UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES
 
 REPORT 
 
 F R O M T H E 
 
 SELECT COMMITTEE 
 
 . Appointedbv 
 
 The house of COMMONS, 
 
 ASSEMBLED AT WESTMINSTER IN THE FIFTH SESSION OF THE THIRTEENTH 
 
 PARLIAMENT OF GREAT BRITAIN, 
 
 TO ENQUIRE INTO 
 
 The nature, STATE, and CONDITION 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 EAST INDIA COMPANY, 
 
 AND OF THE 
 
 BRITISH AFFAIRS IN THE EAST INDIES. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for T. Evans, at No. 54, in Pater-noster Row, aMd W. Davis, the 
 
 CORNER OF SaCKVILLE StREET, PiCCADIlLT. 
 
 MDCCLXXIII.
 
 C3 
 
 REP O' " R T 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 SELECT COMMITTEE, 
 
 APPOINTED TO EN Q_U IRE INTO 
 
 The nature, STATE, and CONDITION 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 EAST-INDIA COMPANY, 
 
 AND OF THE 
 
 Britlfh Affairs in the East -Indies. 
 
 ^' / I ^ H E Committee have found it impoflible, with their utmofl diligence, to go through 
 'i- I the multiplicity of matter, which the order of the Houl'e comprehends ; and they, be- 
 
 JL fides, have thought themfelves obliged to depart from the regular courfe of their en- 
 ~> quiry, in order to make a diftindt and feparate report, upon the petition of Gregore Cojamaul, 
 
 ^ late of Bengal, in the Eaft-Indies, on behalf of himfelf and others, which the Houfe referred 
 
 to them by a fubfequtnt order. 
 
 Notwithftanding the bufmefs of your Committee has been by this circumftance, and by the 
 jnfufficiency of the time, left incomplete ; yet as the feflion, as they apprehend, is drawing to a 
 conclufion, and as every part of their enquiry is full of important matter, they thought it right 
 to report the progrefs they have hitherto been enabled to make. 
 
 Your Committee beg leave to premife, that, for the regularity of their enquiry, and in order 
 to give the cleareft ftate of it to the Houfe, they thought it expedient to arrange their pro- 
 ceedings under the following heads : 
 
 ift. The feveral charteis granted to the Eaft-India Company, with the acts of parliament 
 refpefling the fame ; and alfo, the grants and treaties v.'hich have fubfifted between the Com- 
 pany and the Powers in India, from their firft eftablifliment to the preCent time. 
 
 2dly. The Commiffions, and other inftruments, by which the Company authorized and im- 
 powered their fervants to carry on their affairs in India. 
 
 3dly. To purfue, by hiftorical dedudtion, the ftate of affairs in India, the manner in which 
 the prefent pofleflions in that country were acquired, and the difl'erent tranfaftions attending 
 thofe acquifitions ; beginning with the tranfadlions of Bengal, and dividing them into three 
 periods; viz. from the eftablifliment of the prefent Company to the completion of the K evo- 
 lution, in the year 1757 ; from thence to the aftuming the Dcwanny in the year 1765 ; and 
 from thence to the prefent time ; and in each period refpcflively to ftate the fituatioT of the 
 Company's aftalrs, and the material parts of the conduiSt of the Company's fervants, with refpeil 
 to the powers intrufted with them by the Company, in the civil and military departments ; in 
 the adminiftration of juftice; in the accepting of prefents ; in the manas^cment of trade; and 
 in the revenues and coinage. 
 
 4thly. The various dilputes with foreign Companies fince the vear 1765. 
 
 5thly. The condu£l of the Diredors at home, during all the pciiocJs comprehended in this 
 enquiry, refpedlively, to the different powers exercifed at any time by them ; to the manner ot 
 keeping and checking public accounts at home and abroad ; to the tnntroul ot thtir fervants j 
 and to the abufcs to which the whole, or any part, of the Eaft India affairs is liable, from 
 defeats in the conftitution of the Company, when applied to their prefent fituation at home and 
 abroad. 
 
 Purfuant to the above plan, your Committee proceeded to read fuch charters and aiSs of par- 
 liament as are applicable to their enquiry; all of v.liich are in the poftt/Tion of the Houfe, and 
 a fchedule of them is annexed, in the Appendix, N" I. 
 S?>j The copies of commiflion, and inftruments from the Company to their fervants, are included 
 
 iR| in the above number of the appendix. 
 
 ^1 Your Committee would not prefume to ftate to the Houfe the conftitution of the Eaft- 
 
 {^. India Company, without the moft criticdl and minute examination of each charter and a£l of 
 O Parliament ; and they could not, in the fpace of time allotted them, enter upon (o great a 
 work, which may be taken up hereafter and ftated from the materials itl'eried t\) in the ap- 
 pendix. 
 
 Your
 
 ( i ) 
 
 Yout Committee proceeJcd lu cmiuire into the nature and extent of the piiiileges and powers 
 claimed in Bengal by the Conipaii)', uiidtr Grants and Firmaunds from the Princes of the 
 country ; copies of which, for the information of the Houfe, are annexed in the Appendix, 
 
 N° 2. 
 
 Your Committee not finding traces of any very materia) diaurbances in the enjoyment of 
 thofe privileges and powers in Bengal, from the firft tlbblifliment of the Company, to the 
 death of Alii Ver di Cawn, in the y"ear 1756, applied themfclves to difcover the caufes of the 
 troubles which enfued foon after that evtnt, and brought on the lof;. of Calcutta ; and for this 
 purpofe, your Committee read thecoiifultations and correfpondence marked in the Appendix, N^ 3. 
 
 To the fame purpofe your Committee called Charles Manningham, Efquirc. 
 
 Your Committee think proper, in this place, to ftate to the Houfe, that they have not 
 been able for want of time to extrad from their minutes the (late of fads lb fuccindlly as 
 they would otherwife have done; and therefore they are under the necelfity of laying 
 before the Houfe, in this and every other part of their proceeding-^, the evidence 
 almoft in the manner they received it. 
 
 Chailes Manningham, Efquire,' informed your Committee, That in the year i/56,.he was 
 Third in Council, and Warehoufe Keeper at Calcutta, and next to Mr. Drake upon the fpot ; 
 that he thinks it is not in the power of any man to afTign the reafon for the origin of the 
 troubles, and knows of no part of the conduct of the Company's fervants at Calcutta, that 
 could incenfe the government ; that the troubles commenced in June 1756. — Alii Verdi Cawn, 
 the Predeceflbr of Serajah Dowla, died about the April preceding ; that Serajah Dowla had 
 always the chara£ler of a ralh. vicious young man ; and it was fuppofed the iirft occafion of his 
 coming againft Calcutta was, that he was tempted by the idea of the place being likely to 
 afford great plunder ; that the lirft accounts the Factory had of his ill intentions towards them, 
 was the beginning of June 1756. 
 
 Being queftioned as to what he knew of offence taken by the Nabob, in regard to protedlion 
 given by the Englifti to one KifTindafs ; he faid, that Mr. Drake was governor of the feitle- 
 ment, and Mr. Watts was chief of Coffimbuzar, and believes, that Kiffindafs was at that time 
 in the Dacca part of the country ; that Mr. Watts wrote to Mr. Drake, to luffer Kiffindafs to 
 land at Calcutta, in his way to Muxadavad, by way of refrefhment, as his family had been ufe- 
 ful to the Englifti; that as Mr. Drake was abfent at the time Mr. Watts's letter arrived, the letter 
 was fent under cover to the witncfs to be opened, and he is not quite fure whether that period 
 was before or after the death of Alii Ver di Cawn ; that Kiffindafs landed at Calcutta accordingly ; 
 that he never faw him, and that when Mr. Drake arrived a few days after, he delivered him the 
 letter. 
 
 The witnefs faid, He was upon the fpot when Serajah Dowla came down, and believes Kiffin- 
 dafs was not then in the town ; he does not recolleft, that Serajah Dowla made any demand for 
 the delivering up of Kiffindafs, but that if he did it would appear upon the public proceeding?. 
 
 Being further queftioned, he repeated. That it was impoffible to give any rational account of 
 the origin of the troubles ; and faid, that he was at Muxadavad, at the time Lord Clive was 
 there in July of the fame year ; that enquiry was then made with all poffible attention, but with- 
 out fuccefs, into the motives of Serajah Dowla's conduct from his principal olKcers, and likewife 
 from the officers of his predeceflbr, from the Seats, and every other perfon from whom informa* 
 tion was likely to be obtained. 
 
 Being aflced, whether Kiffindafs was really protefled or not, what time he remained in Ca'- 
 cutta, after Mr. Drake's return, and whether he knew or heard before the taking of Calcutta, 
 that the Nabob demanded Kiffindafs ? he faid, Kiffindafs was permitted to land, but how long 
 he ftaid he could not tell, and that he had heard at that time of his being demanded : he alio 
 faid, he was reckoned to be very rich, and that he had a number of boats, and it was fuppofed 
 he had treafure with him. 
 
 Being further afked, whether Kiffindafs 's coming to Calcutta, was confidered as an efcape 
 from Serajah Dowla ? he faid, it cou'd not be conlidercd as an efcape, becaufe he was coming 
 in his way from Dacca to Muxadavad, where the Nabob was ; he could not form any opinion, 
 whether Kiffindafs at the time he landed at Calcutta, in his way to Muxadavad or Coffimbuzar, 
 knew of the death of Alii Ver di Cawn, or the fucceffion of Serajah Dowla. 
 
 Being afked, whether it was in council that he heard the report, that the Nabob had formerly 
 demanded the delivery of Kiffindafs ? he faid, that he heard at the time that Mr. Drake had re- 
 ceived a letter from the Nabob to that purport, and had anfwered, that no fuither prote<5iion had 
 been given to Kiffindafs, than a permiffion to land in his way to Muxadavad ; that it was either 
 in council or committee he heard it, but could not fay which, and thinks this letter of the de- 
 mand muft have been received while Kiffindafs was in the place ; the witnefs knew of no further 
 demand from the Nabob relative to Kiffindifb, not any demand of any other nature, except a 
 trifling citcumftance of a gentleman having erected a fummer houfe in his garden, which had 
 been reprefentcd to the Nabob as a fortification, but it was explained to the Nabob, and a defitc 
 exprcffed, that he would fend to examine it. 
 
 He further faid, that the Englifh had no intcrcourfe with the Nabob, and affigned no caufc to 
 his knowledge, for coming down againft them. 
 
 Being afked, whether it Is not the cuftom in JRenga', that the Prime Minifter of 3 preceding 
 Nabob or of his fubordinates, (hould (land forth and be amenable to the power of the reigning 
 Nabob, and not withdraw bimfclf; he faid, the nature of the government being arbitrary did 
 
 natu-
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 naturally expefl it, but whether it is the cuftom he could not (ay ; but that undoubteJly if this is 
 refuicd, the Nabobs ufually endeavour by all means in their pa*er to conipil them to be ainen- 
 ablcr. 
 
 The witiicfs kiicv cif no caufe for any complaint of tenants of the Mogul being proteiEled by 
 the Englifn in Ci'cutta, nor of any fuch complaint being tranfini:ied to the factory, either di- 
 rectly from the Nabob or from Mr. Watt-. 
 
 Notice being t.iken, that it appeared by certain proceedings of the governor and council of 
 Fort Saint George, that Mr. Manninghani had objected to federal articles in the various accounts 
 or informations traniinittcd to them frort Bengal, refpeiling the capture of Calcutta ; and it 
 fjrther appearing by the laid proceedings, that in confcqucnce of luch objednons from Mr. 
 Manningham, the fcveral informations were officially delivered to him, in order to (late his ob- 
 jections at that tune ; the witnefs was then alTced, wliether he had ever delivered in any anfwcr 
 upon the reference fo made to him ? to which he laid, that he was deputed by the "overnor 
 of Calcutta, to go to Madrafs, and carried a letter directed to the governor and council at Ma- 
 drafs ; and was commillioned to give thein a further account, by word of mouth, of the Arthurs 
 the faiftory. 
 
 In regard to a mefTenger coming from the Nabob to Calcutta, upon the fubjcft of proteftion 
 given to the Nabob's tenants, and the treatment of that melTenger i the witnels faid, hs Knew 
 of a mt-ffenger coming with a letter addrcfll-d to the Prtfident, and wrote in Perfian, and 
 to the befl of his remcnbrancc, a part of that letter related, as he mentioned before, to Kif- 
 fmdafs ; he does not recollect whether he faw the letter or not, and believed Mr. Drake, upon 
 the mefTL-nger rielivering the letter, ordered him to leave the Town ; he believes an anfwer vva:> 
 fent afterwards, and the purport of it was, that Kifliiidafs was onlv allowed to land, and no pro- 
 tcClion was given him ; the inellcnger, he believed, Itaid b;it a few hours in the Tovvn afttr he 
 delivered the letter ; he was an Hiicarrah, by name as he believes Narranzincr. 
 
 Beii^g askcJ, Whether the anfwer to the Nabob's lett.r was communicated to the Council 
 or v.hether i: was fent as Mr. Drake's private letter ? The Witnefs faid, The purport of botli 
 the letter and the anfwer itl'elf were communicated ; he docs not recollcilt, who the anfwer was 
 fent by, nor how long i: might be after the receipt of the letter, but believer, it mi^ht be the 
 fame day or the day following, and did not recollect the whole contents of the letter. 
 
 Being a ked. If it was the ufual paiftice, when a mtfTeiiger brought a letter from the Nabob 
 to order him to leave the Town without any anfwer fent with hiin ? he faid, it was not nor 
 could he aflign any reafon for fo doing, for the receipt of the letter was not public, nor wa's the 
 treatment of the mefTenger fo. 
 
 In regard to the meafurcs the Faiftory took to pacify the Nabob, after they were informed of 
 his hoftile intention?, the Witnefs faid, Mr. Drake was repea edly defired to write to the Nabob 
 to know the caufe of his rcf^ntment, and that he h.id no doubt but he did fo, but believed he 
 received n.) anfvcr ; amo.ig other methods, Coj t WalTeed, a merchant of confidcrable rank'and 
 fubi'tance, and likewife a tenant of fcveral confiderable farms, was requefted by letters to applv 
 to the NiSub, to kno// the reafon of his refentmenr, and was defirel t'i a<5t as a mediator upon 
 the nccafi in ; it was alfo tried to be informed by means of this C ja Walleed, whether moiiev 
 was the only objeit in view, and, in general, he was requefted to intereft himfelf as well as he 
 could to app-.afe the Nabob ; his anfwer was. That it was not in his power to be of any ufe 
 upon the occafi m, a;il that th-.- payment of a fum of m )iiey was no: the objeft j the reafon of 
 app'ying to Coji WaU'eed, was, tn it he was fup,) ofed to be a man of fome weio-ht, and in fa- 
 vour with the Nibob, from the circumllance of his having entertained him a: hTs haufe when 
 he was Chuta Nabob. 
 
 The Witnefs being afked. Whether he had any reafon to believe, that anv fum of money or 
 prefent was given to Mr. Drake, or any other perfon by Kiitindafs .' he faid,' he did not know 
 nor had any reafon to believe that any were given to Mr. Drake, or any other perfon. 
 
 Being again queflioned, Wh-ther he was lure, that KifTmdafs was not received in Calcutfi 
 before the death of Alii Ver di Cawn ? he faid, he was not fure — And whether the contents 
 of the letter from Mr. Watts, were not to permit KifTindafs to remain two months in the Town 
 and that there was a particular recommendation of Kiinndals's family, as being particularly Cer'- 
 viceable to the Englilh ? he faid, he could not recollect the particular purport of the letter- that 
 in general it was a warm recommendation of Kifliiidafs, as the foil of R.njah Bullub, a m'an of 
 power and intereft at the Durbar, and who might be of ferwce to the afiairs of the Jndia Com- 
 pany at the Durbar, 
 
 Your Committee next called Richard Beecher, Efquire, who was defired to relate what h^ 
 knew of the origin of the troubles in Bengal : And he informed the Committee, Th.it about 
 the end of the year 1755, he was appointed Chief of the fubordinate Factory at Dacca ; that 
 from that time he did not attend at any of the Councils that were held at Calcutta, and of c'ourle 
 could only fpeak of tranfactions that palled there, by report from others ; that at the time the 
 letter of the loth of July 1756, was wrote fiom Dacca, himfelf and the other gentlemen that 
 iigned it, were prifoners to the Nabob, and by his pcrmifTion allowed to refide in the French 
 Factory ; that for fome time before the taking of Calcutta, they had no correfpondcncc with 
 the gentlemen of Fort William, but for intelligence were obliged to truft to the natives of the 
 country, or what the French received from their fettlement at Chandemagore ; that he rhoupht 
 it hi-, duty at that time to forward to the Court of Dircdors, and to the Governor and Couricil 
 at Madrafs, fuch inteligence as he was «ble by thofe means to procure ; that he has lince had 
 
 ^ the 
 
 e 
 
 e
 
 [ 6 ] ' 
 
 the greateft reafon to believe, the accounts tranfmitted to the Governor and Council at Madrafs, 
 then obtained from the French, were greatly exaggerated, and very fallacious in many particulars; 
 that the report of KiilindalVs b.-.iig received and protected in Calcutta, being a caufe afligned by 
 Scrajah Dowla for his difplcafu.-e againft the Englifh, he heard from numbers of people where he 
 then was, both French and natives, and he gave credit to it, and therefore affigued it to the 
 Coiirt of Direftors aj the principal reafon. 
 
 In relation to the affdT of Killindjfs, the witnefs faid, That he recollected to have heard Kif- 
 findal's was received m Cjkuita about the latter end of March 1756, ano remained there till the 
 place was taken by Serajah UowIj, on the 20th of June ; he and Omichund were both prifoners 
 in the Fadory by order of O.i Cj'ovtrnor, as he beUeved : And the Witnefs furth. r faid. That in 
 the fi:udtion the India Company then were, as merchants living under the protedion of the 
 count. V government, he then was, and ftill is, of opinion, that neither KilHndafs, nor any 
 other fiii)je£l of the Nabob, fliould have been received and protected in the Company's fcttlc- 
 menti and he (li.l thinks, that this did give a pretence to Serajah Dowla, to (hew his refent- 
 mrnt aiKiirift the Englifli, but at the fame time he is now convinced, from the many opportu- 
 nities he hath iincc had of converfmg with thole who were at that time principa officers and 
 in hi»h flation about Serajah Dowla, at MuxaJavad, that even if that pretence had n>t been 
 given, he would have marched his army down againll Calcutta; his objed was money, Calcutta 
 was reported to be very rich, and fo were the other Europ- an lettlements of Chandernagore and 
 Chini'uia; Serajah Dov, la was a young man, violent, pallionate, of great ambition, tindlurcd 
 wirh avarice, and he expf£led both wealth and honour, by attacking the European fettlements, 
 and by extorting money from tiiem ; that this appears from h.^ conduct - . aitacking Calcutta, 
 and fiom lie fums he extorted fiom the French, Dutch, and Danes, after that tranfadiion. 
 
 The Wimefs being asked. Whether he ever heard of the Nabob's demanding Kiflindafs after 
 he was received in Calcutta ? he faiJ, he did not recolle(Sl that he he^rd it belV.rt Calcutta was 
 taken, though he may have done fo, but he heard it ("on alter: Thar hi? opinion at that time 
 was, that if Kiflindafs had been delivered up, and a fum of money ollered, the Nabob would 
 not have pr iteeded to the lengths he did in attacking Calcutta ; and he grouaded this opinion 
 in great meafure upon what had been the former cuitom of the Nabobs anJ Princes of that 
 country, whtn thry were difplcafed with the Englifti ; That Alii Verdi Cawn, who was a 
 wife Prince, hud up'-n different occafions fliewn hi> difpleafure and taken money trom them, but 
 appeared alwavs to be U- fenfible of the benefits accruing to his country, bv the trade carried on 
 by the Englifh, that he ptver pr(,ceeded further than to put a Hop to the trade of the Company, 
 and to place ; irces round iheir Factories, by which means he always brought them to the terms 
 he pleafed. 
 
 The Witnefs being asked. Whether he knew of any money unjuftly taken from the Com- 
 pany by Alji Vt! di Cawn, or any troubles arifing from demands of money previous to the ac- 
 ceflion of Serajah Dowla? he faid, he recolletted two initanccs where lums of m^ney were 
 taken, the firft, to the betl of his remembrance in 174+ or 1745, when he made a demand upon 
 all the European fettlements in his dominions, and gave as reafon for it, the great expence he 
 was obliged to be at in maintaining a very large army to delend his ci untry, and thoie who lived 
 under his protection, from the Mharattas, who ule-d at that time almoft annually to invade Bcn- 
 g:il ; that the Englifh Company, at that time, was obli<;ed to p^y three Lack and a half of Ru- 
 pees, as well as he could remember ; and the other European nations in proportion to their 
 trade : — That he recolledls another inftance about the year J 748 or 1749, wnen the Company's 
 trade was (topped, and forces put round their fubordinate Fidtoties fr.r (evca! months, i:. confe- 
 quence of the complaint of an Armenian, who had freighted goods on a fhip under Dutch co- 
 lours, which fhip was taken by Commodoie Griffin or fome of his fquadron, and condemned, 
 as he underftood, for having F'rench prt)perty on board : The Armenian living under the pro- 
 tecftion of the Nabob of Bengal, made his complaint to the Nibob of the lofs of iiis property, 
 and the Nabob infifled on the Englifh making good to him the lofs he had fuflained by that 
 capture : At that time orders from home weie pcrenr.ptory, n .t to comply with the demands 
 made by the country government ; in confequeiice of which, the gentlemen rcfuled to comply 
 with the demand made by the Nabob ; but after ufing their endeavours for feveral months to 
 pacify him, they were obliged to fubniit : That he fuppofes the Company looked upon the de- 
 mand of the three Lack and a half by AHi Ver di Cawn as a hoftiie one, and believed the orders 
 above-mentioned were fent Oi.t in conlequence of it. 
 
 The wltneG being afked. Whether he knew, or believed, that Mr. Drake or any other perfon 
 received money or prefents from Kidindaff, for the proieition given him f faid, he did not know, 
 nor did he believe that he or any other perfon did receive either money or prefents. 
 
 John Cooke, E:iquire, who in the year 1756 was fecretary to the governor and council at Cal- 
 cutta, being called to the fame point as the above witnefTes, gave the following narrative from 
 notes taken by him foon after the tranfadions of that year, and fmce copied with his own 
 hand. 
 
 Alii Ver di Cawn, Nabob of the three provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, died on the 
 Qth of April 1756, and Serajah Dowla took piifTeflion of his government, agreeably to the will 
 and intention of his Grandfather, who had, even in his lifetime, feated him on the Mufnud, 
 and obliged the officers of his durbar to do him homage as Subah ; this paved the way for his 
 being acknowledged and obeyed as fuch, without hefitation or difpute, immediately on the death 
 of the old Nabob : — The only (hew of oppofition that he met wi^h, v/as from the widow of 
 
 Nawah-
 
 r 7 1 
 
 Nawahjifcawn, who had got a Hody of men together to fecure the wealth flie was left iri pof- 
 ftlTion of by the death n{ her hufbanJ, in cafe the young Subah (hould attempt to fcize it : — This 
 Mas foofi adiufled, and her troops difbanded, upon proniife of beiiif; left unmolfltcd in her per/on 
 and riches, by which means all was quiet at the capit;il, and Sera) ih DowLi's authority univer- 
 fally cftiblifhed iu the dependant provinces, except in I'oornea, the Na!)ob whereof (a relation) 
 refuted to truft himfelf in the hands of the young Subah, and therefore would not come to Moor- 
 fhedavad, but kept himfelf in his province ofPoornea, at the head of his army : — This obliweJ 
 Serajah Uowla to take the field very loon after his acceffion to the fubahfhip, .-^nd march up as 
 f;ir as Raja Maul to inrimidate the Poorncan, and f.irce him to come to the Durbar. 
 
 Prefently ntter the deatii of the old Nabob, preiident Drake wrote Serajih Dowla a letter of 
 coi "iratulation on his . cceflion, and delired his favour and protedion to the Englifli company, 
 which was received very kindly, andprcmifes aiven our Vackcel, that he would (hew the Englifh 
 greater marks of frienofhip and efteem than ever hi< giandfathirr had done. 
 
 About this juniSture the company's packet per Delawar was received from Madrafs, by which 
 we found the. : was the grcatell likelihoe'd imaginable of a rupture between u? and France, and 
 the court of directors particularly recommended to the governor and council to be ffrfiStly on 
 their guaxi, and t^' put their fortifieaiions in the bcft rtate of defence they could — In confequence 
 of thele advice;, the line if guns toward? the river was repaired and ftrengthened, and Icim' other 
 trifling works erecftd, pirticularly a redoubt at Perrin''; garden, which had been planned by Co- 
 lonel Scot'. This ciicuiiiltancc is mentioned, as the Subah made it one of his pretences for at- 
 tacking the Englifh. 
 
 It is neceflary to t;ike notice, that one Kiflindafs (who had been in the governmert's fervicc 
 as du.in .ind nalb of Dacca) had embarked himfelf, his women and eftcdt'-, on a large numi'erof 
 boats upon the death o' Nawalijifcawn ^ which happened not long hef.)re that of old Alii Ver di 
 Cawn) and had ihclicrtd hinifc!f from the power ot Serajah Dowla in the woods below Dacca, 
 till he heard that his lather Radgbullubdafs was fet at lilierty, and fceminaly reilored to favour ; 
 then, under pretence cif going upon a pilgrimage to Saugers or J.^gge^naur, he landed himfelf and 
 cfttctb in Calcutta on the i6th of Maich, in his pjfTage down the river, by permiflionof the pre- 
 fiding m< mber ot the board (Mr. Drake being at Ballafore for his health): — This anecdote is 
 likewilc mentioned f r the fame re.ifon as the reparations to our works, becnu'e Seiaj.ih Dowla 
 made ufe of his being fuftercd to live in Calcutta, as another caufe of ofrence, the Ens;li{h givincr 
 protctt'on (lo he termed it) to the feivants of the governinent, by this reception of Kiffindafs in 
 the fetilemcnt. 
 
 As loon as Serajah Dow'a foiird himfelf pretty well effablifhed in the government, he fe.it a ' 
 Hircarrah (Mefl'enger) to demand Killindaf> ; but as the Hircarrah came in a private manner, 
 and dilguifed, into the fettlement, the piefident, Mr. Drake, being then returned fiom B..lla- 
 fore, thought it improper to admit him as a mtfTcnger from the Nabob, and ordered him to be 
 turnco out of rhe bounds. 
 
 Very fiiortly after this tranfaclion the governor received a letter from the Subah, fit^nifying his 
 difplcafure at our repairing our fortifications, or carrying on any new works without firft ob- 
 taining his permiffion, and infilled, not only on our putting a (top to fuch works but on our de- 
 ftro\ ing what was already done : — The governor's anfwer not correfponding with the Sobah's 
 impetuolity of temper, and finding ihat he would not comply with his peremptory orders for de- 
 ftroying our works, h-; took the fudden refolution of forcing us to a conipliancc ; immediarely 
 laid alide his defign of cro/Ting the (ianges to bring the Nabob ot Poornca to real()n, and marched 
 his whole army back to Moorfhed^vad, having firll Tent orders to Rajah Doolubrairt (alias Roy 
 Dooiub) to invert our factory at CoffimbuZar, with a body of horfemen : — Thi-i Hep was followed 
 by a total ftoppage of all our bufinefs at the Aurungs, and the other fubordinate taiffories. 
 
 The 25th of May we received the firft advice of the Nabob's orders for inverting Collimbuzar, 
 and from that time every day brought us frefh intelligence of that factory being furrouiided with 
 the Subah's forces ; and that Serajah Dowla abfolutely threatened to attack them, if wc delayed 
 or rclufcd to deftroy the works we had erected at Calcutta. 
 
 Letter alter letter was difpatchcd to the gentlemen, to order their Vackeel to remonrtratc at 
 the Dunbar, how unjuftly the Subah proceeded againrt the Englilh, in fuffering their enemies 
 to perfuade him they were ereiSting flrong fortification.s when nothing was furth'jr from the 
 truth ; which the Nabob might be fatisfied of, if he would fend a perfm that he could conlide 
 In to Calcutta to fee what we were doing, and report the fame as it really was. Our commu- 
 nication with Coirimbuzar began now to be difficult, and as our lalt advices only fervcd to con- 
 firm the report of the Subah's determination to make himfelf mailer of that Fadlory firfl, and 
 alter that to march againfl the prefidency itielf, a council of war was fummoned on the 5th June, 
 to confiderofthc fituation of Coffimbuzar Factory, and whether it was praiTticable or advneable 
 to fend them a reinforcement. The weaknefs of our own garrifon (which did not then exceed 170 
 efFeclive men, not above 50 or 60 of which were Europeans) determined the majority of the 
 officers, who affillcd at that Council, to declare in wntiiig, that in their opinion, it was im- 
 prudent at that juniRure to aitempt fending up a detachment for reinforcing Coflimbuzar, fur- 
 lounded as it was by the Subah's forces. 
 
 For the reafon already mentioned, as well a<: many other fuhrtantial ones, the Preiident and 
 Council thought it more eligible to promilc obedience to the Nabob's orders, than to rifk the 
 iffuc of a quarrel with him, at a time wc were fo ill prepared in every refpciff, for oftencc or de- 
 fence. A letter to that purport was accordingly inclofed to Mr. W^att?, to be delivered Serajah 
 
 '^ Dowla ;
 
 ( 8 ) 
 
 Dowla ; but the ingrefs to out Factory being totally put a flop to, the Chief nrvcr received th'.s 
 letter. 
 
 While this was doinc at ColTiiiibuzar, the gentlemen were not idle in Calcutta, but exerted 
 their utmoft (as things grew towards a cr.fu) to put the place in as good a pofture of defence as 
 it was capable of, and difpatched feveral Pattamars to Fort Saint George for afliftance. Ordcis 
 were likewii'c fent to Dacca and the other Subordinates, to call in as much of the Company'.s 
 money and efFe£ls that were outftanding as they cou'd, and to hold themfelves in readincfs to 
 embark the fame upon the firft notice, and brnig them to Fort William. 
 
 On the 6th June it was currently repotted ^but nobody knew from whence it arofe) that 
 Coflimbuzai was delivered up to the Nabob. The Governor thereupon ordered a (urvey of the 
 town to be made, and the works neceflary for its defence to be laid before the board by the of- 
 ficers in garrilbn, which was accordingly done the next day : The plan was to throw up a few 
 batteries fronting the principal avenues in the Town, and a line of intrenchment between, which 
 was immediately fet about, and every Cooley employed to get it done: The Militia were fum- 
 moned and exercifed, and every other meafure taken to mamtain a fiege, in cafe the Nabob car- 
 ried things to that extremity. As it was impoflible to receive any reinforcement in time, if the 
 Subah purfued his march to Calcutta immediately, the French and Dutch were applied to for 
 affiftance: The Dutch declined giving us any, and the French only gafconaded with us, by of- 
 fering to join their force with ours, if we would quit our own fettlement, and carry our garrifon 
 and efieds up to Chandernagore. 
 
 At One o'clock P. M. of the 7th June, we received the intelligence of CofTimbuzar Fa£lory 
 being forrendered up to Serajah Dowla on the 2d of that month. This intelligence came from 
 Air. Collet and therefore removed all doubts concerning the lofs of that place, as he was fecond 
 upon the fpot. By his letter it appeared that the Chief had been alTured, that if he would wait 
 on the Nabob in perfon, he might poifibly prevent the Fadory being attacked, which his Council 
 thought it more advifeable for him to do, than to rillc the event of a rupture. — Mr. Watts met 
 with a very different reception to what he expected, and he and MeiTrs. Collet and Satfon were 
 forced to fign a Mutchulka, or obligation, that the Nabob had got prepared ; they had been 
 promifed their liberty upon hgning of it, but found there was no faith to be put on the Subah's 
 word for inftead of obtaining their liberty, Mr. Collet was remanded back to the Factory, and 
 forced to give it up to the commander in chief of the Nabob's troops ; after which he was ag^in 
 carried to the camp, and Mr. Watts and he kept dole prifoners, and treated in a very indiffe- 
 rent manner. 
 
 The feizure of CofEmbazar in this treacherous manner, and his fubfequent proceeding, plainly 
 indicated the Subah's intention was no Icfs than the attack of the prcAdency, and expulfion of 
 the Englifh ; for immediate orders were given to his Generals to march towards Calcutta, and 
 his whole train of artillery brought into the field : — The other Europeans at Chandernagore and 
 Chinfura were called upon to afTifl his forces in reducing Calcutta, and every body at the Durbar 
 forbid to intercede for the Englifh. 
 
 So uncommonly expeditious were the Subah's forces in their march down to Calcutta, that in 
 about 13 days after the furrender of CofTimbutar, the) began the attack of the prefidency icfelf, 
 having in that time marched above 160 miles with a heavy train of artillery, in the hottefl feafoa 
 of the year. 
 
 Hoftilities began on our part on the 12th June, by fpiking up the cannon at Tannah's fort (a 
 fortification belonging to the Moors, a little below the town) and endeavouring to beat down the 
 walls of that battery, which could not however be tfFciled on account of the prodigious hard- 
 nefs of the Pucca work, and the vart thicknefs of the mafonry : — V/hile our people were upon 
 this enterprize, a party of the Nabob's troops from Hughly, with five pieces ot artillery, arrived 
 and obliged our men to return to their fhips : — A fecond attempt was made two days after, to 
 diflodge the Moors from that place, but to no purpofe : the cannon from our country fhips em- 
 ployed in the attack, being too fmall to make any impreflion, or do any mifchief. 
 
 Several letters and meffages palled between the Prefulent and Coja WalTted, in which the 
 latter was defired to ufe his influence with the Nabob in our favour, and authorized to accom- 
 modate matters by giving a fum of money, which it was imagined was what the Subah aimed at, 
 accordin" to the cuflom of his predeccflor, who had frequently I'queczed large (ums from the 
 Europeans under various pretences ; but we were difappointcd in our judgment of Serajnh 
 Dowla's views, and we quickly found he was too much exafperated to be appealed by the ordi- 
 nary method of a prefent. 
 
 On Wedncfday the i6th a firing was heard to the northward, which proved to be an attack 
 niaJe upon the redoubt atPerrins by the van of the Nabob's army who were advanced as far as 
 Mr. Kelfall's garden at Chitporr, and were attempting to enter Cakuita on that fide, bylorcingthc 
 pofl before mentioned. The reception they met with at this redoubt, obliged them to abandon 
 ti»e defign of entering the town at that avenue, and we found their afmy had wheeled off to the ' 
 
 caflward towards Dumdumma, which fide of our town was quite expofed and defentelefs : — It ' 
 
 was hof)ed however, that the men they lolt at Perrins would have cooled their ardour, and ha\a 
 made the Nabob liflen to terms of accommodation : — All Thurfday we were pretty qiiet, except- 
 ing the diilurbance occaftoned by a band ot robbers attending the Nabob's camp, who had en- 
 tered the town in feveral quarters, and plund.ered every houle they came to : — The enemy had 
 now entirely furrounded the town, and on Friday the i8th June in the morning, attacked the 
 entrenchments on every fide with the mufquetcers of their arniy ' Th;;.' had infinitely the advan- 
 tage
 
 C 9 ] 
 
 :tage over us in this attack, as they could fire upon our men from the tops, window?, and ve- 
 randa's of the houles which flood cloie to, and over.ooked, our lines and batteries, bv which 
 means they did a great oVal ofmifchief, anJ annoyed our people lb terribly, that fcarce any body 
 could venture to raife their heads above the cover of the breall works, tor fear of beii'^ killed 
 or wounded; while, on our part, we were obliged to fpend our fire at random, by ^M)ili■i^g our 
 cannon at ihe houfcs they were lodi:ed in, without being certain of their doing execution, though 
 it is molt probable we muft have killed many of the enemy- 
 
 The firing was very hot on botn fides from eight in the morning 1 11 noon, when the enemv 
 ilackened, and made almoft a total cefTation of the attack, for what »ea(bn we could not ttJl : In 
 the afternoon they began with more warmth than ever ; our people were now extremely fa- 
 tigued ; great numbers had been killed, and a far greater wounded ; the enemy poured in multi- 
 tudes from a 1 quarters ; there feemed no hopes of defending the lines under the difadvanta^es al- 
 ready mentioned, the Moors having poUcficd themfelves of every lodgment that commar.ccd thv 
 entrenchment, and in fome places had even penetrated within our works. — In this fituation or 
 things, it was judged expedient to fpike up ail the cannon at the fafcine batteries, and with- 
 <iraw the military and militia ftationed there nearer to the fort itfelf, and to abandon the entrench- 
 ment ; orders were iflued to the feveral poHs for that purpofe, and the fame put in execution to- 
 wards the clofe of the evening. 
 
 No fooner was this perceived by the enemy, than they poflefled themfelves of our lines, and 
 turned one of our i8 pounders at the jail battery againft the fort ; but their little fkiil in manaoin'j^ 
 artillery prevented their doing much oamage with their cannon in any part ofthefie^e; and had 
 
 they ufed their mul'quetry no better, we might have remained very fecure within our walls. 
 
 They now brought up a few pieces of fm.all cannon to p!ay againll the fort, from a little battery 
 <jr breafl work to the fouth eaft ; but what annoyed us mod of all were the wail pieces and match- 
 locks, which they fixed upon the tops of feveral houfes that entirely overlooked the fort, and fired 
 fuch (hoA-ers of balls from them, and that fo inctiiandy, that it became very dangerous to ftir 
 from one part of the factory to another. — Tliis evening (the iSch) it was determined to remove 
 our women on board the Doddalay, and fuch other country ftiips and veilels as were in the river : 
 This embarkation was perfurmtd in the du(k of the evening, but with fo little order, that manr 
 of the ladies (among whom was the governor's wife) were left behind, and fome of them obiiced 
 to remain even till the next day, for want of boats to carry them oft. 
 
 It is eafy to imagme the con'.iernation and confufion that was dilcovered in every countenance, 
 when it was known the enemy had in one day obliged us to abandon thofe works on which we 
 placed our principal dependance, and had flattered ourfelyes we could have defended till a re- 
 inforcement arrived from Madrafs : The inability of our military ot£cers appeared too evident 
 now to expect much from them ; and as the governor was as little qualified toacf in fuch a fitua- 
 tion as the officers, it could not but follow, that all command muii have been in a manner at an 
 end, for want of a proper confidence in thofe who were to be obeyed : This was actually the cafi- 
 and from the time we were confined to the defence of the fort itfelf, nothing was to be teen but 
 diforder, riot, and confufion ; every body was officious in advifing, yet no one was properly- 
 jqualified to give advice ; — The factory was I'o croudcd with Portugueze women and unnecelFary 
 people, that it would have been impofliblq to have found provifions enoui^h for one week even 
 had our walls and garrifon been able to refift the efforts of the enemy. In this fituation it was 
 Jucky for us the .\ioors (who never fight in the nightj fufpended their operations as foon as it 
 was dark, and gave us, by that means an opportunity of confulting and debatin<^ on what was 
 to he dene ; the majority of the military officers gave it as their opinion, that it was impradica- 
 ble to defend the fort with fo fmall a garifon, and fo unprovided with flores for a fie»e, at^ainft 
 the numerous army of the enemy ; the artillery officers reported, we had not powde'r andfhot 
 enough for three days ; our bombs and grenadoes were of no ufe, the fufees being fpoiied bv the 
 dampnefs of the climate, owing to their being filled fome years, and never looked into after- 
 wards. — Thus circumftanced, a retreat to our fliips was by every body judged the moll cliiiblc 
 Hep that could be taken ; but the difpute was, whether that retreat ought to be made imnTedi- 
 ately, under favour of the night, or deferred till the next day, and in what manner to condi;£l 
 a general retreat without confufion or tumult? It was at lad refolved to defer the retreat till the 
 next night, and that all the next day (hould be employed in embarking the Portugueze women 
 
 and our moft valuable effects, by which means we fliould avoid the dilorder we dreaded : Had 
 
 this plan been ftriclly adhered to, and rightly executed, a number of lives would have been favcd, 
 and all thofe dreadful and melancholy confequences prevented, which afterwards happened.— 
 Air. William Bailie, one of the council, who exerted himfeif upon all occafions in a moll difin- 
 terefled and generous manner, undertook to fee the women and cit'ects fent away, and bean the 
 embarkation of the firfl early on Saturday morning. — The enemy renewed their attack with the 
 break of the day, and cannonaded the fort very brilkly from two'or three Uitierent batteries, bc- 
 fides keeping up a hot fire from the tops of the houfes with their wall pieces and fham- 
 fingees ; the Moors preiVed on fo clofe, and in fuch multitudes, that it was deemed more prudenr 
 to call in all the out polls (for we had occupied the church and a few of the aojacent houfes all 
 the preceding night) to prevent their being cut ofiP; the party ftationed in Mr. Ciuttcnden'shoufe, 
 upon leaving it, fet fire to it, to prevent the enemy from making; a lodgment there, as it flood 
 within forty yards of the fadory walls, and we had the fatisfaction foon after of feein» the com- 
 pany's houfe likewife inflames (done we imagine by the enemy) which flood as near the walls 
 «u the other Jlide. 
 
 ^ Un-
 
 ( lO ) 
 
 Unluckily no orJcrs relating to tiie intended general retreat had been puWifhed, and as t'tic 
 rerolution of retreating was known by the whole garifon by report, without the method which 
 hid bjen planned for putting it in execution, many of the inhabitants imagined every body was 
 to Ihift for himlelf, and endeavour to get on board fuch veffel as he conveniently could : Up.m 
 this prefumption feveral left the factory, and made their retreat to the (hips ; which being ob- 
 fcrved, thev were followed by many others, fome of whom had been even ptefent at the con- 
 fultation in which the plan of the retreat had been fettled, but concluding the former fcheme was 
 altered, for confiderations to them unknown, they made the beft of their way to the (hip"; laying 
 ofFthe fort; to add to the general confufion, between nine and ten o'clock the Doddalay (on 
 board of which (hip were iVfeflrs. M. and F.) weighed her anchor, and dropt down to Surman's 
 Garden, the captain of her, it feems, being apprchenlive of her being burnt by the fire arrows, or 
 rockets, difcharf^ed by the enemy upon the veflels in the river ; no fooner was this perceived, than 
 every fliip and Hoop followed the example, and weighing their anchors, left the ftition they might 
 have been of thegreateft (ervice in, by i.ttording an afylurn to the garrifon at their retreat. This 
 ill-iud<^ed circumltance occafioncd all the uproar and misfortunes that followed ; for the moment it 
 was obfervtd, many of the gentlemen on (here (who perhaps never dreamt of leaving the fadory till 
 every body did) immediately jumped into fuch boats as were at the Faflory Stairs, and rowed to 
 the ihips; the Manjces and Dandies of the boats we had fecured, feeing the univerfal confufion 
 that prevailed, and that the fliips weie dropping down the river, thought the danger much 
 greater than it really was, and began to conlult their own fafety, by leaving the (hore and row- 
 ing away as fait as they could, cither to the (hips or to the other fide of the river, maugre a!! 
 thdt could be ("aid or done to prevent thwn. — Among thofe who left the Factory in this unac- 
 countable manner were the governor, Mr. Drake, Mr. Macket, Captain Commandant Minchin, 
 and Captain Grant : — In lefs than a quarter of an hour thofe who pcrfevercd in defending the 
 fort found themielves abandoned by all the fcniors of council, and the principal military officers, 
 and had the mortification likewife to fee themielves deprived of the means of retreating, by the 
 deferlion of the (hips and boats. — As foon as it was known the Governor had left the Fadorv, 
 the gate towards the river was immediately locked, to prevent any further defertion; and the 
 general voice of the garrifon called for Mr. Holwell to take the charge of their defence upon 
 
 ;h'ia). A Council being haiVily fummmoned, Mr. Pearkes, the fenior then on (bore, waved h:s 
 
 •r'"^ht to the government in favour of Mr. Holwell, who thereupon adted in all refpcds as com- 
 mander in chief, and exerted his utmoft to encourage every one. Signals were now thrown out 
 from every part of the fort for the (hips to come up agam to their ftations, in hopes they would 
 have reflected (after the firft impulfe of their panic was over) how cruel, as well as (hameful, 
 it was to leave their countrymen to the mercy of a barbarous enemy ; antl for that reafon we 
 made no doubt they would have attempted to cover the retreat of tholis left behind, now they 
 had fecured their own ; but we deceived ourfelves ; and there never was a fmgle effort made, 
 in the two days the Foit held out after this defertion, to fend a boat or vclici to bring ofF any 
 part of the garrifon. 
 
 Al! the 19th the enemv pu(hed on their attack with great vigour, and having poire(red them- 
 felves of the church (not thirty yards or forty from the c.ilt curtain of the fort) they galled the 
 garrifon in a terrible manner, and killed and wounded a prodigious number : — In order to pre- 
 vent this havock as much as poflible, we got up a quantity of broad cloth in bales, with which 
 we made travcrfes along the curtains and baltions ; we fixed up likewife fome bales of cotton 
 a^ainft the parapets (which were very thin, and of brickwork only) to refilt the cannon balls, 
 and did every tning in ojr power to baffle their attempt, and hold out, if polfible, till the Prince 
 Georwe (a company's (hip employed in the country) could drop down low enough to give us an 
 opportunity of getting on board. — This fhip, had, in the commencement of ho(tilities (on the 
 16th) been ordered up to Perrin's, to a/Eft that redoubt, in cafe the enemy made a fecond at- 
 tack • but after they wheeled their army round towards Dumdumma, the party at that po(t was 
 •withdrawn, as no longer neceflary, and the Prince George direded to fall down to her ftation, 
 oppofite the fouth eaft baftion of the fort : — She was in fight about noon of the 19th, and was 
 row the only glimmering of hope left us to efcape falling into the hands of the Moors : — Our 
 fituation and d7(trels was therefore communicated to the commander of her (Thomas Hague) 
 and he pofitively direded to bring his (hip as near the fort as he could, without lofs of time. 
 Thefe in(trudions were tranfmitted on board by the hands of MefTrs. Pearkes and Lewis, and 
 we began now to entertain fome cxpedation of making a general retreat, notwithftanding what 
 had happened in the morning; but it was oiherwife determined by Providence; for by fome 
 llraiiwe fatality the Prince George run aground a little above the t-idory (owing to the pilot's 
 mifcondud, who loft his prefence of mind) and was never after got off. 
 
 The enemy fufpended their attack as ufual when it grew dark; but the night was not lefs 
 ■dreadful on that account ; the Company's houfe, Mr. Cruttenden's, Mr. Nixon's, Dodor 
 Knox's, and the marine yard, were now in flames, and exhibited a fpcdacle of unfpeakablc 
 terror. We were I'urrounded on all fides by the Nabob's forces, which made a retreat by land 
 impradicable ; and we had not even the (hadow of a profpcd to efFecl a retreat by water, after 
 the Prince George run aground. 
 
 On the firft appearance of dawn, on the 20th June, the befiegers renewed their cannonading, 
 
 tfiey pu(hcd ttie fiege this morning with much more warmth and vigour than ever they had 
 
 done ; about eight o'clock they attempted to break into the fadory by means of fome windows 
 in the eaftcrly curtain, which wc had negleded to brick up ; while every body was intent on 
 
 repel-
 
 ( 'I ) 
 
 repelling thisonfet, an alarm was fpreail, that the enemy were fcaling the North Weft Biftion ; 
 part of the garnfon were thereupon detached to prevent this attempt, and the hotieft hre ef»- 
 ilied tor above an hour, that we had yet feen, on both fides : The belicLjers at len"-th cave over 
 their efforts, anJ retired with great lofs ; but they continued to cannonade very brilkly from their 
 batteries, and with their wall pieces :md mulViuctry did us infinite milchief. 
 
 It was now efteemed moft eligible to endeavour to pacify the Nabob's rcfentinent, and fup- 
 plicate his forgivencis, by the mediation of Monickchund (his principal min^k-r) to whom 
 O.michund, by Mr. Holwell's direction, wrote a letter, requeftmg him to intercede in our be- 
 half, and prevail upon Serajah Dowla to defift from profecuting the attack, and fuficr us to carry 
 0:1 our bulincls as ulual, under his protedtioii : An Armenian undertook to carry the letter to 
 Monickchund, and was fufiered to pal's ; but we never received any anfv^'er. 
 
 About noon there was a fudden ccilation of firing on the enemy's part, from whence vjc con- 
 ceived fomc hopes, that Omichund's letter had been delivered, and was likely to produce the 
 cfFeds we wiftied for. — About four o'clock a ferjeant, ftationed on the front ga:e of the factory, 
 came to Mr. Holwell, and informed him, that one of the Nabob's people had ftept into the 
 ftreet, and with his hand made figns for us to defilt firing : — This circumitancc gave great fatis- 
 faclion, and feemed to promile a favourable end oi' our troubles and dillrefs. Orders were ac- 
 cordingly given for a fulpenfion of hoftilities on our part ; but in Icfs than half an hour intelli- 
 gence was brought to Mr. Holwell, that the enemy were crouding in great numbers under the 
 walls of the fort, to the eaffward and fouthward, whereupon he haftened up himfclf to the fouth 
 eaft baftion to view their motions, directing every one to be at their quarters : ]Jy this time the 
 befiegcrs had been fufrered to advance dole up to the foot of the walls, without a fingle mufket 
 being fired upon them ; and A'Ir. Holwell (ftill imagining every thing would be coinpromifed) 
 forbid all a£ts of hoftility, notwithilanding the enemy prelTcd in Inch multitudes upon us : By 
 way of capitulation or conference he waved a flag of truce, which not being undeiftooJ by the 
 Moors, no regard was paid to it ; and while this was tranfaded to the eaftward, a body of the 
 enemy fcalcd the north wcli baftion, as did another party to the fouthward (where the wall was 
 low) and drove our people from their llations there. — As foon as this was known, a Dutchman 
 of the artillery company broke open the back door of the faftory, and with many others at- 
 tempted to make their cicape that way. — I'he befiegers now poured in great numbers from all 
 parts ; and Mr. Holwell, finding how things were circumftanced, and how impracticable it 
 would be to drive the enemy out of the fort, now that fo many had penetrated within the walls, 
 with the weft gate of it open, and confidering that further oppolition would not only be fruitlefs 
 but might be attended with bad confequences to the garrifon, he and Captain Buchanan deli • 
 vered up their fwonls toa Jemmautdar that had fcaled the walls, and Teemed to act with fome au- 
 thority among the Moors; this example was quickly followed by every body, who threw down 
 their arms, and by that acl furrendered themfelves prifoners at difcretion. The fa<5tory was in 
 a few minutes filled with the enemy, who, without lofs of time, be^'an plundering every thinu- 
 they could fet their hands on; we were rifled of our watches, buckles, buttons. Sec. but no 
 further violence ufed to our perfons. — The bales of broad cloth, chefts of coral, plate, and trea- 
 fure, laying in the apartments of the gentlemen who refided in the factory, were broke open ; 
 and the Moors were wholly taken up in plundering till the Subah entered the fort, which was a 
 little after five in the afternoon, carried in a kind of litter, his younger brother accompanied him 
 in another. Serajah Dowla feemed aftoniihed to find It) fmall a garrifon, and immediately en- 
 quired for Mr. Drake, with whom he appeared much incenfed. — !\Ir. Holwell was carried t^ 
 him with his hands bound, and upon complaining of that ufage, the Nabob "ave orders for 
 loofing his hands, and affured him, upon the faith of a foldier, that not a hair of our heada 
 fliould be hurt. The Nabob then held a kind of Durbar in the open area, fittinn- in his litter 
 where Kiflindafs i(who had been kept a prifoner by us during the fiege) was fenc for, and p'lb- 
 lickly prefented with a feerpaw, or honorary drefs. The Armenians and Portuguife were fet at 
 liberty, and fuffered to go to their own houfes. Between fix and feven Serajah Dowla left the 
 fort, the charge whereof was given to Monickchund, as governor: They fearched every part 
 of the houfe, to prevent treachery ; and in the dnfk of the evening the Muifulmen fung a thankf- 
 giving to Allah, for the fuccels they had met with. 
 
 Hitherto we had fared extremely well ; and as we had been left unmolefted in our perfons fo 
 long, our apprehenfions of ill ul'age and barbarity began to vanifli ; and we even entertained 
 hopes, not only of getting our liberty, but being fufteied to re-eftablifh our affairs, and carry on 
 our bufinefs upon the terms the Subah had pointed out in the Mufchulka Melfrs. Watts and 
 Collet were made to fign : But thele hopes and expectations were very foon changed into as 
 great a revcrfe as human creatures ever felt ; the circumftance of the black hole affair ; with all 
 the horrofs of that night, are lo well known, and fo much furpal's any defcription that words can 
 paint it in, that I (hall fay no more upon that fubject, than that a little before eight we were all 
 of us directed to withdraw, and remain in a place contiguous to the black hole (where ourfol- 
 diers were ufualiy confined in the flocks.) — While we were wondering what this (liould mean 
 and laughing at the oddity of it, a party of fellows came and ordered us to walk into the place be- 
 fore mentioned, called the black hole, a room, or rather dungeon, about 18 feet lonw, and 14. 
 wide, with only two holes, barricaded with iron bars, to let in air, which opened into a low 
 piazza, where a guard was fet : Into this hole we were forcibly crammed about eii'ht o'clock in 
 the evening, and the door immediately locked upon us. — The number of fouls thruft into this 
 <iungcon were near 150, among whom was one woman, and twelve of the wounded officers : 
 
 The
 
 t »2 1 
 
 The heat and ftench prefently grew intolerable ; fome of our company expired very foon after 
 bein r put in; others grew mad, and having lolt their lenfcs, died in a high delirium.— All we 
 eould urge to the^uaid let over us, could not prevail upon them either to let us at libeity or fe- 
 parate us into different pnlons, which vvc dchred, and offered money to obtain, ba: to no pur- 
 pole ; and when we were rele.iled, at eight o'clock the next morning, only 22 came oJt alive. 
 
 The witnefs being afked, Whether he remembered the terms of the Mu chulka, tigned be- 
 tween Mr. Watts and the Na'Job ? he Idid, To the belt of his remembrance it was, wc ihould 
 carry on trade as other merchants, and without any exemption by our firmaund. 
 
 Being afked. Whether he had reafon to believe, that any money or other prefent wa^ given 
 or ordered by Killindafs for the protection given him ? he laid, he did not know or believe that 
 any money or prelcnt of any kind was given by Kiffindals, or any of hi- friends, direiSily or in- 
 directly, to the governor or any other member of ihe committee : He believed, that IVlr. Drake 
 really refufed to deliver up K.iHindal's to the Nabob ; and laid, that Omichund was aprifoner; 
 but was not fure whtther Killinddls was kept in the fadlory againlt his confent or not ; that the 
 reafon of Omichund's being a prifoner, was, that Mr. Drake fufpcdted him of being a fomenter 
 of the troubles; That the only offence with which the Nabob charged KilTindafs, when he de- 
 manded him, was only, that he was a tenant of the Sircar ; he did not know of any other tenant 
 or officer of the country government that was protected at Calcutta. 
 
 'I'he witnefs further faid. That he did not believe the Nabob had any intention of a mafTacre 
 when he confined the Englifli in the black hole; but that his intention was merely to confine 
 them for the night, without knowing whether the prifon was great or fmall ; he faid, 
 that Mr. Hoi well was cairied to the Nabob after he was releafed from the black hole, and that 
 he heard afterwards, that he and three or four other gentlemen were put in irons and fent up the 
 country, and very hardy treated ; that thole who were not conhned with Mr. Holwell were fet 
 at liberty ; that he never heard the Nabob cxpreil'cd the lealt concern at the cataltrophe that had 
 happened in the black hole, but always underflood that he received the account with total in- 
 diflcrence; he likewife underiinod, that the Nabob fent for iVIr. Holwtll before him, to difcover 
 where the treafures were, and that he was extiemelv furpriled to find the treafury lo low ; there 
 was not above jT. 5,000. in the Company's treafury : Taat at the retaking of Calcutta every 
 thine found in the fettlement was rcftured to thole who could make out their claims :— The army 
 and navy did not touch any part of it ; what was found was not of great value ; there was a great 
 deal of the Company's broad cloth, but very little private property. 
 
 The witnefs believed, that upon the lofs of Calcutta, there was not a man who was not ruined, 
 excepting one gentleman, who had remitted part of his fortune home ; and that the lof, of the 
 company^ was very great ; That it was luppofed the reibtution made afterwards was more than 
 equivalent ; a great quantity of the Company's goods were.relWed at the re-capture, both at 
 Calcutta and other places ; and whatever came into the hands of the Sircar was delivered up 
 
 again. 
 
 The witnefs being afked. What anfwer the Dutch and French factories returned to Serajafl 
 Dowla's application tor alliflance, as mentioned in a former part of his evidence? laid. He be- 
 lieved they declined to afliff him. 
 
 Richard Becher, Efquire, being again called to inform the Committee what he knew of the 
 ftate of the company's affairs, after the taking of Calcutta, faid. That in the Auguft following 
 he joined the prel'ident, and other gentlemen, at Fulca, where foon after they had intelligence 
 that Admiral Watfon, with troops from Madrafs, was coming to their aiTiftance ; and when it 
 was judged they might be nearly expected, the council deputed Mr. Watts, him elf, and Mr. 
 Mackeit, to meet the Admiral in Ballalore Road ; that they met him in the month of December, 
 he not arriving fooner. 
 
 Being afked. By whom Calcutta was retaken? he laid. That Admiral Watfon, and the men 
 of war, proceeded up the river ; and that troops were landed; but whether Admiral Watfon or 
 the forces took it, he cannot anfwer. — Ihat fie was on board a (hip that was following the fqua- 
 dron, and that the fliips aflifled in taking it ; and was no judge whether the place wou d ever 
 have been retaken if Admiral Watfon had not been there; that the number of troops landed, 
 amounted to 400 or 450 Europeans, and 17 or 1800 Sepoys; that the Moors left Calcutta the 
 fccond of January, 1757, and that there was no capitulation. 
 
 In anfwer to the queltion. By whom was Calcutta taken poflefTion of? he replied, it was de- 
 livered over by Admiral Watfcn to Mr. Drake. 
 
 Being allced. Whether he remembered the firft idea of fctting up Meer Jaffier, and depollng 
 iierajah Dowla ? he f;iid, he could not be pofitive ; he believed about the month of May, 1757. 
 
 And bcin'j^ afked. If he recolleded what money was ftipulated tr> be given to the Select Cun- 
 mittec, in cafe that affair was brought about ? he faid, J hat his iituaiion confined him to Cal- 
 cutta during the years 1757, 175^5 and 1759, and therefore could not give any anfwer about 
 tranfadions out of Calcutta. — That Mr. Watts, who wa- agent for the Company at Muxadavad, 
 wrote word, that Meer Jaffier would make fome confideration to the navy, army, and others, 
 who ihould be inftrumental in promoting his advancement to the Subahfhip, by way of donation. 
 
 That by others he underftood at that time was Mr. Watts himfelt, who was upon the fpot at 
 
 IVluxadavad ; and that he tould not recollect who was upon the fpot beiides. 
 
 He faid, he was the firft perfon who mentioned the reafonablenels and propriety, that the 
 gentlemen of that committee, who really fet the whole machine in motion, (houlj be I.kewife 
 tonfidercd on that occafion; and in conlcquence, that Mr. Watts was wrote to, to the effed he 
 
 had
 
 ( «3 ) 
 
 had mcntioncJ, viz. That as there were to be donations to the army, navy, &c. it was but rea- 
 fonable the other gentlemen fliould be conlidered : He laid. That this letter does not appear 
 upon the public proceediHjiS. — That he (hould conclude, that on the public fervice, every thing 
 was to be entered by the 6ele(S Committee ; out ihis letter was not To confulered ; the Select 
 Committee conliikd of the Prelident, Mr. Drake, Colonel Clive, Mr. Watts, Mjjor Kilpatrick, 
 and himfclt ; the Committee was appointed by the Court of Direclors, and Colon.l Clive was 
 taken in as fcct>nd. 
 
 1 he Witnefs further informed your Committee, That fo far from any fum beinci; ftipulated to 
 his knowledge, he did not know any thing of the fum till fome time alter Meer JaiHer was efta- 
 biifhcJ in the Subahfhip. — That Ibnie time after, an account was fent to the Conimit:(.e, that 
 Meer Jiffier, thought proper to m.ike prelents to fome particular gentlemen, and the Company 
 had wrote word that they Ihould not interfere in any private donations from the Nabob to the 
 Company's fervants ; that the fums he knew of were to iheGo'/ernor 2 Lack and 80,000 rupees ; 
 Colonel Clive the fame; to the reft of the gentlemen 2 lack and 40,000 each. — That he always 
 undentood the Admiral was conlidered as commander in chief of the navy, in a lum feparate, 
 which he Joes not know the amount of; that he elleemed Colonel Clive as a member of the 
 Committer.-, and did not eft- cm Admiral Waifon as belonging to it ; he believes one gentleman 
 of the- council in Bengal (Mr. Bottom) did fend a Imall fum to the reprefentatives of Admiral 
 Watfon, but he does not know what it was ; — that he knows of no ftipulation for particular 
 fums, but each of the council, who were not mem ^crs of the Committee, received a Lack of 
 Rupees ; thry were fix or feven in number ; an account was lent in writing ; it was a letter di- 
 rected to the governor ; he does not know who it was figiied by, but believes by Mr. Watts, 
 Colonel Clive, and Mr. Manningham; he conlidered it as a private letter, and therefore ap- 
 prehended it was not entered — he knows of no other private donations, but has heard of fuch } 
 he cannot recollecl from whum ; and never difcourfcd with Mr. Watts upon the lubject. 
 
 Being queftioned, Whether, in the courfe of the negociation with Meer Jafiier, he knew any 
 thing of two treaties of the fame date, one real, and the other fictitious .i' the witnels faid. That 
 he apprehended the only trentv Itood publicly upon the Company's records; that while this affair 
 was upon the anvil, Mr. Watts employed a black merchant, refiding at C.dcutta (by name Omi- 
 chund) who infiltcd on havi. g no lels a fum than 20 lack of rupees from Meer Jaffier, in cafe 
 offuccefs; that Mr. Watts rtprcfentcd to the gentlemen in Calcutta, that Meer Jaffior was fo 
 avcrle to the allowing that fum to Omichund, ihat he would rather all treaties fhould be broke 
 oft', than conCcnt to it, or fomething to that etiVcl ; and further reprefented, that he himfelf be- 
 lieved that Omichund was act.ng a double parr, and would deceive both the Englifli and JaiEer. 
 In confcquence of thefe rcprefentations, it was judged by the gentlemen, that Omichund was no 
 way meriting that reward, and therefore they did not infiit on it, but thought it neceflary, for 
 the fecurity and fafety of the Company, to keep Omichund from the knowledge of their lenti- 
 mcnts; in confcquence of which two papers were tranfmitted to Mr. Watts ; in one of which 
 Omichund was mentioned, and in the other not; the dcfign b^ing to prevent the ill conie- 
 quences which might have enlucd, if Omichund got a notion that he was not to have the money. 
 — The witnels believes the two papers were figiied by Admiral Watfon and the gentlemen of 
 the CommittGc. 
 
 Being afked. Whether Admiral Watfon figned the fuStitious agreement, or whether he, at 
 that time, heard of Admiral Watfon's fcrupleing, or refuilng to fign ? he faid. He thinks the 
 fiditious treaty was fent to him to be figned, but does not recollect whether that and the other 
 treaty were tranfmitted to him by writing, or bv mellcnger, or by whom ; neither does he know 
 whether he figned it or not, nor does he recollect that he heard of his refufing to fign it. 
 
 The witnefs further faid, in relation to the tranfaction with Omichund, That he thinks he 
 heard that Omichund infiftcd upen the fum of 5 per cent, on all the late Nabob's treafures, exclu- 
 five of the fum of 20 lacks ; and threitened to betray the whole negotiation, if his demands 
 were not complied with ; that Mr. Watts reprefented the apprehenfions he had of his doing fo, if 
 he was not kept in the dark. 
 
 The Witnefs knows of no letter from Mr. Watts faying, he believed the Nabob's treafures 
 amounted to 40,000,000, and therefore dilVuading the Committee from agreeing to give 5 per 
 cent, upon that fum, but rather to give a fpccified lum. 
 
 The Witnefs being aflceJ, Whether he knew any thing of the additional article to the treaty 
 with Jaffier Aly Khan, faid, he believed the 13th article, or fomethin;^ limilar, was added; and 
 does not recollect the circumftances of tranfmitting the articles to the Direiftors. 
 It is 29 years fince the Witnefs left England in the Company's fervice. 
 
 The next Witnefs your Committee called, was Francis Sykes, hifquire ; who being requefted 
 to inform the Committee what he knew of the tranfaclion with Omichund, faid. That in the 
 year 1757 he was ftationed at the fubordinate factory, called Coffimbuzar, in council ; that he 
 does not know particularly the terms demanded by Omichund ; but beinn; on a vifit to Mr, 
 Watts, he found him under great anxiet/ ; that betook him afide, and told him Omichund had 
 been threatening to betray them to Serajah Dowla, and would have them all murthered that 
 night, unlefi he would give fome afl'urances that the fum promifed him (by Mr. Watts) fliould 
 be made good ; — that upon this vifit Mr. Watts further faid. That he was under the 
 grcateft anxiety how to counteradt the defign of Omichund ; the Witnef. could fo 
 far fay, on his own part, that Omichund's conduct in the whole fcene of that bufi- 
 nefs was always fufptdted, and that he had fpies upon Mr. Watts's conduit — he apprehends 
 
 D that
 
 r u ] 
 
 that nothintr was reduced to paper at that time ; that it was only talked of between Omichund 
 and Mr. Watts, and believes it was only a verhjl promife ; he further faid, That Serajah Dowla 
 was at Muxad.ivad at that time, and was vifited frequently by Mr. Watts — that he (the Witnefs) 
 was in the fervice about 20 years, from 1749 to 1769. 
 Your Committee next called upon 
 Sir George Pocock, to ftate what circumftances he knew concerning the attack upon Chan- 
 dernacrore : — Who informed your Committee, That he did not enter the river Bc/igal with Ad- 
 miral Watfon, but that the place furrendercd to that Admiral ; that it was afrerwaids garrifoned 
 by officers and feamen : And in June a detachment, of a lieutenant, 7 midflJipmen, and 50 
 private men, was fent to Lord Clive. 
 
 The Witnefs was clearly of opinion, Tiiat the revolution could not have been brought about 
 without the afliftance of the King's {hips then in the river ; he does not recollect the number of 
 the King's troops, but thinks there might be about 300. — The Company's troop-j aifiifed in taking 
 the place. 
 
 The right honourable Lord Clive, being defired to relate to your Committe what he knevr 
 of the tranfaclion of the above period, faid, That when he returned to England in 1755, the 
 firit time, the Court of Diredlors folicited him to go out again ; they obtain' d f>r hini his Ma- 
 jefly's commifTion of Lieutenant Colonel, and app iinted him deputy governor of Fort Samt Da- 
 vid, and to fucceed to the government of Madrafs ; but before he went to his government they 
 wifhed him to undertake an expedition of great importance, provided Colonel Scort (who had 
 been ftrongly recommended by the Duke of Cumberland) did n it chufe to und-itake the expe- 
 dition himfelf. — The intent of the expedition was to join the Mharattoes at Bombay, a.nJ in con- 
 junction with them to attack the French, i\ the Subah of the D-can ; for ivhich he carried out 
 three companies of the King's artillery, and 3 or 400 of the Kmg's troops. T.iat .vli n he ar- 
 rived at B )mbay, in the beginning of the year 1756, there Was a irucc between the tvi nations, 
 and Colonel Scott was dead. — He found there Admiral Watfon and Sir Ge uge Pocock wich his 
 fquadron. — It was thought advifeable that thefe trojps (hould not lie idle, and tnat there was a 
 fair opportunity of taking Ghereah, a ftrong fort, poileired by an Eaftern Prince (Angrii) and 
 who, upon all occafuns, very much diftrefl'ed the Company. — That he comniaiided the land 
 troops on that expedition; and Air. Watfon commanded by Tea. — The enterprize fucce ded, and 
 the prize money amounted to ^. 150,000. That although he commanded the land forces, by 
 virtue of his rank, he (hared only as a captain of a man of war. Admiral Watfon thought his 
 cafe fo hard, that he very generoufly offered to make his fhare equal to Sir George Pocock's ; 
 he thought himfelf as much obliged to him for the offer as if he had accepted it, but he declined 
 the offer. — That after that he went to his deputy government at Fort Saint David, aSout April 
 1756 ; that in Auguft 1756, he was called from thence to MadraA, on the new; of the capture 
 of Calcutta. — It was long debated by the council what force (hould be fent to letake Calcutta, 
 and who (hould command it ; it was decided in his favour, and the wifh of every officer that 
 he Ihould go upon that expedition. 
 
 In the beginning of Odtober the troops were ready, and there was received on board Admiral 
 Watfon's fquadron, and other tranfports, about 700 Europeans belonging to the Company, 
 and 1,200 Sipoys. — There was likevvife a detochment ot 250 of Adlercron's regiment, to ferve 
 as marines — "Ihat they embarked about the 15th of Oflober; and after they had been fom.dinc 
 at fea, a council was held on board Admiral Watfon's (hip, to fetcl.! the diftribution of prize mo- 
 ney ; and it was propofed it (hould l>e fettled upon the fame plan as it was at Ghereah. — rh.it he 
 obje£led to it, becaufe he thought it bore too hard upon the military ; and would not content t» 
 a diviUon of prize money upon any other divifnn than of two equal parts, that one half (hould 
 go to the military, and the other to the navy — This was agreed to ; and they arrived in Baliuf ),•■& 
 load early in December ; and it was agreed that the fquadron Ihould go up the river to Calcutta; 
 and he looks upon that attempt to be as daring and meritorious an attempt as ever was made in 
 his Majefty's fea fervice. That they met with fome (light obftrudtions till they approached neaf 
 Calcutta. — When the fquadron came within a few miles of Calcutta, he deded Admiral VVat- 
 fon would give orders for landing the company's troops ; accordingly they were landed ; and at 
 the fame time the Ihips went by water, the roops went by Un-f. — The garrifon of Calcutta, 
 upon the approach of the (hips, and of the land forces, aban ''>i).ni the fort after a few fliot firerf 
 by the fquadron, and a few returned by the fort. — That when he entered the fort at the head of 
 the company's troops. Captain Coote prefented to him a commiffi n from Admiral Watfon, ap- 
 pointing him the governor of the fort. — That he denied any luth.^irity Admiral Watf >n had to 
 appoint an inferior officer in the King's fervice governor of the fo.t, and told Captain Co^ite, if 
 he difobeyed his orders, he would put him under an arrelt. — Captain Coote obeyed, and defired 
 leave to acquaint Admiral Watfon with thefe particular; ; upon wiilch Admiral Watfon lent 
 Captain Spcke to him, to kno.v by what authority he took upon himfelf the command of that 
 fort. — He anfwered, By the authority of his Majefty's commiffion, as Lieutenant Colonel, and 
 being commander in chief of the land forces. — Captain Speke went on board wit dial mellage ; 
 he returned, and brought for anfwer, That if he did not abandon the fort he (hould be fired 
 out. — In anfwer, he faid, he could not anfwer for the confequences ; but tiat he w uld not 
 abandon the fort — upon which Captain Latham was fent ; and when ;he mattn v • >, Jked over 
 coolly, it was foon fettled ; for he told Captain Speks and Captain Latham r^.^jeateJly, that if 
 Admiral Watfon would come and command himfelf, he had no manner of objcition. — That Ad- 
 miral
 
 [ 15 ] 
 
 miral Watfon did come on fhore ; he delivered the keys of the garrifon into his hands, and hs 
 delivered them to the governor and council of Calcutta. 
 
 His Lordfliip further faid. That he was fcnt from Madrafs with a power indepcndant of the 
 governor and council of Calcutta. — He commanded in Bengal as the King's ofEcer and tiie Com- 
 pany's both — The King's troops, when on lliore, were under him ; he was comm.-.ndcr in 
 chiet of the Company's forces in Bcng.i!, by a conuniflion from the governor and council of .\'Ia- 
 draf-^, on his fetcing out on that expediiion. — The goveinor and council of Madrafs h'okcd on 
 the government of Bengal as annihilated. — Thty thought, if he had not the independant com- 
 mand, the governor and council of Bengal would retain the troops which they thoui'ht nactllary 
 fhould return to Madrafs. — He took the command as a military officer. —The governor and coun- 
 cil of Calcutta put their troops under his orders. 
 
 Thit when he came to examine into the ftate of ihe fort, he found it was not defenfible; it had 
 no ditch; the baftions did not deferve the name of baftions ; the fort was furrounded by houfos, 
 within 40 yards of the wall?, which commanded the fortifications. — Tiiat he fu!:;e;<:fted to the 
 governor and council the neceflity of delf roying them, and making a ditch round ;he fort without 
 delay. — That he was convinced that a defenfive war would prove deftru£live. — He defired Ad- 
 mir.-'l Watfon would land the King's troops, to reinforce thole of the Company. — Great part of 
 the forces that went out from Madrafs upon this expedition were not arrived. The Admiral landed 
 the King's forces, amounting to 250 men; and thofe, added to the Company's, niioht mak;; 
 700 Europeans and 1200 Sepoys. — That with thefe troops they took the fieli), at about four 
 miles from Calcutta, and encamped in a flrong fituation, and entrenched thenifelves in ejipecla- 
 tion of Serajah Dowla and his army, who were upon their march to Calcutta. — Serajah Drwla 
 in a few days arrived ; pafi";d within about half a mile of their camp, and encamped his armv at 
 the back of Calcutta. — At the fame time that he was marching to this ground, he made offers of 
 treaty, and intimated to him by letters, that hz wifhed to co.. elude a pe.ice with the Eaif I:iJia 
 Company : — He encamped about fix o'clock in the evening, at the back of Calcutta. — By this 
 time, the terror of his mareli had frightened away all the native-, and his Lordfhip law, that if 
 fomething was not done, the fquadron and land forces would foon be flarved out of the country. 
 That he fent Mr. Wallh and Mr. Scrafton to the Nabob, about (even that evening ; they returr.ed 
 about eleven, and aflured him, they thought the Nabob was not fincere in his intentions for 
 peace, and that he meant tieachery. — That he went immediately on board Admiral Watfon's 
 fliip, and reprtfented to him the neceffity of attacking the Nabob without delay ; and defired the 
 afiiftance of 4 or 500 failors to carry the ammunition, which he aflented to : The f.iilors were 
 landed about one o'clock in the morning, about two the troop- were under arms, and about four 
 they marched to the attack of the Nabob's camp. — It was his intentions to have feized his can- 
 non, and attacked his head quarters ; but when day light appeared, there arofe fo thick a log 
 that it was impolTible for the army to fee three yards before them, which continued ti'l they had 
 marched through the whole army. — He cannot afcertain the lofs the enemy fuffered, but it was 
 reported very confiderablc. — Our Icjfs amounted to about 150 killed and wounded. — That thev 
 continued their march to the fort, where the troops were allowed an hour to re(t, ai'd ordered 
 back to camp. — In the evening Serajah Dowla and his army cot to about 8 or 10 mi'es from 
 them ; he fcnt a letter to him and Admiral Watfon, that he defired to treat with them ; upon 
 which it was agreed to receive his piopofals without delay; and a treaty was concluded, which 
 is upon the Company's records. — The reafon that it was not more advantageous than it was, was 
 that th°y had jult received advice of a war with France, and the French had within the garrifon 
 of Chandcrtiagore almoft as many Europeans as they had in the field ; and if they had joined Se- 
 rajah Dowla before the conclufion of the peace, they mud ha\e been undone ; for there wanted 
 
 only fome intelligent perfon to advifc him not to fight at all, and they fhould have been ruitied. 
 
