight - 3 Orthrus, begotten by great Typhaon And foul Echidna, in the houfe of Night. Hefiod, Theog. 306. T?f $ ['E^/Ji/>;] Tvtyciovai (fix H J7/V [Echidnge] Typhaonem alunt mlftitm efje amore, Vehement em et violent um ventum, nigris oculis decor* pue$ Ilia vero. gravlda fatta peperit fortes fllos. Orthum qttidem prlmo canem peperit Geryom. See alfo Silius Italicus, XIII. 845. and Heinfius there. Orthus, or Orthrus, was brother to Cerberus, S T A N z. xxiv. Some place {hall us receive, and harbour yield : And if all fail, yet farewell open field : The earth to all her creatures lodging lends. Obferve this ufe of the word farewell, or fat-well, as K.E31ARKS OK SPENSER. as it is fpelled in FoL Edit. or /BY -zdl, as perhaps it fliould be written. c A $ T o :::.:- That it was be which whilom did attend On fair Irena in her affliction. Spenfer ehher wrote Iren', abbreviating the . as he often does ; or Irene, making it a diffyUable. In Fol. Edit, it is Irene. So in this Book, IX. 52. he makes Eirene a cjiflyllable. . BOOK VL C T 1 O S T A X Z. If. Guide ye my footing, and conduct me well In thefe ftrange ways, where never TOOL did ufe a Ne none cm find, but who was taught them by ^ the Mde. Lucretius, I. 915. . .fob. S T AH Z. REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. VI. But where fhall I in all antiquity So fair a pattern find, where may be feen The goodly praife of princely courtefy, As in yourfelf, O fovereign Lady Queen ? In whofe pure mind, as in a mirror fheen, It fliows, and with her brightnefs doth inflame The eyes of all, which thereon fixed been ; But meriteth indeed an higher name : Yet fo from low to high uplifted is your name. Perhaps name mould be changed to fame in the lift line, or laft but one, that name may not rhyme to itfelf. But the fame fault is to be found, 111. III. 22. CANTO II. 2. For fome fo goodly gracious are by kind, That every aftion doth them much commend, And in the eyes of men great liking find. What is here faid with great fimplicity and homelinefs of ftyle by Spenfer, is politely and elegantly expreiTed in thefe lines, of a poem, printed araongft thofe of Tibullus, IV. 11. 7. qulcqmd agit, quoqub VtftigiajkRifa Componlt fur tint) ftihfiqmtitrque decor. $ T A N Z* * EM ARKS ON SPENSER. 21 9 STANZ. XXXIX. But Trifirom then, dcfpoiling that dead knight Of all thofc goodly ornaments of praife, Long fed his greedy eyes with die fair fight Of the bright metal, mining like fun-rays ; Handling and r^rzirg :he~ 2 thouiinc irays. Virgil, JEn. VUL 618. file De* Jaus ft laxto Let MS fomre, ExpUrl meyntj atpe ocxbs ferjbgala : ; ACratxrqxt, imttryu mans ft brat TaT&jlem criJKs galeans, "Which alfb is copied from Homer. CANTO VI. 10, IX. Echidna is a monfter direful dread, Whom Gods do hate, and Heavens abhor to fee; So hideous is her (hape, fo huge her head, That ev'n the hellHh Fiends affrighted be At fight thereof, and from her prefence flee, Yet did her fece and former parts profds A fair young maiden, full of comely glee ; But all her hinder parts did plain exprefs A monftrous dragon, full of fearful ugtinefs. To her the Gods, for her fo dreadful face, In fearful darkneis, furtheft from the flue, And from the earth, appointed have her place 'Moagfr, rocks zed cares, where flie enrolTd doth lie In 220 REMARKS ON SPENSER, In hideous horror and obfcurity, Wafting the ftrength of her immortal age. Taken from Hefiod, Quoy. 295. 'H J' rr)t' aAAo xoAi; uzzro 3fwv, pa ot Ja<r<ravlo S'foj xA H r^tal Jpfa infuper peperlt allud monftrum, ingcns, mini fim'i* Mortdibus hominibus, neque immortalibus Diis, Specu in coucavo, dlvinam ammo mfra^io Ecbldnam : Dimidiam nympkam, nigris oculis, pulckm gems, Dlmidlam item ingentem ferpenteni, borrcndumque ti magnum, Varium., crudivorum, diving fub cavernis tcrr<e. Illic vero ei fpecus eft. in imo, cava fub petra, Proculab immortalibufque Diis, mortaUbufque bominibtts ; Ibi fane ei dejlinarunt Dii inclitas domos i/icolere, Atque coercebatur apud Syr os fub terra tetra Echidna^ Immortalis nympha, et fenii expers diebus omnibus, CANTO 'ARZS ON SPEXSE*. 121 c A y i o. vn. 19. The whiles, Ins Jabrage page, that wont be preft, andred in the wood another way, T D be c .-. And at the foot thereof a gentle flood His filver waves did foftly tumble down, Unmarr'd- wirtv ragged aicrfs or filthy mod ; Ne mote wild beafts, ne mote the ruder clown - Thereto approach, ne filth mote therein orowc Ovid, Met. 111.407. ftms ar&t titimu, niiidu argattcns rnndi;, Qua* tuque pcfteres, IK yu pafl* mnte capdLf Ccntigcraxt, ahtuhe pecus : quern nuUa vdmcris, Necftra tsrbsret, me tepfus *b arbsrc ramus. s T-A x z. ix. That even her own Cytheron, though in it She [Venus] ufed mod to keep her royal couxt t He (hould have (aid Cjtbera* So again, III. vi. 29. -iher in Paphos, or Cytheron hiH, Or it in Gaidus be, I wote not well. 5 T A N z 22Z REMARKS ON SPENSER* S T A N Z. XIII. Look how the crown, which Ariadne wore Upon her ivory forehead that lame day That Thefeus her unto his bridal bore, When the bold Centaurs made that bloody fray With the fierce Lapithes, which did them difmay It was not at the wedding of Thefeus and Ariadne, but of Pirithous and Hippodamia^ that the Centaurs and Lapitha? fought. S T A N Z. XXII, XXIV, Speaking of the Graces : They are the daughters of fky-ruling Jove, By him begot of fair Eurynome, The Ocean's daughter, in this pleafant grove, As he this way coming from feaftful glee Of Thetis' wedding with ^cidee, In fummer's fhade himfelf here reflcd weary. The firft of them hight mild Euphrofyne, Next fair Aglaia, lad Thalia merry. Therefore they always fmoothly feem to finile, That we likewife fhould mild and gentle be ; And alfo naked arc, that without guile Or falfe difiemblance all them plain may fee, Simple and true from covert malice free : And eke themfelves fo in their dance they bore, That two of them flill forward feem'd to be, But one ftill towards fhew'd her felf afore ; Wat good Jhould from us go, then corns in greater Jiore. A friend on spfi^sr A vttrd it ftooid be/rvowdL tvsaerd. As i is not unlikely tfeit die be mifendczfiooiJ by Ibme readers,- I Cull explain k. t&x csms, im grtsUr ^i ~.'z ; ^ . :r. ~ i.: ...c _'. z .-f r '. i TT i : ir. ^ :'.?. ; ~i.ir...~ =" is, t&et,ga*4JkgmU* from K i* gnmixr/xK :sam .-:--; ;. _- : _::_i: - .- ^.:__ ;.. -,;; ;-.: :. ,.-.. ^ i..~.-LT. *; For vC^or helhooldhanre fad Madia, boi Ac ibyme woald not admk it. Pcdiaps JEMalse: bat the old Engiifli poets tool: firangelflicmes _._. _ __ '".. i _ TM -^ _^ n-g"^ .-..." _...': .._......:. ..: ..... -.._::_ --- > .. j ------- ; this abqfiy^-nnfhcrrfifally in my opinioia, in d& my Mfrn, 1 k*4 thmgAt this 1*4 turn tl* A-;' . .: :.--:-;: TTMJ -;: _;.;_: --;.:.- : ^rif ,/bK Pt>gx/9*l ft itAwi&tte frtaa atiiafm. Xby mrgdjsm -a*& ja ate them t tffetr fir artoam Pareg^csl csm- kfm* * tmpriaus PjsiaxSrf tf let-'.. jy$kl? srf I&r msfter* ; 2^4 REMARKS ON SPENSEK. Rtmotiftrant, they were net making Latins : if in foal- ing with an outlandijh name, they thought it beft not to f crew the Englifh mouth to a harjh foreign termina- tion, fo they kept the radical word, they did no more than the eleganteft authors among the Greeks, Romans, and at this day the Italians^ in f corn of fuch a fertility, vfe to do* Remember how they mangle our Britifo names abroad : what trefpafs were it, if we in requital Jbould as much negleft theirs ? And our learned Chau- cer didnotftick to do fo ; writing Semyramus/or Se- jniramisa Amphiorax for Amphiaraus, K. Sejes/or K. Ceyx, the hujband of Alcyone ; -with many other names yftrangely met amorphi fed from true orthogra- phy, if he had made any account cf that in theft kind of words. Animadv. upon the Remonftr, Defence againfl Smedlymnus. \ What Spenfer fays of the Graces, is from Hefiod and Seneca. Hefiod, Theog. 907. TiV Si ol Vresvero ei [ Jovi] Eurynome Gratias pepcrit pulchras genas kabevtes, Oceanifilia, pcroptabilem formam habens, dglaiam, et Euphrofynen, Thaliamquc amabilem. Seneca, De Benef. I. 3. Nnm dlcam quare tres y et quarc fororesfint, et qiwe mwhis bnpkxis, 09 SPENSER. 225 ifure TJ*Mtts,jgats, <i tarybrf, jMrfrf ar ac jdhnifr & miJem nrr cafatf MOB *fp* jktbae- .','- "<=. ;: jf _' . : .:.". :::_:; ^ : JJ_". -:- . tnul ct tayperstimm m^UntanMV. fA. friend of nir:^ read3 ; ^ : ^^ be- tfcor^ir- /^~- ; pnmenm- if [Sec Gnxxnius.] Jwreta: fam mtm ht tf m ,~m r : 9 y_y_ r j- r ____ f * - . - __ 1>J 400, aftC mmfitlfH . dflOuu UBft fmMHIS mlfW* M&- ' _ : _:; :; : : : .' . -' ^ ... .; v ::.; : :- :. It is a vulgar error to imagine that die ancients ahrars reprefeiKed the Graces naked. S T A X Z. XXXIV. Whence e'er lie did recov'r, he did him quell, And hewing off his bead, it yccicmed Before the feet of she feir Paftord; Who fcarcely yet from former fear exempted, A ::::^-i ::~-i him :i^:k'j ? ^: ci^ he: Jri'i: pvcventeo. : :r.:e ::::;'..: :..i:. :: ~ i-.r '. t - = -."; ::r\: :-- nd hewing^off his head, tt it presented. E. 226 REMARKS ON SPENSER. But I now rather think, that Spenfer makes ke&d a dhTyllable ; fa-ad, as they flill pronounce it in fome places. BOOK VII. CANTO VI. 3. Speaking with reference to Jovr, the poet men- tions, Hecate, in whofe almighty hand He plac'd all rule and principality. So Hefiod, Theog. 411. *fixaT>jj/ Tfxf, TOV Tfftc} vroi'jluy Ztuf TtLpovifas T'u>)<rt. T^c^fv Siol oi'y'ha.oi <Twa, Moi^av t%w ya.\-w rt xj drgvyiroio S-aAotVouf. Hecaten peperit, quam fuper omnes Jupiter Saturnius honor civil : dedit vtro eifpkndida dona, Poteftatem ni babcat terraque, et inexkaitjli marls. S T A N Z. XX. " Ye know, fays Jupiter to the Gods, that we quite deftroyed the giants ;" Yet not fo quite, but that there did fucceed An offspring of their blood, which did alite Upon the fruitful earth, which doth us yet defpite. Ovid, REMARKS o: Z1U ^^J Ovid, Met. L 156. Olrnrta mole fta arm c*rpar*iBr*jacemt, Pfrfitjam muho natorm Jaagtaie Terra* Ixcabdjfefermt, caMtmqtu ammdgt crmarem^ Ef me x*&ifsr<efcrp!S mojumtMla maxfrtxt, Imfadem vtrfife botmxam : fed ft i Et viefaitafmf : farts -t fortune xatos. s T A s z. xzir. and xxx. \\Tiat is faid of Jupiter's nod is taken from that paflage in Homer, fo well known, that it need not be quoted. s T A y z. XTIX. Jupiter fi; I would have thought, that bold Procruftes" hire, Or Typhon's fell, or proud Ixion's pain, Or great Prometheus* tafting of our ire, Would have fuffic'd the reft for to reftrain, j all men, by their example, to refrain. The example of Procruftes is not to die purpofe, : offended particularly againft Ju- piter, nor was puniihed by him. He wasfiain by Thr. C A 228 REMARKS ON SPENSER, CANTO VII. 10. And all the earth far underneath her feet Was dight with flow'rs, that voluntary grew Out of the ground, and fent forth odours fweet. 'Tis a common thing among the poets to call forth flowers, and make them fprirrg up fpontane- ouily, to honour the Gods, or perfons of diftinftion. Homer led the way, and thus lings upon a certain occafion : II. S. 347. ToHrj tT JTTO p^Jhov J7<x (fivtv noS"nXia TOO/JIV, Atolov & tu(TJiv7a, lit xeoxov $3? JaxivS'w IIuxv(>v Xj petXxMV. Hos aut cm fatter tellus 'divina ftonmifit recent em herb am, Lotumqu? rofddum, et crocum, et kyatintbum D enfant et mollem. Hefiod.' Theog. 194. IIo(ro'j UTTO p Profit verb vcneranda formofa dea : circurn verb herba Pe dibits fab moUibus crefeebat. Claudian is very profufe of grafs and flowers. Conf. Pr. et Ol. 115. he lays of Theodofius, Cefplie gramineo confederate arbore fultits jlcclitKS biiHieros. Downturn gavifa coronal Terra fttum, furguntque tons major ibus herb*. See REMARKS ON SPENSER* 229 Hon. et Mar. 188. Rapt. Prof. II. 71. Laud. Serense, 89. S T A N Z. XII. Was never fo great joyance, fince the day That all the Gods \vhilom afiembled were On Hzmus* hill in their divine array, To celebrate the folemn bridal chear Twixt Peleus and dame Thetis. It was not H*mus, but Pdion, where the Gods met upon that occafion. STAN z. xvn, &c. U'ha: follows, concerning the mutability of all things, may be compared with the difcourfe of Pythagoras upon that fubjed, in Ovid, Met. XV. ,65. Omnla mutantur : ni&l tntcrit , fsk. Spenter certainly had it in view. s T A N z. xxxvi. It was the beaft that whilom did forray < Tbc Nemaean foreft, till th* Amphytrior.:ie Him flew. Read, Ampkitrytmide. ^ IQ 230 REMARKS ON SPENSEfc, In Hughes' Edit. Th' Nem*anforejl Which feems to be right. Concerning the adjective Nem<an or Nemesax, fee Munker on Hyginus, Fab. XXX. Not. d. S T A N Z. XXXVII I. Next him September marched eke on foot ; In his one hand, as fit for harveft's toyl, He held a knife-hook ; and in th' other hanc] A pair of weights. La Balance rft \_avj our dhu'i] reprefenlte avec fes deux bajfins, pofie fimplement fur la terre. Manikyj&int un homme qui lafouttent^ et la tlent en qftion: Humana eft facies Librz, dit it. Les anciens Calendriers la faifoient foutenir par la Vurge : mats cet emploi fut de- kgug a Augiifte par les flatteurs de fon temps. Lt$ j&gyptiens attrwuoilnt ceite fonfiion a un loomme^ qv.i Jbutenant la balance de la mam droife, tenoh de la gauche meperche,oumefured* arpenteur. Huetiana. pag. 394* S T A N Z. XXXIX. He fays of Scorpius : The fame that by Diana's doom unjufl, Slew great Orion. Why &EJ4A1KS OH CFEHSER Why wjr^f ? fince Orion gave the provocation, by attempting to nvifti her. But, according to fome he did :ic:hbg : T : . XL. The feed of Saturn and fair Nais, China bight. was Ion of Saturn, and ofPhilyra daughter of S T A X 2. III. 5;ta3ungofCapriconi, Upoa a (haggy-beaxdcd goat he rade; The &rne wherewith Dan Jove in tender yes: They uy, was nouriih'd by th* Idaean maid. * He confounds Capricorn with AmaJthea's goat. s T A x z. ZLII. Ttten came old January, wrapped well In many weeds to keep the coid away : Upon an huge great eanh-potftean he flood ; From whole wide mouth there . flowed forth the Roman flood. The RamatJxJ, I fuppofe, is rifew: be: jiovand Apgraa are two diftin& conftribtion^ Q 4 TAX: REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. But you, Dan Jove, that only conftant arc, And king of all the reft, as ye do claim, Are you not fubjedt eke to this misfare ? Then let me aik you this, withouten blame, Where were ye born ? fpme fay in Crete by name, Others in Thebes, and others other-where. The Heathens that were learned in their own Theology, reckoned up three Jupiters ; one of Crete, two of Arcadia. Cicero, de Nat. Depr. III. 21. Principle Jovcs tres numerant.ii, qui theologi nomi- nantur : ex quibus primum et fecundwn natos in Arcadia : tertium Crefenfim. There is a Theban Jupiter often mentioned in Herodotus, and fo called, be- caufe he had a temple at Thebes in ^Egypt. You may find an account of a Jupiter born at Thebes, in Natalis Comes, II. i. THE SHEPHERD'S CALENDAR. FEBRUARY. The block oft groaned under his blow, And fighed to fee his near overthrow. In fine the tfeel had pierced his pith, Tho' down to the ground he fell forthwith. His wondrous weight made the ground to quake. Virgil, REMARKS ON SPEKSEl. 233 Virgil, JEn. II. 628. Ilia ufoe mitatftr, Et tremefafta comam concvjjb vertice nutat ; Vclnerwt's donee paidlatim cviSafttpremuM Congemuit, traxitqtu jttgis avolfa rwnom* OCTOBER. For ever who in dening-<lo were dread, The lofty verfe of them was loved aye. This feems to be copied from Claudian, Pnef. ad II. Coni". Stil. Gaudft enlm Virtus tt#<s Jibi jungtre Mujas: Carmen am&t qirifquis carmine digna fjclt. IBID. ' ' \\Tiat fignifies it, fays the Shepherd, to receive no other recompenfe than praife r" So praifen babes the peacock's (potted train, And wondrea at bright Argus' blazing eye : But who rewards him ere the more for-thy ? Or feeds him once the fuller by a grain ? Laudalur, et alget! lays Juvenal, Sat. L 74. and again, Sat. VII. 30. didicii jam dives avorits Tantum admtrari, tantum Lutdart d'fcrtos, Ut pueri JUJIOKU Avem. Ariftoph. Equ. 551. N O V E M B E REMARKS ON SPENSER. K O V M B E R. Whence is it, that the flowret of the field doth fade, And lieth buried long in winter's bale ? Yet, foon as fpring his mantle hath difplayde, It flowreth frefh, as it Ihould never fail. But thing on earth that is of mod avail, As virtue's branch, and beauty's bud, Reliven not for any good. Tibullus, I. iv. 31. Crudeles Diyi ! ferpens novus exuat amos f Forma no/t uliam Fata dedere morani ? Ovid, Art. Amat. III. 77, Anguibus exuitur tenui cum pelle vetujlas -, Necfachnt cervos cornuajatfafe/ies. Nqftrafine auxilio fugmnt bond. Catullus, V. 3. Soles of cider e & redire pojfunt : Nobis, qmm fimel occidit brevis lu%) Nox eft perpetua una dwmienda, IBID. XJnwife and wretched men, toweet what's good or ill, We deem of death as doom of ill defert : But knew we, fools, what it us brings until, Die would we daily, once it to expert. 8 Lucan, REMARKS OK S*H*&* I : . Loon, very beautifully, IV. 519. D C E M 1 7 And tried time yet taught me greater things : The fudden rifing of the raging feas ; The footh of birds by bearing of their wings; The power of herb?, both which can hurt and eafe : And which be wont t* enrage the rcftleis (keep, And vhkh be wont to werjt eternal But ah, unwiie and widefc Colin Clout? Tkat kydit the hidden kinds of many a weed; Yet kydft not one to cure thy (ore heart-root, Whofe rankling wound as yet does rifely bleei Ovid, Met. I. 521. mechu mtum e#; opiferqxe per orbem Hri vul'iy ynd nSis cmor efl zuJicabilu bcrtisz }\cc profiat jomaO) yufprcfiat omnibus j ortu? IBID. And thus, of all my hatveft hope, I have Nought reaped, but a weedy crop of care ; Which whtfn.I thought t' have threfc'd in ftrclling theavc, Cockle for com, and chaff for barley bare. Virg:!. 236 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Virgil, Eel. V. 36. Grandia ftpe quibus mandavimus hordea fulcis, Jnfelix lolium, et Jleriles dominant ur oven*. Job xxxi. 38. If my land cry againft me, - let thiftles grow injlead of wheat, and cockle inftead of barky. EPILOGUE. In this Epilogue, in which he fings his Exegt, he fays, Dare not to match thy pipe with Tityrus his ftile, Nor with the Pilgrim that the Plough-man plaid awhile : But follow them far off, and their high fteps adore. From Statins, Theb. XII. 816. Vive, precor, nee tu dhinam j&ne'ida tenta, Sed longefequere, et vejligia femper adora. COLIN CLOUT's COME HOME AGAIN. Whilil thou waft hence, all dead in dole did lie; The woods were heard to wail full many a figh, And all the birds with filence to complain ; The fields with faded flowers did feem to mourn, And all their flocks from feeding to refrain j The running waters wept for thy return, And all their fi(h with languor did lament : Pjut now both woods, and fields, and floods revive, Sith thou art come, their caufe of merriment. Virgil, S.EH ARCS OH SMMtt/- I : - EcL VH.55- 10 tffeff , nUhff afaaatmfeas, :- M-f fgff" BL/lg ^Ofrsfft Silt JJJlt Jaffif - ~ ' - -,---.--*..,.. - - s,P. ?:; : Te naftea riiere rctfpte. I x i D. : hare here a dcfcri pdoa of a (hip, br 2 Stephen! who kad imrcr fen one before : For as we flood there trailing oa d* f&ood, Beboid, an huge, great vetfe: :o us ram^, Dazciog upoa the water's bock to load, .: (com'd die danger of d&c :"_ Vt- 238 REMARKS ON Yet was it but a wooden frame, and frail, Clewed together with fome fubtile matter ; Yet had ir arms, and wings, and head, and tail* And life to move itfelf upon the water. Strange thing, how bold and fwift the monfler was I That neither car'd for wind, nor hail, nor rain, Nor fwelling waves, but thorough them did pafs So proudly, that (he made them roar again. Cicero, De Nat. Deor. II. 35. " Ilk apud Attium pajlor, qtd navem numqttam ante vidffet, nt procul d'winwn et novum vchiculum Ar~ gomutarum e monte conjpexit, primo admirans et per* territus, hoc modo loquitur : Tanta moles labitur Fremebunda ex alto, ingenti fonitu etjlrepltu : Prtefe undas vofoit : vortices vi-fufcitat, Rv.it prolapfa : pelagus refpergit : pro/ltd f, &c" See the notes of Dr. Davies. 'Tis likely Spenfer had thefe in his mind* Dryden, Conquefl of Mexico : Guy* At laft, as far as I could caft my eyes Upon the fea, fomewhat methougfrt did rife Like bluifhmifts, which ftilUpproaching more, Took dreadful (hapes, an,d moy'd towards the more. The objedl 1 could firft diftindly view, Was tall ftrcight trees, wjiich on the waters flew. Wings OK 3PEKSER. 2JO. Wings on their fides inftead of leaves did grow, Which gather'd all the breath the winds could blow : And tt dwir roots grew floating palaces, Whofe out-biow'd bellies cut the ykkiir. g What divine monfiers, O ye Gods, were thefe, That float in air, and flie upon the feas ! Came they alive or dead upon the Ihore ? Gxy. Alas, they liv'd, too fure ; 1 beard them roar : All turn'd their fides, and to each other fpoke : I few their words break out in fire and (moke. Sure 'tis their voice that thunders from on high, Or thefe the younger brothers of the ftie. IBID. So far that land, our mother, did us leave, And nought but fea and heaven to us appear. Virgil, JEn. III. 192. Pojlqxam alftm tenure rates, nee jam amp&a ulLe Jpparatt tar*, arlxm taufic**, et wrfupu pottxs. IBID. Or !:.- rde true, In which all colours of the rainbo\v be. The Emperor Nero faid of the do CoBa Cjtbcriac* fikndcnt <$Uaia cQlianb*. Which verfe his tutor Seneca commends gre . -Nat. Quaeil. I. 5. And indeed it is not a bad IBID. REMARKS ON SPENSER. IBID. Her name on every tree I will endofsy That as the trees do grow, her name may grow, Virgil, Eel. X. 53. more elegantly r tenerifque meos inddere amores Arboribus : crefcent ilia : crefcetis amores* IBID. Venus, fays he, is Both male and female. So the ancients : Venus 'Av^^-w^. Catullus calls her duplex Amatbufa. See alfo Servius on Virgil, JEn. II. 632. IBID. And well I wote, that oft have heard it fpoken, How one that faireft Helene did revile, Through judgment of the Gods to been ywroken, Loft both his eyes, and fo remain'd long while, Till he recanted had his wicked rimes, And made amends to her with treble praife. He fpeaks of the Poet Stefichorus. VIRGIL'S REMARKS ON SPENSER. 24! VIRGIL's GNAT. Spenfer (hould not have undertaken to tranflate the CULEX. His verfion is in many places wrong, and in fome fenfelefs ; nor is k any wonder, for the original is fo corrupted, that no fenfe can be made of many lines in it, without having recourfe to conjecture ; and where k is not corrupted, it is often very intricate and obfcure. Scaliger has done much hi his excellent notes towards fettling and illuftrating it : but after all, the commentary is better than the text; and we may (ay of Scaliger's Culex, what Scaliger faid of Cafaubon's Periius : La fauce vaut mieux qut k poijjbn, I know not how to believe that Virgil is the author of that poem, though Scaliger is fiilly perfuaded of it. S T A N Z. II. The golden offspring of Latona pure, And ornament of great Jove's progeny, Phoebus (hall be the author of my fong. Toe ornament of great Jove's progtiy. What is that ? the moft illuftrious of all Jove's children ? That is the beft fenfe that can be put upon it ; but it is fomewhat wide of the text : Late**, magmque fccus Jovii, aur*a proles, Pbeebus frit eoftri frlnctps et carmims a*8or. R S T A M 2, 242 REMARKS ON SPENSER, S T A N Z. III. And the fweet waves of founding Caftaly With liquid foot doth flide down eaftly. Perhaps, wave. Cajldidque fonans liquldo pede labitur unda. But waves dothjlide, is in Spenfer's manner. S T A N Z. VI. Nor how mount Athos through exceeding might Was digged down. Not digged down, but digged through. Non perf of/its Athos. 30. S T A N Z. VII. Nor Hellefpont, trampled with horfes feet, When flocking Perfians did the Greeks affray. Non Hellefpont us pedibus pulfatus equorum, Grtfcia cum timuit vententes undlque Per fas. Obferve, that the author of this poem here imi- tates Lucretius, III. 845. Ad confligendum venientibus undique P>ns. s T A N z. REMARKS C: ER. 213 S T A X Z. XI. The whiles another high doth overlook Her own like image in a cryftal brook- So he renders *.* itta Imndnet in rim prafi&ith imagims undo*. Which muft be corrected, before it can be tranf- lated. S T A H Z. X He makes himfelf foil blkh, With fundry flowers in wild fields gathered. ilil Flaribus agreJUs barb* varuptt&iu adfknt. I rather think that fora varunties are flowers painted and ftreaked with divers colours. So ttara jkres; var'ue com* forum ; varii ra&mi; wa varia; i'ariavejlis; varia tigris; au&tot Tntx&a, and the like; . h are to be found perpetually in this fenfe. S T A W Z. XIX. As that Aitrean bard, whofe fame now rings, &:c. Specfer wrote, or feould have written, Afcrtm. HefpeaksofHefiod. T A N 2, 244 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T AN Z. XX. Hyperion, throwing forth his beams full hot, Into the higheft top of heaven gan clime; And the world parting by an equal lot, Did flied his whirling flames on either fide, As the great ocean doth himfelf divide. The lafl line is obfcure in this tranflation. Tendit inevettus radios Hyperionis ardor, Lucidaque <thereo ponit difcrimina mundo, ^uajacit oceanum fammas in utrumque rapaces. He fhould not have tranHated mundtts, the world : mundus here, as in the beft writers, is coslum. S T A N Z. XXII. to which of yore Came the bad daughter of old Cadmus' brood, Cruel Agave, flying vengeance fore Of king Nidileus. quo quondam viflii furore' Venll Nyflileum fugi'ns Cadmeis Agave This is corrupted. Nyflelius is one of the appella- tions of Bacchus. s T A N z. xxvi. And that fame tree, in which Demophoon By his difloyalty, lamented fore, Eternal hurt left unto many a one. Strange ARKS ON SPENSER. 245 Strange (tuff this! But the original is corrupted, Poferius, ad Dtmopboo* *terxa re&put Perf&u* lamemiojdi mala, fafJa mutes. See Scaliger. Phyllis, thinking flic was fbrfaken by Deinophoon, hanged herfelf, (ay fome, and was changed in amygdalrm. She died of grief, lay others, and where (he was buried, trees fprung up, which at certain times mourn her death, by (bedding their leaves. See Hyginus, Fab. LJX. Ovid. Art. Amat. III. 37. Remed. 55. and 591. Hence may be guefled what tree k is that the author of the Culex fpeaks of. IBID. Whom als accompanied the oak, of yore Through fatal charms transform'd to fuch an one. He is miftaken here. %*am comitabaitgr fjtalia carm'ata qxerau. Fatalia carmina, fatlcf yieerau, junLJcTf Nam in DoJax* reJL&bayt vrjodstm. SCALIGER. S T A N Z. X5VJJ. Here alfo grew the rougher-rinded pine, The great Argoan (hip's brave ornament, Whom golden Fleece did make an heavenly fign ; Which coveting, with his high top's extent, To make the mountains touch the ftars divine, Decks all the fbreft with embellifliment. R 3 This 246 REMARKS ON SPENSER. This is fcarce fenfe. Hie magnum Argo<e navi deem edit a pinus Proceras decor at filvas hirfuta per artv.s ; Appetit aereis contingere montibus ajira. Perhaps it fhould be pinus, Proceras dccorznsjilvas, hirfuta per art us , Appetit aereis contingere montibus aftra. This conjecture came into Scaliger's mind ; but he rejected it. The meaning of the laft line feems to be, that the pine, a tall tree, growing alfo on the moun- tains, ftrives to reach the iky. Ovid, Met. I. 94. Nondum c*fafnis, peregrinum ut viferet orbem, Montibus, in liquidas p'mus defcenderat undas. Catullus, de Nupt. Pel. et Thet. v. i. Peliaco qiw;idam pro%nat# vertice plnus Dicuntur liquidas, &c. See Homer, II. n. 482. quoted before, p. 102. Burman conjectures, Appetit aeris contingere frontibus ajlrn* Not. ad Ovid, Met. X. 91. S T A N Z. REMARKS ON SPENSER. 247 S T A M Z. XXXIV. When as at faft be fpide Hut flock's grand captain, and moft trafly guide. He tranflatcs as if it were ageafai. s T A M z. XLIII. And fpoiftl of Charon, to and fro am toft. He has not well exprefs'd, Pr*** Qmrmtis ^&r. S T A iff Z. XI. VI. I few another's fete approaching feft, And left mine own \nsfsfetj \<o tender; Into the feme mHhap I nowamcaft, And (hiHin'd detraction doth deftraerion render : Not onto him that never hath trefpaft, Bat panifliment is due to the offender. Yet let deftroctioo be the panifliment, So long as ihaokfd will may k relent. This is foffidendy pbfcure. The original in- deed is in ba 248 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Inftantia vidi Alterius, fine refpeftu mea fata relinqiiens. Adpariles agor event us : fit pcena merenti: Pcena fit exitium : mo do fit dum grata voluntas, Exiftat par officium. " Corruptiflima hasc funt, et perturbatifiima. Ita lego: fit pcena merenti, Pxnafit exitium, modo, fi cui grata voluntas, Exiftat par officium. Age pleflar" fane, et mihi pccna pro beneficio fit j dum tamcn fi cui gratus animus eft, is parem gratiam mihi referat. Si qua eft gratia, mutuis officiis me remuneretur." SCAL. Spenfer makes fafety a word of three fyllables, hisfafe'ty to tender. He does fo very often. See Fairy Queen, II. x. 64. II. xn. 17. III. v. 36. III. ix. 40. III. x. 41 and 42. III. xn. 38. V. iv, 46, I. ix. i. I. xi. 33. VI. vr. 38. VI. vin. 34. In like manner he ufes fetteled, faftened, ripened, attomment\ and many other words. s T A N z. XLVII. For there huge Othos fits in {lid diftrcfs, Fall bound with ferpents, that him oft invades ; Far off behold ing Ephialtes tide, once aflail'd to burn this world fo wide. Nam REMARKS ON SPENSER. Nam vtnSnsfedet immanis ferpentibus O.'bos, DeoiSum mx/hu prccul adjfidens Epbialten, Conati quondam cam fat incendere mundxm. He tranflares dttictum, tide, as if it were c-: turn. AndMitKium, tktWcrid, which means Heaven. Perhaps procul here is not far off, but near} not far off. It fhould be, perhaps, Ccncti quondam cumfnt infcendere mundum* Tofcale the heavens. Every boy knows the ftory. Scaliger and Lindenbroghis are filent here, and I have no other commentator to confiilt. Infiead of c Which once aJfatTd" i: (hould be perhaps, affafd. Thus, Sonnet XIV. Such haughty minds, enur*d to hardy fight, Difdain to yield unto the firft afiay. s T A x z. XLTIII. And there is mournful Tityus, mindful yet Of thy difpleafure, O Latona fair; Difpleafure too implacable was it, That made him meat for wild fowls of the air. Et Tityes, Latona, tux memor anxius ir, Inplacabilis tra nimu,jacet alitis ejca. The laft line is a filly and ambiguous translation of jacet alitis ffca. His liver was gnawed by a vultur. ST A 250 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. L. With them the cruel Colchid Mother dwells, The which conceiv'd in her revengeful mind With bitter wounds her own dear babes to flay, And murdred troops upon great heaps to lay. Murdred troops, &c. is nothing to the purpofe, and cannot belong to the ftpry of Medea. The original is corrupted. 