 While this treaty was carrying on, the French fcnt a deputation to propofe neutrality, it being 
 long debated, whether a neutrality (hould be accepted of. — -Serajah Dowla forbid the En"hfh to 
 attack the French, and declared if they did, he would become their enemy.— That he had no 
 doubt but he would become their enemy the firff opportunity that ofi-l-red, and that he nieani, 
 with their affiftance, to drive them out of Bengal — He fupplied them with money publickly, and 
 fent 1500 men to be ready to give them their afliifaiice. — During this time, a reinforcement of 
 troops was received from Bombay ; and it was taken into confideration by the Committee, whe- 
 ther they fliould undertake the attack of Chandernagore, at the rifk of difpleafing the Nabob, 
 and having his army to encounter. — That the members of this Committee weie,°Mr. Drake, 
 himfelf. Major Kilpatrick, and Mr. Becher : — Mr. Becher gave his opinion for a neutrality. 
 Major Kilpatrick for a neutrality ; — his Lordfhip gave his opinion for the aitaek of the place ; Mr. 
 Drake gave an opinion that nobody could make any thing of; Major Kilpatrick then afkcd him. 
 Whether he thought the forces and (Iquadron could attack""Chandernagr,re, and the Nabob's armv, 
 at the fame timef — he faid, bethought they could ; upon which Major Kilpatrick defired to 
 withdraw his opinion, and to be of his Lord/hip's. — They voted Mr. Drake's no opinion at all ; 
 and Major Kilpatrick and he, being the majority, a Utter was wio'.eto Admiral Watfon, delirins^ 
 him to co-operate in the attack on Chandernagore. — The land foices marched iirff, and bcfLl: 
 the place, made themlelves mafters of the out-works, and crt6fed two batteries, one ;ibout J 20 
 yards ofl the walls, of fix 32 pounders, and another of three 32 pouiHers, about 150 yards 
 off the walls. — By this time tlic fquadron came up the river — Th.it they furmounted difHculcie.'^, 
 which ho believed no other (hips could have done ; and it is impolfible for him to do the officers 
 of the fquadron jullice upon that otcafion : — The pl.ice furrcndeicd to them, and it vyas in a 
 
 greut
 
 ( i6 ) 
 
 great meafure taken by them ; but his L jrdfhip does believe, that the place would have been 
 taken by the army, if the fquadron had n'>t come up : It muft have fallen into their hands, but 
 not (o f'^n.—And he muft fay, Thjt he thinks, if the land forces and Sepoys could have been 
 landed in Calcutta, every event which has happened, would have happened without the aflill- 
 ance of the fleet. That after Chanderna^ore was refolved to be attacked, he repeatedly faid to 
 the Committee, as well as to others, I'lut they could not ftop there, but muft go further : 
 That having eftablifhed themfelves by force, and not by confent of the Nabob, he would endea- 
 vour by fo^re to drive them out ai;ain. — That they had numberlefs proofs o his intenuons ; 
 upon many record-, i and his lordfhip faid. He did fuggeft to Admiral Watfon and Sir George 
 Pocock, as well as to the Committf, the ncceflity of a revolution ; — Mr. VVafon and thr gen- 
 tlemen of the Committee agreed upon the neceffity of it ; and the management of that revcjluiioa 
 was, with confent of the Committee, left to Mr. Watts and him, — Mr. Watts was refideiit at 
 Muxadavad ; he correfponded with him in cypher; and his lordfhip fcnt the intelligence co the 
 governor and committee ; and Mr. Waifon was always confulted, but declined being a member 
 of that Committee. — Great difatisfa£tion arifing among Serajah Dowla's troops, a favourable op- 
 portunity offered, and Meer Jaffier was pitched upon to be the perlon to phce in the room of 
 Serajah DoA-la ; in confequence of which, a treaty was formed, which, aniMiigft others, con- 
 fiffed of the following articles: That £. i,200,C00 fhould be given to the Company;— 
 /,". 600,000 to the European fufferers ; j/'. 600, COO to the navy and armv; about £. /fO.ooo to 
 the natives of the country; and about ^\ 100,000 to the Atmenians. — When this was feitledj 
 his lordfliip remembers, that Mr. Becher fuggelled to the Committee, that he thought that Com- 
 mittee, who managed the ::;reat machine of government, was intiilcd to fomc C'nfideration, as 
 well as the navy, and armyr— -In confequence of which, Mr. Watts was wrote to upon the fub- 
 iecl; but what that confideration wa-, he never knew till after the battle of Pjaffy ; aiid when he 
 was informed of it by Mr. Watts, he thought it too much, and propoied that the Council 
 (hould have a (hare in it ; the fums received were, he believed as Mr. Bechcr had ftateJ. — Upoa 
 this being known, Mr. Watfon applied, that he was intitled to a fhare in th^t money. — He a- 
 greed in opinion with the gentlemen, when this application was made: That Mr. Watlon was 
 not one of the Committee ; but at the fame time did juftice to his fervices, and propofed tn the 
 gentlemen, to contribute as much as would make his (hare equal to the governor'^ and his own : 
 About 3 or 4 confented to it, but the reft would not. That he fent the proportion of the (hare 
 he had received. — Some years ago the heirs of Admiral Watfon filed a bill in chancery, whcreia 
 it was fet forth as a right ; he denied that right, but never had any objedion to add his propor- 
 tion to the reft, it that claim was withdrawn. — The money was paid by inftallments, in the fame 
 proportion as to the army and navy ; a.nd he fent his proportion of the firft inftallment to Mr. 
 Pocock for Admiral Watfon.— The law-fuit dropt, and he has heard no more of it fmce. — His 
 Lordfhip obferved, That at that time there were no covenants exifting ; the Company's arvants 
 were at liberty to receive prefents ; they always had received prefents ; and his idea of prefents is 
 as follows: When prefents are received as the price of fervices to the nation, to the Company, 
 and to that Prince who beftowed thofe prefents ; when they arc not exafted from him by com- 
 pulfion ; when he is in a (late of independance, and can do with his money what he pleafes ; and 
 when they are not received to the difadvantage of the Company ; he holds prefents fo received 
 not difhonourable : But when they are received from a dependant Prince ; when they are received 
 for no fervices whatever ; and when they are received not voluntarily ; he holds the receipt of 
 fuch prefents di(honourable. — He never made the leaft fecrct of the prefents he had received ; he 
 acquainted the Court of Diredors with it ; and they, who are his mafter?, and were the only 
 perfons who had a right to obje£t to his receiving thofe prefents, approved of it. 
 
 His Lordlhip then read to the Committee the following extrad from a printed pamphlet, 
 intituled " A letter to the proprietors of the Eaft India ftock, from Lord Clive," to- 
 gether with two letters thereunto annexed. 
 Every thin<T being agreed on between Meer Jaffier and the fecret Committee, we marched the 
 army to meet'^the Nabob, whom we entirely defeated : — His death followed fcion after, and Meer 
 Tafficr was in a few days in pofteffion of the government, and of a revenue of three millions and 
 a half fterling per annum. — The one half of the fecret Committee being then prefent at the capi- 
 tal and a report made by the Nabob's minifters of the ftaieof the t.eafury, it was fettled, that 
 hal'f the fum Itipulatcd by treaty (liould be paid in thrcj months, and the other half in three years ; 
 all conditionally, that we fupported him in the government. — The Nabob then, agreeable to the 
 known and ufual cuftom of Eaftern princes, n.ade prefents, both to thofe of his own court, and 
 fuch of the Engli(h who by their rank and abilities had been inftrumental in the happy fuccefs 
 of fo hazardous an cnterprizc, fuitablc to the rank and dignity oi a great prince.— I was one a- 
 mongft the many who benefited by his favour ; I never fought to conceal it ; but declared pub- 
 licly in my letters to the fecret Committee of the India directors, that the Nabob's generofity 
 h.id made my fortune eafy, and that the Company's welfare was now my only motive for (laying 
 in India. What injuftice was this to th= Company ? They could expcdl no more than vsh.it 
 was ftipulated in the treaty : Or what injunflion was I under to refufe a , .efent from him, who 
 had the power to make me one, as the reward of honourable fervices i* I know of none ; 1 had 
 lurely myfelf a particular claim, by having devoted myfelf to the Company's .mlitary lervice, and 
 negleiled all commercial advantages. What reafon can then be given, or whit pretence 
 coulJ the Company have to expccl, that I, after having ri(ked my life fo ot en in their fervice, 
 fliou.d deny myfelf the only honourable opportunity that ever offered, of acquiring a fortune with- 
 
 out
 
 ( 17 ) 
 
 out prejudice to them, who, it is evident, would not have had more Tor my having haJ lefs ? 
 When thi; Company had acquired a milhon and a half Sterling, and a revenue of near j(. 100,000 
 per annum, from the fuccefs of iheir forces under my command; when ample reftoration had 
 been made to thofe whofe fotcunes fuftercd by the calamity ofCakuita; and when individuals 
 had, in confcquence of that fucccis, acquired large eftates ; what would the world have laid, had 
 I come home, and reded upon the gcnerofity of the prefent Court of Directors ? — It is well 
 known to every genclemin in Bengal, that the honour of my country, and the intereft of the 
 Company, were the principles that governed all my actions ; and that, had lonly taken the ad- 
 vantageous opp'irtunities that prcfented themlelvcs, by my bein^ commander in chief, and at 
 the head of a vi6t irious army, and what by the cuftom of that country I was intiilcd to, the Jag- 
 hire itfelf, great as it is, would have been an object fcarce worth my confideration. 
 
 The city of Muxadavad i- as extenfive, populous, and rich, as the city of London ; with this 
 diffeunce, that there are individuals in the firily pofTefling infinitely greater property than any in 
 the laft city : Thefe, as well as other men of property, made me the ureateft offers (which ncver- 
 thelcfs are ufup.l upon fuch occaliois, and what they expected would have b.-en required) and had 
 I accepted thefe oiFers, I m glu have been in poffeffi.n of millions, which the prefent Court of 
 Directors cou'd not have dflpolitiled nie ot : but preferring the reputation of the Englifh nation, 
 the intereft of the Nabob, and the advantage of the Company, to all pecuniary confsderations, I 
 refufed all offers that were made me, not only then, but to the lalt hour of my continuance in the 
 Company'^- Icrvice in Bengal ; and do challenge ttiend or enemy to biingone lin^le inftance of 
 my being influenced by interefled motives to the Company's difadvantage , or to do any adt that 
 could reflect difhonour to my cnuntry, or the Company, in any one aition of my adminiftation, 
 either as .'Overnor or commanding ofliccr. — I little expe6ted ever to have had niy eondudt ini- 
 peacned, ir to liave received fuch ireatme.it tiom the Court of Direilors, efpccially after the 
 many public and honourable ttftimonles of approbation I had leceived. 
 
 Copy of Company's letter to Colonel Clive, Match 8, 1758 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Our fentiments of gratitude, for the many great fcrvices you have rendered to this Company; 
 together with the thanks of the general court, have been hitherto ci)nve)cd through the channel 
 of our general letters ; but the late extraordinary and unexpeiiled revolution in Bengal, in which 
 you had fo great a fliare of action, both in the cabinet and in the field, merits our more particular 
 regard; and we do accordingly embrace this opportunity of returning you our moft fincere and 
 hearty thanks for the zeal, good condudi, and intrepidity, which you have fo eminently exerted 
 on this glorious occafion, as well as for the great and folid advantages relulting therefrom to 
 the Eaft India Company: We earneilly wifh your health may permit your continuance in 
 India, for fuch further term as will give you an opportunity of fecuring the foundation you have 
 laid i aslikewifeto give your afliltance in putting the Company's mercantile and civil affiirs on a 
 proper and advantageous footing, upon the plans now tranfmitted. For this purpofe, as well 
 as in confideration of your eminent fervices, we have appointed you governor and prefidcnt of 
 Fort William in Bengal, and its dependencies, in the manner mentioned in the general letter, by 
 this conveyance; to which we have annexed an additional allowance of;^. 1,000 a year, as a. 
 tcftimony of our great regard for you. 
 
 Company's General Letter to Bengal, dated March 8, 1758. 
 Paragraph the 23d. In our letter of the 3d inftant, We lamented the fituation of the many un- 
 happy people who had loft their property on the capture of Fort William, and had no relief 
 from the treaty concluded with the late Nabob : In companion to their futFerings, vve recom- 
 niended your applying to him on their behalf for relief, if you had the ieaft probability of fuc- 
 ceeding. It is with great pleafure we find that the late happy revolution, and your care, have 
 produced what we had very little reafon to expect from the late Nabob, a grant from the prefent 
 Nabob of fuch large fums, to make good the lofles of the feveral inhabitants, as we are fatisfied 
 arc much more than fufficicnt to indemnify them, even with intereft thereon. Although the 
 Nabob gives the Company a crore of rupees, yet, when the immenfe expence of maintainini; the 
 Settlement at Fulta, the military charges of our troops from Fort Saint George and Bombay, 
 and the hazard thofe prefidencies have been expofed to by drawing them otF from thence • the 
 charges of fortifications and rebuildings, replacing ftorcs, increafc of our garrifon, the lofs of a 
 feafon's inveftments, if not more, and many other obvious particulars, are taken into the ac- 
 count, it will appear that the Company will ftill be confiderable fuft'erers. It is highly reafonable 
 therefore, if the feveral inhabitants are paid out of the money ftipulated in the treaty with the 
 Nabob for that purpofe, the full amount of their refpective lolles, together with intereft thereon, 
 that all the furplus (hould be applied to the Company's ufe : We lliall expciit to hear you have 
 aiSted in this manner, and that fuch furplus has been accordingly depolited in our cafti ; and wc 
 direiSt that you obferve this as a rule for your condudt in the diftribution of any further fums of 
 money on this account. We do not intend by this to break in upon any fums of money which 
 have been given by the Nabob to particular perfons, by way of free gift, or gratuity, for their 
 fervices. It is the furplus of the fums we mean, which are agreed to be paid by the Nabob in 
 the 5th, 6th, and 7th articles of the treaty with him. It is thought proper here to acquaint you, 
 that (uch furplufl'es, whatever they are, we propofe to expend in (uch manner, as will tend to the 
 general utility and fccurity of the fettlemtnt ; they arc therefore to be rcferved for our farther 
 
 li orders j
 
 [ »s ] 
 
 orders ; and you are hereby direfled to tranfmit us, for our information, exaaaccou 's of every 
 perfon's Ids, whether Englifh or other inhabitants, on the late capture of Fort William, and what 
 has been paid to each of then in particular, by way of indemnification for the fame, out of the mo- 
 nies granted by the Nabob for that purpofe. 
 
 As to the fiditious treaty, Lord Clive informed your Committee, That when Mr. Watts had 
 nearly accomplifticd the means of carrying!; that revolution into execution, he acquainted him, by 
 letter, that a frefti difficulty had rtarted ; that Omichund had infifted upon 5 per cent, on all the 
 Nabob's treafures, and 30 lack in money ; and threatened, if he did not comply with that de- 
 mand, he would immediately acquaint Serajah Dowla with what was going on, and Mr. Watts 
 fhould be put to death : — That when he received this advice, he thought art and policy war- 
 rantable in defeating; the purpofes of fuch a villain ; and that his Lordfliip himlelf tornied the 
 plan of the fiititious'treaty, to which the Committee confented ; it was lent to Admiral Watfon, 
 who obiedled to the figning of it ; but to the belt of his remembrance gave the gentleman who car- 
 ried it (Mr. Lufhington) leave to fign his name upon it : — That his Lordfliip never made any le- 
 cret of it ; he thinks it warrantable in fuch a cafe, and would do it again a hundred times : He 
 had no interefted motive in doing it, and did it with a defign of di('appointing the expedlations of 
 a rapacious man : — That he never heard that Mr. Watts had mide a promifc to Umiciiund of 
 any money, directly or indirectly : — That when he was laft abro.id, he had given the fame ac- 
 count, which is entered in the public proceedings : — That Omichund was employed only as an 
 agent to Mr. Watts, as having mud knowledge of Serajah Dowla's Court; and had coinmiiTioit 
 to deal with 3 or 4 more of the Court; — Omichund's only chance of obtaining retribution was 
 depending on this treaty: — He did not believe that Omichund was perfonally known to Mcer 
 Jaffier, but through Mr. Warts. 
 
 When the army marched, Meer Jaffier had promifed that he and his fon would j^in them with 
 a large force at Cutwa: — VVhen they arrived there, they faw no appearanc* of f'ttcf to joiii them ; 
 but received letters from Meer Jaffier, informing him, that the Nabob had j''i.<ip.'d.lc<i his dL-iign, 
 and made him fwear on the Koran, that he would not act againft him ; and therefore he coulj 
 not give the promifed affiftance ; but that when they met Serajah bowla in the field, he would 
 then act : — At the fame time Omichund received two or three letters from the Nabob's camp, 
 that the aflair was difcovered, and that Meer Jaffier and the Nabob were one. — That his Lord- 
 fliip was much puzzled ; for he thought it extremely hazardous to pals a river, which is only 
 fordable in one place, march 150 miles up the country, and nfk a battle, when, if a defeat en- 
 fued, not one man would have returned to tell it. In this fituation he called a cou icii of war; 
 and thequeftion he put was. Whether they fliould crofs the river, and attack Serajah Dowla with 
 their own force alone, or wait for further intelligence ? Every member gave their opinions a- 
 gainft the attack, till they had received further mtelligence, except Captains Coote and Grant, 
 His Lordfliip obferved, this was the only council of war that ever he held, and if he had abided 
 by that council, it would have.been the ruin of the Eaft-India Company. After about 24 hours 
 mature conlideration, his Lordfliip faid, he took upon himfelf to break through the oplni.wi of 
 the council, and ordered the army to crofs the river : — He did not recoUedl any memorial froirj 
 Captain Coote upon that occafion, nor was he of rank fufficient at th<it time to have any influedce 
 upon his conduiSt j and whatever he did upon that occafion, he did without reccivmg advice trom 
 any one. • 
 
 Lord Clive further faid, in explanation of the aforegoing evidence. That Calcutta was taken 
 by Serajah Dowla in June 1756, upon the pretence of a black merchant being protected by the 
 Englifli : That Mr. Watts was two or three months employed in the ncgocia;ion of tne revolu- 
 tion; and the correfpondence was carried on entirely between himlelf and Mr. Watts ; that he 
 did not know exactly the amount of the treaiure of Serajah Dowla, but believed about three or 
 four millions ; that the final terms of the agreement between Meer Jaffier and Mr. Watts were 
 not agreed on till a few days before the march of the army ; that Mr. Lulhington was the perfoit 
 who ligned Admiral Watfon's name, by his Lordftiip's order. 
 
 John Walfli, Eliquire, being here called to give an account of what he knew of the fiiStitiout 
 treaty, faid. That he and Mr. Lufliington went together to Calcutta, with the treaty ; a letter 
 from Colonel Clive v/as carried by him and Mr. Lufliington from the French gardens, where the 
 arrny then lay, to the Committee, and he returned with the treaties figned in the evening ; that 
 he cannot recollect whether he went to Admiral Watibrt, nor no.v recolle£l the whole tranf- 
 action .• — He only recollects that the treaties were fent and brought back again : That his idea 
 had always been, that Mr. Watfon refuled to fign the fi<5litiou,> treaty, but permitted Air. 
 Lufliington to do it for him : That the fidtitioui trcaiy was called Lol Coggedge, from licing wiotc 
 on red paper ; and he remembered Omichund was very earnell in his enquiry after that particular 
 paper, after the Nabob was put upon the Mofnud. 
 
 Lord Clive further acquainted the Committee, That all the letters in cypher, which paflcd 
 between Mr. Watts and himfelf, are not entered in the country correfpondence, or any where 
 elfe ; that he had got fome of the letters, but did not know whether he had t.ce letter wherein 
 mention is made of Omichund's demand of 5 per cent, on the trealures, and 30 lack ; that the 
 fiiftitious treaiy, to the bcft of his remembrance, ftated 30 lack and 5 percent, upnn the trea- 
 furcs : — It might be 50 lack for ought he knows: — That he believes the letter relating to the 
 donation to the armv and navy is entered or mentioned in one o; his letters : — He did not le- 
 colle6t what he paid to the heirs of .Admiral Watfon : — That be wrote to the fecret Committee 
 
 in
 
 [ '9 ] 
 
 in England, ftating donations to the navy and army, but not the donations to the Committee. — 
 He wrote a private lc;t:er to Mr. Paine then chairman, in which he mentioned the donations to 
 the Committee ; that he mentioned in his general letter, that the Nabob's bounty had made his 
 fortune ealy : — He knew of no lllpulation by Mr. Watts, for 50 lack, or any other fum befides 
 the donation to the army and navy and feledt Committee ; if there was any fuch fum, it was 
 without his confent or knowledge 
 
 In regard to the fate of Ser<jjah Dowla, his Lordfhip faid, He had been informed, that he 
 (led and took flieltcr in a fackier's houfe, whole no!e and ears he had cut oft' upon a former occa- 
 fion . That there was a brother of Meer J.ifficr's at .'xajamaul (a final! dillance from the place 
 where he took retuge) that this fackicr lent immediate notice to him, that he had Serajah Dowla 
 in his houfe, and he fliould keep him till he could feize him ; that the Nabob's brotner imme- 
 diately fet out wi[h a few attendants, and feizcd him ; and that he was brought from thence to 
 the city, and immediately put to death by Meertiam, Meer Jaffier's fon ; it is faid, without 
 the father's knowlcdi^e ; that his Lordfhip knew nothing of it till the next day, yvhen the Nahob 
 made him acquainted with it, and apologized for his conduct, by faying that he had raifeJ a mu- 
 tiny among his troops ; and this was all his Lordfhip knew of the maucr. 
 
 Lord Clive further faid, in regard to the ficlilious treaty. That he did not recollect wnether 
 Mr. Lufhington brought it back with Mr. Watlbn's name to it ; to the beft of hi^ remembrance, 
 Mr. Lulhington told him, that Admiral VVacfon gave him leave to iign hij name to the fictitious 
 treaty ; he did not recolledt whether Mr. Watioii's feal was put to it, but believes that Mr. Wat- 
 fon'b name and a leal were put to both the treaties before they wcrediip^tched to Mi. Watts, hs 
 i~ not certain whether Mr. Lufhington iigned in his prefence at Calcutta or the French Gardens. 
 Roy Uoulub did not receive 5 per cent, on all the money paid, but on fome of it, particularly 
 not on that which was paid to the army aid navy. —Roy Doulub was one of the Nabob's 
 Generals. 
 
 His Lordfhip being afked, W^hat might be the particular value in money or j:-wels received 
 by him and luch other gentlemen as he may recollect .' faid. He received about 16 lack of rupees 
 clear, after deducting co:nmiih.a:i and all other articles; that he received no jewels, bu: ail in 
 money j that he believed Mr. Watts might receive altogether about 8 lack ; Mr. Walfh about 5 ; 
 there were 3 or 4 more, but could not recjlleft the funis : that he thinks Mr. Scrafton had 2 lack, 
 but is not certain : Thefe donations were given exclufive of the fums Itipulated for the g ntleine.a 
 of the Committee, council, army, and navy: — • That the Iharc he received as co.ninaiider in 
 chief, amounted to about 2 lack ; Major Kilpatrick, he believed, had about 3 or 4 l.ick, exclu- 
 five of the funis Vipulated for the army and Committee ; Mr. Luihiiigton had lomething very 
 trifling, about 50,000 rupees ; Captain Grant of Adicrcron's regiment had one lack. 
 
 His Lordfhip alio laid. That thefe prelents were not paid down at the time, but by iiiftall- 
 ments ; and in a fubfcquent part of his Lordfhip's evidence (which is placed here in order to lay 
 the fubjedt matter more conneiStcdly before the houfe) being afked, by what inltallments the pte- 
 fents, over and above thofe ftipulated for the army, navy, council, and committee, were paid ? 
 he faiJ, that he knew of no agreement, but they were paid half down, and half in about 15 
 months, to the befl of his remembrance : — And being further quehioncd, whether, when the 
 flrft half was paid down, his Lordfhip had any expectation of the remainder f he laid, he had, 
 from the intelligence of Mr. Watts, who acquainted him that the prefent for his fliare would 
 amount to 20 lack, but he received only 16. That lands to the amount of j^. 700,000 a year 
 were mortgaged for payment of the remainder of the money iiipulated for by treaty ; the mort- 
 gage he believed was made about December 1757, or the Jaiuiaiy following : That Sir Geoige 
 I'ocock applied to the Governor and Council by letter, to deliie that they would advance to the 
 navy their remaining half of the 50 iack given to the navy and army, deliring that the Governor 
 and Council would make fuch 2 deduction as they thought reafonablc for the risk of advancirg 
 the money: — That fome fharp letters paflcd upon the occafion ; and to the bell of his remem- 
 brance, he was the only perfon of that Council who objeiSted to that requeft being complied 
 with ; and then, after it had been complied with, he made the fame requefi: in favour of the arm\', 
 and not before; that the money dedudtcd, to the beft of his remcnibiance, was 5 lack, the le- 
 niaining 20 lack was paid down by tie Company for the navy and army. 
 
 As to the 13th article of the treaty with Meer JalTier, his Lordfhip never recol!ci5led till he 
 was lajl in India, that there was a ijth article, 12 only appearing in the directors books ; that he 
 faw no more at the India houfe or in Mr. Scrafton's book, and underftood that particular article 
 had been fuppeflld by Mr. Vanlittart, in order, as his Lordfhip apprehended, that Mr. Viin- 
 fittart might juftify his proceedings in the fecond revolution, as the Company flood bound, by 
 that article, in alliance with Meer Jaffier ; and his Lordftiip acknowledged writing to the Di- 
 rectors on the t5th December 1762, that there was no fuch article to the bi-ft of his knowledge. 
 — And being a^ked at what time it became neceflary for Mr. Vanfittart to liipprel's the 13th ar- 
 ticle ? he faid. Upon the affair of the Dutch, the Court of Diredors enquired whether there was 
 a 13th article, and Mr. Vanfittart fupprefled it as he fuppofes. 
 
 John WalOi, Efquire, being again tailed upon to explain further ihe aff"air of the 13th aitiele, faid. 
 That It is the only one in ihc treaty biiidng up on the Englifh, and the only thii g that could pro- 
 perly have been figncd by them ; that he imagines the copy of it was negieiSed to be taken in the 
 treaty fcnt home ; the treaty witlioiit it is inieiied in the feledt Commit/ee proceedings_as a tran- 
 flate from the Pcrfian, the 12 articles are all in Ferfun, and only the 13th in Knglilh. The Kng- 
 hfh figncd Pcrfian articles as far as 12, which were prefixed to thcKnglifli article. 
 
 The
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 The witne** further faid, That fomc little time after a publication of Mr. Vanfittart's, in 
 which he had treated the 13th article m never to have fubfifted ; he had a converfalion with that 
 :'entieman, and at that tune fhewed him the words of that 13th article, and he confeffed his 
 knowledge, that that article did fubfilt: — That he by no means charged Mr. Vanfittart with 
 having iiipprcfll'd that article, for he believed no copy of it remained among the Company's pa- 
 pers at Calcutta : That he looked over Lord Clive's papers, and there faw a copy of the treaty 
 with the 13th article, in Mr. Lufhington's writing; and that he acquainted Mr. Rous, the de- 
 puty chairman, with the 13th article. 
 
 Mr. Holt, (from the Ealt India hou^c) being called upon to relate what he knew relative to this 
 treaty, and the concealment of the 13th article, faid. That Mr. Gil'am, who had the collecting 
 thofe treaties for parliament, is dead, but that he found a paper in his hand writing containing as 
 follows : 
 
 " In the treaty here refered to, was an article containing the condition of the part of the 
 " Company ; it was not tranfmitted from India to the Company, but is to be found in the 12th 
 " pace of the appendix to the D. memorial ; and as there is no reafon to doubt the authenticity 
 " of it, it is fubjoined to the treaty with the Nabob Meer Jaffier." 
 
 The witnefs further faid. That the treaty now upon the table was copied by Mr. Cray, a clerk 
 ill the office about the year 1767: — And being aflced, whether the original, from which it was 
 copied, was lodged among the Company's paper^- i" he faid. That in the year 175C, a treaty, 
 confilfni" of 1 2 articles, and dated the 5th of July 1757, was received by the Companv m a letter 
 from the lele<Sl Committee at Bengal, to the fecret Committee of the Court of Directors, bearing 
 date the 14th of July 1757; and the 13th article was added when the treaties were called for 
 bv the Hoofe of Commons in 1767. 
 'The witnefs produced the minutes of the Englifh and Dutch commiffaries in 1762, out of 
 which were read the entries marked in the appendix, N° 4. 
 
 Mr. VVaKh was then called upon to explain further the kQ, refpeding hi.' having found a copy 
 of the treaty with Meer Jaffier, wrote in Mr. Luftiington's hand writing (who was, at the time 
 of makinT the treaty, fecretary to Lord Clive) to which there was a 13th article, and what he 
 did in conleqtience f and faid, that he certainly faw among Lord Clive's papers a copy of this 
 treaty, and is very well convinced it was in Mr. Lufhingto.n's hand writing : — It contained the 
 13th article : — That he thought likewife that he took a copy of that I3ih article, and fhewed it 
 to the then chairman and deputy chairman, who he believed were Mr. Rous, and Mr. Dudley, 
 but was not very clear; he could not fay whether this was before the papers were laid before the 
 Houfe of Commons, nor upon what occafion he carried it to the chairman and deputy chairnan ; 
 he believed it was whi!ft Lord Clive was abroad, and was certain it was not fhewed the chair- 
 man and deputy chairman in their public capacity. 
 
 The witnefs further faid. That in the copy in Mr. Lufhington's hand writing, the 13th ar«- 
 tide was by no means diftinguifhed from the 12 others — it was numbered 13th: — What facilita- 
 ted him to recollect that, he faid, was by having recurred to a copy in his hands of that copy, 
 which he fuppofed to be Mr. Luftiington's, 
 
 The witnefs bein^ alked. Whether the firft time he faw the 13th article was the time when 
 he carried it to the chairman and deputy chairman ? he faid. He certainly had feen it before ; he 
 never had an idea, but that that article exifted : — He could only (peak upon fuppofitioii why it 
 was not traiifmitted with the other 12 articles : — The treaty being fent down to Calcutta to be 
 returned with great difpatch, it is likely that after the figning, no copy was taken of it by the 
 gentlemen at Calcutta, who had the tranfmitting of thefe papers to the Company. 
 
 Bein" alked. Whether he recollected any other inftance of an inftrument of fuch importance 
 bein'' delivered over without a copy taken .' he faid. He recollected many inftances of omiflions 
 
 \nd in anfwerto whether he knew how Mr. Lulhington came by his copy .'' he fard, Becaufe 
 
 he was not fo negligent as others ; and that he fuppofes Mr. Lufhington took his copy before it 
 was tranfmitted to the Nabob : — He believed Lord Clive certainly tranfmitted to the Company 
 accounts of that treaty, but not a copy. 
 
 Being afked, If he recollected from what paper Lord Clive copied the 13th article that was 
 fent to Mr. Bifdoni ? he faid. He had no doubt from that copy which he fuppofed to be Mr. 
 
 I,ufhington's . r • n 
 
 Bein>^ further queftioned as to the manner of executing thefe mflruments, and of exchanging 
 them between the contracting parties ; he faid. He concluded only one inftrument was figned by 
 the oentlemen at Calcutta, which was that delivered to the Nabob; and he imagined that in- 
 ftrument contained 13 articles, and that delivered by the Nabob to the Company contained only 
 12 • and that the inftrument containing the 13 articles was figned by the Company alone, and 
 not' by the Nabob ; and that of i 2 articles by the Nabob alone. He further faid. That he ima- 
 gined Lord Clive's letter to the Dutch governor, refpeCting the 13th article, was not entered in 
 the public proceedings at Calcutta : — And being af^ed why not, it being a public proceeding of 
 a very important nature ? he anlwered. That ail he could fay was, that Lord Clive having an 
 independant command from the Gejitlemen of Calcutta, did not in every circumftance trandiiit 
 the particulars of his proceedings to them ; and that in thole times there might have been great 
 irre'-ulariiy in the offices, there being few fervants : — He further faid, That he did not know 
 that this tranfaCtion was not entered upon the books ot the Company. 
 
 In the courfe of the above piocceding your Committee read the fcveral letters, and other papers 
 marked in the appendix, N" 5. 
 
 The
 
 ( 21 ) 
 
 The next witncfs your Comniittee called upon w-as 
 
 Captain Brereton, who was lieutenant with Admiral Watfori in the Kent, in the year i-r- ; 
 and being afked, Whether he had heard Admiral \Vatfon make any declarations coneerning the 
 treaty that was to deceive Omichund ? faid, That he had often heard the Admiral (peak of" it ; 
 that u was propoled to him to fign a fidlitious treaty to deceive Omichund of 30 lack, which he re- 
 fufed to do, as diflionourable to him as an officer, and an affront to propole it to him : That it 
 was then propofcd fomebody (hould fign it for him, which he aU'o refufed, and laid, he Would 
 waih his hands of it, he would have nothing to do with it, he was a ftranger to deception, thcv 
 might do a- they pleafcd. 
 
 Bemg afked, Whether in the converfation he had had with the Admiral on that fubjecl, he 
 had ever heard him fay, that he authorized any perfon to i'lgn the treaty for him r the witnef- 
 iaid, he believed not i that he had often heard him fay, he had not; and would not authorize 
 any body to do it. 
 
 And bemg further alked, whether he believed Admiral VVatfon ever put his feal to it ? he faid 
 He believed not ; he was fure he had too good a heart. 
 
 Being further aPjced, if he knew whether Admiral Watfon, before his death, had ever heard 
 of his name being put to the fiditious treaty ? he faid, He had ; it was communicated to him b'/ 
 Captain Martin, on liis death bed ; and that the fecret Committee had agreed to Ihaie the vj 
 Lck, Itipulated in the agreement for Omichund, amon^ themfelves, and excluding the Admiral 
 of his (hare, becaufe he had not figned the treaty: — The admiral faid, that he always thought 
 the tranfadlion dilhonourablc, and as there was fo much iniquity among mankind, he did not vvifh 
 to ftay any longer among them; this was juft beiore his death, which he believes was thei6th 
 of Auguft 1757 : — The witnef^ faid. He was not prefent at this converfation, but in the next 
 room ; and that it was communicated to him by Captain Martin (who is now dead) the moment 
 he came out of the room. 
 
 Being afked, if he was fure Admiral Watfon did not put his feal to it ? he anfwered, Thar he 
 had heard him fay fo in repeated converfations : — He further faid, That he never heard that Ad- 
 miral VVatfon applied to the lde6l Committee for a part of this money > bu; that alter his deiith 
 bis executors did. 
 
 Being afked, if he ever heard Admiral Watfon mention who was the perfon that propofed to 
 him to iign the fictitious treaty? faid. The Admiral did not mention the gentleman's n-ime ; 
 but faid (with a fneer) it was a member of the fecret Committee. 
 
 As to the Admiral's llgning the real treaty, he never heard him mention it particularly ; that 
 he had heard him fay he thought it an cxtraonlinary mrafure to depcfe a man they had fo late!/ 
 made a folemn treaty with; but that as he was initiuctcd by the King to afford the PJaft India 
 Company alTiftance in their affairs, heaflilled them with his forces according to his duty ; and he 
 always underllood, from the Admiral's converfation, that he did figii the re.il treaty, but never 
 heard him fay whether he approved it or not. 
 
 The witnefs further faid. That he heard of this treaty immediately after the attack ofCutwa 
 which was the beginning of June, and before the battle of Plaily, and it was then talked of, that 
 Admiral Watfon's name was put to the fictitious treaty ; that the Admiral v.-as then at Calcutta, 
 and that he took to his bed about the 8th of Auguft following, as he believed. — That the time 
 when Admiral Watfon made the declaration " that it was extraordinary to depofe the Nabob " 
 was at breakfaft, about the latter end of May, when he gave the witnefs orders to prepare the 
 i.ien who were to a£l with the artillery on fhore; the men who formed the detachment on that 
 occafion were from the King's fhips, and were fent on board the Bridgewater to Chandirna- 
 gorc, to join the army i and, as the witnefs undcrllood, they acted as artillery durina all that 
 canipaign. 
 
 The witnefi being afked, whether he was with the Admiral when he firft heard the report of 
 his name being put to the fidtitious treaty? faid. He was every other day upon dutv wah the 
 Admiral, as the officer who received his orders ; that he never took the liberty with the Ad- 
 iiiiial to mention the uport to him, but that he had heard the Admiral fay it had been put. 
 
 Being afked, whether, iKtween the report of the Adiuiral's name being put, and his tafcin'r to 
 his bed, was not nearly two months, and whether he believed that the firft time the Admiral 
 heard of it was in the converfation referred to with Captain Martin ? he faid. He believed it was 
 about two months, and that the Admiral might know it beiore that converfation, but then he 
 was fure he knew it : That it is impollible he caji rtcollciSt for 1 5 years diftance the precife 
 time of the converfation, when the admiral faid he knew his name had been put to the fictitious 
 treaty. 
 
 Being further aflxcd, whether when he iifed the words of the Adjniral, that he drclaicd he al- 
 ways thought the traiifatition difhoiiouruhle ; he meant that it was difho;iourable to make a falie 
 treaty to deceive Omichund, or to ufe tlie Admiral's hand and feal 10 the treatv when he did not 
 put it himltlf ? he faid. He underltood it that it was difhonourable to make a falfe treaty to de- 
 ceive Omichund. — And being further afkeil, whether before Captain Martin conimunic.ited the 
 fubjeit of Admiral Watfon's name being put to that treaty, it wa^ notamettcr of fulpicion only ? 
 faid. He believed it might. 
 
 Being alio afkeJ, what he undcrflood the Admiial to mean when he faid " he was a flran-'cr to 
 " deception, they might do as they pleated?" he faid, In the tranfaction of the Company's 
 affairs;— .'\nd if he underftood Admiral Watfon to mean by thofe words that they might put his 
 name to the fiftitious tieuty if thi-y pleated, he faid. He did not; he could not conceive that the 
 
 ^'' AJmirnl
 
 ( 22 ) 
 
 Admiral wou!(J give iiis coiifcnt to a:iy tranfaflion tliat he held diflionourabk, that fhould in- 
 linuate his approbation of deception. 
 
 In the courle of the above examination the witnefs was queftioned as to the following points, 
 which the Committee rtfcrved to the iaft to avoid confufion in the ftaieof the evidence; viz. If 
 it hdd not been for the affiihince of his Majefty's fhips and troops he thought the Eaft India Com- 
 pany could have fuccecdcd in liieir diftercnt enterprizes, and particularly in efFedting the revolu- 
 tion in favour of Mecr Jaffier ? He believed not. 
 
 Whether the witnels was not, at the time of Admiral VVatfon's illnefs, fufpeiided his Maje- 
 fly's fervicc .' He never was fufpended. 
 
 By what accident he became commanding officer under the Admiral ? Captain Spcke was 
 wounded in the attack of Chandernagore, the firft lieutenant was killed, the feconJ lieutenant 
 was appointed governor of Chandtrnngore after the capture, the third lieutenant was wounded 
 and he died of hi* wounds, the fouith lieutenant was wounded and fick afhore, the witnefs was 
 Hfth, and then bfcame commanding officer. 
 
 The next evidence that relates to the fiiStitious treaty, and which your Committee therefore 
 think proper to lay befoie the houfe in this place, is that of 
 
 John Cooke, Efquire, who was before mentioned to have been fecretary to the feledt Com- 
 mittee in Bengal, in ih; year 1757 ; and he informed the Committee, that he knew there was 
 fuch a treaty ; that after the battle of Plafly he waited upon Admiral VVatfon with j melliige from 
 the fekct Committee ) that among other things this fiditious treaty was mentioned in conver 
 fation ; that the Admiral faid he had not figned it (Ihruggingup his flioulders) but had left them 
 to do as they pleafed, alluding, as the witnefs fuppofed, to Colonel Clive and the feledt Com- 
 mittee. This converfation, as the witnefs thought, was in July, and the Admiral was then ia 
 good health and fpirits. 
 
 The witnefs further faid, That he had no doubt that the Admiral knew his name was to it; 
 and he underftood, from what dropped from him, that he had fecrctly permitted his n ime to be 
 ufed ; he believed he did not publicly give his confent, but had known of it, and made no objec- 
 tion ; he did not conceive his name could have been put without his pjrmiffion: The conver- 
 fation was only between the Admiral and himfelf; the Admiral, in that converfation, certainly 
 did not exprefs any refentment or fuqirize that his name was put. And being cjiieftioned again, 
 as to the purport of that converfation ? he faid. If he remembered right, when the circumflancc 
 of the fictitious treaty was mentioned, he flirugged up his fhoulders, and faid (laughingly) that 
 he had not figned it, but that he had left it to them to do as they pleafed. 
 
 Being afked, whether it was from this circumftancc that he colledted the Admiral knew of his 
 name being put .'' he faid, it was, and from this circumftancc only : And he further faid. It gave 
 him no furprize that an officer of Admiral Watfon's rank had agreed to have his name put to a 
 treaty he could not fign, becaufe he was convinced the Admiral knew the motives for which fuch 
 a fictitious treaty was made ; and that, though he would not fign it, he had no objedion to 
 Omichund being lulled into a fecurity, and preventing the whole defign from being dilcrovered 
 anil defeated. 
 
 Being afked, if Admiral Watfon told him fo much? he faid. By no means; thefe were his 
 rcafons why he was not furprized. — He further faid. That the Admiral's confent to having his 
 name put to the fiditious treaty was never communicated to the feledl Committee. 
 
 As to the real treaty, the witnefs faid. He had no doubt that the Admiral figned it, and if he 
 remembered right, he fealed it ; he was lure he figned it, but to the beftof his memory he was 
 not prcfcnt ; but he was certain, becaufe the treaty was fent down by Mr. Watts, for the Ad- 
 miral and Committee to execute, and then to be returned to him with all imaginable difpatch j 
 and the treaty was executed by thcCommiitce and Admiral, and returned accordingly : To the 
 heft of his remembrance he did not fee the real treaty after the Admiral had figned it, but thought 
 he did fee it after the Committee had figned it, before it was fent to the Admiral; and that, to 
 the bcft of his recoilciitioii, there was one article in that which was returned to Meer Jaffier, 
 which was not in the treaty which Mecr Jaffier had executed and fent to the Committee, to be 
 kept by them : That it occurs to him the treaties were in Perfian and Englilh, in one he is fure 
 there were both Ferfian and Englifli articles : — That there was an additional article in one of the 
 treaties, which the Committee and the Admiral figned, and that article was in Englifn ; that he 
 believed only one copy of the treaty was figned by Meer Jaffier, which was left with the Com- 
 mittee, and the other copy was figned by the Committee, and fent to the Nabob , and that he 
 iinderltood the diflerence in the treaties were knov/n, and really thought that a copy of the treat/ 
 fent to .Meer Jaffier was kept ; he knew no reafon why it was not fent to the Company ; he 
 imagined it vvrts : — That he was Secretary, but that there were clerks to make copies ; that it 
 was his bufinefs to give the clerks orders what to copy, and to keep the copies; and that if 
 there had been a copy, it would naturally have been in the Secretary's office, under his 
 nianvtgemcnt. 
 
 The witnefs being fliewn the proceedings of the Select Commitea, 19 May 1757, in which it 
 is ordered, that the treaty with Meer Jaffier, then ligiied by the Committee and Admiral Watfon, 
 fhould be entered after the proceedings ; and being afked, if he apprehended he could have al- 
 lowed his clerks to omit entering the 13th article, when it appeared all the other articles were 
 entered after the proceedincs ? he laid, it appeared to him that the tranflatioa entered there was 
 of that treaty which Meer Jaffier figned, m which the additional article was not inljsrted — he 
 could account for it no other way. 
 
 Beins
 
 ( 23 ) 
 
 Being afked, if that treaty, figned by Meer Jaffier, was in his cuftody ? he faid, it was in the 
 office.— He further faid, ihe treaties were fent to Admiral Watfoii imniediatclv alter they were 
 figned, and thought only one part came back to the office, and the other was 'imincdiatelv dif- 
 patched up the country. 
 
 Being a/ted, iiow often, in the courfe of his office, he thought he copied the treatv as it now 
 Aands in the books ? He faid, he did not know, nor did he think he ever copied it him 
 fclf. 
 
 In regard to Admiral Watfon's expreffing any difplcafure at the meafure taken for depofui:' 
 Serajah Dowla, he recollecfs no fuch converfation, nor did he ever hear he was dilplealed ou 
 that account. 
 
 Sir Eyre Coote being called upon to give an actount of the tranfaiSion'; in Bengal, iri the vear 
 1757, that came within his knowledge, faid, That he was at that time Captain of the 3gtli' re- 
 giment doing duty on board the fleet commanded by Admiral Watfon ; that he was a member of 
 the council of war, previous to the battle of Plafly, upon the 2 1 ft of June 1757 ; that Colonel 
 Clive informed the Council he found he could not depend on Meer Jaffier for any thinT more 
 than ftanding neuter, in cafe the army came to an action with the Nabob ; that \ioririeur Law 
 with a body of Kremh vva- then within three days march of joining the Nabob, whofs army, bv 
 the bcft intelligence he could get, was about 50,000 men; and that he called the Council'to- 
 gether for their opinion, whether, in thofe circumflances, it would be priidcnt to come to an 
 immediate adion with the Nabob, or fortify themfelves where they were, and remain till the 
 monfoon was over, and the A4harattoes could be brought into the country to join us ; the queilicii 
 being tlicn put, began with the prefident and cldeft members, whofc opinions were, 
 Againft coming to an immediate action. For coming to an immediate aClron. 
 
 Lieut. Colonel Clive. M.-ijo"r Eyre Coote. 
 
 Major James Fitzpatrick. Captain Alexander Grant. 
 
 Major Archibald Grant. Captain John Cudmore. 
 
 Captain Frederick Gaupp, Captain Andrew Armllronn-. 
 
 Captain Thomas Rumbold. Captain (Jeo. Muir. 
 
 Captain Chiiltian Fifcher. Capiain Rr>bert Campbt-II. 
 
 Captain Charles Palmer. Captain Lieut. Peter Caibirs. 
 
 Captain I^a l^oom. 
 
 Captain R. Waggoner. 
 
 Captain Corneil. 
 
 Captain Lieut. William Jennings. 
 
 Captain Jyieut. Fra'. Parfhaw. 
 
 Captain Lieut. Moltair. 
 The reafons for the witnels's opinion In this council were, That havinn- hitherto met with 
 nothing but fuccefs, which had confcquentiy given great fpiritsto the men, any delay min-ht caft 
 a damp. — 2dly, That the arrival of Monficur Law would not only flrengthen the Nabob's army, 
 and add vigour to their councils, but likewife weaken our force confiderably, as the number of 
 Frenchmen we had entered into our fervice, after the capture of Chanderna<^ore, would un- 
 doubtedly dcfert to their countrymen upon every opportunity.— ^dly. The diftance from Calcutta 
 was fo great, that all comniuni;ation from thence would certainly' be cut ol^", and therefore there 
 was no reafon to hope for fupplies, and confcquentiy the army mufl be foon reduced to the great- 
 eltdlftrefo. — The Witncf. further faid, That if it flmuld be impr^JHcabie to come to an immedi- 
 ate action, his opinion then was, for returning to Ca'cutta, the confequence of which muft have 
 been difgrace to tlic army, and inevitable deltrucUon to the Company's affairs. 
 
 The Witncfs further faid, '1 hat about an hour after the Council broke up, Colonel Clive in- 
 formed him, unalkcd (Captain Robert Campbell, to the beft of his recollection, wa< with him 
 at the time) that notwuhUanding the refolution of the council of war, he intended to march the 
 next inorninjr, and accordingly gave orders for the army to hold themfelves in readi.ief'i, leaving- a 
 lubaltern officer's command in the t'ortot Cutwa; that tlie army confifted of 750 rtien in battalion 
 including lOO Topazze?, 2,100 Sepovs, and 150 artillery, including 50 liailors ; of thefe about 
 J 50, bcndcs failors, might be of the King's troops. 
 
 Sir Lyre Cooic here read a dcfcfiption of the battle of PlafTy, and was afterwards deilrcd, 
 
 by the Committee, to give an account of the attack upon Chandernn^ore, in order to 
 
 fliew the dilterence of lofs when acting againft European or Indian forces ; and it ap- 
 peared, that the lol's was much more conli.lerable, nt the attack of Chanderna^ore. 
 The Witncfs being alked. Whether, at the attack of the Nabob's camp, near Calcutt^, Lord 
 Clive's Secretary, Aid de Camp, and Captain of grenadiers, were not killed ? faid they were, 
 and a great many other officers, and a great many men. 
 
 Being afked, Whether he prefented any memorial to Lord Clive after the council of war held 
 at Cutwa? faid, he never did; on the contrary. Lord Clive fpoke to him liift, unasked, of 
 the army marching, without his having mentioned a word to him upon the (ubic<5t. 
 . Being asked. Whether the (iulors, at the battle of PlailV, belonged to the Company's fhip% 
 or to the men of war !■ he (aid. He believed fome were from the indumicn, but the officers vvlio 
 commanded them were belonging to the nun of war. — The garrifon of Chanderna"nrc was com- 
 pofcd intirely of feamen from the King's ihips ; he could not tell whether the feaTiicn fiom the 
 Jndiamen were not firfl turned over on board the King's fhips ; but he found a minute on his 
 journal, wherein it was agreed, that the officers and lailors belonging to tlic fquadron, which 
 
 were
 
 ( 24 ) 
 
 were with the army ou the expedition to MuxaJavad, were not to fiiare with the army in the 
 prize money, but with the navy. _ . n-n rut--, 
 
 The witncfj bcin"- deiired to give his opinion, whether, without the aflillance of the king s 
 troops and Ihips in the whole o( the tranCaaions in 1757, the enterprizes would have fucceeded > 
 he laid He had no idea that thcv could :— And whether the army under Colonel Clive alone 
 could have taken Chandernagore without the afliftance of the navy and King's troops ? he laid. 
 He thought the probability was againft them, , r l- ■_ , . 
 
 Several letters and other papers relative to the above tranfattions were read, for which the houlc 
 
 is refcrrtd to the appendix, N" 6. 
 Lord Clive obferved, that in a fo mer part of his eviUcnce he had made a mifbkein refpecl to 
 
 the number of the council of war, who on the 21ft of June voted for thj iiniiiediatc attack I 
 
 event 
 ime to 
 
 ^ ^ bera- 
 
 jah Dowla, notwlthftanding the opinion of that council of war, he did imagine that he had 
 not concluded upon the whole plan till 24 hours after, becaufe the troops did not crofs the 
 river to make that attack till the 22dofJune in the evening, and the difcourfe between 
 Captain Coote and him was the 2 lit in the morning. — His Lordfliip alfo obferved, u'ith 
 reward to another part of his evidence, that he certainly fhould not have declared that Ad- 
 mtral Watfon had confeiued to have his name put to the ti£litious treaty, if he had not un- 
 derftood fofrom Mr Lufliington, but that he would have ordered his name to be put, whe- 
 ther he had confented or not. 
 Your Committee take the fame occafion to infert the following extraft of a letter, which a 
 member of the Committee informed the Committee^ he had lately read in Lord Clive's letter 
 book, from his Lordlhip to the lekct Committee at Fort Saint George, the J2th of September 
 
 " It is with the deepeft concern I acquaint you of Admiral Watfon's death ; his zeal for the 
 *' fervice of the Company, and the extraordinary fuccefs it was crowned with, both at Gheriah 
 " and in the expedition, will make his memory, particularly in India, furvive to lateftages." 
 
 The next point of evidence to which your Committee proceeded, was the manner in which 
 Meer Taffier gave Lord Clive his Jaghire. And, 
 
 Francis Sykes, Efquire, a member of the houfe, being requefted to relate what he knew of that 
 tranfaflion, informed your Committee. That he was appointed refident at the Nabob's court on 
 the leave of abfence of Mr. Haftings ; to the heft of his remembrance it was in June or July 
 1758 ; that he was with the Nabob upon bufinefs relative to the Company, when the Nabob 
 fpeaking to him of Lord Clive's expedition againft the Shawzadda, mentioned the fenfe he en- 
 tertaine'd of Lord Clive's conduft towards him, and likewife in reducing the Shawzadda to fuch 
 neceflity as to apply to his Lordfhip to put him under the Englifh protedlion : — He mentioned 
 alfo, that he owed his government to Colonel Clive before, and this was the fecond time he 
 was' indebted to him for^ it ; that he had been a means of having honours conferred on Colonel 
 Clive, in creating him an Omrah of the empire, but that he had given him nothing to fupport 
 thofe honours ; he had frequently had it in his thoughts, but had never entered upon it ferioufly 
 till now ; that he had thoughts of giving him a Jaghire in the Patna province, but found it 
 would be attended with inconvenience to the officers of his government, and that Juggutfeat had 
 fallen upon a method of obviating thofe difficulties, by giving him the quit rent arifmg from the 
 lands ceded to the Company to the Southward of Calcutta ; that he thought it would interfere 
 the leaft with his government, and flood the cleared in relation to the Company's affairs. 
 
 The witncfs faid. That to the betl of his remembrance he mentioned to the Nabob, that he 
 thou'jhtit was a large fum, but the Nabob told him, that it was very little adequate to the fer- 
 vices°he had received from the Colonel, but more efpecially for his behaviour upon the capture 
 of Muxadavad, when the whole inhabitants expetSted to be put under contribution, and that none 
 of them had experienced a conduct of that kind, for that their pcrfons, as well as their properties, 
 were entirely fecured to them, that the Nabob alfo deiired at that meeting, that the witnefs 
 would acquaint him when he heard of the Colonel's coming down the country, and in the mean 
 time he would prepare an inftrument called the Jaghire j that he would give the Colonel the 
 meeting, and defired the witnefs's attendance at the time it was to be prefented ; that the witnefs 
 did attend him, in company with Juggutfeat and other perfons, and met the Colonel two miles 
 to the north of the city, when, after fome converfation betwixt the Nabob and Colonel Clive, 
 the Nabob retired, and Juggutfeat, in the prefcnce of the witnefs, and he thinks of Mr. Scrafton, 
 prefented him, from the Nabob, with the Jaghire. 
 
 The witnefs did not mention who was prefent at this converfation, nor did he take anv notes 
 of it at the time : — No Englifli were prefent except himfelf ; the converfation was in the Moorifli 
 language, which he thought he underftood fufficient for moft converfations. — He further faid. 
 He did not acquaint any perfon, by letter or otherwife, about that time, nor does he know of 
 any notification given to the Company of this grant. 
 
 Being afked, whether the quit rent, granted by this Jaghire, was not payable by the Company ? 
 he faid. It was payable by the Company to the Nabob, and he did not know how it was paid 
 after the grant.— He further faid. Thai he had frequently mentioned this converfation with the 
 Nabob fince he came to Eng'and, and undoubtedly did the fame in India; it was a public adt, 
 nd he believed wa s. iv^n to Mr. Haltings to tranllate into Englifli : — The amount of the Jag- 
 hire was reckoned about/]. 30,000 a year; that he had never any inftru(flions from Lord Clive, 
 
 or
 
 ( 25 ) 
 
 er any other in his name, direifllyor indirectly, to apply for this Jaghire, nor did he ever hear, 
 till of late, that Lord Clivc ever made application to the Nabob fo"r this Jaghire ; he fani, at 
 the lame time he niuft undoubtedly have read Loru Clive's letter to the proprietois upon that (ub- 
 jecT:. 
 
 Ueing afk.d, whether he conceived the inftrument delivered by Jjggutfeat to Lord Clive to bs 
 the Dewan't Sunnud, or an order from the Nabob to the Company to pay the quit rent ? he faid. 
 Whether it Vk'as one or the other he could not anfwer ; that he only favv it iiicloied in a filken 
 ba-, Jiid It was not opened at the time it was prefented to Colonel Clive, and he never law ic 
 opened. 
 
 tor further letters and papers relating to the above tranfsctions, your Committee refer to the 
 
 appendix, N" 7. 
 Lord Clive, in r-vidence to the fame ponu, informed your Committee, that the fir|t letter he 
 ever wrote about a Jaghire, was, to the beft of his remembrance, on the 31ft of January 1759, 
 to Juggutfeat, iniornu.ig him that the N .bob hud made him an Omrah without a Jaohire; 1:1 
 anlwerto which, he rephtd, that the Nabob never granted Jaghucs in Ben'J-al ; that Orixa w.is 
 too poor, but that he might have one in B.diar; and his Lordlhip dec arcd, upon his honoiir, 
 that he never applied tor any Jaghire, directly or indiredly, after that period ; and that when 
 the Nabob prcfented him the Jaghire (which was near fix months afterwards) he did not know 
 what that Jaghire was, had r.ot the L-all idea of the amount of ir, nor of its bei:ig the quit rent 
 upon the Company's lands; and that he did believe the Nabob gave him that Jaghire in confe- 
 quenceof the lerviees he had tendered him, which have been Hated by Mr. Sykes. 
 
 That having looked upon the Nabob's aniwer as an evafive one, and th.it he was not inclined 
 to comply with hisnqucll he never wrote or thought more upon the fubjufl, until he received 
 a fccond letter from Juggutfct, in anfwer to his lirlf, after the fuccefs againit the King's fon, 
 mentioning that the Na J. b iiad turned the thing in his mind, and was willing to grant him a 
 Jaghire m Bengal, but the nacuie of it, where or what value it was to be, he was intirely igno- 
 rant of, till the p.vtent explained it ; Juggutfeat was a banker, and a man ot great iniiuence and 
 weight with the Nabob. 
 
 Your Committee here read a letter from the Seats to Lord Clive, received 4 June 1759, 
 
 which is annexed in the appendix, N*' 8. 
 His Lordfliip being afked, whether he received the benefit of the Jighire from the time it was 
 granted ? he faid. He had received it from July 1759 to this day. 
 
 Being further aflced, whether application was not made to the Nabob Meet Jiffier, for a grant 
 of lands, to the northward of Calcutta, to the amount of ^T. I2,0C0 a year, for the behalf of the 
 Company; and that the Naob refufed this grant till the Company complied with his requeft, 
 to lend him two lack of rupees, and that the Company were alio obliged to make prefents to 
 feveral of the principal officers about him f he faid. It was lb ; and he believed that tianfadion 
 was not above fix, eight, or ten, months after the battle of Plally. 
 
 Being further alked, if he knew that Meet Jaffier about the time of granting the Jat;hire was 
 furroundcd by his troops, who had mutinied, becaufe he could not pay them ? he faid. He cer- 
 tainly knew it. — That the matter of fa6t was, there were great ai rears due to the army by Sera- 
 j.ih Dowla, as well as by Aleer Jaffier, amounting to three or four millions Herling; that it is 
 the cullom of that country, never to pay the army a fourth part of what is promifed them, and 
 it is only in time of diftieis they can get paid at all, and for that rcafon the troops always behave 
 fo ill. 
 
 Being asked, Whether he recollected that before the grant of the jaghire, the Nabob's jewel., 
 goods, and furniture, were publickly fold in order to make good the money he had agreed by 
 treaty to p.iy the Company ? he faid, he had been informed, that the Nabob's jewels amounted 
 to near a million flerling ; about jT. 50,000, worth ot the worft of them were ftnt to Cdcutta, 
 and fold there as part of the treaty money ; that (bme goods were ally to be fold, but the parlies 
 differing as to the value, the Nabob took the goods back again, and paid for them in money. 
 
 Being a!.ked. Whether the Nabob had not granted aflignments upon his revenues, particu- 
 larly the revenues of Burdwan, for payment of the money to the Company, and to the Select 
 Committee, as fettled by the treaty ? he faid. The Nabob m.ide affignments of lands for fulfilling 
 all the articles of the treaty, and alfo for the Committee money, and that there were other lands 
 affigned likewife in the nature of a mortgage. 
 
 His Lordfhip being asked. On whofe application he was made an Omrah .-' he faid, at Mcer 
 Jaffier's ; but he applied to Meet Jaifier to make the application to the Mogul. 
 
 Some days after this evidence was given. Lord Clivc acquainted the Committee, That upon 
 
 recoUciStion he finds he was millaken in the anfwer he made to the above queliion, and 
 
 his anfwer to it now is " By Mcer Jaffier's to the Mogul, and witiiout any application 
 
 " on hisLordlhip'spait." 
 
 Lord Clive, in further explanation of the evidence of Sir Eyre Coote, ftated in a former pait 
 
 of the report, went on to relate; th.it on the 22d June 1757, in the evening, the army crolftd 
 
 the river, and marched all night, amidll incellant rains, until they reached Plafly (Jrove ; and 
 
 early in the morning the army ot Scrajah Dowla attacked them in that fuuation. — That as the 
 
 defcriplion of the battle had been already given in part by Sir Eyre Coote, he (hould only obferve, 
 
 that its being attended with fo littie bloodlhed, arofe from two caufes : Firlt, The army was 
 
 ftieltered by fo high a bank, that the heavy artillery of the enemy couid not pollibly do them mutli 
 
 mifchicf ; the other was. That SerajahUowla had not confidence in his army, nor hi^ army any 
 
 G con-
 
 ( 26 ) 
 
 Confidence ia him, and therefore they did not do their duty upon that occafion.— His Lordriilp 
 proceeded to relate, that alter the army was routed, Serajah Dowla, for the fake of expedition, 
 fled to the city upon an elephant, which he reached that night thirty miles from the field of bat- 
 
 ,]g i^hat the troops puti'ued the routed r.rmy about nine miles, to a place calLd Doudpaur; 
 
 and in the cvenincr Mecr jaffi^r fcnt him word, that he, and many more of the great officers, 
 and a very ronfideTable part of the army, were in cxpeaation of his orders.— That he fent MeilVs. 
 Watts and Sera ton to wait upon him ; and he came to him the next morning, accompanied by 
 his fon made many apol,)2,ies to him for the non-performance of his agreement to join him,, and 
 faid h'is fate was in hi.; hands. That he allured Mecr Jaffier that the Englifli would mofl reli- 
 gioufly perform their treaty, and advifed him to puifuc Scrajah Dowla without delay, and he 
 would follow with the Enghfh army. Th^t when Serajah Dowla arrived at the ciiy, his palace 
 was full of treafure ; but with all that treafure, he could not purchale the confidence of his army ; 
 he was employed in lavifhing confidcra'^le fums among his troops, to engage them to another 
 battle, but to no purpofi .— ADout twelve at night the- fatal news was brought him of Meer Jaffier's 
 arrival a. the city, clokl> followed by the Englifli army ; he then in defpair gave up all for loft, 
 and made hi^ cfcapc ou; of one of the palace windows, with only two or tiiiee attendants and 
 took r.fuEie in th Fackier's houfe, as mentioned in a tc rmer part of this evidence. 
 
 That the f^ii^lifh ..rmy having encamped within about fix miles of Muxadavad; hit Lordfliip 
 fent Mcflr-. Watts and VValfh to coi.graru ate iVteer Jaffier upon his fuccefs, and to know the 
 time when hefhould enter the city ; in conlequence ot which, the day was fixed upon, and he 
 entered the ci'y at the head of 200 Europeans and 500 Sepoys. — That the inhabitants, who 
 were fpectators upon that occaiion, miift have amounctti to fome hundred thoulands; and if they 
 had had an inclination to have Jeitioytd the Europeans, they might have d >ne it with flicks and 
 A' nes. O.'i that day, continued his Lordfhip, being under no kind of redraiit, but that of my own 
 confcience, I might have become too rich for a fubjedt ; but I had fix* d uj.o'i that period to ac- 
 complifli all my views whatever, and from that period to this h-ur, which is a fpace of fifteen 
 year.;, I have not benefited myfelt direilly or indiredly the value of one fhilhng, the Jaghiie ex- 
 cepted ; I have been placed in great and eminent ftations, furrounded with temptations ; the 
 civil and military power were united in me ; a circnmflance which has never happened to any 
 other man before that time, or liiice : The Committee will therefore judge whether I have been 
 moderate or iinmoderate in the purluit of riches. 
 
 Lord Clive went on to relate that a few days after his arrival at the city, Meer Jaffier was 
 placed on the mufnet, and proclaimed Nabob of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, and a day was then 
 fixed upon to coiifider the flate of the Nabob's treafures, and to fee how far he could comply with 
 the treats' immediately ; and after that ftate was known, this matter was left to be decided by the 
 Seats, two men of immenfe wealth, and great influence, and it was agreed th.t half fhouid be 
 paid down, and the other half in three year^. — That at this meeting was Omichund ; and when 
 the real treaty came to be read, the indignation and refentment exprefled in that man's counte- 
 nance, bars all defcription — He faid, " This cannot be the treaty, it was a red treaty that I 
 
 favv." That his Lordfliip replied, " Yes, Omichund, but this is a white treaty." — That this 
 
 important bufinefs being accompliflied, he returned to Calcutta with the army, and the Nabob 
 f'o'jn hecan to feel his own greatnefs, and manifefted evident defigns of fluking off all depend- 
 ance upon the Englifli, and of evading the fulfilling the reft of the treaty. That h ■ difmiflied 
 from his fervice thofa great men who had been the mftruments of his greatnefs, and he put to 
 death the only brother of Serajah Dj.vla. — That as foon as the rains were over, he took the field 
 without the Company's alliftance to quafh three rebellions ; but when he came ferioufly to con- 
 fider of his fituation, he thought proper to call upon the EngliJi for their afliftance ; and that 
 the witnefs marched immediately to join him. — That at the city he had a meeting with the dif- 
 contented chiefs, when he engaged to protedt them in their perfons, and to ufe his influence to 
 fret them reftored to favour. I'hat this was eafily accompliflied, and he then infilled that h: 
 fhould immediately pay down that part of the treaty money, which was then due, and that he 
 fliould afli'^n over lands fufficient in mortgage to fecure the reft. That no difHculty was found 
 in fubduin" all his enemies, except Ramnarrain, who was the Nabob of Bahar ; and at the head 
 of a great army, and would not acknowledge Meer Jaffier without the Englifli fecurity ; which 
 bein<T given, and a promifc made, that he fiiould remain in his government, he came to the 
 Nabob, and paid his obedience. That the country being now juft fettled, he returned to Cal- 
 cutta, with an intention to embark for the Carnatick, and taking the firft honourable opportu- 
 nity of returning to his native country; but in the interim the fhips arrived from Europe, which 
 brought out the very ftrange appointment of four governors, which was called a rotation govern- 
 ment, becaufe one governor was only to be as fuch for three m >nths. — He ha 1 not the honour to 
 be appointed one of thole governors. — Upon which, the gentleman who had that honour, as 
 well as the reft of the council, fcnt him the following letter. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 Our moft feilous attention has been devoted to the commands of our honourable employers 
 per Hardwick, naming a rotation of governors for the future management of their affairs at this 
 iettlement, and having duly weighed the nature of this regulation, with all its attending circum- 
 ftances, a fincere convi(£lion of its being, in our prefent fituation and circumftances, repugnant 
 to the true intercllof our honourable mailers, and the welfare of the fettlement in general, obliges 
 u» (though with the utmoft relpciSl and deference) to believe, that had our employers been ap- 
 prized
 
 ( 27 ) 
 
 prized of the prerent flate of their affairs in this icingdom, they would have placed the prefident- 
 fljip in tn- on.' pcTlo:), as the cleared and ea!i-rt method of conduding their concerns, as well 
 ^sprele.ving and maintaining the weight and influence the late happy revolution has given us, 
 with the Soubati of thel'e provi.xes , on which influence, at the prefent period, the intereit and 
 welfare of the Company depends in the highcft degree at this fettlement. The difficulties we 
 may be liable to by a rotation in the executive part of government, with its confequenccs, arc 
 fuffiiiently obvious ni our prcfc-nt ftate of affairs ; we will however mention onlv a few points. 
 The Treaty of the N.ibob not peifedted in all its branches, the pollelTions of the lands incomplete, 
 the ieiilement in no pofture of defence, the French conliderably reinforced with military and a 
 flee-., their aefigns with reipect to Bengal hitherto unknown, and the impoflibility of impreffincr 
 a proper idea of this divided power in the minds oftiie Soubah and others, of this kingdom, who 
 have, at all tim-s, been accuftomcd to the government of a fingle perfon ; a little reflection will 
 intioduce maiiy more, and clearly evince the necefl^ty of this addrefs. 
 
 The genticm-n nominated governors in the honourable Company's commands per Hardwick 
 have the h.ghell Icnle of gratitude tor the honour conferred on them by our einplovers in their 
 appointment, but deem themfelvcs in duty bound at this juncture of affairs to wavc'all pcrfonal 
 honours and advantages, and declare all their fentiments, that a rotation in the executive part of 
 government, for ttie foregoing reafons, would be extremely prejudicial to the real intereft of the 
 Company ; in which opinion we unanimoufly concur, and judge it f>ithe we. fare of our honour- 
 able employer^, and ot the fettlement in general, to deviate in this itiltance from the commands 
 of our honourable mailers, and fix the prelidentihip in a fmgle perfon, till we hear further from 
 Europe. 
 
 Your being named as head of the general Committee (in the letter of the 3d of Aunuft laf}) 
 eftablifhing at that time, for conducting the Company's affairs in Bengal, your eminent lijrviccs 
 abilities, and merit, together with your fuperior weight and influence with the prefent Soubah 
 and his officers, are motives which have great force with us on this occalion, and all concur in 
 pointing out you, at the prefent, beft able to render our honourable empl;)yers necefi'ary fervice 
 at this jundure, till they Oiall mate their further plcalure kiio.vn by the a^ipointment of a pre- 
 fident tor their affairs here. 
 
 Thcfe reafons urge us to make you an offer of being prefident of the Company's affairs in 
 Bengal, till a peilbn is appointed by the honourable Company ; and we flatter ourftlves you will 
 be induced to accept of our offer from your wonted regard to the ipterift of our honourable 
 employers, and zeal fcr the welfare ol their affairs, which we doubt not you are as well as our- 
 felves convinced, will be n'uch prf judiced by a rotation in the executive part of government. 
 We wait your reply, ^nd have the honour to be, 
 
 8 I R, 
 
 Your mofl obedient, 
 
 and molt humble fcrvants, 
 W™. Watts, 
 C. Manningham, 
 Foit William, Rich'. Btcher, 
 
 26 June, 1758. M. Collet, 
 
 M. Mackett, 
 Tho. Boddan. 
 
 LordCllvc faid, H? did not htntate one moment to accept of this requeft ; and foon after he 
 received his appointment from the Court of Directors thcrnfclvcs, in confequence of the fucccfs at 
 Plaffy. That foon after this appointment, he topk into the moft I'erious confideration the fitua- 
 lion of affairs upon the coaft of Coromandel : Mr, Lally was arrived with fuch a force as threat- 
 ened not only the deitruction of all the fcttlements there, but of all the P^aft India Company's 
 pofleffions, and nothing laved Madrafs from fharing the fate of Fort St. David, at that time, 
 but their want of money, which gave time for flrengthening and reinforcing the place. That 
 however Madrafs was beficged, a;id no words that he can command can do juflice to the gallant 
 behaviour of Lord Pigot, GenerafLawrence, Colonel Draper, General Caillaud, Major Brere- 
 ton, &c. — Thath'.- thf)ught it was his duty to contribute his mite towards the deftruction of the 
 French, and therefore he projecled the fchcme of depriving the F.^ench of the northetii Sircars 
 (whofe revenues were computed to amount to £. 400,000 a year) contrary to the inclinations of 
 his whole council. — Fhat this expedition fucceeded completely, for the French were totally driven 
 out by Colonel Ford, with the Company's troops, whofe cundudt and gallantry upon that occafioii 
 was equal, if not lupeiior, to any thing that had happened during the whole f ourfe of the war. — 
 That in the mean time he was called up the country with the remaining part of the forces left 
 behind, to raife the ficge of Patna, which was bcficgcd by the King's fon. — 'Fhe fiege beinsjj 
 raifed, and the King's fon being drove out of the country, he returned to his government in Cal- 
 cutta, where he had been but a very fhoit time before he received intelligence that the Dutch 
 were forming a great armament from Batavia. — It was thought to be delhne 1 for Bengal ; and it 
 was reported that the Nabob had given them encouragement to conic there; that in the month 
 of Augufl I759» a Dutch fliip arrived in the river full of troops, which circumftance brought 
 matters to a certainty. And here his Lordfliip obferved will be let-ii the ufc of the dou'ule govcin- 
 mcnt ; for foon after arrived fix other Dutch fhips, having on board in all 700 Europeans, .niid 
 800 Mallays. — His Lordfhip faid, he was fcnfiblc how very critical his fituation was at that 
 
 time
 
 ( 2S ) 
 
 time ; that he rifked his life and fortune in taking upon hlmfelf to commence hoftilities agaiiift 
 a nation, with who;n we were at peace ; but that he itnev/the fate of Bengal and of the Com- 
 pany depended upon it, and therefore he ran that risic ; that he called upon the Nabob to fulfil 
 his a'Tcement, and to order the Dutch to leave the river, and if they did not comply with his 
 crdirr's, he refolved under his fandlon to a'tack them : The feven ihips came within a few miles 
 of Calcutta, and then landed near 70O Europeans and 800 Mallays ; that he ordered that gal- 
 lant officer Colone'. Ford, who was returned from the expedition of the Decan, to intercept them 
 in their mirch to Chinfura (theDaich fa^ ory) which he did fo effeaually that of their 700 Eu- 
 ropeans not above 14 got to Chinfura, the reit were cither killed, or taken priloners ; this he did 
 with a force of 300 men, 80O Sepoys, and ab )ut 150 of the Nabob's cavalry ; that he ordered 
 at the fame time thice Eni;iifti Eaft-Indiamen, fitted out anJ manned for the purpofe, under the 
 command of Captain Wiffon, to attack the leven Dutch Eait-lndiamcn ; and after an engaa;e- 
 ment of two hours, they took fix of them, and the feventh was intercepted by two of our fkips 
 that laid lower dow:i in the river, and th.it they took three times the number of men that our 
 (hips contained. — That after this, two treaties were concluded, the one between the Englilh 
 Ea!l-India Company, and the Datch Eaft-lndia Company ; where they agreed to pay to the 
 Eart-India Company all the expences of that war : With the Nabob they made the other treaty, 
 bv whiih they a^reeJ never to introduce forces into his country without hi^ tonfent, and that they 
 would never keep at Chinfura, and ail their other fettlemenrs together, more than 12 j Euro- 
 pean foldiers. The VViinefs obferved, that at this time by nuiuh the greatcft part of his fortune 
 was in the hands of the Dutch ; the Company's trea(ury was lo full m confequence of his fuc« 
 cefl'es, that the governor and council declineJ giving their fervants any bills in their favour, and 
 he was reduced to the nece^ity of fending his fortune home by billi, up'in the Dutch ; that thefe 
 bills were made payable by inltallments, one third part every year, io thit he w..s morally cer- 
 tain that two thirds of the fum fent, which to the belt of his remem 'ra ce was ab--ui /^. 180,000. 
 would remain in the hands of the Dutch, when they heard the nev;. ..f tneir ill fucccls \ii Ben- 
 gal ; bat the Dutch Company refufing to accept of thole bills in the manner drawn, and i-dilling 
 upon a dedudion of near ;(,. 15,000. for prompt payment, or elfe retuling to pay them at all j ^ 
 
 his attornies thought proper, considering the critical iituation of the two nations ai that time, to ! 
 
 acci-pt payment upon thofe terms; his Lord(hip faid. That this defi^n ot the Dutch being fruf- 
 tratcd, he refigned his government to Mr. Holwell, embarked on board a fhip in February 1760, 
 and arrived in England in July. 
 
 His Lordftiip then read to the Committtee the following minutes of the Eaft-lndia Com. 
 
 pany. 
 
 At a Court of Directors, held on Wednefday, February 6, 1754, minutes of the Com- 
 mittee of correfpondence, dated the 5th inftant, being read, it was unanimoufly 
 
 Refolved, That a fword fct with diamonds, to the value of ;^-500. be prefented by the 
 Court to Captain Robert Clive, as a token of their efteem for him, and fenfe of his fingular 
 fervices to the Company upon the coaft of Coromandel. 
 
 At a General Court, held on Wednefday, December 21, 1757, on a motion, and the queftion 
 being put, it was 
 
 Refolved, That the thanks of this General Court be given to Lieutenant Colonel Robfert 
 Clive, for his eminent and fignal fervices to this Company. 
 
 At a General Court, held on Wednefday, September 24, 1760, the Chairman from the Court 
 of Dircdtors informed this Court, That fuch important fervices had been rendered to the Com- 
 pany in the Eaft-Indies by Vice Admiral Pocock, and the Colonels Clive and Lawrence, as ap- 
 pears from the accounts formerly laid before this Court, and lately received, to demand fome 
 further marks of the Court's fenfe thereof, than had been already exprefied ; and moving the 
 Court thereupon, it was, on the queftion, 
 
 Refolved, unanimoufly. That the thanks of this court be given to Vice Admiral Pocock, Co- 
 lonel Robert Clive, and Colonel Stringer Lawrence, for their moft eminent and fignal fervices 
 to this Company. 
 
 And ancther motion being made ; 
 
 Ordered, That the chairman and deputy chairman wait upon thofe gentlemen, and acquaint 
 them with this mark of this Court's great regard for their lervices. 
 
 And another being made, it was, on the queftion, 
 
 Refolved, unanimoufly, That the chairman and deputy, when they wait upon Vice Admiral 
 Pococke, Colonel Clive, and Colonel Lawrence, will dcfire thofe gentlemen to give their con- 
 fcnt that their portraits or ftatues be taken, in order to be placed in fome conlpicuous parts of this 
 houfe, that their eminent and fignal fervices to th:s Company may be ever had in remembrance. 
 
 His Lorufhip likewife read the following Ic'.tjr. 
 
 To Robert Clive, Efquire, 
 
 S I R, 
 
 We have received your feveral letters of the 23d, 24th, 25th, and 26th inftant, and with 
 great pleafure obferve and congratulate you on the rapid fuccels therein mentioned. — The revolu- 
 tion effected by your gallant condud, and the bravery of the officers and foldiers under you, is of 
 txtraordinary importance, not only to the Company but to the Britifh nation in general ; that 
 y,e think it incumbent to return you and your officers our fincere thanks on behalf of his 
 
 Biitannic
 
 ( »9 ) 
 
 Britannic Majefty, and the Eaft India Company, for your behaviour on this critical and import- 
 ant OCCiflDII. 
 
 Although in your laft letter Jaffier Ally Khan is ftiled Nabob, yet we have not ventured on that 
 authoriiy to make any public rejoicings for him, as Subah of thefe provinces ; we flioujd be glad 
 lherel<.'rc to be informed in your next letter, it he has been proclaimed in form, and is in poiVellion 
 of the _ovL-rnment. This will very much add to our fatiifadtion, and give us a proper opening to 
 adddr.;.- him as the Subah, proclaim him fuch in our town, and I'alute his acceflion. — We have 
 the honour to be, 
 
 S I R, 
 
 Your moft obedient, 
 
 and moft humble fcrvants, 
 
 Cha'. Watfon, 
 G. Pocock, 
 Fort William, Roger Drake, junior, 
 
 29 June, 1757. C. Manningham, 
 
 Rich'. Becher. 
 His Lordfliip being afked, whether from a. review of all the tranfaiStions of the period when the 
 Dutch armament came to Bengal in 1759, he believes they were invited by Meer Jaffier, or not? 
 Hi (aid, He ri 'd no proof for what he was going to offer to the Committee, but thut he be- 
 lieved, when irom p ilitical motives, he iound himfelf obhged to lay the Nabob under rtftramts, 
 which were by no mtans agreeable to him, that he did by iome means or other, give encourage- 
 ment to the Dutch, to fend for thofe forces ; but he believed at the fame time, that after the (er- 
 vices which he had rendered him, by raiiing the fiege of Paina, and when his life was faved from 
 the mutiny of his own army, that he repented of what he had done^ for he was down with hira 
 at Calcutta, to the beft of his remembrance, at the time the Dutch armament arrived, and 
 feemed very ready to fall into every meafure which he recommended ; that however, from his 
 timid conduct towards the Dutch, even at that time, he was confirmed in his fufpicions of his 
 having given the Dutch (bme fuch invitation. 
 
 Some days after this evidence was given. Lord Clive acquainted the Committee, that 
 having recolle(3ed an omifTion in his evidence ; he defired the following words to be in- 
 ferted after his account of the tranfaftions with the Dutch 
 ** After thefe two treaties were concluded, one between the Englifli Eaft India Company, 
 " and the Dutch Eaft India Company, wherein the Dutch acknowledged themlelves 
 *• to have been the aggreilbrs, and agreed to pay to the Enghlh Company all the ex- 
 *' pences of the war; we returned to them all their fhips, together with all the trea- 
 *' fure and effects on board, amounting by computation to about half a million fter« 
 " ling." 
 Being further queftioned, whether from any fubfequent negociations of the Dutch Eaft India 
 Company, his Lordfhip was confirmed in the opinion of Meer Jaffier 's having encouraged them to 
 come to Bengal ? 
 
 He faid. He did believe the Nabob had invited the Dutch from this circumftance ; that upon 
 liis return to his capital, he either paid them a vifit, or received a vilit from them, and treated 
 them with fuch civility as ferved to confirm his fufpicion ; that there is reafon to believe that 
 he connived at their raifing troops in the country ; and when he was taxed with it, he pleaded 
 Ignorance. 
 
 Being afked, whether the Nabob's cavalry had any fhare in the adtion with the Dutch ? 
 He faid. They had in the purfult, and killed a great many men. 
 Whether the European troops in the Dutch fervice are Dutchmen ? 
 
 They are not; generally fpeaking they are Germans j their officers were both French and 
 Dutch ; their commanding officer was a Frenchman. 
 
 Being afked, whether when he went to raife the fiege, he had any intercourfe with the Nabob ? 
 He faid. Certainly ; his fon joined him with 8,000 men ; and he thinks it was about February 
 or March 1759. 
 
 Your Committee having clofed the evidence upon the hiftorical part of the firft period of 
 their enquiry ; in the opening of the examination into the fijcond period, read the papers^ 
 which are annexed in the appendix, N" 9. 
 Your Committee then called upon Colonel Caillaud,to give an account of what he knew of the 
 tranfadions preceding the revolution in 1760, and what induced him to confent to that revolu- 
 tion. And he informed the Committee, That he was called to Bengal in November fsg, to 
 take the command of the troops in the room of Lord Clive, who intended to return to Europe 
 early the next feafon ; that he arrived two days after the affair of the Dutch, and upon his t.11- 
 quiring theftatc of affairs of that country at that time, was informed, that the Prince (called the 
 bhauzadda) was again preparing to enter the province of Bahar, with a large army, and joined by 
 fcveral Zemindars of that province, who had not taken part with him the year before. — That 
 the Nabob of Purnea had taken the field on the eaftern bank of the Ganges about halfway be- 
 tween Patna and Muxadavad, and his motives for fo doing were thought to be an inclination of 
 joining the Prince, if a favourable opportunity offered. — Lord Clive judged it therefore expedient 
 that he (hould march with a detachment to Muxadavad, there to wait his arrival, and his orders. 
 —That he fct out from Calcutta in December, with the detachment of 300 Europeans, 50 ar- 
 tillery, 6 pieces of cannon, and a ba;talion of Sepoys, confifting of about 1000 men, and arrived 
 
 H at
 
 ( 30 ) 
 
 at Muxailavad about the 26ih of December.— And that on the 6th of January, Lord Clive and 
 Colonel Ford joined him. — That Lord Clivc then introduced him to the Nabob, recommended i 
 
 him to his friendfhip, and dtlired he would rcpofe ali the confidenct- poffible in the w itnefs, who | 
 
 was well inclined and attached to his intereft. — That on the 14th of January, Lord Clive and f 
 
 Colonel Ford (et out upon their return ; and on the i8th he began his march to Patna, joined 
 by the Nabob's ion, at the head of a la'ge number of country forces. — There wasa great many 
 diificuliies ill fettiiig out tht expedition ; the low flate of the Nabob's tieafury cbliged him to bor- 
 row money, as he could get it from the bankers, by mortgaging countries for it. 'I'hat about 
 the 30th of January he reached a place, cppofite to which the Nabob. of Purnca was encamped. 
 — He had not declared his intentions openly ; but faid, he was .ready and wiiling to obey the Na- 
 bob's orders in every thing, to pay all the revenues that were due, and to prove himfelf a faithful 
 fubjecl and fervant. — It was neceffary to get more than thefe general aflurances from him ; he 
 waJ at the head of a large body of troops ; and as the affairs of Patna were then fituated, it was 
 dangerous to leave iuch a force in his rear, without knowing whether he could truft them. — That 
 he endeavoured toftttJe matters between him and the Nabob as well as he could; he would ac- 
 cept of no mediatvon. but his ; he would not k-e the voung Nabob, but took his fecurity, that if 
 he faithfully difchafged all the demands the old Nab,)b had oh him for revenues due, that he 
 would endeavour to get the Nabob's confirnt that he fti luld remain in his command. — Thar this 
 kept him fevcn days ; and at this time the Prince was drawing near Patna ^ the Subah of that 
 p/ovince (by name Ramnarrain) had a confiJerable aimv under his command, betides a battalion 
 of our Sepoys, that was left in garnfon at Patna by Lord Clive, who joined him upon that oc- 
 calion, and he marched out of tlie city with chele forces. — That the witnefy repeatedly wrote to 
 him, and prelled bim not to come to an adtion, but to wait his arrival, and had no doubt then 
 of fuccefs againil the Prince. — That however he chofe to folow his own advice ; he engaged the 
 Prince ; two of his principal Jamautdars defened him during the adtion ; he was totally defeated 
 and fevcrely wounded. — 400 of our Sepoys marched to his afliltanre, wht-n he was furrounJed by 
 the enemy, faved him, and were cut to pieces themfelves, with three European gentlemen, two 
 officers, and one gentleman a volunteer. — That the remainder of the battalion fecured his retreat 
 into Patna, which the Shauzadda immediately invefled, — That he received the news of his de- 
 feat the I ith of February, and marched with all the expedition in his power, fuch as obliged him. 
 on the 15th to raife the liege of Patna ; and on the 22d the two armies met and engaged ; the 
 detail of the adion is very unintereiiing. That the voung Nabob followed quite a contrary dif- 
 pofition to the one he wanted him to make, but that he faved him in imminent danger, and the 
 enemy was totally routed. — That the inftant the engagement was over, the young Nabob retired 
 to his tent, on account of the wounds he had received. — That the Witnefs requefted and con- 
 jured him to give him ever fo fmall a body of cavalry, and with his Europeans and Sepoys, fa- 
 tigued as they were, he would do his bell to purfue the enemy, and clear the country of them ; 
 that he was deaf to all his entreaties — and his means of purfuit, with the handful of troops he 
 was at the head of, fatigued beyond meafure with the forced marches he had made to raife the 
 fiege, put it quite out of his power ; befides out of the fix pieces of cannon which he had in the 
 Jield, four broke down during the engagement, and fome time was necefTary to put thofe carriages 
 in repair. — That at length he perfuaded the Nabob to leave the city of Patna on the 29th of Fe- 
 bruary, and on the 2d of March he received advice that the Shauzadda (the Prince) was in full 
 march for the province of Bengal. — That he had the advantage of a day's march of our army» 
 with an army compofed almoft entirely of cavalry, unincumbered with baggage. — That on the 
 7th he got within 10 miles of him ; he marched off in the night, and took his way acrofs the 
 mountains, to enter the province of Bengal in another part; a road through which no army be- 
 fore had ever marched ; but through which however the witnefj made a (hift to follow him, and 
 on the 4th of April joined the o'd Nabob, who was in the field. — That on the 6th, with their 
 united armies, they got fo near the Prince, that he propofed to the Nabob, that he would give 
 him a body of cavalry, and fome fpare horfes to aiTift him in carrying the Europeans, who were 
 exhaufted and fpent with fatigue, and Jie would attack the Prince in his camp that night : This 
 he would not comply with, and the next day he came up however with the rear of their army, 
 a river only dividing them ; that he again fent repeated meflages to the Nabob, to beg he would 
 only march a body of cavalry, to keep the enemy in play, until he could come up with his in- 
 fantry ; but this he would never confent to, and the enemy marched off unmolefted ; and in two 
 days after took the fame road into the province of Bahar : That afraid for the fafety of Patna, 
 which he knew was deftitute of troops, he detached Captain Knox, with 200 Europeans, a bat- 
 talion of Sepoys, and two pieces of cannon, to march with all the expedition he poflibly could 
 for the relief of Patna, if the Prince fliould beficge it : He came in time to fave the city, on 
 which the Prince had made two general ailaults, and was preparing for a third, when Captain 
 Knox arrived with feme part of his detachment, and obliged him to raife the liege a fecond time. 
 — That he remained in camp with the old Nabob, and his Ion, until the i6th of May, when 
 again he marched with his fon againlf the Nabob of Purnea, whom the old Nabob had endea- 
 voured to bring back to his duty, but which the other refufed, and would comply with none of 
 his terms, broke his promife with the witnefs, and was fetting out with an intention of joining 
 the Prince. — On the 22d he again reached Patna, and crofied the river there; but before that hap- 
 pened. Captain Knox, whom he had ordered to march from Patna acrofs the river, and endea- 
 vour to ftop the progiefs of the Nabob of Purnea, fo that we might get up with him, hud taken 
 a ftrong and judicious pofl, and was attacked by the Nabob's whole army, and maintained his 
 
 poll
 
 ( 3' ) 
 
 poft with great bravery. — That they joined in purfuit of the enemv, who was retreating as fad as 
 thev coud. On thi; 271:1 ne cane up with them; the young Nabob with his army in the rear 
 two iniie> ; the cannonading began between the two armies ; he foon feized their cannon, dil- 
 lodj;'- 1 thcin from all tacir ports, and would have obtained a complete victory, if foot could have 
 overutea avjlry, of wiiich his army was chicflv compiled ; thst he had none of his own, and 
 the Naoob would not fcnJ him one horll-man : That they continued purfuingthe Nabob of P^r- 
 nea until ;h- 3d of Ju y ; they were to have continued their march next day, when between one 
 anJ rw o'clo.;k 111 tne .Homing Mr. I^ufhington cams into his tent with a harcarra for meffentrer) 
 and told him the young Nabob was dead ; that it would be difficult to exprefs h.s farprife, which 
 was f illowed by hia enquiries, to know how the accident had happened, which he was told was 
 by a fiafli of ligh ning, as he lay on hi-i bed : In a feiv minutes after, his Duan (or Prime Minirter) 
 came to the ivitn; b in the greatsll diftrefs, ailuiing him that if fomething was not immediitelv 
 do K, the CO iiequence would be, the plmder of the camp, and the Nabob's troops marching off 
 wherever th -y tn 'Ug it po,;er ; Tnei.: w.i> no \v.iy to prevent this accident, and the contufion 
 whicn m jft roJlow, but 10 endeavour to keep his death a fccret from his army, that we might (jain 
 time to bri:)g over lomc of tnc JamautJars of the greatcll coniequence, and attach them to our 
 intertft : That he- fent lor one or two of thofe he thought he could moft confide in, told them the 
 flory, and rcquclled a- a mark of the regard they had for their old mafter, to continue faithful in 
 the fervice ot the olo Nabob, and to bring over, by degrees, as many of the other Jamautdars as 
 they could, to thij way of thinking ; that he, on his part, would ufe all his endeavours with 
 the old Nabob, that all the arrears ot pay, and all the juft demands they might have, Ihould be 
 fettled to their fatisfaction ; That we then determined, that the army ftiould m.irch back tow.irds 
 Patna, and give out that the young Nab >b was ill ; this was performed in feveii daya, and dur- 
 ing this whole time, except the peoplt- who were entrufted with the fecret, the army had no know- 
 ledge of the young N mob's death. — Fho witnefs laid, this was the narrative of his campaign ; 
 that loon after his arrival at Patna, about the 28th or 29th ot July, or the beginning of Augull, 
 he received advice of Mr. Vanlictart's arrival at Calcutta, as Governor. 
 
 Colonel Caillaud then read to the Committee the following letter. 
 
 To the honourable J. Z. Holwell, Efquire, Prefident and Governor of Fort William. 
 
 Camp at Balkiffen'3 Gardens, 29th May, 1760. 
 SIR, 
 I am honoured this day. vith your favour of the 24th inftant. My laft 1. iters o the 24'h, and 
 thofe of yeftciday of the 28th, contain all I can urge in favour of our return to Patna with the 
 young Nabob. — You fcein alfo convinced of the necclfity of it lince the receipt of Mr. 
 Amyatt's letters: I fliall be glad to find it further confiimed by tne fentimencs of the Select 
 Comniittee. 
 
 I am not mafter enough of the fubje£t, to know how the Company's inveftment of falt-petre 
 will be fo much hurt this year, and that you fear, fuccours will arrive too late to prevent fuch 
 mifchicf ; but this I am very confident of, that if we do not find fuccours, the whole province 
 may be loft, and many years inveftments to come. 
 
 1 will endeavour now. Sir, to reply as fully as I can to the fubject on which you defire fo 
 earneftly to know my fentiments, and hope what I have to fay will fo fully (atisfy you, that I 
 need not at leaft lea\e the army until the campaign is quite concluded, as I think it cannot be 
 done without prejudice to our affairs. 
 
 Bad as the man may be, whofe caufe we now fupport, I cannot be of opinion, that we can get 
 rid of him for a better, without running the rilk of much greater inconveniences attending on 
 fuch a change, than thofe we now labour under. — I prefume, the eftablilhing tranquility in thefrf 
 provinces, would reftore to us all the advantages of trade we could wifti for the profit and honor 
 of our employers ; and ] think we bid fairer to bring that tranquility about by ourprefeiu influence 
 over the Subah, and by lupporting him, than by any change which can be made. — N.) new revo- 
 lution can take place, without a certainty of troubles, and a revolution will certainly be the con- 
 fcquence whenever we withdraw our protedtion from the Subah. — W'c cannot in prudence neither, 
 I believe, leave this revolution to chance; we muft in fome degree be inftrumental to biinging 
 it about; in fuch a cafe, it is very poflible we may ralfc a man to the dignity juft as unfit to 00- 
 vern, as little to be depended upon, and in (hort as great a rogue, as our Nabob ; but pcrhapj 
 not fo great a coward, nor I'o great a fool, and of confequence, much more difHcult to manage.- 
 • — As to the injufticc of fupporting this man on account of his cruelties, oppreflions, and his 
 being detefted in his government ; I fee fo little chance in this blefled country of finding a man 
 endued with the oppofite virtues, that 1 think we may put up with thcle vices with which we have 
 no concern, if in other matters we find him fittelt for our purpolio-. 
 
 As to his breach of his treaty, by introducing the Dutch lail year, that was never fo clearly 
 proved, I believe, but as to admit of fome doubt. — Colonel Clive, before he left the country, 
 icemed fatisficd, that what was lul'picious in his conduct in that affair, proceeded not from aii^ual 
 guilt, but from the timidity of his nature. i3at if we ftill fiifpe£t him from further circumllances, 
 we always have it in our power to put it to the teit at once, by making him acl us he ought, 
 whether he will or no. 
 
 With
 
 ( 32 ) 
 
 With regard to Jrawln^ our fwords againft the lawful Prince of the country, no man can more 
 pity his misfortune than 1 have done, nor would any one be more willing and happy to be in- 
 ftrumental in aflilting him to recover his juft right.— oUi luch a plan is not the thought of a day, 
 nor the execution ot it the work of a few months ; there u a powerful party flill remains ; the 
 Vizier with the Mharratas and Jutes, who, notwithftanding the conltant fuccefs of Abdaliah 
 a<»ainft them, (till make head againft him, and fuch are their refources and their numbers, that I 
 believe they will at laft oblige the Paeans to leave the country j for though they cannot beat them 
 fairly out of the field, they bid fair to itarve them out of the country. 
 
 You have no doubt received advice from Mr. Haftings, that Abdaliah hath fent orders to the 
 feveral powers, to acknowU dge the Prince King of Indoftan, by the name of Shah Allum ; ru- 
 pees are ftruck by his order at Banaras and Lacknow, in that name ; orders are aUb given to 
 Sujah Dowlatt, to accept the poft of Vizier ; and our Nabob hath got, it is faid, inftrudlions 
 to acknowledge him, and pay him theobeifance due to the King of Kings, as he is ftiled. 
 
 If we were°perfc(f^ly lure Alidallah would remain, as he fays, until he faw the Prince well fixed 
 on the throne, and the peace and iranquility of the country reitored ; wi- might, I thmk, all 
 joined toa-cther, be a match for the Mharratas, but we muft be well affured, that Abdaliah will 
 heartily ^tet, and when cniered, will firmly fuppirt the caule ; for (hould this appointment of 
 his be no more (as it is polfible) than a finifhmg flroke to end his expcditum with the e^lat of 
 having siven us a Mogul, and when a certain number of the country powers had entered into 
 the alliance, he (hould think of a return to his own country, and leave us to fight it out with 
 the other contendmg party, I fear the Vizier and the Mharratas would be too ftrong for thofe 
 who remained of the alli.ince. fuppofing them to be the Ruellahs, and Sujah Dnwlatt, and the 
 Nabob of Bencal. — However, fuppohng all this (hould take place, why may it not be done with 
 our Nabob in'our hand, ftill his friends and his protectors ? 
 
 I am this inftant favoured with yours of the 25th, and I find by your poftfcript, that your opinion 
 and mine with regard to the Prince do not differ much. I have no objection to follow the plan 
 
 you propofe. Let Mr. Ha(tings found the old Nabob, and I will go to work with the young one, 
 
 who joins me this day. 
 
 We may continue our march on to Patna, the rains will give us time to negotiate, to fee we 
 go on fure grounds, and make fuch a plan of the alliance as will do us honor, and be an advant- 
 age to our country, and our employers. — But let us not abandon the Nabob ; befides the reafons 
 I have ur^ed above. One more ftill remains, which I believe will have fome weight, and 
 make us cautious how we attempt, without very ftrong and urgent reafons, any change in the 
 
 prefent fyftem. 
 
 You are well acquainted fir, with the caufe which firft gave rife to the prefent (hare of influ- 
 ence, which we enjoy in this part of the Mogul's empire : A juft refentment for injuries received, 
 was the firft motive which induced us to make a trial of our ftrength ; the eafe with which we 
 fucceeded enlarged our views, and made us chearfully embrace all opportunities of increafing that 
 intereft and influence, both on account of the advantages which accrued from it to the honoura- 
 ble Company, as likewife the hopes that it might in time prove a fource of benefit and riches 
 to our country ; fuch were, I believe, the motives of Colonel Clive's aiSlions during his admini- 
 ftration ; fuch, I believe, were the views of the honourable Company, when they folicited and 
 obtained Colonel Coote's regiment from the government j and fuch, I am certain, is the plan 
 which the Colonel propofes on his return to purfue and to fupport, in hopes to convince the 
 miniftry, and the Company, as he is convinced himfelf, that if they pleafe to fupport his pro- 
 ject, it will prove of the greateft advantage to the public. 
 
 If I have ftated our fituation right, it follows, I believe, of courfe, that we are bound with 
 vigour to work on the fame plan, to a£t on the fame principles, and to keep up the fyftem as 
 perfe£l and entire as it was left in our hands ; that whatever refolutions the nation or the 
 Company may come to, on Colonel Clive's reprefentations, they may not be difappointed by 
 findin-j here (at leaft through our faults) any very material change in our fituation, power, or 
 credit. 
 
 One word more : All we can wi(h to do is, not to fufFer the Nabob to impofe on us, and to 
 check every beginning of an independence he may endeavour to aflume : Let us confult and im- 
 prove, on every occafion that offers, the honour and advantage of our employers, and the in- 
 creafe of their trade and credit ; and not let them fufFer any additional expence, on account of 
 purfuinc any plan, or fupporting any fyftem whatever: By afting thus, 1 think we cannot err j 
 we run at leaft no rifk, and I believe the Company's affairs may be conduced by us under this 
 Subah, as much to their advantage and credit, as any other, whom a revolution may place la the 
 government. 
 
 Inclofed, I have the honour to fend Mr. Amyatt's laft letter, received this morning : We 
 have had, as you will fee, another brufti with the Prince's troops, and with great luccefs; 
 however if the other plan goes on, we muft put an end to this fighting fyftem, and talk coolly 
 on aft'airs : 1 (hall expeiSt the favour of your opinion with great impatience, and have the honour 
 to allure you, that I am, with perfect cfteem and refpedt, 
 
 o 1 Ix, 
 
 Your moft obedient, 
 
 and moft humble fervant, 
 
 John Caillaud.
 
 C 33 ) 
 
 The Witnefs being afked, What were his reafons for approving a revolution in September 
 1760, which he Itemed to difapprove fo ftrongly by the letter he had read, dated in Mav ? he 
 faid, he w.uld, to the bcil ot his recollection, declare thole moiives, by dating fonie particulars 
 of his lii'jation at that t;ine in the country : The afccndancy which Lord Clive had over the 
 N<»t)i>b, which flowed from the Nabob from a fenfe of the favours he had received from Lord 
 Chve, Was, very loon after he came to the command, at an end : That the Witnefj's conftaiic 
 un A-earied attention, to keep up that confidence fo necefTiry between them and the Nabob, was 
 prLveni by fome very untoward circumitances : Mr. Holwcll fucceeded Lord Clive in the 
 chair, only bv virtue ot his rank, in order of luccelEon ; and the certainty of another governor 
 being fooii appointed, waj known to the whole country ; and of co-irfe, that degree of refpect 
 Which tne Nabob Would have had to a. governor in other circuinftances, was not paid to Mi. 
 Hi.lwcil ; Mr. Hiiiwell ib )n faw this, and refented it. The Nabob's exceeding weak and irrefo- 
 lute chaiacf.r, gave plentv of occafions for Mr. Holwell to find fault, and blame his meafures : 
 That he felt hem to i, and obfcrved them, but he chought that he did hi- duty be(t as a faithful 
 fervant to the (Joinpany, bv acting the part of a mediator between them, and by foftenina;, rather 
 than irritating, the lU diipohtion that fubfilted between them. That on this plan he acted 
 throughout ihe whole courle of iMr. Holwell's aJminiltration ; putting off by delays, and fome- 
 times with reafons, every approach to a change ot fyflem in that government, which thought in 
 his own heart he adopted, and knew the necclfity of, yet he was defircus to keep it off as long zi 
 he could, till the nccellity of it might prcfs to hard as to make it unavoidable : That he thought 
 of nothing bu( temporary iVltems formed to the day and to the minute; he would not trufl his 
 own abilities and judgment, fo far a* to decide upon what was righ; or wrong ; hj knew I'ome- 
 thinz was to be done, but how to do it, he really did not know : Tiiat when that letter he read 
 was wrote, the Nabob's (on was then alive ; hiS extraordiriary death made a great change in the 
 fituation of affairs in that country : That Mr. Vanlittart's airival, and the confidence he had in 
 his abilities and judgment, made him without reluctance adopt his plan ; he knew his motives j 
 they were honelt an ! dlinterefled, aS ti him elf, hono;i.;ble and advantageous to his employers, 
 2nd fuch as ihe necefTi'y of the time-, the particular fituation at Bengal, the general Itate of 
 the Company's affairs throughout India, have ever in his opinion Vindicated the meafures pur- 
 Jued. 
 
 Being afked, Whether 20 lack, or any other fum was ftipulated, for bringing about that re- 
 volution ? 3 I'. 
 
 He fdid. The night that ColTim Ally Khan figned the articles, for accepting the management 
 of the affairs of Bengal, under JafEer Ally Khan (111 the prcfe'ice, as he believed, ot l\lr. Van- 
 llttart, Mr. Sumner, Mr. Holv.'ell, and himfelf) (Jollim Ally Knan, after expreffing the many 
 obligations he had for our intended good offices in his fivour, tendered a paper to Mr. Vanllt- 
 tart; which, as Mr, V'anfittart interpreted to us, contained a note for 20 lack of rupees, pay- 
 able to the gentlemen then prefent ; that he don't recolleiSt a gentleman prefent there, that did 
 not concur with him, in dchring Mr. Vanfittart to return that paper to Coffim Ally Khan ; tel- 
 ling him. That he millook our motives for his advancement, fie prefl'ed on Mr. Vanfittart 
 again the acceptance of the paper; telling him. That if we continued to refufe that favour, he 
 diould fear that the gentlemen prefent were not well pleafed with the appointment : Mr. Van- 
 fittart, who knew his own motives, as well as thofe of the witnefs, and alio of the reft <f the 
 gentlemen in the Committee, told Ccffim Ally Khan, leturning him the paper again, " When 
 "" you have paid off all the arrears due to the Company, to your own troops, that the peace of 
 •* this country is fettled, and that your own treafury is full; if then you think proper to make 
 ** us any ac'Knowledgement for the fervices now done you, we fhall not then be unwilling to 
 " accept fiicii markb as you will be pleafed to give us of your friendihip." The U^itnefs laid. 
 That the affair ended there ; and he declared folemnly upon his honour, there was no ftipula- 
 tions made, no partition treaty, or any thing of the kind mentioned, then or after, to his know- 
 ledge, of that tranfaiilion. 
 
 'I'he Witnefs added. That he was now ready and willing to declare, what he received upon 
 the occafion, when he received it, and how he received it; he faid. He little expected after 13 
 years fervice in that country, and 9 of them in the field, that the little fortune he made, (hould 
 become the object of io public an enquiry, but he was happy to meet this enquiry more than half 
 way, and the more fo in this particular point; as perhaps it may give him an opportunity of do- 
 ing judice to the memory of the man from whom he received it (Mr. Vanfittart j who tlid it in 
 his ufual generous and handfome way : fo that he knows not but to this minute, the fum he re- 
 ceived may be charged to his account. After Colfim Ally Khan was placed in the governmeiu, 
 he went up to the army at Patna, came down again, embarked for the coaft in January 1761, re- 
 mained there a year and an jialf, and came back to Calcutta, called there upon extraordinary bu- 
 (inefs In October 1762, iMr. Vanfittart then going up to Mungcr, told him, " If I ani hi'ppy 
 " enough to fettle with the Nabob the unfortunate differences that have fubfiffed between him 
 *' and my Council, and that I can with propriety lemind him of the fervices you jointly did him ; 
 " 1 (hall certainly endeavour to ferve you." Mr. Vanfittart went up to Monger, and he em- 
 barked on board a (hip lor Europe. In the year 1763, he received an account current from Mr. 
 Vanfittart, in which he found credit for 2 lack of rupees, unfolicited as he had mentioned before, 
 and much beyond his expectations, and this upon his honour was the whole of what he received 
 diredtiy or indirciSfly upon that occafion ; fb little was money his objedt or thought, that he ne- 
 ver enquired or knew what others might have got upon the fame occafion ; and that if money 
 
 I had
 
 ( 34 ) 
 
 had been his object, he fliould have been more curious in his enquiries : It is not dated in the 
 account from Mr. Vanfittart, from whom the 2 lack came, but he fuppoied it to come f.om 
 
 Bein^ aflced. Who took poffeaion of the houfe and effects of Meet Jaffier r 
 
 He fald, Colfim Ally Khan, after Jaffier had taken out every thing that he wanted. 
 
 Bcin» afked, When the refolution was taken of making Coffim Ally Khan Nabob, mthe room 
 
 of Meer Jaffier? ^ . i.n,rTiE vi_ 
 
 He laid, in the accounts read of the tranfaaion, it appears, that Meer Jafter, rather than 
 content to' the terms propofed, lent for Meer Coffim, and gave up the government to him im- 
 
 "* Be^n^<^ iiflced. Whether Mr. Holweil made any report to the Seka Committee, that Coffim 
 Ally Khan propofcd to take oft" the Nabob > 
 
 He faid. He never heard of fuch propofal, Mr. Holwell never reported to them, that fuch a 
 
 propo al hid been made to him. _ _ r ■ ^ 
 
 The Bengal proceedings relating to Colonel Caillaud ; and the opmion of the Court of 
 Directors upon the fame iubjecl, were read, and are annexed in the Appendix, 
 
 N° 10. , . 
 
 A member of the houfc being prefent, cefired to acquaint the Ccn^imittec, That he was chair- 
 man of the Ealf India Company at th.it time, and was the prmcipal Cdiife of Colonel Cai'laud's 
 coming home, in order to do juftice to a character he entertained a high opinion o: ; that the 
 Court of DirLfiors entered into a minute enquiry, when he was unanimoufl) acquitted, and 
 was returned to India, with higher honours. 
 
 Willi.im Brightwcil Sumner," Efquire, being called upon by the Cnmm'ttrp. to {late hi« rea- 
 fons for aflVnting as a felect Committee man, to the meafure of depoiiiig Mc er Jiiffier, and placing 
 Coffim Ally Khan on the Mufnud ?— laid. That, without infift.ng on the public oreach of treaty 
 on the part of Meer J,.ffier, in the inlfance of the Dutch invalion, and tne many other doubtful 
 parts of his condua, the irregularities of his private life, or the cruelties wi;.h which he was 
 charged, he would reil the reafons for his condud on the neceffity of the reformation, from the 
 extreme'difficulties and imminent dangers the affairs of the Company, as well as thoie of ttic flate, 
 were reduced to by the jcaloufies, indolence, and inadfivity, of the Nabob Metr Jaffier, and the 
 mal-adminiftration and corruption of his miniffers, in the colleftion and diffipation of the re- 
 venues, and adding to thefe, the inteftine troubles through the wh ile country ; :he witiiefs was 
 of opinion, and ftill continued firm in the fame, that it would have been impoffible to have fup- 
 ported the fyftem of government then eftabliflied two months longer, and that embarked as we 
 were with Meer Jaffier, we muft inevitably have (bared in his ruin. 
 
 For the difficulties and diltrefTes of the prefidency, and the opinions formed thereon, while 
 thefe were ftrontr in view and immediate conclufions were neceflary, the witnefs referred to the 
 public records, which, he faid, fully evinced the neceffity of the meafures purfued, but he wifhed 
 to have it underftood, that when the Committee firft entered into negotiation with Meer Coffim, 
 their only idea was reformation in the miniftry, not a revolution in the government; and that it was 
 the unexpected obftinacy of Meer Jaffier alone, not an original defign in the Committee, that pla- 
 ced Meer Coffim on the Mufnud; that he believed, it was acircumftance as litt'e thought of by 
 Mr. Vanfittart, as by himfelf, when he left Calcutta, on his vifit to the Nabob, for the puipofe of 
 thefe reformations; but he readily admitted the neceffity of the fubfequent change made by Mr. 
 Vanfittart, as pointed out by him in his narrative ; every part of which, from his intimate know- 
 ledge of the man, he gave the fullefl credit to.— The witnefs repeated, That he was, and ftill 
 retnainsd of opinion, that the deftrudtion of Meer Jaffier's government made the intended re- 
 formation neceliary, and that having gone fuch lengths, there was no room for receding ; and 
 that on the whole, he flattered himfelf, when all matters were duly weighed, his condu6t would 
 fland iuftified in the opinion of every candid and impartial man, whether he was confidered as a 
 fubjedt of this kingdom, or, as an immediate fervant of the Company. 
 
 The witnefs being defired to inform the Committee, whether the invitation which Meer Jaffier 
 was fuppofed to give to the Dutch, was ever more than fufpicion ? — he faid, It was fo far proved 
 by a letter or letters, found in his cabinet after he left Muxadavad, wrote by the Dutch governor 
 to him, on the fubjeiSt of that invafion : That he could not recolleft the purport of them precifely, 
 but they were full conviction to him ; they were not entered upon the public proceedings ; and he 
 does not recoiled, that the Committee made any remonftrance or memorial to Meer Jaffier, 
 upon the fubjed of their fufpicions with refpedl to the Dutch, nor to his knowledge did Meer 
 Jaffier ever acknowledge fuch tranfadion. 
 
 The witnefs read from a printed book, the tranflations of the following letters from Mr. 
 Bifdom, Diredorof Chinfura, to the Nabob Jaffier Ally Khan, and which he rccolleded 
 to be thofe mentioned above. 
 
 LETTER I. 4 
 
 Our fettlcment was eflablifhed here long before the Engiifli and other nations entered this 
 kingdom, of which we were eye witnefles : Our power was then greater as well as our trade, 
 but now we perceive, that both our power, intereft, and wealth, are loft, whilft that of other 
 nations daily incrcafe : In this cafe, what rccourfe have we left.' Our diflionour and fliame is 
 almolt inevitable. 
 
 For
 
 a 
 
 ( 35 ) 
 
 For this reafbn, and for the fecurity of our pofieflions, as well as for the fervice of vour exc P 
 eacy, i have (ent for troops .mo thi. country : Yoa are our matter and lovereign i ai'id therefore 
 1 hope lor your proxa.on, and wait your orders to bring our troops to this place 
 
 Vjud giant that your riches may daily increafe. 
 
 LETTER II. 
 
 As our nation has always been encouraged by the favour of your excellencv, and more par- 
 ticularly from that time, when having a (avourable regard to our Company's bufinefs, vou re- 
 peatedly airifcd our chief of Coflimbuzar, of your attachmsnt ; confidering thcle circumitance-- 
 I .vas extremelv furprifed, that your excttllency, during your refidence at Calcutta, entered into 
 ar. agreement, that vou would ftrengihen the fort ot Muha Tanna, in order to prevent the Dutcri 
 tro.pUVom coming tni, wiVi and alio give a note to the Englifti, directing them to oppofe the 
 co.nmg up of our army —Ail thele thmgs conlidered, it feems plain to us,'' that voir excellencv 
 did not ente^ in:o tne agreement, or gave this order from an/ ill opinion of us'; but it is al! to 
 be imputed to the overbcarmg fpirit of thcEnglilh: But if anv one enters into an aorsem'cnt 
 through f)rce or diltrch, and altcrwards does not abide by it, he will ftand jjftified by°thj laws 
 of God and man ; particularly the Governor of a kingdom, who vvilhes for nothino- ellc Dut the 
 good of his country, and the profperitv of his people. ^ 
 
 1 am therefore in hopes, thiougn your jultice and favour, that vou will recede from vour a- 
 greement and order, and that we Ihail obtain an order from your excellency, for the brin'oinr'- up 
 of our army ; and alfo, that a politive order may be given to the Englini, on no account to 
 moleft them, tor we fent for the faid army to this country, in confequence oi your direiTtions 
 
 The King's revenues are greatly detrimented, and the country almoU ruined, and of this vou 
 can only look upon the Englifti as tiic f .1.- caule. Our nation tormcrly brought confiderable fums 
 of money into this k.ngdom, and .id not carry out any, and now the Engliih are fo powerful 
 that no trade can be carried on by us, for which reaion no mnncy now arrives, and the Enwlilh 
 yearly remit conliderable fums : By this means the revenues of the country are greatlv decreafed ■ 
 and therefore how will you be able, without great difficulty, to maintain your forces ? and when 
 your enemies come upon you, you will not then be capable of opp.jfin:; them: — "'his time if 
 you will favour ihe Company, they will ever be at your command ; and your prcfent anxiety 
 and uneafinels may be removed : — Your excellency cannot take a bc-tter Hep, a.id I hope you 
 Will take this into your favourable and ferious confideration, and return me a proper anfwer. 
 
 LETTER III. 
 
 The wrathful letter you wrote to me I have received, and it has given me inexprefiible unea- 
 finefs : — The troops were not called here at my own defire, nor did I imagine they would ever 
 have come to adtion, and fully intended to have returned them by the {hips when they failed for 
 Europe ; — They were brought here for the fecurity of the fhips : This I acquainted your excell- 
 ency of feveral times. — During their ftay in camp they molefted no man, nor had any difturbances 
 with the country people ; this alfo you are well alTured of. — It was never my intention thcsr 
 ftiould fight ; but the Englifti hoifted Moors colours, and immediately came clown upon them, 
 and a battle enfued. Your excellency is the magiftrate of juftice, and therefore 1 deiire you will 
 interfere: — >I was dcfirous that fome advantage fhouid arife to the riots from the fale of the goods 
 when they were brought up, and intended to have laden on board the ftiips the fait petre and other 
 goods that were bought, and with the people that came here, dilpatched them to Eiroo;' ; but 
 the Englifti would not permit the boats to pafs : — I am willing to aft up to our agreement' and 
 hope your excellency will adhere to it alfo: In this we entirely depend on yourtavour. * The 
 Company have for a long time carried on trade here; and therefore earnetlly defire you will 
 continue to them your favour and proteftion, as we are not able of ourfelves to root out our 
 enemies. 
 
 The Witnefs further faid, There were feveral other letters flicwn him by Mr. Vanfittart, but 
 does not know they were ever acknowledged by R^eer Jaffier, and believes they were never 
 fliewn to him ; and he does not know whether thefe letters were figned ; but they were fealed on 
 the cover ; and he was convinced they were wrote by the Dutch governor. 
 
 Being afked, What he apprehended to be the reafon that thefe^lctters were nnt ftiewn to the 
 Select Committee, and tranlmitted as part of their p:occcdings ? He laid, he believed they were 
 fhcwn to every one of the Committee feparately ; that he could affign no certain reafon for the 
 condua of Mr. Vanfittart, but fuppofes he did not think them of confequence to be ftic^vn to the 
 Committee in their collective capacity. 
 
 Being alked, Whether there were any hoftilitics between the two companies, previous to the 
 Dutch fleet coming into the river ? He faid, there were no hoftilitics ; fome dif,;greements there 
 had always been on commercial tranfadions, which were generally accommod.itud. 
 
 The Witnefs further faid, in aniwer to other qucftions, 1 hat he certainly th<iught the Nabob 
 was bound by the fecond article of the treaty, to prevent any ftiips or troops of tlit- Dutch com- 
 ing into Bengal ; and that certainly the Dutch would have aded as our enemies, had they been 
 permitted to introduce 7 or 8cD Europeans : That he apprehends the ftrcngth of the Dutch in 
 all their faaories before this operation, amounted to about 150 military men: That a corre- 
 fpondcnce had palled between the Engiith and Dutch upon that tranfa6tion : He could not rccol- 
 lea exadly their public profeftions, but had no doubt of their intcntlbn;. 
 
 The
 
 ( 36 ) 
 
 The Witnefs fuiiher faid, That he was a member of the Sele£l Committee from the time of 
 Lord Clive's departure to the period of the revolution ; that he did not recoliecft they had any 
 meeting-, as a Select Committee upon that fubjed ; the whole being carried on in the correfpoiid- 
 ence between Cicneial Caillaud and IMr. Hoi well. 
 
 Ke furclu-r laid, I'hat he was one ot the Selea; Committee prefent when Coffim Ally Khan 
 made the otter of 20 lack to the governor and council ; and that he confirmed every part of Ge- 
 neral Caillaud's evidence upon that occafion, with this difFertnce, that when the paper waa re- 
 turned, Mr. Vanfittaitoblerved that we were labouring f>.r the peace and fafety ot the country ; 
 that the exigencies of the State were prefling, and that we would not on any account receive this 
 offer; but that if, when the Company was fetled, he found himfelf in actuation fo to do With 
 convenience to his atfairb, he woula then be at full liberty to gratify his friends as he thought 
 proper: And Mr. Vanl'itiart further added, " I will, for my part, under fuch circum(t..iices, 
 " freely accept any token of your regard ; and 1 fh ;u!d fuppofe the other gentlemen will do the 
 " fame ;" That Mr. Vanfutart theif returned the paper to CotTim Ally Ktian, who feemcii un- 
 eafy, and laid. He apprehended we were not fo much his friends as he wiflied : — Fiiat Mr. Van- 
 fittaitthen gave him the ftrongeft alTurance- of our tiiicerity, and took the opportu' it) to p'cfs a 
 donation from him of 5 lack of rupf es to the Company, as a help towards the reduction of Pon- 
 dicherry; this was granted, and was paid the very tirlt money — to the belt of the VVitnefs's re- 
 collection, a very fevv weeks after the tranfaiition. 
 
 The VVitnefs being further queftioned, faid. That he knew of no acknowledgement made to 
 the governor and council, as a body, after Cuilim Ally Khan was p'.iied on the Mufnud ; but 
 that as to himfelf, as in the courfe of his evidence, he ihould have occdfion to mention his dif- 
 mitTion fiom the Company's fervice, acircumftance, which if not explained, might leave an im- 
 prcilion of culpability on his part, he bfgged leave to inform the Committee, tnat the caufe of 
 his diftniflioii was, his having figned a lct;er to the Court of Diudor , as one of their council 
 among maiiy others, whcreinthey expoftulated on what they thought haifii and undeferved treat- 
 ment ; that this letter gave the Direiftors fuch umbrage, that evciy man in India who had figned 
 it, was immediately difmifled without the leatf regard to the meiits or length ot their fcrvices j 
 that he ftates this as the fole caufe of his difmilTion ; and in proof thereof, referred to the feveral 
 papers annexed in the Appendix, N*^ 1 1. 
 
 The Witnefs obferved, that the change of government in favour of Coffim Ally Khan, took 
 place in Odober 1760, and faid. That leveral monih;. after his eftab'ifhment, Coja Petrufe, the 
 Nabob's agent in Calcutta, prciented him, in the name of the Nab b, with 80,000 Sicca ru- 
 pees (j^. 10,000): The payments were made from May to July 1761 : That he was difmifled 
 the Company's fervice the 5th of Augult following ; and from that period, to his leaving Bengal, 
 the 20th of January 1762, he received further, and in like manner, at ditierent times, the fum 
 of 144,000 Sicca rupees (('.18,000) making together the whole amount received ^.28,000 
 fterling : That the reafon oT fcparating the fums received, was in fupport and confirmation of 
 the idea that he had always entertained and wifhed to convey to the Committee, of its having 
 been a free and voluntary gifr, and he begged leave ag^in to remark, that by far the largeft part 
 of the prefent was received after his difmiluon : That under thefe circumftanceshe ever confidered 
 the tranfaclion honourable, and never made a fecret of it: That he had thus intruded upon the 
 patience of the Committee, to obviate an opinion, which feenis too prevalent, that prefents arc 
 received indifcriminately in India, and that felf-interett is the only motive of adions there : And 
 to fliew what he thought difhonourable prefents, he further informed the Committee, That in 
 M.irch 1761, he was employed by the governor and council in the province of Burdwan, to en- 
 quire into the ftate of the revenues, fo as to enable them to form a lettlement with the Rajah for 
 the enfuing year; that while he was upon his journey, the Rajah found means to fend his agents 
 to Calcutta, who reprefented to the governor and council, that of late years the Nabob's re- 
 ceipts, which was the claim the Company had on the province, had fcarcely exceeded 18 lack 
 of rupees : However, after much treating, they oftcred to fettle the next year, at between 24 
 and 25 lack: That the governor and council had not agreed in form to this propofal, but he 
 was informed by a letter on the 3d of April, they had determined fo to do ; and he was in con- 
 fequence immediately recalled : That he informed Mr. Vanfittart with the opinion he had formed 
 upon the intelligpnce he had got into the tlate of the province; and that he meant to proteft 
 againft thofc terms of agreement : That the next morning, before the council met, he convinctil 
 Mr. Vanfittart fo fully of the juftnefs of his opinion, that he was re-appointed to Burdwan witli 
 the fame commiifion and powers : That this tranfadion appeared on the confultation of the lotli 
 of April 1771 : — That about the latter end of June, or beginning of July, he had compleated 
 his enquiries, and returned to Calcutta with a voluntary offer from the Rajah, of the payment 
 of 32 lack and a half of rupees, which was agreed to, and the wiiole received within that year: 
 That this tranfadion eftabliftied a footing for a further rcfident at Burdwan, and thereby laid 
 the foundation of an annual increafc of rents, amounting at this time, if he is rightly informed, 
 to 43 lack per annum, net receipt to the Company. 
 
 'l"he witnefs faid. That on the morning of the loth of April, when his re- appointment to 
 Burdwan took place, he had an oifer made him by the Rajah's agent of 4 lack of rupees f)r his 
 own ufeand benefit, to be paid down immediately, on condition he would torbear all oppofiioii 
 to the engagement which the Council were betore ready to enter into; and that Mr. Smith (a 
 member of the Council) with whom he was intimately conneded, fooii after informed him, that 
 
 he
 
 ( 37 ) 
 
 he had ofFcrs of 2 lack of rupees for his influence with him, not to ftir in the affair; and that 
 their furthe: offers to him (through iVlr. Smith) were unlimited : That they both treated this 
 propolal as It deit-rvcd. 
 
 I:i regard to prelent^ received by others, the witnefs faid. That whatever had come to his know- 
 ledge hail been by acting as their attorney; but as he is perfuaded that the (;entlemen who em- 
 ployed him have no rcl'erve upon the occaiion, and a^' he can (peak with certainty on the fubjedt, 
 he ihould conceal no p.;rt : — That Mr. Holwell, who was of the Council, received 2 lack and 
 70. coo rupees — Mr. M'Gwire, one lack and 80,00c — Mr. Culling Smith, ftcrctarv to the 
 Commit ee, one lack ar.d 34,000 — Major Yorke, who commanded the detachment immediately 
 attendant on Meer Collim, one lack and 34,000 — He did not know whether Mr. V'anlittait re- 
 ceived any tiling : Thefc fums were paid in 1761. 
 
 The witnels being afked, what were the circumftances of the country when this nionev was 
 received : — he faid, J' was a matter he fuppofed the Nabob a properjudge of. 
 
 Be n.' aiked, wheih Meer Jaffier, at the time of the revolution, had difcharEred his debt in- 
 curred by ho treatv with th^- Company in 1757 : — be faid. No, A ballance remained due, for 
 which, when the alfunments in the i3urdwan country were given up, the Company received 
 jewels and other effect , which were conlidered as full lecurity, not as payment; and could not 
 recollect when the payment was made. 
 
 Being afked, whether at the time he received the flift payment of his prefent, he did not re- 
 ceive an obligation for a larger fum ? — he faid. He did; that it was tome weeks, Id the beff of his 
 recolleflion, after Coffim Ally Khan left Calcutta, that Coja Pctnife informed him the Nabob 
 intended to make him a pn-fentof 2 lack a'liJ a half; and deiired tn know whether he would ac- 
 cept of them : — That h„- aiilwered, h wnulo very thankfully .ccept of them as a free and volun- 
 tary gift, A'henever his ctrcunillances and liruacion admitted it, without inconvenience to his oavm 
 affairs: That he then prei'cnted him with the Nabob's obligation for that fiJm, fivih^, that the 
 Nabob had fuft'ered much uneafi.iefs by Mr. Vanfittart's refufal of the 'obligation tm 20 lack. 
 The witnefs rcpti-d. That he confidered the obligation of no validity ; but he received the prefent 
 as an earn It ol the NaboD's friendly intentions tjwardi him. . 
 
 Being a(kd. If, at the time of this converfation with Coja Petrufe, the Nahob was indebted 
 to the Company i he faid. It was probable he might be in debt, but he thinks jewels were mort- 
 gaged for the payment of every debt. The depoht of jewels was corlfidered as abfolute o-ood fe- 
 turity ; but when they were redeemed, or how the account was fettled, he could not recoilcft. 
 
 The witnefs further faid, I'hat large lums had been fent by M;cr Jaffier to Patna for payuVent 
 of the troops ; an 1 payment hid Itkewife bee.i made at M ixadavad ; that fums were dill due ^Vd5 
 moff provable, for he Jid not fuppoTe army accounts ever have been, or will be, ((.-ttlcd. AS tb 
 the troubles in the country, he apprehends they were not concluded; and that th.e battle with ^hs 
 Shawzadda had not then happened. 
 
 Being afkel, whether he apprehended the treafure of the NaSoh was abounding at that tim^ ? 
 he faid. At the time the obligation was given, he apprehended not ; but vvhea it was paid, he 
 apprehended the Nabob found no inconvenience. 
 
 In anfvver to further queflions, the witnefs faid. That he never difclofed to Mr. Vanfittart 
 his coiiverfati wi with Coja Petrufe, nor had he had curiofity to enquire whether mefia^es, fimilar 
 to that fent to him, had been lent to Mr. Holwell, Mr. Calliau.l, Mr. M'Gwire, or either of 
 them : And he does not believe that Mr. Vanfittart knew any thing of the 2 lack mentioned in 
 Mr. Holvveil's letter, and thought it impoflible he fhould. 
 
 In the courle of the above evidence, were read the papers annexed in the appendix. fJ" J2.' 
 Your Committee having proceeded thus far in their report ; and findin<r it inipoffible, from the 
 prorogation, todigcft in any manner the red of their proceedings, have, in conhderatioii of the 
 importmce of the matter, laid a tranfcript of their minutes before the houfc 
 General Carnack. 
 
 Whether you was prefent in Bengal at the time of the revolution, which placed Co/Tiin Ally 
 Khan on the Mufnud ? 
 
 I left Bengal in 1 760, with Lord Clive, on my return to Europe. — At my arrival atSt. Helenk 
 J had information that the Court of Dirciitors had appointed me Major of their fettlement at 
 Bengal, and commander of their forces there. 
 
 In confec;aence of that information, I availed rayfelf of the opportunity of one of the Company's 
 fhips that was at St. Helena, and went back to Bengal. -^I arrived in the mouth of the river, I 
 think, in the beginning ol October in that year ; but being detained there five or fix days by con- 
 trary winds, I fuppofe it was about the I2th or 13th before I arrived at Calcutta : — ^^I there re- 
 ceived a letter from Mr. Vanfittart, who had heard of the flilp's being in the river, informing 
 ine he was gone to Muxadavad with Colonel Caliiaud, and wifhed me to follow him as foon as 
 poffible: — I accordingly tarried but a very tew days at Calcutta, and piocecded up to Mr. Van- 
 fittart. — In my way to one of the palaces, called Moradboc:, where Mr. Vanfittart was, I of ne- 
 cefTity palled by the Nabob's palace, while Colonel CalliauJ, with the troops, was there, it beiiv 
 the very day of the revolution, in the ad of making the revolution ; and yet every thin^r was lo 
 quiet, thatlpaffcd the place without having any idea of the matter. — Mr. Vaidittart, upon our 
 meeting, informed me of what had been tranfacted. 
 
 To Itate the circumllances relating to Ramiiarrain. 
 Ramnarrain was a very able man, but very av.iritious, and he had the credit of being very 
 
 wealthy, which was motive fufHcient for Coffim Ally Khan to wirti to have him in his power. 
 
 iC ■ He
 
 ( 38 ) 
 
 He was always an obiecft of jealoufy of the Nabob's, and even Meer Jaffier wiflied to have had 
 hold of his treafures'; however, my Lord Clive had fecured him from any injuftice of that na- 
 ture, and it was deemed a point of policy to fupport Ramnarrain ; and the firlt orders I received 
 after the vi«Slory over the Shawzadda, were to maintain the engagements which had been ob- 
 ferved in Lord Clive's time, with relpe£t to protciling Ramnarrain from any violence or injuftice 
 on the part of the Nabob, — The plea of his being in arrear was the pretext always made ufe of 
 for oppreflin<T him, but without foundation ; for in the frequent converfations I had with Ram- 
 narrain on th'e fubjedt, he always fecmed ready to come to a fair and equitable account : — The 
 Governor and Council thought proper afterwards to give me contrary dirediions refpedting that 
 unfortunate man : There ftands upon the Company's records a letter from me to the board, 
 (bewinw the contrariety of their orders, and an abfolute refufal, while I was at the head of their 
 forces, of doing fo diftionourable an act, as delivering up this man to his enemy. 
 
 Fort WiUiam confukations, 21 April 1 761 — Major Carnack's letter relating to Ramnar- 
 rain read. 
 
 The 2d order the Governor and Council gave me, was to deliver up Ramnarrain, which I 
 abfolutely rcfufcd. — In the interim Colonel Coote came and took the command of the army : — 
 Colonel Coote'5 purfuing the fame meafures, with refpeiSl to Ramnarrain, was an approbation 
 ofmycondudt, which was very plcafing to me. 
 
 At the time you left the army at Patna did you underftand that you had a right to quit the fer- 
 vice when you thought proper ? 
 
 I certainly had a right, in my apprehenfion, to refign the fervice, except to evade punifliment 
 for any crime I might have been guilty of, or in the face ot danger. 
 
 Whether you delivered fuch an opinion to the prefident at Calcutta ? 
 
 I did, and it ftands upon record. 
 
 Was there then any obligation or covenant between the military fervants and the Company to 
 ferve for any limited time ? 
 
 I believe there have been inftances of inferior officers entering into fuch covenants, but my com- 
 miflion was fent out without any Cuch flipulation ; and I wdl obferve, why in julticc it ought to 
 be fo, for it was in the power of the Governor and Council to dilmiis me at their pleafure. 
 
 Whether the fame liberty did not extend to all the other military fervants of the Company not 
 having entered into covenant ? 
 
 So I have always underflood fingly, and with reftriflion, as I have mentioned. 
 
 Do you imagine, that if at the time you had refigned, another perfon exercifing the fame 
 right at the fame time would have rendered an adion, innocent in itfelf, criminal by the condudt 
 of another .' 
 
 No — nor men in more than one — as no immediate detriment could have from thence en- 
 fued to the fervice ; but I fhould think myfelf highly criminal to join in a general combination 
 to refign. 
 
 Do you imagine that feveral perfons combining together to do an a£t, which was lawful for 
 each to do fcparately, would, by fuch combination, be guilty of a crime? 
 
 I do, and for this reafon, that general ruin (and more efpecially in India, where the lofs of 
 officers cannot be fupplied) would be the confequence of fuch a general refignation. 
 
 Do you think that every thing which may be hurtful in its confequences is therefore criminal 
 to do ? 
 
 Where the public is materially concerned I think fo. 
 
 Whether your motive for quitting the army was the orders you received for giving up Ram- 
 narrain ? 
 
 I did not quit the army, but was ordered down, I believe, with a view of removing every ob- 
 ftacle to the delivery up of Ramnarrain. 
 
 Whether you do not think that a breach of the general engagements, under which officers 
 ferved the Company, would have warranted a general refignation i" 
 
 I think it may tend to exculpate ; but no private confideration can warrant an adl, when the 
 public fafety is at flake. 
 Sir Eyre Coote. 
 
 To give an account of the particular circumftances relative to Ramnarrain. 
 
 After the campaign was over, on the coaft of Coromandel, which ended, I believe, in January 
 1760, I then went down to Bengal : — I may fay, prior to that, that I had received a letter from 
 the Governor and Council of Madrafs, 4 December 1760, informing me of the revolution in 
 Bengal, and that there was five lack of rupees fent from the Nabob, Coflim Ally Khan, for the 
 payment of the troops a£ling in the fiege of Pondicherry : — At that time we were, I believe, 
 three or four months in arrears to our black troops, notwithftanding all the attention the Governor 
 and Council of Madrafs paid to the fupplying us with money ; if that money had come in any 
 other way than by a revolution, it would have made me much happier than it did. — In my an- 
 fwer to that letter of the 7th, I gave my opinion of my difapproval of that revolution, as a mea- 
 fure I thought would be productive of the lofs of our reputation.— Upon my arrival in Bengal [ 
 found there was two different parties of the Council, the one that had formed the revolution, and 
 the other that difapproved of it : — I was intimately acquainted with the gentlemen of both thole 
 parties, and therefore, as the affair had happened, however unfortunate I thought it might prove, 
 I made it my bulinefs to endeavour to reconcile the two parties, with a refolution, at that time, 
 not to interfere in any matter of bufinefs or politicks where I thought no honour was to be gained ; 
 however, I was over perfuaded by Mr. Vanfittart and the other gentlemen (as a meafure which 
 
 thejr
 
 ( 39 ) 
 
 they told me they imagined would be of great fervice to the Company) to go up to the army 
 atPatna; accordingly 1 deftred they would give me jnftrudions to proceed by, which are as 
 foilows. 
 
 Inftrudiions to Colonel Coote in the Seledt Committee proceedings, Fort William, 2r 
 April 1 76 1, read. 
 By this, I believe, it will plainly appear, that the governor and council had two objefts in 
 iriew, in fending me there, one was the fixing a plan of operation u/on the fuppofition that we 
 fhould be able to conJuct the Mogul to Delhi ; the other to fccure and proted Ramnairain in 
 the province of Patiia : — Upon my arrival at Patna I applied, with the clofeft attention, to the 
 bufinefs upon which 1 wa^. fent there , I informed the Shawzadda of the fentiments of the Board 
 towards him, and the defire the Englifh had to affift him to the utmoit of their power, which he 
 feemed very fenfible of, and very deiirous of having; at the fame time defiring that he mi2;ht be 
 proclaimed and acknowledged by us as he had been by different powers in Indof^an ; and laid be- 
 thought it very extraordinary, that where he himfelf refided, there he was not acknowlcd'cd : 
 Thofe matters I communicated to the Board to receive their inlfnictions, as will be feen in the 
 courfeof thecorrefpondence i.i July. — I likewifc informed Ramnarrain, that I had orders from the 
 governor and council to prot;e(St him, provided he would fettle his accounts with the Nabob ■ and 
 therefore I delired him imaieoiately to let about it, informing the Nabob of the fame, as may be 
 feen in my correlpondence with the governor and council. — During thofe tranfadions I received 
 a letter from the Board, recommendmg it to me to proclaim ciie Kinir. — I found, that had I im- 
 mediately complied with the requeft of the Board, it might prove of fatal confequeiice to the 
 Nabob, and to the Company, at that time ; for he had given away feveral of the belt provinces to 
 difierent people that belongird to him, particularly Purnea, which will likewife be fceii in the 
 correfpondetice ; I therefoie thought it, to the belt ot my judgment, for the advantage of the 
 Company and the Nabob, as it was the Shawzadda's inclination, to let him go to Shujah Dowla ; 
 at the fame time I had got the Nabob to confent to that nieafure, and to pay a vilit with me to 
 the Shawzadda; then it w.is thought advifeaole, both by the Nabob, and leveral of the Com- 
 pany's fervants who were prefent, that the Nabob for himfclf, and I on behalf of the Eiialilh, 
 Ihould coin the Sitcas, and acknowledge him Mogul on the day that he Ihould pafi the boundary 
 of the province ; this he feemed fatishcd with, and it was agreed that Major Carnac, with part 
 of the army fliould efcort him ; the Major informing me, in proper time, of the day he fhould 
 join Shujah Dowla, in order that I might keep my promife, the Nabob confenting entirely to all 
 this matter ; and at the fame time agreed, that if we profccuted the expedition, and fettled mat- 
 ters with Shujah Dowla, that he would advance the 10 lack towards the payment of our forces. 
 —The King was but a few days gone, when the Nahob feemed to alter his fentiments entirely, 
 with regard to the promiles he had made, and turned his thoughts intirely towards the feizino- of 
 Ramnarrain, for which, if I would give him up, he offered me feven lack and a halfof rupees, and 
 whatever 1 plcafed to the gentlemen of my family ; tliis I comniun;cited, by letter, to the "overnor 
 and council of 17th July, 1761 : — The Nabob finding he could not gain his point, with regard to 
 Ramnarrain, then thought it necellaiy to write the governor, Mr. V'anfittart, the moft fcanda- 
 Jous inve6fives, and falfe accufations, againit me, and was determined that he would not declare 
 the King the day we had both given our words of honour for doing it. — He had then a laroe army 
 encamped on the outfiJe of Patna ; — I was then in the cit) , and from the detachments which I h^d 
 made, and which were fent for the collection of revenues with Major Carnac, I had not then 
 under my command above 150 Europeans, 70 of which were in the hofpitals, and I believe 7 
 or 400 Sepoys ; I was, with this force, to protect the city, Ramnarrain, and to defend my own 
 honour: — The Nabob knowing my weaknefs, thought it a proper opportunity to get polil'i!ioii 
 of the city: — He applied to me for leave to come into the fort of the city the d:iy before the Shaw- 
 zadda was to be procl.iimed ; to which I agreed, and he feemed thoroughly fatisfied, provided he 
 only brought in the attendants about his peifon ; this he coniented to : The night or two beiore 
 the Mogul was to be proclaimed, he fent me word, that he would not proclaim him, nor come 
 into the city, unlefs he had the gates deliveied up to him, which I would by no means confent 
 to; at the fame time I informed him, that I had given my honour for declaring the Mo^ul on 
 fuch a day, and I would have it performed in the city, which would not appear proper in the 
 eyes of the ciuntry, as he was Subah of the province, and begged we mi"ht have a conference 
 upon the fubj.-ct, which he evaded h.iving ; and I was informed by mv fpies, that that very ni''lit 
 his camp was all in motion, and his arti'lery brought towards the city. — 1 fent the next morning- 
 to one of his chief miiiiftcrs, to learn the reafon of fuch a movemeiu, and the mcaninr; of ths 
 Nabob, which he told me was done by Coja Gregory, who was his head general ; and he wai 
 not afraid to fay at the Durbar, that it would be productive of imfchief : Finding, the next niijhr, 
 the fame movemcnf! and difturbances in his camp, I thought it neceilary to go die next mornint; 
 myfclf, and to fee him if poflible ; accordingly I ordered a company of Sepoys, and a troop oV 
 30 horfemen that I had, to get themfelves in readiiK-fs by fix in the morning, at which hour the 
 next morning I fent Mr. Watts to inform him of my coming : It was feven before I arrived at 
 his tent, and Mr. \Vatis informed me, that the Nabob was not to be feen ; he had fent to him, 
 but had not leen him : 1 went into the outer tent, taking piltols in my hand for my owji fecurity, 
 and fat down there till I fliould hear further: — As it is a cuHom in India, when they mean ill 
 to a perfon that vilits them in camp, to cut the tent cords, and let the tent fall on the perfon they 
 mean to dcftroy, I defired C'jpt.iin Ifcr to place two of the troopers round the t;iit, to prevent 
 any mifchief of that kind ; and hnding the Nabob would not fee me, I rode away, and left Mr. 
 
 Wans
 
 a 
 
 ( 40 ) 
 
 Watts to inform him of my bufmefs : This the Nabob reprefented to the governor and council, 
 as a grievous infult, for which reafon I received fevcral exnaordinary letters from the Board, 
 which are upon the corrcfiwndcnce, w.th my anfwers ; and at my return to Calcutta, I dcfired 
 ftrid enquiry might be ma'lc iiito the matter ; and the enquiry was made. 
 
 i'Coiifuha'ions, Fort Willi im, 28 Septeaiber 1761, Letter to Colonel Coote read] 
 I was ordered by the Stkd Conimiitee to withdraw the protedion from Ramnarrain, which 
 I did accordin-'iy ; he was foon after murdered, and his trcafure feized. 
 
 [Letter, 18 June, 1761, to Colonel Coote, for Ramnarrain's fufpenfion, read.] 
 [17 July, Colonel Cootc's Letter in anfwer to d". read.] 
 The withdrawing^ the protection from Ramnarrain was in effect giving him up to the power 
 
 of theNrfbob. , ■ u . ,• 
 
 The papers read in the courfc of the above evide/ice are annexed m the App.-ndix, 
 
 N" 13. 
 Your Committee having taken the evidence of Colonel Munro, a Member of (he Houfe, 
 
 at his txpiefs dt;rne,^that he might be at liberty to arten 1 his private aflairs in Scot- 1 
 
 land, they have added it to th.-ir report, though beyond the period to which they have 4 
 
 been aole to exieiul their prefe.it entjuiry, as it has turned out. 1 
 
 Colonel Munio :— hi April 176+ 1 was under the King's orders, from his Majeffy's fecretaries 
 offtateand ivar, to return to Europe wi-.h fuch of his m>jefty's troops as did not chufe to mlift , 
 
 into the Companv's fervice ; I was accordingly to have cm-marked with the 'trooops the beginning | 
 
 of M-jy on board a Mnco.i fhip, which was to fail for Europe ; but before I embailced there were « 
 
 two expreffes arrived f:om Bengal, acquainting thi- Governor and Council at Bombay, that Shu- 
 iah Dowla anu CoffiiTi Al!y Khan had m.rched into the province of Bengal, at the head of 
 60 COO men : That Major Adams who commanded the army was dead: That the fettlement of 
 Calcutta was in the utmoll conlternation, and the Company's affairs in the utmoft danger ; they J 
 
 therefore requeft.d, thdt the governor and couiicil of Bombay would apply to me to go round I 
 
 immediately to take the tonimami of the army with his M:\jefty's troops, land as many as l| 
 
 could be fpared f:om the prefidency of Bombay. — As his Majeffy'^- ir.tcntion in fending out 
 his troops to India, by the orders I had, was to afliii and defend the Company in their 
 difrerent fettlements, I thought it would not be aiif'A'enng the intention of (ending them out 
 to return and leave the Comp.iny's affairs in that fituation ; I therefore complied with the 
 requeft, and arrived at Calcutta with his Majrfty's troops, and a detachment of the Com- 
 pany's from Bombay, fome time in the month of May 1764: Mr. Vanfutart, who was then 
 f/overnor, acquainted me that the army under the command of Major Carnac had been, 
 lince the death of Major Adams, and Shujah Dowla and his army had come into the pro- 
 vince upon the dcfenfive, and retreated before the enemy ; but I am fure, from Major Carnac's 
 gallant behaviour upon every occalion, that he will be able to give a proper account for 
 his conduct in that campaign. — Mr. Vanlittart reque'ded, that I would immediately repair 
 with the troops I had cariied round from Bombay, to join the army who were in canton- ^ 
 
 nient at Pitna, and take the comnvand of them. — I found the army, Europeans as well as ' 
 
 Sepovs, mutinous, delerting to the enemy, threading to cairy off their officers to the enemy, 
 demanding an augmentation of pay, demanding large fums of money, which they faid had 
 been promifed them by the Nabob, and difobedient to all order ; 400 of the Europeans had gone 
 off in a body, and joined the enemy fome time before 1 joined the army : This being the litu- 1 
 
 ation the army was in, I fully determined to endeavour to conquer that mutinous difpofition C 
 
 in them before I would attempt to conquer the enemy: — I accordingly went with a detach- 
 ment of the Kino- and Company's Europeans from Patna, with four held pieces of artillery, 
 to Chippera, one of the cantonments: — I think the very day, or the day after I arrived, a 
 whole battalion of Sepoys, with their arms and accoutrements, went oft' to join the enemy ; 
 I immediately detached about 100 Europeans, and a battalion of Sepoys, whofe officers told 
 me they thought they could depend upon them not to defcrt, with two field pieces, to en- 
 deavour to come up with the deferter?, and bring them back to me ; the detachment came 
 up with them in the night time, found them afltrep, took them priConers, and carried them 
 back to Chippera: — The officer who commanded the detachment, lent me an exprefs, ac- 
 quainting me with the hour he would arrive at Chippera with the priConers. — I was ready 
 to receive them with the troops under arms ; upon their arrival at Chippera, I immediately 
 ordered their officers to pick me out 50 of the men of the worfl charadters, and who they 
 thoufht mi"ht have enticed the battalion to delert to the enemy; they did pick out 50; 1 
 defired them to pick me out 24 men of thofe 50 of the worlt characters : I immediately or- 
 dered a field court marfhal to be held by their own black officers, and after reprefenting 
 to the officers the heinous crime the battalion had been guilty of, delired they would im- 
 mediately bring me their (ciuence ; they found them guilty of mutiny and delertion, (cn- 
 tenced them to' fuftsr death, and left the manner to me; I ordered immediately four of the 
 24 to be tied to the guns, and the artillery officers to prepare to l-!ow them away: — 
 There was a remarkable circumflance, four grenadiers reprefented, as they always had the 
 poft of honour, thought they were intitled to be hrft blown away; the f.. ur battalion men 
 were untied from the guns, and the four grenadiers tied and blown away, upon which the 
 f^uropean officers of the bjttalions of Sepoys, who were then in the field, came a::d told 
 me that the Sepoys would not tultcr any more of the men to be blown away : — I or- 
 dered the aitiiiery officers to load the four held pieces with grape (hot, and drew up the 
 
 Euro- 
 
 I
 
 C 41 ) 
 
 Europeans with the guns in their intervals ; defired the officers to return at the heads of their 
 battalions ; ordered them immediately to ground their arm*, and if one of them attempted to 
 move, I w- uld give orders to fire upon them, and tieat them the fame as if they were Scrajah 
 Do «'lah's army. — They did ground their arms, and did not attempt to take them up again, upon 
 which I ordered i6 more of the 24 to be tied to the guns by force, and blown away the fame 
 as the firi^, which was done : I immediately ordered the other four to be carried to 4 canton- 
 ment, wnere there had been a defertion of the Sepoys fome time before, with politive orders to 
 the commanding officer at that cantonment to blow them away in the fame manner at the guns, 
 which was accoidmgly done, and which put an end to the mutiny and defertion. 
 