247. 3 T A N Z. LIV. There chafte Alcefte lives inviolate. For Akeftis. S T A N Z. LXII. For th j one was ravifh'd of his own bond-maid, The fair Ixione, captiv'd from Troy. Inftead of He/tone. But it is doubtful whether this be the true fenfe of the place. See Scaliger. 299. S T A N Z. LXIV. And all the Rhastean fhore to aihes turn. Rb<etean for Rhcetean-, and lower, Capbareus for Capbdreus. s T A N z. REMARKS OH SPENSER. 25! STAN* Z. tXVI. Th' other drove for to defend The force of Vulcan with his might and m: Vulntra protcEus deptUere mavfau *To defend, for to repel-, is a Latinifin, and an e!e bokhftds. SoF^ry Queen, II. xn. 63. And all the margent round about was fet With (hady laurel trees, thence to defend The Having the blood of vanquifh'd Hedor ihed, He compafs'd Troy thrice with hb body dead. HeSoreo viSor lujiravit corpore Trojam. Thrice is not in the original. Virgil a&rms it indeed, JEn. I. +S-. contrary to Homer's account of it. Spenfer has omitted, v. 328. Paliadcjam Letatw s T A H z. 253 REMARKS ON SPENSER. IBID. Laftly, the fqualid lakes of Tartary, And griefly fiends of Kell him terrify. He (hould not have called it Tartary, which makes a ridiculous ambiguity; for Tartary may be Tart aria, as well as Tartarus, and indeed better. STANZ. LXIX. Ah ! but the Greeks themfelves more dolorous, To thee, O Troy ! paid penance for thy fall, In th' Hellefpont being nigh drowned all. This translation is wide of the text, and the text is corrupted. See Scaliger, 336. The Greeks fuf- fered nothing in the Hellefpont. STANZ. LXXIV. Some fcatter'd on th' Hercaean mores unknown. H^reaque late liter a. 354. See Scaliger, who reads Gyr<ea, or Mgea, Hercaan Jhores UNKNOWN is pleafant enough; there being no fuch Ihores in rerum natura. STANZ. LXXV.' Horatii, that in virtue did excel]. Horatia virtus. Virtus is not virtue here, but valour. STANZ. S ON SPENSEK. 253 S T A X Z. LXXTII. And tloct Taught him the fire's fcorn'd fury to deleft. ^rcz/tf le&t yd arpar*/*mm*. there is metaphorical; and the fade is, that he boldly ran into danger, and loft his life. s T A N z. LXXXIT. . The Spartan myrtle. Spertum myrfas. 399. which, whatever it be, is not Spartan. He adds, whence tweet gum does flow. which b an mfertkn of his own. Here follows the conjecture of a friend of mine: <* Imfeadcf Spartka myrtus, fer&xp it JbmU le Bacchica, or Bscchk; jar the myrtus wr fund U Bacchus, ms may bcje** im Athenarus, XV. fbe CoauffaonxkaJ crtrrxsffit. Urns Hercules, imtte Akeftis tfEmiftfa, afperfus flore Liberi patris :" 254 REMARKS ON SPENSER. So in Ariflophanes, Ran. 329. The Chorus Myftarum fays to Bacchus : TCVc OtVOt If , nemore Tooc^ rite futurtis G Tlyafi dux venerandi : G^uate florentem corollam, Front e ^//^ tua nitefcit. Foliis myrt'u IBID. And laurel th* ornament of Phoebus' toil. Nothing like this in the Latin : Laurus item Pfaebi Jitrgens decus. S T A N Z. LXXXV. - And the Sabine flowre, Matching the wealth of th' ancient frankincenfe. A ftrange tranflation of Herbaque thuris opes prifcis imitata Sabinis. [Sabina.J <c Herba Sabina prifcis Romanis pro trtre adokbatur" SCALIGER. IBID. REMARKS OK SPENSE*. IBID. And Box, yet mindful of his old offence; EtBoaJms IBy* toga mamr. Thus any dung may be made out of any dung ! MOTHER HUBBERD's TALE. His mind unto die Moles he withdraws j Sweet lady Mufes, ladies of ddight, Delighsoflife, and ornaments of Bght: With whom he dofe confers with wife difcooric, Of Nature's works, of heaven's mnrinnal coode. , Georg. H. 475. fm imgatfi feral/a amort, etficrm matfrc*:. IBID. They feU 2t words Whtaherof them fhoukl be the lord of kxds : That nekher piealed was to have the rein Twin them divided into even twain ; But either, algates, would be lords alone : For love and iordrnip bide no pvagooe. 256 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Lucan, I. 92. Nullafidts regnifociis, omriifaue potejlas Impatiens confortis erit. Statins, Theb. I. 120. Summo dulcius tmum Stare loco, fociifque cowes difcordia regnls. Seneca, Thyeft. 4.44. Non cap'it regnum duos. Q._Curtiiis, X. 9. Nam et infoclabile ejl regnum, et a phribus expetebatur. Ennius, Frag, ad fin. 16. Nulla fanRa foe ietas^ nee fdes regni eft. Seneca, Agam. 259. Nee regna focium ferre, nee ted<e fciunt. IBID. The ape was glad to end the ilrife fo light, And thereto fwore : for who would not oft fvvear, And ofc unfwear, a diadem to bear? Cicero, from Euripides : De Offic. III. 21. Namfi violandtfm ejl jus , regnandi gratia Violandum eft : aliis rebus petal em colas. * IBID. Now when high Jove, in vvhofe almighty hand The care of kings and power of empires ftand, * So Hnry IV. of France faid, after changing his profeflion, for policy; Paris vaut bien une Me/e. A king faid it 5 and of courfc it pafl"ed as a Boa Mtt. Sitting OX SPZ.NSZ?.. 257 Sitting one day within his turret hie, From whence he views with his biack-lklded eye What-fb the heaven in his wide vault contains, And all that in the deepeft earth remains, &c. Virgil, JEa. I. 227. cum Jupiter tctbcrcfumme Defpidau mare vc&voktm", terrafqxe jacentes, Litcraqxe, ct Ittos poptks. Speaking of Mercury : Tho' on his head his dreadful hat he dight, Which maketh him invifible to fight. Like the hehnet of Orcus, in Homer, IL .845. fed \iiiurcq Indsdt Orel galeem, r.e ttfam sideret imfetusfns Mars. What follows in Spenfer ab ry's Rod, is partly from Homer and VL-_ . . S N S E t XVIII. And drizling drops, that ofiea do redound^ Tr.e finneft flint doth in continuance wear. S Lucretius, 258 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Lucretius, I. 314. Stillicidi lapfus lapidem cavat. IV. 1281. Nome vidcs, etiam guttas in faxa cadentes Humoris longo in f patio pertundere faxa ? Ovid, Art. Amat. I. 475. ^iiid magis eft faxo durum ? quid molllus undo, ? Dura tamen molli faxa cavantur aqua. So Epift. ex Pont. TI. vn. 40. yam dolor in morem venit mem : utque caducls Percuflu crebro faxa wuantur aqiiis. SONNET XX. And yet the lion, that is lord of power, And reigneth over every beaft in field, In his mod pride difdaineth to devour The filly lamb, that to his might doth yield. Ovid, Trift. III. v. 33. Corpora magnanimo fatis eft proflrajje leoni. Statius, Theb. VIII. 125. >fi dccidat hoftis^ Ire fuper fatis eft, uitam^ue relinquere viSfo. Claudian, Epift.' ad Hadr. 28. tcrvique hones, cahnt, eadcm preftrata relinquunt. S N N I T REMARKS ON SPENSER. SONNET XXXV. - fo plenty makes me poor. Ovid, Met. III. 466. Inopfm me copia fecit. SONNET LX. Thev that in courfe of heavenly fphears are fkill'd, To every planet point bis fundry year ; In which her circle's voyage is fulfill'd, As Mars in threefcore years do:h run his fphear. Cicero would have told him otherwife, De Nat. Deor. II. 20. SONNET LXIX. \Vhat trophee then (hall I mod fit devife, ? Evea this verfe, vow'd to eternitv, Shall be thereof immortal monument ; And tells her praiie to all pofterity, - Perhaps, tell. SONNET LXXII. Oft when my fpirit doth fpread her bolder wings, In mind to mount up to the pureft fky, It down is weigh'd with thought of earthly things, And cloggfd with burden of mortality. Wifdom of Solomon, ix. 15. For tie corruptible body prefctb down tbe fcul ; and tbc earthly tabernacle weigbeti: dc~j;n tbe mind, that mufetb upmmany things. S 2 POEMS. REMARKS ON SPENSER, POEMS. POEM IV. Upon a day, as Love lay fweetly flumb'ring, &c Compare this with Theocritus, Idyll. XIX. i. PROTHALAMION. From thofe high towers this noble Lord ifTuing, Like radiant Hefper, when his golden hair In th' ocean billows he hath bathed fair, &c. Fairy Queen, I. xii. 21. As bright as doth the morning ftar appear Out of the eaft, with flaming locks bedight, To tell the dawning day is drawing near. II. xn. 65. As that fair ftar, the meflengcr of morn, His dewy face out of the fea doth rear. Seneca, Hippol. 749. Qualis eft primas refer em tenebras Nuncius noElis, modo lotus undis Hefperus, pulfis iterum tenebris Lucifer idem. Virgil, . REMA7 :?ENSSfc. 261 Virgil, JEa. VIII. 589. Qualis ubi Occam pcrfufus Lucifer srM, **f7* Venus ante aizcs aftrcrmm diligit ignis* Extidxt osfacrum ctelo^ taubrafane refc.. Homer, 1LE. s . - ' mtfmt naAi>x*, ST* The poet Ion calls Lucifer, Skie-ranging Morning ftar, V'~hiee-wing'd forerunner of the God of day. 'AT W i^Va, ar^t /w^ut [I believe it ihould be fuuapn] cA^ Xr^tJ 7^> vp&un. A good inftance of the ftyle of Dkhyrambics. You may find it in the Scholiaft of Ariitophanes, Pac. 835. See Bentley on Malela, p. 53^. Man* is not, I think, to be found; but only pow, and Herodotus ufes /uaw, tnipf**. P. 401. 1. 20. EPITHALAMION. Ah ! when will this long weary day have end : Long tho' it be, at laft I lee it gloom, And the bright evening ftar, with golden creft, Appear out of the eaft Fair child of beauty, glorious lamp of love How cheerfully thou looked from above ! S 3 Catullus, REMARKS ON SPENSER, Catullus, LX. i, 26. Vefper Olympo Exfpeftata diu vix tandem lumina tollit. Hefpere qui ccelo lucet jucundior ignis ? Qui dejponfa tuajirmes connubia flammd Qu<e pepigere i>/r/, pepigerunt -ante parentes, Necjun^re prius quam fe tuus extulit ardor, Quid datur a divis felici cptatius hord? Seneca, Medea. 71. Et tu, qu<e gemini prtfvia 'Temporis Tardeftella redis femper amantibus : Fe matres avid*, te cupiunt nurus, Quamprimum radios fpargere lucidos, IBID. Speaking of Jupiter and Night : Or like as when he with thyfelf did lie, And begot Majefty. According to Ovid, Majefty is the daughter of Honos and Reverentia. AN HYMN IN HONOUR OF LOVE. Begot of Plenty and of Penury. Plato fays, that Cupid was born of Plenty and Poverty; H^ ^ iW*?. Conviv. IBID. I 2 I 9. Wknefs LranJfT in the Euxinc wares. Not AN HYMN IN HONOUX. OFBEAUTY. Bat ye fair Dunes - Loath dot fool Mot, dot hdEfli firebrand, Difloyal Loft, fair booty's tbdeft blame, That bsfe zficfiioa, v1ik& joor cais vookl Oxmncnd ID jou br LOTC'S abofcd name; Bat is indeed the boadHive of Deune, Which viD the gnfand of your g^orj JMT, And quench thej^fe of yoar bright (bluing flar. CimflKy lor HHKBwcoL oO flt Ins Anmopotmos 2 OfPalbs, andmherovniLiacaB&und. ^._:_ _= ._;. 1 2 I B. Taercfore, to make yoor beauty more It TOO behoves to lore, and fords to lay That heareair riches, which inyaa jebear. aor, tttffb&eaffrif&er: But : _ Spealb 264 REMARKS ON SPENSER. Spenfer ufes riches in the finguhr number, as riche/e in French. So again, in his Tears of the Mufes, Melpom, St. vr. Why then do foolifh men fo much defpife The precious ftore of this celeflial riches ? AN HYMN OF HEAVENLY LOVE. Speajdng of our Saviour : Yet nought thou afk'ft in lien of all this love, But love of us, for guerdon of thy pain : Aye me ! what can us lefs than that behove ? Had he required life/sr us again, Had it been wrong to afk his own with gain ? He gave us life, he it reflored loft ; Then life were leaft, that us fo little coft. I think it fhould be, life from us ; or, life of us. IBID. But He our life hath left unto us free, Free, that was, thrall, and blefTed, that was bann'd ; :Ne ought demands, but that we loving be, As hs himfelf hath lov'd us afore-hand, And bound thereto with an eternal band ; Him firft to love, that was fo dearly bought, And next, our brethren to his image wrought. Himfirft) &c. To make fenfe of this, we muft fuppofe the fenfe and conftrudion to be, Firft to return him that Love, which was fo dearly bought by him. MARKS c: rR. 265 few. Bat this is fo forced and intricate, that I be- lieve the reader will prefer this conjecture of a friend of mine: " Him firft to love, that us fo dearly bought.*' D A P H X A I D A. e as the native rofe, before the change Which Venus' blood did in her leaves imprefs: Bion, IdylL I. 66. AJJMB fsfvt T<x7f, rx et ziv. L:-x. See alfo Pervigilium Yeaeris. 23. IBID. As to afflift fo fore The innocenr, as thofe which do tranfgrefs. So forty for as forety. IBID. In purenefs, and in all celeiiiil grace, That men admire in goodly womankind, She did excel ; and feem'd of Angels race, Living on earth like Angel new divin'd, Adorn'd with wifdom and with chaftity. .'d is an odd expreS:. meet with it again in The Ruins cfTime: 266 REMARKS ON SPENSER, Whilft thus I looked, loe, adown the lee I faw an Harp, ftrung all with filver twine, And made of gold and coflly ivory, S'.vimming, that whilom feemed to have been The harp, on which Dan Orpheus was feen Wild hearts and forrefts after him to lead ; But was th' harp of Phillifides now dead. At length, out of the river it was rear'd, And borne about the clouds to be divirfd ; Whilft all the way moft heavenly noife was heard Of the firings, ftirred with the warbling wind, That wrought both joy and forrow in my mind. So now in heaven a Sign it doth appear, The Harp, well known befide the Northern Bear. ' I think it mould be, And borne above the clouds to be divin'd. " To be divin'd -," that is, I fuppofe, to be deified, by being made a conftellation : Vo&*&i. Ovid, whom Spenfer has in view, fays of the harp of Orpheus, Met. XI. 5 1 . Media dum labitur ainnc* Vlebile nefeio quid qumtur lyra,flebi!e lingua Murmur at cxanimis : refpcndent fiebile rip^e. IBID. Is it fo uneath To leave this life, or dolorous to die ? Virgil, REMARKS O> 5?I>5IR. Virgil, Ma. XIL 646. Ufqme m&amt men mjtrmm ? IBID. But, as the mother of the Gods, that {ought fair Eurydice, her daughter dear, Throughout the world, wish woful heavy thought ; So will I travel whilft I tarry here. IT a jumble is this r I fuppole he would Lave {pokes of Ceres and Proferpina. MU1OPOTMOS. Mmerra did the challenge not refule, &c. Much of what follows is taken from the feble of Aiachoe in Grid, Met. XI. 5, &c. 1 B I P. With eiccHcnt device and wondrous flight, Flutt'ring among the olives wantonly, That iecm'd to live, ib like kwas in fight: The velvet nap which on his wings doth lie, The filken down with which his back k dight, His broad out-ftretched horns, hh eaj thighs, His glorious colours, and his glificring eyes. I think u ihould be, his bozry thighs, TH z REMARKS ON SPENSER THE TEARS OF THE MUSES. This Poem puts me in mind of thcfe lines in Shakefpeare. Thefeus reads " The 'thrice three Mufes, r.icurning for the death Of Learning^ late deceased in beggary" That is fome fatyr, keen and critical ; J^ot forting with a nuptial ceremony. See Midfummer Night's Dream, Act. V. Scene I. INTRODUCTION. S T A N Z. I. II. Rehearfe to me, ye facred fitters nine, The golden brood of great Apollo's wit,- For fiace the time that Phoebus' foolifli fon Ythundered, through Jove's avengeful wrath, Of you his mournful fitters was lamented, Such mournful tunes were never fmce invented. I think' it is againft mythology to make the Mufes the daughters of Apollo. Since the time i^ere never Jince iirventcd, is a redundancy ; but iuch as is common in good writers : For inttance, Virgil, jn. IV. 24. Sed tniki vel tellus opter,i prius ima, delnfcat, Vd Pater omnipctens adigat me fulmine ad umbras, Pallentes umbras Erebi, nottemque profundam, Ante, Pudor, quwn te violo, aut tua jura refolvo. I Oiali UiM * RSLS ON. SPENSES. r I (hail here ttanicnbe fomc cxamf&s 6f Reiip- 4ancies, which I find the Editor of the MxE*m- cms Otjtrcatiems has coDedcd ; VoL 1L p. 37. Catullus, DC Arr. LXI. 47. - AJW *2*sxtfrxrjxs re&tmmml vafr rtftSt, Prodcnaus, tb TT^. VI. 163. Nexms JaifK, qm maau ntryrfss Ji trrgtm rrct^yerasS rc-rc^zs. ID Sjmm. I. : | JVfr ttrqmtrf face* petit # **$** Trbnat, Jfocfditmm canxrfmsiter revecife rarajtm, Seneca, HippoL 676. Ac vafa retry fj^rt M Retort* ar/ms. Locretius, IL 12$. yae rcpzlf* mersi. Vcr. 999. Id rmrfmrn imB rdfawm tempi* retepuuf. IV. Omxt* cmoeru* fmrfitmyu fvpm* r/ur JL/ reJUx*tnfimj*mm/mt*Ti Uqtum. tm 270 REMARKS ON SPfiNSER* To thefe inftances I add this from Seneca, Nat. Qviaeft. I. 5. Retort a oculorum acie, et in fe rurfuf reflexa : And I obferve that they are frequent enough in Greek writers : For example Ariftophanes, Plut. 238. 'EuS'uf xolwflu^t'v /AS xIa TTif yrfi Ver. 552. Threefold negations, as *Vr ^, and *'<& occur in. the New Teftamenr. So like wife, Herodotus, IV. 95. + Ka7a$ <Ji X*TW sj TO x Epiphanius, H^r. 25. 2. Ariflophanes, Plut. ver. 779. according to Dr. Bentley's conjedture : Nub. 743. according to Kufter's conjecture : Kara -njv yttffUQ TzraAjv K/y]<rw av^K au <ry. Ver. 971. ir' au araAtv <tu3'? avif*/**!'*?. Pac. 843, Hx <?uo* ay^if 7i%Aiy ( Ver. 02* SFETfSES. Ver. 60. AT:-.: ^2- -: Avib. 1456. _ T _1T EcddliooS. - AT ^ O Jf : S T A WZ. I. O wboChall poor into my fcoOcp crcs A Tea of tears, that newer mar be dries ? JereaEish, iz. i. Ok tfat my **** ^ e mud mime eta * faauim tj leers, tbal Jms^tt S T A N Z. Till. For all man's life me (cems a tragedy, Fall of &d fights and farecac&opbecs; Firft coming to the vorid with veepmg eye, REMARKS ON SPENSER. Shakefpeare, King Lear, Aft. IV. Scene, near Dover. Thou muft be patient; we came crying hiiher: Thou know'ft, the fiiil time that we fmell the air, We wawle and cry. Lucretius, V. 223. Turn porro, puer, ut fevis prcjeftus ab undis Navifa, nudus bumijacet^ - Vagituque locum lugubri complet^ tit <equum eft t Cui tantum in vita reftet tranfire malorum. Seneca, De Confol. ad Polyb. 23. Non vides qua- lent vitam nobis rerum natura promiferit^ qua primum mfcentium cmenfietum ej/e voluit. Where fee Lip- fius. See alfo Cyprian, de Bono Patientise, c. 6.. We muft except Zoroaftres, who came laughing hito the world, and was the only one that was ever known to do fo, according to Pliny. Herodotus, V. 4. fays of the Traufi, a people of Thrace, Tv plv 'yivoptvov TSt^itoptvoi 01 Ofoc.fj.iv 1?, ITT'II re lyivtlo Valerius Maximus, Mela, and Solinushave taken notice of this cuftom. EUTERPE. REMARKS ON SPENSER. 273 EUTERPE. And fpeaking ftreams of pure Caftalion, The famous witnefs of our wonted praife. He calls this fountain Caflalion for the fake of rhime. Speaking frr earns is taken from the ancient poets. Thus Statius, Silv. V. v. 2. Iwmfns. Silv. I. ii. 6. / de Pi eriis vecakm fontiku Madam. See Barthius there, who quotes thefe h'nes of an old Oracle : OJ* In Sidonius, Cann. XTV r . Ew, Calliope * nitentepalma, Da facri Jaticts faptacitatem : Alluding, it may be, to the ivcalts und* of Statius.* SoMiltoc, moftbeaubfolly. Par. L. B. III. jo. Thee, Sion, and the flsm'ry brooks beneath, That waA thy balkmtd feet, and Fountains, and ye that wvfakj as ye flow, VISIONS 274 REMARKS ON VISIONS OF THE WORLD'S VANITY. S T A N Z. IV. What is here mentioned of the Eagle and Sca- rabee, is taken from one oL-Efop's Fables. STAN z. xr. What time the Roman empire bore the reign Of all thfc world, and flourifh'd moft in might, The nations 'gan their fovereignty difdain, And caft to quit them from their bondage quite : So, when all ihrouded were in filent night, The Galls were, by corrupting of a maid, PofTefs'*d nigh of the Capitol through flight, Had not a goofe the treachery bewraid. The Romans were far enough from being mafters of the world, or of Italy, at that time of day. The corrupting a maid, belongs to another ftory. See Livy, I. 1 1. Even in the time of Alexander, the Romans were little known in Greece. T&eopompus, ante qttem nemo mentiomm [de Romania] kabuit: ur- Icm dlintaxat a Gallis captain dixit. Pliny, III. v. A S T R O P H E L. Another fwain, Hight Theftylis, began his mournful tourn. Tbejlylis is no name for a fhepherd. Trf JE IARES QJfirSJfSWU 275 THE MOURNING MUSE OF THESTYLIS. His lips wait pale and von, Like damaik ro(es bud Caft from the fblk; or like In field to purple flowre, \Vhich -as it p. Catulhis,XL -. Vlrgil, JEn. UL 435. Purpmrau vdfti am jbr Jttftijgs erain Statics, Silr. HL in. 128. ^..:;;j ;j.V: ;;r: .;':.-.';.: : '^f, : ? r0^r friauss msnaxtsr ad aaftr: At mti verm mavis acpirat piirpiara fr; IBID. The dm his lighdbm beams Did (brood, and hide his *"_ For grief, wfeerebT the earth Fear"d aight eteruaHy : T 2 The 276 REMARKS ON SPENSEK, The mountains eke were fhook, The rivers turn'd their ftreams, And th' air 'gan, winter-like, To rage and fret apace : And grifly ghofts by night Were feen, and fiery gleams Amids the clouds with claps Of thunder, that did feem To rent the fkies, and made Both man and beaft afeard. The birds of ill prefage This lucklefs chance foretold By dernful noife, and dogs With howling made men deem Some mifchief was at hand. From Virgil, Georg. I. 466. Ilk etiam extinRo miferatus Ctffare Romany Cum caput obfcura mtidum ferrugine texit, Inpiaque aternam timuerunt fecula noftem. Temper e quamquam illo tellus quoque ft aquora pontt, Qbfcxmqiie canes* import unique volucres Signa dabant, &c. IBID. Which made them eftlbons fear The days of Pyrrha Ihould Of creatures fpoil the earth. Horace, REMARKS ON SPENSER, Horace, Carm. I. n. 5. Ttmat gcntu, grave m retire* Siculum Pyrrb*. THE RUIXES OF TIME. How many great ones may remembred be, :h in their days moft famoufly did flouriih ; Of whom no word we hear, nor fign we fee, But as things wip'd out with a fpunge do perifh, Becauie the}', living, cared not to cherilh No gentle wits r He ought rather to have &id, H&o maty freat Horace, Carm. IV. ix. 25, yixtre fortes ante Ag& Multi ; fed omrus Hbcrimabiies Urgentxr, jgnctiquc Imga :f, carcnt qtiia v&te facro, IBID. Speaking of the Mufes : So whilom raifed they the ptriflkat brood Of golden-girt Alcmena So rais'd :. : Leda's warlike twins. T 3 Horace, 278 RE.MARKS ON SPESfSER. Horace, IV. viu. 2$. . Dignum laude virum Mufa "jet at mori : Cxlo Mufa beat. Sic Jovis intertft Off ails epulis impiger Hercules ; Clarum Tyndarid<e fidus ab infimis eripiunt tequoribus fdteS* I B i r>. Such one Maufolus made, the world's great wonder, But now no remnant doth thereof remain : - All fuch vain monuments qf earthly mafs, Devour'd of Time, in time to nought do pafs, Maufolus did not make his own monument : his wife erected it for him. The Poet fhould hav4 (aid, Such one Maufolus Toad.. IBID. For not to have been dipt in Lethe lake Could fave the fon of Thetis from to die ; But that blind Bard- did him immortal make, With verfes, dipt in dew of Caftalie. The lines are elegant ; but he fhould have faid, For not to have been dipt in Stygian lake. IBID. REMARKS OK tPffXSCR. IBID. Which made the Eaflern Conqueror to cry, O fortunate young man, whole rertoe found So brave a tramp, thy noble ads to (bund! turn virtmtis jat#fr4cmam mangel. Freinlnemii SuppL in Q^Cumum, L 4* IBID. Not that^nat areh, which Tr^ao edifide, To be a yonder to all age eofuing, Was fnarrh^hk* to this in equal viewing. Trajan's ftonc bridge orer die Danube was 4 moft furprifing work, which Dioa Caffius iajs could never be enough admired. See Lipfius, De Magn. Roman, III. 13. IBID, At laft, when all his mourning melody He ended had* that both the (bores refbunded, Feeling the nYthat him foretrarn'd to die, With lofay fight 9bm die earth he bounded, And x of fight to higheft heaven mooBted. Should knot be etet* He Jpeate <f T 4 2$0 REMARKS ON SPENSE*. <B R 1 T A I N's IDA. CANTO II. 3. Andfcatter'd rays did make a doubtful fight, Like to the firft of day, or laft of night. Ovid, Met. IV. 399. Jamque dies exaftus erat, tempufyue fubibat, Quod tu nee tenebras* nee pojfis die ere lucem; Sed cum luce tamen dubi<e confinia noftis. But the one defcribes break of day, and the other the clofe of the day. Seneca, Here. Fur. 671. noRefic mixtafolet Pr<ebere lumen primus autferus dies. Ovid, Amor. I. v. 5. ^ualia fublucent^ fugiente^ crepufcula Pbctbo : Aut ubi nox abiit> nee tamen orta dies. CANTO V. I. But kept his love and burning flame within, Which more flam-'d out, the more he preft it in. Ovid, Met. IV. 64. magis tegitur, tecJus magis <ejluat ignis. S T A N 1. REMARKS OK SPENSE*. 2'T T ! T A N 2. IT. Nor did (he fcora him, though not nobly bora : Love is Nobility. Ovid, Epift.IV. 161. But wfcy does he IV :hifcs was not nobly born ? It is a great miflake. Anchifes was the foa of Capys, Capys of Aflaracus, Aflaracus of Tros, Tros of Enchthonius, Erichthonius of Dardanus ; Dardanus of Jupiter, and of Eiefba, who vat the daughter of Atlas. CANTO vi. 9. That Jove upon him down his thunder darted, Blafting his fplendent face, and alibis beauty fwarted* -gil, JEn.II. 648. Exgiowu dfotem peter Mtyu bomxau* roe Fulmsms odfavit vfMtis, ct cemtigit i THUS much on Spenfer. What I have here offered may be called an Eflay, or rough draught of a Commentary; deficient, indeed, in many points; 282 REMARKS ON SPENSER. yet in fome meafure ufeful, and entertaining to a poetical reader of Spenfer. Much more might be done, particularly towards fettling the text, by a careful Collation of Editions, and by comparing the Author with himfelf : -But that required more time and application than I was willing to beflow, and more copies than I had by me. I bad only two Editions to confult. I iliall fubjoin a remark or two on the Differta- tion which Mr. Hughes has prefixed to his Edition ; intitled AN ESSAY ON ALLEGORICAL POETRY, " Homer's giving fpeech to the river Xanthus in the Iliad, and to the horfes of Achilles, feem to l)e inventions of the fame kind, and might be defigned to fill the reader with aftonifhment and concern." Homer's giving fpeech to the horfe [not horfes] of Achilles, is indeed a bold fiction ; but his giving fpeech to the river Xanthus is not fo, nor- ought it to be reckoned more marvellous than his making Jupiter and Juno fpeak : for Xanthus was not the water of the river, but the God REMARKS ON SPENSER. 2$ 3 God of the river, as Neptune is the God of the fea. " We find a large groupe of thefe figures placed in the fixth book of the ^Eneis, at the entrance into the infernal regions ; but as they are only {hewn there, and have no mare in the action of the pcern, the defcription of them is a fine allegory : Lucius et ultricts fofuere cubilia Cura, Morbi, Senectus, Mstus, Fames, Ege- ftas, Letum, Labos, Sopor, Bellum, Difcordia, Somnia. As perfons of this imaginary life are to be ex- cluded from any fhare in Enick Poems, &c." Excluded. Why fo ? and by what law ? Somnus is introduced as acting in the Ilias more than once, as alfo in ether Heroic poems : and "Tn.^ x) *'- -.*?&, Sleep and Death, are appointed to carry off the body of Sarpedon, and have a place in HeCod's Theogonia, v. 759. In a poem which is built upon a Jcwi(h or Chriftian plan, a mixture of true religion and fable; good and bad Angels in one place, and Jupiter and Juno in another, is perhaps juftly liable to cenfure , though fome great poets have not avoided it. But, 284 REMARKS ON SPENSER* But, to allow a poet to introduce Mars and Mi* lierva, and to forbid him to make ufe of Sleep, and Death, and Fear, and Difcord, &c. as actors, ieems to be injudicious ; founded upon a weak pre- judice, that the latter have not in our imagination as good a right to be Perfons as the former. The Heathen theology is to be taken from the heathen writers ; and whatever is a deity in Homer and Hefiod, has a perpetual and inconteftible right to be a poetical God. THE LIFE OF SPENSER. Pag. xvm. Hie, prope Chaucerum, fitus eft Spenferius, illi Proximus ingenio, proximus ut tumulo. ****** Hie prope Chaucerum Spenfere poeta poetatn Conderis, et verfu quam tumulo propipr. Anglica, te vivo, vixit plaufitque Poefis ; Nunc moritura timet, te moriente, mori. *' In the laft couplet, fays Mr. Hughes, it is not improbable the author might have in his eye thofe celebrated lines written by Cardinal Bembo on Raphael d' Urbin. Ille hie eft Raphael, timuit quo fofpite vinci Rerum magna parens, et moriente mori." The *MARXS ON SPENSER. 25 The author of thefe paltry verfes has not only- borrowed the thought which he has fo ill exprefled in the laft diftich, but that which is in the lines before it j for I remember to have feen fomewherc this Epitaph on Sannazarius, made by Bembus : Da far o cituri flora: bit Vie Marcwt Shu frits MmfaprexmuSj mttxmub. t * Communicated by a FRIEND of the EDITOR. S I R, IF the few following Strictures oo Spenfer meet with approbation, they are at your fervice, and may form no unwelcome Appendix to your Father's REMARKS upon this his favourite and much-favoured author. 1 find them, in manu- fcript, on the blank leaves of a printed copy of thofe Remarks. They were many years fmce drawn up by a late writer ; they appear to be equally elegant and judicious ; and have never yet been publilhed. I am, Sir, your's B. SPENSER REMARKS 0^ SPENSBE. . SPEKSER's FAIRY QJJEEX... INTRODUCTION. S T A N Z. I. Tis plain Spenfer here imitates thofe four lines, which are fometimes preflxf tir the jEneid, though I can by no means believe them Virgil's. file ego, qui qmtodam grocHi veodalohts avex Co-Mat; c: egrtjiu Jfrhis, viciw foegi G rat urn opus Agr'xolis : at num horrent ;a &L Anna, virumque ca*o, ir. . In the fecoad ftanza, and the fourth, tfcexe is t thought, which Mikon has borrowed in the begin- ning of his poem : \Miat in me is dark, Illumine : what is low, raiie and iupport. s T :n. Horace's requeft to Veous is of the ; .is of Spenfer : Ftrvidus tecvm P*tr, tt Joint s$ Gratia zenis, properentque Njv: pantm comisfnt tt Jwentos, L. L.Od. 30. S T A X Z. 288 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. IV. <e Afflicled ftyle." Quaere, whether it fliould not be afefted ? Spenfer, in his letter to Sir Walter Raleigh, calls his poem " a continued allegory, or dark conceit." BOOK I. CANTO I. 14. The light thrown into the dark cave by the armour of the knight, is not unlike what we read in Milton : A dungeon, horrible on all fides round, As one great furnace flam'd ; yet from thofe flames No light, but rather darknefs vifible Serv'd only to difcover lights of woe. Par. Loft, I. 6f. S T A N Z. XXI. 'Tis well known all rivers are reprefented by old wen. See Grsevius on Callim. H. to Delos, v. 71. S T A N Z. XXIII, The poet has a fnnile, B. n. C. ix. 16. from gnats, with an expreffion or two fimilar to this. High REMARKS ON SPEXSER. 289. ' on a bill is a ciFCumftance beautifully imagin- ed. Homer, II. A. 275. f . b n>? iter S T A N Z. XXXIX. See the beginning of Theocritus' firft Idyll. x) TI'TV;, airt^, The bumming of bffs is very frequently mentioned Theocritus, whofe or^ is the moft beautiful for it that can be conceived : v. 107. See Homer II. B. 87. and JEneid. I. 433. VI* 709. - 5. -:;>// o/Ki5 mwrmxrc campus S T A N Z. XL I I I. &;. All this bufinefs of the dream is plainly borrow- ed from Homer. Spenfer fays the dream, " Upon his hardy head d ;" And Homer, 11. B. ad Jmi. The immediite ?!