 I prepared to talce the field as early as poflible after the rains, with the army, and fixed the 
 15th of September for the rendezvous of the troops from their dift".irent cantonments :—.\ couple 
 of d.ys before the army marched, I had intelligence that the enemy had advanced fevera' parties 
 of horfe, and had thr'>wii up fome breaft works on the banks of theSoane, to impede the croiliiiJ 
 of the ifoops : — I ordered Major Champion with a detachment and 4 field pieces to march and 
 crofs the Soane fome miles b^dow, where the army was to crofs, after fixing with him the hour 
 and day that I intended to arrive at the Soane with the army :— I defired that he might be at that 
 time on the other fide, and endeavour to diflodge the enemy, and cover the landing of the troops. 
 —That officer was fo pointed in executing his orders, he begari to fire upon the Cp.emy juft as the 
 van of the army appeared upon the banks of the Soane, and fooh ddlodged them, by which 
 means the whole army, in 4 hours, was landed on the other fide without the lealt nioleitation : 
 —I continued to march on towards Buxar, where the erifmy was : — The laft 2 or 3 days marcii 
 the line of march was a good deal harr.ifled by the enemy's cavalry, fo much that there was 2 
 fcrjcants and 6 or 7 men of the advanced n;uard were killed : — Upon the 22d of October wc ar- 
 rived at Buxar, and encamped juft without ransje of the enemy's (hot ; and upon my going to re- 
 connoitre their fituation wiih fome of the field officers, I found the greatefl: part of them were en- 
 trenched with the Ganges upon their left and the fort or village of Buxar on their rear: — I in- 
 tended to have attacked their camp about I or 2 in the morning of the 23d, and fent out fpies 
 to bring me fome pieces of intelligence, fuch as to know whether I could bring mv artillery on 
 the right of their camp, refolving not to attack them on their left, that we might have a better 
 chance to drive them into the Ganges than they fhould us : I likewife wanted to know in what 
 part of their encampment the force of their artillery lay, and where the Vizier and Coffim Ally 
 Khan's tent flood : — The fpies did not return to camp by 12 o'clock at night: — I took it for 
 granted they had been taken prifoners, and therefore rcfolved to put otF the attack till the 24th 
 in the morning : Two of the fpies came in by day- light of the morning of the 23d, and told me, 
 that the enemy were under arms all night, moving th.ir artillery, and fending ofF their trca- 
 fure and women in the night. — I went immediately with Ibme officers to look at their dilpofition : 
 I faw a good many of their troops under arms, but not out of their entrencnmcnts. — The officers 
 who were wi.h me, as well as myfelf, thought they only meant to (hew the.Tifelves in Order to 
 ftrilce a terror into our troops, never imagining they would quit their lines in order to attack us ; 
 and as I never heard of a Black army before attacking a European army, I returned to our campi 
 wifliing they would come out and attack u<, for our army was encamped in order of battle. — 
 About eight o'clock in the morning the field officer of the day came into my tent as I was 
 at breakfaft, and acquainted me, that the enemy's right was in motion, and he was fure they 
 meant to attack us; I immediately went out with my reconnoitring glafs in my hand, and faw 
 and thought as he did, upon which I ordered the drums to beat immediately to arms, which was 
 done, and the troops advanced from their encampment, and were in a few minutes readv to re- 
 ceive them : — The adtion laftcd from nine till twelve ; the enemy then gave way, went olf" very 
 flowly, blowing up fevcral tumbrels and three large magazines of powder as they went off. — I 
 immediately ordered the line to break into columns and purfuc; and two miles from the field of 
 battle there was a rivulet, where the enemy had a bridge of boats ; they pierced the boats, and 
 funk them before the rear of their army got over ; by which means there Was about 2000 of 
 them drowned and (licking in the mud ; but that was the beft piece of Generalfhip Shujah Dowla 
 (hewed that day, bccaufe, if 1 could have crofTed the rivulet with the army, I would either have 
 tdkcn or drowned his whole army in the Carnalla, and come up with his treafure and jewels, 
 and Coffim Ally Khan's jewels, which I was informed, amounted to between two and three 
 millions. 
 The flrcngth of our army at this battle, were as follows : 
 
 Fiuropeans in battalion, rank and hie, 746; of which 250 were King's troops. — Artilfcry fncn 
 71. — European cavalry, 40. — In all, European 857, exclufive of officers. — Sepoys, rank and 
 file, 5,297 — Black cavalry 918 : In all 7,072. — Train of artillery, 20 field pieces. — European 
 officers killed 2, wounded 7. — Europeans killed 34, wounded 49. — Non-commiffijiied officer-, 
 killed 3, wounded 6. — Europeans killed and wounded loi. — Sepoys killed 205, wounded 414, 
 miffing 85. — Black cavalry, killed 45, wounded 24. — ki'led and wounded 847. — Artillery taktn 
 in the field 133 pieces of different fizes, all upon carriages, and moft of them Englilh carri.iges. 
 The enemy was reported to be 60,000 ; but I am fure, there were not Icfs than 40,000. — I am 
 likewi(e fure, that there mull have been 2,000 of them killed in the field of battle, exclufive of 
 thofe drowned. And as I had not furgeons fufficient to drcfs our own wounded, and give them 
 any affiftancc, I went every day for 5 days fucceffively, to every man of their wounded in the 
 field, and gave rice and water to fuch as would take it, and which was all the affiflancci could 
 give them. — .The army remainvU at Buxar for fevcral days, until hofpitals were provided for the 
 
 L wounded
 
 ( 42 ) 
 ded and to bury the dead.— I then marched the army into Shujah Dowla's country, and 
 r"^r an exDrefs to Calcutta, for further Direaions from the Governor and Council.— The Mogul 
 r^hl Allum) wrote mc a ItCter the day after the battle, giving mc joy of the vidory over the 
 Vi^tr who had kept him as a Ttate priioner, and dcfirmg I would take him umler my proteclion ; 
 TacQuaintin- mc, that though he was with the Vizier in camp, he had Iclt him the night be- 
 f the b ittle —My anfwer to this letter, was as nearly as I can remember, that I would imme- 
 !r Hv fend an exprefs to Mr. V.mftttart, the Governor at Calcutta, but that I would not 
 k hini^ under protcdion until I knew how far fuch a ftep might be proper, and for the intereft 
 f the Company.— He lent to me, and wrote to mc repeatedly before 1 bad an anfwer from Cal- 
 r defiring me to c«me to him, for he had fomcthing very particular tocommuiicate tame : 
 T^t Urt feni him word, that I wculd wait upon him, provided he would not look uptm himfelf 
 nder the Eai'lifli protection ; to which he confented.— When I waited upon him, he told me, 
 th^'if iht En-'lifh fok him under protedion, he would give them Shujah Dowla's country, 
 th!t or any thing the chat they plcaled to df-mand, and repeated many griev.inces and hardfhips 
 that Shuiah Dowla laid him under , and laid, he was only his ftave priioner.— I continued to 
 march the army on toward- Ban^ras; and the Mogul continued to march with his guard., and 
 camped every night pietiy clofe tu ow encampment. Bv\orc the armv arnveJ at Ban ras, I 
 h"d ail anfwer from the Governor and Counti!, who conlented, thai the King (hould be tak.n 
 under protedion. — Upon the army's arriving at B maras, Shujah Diwla lent me his mmifter 
 Benev Bahadre, with over ures of pCiCe, whicn 1 refufed, becaufe I incited upon it in th^r firft- 
 ■ ftance that he would deliver me up Colli in Ally Ktian and Sumro ; tne former had ordered fo 
 '"any of' the fubjtcts of Great Britain to be maliacred, and the latter undertook to put the horrid 
 crime in execution, when no man in the Nabob's army would undertake it out himfel*. — Sumro 
 was a German, and a general officer ; and had been before a ferjeant in th. French lervice, de- 
 ferted from them to us, and from us to Coffim Ally Khan. — He commanded Shujah Dowla's ar- 
 tillery at the battle of Buxar, and had 3 or 400 French deferters from our army under hi com- 
 ^2nJ _Bene Bahadre told me, Shujah Uowla never could think of giving up C fTim Ally Khan 
 or Sumro, but If I palled from that demand, I might have any other terms 1 pleafed ; h- faid, 
 Shuiah Dowlah would give 25 lack of rupees, to defray the expences the Company had been at 
 in the war. 25 lack to the army ; and 8 lack for myfelf. — This he told me in the preil-nce of Cap- 
 tain Stables anM Gordon, who were my aid de camps, and both now in England, Mr. Stewart, 
 mv fecretary, and my interpreter. — My anfwer was, if he gave me all the lacks in his treafury, I 
 would make'no peace with him, until he had delivered me up thofe murdering rafcals, for I never 
 could think that my receiving 11 or 12 lack of rupees, was a fufficient atonement for the blood 
 of thofe unfortunate gentlemen who were murdered at Patna, nor a fufficient atonement to the 
 weepino- parents, friends, and relations, of thofe unfortunate gentlemen ; thefe were my very 
 words.— Upon this, Bene Bahadre and I parted. — He returned a iecond time, with afTurances 
 from Shujah Dowla, that if I made peace with him, he would put me upon a method of laying 
 hold both of Coffim and Sumro ; and made ufe of all the perfuafive arguments he could, to in- 
 duce me to make peace.— I Ibll infilled upon my firft preliminary : Bene Bahadre defired, if that 
 was the cafe, that I would permit Captain Stables, who fpoke the country language, to return 
 with him to the Nabob's camp ; that the Nabob wanted to fpeak with Captain Stables.— I told 
 Capiain Stabks, that as I was fully determined never to depart from his giving up Coffim Ally 
 Khan and Sumro in particular, I did not wilh or advife him to go, for that they might ufe him 
 the fame way as the other unfortunate gentlemen. — Captain Stables replied, that he would with 
 pleafure rifk his own life; could he be the inftrument of bringing thofe two to be made public 
 examples of. He accordingly went with Bene Bahadre to the Nabob's camp, and when he re- 
 turned he told me, that fince he found I was fully determined to have Coffim and Sumro, that 
 in regard to Coffim, he would not by any manner of means deliver him up, but let him efcape. 
 
 g^j as to Sumro, if I fent 2 or 3 gentlemen from theEiiglifh camp who knew Sumro, he 
 
 would alk Sumro- to an entertainment; and in prefence of thole gentlemen, he would order himi 
 
 to be put to death. ---He offered Captain Stables a fum of money, to endeavour to prevail upon 
 
 me to aTee to his terms ; but as I never would, the next thing to be confidered was, the 
 
 manner of driving Shujah Dowla intirely out of his country, who was then at Lucknow with 
 
 the remains of his army; and to confider of the manner of fettling his country.---! wrote to 
 
 Calcutta to the Governor and Council, fent them a letter the King wrote to me much about this 
 
 time; propofinii, that he fhould have-fo much of Shujah Dowla's country, and cede the reft to 
 
 the Company ;"and requcft me, that I would make no peace with Shujah Dowla.---! fent this 
 
 letter to Calcutta, defiring to know the diredtions of the Governor and Council with regard to 
 
 this matter ; and acquainting them likcwife, that ! was determined to leave the army fo as to 
 
 return to Calcutta, to embark with the laft fliip that fliould fail that feafon with his Majefty's 
 
 troops. ---The Governor and Council fent a copy of a treaty to be executed by the King, and 
 
 Mr. Marriot, Mr. liillers, who was chief of Patna, and Mr. Daker, to be piefent at the execu- 
 
 tina of this treaty.— The treaty with the King was executed. 
 
 As fo much time had been taken up by thefe tranfadtion?, and the time drawing near for my 
 quittin'» the command. Major Carnac was ordered by the Governor and Council to repair iiri- 
 mediatdy to take the command.— I left the army the 'bth of January 1765. and met Major Car- 
 nac upon his way to take the command ; ! told him what my plan of operitions w^uld be, "had 
 I remained in the command ; and which were as follows: As I hold it a rule n oicr to be de- 
 parted from in that country, not to come to a general action wim the army, except yvhere every 
 
 thiniT
 
 ( 43 ) 
 thing is at flake; I determined, as we were in pofl'cflion of I believe the grcateft part of Shujah 
 Dowla's country, to h.:ve remained fomc time longer in camp, as his army mufl of courfe difperfe 
 when his money was i^ut ; and if I found that would take up too much time, I would march 
 the armv towards Lucknar, and if he came to aclion, to have then rifked a battle with him, and 
 taken p fllffion of Lucknar and Illahabad, which was his whole country, with what he had in 
 polleffion ; i toid this to Major Carnac, who faid, he would follow the fame plan. 
 
 The Company's governor and council, and all the fervants at the fettlement of Calcutta or 
 elfewbcie, wrre under no apprehcnfions from what Shi;j;ih Dowla or Cofllm Ally Khan, could 
 do aire: the battle ot Buxar, as will appear from fevcral letters wrote me from the prefidencv, and 
 by thtir letters home, alter the battle ot Buxar. — The Company's inveftmcnts for Europe were 
 carried on that year in the fame manner as ufual ; they hud no enemy nearer the fettlement of 
 Calcutta than 8oo miles, and that enemy at the head ot the remains of a conquered army : That 
 was the fituation I leU the country in ; and before 1 embarked for Europe, and before (General 
 Carnac joined the army. Sir Robert Fletcher marched the army, took poflcnion of Illahabad and 
 Lucknow ; and Shujah Dowla's army, as I undcrftood, totally difperfed. 
 
 If, at the time you found the army in that mutinous diffiofition, they were regularly paid ? 
 
 They were. 
 
 Whether you know of any promife that had been made them of an increafe of pay, or of any 
 promile of a prefciit made frum the Nabob ? 
 
 I am fure there was no piomife of an increafe of pay ; nor do I know of any promife of a 
 prefent ; but I heard that Mfijor Adams told them, they fliould have a prefent from the Nabob, 
 if they drove the troops out of the country. 
 
 What do you apprehend, was the caufe of that mutinous difpofition ? 
 
 From the diff:rtr.t adiioiis the troops were in with Coffim Allv Khan, and their bcino; able 
 to drive li,m trom ^;ort to poft, under th^it gallant officer Major Adams ; they thought thcmfelves 
 jntitled to benefit by th^t luccefs, aid I fuppofe (o\- ing to the troops; bein^ in the field; there 
 mult hiveheen a relaxation ol dllciplinc. — Thefe are the mouvei that I fuppofe induced them to 
 mutin)', and probably there might have been large promifes from the enemy if they would 
 join them. 
 
 Ot what nation were thefe Europeans that mutinied, and deferted tn the enemy ? 
 
 Moftly P'reiich — and I believe fome Germans — don't know whether tlieie were any Englifh. 
 
 Whether thofe Europeans were mixed with the Enghfh Companies, or whe her they were ia 
 a corps by themfelves ? 
 
 They were mixed with the Erg'ifh Companies. — Did not get back any of ihofe deferters ex- 
 cept one. 
 
 V\'here do the Indian princes get their artillery and gunpowder? 
 
 Their artillery they get from England, Holland, and France. — For while I was in Indiaj 
 there was hardly a lliip came there, that did not fell them cannon and iniall arms. — The gun- 
 powder they mnke the moll of it themfelves. — They caft fome cannon — but there is no black 
 prince that caft cannon but the King of Travelcore. — Shot tliey caft in abundance. 
 
 What number of Sepoys can be got in the Eaft-Indies .' 
 
 1 believe any number you pleafe. — The cannon and military ftores are finutjgled into the 
 country, and 1 believe the Company have made fome examples, — I always thought it a verv great 
 fcandal, that fuch things IhouJd he fuftered. — I think fuch a praftice might be eafily prevented, 
 as to the Englifh fmuggling. 
 
 What do you apprehend would be the means of making the Sepoys faithful and good 
 foldiers ? 
 
 One method is a (inO. Jifcipline ; — another, is having them to a£t with the Europeans ; — an- 
 other, (uftering them their own culloms and manners with regard to religion, when it does not 
 interfere with their duty, to be well paid and have good cloathing, and incrcafing the number of 
 European officers, good care when they are litk, and ufing them well in every refpe£t while they 
 behave well. 
 
 What is your opinion of preferving our conquefts in India ? 
 
 In the firft place, always to keep a proper force of Europeans in that country ; never fufterino- 
 the Company's Icrvants to make war againft the country povvers, until it is evident that they are 
 the firft agi^relTors ; and making proper laws in the country, fo as that the executive power may 
 be properly executed. 
 
 What force of Euiopeans fbould be kept in that country, and Bengal particularly ? 
 
 I think never k-fs than an eftabliftimcnt of3COO men — and I {hould rather think, if they could 
 be fpared from thi^ country, they ought to be 4600 ; not that I think 3-000 men are fufficient to 
 defend that country againft all the country powers '.vho may make war againft the ICnglilh ; but 
 my reafon for faying, that another looo belidesthe 3000 might be neccfiary, would be tocounter- 
 balancc the black troops who muft be neceftarily employed in that country, and who are capable 
 of being -taught difclpline almoft equal to the Europeans. 
 
 What number of Scp'iys is a proper and fafe proportion for 3000 Europeans .' 
 
 About four parts in iivi., or more. 
 
 What do you think might be the fupply of recruits necclTary to maintain an eftabliflimcnt of 
 3000 men in that country i" 
 
 About 500 men yearly in time of peace. 
 
 What
 
 ( 4+ ) 
 What is your opinion of ihe expediency of employing foreigners in that country, and particu- 
 larly Germans and Swifs ? , , . . r ,•» • t. 
 
 That any foreigners whatfoever never ought to be employed by the Lnglilh in that country. — 
 have already given an example, that when an enemy was in the field they deferted to them ; and 
 that they are of a quite different religion, if they are of any at all.— I therefore think they would 
 upon every occafion, der^ rt from us to to thofe of the fame religion as themfelves ; and it has al- 
 ways been found, that they do fo— Another realbn is, that as we have but juft the number 
 that is abfolutcly neceflary in that country, I don't think they can be depended upon in time 
 
 of action. r c r r-> n. • T J- 
 
 Do you know whether there have been any corps of bwifs or Lrerman proteltants in India, 
 
 under their own officers .' 
 
 I don't know of any fuch corps. 
 
 What is your opinion, if they had corps of Swifs ? 
 
 I am againft corps of foreigners, of Swifs or Germans ; — but as to having fome mixed, I 
 have no objedion to it ;— it might do very well. 
 
 What is your opinion of employing as private men the Catholicks from Ireland ? 
 
 I think they might be very well and fafely employed. — I am always for having the greateft 
 number of troops from this country. 
 
 Whether European cavalry would be necefTary ? 
 
 Certainly of very great ufe. 
 
 What number would you recommend out of thefe 3000 to be European cavalry ? 
 
 At leaft one third. 
 
 What proportion of the black troops ought to be cavalry ? 
 
 If it was meant to have European cavalry, I would have no eflablifliment of black cavalry 
 at all, being of no ufe in time of peace ; and in time of war only of ufe to keep the line quiet on 
 
 the march. r- n. n.- 
 
 Whether it has not been the cuftom for time immemorial, for Captains of Englilh fhips to fell 
 arms and military ftores to the natives of India ? 
 
 The time I was in India, itwaaacuftom; and have heard, it was always the cuftom. 
 
 Whether the French, Dutch, and Danes, and all other nations, do not likewife fell militar}' 
 ftores ? 
 
 Always heard that they did. 
 
 Whether you think there is a probability of preventing other nations from doing it .' 
 
 No. 
 
 Whether it might not be a dangerous experiment to train the Sepoys fo as to make them equal 
 
 to Europeans ? . 
 
 It may be a dangerous one, but it will ftil! be a more dangerous one not to do it. 
 
 Whether you know or have heard of any other great defertion, except what you have men- 
 tioned ? 
 
 Not from my own experience, but have heard the officers fay, that foreigners always would 
 
 defert. About a fifth or fixth part of the private men might be foreigners, to be mixed with the 
 
 other troops. 
 
 Was you offered a Jaghire by the King ? 
 
 The King gave me a Jaghire — t was in polTeflioB of it; of £. I2,5C0 a year for life upon 
 fome of the provinces in Bengal, for my fervices to him and the country. — Upon my receipt of 
 it, I wrote immediately to Mr. Spencer, who was governor at Calcutta, acquamting him with VI 
 
 the King's having given me a Jaghire. — I received his anfwer, after I had quitted the command 
 of the army, — Mr. Spencer acquainted me, that ray receiving fuch a Jaghire was fo much con- 
 tiary to the interefl of the Cortipany, that they never would fuffer me to hold it ; that I might 
 remember the Company's having gone to law wiih Lord Clivc about his Jaghire ; and requefted, 
 that I would deliver it up to the Nabob when I faw him, who would not only behave handfomely 
 upon the occafion, but that the Company would never fee me the fufferer from fuch an adi, after 
 the fervices 1 had done them. — From that moment, I refolved to deliver it up to the Nabob when 
 I faw him, and upon my arrival at Muxadavad, at his palace, I waited on the Nabob, who was 
 then ill ; I told him, that I had got a Jaghire from the King, but as I was about to leave the 
 country, I would leave it with him. — This was in the prelcnce of Mr. Middleton, refident at 
 the Durbar, Captains (}ordon and Stables : — The Nabob upon receiving the Jaghire, fmiled, 
 andfaid, this is a piece of generolity I am little accuftomed to, but if I live, you (hall not be the 
 fufferer; and dcfired his minifter Nundcomar, to defire the interpreter to acquaint me, that he 
 begoed my acceptance of two lack of rupees, which would be at Calcutta much about the time 
 thafl arrived there. — A few days after my arrival at Calcutta, I received a letter from the Nabob's 
 fon, acquainting me with his father's death, requefting my intereft for him to fucceed his father 
 as Subah, and acquainting me, that he knew the whole tranfadtion of the Jaghire, and the pro- 
 mifes his father made me, and affuring me, that he would make them good ; and in this fituation 
 I left my jaghire and my lacks. — I had a letter from Mr. Spencer fince I came to England, ac- 
 quainting me, that he had acquainted my Lord Clive, of the demands I had upon the govern- 
 ment ; that his Lordfhip promifcd him, if there was fo much remaining of the Nabob's out- 
 ftanding debts, he would order the payment of the two lack of rupees to my attorney. — I am very 
 happy Irom his Lordftiip's eminent fervices to this country and the Company, ihat he has a more 
 rcfponfible fund for the payment of his Ta^hire ; at the fame time, 1 cannot hcip regretting, 
 
 that 
 
 i
 
 ( 45 ) 
 
 that his Lordfhip did not tViiok my two years rent defcrved a better fund than the Nabob's ot!t- 
 fiandiiJ Jirbt-. — L:t my I'mall feiv.ces be rewarded as they may; let individuals think of rhetn as 
 ihcypleale; 1 hope tads will come out Dtfore this Committee is at an end, to fhcw them and 
 the w .lid ih.it thi* cOJiitiy has iiecn (erved ; that this Eail India Company has been faved by more 
 ttijn one '>i two me ■, many brave and gallant men have done honour to their Kimr, have done 
 lervi.e co ihi> country, and have faved the Eait India Company ; and fome of them have loft their 
 livf s in ihe ca:fe. — I never have itccived any part of the two lack, nor any prelent from the 
 Laft .ndia Company. 
 
 VVnaner at tr.e time the Mogul granted the Jaghiie, the Nabob paid any revenues or acknow- 
 ledgcnie t- to chc Mcgul ? 
 
 He iiid n )t, n.jr did le pay any of the roval revenues from Bengal, which was ftinulated to have 
 been piio ir> ihe Moj^ul, enher by the Nabob or the Company, 1 don't know which. 
 
 Wneiher ihia is not the tirit time that you have mentioned the circumltance of Mr. Spencer's 
 Jeitei ? 
 
 It is the firft time, and probably will be the laft time ; and I ftiould not have mentioned it 
 now if it had not happened to have come in as I thought properly, in anlwer to a queftion that 
 wa> aOc. d III- ; and becujn; when Lord Clr. e was upon the ("pot, from his not havini' onlered the 
 p.iy^iient ot' u, I tiiought nis Lordlhip did not think I deferved it, and I gave him no trouble a- 
 bout i', and i knew it a as not m my Lnd Clive's power to do it when lie came hoiile. 
 
 Whether you think it would have been proper tor l^ord Clive to have ordered the Nabob to piy 
 thit iTi;>iicy ? 
 
 Had I been in his Lordfhip's fituation, and he in mine, I certainiv would have ordered the 
 Nabob to pay it. 
 
 Did you ever hear that Loid Clivc ordered the Nabob to pay fuch a thing to any man livin'^ ' 
 No. 
 
 Did you ever hear of any money that was offered to Mr. Spencer, if he would continue Nund- 
 comer abojt the perf in oi tne NaOob ? 
 
 When I ca.ne do vnt) Calcutta, Mr. Spencer told me, that he w.is ofte-ed feveral lack of ru- 
 pees (ab lUt 9, JO, or ii lack, can't (ay exa^aiy) to fupport Nundcomar, which he lefufed. 
 
 Whether you kiio v of any orders ("ent by the Directors aOroaJ, to put the 2 lack promifed vou 
 by the Nabob, in a courie oi payment ? 
 
 To ch-: belt of my rem nnbrance, 1 never had anv public intimation from th» Cojrt of Dire*51:o'-s- 
 that they had lent <lrder^ to that purpole, but tome ot the Diieclors told me privately, that the 
 Nabob was to be put under ftoppages of (b much yearly for the payment of the donation to the 
 navy, tiie relticuuon, a..d the 2 lack which he promifed to pay me, and that is all 1 know of the 
 matter. 
 
 Did you mike any application to the Mogul for your Jaghire ? 
 N(> — nornopeilcn lor me. 
 
 Sir George Co'tbnx he (chairman of the Eaft India Company) informed the Committee that 
 orders was tent out laft Mar^h or April twelve months, to redace the incdme of the Nabob to i6 
 lack of rupees during his minority, and to app'y the furplus of his revenue tD the payment of the 
 reftitution, and to Ci loi.el Monro's 2 lack of rupees. 
 Do you believe that money will be paid ? 
 I have no doubt about it. 
 
 [43J paragraph general letter to Bengal, 10 April, 1771, read] 
 Colonel Monro, 
 Had you an ofter of the Dewanny from the Company ? 
 Ye'. — The King, when 1 firft faw him, offered me the Dewanny. — He told me he had ofTered 
 
 it before. — I believe he oft'ered it to Sir Eyre Cootc after the Mogul's father's death He offered 
 
 it before that to M.ijor Carnac, as I am informed ; and Mr. Vanlittart, before I joined the army, 
 alTurcd me that he could have had the Dewanny, but did not know how far he could be jufdlied 
 in fuch an aft, or how far it might tend to the interelt of the Company. — My r^afons for not 
 accepting the offer were, that I formed no plans of any kind, but that of extricating the Company 
 from the danger that threatened them. 
 
 The Governor and Council were, or ought to be, the judges what was, or was not, for the 
 intereft ot the Company. — I was, Drought to be, the proper judge what was for the honour of 
 his Majefty's troops to be concerned in ; and as Mecr Jafficr had been but juff placed upon the 
 Mufnud, for the fecond time, and as the Company's affairs did not require dcpofino- him, nor his 
 own conduct deferve it at that time ; I thought it wou d neither be fir the credit of their troops 
 cr the honour ot the commanding officer, to adopt fuch a meafure — So much was this my opi- 
 nion, fo well did I know Mr. Vanfittart's fentiments upon that fubjed, before I joined the army, 
 that I do not remember I ever faid any thing to him about it. — Thefe were my reafons for not 
 accepting the King's offer. 
 
 Whether the Mogul could have cffeftually granted the Dewanny to the Company without the 
 Nabob's content ? 
 
 I think the Mogul could and would have done any thing at that time that I defired him, with- 
 out the conlent of the Nabob, and the Company would have reaped any benefit from that <rrant 
 of the King's that they pleafed, becaufe ever fince Coflim Ally Khan had been drove out of the 
 country, the Company dicmfelvcs have been the Nabob, there has been only a nominal Nahoh 
 
 M After
 
 have ; 
 
 r 46 ) 
 
 After the battle of Buxar, did you receive any letter from the Governor and Council, acknow- 
 ledc'ing the merit of your fervices upon that occafion ? -■ , , r, ,u . „, • . r ,. 
 
 fhaXe received feveral.— I imagine that one I received immediately after the battle is before the 
 
 CommitieC. . ,, r ry.- n u > 
 
 Did you receive any letter from the Court of Direftors here ? 
 
 No I did not— but the chairman and deputy chairman came to nle, at my return, to make 
 
 fuch acknowledetmcnt. .1. r u- xi r .1. t u- 
 
 Did you make any application to the Diredors at your return, upon the fubjeft of the Jaghire 
 
 and 2 lack ? 
 Yes. 
 
 What anfvi'erhad you? 
 
 I had no public anfwcr. ,, • .» c vt u ^ , -, 
 
 FLetter from prel'idcnt, &c. of Fort WiUiam, to Major Munro, 6 November 1764, read.] 
 Whether for •'iving v.p the Jaghire ot £. 12,500 a )t<.r, and for the (erviccs peitormed to the 
 
 Company, you have ever received from the Comp.iny any re^rard whatloever ? 
 
 None of any kind whatever. r> r 1 /-. i 
 
 Whether y.^udd n)t unJerftand from Mr. Spencer (the Prefident at Calcutta) that you (hould 
 ave amends made y..u by the C .m,.any forgiving up the Jighire ? 
 
 I do confels that I did ; and I alfo l^y, ihar couM 1 have conceived that the Company would 
 have fervcd me lo ungrateiuhy in miny refpeiSts, lince my arrival from India, I never would have 
 given up my jaghire. . , . ^ r , ^ ^ 
 
 Whether after the battle of Buxar, you received any private donations from any of the Eaft- 
 
 ern Princes ? , „- . . . , , 1 . . 
 
 Upon the army encamping at Banaras, the officer who commanded the detachment in the 
 town wrote me a card, acquainting me that a Rajah had Ibmething very particular to communi- 
 cate to me, and if I granted his requeft, he would give me 4 lack of rupees, and a handfomc 
 prefenttot'heofRcer.— Therequeft he made me was to dilpoflels Rajah Bulwand Sing, who was 
 Zemindar, from the collection of the country.— I told him I would not ; I was dehred to make no 
 alteration of any kind.— About the time 1 was quitting the army, Bulwand Sing hearing I had 
 reie£ted this offer, came to me, and told me that he was fenlible of my favours to him, and beg- 
 ged my acceptance of 80,000 rupees, which is ^. 10,000.— and except that, from the day I com- 
 manded the army, which was near hve years, further than the common cuftomary compliments, 
 which are of fmall amount, and which 1 made in my turn to others ; I folemnly declare, I never 
 received a finde rupee by way of prefent, either in money or jewels. — While I had the command 
 of that army,°I refufed the offers of above £. 300,000 at different times, for making alterations 
 in the offices of the government, I recollect that at my leaving the country, the Nabob fent 
 /. ■JOOO for me, and ;{|. 3000 among the officers of my family, which are the ufual prefents to 
 the commanding officer. 
 
 How long was you in Bengal .? , ■ ■ ri.^ ^. ^ 
 
 From May 176410 the end of February or beginning of March 1765. 
 
 When did the fpirit of mutiny firft fliew itfelf in the army ? 
 
 Before I came to the command. 
 
 Did you levy any contribution at Banara-:, or elfewhere ? 
 
 T never did lay the Company under any contributions of any kind ; the merchants of B 
 
 ve 4 lack of rupees to the army, for proteition to themfelves and their effeds. — I imme( 
 
 anarat 
 pave 4 lacK. 01 rupees to luc ami)', lui piui.i.>-""" .« •.•■^•■■•^.■•— - -•— '•■>... »...^wv.,. — * ....mediately 
 acquainted the Governor and Council with it, to have their fan£lion for the army to receive it— 
 which is upon the Company's records ; and they gave their confent. 
 Was that the only place where any fuch contribution was given ? 
 The only one in my time. 
 
 What proportion had you of the 4 lack, as commander m chief? 
 An eighth part. 
 Mr. Strachey. 
 Whether you ever heard Lord Clive fay, that Mr. Spencer had applied to his Lordfliip to apply 
 to the Nabob for payment of the 2 lack of rupees, promifed to Colonel Munro t 
 
 Never did and I think that had Mr. Spencer mentioned that circumftance to Lord Clive, it 
 
 was moft probable that his Lordfhip would have mentioned it to me, who was his fecretary, antl 
 conftantly with him. 
 General Carnac. 
 The fame queftion ? 
 
 I never did ; and I had not a doubt till this day, but that the Nabob had made Colonel Munrt> 
 fuch an acknowledgement as his fcrvicesdcferved. 
 Colonel Munro. 
 Is not Banaras one of the richeft cities in India ? 
 
 Yes. 
 
 What is the rate of intereft at Banaras r 
 
 Can't tell, but thinks it lower there than any where elfc. 
 
 How long was you inquelling the mutiny, and reftoring the army to a proper difciplme .' 
 
 From the beginning of June to fomc time in July, when I made the example I have before 
 
 The papers read in the courfe of the above evidence are annexed in the appendix, N° 14. 
 
 Your
 
 ( 47 ) 
 *" Your Committee, in reading over the report, judged it necefTary to read further papers rclatin'»- 
 to Lord v,live's Jaghire and prcfents, which, together with his Lordfhip's explanation of the lat- 
 ter, are added in the appendix, N" 15. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Lift of Charter?, or Letters Patents, granted to the Eaft-India Company ; read. 
 
 43d Eliz. A charter, or letters patent, of a fpecial incorporation of merchants, by the name 
 of the Governor and Company of Merchants of London, trading into the Eafl-Iiidics, with di- 
 ver;) privilCj^eb to them and their fuccell'ors, for 15 years from Chriftmas laft. 
 
 7ih James, 31ft May. A charter, or letters patent of incorporation, to the faid governor and 
 company, with divers privileges to them and their fucce/Tois for ever. 
 
 8th James. A chjrter, or letters p^iteiit, of privilege, that neither the faid governor and com- 
 pany, nor their goods and merchandizes, fhall be hereafter fued, vexed, feized, arretted, 
 molcfted, or dilquieitd, in refpeft of their trading ; and divers other privileges. 
 
 20th James. A charier, or letters patent, of privilege, for the faid governor and company, to 
 chaftife and corredt all Englifh perfons refiding in the Eafl-Indics, and committing any mifde- 
 meanor, either with martial law, or otherwile. ^ 
 
 22d James. A charter, or letters patent, of a pardon to the faid governor and company, for 
 certain offences, and a grant unto them of fuca fums of money, and other goods and mer- 
 charniizcs, as did belong to the King. 
 
 2d Car. I. A charter, or letters patent, to the faid governor and company, impowcring them 
 to ete& mills and houfes for making into gunpowder all fuch fak-pctre as they (hall ini- 
 port. 
 
 1 2th Car. IL nth January. A charter, or letters patent, of licence, for the faid governor 
 and company to enter upon, take, and poflefs, the ifiand ot Roone alias Pula R^one, and to 
 regain the fame from the Netherland Eaft-India company, and to p!ant, huftjand, manage, re- 
 tain, and keep the fame. 
 
 13th Car. II. A charter or letters patent, to the governor and company aforefaid, of divers 
 privileges to them and their fucceflbrs. 
 
 20ih Car. n. A charter, or letters patent, of difcharge to the faid governor and company, 
 for felling two Eaft-India prizes, and tor the monies raifeJ thereby. 
 
 20th Car. II. A charter, or Ifetters patent, of grant to the faid governor and company, of all 
 that ifland and port of Bombay, to them, and thei.- fucc- il'ors. 
 
 24(h Car. II. A charter, or letters patent, of re!ea(e to the faid governor and company, of 
 feveral covenants heretofore made between them and the commilSoner^ of the navy, touching 
 Ibme ftiips fent to the Eaft-Indies. 
 
 25th Car. II. A charter, or letters patent, of confirmation, to the faid governor and com- 
 pany, of articles concerning the fate of lour Dutch prizes. 
 
 25th Car. II. A charter, or letters patent, of grant to the faid governor and company, of all 
 that the ifland of Saint Helena, to them, and their fucceflors. 
 
 26th Car. II. A charter, or letters patent, of a difcharge to the faid governor and company, 
 for monies made by the fale of four Dutch prizes. 
 
 28th Car. il. 5th October. A charter, or letters patent, to the faid governor and company, 
 of confirmation of their privileges. 
 
 35th Car. li. ift Auguft. A charter, or letters patent, authorizing the Commiflioners of the 
 Admiralty, to grant and give out commiflions to fuch as the faid governor and company (bould 
 name and recommend, to aid and aflirt them againft the King of Bantum. 
 
 35th Car. II. 9th Auguft. A charter, or letters patent, of privileges, for the faid governor 
 and company, rendering their charter of 3d April, 13th of his reign, more effectual and com- 
 plete. 
 
 35th Car. II. 14th September. A charter, or letters patent, of a warrant, to the Com- 
 miflioners of the Admira'ty, to afiift the faid governor and company againft the King of Bantum. 
 
 ift James 11. A charter, or letters patent, of proclamation, rcftraining all his Majefty"s 
 fubje£ls, but the faid governor and coinp my, and their agents, from trading to the Ea(t-Indies. 
 
 2d James II. A charter, or letters patent, of confirmation, to the faid governor and company, 
 of their former charters and privileges. 
 
 5th William III. 7th October. A charter, or letters patent, of confirmation, to the faid "o- 
 veriior and company, of their privileges. 
 
 5th William III. A charter, or letters patent, of difcharge, to the faid governor and company, 
 for the lOth part of prizes taken by them, and due to his M.ijcfty, &c. 
 
 5th VVilliam HI. A charter, or letters patent, prelcnbing orders and direflions, for the faid 
 governor and company. 
 
 6th William HI. A charter, or letters patent, prefcribing orders and direiilions, for the faid 
 governor and company. 
 
 jcth
 
 ( 48 ) 
 
 lOth VVil'iamlll. A charter, cr letters patent, declaring what number of votes each membei 
 of the faid company (hall h.ive, which is according to his or her propouion of ftuck. 
 
 lotli VVi'liaiH III. A charter, or letters patent, of incorporation, impowenng certain perfons 
 to trade to the E.lt-Indies, bv the name of the general (ociety, entitled to the advantages given 
 by an aa of parliament, for rairirgi;.2,C0C,C00. for the tervicc of the Crown. 
 
 lO'h William in. A charter, or letters patent, ot incorporation of meichints, by the name 
 of the Englifh companv, trailing to the EaR-lndies. ..„,_,, 
 
 loth William 111. Achrter, or letters patent, appointing Hugh Lolca<«'en, and rthers to 
 take fubl'cnpti.ns for a gensr.il focisty, to have liberty anj po ver ;o trade to the Eall Ind.cs. 
 
 loh VVi liam III. A clvaittr, or letters patent, of tne ictiedule, marked A, cofi.aining the 
 diau-'ht of a charter for the faid general lociety. 
 
 icth William 111. A char:er, or letttrs p^tert, of the fchcdule, marked E, containing the 
 drau'ht of a charter for the afoiel.iid Eng ilh Company, 
 
 ift Anne. A charter, or letters patent, of an uiaen:ure tripartite, between the Qiieen on the 
 fiift part, the governor and company of merchants of London trading to the E^ill Indies of the 
 fecond part, and the En- tfli Coii^pany trading to the Eall- Indie- of the third part; thereby grant- 
 iwr the la^d two compimus power to trade wuh a joint ftock, and divers <,iher privileges. 
 
 °(.th Anne. A ch.irter, or letters pitent, of rcica'e, to the g >ve' nor an 1 co.iip .ny of merchants 
 of London trading into the Ejft-lnuies, of all offences and ciime^ commitied contrary to an act 
 
 of parliament. 
 
 8th Anne. A charter, or letters patent, of grant, to the Englilh Company, trading to the 
 Eaft-Ind.es, of all debts aid fums of money, due to the governor and company of mtichunts of 
 London traJifig into the Eaft-Indies. 
 
 8ih A ne. A charter, or k tiers patent, of acceptance of a furrender made by the governor 
 and company of merch..nti of London, trading into the Eait-Indies, of thtit charters, &c. 
 
 8th Anne, A charter, or letters patent, of grant, to Sir | ona.naii Andrews, and others, of 
 all debts, &c. due to the afoielaid governor and company, before th- furretjder of their charters : 
 A fcheduie of which debts is mentioned in an inJeniaie, dated 2ift Match lull between the 
 faid governor and company, and her Maj fty. 
 
 I3;h Geor;;e I, A charter, or leuers patent, of grant, to the united Company of merchants 
 of Enrlandj'trjdinfT to the Ea(l Indies, of incorporation of Mayor and Aldermen at Madrali 
 Patnam, at Bombay, and at Calcutta, with divers privileges to them, and their fuccelTors, 
 
 xft George II, A charter, or letters patent, of grant, to the faid United Company, of all 
 fines, fet upon any perfons by virtue of the lall recited charter or letters patent. 
 
 2d George II. A charter, or letters patent, impowering the Commiifioners of the Admiralty, 
 at therequeft of the Hid United Company, to give ample powers to the commanders of fhips bc;« 
 longing to the faid Company, to take, feize, and deftroy, any foreign (hips trading from the 
 Aultriaii Netherlands to the Eall-Indies, for 6 years, from the 20th of May laft. 
 
 26th George 11. A charter, or letters patent, of grant to the faid United Company of incor- 
 poration of mayor and aldermen at Madralspatnam, at Bombay, and at Calcutta, with divers 
 privileges to them and their fuccelTors. 
 
 3ift'Geor<'e II. A charter, or letters patent, of grant to the faid United Company, of plunder 
 and booty. 
 
 31ft George IT. A charter, or letters patent, of grant to the faid United Company, of plunder 
 and booty. 
 
 lit Geort^e III. A charter, or letters patent, of commiflion to the faid United Company, for 
 the trying of pirates at Fort Saint George. 
 
 ill George III. A charter, or letters patent, to the faid United Company, of a commiflion, 
 for the trying of pirates at Fort Marlborough. 
 
 Ill George III. A charter, or letters patent, of commiflion to the faid United Company, for 
 trying of pirates at Bombay. 
 
 ill George HI. A charier, or letters patent, of commiflion to the faid United Company, for 
 trying of pirates at Fort William. 
 
 Lift of A£ls read. 
 
 9th and lOth Wm. III. An a£l for raifing a fum not exceeding two millions, upon a fund 
 for pavment of annuities, after the rate of eight pounds per centum per annum, and for fettling 
 the trade to the Ea(l-Indies. 
 
 ift Anne. cap. 12. S. 113. An a£l for granting an aid to her Majefty, by divers fubfidies, 
 and a land tax. 
 
 6th Anne. cap. 3. An atEl for better fecuring the duties of Eaft India goods. 
 
 6th Anne. cap. 17. An act for alTuring to the Englifh Company, trading to the Eaft-Indies, 
 on account of the united liock, a longer time in the tund and trade thtreui-mentioncd ; and for 
 raifing thereby the fum of twelve hundred thoufand pounds tor carrying on tne war, and other 
 her Majefty's occaiions. 
 
 5th Geo. ift. cap. 21. An acl for the better fecuring the lawful trad: of his \nj fly'"! fub- 
 iedts, to and from t.le Eaft-Indiesj and for the more tfiecluil prcvenun;; all his M..jtliy's lub- 
 jeds tiading thither under foreign commiflions. 
 
 7 th 

 
 ( 49 ) 
 
 7th Geo. ifl. cap. 5. S. 32 ami 33. An a<Sl to enable the South Sea Company, to ingraft part 
 of their capita! ftock and fund into the flock and fund of the Bank of England, and" another 
 pa t thereof into theilo..k and fund ot the Kad India Company ; and for giving further tune for 
 paymens to be maJe by the South Sea Company, to the u(e of the public. 
 
 7 Geo. ill. cap. 21. An ad fcr the further preventing his Majefly";; fubjedts from trading to 
 the Eall-Indiei under toreign comniiflion-;, and for encouraging and firtiier .'ecurinc; the lawful 
 tude theieto, and for furtiier regulating the pilots of Dover, Deal, and the ifle of Thaner. 
 
 9th Geo. Jll. C4p. 26 An adt to prevent his Majcity's fubjcch fiom <'ublcribing, or bein<i C'>n- 
 Ctntri; in encouraging or promoting, any fubfcription for an Eaft-Intlia Company in the Auftriaii 
 Netlicrlaiids ; and for the better fecuring the lawful trade of his Majcfiy's fubjccls to and from tliC 
 La(f li.dies. 
 
 3d Geo. 2d. cap. 14. An acl for reducing the annuity or fund of the United Eaft-India Com- 
 panv, and tor afccrtaming their right ot trade 10 the P^aft-Iniies ; and the ccntinujnce of their 
 corporation for that purpoie, upon the teims tliereiri mentioned. 
 
 3d Geo. 2d. cap. 20. An a<St ior taking eft" certain duties on fait, and for making wood anv 
 deficiencies in the funds that may happen thereby, and for charging the reduced annuity pavahic 
 to the Eali- India Company on the aggregate fund, and for relief of Matthew Lyon, execute r of 
 Matthew Page, deceakd, in refpcd oi the duty for fjlt loll by the overflowing of the liver iMer- 
 (ey, in ihe year one thoufand feven hundred and twenty-four. 
 
 i7rh Geo. 2d. cap. 17. An aci: for granting to his iMajefty the furplus or remainder of the 
 mnniis arifen or to ariie by the duties on i'pijiiuous liijuors, granted by an adt of the laft lelliou 
 of parliament; and for explaining and amendii-g the faid a£t, in relation to the retailers of fuch 
 liquors ; and for eflablifliing an agr.eement with the United Company of merchants of Enoiand, 
 tradinir to the Eait-Jndits. 
 
 27th Geo. 2d. cap. 9. An act for punifliing mutiny and defertion of officers and foldiers in the 
 fcrviceof ;hc United Company of mcichants of England trading to the Eafl Indies ; and fur'thc 
 puniftimeni of cfFcncts committed in the Eafl- Indies, or at the ifland of Sa;nt Helena. 
 
 lil Geo. 3d. cap. 14. An aiSt to extend the provifions relating to the holding of courts mar- 
 tial, and to the punifliment of offences committed in tht: Eafl Indies, contained in the act, made 
 in the twenty- feventh year of his late M^jefly's reign, intituled. An act for punilhing mutiny and 
 defertion of officers and foldiers in the fcrvice of the U lited Company of mereh.mts of Eniiland 
 trading to the Eaft-Indies ; and for the punifliment of offences committed m the E ifl-Indies, of 
 at the Ifland of Saint Helena, to the laid Company's fettlenient of Eort .Marlborough ; and to 
 fuch other principal fettlenaents, wherein the iaid Compariy may be hereafter impowered to hold 
 courts of judicature. 
 
 7th Geo. 3d. cap. 56. An act for taking off the in'and duty of one (hilling per pound weight 
 upon all black and finglo teas cphfumecl in Great- Britain ; and for granting a drawback upon the 
 exportation of teas to Ireland and the Biitifli dominions in America, for a limited time, upori 
 i'uch indemnification to be made in refpecl theicuf by the Eaft-lndia Company as is therein men- 
 tioned ; for permitting the exportation ot teas in fmaller quantities th 111 one lot to Ireland, or 
 the faid dpininioiis. in America ; and for preventing teas feized and condemned fioin being con • 
 fumed in Great-Rritajn. 
 
 7th Geo. 3J. cap. 57. An acf for eflab'ifhing an agreement for the payment of the annual 
 fum of four hundred thoufand pounds, fur a limited time, by the Eufl India Company, in refpeil 
 of the territorial acquifitlons, and revenues, lately obtained in the Eafl Indies. 
 
 gth Geo. 3d. cap. 24. Ari ad for carrying into execution certain propofals made by the Eaft- 
 lndia Company, for the payment of the amudl fum ot four hundred thoufand pounds, for a limited 
 time, in rtl'ped of the teiritotial acquilitions, and revenues, lately obtainr-d in the Eall-Indie.s. 
 
 lOthGeo. 3d. cap. 47. Aii act for better regulating perl'ons employed in the fervice of the 
 Eaft-lndia Cympany ; and fo^ Qther purpofe^ therein mentioned. 
 
 Military officers covenant, from July 1770, to the prefent time. 
 
 Military, 1770. 
 
 This indpnture made the Day of in the year 
 
 of the reign ofour fovereign Lord George the third, by the grace of CJod, King of Great Britain, 
 Vrancc, and Ireland, defender of the faith, and I'o forth, ana in the year ofour Lord one thcufami 
 r^ven hundred between A. B. of London, Efquire, of the one part, and the United 
 
 Company of merchants of England, trading to the Eaft-Indies, of the other part : Whereas the 
 J^ourt of Diredlors for the aft'airs of the faid United Company have granted a comin:flion to 
 the faid A. B. appointing him Captain of foot in their military force^ in the Eaft Indies: Now 
 this indenture witneifeth, and the faid A. B. in compliance with a refolution of a general court 
 qf the faid United Company, and in confideration of what he is, or fhall be, entitled to receive 
 from the faid Company, in refped of his faid fervice, or in refpecl of any other military ftdtuju 
 pr employment, or which the faid A. B. may hereafter be employed by the faid United Company, 
 or their Court of Diredors, doth hereby for himielf, his heirs, executors, and adininiflrators, co- 
 venant, promife, and agree to and with the f.iid United Company, thit he the laid A. B. fhall 
 not, nor will at any time or times hereafter during his being employed in the laid Company's fer- 
 vice, in any llation or capacity whatlbever, either by himielf or by any other perfon or perfons 
 whomfocver, in tiuft for him or for his ufe, dircdly or indiredtly, accept, take, or receive, or 
 
 N agiee
 
 ( 50 ) 
 
 agree to accept, take, or receive, any ^ift or grant of laiius, or rents for revenues ilTuir.g rutcJ 
 lands, or any territorial polTeffion, jurildiction, dominion, power, or authority whatfoever, from 
 any of the Indian princes. Sovereigns, Subahs, or Nabobs, or any of their minifters, fervantj, 
 or a<'ents, for any fervice or Icrviccf, or upon any account or pretence whatfoever, without the 
 licence or conlent of the Court of 13irectors for the time being of the faid United Company, 
 fi'n fled under their hands; nor fhall, or will, at any time or times hereafter, during his beng 
 employed in the faid United Company's t'crvice, in any liation or capacity whatfoever, either by 
 himfelf or any other perfon or perions whomfoever, in trufl: for him, or for his ufe, diiectly or 
 indirectly, accept, take, or receive, or agree to accept, t,;ke, or receive, any gift, reward, gra- 
 tuity, allowance, djiiaiion, or compenf.ition, in moiic)-, eft'cJls jewels, or otherwile howfo- 
 ever, from any of the Indian Pi inces, Sovereigns, Sbb..hs, orN,-bubs, or any ot their minifters, 
 (ervants, or agents, exceeding the value of fuur thouland rupees, for any fervice or i. rvices per- 
 formed, or to nc peiformed, by the faid A. B. in India, or upm any othfr account or prtterce 
 whatfoever, without die like licence or conlisiu of the (aid Ctiurt of Directors of the laid Uiii;ed 
 Company, fignified as aforefaid ; nor anv fuch reward, gr,iti.it}, aliovvai;ce, donat on, or 
 compenfation, exceeding the value of one thouland rupees, and under the value f>f four thoufand 
 rupees, without the licence or confent of the Prefident anu Council for the time bei.-'g of the pre- 
 fidency or fettlement where the faid A. IJ. fluil be employed ; and fiat he the faid A. li. fhall 
 and will convey, affi^n, and make over, to the f.iid U 'ted Coii-paiiy, for their fole and proper 
 ufe and benefit, all and every fuch gilts or g ants ot land , or rents or revenues iffiiing out ot* 
 lands, or any fuch territorial poflllhon, juriidictuin, dominion, power, or authority whatfoever ; 
 and alfo account for, and pay to the faid United Company, for iheir fole and proper ufe and be- 
 nefit, all and every fuch gifts, reuardf, gratuities, allowances, donaticns, or c mpenfations 
 whatfoever, which, contrary to the true intent and meaning of tliele prelents, (hall come to the 
 hands, polRffion, or power of the faid A. B. or any othei peifon or peifons in truft for him, or 
 for hii ufe as aforefaid ; provided always that nothing herein contained fhuU hn.der or prevent, 
 or be deem- d, taken, or conllrued to hinder or prevent the fai^i A. B. f'om accepting or re- 
 ceiving a fliare or proportion, in refpeci of his military polf or ftation, of any giff, gratuity, or 
 donation, in money, or effects, which any Indian Prince, Sovereign, Subah, or Nabob, fliall or 
 may in time of extreme danger, neceili'.y, or emergency, give or beilow on any of the military of- 
 ficers or forces of the faid United Conipauy, provided fuch gift, gratuity, or donation, be with the 
 privity and confent of the Governor and Councd of the prcfidency or fettlement where the faid 
 A. B. (hall be employed, and not otherwifc ; and provided alfo that the fame be not obtained or 
 exadted by compulfion, or by way of bjrgain or contra£l for any fervice or fervices performed or to 
 be performed ; provided alio that no Governor or Prelidentof anv of the (aid United Company's 
 fettlements in India fliall, by virtue of his commiflion from the faid United Company, be autho- 
 rized or intiiled to accept or receive any part, (hare, or proportion, of any fuch gift, gratuity, 
 or donation, as is mentioned in the provifo herein before contained. And this indenture further 
 witncfieth, and the faid A. B. doth hereby covenant, confent, and agree, to and with the faid 
 United Company, that in caie the laid A. B. fhall be difmifTed the faid United Company's 
 military fervice, by fentence of court martial, or by a refolution or order of the Comp:iny'» 
 Ptefident and Council of fuch fettlement, where the faid A. B. fhall ferve or be, or if the faid 
 A. B. (hall otherwife legally quit the faid Company's military fervice, that then, and in any or 
 either of the faid cafes, it (hall be lawful to and for the faid United Company's faiJ Prefident and 
 Council, at any time after the expiration of fix calendar months, next following fuch difrnKTion 
 from, or quitting the faid Company's military I'ervice as aforefaid, to carry and tranfport the faid 
 A. B. at theexpence of the faid Company to Great Britain, in fuch Hiip employed in the faid 
 Company's fervice, as the faid Prefident and Council fliall for that purpofe appoint. And in 
 cafe the (aid A. B. fliall neglect, or rcfufe to repair or go on board fuch fhip as aforelaid, by the 
 fpace often days after notice (hall be given him fo to do, by order of the faid Prefident and Coun- 
 cil ; then, and in fuch cafe, it (hall be lawful for the faid Prefident and Council, and they are 
 hereby fully authorized and empowered to caufe the faid A. B. to be apprehended and detained, 
 and to put him on board fuch fhip as aforelaid, for the purpofe of being carried and tranfported 
 to Great Britain, fo neverthelcfs, that no unneceflary delay be fought, nor any (it occafion or 
 opportunity loft, in fo detaining or putting on board the faid A. B. And further, in cafe of 
 Cuch apprehending, putting on board, and tranfporting, the faid A. B. in manner aforefaid, the 
 laid A. B doth hereby covenant, promife, and agree, to and with the faid United Company, 
 that he the faid A. B. his executors or adminillrators, (hall not nor will commence, fue, or pro- 
 fecute, the faid United Company, or their Court of DirecSfors, or any of their Prefidents and 
 Council, commanders, or officers of any fuch (hips, or any other perfon employed in any of the 
 matters aforefaid, in or by any a£lion, fuit, or other profecution, civil or criminal, in refpeft 
 of fuch apprehending him the (aid A. B. or of putting him on board and tranfporting him the (aid 
 A. B. to Great Britain, in manner aforefaid : And in cafe any fuch adfion, luit, or profecution, 
 fhall be commenced, fued, or profecutcd, for any of the matters aforefaid, the faid A B. doth 
 hereby covenant and agree, to and with the faid Company, that the general iflue may be pleaded, 
 and this prefent indenture, or any other (pecial matter, may be given in evidence, by any of the 
 defendants, in any fuch ("uit, adtion, or profecution, in bar, difcharge, and defence thereof, any 
 thing in thefe prelents contained to the contrary thereof in anywife notwiihftanding. In witneis 
 whereof, to one part of this indenture, the faid A. B. hath put his hand and feal ; and to the other 
 part thereof the faid United Company have caufcd their common feal to be affixed, the day and 
 year abovewritten. 
 
 Sealed and delivered (being lirft duly A. B. (L. S.) 
 
 (lampcdj in the prcfcnce of 
 
 I
 
 ( 5» ) 
 
 Memorandum : Military officers do not give fecurity, for performance of the above co- 
 venant. 
 I acknowledge to have real the within covenant before I executed the fame. 
 WitneCs, A. B. 
 
 Military officers covenant, from May 1764 to July 1770. 
 
 This indenture made the day of in the year of there"g.t 
 
 ©f our Sovereign L,ord by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and 
 
 Ireland, defender of the faith, and fo forth, and in the year of our Lord one thoufand ie\en hu:i- 
 <ired<«nd between A. B. of London, Elquire, of the one part, and the United 
 
 Comp.'.ny of merchants of Eniiland, trading to the EalHnJies, of the other part: Whereas the 
 Court ot Diie£tors for the affairs of the faid United Company have granted a commifFion to the 
 faid A. B. appointing him Captain of foot in their military forces in the Kail Indies : Now this 
 inden'.jrc v.-itneffcih, and the laid A. B. in compliance with a refolution of a general court of the 
 faid United Company, and for and in confiJcrjtion of what he is, or fhall be, entitled to receive 
 from the faid Company, in refpedt of his (aid fervice, or in refpedlof any other military ftation or 
 employment in which the laid A. B. mav hereafter be eiTiplo\eil by the faid Uiiitcii Company, or 
 their Court of Direcitors, dotli hereby for himTclf, his heirs, executors, and adminiilrators, co- 
 venant, promife, and agree to and with the laid United Company, that he the laid A. 15. fliall 
 nor, nor will at any time or times hereafter du ing hii being employed in the faid Company's 
 fervice, in any ftation or capacity whatfjever, cith-r by hinjfelf or by any other pet fun or perfons 
 whomloever, in trult for him or for his ufc, directly or indirectly, accept, take, or receive, or 
 agree to accept, take, or receive, any gift or grant of lands, or rents or revenues iifuing out of 
 lands, or any territorial polieflion, jurifdiclion, dominion, power, or authority whatfoever, from 
 any of the Lidian Piinccs, Sovereigns, Sibahs, or Nabobs, or any of their ininilters, fervants, 
 or agents, for any fervice or fcrvices, or upon apy .iccourit or pretence whatfoever, without the 
 licence or coiifent of the Court of Directors far the li.ne b .10;^; of th • laid United Company, iu^ni- 
 fied under their hands ; nor fhall or will, at any time or times hereafter, during his being employed 
 in the faid United Company's fervice, in any ftation or capacity whatfoever, either by himieltor 
 any other perfon or perfons Whomfoever, in trutt for him or for his ufe, directly or indirectly* 
 accept, take, or receive, or agree to accept, take, or receive, any gift, reward, gratuity, allow- 
 ance, donation, or compenfation, in money, effects jewel-, or otherwife howfoever, from any 
 of the Indian Piinces, Sovereigns, Subahs, or Nabobs, or any of their minifters, fervants, or 
 agents, exceeding the value of four thoufand rupees (or anv (ervlce or Cervices ptrtormed or to 
 be performed by the faid A. B. in India, or upon any other account or pretence whatfoevert 
 without the like licence or confent of the faid Court of Diredt jrs of the faid United Company, 
 fignified as aforefaid ; nor a ly fuch reward, gratuity, allowance, donation, or compen'ation, 
 exceeding the value ot one thoufand rupees, and under the value of four thoufand rupees, without 
 the licence or confent of the Prelident and Council for the time bring of the prefidency or fettle- 
 oieiit where the faid A. B. fliall be employed ; and that he the (aid A. B. fliall and will convey, 
 affign, and make over, to the faid united Company, for their fole and proper u(e and benelit, all 
 and every fuch gifts or grants of lands, or rents or revenues, ifluing out of lands, or any Inch 
 territorial poflfefTion, jurifdiftion, dominion, power, or authority whatfoever; and alfo account 
 for and pay to the faid United Company, for their fole and proper ufe and benefit, all and every 
 fuch gifts, rewards, gratuities, allowances, donations, or compenfations whatfoever, which, 
 contrary to the true intent and meaning of thcfe prefents, fhall come to the hands, pcfl.frion, or 
 |>ower, of the faid A. B. or any other pcrfnn or perfons in truft for him, or for his ufe as afore ■ 
 faid ; provided always that nothing herein contained (hall hinder or prevent, or be deemed, taken, 
 orconftrued, to hinder or prevent, the faid A. B. from accepting or receiving a ftiare or propor- 
 tion, in refpc<S of his military poft or ftation, of any gift, gratuity, or donation, in money, or 
 cfFecls, which any Indian Prince, Sovereign, Subah, or Nabob, ftiall or may in time of extreme 
 danger, neceiTity, or emergency, give or beftow on any of the military officers or forces of the 
 faid United Company, provided fuch gift, gatuity, or donation be with the privity and confent of 
 the Governor and Council of the prefidency or fcttlement where the (aid A. B. ftia'l be em- 
 ployed, and not otherwife ; and provided alfo, that the fame be not obtained or exacEted by com- 
 pulfion, or by way of bargain or contract for any fervice or fcrvices performed or to be performed : 
 Provided alfo, that no Governor or Prcfidcnt of any of the United Company's fettlements in India 
 fhall, by virtue of his commidion from the faid United Company, be authorized, or intitled to 
 acceptor receive any part, fhare, or proportion, of any fuch gift, giatuity, or donation, as is 
 mentioned in the provif) herein before contained. In witnefs whereof, to one part of this in- 
 denture the laid A. B. hath put his hand and feal, and to the other part thereof the faid United 
 Company have caufed their common leal to tie affixed, the day and year abovewritten. 
 
 A. B. (L. S.) 
 
 Sealed and delivered (being 
 
 fitftduly ftamped} in the 
 
 prcfence of 
 
 Memorandum: Military officers did not give fecurity for the performance of the above 
 covenant. 
 I acknowlcge to have read the within covenant before I executed the fame. 
 
 Witnefs, A. B.
 
 ( 5^ ) 
 Writers 2d covenant from May 1764 to the prefenttime^ 
 
 Civil. N° 1000. 1770. 
 
 This indenture made the day of in the 
 
 year of the reign of our Sovereigr! Lord by the grace of God, King of Great- 
 
 Britain, France and Ircl.uiJ, Detcnder of the Faith, and (o fortn, and in the year of our Lord 
 .One thoiiiand kvin hundred and fcveiity, between A. B. of London, writer, of the one part, 
 and the United Company ff iriLrchanis of England, trading to the Eaft- Indies, of the other part: 
 Whereas the faid A. B. is now enployeJ in the fervice of the faid United Company as one of 
 their writers anJ covenant fervant-, at their chief fettlcment of Fort William and Bengal, in the 
 E-atl- Indies : Now this indenture witnefl'eth, and the faid A. B. in compliance with a refolution 
 of a genera! court of the faid United Company, and for and in confideration of what he r?, or 
 fliall be, intitlcdto receive from the faid Company, in rcfpect of hi« faid fervice, or in refpeft of 
 any other ftation, capacity, or employment, in which the laid A. B. mjv hereafter be leiained or 
 employed by the faid United Conp.iny, or their Court oi IJircct ors, djth hereby for hm elf, his 
 heirs, executors, and adnnnillratcrs, covenant, promik-, and a^i^e to and witn the faid United 
 Company, that he the faid A. B. Ih^U not, nor will at any time or tlm^s hereafter during his 
 beinw cmpl >yed in the faid Company's fervice, in any ft ition or capiciiy wh:.tioever, either by 
 himlcif or by any other pcrfm or perfons who/nfoever, in t uit for him, or for his ulc, diredtly 
 or indirectly, accept, t<.ke, or receive, or agree to acce^it, take, or receive, any girt or grant 
 of lands, or rents cr revenues iffiin:^ out of lands, or any terr torial poflcfli.Hi, juriidiclion, do- 
 minion, power, or authority whatloever, from any of the Indian Pi mces. Sovereigns, Subahs, 
 or Nabobs, or any of their mmifters, fer'-ants, or agents, for any fervice or fervices, or upon 
 anv account or pretence what bevcr, without the licence or content of the Court of Diredtors 
 for the time being, of the faid United Company, fignified under their hands; nor fhali or will, 
 at any time or times hereafter, during hii being employed in the faid United Companv's fervice, 
 in any ftation or capacity whitfoever, eitlier by himlelf or any other perfon or perfons whomfoever 
 in truftfor him, or fur his ufe, diredliy or inditedtly, accept, take, or receive, or agree to accept, 
 take, or receive, any gift, reward, gratuity, allowance, donation, or compenfation, in money, 
 cfFecis, jewels, or otherwife howfoever, from any of the Indian Princes, Sovereign?, Subahs, or 
 Nabobs, or any of their minifters, fervant=, or agents, exceeding the value of four thoufand 
 rupees, for any fervice or fervices performed, or to be performed, by the faid A. B. in India, or 
 upon any other account or pretence whatfoever, without the like licence or confent of the faid 
 Court of Dirciftors of the faid United Company, fignified as aforefaid ; nor any fuch reward, 
 gratuity, allowance, donation, or compenfation, exceeding the value of one thoufand rupees, 
 and under the value of four thoufand rupees, without the licence or confent of the PrefiJent and 
 Council for the time being, of the preiidency or fettlement where the faid A. B. (hall be em- 
 ployed ; and that he the laid A. B. fhall and will convey, ailign, and make over, to the faid 
 United Company, for their fole and proper ufe and benefit, all and every fuch gift or grants of 
 lands, or rents or revenues ifTulng out of lands, or any iuch territorial pofleirion, jurlfdidfion, do- 
 minion, power, or authority whatfoever; and alio account for and pay to the laid United Com- 
 pany, for their fole and proper ule and benefit, all and every fuch gifts, rewards, gratuities, al- 
 lowances, donations, or compenCaiions, whatfoever, which, contrary to the true intent and 
 meaning of thefe prefents, fliall come to the hands, pcfi'efSon, or power, of the faid A. B. or 
 any other perfon or perfons in truft for him, or for his ufe as aforefaid. In witnefs whereof, to 
 one patt of thefe indentures the faid A. B. hath (et his hand and feal, and to the other part 
 thereof the faid United Company have caufed their common feal to be put, the day and year 
 above-written. 
 
 A.B. (L. S.) 
 
 Sealed and delivered (being 
 
 firft duly ftamped) in the 
 
 ptefence of 
 
 I acknov/ledge to have read the within covenant, before I executed the fame. 
 
 Witnefs, A. B. 
 
 Writers covenant from July 1770, to the prefent time. 
 
 Fadlors, 1770. 
 This indentuie made the day of in the year of our Lord 
 
 One thoufand feven hundred and and in the year of the 
 
 reign of our Sovereign Lord by the Grace of God, of Great- Britain, France and 
 
 Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and fo forth, between the United Company of merchants 
 of England, trading to the Eaft-Indies, of the one part, and A. B. of London, wiittr, of the 
 other part. Whereas the faid United Company of merchants of England, trading to the Eaft- 
 Indlcs, have (upon the fpecial requeft and entreaty of the faid A. B. uprm the conditions and 
 agreements herein after contained, on the part of the faid A. B. to be performed) received and 
 entertained him the faid A. B. into their fervice, as their writer and covenant fervant at their 
 chief fettlement of Fort William, in Bengal, in the Eaft Indies, to ferve them for the term of 
 . five years, and to lie employed in all or any of the traffick or merchandizes, bufiiieflls, and af- 
 fairs, in any place or places whatfoever, between the cape of Good Hope, and the Straits of 
 Magellan, as the laid Company, or thcii Court of Dirtdtors for the time bein^, or any thir- 
 teen
 
 ( 51 ) 
 
 teen or more of them, or any by tli^m authorifeJ, fliall appoint, at and for the vva^es or fum of 
 five pounds of lawful nv>ney ot Great- Britain, by the year, to commence from the time of his 
 arrival at Fort William aforefaid. Now this indenture witneffeth, That the faid A. B. for him- 
 felt, his heirs, executors, and adminillrators, doth hereby covenant and agree, to and with the 
 faid United Company of merchants of England, trading to the K.;ft- Indies, and the.r fucccilors, 
 in manner and form fo lowing; (that is to Oy) That he, the faid A. B. from the time of his 
 arriva' at Fort William aforefaid, for, and dining, and unto the full end and expiration of five 
 yeais, ihail, and will, faithfully, honeftly, diligently, and cartfully, ferve the faid Company at 
 fuch plate and places, and in all and every fiich affairs and bufniefs'vvhatfoever of the faid Com- 
 pany, IS the faid A. B. Ih.dl be employed in : And fhall alfo, from time to time, and at all 
 times, obferve, keep, and fulfil, all and every- the orders of the faid Company, and of the faid 
 Court of Directors, made and to be made for the government of their factories and fettlemcnt?, 
 officers, agents, or fervants abroad : And fnall and will a!fo ob.crve, ktep, and fulfil, all fuch 
 orders, iiiltrudions and dirt-dions, which he Ihall herewith, or hsicafter receive under the ieal 
 of the faid Company, or fr.<m the faid Court of Dircil^rs of the ("did Company, for the time 
 being, or anv thirteen or more of them, or from their Prelident and Council, at the refpeclive 
 fettlement where the f.iid A. B. fhall refide or be employed, or from any penbns authorized 
 thereunto by fuch Direclors ; and (hall and will, to the utmoft of his power and fkill, r.fift and 
 withftand all and every fuch perfon or perfons, as (hall break, or endeavojr to break, the faid 
 orders, inftruitions, or directions, or any of thmi : And the faid A. B. doth hcrebv for himfelf, 
 his heirs, executors, and adminiltrators, covenant and agree, to and with the faid United Com- 
 pany of merchants of Fngbnd, trading to the Fait Indies, that he will not do, attempt, or 
 pradife, nor (hall wittingly or willingly permit or fuffer any other perfon or perfons whatfocver, 
 to do, attempt, or pradife, any matter or thing whatlbever, to the hindrance, huit, prejudice, 
 damage, or defrauding of the faid Company or their fuccellbrs, or of their I'ervants, or any of 
 them, orof the faid Company's goods, merchandizes, trade, or traflick, or any of them, or anv 
 part thereof; but fhall, as much as in him lieth, prevent and defeat thj fame. And the faid 
 A. B. doih hereby, for himfelf, his heirs, executors, and admindfr.ators, covenant and 
 agree, to and with the faid United Company of Merchants of England, tradintr to the 
 Eaft Indies, that he the faid A. B. (hall and will from time to time, and at "all times 
 from henceforth, give notice and intelligence, with all convenient fpetd, unto the 
 the faid Court of Diredtors for the time being, of all and every the deceits, wront^s, abufes, 
 breach of orders, inconveniencies, and hindrances, which he the faid A. B. (hall know, under- 
 ftand, hear, or fufped to be done, pradifed, oflered, or intended againft the faid Company, or 
 their fucceffors, or their goods or trade, or any of them, or againlt any perfon or pcrfons bv 
 them, or by the faid Court of Diredors, employed, or in their fervice, in any place or places, 
 together with the names of thofe perfons by whom the fame fhall be fo offered, pradned, or 
 intended. And the faid A. B. doth hereby, for himfelf, his heirs, ejcecutors, and adniiniftra- 
 tors, covenant, promife, and agree, to and with the faid United Company of merchants of 
 England, trading to the flift-Indies, that he will n-jt engage or employ the flock of the faid 
 Company, or any part thereof, or make ule of the credit of the faid Company, in any other 
 kind, way, or manner, howfoever, than for the affairs of the laid Company, and as by the 
 major part of the Court of Diredors of the faid Company for the time being, under their hands^ 
 or under the common feal of the faid Company, or by their faid PrefiJent and Council, (hill be 
 ordered and direded. And that he the faid A. B. fliall and will, at all v.m:s, keep and conceal 
 the faid Company's fecrets, and every matter and thing commif.cd to him as fuch by the (ad 
 Court of Diredors, or their agents, fadors, officers, and fervants, or any of them. And alio 
 That he the faid A. B. fhall and will, from time to time, and at all times from henceforth, 
 during his faid employment, keep, or caufe to be kept, a true and particular journal or day book, 
 of all paflTages and proceedings relating to the affairs of the faid Company, and alfo b )oks of 
 accounts; m which journal, day-book, and books of accounts, he (hall daily, duly, truly, and 
 fully, enter, or caufe to be entered, the accounts of all and every particular buying, felliiitr, re- 
 ceipts, payments, batterings, and all other tranfadions and occurrences relating'" to his iriiif 
 during the time he (hall continue in the faid United Company's fervice and employment. And 
 the faid A. B. doth hereby for himfelf, his heirs, executors, and adminiftrators, covenant, pro- 
 mife, and agree, to and with the faid United Company, that he will not place, or confent to the 
 placing, to the faid Company's account, nor oiherwile charge the faid Company with any more 
 or greater fums than he (hall really, and in good faith, pay for all or any goods, merchandizes, 
 or effeds, which he (hall buy, or caufe, procure, or confent to be bought, for, or on account 
 of the faid company. And that he the faid A. B. fli-.ll and will bring to the account of the faid 
 company, in the books of the ("aid company, the full rates and prices (or which he (hall fell or 
 caule to he fold, any of the faid company's goods, merchandizes or eft'eds : And further that he 
 the faid A. B. will not diiedly or indiredly, take, accept, or receive, or agree to take, accept, 
 or receive, any gift, reward, gratuity, allowance, compenfation, fum or fums of money what- 
 foever, from any perfon or perlbns, of whom he the faid A. B. (liall, by himfelf, or any a-rent 
 for him, buy or barter any goods, merchandize-, trealurc, or eff'eds, for, or upon accouiu of 
 the faid company. And further, that he will not take, accept, or receii-e, or agree to take, ac- 
 cept, or receive, any gift, reward, gratuity, allowance, compenfation, fum or funis of nioncv 
 whatlncver, from any p.rfon or pcrfons to whom the laid A. B. (hall, by himfelf, or any ageiit 
 for him, fell or barter any goods, merchandizes, trcafure, or elilcts, of oi bclonginrr to, or for, 
 
 O Of
 
 C 54 ) 
 or upon account' of, the falJ company : And moreover, That he the faid A. B. his executors or 
 admmiftrators, Ih^ll produce aiui deliver the faiJ books, together with all wafte books, pocket- 
 books diaries memorials, and othsr writings and papers whatfoever, wherein he the faid A. B. 
 ftiall make, or caul'e to be nwde, any entrio, or fct down any matter or thing touching or con- 
 cerning the' faid company's aiVairs, or any of tnem, or any way relating thereunto (although the 
 fame may or fliall be intei mixed with his own, or others, concerns) unto the fatd Court of Di- 
 reaors of the faid company for the time being, or to luch perfon or perions as fliall, by letter 
 or order under the hands of thirteen or more of the faid Court of Diiedors, oi under the feal 
 of the laid company, be authorized and appointed to demand and receive the fame ; and ftiall and 
 will - if required, 'make oath to the truth of fucn books, diaries, memorials, writings and 
 pape'rs and that the lame contain the whole ot his tianiadion^, and that they have not been 
 defaced, obliterated, or altered. And futher, That he the faid A. B. fli.WI and will, well and 
 truly deliver and pay unto the faid United Company, or their lucceUors, all ami every fuch mor 
 nies "^ooJs, merchandizes, and things whatfoever, as by the foot of his account, or otherwife, 
 fliall' b^ due' from him, or remain in his hands and p fi'^flion, and for which he ought to be char- 
 geable or anfweraale in any manner or wife. And alfo, That he the faid A. B. fhall and ^ill 
 fbefire he fliall Kavet^'e laid company's facio.'ies oi fettlements) pay and dilicharge all and every 
 fuch fum or fums of money as he Ihail jultly owe, or be indebted to tlie black merchants or na- 
 tives ol the country, where he the laid H.B. Ihall be, together with fuch other fums as he fliall 
 owe abroad to any other merchants or perions not being fubj-.cts of his Majefty the King of 
 Great- Britain, or his fucccffors : And that he the lairt A. B. fliall and will, fro;n time to time, 
 when and as often as he fliall be thereunto required by the faid company, or their fucccfTors, or 
 by the prelident, agent, or chief, and council, of the place wheie the fji.l A. B. fliall be, re- 
 move to any fuch^oiher factories, as luch prelident, agent, or chi:-f, and council, fhall fo di- 
 red and require. And alfo. That he the fuid A. B. Ihali, at all times, during the time of his 
 fervice aforefaid, faithfully and diligently demean himielt as a good honelf and faithful fervant 
 towards the faid company, and their fuceefibrs, and thofe by them authorized. And upon con- 
 dition tha. the faid A. B. fhall in all things perform his covenants and agreements with the faid 
 company herein contained, and to encouiage him fo to do, it is further covenanted and agreed 
 by and between the faid parties to thefe prefents. That it Ih^ll and may be lawful, to and for 
 the faid A. B. and the laid company doth accordingly licenfe the faid A. B. during the faid five 
 years commencing as aforefaid, freely to trade and traffick for his own account only, from port 
 to po'rt in India, or elfewhere within the limits aforefaid, but not to go to or from any place 
 without the fame, without any lett, hindrance, or interruption, from them the faid company, 
 their fucceffors, or alTigns, fo as the faid trade and trafiick fo to be carried on and driven in In- 
 dia or elfewhere within the limits aforefaid, or any part thereof, be lubjtd to fuch rules, rcgu- 
 lati'ons and limitations, as the faid Company, or the Court of Diredtors for the time being of 
 the faid company, have already direded, or fliall from time to time hereafter dired and ap- 
 point, and be not to the hurt or prejudice of the faid company and their fuccelTors, or of 
 their 'trade or commerce, and fo as whatever is fo traded for by the laid A. B. by virtue of this 
 agreement, be particularly entered in books of the faid company, to be kept fur that purpofe, 
 in all the fadories of the faid company rcfpedively in the Ealt-Indies, or eliewhere within the 
 limits aforefaid, where fuch trade fliall be driven: But in cafe the faid A. B. (hail wafte or make ufe 
 of the faid company's treafure, or fhall become indebted to the faid company, then, and in fuch cafe, 
 it is hereby further covenanted and agreed by and between the laid paitics to th-.fe pre ents, That 
 he the faid A. B. fhall not be entitled to any of the payments, aivantages, and benefits, hereby 
 otherwife intended him ; but contrariwife, for, and towards fatisfadion for what fhail be due from 
 him to the faid company, and for and towards reparation of the damages done to tne faid company, 
 it fhall and may be lawful, to and for any perlon or perions thereumo authorized and appointed, 
 bv wiitine under the hands of thirteen, or more, of the Court of Direclors of the faid company for 
 the time being, or under the feal of the faid company, and to and for any prefident, agent, or chief, 
 and council, of any place or ladory of or belonging to the faid company, to feize, orcaufe the 
 goods and chattels of him, the faid A. B. to be feized and detained Uiitil fatisfadion is made. 
 And forafmuch as complains have been made to the faid United Company, that feveral of the 
 faid Company's Prefidents and Chiels of their factories, and feveral of fuch perfons as are of their 
 councils m their fadories abroad, or fome them, as alfo their fadors, agents, and (ervants, have 
 conimi'.ted very heinous and grievous olTences in fuch fadories of the faid Company, and elfe- 
 where in the Lafl: Indies, and other places within the faid Company's limits of crude, by unjuftly 
 n;enacin<», imprifoniiig, afliiulting, abufing, and evil-treaing the natives and bldck merchants, 
 and others, with whom the faid Company have had dealings or correlpondence, and by fuch 
 means, and other violences, abufes, and injuries, have extorted and forced great fums of money, 
 and other valuable tffeds, from fuch injured perfons, who, by reafon of the great diitance from 
 this kin'^dom, and the wholefome laws thereof, and by reafon that the faid Company have not 
 been able to obtain and render fatisfadion ft r fuch injuries and mifdciiieaiiOiS, are, and have 
 been rcmedilefs : Now it is hereby agreed, by and between the faid parties to thefe prefents, 
 and the faid A. B, doth hereby, for himlelt, his heirs, execut irs, and ad:niiiiftrators, covenant 
 and agree, to and with the faiU United Company, that in cafe any fum or fums of money, goods, 
 or chatties, whatfoever Ihall, at any time or times hereafter, be extorted, forced, and taken, 
 by him the faid A. B. (either feparately, or jointly with others) from any perfon or perions 
 whatlbever, within the laid Company's limits of trade, by the means or ufe of imprifonment;, 
 
 ailaults,
 
 ( 55 ) 
 afTaults, violences, menace?, or other force or compulfion whatfoever, then, and as often as any 
 luch oftence or offences fliall be committed, it fiiall and may be lawful to and for every pcrfon 
 or pertons injured thereby, to make and fend over complaints and attcltations thereof in writing 
 to the Court of Direclors ot the faid Company for the time being, and that upon the receipt of 
 fuch complaints and atteflatism^, it ftiiU and may be lawful, to and for thu Court of Directors 
 of the faid Company, for thj time bemg, to enquire into the truth of the faid complaints, by all 
 fuch ways and means as they fhall thmk juft and cq'iitable, and thereupon to hear the matter of 
 the faid complaint or complaints, and thereupon finally to judge and determine the fame, and to 
 award (aiisiactiun and reparation to be made by the fa;d A. B. to tne faid Company, for the 
 benefit of fuch i;Jured perfons. And the faid A. B. doth hereby, for himfjjf, his heirs, execu- 
 tor-, and adm n.lhators, covenant and agree, to and with the laid United Company, well and 
 truly to pay to the faid Company, at Lch time or times as fhall be umitcd by the faid Court of 
 Diiectors (or the major part of them) for ihat purpole, all and every fuch funi and fums of money 
 as Ihull be fo awarded by the faid Court ofDiretlors for the time being, or the major part of 
 them then affemblsd, to be paid as a:orefaid ; but in trurt neverthelefs, and to the irtent, that 
 the faid Company may ana do render, and pay over, the monies received or recovered by them 
 to the parties injured or d.trauJed, which the faid Coinpany accordingly hereby aorte and co- 
 veninttodo: And the faid A. B. doth furthermoie for himfeif, his heirs, excuiors, and ad- 
 miniftrators, covenant and agiee, to and wi:h tht laia United Company, to pay and fatisfy to 
 thef.iid Company, for their own ufe and benefit, ail fuch damages as they fi)all have fuftained 
 by reafon or means of any luch offence or ofrences as aforefaid. And forafsnuch as it frequently 
 happens that the FrefiJent and Couiicil, agent and council, chief and council, and feveral other 
 fubor»iunte officers of feveral of the laid Company'.-, fadorics abroad, h^vc, by mutual influences 
 on each other, fettled, ftared, and ajjuiled, amonglt tncmft Ives, their own accounts with the 
 faid Company, in order, as far as they could, to b<ir and preclude the faid Company from review- 
 ing, altering, amending, correcting, or conteltmg, ihelame: Noa' it is hereby further declared, 
 that ail and every fut-h ace lunt and accounts, foai any time ftateJ, ballanced, fi^aed, oradjuftcd 
 by, between, or amotigll, fuch Prefidents and Councils, or agents and councils, or chiefs and 
 councils, or other fubordinate officers, or any of them, and the faid A. B. are a"reed to be 
 and lliall at all times hereafter be taken and efteemed to be open accounts, formed and prepared 
 only for the infpeflion, perufal, and approbation or correctr>n, of the faid Company, and fli,;ll 
 not in any fort oi kind, or in any article thereof, bind or conclude the laid Company. And the 
 faid A. B. doih for himfclf, his heiri, executors, an,i adminirtrators, covenant and anree, to 
 and with the faio United Company, that he the faid A. B. will not at any time, durin^ his re- 
 fidence in the Eaft Indies, or within the faid Company's Ijmiis, dir.dly or indirectly, trade, 
 correfpond, tr^fHck, deal with or for, or be in any wile aiding, affiltii.g, or employed as agent, 
 or fador, by, or for any foreign Company trading in or to the Eaft In les, or any perfon or^pcr- 
 fons whatfoever, who do or fhall, during the continuance of thefe pr.efents, tr..ffick, adventure 
 or trade to, in, or from, the Eail Indies, or elfewhere, witiiin the limits of the faid Company's 
 trade, by, or under, or by virtue of, any foreign conimilTDn, licence, or authority whatfoever, 
 nor (hall or will, by himlelf, or in conjundion with any perion or perfons vvhatloever, directly 
 or indirectly carry on, or ufe, or be concerned in any fort of trade, traifick, or merchandize, either 
 fiom Europe to the Eaft Indies, or to any place within the faid Company's limits, between the 
 Cape of (jood Hope, and the {traits of iVlagellan, or fiom the Eaft Jndies, or from anyplace 
 within the fid Company's limits, to Europe, or to or from any place whatfoever, althoucrh not 
 within the faid Company's limits of trade ; lave and except, for and on account of the faiJ Com- 
 pany ; nor fhall carry on, ufe, or be concerned in, any trade or traffick whatfoever, but fuch 
 as is cxprefsly allowed by and according to the true intent and meaning of thefe prefents. And 
 that he the faid A. B. his executors or adminiftrators, fliall and will pay, or caufe to be paid 
 unto the (aid Company, as and by way of ftatcd damages, double the value of all and every tlic 
 goods and merchandizes, traded for, bartered by the faid A. B. his agent or agents, contrary to 
 ihe true meaning of th-.(e prei'ents : Provided neverthelefs, that if the faid A. B. fhall firil vo- 
 luntarily and Ireely make a difcovery, unto the laid Company's Court of Dire£tors, of any trade 
 or traffick carried on by him or his agent?, contrary to the true meaning of thefe prefents, and of 
 all and every the perfons therein concerned, then, and in fuch cafe, tl;c faiil Company do hereby 
 agree to accept the fingle value, inftead of the double value of the faid goods and merchandizes, 
 which fhall be traded with, in, for, or bartered or trafficked for, contrary to the true meaninc' 
 of thefe prefents as aforefaid : And in order to a difcovery of, and a latisf„dion for, fuch illicit 
 trade as afjiefaid, it is hereby agreed, that it fhall and may be lawful, to and for the faid United 
 Company, and their fuccellbrs, to file any bill or bills of complaint or difcovery, in his Majcfty's 
 High Court of Chancery, or Court of Exchequer, againft him the faid A. B. his executors and 
 adminiftrators, wheieunto the faid A. B. doth hereby agree, that neither he, nor they, fliall or 
 will demur or plead in bar of the difcovery or relief, fought by luch bill or bills, that thereby he 
 or they, is, are, may, or (hall, become liable to any penalty or forfeiiurc, by force of any law 
 or ftatute, bond, covenant, or agreement, or otherwile howloever, but fiiall make and nut in 
 a full and pcrftcl anfwcr and anfwcrs to all the parts thereof, and ihall not, in fuch anfvVer and 
 anfwcrs, infift upon any penalties, forfeitures, law, or ftatute, bond, covenant, or ag; cement, 
 or allege any matter whatloever, whereby to prevent, bar, or preclude, the faid Compaiiy, from 
 the dilcovcry or relief, fought or to be fought by fuch bill ot bills as aforefaid ; but then, and in 
 fuch cafe, the faid United Company do hereby confent to wave anC difclaim all, and all manner 
 
 of
 
 C 56 ) ■ 
 
 of nenal-ics and forfeitures, that {liall or may, in any kind pr degree whatfocver, accrue or incur 
 Dt penaiacs anu io.ki.u. , d.fcovci v or difc biure anling by the faid anfwcr or anfwerj 
 
 ^rr^a,;'^"B'L '^,::S rr^r^l'S;at:rs : And the laid Lh.tii C.mpanj. for theo^felves 
 . , r ; fl,r do larec to accept, and the laid A. B. doth, for h.mfelt, his heirs, executors, 
 and thcir lucctflori, do agree to »<:"P^' , ^^ ^^ he paid to, or to the ufe of, the 
 
 and admm.ftrator. ^S-^ J^^ ^ «";; ^nd f^^r a"^ 1, Sated, and adjufled compenfation and fatis- 
 ;:^,::T tfc S;t:^Ss'SSS'b;;h: ■■ ,d company, upol. accc.^^ of -.e .L illicit trade, the 
 fum of fi ty pounds for every one hund.cd pounds value, of all and every the goods and mer- 
 chTnJize t^raded or trafficked\v>th, or for, contrary to the true intent and meaning hereof, and 
 ali'o the produce of the f.id illicit trade. Provided always and ,t .s hereby expreisly covc- 
 aiio o ine p.o between the parties to thele prefcnts, and it is the true intent and 
 
 ranted, decla ed, ^and a.r^eed, Utvj^.e ^ ^P ^^^^ ^^^^ ^^^^^^^^ .^ ^^^ ^^. ^^^ ^^_^^^^^^^ ^^^^,^^ 
 
 S.'.e'cfontai'ned', or fl.all en,bezzle any of the faid company's rnoney, goods, o, ctfcdt., or be 
 Tuil V of any breach of truft towards the faid company, or hall be concerned in buying, bar- 
 SI fel incr, or difpofing of any artillery, ordnance, muf^uets, fire arms, ammunmon, or 
 warl-rke ftores" to or for the ufe of any Prince, Nabob, or country power m lnd=a, or ol the na- 
 J^v the e, without the exprefs licence of the iu.d comp my or their Court of D.reaors for the 
 mc bein-^, or a majority of them, or of the fa,d company s prelidcnt and council, at the re- 
 } ci.v -^ lement, ihere fuch buying, bartering, or fdling ftal be ; or in ca(e the faid A. B. 
 O .1 at anv tunc during the continuance of theie prefents, witnout the like licence and authority 
 ns afo-efaid hold corrcfpondence with any Pnncc, Nabob, or country power in India, or any of 
 thcT minilkrs, or Ihall lupplv, lend to, or procure, for the ule of any fo.eign company trading 
 in "or to India, or any perlon or pcrfons trading under the licence or authority of fach foreign 
 co'nnany, any money, at refpondentia, or any o.her lecunty, loan or engagement whatfoever; 
 th? h n and in each and every of the faid cafes, -t (hall be lawful for th. laid company, and 
 their faid'Court of Diredors for :he time being, or the majority of them, or the pref.dent and 
 council at the refpeit.ve fettlem.nr, where the laid A. B. fh.ll be refidcnt or employed and they 
 Ire heiebv refpca.vcly declared to have full power and authority for that purpole, to fufpcnd, or 
 vi'hcllv difmifi the f,.id A. B. fmm the faid company's fervice and employment ; the laid A. B. 
 having' fi.ft had notice given hnn of fuch his offence or default, and a n-alonable time allowed 
 him to make his defence agalnft the fame, and having been convid.d thereof. And 'fs hereby 
 further exprefsly covenanted and agreed, by and between the faid company, and the fa,d A. B. 
 hat in cafe of fuch difmiffion as aforefaid, or in cafe the faid A. b. (hall, during the ccntmuance 
 of thefe prefents be minded to quit or refign the faid company s fervice, and fuch refignation 
 <1,-.ll be accented and agreed to, by the faid company or their Court of Directors, or their pre- 
 dent and council at fuch fettlement, where the faid A. B. (hall ref.de or be emp'oyed that then, 
 ind in either of the faid cafes of difmiffion from, or voluntary refignation of, the faid fervice, it 
 fh .11 not be lawful for the faid A. B. to enter into any new or frefli engagements or concerns 
 vhi-foever in the way of trade or merchandize ; but he (hall wholly forbear and be piohibitcd 
 Terefrom ;' but nevertheiefs, the faid A. B. (hall in any or either of the faid cafes, be at liberty. 
 \n\ have fu'l power and authority to fell and dilpofe of his merchandizes and efFedfs, which he 
 fliall have on hand, or which (hall be then fairly and truly belonging to h,m, and tocolka and 
 tret in fuch outftandincT debts as (hall be then due and owing to him in trade, or otherwife. And 
 for the more efFcaualfy cariying the faid lait mentioned covenant and agreement into execution, 
 it is hereby declared to be the true intent and meaning of thefe prefents ; and the faid A. B. doth 
 hereby covenant, promife, and agree, to and with the faid United Company, that in cafe of 
 fuch difmifTion from, or quitting and ref.gning, the laid company s ierv.ce, and employment he 
 the faid A B (hall and will, within one year alter the fame (hall happen, or hy the firft pallage 
 that can be obtained after the expiration of the faid one year, tranlport h.mfelf, together with 
 his family to Great-Britain, in lurh fhip employed by the laid company, as fliall be appointed 
 for that Durpofe, by the laid company, or hy their Court of Dirtdtors, or their prefident and 
 council as atorefaid i and (hall not, nor will upon any account or Fe';nce whatloever, flay, or 
 continue any lon.'er in the Eaft- Indies: And moreover, in cafe the faid A. b. fliall make de- 
 fault in the laid lafl mentioned covenant, the faid A. B. doth hereby confcnt and agree with the 
 faid United Company, that from, and inwTiediately after (uch delault, it fliall and may be lawful 
 fjr the faid company, or their Court of Directors, or their Prelidcnt and Council at the faid 
 Settlement where the faid A. B. fliall rchde or be, to caufe the laid A. B. to be apprehended and 
 detained and to put him and his family on board any fliip employed by the faid company, for 
 the purpole of being tranfported to Great- Britain, fo neverthelels that no unnecefl'ary delay be 
 Ibu-ht nor any fit occafion or opportunity loft in fo doing. And further, in cafe of fuch appre- 
 hendin'<x putting on board, and tranfporting, the faid A. B. and his family, in manner aforefaid ; 
 the faid'^A B doth hereby covenant, promife and agree, to and with the faid United Company, 
 hthethe faid A B. his executors, or adminiftrators, fliall not, nor will commence, fue, or 
 mofecute the laid company, or their Court of Diredors, or any of their prefidents and council, 
 con-maiideis or officers of any fuch fliip, or any other perfon employed in any of the matters 
 ( r'efaid in or by any adion, fuit, or other prolecution, civil or criminal, m rcfped to fuch 
 !noreheii'din<^ and detaining him the faid A. B. or of putting on board and iranfporting him the 
 f d A B and his family, to Great-Britain, in manner atorelaid ; and in cale any fuch adtion, 
 f 't or pr'ofccution, fliall be commenced, fued, or profecuted for any of the matters aforefaid, 
 th-'faid A. B. doth hereby covenant and agree to and with the faid company, that the general 
 '^ ' iflue
 
 ( 57 ) 
 
 IfTuc may be pleaded, and that this prcfcnt indenture, or any other fpecial matter, may be given 
 in evidence by any of the defendants in any fuch luit, aiSion, or profecution. Provided always 
 and laftly, it is hereby covenanted, concluded, and agreed, by and between the fald parries 
 hereto, and it is their true intent and meaning. That if the faid A. B. fliall continue in the faiJ 
 company's fcrvice after the expiration of the laid term of five yearo, that fuch continuance {hM 
 be upon the fame terms, conditions, and agreements, as arc herein before made and agreed unon 
 for the faid term of five years, fave and except, that if the faid A. B.fh-ill rife to any fuperior place 
 or ofiice than what he is hereby employed in or appointed for, that then he the faid A. B. per- 
 forming the covenants aforefaid, fhall have and receive fuch wages as are ufually paid to officers 
 in the like advanced ftation, places, or employments. In witnels whereof, the faid United Com- 
 pany have to one part of thefe indentures let their common leal ; and the faid A. JJ. hath to the 
 other part of the faid indenture fet his hand and feal, the day and year firfl above-written. 
 
 A. B. (L. S.) 
 Sealed and delivered (being ftamp'd 
 
 according to adt of parliament) 
 
 in the prefence of Us, 
 
 I acknowledge to have read the within covenant before I executed the fame. 
 
 Witnefs, A. B. 
 
 Writers covenant from 1756 to July 1770. 
 1000 tador's covenants. 1770. 
 
 This indenture made the Day of in the year of our Lord one 
 
 thoufji.d (even iiuudred and and in the yjar of the reign cfour 
 
 l"overei;rn Lord by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ire- 
 
 land, King, defender of the faith, and fo forth, between the Unicd Company of merchants of 
 England, trading to the Eaft Indies, of tlie one part, and A. B. of London, writer, of the other 
 part. Whereas the faid United Company of merchants of England, trading to the Eaft Indies, 
 have (upon the fpecial requeft and entreaty of the faid A. B. and upon the conditions and agree- 
 ments herein after contained, on the part of the faid A. B. to be performed) received and enter- 
 tained him the faid A. B. into their fervicc, as their writer and covenant fervant, at their chief 
 fettlement of Eort \V'i!liam in Bengal in the Eaft Indies, to ferve them for the term of five years, 
 and to be employed in all or any of the trafhclc or inerthandizes, bufniefTes, and afrJrs, in any 
 place or places whatfoever, between the Cape of Good Hope, and the Straits of Magellan, as 
 the faid Company, or their Court of Directors for the time being, or any thirteen, or more of 
 them, or any by them authorized, (liall appoint, at and for the wages orfum of five pounds of 
 lawful money of Great Britain, by the year, to commence from the time of his arrival at Fort 
 William aforelaid. Now this indenture witncfl'eth, that the faid A. B. for himfelf, his heirs, 
 executors, and adminiflrators, doth hereby covenant and agree, to and with the faid United 
 Company of merchants of England, trading to the Eaft Indies, and their fuccellbrs, in manner 
 and form following, (that is to fay) that he the faid A. B. from the time of his arrival at Fort 
 William aforefaid, for, and during, and unco the full end and expiration of five years, (hall faith- 
 fully, honcflly, diligently, and carefully, ferve the faid Company at fuch place and places, and 
 in all and every fuch affairs and bufinefs whatfoever of the (aid Company, as the faid A. B. 
 fhall be employed in ; and Ihall alio from time to time, and at all time^, obferve, keep, and 
 fulfil, all and every the orders of the faid Company, and of the laid Court of Diieffors, made 
 and to be made, for the government of their factories and fettlements, officers, ao'entsj or (Ir- 
 vants abroad ; and fhall and wiU alfo obferve, keep, and fulfil, all fuch orders, inflrudlions, 
 and directions, which he fhall herewith or hereafter receive under the feal of the faid Com- 
 pany, or from the faid Court of Diredtorj of the faid Company for the time being, or any thir-. 
 teen or more of them, or from any perfons authorized thereunto by fuch Directors ; and fhall and 
 ^^(tothc utmoftof his power and (kill, refill and withifand all and every fuch peifon or perfon', 
 as (ball break, or endeavour to break, the laid orders, inflrucf ion:., or dirciStions, or anyof thcni. 
 And the faid A. B. doth hereby for himfelf, his heirs, executors, and adminiltrators covenant 
 and agree, to and with the faid United Company of merchants of England, tradin<» to the E i(t 
 Indies, that he will not do, attempt, or practife, nor fhall wittingly or willinglv permit or fulKsr 
 any other pcrfon or perfons whatfoever, to do, attempt, or pradtilc, any matter or thin?- what- 
 foever, to the hindrance, hurt, prejudice, damage, or defrauding, of the faid Company, or 
 their (uccefTorb, or of their fervants, or any of them, or of the f.iid Company's goods, merclvm- 
 dizcj, trade, or trjffick, or any of them, or any part thereof; but IhaP, as much as in him lies, 
 prevent and defeat the fame. And the faid \. B. doth hereby, for himfelf, his heirs, execu- 
 tors, and adminiflrators, covenant and agree to and with the laid United Company of merchants 
 of England, trading to the Eaft Indies, that he the faid A. B. fhall and will, from time to time, 
 and at all times from henceforth, give notice and intelligence, with all convenient fpeed, unto the 
 faid Court of Diredlors for the lime beiiH^, of all and every the dccits, wrongs, abufcs, briMih 
 of orders, inconvenience?, hindrances which he the laid A. I',- ilull know, underltand, hcir, 
 or fufpccl to be done, practifed, offered, or intended, againft the liiid Company, or their Uic- 
 cefTors, or their goods or trade, or any of them, or againft any per(i)n or perfons by them or li\' 
 the faid Court of DiretSlors employed, or in their fervicc, in any pace or places, together with 
 the names of ihofe perfons by whom the fame (hall be fo olTcrcd, pradifed or intended. And the 
 faid A. B. doth hcrcbv, for himfelf, his heirs, executors, and adiuintdratorsj covenant, pro- 
 
 P niife,
 
 m 
 
 ( 58 ) 
 
 ...ife and acreo, to and with the f:.iJ United Company of merchants of England, trading to the 
 Eaft'lndies,^that he will not engage or employ, either the ftock of the faid Company, or any part 
 thereof, or make ule of the credit of the laid Company, in any kind, or other way and manner 
 howfoever, than for the affairs of the faid Company, and as by the major part of the Court of 
 Dire^ors of ihc- laid Company for the lime being, under their hands, or under the common feal 
 of the faid Company, Ihall be ordered and diredted. And the faid A. B. doth hereby, for him- 
 felt his hc-irs, executors, and adminidrators, covenant, promife, and agree, to and with the 
 laid' United Company of merchants of Enj.land, trading to the Eaft Indies, that he the faid 
 A. B. fliall and will, at all ume>, keep and "conceal the laid Company's fecrets, and every mat- 
 ter and thino- committed to him as fuch by the faid Court of Diredor!, or their agents, favors, 
 officers, and fervants, or any of them. And alfo, that he the faid A. B. fliall and will, from 
 time to'time, and at all times, from henceforth, during his faid emplo)ment, keep, or caufe to 
 be kept, a true and particular journal or day book, ot all paflages and proceedings relating to the 
 affairs of the faid Company, and alio books of accounts ; in which journal, day book, and books 
 of accounts, he fliall daily, duly, truly, and fully, enter or cauie to be entered, the accounts 
 of all and every particular buying, felling, receipts, payments, barterings, and other tranfac- 
 tions and occurrences relating' to his trull, during the time he fhall continue in the (aid United 
 Company's fervice and empioyn.ent : And the faid A. B. doth hereby, for himfelf, his heirs, 
 executors, and adminiilrators, covenant, promife, and agree, to and with the faid United Com- 
 pany, that he will not place, or confent to the placing to the faid Company's account, nor other- 
 wife charge the faid Company with any more or greater fums than he fliall really, and in good 
 faith, pay for all or any gooJb, merchandizes, or efl'ccts, which he fliall buy, or caufe, 
 procure, or confent to be bought, for, or on account of the faid Company. And the faid A. B. 
 doth hereby, for himfelf, his heirs, executors, and adminiflrators, covenant and agree, to and 
 with the i'aid United Company of merchants of England, trading to the Eaft Indies, that he 
 fliall and will bring to the account of the faid Company, in the books of the faid Company, the ' 
 full rates and prices for which heflial! fell, or caufe to be fold, any of the f.ad Company's goods, 
 merchandizes, or effects. And the faid A. B. doth hereby for himklf, his heirs, executors, and ad- 
 minilfratois, further covenant and agree, to and with the faid United Company of meichants of 
 England, trading to the Eaft Indies, that he will not directly or indiredly, take, accept, or re- 
 ceive, or a~ree to take, accept, or receive, any gift, reward, gratuity, allowance, compenlation, fum 
 or fums ot^'money whatfoever, from any;perfon or perfons, of whom he the faid A. B. fliall, by him- 
 felf, or any a^ent for him, buy or barter any goods, merchandizes, treafure, or effects, for, or upon 
 account o'f, °hc faid Company ; and further, that he will not take, accept, or receive, or agree to 
 take accept or receive, any sift, reward, gratuity, allowance, compenfation, fum or fums of money 
 whatfoever, from any perf n^or perfons to whom he the faid A. B. Ihall, directly or indirectly, by 
 himfelf, oragent for him, fell or barter any goods, merchandizes, ticafure, oreffeas of or belonging 
 to, or for, or upon account of, the faid Company. And the faid A. B. for himfelf, his heirs, 
 executors, and adminiftrators, doth covenant and agree, to and with the faid united Company, 
 that he the faid A. B. his executors, or adminiftrators, fhall produce and deliver the faid books, 
 together with all wafte books, pocket books, diaries, memorials, and other writings and papers 
 whatfoever, wherein he the laid A. B. fliall make, or caufe to be made, any entries, or let down 
 any matter or thing touching or concerning the faid company's affairs, or any of them, or any 
 v.-ay relatin'' thereunto (although the fame may or fhall be intermixed with his own, or others 
 concerns) unto the faid Court of Directors, of the faid company for the time being, or to fi ch 
 perfon or peifons, as fliall by letter or order, under the hands of thirteen, or more, of the fa:d 
 Court of Diredors, or under the feal of the faid company, be authorized and appointed to de- 
 mand and receive the fame ; and fhall and will, if required, make oath to the truth of fuch 
 books, di:uies, memorials, writings and papers, and that the fame contain the whole of his 
 tranfaiStions, and that they have not been defaced, obliterated, or altered. And further, that he 
 the fiid A. B. fliall and will well and truly deliver and pay unto the faid United Company, or 
 their fuccelfors, all and every fuch monies, goods, merchandizes, and things whatfoever, as by 
 the foot of his account, or oiherwife, Ihalf be due from him, or remain in his hands and pofFeflion, 
 and for which he ouf^ht to be chargeable or anfwerable in any manner or wife: And alfo, that 
 he the faid A. B. fliall and will (before he fliall leave the faid company's factories or fettlements) 
 pay and difchar^eall and every fuch fum or fums of money, as he fliall juftly owe or be indebted to 
 any of the black merchants or natives of the country where he the faid A. B. fliall be, together with 
 fuch other fums as he fliall owe, abroad to any other merchants or perfons not being fubjciSs of 
 his Maiefty the King of Great-Biitain or his fuccelfors; and that he the faid A. B. fliall and 
 11, from time to time, when and as often as he fhall be thereunto required by the laid Com- 
 
 vvi 
 
 pany, or their fuccelfors, or by the prefident, agent, pr chief, and council, of the place where 
 the faid A. B. fhall be, remove to any fuch other faiftories, as fuch prefident, agent, or chief, 
 aad counci', fliall fo direct or require. And alfo. That he the laid A. B. fhill, at all times, 
 durins; the time of his fervice aforefaid, faithfully and diligently demean himfelf as a good, ho- 
 nelt, ^nJ faithful fervant towards the faid company, and their fuccelfors, and thofe by them au- 
 thorifed, and lovingly and peaceably towards his conforts. And upon condition, that the faid 
 A. B. fhall in all thino-s perform his covenants and agreements with the faid company, and to 
 encourage him fo to do, it is furtiier covenanted and agreed, by and bet.veea the faid parties to 
 thefe prcfcnts. That it fhall and may be lawful to and' for the'faid A. B. and the faid company 
 doth accordini^ly licenfc the faid A.D. during the faid five years com;nencing as aforefaid, treely 
 
 to
 
 ( 59 ) 
 
 to trade and traffick, for his own account only from port to port in India, or clfcivhcrc, within 
 the limits aforelaitt, but n<^c to or from any place witnou: the fame, without any lett, hinderance 
 or interruption, from them the faid company, their fucceflbrs or afligns, fo as'thc faid trade and 
 trafEck, fo to be carried to and driven in India or elfewhere, within the limirs aforcfaid, or anr 
 part thereof, be fubjedt to fuch rules, regulations, and limitations, as the faid company, or the 
 Court of Direftors ror the time being of the faid company, have already d:rfcKd, or fiiall from 
 time to time hereafter direcit and appoint, and be not to the hurt or prejudice of the faid com- 
 pany and their fucccflors, or of their trade or commcice ; and fo as whatever is fo traded for by 
 the faid A. B. by virtue of this agreement, be particularly entered in bciolis of the faid company, 
 to be kept for that purpofe in all the factories of the iaid company refprctivcly in the Eaft-Indies 
 or elfewhere within the limits aforefaid, where fuch trade fhall be driven : But in c;;fe the faid 
 A. B. fhall wafte or make ufe of the faid company's trcafure, or fhall become indi-bted to the faid 
 company, or fhali in any wife make default in performance of the covenants aforcfaid, then and 
 in fuch cafe, it is hereby further covenanted and agreed, by and between the faid parties to thefe 
 prelents, Thr.t he the f^id A. B. fhall not be entitled to any payments, advantages, and benclits 
 hereby otherwise intended him ; bat contrariwile, for and towards fatisfaiSWon for what (hall be 
 due from him to the fiid company, and for and towards reparation of the dama^res done to the 
 faid company, it fnall and may be lawful to and for any perion or perfons thereunto authorized 
 and appointed, by wiiting, under the hands of thirteen, or more, of the Court of Direflors 
 of the faid company for the time being, or under the feal of the faid company, and to and for 
 any prefident, agent, or chief, and council, of any place or fadtory of or beoni^inij to the faid 
 company, to feize, or caufe the goods and chattels of him the faid A. B. to be fcizcd and de- 
 tained, until fatisfjflion is made. And foralinuch as grievous complaints have been made to the 
 faid United Company, that feveral of the faid company's prefidents and chiefs of their factories 
 and feveral of fuch perfons as are of their councils m their facifcries abroad, or fome of them 
 as alfo their faJlos, agents, and fervants, have committed vary heinous and j-rievous oCliices 
 in ilich faiStories of the faid company, and elfewhere in the Ealf-Indies, and oth.;r pldLC-^ vv :h'a 
 the faid company's limits of trade, by unjullly menacing, imprifoniiig, afTaultin.-f, abufin >■, and 
 evil treating, the natives and black merchants, and others with wiiom the faid company have 
 had dealing or correfpondence ; and by luch means, and other violences, ahufes, and injuries 
 have, as hath been alledged, extorted and forced great fums of money, and ether valuable ef- 
 fedts, from fuch injured perfons, who by reafon of the great diftance from this kingdom, and the 
 wholefome laws thereof, and by reafon that the faid company have not been enabled to obtain 
 and render fatisfadtion for fuch injuries and mifdemeanors, are, and have been rcmedilefs : Now 
 it is hereby agreed by and between the faid parties to thefe prefents, and the faid A. B. doth 
 hereby, for himfelf, his heirs, executors, and adminillrators, covenant and agree, to and with 
 the faid United Company, that in cafe any fum or fums of money, goods or chattels whatfoever 
 fliall at any time or times hereafter, be extorted, forced, or taken, by him the faid A. B. (either 
 fcparately or jointly wiih others) from any perfon or perfons whatfoever, within the faid com- 
 pany's limit; of trade, by the means or ufe of imprifonmcnts, aflaulis, violences, menaces, or 
 other force or compulfion whatfoever, then and as often as any fuch offence or offences fhall 
 be committed, it f.iaU and may be lawful, to and for every perfon or perfons injured thereby to 
 make and fend over complaints and atteftations thereof in writing, to the Couit of Diredors of 
 the faid company for the time being, and that upon the receipt of fuch complaints, and attefta- 
 tions, it fhall and may be lawful to and for the Court of Direflors of the faid company for the 
 time being, to enquire into the truth of the faid complaints, by all fuch ways and means as 
 they fhall think juft and equitable, and thereupon to hear the matter of the faid complaint or 
 complaints, and thereupon finally to judge and determine the fame, and to award fatisfadtion and 
 reparation to be made by the faid A. B. to the faid company, for the benefit of fuch injured per- 
 fons. And the faid A. B. doth hereby for himfelf, his heirs, executors, and adminiftrators co- 
 venant and agree, to and with the faid United Company, well and truly to pay to the faid 
 Company, at fuch time or times as (hall be limited by the faid Court of DireiStors (or 
 the major part of them) for that purpofe, all and every fuch fum and fums of money as 
 fhill be fo awarded by the faid Court of Direftors for the time beii-.L'', or the major part 
 of them then afli^mble-d, to be paid as aforcfaid : But in truft nevcrthclefs, and to the intent 
 that the faid Company may and do render, aiid pay over, the monies received or recovered by 
 them, to the parties injured or defrauded, which the faid Compiny accordingly hereby a<'ree and 
 covenant to do: And the faid A. B. doth furthermore, for himfelf, his heiis, executors, and ad- 
 miniftrators, covenant and agree, to and with the faid United Company, to pay and fatisfy to 
 the faid Company, for their own ufe and benefit, all fuch damages as they fhall have fuflained by 
 reafon or means of any fuch offence or oftences as aforcfaid, and forafmuch as it frcc]uently hap- 
 pens, that the Piefident and Council, agent and council, chief and council, and levcral other 
 I'ubordinate officers of feveral of the laid Ci'mpany's factories abroad, have, by mutual inrluences 
 on each other, li-tiled, dated, and adjufled amongft theml'elves, tlieir own accounts with the 
 faid Company, in oidcr, as far as they could, to bar and preclude the faid Company from re- 
 viewing, altering, amending, correcting, or contefting, the fame: Now it is hereby further 
 declared, that all and every fuch account and accounts, fo at any time heretofore ftated, bal- 
 lanced, figned, or adjufled, as aforcfaid, were ever defigned by the faid Company to be, and the 
 fame, and all and every fuch account and accounts, fo hereafter ro be ftated, ballanced, fiTaed 
 ill adjufted, by, between, of amongft fuch Prefidents and Councils, or agents and councils, or 
 
 chiefs
 
 C 60 ) 
 
 chiefs and councils, or other fubordinate officers, or any of them, are hereby agreed to be, and 
 fliall at all times hereafter be taken and efteemed to be, open accounts, formed and prepared 
 only fur the mfpection, perufai, and approbation, or correction, of the faid Company, and 
 fhall not in anv fort or kind, or in any article thereof, bind or conclude the faid Company. 
 And the faid A. B. doth, (or himL-if, his heirs, executors, and adminiftators, covenant and agree, 
 to and with the faid Uiiitrd Company, that he the faid A. B. will not at any time, during his 
 refidence in the tail Indies, or within the fjid Company's limits, diredly or indirediy, by him- 
 felf, or in conjunction with any perlon or perfons whatfoever, carry or ufe, or be concerned in 
 any fort 0* trade, traffick, or merchandize, either from Europe to the Eaft Indies, or to any 
 place within the faid Company's limits, between the Cape of Good Hope, and the Straits of 
 M..''ellan, or from the Eaft Indies, or from any place within the laid Company's limits, to Eu- 
 rope', or to or from any place whatfoever, although not within the faid Company's limits of 
 trade', fave and except, for, and on account of, the faid Company, nor fh ill carry on, ufe, or 
 be concerned in, ahv tiade or traffick whatfoever, but fuch as is txprefs'y allowed by and accord- 
 ing to the true intent and meaning of thefe prelcnts. And the faid A. B. for himfelf, his heirs, 
 executors, and adminiftratnrs, doth hereby covenant and agree, that he the faid A. B. his ex- 
 ecutors or adminiflrators, fhiU, and will pay, or caufe to be paid, unto the faid Company, as 
 and by way of Itated damages, double the value of all and every the goods and merchandizes, 
 traded for,' bartered, or trarficked wirh, by the faid A. B. his agent or agents, contrary to the 
 true meanino; of thefe prefents, and moreuver, (hall forfeit and lofe all and every the benefits and 
 advantages which the' faid A. B. his executors, adminiftrators, or afligns, would othcrwife be 
 entitled unto, from the faid Company, and fliall alfo from thenceforth ceafe to be the faid Com- 
 pany's fervant or agent : Provided ncverthelefs, that if the faid A. B. fhall firft voluntarily and 
 freely make a difcovery, unto the faid Company's Court of Directors, of any trade, or traffick, 
 carried on by him or his agents, contrary to the true meaning of thefe prefents, and of all and 
 every the perfons therein concerned, then and in fuch cafe the faid Company do hereby agree to 
 accept the fingle value, infti-ad of the double value of the faid goods and merchandizes, which 
 fhall be traded with, in, for, or bartered or trafficked for, contrary to the true meaning of thefe 
 prefents, as afore aid : And in order to a difcovery of, and a latislatSlion for, fuch illicit trade as 
 aforelaid, it is hereby agreed, that it fhall and may be lawful, to and for the faid United Com- 
 pany, and their fucceflbrs, to file any bill or bills of complaint or difcovery, in his Majefty's 
 high court of Chancery or court of Exchequer, againft him the faid A. B. his executors and ad- 
 miniftrators, whereunto the faid A. B. doth hereby agree, that neither he, nor they, (hall or 
 will demur or plead in bar of the difcovery or relief, fought by fuch bill or bills, that thereby he 
 or they, is, are, may, or fliall become liible to any penalty or forfeiture, by force of any law or 
 ftatute, bond, covenant, or agreement, or othcrwife howfoever, but fliall make and put in a fuU 
 and perfeiSl anfwer and anfwers to all the parts thereof, and fliall not, in fuch anfwer and anfwers, 
 rnfift upon any penalty, forfeiture, law, or ftatute, bond, covenant, or agreement, or alledge 
 any matter whatfoever, whereby to prevent, bar, or preclude the faid Company, from the dif- 
 covery or relief, fought, or to be fought, by fuch bill or bills as aforefaid ; but then, and in fuch 
 cafe, the faid United Company do hereby confent to wave and difclaim all and all manner of 
 penalties and forfeitures, that fliall or may, in any kind or degree whatfoever, accrue or incur to 
 them, upon, or by reaibn of, any difcovery or difclofure arifing from the faid anfwer or anfwers, 
 of the faid A. B. his executors or adminiftrators; and the faid United Company, for themfclves 
 and their fucceflbrs, do agree to accept, and the faid A. B. doth for himfelf, his heirs, executors, 
 and adminiftrators, agiee to account for, and pay or caufe to be paid to, or to the ufe of, the 
 faid Company, or their fucceflbrs, as and for a full, ftated, and adjufted compenfation and fatis- 
 fadfion for the damages fuftaincd by the faid Company, upon account of the faid illicit trade, 
 the fum of fifty pounds for every one hundred pounds value, and all and every the goods and mer- 
 chandizes traded or trafficked with, or for, contrary to the true intent and meaning hereof, and 
 alfo of the produce of the faid illicit trade. Provided always apd laftly, it is hereby covenanted, 
 concluded, and agreed, by and between the faid parties hereto, and it is their true intent and 
 meaning, that if the faid A. B. fliall continue in the faid Company's fervice after the expiration 
 of the faid term of five years, that fuch continuance fliall be upon the fame terms, conditions, and 
 agreements, as are herein before made and agreed upon, for the faid term of five years, fave 
 and except, that if the (:iid A. B. fhall rife to any fuperior place or office than what he is hereby 
 employed in or appointed for, that then he the faid A. B. performing the covenants aforefaid, 
 fliall have and receive fuch wages as are ufually paid to officers in the like advanced ftations, 
 places, or employments. In witnefs whereof, the faid United Company have to one part of 
 thefe indentures fct their common feal ; and the faid A. B. hath to the other part of the faid in- 
 dentures fet his hand and feal, the day and year firft above written. 
 
 A. B. (L. S.) 
 Sealed and delivered (being ftamp'd 
 according to acl of pailiamcnt) 
 in the prefence of us 
 
 I do acknowlcge to have read the within covenant before I executed the fame. 
 
 Witnefs, A. B, 
 
 Amount 
 
 $
 
 ( 6i ) 
 
 Amount of the Fecurities taken fiom the refpeiElive ranks of the Eaft India Company's Civil 
 fervants. 
 
 A Governor ■ ■ f. 10,000 
 
 Couiifcllor — — ^ 4,00a 
 
 Senior merchant • 3,000 
 
 Junior merchant • ■ 2,000 
 
 factor • 1,000 
 
 Writer • 500 
 
 Mem", military officers do not give fecurity for the performance or their covenants. 
 
 Copi«"s of the feparate commiflions of commander in chief of the military forces of the Eaft In- 
 dia Company, at their ditterent prefidencies, and of fuch commiflion ofcommander in chief 
 as may have comprehended all their forces in India. 
 
 The United Company of merchants of England trading to the Eaft Indies; 
 To Major General Stringer Lawrence, fend greeting. 
 We, [he faid united Company, repofmg efpccial trult and confidence in you Major General 
 Stringer Lawrence, do by ihele prefents coniliiute and appoint you to be commander in chiel uf 
 all our military forces in the Eaft Indies, under our refpective prefidencies ; that is to fay our 
 prefidency ot Fort St George, on the co^ft of Choromandel, and the feveral fcttlcmcnts and 
 places fub jrJinatc to the faid prefidency, whenever and as often as you fhall be prefent and refidc 
 atthe faid prehdency, fettlements, or places, and during fuch time or times only ; ourprefidenc\' 
 ofFort William in Bengal, and the feveral fettlements and places fubordinate thereto, whenever 
 and as often as you (hall be piel'ent and rellJe at the faid picfidencv', f'ett'emcius or places and 
 during fuch time or times only ; our prelidency at Bombay, and the I'cveral fettlements and places 
 fubordinate thereto, whenever and as often as you fhjll be prefent and refide at the faid prefi- 
 dency, fettlements, or places, and during fuch time or times only ; our prelidency of Fort Marl- 
 borough, and the feveral fettlements and places fubordinate thereto, whenever and as often as 
 you fliall be prefent, or refide at the faid prefidency, fettlements, or places, and durino- fuch 
 time or times only. And you Major General Stringer Lawrence are, to the utmoft of \oux Ikil! 
 and power, to do and perform all fuch offices and fcrvices as appertain to the poft of commander 
 inchief of all our military forces in the Eaft Indies as aforefaid, fubjivt however to all fuch rules 
 orders, and inftruftions, as you fliall at any time receive from the Court of DireiSlors of the ("aid 
 United Company of merchants oi England trading to the Eaft Indies, in writing, or under the 
 hands of thirteen or more of them, or from the faid Company's frefidents and Councils of Fort 
 Saint George, Fort William, Bombay, or Fort Marlborough, refpeclively, whenever you fhall 
 be prefent at fuch refpedive prefidency, or any of the fettlements or places fubordinate thereto 
 according to the rules and difcipline of war, in purfuance of the truft we hereby repofe in you ' 
 And we do hereby ftrictly require, charge, and command, all commiffrjn oihcers, non com- 
 milTion officets, foldiers, and others, belonging to our military forces at the feveral places b 
 fore mentioned, to yield you, as commander in chief, during your refidence at fuch places 
 aforefaid, due obedience accordingly. In witnefs, &c. 
 
 Dated the nth March 1761. 
 
 The United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 To Jofeph Smith, Efquire, Greeting. 
 
 We, the faid United Company, repofi:ig efpecial truft and confidence in your courafe 
 and experience in military affairs, do, by thefc prefents, conftltute and appoint you, to' "be 
 a Brigadier General in our fervice, and do give and grant you full pjwer and authority, to take 
 your rank as Brigadier General. 
 
 You are therefore to take upon you the faid charge and command of Brii'-adicr General as afore- 
 faid, and carefully and diligently to difcharge the faid truft of Brigadier General, by doinrr all 
 things thereunto belonging : And we do hereby command all our officers and foldiers, to obey 
 you as Brigadier General. And you are to obferve and follow all fuch orders and directions as 
 you (hall from time to time receive from us, our Governor and Council of Fort Saint Geon^c 
 or any other your fuperior officer, according to the rules and difcipline of war, in purfu.ince'o'f 
 the truft hereby repofed in you; or failing therein, our faid Governor and Council are empow- 
 ered by us to vacate and annul thefe prefents : Given under our common feal, this third day of 
 November, in the ninth year of the reign of his moft excellent Majelty, our Soverci>jn Lord 
 George the third, by the grace of God, iCing of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, defender 
 of the faith, and fo forth ; and in the year of our Lord One thoufand ftvea hundred and li,\t/ 
 eight. ' ^ 
 
 By order of the Court of DIreJtors of the faid United Company. 
 
 P. Michell, Secretary. 
 
 TheUn'ted Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 To Major General Eyre Coote, Greetin-'. 
 We, the faid United Company, repofuig efpecial truft and confidence in you Major General 
 Eyre Coote, do by thefe prefents conftitutc and appoint you to be commander in chief of all our 
 
 ^ military 
 
 e- 
 
 as
 
 i 62 ) 
 
 military forces in the Eaft Indies, and you are to the utmoft of your fkill and power, to do ano" 
 perform all fuch offices and fervices as appertain to the poll of commander in chief of all our 
 niilitary forces in the Eall Indies as aforelaid, fubjeS however to all fuch rules, orders, and iii- 
 ftru£lions, as you Hull at any time receive from the Court of Directors of the faid United Com- 
 pany ot merchants of England trading to the Eaft Indies, in writing or under the hands of thir- 
 teen or more of them, or from the commiffioners appointed to fuperintend their afFairs in India, 
 or from the faid Company's Prefidents and Councils of Fort Saint George, Fort William, Bom- 
 bay, or Fort Marlboroui;h, refpeclively, whenever you fhall be prefent at fuch refpeflive prefi- 
 dency, or any of the fettlements or places fubordinate thereto, according to the rules and difci- 
 pline of war, in purfuance of the truft we hereby repofe in you: And we do hereby ftndly re- 
 quire, charge, and command, all commiffion officers, non commiflion officers, folditrs, and 
 others belonging to our military forces, at the feveral places before mentioned, to yicid you as 
 their commander in chief, during your refidence at fuch places as aforefaid, due obedience ac- 
 cordingly. In witnefs whereof, the faid United Company have caufed their common fcul to be 
 affixed in London, this 22d day of December, in the tenth year of the reign of our Sovereign 
 Lord George the third, by the grace of God, ol Great Britain, France, and Ireland, K.ng, 
 defender of the faith ; and in the year of our Lord One thouUnd feven hundred and fixty-nine. 
 
 (L. S.) 
 By order of the Court of Diredtors of the faid United Company. 
 
 Peter Michell, Secretary. 
 
 The United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft-Indies. 
 To Eyre Coote, Efquire, Lieutenant Colonel in his Majefty's fervice, and Commandant of the 
 
 Eighty- fourth regiment of toot, greeting. 
 
 We, the faid United Company, do by thele prefents conititute and appoint you Eyre Coote, 
 Efquire, to be commander in chief of all our military forces, at our prefidency of Fort William 
 in Bengal, and the feveral places and fettlements fubordinate thereto; you are therefore to the 
 utmofl of your /kill and power, to do and perform all fuch offices and fervices, as appertain to 
 the poll of commander in chief of all our military forces in Bengal, as aforefaid, fubjedt how- 
 ever to all fuch rules, orders, and iiiftru£fions, which you fhall at any time receive from the 
 Court of Diredlors of the faid United Company of merchants of England trading to the Eaft- 
 Indies, for the time being, or from our governor and council of Fort William aforefaid, for the 
 time being : And we do hereby ftriftly require, charge, and command, all commiffion officers, 
 non-commiffion officers, foldiers, and others, belonging to our military forces in Bengal afore- 
 faid, to yield you, as their commander in chief as aforefaid, due obedience accordingly. In 
 witnefs whereof, we have caufed our common feal to be affixed to thefe prefents, the 14th day 
 of March, in the year of our Lord One thoufand feven hundred and fifty-nine, and in the 
 thirty-fecond year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord George the Second, by the grace of God, 
 of Great-Britain, France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and fo forth. 
 
 (L. S.) 
 
 Signed by Order of the Court of Directors of the faid Company. 
 
 Rob'. James, Secretary. 
 
 The United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft-Indies. 
 To Sir Robert Barker, Knight, greeting. 
 We, the faid United Company, repofing efpecial truft and confidence in your courage and 
 experience in military afFairs, do by thefe prefents conftitute and appoint you to be a Brigadier 
 General in our ferviee, and do give and grant you full power and authority to take your rank 
 as Brigadier General ; you are therefore to take upon you the faid charge and command of Bri- 
 wadier'^General as aforefaid, and carefully and diligently to difcharge the faid truft of Brigadier 
 General by doing all things thereunto belonging : And we do hereby command all our officers 
 and foldiers to obey you as Brigadier General ; and you are to obferve and follow all fuch orders 
 and directions, as you fhall from time to time receive from us, our Governor and Council of 
 Fort William, or any other your fuperior officer, according to the rules and difcipline of war, in 
 purfuance of the truft hereby repofsd in you ; or failing therein, our faid Governor and Council 
 are impowered by us to vacate and annul thefe prefents. Given under our common feal this 23d 
 day of March, in the Tenth year of the reign of his moft excellent Majefty, our Sovereign 
 Lord George the Third, by the grace of God, King of Great-Britain, France and Ireland, 
 Defender of the Faith, and fo forth ; and in the year of our Lord One thoufand feven hundred 
 and feventy. 
 
 L. S. 
 By Order of the Court of Directors of the faid United Companj'. 
 
 P. Michell, Secretary. 
 
 The
 
 ( <53 ) 
 
 The United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft-Indies 
 To David VVeddcrburn, El'quire, greeting. 
 We, the (<tid United Company, repoiing erpecia! trult and confidence in your courage and 
 experience in military aftairs, do by thcfe prefcnts coiiltitute and appoint you to be a Bn^adier 
 General in our fervice, and do give and grant you full power and authority to take your^rank 
 as Brigadier General ; you are therefore to take upon you the faid charge and conimarid of Bri- 
 gadier General as aforelaid, and carefully and diligently to difcharge the faid trult of Britradier 
 General, by doing all things thereunto belonging : And we do hereby command all our officers 
 and loldicrs to obey you ai Brigadier General ; and you are to obferve and follow all fuch orders 
 and directions as you fhall from time to time receive from us, our Governor and Coujicil of 
 Bombay, or any other your fuperior officer, according to the rules and difcipline of war in 
 purfuunceof the tiuft hereby repofed in you; or failing therein, our faid Governor and Council 
 are iinpoweted by us, to vacate and annul thefe prefcnts. Given under our common feal this 
 Twenty-eighth day of March, in the Tenth year of the reign of his moll excellent Maiefty, our 
 Sovereign Lord George the Third, by the Grace of God, King of Great-Britain, France and 
 Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and fo forth ; and in the year of our Lord One thoufand feven 
 hundred and feventy. 
 
 (L. S.) 
 By Order of the Court of Directors of the faid United Company, 
 
 P. Michel), Secretary. 
 
 Copies of the commlflions from the Eaft-India Company, appointinn- a Prefidcnt or Go- 
 vernor at each of their refpeiSfive prelidcncies, and the CounLil,- iffucd by the faid 
 Company fince the year 1756. 
 
 The United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft-Indies. 
 To all, to whom thefe prcfents fiiall come, fend greeting. 
 Know ye, Thit the laid United Company, repofing efpeci;il truft and confidence in the fiJelitv 
 prudence, juftice, and circunifpec'lion, of Robert Paik, Elquire, have made, conftituted and 
 ordained, and by thefe prcfents do make, conftitute, and ordain, the faid Robert Palk to be 
 Prefident and Governor of and for all our affairs on the coaft of Choromandel and Orixa and 
 of the Chingee and Moratta countries ; and alfo to be our Commander in chief of our Fort Saint 
 George, and Town of Madrafpatnam, and all the territories thereunto belonging, and of all 
 and lingular the forts, fadfories, and fettlements, tcrri;ories, countries, and jurildictions thereof 
 and of all the forces which now are, or hereafter may or iliall be employed, (or the fervice of the 
 faid United Company, in the faid forts, towns, a:.d places ; and to execute all and every the 
 powers and authorities thereunto appertaining, by order and direction of the Court of Dircdors 
 of the laid United Company for the time being, and to continue in the exercife of the fame dur- 
 ing our and their pleafure, and until the contrary thereof fiiall be fignified under the feal of the 
 faid United Company of Merchants of England, trading to the Eall-Indies, or under the hands 
 of thirteen or more of the Court of Directors of the faid Company for the time bein» : And to the 
 end that the faid Robert Palk may be better enibled to order and manage all the affairs of us the 
 faid Company ; we do by thefe prefcnts conftitute and ordain Major General Strin'^er Lawrence 
 to be, and continue, fecond of our Council of Fort Saint George, and not at any time to rife' 
 to a fuperior rank therein, Charles Bourcbicr, Efq; to be third. Brigadier General John Cail- 
 laud, to be fourth, of our laid Council, and not to rife at anytime to a fuperior rank, than third 
 of the faid Council; and that his faid fucceffion as. third do take place only on the death or ab- 
 fence of the faid Major General Stringer Lawrence ; Mr. Dawfonne Drake, fifth ; Mr. John 
 Pybus, fixth ; Mr. Richard Fairfield, fevcnth ; Mr. Samuel Ardley, eighth ; Mr. Charles Tur- 
 ner, ninth ; Mr. John Smith, tenth ; Mr. John Lewin Smith, eleventh ; Mr. John Call, twelfth ; 
 and Mr. George Stratton, thirteenth and laft, of our faid Council of Fort Saint George, for 
 governing and managing all the faid company's afiairs, upon the coaft of Choromandel, Orixa 
 Chingee, and Moratta countries, and governing the faid Fort Saint George, and city of Ma- 
 drafpatnam, and all other our forts, factories, and fettlements, within any of the faid territories: 
 And we do hereby give and grant unto our faid Prefident and Governor, Robert Palk, and to our 
 Council aforenamed, or the major pait of them (the whole Council being duly fummoncd) full 
 power and authority from time to time to rule and govern all and every our factors, or fervant? 
 under the faid prefidency, and all the foldiers and inhabitants of our faid Fort Saint George, and' 
 city of Madrafpatnam, and elfcwhere, within the places aforcfaid, to adminifter lawfiiT oaths, 
 as occafion fhall require; and to do and perform all fuch other aits and things, and to ufe and 
 exercife all fuch other po«versand authorities, as the faid Prefident and Governor, and his Coun- 
 cil, in their feveral and refpective places, where the faid United Company have or fhall have 
 factors, or any places of trade, are authorized to do according to fuch inltru^ilions and directions, 
 as he the faid Robert Palk, our Prefident and Governor, and Council, aforelaid, (hall from tim;- 
 to time receive under the hands of thirteen or more of the Court of Dire6tors of the faid United 
 Company for the time being : And we, the faid United Company, do hereby order and rcquiie 
 all our fadtors, fcrvants, officers, and foldiers, within the liniiis of the faid prefidency, and all 
 the people and inhabitants of our faid Fort Saint George, and tity of Madrafpatnam, or any other 
 our forts, places, or colonies, within the faid prefidency, to conform, fubmit, and yield due 
 
 obe-
 
 ( 64 ) 
 
 obedience, unto the faid Robert Palk, cur Prcfident and Governor, and his Council Accordingly. 
 And forafmuch as it is altoi^cthcr neceflary, that in cafe of the death or removal of the faid Ro- 
 bert Palk, our prdidency Ihould be provided for the defence and government Ithereof; we do 
 therefore, by thefe prcfmt?, ordain and appoint, that in fuch cafe, the laid Charles Bourchier 
 fhall immediately be, and fjcceed in the p. ace and charge of, Preiideiu and Governor of Fort 
 Saint George aforefaid ; and in cafe of his death or removal, the next civil fervant in degree of 
 Council below the faid Charles Bourchier and Brigadier General John Caillaud, tofucceed in the 
 faid prefidcncy and govenunent, in as full and ample manner, and with as large and ample S 
 
 power, privdeges, and authorities, as are hereby granted unto the faid Robert Palk, until our V 
 
 further pleafur'e be known t!;ereiii : And we do hereby revoke, repeal, annul, and make void, i 
 
 every former commiffion or commilFions, given or granted by us; whereby any other perfon or 
 perlons was and were conttituted and ordained Prelident and Governor, and any other perfons 
 therein named were coriftituted and ordained to be of the council of Fort S.iint George, afore- 
 laid : In witnefs whereof, we, the faid United Company, have caufed our common feal to be af- 
 fixed to thefe prefents, the fourth day of January, in the Fifth year of the reign of his nioft ex- 
 cellent Majefly George the Third, by the grace of God, of Great- Britam, France, and Ire- 
 land, King, Defender of the Faith, and fo forth, and in the year of our Lord One thoufand 
 feven hundred and fixty-five. 
 
 (L. S.) 
 Signed by Order of the Court of Diredlors of the faid United Company. 
 
 Rob'. James, Secretary. 
 
 Extract of the Company's general letter to Fort Saint George, dated the 4th January, 1765. 
 Having thought proper to nuke out a comnrdfion under the fcal of the Couipany, whereby 
 the Governor and Council for all the Company's affairs at the preiidency of Fort Saint George, 
 named in our letters of the 31ft December, 1760, and 13th March following, are confirmed, 
 and others appointed, as mentioned in the faid commiflion : — We fend the lame by the fliip 
 Albion, and an attefted copy thereof by the Royal Captain. 
 
 By the faid commiflion, the under-named perlijns are confirmed in, and appointed to, the fol- 
 lowing ffations in the Company's fcrvice at our preiidency of Fort Saint George ; viz. 
 Kobert Palk, Efquire, Prelident and Governor. 
 Major General Stringer Lawrence to be fecond in council, and not at any time to rife to a 
 
 fuperior rank therein. 
 Charles Bourchier, Efquire, to be third in council, and to fucceed to the government in cafe 
 
 of a vacancy therein by the deceafe or otherwife of Mr. Palk. 
 Brigadier General John Caillaud, to be fourth in council, and not to rife at any time to a 
 fuperior rank therein than third ; and his faid fuccefiion as third to take place only in 
 cafe of the death or abfence of General Lawrence. 
 Mr. Dawfonne Drake, Fifth in Council. 
 Mr. John Pybus, Sixth. 
 
 hU. Richard Fairfield, Seventh. 
 Mr. Samuel Ardley, Eighth. 
 Mr. Charles T'urner, Ninth. 
 Mr. John Smith, Tenth. 
 
 Mr. John Lewin Smith, Eleventh. 
 Mr. John Call, Twelfth. 
 
 Mr. George Stratton, Thirteenth. 
 Major General Lawrence and Biigadier General Caillaud are to be of council only as 
 defcribed in the before-mentioned commiflion and the preceding paragraph; it being our 
 meaning and direclionv, that agreeable to our former orders, neither of thofe gentlemen 
 Ihould fucceed to the government, as that polt is always to be filled by one of our civil 
 jtrvants ; and confequeiitly, in cafe of a vacancy therein, by the death or otherwife, of 
 Meflis. Palk and Bourchier, the next civil Icrvant in the Council below the lafl named 
 gentleman, and General Caillaud, is to fucceed thereto, until our further pleafure is fignified. 
 Ill cafe of the death or coming away of General Lawrence and General Caillaud, you 
 will obferve by our letter of the 21ft November laft, no other military officer or officers 
 are to have a feat or voice at the Board without our exprefs leave; which diredions are to 
 be firiclly obferved. 
 
 The United Company of merchants of England, trading to the Eaft Indies: To all to whom 
 thefe prefents fhall cimie, lend greeting : know ye, that the faid United Company, repofing 
 efpeciai truft and confidence in the fidelity, prudence, juftice, and circumfpedlion, of Charles 
 Bourchier, Efquire, have made, coni[tituted, and ordained, and by thefe prefents do make, con- 
 ilitute, and ordain, the laid Charles Bourchier, to be Prefideiit and Governor of and for all our 
 affairs on the coalt of Choromandel and Orixa, and of theChingee and Moratta countries ; and 
 alio to be cur commander in chief of our Fort Saint George and town of Madrafpatnam, and all 
 the tetrtor.es thereunto belonging, and of all and fingular, the forts, fadories, iettlements, ter- 
 ritories', countries, and jurifdidiions thereof; and of all the forces which now are, or hereafter 
 may or fhall be, employed for the fervicc of the faid United Company in the faid forts, towns, 
 
 and
 
 ( ^5 ) 
 
 I 
 
 and places, and to execute all anJ every the powers and authorities thereunto appertainin-i-, by 
 order and direction of tlie Court of Directors of the faid United Company for the time beinff 
 and to contniue in the excrcife of the lame during our and tlieir pleafure, and until the contrary 
 thereof fhall be fignified under the feal of the faid United Company of merchants of En'^land 
 trading to the Eaft Indies, or under the hands of thirteen or more of the Court of Diredors of 
 the faid Company for the time being: And to the end that the faid Charles Bourchicr may be 
 better enabled to orJer and manage all the affairs of us the faid Company, wc do by thefe prc- 
 feiits CLnftitute and ordain Joiias du Pre, Efquirc, to be fccond of our Council of Fort Saint 
 Gcorgi, next after our Prefidcnt Chailes Bourchicr, Mr. John Call to be third of our faid Coun- 
 cil, .\4r. Dawfonne Drake to be fourth, and not to rife to a f'.rperior rank therein, Mr. Alex- 
 ander VVyiich to be fifth, Mr. John Andrews to be fixth, Mr. John Pybus to be Seventh, Mr. 
 Samuel Ardley to be eighth, Mr. John Smith to be ninth, Mr. John Lewin Smith to be tenth, 
 Mr, George Siratton to be ekventh, Mr. George Dawfon to be twelfth, Mr. James Bourciiier 
 to be thirteenth, Mr. Henry Brooke to be fourteenth, and Air. (jeorge Maekay to be fifteenth, 
 and I j|t, of our faid Council of Fort Saint George, and not at any time to rife Ui an hio;her rank 
 therein, for governing and managing all the faid Company's affairs upon the coail of Choroman- 
 del, Orixa, Chingce, and Moratta countries, and governing the faid Fort Saint Geor<-c and 
 city of Madrafpatnam, and ail other our forts, fa(5tories, and fcttlements witiiin any of th^ faid 
 faflories : And we do hereby give and grant unto our faid Prefident and Governor, Charles 
 Bourchicr, and to our Council aforenamed, or the major p-rt of them (the whole Council beino- 
 duly fummoned) full power aid authority, horn tim» to time, to rule and govern all and every 
 our faiStors and fervants under the laid prclidency, and all the foldiers and inhabitants of our faiJ 
 Fort Saint George and city of Madrafpatnam and clfevvhere, within the places aibrefaid, to ad- 
 minifter lawful oaths as cccafion fiiall require, and to do and p;rform all fuch other acts and 
 things, and to ufe and exercife all fuch other powers and authorities as the faid Prefident and 
 Governor and his Council, in their feveral and refpe£tive places, where the iaid United Compatiy 
 have, or fhail have factories, or any places of trade, arc authorizsJ to do, accordi ig to fuch in- 
 ftructions and directions as he the laid Ch.irles Bourchicr our Prelident and Governoi and Coiuicil 
 aforefaid, fliall from time to time receive, under the hands of thirteen or more of the Court of 
 Directors of the faid United Company for the time being: And we the faid united Company do 
 hereby order and require all our factors, fervants, ofticers, and foldiers, within the limits of the 
 faid prefidcncy, and all the people and inhabitants of our faid Fort Saint George, and city of Ma- 
 drafpatnam, or any other our forts, places, or colonies, within the faid prefidency, to conform, 
 fubmit, and yield due obedience u'lto the faid Charles Bourchicr, our PrefiJent and Governor, 
 and his Council accordingly : And foralniuch as it is altogether neccfTary, that in cafe of the 
 death or removal of the faid Charles Bourchier, our prefidency (h )u'd be provided for the defence 
 and government thereof ; we do therefore by thefe prefcnts ordain and appoint, that in fuch 
 cafe, the faid Jofias Du Pre fliall immediately be, and fucceed in the place and chartre of Pre- 
 fident and Governor of Fort Saint George aforefaid ; and in cafe of his death or removal, the 
 next civil fervant in degree of Council below the faid Julias Du Pre do fucce>"d in the faid pre- 
 fidency and government, in as full and ample manner, and with as large and ample power, pri- 
 vileges, and authorities, as are hereby granted unto the (aid Charles Bourchier, until our further 
 pleafure be knov/n therein ; and we do hereby revoke, repeal, annul, and make void, every for- 
 mer commifTion or commifTions, given and granted by us, whereby any other perfon or perfons 
 was and were conftituted and ordained Prefident and Governor, and any other perfjns therein 
 named were conftituied and ordained to be of the Council at Fort Saint George aforefaid. In 
 witnefs whereof, we the faid United Company have caufcd our common feal to be affixed to 
 thefe prefcnts, the twelfth d^y of January, in the eighth year of the reign of his mod excellent 
 Majefty George the third, by the grace of God, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, Kino-, 
 'defender of the faith, and fo forth, and in the year of our Lord One thoufand feven hundred and 
 fixty eight. 
 
 (L. S.J 
 Signed by order of the Court of Direflors of the faid United Company. 
 
 Rob'. James, Secretary. 
 
 thel 
 
 in the order and in the manner before defcribed and diictStcd ; and you will receive an attelted 
 copy thereof by the fhip Dutton. 
 
 7"he United Company of merchants of England, trading to the E.ifl: Indies : To all to 
 whom thefe prefcnts fhall come, fend greeting. Know ye, that the faid U.iited Compiny, re- 
 pofing efpecial truft and confidence in the fidelity, prudence, juftice, and circumfpeiition, of 
 Jofias Du Pre, Efquire, have made, conflitutcd, and ordained, and by thefe prcfents do make, 
 conftitute, and ordain, the faid Jofiis Du Pre upon and from the laft day cf January which (hall 
 be in the year of our Lord One thoufand leveii hundred and fevcniy, to be Prefident and Go- 
 vernor of, and for, all our affairs on the coafts of Choroinandcl and (^rixa, and of the Chingee 
 and Moratta ctiuntries ; and alfo to be our commander in chief of our I'ort Saint George and 
 town of Madrafpatnam, and all the territories thereunto belonging, and of all and fingular the 
 forts, faflories, and fettlements, territories, countries, and jurifdidions thereof, and of all the 
 
 R forces
 
 i 66 ) 
 
 forces which now are, or hereafter may or fliall be, employed for the fervicc of the faid UniteJ 
 Company, in the fjid forts, to.vn3, and places ; and to execute all and every the powers and au- 
 thorities thereunto appertaining, by order and direction of the Court of Directors of the faid 
 United Company for the time being, and to contin'ie in the exerciie of the fame during our and 
 their pleafure, and until the contrary thereof fliall be fignified under the feal of the faid United 
 Company of merchants of Encjland trading to the Eaft Indies, or under the hands of thirteen or 
 more of the Court of Directors of the uid Company, for the time being : And to the end that: 
 he the faid Jofias Du Pre may be better enabled to order and manage all the affairs of us the faid 
 Company ; we do, by thefe prefents conftitute and ordain Warren Haftings, Efquire, to be fe- 
 cond of our Council of Fort Saint George, next after our faid Prefident Jofias Du Pre, Mr. Joha 
 Call to be third of our faid Council, Mr. Alexander Vv'ynch to be fourth, Mr. John Andrews to 
 be fifth Mr. Samuel Ardley to be fixth, Mr. John Smith to be fcventh, Mr. John Lewin Smith 
 to be eighth, Mr. George Stratton to be ninth, Air. George Diwl'on to be tenth, Mr. James 
 Bourchier to be eleventh, Mr. Henry Brooke to be twelfth, Rlr. Richard Bii.kenden to be thir- 
 teenth, Mr. John V/hitchill to be fourteenth, Mr. George Dolben to be fifteenth, and Mr. 
 Geor2;e Mackay to be fixteenth, and laft, of our faid Cjuncii of Fort Saint George, and not at 
 any tune to riie to a higher rank therein, for gover '.mg and managing all the faiJ Company's 
 affairs unon the coafts of Choromandel and Orixa, and the Chingee and Moratta countrie.-, and 
 "overniiig the faid Fort Saint George and city of MaJrafpatnam, and ail other our forts, facto- 
 ries, and fettlements, within any of the faio territories : And we do hereby give anJ grant unto 
 our faid Prefident and Governor Jolus du Pre, and to our Council afore-named, or the major 
 part of them (the whole Council being duly fummoned) full power and authority, from time to 
 time, to rule and govern all and every our factors and fervants under the faid prefidency, and all 
 the foldiers and inhabitants of our laid Fort Saint George and city c>f Madrafpatnam, and elfe- 
 where within the pLces aforefaid, to adminifter lawful oaths as occafion fh^ll lequire, and to do 
 and perform all fuch other atts and things, and to ufe and exercile all luch other powers and 
 authorities, as the faid Prefident and Governor, and his Council in their fevcral and refpedive 
 places where the faid United Company have, or ftiall have, factor?, or any places of trade, are 
 authorized to do, according to fuch inftruiTlions and directions, ai he the faid Jofias du Pre, our 
 Prefident and Governor, and Council aforefaid, fliall from time to time receive under the hands 
 of thirteen or more of the Court of Diredtors of the faid United Company for the time being : And 
 we the faid United Company do hereby order and require all our factors, fervants, ofHcers, 
 and foldier?, within the limits of the foid prefidency, and all the people and inhabitants of our 
 faid Fort Saint George and city of Madrafpatnam, or any other our forts, places, or colonies, 
 within the faid prefidency, to conform, fubmit, and yield due obedience unto the faid Jofias Dii 
 Pre, our Prefident and Governor, and his Council accordingly : And forafmuch as it is altogether 
 necefiary, that in cafe of the death or removal of the faid Jofias Du Pre, our prefidency fhould 
 be provided for the defence and government thereof; we do therefore by thefe prefents ordain 
 and appoint, that In fuch cafe the faid Warren Haftings (hall immediately be and fucceed in the 
 place and charge of Prefident and Governor of Fort Saint George aforefaid ; and in cafe of his 
 death or removal, the next civil fervant in degree of Council below the faid Warren Haftings do 
 fucceed in the faid prefidency and government in as full and ample manner, and with as large 
 and ample power, pri'-ileges, and authorities, as are hereby granted unto the faid Jofias du Pre, 
 until our further pleafure be known therein : And we do hereby revoke, repeal, annul, and 
 make void, every former commiflion or c^mmiffions, given and granted by us, whereby any 
 other perfon or perfons was and were conffituted and ordained Prefident and Governor, and any 
 other perfons therein named were confti:uted and ordained to be of the Council at Fort Saint 
 George aforefaid. In witnefs whereof, we the faid United Coirpany have caufed our common 
 feal to be affixed to thefe prefents, the feventeenth day of March, in the Ninth year of the reign 
 of his mofi: excellent Majefliy George the Third, by the grace of God of Great-Britain, France, 
 and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and fo forth, and in the year of our Lord One 
 thoufaiid feven hundred and fixty-nine. 
 
 (L. S.) 
 Signed by Order of the Court of Diredtors of the faid United Company. 
 
 P. Michel), Secretary. 
 
 Extract of the Company's letter to Fort Saint George, dated the 17th March 1769. 
 Mr. Bourchier being diredled to refign the government on the 3ifl: January 1770, and Jofias 
 Du Pre, Ekiuirc, being appointed by the 1 6th paragraph of our letter of the I2th January 1768, 
 to fucceed as Prefident and Governor of Fort Saint George, he is on the faid 3ifl day of January 
 1770 to take upon himfelf the adminiflration thereof accordingly; and weexpefl, from his zeal 
 and abilities in the difcharge of the duties of that important ftation, he will merit this fignal 
 mark of our favour. 
 
 And we further order and direct, that our Council at Fort Saint George do confifl of the fol- 
 lowing gentlemen, viz. 
 
 Jofias Du Pre, Efquire, Prefident and Governor. 
 
 Mr. Warren Haftings — To be fecond in Council, and .'ucceed to the government, in cafe 
 of a vacancy by the deceafe or otherwilc of Mr. Du Pre.
 
 Mr. John Call, Third. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Wynch, Fourth. 
 
 Mr. Jf^hn Andrews, Fifth. 
 
 Mr. .';amuel Ardley, Sixth. 
 
 Mr. John t-mith. Seventh. 
 
 Mr. John Lewin Smith, Eighth. 
 
 Mr. George Stratton, Ninth. 
 
 Mr. George Dawfon, Tenth. 
 
 Mr. J-rnea Bourchier, Eleventh. 
 
 Mr. Henrv Brooke, Twelfth. 
 
 Mr. Richani Brickenden, Thirteenth. 
 
 Mr. John Whitthill, Fourteenth. 
 
 Mr. George Dolben, Fifteenth. 
 
 Mt. Georjje A'lackay, Sixteenth, and lad of Council ; and at ho time to rife to an 
 higher rank therein than laft. 
 And we inclofe a commiffion accordnigly, under the Company's feal, in the Packet, by the (hip 
 Duke of Grafton, and an attcfted copy thereof will be forwarded in the Duke of Kingfton. 
 
 To the honourable Charles Bourchier, Efquirc, Prefidcnt and Governor of Fort Saint George, 
 Julias iJu Pre, Efquire, Warren Haftmgs, Efquirc, Brigadier General Jofeph Sniitii, and 
 Alexander VVyncii, Efquire. 
 
 1. The tenor of our Icrters to the feparate department fince the negociations were cOmmenceil 
 with N zam .Ally for the Circars, will explain to you the fenle we have entertained of the devi- 
 ations that have been made from our former, more contracted, but, as we truft, more perma- 
 nent, fyftem, of conlining our influence and poffcffions within the boundaries of theCarnatic; 
 it is to retreat back within thofe limits, and for other purpofes, which we fliall hereafter ex- 
 prefs that we hereby appoint you a feletSt committee, and entruft to your difcretion and abilitief , 
 the condudl of our political affairs. 
 
 2. The prefervaiion of our prefent influence, in the Bengal provinces, is the great object of 
 our attention ; all political connections in the relt of India, are only important, as they may ;.ftect 
 us there. 
 
 3. Every acceflion of influence, or pofTeflion elfewhere, which, by dividing our troop?, may 
 prevent the exenion of our whole force, in cafe we (iiouid be attacked in that quarter, is ha- 
 zarding a fubitance for a fliadow ; and on this principle we fliail never think Bengal fecuie 
 while there is an Englifli Hildier in the lUyfore country. We efteem your coaft only as a 
 ba.'rier to our Bengal poirciTions ; and the depreffion of the French power in the Carnatic, and 
 their exclufion from the Circars, are the two objects to which all your politics (houid 
 tend. 
 
 4. Judge then our anxiety at feeing a fyftein adopted fo repugnant to our views as that of 
 fupporting Mahomed Ally in the Mylore country. We repeat we fliall not think ourfelves fe- 
 cure while wc have a foldier or Sepoy in that country, nor till we fee it given to fome power 
 who may prefcrve it as a barrier agjinlt the iMorattas, and who may be an ufeful ally fhould we 
 ever have occafion to call in the afliftance of a country power: Thefe are our views; but not 
 being able to form even a probable conjecSlure of what may happen from the time of your laft ad- 
 vices to the time that this (hall reach your hands, it is impoffible for us to fay, how our views are 
 to be accomplifh'd ; we truft entirely to your judgrnient, fo to conduct thefe delicate affairs as 
 Ihall the leafi expofe us to the imputation of violated faith. 
 
 5. Were Mah'jmed Ally only to be managed, the condu6t of the R.ijah of Tanjore leaves 
 an opening to fatisfy him at his expence, in the manner we (hall point out in the lubi'equent 
 part of this letter ; but you may pofiibly find yourfelves embarra/Tcd with various engagements 
 entered into with the Morattas, or with the difpoflefled Princes of tiiofc countries which have 
 been conquered by Hyder Ally, or with any other country powers, with wlioni the tafk may be 
 more difficult, and for which We Cifn give no pofuivc dir'-ctions. — ^Vhcnever the great purpofc 
 of retiring again within the 'boundaries of the Carnatic (having fiift fetured a proper barrier) 
 is obtained, the dtrence thereof, Urii the redu(ition of the vaft forces now kept up by the Com- 
 pany andtlie Nabob, ,inufl be ftrifilly attended to; but firfl it will be nctcirary to expl.'.in our- 
 felves with refp(e<;t to t!he Rajah of Tanjore. 
 