_;: . hence Spenfer : :ripiion of thr 7 a 8. Ifuppofe is S: and 76. of Taflb's -ee Fairfc :ion. L CANTO 290 REMARKS ON SPENSER, CANTO II. 7. The epithet of rojy -finger' d is Homer's and of fmgular beauty. S T A N Z. XIX. His grudging gbojl, tec. is well explained by Virgil's, Pitdque cumgemitu fugit indignata^ umbras. S T A N Z. XXIII. Thus Virgil, uEn. V. 49. Htycm femper acerb um, Semper konoratum (fie Dn voluijlis) habebo. S T A N Z. XXIV. All Servius's Remarks are of as cold a fort, as that here quoted by Dr. Jortin, from ^En. IV. S T A N Z. XXX. XXXI. This is taken from the ftory of Polydorus in the third JEncid, v. 27, &c. Nam, qu<e prima folo ruptls radicibus arbos Fdlitur 9 huic atro liquimtur fanguine gutt*, El terram tabo maculant. Mibi frigidus horror Mimbra quant, geiidufque coit formidine fanguis. Gemltus REMARKS ON SPENSER. Gemtits tacrymabiKsimo AM&IWT tumxlo, et vox Tcd&ta fcrtv ad cures* See aifoBook II. Cant. i. ft. 42. CANTO III. 5. Spenfer's Lien does much more than Horace's indeed te had nothing but innocence : the fair lady's beauty might well do more, when joined with that : Namqitc mejyhd lupus m Sabind, Dum mean canto Laligen Fugit inermcm : Qualc portentum nupu xa liter is Damia in lath aUt ffcuktis, Nee Jvba tf!l*s general l , kcnum AxiJa jurtrix. Lib. I. Od. 22. In fome ancient remains Cupid is reprefented as riding on a lion. S T A N Z. XXXYI. The ancients imagined that the ghoft of a man unburied could not p.its over the Lethe. The Sarazin requires Revenge to Jlakt the anger of the furies : Paiinurus debres .Eneas only to bury him. xc. U 2 -- 2p2 REMARKS ON SPENSER/ Aut tu mihi tcrram Injicc ant Da dex.tr am mlfero, et tecum me talk 'per undas, Sedibvs ut faltem plaadis in morte quiefcam. So Horace, Lib. I. Od. 28. At tu, naufa, vag< ne parce } malignus, aren*. In the thirty-fecond ftanza, the poet fays that the merchant, " oft doth blefs Neptune :" fo in the Ode whence the above is taken, Multjque merceSy Unde poteft, tibi defiuct <equo Ab 'Jove, Neptunoque facri cuftode Parent f. BOOK II. C ,A N T O I. 27. Virgil's defcription of the horfe, Georg. III. 83 Did cruel battle breatbe" ftwiyji qua fonnm procul arma dedere, Stare loco nefdt ; m'uat auribus ; et tre/mt artus; remens volvit fitb naribus ignem. S T A N Z. XLII. Caliimachus, Hymn, in Lav. Pdlados. fo?, fxoXXao-av y<x,f> Ttuotla, ^ (fitnoiv i^tv ft^r^avta. Virgil, JEn. IJ. iz. AECS OH CFKX3E*. 293 Of HL+S. G&j$^,/ttfrnt$K<vm*, el SJisfccfpoinc has pbmlf taken firom benee his, S T A X Z- As lk gnodgpngr, &c.- See Tdanachns, B. iS. at tbc beginning. ST A3TZ. Llli. Cyndib, filling ncrbocm, and calling Locma, b truly chfficd. See Virg. ^Ea. IIL 645. CALL I If. C A.M T O II. 7, r&u Kmaln mejmfc, &L*. Hocace,!. 2:. S T A I* Z. XXVII. Tercet. U3 ST A M Z. .294 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. XXXIX. XL. Thefe are plainly imitated from the latter end of the firft, and beginning of the fecond book of the ^Eneid; particularly, " Drawing to him the eyes of all around, From lofty fiege began thefe words aloud to found." Contifuere omnes intent ique or a tenebant : Inde toro Pater JEneasfa orfus ab alto : t( Infandum^ regina,jubesrenovare dolor em" S T A N Z. XLVI. Virgil, "JEn. III. v. 716. Sic Pater &neas intentis omnibus unus, Fata renarrabat Divom, curfufque docebat : Coniicuit tandem, faftoque Me fine quievit. Qu. Divom curfus ? vel Divorunt *Teucvorum ? feu Cwfus quos a divis ducebatur ? Virg. JEn. II. 9. "- E,' jam nox kumida ctelo Pracipitat, fuadentque cadentiafidera forums. CANTO III. IO. Horace, Lib. I. Epift. XVI. 42. Falfus honor juvat, et mendax infamia ferret, um et mendacem? S T A N Z. REMARKS ON* SPEXiE*. S T A X Z. XX. So Horace, Od. 23. Ub. L / Kcbiluna veris iticrrtat : fern sarida n&nm El eerie ft gauha t remit. STAXZ. XXVI. XKVII. CALL iv. s T A K z. xxvin. <e His legs are pillars of niarblc, (et upon lockets <rf fine gold." Sokm. Song, c. T. YCT. 19. S T A X Z. XXIX. CALLIM. " Thdr places only J*&sffi? Quaere, is there not the lame expreffion (bmewhere in Ehrden r in his fables, I dunk; die ilory of Pabmaa and U 4 5 T ASS. ^6 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. XXXVIII. Shakefpear has an exprcflion, or rather a thought, fomething not \mlike this : " By Heav'ns, methinks it were an eafy leap, To pluck bright honour from the pale-fac'd moon." s T A N z. XLT. But eafy is the way, Sec. So .En. VI. 126. - Facilis defcenfus Averni : Noftes atque dies pate t atrijanua Ditis. CANTO IV. I. See Cailiglio's Courtier. s T A N z. xxx i i. Pedibus tlmor addidlt alas. Virg. JEn. VIII. 224. - O 3? twta, /UTii/a? ttpofloe, CALL i M. CANTO v. 27 Acrafia is plainly borrowed from Circe ; and her power and influence are the lame. Virg. REMARKS ON SPENSER. 297 Virg. JEa. VII. i. Ulnc exaudiri gftiitus ir<eque famum Jlncla recufantttm^ et ferd fub noFle rudtnfrm r Setigerique flies t atquinpr<efepi>us S<evirCy ac form<e magnoi'um ukilare hporttm: bomiiatm ex fmu deaf*\:a potcntibus barbis Induerat Circe in wit us at tcrgafcramm+ Which is only imitated from the Odyfiey, Ub. X. 212. \ Si pi* X'vxoi r,f3.t MflTVM r' Je -'. ; r, IT v. 239 *Oi & Kai r^ar Jf wf * u- Horace plainly gives us his opinion of Circe"; that all this allegory meant no more than the efife&s of pleafure and debauchery : and true it is, men who wallow in fcenes of that fort are little better than the beafts whom the Poets defcribe. - Circes pocula ncfti ; &efi cumfocilsjiidtus cupidufque b. Sub domina meretrice feijet turpis et cxtors : Vixljfet cams immundus, vel arnica luto fos. Hor. Lib. I. Ep. II. 23. U I had not read the twelfth Canto, \vhen I ob- ferved of Acrafia, that it was the (lory of Circe: There 298 .REMARKS ON SPENSER. There the whole matter is plain. In the feventieth llanza of that canto, there is delightful mufic, as in Circe's bower. Dives inacccjjbs ubi Solis filia IKCOS AJJiduo refonat cantu, &c. Virg. yKn. VII. u. ,, &c. Odyff. K. 222, And the transforming of the beafts into men by the Palmer's wand, Stanz. 76. is taken from the Odyiley, as above. STANZ. XXXV. This manner of upbraiding is very common in Homer. Hector upbraids Paris twice in the fame way. 11. L. III. 39. VI. 325. /Eneas fpeaks thus to Pandarus, Lib. V. 170. Sarpedon to Hec- tor, V. 470. And in Virgil, JEn. V. 389, Aceflcs farcaftically reproaches Entellus : - Heroum quondam forttffime, fnfjtra t fan fane taw pattens nullo cer famine tolli Dona fines ? ubi nunc nobis Deits illc, magijler Nequicquam memoratus Eryx ? ubi fama per Qtnneni Trinacriam, etjpolia ilia tuis pendent ia teflis ? The defcription of Paris in Horace is a little like the cafe of Gymockles. a cAremfmu Tamo, tern, Jams a&dtms Uh. L Od. XT. S T A X Z. XZZTI. TLou woaamfli wok knight! O vert fttjgutj ueff HUM Pffrrges' Tirg. JEla. DL 617. From Homcr*s s T A K z. xaucvir. firrfu *gn*ti& Qnfts. Yirg. Ja. III. 331. Agjt* tan c^ pcrterrcn fbnaram tzdis aidentibus. c A s TO IT. i. SccMartuL 277. ST A 3T Z. 300 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. XV. XVI. Tbcfe are plainly from Scripture, which Thorn- ion alfo has imitated, in his Cafile of Indolence^ St. x. They neither plough, nor fow, nor fit for flail, E'er to the barn the nodding fheaves they drove, &c. s T A N z. xxxn. Jupiter ut Celtum y [vel Cbalybuv] omne genus pereat ! Et qul princip lofub terr<e qu<erere -vends Irtjlitit) ac fern fr anger e duritiem. COMA BERENICES, v. 48. Horace, Lib. II. Sat. I. 43. Jupiter > ut pereat pofitum rubiglne telum ! See alfo Fairy Queen, B. I. C. vu. St. 13. s T A N z. xxxi\v " Another war, &c." . So Mufaeus, Hero et Leand. 197. uiof Horace, Lib. I. Od. vi. 17. Nos convivia. nospralia virginum, &?r. S T A N Z. XLVI. This feems to allude to the ftory of Hero 'and Leander, which Atin's leaping into the lake might poflibly REMARKS ON SPENSER. 30! poffibly recall to die Poet's mind. Leander tells Hero, 1. 205. T38u*a Sas, ^e'ota, T; And the Poet fays, 1. 300. 1 $,-. 7.7. .xVrrr. V,: CANTO VII. 2. Onmis enw. :.vf, yjwj, ^ttfj, Ji"y/j kumanaque, pulcbm ::is parent : quas qui coHfimxfrity tile Clans frit, fort is, Juftus etiaiK, ft Rex> El quidquid volet. Hor. Lib. II. Sat. III. 94. Prffens vel into tolkre de gradit Mortak corpus, velfuperbos Vfrtcre funci'ibus triumpbos. Lib. I. Od. 35. 2. Ncmpe dat Id caicunque Efftt Fortmta, rapitqxc ; Irus ft ejlfubito, qtn modo Crarfus erat. Ovid. For the folk ~zas, See Horace's firil latire. S T A N Z. XXXVI. The laft line of Callimachus, Hynn /, quite fimilar; '*/, S T A K Z. 3O2 REMARKS ON SPENSER* S T A N Z. XLVI. This ftory of the Chain is evidently taken from Homer II. 0. 25. CANTO VIII. 14. See Martial, 255. CANTO ix. 4. " The Flower of Grace," &c. This manner of expreflion I imagine came frorn Pindar, who very frequently ufes the word owrof, to denote any fuperior excellence : Thus, Olymp. I. v. 23. Mwixoif n W'TW. Olymp. II. V. 13. Uotlipuv awTov. Ol. III. V. 6. "lirrrM awrof. Ol. V. 2. 27(pa*w *TW * and in numbeiicfs other places. S T A N 2. XXXV. The ladies here are reprefented diverting them- felves in a manner, that might perhaps give Milton the hint of employing the fallen fpirits, as in Par. Loft", B. II. 521, &c. Or, it might be, both came from Virg. JEn. VI. 644. Pars pedilnis plaudunt Cf:oi^as t et Camilla dicHt> &c. CANTO :x CAST O X. Spcnier introduces his dialogue with fotnfriiing ef the fame pomp as Hocncr, D. B. 4$?, 0T & p fe. ^ >*OT, - * OB-T* S, S T A M Z. T, TI. This ddcriprioa of die Ifland is not unlike dot trhich Cillimachis g^TCs of Ddos : See Hymn to Delos, S T A 5f Z. IX. " Driven by fed error," vfli be deariy under- food by Virgo's S T A K Z. XIII &t enjoyed that Meffing, which Caffimarhia deCbibes as the reward of pkiy . en v*p* S T A X Z. T. .: :;: jr": :: :- iBTatoa of the Gauls. Hymn to Deios, TCT. 172 I T A L . 3-4 RJEMARX3 ON SPENSER* S T A N" Z. LVI. The boaft at the end of this Stanza is like that of Cato, in Lucan, Lib. IL 286. A y T o xi. 1 3. This fimile is taken from a beautiful one in Homer, I!. E. 87, &c. and in Virg. .En. II. 305, &c. 5 montano jbtmlne tarrcni Sffrnit agrcs, ft emit fata Lcta, boitmque labores, Pr*cipitcfque trahlt jykas ; Jltepef infcita alto Jkcrfiau fmtttmfui de vcrtke P See likewife ^En XII. -' 2> S T A S Z. XXXH. " Lake as a 6re, the which in hollow cave," &c. K'I ftgrtlm pingui prlmum j>-v cor t ice te^Ks Rofara c&mprexdit, frwuUfquc altos .tern Calo fotdtum de:. Per rttmos victor, jerque alta c^ :at, Et I . .it flammis AVwj, ft ;:':' atram A; :i. 303. CANTO REMARKS OK SPENSER. 305 CANTO XII. 39, 41. -cury's rod is defcribed by Horace in the fame manner as here. Tu pias Let is mi mas repaid* Se&bus ; Virgdtjtu levem coerces Aurea turbam, fttperis Deormm Gratus, et imis. Lib. I. Od. x. 17. fie pofes Tigres comtefque Sjfoas Ducfre, et rivos celeres morarl. Ceffit immanls tiki blanenti Janitor aid* Cerberxs, &c. Lib. HI. Od. xi. 13. STAN z. :: The manner of expreffion in the beginning of this Stanza has great beauty; and is borrowed from the Greeks, who ufe the fame very commonly. Thus, particularly, Theocritus in his firfl Wyllium, fpeaking of the old fifherman graven on the cup, fays, l. 4 i. *jUM7l TO JUtflifil tutfi KfXU; ' ! oirw &iof bJjo* At ff it Mpunli Ttxr &;%&* waamAn mf, tiff S T A K Z, 306 REMARKS ON SPENSER. S T A N Z. LXIV. Thomfon has a beautiful pafiage like this in his Seafons. Summer, v. 1311, &c. S T A N Z. LXXIV. See Ariofto, P. III. There is a pretty poem in Bourne, called, if I remember right, 'T/ce Wreath; where this thought is well exprefied : " And, as you fade, Remind the maid, .That years, like days, muft end.'* K '. M ARKS < 3=7 ) REMARKS MILTON. THAT I may not pafs abruptly from Spenfer to i, I fay, purely for the fake of introduction and connection, That Milton, the favourite poet of this nation, has been, and I fuppofe will be, the fubject of ?, duTertations, notes, See. That I have a mind to thruft myfelf in amongft thofe, who have laboured on this celebrated author; ut Me qucque principibus pcrmixtum : That I (hall offer a few remarks upon him ; and ib take a final leave of the Englifh poe: * It appears bow-rrr, tbat he did not fo ciofely keep to bi purpofc as here intended. The profped of a new and valuable X > ofitioii 308 REMARKS ON MILTON, I. PARADISE LOST. BOOK I. 199. or Typhon, whom the den By ancient Taffus held. tfyphon is the fame with Typboeus. That the den of Typhoeus was in Cilicia, of which Tarfus was a celebrated city, we are told by Pindar and Pomponius Mela. I am much miftaken, if Milton did not make ufe of Farnaby's note on Oyid, Me.. V. 347. to which I refer the reader. He took antient Tarfus perhaps from Nonnus : which is quoted in Lloyd's Dictionary. v. 276. --- on the perilous edge Of battle, &c. edition of our great Epick Bard again called forth his critical at- tention ; and hence, from his friend Dr. Newton's publication of Milton, we have been enabled to make fome confiderable addition to cur Author's Remarks; refuming Inch only for this work, as were found there inserted under the nameJoRTiN. For Dr. Newton's Teftimonies, as taken from his two prefaces to the poems of Milton, See \hsAdvertifement prefixed to this volume. Perhaps REMARKS ON MILT ;;> Perhaps he had in mind Virgil, JEn. IX. 528. r w<m /aggrfcr oras cotfaittbela* B.II. 684- Through them I nyan to pals, That be affur'd, without leave alk'd of thee. See in page 166. the remark on Spenier, B. HI. Cant. IT. Sc. 15. B. IV. 716. rhen to th" onwifcr fin Of Japhet brought by Hermes The epithet mmmftr does not imply that his brother Prometheus was uawife. Milton ufes MKifer, as an j Latin writer would imfntAemtivr^ for " not ib wile as he mould hare been." So &c. mean " bolder, &c. fum for e$; more than is rgz: ir.d : ;" ir. (Tf. in the PofifiTe degree. Dizlcs the crowd, and fets them all agape. 310 REMARKS ON MILTON. Virgil, Georg. II. 463. Nee varios inhiant pulchra teftudine poftes. v. 689. The quarters of the north. Sannazarius, de Partu Virginis, III. 40. Vos 9 quum omne arderet Ccelum fervilibus armis, jirftoumque furor fertenderet ifnpius axem Scandere, et in gelidos regnum transferre Triones, Fida manus mecum manfijtis. There are other paflages in the fame poem, of which Milton has made ufe. B. VI. 552. in hollow Cube Training his clevilifh enginry. I knew one, who ufed to think it fhould be hollow Tube: To which it may be objeded, that Enginry, (Machine,) are the hollow Tubes, or Guns, themfelves. B. VII. 173. and what I will, is Fate. Statius REMARKS ON MILT 31 I Staliiis, Theb. I. 212. grave ft imrnutabile fanftis Ptndus adejt vcrbis^ et secern Fata ftquuntttr. B. VIII. 2. So charming left bis voice, that he a while Thought him ftiH fpeaking; ftill flood fix'd to hear. Imitated probably from Apollonius, I. 512. See before, Remarks o Spenfcr, Page 1 84. The Thought was originally Homer's. Iliad. B. 40. SB'* ii au^^-jT c'-t divtna autaa tpfxm draonfufe erat vox. Luciaa, Somn. Eli ya it ' and Socrates, in Plato's Crito; Ki a */* fH T0UTW TW B. IX. 312. while Shame, thou looking on, &c. :>n often ufes the Nominative cafe ablblute, as the Greeks do j which, whether it houid be called a cafe abfolute, or an diqfis, we leave to the Grammarians to determine. X 4 B. X. 312 REMARKS ON MILTON. B. X. 304. From hence a pafiage, broad, Smooth, eafy, inoffenfive down to hell. Alluding perhaps to Virgil, JEn. VI. 126. Facilis dsfcenfus dverfti: or, to the Paths of Wick- ednefs, as in Hefiod, Efy. I. 285. x) I\KOV lrf lAf v- 655. from the fouth to bring Solftitial fummer's heat. The ancient Poets reprefent the fouth as the region of heat. Statius, Theb. I. 160. - aut Bored gelidas, madidive tepentes Igne Noti* Lucan, I. 54. very extravagantly ; Nee pclus avcrfi calidus qua vergitxr Auftri. v. 1007. She ended here .. fo much of death her thoughts Had entertain 'd, as dy'd her cheeks with pale. Virgil, REMARKS ON MILTON. Virgil, JEn. iV. 499. effat^ filet : PalkrfimuL eccupat era. B.XI. 564. In other part ftood one, vrho at the forge Lab'ring, two maffy clods of iron and brafs Had melted, (whether found where cafual fire Had wafted woods, on mountain or in vale, Down to the veins of earth ; thence gliding hot, Sec. From Lucretius, V. 1240. Qucdfufcreft, *s aique aurum, 6?r. See hereafter, in Vol. II. Remarks on Lucretius. II. PARADISE REGAINED. PHELIMIXARY OBSER.VATI03T. This Poem of Milton has not met with the ap- probation that it deferves. It has not the harmony of numbers, the fublimity of thought, and the beauties of diction, which are in Paradife Loft. It is compofed in a lower and leis.Itriking ftyle, a ilyle iuited to the fubjeft. Artful fophiftry, falfe reafoning, fei off in the mofl fpecious manner, and refuted 314 REMARKS ON MILTON. refuted by the Son of God with ftrdng unaffected eloquence, is the peculiar excellence of this Poem. Satan here defends a bad caufe with great ikill and fubtilty, as one thoroughly verfed in that Craft, Qui facer e affuerat Candida de mgris, et de candetitibus atra. Ovid, Met. XI. 314. His character is well drawn. In his fpeeches we may obferve the following Particulars. I. His pretended franknefs and ingenuity ^ in. confeffing who he was, when he found he was dif- covered : B. I. 358. 'Tis true, I am that Spirit unfortunate, Who, leagu'd with millions more in ram revolt, Kept not my happy ftation. II. His plea for himfelf, that he was not a crea- ture quite loft to all good : B. I. 377. For what he bids I do : though I have loft Much luftre of my native brightnefs, loft To be belov'd of God ; 1 have not loft To love, at leafi contemplate and admire, What I fee excellent in good, or fair, Or virtuous ; I mould fo have loft all fenfe. III. His ingenious, moving, and humble apology for lying and fluiffling; B. I. 468. Sharply thou haft infifted on rebuke, And urg'd me hard with doings, which not Will But mifery hath wrefted from me. Where Eafily ON MltT Eafily canft thoo find one miferable, And DOC infercM oit-nmes to pan from moth, If it may Hand him more in {lead to lie, Sir, and udky, feign, flatter, or abjure? But thou ait piac'd above me, thou an Lard; -mthee I can, and moft, fubmMs eodure Check or reproof, and gbd c* eicape fo quk. -.n are the ways of trait, and rough to walk; T. :::.. :~ :;.,- :;~;_: i. .;:_.;.:. -.:i." ::; :. th'ear, And tuneable as G 5 van pipe or feng, &c. nonofhisown rd ffcate. Chrift %s to him, B. IIL 198, &C- But what cDDcercs k thee, when I begin rlaftmg kingdom * why art tfaoa Kncrv^l dioa not that my fifing is thy faQ, And my promotion will be thy definxHon > To whom the Tempter, inly rack'd, Let that COOK when k comer; all hope is loft Of my reception into grace ; what worie r For where DO hope is left, is left no fear; :aere be woiie, the expectation more I would be at the trorft : worft is aiy port, The end I wouki attain, my final good. * VI. Jl REMARKS ON MILTON; VI. His artful flattery to Chrift, B. III. 214; I mall, feys he, be punifh'd, Whether thou Reign or reigri not ; though to that gentle brow- Willingly I could fliej and .hope thy reign (From that placid afpedr. and meek regard,) Rather than aggravate rriy evil ftate, Would (land between me and thy Father's ire, Whole ire I dread more than the fire of Hell ; A flicker, and a kind of (hading cool Interpofition, as a fummer's cloud. Ifaiah, xviii. 4. Like a cloud of dew in the heat of barveft. xxv. 4. Ajhadow from the heat, xxxii. 2. As the Jhadow of a great rock in a weary land. VII. His fubmiffive an^l cunning reply, taught him by his fear, after he had endeavoured to per- fuade Chrift to worfliip him, and had received a fevere reprimand : JB. IV. 196. Be not fo fore offended, Son of God, : Though fons of God both angels are and men, If 1} to try whether in higher fort Than thefe thou bear'ft that title, have propos'd What both from men and Angels I receive, Tetrarchs of fire, air, flood, add on the earth Nations befides., from all the quarter'd winds, God of this world invok*d, and world beneath. Who then thou art, whofe coming is foretold To me fo fatal, me it molt concerns. The REMARKS ON MILTON. 317 The tryal hath endamag'd thee DO way, Rather more honour left, and more eileem ; r.ought advantag'd, miffing what I aim'd. REMARKS PARADISE REGAINED. BOOK I. 175. BUT to vanquife by wifdom hellifh wiles. Milton lays the accent on the laft fyllable of v&iquijb here, as ellewhere in triumph: and in many places, in my opinion, he imitates the Latin and Greek profody, and makes a vowel long before .nfonants. v. 201. r.en I was yet a chiI3, no childKh r To me was pleafing : Ifikoa 318 REMARKS ON MILTON. Milton feems to allude to Callimachus, who fays elegantly of young Jupiter. } Hymn in Jov. 56. AXA* Ti sraJoj ram {ppacr<rao Swift was thy growth, and early wns thy bloom; But earlier wifdom crown'd thy infant days. v. 222. By winning words to conquer willing hearts. Virgil, Georg. IV. 56 r. ftSorque volentes . Per poptdos diit jura. Which cxpreffion of Virgil's, by the way, feems to be taken from Xenophon, Oeconom. XXI. 12. Ou yy.o ITKVV fj.01. Jpxs* oAoy Ti/I* TO oCyuSm avdptflnvw tivcn^ AA SIM, TO f^eAcilwa ac^av. ~I couid add other paffages of Xenophon, which Virgil has manifcilly copied. Thefe growing thoughts my mother foon perceiving, Py words at times cull forth, inly rejoic'd. Virgil, JEn. I. 502. Latent tiU'l. v n perk ,i'.j.nt gaud'ui peflas. v. 307. Or harbour'd in one cave. Read, "feme cave." ON iHLTON. T -3 To draw the proud King Ahab into fraud. That is, into milchief ; as Jfczzj fomciimes means in Latin. See Par. Loft, IX. 643. v- 3 8 5> 397- 5i--~ i" .: :r C :..--.:. Men generally think me modi a foe To all mankind : whyfhouldl? Envy, they iky, excites me; thus to gain Companions of my mifcry and wo. At fail, it may be; but, long fince, with wo Nearer acquainted, now I feel by proof, That fellowihip in pain divides not imuty I think it will not be cavilling to fey, that "tub MAN 's pfnbar faf ibould not be pat in the mouth of Satan; who was no mam\ who had conleflcd to Chriftthat he was the unfortunate Arch-Fiend; and who fpeaks of himfelf. If Milton had been aware of it, he would have corrected it thus : Nor lightens angfrr each oaf's pecoliar load. Or in (brae other manner. Befides, the word mam is repeated here too oftm. Nor lightens ought each muafs peculiar load. Small confolatioo then, were max adjoin'd : This woocds me moft (what can k lefs?) that mum. Mm fidl'n (hall be reilor'd, / crvcr moire. REMARKS ON MILTON. v. 424. Chrift demands of Satan, What but thy malide mov'd thee to mifdeem Of righteous Job, then cruelly to afflict him With all inflictions, but his patience won ? So Edit. 1671. and 1713. Diflinguim thus ; With all inflictions? but his patience won. v- 455> No more malt thou by oracling abufe The Gentiles ; henceforth oracles are ceas'd, Sec. I would not cenfure Milton for mentioning the iilence of Oracles at our Saviour's appearing in the world, both here and in his elegant Hymn on Chrift's Nativity ; becaufe, it adorns the poems, though it be a vulgar error. B. II. 56. Mock us with his bleft fight, then match him hence, Virgil, yn. I. 407. Falfu Ludh imagimbui ? JEn. VI. 869. Oftendent f err is bunc tantumfdta, neque ultra Effifment. v - 355- JtEMARKS ON MILT 32! * 355- Naiades. Milton is not to be blamed for writing, as others did in his time. But, fince the criticks have deter- mined to write NaitUs, in three fyllables, or \aitdrs in four, it is time for the Englith Poets to call the Nymphs Nalds, and not Naiads. B. III. 21, &c. Satan fays to Chrift : Thefe Godlike virtues, wherefore dpft thou hide, Affecting private life ? wherefore deprive All earth her wonder at thy afts? thyfelf The fame and glory, glory, the reward That fole excites to high attempts the flame Of mod erefted fpirits ? To whom oiir Saviour calmly thus reply'd : What is glory, but the blaze of fame, The people's praife, if always praife unmix't ? And what the people, but a herd confus'd, A mifcellaneous rabble, who extol Things vulgar, and well weigh'd fcarce worth the praife ? They praife, and they admire, they know not what, And know not whom, but as one leads the other : And what delight, to be by fuch extoli'd > To live upon their tongues, and be their talk, Y Of REMARKS ON MILTOtf. Of whom to be difpra-is'd were no fmali praife * His lot, who dares be fingularly good. Th' intelligent among them, and the wife, Are few, and glory fcarce of few is rais'd. This paffage deferves attention. The love of glory is a paflion deeply rooted in us and with difficulty kept under. Tw xei/oJb^'av, ue TeXtvlouw %\\uvot., >I Y^X? Ty'tfyww Vo1j'3'fSt, fays Plato. Helvidins Pnfcus, as Tacitus relates, was poiTefled of all the virtues which make a great and a good man. He was a Stoic into the bargain ; and there- fore bound, by the principles of his philofophy, to fet a fmall value upon the ra x ty V[MV' And yet, erant qulbus appetentior fam<e videretur : quando etlani faplen- tlbus cupido gloria novtflima exuitur. Hift. IV. 5. As at Rome, and in Greece, a fpear, a crown of oak or laurel, a ftatue, a public commendation, was efteem- cd an ample recompenfe for many brave actions ; fo it is as true, that not a few of their great men were over-fond of fame, and meer flaves to the love of it. Let us fee what the Philofophers have faid con- cerning a greedy defire of glory, fuch a defire of it, as leads men to make it the ruling principle of their actions ; and incites them to do well, only, or ehiefly, in order to be admired. We mail find them condemning it, and faying things agreeable enough to what Milton puts into- the mouth of our Saviour. lllud REMARKS ON MILT : 1 . Wmlamtem te mdmnta^ ne tenon acre, yd XCM fnJKcrt*fcd cnfrid vobnt* fmdes *%**. Seneca, EpifLV. m virtttem Jm*m fmWciri nil, *m virtuti lafo* rat, fcdgbn*. Nmis t/t j*ft*sjive gbria. Jt 9 mekrndes, fr j^ms & MM cum mfmm*, a ***c, Jiftpi:, mala ffpm* base pert* dekOtt. Idem, Epift. cxni. CavenJ* tjtglffriz apu&as, is a teflon delivered by one, who in that particular did DOC pradife what he taughr. De Officiis : I. Las amorc tmma ? faa crrta flooda* tjpue te Yer pur: ic3o fotennt recreere EScQo. Horace, EpiflL 1. 1. 36. Cicero, Tufc. Difp. V. jd. open which Dr. Dairies remarks, " EgrtgoM hoc mnamm Sacrtti fd J&u&m, i* aaduKm jvpri itacxdtacit: \3 Wfa^pnTc ( -, -I !>:*ux ^T-JH oJ-ni. *^.-ii'^-- : rl MA0 ; ZMK^TV, *TI h^*^ a ^ p^ i O>; el TV KPLfiow uasaatotj , 1C - - ', O" * V *S- UCM at IYTM &MOU ; 35 a ri jt*T a r TW i&gwjj^w.- Epioetus, Eochir. XL V. Uys, I v^7* Y2 324 REMARKS ON MILTON. TSTtj l* f JJ3 Xci, Ku T proficientis funt : Neminem vituperate neminem de nemlne queritur, neminem incufat ; nibil de feipfo dicit, Et Jl quis ipfuni laudet, ridet laudantem ipfe fecuffi ; etfi vltuperet, non fe pur gat. Idem, apud Stobseum : (Pi\vjo&, x, (piAo^!^, *} (piAexaA^. Nemo pecuni<e amans, et voluptatis, et gloria ) fimul homines amat\ fed folus honejii amans. So Plato, De Rep. I. fays, that a fondnefs of glory is as mean a vice as a fondnefs of money. Many fuch like paflages might be added, particu- larly from Marcus Aurelius, and other Stoical Writers. The Stoics, though they refufed to give fame and glory a place amongft good things, yet, I think, did not flight the efteem of good men: they diftinguifhed between gloria and claritas. Thus Seneca, Epift. CII. Gloria tmdtorum judiciis conjlat, claritas bonorum. - [Sed claritas] poteji unius borii viri jndicio ejjc con tent a. I cannot forbear inferting here a paflage from Seneca, which I believe will pleafe the reader as much as it does me. It relates to that fond Hope, which we Writers, good, bad, and indifferent, are apt to entertain, that our name and labours ihall be immortal-, and it tells us, as elegantly as truly, what we have to expect. Profunda fupra nos alfitudo tempom iEMARKS ON 3*11,7, 325 :p*Ka itgfriacapfttxjirf*!-, eta idem tornado j*e Jftfmtom aktmra Mourn re/!fl.fxf, acjfm vaahot. Epift. XXI. Wee:: Time fbouid take the charge of our writings, and deliver them fafe to the kreft pofterity : bur, he is as fcrl y and whimfical as Charon : JEneid, Simwct oraties /ran tramfmttere cmfam^ ', / '.'..'.'.' '.'''.: ''-..".'..'. ''.is. ' ,.";'; .' . ." " :; { , Jfsxiteffi Srsfis mac bes 9 wac aaxfit iSos ; Jtf aEea Ing* fsmrnetos m 'at artm*. If we have ihe mortification to fee par works die before, us, we may comfort ouHeiTes with the confidenrion, which Seneca fuggefh to us, That a time will come, when the mottr ciccMcm aid ad- mired compoaons (hall peril:.. N : - ;s the coo- iblation much (mailer, which oSeis kfelf to us, v. .-.;.-. v = l>:k -i:k. i~d :c.-^.:e: r : v .1-7 ::- a^:h:--ri :iic:e ~-tii: r;c-> haj bc-:~. c: hpn] ro memorial is left ; and how many, of whom nothing but the bare name iuonrives ; and how many books are extant indeed, but never read. Afar t& bac terimaz, Baratlro, a campfz yurda. Lantsxafs ocmSs ristm fanu Ami? riEqmit, Lucretius, 1IL ver. 967, 1038. To thefe motives of contentment under iuch cir* cmnfiances, I need not add, what every neglected author %* to himfeif, That the age he Eves in has iio t; 3 v. 124- 326 REMARKS ON MILTON, v. 124. God made all things, chiefly, -. To fhew forth his goodnefs, and impart His good communicable to every foul Freely; of whom what could he lefs expect Than glory and benediction, that is, thanks; The flighteft, eafieft, readieft recompenfe From them, who could return him nothing elfe, , And not returning what would likdiejl render Contempt inftead, difhonour, obloquy ? Hard recompenfe ! unfuitable return For fo much good, fo much beneficence ! So in Edit. 1713. In Edit. 1671 it is And not returning that would likeliefl render. Read, And not returning that, would likeliefl render. v. 288. There Sufa by Choafpes, amber flream, The drink of none but kings. I am afraid Milton is miftaken here. That the Kings of Perfia drank no water, but that of the river Ckoafpes, is well known to have been afierted by many antient writers : but that none but Kingj drank of it, is what I believe cannot be proved ; tnd if we examine ic as an hiflorical probkm, whe- ther $ ON MiLTOX. 