 6. We have c:,;prc!r-d our'ibnfe of the Rajah of Tanjore's conJuiS in our letter to the fepa- 
 rate department. In: have' fcfsrvedour intentions with refpcCt to that Rajah, to be executed by 
 you. ' 
 
 7. It appears iliofl unreaffonable to us, that the Rajah of Tanjore fliould hold pnfllflion of the 
 moft fruitful part ot the country, which can alone fupply our armies with ful)liltence, and not 
 contribute to the defence of the Carnatic. — We obfcrvc the Nabob makes very earneft rc|)re- 
 fcntati"ns to you on this fubjciSl in his letter, entered in the hook of country correfponJence, 
 wherein he takci notice (hat tiie Zemindars of the Carnatic have been fupp jned, and their coun- 
 tries preferved to them, by the operations of our forces employed in his caufe, and that nothing 
 was more notorious than ih.U tliree former Princes of the Carnatic had received tVom the Tan- 
 jore Rajah 70, 80, nay even 100 lacks ot rupeesat a time ; that to the preceding Nizam he li.iJ 
 paid a contribution of 50 lacks, and the prefent, if he had met with fucccfs againfl our arm)-, 
 
 would
 
 ( 68 ) 
 
 would not have been content with lefs than a crore of rupees from this Rajah : How jufi docs it 
 then appear that he (hould be made to bear i'ome part of the expence of thefe nieafures, to which 
 he owes his fecuritv, and the peace of his country. — We therefore enjoin you to give the Nabob 
 fuch fupportin his prctenfions on the Rajah of Tanjore, as may be effectual j and if the Rajah 
 refufes to contribute a juft proportion to the expence of the war, you are then to purfue fuch 
 nieafures as the Nabob may thinlc confiiknt with thejuftice and dignity of his government. 
 
 8. Whatever futns may in confequence of the above orders be obtained from the Rajah of 
 Tanjore, we txpei5i (hall be applied to the difcharg;e of the Nabob's debt to the Company j and 
 if moiethan fufficicnt for that purpofc, to the difcharge of his debt to individuals. 
 
 o. Ill our letter to the feparate department, under this date, we have teftified our great fur- 
 prize ac the reports that are circulated bv the amount ct the Nabob's debt to individuals, being 
 more than 20 lacks of pagodas, and that the Governor and Council ad as truflecs for the recovery 
 of the fame, and as fuch are in polTclTion of the collection of the revenues ot great part of the 
 
 Carnatic. 
 
 10. Ignorant as we are of the rife of this debt, and the truth of thefe reports, we cannot but 
 be fufpicious that the in'.ercft of the Company is n ucn wronged thereby. 
 
 11. We are alarmed led this debt to inJividuals (hould hive been the real motive for the 
 aggrandizement of Mahomed Ally, and that we a e p-uiigcd into a war, to put him in p.^fTcflion 
 of'the Myfore revernies, for the difchaige of the debi.-^Nor are we without apprehenfions that 
 the revenues collected by the Nabob i;i the Carnaiic. and the new conquefts, may be applied to 
 the difcharge of this debt, iii(tead of beir.o applied to the f;ppi>rt of the war. 
 
 12. If the report of the tiuft vcited ui ;he Governor and Council is true, we cannot confider 
 it in any other light than a total inveifion of the nature of our fervice. — It is avowing private in- 
 tercft diametricailv oppofite to the Company's, and in a cale whcie thc-y muff contmually come 
 in competitioi: — charged on our part with the recovery of a debt due from the Nabob, for fup- 
 portinc him in a war during almolt twenty years, .how can our fervants, confident with their 
 duty and fidelity, negkdt the difcharge of fo great a public truft, or fufFer any intereft of their own 
 to come in competition with it ; or how can they dare to employ the forces, influence, and au- 
 thority of liie Company, in colledlng the revenues of the Nabob, mortgaged to themfelves ? — 
 The honour and dignity of the Company is fo materially affcdted by thole proceedings, that wc 
 expedl you to imprefs our fervants with the due fenfe of the dilfindion, v.hich arifes between 
 private and public interelt, fo diametrically oppofite in this inftance, and how incompatible their 
 condud is with the character of faithful fervants to the Company; and therefore the fir(t ftep 
 you are to take is to demand from them a renunciation of all the power and authority given them 
 by the Nabob, for the colledion of any part of his revenue, for his debts to individuals ; for we 
 cannot fuffer the idea of fuch a right to be entertained, either by the Nabob, or by our fervants, 
 in exclufion of ourfelves. 
 
 13. Having done this, you are then to demand from the Nabob, an account of all his debts 
 to the fervants of the Company or inhabitants, arifing under our protedion. — You are to examine 
 them feparately, and fee that they are charged with no higher interelt than after the rate of 10 per 
 cent, from the day of the receipt of our orders on that fubjed, under date of the 17th May 1766, 
 Par^ 33. 
 
 14. Having adjuftcd thefe accounts, you are to let the Nabob know, his (irft obligation is to 
 difch^rwe his debt due to the Company. You are therefore to offer him your affiftance, and if 
 neccffiry, even infill in the (trongeft manner on his entering into the detail of his revenues, and 
 to point out to you what further reiburces he has for the difcharge of his debts, and to make the 
 liquidation thereof a matter of public di(c:uffion between you and him, and give the fandion of 
 the Company's authority to the nieafures to be taken for the difcharge of his debt to individuals, 
 without which he can never be a ufeful ally. 
 
 15. You are to be very minute in reprefenting to us whatever can give any light into the 
 rife and progrefs of this uncommon debt, and the meafures you adopt for procuring the difcharge 
 of it. 
 
 16. We have exprefTed our fentiments in our letter to the feparate department on the great and 
 almoft unnecefFary force kept up by the Nabob, but we rely on you for purfuing the proper mea- 
 fures to enforce the redudion of them to a number more fuitable to the (late of the Nabob's finan- 
 ces : When we permitted an increafe of the Sepoy eftablifhmcnt in 1765, it was with a view to 
 reduce the numbers of his undifciplined rabble, inflead of which they have been encreafing to a 
 degree as would almoll incline us to think he meant in future to rely on them for the defence of 
 the Carnatic ; the folly of this muft be ftrongly reprefented to him, and you mud inculcate to him 
 that he cannot ftrengthen himfelf by any mode fo effedual as the re-e(tabli(hing his finances. 
 Remind him of the long war we have fuftained in the defence of the Carnatic ; that the time 
 may come when fuch another effort may be required againft the fame powerful enemy ; that he 
 is always to bep.r this in his mind as a poflible event, and be preparing againft it; and that no 
 preparation will be fo effedual as a full trealury ; and till that is accomphfhed, he mull confine 
 all his ambition to the putting the Carnatic into a proper (late of defence, by keeping up the for- 
 tifications, and having his magazines well ftored. 
 
 17. Our letter to the feparate department by this confequence will fufficiently explain to you 
 our fentiments with refpcit to the mode adopted of late years, for contrading for fupplies to the 
 army ; and you are therelore hereby moft pofitively ordered to examine and corrcd all abufes 
 
 that
 
 ( 69 ) 
 
 that may appear to you to have been committed in this refpecl, and revert to our former orders 
 on this lubje<fl. 
 
 lii. Tnere is nothing which affeas the welfare of the Company more than an impartial adnri- 
 mltracion oi ju(tic; towurJ> their iL-rvants ; and we find ourfelves extremely perplexed what opi 
 inon to form on the ceniures paflcd by the Governor and Council againft Meffis. Dowfett and 
 Cumincr, on account of the doubts that arife from the charader of V^eerago, the principal evi- 
 dence, and the contiadctions in the fcveral evidences, but more c'pecially from that "-iven in 
 upon c-,ia by Cund .pah relative to Mr. Dowfett, fubfequent to the decifion of the Goverlior and 
 Council on the caie^ of Mcffrs. Dowfat and Cummg, and which evidence of Cundapan vviil 
 veiy materially affecl that given agumft them.— Fhis has induced us to fufpend our jud'n-ment ; 
 and v.e reier it t. ^ our dccilion, and recommend it to j'ou, to go attentively through theMormer 
 trial, to ronfider the weight aue to the evidence given by Cundapah, and any new li^rlus that may 
 fmce be received it Narloo is found ; and fhould thty be found guilty of the charge laid againft 
 them, our order is, that they be diiiniilcd our fervice, and fent home by the firft' conveyance ; 
 and on the other hand, (houid you deem them worthy of being reftorcj, we impower you fo 
 to do, and to let their falary and allowances from the Company be continued to them from the 
 time they were withheld.— However, whether they arc rellored or not, you are to lee that thefe- 
 veral fumsare refunded, which the Company have been defrauded of, by the carryin" on of the 
 works at Cuddalore during the time that MelTrs. Dowfett and Cuming were paymiille'rs there.-r 
 And if in the courfe of your inveftigating theie affairs, it may appear to you that any of the 
 natives have been guilty of traudulent practices, you are to withdraw our protection from thoic 
 who arc fo unworthy of it, and banifh them from our bounds. 
 London, the 17th Mai ch 1769. We are your loving friends, 
 
 Charles Chambers, H Crabb Boulton, 
 
 Ja. Cockburn, (J. Colebrooke, 
 
 Jn" Woodhoufe, J. Purling, 
 
 Ben. Booth, Frt*= I'lgou, 
 
 J. Crefwicke, t. H. CTuttcnden, 
 
 Peter Du Cane, Junior, W™ James, 
 - William Snell, Daniel Wier, 
 
 John Harrifon, Kdw" Wheler, 
 
 Luke Scrafton, J. Hurlock, 
 
 Rob. Jones, J. Pardoe. 
 
 The United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eafllndie?, 
 To all to whom ihele prefents (hall come, fend greetintr. 
 Know ye. That we the faid United Company, repofing efpecial truft and confidence in the 
 ■fidelity, prudence, juftice, and circumfpection, of Roger Drake, Junior, Efquiie, have made 
 conftituted, and ordained, and by thefe prefents do make, coiiftitute, and ordain, the faid Roger 
 Drake, to be Frefident and Governor, of and for all the faid Company's affairs in the Bay of 
 Bengal, and other the places and provinces thereunto belonging in the Eaft Indies ; and alio to 
 be our Governor and Commander in chief of our Fort William, in the Bay of Bengal, and all 
 the Towns and territories thereunto belonging, and of all and fingular the forts, fudories and 
 fettlcmcnts, territories, countries, and jurifdictions thereof, and of all the forces which now are 
 or hereafter may or fnall be, employed for the fervice of the faid United Company, in the faid 
 forts, towns, and places, and to execute all and every the powers and authorities there- 
 unto appertaining, by order and direction of the Court of Directors of the faid United Company 
 for the time being, and to continue in the exercife of the fame during our and their pleaiure 
 and until the contrary thereof fliall be lignified under the leal of the laid United Company of 
 Merchants of England, trading to the Eaft-Indies, or under the hanJj of thirteen 01 mireof the 
 Court of Diredlors of the faid Company for the time being: And, to the end the faid Rotrer 
 Drake may be better enabled to order and manage all the affairs of us the faid United Companv 
 we do by thefe prefents conftitute and ordain William Watts, Efquire, to be fecond of our 
 Council of Fort William, next after our faid Prefident Roger Drake, Major James Klpatrick 
 to be and continue third of our faid Council-, and not to rife to a fupcrior rank thereiri, Mr. 
 Charles Manningham to be fourth, Mr. Richard Beecher to be fifth, Mr. Paul Richard Parkes 
 tobefixth, Mr. William Frankland to be f<:venth, Mr. Matthew Collet to be eighth, Mr. John 
 Zephaniah Holwell to be ninth, Mr. William Mackett to be tenth, Mr Edward Eyre to be ele- 
 venth, and Mr. Nicholas Clerembault, to be twelfth, and laft, of the faid Council of Fort Wil- 
 liam, for governing and managing all the faid Company's affairs in Bengal, and the places and 
 provinces thereunto belonging as aforefaid : And we do hereby give and grant unto our f.iiJ Prefi- 
 dent and Governor, Roger Drake, Efquire, and to our Council aforenamed, or the m.ijor part 
 of thpm (the whole Council being duly lummoned) full power and authority, tiom time to time 
 to rule and govern all and every our factors and fervants under the faid iirciidency, and all the 
 foidiers and inhabitants of our faid Fort William, and all the towns and territories thereunto be- 
 longing, toadminifter lawful oaths as occafion (hall require, and to do and perform all fuch other 
 adts and things, and to ufe and exercife all fuch other powers and authorities, as the faid Prefident 
 iind Governor, and his Council, in their fcveral and refpcdive pl.ice< where the faid United Com- 
 pany have, or fliall have, factors or any places of trade, arc .nuthori/.cd to do, accordiiiL' to fuch 
 inftruiSions ind directions as the faid Roger Drake, our Prefident and Governor, and^^Council 
 
 S aforefaid
 
 a 
 
 ( 70 ) 
 aforefaid, fliall from time to time receive under the hands of thirteen or more of the Court of Di- 
 rcd^ors of the faid United Company for the time being : And we the faid United Company do 
 hereby order and require all our factors, fervants, officers, and fokliera, within the limits of the 
 faid prefidency, and all the people and inhabitants of the faid fort William, and all the towns and 
 territoiies thereunto belonging, to conform, fubmit, and yield due obedience unto him the faid 
 ]Ro"er Drake, our Frefident and Governor, and his Council, accordingly. — And forafmuch as it 
 is aftoeether necefl'ary, that in caic of the death or removal of the faid Roger Drake, our prefi- 
 dency fnould be provided for the defence and goveirnent thereof; we do therefore by thefe 
 prefents, ordain and appoint, that in fuch cafe the faid William Watts, Efquire, fhall imme- 
 diately be andfijcceed in the place and charge of Prefident and Governor of Fort William aforefaid; 
 and in cafe of his death or removal, the next in degree of council below the faid Major James 
 Kilpatrick (hall fucceed in the faid prefid^-icy and government, in as full and ample maimer, and 
 with as larireand ample powers, privile;res, and authorities, as aie hereby gran ed unto the faid 
 Roger Drake, until our further pleafure be know.i therein : And we do hereby revoke, repeal, 
 ann'ul, and make void, every former commilfi. n and c mmiifions, given and granted by us, 
 whereby any other perfon or perfons was and were conllituted and ordained Prefident and Go- 
 vernor and any other perfon'i therein named were conllituted and ordained, to be ot the Council 
 at Fort William aforefaid. In witnef whereof, we the fuid United Company have caufcd our 
 common feal to be affixed to thefe prcfirnts, the eleventh day of February, in the Twenty-ninth 
 year of the reign of his moft excellent Majelty George the Second, by tne grace of God, King 
 of Gre.u-Britam, France, and Ireland, De:eiider of the Faith, and fo forth, and in the year of 
 our Lord One thoufand feven hundred and fifty-fix. 
 
 (L.S.) 
 Sic^ned by order of the Court of Diredtors of the faid United Company. 
 ° Rob'. James, Secretary. 
 
 Extract of the Company's general letter to Bengal, dated the nth February 1756. J 
 
 You will receive by the (hip Chelterfield, a commiffion under the feal of the Company, 
 whereby the undernamed perfons arc conllituted and appointed to prefide over and manage all 
 the Company's affairs at Fort William in Bengal, and all the feveral dependencies thereunto be- 
 longing ; viz. r . ^ ' 
 Rocjer Drake, Efquire, Prefident and Governor. ■. 
 Wi^liamWatts, Efquire, Second of Council, and to fucceed as Prefident and Go- J 
 vernor, in cafe of the death or removal of Mr. Drake. I 
 James Kilpatrick, Efquire, as Major and third of Council, and to remain fo without 
 
 rifing to a fuperior rank therein, 
 Mr. Charles Manningham, Fouith in Council. 
 Mr. Richard Becher, Fifth. 
 
 Mr. Paul Richard Pearkes, Sixth. l 
 
 Mr William Frankland, Seventh, » 
 
 Mr. Matthew Collet, Eighth. \ 
 
 Mr. John Zephaniah Holwell, Ninth. 
 Mr. William Mackett, Tenth. 
 
 Mr. Edward Eyre, Eleventh. 
 
 Mr. Nicholas Clerembault, Twelfth. 
 Memorandum: The reft of the commiirions and inftruflions, relating to the prefidency of 
 Fort William, will appear by the following letters, which are entered in the books of letters 
 to that prefidency, now before the Committee. 
 General letter 3d Auguft 1757— Par" 5 and 7, 
 iithNovem' — — 46. 
 8th March 1768 — 4 and 6. 
 a3d D° — — I. 
 nth April — — I. 
 13th March 1761 — ■ 65. 
 9th Feb'y 1764. 
 9th May — — 28. 
 
 iftjune — — 19. 67. 68. 69. 
 17th May 1 7 66 — 40. 
 I2th Jan^)' 1768 — 7. 9. 10. 
 i5thSeptem' 1769 — 3. 
 The United Company of merchants of England, trading to the Eaft Indies : To all te whom 
 thefe prefents (hall come, fend greeting. Know ye, that we, the faid United Company, re- 
 pofing efpecial truft and confidence in the fidelity, prudence, jufticc, and circumfpedion, of 
 Charles Crommelin, Efquire, have made, ccnftituted, and ordained, and by thefe prefents do 
 make, conftitute, and ordain, the faid Charles Crommelin, Efquire, upon, and from the laft 
 day of February, which (hall be in the year of our Lord One thoufand (even hundred and fixty, 
 lobe Prefident, of and for all our afi^airs at Bombay, and in Surat, Cambay, and Peifia, and at 
 Tellicherry, Anjengo, and all our fettlements on the Malabar coalt, and elfewhere in the Eaft 
 Indies, under the dire£tion of the late Prefident and Council ; and alio to be our commander in 
 chief and Governor of our caftlc and ifland of Bombay, and of the feveral forts thereon, and of 
 
 our
 
 ( 7' ) 
 Our forts of Tellicherry and Anjcngo, and of all and fingular other the forts, territoriejj and iurif- 
 diclions belonging thereunto, and of all the forces whkh now are, or hereafter mav or fliail be 
 employed for the fervice ot the faid United Company in the faid forts, towns, and places or 
 fent ftom thence by land or fea, and to execute all and every the powers and authorities thereunto 
 appc'taii ing, by order and direction of the Court of DirciStors of the faid United Company for the 
 time bcmg, and to continue in the exercife of the fame during our and their pleafurc, and unt I 
 the concr^ry thereof fhall be fignified under the feaf of the (aid United Company, or inider the 
 iiands or th.fteen or more of the Court of Direciors of the faid Company (or the time btino- • 
 And, to tf^e end the faid Charles Cromnielin may be- better enabled to order and mana'^e all the 
 att'dirsof the faid Company, we do by thL-fe preffnts conftitutc and ordain Mr. George' Scott to 
 be lecond c.t f)ur Council of Bombay, next after our faid Prefident Charles Crommelin • Mv 
 Th. mas Byfield, third ; Mr. Thomas Hodges, fourth ; Mr. Alexander Douglaii--, fifth •' Mr' 
 Brab..zon L'.\\i, fixth ; iMr. William Hornby, feventh ; Mr. William Andrew Price, eighth - 
 Mr. John Spencer, ninth; Captain Samuel Hough, tenth; Mr. Thomas Whitehill, eleventh' 
 and Mr. Charles Waters, twelfth, and lalf-, of our faid council of Bombay, for 2;overnins and 
 managir g ot all the faid Company's affairs at Bombay and other the places aforelaiJ, and trovern- 
 ing the faid caille and ifland of Bombay, and all other our forts, faJiories, and lettlements, '^within 
 any the territories aforcfaid : And we do heieby give and grant unto our faid PrcfiJcnt 
 Charles Crommelin, Efquire, and to our Council aforenamed, or the major part of them' 
 whereof our faid Prefident to be always one (the whole Council being duly fummoiicdl full power 
 and authority, from time to time to rule and govern all and every our factors and fervant-: under 
 the faid prefidency, and all the foldiers and inhabitants of our faid catile and ifland of Bonibav 
 and elftwhere within the places aforefaid, to adminifler lawful oaths as occafiou iliail require 
 and to do and perform all fuch other acts and things, and to ufe and exercife all fuch other Dow- 
 ers and auihorities as the faid Prefident and his Council in their fci-eral and refpcftive plac 
 where the faid United Company have, or fhall have factors, or any places of trade, are authorized 
 to do, according to fuch inllrudfions and directions, as they the faid Charles Crommelin ou 
 Prefidentand Council aforefaid, fhall from time to time receive und.r the hands of thirteen or 
 more of the Court of Directors of the faid United Company for the time beins: — And we the f-iid 
 United Company do hereby order and require all our factors, fervants, oSicers, and foIJie'rs 
 within the limits ot the (aid prcfiJency, and all the people and inhabitants of our laid ifland and 
 caftle of Bombay, or any other our forts, places, or colonies, within the faid prefidenc)', to con- 
 form, fubmit, and yield due obedience unto the faid Ctiarles Crommelin our Prefident and Go- 
 vernor and his Council, accordingly : And forafmuch as it is altogether ntccflary, that in cafe of 
 the death or removal of the faid Charles Crommelin, our prefidency fhould be' provided for the 
 defence and government thereof, we do therefore by thefe prefents, ordain and appoint, that in 
 fuch cafe the faid Mr, Thomas Hodges fh.ill immediately he and fucceed in the place a-'d charge 
 of Prefident and Governor of Bombay aforefaid, in as full and ample manner, and with as larce 
 and ample powers and authorities, as are hereby granted unto the faid Charles Crommelin 
 until our, or the Court of Directors for the time being, as aforefaid, their furthc ple<d"ure be 
 known therein. In witnefs whereof we the faid United Company have caufed our common feal 
 to be affixed to thefe prefents, this twenty-firth day of April, in the thirty-fecond year of the 
 ■reign of his moft excellent Majelty George the Second, by the grace of God, Kincr of Great- 
 Britain, France and Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and fo forth ; and in the year of our Lord 
 One thoufiind feven hundred and fiftyiiiiie. 
 
 Signed by Order of the Court of Directors of the faid United Company. 
 
 Rob'. James, Secretary, 
 
 ExtraiS of the general letter to Bombay, dated the 25th April, 1759. 
 We (hall now proceed to regulate and fix your eftablifhment : We accordingly dircift and 
 appoint Charles Crommelin, Efquire, to be Prefident and Governor of our Ifland of Bombay 
 and that he take the chair on the laft day of February 1760, or fooner if Governor Bourchier 
 fhall chufe to refign ; and in cafe of the death or abfcnce of Mr. Cromme.'in, we appoint Tho- 
 mas Hodges, Efquire, to be Governor of Bombay : and on the death or abfence of Mr. Hod>'cs 
 it is our pleafure, that thofc of council next below Mr. Hodges fucceed to the government in turn' 
 as we Oiall rank, them ; all thole in council Handing above Mr. Hodges arc barred from the fuc- 
 ceflion : And wc do hereby appoint tin.- following perfbns to be our Governor and Council for 
 tlie management of our affairs under your prefidency. 
 
 Charles Crommelin, Efquire, Prefident and Governor, to take the chair on the laft day of 
 
 February, 1760, or fboncr if Mr. Bourchier ihouid rUign, 
 
 George Scott, Second of council ; to rife no higher. 
 
 Thomas Byfeld, Third. 
 
 Thomas Hodges, Fourth ; to fucceed as Prefident and Governor, in cafe of 
 
 the death or abfence of .Mr. Crommelin. 
 
 Alexander Douglas, Fifth. 
 
 Brabazon Ellis, Sixth. 
 
 William Hornby, Seventh. 
 
 William Andrew Price, Eighth. 
 
 John Spencer, Ninth. 
 
 Samuel
 
 ( 72 ) 
 
 Samuel Hough, Tenth. 
 
 Thomas Whitehill, Kleventh. 
 
 Charles Waters, Twelfth. . , . , ^ , , ., o ■ rj 
 
 A commiffion, agreeable to this appjiiunient, i. fent in the Packet, by the fhip Harcourt. 
 
 The United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft-Indies. 
 To all to whom thefe jnefents fhull come, lend greeting. 
 
 Know ye that we the faid United Company, repofing efpecial truft and confidence in the fide- 
 lity prudence, iuftice, and circumrpection, of John Spencer, Elquire, have made, co.nftituted, 
 and ordained and by thefe prefents do m.ike, conftitute, and ordain, the faid John Spencer, 
 Efquire upon and from the lall day of January, which ftall be in the year of our Lord One 
 thoufand feven hundred and fixty-leven, to be Prefident of and for all our afiairs at Bombay, 
 and in Sura:, Cambay, and Perfia, and at Tellicherry, Anjengo, and all our fettlements on the 
 Malabar court and elfewhere, in the Eart Indies, now under the direction of Charles Crom- 
 melin, Elquire, Prefident, and the Council ol Bombay aforefaid : and alfo to be our commander 
 in chief and governor of our caitle and llland ol Bombay, and of the feveral forts thereon, and 
 our fort's of Tellicherry and Anjengo, and of all and angular other the forts, territories, and 
 iurifdiaions, belon<»intT thereunto, and of all the forces which now are or hereafter may or (hall 
 be employed for the laid United Company, in the faid forts, towns, and places, or fent from 
 thence by land or fea, and to execute all and every the powers and authorities thereunto apper- 
 taining-, by order and dire^ion of the Court of Diredors of the faid United Company for the 
 time being, and to continue in the faid excrcife of the fame during our and their pleafure, and 
 until the contrary thereof (hall be fignifi d under the feal of the faid United Company, or under 
 the hands of thirteen or more of the Court of Directors of the faid United Company, for the 
 time bein<r : And to the end the faid jjhn Spencer may be better enabled to order and manage 
 all the alf.irs of the faid Company, we do by thele prefents conftitute and ordain Mr. Thomas 
 Byfcld to be fecond of our council of Bombay, next after our faid Prefident John Spencer; 
 Mr. Thomas Horl"-es, third ; Mr. William Hornby, fourth ; Mr. William Andrew Price, fifth ; 
 Mr'. Thomas Whitehill, fixth ; Mr. Charles Waters, feventh ; Mr. Peter Elwin Wrench, eighth ; 
 Mr. Samuel Court, ninth ; Mr. Daniel Draper, tenth ; Mr. James Ryley, eleventh ; Mr. Henry 
 Moore twelfth ; and Mr. Rawfon Hart Boddam, thirteenth, and laft, of our faid council of 
 Bombay, for governing and managing of all the faid company's affairs at Bombay, and other 
 the places afore aid, and governing the faid caftle and ifland of Bombay, and all other our forts, 
 faflories, and fettlement^, within any of the territories aforefaid : And we do hereby give and 
 grant unto our faid Prefident, John Spencer, Efquire, and to our Council aforenamed, or the 
 major part of them, whereof our faid Prefident to be always one (the whole council being duly 
 funimoned) full power and authority, from time to time, to rule and govern all and every our 
 factors and fervants under the laid prcfidency, and all the foldiers and inhabitants of our faid caftle 
 and ifland of Bombay, or elfewhere, or within the places aforefaid, to adminilter lawful oaths, as oc- 
 cafion (hall require, and to do and perform all fuch other atts and things, and to ufe and exercife all 
 fuch other powers and authorities, ss the faid prefident and his council in their feveral and refpectivc 
 places,' where the laid United Company, have, or (hall have, faflors, or any places of trade, are au- 
 thorized to do, according to fuch inftruclions and directions as they the faid John Spencer, Prefident 
 and Council aforefaid, fliall, from time to time, receive, under the hands of thirteen or more of the 
 Court of Directors of the faid United Company for the time being ; and we the faid United Company 
 do hereby order and require all our factors, fervants, ofBcers, and loldiers, within the limits of 
 the faid prelidency, and all the people and inhabitants of our faid ifland and caftle of Bombay, 
 or any other our forts, places, or colonies, within the faid prefidcncy, to conform, fubmit, and 
 viefd due obedience unto the faid John Spencer, our Prefident and Governor, and his Council, 
 accordinclv : And forafmuch as it is altogether necelfary, that in cafe of the death or removal of 
 the faid John Spencer, our prefidency (liould be provided for the defence and government thereof, 
 we do therefore by thefe prefents ordain and appoint, that in fuch cafe the faid Mr. Thomas 
 Hodges (hall immediately be and fucceed in the place and charge of Prefident and Governor of 
 Bombay, and its dependencies aforefaid, in as full and ample manner, and with as large and am- 
 ple pow-e'rs and authorities, as are hereby granted unto the faid John Spencer, until our or the 
 Court of Diredlors for the time being as aforefaid, their further pleafure be known therein. In 
 witnefs whereof we the faid United Company have caufed our common feal to be affixed to thefe 
 prefents, this twelfth day of March, in the fixth year of the reign of his moft excellent Majelty 
 George 'the third, by the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, defender 
 ef the faith, and fo forth, and in the year of our Lord One thoufand feven hundred and fixty fix. 
 
 (L. S.J 
 
 Sit'ned by Order of the Court of Directors of the faid United Company. 
 ° Rob". James, Secretary. 
 
 Extra£t of the General Letter to 'Bombay, dated the 12th March 1766. 
 
 Havin» ordered and direded Mr. Crommelin to refign the government on the 31ft of January 
 
 i-'bT, Nfr. John Spencer being appointed by our letters of the i(t June 1764, ard the 22d 
 
 March 1765, to fucceed thereto, he is accordingly, on the faid 3i(t day of January 1767, to 
 
 take charge of the government as Prefident and Governor of Bombay ; and wc hope he will, by 
 
 his
 
 ( li ) 
 
 his fidelity, diligence, ftiicl obfervance of our orders, and conflant application in the faid ftation 
 re idcr himfelf worthy of this fignal mark of our favour. ' 
 
 And we do hereby order and dircft, that our Council at Bombay do confift of the followin? 
 pcrlbns ; viz. -> 
 
 Joiin Spencer, Efquire, Prefident and Governor. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Bytcld, Second. 
 
 Mr. Tnomas Hodges, Third. 
 
 Mr. William Hornby, Fourth. 
 
 Mr. VViiiiini Andrew Price, Fif(h. 
 
 Mr. Thomas VVhitehill, Sixth, 
 
 Mr. Cnarles\Vaters, Seventh. 
 
 Mr. Peter ElwinWiench, Eighth. 
 
 ^■Ir. Samuel Court, Ninth. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Draper, Tenth. 
 
 Mr. Jume? Kyley, Eleventh. 
 
 Mr. Henry Aloorc, Twelfth 
 
 Mr. Rawlun Hart B .ddam, Thirteenth. 
 We accordingly fend, by the {hip Nottingham, a comniiflion under the Company's feai, con- 
 firming the laid appointment. 
 
 The United Company of Merchants of England tradinjrto the Eafl-Indies.- 
 To all, to whom thefe prefents fhail come, icnd greeting;. 
 Know ye. That the faid United Company, repofmg eipecial cru!i and confidence in the fidelity, 
 prudence, jufticc, and circumfpeiSlion, of Thomas Hodges, Efquire, have made, conftituted" and 
 ordained, and by thefe prefents do make, conftitute, a.'id ordain, the faid Thomas Hodces to be 
 Prefident of and for all our :ffairs at Bombay, and in Surat, Cambay, and Perfia, and "at Telli- 
 cherry, Anjengo, and all our fettlements on the Malabar coaft, and elfevvhere, in the Eaft Indies 
 under the diredion of the late Prefident and Council ; and alfo to be our commander in chief' 
 and Governor of our caftle and ifland of Bombay, and of the feveral forts thereon, and of our 
 forts of Tellicherry and Anjengn, and of all and fingular other the forts, territories, and jnrif- 
 dicfions, belonging thereunto, and of all the forces which now are, or hereafter mav or fhall be 
 employed, for the fervice of the faid United Company, in the Aid forts, towns, and places, or 
 fent from thence by land or fea, and to execute all and every the powers and authorities thereunto 
 appertaining, by order and dirtftion of the Court of Diredors of the (aid United Company for 
 the time being, and to continue in the exercife of the fame, during our and their pleafure, and 
 until the contrary thereof fhall be fignified under the feal of the faid United Ctmpany of Mer- 
 chants of England, tradin_g to the Eatl- Indies, or under the hands of thirteen or more of the 
 Court of Direclors of the faid Company for the time being : And to the end that the aid Thomas 
 Hodges, may be better enabled to o:der and manage all the affairs of the faid Company, we do 
 by thefe prefents conftitute and ordain Mr. Wjljiam Hornby to be fecond of our Council of 
 Bombay, next after our faid Prefident Thomas Hodges, Mr. William Andrew Price to be 
 third, Mr. Thomas VVhitehill to be fourth, Mr. Peter Elwin Wrench to be fifih, Mr. Samuel 
 Court tobefixth, Mr. D.'.niel Draper to be feventh, Mr. James Ryiey to be eighth, Mr. Henry 
 Moore to be ninth, Mr. Rawfon Hart Boddam to be tenth, Mr. Benjamin Jarvis to' be eleventh 
 Mr. Thomas Moftyn to be twelfth, and Mr. Nathaniel Stackhoufe to be rhirteeinh and laff of 
 our faid Council of Bcmbay, for goverhing and managing all the faid company's affairs at Bom- 
 bay, and other the places aforefaid, and governing the laid caltle and ifland of Bombay, and all 
 other our fort", faiitorief, and fettlements, within any the territories and places aforefaid : And 
 we do hereby give and grant unto our faid Prefident, Thomas Hodges, Efquire, and to our 
 Council aforei\amed, or the major part of them, whereof our laid Prc-fiJent to be always one (the 
 whole Council being duly fum.Tionea) full power and authority from time to time to rule and 
 j^overn all and every our fadors, and fervants, under the faid pfcfidcncy, and all the loldicrs and 
 inhabitants of our faid cadle Hnd ilhnd of Bombay, and elfewhere, wuhin the places afoiefaid 
 to adminiftcr lawful oaths, as occafion fhall require; and to do and perform all fuch other ads 
 alid things, and 'to ufc and exercife all futh othtr pou'ers and authorities, as the faid Pirfident 
 and his Council, in their feveral and rcfpedive places, where the fa:d United Company hue or 
 Hull have fadors, or any places of trade, are authorized to do according to fuch inltrudions and 
 directions, as he the faid Thomas Hodges, our PreliJent and Council, aforefaid, fhall from time 
 to time receive under the hands of thirteen or more of the Cour. of Diredlors of the faid United 
 Company for the time being. ..And we the faid United Company <lo hereby oider and require, 
 all our fadors, fervants, officers, and foldiers, within the limits of the faid prtfidency, and all 
 the people and inhabitants of our faid ifland and caftle of Bombay, or ?.ny ether our forts, places 
 or colonics, within the faid prclidcncy, to conform, fubmit, and yield doe obedience unto the 
 faid Thtim-as Hodges, our Prelulent and CJovcrnor, and his Council accordm.'ly. And foralmuch 
 as it is altogether neceffary, that in cafe of the deaili or removal of the laid Thomas Hod es our 
 prefidency fhould be provided for the defence and governnT-nt th-reof ; we do therefore by 'thefe 
 prefents, ordain and appoint, that in fuch cafe, the faid William Hnrnby Diall immediately be, 
 and fuccecd in the place and charge of, Prefident and Governor of B>mbay aforefaid, in as full 
 and ample manner, and with as large and ample powers, privileges, :;id authorities, as are here- 
 by granted imlo ihc laid Thomas Hodj^es, until our, or the Court of Dircdors for the time beinn- 
 
 X as 
 
 a
 
 ( 74 ) 
 
 as aforefaid, their further pleafure be known therein. In witnefs whereof, we the faid United 
 Comoanv have caufed our common feal to be affixed to thefe prefents the eighteenth day of 
 March, in the eighth year of the reign of his moft excellent Majefty George the third by the 
 arace of God King, of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, and fo forth, 
 and in the year of our Lord One thoufand feven hundred and fixty eight. 
 
 (L. S.) 
 Signed by order of the Court of Directors of the faid United Company. 
 ° •' Kob'. James, Secretary. 
 
 Extraflof the Company's General Letter to Bombay, dated i8th March 1768. 
 Thomas Hodces, Efq; h.-.ving fucceeded to the chair at your prelidency, agreeable to our 
 orders of the 17th May 1766, you will receive by the fhip Royal Captain now under dilpatch lor 
 Bombay, a commiffion under the Company's feal, conftituting him Prefident and Governor, and 
 the follov»^ing perfons of Council, for managing our affairs at Bombay, viz. 
 
 Thomas Hodges ECquire. Prefident and Governor. 
 
 Mr. William "Hornby, Second 
 
 Mr. William Andrew Price, Third. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Whitehill, Fourth. 
 
 Mr. Peter Elwin Wrench, Fifth 
 
 Mr. Samuel Court, Sixth. 
 
 Mr. Daniel Draper, Seventh. 
 
 Mr. James Ryley, Eighth. 
 
 Mr. Henry Moore, Ninth. 
 
 Mr. Rawfon Hart Boddom, Tenth. 
 
 Mr. Benjamin Jervis, Eleventh. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Moftyii, Twelfth. 
 
 Mr. Nathaniel Stackhoufe, Thirteenth, 
 
 The United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 To all to whom thefe prefents fhall come, fend greeting. 
 Know ye, that we, the faid United Company, repofmg efpecial trufl and confidence in the 
 fidelity, prudence, jufticc, and circumfpeftion, of Roger Carter, Efquire, have made, confti- 
 tuted, and ordained, and by thefe prefents do make, conftitute, and ordain the faid Roger 
 Carte'r to be Prefident and Governor, of and for all our affairs on the ifland of Sumatra, 
 in the Eafl Indies, and alfo to be our commander in chief of our Fort Marlborough at 
 Bencoolen, on the faid ifland, and all the territories, thereunto belonging, and of all and 
 fingulat the towns, forts, fadories, and fettlements, territories, cotintries, and jurifdidions 
 thereof, and of all others which now are, or hereafter fhall or may become fubordinate 
 thereto' or dependant thereon, or fhall or may be acquired, and annexed to the faid prefi- 
 dency, althouch not fituate on the faid ifland of Sumatra, and of all the forces which now 
 are or hereafter may or fhall be, employed for the fervice of the faid United Company in 
 the' faid forts, towns, places, and acquifitions ; giving and hereby granting to the faid Roger 
 Carter, full power and authority to execute all and every the powers and authorities appertaining 
 to the faid offices or places of Prefident and Governor, and commander in chief as aforefaid, in 
 as full and ample manner, and with the like powers and authorities, as all or any of our Prefi- 
 dents and Governors, and commanders in chief of any other of our forts, fadories, places, and 
 fettlements, in the Eaft Indies aforefaid, are empowered by us to do, by and according to fuch 
 orders and dire£tions, as have been, from time to time, eftabliflied by the Court of Directors of 
 the faid United Company, for the government and conduiSl of their affairs on the faid ifland of 
 Sumatra, or as he the faid Roger Carter fhall now, or at any time hereafter receive, under the 
 feal of the faid United Company, or under the hands of the Court of Diredors of the faid Com- 
 pany for the time being : or any thirteen or more of them, and to continue in the exercife of 
 the fame, during our and their pleafure, and until the contrary thereof (hail be fignified under the 
 feal of the faid United Company, or under the hands of thirteen or more of the Court of DiretSors 
 of the tiid Company for the time being. And, to the end that the faid Roger Carter, Efquire, 
 may be better enabled to order and manage all the affairs of us the faid Company, as our Prefident 
 and Governor as aforefaid, we do by thefe prefents conftitute and ordain Richard Wyatt, Efquire, 
 to be fecond of our Council at Fort Marlborough aforefaid, next after our faid Prefident Roger 
 Carter ; Mr. Jofeph Darvall to be third ; Mr. William Norris to be fourth; Mr. Richard Pref- 
 ton to be fifth ; Mr. Robert Hay to be fixth ; Mr. Alexander Hall to be feventh ; Mr. Henry 
 Idell to be eighth ; and Mr. Chriftopher Watfon to be ninth, and laft, of our faid Council at 
 Fort Marlborou'^h, for managing and governing al) the faid Company's affairs upon the faid 
 ifland of Sumatra, the faid I'"ort Marlborough and town of Bencoolen, and all other our forts, fac- 
 tories, and fettlements, on the ifland aforefaid, and which now are, or fhall or may hereafter be- 
 come dependant thereon and fubordinate thereto, although not fituated on the faid ifland. And we 
 do hereby give and grant unto our (aid Prefident and Governor, Roger Carter, and to our Council 
 aforenamed, or the major part of them, (the whole Council being duly fummoned) full power 
 and authority, from time to time to rule and govern all and every our fac'tors and fervants, under 
 the faid prefidency, and all thj foldiers and inhabitants of our faid Fort Marlborough and town 
 of Bencoolen, and elfewherc, within the places aforefaid, to adminifter lawful oaths as occafion 
 fhall requie, and to do and perform all fuch other adls and thinL", and to ufe and exercife all 
 
 fuch
 
 ( IS ) 
 
 fuch other powers and auihoritics as any of the faid United Company's PreriJents and Governors 
 and their C 'uncils in their (evcral and relpcclive places, where the faid United Company have; 
 or (ball have faclors, or anv places of trade, are authorized to do, according to fuch orders and* 
 inftrudions as he, the Lid Roger Carter, our Prefident and Governor, and Council aforefaid, 
 fhall from time to time receive under the hands of thirteen or more of the Court ofDireftors t)f 
 the faid United Company for the time being: — And we the faid United Company do hereby order 
 and require all our faclors, fervants, officers, and foldiers, within the limits of the faid preiiJency, 
 and all the people and inhabitants of our faid Fort Mailhorough and town of Bencoolen, or 
 any other our forts, places, or coloniev, within the faid prcfidcncy, to conform, fubmit, and yield 
 due obedience unto the faid Roger Carter our Prefident and Governor and his Council, ac- 
 cordingly. In witncfs wh-rcof, the faid United Company have caufcd their common feal to be 
 affiiced to thefe prefents, this fourth day of February, in the firft year of the reign of his moft ex- 
 cellent Majeity George the Third, by the grace of God, King of Great-Britain, France and 
 Ireland, Defender of the Faith, and io forth ; and in the year of our Lord One thouland fevs:i 
 hundred and iixty-one. 
 
 (L. S.) 
 Signed by Order of the Court of Directors of the faid United Conipany. 
 
 Rob'. Jamts, Secretary. 
 
 Extraftof the Company's general letter to Fort Marlbordugh, dated 4 February 1761. 
 91. As Fort Marlborough is now become an indepcnJant fcttle;ncntj our affairs are to be con- 
 dudled by a Governor, or Prefident and Council, in the fairle manner, and with the like powers 
 and authorities, as our other prefidencies. We have accordingly conllituted and appointed the 
 following gentlemen to be our laid Governor, or Prefident, and Council ; and herewith you 
 will receive a commiflion, under the Company's feai, for the faid purpofe ; viz. 
 
 Roger Carter to be Governor and Prefident. 
 
 Mr. Richard Wyatt, Second in Council. 
 
 Mr. Jofeph Darvall, Third. 
 
 Mr. William Norris, Fourth. 
 
 Mr. Richard Prefton, Fifth. 
 
 Mr. Robert Hay, Sixth. 
 
 Mr. Alexander Hall, Seventh. 
 
 Mr. Henry Ideil, Eighth. 
 
 Mr. Chriftopher Watfon, Ninth and Jaft. 
 
 The United Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft-Indics. 
 To all to whom thefe prefents {hall come, fend greetinn-. 
 Know ye, that we the faid United Company, repofmg efpecial trull and confidence in the fide- 
 lity, prudence, juftice, and circumfpeclion, of Richard Wyatt, Efquire, have made, conftituted 
 and ordained, and by thefe prefents domake, conftitute, and ordain, the faid Richard Wyatt to be 
 Prefident and Governor of and for all our affairs on the iflanJ of Sumatra in the Eaft-Indies and 
 alfo to be our commander in chief of our Fort Marlborough, at Bencoolcn, on the faid ifland and 
 all the territories thereunto belonging, and of all and fingular the towns, forts, fa<5lories and 
 fettlements, territories, countries, and jurildiiilions thereof, and of ail others which now are 
 or hereafter (hall or may become fubordinate thereto, or dependant thereon, or (hall or may be 
 acquired and annexed to the faid prefiJency, although not fituated on the faid ifland of Sumatra 
 and of all the forces which now are, or hereafter may or fhall be, employed for the fervice of 
 the faid United Company, in the faid forts, towns, places, and acquifitioru, from and after the 
 day that Roger Carter, Efquirc, now in charge of our faid government and prefidency, is or- 
 dered and direi£led in the general letter to the prefidency aforefaid, under the haiids of the major 
 part of the prefent Court of Dire£lors of the faid Company, bearing even date with thefe pre- 
 fents, to refign and yield up the faid government and prefidency as aforefaid to Richard Wyatt 
 Efquire ; giving, and hereby granting, to the faid Richard Wyatt, full power and authority to 
 execute all and every the powers and authorities appertaining to the faid offices or places of Pre- 
 sident and Governor, and Commander in chief as aforefaid, in a> full and ample manner, and 
 with the like powers and authorities, as all, or any of our Prefidcnts and Governois, and Com- 
 manders in chief of any other of our forts, fadories, places, and fettlements, in the Eaft Indies 
 aforefaid, are empowered by us to do, by and according to fjch orders and diredtions, as have 
 been, from time to time, eftiblifhed by the Court of Dircdors of the faid United Companyj 
 lor the government and condud of their affairs on the faid ifland of Sumatra ; or as he, the faid 
 Richard Wyatt, (hall now, or at any time hereafter, receive under the feal of the faid United 
 Company, or under the hands of the Court of JJireflois of the faid Company, for the time 
 being, or any thirteen or more of them, and to continue in the exeiclfe of the fame during our 
 and their pleafure, and until the contrary thereof (hall be lignified under the fcal of the faid Uni- 
 ted Company, or under the hands of thirte::n or more of the Court of Directors of the fiid 
 Company, for the time being : And to the end the faid Richard Wyatt, Eltjuire, may be better 
 enabled to order and manage all the affairs ot us the faid Company, as our faid Prefident and Cio- 
 vernor as aforefaid, we do by thefe prefents conllitute and ordain Jofeph Uarvall, Eiqmre, to 
 be fecond of our Council at Fort Mailborough atorefaid, next to, and immediately after, our 
 faid Prefident Richard Wyatt, Mr. Robert Hay to be third \ Mr. George Scott to be fourth \ 
 
 Mr.
 
 ( 76 ) ^ 
 
 Mr. Robert Nairne to be fifth ; Mr. John Herbert to be fixth ; Mr. Hew Stewart to be feventh ; 
 Mr. John Gould to be eighth, and Mr. Stokeham Donfton to be ninth, and laft, of our faid 
 Council at Fort Marlborough, for managing and governing all the faid company's affairs upon 
 the faid idand of Sumatra, the faid Port Marlborough, and Town of Bencoolen, and all other 
 our forts, fadtories, and fettlements, on the illand aforcfaid; and which now are, or {hall or may 
 hereafter become dependant thereon, and fubordinate thereto, although not fituated on the faid 
 ifland. And we do hereby give and grunt unto our faid PrefiJent and Governor, Richard 
 Wyatt, and to our Council aforenamed, or to the major part of them (the whole council be- 
 in» duly fummoncd) full power and au:hoiity, from time to time, to rule and govern all and 
 every our fadiors and fervants under the faid prtlidt.ncy, and all the foldiers and inhabitants of our 
 faid Fort Marlborough, and Town of B;;iicoolen, and el ll- where, within the place,^ aforefaid, to, 
 adminiller lawful oath.s as occafun lh.il; require, and to do and perform ad fuch other afls and 
 things, and to ufe and exercife all fuch other powers and authorities, as any of the faid United 
 Compiny's Prefidents and Governors, and their Councils, in their feveral and rcfptctive places, 
 where the faid United Company, ha\e, or fhall have, factors, or any places of tr^de, are authorized 
 to do, accordino- to fuch orders and inftruftions, as he the faid Richard VVyait, our Prefldent 
 and Governor, and Council aforeuid, (hail, from tn.ie to time, receive, under the hands of 
 thirteen or more of the Court of Directors of the faui Uiiittd Company for the time being. And 
 we, the faid United Company, do hereby order and require all our factors, fervants, ofhcers, 
 and loldiers, within the limits of the iaid prefidcncy, and all the people and inhabitants of our 
 faid Fort Marlborough, and Town of Bencoolen, or any other our forts, places, or colonies, 
 within the laid prefidcncy, to conform, fubmit, and yield due obedience unco the faid Richard 
 Wyatt, our i'refident and Governor, and his Council accordingly : And forafmuch as it is alto- 
 gether necefury, that in cale of the death or removal of the faid Richard Wyatt, our p;efidency 
 ihould be provided for the better defence and government thereof, we do therefore by thefe 
 prefents ordain and appoint, that in fuch cafe the faid Jofeph Darvall, Efqiire, fhall immedi- 
 ately be and fucceed in the place and charge of Prefidenc and Go.ernor of Fort Marlborough, 
 aforefaid, in as full and ample manner, and with as large and ample powers and authorities, as 
 are hereby granted unto the faid Richard Wyatt, until our or the Court of Dire(5tors for the 
 time bein'J as aforefaid, their further pleafure be known therein. In wiinefs whereof, we the faid 
 United Company have caufed our common feal to be afRxed to thefe prefents, this eleventh day 
 of January, in the fixth year of the reign of his mod excellent Majelty George the Third, by 
 the grace of God, King of Great Britain, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, and (o 
 forth, and in the year of our Lord One thoufand feven hundred and fixty fix. 
 
 (L. S.) 
 Signed by Order of the Court of Directors of the faid United Company. 
 
 Rob', James, Secretary, 
 
 Extract of the Company's general letter to Fort Marlborough, dated the 15th January, 1766. 
 Having made out a commilTion under the Company's iVai, bearing date the fame day with this 
 letter, confirming the appointment of Richard VVyatt, Efquire, to be Prefident and Governor, 
 and the other perfons to be Counfellors in the order they are named ; we fend the fame by the 
 Havannah, and an attefted copy thereof by the Hawkc. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 N" 2. 
 
 Lift of copies of the feveral treaties and grants from the country powers to the Eaft-India 
 Company, refpefting their prefidcncy at Fort William in Bengal, from the year 1756 to 
 1766, both years inclufive ; which are in pofTeffion of the houfe. 
 
 N° I. Treaty executed by the Nabob Serajah Dowla, and agreements of the Prefident and 
 Seleft Committee, and Colonel Ciive on the part of the Company, in February, 1757. 
 
 2. Perwannahs from Nabob Seraiah Dowla, for erecting a mint, and for the currency of bu- 
 finefs, and copy of his Duftuck, dated in March 1757. 
 
 3. Treaty between Nabob Jaffier Ally Khan and the Company, in June 1757. 
 
 4. General Sunnud from the N.ibob Jaffier Ally Khan, for currency of the Company's bu- 
 finefs, and relating to the Mint, dated 15th July 1757. 
 
 5. Perwannah from Nabob Jaffier Ally Khan, for currency of gold and filver coined in the 
 Company's Mint at Calcutta, dated the 28th of July 1757. 
 
 6. Perwannah from Jaffier Ally Khan, relating to the Zemindarry of the lands. South of Cal- 
 cutta, granted to the Company by the treaty wiih the faid Nabob, dated in December 1757. 
 
 7. Perwannah from Nabob Jaffier Ally Khan, granting to the Company the lole purchafe of 
 the falt-pctrc, produced in the province of Bahar, dated in March 1758. 
 
 8. Sunnud from the Dcwan of the Suhah of Bengal, for the Zemindarry of the lands 
 granted to the Company by Meet Jaffier Ally Khan, dated in December 1758. 
 
 9. Sunnud from the Dewan of Bengal, granting the free tenwre of Calcutta, &c. to the Com- 
 pany, dated in December 1758. 
 
 10. Treaty between N.ibob Meer Mahomed Coffim Ally Khan, and the Company, dated 
 27th September 1760, 
 
 II. Sunnuds
 
 ( 77 ) 
 
 11. Sunnuds from Nabob Meer Mahomed Coffi in Khan, granting to the Company the 
 lands of Burdwan, Midnaporc, and Iflamabadj alfo the Chunam produced at Silhet ; tor three 
 years, dated in October 1760. 
 
 12. Treaty between the Company and Nabob Meer Jaffier Ally Khan, and articles demanded 
 by the Nabob, and agreed to by the Governor and Council, dated loth July 1703. 
 
 13. Nabob JaiBer Ally Khan's note, for payment of five lacks per month, for expences of the 
 Company's troops, during the war with Shujah ul Dowla, dateJ i6;h December J 764. 
 
 14. Propofals made by the King Shah Aalum to Major Munro, and articles propofed by the 
 Governor and Council to be executed by the King ; alio Firmaun from the King grantino- the 
 Gauzee poor country to the Company ; the letter dated the 29th ot December 1764. 
 
 15. Treaty between the Company and Nabob Nudjum ul Dowla, in February 1765. 
 
 16 General Firmaun from the King Shah Aalum, granting to the Company the Dewanny 
 of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, dated 12th Auguft 1765. 
 
 17. Firmaun from the King Shah Aalum, granting the Dewanny of Bengal to the Company 
 dated lathAugult 1765. ^'' 
 
 18. Firmaun from the King Shah Aalum, granting the Dewanny of Bahar to the Company 
 dated 12th Augurt 1765. 
 
 19. Firmaun from the King Shah Aalum, granting the Dewanny of Orixa to the Company, 
 datrd i2th Auguft 1705. 
 
 20. Firmaun from the King Shah Aalum, confirming to the Company the Chucklees of Burd- 
 wan, Midnapore, and Chittagong, and the 24 Purgunnahs of Calcutta, &:c. before ceded to 
 them by the Nabobs Jaffier Ally Khan and Coffim Ally Khan, dated 12th Au<;iift 1765. 
 
 21. Treaty between Nabob Shuja ul Dowla, Nabob Nudjum ul Dowla'^and the Company 
 dated i6th Auguft 1765. ^ ^' 
 
 22. Agreement between the King Shah Aalum and the Company, relatin» to the tribute to be 
 paid to him from the revenues of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, dated 19th Auirult 176^. 
 
 23. Agreements between the Nabob Nudjum ul Dowla, and the Company, relatin"- to the 
 allowance to be paid him for the fupport of the Nizamut. " 
 
 Grants relating to Lord Clive's Munfub and Jaghire. 
 N" I. Sunnud from the King Aulum Geer, appointing Colonel Clive a Munfubdar dated 
 about December 1757. ' 
 
 2. Nabob Meer Jaffier Ally Khan's Perwannah for the payment of Colonel Clive's jaghire 
 dated in July 1757. ■* " * 
 
 3. Sunnud from the Nabob Nudjum ul Dowla, for the reverfion in perpetuity of Lord Clive's 
 jaghire to the Company, dated 23d June 1765. 
 
 4 Firmaun from the King Shah Aalum, confirming the reverfion in perpetuity of Lord Clive's 
 jaghire to the Company. 
 
 The royal Phirmaund granted by his Majefty's Fuzzuckfeer, under his feal, and the Vizier's 
 
 Syad Abidulla Caun. 
 To all Governors, Officers, Jaggeerdars, Phoufdars, Cohedars, Chokevs, Hororeys, Jemi- 
 dars, and all who bear pofts under the King at prefent, or fhall hereafter, in the Subahs of 
 Bengal, Oraffa, Hughly, and elfewhere within thefe limits, being in hopes of the royal favour; 
 Know, for m this joyful time, when all is profperous, and vidories daily happen, that Mr. John 
 Serman and Cija Seerhaud, Gomaftahs, for the honourable Eaft-India Company, have petitioned 
 to my high throne of juftice, that agreeable to Shaw Jahans (whom God has taken to himlelf, 
 and given a place in heaven) Nusfhan and the former Sunnods, the En2;lifti company may carry 
 on their commerce, throughout the whole country, exempt from duties°(except Surat) in lieu of 
 which, three thoufand rupees is annually paid a pifhcafh into the treafury atflughly; the-e.'^orc 
 we are in hopes according to thefe former funnods, we (hall be favoured and granted a Phurmaund. 
 I now direa and command, that whatever goods or other things the Gomaftahs may (through- 
 out my dominions) either bring or carry away, by land or by water, have free crefs and recrrefs 
 exempt from any duties ; and in the fame manner they may buy or fell at their'^own liberty ; iii 
 which confideration, the three thoufand rupees is to be annually paid a pifticadi and no mire • 
 and further command. That, if in any place, any of the company's goods fhould be ftole, you 
 are to make ftricSt fearch after them, that they be reftored, and the thieves taken and brou<rht 
 to juftice, and at whatever place the Company have where they buy and fell, in what is right, 
 you are to affift them and not let them be abufed ; as alfo, from any merchant, weaver, or 
 others, a juft ballance is due, you are, agreeable to juftice, to fee paid, fo that no inj.iftic'e is 
 done to any of the company's Gomaftahs, and on any boat, either their own or hired, there is 
 to be no cuftoms demanded on them. 
 
 And it is petitioned, that the Subahs petty Duans demnnd the fight of the original funnod, 
 as alfi) one under the Nabob's feal, and another under his Duan's feal : The carrying the oris^inai 
 one way where is troublefome ; therefore, are in hopes that a copy under the Cazce's feallhall 
 be regarded, and the original one not infiftcd on, and likcwife no occafion to ftiew the Nabob's 
 and Duan's at all : Calcutta, which is the company's faiftory, it is requefted, that Soota Loota 
 and Govindpore, (in the country of Ameeiabad, in the province of Bengal; which places the 
 company formerly bought of Jcmmcdar, the revenues U95.6 are a'lnually paid, and furthermore 
 
 U thirty-
 
 ( 78 5 
 'hirty-eight towns, whofe annua! revenues are 8121.8 rupees which licTiear Calcutta, we hum- 
 bly beg you will grant us the Jcmmidarry ofF, the above rents fliall be duly paid. 
 
 His royal pleal'ure, which is always hand in hand with juftice, commands, Tliat a copy of the 
 original funnod, under the high Pieeftat Delly's feal fhall be regarded : The tov/ns bought for- 
 merly lacquiefce to the thirty towns 1 give you the Jemmidarry off likewife, but you muftbuy 
 them and fatisfy the owner, the Duan Suba will not impede you. 
 
 And it is petitioned, that ever fince tiie reign of Auringzebe (whom God has pbced in heaven) 
 our Che.opatam rupees in all the provmces pafs for lefs than value notwithftanding the filver is 
 the fame as the Surat rupees, in which we are great fufFcrers ; therefore beg you will order, if the 
 fdver be equal with the burat, that they (liall not pafs for lefs than value : And it is further petition- 
 ed, if any of the Company's debtor or Gomaftahs elope, that they be feized and return to the 
 chief, and that Phowfdarry cuftoms and all other?, which have been forbid, be not taken as our 
 Gomaftah and Imahts arc greatly diftrcffed by them, they being demanded. 
 
 It is peremptorily commanded, that from this 5 (on for year, if the Cherapatam rupees be 
 equal with the Surat, that they do n;)t pafi for iet's than value ; and if any deotor or gomaftah 
 elope, that they be taken and delivcn-d to their chief. 
 
 It is further petitioned, that the Company, having faiSories in Bengal, OralTa, and willing 
 to make fome in other place?, are in hopes, that in whatever other places we think convenient, 
 that forty Begahs of land will begranti-d tor that ufe; likewife as fometimes our fhips by ftorms 
 and hard weather, are drove aftiore and ftranded, the government in tiiofe places by force feize and 
 plunder the goods, and in other places a quarter is demanded ; and further petition the ifiand of 
 J-Jombav, a Company's fettlement, where the Portugueze omii is current, if approved and an 
 order given, we will coin ficca rupees there as we do at Clierapat^m. 
 
 It is commanded, as land wa'. before given to make factories, that it fliill be now given to 
 make them in other places; and as the Englifh are people that have made dwellings in my coun- 
 try, and trade in my cities where I am, and have formerly received Sunnods to free them from 
 all duties and cuftoms ; therefore you muft, in cafe of any of theii- (hips being caft away, or by 
 miftakc go to your port, protect them, and take care of their goods ; and likewile that Sicca ru- 
 pees be coined at Bombay, and pafs current as Siccas do. 
 
 Agreeable to all that I have ordered, commanded, and wrote in this phurmaund, muft be 
 punctually complied with and not deviated from, nor demand a new Sunnod every year, but re- 
 gard this. 
 
 Dated the 27th of Mohurrum, 5 fon of year of his reign. 
 
 Copies of Phirmauns, HuftjuIIhookums, &c. 1717. 
 
 N° I. Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbulimoolk *) prime minifter ; 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad AbiduUa Caun ; the valiant, the vidorious in battle, general 
 of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth : 
 
 To all Mutfuddys in government, that aie at prefent, or hereafter may come throughout all 
 the provinces of the conquered empire; know yee, that at this initant Mr. John Surman Coja 
 Surhaud and Mr. Stevenfon, for and in behalf of the Engli fh Company, have, through inter- 
 ceflions of the high niinifters, prefented their petition to his imperial Majefty ; fetting forth, fhat 
 in feveral ports the Company have faflories, where Englifhmen refide, buying and felling, and 
 there are fome places and aurengs likewif; where Englilh men can't be fent ; for which reafon 
 they make agreements, and fend their money by the hands of the merchants of this country, to 
 buy goods for them: They hope that orders miy be given to the King's Mutfuddys (ofEccrs) 
 that whofoever (o going and coming with the Duftic of the chief of th.-ir factory, be not hindered 
 and m')lefted. It is commanded, that a lift he taken from under the feal of the chief of the fa(ftory, 
 and according to which, that you give funnods under your own feal, for which reafon this Huf- 
 bullhookum is iflued out, that you do, purfuant to the great command, take a lift from under 
 the feal of the chief of the factory ; and according to which, give Sunnods under your own 
 feals. Regard this well. — Written the 9th of the moon, Zeelhedge, the 5th year of his Ma- 
 jefty 's reign. 
 
 N'' 2. Copy of a Huftjullhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbulimoolk) prime minifter; 
 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle. General 
 
 of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth : 
 To all Mutfuddys in government, that at prefent are, or hereafter may come throughout all 
 the provinces of the conquered empire ; know yee, that at this inftant Mr. John Surman Coja 
 Surhaud and Mr. Stevenfon for and in behalf of the Englifh Company, have, through iiitcrcef- 
 ilons of the high minifters, prefented their petition to his imperial Majefty ; fetting forth, that 
 in the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Oudeifa, the Company have fadories, and that in other 
 provinces they may likewife have liberty to fettle other fadtories ; they hope, that in whatfoever 
 place they have a mind to l.ttle a fadtory, they may have 40 Begacs of ground given them for 
 the fame. It is ordered that they have according to cuftom of their factories in ether fubah- 
 ihips; and they have obtained a gracious phirmaun, for which reafon this Hufljullhook-.im is 
 iflued out, that you do, purfuant to the great command, let them in any place fettle new factories 
 according to the cuftom of their other factories. Regard this well. VVritten the gdi __of the 
 moon Zeelhedge, the 5th year of his Majefty's reign, 
 
 * The Pole Star of the Empiic. 

 
 ( 79 ) 
 
 N** 3- Copvofa Huroullhookiim, under the feal of the (Cootbullmooik) prime minilkr ; 
 the Lord high t e.ifurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle, General 
 of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth: 
 
 To all \Jjt(u Idys in government, that at prefent are, or hereafter mav come throughout all 
 p^tts and provinces of the conquered empire ; Know yee, that at this inftant Mr. John Surmaii 
 C jdSiriuud and Mr. Stevenfon, for and in behalf of the Englifli Companv, have, throu"h iii- 
 tei^elJions of the high minifters, prefcnted their petition to his imperial Majt-fty ; fertinglforth, 
 th.rin an) port and fubahlhip, the Company's gomaftahs going baclcinaids and forwards by land 
 and water to buy and ft.ll, if any thing fhould be ftule, which God forbid, thev hope for ftrict 
 orders to be given >ou. that you take care that the Zemeendar^ &c. of the place where fuch 
 goodr are Itolen, do thoroughly allift in getting them again ; and that the goods be returned to 
 the light owner, and due pjiiithment be inflicted on the robbers. It is accordingly commanded, 
 fur which region this HufbuUhookum is iflued out, that you do, purfuant to the "reat command, 
 if in any place, any thing fhould be ftolcn, thoroughly aflifl: in getting it again, and return it 
 
 to the right owners ; and let due punifliment be inflidted on the rcgue^. Regard this well. 
 
 Written tne 9th of the moon Zcelhedge, the 5th year of his MajtUy's reijn. ° 
 
 N° 4. Copy of a HufbuUhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmooik) prime minifter; 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidjlla Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle, Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, true to his friends ; as followeth : 
 To all Mutfuddys in government, that at prefent are, or hereafter may come throuohout all 
 the provinces of the conquered empire; Know yee, Th..t at this inftant !Vlr. John Surmaii Coia 
 Surhaud and Mr. Scevenfon, for and in behalf of the Englifh Company, liave, throu'/n inter- 
 ceflions of the High Alinifters, prefented their petition to his Inipciial Majelty, fetiini; fortii 
 That the rupees coir.ed in Madrafs mint receive fome difcoiint before received into theKint^'s 
 treafuries of all Subahfhips, although they are of the fame Hnenefs and goodnefs with Su.'-ar 
 whereby they are great loferS ; they hope orders may be given, in cafe they are made the firne 
 as thofe at Surat and other places, that there be no difcount on them, and that they be received 
 current as all other ficcas are. It is commanded, that from the 5tli year of his Miijefly's rei^^n 
 in cafe they are made the fame finenefs and p;oodnefs with Surat iiccas, that there be no difcounc 
 on them; they have obtained a gracious Phirmaun, for which reafon this HufbuUhookum is 
 iflued out, that you do, purfuant to the great command, from the 5th year of his Majefty's reio-n 
 in cafe Madrafs Siccas are of the fame finenefs and goodnefs with Surat Siccas, receive them 
 without any difcount. Regard this well. — Written the gth of the moon Zeelhedge, the 51)1 
 year of his Majefty's reign. 
 
 N° 5. Copy of a HufbuUhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmooik) prime miniffer ; 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, true to his friends ; as followeth : 
 To all Mutfuddys in government, that at prefent are, or hereafter may come throughout all the 
 Provinces of the Empire ; Know yee. That at this infliant Mr. John S irman Coja Surhaud and 
 Mr. Stevenfon, for, and in behalf of the Englifli Company, have, tlirough the interceiJions of 
 the high miniflers, prefented their petition to his Imperial Majeffy ; fettinn- forth, That in all 
 provinces, the Petty Duans, eCC. demand light of the original funiiodi and perwannas under 
 the feals of the Duans and Siibshs ; and that the original funnods can't, without a groat deal of 
 difficulty, be produced in every Subahftiip ; they hope that a gracious order may be ifTued out 
 commanding that a copy from under the feal of the Cauzee may fuffice, and no demands made 
 for the original funnods and perwannas, under the feals of the Duaii; and Suhas. It is accor- 
 dingly ordered, that a copy, from under the (eai of the chief Cauzce be regarded ; and thev have 
 rtbtained a gracious Phirmaun, for which reifon this Hufbullhookuin is iiiued out ; that you, pur- 
 fuant to the great command, have due regard to the copies of iuniiods n.'latinj to thel'e people 
 under the feal of the chief Cauzec. Regard this well. — Written the 9th of the moon Zeelhedjje 
 the 5th year of his Majefty's reign. 
 
 N° 6. Copy of a HufbuUhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmooik) prime minifter • 
 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun; the valiant, the victorious in batilc Gc- 
 
 ntral of the horfe, faithful friend ; as followeth ; 
 
 To all MutfudJvs in government, that at prefent are, or hereafter may come thr 
 -^ 1 : ^ „!." .u., 1 r." ; l'.,_ -„ .1 „. .u- ,, ». r 
 
 iiiaufli, Phowldarry, Zemecndarry, and all manner of inipofiiluns, they be unmolefted ; it is com- 
 manded that all manner of impofitions be univerfally forgiven ; and they have obtained a gracious 
 Phirmaun, for which reafon this flulbullho.-jkum is iilued out, and that you do, purfuant to the 
 great command, not moleft and trouble the faid nation for any manner of impofirions, for that 
 js forgiven ; that they may go on in their bufincfs with cheaifulnefs and fatisfaction. Regard 
 this well. — Written the gth of moun Zeelhedge, the 5tli ) ear of his Majtfty's reign. 
 
 N- 7.
 
 ( 80 ) 
 
 N* 7 Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmoolk) prime minifler j 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the viaonous in battle. Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth : 
 To all iVIutfuddys in government, that at prefent are, or hereafter may come at the port ot 
 Surat, in the province of Bengal, and all other provinces throughout the whox Empire ; Know 
 vee That at this inftant Mr. John Surman Coja Surhaud and Mr. Stevenfon, for, and in behalf 
 of the Englifh Company, have, through interceffions of the high minifters, prefented their pe- 
 tition to hi^i Imperial Majcfty ; fetting forth, that the ifland of Bombay, in the fea, in the faid 
 inand, European ficcas are current ; they hope, from his Majefty's favour, that they may have 
 there, as at Madrafs, the imperial llamp on the ficcas coined there. It is commanded, that con- 
 cernincj the currency of them you be wrote to, for w^hich this Hufbullhookum is iflued out ; that 
 you, conformable to the great command, fettle the currency of the rupees coined on that ifland 
 with the imperial (lamp as all other ficcas are. Regard this well.— Written the 91 i of the moon 
 Zeelhedge, the 5th year of his Majefty's reign. 
 
 N" 8. Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the fcal of the (Cootbullmoolk) prime minifter; 
 the Lord high treafurer bya.l Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle, Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth : 
 May the honourable Hyder Cooli Caun be always in fafety. 
 At this inftant Mr. John Surman Coja Surhaud and Mr. Stevenfon, for, and in behalf of the 
 Englifli Company, have, through intercefTions of the high minifters, prefented their petition to 
 his Imperial Majefty ; fetting forth, that the Englifli had a houfe in Surat for a faaory, which 
 is now gone to ruin ; that they are uncapable of repairing it, till fuch time his iMajefty is pieafed 
 to give it them ; they hope that that houfe may be granted them, and without the city four hun- 
 dred begaes of ground, whereon they may make a houfe and garden ; and they will duly pay 
 the rent of faid ground into the treafury. It is ordered, that they have the old houfe to repair 
 according to the Hmdoftan architecture, but not to make bulwarks, or any thing refembling for- 
 tification, and not to make any thing more than there is already to it : That in cafe they do as 
 aforefaid, let them receive no obftru£tion. The ground without the city, towards Norboda 
 Gate, in the town of Bomkey, being taken in at the walling of the city round, inftead of which 
 ground, that they buy 150 begaes of ground towards Autua, for which this Hufbullhookum is 
 iflued out; that, conformable to the great command, you let them have the houfe to repair and 
 live in on the terms aforefaid, and 150 begaes of ground for a houfe and garden, which they 
 buying, let them have according to ancient cuftom, and receive no moleftation. Regard thi& 
 well. Written the 9th of the moon Zeelhedge, the Jth year of his Majefty's reign. 
 
 N° 9. Copy of a Huflsullhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmoolk) prime minifler; 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Cawn ; the valiant, the vidorious in battle, Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth 
 May the honourable Hyder Cooli Cawn be always in fafety. 
 At this inftant Mr. John Surman Coja Surhaud and Mr. Stevenfon, for, and in behalf of the 
 Englifli Company, have through intercefTions of the high minifters, prefented their petition to his 
 Imperial Majefty; fetting forth, that the Company are cuftom free throughout the whole empire, 
 excepting at the port of Surat, and at the faid port, in the reign of Sha Jahaun, they paid 2 per 
 cent, cuftom ; in the time of Aurengzeb 3 | per cent. ; and iii the reign of Sha Alam 2 | per 
 cent, was and is et prefent paid, upon account of abufes and injuftice of the Mutfuddys mere; 
 they have been for thefe three years forced to withdraw their fatStory from that place ; they hope, 
 according to cuftom of other provinces, and at the port of Hugely, they may at the port of Surat 
 pay a yearly pifhcafh often thoufand rupees in lieu of cuftom. It is accordingly commanded, 
 and they have obtained a gracious Phirmaun, for which reafon this Hufbullhookum is iflued out; 
 that you do, conformable to the great command, receive a pifhcafh of ten thoufand rupees an- 
 nually, inftead of cuftom, at the port of Surat ; and that they be cuftom free, and called upon 
 for no other account whatfoever. Regard this well. — Written the 9th of the moon Zeelhedge, 
 the 5 year of his Majefty's reign. 
 
 N" 10. Another Huflsullhookum, the fame as above, word for word, directed to all Mut- 
 fuddys, that at prefent are, or hereafter may come in the province of Ahomed Abaud, at 
 the port of Surat Royat Butzounch, &c. in the province aforefaid. 
 
 N° II. Copy of a Hufl)ullhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmoolk) prime minifterj 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun : the valiant, the viiStorious in battle. Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth: 
 To all Mutfuddys, that at prefent are, or hereafter may come at the fortunate port of Surat ; 
 Know yec, at this inftant Mr. John Surman Cuja Surhaud and Mr. Ste'-enfon, for and in behalf 
 ot the Englifh Company, have, through intercefEons of the high minifters, prefented their pe- 
 tition to his Imperi.:l Majefty ; fetting forth, that the Englifli had a houfe in Surat, forafadory, 
 which is now gone to luin ; that ihey are uncapable of repairing it till fuch time as his Majefty 
 is pieafed to give it them : They hope that that houfe may be granted them, and without the 
 city 400 Begaes of ground, whereon they may make a houfe and garden ; and they wjH duly pay 
 the rent of the faid ground into the treafury. It is commanded, that they have the old houle to 
 
 repair
 
 ( St ) 
 
 repair according to the Hmdoftan architc^ure, but not to make buliworks or any thin^^ refem- 
 bling fortification, and not to make any thing more than there is already to it : That in cafe they 
 do as atorcl.iid, l.t them receive no obftiudions. The ground without the city, towards Nur- 
 boHa Gate, in the town of Boomkcy, being taken in at the walling of the city round ; inflead of 
 which ground, that they buy 150 Ha^aes of ground towards Autua^for which rcafon this Hufbull- 
 hjokuni i^ iflued our ; that conformable to the great command, you let them have the houfc to 
 repair on the tern.s as aforefaid, and 150 Bagaes of ground for a houfe and garden, whith they 
 buying, let them have according to ancient cuitom, and receive no molertation. Regard this 
 well.— Written the 9th of the Moon Zeelhedge, the 5ih year of his Majelly's rei"n. 
 
 N' 12. Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbollmoolk) prime minifter • 
 ihc Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulia Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth; as follovveth : 
 To all Muifuddys in government, that are at prefent, or hereafter may Come in Bengal, at 
 Currcemahaud'; Know yee. That at this inftant Mr. John Coja Surhaud and Mr. Srcvenlon 'for 
 and in jehalf of <he Englifli Company, have, through interccffions of the hi^h niinilters, pre- 
 fented their ptti'.iOn to his Imperial Majc-ftv ; fctting forth, that formerly in the mints of Raja- 
 mall and Duica, the Company's gold and filver were coined. It is now fome time lince that at 
 Curreemabaiid f Muxoodavad) the mint has been fettled ; they hope, according to former cuftom 
 to iiave the privilege of criining the Cornpany's money there, and that the mint Mutfuddys make 
 no unaccuftomary demands ; and that in the feafon, when other merchants money ate coinipn- 
 they may have .three days in the week for coining of the Company's money. It is commanJtfd'' 
 that you acci)rding!y fettle; for which reafon this Hufbullhookum is wrote ; that you do re- 
 cording to former cuftom, fettle the coining of the Company's gold and filver in the mint of 
 Currecmabauci, and in the feafon when other merchants goods is coined, if it be not af^ainft the 
 King's intercft, let them have three days in the week. Regard this well.— Written the yih of 
 the moon Zeelhedge, the 5th year of his Majefty's reign. 
 