527 ACT the kings of Perfa alone drank of Choalpes, we (hall find great rcafoa t detenninc in d* L We have /or this opinion die knce of mar authors, by whom we ~jgtrt hare expected to-have 1-3 inc zhe fid: COG anasd, tad ice)- kn D -v n of ir? y :'^ ci: cuflom. Herodotus, Scrabo, Tibuikis, Autonim, Miximus - Ariiiides, Plu:: iy .the eider, Aiheczus, Dicn?iis . _ - _ 1 _ - fladuqs hare men: . ^j) it die drink of die kkgs of Fcr^i, or Parthia ; or hare called it Bar Ju vn^, rrrj ^a^r : but none hare (aid that /**JF dome drank of it. I (ay, Cbo- afpcs, or Fj^lgi 3 because ibme make them the and others have counted rhrm as different The filence of Herodotus ought ID be of great *^ftt> bccacfe he is fo particular in his account of the Perfian affairs; and next to his, the filence of Pliny, who had read fo many audioes, is confider- II. Though k can hardly be expected that a ne- gative (hould be proved any other way, than from the filence of writers ; yet, fo it happens, that .. _ . :: his authority be admit*. -ds us Hlii XII. 40. a fufl proof, that Choafpes [ be drunk by the &;& t?f &t kisgs of Y 4 328 REMARKS ON MILTON. Tdrt aAAa tyooia, t*irtlo TU H^tf v a , xj ?u x) ucTwc tfxoAttS'n TO T n Ttd 6a<riX V E7rtV ?W TBTO Hs <c In the carriages which followed Xerxes, there were abundance of things, which ferved only for pomp and orientation : there was allb the water of Ckoafpss. The army being opprefled with thirft, in a defert place, and the carriages not being yet come up, it was proclaimed, that if any one had of the' water of Choafpes, he fhould give it Xerxes to drink. One was found, who had a little, and that not fweet. Xerxes drank it, and accounted him xvho gave it him a benefactor, becaufe he had periihed with thirft, if that little had not been found." III. Mention is made indeed by Agatbocles, of a certain water, which none but Perfian kings might -drink: and if any other writers mention it, they take it from Agathoclcs. We find in Athenams : A^a$oxA>tf *v Ilcfo-aic <p*ww xaA/xvoi/ i'o tiva.i <?E T]O Ae^f i$Q- K, p.tiJ'fva TSivtw V.TT' JIa n p,ovci/ SxriXtot KJ rov ^ aJ? TWV Tff&touv ' ram Ss aXXuv fv TJf Wiw, fr ;( ui. " Agathocles fays that there is in Perfia TAlttS tttf MiLTO*r. Pferfa a water, called *W*; that it cor.fiiV of ilrrams; that * drink of k except the and btsekkft foe; and that if any wther per- foe docs, death is the ptsorflmienr- See Herodot Edit. Grooor. p. 594. where this pirBgr is to be IV. It appears not that die Ccffl^"". from AgadsocU . Kocacr, IL T. fx 1301. Ed. E * ____< ___ -<*'-^ gr - tfT . * ^TK ** if^^A^ m^.l -^/"Wb.- -- . 35, TS XTtSW VW, *p " The Pcrfcunss had a wattr caHsd nx, &TC. It is dowbccd whether the wsser rfCbvfar, which the Perisan king drank in his expedidoos, was for- bidden to all others, imder die time qapkal :r may be granted, and it is not at all.ko- pfobable, that EOCC befides the kiog might drink of that water of Oboaipes, which was boiled 'and barrelled up for bis uicin his military expeditious. Solinos indeed, who is a frivolous vrirer, " Choafpes &s Mas e/, f Pafd nga $sa*>- x extra r?po Frjst&f**::, f&fn ex ee feod* tv- ffZrirf* YIL Milton, 33<3 REMARKS ON MILTON. VII. Milton, confidercd as a poet, with whofe purpofe the fabulous fuited beft, is by no means to be blamed for what he has advanced ; and even the authority of Solinus is fufficient to juftify him, From his calling Choafpes te amber flream," he feems to have had in view the golden water of Agathocks, and of his tranfcribers. B. IV. 15. Or as a fwarm of flies in vintage time, About the wine-prefs where fweet muft is pour'd, Beat off, returns as oft with humming found ; So Satan - Yet gives not o'er, though defperate of fuccefs, And his vain importunity purfues. The comparifon is very juft, and alfo in the man- ner of Homer. II. n. 641. Ot <T atfi wr* VIX.POV op^tov, wj ors fj-v"a,i SraS-jaa! w jS^OjW.tWt Tfftffyha'ysa.i; xstla. wjAXaj *Xlct) Iv fla^ivr, OTE rt r yXoiy(& A'yl'ia, OSUEJ. 1UI offidue circa mortuum verfabantur, ut quum mufc* In caula fufurrant lafte plenas ad mulftras *Tempore in vernO) quando lac vafa So likewife, II. P. 570. Ka ol Et REMARKS ON MILTC Et (i mttfc* atuLacitm pc8orifat$ immijit, ^r he ft cbafa crebn a corprt ivn<oo, jtypetit mor&re. Or eznbaflies from regie. : :.: ::rr.otc, Ir. various habits on the Appian road, Or on th 7 Emflian ; fome from fartheft Svene, and where the fhadow both way falls, Merc . > :ic Ifle, -c,fjrtbfftjbiiti:. How can that be? when Meroe, mentioned in tbenext line (to fay n; of other places) was farther fouih. Milton knew it, and thought of it too, as appears from his fsying, and where the fhadow both way falls, Meroe, Nilotic ifle. Syene being fituate under the Tropic of Cancer, the (hadow falls there always one way; except at the fummer Solftice, when the Sun is vertical liienj at noon, the fhadow falls no v Umbra* Kitfyuam JUEeute S\-cns. L-jcan, II, 587. But in Meroe the fhadow falls both ways, at different times of the year; and therefore Meroe muft be farther fouth than Syenc, and nearer the To 33 2 REMARKS ON MILTON", To this I fay, that Milton had in view what he had read in Pliny and other authors, that Syene was the limit of the Roman Empire, and the re- moteft place to the fouth that belonged to it ; and to that he alludes. Or, it may be faid, that poets have not fcruplcd to give the epithets cxtremi, tdtimi, fartkeft, re- motejl, to any people that lived a great way off; anci that poffibly Milton intended that fartbejl fouth fhould be fo applied, both to Syene and to Meroe. v. 130. Chrift fays of Tiberius, Let his tormentor Confcience find him out, ]N/lilron had in view what Tacitus and Suetonius have related of this imperial monfter. " Tiberius, that complete pattern of wickednefs and tyranny, had taken as much pains to conquer thefe fears [of confcience] as any man, and had as many helps and advantages towards it, from great fplendor and power, gnd a perpetual -iucceffion of new bufmefs, and new pleafures; and yet, as great a mafter of the art of pliflimujation as ,he \va?, he could not diffemble the inward fenfe of his guilt, nor prevent the open eruptions of it, upon very improper occafions, \Vitnefs that Lc/fer'j \vhicli ::LTO>T. he wrote to :e, from his impure rctreatment at Cttprc*. Tacitus has preferved the firft lines of it ; and there cannot be a livelier image of a mind, filled with wild dif: ~.d defpair, than what: : us." [Anna'.. .163. Infigne vifum eft earum Csefaris literaruai inhiura ; nam his verbis e .] " Quid fcribacn vobis, " P. C. aut quomodo Icribam, a.. .nnico " non fcribam hoc tempore, Dii me Deaeque pejus " perdaat quam perire quotidie featio, li tcio!". [Adeo facinora atque flagitia fua ipfi quoque in fupplicium verterant.] That is, " What, or how, at this dme, I (hall write to you, Fathers of the Senate, or what indeed I fhall not vrrire to you, may all the powers of heaven confound me yet worle than they have already done, if I know, or can imagine/' A isrvation upon it, is well worthy of ours. " In this manner, fays he, was this emperor punilhed, by a reflection on his own infamous life and guilt ; nor was it in vain that the greateft mafter of Wifdom (he rne:>ns Pbto y ) .-d, that were the bread of t :e bid open to our view, we ihould fee there nothing buc ghaftly wounds and bcuiies ; the confciouinefs of their own cruelcy, lewdneis and ill conduct, leaving as deep and bloody prints on their minds, as the 5 of the fcourge do on the : ilave. Tiberius (adds he) confelTed as much, whc uttered thde words ; nor could his high ftation, or even privacy and retirement itfelf, hinder him DQBI REMARKS ON MILTON. from difcovering to all the world the inward agonies and torments under whieh he laboured." Sec Bilhop Atterbury's Sermons, Vol. II. Serm. IV. P. 114- who refers to Hooker's excellent reflections on. this paiTage of Tiberius-, (Hook. p. 367.) and from whom the above is taken. Suetonius, Tiberius. 67. Pojiremb femet ipfe pertttfus talis ep'iflolte prindpio iantum non fummam malorum. fuorum profeffits eft; " Quidfcribam, &c." Perhaps it mould be, tali. v. 157. Nothing will pleafe the difficult and nice. Perhaps we mould read, tbee, difficult and nice. v. 215. As by that early action may be judg'd, When, flipping from thy mother's eye, thou went'ft Alone into the temple ; there was found Amongfl the graved Rabbies. Rather, waft. v. 267. Thofe ancient, whofe refiftlefs eloquence Wielded at will that fierce Democratic, Shook th' Arfenal, and fulmin'd over Greece. Alluding REMARKS OS SilLTCiS. Alluding to what Ariftephanes hisfaki of Perkks, inhis Achanmfcs, Ad.IL S Hr ji?f, i^^WTx, gsBsnxz TV "EiAflJ*. See Dr. Newton's note on the place. v. 409. And cither Tropic new *Gan thunder ; and both cads of heaven, the cload? From many a horrid rift abortive pour*d Fierce rain, with lightning min. Place the flops thus j And either Tropic now 'Gan dixmder, and both ends of heaven. The clouds From many, &c. It thundered from both Tropics; that is, per- haps, from the right, and from the left. The Ancients had very different opinions concerning the right and the left fide of the world. Plutarch fays, that Ariilotle, Plato, and Pythagoras were of opinion, that the Eaft is the right fide, and the Weft the lefts but that Empcdocles held that the right fide is towards the fummer Tropic, and the left towards the winter Tropic. II. 10. 336 REMARKS ON MILTON. 'AiUTrlioj o?oi7.* rx iv iuy, T Idem, de Ilid. p. 363, If by either Tropic be meant the right fide and the left, then by both ends of heaven may be underftood, before and behind. I know it may be objected, that the Tropics cannot be, the one the right fide, and the other the left, to thofewho are placed with- out the Tropics : But I do not think that objection to be very material. I have another expofition to offer, which is thus : It thundered all along the heaven; from the north Pole to the Tropic of Cancer, from thence to the Tropic of Capricorn, from thence to the South Pole. From Pole to Pole. The ends of heaven are the Poles. This is a poetical temped ; like that in Virgil, ./En. I. 94. Intonuere poli - " Id eft, extreme partes cteli, - a quibus totum cesium contonuiffe fignifical " Servius. v. 422. Infernal ghofts and hellifli furies round Environ 'd thce -, fome howl'd, &c. This defcription is taken from a print which I have feen, of the temptation of St. Anthony. 1EMARKS ON MILTON. r. 5 j. As when Earth's fon, Ar : conmM , Small things wkh greate) in With Jove's Alcides. :: i is a place in Lybia, mentioned by Heredo- IV. 158. *,-** x*f? *V V* *^*> and from him by Stephacus Byzantius, who fays, ~Ifor* 9 Tcr0 AI-JIK, ec o (^n^t>^ BATIW A&e;, Jr'H^O' - Berkelius r . Hxjxs itrbif qwcqiu mtminit pixdanu, Pyth. IX. ,?*' read Atpticis, or ss]yi-nr r oT,. kcumjic Jcribit Scbduiflu : WCVCT 'A^aT^, ^ *>jira,' 'H j &^c/. rfert: "E From whence we may obfe -: in Herodotus and Z REMARKS ON MILTON. name of a place ; in Pindar and his Scholiaft, the name of a town. That the name is Irafa in Herodotus, Hlrafa in Stephanus, (though perhaps it mould be Irafa, Ijj<ra, there) Iraffa in Pindar and his Scholiaft. That the Scholiaft fays, Antzeus dwelt at Irafa ; not he who wreftled with' Hercules, but one of later date ; which, if true, makes againft Milton. That he afterwards adds, that, according to the opinion of fome, the Antaeus whom Hercules overcame, was 'ipawro-fu?, aVo 'Ipa<r<rv : which Ber- kelius takes to be the genitive cafe of TO, 'If aava, though it may be a *Ij>a<r<ra. 111. SAMSON A G O N I S T E S. Verfe 53. But what is ftrength, without a double fliare Ofwifdom, &c. Ovid, Met. XIII. 363, &c. I'u vires fine mente geris : > tu tantum Corpore prodes ; Nos ammo, ^uantoqne ratem qui tem$crat t anteit Remigh officium, &c. V. 102. REMARKS ON MILTON. 339 V. 102. Myfelf, my fepulchre, a moving grave ! See Note in this Vol. p. 139. Remarks OH Spenfer, B. II. C. vni. St. 1 6. v. 241. ^ ,- , , Thar fault I take not on me, but transfer Oa Ifrael's governors, and heads of tribes. Milton certainly intended to reproach his countrymen indirectly, and as plainly as he dared, with the reftoration of Charles II. which he ac- counted the rejhratiou of Slavery; and with the execution of the Regicides. He purfues the fame fubject again, ver. 678 to 70:. I onder how the licenfers of thofe days let it pafs. v. 492. Garrulity a fin That Gentiles in their parables condemn To their abyls and horrid pains confin'd. Alluding to Tantalus. v. 700. In crude old age. This " crude old age," in Virgil, and in other writers, isjlrong and robuft. Thus, JLa. VI. 304. /. />wr j fed cruda Deo vtrldifquc fsnsciu*. Z 2 B-: 340 REMARKS ON MILTOJf. But Milton ufes crude here for premature, or coming before its time ; as eryda funera in Statius, Thcb. IX. 391. quo jam nee cruda nepotis Funera, nee noftri valeant perrumpere planftus ? Old age brought on by poverty, and by fick- nefs; as Hefiod fays, Efy. I. 93. v. 726. Yet on flie moves, now {lands, and eyes thee fix'd, About t' haveljpoke ; but now, with head declin'd, Sec. Like Ifmene, in Sophocl. Antigone, ver, 536. K J1X11V TSTf TTUAWV Vltf 'l(TjM.71Vn. u. xdlu Jlxxpy* il^ofAivn v. 971. Fame, if not double-fac'd, is double-mouthed, And with contrary blaft proclaims moft deeds ; On. both his wings, one black, the other white, Bears greateft names in his wild aerie flight. I think REMARKS OK MILTOX. 341 I dunk Feme has pafled for a GoUrfs cfcr finoc Hefiod deified her: E*. II. 381. MDroo makes her a Gtf; I kow DOC whj, un- Ids Jrmfrm j , jn jfen? mtrimfax jaaa psn'ui- fctwurm babtrt wgmma So in his LYCIDAS (imlcis i: be a dfc print) he ikys, T. 19. So may ibme gcntk Mufe With lucky words favour my deftm'd urn; And as be patfcs turn, And bid fair peace be to my fable (hioud, Where 3%f, in the mafculine, for a poet, is vay bold. Perhaps the laft line ftouW be, Bears greateft names in his w& aerie flight. .\V bat Milton lays of Fame's bearing great names on his wings, teems to be partly nom Horace, Lib. D. Od. U. 7. JBug *get * T. 1695. - But as an eagle His doudlefs thunder bolted on their heads, Z 342 REMARKS ON MILTON. In the Ajax of Sophocles it is faid, that his ene- mies, if they fa\y him appear, would be terrified, like birds at the appearance of the vulture, or eagle. Ver. 1 6. 'AAX' ore y'Kf <Jfl T <roi> o/xjt*' aViJpav, v, olre irlnvuv tHiXoti The Greek verfes I think are faulty; and, as I remember, are corrected, not amifs, by Dawes in his Mifcellanea Critic a. IV. POEMS ON SEVERAL OCCASIONS. ON THE DEATH OF A FAIR INFANT. s T A N z. viii. line 53. Or wert thou that fweet-fmiling youth ? A word of two fyllables is wanting, to fill up the meafure of the verfe. It is eafy to find fuch a word, but impoffible to determine what word Milton would have inferted. He ufes Youth, in the feminine gender, as the Latins fometimes ufe JUVENIS-, and by this " fair youth" he probably means the Goddefs Hebe, who was alfo called Juvenlas, or Juvehta* VACATION ON MILTON. 513 VACATION EX 3*. " The thunderous Throne. 1 ' Should it not be ttt fbiuienfs? MARCHIONESS OF WINCHESTER'S EPITAPH, v. 19. He at their invoking came, But with a fcarce well-lighted flame. From Ovid, Met. X. 4. JHfidt 2k fodem; Jed *ec Jbfauia verba, ' Ncc Utos vmbmS) tecfdif attaEt omtm. Fax tpoyu , tpttm tawt, terimaft fn&da frm Ufaiefmt, nOofyu tmx*i/ motifas igses. I L P N S E R O S O. T. ICO. Or the Tale of Troy divine, s called jkraj Trey, ia Homer, IL Z. 44$. '' IT Z a v. i;i. 344 REMARKS ON MILTON. v. 151. And as I wake fweet mufic breathe, &c. This thought is taken from Shakefpear's Tempeft. Aft I. Scene II. " Where (hould this mufic be? i' th' air, or th' earth? I hear it now above me." L Y C I D A S. v. 142. Bring the rathe primrofe, that forfaken dies. The pritnrofe, being an eariy flower, is at firft very acceptable; and being a lafting flower, it continues, till it is put out of countenance by thofe which are more beautiful ; and fo dies, forfaken, and neglected. v. 154. Whilft thee the mores, &c. Stores is improper; and I fancy it fliould be Shies ; the fhallow waters -, brevia. So Mn. I. 115. v. 183. KEMA2.K5 ON 9HI.TOK. 345 v. ,83. I: ';:'.;.._-::: ::"::': :.:t ~ : .": i".: -7-7 .:- kal Poets arc inclined to canomze, and men to invoke their friends, as faints. Sec Poem on the Fair Infent, Stanz.X. T. 193. T i ."-fccnrj.;. *-' ... I. X^r'- ^/Sp But it is nine to give over, aad to apply to other A ERMON rtEACHKD AT T H * CONSECRATION or T a * RIGHT REVEREND FATHER IX GOD. Z A C H A R r, LORD BISHOP OF B A X C O R, Is KENSINGTON CHURCH, O N S U N D A V, FEBRUARY u, 747 Jtr of bis Grace ibt Lcrd Arcbbijbcp efCmttrbvrj. C 349 3 RIGHT REVEREKD FATHER I !f GOD, Z A C H A R Y, LORD BISHOP OF BAN'GOR. M T LORD, Ira ferious endeavour to difchargc the duty of a Preacher, and a defire to appear not unworthy of your choice and regard, could have fupplied all that the Occafion required, I might without diffidence have offered this Dif- courfe to your Lordihip, and to the Public, Bur, whatever our capacities may be, it is one of our principal concerns not to be deficient in the moral qualities, Amongft thefe Gratitude holds no in- confiderablt [ 350 ] confiderable place; againft which I mould trefpafs, if I neglected this opportunity of acknowledging your favours. My prefent intention is to pay debts, as far as they may be paid, by owning them; and not to attempt any thing that looks like com- mendation and praife. I leave that to LONGINUS and to CICERO ; and am, My LORD, Your LORDSHIP'S Moft obliged Humble Servant, JOHN JORT1N. i 351 R M O X, Exhorting UK aotter. IT appeals from the whole tenor of the New Teftament, that one of the great ends of Chriffianity was to produce and prefenre amongft its profeflbrs a more forprifing and a more amiable union and harmony than Legifhtors had ever enjoined, and Philofophers had ever contriTcd and recommend- ed ; far furpaffing what the obedient difciples of Pjthagoras, or the rigid En'enes had effected, or the ideal Republic of Plato had feigned. Our Saviour laid the foundation lor this happr concord in his great commandment, Love tme SERMON. if ye love one another. His Apoftles proceeded as he had begun, and their writings are a perpetual com- mentary upon their Matter's favourite text. From all who took upon them the Chriftian name, they required a liberality, which ihould fuf- fer no brother to be in want. St. Paul by an apt fimilitude, well known to Pagan writers, who made ufc of the fame * com- pares the fbcial to the natural body ; and requires the cloie connection, and confpiring confent, and fellow-feeling, and mutual fupport in the one, which is obfervable in the other. He exhorts them to fubmit themfclves to one another, and in honour to prefer one another. This is affability of the heart, as well as of the de- meanour : this is Chriftian civility ; as many de- grees above modifli civility, as to ferve another effectually is better than to ke Ms mojl obedietit fervant. Again-, they are exhorted to lay open their doubts, their weakneffes, their defecls, their wants, and their furrows to each other ; to ftir up one another to good works; to forbear, to forgive, to fupport, to advife, to inftrudt, to edify, and to com- * Cor., i. xii. 26. Wither one member jH/er, Bcc. Plato : o1 v , TI XOHVHOL r, xstlx TO yufjLX. ir ra a^cilc? tr uTn, r.s^im vi x* cX*j. De Rep. V. p. 462. Ed. Seneca : Quid fi nocere velint manus pedibus, tnanibus oculi ? Ut cmnia inter ft membra confrnii unt, qtiia fingula ftrvari totius interefs\ ita, &c. De Ira, 1 1 . 31 . Others have colie&ed other paifcges. 8 fort SERMON. 353 fort one another ; to rejoice and to mourn with one another, and to pray for one another : All which fuppofes a myfterious and a fpiritual union, not to be underftood by profane and uninitiated minds, which, without deftroying fubordinadon, produced a Chriitian equality : for, if the wife could teach the unlearned, and the rich relieve the poor, the unlearned and the poor could pray for his bene- fcuftor, and thereby make him no mean recom- penfe. Nothing was more likely to difturb this (acred' union of good minds, than the extraordinary gifts then variously conferred upon Chriitians, which might excite a little vanity in feme, ar.d a little jealoufy in others : Therefore St. Paul took care to inform them that brotherly love was the faireft and the bell of all endowments ; that it was above ail the miraculous powers that ever appeared, if they were all united in one perfon ; and that it would mine in heaven, when their trannrory luftre mould be exrincl: : a declaration, which ro frantic viflon- giy, or interefted impoftor, who hhnfeif pretended to thofe gifts, would ever have m: en a man afcends in imagination to thofe . and fancies himielf a memb : : lano- cent infant republic, and then awakes from the pleating dream, and cafls h:s eyes upon the about him, he canno: hel : what an altera- tion corroding ages have made in this refpect ; for Choftiaoky is lecularifed to fuch a degree, that A a little 354 S E R M O N. little of this honed, plain, inartificial kindhefs fub- fifts. However, Religion ftill reflrains much evil, and produces much good, and ferves to many ex- cellent purpofes ; though fome arc fo injudicious, that they cannot perceive it, or fo perverfe, that they will not own it. Nor, indeed, mud we ima- gine that, even in the Golden age of the Gofpel, theie fair ideas were nniverfally or perfectly exem- plified, or forget the many complaints of the Apoftles thcmfelves, concerning falfe or weak bre- thren, and diforderly walkers. To fay the truth, there is a little illufion in the reprefentation which we form to ourfelves of thofe days : diftance fmoothes fome imperfections, and time ibftens fome (hades. Amongft the focial and friendly duties which feem to be generally recommended, and which every one was called upon to perform, is the duty of exhortation. Exhort one another : To what ? To good works, without queftion ; to every thing that a Chriftian ought to do. Much of the fame nature is the precept, Admoni/h one another, and, Warn one another. The text is concerning Exhortation ; the dif- courfe has been hitherto concerning mutual affec- tion ; but the connexion between thefe t\vo things, and the dependance of the former upon the latter, is greater than fome may perhaps imagine. Ex- hortation ought to proceed from brotherly love, dfe it will be faulty in its motives, and unfucceff- ful SERMON. 355 fill in its attempts ; and becaufe k often is fa, this has given rile to two fpknedc oh&rvatioos, *nade by thofe who view human n icurc in the wodt light : Firft, that every man is liberal of advice ; lecondl/, that no man is the better for k. If a pedbn ex- hort another, purely becsufe he is a. mend, and detire his welfare, the very marker will fhew tbe man ; for love has an air, which is not easily coun- terfeited : He will temper his advice with discretion and humility; he will add whadbever is cecefiary to recommend it : and if a perfbn be perfbadcd that he wlio gives him his advice would alfb give him any thing die that he could reaibnably defire, be is not a little diipofeu to attend to it, and to al- lo-x it a favourable bearing. Exhortatioa comes moft properly firoai fnperiors .in equals. It is pan of the disty of nikrs to Children s raaflers to (ervancs, the elder to the younger, zzd friends to friasds, rriendlhip alv. jr m^kcs a certaia r. at be oor^vement or decect that every man, upon every occafion, fhould cshort every man; but every perfon has his L -als, and towards them he is to exercife this o^Bce upon all inviting opportunities. Befides ; there is a for. I may to call k to virtue and to goodciefs whicb every Chriftian ougb*: to exercife, even towards his fuperiors ; and that is, 'to ijpeak well of all thofe who deferre well of Kw, and of the Chnftiaa worLi. A a 2 i-- i 356 SERMON. and who fill up their fhitions with dignity and in- tegrity ; to ejieem -them bigkly for tbcir work's fake ; to praife good things and good perfons : To which I fhall not add, that he has the fame call, and the fame right, to blame thofe who are deficient, and who want either the capacity or the will of acting fuitably to their office and rank ; becaufe cenfure is often as nearly related to cenforioufnefs in reality, as it is in found, and is not a weapon fit for every hand to wield. But here, likewife, there is an indi- rect cenfure, as well as an indirect exhortation ; and furely, every one may affume the honeft freedom to pafs by in neglect and iilence thofe who deferve reproach and difgrace. It would conduce to many good purpofes, if this negative reproof were fo duly difpenfed, that all the profligate, the infolent, the unworthy, and the ufilt/s& all the refufc and rub- bifh of fociety, of what rank and condition foever, might defcend to the grave vncommended, and there lie and moulder in oblivion. Pity that this ever mould prove the fate of thofe, to whom other re- turns are due. Reputation indeed accompanies de- fert, as its fhadow ; but fometimes the day is over- cad, and the Hi ado w difappears. The office of exhortation is, in a more particular manner, incumbent upon us, who are the minifters of the Gofpel ; and we are exprefsly required to ex- hort, warn, adnionifh, incite, and reprove, with , homines nihili. Lukf, xva. 10, humble s E i M c 357 iiaegiik), and prodem zeaL To mfift upon this, oikd^ragafeag-K* etafhxs, *&& mugefficg ; and ponaps Ac fobjeft might be treated I;VI.-T:Z: 17 :r.:;> ~z: i:~ r. cf dcccracy, ve may fcfily m&iiatc,, and the ibber post of dae vrarid mill bear wkoels to k that we tiLrp no dominion over men's cooioences, or per- fceas, or puries ; that we pretend not to what ewoy Pikof Ac Romifli Church afllmcs, cvcrr gifad of 2 besfier cbjcffiofi, we hive been acoufed of for- iml Qasc, and fpiritaal pddr, and of ocaring; oor- fdrcs as fiifiifnriTo ifkmx*, aphiaie wiiidi ^c For this, I ^ Dmtarjs make and grimaring Kxmlc ajms at fooic- diat is meant fora jdt Tbeywffl not IB, k fcems, *liat /& D!n?tf paid to Pud aad Sflas, vbeo be laid, Ttrfe mem mnfrmtfs tfd* MfJSgb Bcckb T*fe badi eaten up their undafianmog; and k is sJtogetiierimiieceflarj to wain them, oot to make as 01 isfeof tbcir Wst. Happy would they be, if tlsev verr as fccore from all odacr daasgcr ; for, in i ; .:.r :.-:-_.: iikoie,to whomJ2f hssteagox*; and of whom, Ir rey Aai 358 SERMON " But," it may be faid, " after all, over-bearing haughtinefs and iblemn pride are bad things, and deferve blame." Very true ; nor are we backward to disapprove them. We are not unwilling to con- demn all pride in general ; and in particular that poor and filly pride, which makes a man exalt him- felf on account of his ftation, and thereby confefs that he has nothing better to be proud of; Nor have we any thing to plead in behalf of cold and diftant airs, or of that forbidding gravity, which has been called, well enough, " a myftery of the Body, invented to conceal the imperfections of the Underftanding." There are particular feafons and occafions for particular exhortations , as when a pcrfon is ad- vanced to any high ftation in the Chriftian re- public : It is then expedient that he fhould be admonilhcd to beware of himfelf, and to remember \vhat God and men expe<5t from him ; and every one who defcrves fuch a ftation, will take it kindly, to be thus reminded of his duty. In St. Paul's exhortations to Timothy and to Titus, there is fomctning, which, according to our modern ideas of civility, muft appear ttrange. To exhort fuch pcvfons that they avoid what is evil, and praclife what is good, fccms to us a tacit infinuation, that they are deficient in their duty, or, at lead, a kind of fuperfluous profufion of counfel. But, in the opinion of St. Paul, no man was too fkilful, or too high, or too holy, to be exhorted and advifed. In the Apoftolical writings we fee an unuffeded fim- plicity SERMON. 359 pficity of fentiment and diftion, which, when k is found in other ancient anchors, never fails to pkafe the judicious; and ufoatty furpafles ftudied thoughts and laboured fentences, as much as Nature is ibperior to Ait. One good man admonHhcs another with a candid freedom, and gives him a lefFon of cmtion aad humility , upon the fuppofi- :har none is entirely fafe and quite remote from afl fpiritnal danger, whilft h- is in a (bite of probation. The divine WHdom, which would not level iliirc nenmgs agatnft impofiiDuiQcs, has ~..:. iti::.r~~ c: ~.~.'. ~ IT: r~ . - * ./;:... ; : ~. :.