 N* 13. Copy "of a HuftullhooTcum under the fca! of the fCootbullmoolk) prime minifter 
 the Lord hi.!;h treafurer Syad Abidulia Caun ; the valiant, the viftorious in battle Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth, as followeth : 
 To all Mutfuddys in government, that at prefent aie, or hereafter may come in the proviflca 
 of Bengal, at the port of Hugely, in the provinces of Behar and Oudeifa ; Know yee, that a^ 
 this time Mr. J.hn Surman Coja Surhaud and Mr. Stevcnfon, for, and in behalf of the' En^lilh 
 Company, have, through interceffions of the high minifters, prefentcd their petition to h'islm- 
 
 ;rial Majefty ;.fetting forth, that throughout the whole empire the Company are cufto.Ti free 
 _.cceptingat thcport of Surat ; and that according to Sultan Azzeim Sha Behauder, his and foil 
 mer funnods they pay a pifhcafll of R' 3000 yearly, in lieu of cuftom at the port of Hugely" 
 They hope, from the Imperial favour, to obtain a gracious funnod according to the tenor of for-' 
 mer funnods. It is accordingly ordered, and they have obtained a gracious Phirmaun ; for whicii' 
 reafon this Hufbullhookum is illuedour, that yon do know, purfuant to the gieat com'niund this 
 nation is free from all cuftom, and that you do let them go on in their mcrcantil-.- :iffair3 wi'thout 
 molcftation, and receive a pilhcalh of R' 3000 annually at Hugely, in lieu of cuftom. Regard 
 this well. VViitten the gth ot the moon Zeelhedge, the 5 year of his Alajefty's reinn.' 
 
 N° 14. Copy of a Husbullhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmoolk) prime minifter- 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulia Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth, as followeth: ' 
 May the honourable Acram Caun live in fafety. 
 At this inltant .Mr. John Surman Coja Surhaud and Mr. Stevcnfon, for and in behalf of the 
 Eiiglifh Company, have, through interceffions of the high minifters, p;efentcd thtir petiton to 
 his Imperial Majcfty ; fetting forth, Th^t in the mints at Rajamall and Dacca, the Conipanv's 
 gold and filver wctc coined ; it is now fome time fince that at Curreemabaud (Muxoodavid) the 
 mint has been fettled ; they hope, according to former cuftom, to have the privile-re „f coinin" 
 the Company's money there ; and that the mint Mutfuddys do not inake any unacctftomary de'^ 
 mands, only taking the mint charge-^ as cuftomnry ; and that in the fealon when other merchants 
 monev are coined, they may have three days in the week for the coining of the Company's mo 
 ncy. 'It is commanded that you accordingly fettle; for which reafon this Husbullhookum is 
 wrote; that you do according to former cuftom icttle the coining of the Company's gold and 
 filver, in the mint at Curreemabaud; and in the feafon of coining of other merchants money 
 if it be not againft the King's mteieft, let them have three days in the week. Rec.jrd this w 11 
 Written the 9th of the moon Zeelhedge, the 5tl) year of his Majefty's rci^^n. " *" ' 
 
 N* 15. Copy of a Husbullhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmoolk) prime minifter • 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulia Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth : ' 
 To all Mutfuddys in government, that are at prefent, or hereafter mav come at Az/ec 
 
 mabaud (Patna) in the province of Behar; Know yee, at this time Mr. John Surman Co'' 
 Surhaud and- Mr. Stcvcnlbn, for and in behalf of the Engllfti Company, have, throusih inter' 
 
 ^petition to his Imperial M.jefty ; fetting forth'.
 
 ( S2 ) 
 
 That at the plac.3 aforcfaid it is innie time fiiice the Englifli faclory h^s been in a hired houfe ; 
 they hope for the houfe of iVkcrmu/,/.utf;r, which being coiiii'.cated to the Kin2, may be granted 
 for their rcfidcnce. It is commanded that you be wrote to, if the faid houfe is confilcatcd^ 
 that you let them have it for their refidence ; they are not, at the repairing of it, to build bull- 
 works, or any thing like rortihcation>, for that is forbidden by his Majefty ; for which reafon 
 this HuibulUiookuin is illued out ; that you do act purfuant to the great cominand. Regard 
 this well.— Written the 9U1 of the mooii Zeelhedge, the 5th year of his Majefty's reign. 
 
 N' 16. Copy of a Hufburhookum, under the feal of the (CootbuUmoolk) prime minifler ; 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the vitStorious in battle. Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth j as foUoweth : 
 To all Mutfuddys in government, that are at prefent, or hereafter may come at the port of 
 Chittigoam, at the port of Ganj^am, 6cc. Ports in all provinces chrouijhout the whole Empire ; 
 Know yee, at this inftant Mr. John Surman Coja Surhaud and Air. Stevenfon, have, through 
 interceflions of the high miiiiliers, preftrii.ed iheir petition to his Imperial Majefty ; fctting forth. 
 That it fometimes h"appens Engiifh (hips meeting with fto/nii, are forced into ports, and drove 
 aftiore and wrecked ; the Governors of thole ports, unjuftly, in fome places, feize on all the 
 woods, and in other places demand a quarter part falvagc ; they hope for orders to be gi^'cn^ 
 commanding you to forbear molciting and dcing them injuitice upon any account whatfoevrr ; 
 but, on the contrary, to aJuft and help them as much as you can. It is commarded, that thefe 
 people havin<T their failcjries in fcveral poirs of the Empire, and ccrr.merce to the pbcc of the 
 royal refidence; and having, by particular kmgly favours, obtained Phirmauns cuftom free; that 
 in the falviri" of their goodi and in fli::wing them favour, there be duly and particular care taken ; 
 for which reafon this Husbullhoukum is ilfued out ; that ycu, purfuar.t to the great command, 
 do not molelt and unjulUy feize on their goods ; but on the contrary, affift and (hew them fa- 
 vour. Rei'ard this well. — Written the 9th of the moon Zeelhedge, the 5th year of his Ma- 
 jelty's reign. 
 
 "N" 17. Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the feal of the (CootbuUmoolk) prime minifler; 
 the Lord high treafurer byad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle. Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth; as followeth : 
 
 May the hoi^ourable SaduttuLla Caun live in fafety. 
 At this inftant Mr. John Surman Coja Surhaud and Mr. Stevenfon, for and in behalf of the 
 Engiifh Company, hath, through interccfTions of the high miniflers, prefented their petition to 
 his Imperial Majefty ; fetting forth, That the Zemcendars at the port of Cuddalore, in the war 
 of Chin^Jee, did fend powder, &c. to the affiftance of the rebels, for which reafon, at that in- 
 (tant, purfuant to Aurengzeb'e orders, they bought Cuddalore, Sic. other towns, by which means 
 the pafi'ages to the rebels might be ftopt ; at prelcnt fevcral rebellious Zemeendars moleft and give 
 them much trouble there; they hope orders may be given you, commanding that you alTift 
 thern, that they may be able to punifh fuch rebels. It is according commanded ; for which 
 reafon this is wrote, conformable to the great command, that you aft purfuant to the great 
 command, when thefe peopl« endeavours to punifh fuch rebels, to help and give them your 
 duly affiftance. Regard this well. — Written the 9th of the moon Zeelhedge, the 5th year of 
 his Majelly's reign. 
 
 N° 18. Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the feal of the (CootbuUmoolk) prime mlnifter i 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the vidlorious in battle. Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth ; a? followeth : 
 A'lay the honourable Sadjttalla Caun live in fafety. 
 At this inftant Mr. John Surman Coj.i Surhaud and Mr. Stevenfon, for and in behalf of the 
 Englilh Company, hath, through interceffion of the high minifters, prefented their petition to 
 his Imperial Majefty ; fetting forth. That throughout the whole Empire, the Company are cuftom 
 free at Chinapatam (Madrafs) in the province of Hyderabaud, from the very firft fettling a fac- 
 tory there, pay annually into the treafury the fum Pag' 1200; they hope it may be continued 
 according to ancient ufage. It is found by the King's books that at Chinapatam they do pay 
 the aforcfaid fum into the treafury. It is commanded, that it be there according to ancient 
 cuftom ; and they have obtained a gracious Phirmaun ; for which reafon this Husbulihookum is 
 ifl'ued ; that you, purfuant to the great command, do know that thefe people are cuftom free, 
 and not upon any account whatfoe»er molelt them, and receive at Chinapatam into the treafury 
 the fum 1200 Pag' according to former cuftom. Regard this well. — Written the 9th of the 
 moon Zeelhedge, the 5th year cf his Majefty 's reij^n. 
 
 N" ig. Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the feal of the (CootbuUmoolk) prime minifter; 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun : the valiant, the vidorious in battle. Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth : 
 To all Mutfuddys in government, that are at prefent, or hereafter may come in the province 
 of Hyderabaud ; Know yee, that at this time Mr. John Surman Coja Surhaud and Mr. Ste- 
 venfon, for and in behalf of the Englifli Company, hith, through interceflions of the high mi- 
 nifters, prefented their petition to his Imperial Majefty ; fctting forth, That the Zenjeendars, 
 at the port of Cuddalore in the war of Chingee, did fend powder, &c. to the affiftance of the 
 rebels ; for which reafon, at that inftant, purfuant to Aurengzeb's orders, they bought Cudda- 
 lore,
 
 ( S3 ) 
 
 lore, &c. other towns, by which means the pafugcs to the rebels might be ftopt ; at prereiitj 
 fevcral Zemeendars moleft and give them much trouble there ; they hope orders may be "iven 
 you, commanding that you afiilt them, that they may be able to punifh fuch rebels. It fs ac- 
 cordingly commanded ; tor which reaCon this is wrote, conformable to the great command, that 
 you ad: purfuant to the great command; when thcCe people endeavours to punifti i'uch rebels 
 to help and give them your duly amilance. Regard thib well.— Written the 9th of the mooii 
 Zeelhed-e, the 5th year of his WajcHy's reign. 
 
 N** 20. Copy of a riufbullhookum, under the feal of the (CootbuIImoolk) prime miniflcr ; 
 the Lord high tieafurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle General 
 of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth : 
 May the honourable Anverrudc-e Caun live in fafety. 
 
 At ihi;, inltant Mr. John Surman Cuja Surhaud and Mr. Stcvenfon, for and in behalf of ths 
 Englifh Company, hath through interceffions of the high miniilers, prefented their petition to 
 his Imp.rial Majefty ; fetting forth, that the ifland of J3ivii in rhe Tea, near the port of Metch- 
 lipatam, in polleflion of Aberam Palligar, a rebell, faid rcbell never payinn; the rent of faid 
 ifland, which amounts to Pjg' 7COO per annum j in cafe the renting of it be granted the Com- 
 pany, they w',11 fettle a factory, and inhabit, to the great improvement of it ; by which means 
 merchants will be encouraged to go backwards and forwards to Metchlipatam. It is accordingly 
 granted ; for which rcafon this Hulbullhookum i.s ifiued out, that you do, purfuant to the fireat 
 commind, let the Company have the renting of faid ilLiid, and receive annually into the trea- 
 fury the accultomary rent. Regard this well. — Written tiie 9th of the mo^n Zeclhedo-e the < 
 year ot his Majcfty's reign. '' ' 
 
 N' 21. Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the fcal of the (CootbuIImoolk) prime nilnifter- 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, ths viclorious in battle. Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth ; as followeth : 
 To all MutfudJys in government, that at prcfent arc, or hereafter may come in the province 
 of Hyder Abaud : Know yee, that at this inliant Mr. John Surrnan Coja Surhaud and Mr. Ste- 
 venfon, for and in behalf of the Englifh Company, hath, tliruugh inrcrceilions of the high mini- 
 flers, prefented their petition to his Imperial Majefty ; letting forth, that at the port ofVizai'a- 
 patam the Company have a fadory for Vizagapatam, and 4 other towns near the faitory, tlTcy 
 pay annually the accuftomed rent of R> 4862 into the treafury of Sicca Cool Pcrwanna and VVood- 
 2punda, two towns, which pay rupees 900 yearly rent, being too far from the faclory, they delire 
 may be returned. It is commanded, that of the 5 towns, thoie two which they defire to rc- 
 linquiih be taken back ; and that the other three remain in their poffjffion as formerly ; the/ 
 have obtained a gracious phirmaun ; for which reafon this Hulbullhookum is iflued out' that 
 you do, purfuant to the great command, let three of the five towns remain in their hands' and 
 receive the accuftomed renttrcm them ; and the other two, which amounts to R' 900. take back 
 into the culfa. Regard this well. — Written the g^h of the moon Zeelhedge, the 5 year of his 
 Majcfty's reign 
 
 N** 22. Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the feal of the (CootbuIImoolk) prime miniftcr • 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle. Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth; as followeth : 
 To all Mutfuddys in government, that are at prefent, or hereafter may come in the province 
 of Hydcr Abaud ; know yee, that at this inftant Mr. John Surman C<ja Sjihaud and Mr. Ste- 
 venfon, for and in behalf of the Englifh Company, hath, through jjiterce/nons of the hi"h mini- 
 fter-s prefented their petition to his Imperial Majefty ; fetting forth, that at the time oPthc war 
 of Chingee, for affifting the Kmg's camp with cannon and provilions, as a reward (or which fer- 
 vicc, Arengzeb gave the Englifh Company a prefent of five towns, Trivatore, &:c. which re- 
 mained in their pofTeflion for a long time, it is now the third year fince the Kini-^'s Mutfuddys 
 there has feized on them : That they aflifted againft the competitor Jahaundar Sha, and acted in 
 Hugly purfuant to orders, in helping ZeaudeCaun with powder, lead, &c. ; they hope they may 
 be re-granted them. It is commanded that they be, according as in the days ofAu^en^zeb- 
 for which reafon this Hufbullhookum is illued out ; that you do let the faid towns remain m the 
 Company's pofTciTion as in the days of Aurengzcb. Pv.egard this well. — 'Written the 9th of the 
 moon Zeelhedge, the 5 year of his Majcfty's reign. 
 
 N" 23. Copy of a Huftjullhookum, under the feal of the (CootbuIImoolk) prime niinifter j 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the vicfonou:, m battle, Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, friend full of truth; as followeth : 
 To all iMutfuddys in government, that are at prefent, or hereafter may come in the province 
 of Hyder Abaud, at the port of Mctchlipatam in the faid province ; know yee, by thefe prcfents, 
 that Mr. John Surman Coja Surhaud and Mr. Stcvenfon, fcr and in behalf of the Ennlifh Com- 
 pany, hath, through intercelfions of the high nunift<.rs, prefented their petition to his Imperial 
 Majefty; fetting forth, that the iiland of Divii, in the fea, near the abovcfaid port, in poftcllion of 
 Aberam Pulligar, a rebell, faid rebi.ll never paying the rent of f.iid ifland, which amounis to 
 Pa' 7000. per annum. In cafe the renting of it be granted the Company, they will fettle a fac- 
 tory, and inhabit there, to the great improvement of it; whereby merchants will be encouraucd 
 
 ""to
 
 ( 84 ) 
 
 to <^o backwaids anJ forwards to MetcVilipatam. It is commanded accordingly ; for which rea- 
 foa this Hulbullhookum is iflued out ; that you do, purfuant to the great command, let the 
 Company have the reniing of faid ifland, and receive annually the accultomed rent in the trea- 
 lury. Regard this well.— Written the 9th of the moon Zeelhedge, the 5 year of his Majelly's 
 reign. 
 
 N'' 24. Copy of a Hufbullhockum, under the fcal of the (Cootbullmoolk) prime minifler; 
 
 the Lord hi"h ireafurer tiyad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the viclorious in battle, General 
 
 of the horl'e, tiiend full of truth ; as followeth : 
 
 May the honourable Saduttulla Caun live in fafety. 
 At thismrtant Mr. John Suiman Coja Surhaud and Mr. Steverifon, for and in behalf of the En- 
 '•lifli Company, hath, throujih intcrceflions of the high minifters, prcfented their petition to his 
 fmpL-rial Majeily ; fetting forth. That at the war of Chingee, for affilting the King's camp with 
 cannon and piovilions, as a reward tor which fervice, Auicngzeb gave the Company aprefentof 
 five towns, Trivatore, kc. which remained in their polielfion for a lon^ time ; that it is now 
 the third \earllnce the Kind's Mutfuddys have fcized on them ; and the) jffiited againft the com- 
 petitor Jahaundar Sha, and act.d in Hugly purfuant to orders, in help ng Zeaudecaun with pow- 
 der lead, tvc. they hope thty may be re-granted them. It is con manded that they be accord- 
 iiicr as m the days of AurmLZeb; for which reaion this Hufliu'lho-ikum is iflued out ; that 
 you do let the laid towns remain in the Compiiiy's poflefTwn, as in the days of Arengzeb. 
 Regard this well. — Written the 9th of the moon Zeelhedge, the 5 yc' oNiis Majeity's reign. 
 
 K^ 25. Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the feal of the (CootbullmoHk) prime minifter j 
 the Lord hi Ji treai'urcr S\ id Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle, general 
 of the horit, liiend full ot truth ; as followcih : 
 
 To .ill Mutfuddvs that are at prefcnt, 01 here.iiicr may come in the province of Hyder^ibaud ; 
 Know }ce, by thde prefents, that Mr. John Surm.m Co]d Surhiud and Mr. Stevenfon, for and 
 in behalf of the Englilh Company, hath, through ii:terceflir.ns of the hi^h miiiilfers, prcfented 
 their petition to his Imperial Majefty ; fetting torth, that throughout the empire, the Company 
 are cuftom free at Chinapatam (Madrai's) in the province of H)deriib..ud from the very firft, and 
 fctllint' a fadtory there, pay annually into the trea ury the fums P.i' 1200 ; th.y hope it may be 
 continued as formerly. It is found by the King's books, that ai Chinapatam they do puntElually 
 pay the aforefaid fum into the trealury. It is commanded, tha' it be there according to ancient 
 cuftom, and they have obtained a gracious Phirmaun ; for which reafon this Hufbullhoukhum is 
 jH'ued out ; that you, purfuant to the great command, do know that thefe people are cuftom free, 
 and not upon any account whatfoever moleft them ; and receive at Chinapatam, into the trea- 
 fury, the fum Pa' 1200 according to former cuftom. Regard this well. — Written the 9th of the 
 moon Zeelhedge, the 5 year of his Majeity's reign, 
 
 A letter from Coja Surhaud, at Dilly, to the honourable Robert Hedges, Efquire, Prefl- 
 dent and Governor of Fort William. Received March 1717. 
 I now fend inclofed copies of three phirmauns come out, figned by the king ; alfo copies of 
 thirty husbullhookums ; by perufing of which you will obferve the pofture of our negotiation, 
 and that all the Company's buhnefs is effeded : That I have performed what bufmefs of the Com- 
 pany was incumbent on me ; which is plainly demonftrated by the copies herewith fent. What 
 more ftiall occur, I fhall advifc of by another CoITid, and fend fecond copies of all the inclol'ed 
 papers. There is two perwannas, one to be directed to the Duan of Hyderabaud, concerning 
 Divii ifland, and the other relating to \'izagapatam, to be dirciSted to the Mutfuddys of Sicca 
 Cool, which are not yet wrote, becaufe their names are not yet known ; but to-morrow or 
 next day their names will be known, when the perwannas will be wrote ; and likewife what is 
 to be wrote on the back of two other perwannas. 28 Alaharan, the 5 year. 
 
 A letter from Coja Surhaud to the honourable Robert Hedges, Efquire, Prefident and Go- 
 vernor of Fort'William. Received the 26th March, 17 17. 
 Under the 28th of the moon Maharum, the 5 year of his Majeity's reign, inclofed I fend foul 
 copies of three phirmauns and 30 perw.:nnas, which at that time were not quite compleated j 
 fince which the three phirmauns are wrote over fair, fealed and figned by the King, and only 
 waits for the Vizier's affixing his leal on them to compleat them, which I hope in God will be 
 in lefs than ten days time, when (hall get attefted copies under the Cauzee's feal, and forward 
 ihem to vou, till then reft with fatisfaction ; 25 perwannas being finiflied j inclofed comes co- 
 * pies of them under the Cauzee's feal, which I hope will come fafc to you ; the remainder 7 per- 
 wannas are in the hands of Ray Bullihund Duan Choolfa, which I hope in God in . . 
 days more will alio be finifhed. 1 have ai^cd in the Company's aftairs with my utmoft care and 
 diligence, and have performed more than were incumbent on me. Thole pcrfons who talked 
 and wrote about me are fruftrated in their notions concerning me, which I hope, when it pleafes 
 God that I arrive with you, to give a clear demonftration of. 
 
 Bengali, Behar, and Oudeifa (Orixa) Phirmaun. 
 
 To all Governors and their AlTiltants, Intelligencers, Jageerdars, Phowfdars, Colleflors, 
 Guardians of the ways, ktcpets of paflagcs, and Zcmcendars, that are at prclent, or hereafter 
 
 may
 
 ( 85 ) 
 
 may come in the provinces of Bengali, Behar, and Oudeiia fOrixa) at the port of Husly, &c 
 ports in the provinces aforef.ud ; by thel'e prefcnts. Know yee, fiom the favour of thelfm'pcrial 
 Majt-Hv, That at this time of conqueft, and in this flourifliinj; reign, Mr. John Surman and 
 Coja Surhaud, goniartitahs (factors) of the Enghfti Company, hath humbly prefcnted their pe- 
 tition ; ratling f Kih, that according to Sultan Azzem Sha Behauder, his and former funnods 
 they are free of culloms, throughout the whole conquered Empire, the port of Surac excepted -' 
 and that they do annually pay into the treafury, at the port of Hugly, a pifticalh of three thou'- 
 fand rupees in lieu of cuftoms, they liope that according to the tenor of former funnods, they 
 may be favoured with a gracious phirmaun confirming them. Commanded and ordered ' That 
 all tneir mercantile atfair-', together with their gomalhtahs (factors) have free liberty in all Su- 
 balhips to pafs and repafs to and Iro, ei:ber by land or water, in any port or diftrid, throu<Thout 
 the feveral provinces ahovefaid, and know they are cuftom free, that they have full powc° and 
 libertv to buy and fell, at iheir wi!l and pleafure, and that there yearly be received into the trea- 
 fury a piilicilh of thr^e thoul'and rupees, as nave been cuftomiry heretofore; that, if in any 
 place, or at any ti nc, rohberes are committed on their goods, they be aififted in the wstting of 
 them again ; that the robbers be brought to juftice, and the goods delivered to the proprietors of 
 them, in whatfoever place they have a mind to fettle a fadtory, fairly to buy and fell roods in 
 they nave liberty, and be alfiited ; thit on whomfoever merchanrs, weavers, &c. they li.ive any 
 de:iiands on w.i tfoevef account, let them be aided, and their debtors biou'rht to come to a true 
 and fair account, and be made to give their gomalhtahs (factors) their right and juit demands ; 
 that no peiTo'i be luffered to injure and moleit their gomalhtahs fl.ict)rs) wrongialiv and un- 
 juftly ; and ibr cultoms on hired boats (Cutbarrah) &c. belonging to them, that they be not in 
 any manner mo'elled or obilruiled. I'hey further petition, that if the Petty Duans of Subah- 
 fhips demand Tighc of the original funnods and perwaniias, under the feals of the Duans and Su- 
 bas, the original funnods cannot poflibly be produced in any place without a cie.tt deal of diffi- 
 culty, they defirc that a copy, from under the feal of the chief Cauzee, beVufncienc iicht of 
 the original lunnods not being demanded, nor they forced to take funnods and pcrwannas under 
 the Daan and Suba, their leals ; that the renting of Calcutta, Sootuluta, and Govindpore in 
 the Purgana of Ameirabaud, &c. in Bengal, were formerly granted them, and bought by con- 
 fent from the Zemeendars of them, and are now in Company's poilcflion, for which thev yearly 
 pay the fum R' 1195. 6-*; that thirty-eight towns more, amounting to R- 8121. 8. adjoining 
 to the aforefaid towns, which they hope the renting of may be granted and added to the others 
 they are already poflefled of; that th.-y pay annually the fame amount ot them ; commandeJ 
 the copy under the feal of the chief Cauzee be regarded ; that the old towns formerly bought 
 by them, remiin in their hands as heretofore; and that thev have the renting jf the adjicent 
 towns petitioned for, which they are to buy from the refpeiEtive owners of them, and that the 
 Duan Suba give pcrmiffion : They (till petition. That from the reign of A'irenczeb, IMadrafs 
 coin were received into the treafuries of Suba'.ifliips for under value, and are ftill ;^notwith(land- 
 ing they are full a-i valuable as Surat rupcei are, whereby they are great lofers ; thev hope the 
 Imperial order may be given for thjm to be received into tiie treafuncs as Surat rupees are, in 
 cafe they are as good ; that any peifon, being fervant to the Company, elopi. g from them, 
 froai whom debts and accounts are due, they defire, that whofoever fo dcfertf, be delivered back 
 to the chief of their fadtory ; that their gomaflitahs and fervanis are molcfted and troabled for 
 Phowfderry (abvabmumnua), Izc. Impofitions which they requeft they may be exempted from. 
 Commanded and ordered, that from the 5th year of this blelTed reign, if Madrafi rupers are madf 
 the fame goodncfs with Surat ficcas, there be no difcount on t lem ; That whofoever of the 
 Company's fervants, being debtors, defert them, fcize them, and deliver them to the chief of 
 their fai^ory ; that they be not molelted for Phirmau/lis (abvabmumnua), &c. impofitions. 
 They petition, That in Bengal, Behar, and Oudeifa (Urixa) the Company have fadlories, and 
 that in other places they likewife defign to fettle factories; they accordingly delirc, that in anv 
 place where they have a mind to fettle factories, they may have forty bcuaes of irround given 
 for the fame; that it often happens fhips at fea meet with tempelfuous winds, ami are forced into 
 ports, and are fometimcs drove afborc and wrecked, the Governors of ports injurioully feize on 
 the cargoes of them, and in fome places demand a quarter part falvagc ; that on the iiland of 
 Bombay, belonging to the Englifh, European ficcas are current ; they requeft, that, according 
 to the cuflom of Madrafs, they may at Bombay coin ficcas. ConimanJcd and ordered, that 
 according to cuftom of their factories in other Subahftiips, execute thefc people, havin' their 
 factories in feveral parts of the kingdom, and commerce to the place of the r^yal refidence, and 
 have obtained very favourable Phiimauns cuftom free ; let there be particular care taken, thar 
 there be duly afiiftancc given them about goods and v/rccks, on all occalions, on the ifland ol 
 Bombay; let there be the glorious ftamp on the ficcas coined there, palling them current, as all 
 other ficcas throughout the v/hole Empire. To all thtfc tender punduarobedicnce, obfervin-- 
 and acting purfuant to the tenor of this gracious Phirmaun, and not contrary in any refpecl what- 
 foever, nor demand yearly new funnods. Regard this particularly well. — Written the 27111 of 
 the moon Mohunum, in the 5th year of this glorious and ever happy reign. 
 
 Hydcrab.iud (Madrafs) Phirmaun. 
 To all Governors, and their Aiiiftants, Intelligencerb, Jageerdars, Phowfdars, Collectors, 
 and Zemeendars, that aie at prefent, or hereafter may come, in the province of Myderahaud. 
 Know yee, by thefe prcfeius, liom the favour of the Imperial throne, and th it at th s time of 
 
 * ton-
 
 ( S6 ) 
 
 conqueO-, and in this flourifhiiig reign, Mr. John Surman, and Coja Surhaud, Goma&tas (fac- 
 tors of the En 'lifn Company, hath humbly prefcnted tlieir petition ; fetting forth, that through- 
 out the ports of Hyderab^ud, th- Company arecultom free, and at(Madrals) Chinapatam, they 
 nav I'a"' 1200 annually in the treafury ; they deftre a gracious Phirmaun, that it may be at tha: 
 port a^°cullomary heretofore; and it accordingly appears, by the King's books, that they do 
 nunctually pay the abovefaid fum, at Chinapatam, into the treafury. Commanded and ordered, 
 that it be according to ancient cultom: Their CJomafhtahs (factors) goinj; backwards and for- 
 wards with their goods and neceflarics throughout all the ports of all Subalhips, either by land 
 or water, know, they are cultom free ; buying and felling, at their will and plcafurc, let them 
 receive MO obttruaions ; that Pag' i2CO at Chinapatam, be received as cuftomary heretofore, 
 and ihat they be called upon for no other acccint whatfoever ; if at any timt, and in any place, 
 itihouid happen any thing belonging to the Engl ih be fh)!e, thoroughly aiFill in the regetting 
 of it punilhipr the robbers according to jufticc, return the good, to the right owners of them. 
 In whatfoeverVace they have a mind to f-ttle iactory to buy and fell go .J,, m that they have 
 free libcrtv, and be aflilled upon ail fair and julf accounts. On whoevei merchants, &c. they 
 have any demands, upon whatfoever accc.nt, they be affifted, and their debtors be brought to 
 cometo a true and fair account; ad that they be made U give t.ieir Goniafhtahs thdrjull de- 
 man Is not fuffering any perfon to moleft or huit their Gomallitahs wrongfu ly. They further 
 petition, that at the^war of Chingee, for affiding in fending cannon and provifions. Sic. to the 
 Kind's camp, as a reward for th'eir fcrvicc, Aurengzeb gave the Con.pany five t.w.'is, 7'riva- 
 tore'^&c. which remained in their poileffio.! for a long t.me; that it is now three years lince the 
 Kin'-^'s Mududdys (officers) there has feized on them. In thi-. glorious reign, that they affifted 
 aeainft the Pretender jahun Dar Sha, in aaing in Hugly purfuani .o the Imperial orders, in help- 
 imr Z'-audecaun with lead, powder, &c. and uling their utmoft eiideavou.-s, they hope they 
 may be returned to their polleflions as formerly. Commanded and ordered, that as in the time 
 ofAuren^zeb, polTeffion be given them. They a'fo petition, that the Company have a fettle- 
 ment at the port of Vizagapatam, for which and four towns more, near their factory, they pay 
 annually k' 4862. into the treafury of Sicca Cool, according to former rights, and among the 
 towns aforefaid, Purwanna and Wooda Punda, two village, which pay K'goo. yearly rent, 
 bein<'toofar from the fadtory, they defire may be returned. Commanded and ordered, that of 
 the five towns, thole which they dehre to relinquifh be taken back, and that the other three re- 
 main in their polTcflion as heretofore. They likewife petition, that the petty duans of fubafhips 
 demand fK'ht of the original funnods and perwannahs, under the feals of the Duans and Subas ; 
 that thcorfginal funnods'cannot p .fiible be produced in every place without a great deal of diffi- 
 culty ; they humbly requeft, that a copy from under the Ceal of the Cauzee be fufScient, and no 
 demands made for fight of the original funnods, nor the Duan and Suba infiit, and give another 
 thereby ; that in the ifland of Bornbay, belonging to the Englifh, European ficcas are current; 
 they hope from the Imperial favour, that, according to the cuftom of Chinapatam, there be 
 coined, at Bombay, iiccas ; that fervnnts belonging to the Company, becoming debtors, d 
 
 /- .1 • A^r.m rl-nf ftipw ij'hr. ffpfprts. hp rpturned hack rn the rnicf nf rhoir f^A^.. 
 
 ferting from them, defire that they who deferts, be returned back to the cnief of their fa£tory ; 
 that the Gomalhtahs, and dealers of the Company, are much troubled for Phowfdaries (abvab- 
 mumnua) &c. Impofitions which they requeft may be repealed. Commanded and ordered, that 
 a copy from under the feal of the chief Cauzee be fufficient ; that on the ifland of Bombay, ficcas 
 coined according to thole of the empire pafs current throughout the whole empire, as all other 
 iccas do ; that whofoever of the Company's fervants, being debtos, want to elope, feize them 
 and deliver them back to the chief of their fadtory, and for that which is forbidden, phowfdarry 
 (abvabmumnua) they be notmolcftcd. They petition, that Chinapatam ficcas are received into 
 treafuries of all Subafhips with fome difcount on them, notwithilanding they are the fame filver 
 as thofc coined at the port of Surat, by which they fuftain great lofs ; they hope, if in cafe they 
 are of the fame goodnefs as thofe of Surat, orders may be given, that they be received into the 
 treafuries as Surat, &c. ficcas are ; that in Bengal, Bahar, Oudeifa, at Madrafs, Vizagapatam, 
 Sec. the Company have fadtories ; and that in other places they may likewife fettle fadlories ; 
 they hope, that in whatever place they do fettle a faftory, they may have forty begaes of ground 
 given them for the fame ; that fhips at fea happening to meet with tempeftuous winds, are fome- 
 times obliged to run afhore, and are wrecked, the Governo.-s of ports unjufily leize on the ca.--- 
 croes of them, and in fome places demand a quarter part falvage. Commanded and ordered. 
 That from the 5th year of this glorious reign, if Madrafs ficcas are made the fame finenefs and 
 goodnefs with Surat ficcas, there be no difcount on them ; that they have according to cuftom 
 of their fadories, in other Subahfhips. Thefe people, having their factories in fevcral ports of 
 the kingdom, and commerce to the place of the royal refidence, and have obtained favourable 
 Phirmauns, cuftom free ; take particular care, that there be due afTiftance given them about 
 POods and wrecks. On all occafions render pundlual obedience to all thefe orders contained in 
 this gracious Phirmaun, forbearing to adt contrary, and not demand annually new Sunnods. 
 Regard this particularly well. Written the 2d of the moon JafFar, in the 5 year of this gra- 
 cious reign. 
 
 Ahomed Abaud (Surat) Phirmaun. 
 
 To all Governors and their Affiftants, Intelligencers ; to all Jagecrdars, Phowfdars, Colledlors, 
 
 Guardians of the ways. Keepers of pafijges, and Zemeendars, that are at prefeit, or hereafter 
 
 may come in the province of Ahomed Abaud, at the fortunate port of Surar, at Coyeit , Be in 
 
 hopes of the Imperial favour, and know yee, by thefe prei'ents, that at this time of conqueft, 
 
 and
 
 ( S7 ) 
 
 and in this viilorious reijn, Mr. John Surman and Coja Surhaud, Gomafhtahs (Fadorsl of 
 the E ' liih, hath prelbnted tlK-ir petition ; Cctiing forth. That on the goods of £i;gli(hraen 
 curtoni^ throughout the whole conquered Empire, excepting at the port of Surat, are pardoned' 
 at t'lc faid p"rt ; in the rcign of Sha Jahaun they paid 2 per cent, cuflom, and in the time of 
 Aureiigzeb 3 i per cent, cuftom was leitled, being exculed in all other places ; and in the rei^ii 
 of Sha Aalum 2 | per cent, cuftom was, and is at prefent, paid there, by realon of the op- 
 preffion of the Mutfuddys there, they have been forced, for thele three years, to withdraw their 
 faftory from that place. In the provinces of Behar and Oudeifa, their nation pay no cultom at 
 the port of Hu^lv ; in the fubahfhip of Bengal they annually pay a pifhcafh of three thoufand 
 rupees, in lieu of culi-jm ; they hope to enjoy the privilege according to the culfom ot other 
 ports, at the port of Surat, and pay a yearly pifhcafo inltead of cutlJm ; they are willing and 
 have agreed to pay annually a pifhcafh of ten thoufand rupees. Commanded and ordered. 
 That fincc they allent to pay a yearly pifhcafli of ten thoufand rupees at the port ot Surat re- 
 ceive It, and let them be called upon for no other account whatfoever ; their Gomafhtahs (Vac- 
 tors) going backwards and forwards with their goods and neceiiaries throughout all the ports of 
 this fubahlhip, either by land or w^ter, Know, they arc cuitom free, buying and felling at their 
 will and plealure, let them receive no obftructions. If at any time, and iirany place, it fhould 
 happen that any goods belonging to them fhould be loft:, thoroughly aifi:!: in the getting of them 
 puniihing the rogues according tojullice, and the goods return to the ri-'ht owners ot°thcm • in 
 whatfoever place they have a mind to fettle a factory, to buy and fell goods, in that they have free 
 liberty, and be afTirted upon all fair and juft accounts. On whoever merchants and ethers they 
 have any demands, upon whatfoever account, they be aliirtcd, and their debtors be brought to" 
 come to a true and fair account, and be made to give the Enghfh their jult demands, not fuf- 
 feringany perfon to molelt and injure their Gomiflitahs wrongfully. They further petition, that 
 the Petty Duans of fubahfliips, demand fight of their original funnods aiid perwannas, under the 
 feals of the Duans and Subas ; that the original funnods cannot poffijiy be produced in everv 
 place without a great deal of difficulty ; they requeft, that a copy (rom under the feal of the 
 Cauzee be fufficient, and no demands made for light of the original funn:>d;, nor the Duans 
 and bubihs infiit to give another thereby ; that in the ifland of Bjmbay, bslon^ine to the'En"- 
 !i(h, European coin are current ; thev hope from the imperial favour, that accJrdin.T to the 
 cuftom of Madrafs, there may be coined at Bombay, ficcas ; that fcrvants belon^m^ to the Com- 
 pany, becoming debtors, deferting from them, delire that they who fo defertSj'^be^returned back 
 to the chief of their faitory ; that the Gomaflitahs and dealers of the Company are much trou- 
 bled for Phowfdarry (abvabmumnua), &c. Impofitions which they requelt may be repealed. 
 Commanded and ordered, that a copy, under the chief Cauzee's feal be fufficient j that on the 
 ifland of Bombay liccas coined, according to thofe of this kingdom, pafs c'lrrent throuo-hout 
 the whole Empire, as all other ficcas do ; that whoever of the Cjm^5in>'s fervant% becfmin!; 
 debtors, want to elope, feize them and deliver them back to the cuief of their factory -, and 
 for that which is forbidden (abvabmumnua) Phowfdarry, &c. they be not m jljfteJ. They alfo 
 petition, that in Bengal, Behar, and Oudeifa, the Com,iany have fact )ries ; and that in other 
 places they likewife defign to fettle fadories ; they hope that in an/ place where they fettle a 
 fadtory, 40 begaes of ground may be given them for the fame; Ih.j-w at lea hippenin* to meet 
 with tempeftuous winds, are fometimes obliged to run afhore and are wrecked, the Governors 
 of ports injuiioufly fcize on the goods of them, demanding in fomep'aces a quarter part falva"-e. 
 Commanded and ordered, that they have according to cuftom of their factories in other Su- 
 bahfliips ; thefe people having their factories in feveral ports of the kingdom, and commerce to 
 the place of the royal rclidencc, and have obtained favourable [-"hir.nauns cuitom free • take 
 particular care, that there be due affiftance given them concernin r goo Is and wrecks on all oc- 
 cafions. To all thefe orders render obedience, forbearing to a£l contrary to this gracious phir- 
 maun, nor every year demand new funnods. Regard this particularly well. — Written ihu 4th 
 of the moon SufFar, in the 5th year of this gracious leign. 
 
 A letter from Coja Surhaud, dated the third of the moon Jamadul Ovul, the 6 year of his 
 
 Majefty's reign, to the honourable Robert Hedges, Efquirc, Prelident, &c.' Council. 
 
 Received 7th April, 171 7. 
 
 The 28th of the moon Mohurrum, I fent you by my own Coflids foul copies of three phir- 
 
 mauns, and 30 perwannas, which was not then attefted by the Cauzee ; and under date ot the 
 
 23d of the moon Rubheclllovull, copies of three phirmauns, which only wanted the Vizier's 
 
 feal to be aflixed on them, to have perfected them without the Cauzee's fcal ; and alfo copies of 
 
 25 perwannas, completed and affifted by the Cauzee, were inclofed and forurarded to you by my 
 
 o*n Coflids. 
 
 The 3 phirmauns having the Vizier's feal put on them, has entirely perfected them. I have 
 iuft now received them, copies whereof, under the Cauzee of this place, hi< fcal, 'are this in- 
 Iftant forwarded to you, which I truft will come fafe to your hands, and I con<yratulatc the 
 Company on this occafion. Thanks be to God, the Company's bufinefs is all quite finiflieJ 
 according to their delire. 
 
 The great care and trouble which I have taken in this negotiation to fulfill my promifc to you 
 is inexpreffible ; from the time of Tamerlane to this inftant, no nation have been able to procure 
 fuch a Phirmaun ; three or four times more than what you defired are obt. lined ; what you pro- 
 njil<;d for my gratuity, if you Ihould give me three or four times as much mure, it would not re- 
 
 coii.j>ence
 
 ( 88 ) 
 
 compence my fervtce and care. Now yec may greatly rejoice, fincc you have every thing to your 
 content ; and when I arrive with you, glad me that I may forget the great fatigue and trouble 
 which I have undergone in thii negotiation. The Dutch, and many embaflies which went be- 
 fore have fpent each from 15 to 25 lack of rupees, and not one amongft them all have procured 
 the tenth part of what 1 have. I have aiited in this affair with the utmoit care and induJhy, and 
 have done what I knew through means of my conforts here. I have colt near a lack of rupees ; 
 and all the barcneis which has been done by thofc people, 1 have bore with patience, becaafc 
 the Company's affairs eUe would have been ruined. By God's blefling, all our bufinefs is hap- 
 pily ended, and I hope, God willing', in 15 days mure, to obtain leave, and be on my way to- 
 wards you ; relt with fatisfacbon, and alter my arrival, what more I have to relate will be made 
 known to you ; (ome unfair dealings, which have been done within thefe three years, contiary 
 to our promil'e, which are not requifue that 1 wmc you now, but when I come with you I muit 
 inform you. 
 
 N" 26. Copy of a Husbullhookbum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmoolk) prime minifter ; 
 the Lord high treafury S)ad AhiJuda Caun ; the vaK..nt, the victorious in battle. Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, faitiitul friend j as folioweth : 
 
 May the honourable Afkei L'aun he always in fafety. 
 At this inftanr, Mr. John Surman, Coja Surhaud, and Mr. Stevenfon, for and in behalf cf the 
 Englifli Company, h^th, through the intercefiion> of the high miniltcrs, pr^fented their peuiion 
 to his Imperial Maj.lty ; fctting' forth, ttiat at A7./.ee:nabaud (Patnaj in the pr ivinct of Benar, it 
 is fonKiimc lince the Lngl.fh taciory has been in a hired houle; they hope for the houfe i.fMeer- 
 inuzzufter, which is confilcated to th>t King, to be granted for their rehdence. Jt is commanded 
 that you be writ to, if th„t houfe be confii'cated, that you let them have it to live in; but at the 
 time of repairing it they are not to build buUworlcs, or any thing like fortifications, for that ia 
 forbidden by the King ; for which reafon this Hufbullhookum is lifued out ; that you do ac^ pur- 
 luant to the great command. Regard this well. — Written on the 9th of the moon Zeelhedge, 
 the 5 year of his Majelf y's reign. 
 
 N' 27. Copy of a Husbullhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmoolk) prime minifler ; 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun ; the valiant, the victorious in battle, Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, faithful friend ; as folioweth : 
 To all Mutfuddys (officers) in government, that at prefent are, and hereafter fhall come 
 throughout the provinces of the conquered empire. Know yee, by thefe prefents, that at this 
 time, Mr. John Surman, Coja Surhaud, and Mr. Stevenfon, for and in behalf of the Englifh 
 Company, hath, through the interccflions of the high minifters, prefented their petition to his 
 Imperial Majefty ; requefting, that a gracious order may be given you, commanding, that ia 
 cafe any of the Company's fervants become debtors, and elope from them, that you feize and 
 deliver them back to the chief of the factory. It is accordingly commanded ; for which reafon 
 this Hufbullhookum is iflued out; that you do, purfuant to the great command, in cafe any of the 
 Company's fervants become debtors, and dsfert, feize and deliver them back to the chief of the 
 fa£tory. Regard this pundtually. Written the 9th of the moon Zeelhedge, the 5 year of his 
 Majclly's reign. 
 
 N° 28. Copy of a Husbullhookum, under the feal of the (Cootbullmoolk) prime minifter ; 
 the Lord high treafurer Syad Abidulla Caun; the valiant, the vitStorious in battle. Ge- 
 neral of the horfe, true to his friends; as folioweth : 
 To all Mutfuddys (officers) in government, that at prefent are, or hereafter {hall be, in the 
 province of Bengali; Know yee, by thefe prefents, that at this time Mr. John Surman, Coja 
 Surhaud, and Mr. Stevenfon, for and in behalf of the Englifli Company, hath through the in- 
 terceffions of the high minifters, prefented their petition to his Imperial Majefty; fetting forth, 
 that in the town of Calcutta, in the Purgunna of Ameirabaud, in the province aforefaid, the 
 Englifli have their fadfory, the farming of Calcutta, &c. Three towns they have had for a long 
 time, the rent of which annually being R' 1 195. is duly paid by them; thirty-eight towns more, 
 adjacent to the aforefaid towns, the rent of which amounting to R' 8121. 8', they hope to have 
 the farminiT of them, and they will annually pay the rent thereof according to the ftatives in the 
 King's books ; they likewife defire to have Calcutta called alter his Majclty's great name ; and 
 the other towns to be taken from their feveral purgunnys, and united uito one purgunna. It 
 is commanded that the farming of the towns bought formerly remain in their pofTeffion as here- 
 tofore, and that they have the liberty of farming the other towns petitioned for ; if, according to 
 former cuftoms, they buy them by the afTent of the refpcdtivc owners of them, then you arc to 
 oive permiflion ; for which reafon this Hufbullhookum is ifl'ued out ; that you let them have the 
 farmin" of the former vilLiges and the prefent, purfuant to the great command, accoruing to the 
 lift on the back of this, and take the yearly rent of them into the treafury. Regard this 
 punctually. — Written the 9th of the moon Zeelhcdge the 5th year of his Majefty 's glorious and 
 ever happy reign. 
 
 Lift on the back, of villages in the Purgana of Calcutta, !ic. in the fubafliip of Bengal, 
 according to the petition of John Surman, Cojah Suihaud, and Mr. Stevenfon, the 
 renting of which being granted to the Englifli Company, and the towns which they 
 
 formerly
 
 ( S9 ) 
 
 Formerly bousiht remaining according to ancient cuftom : The other viilaijes petitioned 
 for, it" by the ATun <>t the owners they do buy them according to ancient cuftom 
 give permiffion, and ft trie. The whole amount, is R» 9316. 14. 3. according to the 
 above namrd their pc;iiion ; viz. 
 
 In thePur<;anna, or divlfion of 
 2151 13 3 Manpore — — 
 
 In the Purganna, or divifion of 
 
 j8io 9 6 Nudee — 
 
 In the Purganna, or divifion of 
 869 15 3 Picaun — 
 
 XI Towns 
 
 In the Purg^jiioa, or divilion ot 
 C'cutta — — R 
 
 In the F'li'anna, ordivifi.n of 
 . . ^ei.ibaud — — 
 
 III .1^ Puigaun.i, or aivifinn of 
 Burro — — 
 
 223 
 
 172 
 
 - 4078 
 
 N'lte, That the account of thefe towns are not at court ; therefore accordino- to the account 
 of t^e ojba Books, more oriel's, fettle. 
 
 According to foimer cuftom, the towns of Calcutta, &c. three town; R' 1195. 6; viz. 
 
 In the Purganna ofAmeir Abaud Calcutta, &c. R' 970. 8.; viz. De Calcutta R- 468. q. 
 Sootalutra R' 500. 15. Govindporc R' 224. 14. In the Purganna of Picaun. 
 
 The prelent R' Si2i. 8. 
 In the Puigaiina, or divifion of 
 
 Cj'cutta — ■ — ^ 
 
 In 'h- !■*• rganna, or divifion of 
 
 Ameifdbaud — — 
 
 In the l^urganna, or divilion of 
 
 Eui.'o — — 
 
 The p.irticular account of the villages petitioned for at prefent, according to the lil under the 
 feals of the aforemmi-d perfons, amounting to R' 8121. 8. 3. towns 38 ; vis. 
 
 3. ; viz. 
 
 
 III the Purganna, or divifion of 
 
 
 
 R'2151 
 
 13 3 
 
 Nudde — — 
 In the Purganna, or divifion of 
 
 172 
 
 13 6 
 
 S40 
 
 I 6 
 
 A'lanpore — — - 
 In the Purganna, or divifion of 
 
 223 
 
 7 6 
 
 869 
 
 15 3 
 
 Picaun — — 
 
 3S'63 
 
 5 3 
 
 DuccoiUieedaun R' 426. 9' ; v\t, 
 In the Pur<;:innao( Calcutta — K" 38 
 
 In the Pu'g.uina of Picaun 
 
 8 6 
 12 — 3 
 
 376 
 
 95 3 
 
 61 II 
 216 — 
 
 237 5 
 145 J3 
 
 In the Pur^ i.'na of Ameirabaud — 
 
 Beergee R' 283. 13. 6.; viz. 
 In the Purganna ol Calcutta — 22 6 
 In chePuigannaof Ameirabaub — 45 1 5 
 In the Pur!;anna of Nudes — i 14 
 
 In the Purganna of Picaun — 213 10 
 
 Baudfutteempore R' 127. 2. 6. ; viz. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta — "7 
 In the Purganna of Ameirabaud — 20 
 In the Purganna ol Picaun — 
 
 Sulca R' 277. II. 3. ; viz. 
 In the Purganna of Burro — 
 
 In the Purganna of Pic?.un — 
 
 Hauroo R' 383. 2. 9. ; viz. 
 In the Purganna of Burro — 
 In the Purganna of Picaun — 
 
 Cunde R' 138. 5. 3. ; viz. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta — 
 In the Purganna of Burro — 
 
 Ramkificnpnre R' 169. 14. 9. 
 In the Purganna of Hurro — • 
 In the Purganna of Picaun — 
 
 NautaR- 580. 14. 9. ; 
 In the Purganna of Burro 
 In the Purganna of Picaun 
 
 BillgajavvR' 3i8\ 9'' ; 
 In the Purganna of Picaun 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta 
 
 Oltadnndee R' 314. 14. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta 
 In the Purganna of Picaun 
 
 Congarracofl.i R' 408. 6. 3. ; viz. 
 In the Purganna of NuJce — 170 15 
 lu the Purganna of Picaun — 37 7 
 
 Mecrzapore R' 172. 13 ' 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta 
 In D" Picaun — 
 
 Culiea R' 572. 10. 6. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta — 127 6 
 In the Purganna of Picaun — 445 3 
 
 viz. 
 
 8 
 
 129 
 
 ; viz. 
 
 89 
 
 80 
 
 351 
 
 229 
 
 13 
 
 3"4 
 
 194 
 120 
 
 7 - 
 '4 3 
 
 3 9 
 II - 
 
 13 - 
 I 9 
 
 10 - 
 69 
 
 In the Purganna of Picaun 
 
 In the Purgar.na of Calcutta — 
 
 Sunda R' 648. 9. 3. VI7.. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta — 
 In the Purganna of Picaun — 
 
 Dulunda R' 306. 7. 6. ; viz. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta — 
 D" — D^ Picaun ~ 
 
 Tupfanda R'' 290. 10. 9. ; viz. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta — 
 D' — D" Picaun — 
 
 fvlullea Bulcha Rs 206. 14. 6 ; viz 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta — 
 
 In the Paiganiia of Picaun — 
 
 Currangee R= 89 11. 6.; viz. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta • — 
 D'= — D- Picaun — 
 
 Cullemba Rs 383 8. ; viz. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta — 
 D"^ — D" Picaun — 
 
 Cundullpaudee Rmoi. 13. 6. ; viz. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta — 
 D" — D^ Picaun — 
 
 Amulla Rs 229. 2. 6 ; vi2. 
 In the Purganna of Calcutta — 
 D" _ D° Picaun — 
 
 Duccaneepakpadee, in the Purganna 
 
 1(6 
 
 I q 
 
 62 
 
 H 
 
 62 
 586 
 
 — 3 
 9 - 
 
 III 
 
 6 6 
 
 195 
 
 I - 
 
 73 
 
 8 - 
 
 217 
 z. 
 
 2 9 
 
 31 
 
 II - 
 
 175 
 
 3 6 
 
 14 
 
 13 6 
 
 74 
 
 14 - 
 
 270 
 
 3 3 
 
 i'3 
 
 4 9 
 
 3t 
 
 9 3 
 
 70 
 
 4 3 
 
 61 
 
 167 
 
 9 9 
 8 q 
 
 Ameirabaud 
 
 — '45 
 
 6. ; viz. 
 
 -- 57 
 
 — 115 
 ; viz. 
 
 — 127 
 
 — 445 
 
 15 
 
 Bujjgaree R' 228 13.3.; vi 
 
 Hogulcundce, in the Purgunna of Pi- 
 caun JT^ 
 
 Scmlee, in the Purganna of Manpore 8j 
 Muccaunda, in D" — £)» 118 ._ 
 
 Chapada, in the Purganna of Calcutta 63 10 g 
 Baugharee, in D" — D« 49 8 9 
 
 Arpoolec, in the Purganna Manpore 22 
 Sayalta, in the Purganna of Calcutta ii8 
 Baudfunda, J)" J)» — 
 
 Scepore, in D'-' D" — 
 
 Saidguchcc, in J3" D" — 
 
 Cuftanga, in D"' D" — 
 
 Puitera, in D" Picaun — 
 
 Bauduchneedaun, D^ — 
 
 Ballcallcutta, in Calcutta — 
 
 Chn:upore, in Purganna Ameirabaud 
 
 Z 
 
 40 
 
 4' 
 212 
 
 37 
 
 loi 
 
 125 
 114 
 
 252 
 
 " 3 
 
 15 
 12 9 
 
 n 9 
 
 \l 
 6 6 
 
 3 - 
 14 - 
 
 I 6 
 
 8 
 
 3 
 
 3 6 
 
 8 . 
 
 N° 20
 
 ( 90 ) 
 
 N° 29. Directed to Acram Caun, Duan of Bengal, the fame as the foregoing, word for 
 word, with the lill of the towns on back as the foregoing. 
 
 Perwanna under JafFar Cawn's fcal, obtained by Mr. Samuel Feake, at Coffimbazar. Re- 
 ceived 20th of July 1717 ; as follovveth : 
 May his H.ghnefs, ihc fupport of Nobles, the honourable C.iun Maudee Allec Caun, be 
 always i'ur'roundcJ with his Majefty's favour. ' 
 
 The Vakeel of the Englifh Company has reprefcnted, that Mahomed Sallah Drof^a, of the 
 Cherabaf Conna, does unjultly moull Succada, Gomafhtah of his niaiter, who refidts at Ja- 
 haunc^eernae:ur (Dacca) ; for which rtafon this is wrote ; that if it be true, you bid the .ifore- 
 faid Droga^rbear injurioudy opprefling the E:igli(h Gomaflitahs : But if the ftory fliould be 
 otherwife, tc. you write it. The 3d orShab^un, the 6 year of hi.s Majefty's rei^n. 
 Duftkhut (lun'd.) 
 To thefe people favour and encouragement fliuuld be fliewn, becaufe they are great merchants, 
 and are exalted by their eminent fetvices. 
 
 Perwanna under JafFar Caun's fcal, obtained by Mr. Feake, &c. at Coflimbazar. Re- 
 ceived in Fort W'iiliam the 5th of Oilober, 1717 ; as toilowetli : 
 May his Hi'jhnef', the fupport 01 Nobles, Saltan HufTein Caun, be always furrounded with 
 
 his Majeity'i favour. 
 The Enolifli Company's Vakeel h:is reprefented, that his Matter's Gomafhtah, who have re- 
 fided at Mahanundapore, (Cubordinace to R.,jim.llj for a long while ta buy and fell goods j that 
 your deputy have uujuuly extorted 50 R from laid Gomafhtah} for which this is wrote; that 
 if it be true, you make the faid rupees to be rtfunded to the f.iid Gimafluah, and take his fa- 
 tisfadtory certific.ite and fend it hither: D) you likewife give particulir orders, that nobody mo- 
 left faid Gomafhtah injjricuny, that he may remam there, carrying on with content his bufi- 
 nefs. Retrard this well. ^Vrltten the 26th of the moon Ramazan, the 6 year of his Majefty's 
 reign. 
 
 Tranflate of King Furruckfeer, his Phirmaun, for the honourable Robert Hedges, 
 Efquire, Preiident in Bengal, in anfwer to the petition fent by Mr. John Surman, 
 &c. 
 The moft worthy amongfl your Peers, the great amongfl your brothers, and worthy of my 
 favour, Robert Hedge;, Prefident for the Englifh Company : Be always in hopes of kingly fa- 
 vour ; and know at this time of conquefl, and being conqueror, the petition that defired a Phir- 
 maun for the currency of trade for the Englifh, and pardon of cuftoms, according to ancient 
 ufage, with the pifhcafh, accompanied by Englifh Surman and Serad Armenian to the holy 
 place that carries the enfigns of miracles, whofe height approaches the fkies, is received, and has 
 paft the royal vievv, and the pifhcalh that you fent has been prefented before his facred Majefly, 
 and pleafed him, with his royal acceptance alter the moft holy place, being acquainted of your 
 entire fincerity, and ftrid obedience, out of his Majefty's moft particular favours, have granted 
 Phirmauns, conformable to the petition of the above Serad, for the currency of the Company's 
 trade, and pardon of cuftoms, purfuant to former rule ; you ought, in a high and grateful de- 
 gree, to acknowledge this great royal favour, with a fcrious temper, and perfect fatisfaction ; 
 go on in your bufincfs and merchandize, your upright behaviour and perfect obedience will be a 
 means of your future protection. The 19th day of the moon Jamadullacur j wrote in the fix 
 year of our glorious reign. 
 
 The Vizier's title, which is wrote on the back of the four Phirmauns. 
 Under the protection of the mountain of vaft riches, in whom the King puts his confi- 
 dence ; Chief of the Nobles of the greateft port ; confpicuous among the great ; the 
 great Protestor of the country, and its riches ; the Opener of the way to fortune and 
 riches ; Mafter of the fword and pen ; the Light and Exalter of the ("pear and order; 
 Vizier of a true judgment unalterable; Chief of the country; Prime Minifter, in 
 whofe hands are all power; the Lord High Treafurer, the Valiant, the VjcStorious in 
 battle, faithful Friend ; and the Mirrour of Viziers. 
 
 Copy of a Husbullhookum. 
 An account of the Europeans at Hughly, as reprefented by the government of Hughly to 
 Muxadavad, viz. 
 Its cuftomary, upon every new King's acceflion to the throne, and upon every Subah's and 
 Duan's acceffion, for the Europeans to get new Phirmaunds and new Perwannahs to carry on 
 their bufinefs, and to give a prefent ; for which reafon I fend an account of the nation, that as it 
 is now the time for difpatching their fnips, if they are dealt hard with, it will be for the advantage 
 of the King and Subali ; viz. 
 
 The Englifh, in Aurcngzeb's time, obtained a Phlrmaund, exempting them from all cuftoms, 
 in lieu of which a pifhcafh of three thoufand rupees was fettled, which thev ^uinually pay into 
 the trealury at Hughly, fince which they have not had either Phirmaund or Pcrwannah ; they 
 carry on their mercantile affairs in an unjuft and unprecedented manner, by which the King's 
 
 trea- 
 
 I
 
 ( 9' ) 
 treafury is lefTened ; the Phirmaund they procured in Phiruchfeer's time has never been feen, nor 
 they f'ver had a Per.vannah from the Nabob for carrying on their bufinef<. 
 
 I'nc Dutch, in Aurengzeb's time, obtained a phirmaund, granting leave to trade, paying 34 
 per cent into the treafury at Hughly. In Shaw Allum's time they obtained a phirniaunJ ior 
 pavin.t 2 I per cent, culloms, and they, conformable to which they obtained a perwannah from 
 Jafisr Caiwn, when he was called Muflud Coolie Cawn, by virtue of which they now carry on 
 th^ir buJ.nefs ; befides this, they have had no other new perwannah, nor made any prefent to 
 thr King or Subah. 
 
 Tne French, in Aurengzeb's time, obtained a Phirmaund, alfo the Subah and Duan's per- 
 wannah, and according to the Dutch, they paid four per cent, cuftoms ; and when the Dutch 
 go: tne cjft )rns fettle.l at 2 i per cent, they liksv/ife got a perwannah from the Nabob to pay 
 the fame ; befides which, they had no new Perwannah, nor m de any prefent to the King or 
 Subah : The Oltenders have no Phirmaund ; they have obtained Jaft'er Cawii's Perwannah, by 
 virtue of which they carry on their bufiiicls. 
 
 The Armenians ufed formerly to pay 5 per cent, cuftoms; in Shaw .Allum's time they ob- 
 tained a phirmaund for paying no more than 3 i per cent, and accordint, to which phirmaund 
 they have Jiffier Cawn's perwannih, and now they carry on their bufineis in Calcutta under the 
 Eng.'.ih protecHon, and thofe of them that wants a perwannah for Suratt, comes to Hucxhly and 
 gets one, by wiiich the King is a great fuftorer. 
 
 It has not been cuftomary for Europeans to trade in fait; this year fome of the Englifh have 
 fent laii^e quantities of fait to Patna, without paying the cuftom : it has always been cuftomary 
 for the weavers to pay 5 per cent, on all photaes, beioie they fell any to Europeans, and now 
 the Etiglifla, contrary tb cuftom, irr the adjacent towns of Calcutta, and in Burdivan, buy pho- 
 taes, and carry them, with their dufticks, without paying the ufaal cuftoms ; and upon all 
 goods that are bought and fold in Calcutta, they collect a duty, by which the King is a great 
 fufFerer. 
 
 It has not been cuftomary for the Europeans to traffick in grain, &c. eatables tl'.ey ufed to 
 have allowed them (by leave irom hence) juft a fufficient quantity for their own food ; and the 
 Englifh now buys grain in every place, and tranfports it onboard their fhips, by way of mer- 
 chandize, by which the King is a great fufferer, and grain is made dear and fcarce In this 
 count' y. 
 
 All goods imported formerly by Europeans, ufed to be fold to the P !tna merchants, &:c. who 
 ufed to pay the cuftoms thereon; and for thcfe feveral years the Engiih fend what goods they 
 import to Pama, &c. Aurungs, by which there is no cuftom paid ; here they pay a pifhcafh of 
 rupees three th jafand for the Company and other Englifhrn^n, by whic'i the King is a great fuf • 
 t'erer; and the Dutch, ever fines they have had the cuftom (ctt'ed .it 2 i per cent, fiend their 
 good* to Patna and other places, and do not fell to thofe v/ho ufed 10 pay the cuftom here, by 
 which the King is a great fufFerer. 
 
 Tranfcribcd per T. Fenwick. 
 
 Examined with A. Dawfon. 
 
 Copy of a Duftuck, under the feal of Commordee Caune, grand Vizier, direfted to all 
 pfiowfdars, guardians of the roads, keepers of pail'ages, and Zemindar, in the piovinces 
 of Bengal, Bsharr, and Orixa. 
 Know ye, that the Englifh Company are free of cuftoms, purfuant to the tenor of* the royal 
 phirmaund, in lieu of which they pay an annual pifticaih of three tlmuiaiid rupees into the trea- 
 fury, at the port of Hughly ; and every year, their boats, loaiien with grods, do pafs and repafs 
 throughout the aforementioned provinces ; for which reafon this is wrote, that thcv be not trou- 
 bled .->r molefted for Raudary, kc. but on the contrary, that you pafs thtin through your feveral 
 diftrifts in fafcty. The 27th Shaubaun, the 9th of his iVlajeily's reign. 
 'JVanfcribeei per A. Dawfon. 
 Examined with Sol' Margas. 
 
 Copy of a Hufbullhookum, under the fcal of CommorduJee Caune, Vizier, directed to 
 all Mutfudys prefent .ind to come, in the provinces of Bengal, Beharr, andOiixa. 
 Know ye, that the Englifh Company's Vaqueel has prcl'cnted a petition ; fetting forth, That 
 his mafters have a Phirmaund, exempting thein from ail cuftoms, in lieu of which they annually 
 pay int J the treafury at Hughly a piflicafli of three thoufand rupees : That the Subah and Duan's 
 people, in every Subahfhip, and Phoufdars, Sec. on the roads, moleftaiid trouble them, contrary 
 to the tenor of the royal Phirtnaund : He is in hopes of obtaining a Hufbullhookum, confirming 
 their being free of cufloms, purfuant to the royal Phirmaund. it appears by the books, that in 
 lieu of ihiity tfioufand rupees, which they pay into the treafury at the poit of Hughly, they arc 
 free of all cuftoms; for which reafon they have obtained this Hiifbulihookum, oidcring you to 
 a£t conformable to the ro)al Phirmaund, and in no ways to impede or moklt them. The 17th 
 ot the moon Rajcb, in the gth year of his Majefty's ever happy reign. 
 
 There are three other Perwannahs or Hufbullhookums, of the fame tenor as the foregoing, 
 dircfted to Jalfcicaun, Subah of Bengal, and SufFiagc Caune, Duan of Bengal, and the third 
 to Alteram Caun, Duan of Patna. 
 
 Tian-
 
 ( 92 ) 
 
 Tranfcribed per \V. Davis. 
 Examined with Sol^ Alargas. 
 
 Copy of a Perwannnh, under the fcal of Suffrage Caune, Duan of Bengal, direifled 
 to ail MuU'uddys, prefent and to come, to all Gomaftahs of Jaggers, Pho'.vfdars, Ze-- 
 mindars, Colleclors, and Recorders, in the Provinces of Bengal and Orixa. 
 
 Know ye, that King Furruckfeer's Phirmaund and Perwannahs, granted the Englifli Com- 
 pany, ha:> been p efented by Mr. Sievenfon, by which it is perceivable, that they pay annually 
 a pi'fhcafii oi thice thoufand rupees in the trealury at Hughly, befides w.jich, the) ;iic not to be 
 molefted for any thing more ; and tliac in all places you aflift them in buying ar.d Iciling thcii" 
 {roods ; in cafe they have any account or demands on any weaveis, &c. oblige them to pa) their 
 eomaltdhs ; and not fuffer any body to molcft or impede their gomaftahs, nor trc.uble them on 
 account of their o.vn or hired boats f t Cutbarah : That whofo'^ver of the Company's gomaftahs, 
 bein" debtors, dsfcrt them, feize them, and deliver them to the thiefs of their factories ; that 
 they^be not molefted for Phoufdary, &:c. f AbobmumnuaJ impnfi'ions : That in cafe any of their 
 eoodj or (hips are drove aihore, or wre. Iced, l(t particular care be taken thcreo'": That at Cal- 
 cutta they have a fettlen.cnt, and the renting t.f Calcu'.ta, &c. I'ov.ns in the Purgane of 
 AmeiravatI, &c. were formerly granted then', and bougl.t by confent trom th^- Zemindars of 
 then), and are now in their polKflion : Tnat thirty- eij;ht tov/ns more, amounting to rupees eight 
 thou'aid one hundted and twc;ity-one, and eight annaes, adjoining to the af-'vela'd, m cafe thejr 
 pjrch.ife them by the confent of the proprietors, let the Duan put thcni in poftlfin thereof: 
 It appealing by the rtgiilers of the Duan, that Calcutta, &e. three town-, are in iheir pofT.ffion, 
 accotdintr to former cuftom, for which they pay yearly ru, e s one ihou and one hundred and 
 ninety five, and the other thirty-cjght towns, which they hdve not yet b !U;iht, neither are in 
 their poflelSon ; you muft let Calcutta, &c. three towns, lem.un in their p'jlicin.'n as heretofore, 
 and receive the cuftomary rent thereof; and, according to the tenor of the roval Pnirmaund, 
 whereon is wrote on the back of this, do you aft in every refpedl, and not contrary. The firft 
 of the moon Zcthedge, in the ninth year of his Majtfty's reign. 
 
 Aiticles of a treaty and agreement, concluded between the Governor and Council of 
 Fort William, on the part of the Enghfli Ealt India Company, and the Nabob Syef 
 ul Dowla. 
 
 I 
 
 On the part of the Company. 
 We the Governor and Council do engage to fecurc to the Nabob, Syef ul Dowla, the fubah- 
 darre of the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, and to lupport him therein, with the Com- 
 pany's forces, againft all his enemies. 
 
 On the part of the Nabob. 
 
 The treaty which my father formerly concluded with the Company, upon his firft acceflion 
 lo the Ni^amut, engaging to regard the honour and reputation of the Company, and of the 
 Governor and Counc'il, as his own ; and that entered into with my brother. Nabob Najim ul 
 Dowla ; the fame treaties, as far as is confiftcnt with the true fpiric, intent, and meaning there- 
 of, I do hereby ratify and confirm. 
 
 to 
 
 11. 
 
 The King has been gracioufly pleafed to grant unto the Englifh Eafl: India Company the dc- 
 wannalhip of Bcniral, Bahar, and Orixa, as a free gift for ever; and I having an entire confi- 
 dence in them, and in their fcrvants lettled in this country, that nothing whatever be propofed 
 or carried into execution by them, derogating from my honour, dignity, intereft, and the good 
 of my country, do therefore, for the better conducting the aft'airs ot the Subahdarrce, and pro- 
 moting my honour and intereft, and that of the Company in the beft manner, agree, that the 
 protedting the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, and the force fufEcient tor that purpnfe, 
 be entirely left to their dircdlion and good manzgenicnt, in confideration of their pa)ingthe 
 King, Shaw Allum, by monthly payments, as by treaty agreed on, the fum of rupees 
 2,16,666. 10. 9. and tome, Syef ul Dowla, the annual ftipend of rupees 41,86, 131. 9; viz 
 the fum of rupees 17,78,854. i. for mv houfe, fervants, and ether cxpences indifpenfably ne- 
 ceflary, and the remaining fum of 24,07,277. 8. for the lupport ot fuch Sepoys, Peon?, and 
 BurgundalTes, as may be thought proper for my afwarry only ; but on no account ever to exceed 
 that amount. 
 
 III. The
 
 ( 9 ' ' ) 
 III. 
 
 "The Nabob Minauh Dowla, who was, at the inftancc of the Governor anJ gentlemen of tlie 
 Council, appointed Naib of the pnvinces, and invefteJ with the management of affairs in 
 conju'iction with Mjh Rajih D;>o!iibram and JuggutSeat, fliall continue in the lame poft, and 
 witli tr.e fa.ne authority ; and having a pertcift confidence in him, I moreover agree to let him 
 hav ihe difburfing ot the above mm of 24,07,277. 8. for the purpofcs above mentioned. 
 
 This agrtcment, by the bleirmg of Ciod, I hope will be inviolably obferved as long as the En- 
 glilh Company's fadlories continue in Bengal. Dated this 19th day of May, in the year of our 
 Lord 1766. 
 
 IV" B. Sumner. 
 
 H. Vcrellt. 
 
 Rand'' Marriott. 
 
 H. Watts. 
 
 Claud. RufTel. 
 
 W'' Alderfey. 
 
 Tho. Kelfall. 
 
 Charles Floyer. 
 
 Articles of a treaty and agreement, concluded between trie Governor and Council of 
 fort William, on the part of the Enolifh £aft India Company, and the Nabob Syef ul 
 Duwla. 
 
 On the part of the Company. 
 We the Governor and Council do engage to fecure to the Nabob Syef ul Dowla, the Su- 
 bahdarree of the provinces ofBengil, Bahar, and Orixa, and to iuppoit him therein, with the 
 Company's forces, againd all his enemies. 
 
 On the part of the Nabob. 
 I. 
 The treaty which my father formerly concluded with the Company, upon his firfl accelllon to 
 the Nizamiit, engaging; to regard the honour and reputation of the Company, and the Governor 
 and Council, as his own ; and that entered into with my brother, the Nabob Nazim ul Dowla ; 
 the Time treatie-, as far as is conllftent with the true fpirit, intent, and meaning thereof, I do 
 hereby ratify and confirm. 
 
 11. 
 The King has been gracioufly pleafed to grant unto the Englifli Eaft- India Company, tha 
 Dewannfhip of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, as a free gift, for ever; and I having an entire conU- 
 dcncc in them and in their fervants fettled in this country, that nothing will be propolcd, or car- 
 ried into execution, by them, derogating from my honour and dignity, and the true intereft aiid 
 the good of my country, do theretorc, tor the better conducing the afFiirs of the Subahdarree, 
 and promoting my honour and inteieft, and that of the Company, in the belt manner, agree that 
 the protecting the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, and the force fufficient lor that pur- 
 pofe, be entirely left to their dire£tion and good management; in conlideration of their paying 
 the King, Shaw Allum, by monthly payments, as by treaty agreed on, the (um of rupees 
 2,16,666. 10. 9, and to me, Syef ul Dowla, the annual ftipend of rupees 41,86,131. g ; viz. 
 the fum of rupees 17,78,854. i. for my houfe, fervants, and other expenccb indifpcniajiy ne- 
 celTary, and the remaining fum of 24,07,277.8. for the (upport of fuch Sepoys, Peons, and Bur- 
 gundafles, as may be thought proper for my Afwarry only ; but on no account ever to exceed 
 'that amount. 
 
 III. 
 The Nabob, Minaut Dowlah, who was, at the inftance of the Governor and the Gentlemen 
 of the Council, appointed Naib of the provinces, and invefted wi'h the managemciu of all afiairs, 
 in conjunftion with Mharaga Doolubram, and Juggut Sect, fhall cont'nue in the fame port, and 
 with the fame authority ; and having a perfedl confidence in him, I further agree to let him have 
 the difburfing of the above fum of 24,07,277. 8. for the purpofe abovie-mtiuioned. 
 
 This agreement, by the blcfling of God, I hope will be inviolably oMervcd as long as the 
 Englifh C Mnpany's fadlories continue in Bengal. Dated the 18th day of May, m the year 01 our 
 Lord One thoufand feven hundred and fixty-fix. 
 
 (Signed) Governor and Council. (Signed) The Nabob. 
 Fort William, 28th Nov. 1766. 
 A true copy. 
 W" Alderfey, Secretary. 
 
 Signed E. Babcr, Secretary. 
 ^ • 2 Artxles
 
 ( r-^ ) 
 
 Articles of a treaty and agreement, between the Governor and Council of Fort IV'iHian?, 
 on the part of the Englifti Eaft India Company, and the Nabob Mebarek ul Dowlah. 
 
 On the part of the Company. 
 We, the Governor and Council, do engage to fecure to the Nabob Mebarek ul Dowlah, the 
 Soubahdarree of the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, and to fupport him therein, wit!i 
 the Company's forces, againlt all his enemies. 
 
 On the part of the Nabob. 
 I. 
 The treaty which my father formerly concluded with the Company, upon his firft acceflion 
 to the Nizamut, engagmg to regard the honour and reputation of the Company, and of the Go- 
 vernor and Council, as his own ; and that entered into with my brother-, the Nabobs Nazim 
 ul Dowiah, and Sycf ul Dowlah ; the fame treaties, as far as is confiftent with the true fpiru, 
 intent, and meaning thereof, I do hereby ratify and confifm. 
 
 II. 
 The King has been gracioufly pieafed to grant unto the Englifli Eaft India Company, the 
 Dewannalhip of Btngal, Bahar, and Orixa, as a free gift for ever ; and i, having an entire con- 
 fidence in them and in their fcrvant. fettied in this countr',', that nothing whaLcver be propofed 
 or carried into execution by them, derogating from my honour, intereft, and the good of my 
 country, do therefore, for the better conducing the affairs of the Subahdarree, and promotmg 
 my honour and intereft, and that of the Company, in the beft manner. 
 
 Agree, That the protedling the provinces ot Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, an>1 the force fufficient 
 for thatpurpofe, be entirely left to their direttion and good management, in confideratun of their 
 paying the King, Shaw Allum, by monthly payments, as by treaty agrt-ed on, the fum of rupees 
 two lacksfixteen thoufand fix hundred and fixty fix, ten annaes, .^nd nine pice (rup es 2,16,666. 
 10. 9); and to me, Mebarek ul Dowla, the annual ftipend of rupees thirty one lacks eighty-one 
 thoufand nine hundred and ninety-one, nine annaes (31,81,991. 9) ; viz. the fum of rupees 
 fifteen lacks eighty-one thoufand nine hundred and ninety one, riine annaes (15,81,991. 5), for 
 my houfe, fervants, and other expences indifpenfably ntctflary; and the rem.nniirg fum of ru- 
 pees fixteen lacks (rupees 16,00000), for the fupport ofluch Sepoys, Peons, and Burgundafles, 
 as may be thought proper for my afwarry only ; but on no account ever to exceed that amount. 
 