-". . ; ; txreetk mamy from Hr rigbtnmfiejs which is enough to malce a nghteous man tremble. A per/: z iv crr.rir.us /_:~ ::: 2, ::-/.dc:_r.r :i~ : ; (b Bar true to his duty, ss to cotuiact no verr fool Ipot ; tfll at length iome imperious Temptation demands admittance; and then Virtue, Coafcience, Honour, Religion, 611 before her, to the furprife of men, and to the grief of Angek. Admonition therefore is right and fit; and fo judges our Church, and has made a prorifion for k in the It may be thought that the Admonition in the Office is a proper fiibjcci to be aflbmed and en- larged pon in a dticourfe ; and ib it would, if k were in fuitable hands, tte eUers, (ays St. Peer, lafort, VE&O am df> am dltr. k k impoffibk to attempt k in the pretence of one, who, as b all A a 4 c:hf: 360 SERMON. other rcff efts, To, in eminence of ftation, is far better qualified to perform it. Shall we then difcourfe concerning the Degrees of facred offices, and the form of Church govern- ment which is here cftablifhed ; and vindicate it from the rude afperfions of fome, and the weak prejudices of others ? This is a difcouraging fub- ject, for it has been frequently and fully difcufied, and nothing new can be offered upon it worthy to engage attention. But from the mention of it we may take occafion to admonifh and exhort men, to fet a juft efteem upon the religion which the kind Providence of God has preferved amongft us, and by which we are as advantageoufly diftin- guifhed as we can reafonably expec"l ; for Perfcflion dwells not fare below. Whofocver knows, even fuperficially, what paflcs and has pafTed in the Chriftian world, knows whai has been thejpirit and the condud of fome Synods and Aflemblies, I will not fay any thing harder of Proteftant brethren; and what \\iziinperionfricfsot that Church, which calls Ijerfclf the Mother and the Miftrefs of all Churches ; and what the procedures of the Inqui- ji:io--i ; which he who has * feen, has beheld a Of one who has been in the Inquifition, it might be faid, Tecnarias tiiamfauces, alto, oftia Ditit t Et caligantcm nigra formttiine lucum ntgrefios, Maneftjut aditt, Regcmque trcncndmn t Nefciaque huntanir prccibus w.anfuefcers corda. VIRG. Georg. IV. 467. This might ferve for a faint reprcfehtation. more SERMON. more formidable reprefentarion of die infernal regions, than even poetic fancy ever painted. It is to be hoped that oar love for our own Church has been rather increafed than diminlfbed, by the apprehenfions which we had, not long ago, of her fatting into the hands of her worft enemies. Our eyes then viewed her, as they purfue Ac mild and gentle light of the fetring fun : * we then began to onderftand her value, becaufe we men feared to icfe her. Shall I proceed to fpeak more particularly con- cerning the perfon now appointed to the Epifcopal on? Inclination draws that way, and words prefect themfelves unibught ; and it is a pleafure to otter them, when the heart and the tongue coh- fpire together, and Truth guides them both : But the Cenfbrious would pronounce it Flattery, and the Severe would call it injudicious Gratitude, It is better to be filent, than to be fufpe&ed of oftiing what is not fit for the one to give, and the other to receive. Shall we then rather fpeak in general of the difcreet choice which is made of peribns to preOde over us in Church and State ? Many would (ay that this was paying compliments to the Age, at the erpenfc of truth. It were no hard taik to confute than ; but, declining this, for feveral IJfe* reafons, j6a 5 E R M O N. reafons, I chufe rather to follow my text, and to give them an advice, of which I am fure they greatly ftand in need ; and that is, that they would be cautious not to run into the extreme, of under- valuing and reviling their teachers and governors. Say xof tkw, fays Solomon, What is the caufe that the former days were better than thefe ? For thoit dctji not inquire wifely concerning this. There is room to conjecture that Solomon fpake this feelingly, and for particular reafons. There were probably in his time pcrverfe men in Ifrael, who (hook their foolifh heads, and regretted the old days ; and obferved that the reign of his father David was preferable to his ; and that it was better with the nr.tion under Saul, than under the new family. Such judgments he condemns, as proceeding from malicious fpleen, and fenfelefs prejudice. To bring the matter home to ourfclves, One who were to confider the thing impartially, and found in him- iclf no difpofition to flatter, or to rail, or to repine, v.-ould probably be of opinion that the world goes an, as the fan Pnines, much as it did before we were born, and that we are no worfe than our progenitors : for as to public calamities, which human 'prudence cannot forefee, or, forefecing, cannot prevent, it is very unreafonable to lay them 10 the charge of the government ; and the civil Magistrate might juftly fay, as the king of Ifrael did, At: I God, to kill and to make alive? where- fore S E R M O v. 563 fare cnfJir, I prey jwr, al jet, baa tbey Jctk a quarrel agaixft me. * One thing, only, give me leave to add, for I can* not decently ftifle it, in favour of our own times ; namely, that Learning, learning, which has made a man pals for a Magician, for a Heretic, and for a Fool, and has been often obferved to be a fymp- toia of poverty, is no difquaiificarioa or impedi- ment, but rather a credit and a recommendation. It has ibme friends and favourers, even arnongft the great; and it has no enemy except Envy, * which pilfers and purloins a fhiail matter from an eftablifhed character; a moderate tax upon faperior abilities, and a lois which is fcarcely felt. It would be an unpardonable omiffion in one who has had a liberal education, not to lay boil of this occafion, and proceed to lay fomething ia behalf of Literature. We, who cannot reward it, ought at lead to recommend k to thofe who can; and exhort and admonifh them, that they would cherifh and protect it, even for their own fake. are naturally difpofed to feek and to value reputation; Reputation and praile area recompenie, :h our Saviour himfelf with his own iacred mouth conferred upon a generous action : fHxrf- fxver, lays be, this Goffel Jball be prtadoed in tre * ii Kings, \.T. &u I GI&, to Ml alt". m**e **.** fet mam tebfemdntmrni, to reaver * mm* tflis ~?^j? Sad die king Oar farcragn Skcwijie pcrtcnds oat t* an ttc lifr^ji and a good refer for all dot. ** 364 SERMON. Ccflriz', tic ere fiall alfo this, that tbis woman. bath dene, be told for a memorial of bs r. There is no furcr xvay for great men to obtain it, than by patronifing letters, arts, and fciences ; for thefe are always grateful, and both willing and able to tranfmit the names of their friends to the lateft generations. They who are not to be moved by thefe motives, may hope for reputation ; but they \vill reap as they fow; and never be* praifed, ex- cept by hangers-on of their own (lamp and capa- city, or by dedicators, whofe works ufually die before them, and who certainly will have no in- tereft with pofterity. Excluded, on one account or other, from every obvious topic, and fcarce knowing which way to turn, and how to proceed, I refblved to look back to times pad, and to recolledt, xvhat old annals and the voice of the public had formerly declared con- cerning worthy Prelates. This had a promifmg afpect, and feemed to open the way to modeft, in- cfTenfive, and inftructive defcription. Here alfo \vas a plentiful variety of materials, of every * Mny it happen to fnch, according to the prognoftic of the Greek Mofe ; fOKra ot xnciat.t, olt fsiiciuoij-vva. ct , Kofiraji' t>ricr. quality 5 E R M O X. 365* quality that conflitutes a great and a good man. Here were to be found diligence, patience, activity, candour, and integrity : here was religion without formality, liberality without oftentation, feriouf- nets without moroienefs, and cheerfuinefs \vithoue levity: here was gentlenels to others, zr.C; leverity : here was ufeful learning, and a love of thofe who loved and purfued it, and a care to confer favours upon thofe who deferved them : here was a contempt and diflike for detracting fy- cophants, and fawning parafkes : here was affability to inferiors: here were other bright v. endearing accompliftiments, which mall not be recounted ; for there is already reafon to fear that juftice has not been done to the dignity of the iubjech May the great Author of every good gift enable, us, each in our feverai (rations, to act an honeit and prudent part ; till we arrive at the manllons, where all earthly diftj ^afe, and give place to thofe which are made by pietv and virtue : where we ihall meet with innumerable beings, bette greater, and wifer than ov.rfelves ; -.vhere. a^ will be unhappy and di. ,- tl^.ere maybe room for pious Emulation, but not for Jealoufy and Envy ; and where all, h6\v different foever in glory, will be united by love, and charity, aud friendfliip, and gratitude, .. Jdceruion, and cflcci MISCELLANEOUS REMARKS SERMONS O P ARCHBISHOP TILLOTSON. From the APPENDIX to Dr. BIRCH'S Life of TILLOTSOK, Second Edition. Page 426. Number III. POLIO EDITION. VOL. I. SERMON XXXV. 1 HIS Sermon hath been attacked by Cavillers at home and abroad, and defended by LE CLERC, in the Bibliotheque Choifie. IBID. SERMON XXXVI. " The poet feigns of Achilles, that by fome charm, or gift of the Gods, he was invulnerable, except in the heel, &c. The wife poet intruding us, fcc."' This ON TILLOTSOX. 567 This is a (mall flip in our excellent author; for the Poet, *J* fxi>, is Homer 9 who hath laid nocking concerning this Fabk of Achilles. lair-. SIF.MOS Tillodbn printed theie Sermons on the DkxarV* vfCbrifi to vindicate himleif from the charge of Sorinianifm : that is, from an accusation entirely groucdlets. 1 have been told, that Crellius, a Socinhn, and a defcendant from the more cde- braced Crellius, who ufed, when he came over hither, to vifit the Archbiibop, and to cocverfe im, jiaiiSed him on this head; and declared that " lUlodbsi had often difputed with him, m a friendly way, upon die Ribjecl of the Triaky; and that b .e befit Kafbser, and had the xnoft to lay for himieif, of any acvedary he lisd ever encountered." But then, Tiliotfon had cisde ibme concefiiozis concerning the Socinians, which never -ere, and never will be forgiven him ; and haih broken on ancient and fundamental rule of theological con- troverfy; " Allow not an adVerfaryto have ertfccr common (enfe, or common honefty." Here is the obnoxious paflage : - " And yet, to do right tc " fide, I muft own, that generalr ::">.." _ :: . 368 REMARKS ON TILLOTSON. " ing matters of religion without heat and un- te feemly reflections upon their adverfaries. " They generally argue matters with that temper *' and gravity, and with that freedom from paf- " fion and tranfport, which becomes a ferious and " weighty argument ; and, for the moil part, *' they reafon clofely, and clearly, with extraor- " dinary guard and caution; with great dexterity *' and decency, and yet with fmartnefs and fub- " tilty enough ; with a very gentle heat, and few " hard words : virtues, to be praifed, wherever " they are found ; yea even in an enemy, and " very worthy our imitation. In a word, they (C are the flrongeft managers of a weak caufe, and " which is ill founded at the bottom, that perhaps " ever yet meddled with controverfy; infomuch, " that fome of the Proteftants, and the generality " of the Popifh writers, and even of the Jefuits " themfelves, who pretend to all the reafon and 61 fubtilty in the world, are in companion of them tl but mere fcolds and bunglers. Upon the whole " matter, they have but this one great defect, " that they want a good caufe, and truth on their -" fide; which if they had, they have reafon, and " wit, and temper enough to defend it." The thought, which is contained in the laft fcntence, refembles that of Quintilian, who fays of Seneca : " Multa probanda in co, multa etiam admiranda funt : eligcrc modo curs fit, quod 7 utinam REMARKS ON TILLOTSON. 369 v.tinam ipfe feciffet! Digna enim fuit ilia natura,qu2e meliora vellet, quse quod voluit effecit." And again, " Velles eum fuo ingenio dixifie, alieno judicio." Now, by way of contraft, behold the chara&er of the fame perfons, from the maflerly and im- partial hand of SOUTH : <{ The Socinians are impious blafphemers, whofe ff infamous pedigree runs back [from wretch to " wretch] in a direct line to the devil himfelf; and " who are filter to be crumed by the civil magiftrate, i( as deilruclive to government and fociety, than to " be confuted as merely heretics in religion." Such is the true agomjlic ftyle and intolerant Spirit ; fuch the courage of a champion, who challenges his adverfary, and then calls upon the conftabk to come and help him. An tibi Mavors Ventofa In lingua, pedibufquf fugacibus IJlis Stmper frit ? VOL. II. SERMON XVI. " Jofephus flattered Vefpafian fo far, as to make him believe, that he was the man fthe Meffias] ; and thereupon perfuaded him to deftroy the line of David, out of which the tradition was, that the Meffias fnould fpring, &c." Jofephus did not give this wicked advice. Our Prelate perhaps had in his thoughts what Eiifebius relates of Domitian, " that he ordered all the family of David to be deftroy ed ; and that fome B b of 370 REMARKS ON of our Lord's kinfmen were feized, and brought before him j and upon examination difmiffed, as poor and inconfiderable perfons. Afterwards, in the time of Trajan, fome heretics laid an in- formation againft Syrheon, the fon of Cleopas, as being of the family of David, and alfo a Chriftian : and, for this, Symeonwas put to death, when he was an hundred and twenty years old. But thefe very accufers of the Martyr were alfo convicted of be- longing to the royal tribe, diligent fearch being made at that time' for fuch perfons.*' Eufebius had thefe accounts from Hegefippus, and Hegefippus is far enough from infallibility. So the Stories reft upon his authority, fuch as it is. Eufeb. Evang. Hift. III. 19, 20, 32. IBID. SERMON LXX. " We muft be ferious in our inftructions : " to which nothing can be more contrary, than " to trifle with the word of God ; and to fpeak of " the weightieft matters in the world, the great " and everlafting concernments of the fouls of ' men, in fo flight and indecent a manner, as is " not only beneath the gravity of the pulpit, but " even of a well-regulated Jlage. Can anything " be more unfuitable, than to hear a Minifler of '' God, from this folemn place, to break Jefts <e upon Sin, and to quibble with the vices of the " age ? This is to {hoot without a bullet ; as if we " had no mind to do execution, but only to make *' men fmile at the mention of their fuults : This kfo -SKS OX TILLOTS05T. naufeoos a folly, sad of fo pernicious con- " (eqtaence to religion, dsat hardly any thing too can be (aid of it." This was undoubtedly defigned as a cenfure upon &*?, for feyingj " that there is vojbnc&g a foul out of its immortality, 1 * and a Hundred ::v-.i: ::" :'..= :".-- = '-::.:. IBID. SC2.MO3F iCIJI. The Being of God is ib comfortable, fo con- " Yenienr, Ib necefiuy to the teiicky of mankind, ' that (as Tully admirably (ays) Da aaKrtahs ** 4^ ir^fcy btnttnm fakrKOfi foe viJaMtmr : If God " were not a necefiary being ot kwb\ he might " almoft teem to be made on purpoie for the ufc " and benefit of MO." A '..-::.:- ::::':r.. ':.: ir.il". r.:: Lc -in;;- obferved, that Tiiiodbo, taking die vabfooritafi in a pafSve ieale, grotaiy mifunderftood Cicero; wEofe words are theie : ** Sunt a^t^itt alii philo- fophi, et hi qoidem magni atque nobiles, qui adminiftrari arque regi cecieant: neque vcro id :":'._.T.. :ej -:._- ib ::"i.- -. :- ;.;:.-_- :;.-:".; et prorideri : Nam, et fruges, et reiiqua qnac terra poiiat, et tempefiatjesy ac t0nponim Tarietates, Cje.:;-r in ii:.j~ci. 7_:r'j ?rr.r..i j '.us :;-.~ri g.r- nar, maiuma pubciciat, a Db irnmoitatibus tribui humane generi putant ; muhaque, qua: taiia iuar, ut e* ipfj Di iramortaks ad ufuen hofninum fabri- cati pcnc vidcantur. 7 ' De Xar. Deor. L. L z. -^ - 3 b 2 It 3/2 REMARKS ON TILLOTSON. It is certain that thefe words, as they ftand in Cicero, will not admit of the fenfe which Tillotfon gives them : but Tillotfon, in all probability, cited by memory, and without confulting the con- text i and put that meaning upon the words, which fecmed the moft reafonable and elegant : and, per- haps his good fenfe led him here to the true inter- pretation. Bohcrius, a learned French critic, un- derftood this paflage juft as Tillotfon has taken it ; and to accommodate the fentence to this purpofe, he propofed a flight emendation, which is approved by Davies. " Clarifs. Boherius legit, ut ET IPSI Dn immortales ad ufum hominum fabricati pene videantur. Audax fane videtur loquendi ratio; fedfenfus facit, ut ei conjedurse faveam." In favour of this conjecture arjd interpretation it may be obferved, that, according to the Pagan Theology, the Dii immortales are the fun, the moon, the ftars, the planets, and the earth, who furnifh .us with the comforts and conveniencies of life ; and, fo highly beneficial are they to mortal men, that, although they be Gods, yet they feem almoft to . have been nuide for the ufe of man. If you aik, " by whom were the Gods made?" the Pagan anfwer is, " by Nature, or by the Su- preme God ; who drew them out of chaos, and who is called by Ovid, Mnndl FM;-;cator" Han* Ddis, si melior litem Natnra diremlt : And REMARKS ON TILLOTSOX. Aftra t eiisnt ctekjk folum t formxq:t^ Dcorum. Ovid, Met. I. 73. IKa Deos onates 9 longum e/uimerare, creavif, Says Ovid, Fall. IV. 95. fpeaking of Venusr Cicero advanced fomewhat that was bold, and therefore qualified it with zpene vi&a VOL. III. SERMON CXL. " I know not what fome men may find in them- "felves; bur I nvjil freely acknowledge, that I " could never yet attain to that bold and hardy de- <: gree of faith, as to believe any thing for thi$ : " reafon becaufe it &as impojjtble. So that I am " very far from being of bis mind, that wanted, not " only more difficulties, but even imjxffibilities, in the " Chriftian religion, to exercifc his fiuth upon." The perfon whom Tjllotfon had in view, was the author of Religio Medici. But by impojfibitities, Sir Thomas Brown, as well as Tertullian, meant. fcemiKgy not real impoffibilities ; and what he fays (houlid be looked upon as a verbttm orders, a rhetori- cal flour iih, and a trial of ikill with Tertullian ; in \rhich however he had little chance to come off Inferior. Both of them were lively and ingenious ; but the African had a warmer complexion than the Briton, ' : Meihinks there be not impodibilities enough " in religion, for an active faith. I can anfwer all ** the objections of Satan and my rebellious reafon, B b 3 " with 374- REMARKS ON TILLOTSOK, " with that odd r-efolution I learned of Tertullian, " Certum eft, quia impqffibile eft. I am thankful that I " lived not in the days of miracles, &c." Rel. Med. Tillptfon, judging that the Papifts would make an ill ufe of this, and fcuh paflages as this, in Pro- iejiant writers, was willing to pafs a gentle animad- verfion upon it. Sir Kenelm Digby, a Roman Catholic, who criticifes feveral things in the Religio Medici, yet gives his loud approbation to thefe pious fallies. " I am extremely pleafed with him, when he faith, there are not impoflibilities enough in religion, for an active faith, Sec." Extremely pleafed, without queftion ; and full of hopes, that this young author might at laft unreafon himfelf into implicit belief-, and go over to a church, which would feed his hungry faith with a fufficient quantity ofimpodi- bilities. Tendimus in Latium ! Amongft many things, which may be mentioned in favour of Tillotfon, this mould not be for^ gotten; that of thole who have pafled their judg- ments upon him, there never was a fon of ab- / furdity who did not diflike, or a fenfible reader who did not approve his writings. If a perfon were to offer himfelf a candidate for honeft reputa- tion, what could he wilh and hope more, than to mare Tillotfon's fate i and to find the fame ceo* furcrs, REMARKS ON TILLOTSON. 375 furers, and the fame defenders? Yet it hath been laid of this great and good man, that his fpirits were in fome degree broken, and his health impair- ed, by the infults and calumnies of petulant adver- faries. If it be true, it is a melancholy inftance of human infirmity, and a proof that a little Stoiafm and Socrallfm is a defirable pofleffion. To forgive enemies, though difficult to many, was eafy to him, affifted as he was by good-nature, and by religion : but to defpife their attacks, was a tafk rather too hard for his gentle temper and fenfibility ; fo that, in this refpecl:, and under thefe difadvantages, he was not a match for men, who could neither blufh nor feeL ** A man's good name, fays he, is a tender thing; and a wound there finks deep into the fpirit even of a wife and good man : and the more inno- cent any man is in this kind, the more fenfible he is of this hard ufage ; becaule He never treats others fo, nor is he confcious to himfelf that he hath deferred it." VoL II. Serm. XLII. Every thing, "they fay, hath two handles. When Socrates was under fentence of death, Xanthippe took on bitterly; and refufing comfort, cried, " O, my hufband ! what grieves me moft is, that thefe ^kkedju^ts would treat an nnocait man thus, and -.emn thee unjuftly, and for nothing at all." " Wife !" (aid he, " why fhouki that grieve thee ? Hadil thou rather then, that they had condemned . SCRIPTURAL I 37* ] SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 1 HE reverence which the Jews had for their facred books, preferved thofe mod ancient of all records, and along with them the knowledge of the Hebrew language. But the Chriftians, who had the fame veneration for the OLD TESTAMENT, have contri- butedj more than the Jews themfelves, to fecure and to explain thofe books, as they had indeed more advantages and greater helps. The Chriftians in ancient times collected and preferved the Greek tierfions of thofe Scriptures, particularly that of the Septuagint, and tranflated the originals into Latin, They preferved copies of the works of Jofephus, which were little efteemed by the Jews but which help to confirm and explain the facred books, and caft a light upon the Jewilli hiftory: and Chriftian critics and commentators, fuch as Capel- lus, Bochart, Grotius, Le Clerc, Vitringa, and many others, have beyond meafure furpafled the 5 Jew i ib SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 377 Jewiih Doctors in illuftratiBg and defending the Holy Scriptures. The keys of learning are the learned languages, and a grammatical and critical {kill in them. We cannot at prefent want Greek commentaries * on the Scriptures, being lo plentiful j fupplied with nglih ones. It was the ftudy of the Scriptures which excited ChrifHans from early times to the ftudy of Cbronolegj {acred and fecular : and here much knowledge of bsftcrj, and fome Ikiil in ajtrcmmy, were needfoL The NEW TESTAMENT, being written in Greek, caufed Chriftians to apply themfelves alfo to the ftudy of that moft copious and beautiful language. Chriftianity, at firil, and for a confiderable rime, was violently op-poled and afiauhed by the Jews and Gentiles. But this Evil was compenfated by many Advantages : It was op poll lion which excited the Chriftians to juffify their own . eaufe, and to confute their adverlaries, the Jewifli Doctors, and the learned Gentiles ; to expo(e the abfurdiries of Jewifh tradirions, the weaknds of Paganum, and the imperfections and infuffickncy of Philofophy. * TTikk ms aotrannal learts, ikft fnm Or trutr lm yaionbrau MILT. PA*. LOST. L 30*. zbt add," and as fcon vtifenrf." the 378 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. For this purpofe Jewifh and Pagan literature were necefiary, and what we call Philology ', or Clamcal Erudition : and thus the Chriftians became in learn- ing fuperior to the Pagans; and, in point of flyle and competition, as good writers as they, both in Latin and in Greek. To the Gofpel then, and to thofe who embraced it, are due our grateful acknowledgements for the Learning that is at prefent in the world. The Infi- dels educated in Chriftian countries owe what Learn- ing they have to Chriftianity ; and ad the part of thofe Brutes, which, when they have fucked tbe dam, turn about, and, (as Plato lays to his difciple Ariftotle), 7roXax.Tj^o-y, Jlrike her. It is fit that we mould be fometimes put in mind of th'u, for we have been ftrangely apt to forget it. * As Religion hath been the chief prcfcrver of Erudition, fo erudition hath not been ungrateful to her patronefs, but hath contributed largely to the fupport of religion. The ufeful expeditions of the Scriptures, the fober and fenlible defences of revelation, the faithful reprefentation of pure and undefiled Chridianity ; thefe have been the works of learned, judicious, and indufhious men. The corruptions of the Gofpel, the perverfe interpreta- tions and abfurd fenfes put upon the word of God, * Some names, of great celebrity, might here be adduced : the judicious reader however can be at no lofs, eitlv.r to recollect, or to forgtt them. They have forgotten themfelves. been SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 379 both in matters of faith and of practice-, thefe have been the inventions of men, who had a finall (hare of learning, and a large fhare of knavery, or of fanaticifm : or of both blended together. Fanaticks are no friends to realbn and learning, and not without fome kind of plea ; Firft, becaufe they have ufually a flender " provifion of either: Secondly, becaufe a man hath no occafion to fpend his time and his pains in the ftudious way, who hath an inward illumination to guide him to truth, add to make fuch labour unneceflary. But, they who fay that human learning is of no life in religion, are no more to be difputed with* than the honeft man in Horace, Quife credebat miros audire tragsdos* In vacuo Ixlus ffffor plauforquc tbeatro. He who drives and expects to convince and alter fuch perfons, either undervalues his time and pains, or over-values his abilities. " Sola Scripturaruin ars eft," fays Jerome, " quam fibi omnes/paffirn. vendicant : hanc garrula anus, hanc delinis fenex, hanc fophifta verbofus, hanc univerfi prefumunr, lacerant, docent, antequam difcant." What would he fay, Siforet hoc ncjtrumfato dilatus in <e?um? * * See Dr. JortuTs firft charge to the Clergy of the Archdeaconry of London ; fubjoined to his lermons, Vol. VII. p. 353. and " DIS- COURSES ca the trxtb of the Cbriftlam reBgi**." P. 131. ILLUSTRATIONS, ( 3* ) ILLUSTRATIONS THE OLD TESTAMENT. JUDGES XI. 39. JEPHTHA'S daughter was devoted to God, and ta die fervice of the High-pried, and of the Taber- nacle. It is ftrange that any Commentators fhould have imagined that (he was facrificed. In like manner, the Locrians were obliged to fend yearly to the temple of Minerva, at Troy, two virgins ; who were to be flaves, and employed all their days in the dull office of fweeping and fprinkling the floor, to expiate the crime of Ajax. See Plutarch, Defera Numinis vindiEla-, or Bayle, CASSANDRE. Not. E. I. Sam. XXVI. 7. The ancient warriors ufed to flick their (pears upright in the ground, when they put them afidc. Thus we are here told that Saul lay Jleeping and bis fpear Jtuck in the ground, at his boljter. HOMER, SCRIFTITRJLL ILLUSTRATIONS. 381 HOMES, IL K. v. 153. Where Euflathius lays, *Irl Jl In T 1-rl t^tor tfS* VET^SMZA T vXc %eumi jf^im^ ILZ.2i 3 . 'Ejg^ D.r.134. APPOLLOKICTS,!!!. 1285. ^toxf terra, dcfx* tcEmre bofias, etfcmta rec&uxf. SESECA, PhoEoilf. 4- : 382 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. VAL. FLACCUS, IV. 283. fxaque filet Gradivus in baftd. Thefe fpears had two points-, one, with which they ftruc'k ; the other, perhaps blunter, called 2auwl;p, which they (luck into the ground. Some- times the <r*ufWp was a hollow and pointed iron, which was ftuck into the ground, and the fpear was put into it, as- a candle into a focket. RemuluSj.in Virgil, j3n. IX. 609. fays, Omne ovum ferro teritur, verfdque juvencum Terra fatigamuj baft a : " We always go armed; always have our fpear in our hand. In the battle we ftrike our foes with the Point j in the time of peace we drive our oxen with the JEn. XL 93. et verfis Arcades armis. That is, perhaps, " trailing their fpears, with the point behind, and the Zavpwljip before." PLUTARCH, dpopbtb. p. 183. And in p. 174. Memnon theRhodianchaftifes an infolent foldier, TJ AO^X? T*Vg: that is, flriking him with the o-aupanip. HERODOTUS, SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. HERODOTUS, I. 52. aw^ipa M :re Gronovius fays, >rc; ; et du<e ad laderidum, Xoj^ixt, qiue alioqui did Joint <ravttfa f , et mhaa&s." In L ;77. Caefar drives on the lag- ing foldiers with the o-av^jj*. Ferbere corfverf* ceffanles exdtaf baft*. Yet the v&vpnt feems to have been made fharp enough to fight with, fo that either end of the (pear might be employed in battle. POLYBICS fays, of the Romans: , r. TUP Lipfius explains the above, L.. III. de Milit. MB. and cites this paffage from an anonymous writer in'Suidas; K*S raT; IB, II. N. 147. rii rt xj l \ T rhere 384 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS* Where fee Euftathius. In II. SAM. II. 23. Abner fmote Afahel with tbf hinder end of his fpear*~ -that is, with the o-aupwr^, and ./fo^ him. II. SAM. XVIII. 32. " And the king faid unto Cufhi, Is the young man Abfalom fafe? and Cuihi anfvvered, The ene- mies of my lord the king, and all that rife againft thee, to do thee hurt, be as that young man is." Thus Cumi, obliquely, and flowly, and politely informs David of the death of his fon Abfalom. The fame remark is applicable to a parallel paffage in Ctefias thehiftorian, which is highly copunended by Demetrius Phalereus. " Ctefias, fay? he, may be truly called a Poet, as he defcribes perfpicuoufly, is full of imagery, and paints with lively colours. For example : Im- portant events ihould not be related in a direcl and hafty manner; but unfolded gradually, ib as to keep the hearer or reader in fufpenfe, and caufe him to fympathife with us. Thus Ctefias introduces the relation of the death of Cyrus : for the meflen- ger of thefe fad tidings to Paryfatis, the mother of Artaxerxes and Cyrus, doth not fay bluntly to her, " Cyrus is dead ;" which would be what we call the fpeech of a Scythian : but firfl tells her, i that SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. that Cyrus had conquered ; which gave her lure, mixed with anxiety. She then aiks him, " How fares fAnaxerxes] the king?" * The king, replies he, is fled" She, interrupting, %, tf Tiflaphernes bath brought this calamity upon him. But where is Cyrus at prefect ?" " He is, lays the meflenger, where it becometh brave men to be found." Thus, proceeding by flow fteps, he at laft, {carccly, and with reluctance, comes to the point: repreienting the meflenger as unwilling to perform the dHagreeable office ; acd fo describing the diftrds of the mother, as to make us partake of it." The learned reader will liie the original better man my reprdentarion. Here it is : lifta *n symtn aUm Mxnfmp* mppZm \ 9 rjr ~ m**r* c ^ -r r ac, jo4?*zwra jMijiii Tw KT^TU; VOL. I. C c 386 SCRIPTURAL ILLt/STRATIONS. fAeAij TO TOV TE ol'yytXov efS$mat axwr/wf aJ'J'EASi/la l^i/ <7u/*(>oav Iferodotum. Ed. Gronov. p. 692. So in Statius, 7*^. IX. 888. Tw ^w^ ^r/^ pa trepidam fufpende, diuquc Decipito, et tandem cum jam cogere fateri, Die, &c. 2 SAM. XXI. 20. A man that had on every hand fix fingers, and on every foot fix toes. " Digit! quibufdam in manibus feni. C. Horatii ex patricia gente rilias duas ob id f (digit as appel- latas accepimus, et Volcatium Sedigititm, illuftrem in poetica." Pliny, Lib. XI. . xcix. P. 638. " Si quis plures digitos habeat, five in manibus, five in pedibus, &c." Digcft. Lib. XXI. Tit. I. 10. where fee Gothofred. Navarette, in the preface to his account of China, fays that he faw a boy, who had fix fingers and fix toes. Prov. IV. 17. They drink the wine of violence. Seneca de Ira. I. 16. " Perbibifti nequitiam, et it a vifceribus immifcuiftf, a/ mft cum ipjis exire non poffit" 1 Prov. L ILLUSTRATIONS. 387 Prov. VL 6. Go to the ant, &c. Lewenhoeck fays that " Ants flccp all the winter, without eating. The food which they gather is for the nourifhaaent of their young ones." V. Bibl. Univ. XL p. 154. Prov. IX. 17. The harlot (ays to the paflenger, cc Stolen \raters are fweet, and bread eaten in (ecret is plealant." So Pindar (ays, (bmewhere ; Juvenal, XIII. 33. *4s bobcat vewa Tcisfeoojtobeafllpcx mencry: at leaft the qaqtatioB does r,fran a perulalcf Pindar. CV^p*"* A i "'"' i< M S Lib. m. Che* a verfc, \mjmfitm GemS&s: Dmlct f&fr&om an Faav. And diis CfmtOen uarimiblrrfly the writer towfaom Dr. Jortia B, ifTiMbr%s ** as abo^e, which is notdrwrd, bat doubted, he amily does 67, tet b iffl better: XSMIOKIC. Eid. Z. 76. mjimrr f ,' M it rfl tfnr ftfit rift [ Irirf r- -r 7 r Cci N;r..:r. 388 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. N6rnen/r// non folum tribuitur injufbe ufurpa- tioni alienarum facukaturn, fed etiam, a fortiori, alienarum mulierum. Adeoque folitum eft titulurn furti attribuere adukerio. Unde, quando lafciva hn?c foemina dixit, Aqu* fwrtiv* dulciores funt y &c. quid.tm hunc locum interpretatur, " Mulier adul- tera in aquis furtivis, et pane abfcondita, prohibita, et illicita concubia dulciora efle afleverat." Hoc fenfu TibuiUis, Eleg. II. 36. Ce Ian vult fua fur fa Venus* Virgilius, Georg. IV. 345. Curam Clymene narrabat inanem Vulcani, Martifque dolos> et dulcia furta. Ovidius, Met. II. 423. Hoc certe conjux fur turn mea nefcief, inquit. Philoftratus, in Epift. Non adeb mamfefla potejtas exhilarat, itt illicita ft arcana voluptas. Omne verb furtivum folet efle deleftabile. Sic etiam Neptunus, fub purpureo fluftu fubiit, et Jupiter, fub auro, aqua, bove, dracone, ac fub aliis integumentis latuit. Unde Bacchus et Apollo, tt Hercules exijlunt, ex adulterio nati Dii. Seneca, in Here. (Eteum, ver. 357. Illicita amantur ; excidit quidquid licet. Ovidius, SCRIFTtTRAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 389 Ovidius, Amor. Lib. in. Eleg. IV. 17, 25, 31. Nitimxr m vetitsm femper, Sic inter &3is immaut *gcr &<pds. $mdq*ti ferzetm; apnuu megs-, iffaqmefmrem I*4ig*crt fact ; jucaf numueffa whptas. PTOF. ZJLV11L 20. s< He that maketh haftc to be rich, (hall not be innocent. 1 * Menander, P. 106. 'Oolttf vxJutntK r*xfiK 9 Sauu* m. ffmmfum m *yuu drues evafit fit 9, LTim. VLo. " They that will be rich dl into temptation and a inane &c." JuvenaU Sat. XIV. 162. Nam ones pi fieri volt, Etd&TndtferL Sedyue reverextia legam? %*is metns a*t fnAfr ef mqmam frvferanfif ?v*ri? SOLOMOX'S SONG. n. 7 . ** I charge you, ye daughters of Jerusalem, that ye awake not my love, &c." C c 3 Euripides, SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. Euripides,, Oreft. 136. Xw/>m, /AJI Ifaiah, XXX. 33. " The pile thereof is fire and much wood: the breath of the Lord, like a ftream of brimflone, doth kindle it." Homer, 77. $. 522. aupuv v As"? a'i^Otxwoj*, OEWV Jt' i , cumfumus afcendens ad ccelum latum pervenit , Urbe ardente, Deorum autem eum ira excitaft DANIEL. The book of Daniel hath been attacked by Infi- dels, ancient and modern. It mufl never be given up by any Chriftian; for our Saviour cites Daniel's prophecies, and when he fo often calls himfelf the Sen of man, he plainly alludes to Daniel VII. 13> J 4- But, may it not be propofed, as a mere fpecu- lation, whether the book of the prophecies of Daniel doth not begin at the J. event h chapter - t and whether the fix foregoing, which are bijlorical, were not affixed SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 39! ainxed by fbme JevrUh writer, at fbme time, but not long, after the death of the prophet? Our Lord hath not cited any thing from them, nor alluded to any thino r contained in them. Indeed, the writer of the.epiftle to the Hebrews, XI. 33. fpeaktng of thofe who flopped the mouths of lions, and quenched the violence of fire, alludes to the ftories of Dand 9 Chap. VI. and of the three Chap. III. n. NEW TESTAMENT. THE writers of the New Teftament follow the {pelting of the LXX. in the name 'I^rvs. In all the New Teftament there is not one ex- ample of die D*al number. '** Ireoxus, Mo. tLer. c. 25. fays that the Apoftles always cite from the LXX. So fay other Fathers : but the contrary is frequent, and evident. MATTHEW, II. 16. " Slew all the children." It mould be, the malt children : rfc TJOK. Ver. 20. SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. . Ver. 20. Thefe wprds are taken from the LXX. Exod. IV. 19. Matt. V. 9, Theyjhall be called /* children of God. : they /hall be. Scott cites from Athe- wonder that Scott did not proceed to qbferve that Atheriasus took the expreflion frpm Homer, //. r. 138. Tw ${ xt Ver. 15. Menander hath o*av Mxw tdoourw. p. 26. and tifcotra are not only Ionic but /#//V forms of fpeaking, and occur perpetually in Attic writers, and in thofe who imitate them : which is remark- able, becaufe the Attic dialect loves contradtions, and ufually avoids every kind of di<frefis. Ver. 28. *' Whofoever looketh upon a woman, to luft after her, &c." , a mqrried woman, Matt. VI. 5. f They love to pray {landing, &c." . 5 foUnt:" they are accujlomed" Ver. SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 393 Ver. 16. Af*{>r Jftwrpamt. In the fame fecfc Jofephus fays of the frogs which God lent upon the Egyptians ; m ** **r lam mmvt fuvr*s ^$CH, a Afterwards he ufes the word in another fenfe : i$*nr* TW was fuddenl j removed." Matt. VIII. 20. Euripides, Andrem. Matt. IX. 38. " That he will fend forth labourers, Sec. So in the argument to Homer, B. B. xcXuw C . f> ;$ XL This pleonafm, or particular ufe of icems to be found only in the (acred writers. XL 30. Mj jtke is eajy. Plato, Epi/l. 8. lays the very fame diing: Matt. XIH. 13. So SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS So in Jifchylus, Pron. 446. Prometheus fays of mankind, before he inftrufted them : "Ot tr^tra, /ACV, Matt. XVII. 21. This /W 0?/ not out but by prayer andfafting : sv irfotrsu^ x) yjirft'a* A certain phyfician conje&ured lv wfw%s7 wr, ^X continual f aft ing; and a certain divine commended the conjecture. This is not expounding t but expojing the Scriptures. But, to confider the thing grammatically, I can excufe the Phyfician, who, I fuppofe, might be better acquainted with Hippocrates and Aretseus, Ionic writers, than with the Gofpel. I cannot excufe the Divine; who ought to have known, that in the New Teftament there are very few, if any inftances of mere Ionic refactions; and that the Evangelift, if he had ufed the word, would not have faid 7rpo<r%t*> but irfOG-t- ^r. Befides, the cxpreffion itfelf is aukward and ftrange; and I believe it would be hard to produce any example of it. I remember to have feen in Philo, writ O-UV^TJ. XXII. 37. Sent unto tbee. 'Aur^ for vtatttrm. So the Hebrews, and the Greeks. See Grotius, and Blackwall, p. 77. Menander, p. 22. Where SOUFTURAI. IU.U5TRATI015S. 595 reC^iubooandniUr^riisdi^toread, oj. However, the Gieeksufe *VTV Tlic Adrifis and Ac impcrfrd air c^tea joined with tfac prdent, and have ncarir the lame tecff wkh it; and i**tiftinifj6 mean a ayfam or caatnnuZscm of doing a riling. Thus, Homer, IL Z. 523. juSu*?, remsttis, or remtUnfUa aa AN. 298. HE. 148. Sec slfb J3L B. 480. O^C A. 353. T. 334- 396 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. MARK, IV. 39. He faid to the fea, Peace ; be Jlill. IT4>juo-e : A flrong metaphor. As if we fhould fay in Englifh, " Hold your tongue." The wind will fometimes ceafe on a fudden : but the fea will not be fmopth till fometime after. Therefore the miracle was moll evident, ' Mark, IX. 49. For every oncjhall be failed with fire. Ilaj y<x,f irvei Ai<2ii<rTai. I believe it Should be Ilaj ya.% ?rupivoj, or TU/WC. IJuptvo; is triticeus, with pro; underftood, or irupw. " For every cake, made of wheat, mail be faked, which is offered to God; and every facrifice, &c r " See Levit. II. 13. As to fatting with fire, nothing can be made of it.* Scaliger faw the fenfe of the place, but did not hjt upon the emendation. Kprov, >tj TfO.vra, tv laurw " Philemon Pyrnon vocari tradit fanem con fee- turn e tritico folido, et cujus minime furfur fecretum Jit, quicquid in grano fuit continentem" Athenseus, L.11I. p. 114. * See Parkhurft, under 'A>,J^W. Mark, TRAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 397 Mark, XIL 43. Socrates, pasrftu TW "U. Xenoph. Apx 1. 3. <c Socrates, qoom dc fecultaribus exigub cxigua fccra ficeret , nihi lo ie potat minus piagflaic, quam ii, qui dc multis et magnis opibus oiukas ac mag- Horace, Lib. III. Od. 23. 17. NexfmmptmoJ* tUmdur beJK* Md&it eoerfu fauus ctft&aUmuc*. So Ovid, de Ponto, HI. Eleg. IV. 79. very de- gaudy: Ut defrt vires* tame* cjt U*4amd* vc&atas: Hoc ego cemtenSis axgxrwr efe Deis. Bite foot, gtvemutpMtperjmtpfffrfSms mm mima *g*m tm. Mark, XIV. 37, &c. " Simon flecpeft thou? again he fuukth tbem fleeping. * Then cimc Judas, &c." Bonce, SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS* Horace, Lib* I. Epift. II. Ut jugultnt homines, furgunt de noRe latrones } Ut te ipfttm ferves t non expergifceris ? LUKE. Some are of opinion that St. Luke's Gofpel was written the firft of the four. Chap. II. 33. <e *Hy is put for >j<rv, by a fynccpe of the Boeotians. Thus Hefio'd, hhnfelf a Boeotian, ufes it : T^ ^' ? r^ x$aAai. J * Blackwell, p. 90. So fays Guietus alfo on Hefiod. But this is by nd means certain. v Hv in Hefiod may be the third perfon fingular, which fornetimes agrees with plural nominatives of all genders. So Hefiod, eoy. 825. 'Hv sxaTcii y.<paXat o^t*, otiwo If thus we take w in St. Luke, the expreffion will not be harfher than thefe; "Eov oTiVj rp^so-i. 'Owe - (ru/x.7ro(rjaj/ See NwveBt Methode, p. 411. The fame may be fcid of Matt. XXVII. 61. Luke, SCRIPTLTIAL ILLUSTRATIONS. Luke, XL 3. Da&j lread\ Irtsriw. *H rtwrjt is the morrow: as in Euripides, * V*r K$ 0sv, is luxpoftera. Med. 352. ITIXTIOS is " Bread, which may fuffice from today till to- morrow; from the fixth, ninth, twelfth hourof the prefentday, to thefame hour of the next:* that is, food for twenty-four hours, for one day. This expofition therefore doth not difagree widi our Saviour's precept, to " take no thought for ' the morrow :" and it is, I think, the bell of aay which have been offered. Jerome, on Matt. VL n. fays, " In evangelio, quod appellatur, fecundum Hebrseos, proyir^iT/i^- Jlantiali pane, reperi inc, macbar* quod diciiur craftiwm : ut fit fenfus, pattern neftrum crcfliKMm (id eft,/*/Krirr,) da nobis bodie" Other ancient verfions ufe words, which anfwsr to crajtiiuts 9 orfutttrus. XIII. 29. From the nertb. Bcp^T: which is the Doric dialect " XIV. 13. Wbatboumakejlefeajt, taHtbepotr, &c. Pkto, Pb*dr. p. 233. Pliny, SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. Pliny, Lib. IX. Epift. 30. ad Geminium. " Volo enim eum, qui fit verc liberalis, tribuerc patrize, propinquis, adfinibus, amicis, fed ami- cis dico pauperibus: non ut ifti, qui iis potiflimuni donant, qui donare maxime poflunt. Hos ego vifcatis hamatifque muneribus, non fua promere puto, fed aliena corripere. Sunt ingenio fimili, qui quod huic donant, auferunt illi ; famamque liberalitatis avaritia petunt, &c.'* The world is feldom found averfe to give, where giving is convertible into gain. Martial, Lib. VI. Epigr. LXIII. 5. Munera magnet tamen mi/it, fed mijit in bamo : Et pf cat or em pifcis atnare poteft ? Luke XIV. 15. *0f Qet'ytTou. Qui manducabit. " Potefl accipi, qui manducat, &c." Erafmus. " Erafmus was deceived, when he denieth <p3/- p*i to be ufed in the future ; and in the fame place he holdeth that (paj/e^*, rV*> he prefent, not future; whereas they are future only, and not prefent." Laur. Humphrey. See Strype's Life of Parker, Append, p. 142. Ver. 23. Compel tbem : SCfclPTITRAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 401 ) a word rather ftronger than tuay*tig*&ju, is thus ufcd, in the moral fenfe of Compulsion, twice by Jofephus, at the beginning of his Antiquities. XXIII. 15. Nothing wortbj of deatb it done unto him. The old interpreters agree with our translation, and Grotius and Whitby approve that fenfe. Yet it Ihould feem more natural to render it, "I have found no fault, and behold (in the opinion of He- rod alfo) nothing worthy of death hath been done ly tnm :" *E$-1 xtr/vx^um oara. XXIV. II. *U$Znrx* -r faara. It is a general rule, that neuters plural govern verbs Singular. But there are exceptions, as in this paflage before us; Mat. VI. 26. X. 21. Mark V. 13. XIII. 12. John X. 8. Revel. XXI. 4. Genefis XLVIII. 6. in the LXX. and Zechariah XIII. 7. in the Alexandrian MS. of the LXX. So in Homer, fl. T. 29. XXIV. 18. Art tbou only a fr anger, &c. Thus Cicero, pro Milone, 12. An vosfoK ignoratis, vos kofpites in hoc urbe verfa- mni ? "jfftr* peregrinantur aurcs, neque in hoc ftroa- gato cii-itatis fermone verfamtur .* VOL. I. D d JOHN 402 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. JOHN I. T. tfbe word was God. 0^? %v o Ao'yo;. It is difficult to tranflate this, becaufe our lan- guage doth not diftinguifli between ?, and o sc?. Thedifferencebetween then! is obferved by Origen, Clemens Alexandrinus, and others. This text Julian had in view, when he faid, " Neither Paul, nor Matthew,'nor Luke, nor Mark prefu.med to call Chrift God ; but only honeft JoHN." Tci/ yy.^ 'iwzv XT* IlauAo; lro\pr,<Tfv lilfM tv, Jfrf MotT$auo(j STE Aaxaj, sre Manxes, aXX* o XP" r ^ 'Wvnif. This fliews the injudicioufnefs of thofe Socinians, who would change the place, and read, w o ?voj/o;. Ver. 3. All things were made by him. K KVTX. That }** denotes not the firft, but the fecond and fubordinate caufe, is the obfervation of Ori- gen, Eufebius, and others. Ver. 1 6. Xa'^jv ayn ^a'^To?. "So Theognis yr' di/iuv *y/^;. Calamities ufon calamities-" lays Blackwell, p. 27. He miftakcs Theognis, in whom VT means in/lead of. There is in the words of that poet an unexpected turn, which the Greeks call gg a SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 403 &KVTV, and a fort of witticifin, " O, Jupiter, fays he, thou haft given me evils enow : give me fonie good, by way of compenfauon. D> not beftow upon me, im Hat if Ibnows fonows again." a Zev tbssi* p*. 'OA^cre xmtftff ^w, A*5 j /CM flori JUKBwr J^ T z-aSor efaAit. Tcfcw / ! pir xax^ jytreytz p^c/o^ Theogn. Ver. 341. JOHN I. Ver. 4. At a certain feafnt. Kara xoupoi. That is, once tyear, fays Tertullian, p. 258. XVI. 13. He, tbe Jpirit of truth. *EzsW; ri *EXWK (hews that Ibevoa is a perfon, not .- and die confbruoion is like that, which the grammarians call x*ra T r^uu^eM, of which many writers have given many examples. I (hall produce a few, which 1 have not borrowed from the remarks of others: Jofephus, I. p. 137- Ed. Haverc. Mfra^ Jl anZs laA<M oo, ! s r yrcr D d 2 " lirfrr 404 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. tf Inter Lycbnucbum autem et menfam, interim, poftta fiabat ara fuffitus y e ligno quidem, unde et prior a faff a Junt inftrt^menta" SU'AJVOV, l . The relative * agrees not with U'A- vw: how can it? but with uAov, which is under- ftood. Cocceius here for gfawv would read V'AW, which is not at all neceffary. Hefiod, Ao-zir. 115. agrees with 'HpaxAris underftood. So Ovid, Fafi. IV. 799. An magis bunc morem pietas Mne'ia fecit, Innocuum vifto cut dedit ignis iter? Where I would not advife any one to be tempted to read Innocuum vi&or cut dedit ignis iter ; though it may look plaufible. Horace, Serm. II. i. 72. Virtus Scipiad< et mitis fapientia L<sli Nugari cum illo-*- foliti. JOHN XX. 28. ) o Erafmus SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 405 Erafmus fays, " Thomas, ubi vidiffet, et con- treffa/et, Sec." But it appears not from the words of St. John, that Thomas accepted the offer made to him by our Lord, and bandied his body. It feems moft probable that he did net. ACTS, XII. 19. Herod commanded the keepers avagSisKu, to be put to death. Erafmus, in his New Teftament, doubts whether they were put to death, or only fent to prifon. In his Paraphrafe, he affirms that they were only imprifontdt and that they efcaped Herod's rage. Some learned men are of the contrary opinion. ACTS, XIX. 35. " Cum fcriba filentium impetr^flet dixit Alexander: Yiri, &c." ERASMUS. The word Alexander mould be ftruck out ; for it was not Alexander, but the Town-clerk, who fpake to the people. ACTS, XX. 13. " Per terram iter fa&unis." On which Erafmus obferves, " Pfdeftri itinere I'fnturus, five pcdibus D d 3 iur 406 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. iter fa&urus. Interpres vitafle videtur ne quis Paulum exiftimaret, non equis aut vehiculis, fed pedibus eo venifle. Atqui hoc ipfum accedebat ad Pauli gloriam, quod mallet iter laboriofius modo majore cum frudtu." The old interpreter tranflated it right. In our verfion it is to go afoot : It mould be, to go by land. Htfrijiiv means to go by land ; whether on foot, or on horfeback, or in a waggon, it matters not. Cicero, ad Atticum. Epift. X. 4. " Me tamen confilio juya, pedibufnc Rhegium, an hinc ftatim in navem." Where fee Graving. ROM. XIII. 3. Riders are not a terror to good works, &c. Menander, p. 132. I. COR. V. 5. To deliver fucb an one to Satan. Hammond mentions the difeafes and torments which they endured, who were delivered to Satan; and adds, that there was fomething like this amongft the Effenes, according to the relation given by Jofephus. To this Le Clerc replies, " What Jofephus relates concerning the Eflenes may be underftood to mean that the excommunicated EiTcne died of grief, ILLUSTRATIONS. 407 grief, and not by the mxraccJous eHeS: of the excommunication : although, if Jofpfaa had be- lieved this miracle, nothing would oblige ms so give him credit."' Now it is evident, that neither of theie commen- tators had confuhed Jofephnts with any attention. It appears from his relation of the affair, that thefc excommunicated perfons died neither of grief, nor of diftempers praecernaturally inflicled ; bar fneirly for want of food, and were (burred to death, becaufc they did not dare to break the fo-ema ooia which they had taken, mat to eat vwtk ether people. fu ejUmmti ifqme ad ccmtagit e C&SM ef,ui y mum rer matrm Mt msfernmamf. ^cm ]vreas&B3:s ft rstiims flSgttui, mi*em pa&ms cfds mts fetefijfl'&m bersf&s ceme&t, cerpsujame tabefut* mtyu it* tmUril. Belt Jud. II. in. VI. ii. Teerewtfrtl. : " ye have warned yourieires. A aaEcd. B52L TaL I. p. ito. D d 4 L COR. 408 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. I. COR. XII. 21. And the eye cannot fay to the hand, I have no need of tbee. Seneca, de Ira, II. 31. " Quid fi nocere velint manus pedibus ? manibus oculi ? ut omnia inter fe membra confentiunt, quia fingula fervari totius intereft; ita homines fmgulis parcent, quia ad coelum geniti fumus. Salva autem efle focietas nifi amore et cuftodia partium non poteft." Ver. 2 6. Whether one member fuffer, &c. One would almoft think that St. Paul had in his mind the words of Plato ; who fays, TTS r,|uwv jaxTuAo; TV TtXifyYi, 7rot(r<x, j xotvuvfa, n 7rei"5<ravTos oArj. Z)^ Repub. V. 462. I. COR. XV. 32. L<?/ j ftf/ and drink, &c. Philemon, p. 362. J Ej "yoip A'xatos KowrtSii? ^8<rjt ?v, 'Apra^' ctTrtXQuv, xAtTrT aTTOfipsj, xJxa, &C. But St. Paul doth not carry it fo far. He fays, " Let us enjoy ourfelves:" he fays not, " Let us be rafcals." GALAT. V. 12. cut off. Inflead Tnftrad of making remarks on FrafmiiJt aiv^ other Commentators, I (hall only obferre in three woods, that **w\mU* may be taken in the fenfe: Utsmam k etifm abjddcrnt* " I wtth thefe dratmdfers would alfb / ytfc*/ pclr cffrom your coojmuDJon ; and leave the Chriftian Church, where they do more harm than good to themfelTes, and to others. 9 A learned friend (hewed me the fime interpreta- tion, proposed in fbme foreign joumaL yaier Ac hcai IXIIICATIOX, daes Gcotp. IL 32. :.:...,:. :.. 410 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. J. TIM. I. 6. On this text Erafmus gives an excellent fpe- cimen of the queftions agitated and determined by the fchoolmen. " Invanikqu'mm. Quantum ad pronunciationem attinet, Maixologia non multum abeft a Theolo- gia, &c." SeelLife of Erafmus', Vol. II. p. 218. Such is the ' fcholajlic theology ; and fuch are the fchool-men, whom Erafmus held in contempt ; ' Idem eft ae fi dixiflet Apoftolus, Vellcmvt ettam OOLORIS ALIQ.UID JATERENTUR ut FLERENT. Vera enim ra x.oTrrtySat fignificatio eft Jeipfum free dolore vcrberare fa/ma tundcre. Optime Hcfychius : 'AwoxoTn?- ca.pim t rE^oxo7r!7/ixE>y/, airoxo^a^itvrj. Similiter Euripides,! ROAD. 623. Hue redeunt ilia Horatiana, quonim prius a Fault locutione non longe Aftat. II. Sat. I. 45. $ui me commorit (melius non tangereclamo) FLEBIT. Vid. etiam ver. 69. EC ha alii. Sed hare hadlenus. Nunc ad locum Virgilii, unde egreflus fum, redeo. Sic igitur mihi videtur legendus: Etfffi alteriu s ramos SE imfune vidimus VERT ERE m alterius. - Idem frtmoaten certiflime excidit ab ^En. II. 235. Accingunt omnes open, Lege Accingitnt SE. Ut przeteream TEn. I. 210, ubi habemus ///'/' SB frttdte ACCINGUNT, quis nefcit voces accingi, armari, et fimilia, fepius ab optimis fcriptoribus ufurpari in media voc'u fignificatione; ut TO cTrfaQfftieu Grzcorum ? Vid. Tibull. IV. i. I79 . Eft equidem ubi media -vex invenitur, fine fronimiae : ut, Lucret. II. 1041. Ji ttbt "jera -viJeiur, Dede mar.us. ; out, Jifalja eft, ACCINCERE contra, but SCMPTIFfcAL ILLUSTRATIONS. bat who ftfll hive their friends and admirers. For it is not to be expected that myftical or coe- taph yfical jargon fhou!d ever go quote oat of fa- fluoo. It is a trade, which a man may let op at a. fiall expence. JIL 16. I.,. ;: , ,.-;-.. - ** Iffihi fobokt Dam addition fbific adrcrfos keictkos Arianos, &c." Erefmxs. The true reading (cans to be, &c. Uyvd:" That which was &C." IL TIM. IV. 16. , fa eU aa farfa* Strong as the expreffion is, jet k may pcilupa mean, " Very few flood with me." For it k a ^yni way of (peaking, and of die figurative kind. Thus AndfoJa^lIL 32. No mam nxeaxtb Ks iff tommy z that is. ** Few there are who receive Hzz. 412 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS, HEB. XI. 37. *Ev pjXulai;, &c. In fiecp-Jkins. A French Dominican, who hath written a book on the antiquities of the mono/lie ftate, hath made fome remarks on the note of Erafmus upon this verfe. He obferves, that <f a badger is called melcs, or melis, and fometimcs taxus by Latin writers :" But the word taxus y in this fenfe, feems to be of re- cent date. See Harduin's Pliny, I, 462, and M. Erudit. XXI. 73. II. PETER, I. 16, 19, " We were eye-witneffes of his Majefty. For " he received from God the Father honour and * t glory, when there came fuch a voice to him * c from the excellent glory, 'This is my beloved te Son, in whom I am well pleafed. And this voice " which came from heaven we heard, when we " were with him in the Holy Mount, We have * e alfo a more fur e word of Prophecy " Kan i %o[ji.sv CsSaio/f pov 7ov Trpofy'nliKOv Ao)^o. And we have the prophetic word more confirmed* This teftimony God gave to his Son twice : Once at his baptifm (Matt. III. 13. Mark I. n. Luke SCRIPTURAL ItttTST RATIONS. Luke III. 22.) and once again at his transfigur- ation : This is my Moved &, in wkom I am -zcdl pluJM: btarjebim. Matt. XVtt. 5. Mark IX. 7. Luke IX. 35. Sc Peter probably alludes to both thefe tefK- moaics; but certainly, and more particularly, to the latter ; for he was prefent, and beard it. What is die fnpbetk fTord'm St. Peter ? I %, k means in general every prophecy in the Old Teflament relating to Chrift, but more peculi- arly thefe three prophecies : L ff Behold my Servant, whom I uphold; mine Eled:, in whom my foul deUghteth. I have put my fpirit upon him, &c." Uaiah, XLIL i. St. Matthew cites it thus, XII. iS. " Behold my Servant, whom I have chofen ; my Beloved, in whom, my foul is well plcafed." II. " The Lord God will raife up unto thee a Prophet, . Uke unto, me : Unto him fhall ye hearken." Deut, XVIII. 15. HI. " The Lord hath (aid unto me, Thou act my Son; this day have I begotten thee.'* PfalnxIL.7. This 414 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS; This is the irpo^xof AO^OJ, tbe prophetic which, according to St. Peter, was not clear be- fore the coming of Chrift, becaufe before his coming it was not known who the .perfon was, of whom it was fpoken ; but which was fully con- firmed, and applied to Chrift by the heavenly voice: So that there was no room left to doubt of its ap- plication and accompliftiment. I. JOHN, V. 7. Tpj flriv 01 /AapIupsvTfy Iv TW Jpavw, o IIa7|>, o xai TO aywv IL/fuua. xai *TO ot rpiiV This text of /^^ /^r^ wltmffes In Heaven, was omitted by Erafmus in his firft and fecond edi- tion ; but inferted afterwards, upon the authority of one MS, which is called by him Codex Britan- nkus. But Erafmus fufpected that this MS had been accommodated by the tranfcriber to the La- tin verfion. This Codex Britannicus, which is the Codex Mont- fortii, and the Manufcript of Diiblin, hath the paf- fage in the following manner; as I have tran- fcribed it from a manufcript letter of John Ycard, Dean of Killala, written Auguft 5, 1720, to the Bilhop of Meath, and fent by the Bifliop to Dr. S. Clarke. SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS. 415 5. Clarke. It is in the hands of Mr. E:nlyn.* [Ver. 6, 7, 8, 9.] fT"* T a TH w, f Kai 3w i TK , o r. Kl Tr; !* o* arnoavT a Concerning this contefted paflkge, fee Erafmus, nd Wetftein on the place ; and Wetft. Prolegom. p. 52, 182. T. Emlyn's works, VoL U. Two Letters of Sir I. Newton, printed in 1754. Le Clerc's Bibl. A. and M. XVIII. p. 404. and Mr. De Mifly's Remarks on Dr. Mary's Journal, Tom. VIII. 194. Torn. IX. 66. Tom. XV. 148- Simon, in his Dijprt. frit, fur Zfj .MW. dm N. T. hath confuted the filly arguments of Ar- nauld in defence of this text. This Arnauld had the good luck to be cried up by a party, and to be efteemed far beyond his literary merits, as is ufual on fuch occafions. * Tike* fmn Dt. JOTI*'* life of Enfiw, fMi**. im. 1760. VL IL p. z>6. 7 Mactairc, 416 SCRIPTURAL ILLUSTRATIONS, Mattaire in his Annal. Typ. hath alfo defended this text ; but he fays nothing that deferves the leaft notice or regard. Longereu compofed a differtation, to fhew that this paflage is fpurious. Whether he publiihed it I know not. STRICTURES ( 417 ) STRICTURES ARTICLES, SUBSCRIPTIONS, TESTS, &c. SUBSCRIPTION to the Articles, Laturgy, &c. in a rigid fenfe, is a confent to them all in gene- ral, and to every propofition contained in them ; according to the intention of the compilers, when that can be known ; and according to the ob- vious, natural, ufual fignification of the words. Subfcription, in a fecond fenfe, is a confent to them in a meaning, which is not always confid- ent with the intention of the compilers, nor with the more ufuai fignification of the words ; bat is VOL. I. Ee confident 418 STRICTURES ON THE confiftent with thofe paflages of Scripture which the compilers had in view. Subfcription, in a third fenfe, is an aflent to- them, as to articles of peace and uniformity ; by which we fo far fubmit to them, as not to raife difturbances about them, and fet the people ^'againft them. Subfcription, in a fourth fenfe, is an aflent to them, as far as they are confiftent with the Scrip- tures, and with themfelves ; and no farther. In favour of fubfcribing in a laxer fenfe, the following reafons have been alledged : 1. Our church admits perfons to baptifm, upon an aflent to the Apoftle's Creed ; and ufeth only that Creed in the Catechifm, and in the Vifitation of the Sick. 2. She declares that the Scripture is the only Rule of Faith. 3. She owns herfelf to be fallible. 4. Some illuftrious divines of our communion have made declarations, which neceflarily imply a diflike of certain things contained in the Liturgy, or Articles ; and yet never were cenfurcd for it, i by 'ARTICLES, sTrascaiPTiosis, &c. 419 br pobiic auilnKkj : as Chiilmgwcrth, Hda, Taylor, Hammond, Tillodbn, Soltiagflcet, : ;.;.. ..-.:.;. j. TDOC are propofioons contained m our Utorgy and Ankles, winch no man of common. lenfc amongst us believes. No one believes that all die members of the Greek church are tfamimfo becaoie they admit not the procemon of the Hoi y Ghoftfiom the Son: Yet the A? hanafian Cngd, according co the ufoal and obvious feale of the voids, trachcdi this. No one believes ob%<edtokeepthe<e&Day: fiii&ly nuerprKed, IBOJLHSICS i* 6. It is evident, beyond a dodbt, that the whole body of the Ckrgj, and of the kane Laity, depait, feme more, iome Ids, firom the retigjioos opinions of their anceftors in the days when die Articles were efesbHiifhed by Jaw, and firom die rigid and literal ienle of them. This imiverial coofeot of a nation, to deviate thus in iome points from the old do&rines, anioiots tt> an abrogadcjn of fbch rigid ii3teirpratioos of dse Artkles , sad to a perciijon of a bicbade i If we will not allow thos moch, we WK&. (up- pole that in an age, sad an age not perhaps the moft learned, an Aflembry of fallible men may E e a 420 STRICTURES ON THE determine concerning all points of faith and prac- tice for themfelves, and for their heirs ; and en- tail bondage and darknefs, worfe than ./Egyptian, upon their pofterity for ever and ever. They who fubfcribe in a loofer fenfe, would be obliged to declare it, if any perfon had 'a right to- demand it, and to judge of it. But, fmce no fuch authority is veiled in any perfon, it would be to no purpofe to fay in what fenfe we receive the Ar- ticles. It would only give an handle to fome op- preffors to ufe a power, which they could not exercife without great iniquity ; fmce they them- felves either took fome latitude in interpreting the Articles, when they fubfcribed to them ; or fwallowed them with an implicit faith, and with- out any clear notions about them. Subfcriptions and Tefts are fuppofed to be ad- mirable methods to keep out the heterodox. But what faid the philofopher to the jealous hulband ? " Thou mayeft bar thy windows, and lock thy doors ; but a cat and a whoremafter will find the way in." \^ . Antemti aut wdigenti difficile eft n&il. Hooker ARTICLES, SITBSCHfrTIONS, &C. Hooker is of opinion, -" That cawil goTcra- mcnt arifeth from compact and confeat, and is of human inftkution ; that arbitrary empire is good for nodiing j and he wefl observes, that To Eve ly OK mats sri3, a the amjc of ail mats mi/aj." B. L p. 21. Bat, when he talks of theutflky of Gttrrtl Com- ab, he (eems not to be TbeJuEdoms Hooker. la deputing widi the madcks of his own time, he is TCTT rational and fkilful : but as to antient Ec- defiaftical Hiflory, he had a ibperficial notion of it. and mas not emancipated from the commoa prejudices of his times. What can you expofik from General Coundb ? As to Articles of faith, we want no general or narinnal council to tell os, that our Lord is the Chrift, the only-begotten Son of God ; and that we ought to acquaint ourfekes with his Gofpd, and to lire foberly , lighieoufly, and godly ; ex- pecting a reiurredioa, and a future judgmenr. As to matters of ^ja^m, there are in all Chriftian nations ecclehailical courts, furniihed with as much jurilojcbon as is necefikry, and with more than is ufuaUy employed to any good purpofe. I e ; 422 STRICTURES ON THE The Bifhops and Divines of the Council of Trent were greatly perplexed and divided in their fentiments concerning Original Sin and Jufti- fication : yet none of them had the fenfe, or the cpurage, to draw the manifeft inference ; f( That fuch points fhould be left undecided, and^every Chriftian at liberty to form his own judgment about them." The myfterious and incomprehenfible nature of / Divine Prefcience, as it is declared to be in the Holy Scriptures, affords us a convincing proof of human liberty, or free agency. For, if man were doomed and predeftinated by God's eternal De- crees, and impelled by a fatal neceflity to good or evil, there would be nothing fo utterly incon- ceivable in this Fore-knowledge. Far from it : If God hath fixed the future behaviour of men, and tied it with an adamantine chain, which nothing can pull afunder, it is eafy to conceive that he muft know his own^appointments ; even as a 'ikilful artift, when heKath^made a movement, and fet it a going, knows how it -will work, and when it will flop. It is our free choice, our li- berty of acting, which creates the difficulty to our conception, and makes the divine forefight unfa- thomable by the human underilanding. The ARTICLES, SUBSCRIPTIONS, &C. 423 The Church of Eagland makes no Articles of Faith, but fjch as have the teftimony of the whole Chriftian world : In other things flie re- quires Subfcription to them, nofas Articles of Faith, but as inferior truths, to which fhe expects a fub- mrflion, in order to her peace and tranquillity. So the late learned Lord Primate of Ireland (Bramhall) ofcea expreficth the fenfe of the Church of England, as "to her Thirty-nine Arti- cles. " Neither doth the Church of England,*' faith he, f< define any of thefe qiielrjons, as ne- " cefTary to be believed, either necejptatc medii, or " nccfjptatc pr<fcepti, which is much lefs; but ce only bindeth her Tons, for peace fake, not to " oppofe them," And in other places, more fully: " We do not fuffer any man to reject the lf Thirty-nine Articles at his pleafure; yet nei- " ther do we look upon them as effentials of (av- " ing faith, or legacies of Chrifl and his Apof- " ties; but, in a Mean, as pious opinions, fitted (C for the prefervation of unity. Neither do we " oblige any man to believe them, but only not " to contradict them." See STILLINGFLEET, Grounds of Proteflant Religion. Vol. IV. p. 53. e 4 424 STRICTURES ON THE " It is a fad thing, fays Biftiop Bull, to fee " an ignorant Mechanick prefer his own fmall " wifdom before the wifdom of the whole Church f wherein he lives ; and dare to tax the moft de- " liberate and advifed fancYions and conftitutions " of the learned and holy Fathers of it of impru- " dence and folly." Serm. V. Vol. I. p. 213. A Proteftant Divine fhould take care how he handles this fubject. A Biihop of the RomiJJ) Church would have faid the fame thing of a re- formed mechanick, who fhould have prefumed to flight the Decrees of Popes and Councils. This terminates at laft in the doctrine of implicit faith, and blind obedience. Tendimus in Latium. What St. Paul and other Apoflles pronounce againft the kereticks of their time, is not to be applied to all thofe, who in thefe later ages err in matters of faith. They neither defpife the Apoflles, nor reject the Gofpel : nor do they ufually feem to be feduced from the right way by views of honour or of profit. Many of them might fay to the church, as ^Eneas to Dido, Invitus, regina, tup de lit tore cejfi* Dr. ARTICLES, SUBSCRIPTIONS, &C. 425 ysi- c f^. v ' : Dr. Wateriand, m one of his books of Con- troverfy, diofe for his motto, from ACTS IX. 5. cc T Sf /* r 2 am jfjuSy Wlvm tvom To which his antagonift replied, from I. PET, II. 23. bcw*s rtuM, revfrj* qai*." There is a propofition contained in our Arti- cles, which I do not remember to have ieen dil- cufled by any writer upon that fubject ; which, I believe, few of the Subfcribers ever examined ; but which, I think, every one may fafely receive with implicit faith. It is this : < tl The Churches of Hierufalem t Alexandria, find Antiocb, have erred." AJLT. XLX* Dr. Cpurayer defended the regularity and va- lidity of our OrdinafiMis ; and we are obliged to him 426 STRICTURES ON THE him for doing us juftice in that point.* But, af- ter all, it is a queftion of no importance \ for the confent of a Chriftian nation makes all ads of that kind good and valid. Barrow, in his Opufeula, endeavours to mol- lify the damnatory claufes in the Athanafian Creed. He fays that " they condemn only thofe, who, againft the conviction of their own con- fcience, reject the doctrine of the Trinity laid down in that Creed." I am glad to hear it ; for no perfon, I believe, can eafily be guilty of fuch a fault. * Of this celebrated and excellent man, concerning whom too much can hardly be faid by the friends of that moderation, cha- rity? good temper, and found learning, for which he was re- markable } See what is faid in the " Anecdotes of Bowyer," p. 83, 544; and ." The Epiflolary Correfpondence, &c. of Bifliop Atterbury," published by Mr. Nichols, 1787, Vol. IV. p. 103. He died October 17, 1776, after two days' illnefs, at the great age of 95, The writer of this note perfectly remembers, that about a fhort time before the event, he dined in a family party at Baling, where the venerable Doftor was prefent. He began and ate as he Jiked $ but upon the remove, and a frefh fupply of what Lord Chefterfield ufed to call kitchen fluff and cellar fluff, the lady . of the houfe afked the fage, what me fhould help him to. " Oh, pardon me, Madame, (faid he) and do not tax an old man with profanenefs, when I allure you, that feldom in my life have I trufted to providence for afecoad-aurfe." The ARTICLES, SUBSCRIPTIONS, &C. 427 The Sacrament of the Lord's Supper is a pub- lic religious action, rite, or ceremony, in " Com- memoration of the death of Chrift, and of the be- nefits which we receive thereby." Every thing advanced concerning it, beyond and befides this, is precarious and far-fetched. When it is confidered what advantages we re- ceive from the fufferings of our Lord, it feems improper to commemorate his beneficial death with mourning and fading : and when it is con- fidered how much he fufFered, it feems as impro- per to commemorate his death by a feaft, or a banquet. This ceremony, therefore, is neither a feaft, nor a f aft ; but fomething between both. It is a fhort, fober, frugal repalt, on a piece of bread, and a draught of wine. CURSORY ( 4*3 ) CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. I have fome doubt whether not*, for notes, is good Latin : {Jut fince notare means to obferve, why fhould not not<c mean Qbferuations, Notts, Remarks? THE Nile is called by the Greeks Mc'Xar, by the Hebrews Shih or, Niger. Paufanias fays, that the images of all the River-Gods were made of white font, except that of the Nile, which was of blaek, Porphyry obferves, that the flames of the Gods were often made of black marble, to denote the inconfpicuous nature of the Deity. IIoXAot f u xat fAt\Kvt Ai9w1o a(pVf 'u1s 1r;f (Tiaf UjiAaxrai/, Sec Eufebius, Prsp. Evang. III. 7. P. 98. The Abbe Couture, in his Differtation on the Fafti, in the Mem. de VAcad. T. II. 89.. fays, " Lucan, fpeaking of himfelf, after the manner of the CURSORY OBSERVATIONS, 249 the Poets, that is, with great felf-fiifnciency, Nee mems Exfai vacatmr Foft&us ouuu. Now, if he had looked carefully intoLucan, X. 187. he might have found, that they are not the words of the Poet, but of JtJas Cejori who was the Reformer of the Roman Year, and might (peak thus, without arrogance. I do not remember to hare feen in any Author die time mentioned, when the Ohmp'x Gomes, and other games of the fame kind in other places;, ceaied to be celebrated.* In order to be chofen one of the fix principal magiftraxcs of Strafburg, a man muft prove that he is igmble, and a Plebeian, defcended from Pie- f beians for eight generatioos. See La Motlx k " The more abfard and incred%le any divine myfterr, the greater honour," feys Bacon, "we do to God in beuering it,"-f* I wonder that fuch a man ihould have adopted fnch a doctrine, and have had fo little regard for his own reputation; for he who calks in mis manner, will always tall under Jordn obferra frxan MA, m. 67. That tbegUM, Games cofcd about f SeeVoLI.gftiuswwk, P. 573, the 430 CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. the fufpicion of being either a true Fanatic, or a difguifed Infidel. As to Bacon's Editor, he hath taken fufficient care, both in his note upon this paflage, and in a Preface, Vol. II. p. 284. to let us know that he himfelf is not a Fanatic. See Bacon's Works, by Shaw. As to Bacon, he feems to have given way to his fancy, and cxercifed his wit, in drawing up Chriftian Paradoxes. Vol. I. p. 262. II. p. 285. The fame Author tells us, that " the age of the cat terminates between fix and ten." What Juve- nal fays of Tyrants, (Sat. X. 112) is true of Cats, that feldom do they die a natural death. Ad generum Cereris fine cxde et vulnere paucze Defcendunt Feles, etficcd morte fruuntur. But, if they efcape the hands of violence, they hold out beyond the period afligned by Bacon. I had one that lived with me fourteen years *j and I have heard of fome that were much older. How little the duties of Toleration and Mo- deration were underftood, either by Papifts or Pro- teftants, in the fixieenth century, is evident from a letter of Mtlantbtkon, who yet feems to have been * For an Epitaph on this favourite domeftick, fee No. XIX. oftheLusus POETICI, infertedin Y.ol. I. Page 39. a Divine CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 43 1 a Divine of muca mildnds and good nature. Con- cerning the burning of Servetus, he fays to Buiiin- gcr, " Lfgi yv? de Sfrzeii blafpbauis rtjjpudiji'u, ft 6tjycia vfftra probe. , Jxd':co ftlam Sautsat quod bomtxtm pfrtuucfm, ft mos omiJ/VTMm blafpfawas JM/hdit : A: miratgs fiat cjp, tfd Jrveritalam flam : certain tliat tlie Romans greatly abhorred and condemned human facriSces, long before Chriftianity had made its appearance amongft them : and I obferre that the Fathers and Apologifls Tallin, Theophilus, Athanafius, Tertullian, Cy- prian, Minucius, Finnicus, Prudendus, {peak with caution upon this fubjeL None of them (ay directly that bzman vffisms were ofiered up to Jupiter Latiaris, but only human, bloody which might be done many ways, without any human facrifice in form. 1 take the cafe to have been, that at a certain time of the year, when they had (hews in the Amphitheatre, they took the blood of fome condemned man, force gladiator, or fome criminal who was expofed to wild beads, and offered it up to this Jtspiter *. If a Caefer, a Livy, or a Tacitus had lived in later ages, and heard of the proceedings of the Inquifition, they would have laid that thoie nations worihipped Chriil, and his mother, as aGoddefe ; and uied to ii. and Thirlbjs note. oSer 432 CURSORY OBSERVATIONS* offer up human vidims to them in a cruel manner, by burning them alive. It is an obfervation of Montaigne, that" Of thofe who have made themfelves famous in the world, he would lay a wager to produce more who died before, than after, tbirty*fvc" Effais, Tom. I. 19. I have, I believe, confidered this matter more thart Montaigne, and marked the years of the life of many hundred fcholars. And, fetting afide violent deaths, I look upon Jixty-tlree to be the middle term of life; there being about as many who have died before, as at fixty-three and upwards. The number of thofe who died at or near fixty-three is fo far greater than at any other year, that I fufpedt it hath not been called the grand dl maRerlc, without fome reafon. The bodies of many perfons feem to be a machine wound up for that period; which may be Ihortened, but cannot be much length- ened. The feparation of the Jews from the Gentiles was a proof that the Jewith religion was not of general concern; for if there had been no other way to heaven, God would not thus have Ihut out the .Gentiles. In the firft proteflant fchools and univerfities of Germany, moft of the fludents were very poor: They fupported themfelves by begging and finging pfalms CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 433 pfalms from door to door: they ftudied by moon- light, for want of candles; they were almoft ftarved for want of fire ; and often went to bed with an empty ftomach : Yet the earneft defire of erudition conquered all thefe difficulties, and they became private tutors, fchoolmafters, preachers, and pro- feflbrs. Our young folks now have not the tenth part of thefe hardfhips to endure, nor a tenth part of their induftry and learning. Blackwell is an author who hath taken com- mendable pains to vindicate the ftyle, and to point out the beauties of the New Teftament. It is pity that his own ftyle Ihould be fo conceited, and fo full of affectation. The Athenians, a polite people, gave polite names to ugly things. They called the jail, the boufe; the hangman, 7oy Au^(o, the commoner ; a thief, a LOVER : that is, " one who fell in love with a purfe of money, or with fome fuch pretty ob- ject, &c." Herodotus fays, that amongft the Thracians, to work was mean and infamous ; to do nothing- was the mark and privilege of a gentleman. yr^ oi Ifyailin, o7 t u9i*7v. I:j many places Erafrnus highly commends Si- gifmundus Gelcnius, who was the corrector of Fro- YOL. I. F f ben'* 434 CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. ben's prefs. " His uncommon erudition," fays he, " and the probity and fincerity of his manners, render him worthy pf a much better fortune : and yet I dare not with that he were rich/' - " Why fo?" you will fay. " Left it fhould make him indolent, and lefs active in advancing the caufe of Literature. Poverty is a great fpur to induftry." This may be true: but, when a learned and a mo- deft man hath long drudged in occupations which are really beneath him, and hath (hewn evident marks of his attachment to Literature, of his zeal to ferve the public, and of his capacity of doing greater things, if he were more at his eafe, and at liberty to choofe fuch works as beft fuited his abili- ties, he isfurely worthy of fome recompenfe: and it is a fcandalous thing when fuch favours are only beftowed upon people, who procure them by foli- citing, by flattering, &;c.* pws, the Father of Phyficians, loved fees too well ; and for the fake of gold reftored a dead man to life, for which Jupiter killed him with his thunder, as Pindar informs us, Pytb. III. I won- der that fome of the Greek Epigrammatifts, who often ridicule the Phyficians, did not take the hint from Pindar; and fay, that the children of /Efcula- pius, left they ihould fuffer as their father had done, inftead of railing the dead, were contented to kill the living. * I.ifr of Enfinus, Vol. I. p. $62, CtJRSORY OBSERVATIONS. 435 Aras *a* babemus, lays Minucius Felix. If Chrif- tians, then, had DO altars, they had H - is too verbpfe in his compofidons. If he were an indigent author, who fold his works by the fheet, I could pardon him: for fuch an one lofes a penny, along with every idle fentence that he ftrikes out of his copy: his *$// wfll not fuffer him to part with his fuptrflui tits. The Greeks and Latins made the Afr/fcr, the Grans, and all the Hrtufs, females. . Lord Clarendon, having mentioned the death of Ireton, on whom he hath beftowed a very bad cha- racter, fays, that Cromwell gave the command of the army in Ireland to Ludlow, a man of a very different temper from the other. B. XIII. This paffage is remarkable: it contains no fmall compli- ment, paid obliquely and indirectly to Ludlow. One of the greateft wits, and fayers of tons mots, amofigft the ancients, was Diogenes the Cynic. I u*ifh 1 had formerly collected all his fay: r it is too late :o feek them up and down in various authors. 1 have feen feme Divines offended at thofe wo- men, who had their gloves on when they received the Sacrament. They did noc know, I believe, F f 2 436 CURSORY OBSERVATIONS* that in the fixth and feventh century, it was a law in fome places, that the men mould receive the confecrated bread upon their bare hands; the wo- men, upon a piece of white linen laid on their hand, which was called, a dominical. This infigni- ficant ceremony was commanded by one Council, and condemned by another. See Dallseus, de Cult. La f - P 573- Boileau was a good Poet; but, not content with that, he wanted to pafs for a good Scholar. He had, in truth, a ilender flock of erudition; and in this moft of cur celebrated Englifh poets refemble him. He was more learned than Perrault; but that is no mighty matter : Nidla eft gloria prteterirc claudos. Hadrianus Valefius, in his Vakfiana, treats Sal- mafius as a moft contemptible critic, and thereby ihews that he himfelf had either no judgment, or no candour. He hated Salmafius, and attacked him, after he was dead, in a fcurrilous Poem. Doctor B. faid in a fermon, " An hypocrite is like a reed ; fmooth without, and hollow within." It was a tolerable conundrum ; but he fpoilt all by adding, " and tofied about with every blaft of wind." I heard the fame preacher fay, " If any one denies the uninterrupted fucceflion of bifhops, I (hall not fcruple to call him a downright Atbeijl." He CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 437 He might have laid ptiwnbivktr, fngglir, or pick- poebt. This, when I was young, was found, or- thodox, and fefluonable doclrinc. " Nothing is more proper to form the mind and manners, than the ftudr of the Roman law. Every one," fays Yi^HPffitraDe, " who is of any confiderable rank in life, ought to hare per- ufed with attention, once at leaft, the Inftitutes and the Code of Juftinian : He owes this doty to him- felf, and to the publick.* I am of me fame opi- nion ; and I add to thefe the TkoJcfax CoJf, for the light which h gives to EcclefialHcal Hiftory. Lord Bolingbroke calls Cafaobon " a pedant/* If by die word Pfdjxt is to be underftood a man who is fiulled in the learned languages, Boling- broke himfelf was afluredly no pedant : But, in the true fenfe of me word, he was one, gradm JSperla- tivo. Good judges of cornpofirioa have pronounc- ed the prefece of Calvin to his Ltfiiiittes, of Thua- nus to his Hifimy, and of Cafaubon to Potyiritu* to be mafter-pieces in their kind : but Bolingbroke had neither Latin enough to underftand them, nor honefty enough to relifh tb : N s dines abroad, and rails at alTthe world. He loves good eating and evil-ipeaking ; and never opens his month, but at other people's coft. F f 5 Tacitus 438 CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. Tacitus fays, Corrupti/imd Republic a plurim* leges ; and Plato, ITa^' o/? ** 7roX>.&l> xai AW i, 7r# 71oij xl 6ioi poxOtifoi. For the fake of 0#r countiy, I could \vifli that thefc obfervations were not true. ' It appears from Plato's Phsdo, and from lib- erates, that they who were initiated were taught the doctrine of a future (late, and had a promife of happinefs in it. So in his Epinornis, delivering his own fentiments, Plato fays (p. 992) concerning a good and a wife man, " I do moft pofi lively affirm Siiffftopifypoti, TTK^W xcti cnrvjot^ccv, (that IS, both XO- tencally and ejoterically), abfolutely, and at all times, that after death he (hall be happy, wife, and blefTed : iu Bad minds, fay the Platonifts, depart heavy and fpotted, and ftay in our atmofphere, and fuffer for their faults. " Some are fo totally corrupted, fays Socrates, that, according to an ancient tradition, they never get out of Tartarus." See Bibl. Univ. VI. 123. Beza's famous old manufcript, which we have at Cambridge, and on which my friend W. laid fo great a ftrefs, is the work of a bold-fellow, who is perpetually explaining the fenfe, and endeavouring to amend the ftyle. Sec Le Clerc on Acls X. 25. and F. Simon, Lsttres Choifus. II. Let. 26. 4 The CURSORY OBSERVATi; The word fatalis doth not, I think, mean fimply per/a dons, deftn&w . 5 ut ^ i<jea o f dejtixy is alfo then joined to it. In Skinner we have tlje etymo- logies of the word Majftcrt : I think that ihey are all wrong, and that it comes from Marti facrum. Infinuo, as alfo IsGturatin, is ufed in a (enfe not common in the Ccd. fktod. and in Inftit. L,. II. tit. VII. . 2. It ieems to mean to Broukhufius, a polite aiid ingenious critick, hath borrowed not a little from the notes of Jof. Scali- ger on Tibullus and Propertius. Broukhulius is much indebted to Scaliger ; Madame Dacier and her huioand to Tanaquil Faber ; and John Hud- fon to Edward Bernard. Jerome, in his life of Paul the Hermit, j " that me fauns and fatyrs converted with St. Antony, and intreated him to pray that they might ^m God, who came for the falva- tion of the whole <&orld. n A man who writes fuch things, rauft fuppofe all his readers to be fauns and fatyrs. The Cime writer alfo informs u>, that the thejSfctT, the /vvry, the apes t and tb .. hich came from Tharfhilh to Solomon, mean the writ'in** - . Ff 440 CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. S , fpeaking of thofe prophecies which are no more than accommodations, illuftrates the thing by accommodating thefe lines of Virgil, Georg. IV. 86. to the curing of an intermittent fever by the powder of the bark : Hi mot us animorum, atqtte hoec cer lamina tanta. Puheris cxiguijahu compreffa quiefcent. This application, thought I with myfelf, is certainly too lively and ingenious to be his own. Afterwards I found it in the Bibl. Ckois. XXIII. 428. See alfo Menagiana, I. 415. Thomas Burnet is a mod ingenious man. I fay of him, what Quindtilian fays of Seneca : Multtf in eo clarxque fententi<e ; fed in eloquendo cor- rupta pleraque : atque eo pcrnic'wjijfima, quod abundant dulcibus vitiis. Vigneul Marville, I. 5. fays, " The Jews fcarcely ever ate fim." Witnefs the New Tef- tament, and all that is there faid about fifh and fim- ermen ! He adds, that " in England the people eat more fifh than flefli." He knew little of us, j r T and of our diet. When I was pretty far advanced at fchool, my mafler would fometimes give us a Newfpaper to translate. Of all our talks, I found this the moft difficult; and would rather have made forty verfes, than CUKSORT OBSERVATIONS. 44! than have rranflated as many Imes of this dry aad uncouth prole. .'iMiiiTOift ni In our ichools the boys make too many-ejer- - cifes in verfe, and too few in prole ; fo chat many of them, who can compofe a pretty epigram, can- not put together four fentences of profe in a pure and correct manner. Poetical numbers they know, if they have a good ear ; but profe hath its num- bers, and with thefe they are not acquainted. This defect often flicks by them afterwards ; and when they make a Latin fpeech, or fermon,. it is in linfey-woolfey ftuff, in poetical profe, larded with fcraps of Horace and Virgil, by way of em- bellifhmem. Such dilcourfes I have been enter- tained with, more than once, by our Profeflbrs of Divinity. That humourous expreffion in one of our poets, " The man that fights, and runs away, May live to fight another day :** Is deduced from the Greek faying, But k (hould rather have been, Mnr /ftv io run onctltr 4ajr. V/e 442 CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. We have our heroes of this kind ; who, as Pa- nurge fays in Rabelais, fear nothing but danger. It is in the moral, juft as it is in the natural world: Great bodies draw the fmaller after them. Example* cuftom, fafhion, rule us. They who ferve Chrift and the world, arc like / borderers \ fcarcely knowing in whofe kingdom, or under whofe jurifdi&ion they are. The church ought to be very cautious and fpar- jng in appointing ftated fafis and tbankfgivings : Elfe her children will be refractory ; and, like thofe children in the market-places, mentioned in the Gofpel, She may pipe to them, and they will not dance ; and mourn to them, and they will not lament. They who fin and xronfefs alternately, ufe re- pentance as a fort of fifhionable phyfick, to be taken at fet times at fpring and fall. Auguftin fays, Melius eft ut nos reprehendant grammatici, quam ut non intelligent populi. It is not a bad leffon for preachers : But here is another, and a better, from Quinctilian : Qui Jtultis videri t'fuditi volunt, Jlulti erudith videntur. There was at Ephefus a man of extraordinary abilities, called Hermodorus, whofe fuperior merit fo CURSORY OBSERVATIONS. 443 fo offended his fellow-citizens, that they bammed him, and on that occaHon made the following decree : Let no perfon amongjl us excel tke reft : If fuch an cue be found, let blm depart, and dwell t. >- where. The philofopher Heraclitus faid, that ail the Epheilans, who were of age, deferred to be hanged, for alTenting to fuch a kw. Herrno- dorus, thus call out, went to Italy, and took re- fuge at Rome ; where the Barbarians (for fo the Greeks in thofe days accounted all, except them- felves,) received him with courtefy and refpecl: ; defired his affiftance in forming their body of laws, contained in the twelve tables ; and rewarded him with a ftatue erected in the Forum. See Cicero, ?ufc. Difp. V. 36. and Pliny, Vol. II. p. 643. V"e have had fome powerful Druids and High PrieJJs, who would have liked a decree of the Ephefian kind concerning the clergy : If jrj EC- clcfijjiic amongft us Jurpafs others in learning and abi- lities, let bim by all means be deprejjed ; and never permitted to rife abwe tltftdilon of a Curate. Juftin Martyr fays to the Jews, es God pro- mifed that you mould be jj tbe fand on the fea- and to you are indeed, in more fenfes than one. You are as numerous, and you are as barren, and incapable of producing any thing good." Edit. Thiriby, p. 394. This is inge- nious ; and if all die allegorical interpretations of 444 CURSORY OBSERVATIONS, the old fathers were like it, we (hould at lead be agreeably entertained. I have examined " The State of the Dead, as defcribed by Homer and Virgil ," and upon that Diflertation* I am willing to flake all the little credit that I have as critic and philologer. I have there obferved, that Homer was not the Inventor of the fabulous hiftories of the gods. He had thofe {lories, and alfo the doctrine of a future flate, from old traditions. Many notions of the Pagans, which came from tradition, are confi- dered by Barrow, Serm. VIII. Vol. II. in which fermon the exiflence of God is proved from uni- verfal confent. See alfo Eibl. Chois. I... 356. and Eibl. Univ. IV. 433. But " this is maintaining the Doctrine of Tra- ditions, which is a Popifh doctrine.'* Thus faid a fuperficial prater againft that diflertation. So a Proteftant, it feems, mufl not fcratch his ears, nor pare his nails, becatife the Papifls do the fame ! The truth is, that if any remarks be juft, they tend to eflablifh the great antiquity of the doc- trine of a future flate ; and there the fljoe pinches fome people. Let them go barefoot then, with their heels as unfurnilhed as their head. * See Jortin's " Six DifTertations upon different fubje&s." Differ!. VI. p. so j. ANECDOTES. ( 445 ) ANECDOTE 5. ISTRODUCT I O X. FROM die complexion of tfeofe anecdotes which a man collects trom others, or which he forms by bis own pen, may without much difficulty be con jeaured, wtat mono- of mam he was. The human being is mightily given to affinri- iadon ; and from the ftories which any one re- lates with f pint ; from the general tenour of his converfation, and from the books, or the aflb- ciates, to which he moft addicts his attention; the inference cannot be very far diftant, as to the texture of his mind, the vein of bis wit, or, may we not add the ruling paf&on of his heart. Is it not Sr&tn, or the Spi&asr, who lays, that " from the natiooal longs in vogue, a flran- * ger muft judge of the temper of the people ?" Some fuch might be the apology, if any is needed, for inferring the fitde pieces fubjoined; whkh air, undoubiedry, at the beft, no more than the cartbetftft of Daniel's cokfial ftatuc. 446 ANECDOTES* . CARDINAL RETZ, as I remember, fays, that going once with the Pope to view a very fine fla- me, his Holinefs fixed his attention entirely upon the fringe at the bottom of the robe-. From this the Cardinal concluded, that the Pope was a poor creature. The remark was fhrewd. When you fee an ecclefiaflic in an high ftation, very zealous, and very troublefome about trifles, expect from him nothing great, and nothing good. Vaillant, the father, took a voyage in queft of medals. He was in a veffel of Leghorn, which was attacked and taken by a corfair of Algiers. The French being then at peace with the Alge- rines, flattered themfelves that they mould be fet down at the firft landing place. But the corfair excufed himfelf, faying, that he muft make the beft of his way home, being fhort of provifions. They (hipped the French, as well as the other paflengers, with the compliment of bona pace Francefi. Being carried to Algiers, they were de- tained as flaves. In vain the conful reclaimed them. The Dey kept them by way of reprifals, on account of eight Algerines, who, as he faid, were in the King's galleys. After a captivity of four months and a half, Vaillant obtained leave to depart, and they returned to him twenty gold medals, which had been taken from him. He v;ent on board a velfel bound to Marfeilles; and on ANECDOTES. 447 on the third day they faw a Sallee rover purfuing them, and gaining upon them. Upon this, Vaii- lant, that he might not be robbed a fecond time, fwallowed his gold medals. Soon after, a itorm. parting the (hips, he was run aground, and with dif- ficulty got to more : but his medals, which weighed five or fix ounces, incommoded him extremely. He confuked two phyficians; and they not agreeing in their advice, he waited for the event, without taking any remedy. Nature affifted him from time to time, and he had recovered half of his treafure, when he arrived at Lions. He there re- lated his adventure to a friend, mewed him the medals which were come from him, and de- fcribed to him thofe that were dill within-doors. Amongft the latter was an Of bo, which his friend fet his heart upon, and defired to talce his chance for it, and to purchafe it of him before hand. Vaillant agreed to this odd bargain, and fortu- nately was able to make it good on the fame day. See Spon's Voyages. Hift. de 1'Acad. I. 451. and the Diwciad. IV. 375. in the notes. Joannes Scotus Erigena was a man of coiiiider- able parts and learning in the ninth century. The Emperor Charles the Bald had a great efieem for him, and ufed to invite him to dinner. As they fat together at table, one on each fide, the Em- peror faid to him, Quid inte reft inter Scoivm et So- In EngliuS, Betiwen a Scot and a Fool? Scorus 448 ANECDOTES. Scorns bold replied, Menfa tantum: and Charles took it not amifs. A man feeing a King's horfe making water in a river, " This creature," faid he, " is like his matter : he gives., where it is not wanted." Somebody faid to the learned Bignon, " Rome is the feat of Faith." " It is true," replied he; " but this Faith is like thofe people, who are never to be found at home." Ambrofe Philips, the Paftoral writer, was folemn and pompous in converfation. At a coffee-houfe he was difcourfing upon pictures, and pitying the painters, who in their hiftorical pieces always draw the fame fort of fky. " They mould tra- vel," faid he, " and then they would fee, that there is a different fky in every country in Eng- land, France, Italy, and fo forth." ' Your remark is juft," faid a grave gentleman, who fat by : "I have been a traveller, and can teflify thai what you obferve is true : But the great eft variety of ikies that I found, was in Poland." " In Poland, Sir?" faid Phillips. " Yes, in Po- land : for there is Sobiefky, and Sarbieufky, and Jablonfky, and Podebrafky, and many more Skies, Sir." Chapelain ANECDOTES. 449 Chapelain, the French poet, equally famous for fordid avarice, {habby clothes, and bad Yerfes, ufed to wear his cloak over his coat in the midft of fummer. Being afked why he did fo, he al- ways anfwered that he was indifpoied. Conrart laid to him one day, " It is not you, it is your coat that is indifpofed.** Pope Urban VIII. having received ill treat- ment, as he thought, from fome considerable perfons at Rome, faid, " How ungrateful is this family! To oblige them, I canonized an ancef- tor of theirs, who did cot deferve it." Q<*fii gentt motto ingrata : lo ho bcatijicato uno de loro pa- rtnti, eke turn to meritai-a. 1 was told many years ago by a friend, that ..ain divine of quarrelfome memory, being charged with fomewhat in the Convocation, rofe up to mftiry himfelf, and laying his hand upon his breaft, began thus : " I call God to withefs, &c." A brother dignitary laid to his next neigh- bour, " Nowxlo I know that this man is going to tell a He; for this is his uiual preface on ail fuch occafions." ^ETchines (centra Ctefipb.) faid .ry lame thing of Demoflhenes, frho was perpetually eaibeilHhing his orations with c " This man," faid he, " never calls the Gods to witnels with more confidence and eifrontery, VOL. I. G g AENCDOTES. than when he is affirming what is notoriouity falfe." Scudery travelling with his'fifter, put up at an inn, and took a chamber for the night, which had two beds. Before they went to ileep, Scudery was talking with his fifter about his romance called Cyrus, which he had in hand. " What fhall we do," faid he, " with Prince -Mazarus ?"" Poi- fon him," faid the lady." No," faid he, " not yet; we (hall ftill want him, and we can difpatch him when we pleafe." After many difputes, they agreed that he mould be aflaffinated. Some tradefmen, who lay in the room adjoining, and divided only by a thin partition, overheard the difcourfe ; and thinking that they were plotting the death of fome of the Royal Family, went and informed againft them. They were accordingly feized, fent to Paris, and examined by a magif- trate; who found that it was only the hero of a romance whom they intended to deftioy. One of Pere Simon's favourite paradoxes, was his hypothefis of the Rouleaux. He fuppofed that the Hebrews wrote their tacred books upon fmali fhcets of paper, or fomething that ferved for pa- per ; and rolled them up one over another, upon a flick; and that thefe Iheets, not being fattened together, it came to pafs, in procefs of time, that fome AlfcC&OTfi*. 45T feme of them were loft, and others difplaced. We might as well fuppoie, that the arrift, who invented a pair of breeches, had not the wit to find ibme method to fatten them up ; add that men walked, for fereral centuries, with their breeches about their heels; til), at length, a ge- nius arofe, who contrived:'' buttons and button* holes.* - "'bfii : * ot> George, Cardinal d'Amboiie, was, as hiflory lays, an Ecclefiaftirk, with no more than one be- nefice, and a Minister of fbate without covetouf- nefs, without pride, and without felf-intereft ; whole mam defign was to promote the glory of Louis the Twelfth ; of a Prince, who accounted the profperity of his fubjects to be his greateft ho- nour and -glory. About the year 1414, Brikman, Abbot of St. Michael, being at the Council of Conftance, was pitched upon by the Prelates to fay mafs, becaufe he was a man of quality. Hie performed -it fo well, that an Italian Cardinal fancied that he muft be a Doctor of Divinity, or of Canon Law, and denred to get acquainted with him. He ap- proached, and addrefled himielf to him in Latin. The Abbot, who knew no Latin, could not an- fcer ; but, without ihewing any concern, he turned to his own chaplain^ and ud f * f What lofcof Erafins, ToL I. p G g 2 Cr.i -.: 4$2 ANECDOTES* (hall I do ? " Can you not recoiled," faid the Chaplain, " the names of the towns and villages in your neighbourhood ? Name them to him, and he 'will think that you talk Greek, and he will leave you." Immediately the Abbot anfwered the Cardinal, " Sturwolf, Hafe, Gifen, Soerfcbe- Ravenjlfde, Drifpenftede, Itzem" The Cardinal afked, if he was a Greek, and the chaplain an- fwered, " Yes;" and then the Italian Prelate withdrew. A Lawyer and a Phyfician difputed about pre- cedence, and appealed to Diogenes. He gave it for the lawyer ; and faid, " Let the thief go iiiit, and the executioner follow." An old woman, who had fore eyes, purchafed an amulet, or charm, written upon a bit of parch- ment, and wore it about her neck, and was cured. A female neighbour, labouring under the fame diforder, came to beg the charm of her. She would by no means part with it, but permitted her to get it copied out. A poor fchool-boy was hired to do it for a few pence. He looked it over very attentively, and found "it to confift of cha- taders which he could not make out : but, not being willing to lofe his pay, he wrote thus : " The Devil pick out this old woman's eyes, and fluff up the holes." The patient wore if about her neck, and was cured alfo. Ligniore ANECDOTES. ir~ Ligniere was a wit, and apt to be rather rough and blunt in converfation. One day a Nobleman boafted before him, that he could tofs up cher- ries in the air, and catch them, as they came down, in his mouth ; and accordingly he began to (hew his (kill. Ligniere had not the patience to flay for the fecond cherry ; but faid to him, " What dog taught you that trick ?" The Lacedaemonians were remarkable for con- cife fpeeches : but afcer their defeat at Leudra, their deputies, in an affembly of the Greeks, made a very long and warm invective againft Epami- nondas, who had beaten them. He flood up, and only replied, " Gentlemen, I am glad we have brought you to your fpeech." D faid of a flupid preacher, who was forced to hide for debt, " Six days he is iitvi/i- ble ; and on Sundays he is incomprebenfiale" When Kufler was at Cambridge, preparing his Suidas, and ftndying Engliih, an ignorant acade- mician put into his hands L'Eftrange's Fables, the worft book that he could have chofen. Kuf- ter foon complained to him that he could make nothing out of it: '* For example," faid he, " here is the word Rovfioner, which I cannot find in the dictionary." L'Eflrange had called a CTO-JJ a Royfloner.* * Rn;/}, in Hertfordfhire, is menuoue^ as ^remarkabk fora particular ff> ecics of theie birds. G g 3 Charles 454 ANECDOTES, Charles II. faid one day to Gregorio. Leti, <f When fliall we have your hiftory of the pre- fent times ?" " I know pot, Sir," faid he, " what to do about it. A man would find it an hard matter to tell the truth without offending Kings and great men, though he were as wife as Solomon. " i( Why then, Signior Gregorio," faid Clwles, " be as wife as Solomon, an4 write Proverbs." Dr. S wrote a very fmall hand, and crouded a great deal into his pages. He did it ^ to fave the expence of paper. He put one of his manufcripts into a friend's hands to perufe ; who returned it to him, with this compliment, *' If you reafon as clofely as you write, you arc invincible." In former days, a certain Bifhop of Ely, hear- tily hated in his diocefe, had a tranflation to Can- terbury. Upon which a Monk {tuck up this dif- tich, on the doors of his Cathedral of Ely, in Leonine verfes, the befl of the kind that I ever met with. Exultant Cceli, trait/it quod Simon ab Ell : Cujus ob adventum font in Kent millia centum;* * On the deceafe of a certain great man, not much beloved f the following was found, infcribed in chalk, upon the valves of his coach-houfe door : ' He that giveth unto the poor, lendeth unto the Lord. N. JB. The Lord oweth tbis man nothing." -M r ANECDOTES. 455 "- - r was a fcholar, a bigot, and a free- thinker. When he died, leaving two TODS behind 3C Teemed to be fplit afunder, and divided between them. The one inherited his bigotry, the other his freethinking. His learning, like a vola- tile fpirit, flipped away; and neither of them could catch k. Chriftopher Urfewick is (aid by Wood to have been Recorder of London in the reigns of Edw. IV. Rich. III. and Henry VII. Speed tells us, that under the laft, he might hare attained the higheft dignities in the Church, and the mol profitable offices in the State; but that be refufed the Bifhop- rick of Norwich, litdo res gm Jrpdttri! Ac- cordingly his Epitaph, which is a good one, and much to his credit, lays, Magms baures tola tnte cnttstits* To deferve a Biihoprick, and to reject it, is no common thing. But that our Urfewick may not fbmd alone, the following is related of another iUuftrious man of the fifteenth century. Sixrus the Fourth, having a great efteem for John \Veflel, of Groeningen, one of the moil learned men of the age, fent for him, and faid to him, " Son, afk of us what you will ; nothing (hall be refufed, that becomes our character to beftow, and your rendition to receive. 1 *" Mod holy Fa- G 4 456 ANECDOTES. ther," faid he, " and my generous Patron, I (hall not be troublefome to your Holinefs. You know that I never fought after great things. The only favour I have to beg, is, that you would give me out of your Vatican Library, a Greek and a He- brew Bible." " You (hall have them," faid Sixtus: " but what a fimple man are you! Why do you not alk a Bifhoprick?" Weffel replied, " Eecaufe I do not want one /" The happier man was he : happier than they, who would give all the Bibles in the Vatican, if they had them to give, for a Bilhop- rick*. ' , The Cappadocians refufed liberty, when offered to them by the Romans, and obliged the Senate to give them a King; faying, as the Ifraelites of old did to Samuel, Nay, but we will have a King over us. Such are the peafants of Livonia; they are Haves to the nobility, who drub them without mercy. Ste- phen Batori, King of Poland, commiferating their wretched ftate, offered to deliver them from this cruel tyranny, and to change their baftinadoes into flight fines. The Peafants could not bear a propo- lition tending to deflroy fo ancient and venerable a cuftom, and moft humbly befought the King, " that he would pleafe to make no innovations." See Bibl. Univ. IV. 161. Pylades, the comedian, being reprimanded by the EmperorAuguftus, becaufe tumults and factions * See Life of Erafmus, Vol. I. p. 48, were ANECDOTES. were railed in Rome upon his account, by who favoured him, in oppohtioo to ocber actors, fcplied, " It is JHPW intereft, Caetar, that the peo- ple mould bufy themfdres and fqiabbk about Father Morinus, as Sknon cells us, had made * collection of all the rude and fcurrilous language &> be found in ancient and dafficil authors, to ferre him upon occafioa. There is a ludicrous curie in Plautus: TK ft ocsdci tmamgwis ex capil: per no/mm tmas / " I wifli you may blow your eyes oat at vour nofe." - That rhetoric, feys Selden, is beft, which is moft feafonablc and catctinr. We have an usance in that obi blunt Commander at Cadiz, who (hewed himfelf a good orator. Being to fjy fixnething to his loldiers (which he was not ufed to do) he made them a fpeech to this purpofe : *' What a Ihame will it he to you, EifSJkiKai, who feed upon good Btff, to let thole Spaniards beat you, that live upon eraxges amdlcmanF 9 - Dr. B. once wanted to (ell a good-for-nothing horie ; and mounted him, to (hew him to the bed advantage: but he performed his part (b very fonily, that the peribn with whom he was driving the bar- .iid, " My dear friend, when you want to S impose 453 ANECDOTES* impofe upon me, do not get up on horfeback: get up into the Pulpit." The Philofopher Antifthenes affected to go in rags, like a beggar. Socrates faid to him one day, tf Pride and vanity peep through thofe holes of your cloke," Man. Var. Hiftor. Lib, IX. c. 35.* Bayle, enumerating the new taxes invented by Louis XIV. and the uncouth names by which they went, fays, " Here are Words, admirably fuited to impoverilh Subjects, and to enrich Dictionaries." When Charles V. (fays a Spanifti Hiftorian) fled before Maurice of Saxony, and hurried from Infpruck on foot, he walked after his retinue, to, teftify his courage ; and bade them double their pace, faying, " Haften away, and be not afraid of'a Traitor, who hath wickedly rebelled againft his Prince." If it be true that Charles faid thus, to hearten his men, and encourage them to run for it, he followed the maxim of Sandoval, his Cronica4or^\^ puts at the head of one of his chapters, " Los Spanoles vittoriofos fe ne fuyeron" The victorious Spaniards ran away, &c. See Eibl Univ. X. 14. * The original is Ov irawti iy*aX>.w7ri<j|txtt vpw. Kulmius re- marks on the paffage, " Clarius hjec Diogenes: Scribit enim iilm. We dixiiFe, Opw ca oia ra Tf&uw; Tv I>?,c^o|t>. V. Edit. Argentorati. 1685 ANECDOTES. 459 We are informed by Rabelais, B. IV. Ch. VIIL that Panurge, in a voyage at fea, had a quarrel with a merchant, who carried a flock of meep to fell. The pafiengers interpofed, and made them fhakc hands and drink together. Panurge, ftill medi- tating revenge, fo contrives it by a ftratagem, as to drown all ihe iheep, and the merchant along with them : and, rejoicing over his exploit, fays to his companion, Friar John, " Hear this from me: No man ever did me a difpleafure, without repenN ing of it, either in this world, or in the next/* TRANSLATIONS TRANSLATIONS FROM THE L U S U S P O E T I C I, TRANSLATION OF ODE II, CASSANDRA'S PROPHECY.* Sector cum Patriis mccnia linqueret, &c. \VHEN Fiedler dauntlefs left the Trojan walls 4 No more, alas ! to view his native home, Thus with prophetic voice his fitter calls, Her locks dimeveird:--Hark,C ASS AN DRA' Whither, O Phoebus ? Whence that loud acclaim? See, their chiefs fly : refounds my Hector's name | See, the fleet burns : the fea's on fire, Ting'd Grecian with th' empurpled hue of ire. Frail, fondeft joys, how quick ye fade away \ Ay me ! great Priam's band s recede ! And thou, lov'd brother, wretched I furvey, How foon for Juno's vengeance thou muft bleed. * See P. 8, O Tower TRANSLATIONS. 461 O Tower of Tray ! her honour, and her pain i Yet happy, doom'd to fall in her defence : Happy, for lo, in fara'd Mseonian fbrain, Glory thy deeds (hall through the world difpenfc. All, all mull yield : Tis bur the general doom: Darknefs and filence may Unround thy tomb : But tuneful lays, by Poet lifted high, Forbid the brave, the virtuous man to die. 9 * B. TRANSLATION OF ODE UL * Smrfsprmemrmm mgrtflati*, &. As through the filence of the grove, And through the meadow's verdant way, The placid rivTet loves to rove, Whfiil murmurs fort its courfe betray : * See Page 9. This, and the pooa OB -he Nature of the Soul," P. 4*3, fcond in tfac Go>tiea.~s Magit, lor Am- guft 17X9, wha the foiicming note. " Tis Traflator has cot the vanity to think he hss tnns&ned much of die ^rtf of the cv^nal into fcb veHes. His cfean to pnife las mo fcuMhtka, if br wa^ tkc of */y. Be wArs gpe the ^i>% radsr fine idea of JOKTIS'S ekgaace of fancy, and ID ezcte the febo- far to pende ibmt of the mo* daCcal Lain vedes which nxxkra It may not be improper to tifce ftocxe of a : by tic editor of Vincent Bean* s M&eliaaeaus , f died in 410. 1771, ia in Page 314, has reprinted, wiA fine ' ions, UK abce diod Ode of Dr. Joftra, %db for MW &c. as the prodcaioA f Mr. Bonne, Jtnder the ride of Awhile TRANSLATIONS. Awhile, around its native mead It drives a winding courfe to keep ; Till, as the Hope improves its fpeed, It gains the bofom of the deep : Thus, through the fecret path of life May I, unclogg'd by riches, glide ! Nor tangled in the thorns of flrife, Nor with the blood of conqueft dyed ? And when the (hades of night increafe, When cloy'd with pleafure, prefs'd by \voe5j May Sleep's kind brother bring me peace, And his cold hand my dull eyes clofe ! TRANSLATION OF ODE IV, Vix trljlis. dubia, luce rubet Polus, &c. WITH fainted gleam now dies the languid ray, In peaceful filence wrapt, creation fleeps ; While with lone flep thro' thefe fad (hades I ftray, And love, with me, the penfive vigil keeps. Unpitying JULIA ! whither doft thou fly ? Wilt thou, regardlefs, tempt the ocean's rage ? Shall billows waft thee from my raptur'cl eye, No diftant hope my ling'ring woe t' affuag'e ? Where, TIANSLATIOK3. 463 tVhere, where are now thofe plighted vowi of lore, Wtidioncc in tendered kjoksutd words you Ah, may the boiffrous winds lefe and prove ! Ah, Ids dcftruaiTc be the railing ware ! ON THE NATURE OF THE SOUL* ' AIT TOTl MO&IXVfc SCLLAqVK 5>AY, mtdlc&sd fpark of heavenly flame, Does rigorous death atrak tfcee ? Siall cold fleep Ever benumb thy powers ? Thy thought in rain Soais her bold ffight, and phas eternal fcfaemes, If Face and Nature unielenniig join To blaft the bloflbms of thy future joy s. Firft, tben, thyfelf explore : die latent tnok Thy eager iearcn may fioiu us dark receu Draw forth, and haply reaibn may difplay Thy real juiiucy and thy origin. If tbou material art, the Elements Were thy firft parents ; and, as from that fource Thou flow'ft, thy diflblotion flaali refiore Thy compound fufafiance to the fame again. If order, motion, figure, all unite Sop. a:. To 464 TRANSLATIONS. To form in thee a fair harmonious being ; When languid dullnefs fliall invade thy frame, The vital warmth forfake the quivering limbs, Mifts gather round the eye, and the light breath Efcape, to mingle with the ambient air; Thou died : nor can th' officious hand of mortals Attune thy parts to priftine harmony. If thou art fimple fubftance, and my wifh Be crown'd with Truth's decifion, thy exiftence Will triumph e'er the flight of endlefs time : Yet, doubt awakens fear ; the fwelling tide Of dark fufpicion rifes : how can fubftance, Not cloth'd in form, not refident in fpace, Or feel, or flouiim, or with vigour move ? Whence rifes thy unfuitable alliance "With the grofs body ? Reafon, lefs aftonifh'd, Will view heaven join'd to earth, ferpents to birds, Or bleating lambs to ocean's fcaly brood. When time mall loofe thee from thy carnal prifon, The active powers of fenfe will all defert thee : Should ev'n grim Death unbar his iron gate, To fet thee free, what boots thy liberty? If, robb'd of fenfe, thou flieft in fpace unbounded. Thinner than air, or evanefcent ihade ? Alas! obedient to great Nature's law, The fun difplays his orient beam, or finks Beneath the weftern ocean ; whilft the moon Her fwelling crefcent fills; each lucid ftar, Loft in the fiercer blaze of golden day, At TRAKSLATIC 465 At nigh: with dUmond-iuftre fpangles heavm. The lowly children of the genial earth, The verdant turf, the painted family Of flowers, whom Winter's icy hand had nipp'd, Quick, at die all of Zephyr's gentle voice, Raile their fair heads above the waving grafs ; Whilft MA : . : : :oroiy icvereign of the world, fe foul a/pires to great and glorious deeds, If once life's fleeting fpring tad vigorous youth Are pais'd, decays ; nor docs the general law iture raife him to th* aeibereal realms, Nor the cold prifon of the tomb unbar. Yet, that repofe is never broke by cares : There grief, diieaie, and anger, and revenge, Pain xvith her fcourge, and av'rice ever-craving, Difcord, that madlv wields her blood-ftain'd iword, And hunger prompting ill, and want in rags, And hatred, or that deadly foe to virtue The green-eyed eary, or deceit, whofe face Wears the insidious maik, dare not intrude : But night with friendly gloom enwraps the fcene, And placid Sleep waves How his dinky wings. Let Patience then affift thee, to fcftaia The ior, which Nature and aii -conquering : Impofe. The globe, and all that it contains, WiH fink in Chaos' wide-devouring g Even he, whole fiery froar illumes the e Fare's heavy hand vrill feel, like hapiefs man: Old age will bow him down; his hoary Seeds VOL. I. H h Win 466 TRANSLATIONS. Will drag laborioufly his fliiggifh car, His hand ftill trembling as he guides the reins ; Time will bedim the luftre of the ftars, Nay, glory only lives a few, fliort years, Like the frail column that records its triumphs. The Mufe and Virtue long fhall brave the fhocks That lay the world in ruins ; yet o'er them Her dufky veil will late Oblivion fling. Thus does raih Error, wearing Truth's fair garb a JDeceive, and we're milled by her falfe light. But reafon tells thee, Offspring of the Skies, That thou malt ever {hine; thy heavenly Frame Smiles at grim Death, and night's funereal (hades, And prorhifes eternal years of joy. Hence thy prophetic power, thy eager glance, That reads the volume of futurity: Hence thy regard for Virtue, and that awe Of dread Omnipotence; the rapid thought, That flies with fwiftnefs of the forked ilalh Where'er thy fancy bids, o'eileaping oft The flaming confines of the univerfe. Thou waft not form'd of mix'd, difcordant parts, But fimple art, mov'd by internal fprings. Ignoble matter, void of fenfe and motion, Boafts not fuch wondrous faculties as thine. Either thro* ages thou (halt dill furvey The wreck of worlds, or Fortune blind produced This 'nether globe; than which no impious thought Was ever more remote from R'eafon's rule. Survey TRANSLATIONS. 467 Survey th' expanfe of earth, the dairy &y, The flowery fields, and ocean's waves immenfe: Nature for Thee unlocks the earth's gay treafures, For Thee fufpends the twinkling lamps on high, Leads on the cryftal ftream in mazy courfe, And paints the vernal mead with purple flowers. When light primeval chas'd the murky ftades, And the unwearied fun began his courfe; When fruitful earth, and circumambient air, The ocean, and the ever-flowing dreams Receiv'd their firft inhabitants, and blifs Devoid of reafon crown'd their favour'd birth ; Th' Almighty Power dirvey'd his fair creation With looks that fpoke ineffable delight. To crown his works, he breath'd the plaftic word , And bade the foul exift. Thou at his bidding Stood'lt forth, and lo 1 thefe gracious founds were heard. f: Fair offspring, image of th' eternal Mind * " Seek earthly habitation ; in a frame " Lovely refide, thyfelf a lovelier guefl. t: Remember well thine origin; that thou, " From heaven departing, Ihalt to heaven return r " O'er thee no power can vaunting Death exert, " E'en tho' loud threats he mutter, or diftaia " His way with carnage; or with griefly front " And pointed dart appal a trembling world." He faid and, to confirm his high beheft, Loud thunders roll'd, and tremor feiz'd the earth." H h 2 Hence, 468 TRANSLATIONS. Hence, foon as Death's chill grafp hath loos'd the bands Of mortal life, th' aethereal mind to heaven Spreads its fair wing, and feeks its native realms : There, veil'd in light, it joins th'angeiic choirs; Reviews thofe hallow 'd feats, which neither ftorms Sadden, nor thunder's bellowing din alarms, Nor winter's fnow, nor the wide-wafting fire Of Sirius can approach ; nor bluftering winds, Nor clouds' dark fhadc deform the face of day. But Love inftead, whofe darts no venom know, Lights his pure lamp; whilft Concord his compeer, Pleafure, and Innocence, and placid Joy, Fill up the train; than which a groupe more fair Nor ftinds confefs'd to Poets as they dream, ]^or danc'd the jocund round in Eden's bowers. But, if th' infedion of unhallow'd Vice Should reach the foul, and with deftructive taint Her pinions flain, and ruffle her fair plumage; No bleft return to an immortal home . Awaits her ; down the headlong deep of darknefs, Th' infernal whirlwind drives, where many an age Exil'd and indigent, to grief a prey, Self-doom'd (he roams, a melancholy ghofl. Heir of immortal climes ! of higheft heaven^ The genial progeny ! whofe inward eye Difcerns the bounds that fever right from vvrpng; anft thou, with tame fervility, become TRANSLATIOXS. 46 $ The prey of fordid Paffion, and of Vice ? Pride dazzks with her gorgeous train of pomp, Dull Sloth benumbs chee, gentle Pieafore clafp* IA her impure embrace, or Avarice jxi i - Tonnems with cane, and goads thy craving hreafl. Vanqnifh this boft of cyranrs, and be free ; Like as the captive* lioa, whom the threfcts And blaadiOi meets of fome unworthy lord Had oft enflavM, if once the galHng chaia Be (hakea off", regains his name woods ; And, fooming to return to former durance, EBJOTS th' unbounded range of liberty. Seek then the road where Virtue's nigged path Leads up to bearen; for fee, where Glory, crown*d With iaocel wreaths, invites thy near approach: Nay more, th' Ahnighry with aufpicious ere Looks down to animate thy tanking powers. Thus emulate the gem, that k>w ia earth Long hid its head ingioctous, *qll the hand Of artifk brought forth all its latent beauty : 3tnpp'd o its rougher drefs, k foon affuoies ;gh-wrought polifh, and on every fide kfoarkliag rays around. 470 TRANSLATIONS. EPITAPH IUM FELIS.* YV ITH age o'erwhelm'd, deep funk in dire difeafe, At Lift I viilt the infernal (hades : Fair Proferpine, with fmiles, difpos'd to pleafe, Said " Welcome, Tabby, to th' Elyfian glades." But ah ! 1 cried, mild Queen of fiient fprites, Grant me, once more, to view my late, dear home: Once more; to tell the man of ftudious nights, " I love thee, faithful dill, tho' diftant far I roam." B. EPITAPH DR. STEPHEN HALES.* OF fweet fimplicity, of generous breaft, Godlike Religion ! thy undoubted teft ; Of vivid genius, form'd for public good, Source to the wretch, of joy, the poor, of food : Such were thy titles ; high and low the fame Befpoke thee, Hales ; and thefe GOD'S voice pro- claim. B. * See p. 39< This TRANSLATIONS. 471 & This truly great, for he was a truly good man, is highly complimented by Mr. Pope, who dignifies him with the appellation of " plain Parfon Hales."* In 1741, he publifhed his ex- cellent invention of FtntUators, which he improved as long as he lived. About fix or feven years after, one of thefe machines was introduced at the prifon of the Savoy ; and its benefits were foon difcovered and acknowledged. Previous to this invention, between 50 and ica prifoners had died every year of the gaol-diftemper in that place ; but no fooner was this life-giving machine creeled, than fcntr perfons only died, in two years, though the number of the confined exceeded two hundred* The ufe of ventilators foon became general. In the laft war, after long felicitations, he pro- cured an order from the French King to erect ventilators in the prifons where the Englifh cap- tives were kept ; and upon being informed of his fuccefs, he was heard to fay in a jocofe vein, " He hoped nobody would inform againft him, for cerreJpoxdtKg with the. enemy" It would be endlefs to mention his various natural refearches, and ingenious fchemes for the benefit of mankind. They all discover great knowledge of the fecrets of nature, which he was able to apply to agricul- See Pope's Works, Vol. III. Moral Ef ajs , Ep, II. , 9 8. where both the poet, and his learned annotator, have gwen his iALE. ture, TRANSLATIONS. turc, phyfics, and feveral other arts of life. In a word, he deferred, as much as ever man did, the title of " a Chriftian Philofopher." All his du- el ies and refearches into nature tended only to one point, that of doing good to mankind. He died 4th Jan. 1761, aged 84 years. TNSCRIPTIONIS FRAGMENTUM. QVAB. TE. SVB. TENERA. &C. * BY THE REVEREND MR. MERRICK. 1 HEE, P/ETA, death's relentlefs hand Cut off in earlieft bloom : Ok! had the fates for Me ordain'd To (hare an equal doom ; With joy this bufy world I'd leave, This hated light refign, To lay me in the peaceful grave, And be for ever Thine. * See Page 47. Though already fo often met with, and juftly admired, the reader cannot but deem the above translation intitled to a place in this work, as taken from Dodfley's collection of Pcems, Vol. IV. P. 188. The original, we are informed, has been republifhed by the very ingenious Mr. Thomas Wa: ton, in Sis " Infcriptionum Romanarum metricarum Deleclus:"' Lon- don, 17585 as an ancient iuicription. 4 DP TRANSLATIONS. 47J Do thou, if Lethe court thy lip, To tafte its ftream forbear : Still in thy foul his image keep, "Who haftes to meet thee there. Safe o'er the dark and dreary (bore In queft^of thee I'll roam ; Love with his lamp fhall run before, And break the circling gloom. END OF VOL. I. University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed. * *r?.r oec 1 7U, A 000007169 6