 III. 
 The Nabob Minauh Dowla, who was, at the inftance of the Governor and gentlemen of the 
 Council, appointedNaibof the provinces, and inverted with the management of affairs, in con- 
 junction with Maha Rajah Doolubram and Juggut Seat, fhail continue in the fame poft, and 
 with the fame authority : And having a perledt confidence in him, I moreover agree to let him 
 have the difburfing of the above ("um of rupees fixteen lacks, for the purpofes above-mentioned. 
 This agreement, by the blefTmgof God, fliall be inviolably obferved for ever. 
 Dated tha 21ft day of March, in the year of our Lord one thoufand feven hundred and feventv 
 
 ^Richard Beecher, 
 W-" Alderfey, 
 John Cartier, 
 Claud RuffelJ, 
 
 c- J ; Charles Floyer, 
 
 S.gned ^.JohnReed,^ 
 
 Francis Hare, 
 Jofeph JekylJ, 
 Thomas Lane, 
 LRichard Harwell. 
 
 A true Copy. 
 
 W. Wynne, Secretary. 
 
 Copy of the tranflate ofaPerwannah from Suja Dowla Cawn, Subah of Bengal, to 
 
 Governor Deane ; as entered after the Fort VVilliam confultationof the 19th January 
 
 1731-2 
 
 John Deane, Governor : I falute you, and am very well pieafed and fatisfied with your fair 
 
 dealing and management, and have not any ill will whatfoever againft you ; you ought to pre- 
 
 ferve a good underftanding with me, and by a good management of yours, goon with your bu- 
 
 fmefs ascuftomary, without doing any thing contrary to law and cuftom. 
 
 Copy of a Perwannah, under the feal of the Nabob Sujah Cawn, to Mhamud Aliff; en- 
 tered after the Fort William confu'tation of the i6th July 1736. 
 Whereas the revenues of the towns of de Calcutta, Soota Lootee, and Govindpoor, in the 
 Purgannas of Ameembad, Calcutta, and Paycawne, in the furcar of Sutgom, by grants from 
 the court, and feveral Governors of the province, have been appropriated to the Englifli Com- 
 pany, and been under the direction of their agents, I do now confirm the fame to them, accord-- 
 ing to cuftom ; and you are not to moleft them, or demand more upon any account than is ufual, 
 nor infift upon their renewing this grant yeaily ; but encourage the improvement of the towns in 
 the manner, therefore, to their fatisfatlion. See that this be obeyed. On theiftofthe month 
 Rubbenlaurell, 18th year of the King's reign. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 I 
 1
 
 C 93 ] ~ ^ ^;o 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 3. 
 
 A Later to George Plgot Elliuirc PrcfiJcnt, kc. of Foi-t St. George, relating to the 
 Capture of Calcutta; dated i6th July 1756, from the Governor and Council of Bengal. 
 
 To the honourable George Pigot, Efquire, Prefident and Governor, &c. Council at Fort 
 
 St. George. 
 Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 Our utmoft efforts have been employed to difpatch to you fooner tiie intelligence of the 
 capture of Calcutta by the Moors, aaing under orders of Serajah Dowla, the new N^bob • which 
 account, we doubt not, will have reached you before this can poflibly arrive, bv n'eans of 
 Patamars from the Shroffs or foreign nations; a true narrative of this unhappy event will 
 in our opinion, be faithfully reprelented to you by Mr. Manningham, which we have ' 
 
 mil'tary and marine, which may enable us to re-eftabliih ourfclves in this province which 
 we cftcem of the moft effential coniequence to the Eaft India Company, and trade of India 
 in general. 
 
 It is highly to reprelent to your honour, &c. and that the Englifh here were eftubliflied bv 
 patent from the Grand Mogul, under whofe orders all fubahs Ihould be dependant • but as 
 your honour, &c. are well acquainted that this province was overcome by Ally Verde Cawn 
 who maintained his conqueft by force of arms, lb was it poileffed by his rrandfon who 
 affumed the title of Serajah Dowla; wherefore further to favour our c^uic and iuft 
 complaints for reftitution, and right to the privilege granted us by the royal firmaund " we 
 are to requeft you will, without delay, let forth to the Grand Mogul the enorm'itjes 
 committed by the prefent Nabob, on a nation which has always paid obedience to the tenor 
 of the firmaund, nor infringed on its privileges; requiring and entreating by his authority to 
 rc-cftablidi us in all our rights, and that the lofs I'uftained by the Company and inhabitants 
 of the lettlemcnl may be made good. 
 
 We are at prefent endeavouring to open a correfpondence with the principal men, whom we 
 are informed the Nabob attends to, in hopes to bring on a treaty till wc can obtain fuccour and 
 that we may in fome mcal'ure be relieved from our prefent diftrefs, being in the utmoft want 
 of all nccellaries of life, and ftrift orders iilued by the government not to fupply us with anv 
 provifions : the Dutch and French are alfo prohibited giving us any affiftance; their fittmtion 
 appears very precarious ; and we arc told the French have wrote for a large reinforcement 
 from Pondichcrry. 
 
 Our determination is to keep the river, until we are informed of your honour &c.'s refolu- 
 tions ; and in cafe we are not able to procure anv favour from this government or ITiould be 
 perlccuttd lb by the enemy as to be obliged to ftand out to *"ea, wc lliall proceed to Viza'^a- 
 patam ; this we think proper to mention, as it may be nccelFary that the fhips in their way to 
 the bay call there for intelligence, which we fhall lodge there, if we are able to procure any 
 conveyances; for the ingratitude of our immediate fervants has been fuch, that we arc drove 
 to the ncccfliiy of doing every individual office for ourfelves ; nor have wc been able to procure 
 a Pattaman, or a Pcrfian writer; and it is with the ntmoft difficulty we have hitherto kept 
 together a furticicnt number of Lalcars to work our fliips, and are daily apprehcnlive they 
 will quit us on the ilrfi; occafion. 
 
 Wc have defircd the gentlemen at Vi/.agapatam to provide and hold in readinefs what 
 provifion of every kind they are able to procure, to be put on board the velTcls comino- down 
 hither. ° 
 
 We rcqucft your honour, 6cc. to reprefcnt a full ftate of all tlicfc occurrences to Admiral 
 Watlbn, the commander in chief of his Maiefly's fipiadron, and entreat his aid and affiftance 
 with the licet, which we hope may be able to proceed hither. 
 
 Monfr. Le Beaumc, (who had the command of our advanced batteries, and defended the 
 fame very gallantly) accompanies Mr. Manningham, and will, in cafe of accident happening 
 to Mr. Manningham, deliver you thefc advices; we efleeming Monfr. Lc Eeaumc wcH 
 qualified to give you a ciicumftantial detail of our military proceedings, as alfo inform you of 
 the various ftores we arc in want of. 
 
 As wc imagine the nCws of this capture will produce very bad confequcnccs in England, to 
 the honourable Company's affairs, if they receive it without being informed at the fame time 
 of there being a prolpcft of our icfcltling in Bengal; we arc to requeft your honour will aire 
 your relblution of fending the Delawar to Europe, till you hear the liiccefs of the force you 
 may be able to aftift us with. 
 
 We are, with great rcfpcij^. 
 
 Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 F'ulta, Your moft obedient humble fervants, 
 
 16 July 1-56. K. 1). ,s,c. 
 
 '^ ^ General 
 
 r
 
 C 94 ] 
 
 General Letter dated 15th September 1756. 
 To the honourable the Court of Direftors for affairs of the honourable the United Com- 
 pany of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 
 May it pleafe your honours, 
 
 As it is probable a veffel may be difpatched for Europe, by the prcfident and council of Fort 
 St. George, or (bme other nation fettled on the coaft, and a conveyance offering from lience 
 to Vizacrapatam, we thmk it our duty to give your honours fomc account of an event which 
 muft be of the utmofl confequence to your trade. — It is with the greateft concern we find 
 ourfelves under the neceflicy of tranfmittmg your honours fuch difagrctabie news; and fliall 
 bee leave to confine ourfelves to generals for the prefent, referring to a future addrefs for the 
 particulars of this affair. 
 
 Upon the receipt of your packet by the Delawar, we thought it neceffary to put ourfelves 
 :■ the beft ftate of defence we could, and for that jiurpofe gave direftions to have the line of 
 guns towards the fiver repaired and flrengthened : While we were carrying on this work, a 
 perwannah arrived from the Nabob Serajah Dowla (who had fucceeded to the government 
 upon the death of Alyver de Cawn) forbidding us to creft any new works, or dig a ditch, 
 which he was informed we were doing. As we efteemed this a very imrcalbnable prohibition, 
 the prelident made the following reply, by the approbation and confent of the board ; That 
 we were not erc£ting any new fortifications, but only repairing our wharf, which had been 
 much damaged by the frefhes ; and he had been milinformed in regard to the ditch, having 
 du" none fince the invaiion of the Marattoes, which had been executed at the requeft of our 
 inhabitants, and with the approbation of Alyver de Cawn himfelf. — That we had received 
 advice of there being a likelihood of a rupture between the French and us, and as they dif- 
 regarded the neutrality of the Mogul's dominions in the laft war, by attacking Madrais, we 
 were under fome apprehenfions of their making fome attempt upon our fettlement, fhould 
 there be a declaration of war between the two nations, for which realbn we thought it 
 neceffary to be upon our guard, and make our place as defenfible as we could. 
 
 The Nabob was at that time encamped at Rajamaul; and the gentlemen at Coffimbuzar, a 
 few days after, informed us, that he was much incenfed at the foregoing reply, and had 
 ordered their faflory to be invefled with a party of horfemen. This was confirmed in a 
 fecond letter from them, with advice that a large body of troops were actually placed upon 
 them, and that more were daily expedfed ; for which reafon they defired a reinforcement of ' 
 military and a fupply of flores. Another letter from thofe gentlemen advifed us that troops 
 were dallv ftationed on them; that the Nabob him.felf was returning from Rajamaul; that 
 a trr.in of artillery was ordered to be planted againfl them; and that he threatened to attack 
 as foon as he arrived. — In this letter they requefted us to complain againlt Hukumbeg and 
 his duan, for their extortions of late years, as they looked upon them to be the inltigators of 
 thefe difturbances. 
 
 Upon receipt of this letter, we tranfmirted them a blank arafdafs, for them to infert the 
 complaint againfl Hukumbeg and his duan, as they who were on the fpot muft be the beft 
 judges what to write; and direfted them to remonftiate, in that arafdafs, the injury done us 
 in furvounding our fafli ry upon fo frivolous and iinjull a pretence ; the falfity of which he 
 might befatisfied of by fending a pcrfon to examine ^ncl report the works we were carrying 
 on. — We likewiie ordered them to endeavour all in their power to acconmiodate the matter, 
 but on no account to mention the demolition of any works : That in the prefent fituation of 
 affairs we thought it more advifeable to foothc the Nabob than to provoke him, which fending 
 up a reinforcement might occafion ; and therefore we thought it bcff to defer the fupply they 
 had requeflcd ; and direfted them, that in cafe the Nabob carried matters to extremity, and 
 attacked their faftory, to make the beft defence they could till the waters rofe, and then to 
 retreat, with their garrifon, to Calcutta. 
 
 Two other letters arrived from Mr. Watts and his council, with intel'igence of a further 
 number of troops having furrounded their faftory, and that the Nabob was daily expefted at 
 Muxadavad, when it was imagined they would aftually be attacked. — In the former of theie 
 letters they informed us, that one of the principal zemmadars piaccd upon them, told their 
 iloftor, the Nabob was angry with the Englilli on no other account than a draw bridge we 
 had built at Perins, and an oftagon at Mr. Kelfall's garden, and that if we would deftroy 
 thofe works, the forces would be immediately taken off their faftory : In confequence of 
 which information they gave it as their o]iinion, if the prelident would addrefs the Nabob, and 
 promile to demolifli the draw bridge and oiEfagon, the affair would be accommodated. 
 
 This letter was taken into confuieration by the board, and, for many ftrong rcafons, it 
 was judged more advifeable to promile the demolition of thofe works, than hazard a rupture 
 with the Nabob, at a junfture when we were fo little prepared for it. — Accordingly an arafdafs 
 was wrote to that effcft, and triplicates of it forwarded tothe chief and council at Coffimbuzar, 
 for them to get delivered. Thefe letiers, Mcllis. \\'atts and CoUett actjuaints us, were not 
 icceived while the fa£lorv remained in our hands. 
 
 On the 7th of June we receivt-d the difagrecable news of Coflimbu/.ar factory being de- 
 livered up to the Nabob, who had made Mr. \\ atts a priloncr upon his going to vilit him, 
 and forced him to fign a mutchculka to the following purport : That we ihould give no pro- 
 
 tcflion
 
 [ 95 1 
 
 te£lion to the king's fubjefls ; that we fliould dcftroy any new fortifications \vc had laifed, 
 and fill up the new ditch; and tiiat it" it could be proved we had granted duflicks to any 
 perlbns that were not entitled to them, the Ids fuftained by the government, in the cuftoms, 
 Ihould be made good by the Company. Thefe letters likewife informed us, the Nabob in- 
 tended to march to Calcutta with his whole army, which now amounted to 50,000 men, be- 
 fides a very large train of artillery. 
 
 Upon the receipt of this intelligence we thought it expedient to put our town (which lay 
 extremely open towards the land) in the befi: pofturc of defence we could, by throwing up 
 fuch outworks as the fliortnefs of the time would admit of, conformable to plans laid before 
 us for that purpofe, which was accordingly executed. The militia were likcwil'e fummoned 
 and trained, and every thing in our power prepared to fuftainour attack, in cafe the Nabob 
 ihould be ralli enough to carry matters to that extremity. 
 
 The i6th of June the van of his army appeared before tlie redoubt at Perrin's, and about 
 one in the afternoon attemjited to force a palfage that way into the town, but were bravely 
 repulfed by the party ftationed there, numbers of them being killed; which made them de- 
 camp in the night from thence, and enter the town from the eaflward; at which quarter it 
 was not in our power to prevent their getting in. — On the morning of the i8ih they begun 
 the attack of our lines, and after a very warm fire the whole day from one of our batteries, 
 were obliged to retreat, which made it ncceffary to recall the reft, that they might not be cut 
 off by the enemy in the rear. 
 
 The next morning they commenced a brlfk fire upon the fort, which they continued the 
 whole day, and great part of Sunday the 20th ; and having gained polleffion of the feveral 
 houfes near the faftory and church, they deftioyed a great many officers and private men ; 
 who being harrafied out with continual duty, and the enemy overpowering us with their 
 numbers, the walls were fcalcd on the evening of the 20th, and the fort furrendered upon 
 promife of their civil treatment of the prifoners. 
 
 We have now given your Honours a fummary relation of the Nabob's proceedings at 
 Coflimbuzar, his march againft Calcutta, the attack and capture of that place. 
 
 There being fome country veflcls in the river, fuch of the inhabitants as could efcape have 
 been confined in them, and fufFered the gieateft diftrefs ; raoft of them having loft every thing 
 they had, and fcarce faved the cloaths on their backs, which has induced us to take the liberty 
 of maintaining them at your Honours expence, which we flatter ourfelves w ill not be difap- 
 proved of, when it is confidercd how general the calamity has been, and what numbers had it 
 not in their power to fuhfift themfelvcs by any means whatever. 
 
 Our remaining here lo long has been owing to our judging it abfolutely neceffary to keep 
 the river, in order to re-eftahlifh ourfelves in thele provinces; for which purpofe we have 
 applied to the prcfident and council of Fort St. George, to aifift us with all the foice they can 
 poflibly fpare from the calls of their own coaft, and have deputed Charles Manningham, 
 Efc]uire, to fatisfy ihem of the neceffity of exerting themfelvcs on this occafion, for recover- 
 ing your Honours fettleiiicnts, rights, and jirivilegcs, in thefe provinces: As yet, have 
 received no anfwer from thole gentlemen, tho' we daily expeft one; and we hope they will 
 not refufc or delay fending us down a confidcrable body of troops, as foon as they received 
 our letter upon that head, as their arrival at this junfture would enable us to re-eftablifh 
 your honours in all the privileges and immunities of the royal firmaund. The country 
 being involved in troubles by the appointment of another fubah from DiUy, who is joined by 
 fome royal troops, and fcvcral confidcrable jummadars, that have deferred Serajah Dowla ; 
 there is likewife an invafion expefted from the Maratteos as loon as the rains take off; and by 
 the intelligence we have received from Coflimbuzar, the Nabob is greatly embnrrafled. 
 
 Wc have iikiwifc applied to the prefident and council of Bombay for a fupply of troops ; 
 and in cafe thefe two prefiJencies give us the neceflary affiftance, wc may hope, in a (hort 
 time, to acquaint your Honours of our being re-fettled upon a fecure and refpedtable footing. 
 The gentlemen of Luckipore and Bulromgurry have fafely withdrawn their faftories, pur- 
 fuant to our orders, and brought away all their military ftores, with what calb and effe£\s 
 were laying in their rcfpcftivc faftories ; thole at ]^acca could not do the fame, for want of 
 conveyances; all their boats being feized by the Nabob of that place; but were obliged to 
 iurrender after they heard of the lois of Fort William. 
 
 By the next conveyances we fliall tranfmit your honours i'()])ies of our procredingi fincc 
 the lofs of Calcutta, with the caOi account, and what other papers are material : and arc with 
 the grcateft refpefl, May it pleafe your Honours, 
 
 Your faithful and moft 
 
 Obedient humble fervants, 
 
 Roger Drake, junior, 
 William Watts, 
 lames Killpatrick, 
 Richard Becher, 
 J'ort William, Paul Richard Pearkes, 
 
 ihc 1 sth September 1757. W. Frankland, 
 
 M. Collet, 
 1. Z. Holwcll, 
 \V. Macl.ett, 
 P. Amyatt. 
 
 Letter
 
 [ 96 ] 
 
 Letter from Mefirs. Becher, Scrafton, Hyndman, and Waller, at the French Faftory 
 
 at Dacca. 
 
 To the honourable Court of Direftors for Affairs of the honourable United Company of 
 Merchants of England trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 
 May it pleafe your Honours, 
 
 1. The prefent melancholy fituation of your affairs in Bengal will appear a very fufEcient 
 apology for our not addrefhng you in the ufual form of your council; Ibme are killed, fome 
 prifoners, and thole who remain, retired with Mr. Drake we know not well whither. You 
 have been doubtlcfs long lince informed of Ali Verdi Khan's having named Seir Rajah 
 Dowlat his fucccflbr to this province, in pi'cjudice of his nephews, Ncwages Mahmud Khan 
 and Sahid Hamud Khan; the former of which had his relidcnce at Muxadavad, the latter in 
 the Proonean country, of which he was Nabob. — The fucceffion of Seir Rajah Dowlat, not- 
 withftanding this preference, was greatly doubted ; his competitors were rich and powerful, 
 both men of much more experience in life; the one eflcemed of abilities greatly fuperior; 
 fortune however had adopted him, and took care to pave his way to that point of grandeur 
 to which he is now arrived. In December lafl died Newages Mahmud Khan, a few months 
 after the Nabob of Poornca, and on the gtli of April Ali Verdi Khan breathed his laft. The 
 widow of Newages for fome time maintained a faint Ihew of oppofition to the fucceflion of 
 Seir Rajah Dowlat, in favour of a boy, named Muradel Dowlat, nephew to Seir Rajah 
 Dowlat, and who had been adopted by her late hufband. But deferted by her adherents, 
 fhe was neceflitatcd to drop it, and to claim the proteftion of Seir Rajah Dowlat, at this time 
 firmly cflablifhed. Kilfcndas, fon to Rajabullub, who had long a£led as prime minifter to 
 Newages Mahmud Khan, is laid to have retired to Calcutta, in March laft, with Inmienfe 
 riches of his father's, and of the widow of his late mafter. — The proteftion granted to this 
 man, and the refufal of delivering him up when demanded, is univerfally believed to be the 
 caufe of all our misfortunes. Umbrage taken at fome new works of fortification, which 
 were carrying on at Calcutta, and artful infinuations to the Nabob, that the Englifh were 
 putting thenifclves in a flate to make war upon him, may be the pretences. — On the 23d of 
 May the faftory at Coffimbuzar vpas invefled by a body of about 500 men; from that time 
 til the 3d of June, frefli forces were daily arriving, when the number is laid to have con- 
 fiflcd of 50,000. That day the Nabob Seir Rajah Dowlat likewil'e arrived, with a large body 
 of horfc, the rear of his army ; the day following he is faid to have difpatched a mefienger 
 to Mr. Watts, to fignify his defuc of a conference with him : this was complied with : Mr. 
 Watts was no fooner in his prefcncc than he was made prifoner, and the mclTenger returned 
 to the faftory, for Mefl'rs. Collet and Batfon, the only two gentlemen in council at that time 
 at Coflimbuzar : he told them their prefence was neceffary to undcrfign a paper, to which 
 Mr. Watts had let his name, and which, without theirs, vtould not be valid. Thcfe two 
 gentlemen likewife waited on the Nabob; the latter was immediately made prifoner, and the 
 former lent back to the faftory, with orders to the officer who commanded, to deliver it up 
 to whoever the Nabob fliould appoint to take pofleflion of it, with guns, ammunition, &c. 
 His orders were conformed to, and the Nabob took pofl'eflion of it the 6th. This done, 
 orders were iflued for the march of the army towards Calcutta. For the particulars 
 of the liege of that place and Fort William, we muft: beg leave to refer your ho- 
 nours to fome of thofe gentlemen who continued in the fort till it was taken. The ac- 
 counts we have vary much, and are difficult to reconcile; all agree in this, that many brave 
 men have died mirerably, wlio'e lives might have been faved by tlie fmallell degree of good 
 conducf and refolution in their leaders. — That Mr. Drake refufed liftcning to any terms of 
 accommodation, faid to have been propofed by the Nabob, while at Hughley, to avert the 
 ftorni which tlireatened the colony, is what we can hardly credit, though this is confidently 
 affirmed. In a garrifon fo ill provided as it appears Fort William was, it would certainly 
 have been eligible to have fubmitted to anv for the prefent, and to have waved his refent- 
 mcnt till a change of circumftances might enable him to gratify it, and to obtain fuch as 
 were more advantageous. The Nal)ob in his return from Calcutta, after marching a num- 
 ber of his men throuiih Chandernacrore, and coinmittinn; manv Irregularities, extorted from 
 the 1- rench the fuin ot thri.e lacks of rupees, and from the Dutch 450,000. and from the 
 Danes 50,00c. The French have behaved with the greateft humanity to fuch as have 
 taken refuge at their faftory ; and the tenor of their conduct every where to us, on this 
 inelanclioiy occafion, has been fuch as to merit the grateful acknowledgment of our nation. 
 1 he lloop wliicli, incur corrcfpondence with Monf. Courtin, vour Honours will obfervc 
 we became anfwerable for, to prevent the ill conlecjucnces of Mr. Amyatt's fcizing her 
 at fo critical a junfture, is, with her cargo, we arc informed, fafely arrived at Chant-cr- 
 n ago re* 
 
 2. It was on the 23d of May, as in a preceding paragraph we have acquainted your Ho- 
 nours, that Co(liinbu/.ar faftory was firft invcftcd. It was tlie 9th of June before wc had any 
 letter tiom the gentlemen in Calcutta ; it was dated the 3d, and in general terms direftcd us 
 to be upon our guard, as the Nabob had taken offence at fome works which were carrying on 
 at Calcutta, and it was uncertain to what lengths his caprices and paffion might lead liim : 
 our fituation, and the want of embarkations, rendered a compliance with, their orders of ilie 
 
 7th 
 
 i 
 
 'r-
 
 t 97 ] 
 
 7tli (received the i2t1i) utterly impracticable: for our reafons fully deduced, we beg leave 
 to refer your Honours to our confultation of the 12th, in thofe, and our public letters, both 
 which accompany this addrefs to your Honours, the conCultation of the 3d and 5th excepted, 
 two copies of whidi have been fcnt to Calcutta, but the originals we have not been able 
 to get out of the faftory : we have been fufficiently explicit to enabl; you to jud<Te and de- 
 termine on our conduct, and fhall nor enter into a further detail. 
 
 3. As your books and papers are all in the pofleffion of the Nabob, we cannot, with 
 exdftncfs, inform you of the lofs you have fuftained at your fa£^ory at Dacca. If they will 
 permit us to extraft a few minutes from the books, wc fhall flionly be able to make it up, 
 and your Honours may depend on having it by the firft cccafion. 
 
 . 4.. As to ourfclves we have loft every thing; a confcioufncfs of having to the utmoft 
 of our abilities dilcharged our duty to your Honours, and the hopes of your future favour, 
 fbould it appear to you wc have a£led in fuch a manner as to dclerve it, muft, for the pre- 
 fent, fupport us. Your Honours will do us thejuftice to believe, that in the furrender of 
 our fa6\ory without refiftance, we have not been aiSuated by any unmanly attachment 10 
 life. Every neceflary dilpofition our fituation would admit of had been made; and while 
 Fort William flood, our refolution was taken to defend ourfclves to the laft extremity. — 
 That gone, and all hopes of affiftance cut off, it is certain we might have died, or by exaf- 
 perating an ungenerous enemy, expofed ourl'elves to ignominy and torment, but this would 
 in no fhape have availed your Honours. . . 
 
 5. The French gentlemen at Chandcrnagore and Coffimbuzar are warmly foliciting our 
 liberty ; if we are fo happy as to obtain it, we propofe going to Madrafs iu tlic firft ihlp; 
 where we Ihall be ready to I'crve your Honours in any fuitable employment your Prcfuient 
 and Council there may point out to us, till your, pleaiure is known. 
 
 6. Exclufive of the gentlemen whole names appear at the foot of this letter, there. are 
 prifoners with us here, Mr. John Cartier, a fador of one year's ftanding ; Mr. John Jchn- 
 Kone juft commencing^ Aftiftants Lieut. John Cudmore, and Mr. Nathaniel Wilfon, Sur- 
 geon; Mr. William Sumner, the fecojid at this faftory, abfent at Calcutta, by permilfion, 
 and who we hear is fafe, having been ordered on board Ibip fome days before the place was 
 taken. , , •. 
 
 We advifed the gentlemen at Madrafs of this unhappy event, as foon as we could collcft 
 any particulars which we thought carried an appearance of truth. 
 
 We are, with great refpeft. 
 
 May it pleale your Honours. 
 
 Your Honours faithful 
 
 Humble fervants, 
 
 Richard Becli,er, 
 From the French faflory at Luke Scrafton, 
 
 Dacca, JulyiSth, 1756. Thomss Hyndman, 
 
 Samuel Waller. 
 
 Extra£l of a Letter from MelTrs Watts and Collet, to the honourable the Court of 
 
 Direftors. 
 
 To the honourable the Court of Direi^tors for Affairs of the United Company of Merchants 
 
 of England, trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 
 May it pleafe your Honours, 
 
 It is with the utmoft concern we now inform you, that Fort William was taken the 20tli 
 of June by the Nabob of Bengal, grandfon of Alliverdicawn, who died laft April. The firft 
 rile of thefe troubles are as follows 5 
 
 Some time after his coming to the government, he fent one Narran Sing, brother to Ro- 
 gcram, who is Nabob at Cuttack, and commander of the Spys (which in this country is a 
 confiderable poft) to Calcutta, where he arrived privately, and in difguife, with a letter 
 from the Nabob to the Governor ; which the Governor did not think proper to receive, as 
 it was prefcnted in fuch a way, but turned Narran Sing with dilgrace out of the place. 
 'J"hc Chief of CofTimbuzar, being apprehenfive that this might occafion fome trouble, w rote 
 to the Durbar officers, to prevent any complaint being made to the Naboli, and the affair 
 was fecmingly hufhed up; but a few days were elapfed, when he fent for our Vaquccl, and 
 told him he heard they were making fortifications, and digging a ditch r(>uiid Calcutta; and 
 infifted that we fliould Icvul our ncnv works, and fill up the ditch. Upon the Vaqueel's re- 
 turning from the Durlar, and actjuainting the Chief with what the Nabob liiid, he wrote 
 to him, that he had not heard of any new tortitications being railed, or ditch dug; and that 
 we were apprehenfive that our enemies, for their own lucrative advantages, had raifcd thefe 
 reports; to this letter he returned no anivver, but fent a purwannah to Calcutta, ordering 
 them to dcfift from fortifying, and to level what new works tlicv had begun. He then 
 inarched t6 the nortluvard', and gave out he was going to Patna. On his arrival at Raja- 
 maul, he received tlic Governor's anfwer, at which he was greatly ineenfed, and imme- 
 diately ordered a pnvty of horfc and gun men upon our faflory, and returned back himfelf 
 
 B b w'ith
 
 [ 9S ] 
 
 with the greateft expedition with his whole army, which encamped round our factory, and 
 according to the inoft moderate computation confided of io,coo horfe, and 20, ceo Raje- 
 pouts, and other gun men, with a large train of artillery, and then demanded the Chief to 
 come out, and fee him ; the Nabob's Duan, who commanded the van of the army, writing 
 the Chief a letter, that he might come out with great faftty, that no harm fhould happen, 
 and that he would introduce him to the Nabob : upon this we thought proper to fend the 
 furgton of the faftory to the Duan ; and he gave him the fame affurances, and tent him back 
 with a confiderable perfon, and a prefeiit of beetle (which is eftecmed a pledge of faith) to 
 accompany the Chitf to the Duan, who was to introduce him to the Nabob ; accordingly, 
 agreeable to tlie unanimous opinion of the gentlemen of the faftory, and officer of the gar- 
 rifon, the Chief went, and was piefented by the Duan to the Nabob; who immediately 
 ordered him into confinement, and infilled on his giving an obligation, that in 15 days tinic 
 the gentlemen of Calcutta lliould level what new works they had raifed, dci.ver up the 
 Nabob's tenants, wlio had tied for proteftion there; and that if it fliould be proved we had 
 falfihed the Company's duflucks, by giving them to thofe that had no right to ihem, we 
 fhould pay back what the government had fuffered by lofs of duties : the chief, being In 
 their hands, was obliged to iign this. They then told liim, that his ligning was of no 
 eonfequence, without the reft of tlie Council ; accordingly, upon the Suigeon's returning 
 to the faflory, with an eunuch of the Nabob's, and two or three others, who accjuainted 
 MefTrs. Collet and Batfon, that it was necclfary they fhould go to the Chief to make an end 
 of the affair; they went, and were detained prifoners, nothing more being laid about the 
 obligation the Chief had figned. The next day we were ordered to deliver up our ammu- 
 nition and cannon, which, upon mature deliberation, we thought proper to comply with, 
 in hopes to entirely pacify the Nabob, and, prevent his march to Calcutta. The arii^y thea 
 drew off from the faftory. 
 
 Extraft of Mr. Drake's Letter to the Council at Fort William, dated Calcutta, 17th to 
 
 25th January 1757. 
 
 Par. 4. Referring to Mr. Bccher's letter, under date of the 26th November laft, that 
 gentleman condemns my conduft, in that I granted proteftion, or admitted into Calcutta, 
 KifTendals ; that I rcfufed to receive the Nabob's pervvannah, and infulted the mtficnger; 
 the afTuming to myfelf fuch an authority to aft without the advice, or acquainting my 
 Council thereof; my not ufing proper means to accommodate matters, when I found tlie 
 Nabob irritated ; and not fecuring ou board the fhips the Company's books, papers, and 
 trcafure; and finally abandoning the fort in the manner I did: To all which acculations I 
 reply. That the admifTion of KifTendafs into Calcutta was permitted by Mr. Manningham, 
 in my abfence on a vifit to Ballafore, where I went, atter the difpatch of our laft Europe 
 fliip that feafon, the 9th of March, and returned the 21ft of faid month. KifTendafs I 
 think arrived here the i6th, and he, or fome of his people, introduced a letter from Mr. 
 Watts to Mr. Manningham, witli one inclofed for myfelf under a flying feal, to the foUoiv- 
 Jng purport, as far as my remembrance leads me: That an application hnd been msde to 
 liim by RajahbuUub (who is father to KifTendafs) requefling he would admit iiis (R.ijah- 
 bullub's) family into Calcutta for the fpace of two months, until one of the women was 
 brought to bed, and able to proceed on her journey to Jaggernot Pagod ; and flrcnuoufly 
 recommended we would not rcfufc that requcft, as RajahbuUub was likely to hold great pofls 
 in the government, and mgiit, from fuch favour fliewn his family, be inftrumental of 
 giving an uninterrupted currency to our bufinefs at Dacca and its dependencies; which re- 
 commendation from Mr. Watts, who then was fo nearly fituated to the Durbar of Muxa- 
 davad, drew a grant from Mr. Manningham, to admit KifTendafs, his family, and atten- 
 dants, into our hounds. I think MelTrs. Frankland and Hohvell are able to tcflify that 
 fuch a letter was penned by Mr. Watts, nor would I be underftood to throw any blame on 
 Mr. Manningham, for having had regard thereto; had I been prefent on KifTendafs his 
 arrival, 1 fhould certainly adliered to fo flrong a recommendatory letter from our chief at 
 Coflimbuzar; nor was any difturbance furmifed would happen on account of that family's 
 refidence here, or on any other account, until about the 15th of April, when a perwannah 
 arrived, faid to contain an immediate demand, from the Nabob, of Raiahbulluh's family and 
 wealth ; which leads me to anlwer Mr. Bechei's fecond accufation, That I rcfufed to receive 
 the faid perwannah, and infulted the mcflbnger, by MefTrs. Manningham, Hohvell, and my- 
 felf, is a faft, and the mefTenger was ordered out of the bounds. Our then reafons, that 
 induced us to aft, were, that tliis mclTcnger, or rather fpy, came into our bounds in difguife, 
 and liis firfl foot on fhore was at Omichund's houfe, who received him privately, and a per- 
 v/annah for himfelf, tending, as wc learnt, to this purport, that he, Omichund, was to in- 
 teicft himfelf to obtain the immediate delivery of Rajahbullub's fon? and family to Narran- 
 dafs, brother to Rojeram, the Nabob's head fpy : This firft arbitrary and unu.ual proceeding 
 of the new Nabob, before his having advifed our Prcfidency, (as has ever leen cuftomary on 
 change of government) of his iucccfTion to the government, cauled a fufpicion, that the laid 
 
 Eerwannah had l)een wrote without his confent or knowledge; and not at that time having 
 ad any intelligence from Mr. Watts, that fuch a perfon had been difpatched by the Nabob, 
 joined with the fear Omichund fhcwed on the occafign, determined us to rejeft the perwannah 
 
 (which
 
 [ 99 1 
 
 (which Mr. Manninglinm or myfcif never had a fight of) and to orccr Narrrindafs iinlantly out 
 of our bounds; and if that gentlem:in and Mr. Hulwcll will recollcit, 1 think they mull 
 acknowledge I then produced Mr. Watts his original letter, recommending, in nioft ftrenuous 
 terms, the reception of that family into our fetilcment, with two or three others; ceriifyinT 
 how ufeful the retaining Raj.dibullub in our intcreft would be, who was likely to hold grea't 
 pofts in the government; at the lame inftant I wn'i required by thole gentlemen to acquaint 
 Mr. Watts of the clandeftine manner whereby Narrandafs ftole into our bounds; of our rc- 
 fufal to receive the perwannnh, and his being ordered to quit our fettlcment : To which Mr. 
 Watts replied. That our Vaqueel had reprefentcd to the chief Durbar ofhcerj the whole 
 that had happened ; and that the reply thereto was. That we furely had a riE,ht to difmil's lucli 
 people out of our bounds. It is with regret I mention not having Mr. W.itts his letters to 
 produce; but I appeal to Mr. Manningham, Frankland, and Holvvell, to whom I communi- 
 cated, atditferent times, the purport of thole letters, whether circumflanccs to be gathered 
 therefrom were not implying, that Rajahbullub would be taken into favour again; and ad - 
 vifing, rather (hewing, civility to his family than any way to diftrefs them; giving his opi- 
 rion, that we fliould be cautious, and not let them leave Calcutta : One letter did implv'td 
 give them warning to depart, as the fpace of time, his father had applied for their rclidence 
 here, was nigh elapfed ; that was foon contrcidlfted ; and I call on Mr. Waits to declare, 
 whether I did not frequently exprefs, I was ap]Mehenfivc that family's re^Jcnce here woold 
 bring the Company's atfairs into trouble; and whether I ever fhewcd any difinclination to 
 their quitting the bounds, or fubmitting to the delivery of them, had the Nabob openly- 
 required it. I'urthcr, Mr. Watts wrote mc, he had acqueinted the princi])al men a Muxa- 
 davad, that I Ihould have no objeftion to deliver up Kilfendafa ; but that he thought I 
 fliould not confcnt to the giving up of his women, nor would tl'.at be infilled on. To the 
 blame Mr. Becher is pleafed to caft on me, for afTuming to myielf the ible aurhoriry of aft- 
 ing without the conient or advice of my council, in the protection granted Killendafs, and 
 the difmiflion of the meffenger who brought the perwannah for the immediate delivery of 
 him and iiis family, I muft beg leave to refer, in part thereof, to my reply to his foregoing 
 accufation againft my conduft; wherein it will aopear, beyond contiadiftion, that I 
 affiimcd no power of aftmg by arbitral y will: I could vvifii V'.e uerwannah had not been 
 refuled, but in public council, which fat that very morning; and the gentlemen were affcm- 
 blcd in the confultation room before MefTrs. Manningham r.nd Hclweil quitted my apart- 
 ment, and were all well acquainted with the ftcps we had taken ; but not one member of the 
 board opened his mouth to fpeak thereon, whicli was their duty to do, had they then ima- 
 gined evil confequences would be the atiendaht on that ]^rocceding ; which leads me to re- 
 mark, that no gentleman of the council can excufe himi'tlf for that lilence ; as I think I 
 fliall be fupported in declaring, I never attempted to bridle their tongues. I furtlicr am 
 led to think, that Mr. Becher, who was in Calcutta from the latter end of February to 
 the beginning of April, though not obliged to attend our councils, when his ab'encc from 
 his chitflhip at Dacca, on account of his own concerns, was permitted, might then have fet 
 fonh his apprehenfions that fuch our proceedings were wrong, which any fiiclit intimation 
 of to, or at, the board, would have faved me many an unliappy refleftion on v,hat my cha- 
 rafltr has fince fuflered from after-thinking men : what availed ir n;c, or cither MeflVs. 
 Manningham or Holwell, whether Rajahbullub's family was, or was not, to be admitted 
 and kept in our town ; but to hold in good correfpondcnce and harmony, people who then 
 had great influence at the Durbar, thereby to promote the intcreft of our employers, and to 
 afl according to the chief of Coflimbuzar, his recommendation, who has always been fup- 
 pofed a competent judge how to hold the great men in favour at the Durbar; even had any 
 letter, private or general, from Coflimbuzar, intimated fo far as even an apprchenfion, that 
 the prote£lirg Kinendals would be likely to draw on the Nabob's anger, I dare aver either of 
 ihofc tvvogtntleinen would have communicated the fame in public council ; I anfwerl fhould 
 for myfelf ; and I am fure liberty of fjieech and writing has too much prevaikd in tliis fet- 
 tlemcnt not to admit it from any perlbn who then thought the Company's iniercft wax inju- 
 red. I fhould fall into the fame error with after conjtfturcs, if I aik. why the gentlemen of 
 Culhmbuzar did not, at any time, inform us it was a wrong proceeding to contincie Rajah- 
 l-.ullub's family with us : if tlicy thought fo, it was their duty to have fet forth the Nabob 
 was irritated thereat, and at the difmiflion of the Ipy ; but far otherwife, no mention was 
 ever made to »is from that faftory of any umbrage the Nabob took on tlint account ; not 
 even the name of any of Rajahbullub s family appeared in their gcncr.nl letters. The 
 next accufation Mr. Becher is pleafed to alledge againft me, though I think it may be deem- 
 ed rather a general blame on the whole board, is, that 1 did not ufe proper means to accon^- 
 modaic matters when I found the Nabob irritated. 1 would ^flc Mr. Becher, if he has hi- 
 therto made an enquiry, or from his certain knowledge can give the board intelligence, what 
 methods were purfued to hinder the Nabob's approach, and to fpccify his ungovernable piflion 
 and premeditated relolution to extirpate the Englifli from his dominions. I fhall not there- 
 fore immediately enter here a detail of thole meafurcs, but think they promifed to be the 
 moft eflcclu.-il means thole members prel'cnt could take ; and, I do coiijefture, will be now 
 fo by them acknowledged, as the appearance and circuinflances of every matter then prc- 
 fenttd itfelf to us. 
 
 APPENDIX
 
 • [ ICO 3 
 
 A P P E N D I X. No. 4. 
 
 At the Eaft India Houfe, Thurfclay, December 2 1762. 
 
 Prefent, All the Commiflaiies, Eriglifli and Dutch. 
 
 The Dutch commiflaries acknowledging the candour of the Englifli, in fending them co- 
 pies of their treaties with the Nabobs, obferved, that a 13th article, as tranlmitted by Colo- 
 nel Clive to the government of Chinfurah, and inferted in the Appendix to their memorial, 
 page 12, is not to be foundin either of thofe treaties ; the EngliOi commiiraries difavowcd all 
 knowledge of that article : with this declaration the others leemed much fatisfied, faying, 
 that if this article had ftood confirmed, it would have been the grcateft grievance they had to 
 complain of. 
 
 Letter from the Englifli commllTaries to Lord Clive, relative to the tjth article, and Lord 
 
 Clive's anfwer thereto. 
 
 At the Eaft India Houfe, Tuefday the 14th of December 1762. 
 
 Prefent, All the Englifli Commiflaries. Alfo, Mr. Dunning. 
 
 A letter was agreed upon, by the gentlemen, to Lord Clive, to be figned by the fecretary, 
 defiring his lordfhip to enable them to clear up the difiiculty with the Dutch commifl"aries, 
 concerning the 13th article of the treaty with Jaffier Aly Khan, inierted in the 12th page 
 of the Appendix to the memorial of the Dutch Company ; the faid letter being as follows : 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 In the courfe of the conferences between the Engllfh and Dutch commifltiries, the latter 
 have very ftrongly preflTed the point of the letter and article mclofed from your lordfliip to 
 Mr. Bifdom, as mentioned in the 12th article of the Appendix to their memorial : — In reipcft 
 of the article, the Englifh commiflaries have given the anfwe.- your lor''fliip infl:ru£led them 
 to give in your letter to Mr. Rous, of the 1 8th of Auguft, that is, that it was in the Per- 
 fian language, and had been mifinterpreted ; but they obxrve, that the letter in which this 
 article was inclofed, fpeaks of it as a 13th article, which had been i'olemnly ratified and 
 confirmed by oath, on one fide by the Nabob, and on the other by the Englifli Eafl: India 
 Company — Whereas the treaty appears to confill of 12 articles, and therefore the Dutch in- 
 flnuate, that whether the article, as they have printed it, be well or ill tranflatcd from that 
 inclofed in your lordfhip's letter; the letter itlelf, which fpeaks of a 13th article, muft be a 
 mifreprefentation, and in this way the Englifli commiflaries apprehend they mean to impeach 
 the credit of your lordfhip's atteftation, on which our defence chiefly refl;s. 
 
 I am ordered by the gentlemen to communicate this to ycur lordfliip, and to add, that as 
 they have no doubt but your lordfhip can, they truft you will, enable thcni to clear up this 
 difiiculty. 
 
 I am, with the greateft rcfpeft, 
 
 Your lordflilp's moft obedient, 
 Eaft India Houfe, and moft humble fcrvant, 
 
 the 14th Dec. 1762. Robert James, Secretary. 
 
 Right honourable Lord Clive. 
 
 Wednefday, the 15th Dec. 1762. 
 
 Received the following anfwer of this date from Lord Clive, to the letter fent his lordfliip 
 yeftcrday, by order of the Englifli Commiflaries, \iz. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 I dcfire you will inform the gentlemen of the Committee, that I think I cannot explain 
 myfelf much more fully on the fubjeft than I have already done. I do remember to have 
 wrote fuch a letter as is fet forth in the 12th page of the Appendix in the Dutch memorial ; 
 but as I am without a copy of that letter, I cannot he certain the article I fent Mr. Bifdom 
 was called the 13th ; if it was, it muft be a miftake in the interjircter, becaul'c I do not un- 
 derftand Perflan, and all the articles were wrote in that language ; but as I did inclofe to 
 Mr. Bifdom an article, I do verily believe, nay I am almoft certain, it muft be the fccond 
 article which has been falfely tranflatcd to fcrve a particular purpofe ; and I muft inflft upon 
 it, if what they call the 13th article fliould prove to be, verbatim, the fame as the fecund ar- 
 ticle, which can only be proved by producing the Perfian article itfelf, it muft prove, tWat 
 there never exifted a 13th, becaufe it would be abfurd to repeat the fame article twice. 
 
 As
 
 C lo^ ] 
 
 As to the folemn ratification and confirmation by oath, &c. that might have been fcnt 
 with the Perfian article, to enforce it with Mr. EilJom, though it be no part of that parti' 
 cular article, but belongs to, and fuccecds, the whole. 
 
 1 am. Sir, your niofl obedient humble fcrvant, 
 Berkeley Square, Clive. 
 
 15th Dec. 1762. 
 
 Robert James, Efquirc. 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 5. 
 
 Letter from Mr. Drake, &:c. dated 14th July 1757. 
 
 To the honourable the Secret Committee for affairs of the honourable United Company of 
 Merchants of England, trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 
 Honourable Sirs, 
 J. We have given you a full account of the ftate of thefe provinces, and our tranfaf^ions, 
 to the 26th M;jrch ; triplicate of which advices were forwarded by his majefty's {loop of war, 
 the King's Fifher. 
 
 2. This letter is purpofcly to acquaint you of a happy revolution in the government of 
 this kingdom, in favour of Jaffier Aly Khan, of the part we took in this aff'air, and our 
 motives for it ; and of the advantages obtained, by efpoufing the prefent Subah's caufe, and 
 placing the ("way in his hands. 
 
 3. On the firfl: of May Colonel Clive laid before us two letters he had received from Mr. 
 Watts, dated the 26th and 28th April, in which, after fome obfervations on the ftrangenel's 
 of the Nabob's behaviour, and that all degrees of people were pcrfuaded he would break with 
 us upon the firft favourable opportunity, he proceeds to inform the Colonel, that Jaffier Aly 
 Khan had fent forCoja Petrofe, and given him to undcrftand, that moil of the Nabob's 
 princi,)ul officers were tired of his government, and ready to dcl'ert him and fct up another, 
 if we would countenance and fupport the confederacy with the affiftanc.' of our troops : that 
 if we approved of this fchcme, he defired our demands of what monies, lands, &:c. would 
 induce us to engage in the bufincfs. — In the lafl of the al)OvenientioueJ letters Mr. Watts 
 repeats his apprehcnfions of the Nabob's dcfign to break the treaty he inade with us, urges a 
 fpeedy anfwer might he fent to Jaffier Aly Khan's propoial, and gives it as his opinion, the 
 projeft wasfeafible, and might be executed without much difficulty. 
 
 4. As a propofition of this importance required our mofl I'erious conlideration, we accord- 
 ingly debated maturely the confequences of embracing this offer, and whether it fliould be 
 accepted or declined. — After a long confultation, in which every realon for and flu;ainfi: the 
 fchcme was colle£led, and deliberately argued on; it was the ui.animous feni'e of the Com- 
 mittee, that a revolution in the government, whatever hands it fell into, would fe advanta- 
 geous to the Englifli ; that there could be no hurt in trying to effeft it, as our good under- 
 flandingwith Serajah Dovvla was extremely precarious, and a rupture with him univerfaily 
 expeffcd as foon as the fquadron and ariny left us ; and that by joining Jaffier Aly Khan, to 
 fup|>lant him, we fliould obtain, in all probability, very beneficial terms fo,- the Company, 
 as well as live free of any apprehcnfions from the country government, liut as the/e gene- 
 ral realons would not have juftified our embarking the Comjiany in fuch an undertaking, and 
 hazarding a breach with Serajah Dowla, after concluding the peace we did, we think it ne- 
 ccflary to recite at large our motives for engaging in a confederacy to change the govern- 
 ment, and doubt not they will be efteemed luHicient by our employers, to vindicate our pro- 
 ceedings. 
 
 5. I'irft, it was evident to us, from the whole tenor of the Nabob's behaviour fince the 
 peace, that wecouUI not pofiibly rely on his frienJIliip; and mat the treaty made with him 
 would foon be violated, when once he thought himlclf fuperior to us in ftrcngth ; his delay 
 in performing the agreement, many of the articles being at that time as far from being com- 
 pleted a^at firfl: ; the evafion of giving us any fatisfaftion for the lofTes fufFered by our inha- 
 bitants, through Monichund's means; the (mall fum of money which was pretended to be 
 given credit for in his Sircarry, being fcarcc a tenth part of the lofs fuftained by the Euro- 
 peans alone; with fcveral other parts of his conduft ; were fo many convincing proofs, that 
 his fricnddiipwas infinccre ; and that he could not abide by his treaty, which the exigency 
 of his (ituation alone inclined him to make. 
 
 6. Secondly, There was ihcgrcateft reafon to iinagine he was an utter enemy to the Eng- 
 lifh, and privately endeavouring to l)ring in the I- rcnch, with proniiles of joining them a- 
 gainft us. ^Vc were conlirmed in this opinion, frtmi the great averfion he Ihcwed to our 
 molefting the French at Clumilernagore ; his cfpnufing and protetfting Monfieur Law and 
 his party after that place was taken ; his keeping them in his pay; and the certain intelli- 
 gence we had received from all quarters, of his writing frequently to Moniieur BoufTe, fend- 
 ing him large prelonts, and inviting him to march this way. — This was (b notorious, that it 
 was publicly talked of and known, his Collids pafling almoft daily through Ballalbre ; and 
 but a few days before, fomc elephants and icerpaws arrived at that place, in their pallagc to 
 Monfieur Boufie's camp. 
 
 Cc ?. Laft'v,
 
 [ IC2 ] 
 
 7. Laftly, There was greal room to think he did not m:an well, by the orders he hfcd 
 given to tortify Cutwah, and the removing of Suffras Cawn's family from Dacca into Poora- 
 
 nea. The interruption our boats and people met with in their %vay to Coflimbuzar, con- , 
 
 trary to the treaty of peace, with many adtions of the lame nature, which put it beyond rJl 
 doubt, that this dillike and jealou(y of our nation was rooted ; and that he would not mils 
 any opportunity of ruining our affairs, and extirpating the Englifli out ot his country. — Ii 
 was therefore but common prudence to prevent our own ruin ; which could not be done id 
 efFcflually any other way, than by divefting the Nabob of the power of hurting us. 
 
 8. Another inducement to undertake this affair, was the univerfal hatred of all forts and 
 conditions of men to Serajah Dowla ; the affcftion of his army alienated from him, by his 
 ill uiage of the officers ; and a revolution fo generally wiflied for, that it is probal'le it 
 would be attempted (and perhaps fucccfsful) even without our afiiftance ; in which cafe it 
 would have availed us but little : whereas by countenancing the confederacy, and fupporting 
 it with our whole force, we might make our own terms, benefit our employers, both bypre- 
 fent and future advantages, do a genera! good, procure lome fatisfaftion to the inhabitant": 
 of our colony for their heavy lodes in the capture, eftablifh the tranquillity of the country, 
 and bv that means open a greater currency than ever to our bufinefs ; and laftly, cut ofF the 
 expeiSlation of the French, and keep them totally out of thefe dominions. 
 
 9. Motives fo interefting, and founded upon the prime law of felf-prefervation, deter- 
 mined us to embrace the propofal made by Jjffier A!y Khan, provided adequate terms werr 
 granted in conlideration of entering into a frefli war with the Nabob, whofe confequence 
 muft have proved vpry detrimental to our affairs, if the fuccefs of it had not been anfwcr- 
 able to our expeftations. Accordingly, after fome confideration, the following demands 
 were eftecmcd equitable and reafonable to be alked, viz. That our firmaund and the privileges 
 acquired by the treaty with Scrajah Dowla, be confirmed, and punctually complied with; 
 that rcflitution be made of the Company's whole lofs, and the lofs of the European inhabi- 
 tants of Calcutta; that our bounds be augmented; that we have liberty to fortify Coflim- 
 buzar; that an offenfive and defenfive alliance be made againft all enemies of both parties, 
 as well Europeans as others ; and that the French be not permitted to refettle in thefe pro- 
 vinces ; that the Moors do not fortify within twenty miles of the river fide from F.ughley 
 down to Ingellic ; and that the revenues of a certain track of land be made over and afligned 
 to us, in confideration of our maintaining a good body of troops. Thefe terms were accord- 
 ingly tranfmitted to Mr. Watts, to get Janier Aiy Khan to affent to them. 
 
 10. On the 17th May, colonel Clive laid before us a letter from Mr. Watts, with fuch 
 articles of agreement as Jaffier Aly Khan's confidant had affured him v.ould be accepted of, 
 and requcfting, that if they were approved of by the admiral and committee, they might be 
 ingroffcd in cypher, figncdand fealed by them, and returned to him to get them executed by 
 Jaffier Aly Khan : as thofe articles were greatly more advantageous for the Company than 
 the terms we had demanded, there could be no o' jeftion to them on our p^rt ; they were ac- 
 cordingly approved of, and ordered to he ingroffed with Ibme alterations, relating to the fa- 
 tisfaftion of private fufferers. The fubftance of them you will find in the tranilate of the 
 Perfian treaty, herewith tranfmitted for your olifervaiion. 
 
 11. In order to prevent the Icaft fufpicion of what we were doing, our troops were ordered 
 into quarters, part of them in Calcutta, and part in Chandernagore ; and the Nabob wrote 
 to (agreeable to Jaffier Aly Khan's advice) to recall his army encamped at Plaffey and Dand- 
 pore. 
 
 12. Matters being advanced thus far, it was next judged proper to obtain, if poffible, a 
 perional conference between Jafiier Aly Khan, and fome perfon of truft and confidence on 
 our part : to effeiS this, without alarming the Nabob's fufpicions, it was proposed for the 
 colonel to fend the Nabob a letter by Mr. Scrafton's hands, acquainting hiin, tliat he had 
 an affair of conl'cquence to communicate, by which means Mr. Scrafton might have an op- 
 poitunity of feeing Jaffier Aly Khan, and confer with him on the plan of operations for ex- 
 ecuting our projtd ; to allure hiin of our attachment to his interefi; ; and to u!e his endea- 
 vours to get fuch ibcurity as could well be given, without difcovering the Icheme. 
 
 13. On the 19th May the treaty being ingroffed in the manner Mr. Watts had requellcd, 
 it was figncd and fealed l>y the admiral and the members of the committee. 
 
 14. From that time till the nth June, the colonel received feveral letters from Mr. Watt;, 
 confirming us in the opinion we had conceived of the Nabob's writing to Monficur Boufle 
 to march this way, and extirpate the Englifli. Thefe letters likewife gave a derail of the 
 prcgrefs of our negotiation with Jaffier Aly Khan, who on the 15th ultimo figned, fealed, 
 and Iblcmnly fwore in the prefence of Mr. Watts, to abide by the treaty he had made with 
 the Englifli ; and to perform punflually the agreement on his part, as foon as he was in pof- 
 Icffion of the fubahfliip. 
 
 15. Mlrza Omar Beg, on the nth ultimo, arrived at the French gardens, where we a f- 
 fembled acommiitec, and had the treaty in Perfian executed by Jaffier Alv Khan, delivered 
 us by the abovcmentioned perfon, who gave us the grcateft airurances of his fricndfhip and 
 efleem for the Englilh ; that there woukl be very little difficulty in efft£ling a change of go- 
 vernment ; and that we mlgiit depend upon it, Jaffier Aly Khan would be punctual in per- 
 forming every article of his agreement. 
 
 16. Mr.
 
 C »63 ] 
 
 16. Mr. W'ntts, his letters all urging the immediate march of our troops towards Muxa- 
 davad ; and the committee tor m<»ny rcalons judging it beft to lofe no time, as this appeared 
 the moll favourable conjunfturc we could have to fuccecd in our enterprize ; and as a delay 
 iniglit not only produce a difcovery of our confederacy, and conlequently the ruin of our 
 projefl, hut would greatly diminiOi out flrength, while the Nabob would have time to aug- 
 ment his army, by ca'ling in his troops from all quitters, and inlifting others; it was there- 
 fore refolved to let out immediately, and on the 13111 of June our troops began their 
 marcli. 
 
 17. On the iQtIi or 20th June, Cutwali town and fort (a ftrong place) was taken by our 
 troops, where the colonel remained two or three days, to get (bme advice or letter from Jaf- 
 ficr Aly Khan, having received hut one in his way up. — The 26ih June we had tiie pleal'ure 
 to receive a letter from him, with the news of a complete viftory obtained over Scrajah Dow- 
 la, in the plains of Pialley ; his whole army and himfelf being tied, and we in poU'eflion of 
 his camp, ordnance, &:c. That Jafficr Aly Khan, Roydoolub, and Luttcr Caun, had ob- 
 Ifervcd a neutrality during the engagement, and were with the colonel at the time of writing 
 of his letter. 
 
 18. On the 29th we received the agreeable news of Jafficr Aly Khan's being in poffeflion 
 01 the city and kila of Muxadavad; that Serajah Dowla had withdrawn privately, but it was 
 not doubted would be foon taken ; and that Mohunloll was prifoner at the city. In a letter 
 of the 30lh June, colonel Clive acquainted us of his having fcatcd Jafiier Aly Khan in the 
 niuffnud ; and that he had received the homages of his jemidars and people, as fubah of the 
 provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Oriffa. 
 
 19. We now beg leave to congratulate you, honourable Sirs, and the Company, on cur 
 fuccefs in this important bufineCs, and the happy change of government eftablilhed in thefe 
 dominions fo fortunately and fpeedily. Our lof:, has been but very trifling, not above 20 
 Europeans being killed, and wounded. 
 
 20. The advantages of the treaty made with llie prefent Nabob, are too apparent to want 
 anycomrri'-nt, if the terms are punftually complied with, which we have not the leaft rea- 
 Ibn to doubt; hut we riiuft take the liberty to recommend to your fcrious confiJeration, the 
 prtfcrvation of the grants and privileges acquired by this revolution, which can be done only 
 by keeping up a large body of troops in the country : as it is the Company's interellto exert 
 themfelvcson this occafion, we make no doubt you will immediately enlift, and fend out a 
 fufficient number of recruits, to make a refpcfiable garrifon in Bengal, which lliould confift 
 of a body of two thoufand Europeans at leaft, which expences we think will be overpaid by 
 the advantages of our acquifitions ; we flatter ourfeives, therefore, you will not, on any 
 account, negleft the fending fuch a body of Europeans as we have mentioned to be neceffa- 
 ry : this we are of opinion will be the only method of preventing, in future, the encroach- 
 ments of the country government, to make our fricndfliip and alliance courted, to carry on 
 our trade on the fccurefl footing, and to oppole the rc-lettlemcnt of the French in theic pro- 
 vinces. 
 
 21. Upon examining the treafury, Roydoolub pretended there was but one crore and 50 
 lack of rupees in bnlance : this obliged colonel Clive to go to the city himfelf, in order to be 
 near the Nabob. This letter of the 30th ultimo informs us to put an end to all heartburn- 
 ings and jealoufjes between us and the Nabob; he agreed to refer the affair to Juggutfeat's 
 arbitration: that the Nabob and he accordingly went there ; and after fome ccnfideraiion, 
 Juggutfeat dufircd the colonel would not infift immediately on the full payment cf the funis 
 ftipulatcd in the treaty; but that half fhould be made good without delay, in money and 
 jewels; the other half to be paid in three years, at three annual and equal payments. Thefe 
 terms the Colonel con fented to, as they were better than he expefted, confideiing the lownefs 
 of the Nabob's treafury ; fince which we learn, that one third in fpecie of the whole was 
 aftually embarking on boats for Calcutta. 
 
 22. But as the bad conllquenccs of deferring the payment of any part of the money, ap- 
 peared to us too evident to be allowed of, if it could be avoided, we have wrote the Colonel 
 our fcntiments thereon, and defirtd the gentlemen of tlie Sclc(ft Committee, who are at Mux- 
 adavad, to ufe their bcfl endeavours to obtain immediate payment; but if that is not to be 
 dons, to get fome good fecurity from the Nabob to abide by his contra£l ; that for our parts, 
 we fbould pr'fer juggetfcat's engaging to fee it punftually made good; and next to that fe- 
 curity, a mortgage of liich lands contiguous to Calcutta, whofe revenues will be equal to the 
 fum to be received by us annually. 
 
 23. Having given you, honourable Sirs, a very particular detail of our tranfatHions, fince 
 engaging in the confederacy, to let up |a(licr Aly Khan, we have reafon to flatter ourfeives 
 you will approve of our conduft through the whole of this nice, but neceilary, ftcp. 
 
 24. Mr. Manningham is gone up to Muxadavad to alTift in haftcning the completion of the 
 treaty, and fettling fuch matters as relate to the mercantile part of it. 
 
 25. By a K.itcr' from Colonel Clive, dated the 3orh June late at night, we learnt tliat 
 Scrajah Dowla was taken ; and by another letter of the fourth inftant, we are informed vi 
 liis being cut ofl' by faffier Ally Khnn'sfon and others. 
 
 26. Tranquillity being eftablifhed by the change, we have advice of people's minds more 
 at eafc, and no apprchcnfions of trouble from the government remaining. We have begui* 
 the purchafc of this year's invcflment, by fending money to the different aurungs ; and 
 
 hope,-
 
 [ 104 1 
 
 hope, with the afliftance of the goods received from Serajah Dowla at our fubordinates and 
 aurungs, to be able to fend the Company a handfome return from this prefidency. 
 
 27. As the fum of money to be received from the Nabob, even if Juggutfcat's determi- 
 nation is to ftand good, will greatly exceed our demands for the inveftment ; we propofe to 
 advertize, that all iiitireft notes will be difcharged upon being tendered ; and that, m cafe 
 the proprietors do not I'ue for payment before the firft day of Oftober next, the intereft will 
 ceai'e from that day. This will eafe the Company of a very heavy burthen, and we hope 
 will prove very agiecable news. In this place wc muft beg leave to remark, that by Juggut- 
 fcat's determination, the Company are to receive, for three years Ihcccffively, the fum cf 
 i6 lacks and two thirds of rupees in fpetic, which, with the fale of your annual imports, 
 and the amount of bills of exchange that we fhall be under a neccffity of granting, will be 
 fully fufficicnt, we imagmc, for the refpeflive inveftments of thofe three years, without 
 obliging the Company to run the rilquc of any bullion for the fupply of this prelidency, till 
 that term of years is expired. 
 
 28. Thele advices are difpatched in triplicates to the Seleft Committee of Bombay, to 
 be forwarded to Europe by them, by the quickeft conveyances, either by Ihipping or by 
 land. We fliall endeavour to fend copies to Fort St. George, to he forwarded trom thence 
 to Europe ; and fliall difpatch the Diligent fchooner about the middle of next month diredly 
 home, with another copy of thispacquet; by which means we hope the Company will get 
 the intelligence of what has happened in Bengal before the flups of next fealbn leave 
 England. 
 
 29. Since writing thus far, the money from Muxadavad is arrived. 
 
 We are, with the greateft refpeft, honourable Sirs, 
 Fort William, your moft faithful humble fervants, 
 
 Hth July 1757. Roger Drake Jun. 
 
 Richard Becher. 
 Proceedings 17th May 1757. 
 
 Fort William, the 17th May 1757. 
 Tuefday, 17th May 1757. 
 
 At a Committee ; Prefcnt, 
 The honourable Roger Drake, Efquire, Prefident, 
 Robert Ciive, Eiquire, 
 James Kilpatrick, Efquire, 
 Richard Becher, Efquire, 
 The proceedings of the 12th inllant being wrote fair, were now read, approved, and 
 figned. 
 
 Colonel Clive lays the following letter from Mr. Watts to him, before the Committee; 
 which being read, contained as follows : 
 
 Copy of Mr. Watts, his letter to Colonel Clive, dated the 14th May. 
 I received a letter two days ago from Mr. Scrafton, wherein he writes Omichund, that 
 you have agreed to give him 5 percent, on whatever money he may receive on the new con- 
 tra£t. As I by no means think he merits fuch a favour, or has afted fo difinterefted a part 
 as I once imagined, I have not mentioned the 5 per cent, to him. The particulars relatmg 
 to him, that are come to my knowledge, are thefe: when our treaty was concluded with the 
 Nabob, and the 20,000 gold mohurs agreed to be given in conlidcratioa of the plunder of 
 Calcutta, the Nabob had agreed with Rungeet Roy and Omichund to pay 20,000 gold mo- 
 hurs more, which they told the Nabob was to be given among the leading men in Calcutta, 
 for affcnting to the treaty ; befides which, the Nabob agreed to give 2 lack of rupees, half 
 of which Omichund agreed Rungeet Roy was to have ; 25,000 rupees lie wr.s himfelf to 
 have; and the other 75,000 rupees was to be difpofed of to whom Omichund thought proper 
 to favour. Thefe particulars I had from Omichund himfelf; and from very cood authority 
 have been lately informed, that on the Nabob's arrival here, Rungeet Roy was very preiling 
 with him to comply with his promifc of paying the 20,000 mohurs, and the lack of rupees, 
 in hopes of getting poflefiicn of the lack of rupees, which the Naljob was not inclinable to 
 pav. — This Omichund obferved, and in order to gain favour, at a [Jtopcr time he told the 
 Nabob, that if Rungeet Roy was fuffered to interfere in our affairs, the Nabob would be 
 obliged to pay the alx)ve funis ; but if he dilr:;iaced him, he would fave the money. — This 
 advice the Nabob followed, and Omichund, in conlideration of this advice, got purwannaiis 
 and orders to the feveral aurungs, to have his money, goods, and efTeiSls, delivered up.^— . 
 To corroborate what I have been informed of, I this day aiked Omichund, if I fliouid apply 
 to the Nabob for the money ; but he advifcs me ftrenuoully againfl it, faying, it was a fccret 
 contraft, and by no means proper for me to mention, but he would lumieif think of means 
 to get it. — I fliewcd the articles you lent up to Omichund, who did not approve of thcni, 
 but infifted on my demanding for him 5 per cent, on all the Nabob's trcafure, wliich would 
 amount to two crore of rupees, befides a quarter of all his wealth ; and that Metr |aflier 
 fliould oblige himfelf to take from the Zemindars no more than they paid in Jaificr Cawn's 
 time. — To fecure Roydoolub to his intercfl, he propofed giving him a quarter part of what- 
 ever they could dupe Meer JafTicr out of. — Thefe, and many other articles, in which lijs
 
 [ '05 ] 
 
 own ambition, cunning, and avaricious views, were the chief motives, he pofitively infillccf 
 on, and would not be prevailed upon to rccec'e from one article, — Perceiving his obftinacy 
 would only ruin our affairs, and that we fliould alarm the jealoufy, and lofe the good opini- 
 on, of all people, and that the accompliilimcnt ot his treaty (if agreed ro) would take Ibmc 
 years ; Mcer Jafficr likewiie having exprcffed an utter diftruft and difguft at his being any 
 ways concerned in the treaty, and as delays arc dangerous ; I therefore, with Petrofe, had a 
 meeting with Meer Jaffier's confidant, who fets out to-day with the accompanying articles, 
 which he lays, he is lure Meer JafTicr will comply with : If the Admiral and Committee 
 therefore approve of them, I requeft you will get the articles wrote on large thin paper, ia 
 cypher ; the Ihect to be divided into two columns. On the firft divifion the agreement to be 
 wrote in cypher ; which is to be figned by the Admirals ; you, the Committee and Council, 
 affirming in the name of (jod, and our Saviour, that you will aliide by this agreement. — 
 In the fecond divifion I fliuU write the agreement in Englifh ; and on the third it will be 
 wrote in Perfian. — Thele two hill I fhall fign and feal when the articles are agreed to. — Meer 
 Jaffier defires to know your opinion with regard to the operations of war. — He thinks it 
 advif'eabie for you to write to the Nabob, that agreeable to his defire, and on promifc of his 
 doing the fame, you h?.d withdrawn your forces. That while his continued in the field, and 
 the Company's bulin^Ms nuft con inue ftopt, and that they could not think of rifquing their 
 money to the Aurungs, while neither a boaf, nor European, could pafs without moleftation. 
 — You therefore requeft him, either to comply with his promile recalling his troops to the 
 city, or let you know his real fentiments, that you may lake pioper meaiui-es accordingly. — 
 If the Nabob fliould comply, Mec Jaffier will acquaint you with his fentinicnts how further 
 to proceed. — If he rcfules, other meafures muft be punued. I declare folemnly before God, 
 that what relates to Omiciiund is ftrlflly true; and the information of hiui relatmg to Run- 
 geet Roy I had from good authority ; but I requeft you will, for the prefent, keep it an in- 
 violable fecret ; you muft be fenfible the critical fituation of our affairs require it. 
 
 Articles fent by Mr. Watts for the approbation of the committee. 
 
 ift. That Meer Jaffier will confirm all the grants made the Englifli by the prefent N^bob. 
 
 2d. That he will make an alliance with the Englilh, offenfive and dcfcidive, againft all 
 enemies, either country, or European. 
 
 2d. Wherever the F rench are in the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, ana OrilTa, to be de- 
 livered up, with all their eftefts and faftories, and they never permitted again ta fettle in 
 either of the laid provinces. 
 
 4th. On account of the Company's loffes and expences, to be paid them one crore of 
 rupees. 
 
 5th. On account of the lofi"es of Europeans, 30 laaks. 
 
 6th. On account of Jentoos, 30 laaks. 
 
 7th. On account of Armenians, 15 laaks. 
 
 8th. On account of Omichund, 30 laaks. 
 
 Qth. Whatever gr<Hind there is within the Calcutta ditch, belonging to the Zemindars, to 
 be given up to the Rngliih, and 6co yards without the ditch all round. 
 
 10th. A tra£l of land, whole rents in the Mogul's books amount to iOO,ooo rupees year- 
 ly, to be bought at a reafonable rate, from the Zemindars, and the Nabob to affiii us in the 
 purchafe ; we paying the annual piflicafli or revenues, as ufual, to the Nabob: whatever 
 profit may arile from this Zemindary to go towards paying the Englifh military. 
 
 nth. Whenever the Nabob wants the alfiftance of our army, the extraordinary expences 
 to be paid by him. 
 
 The committee then proceeded to the examination of the foregoing articles. To tlie firft 
 four, and the 9th, loth, and nth, they make no objeftion, but rather cfteem them ex- 
 tremely beneficial to our employers; the 5th, 6th, and 7th, it is judged proper to alter, as 
 we do not think the allowances made there, will bear a juft proportion to the real loflcs of 
 the refpeflive people : — The committee therefore think, that the fum for European loflTes 
 fhould be incrcafed to 50 laaks ; — That the fum for jcntoo loflcs fhould be reducid to 20 
 laaks; and the Armenian lollbs to 7 laaks. — Thefe refpe£livc fums to he divided among the 
 Europeans, jentoos, and Armenians, in fuch manner as fliall apjjcar moft equitable to Ad- 
 mirals Watfon and Pocock ; and the Seleft Committee, or the latter alone, fliould the ad- 
 mirals not be on the fpot at the time ; and that the diftribution they make, fliall be liable 
 to no conteft or appeal. 
 
 The article in favour of Omichund, the committee think, fliould be totally left out, as 
 his behaviour rather merits 'hfgrace and punifhment at our hands, than fuch a ftipnlation in 
 his behalf. — The committee likewife think, two other articles fliould be added; viz. 
 
 That the Moors do not fortify by the river fide, below Houghly. 
 
 That the whole of this agreement be fully complied with within one month from his being 
 feated as Nabob, at Muxadavad, or any other city, within the provinces ol Bengal, Bahar, 
 and Oriffa. 
 
 It was then confidcrcd, how we might deceive Omichund, and prevent a difcovery of the 
 whole projeft, which we run the rifquc of, Ihould we hefitate or refufe to infift on the un- 
 reasonable gratification he cxpefls and demands; and on the other hand, it would be highly 
 improper to ftipulate, much m^re to demand, with any obftinacy, fuch extravagant terms 
 
 D d from
 
 [ io6 ] 
 
 from Mcer Jaffier, for a perfon wlio can be of no fervice in the intended revolution ; to on 
 the other, it would be dangerous to provoke a man of Oniichund's charafler, by feeming to 
 take no care at all of his interefts, and llighting his weight and influence, which might 
 prompt him to make a facrifice of us, and rum our affairs entirely. 
 
 For thefe reafons we think it will be neceflary to form a double treaty, both to be figned 
 by Meer Taffier, and by us; in one of which, the article in favour of Omichund is to be 
 infcrted in the other, to be kft out ; and Meer Jaffier is to be informed of that which ws 
 defit^n to abide by, and efteem authentic, with our reafons for taking luch a flep. 
 
 A conference with Meer Jaffier being necclfary, on this and other accounts, and a diffi- 
 culty arifing how to obtain one, without giving lufpicion ; it is propofed, that the colonel 
 do write the Nabob a letter, acquainting him that Mr. Scrafton has an affair of great mo- 
 ment to communicate to his private ear; and in order to gain the Nabob's confidence, and 
 incline him to think us fincere in our friendfhip for him, it is agreed, that Mr. Scrafton 
 carry Balleray's letter to the prefident, and fliew it the Nabob, on his promife of returning 
 it; by which artifice, Mr. Scrafton may have an opportunity, in his way up, to confer with 
 Meer Jaffier (now encamped near Kilinagur) on the following fubjefts ; viz. 
 
 To fettle a plan of operation for carrying our projeft into execution ; to perfuade him of 
 the moderation of our demands ; to explam to him the part Omichund is afting; an 1 affure 
 him of our conftancy and attachment to his caufe ; that our requeft for his not fortify'mg 
 below Houghly, is not on account of any apprehenfions we entertain of his integrity, but 
 to provide againft any defigns of his fucccifiars ; and. In fine, that Mr. Scrafton ufe his en- 
 deavours to get fuch fecurity, as can well be given, without dilcovcring the fcheme, that 
 we may have no room to fulpeft any treachery. 
 
 Roger Drake, Junior. 
 
 Robert C;ive. 
 
 Richard Becher. 
 
 Proceedings, 19th May 1757. Fort William, 19th May 1757. 
 Thurfday, 19th May 1757. 
 
 At a Committee ; Prefent, 
 
 The honourable Roger Drake, Efquire, Prefilent. 
 James Killpatrick, Eiquire, Richard Becher, Elqulre. 
 
 The proceedings of the 17th infl-ant, being wrote fair, were now read, approved, and figned. 
 Received a letter from Colonel Ciive, inclofi.ig the real and fif^\iaous articles of agieement 
 which he defircs we will fign, as we may obferve dispatch is necelfary : by the copy ot a let- 
 ter he now fends for our perulal, from M;. Watts, he 'nfonrs us, there are no alterations 
 to the articles we agreed upon, excepting its being left to Mr. Watts his difcretion, to de- 
 mand either a crore, or 50 laaks for the Compinv, a? he rinds Mcer Jalfier difpoicf ; and an 
 additional article annexed, b'nding ihe afore. aid Jaffier Ally Cawn, to the performance of 
 the contraft, under the mod folemn oaths; and that we, on our part, will affift him with 
 our whole force, to eftabhfh him in the government. 
 
 Read, Mr. Watts his letter to the Colonel, dated'the i6th inftant ; wherein he informs 
 him, that Meer Jaffier had fent a blank paper, with his feal affixed, for the articles to be 
 wrote on: he recommends the agieement therefore to be returned him with the utmoft haftc, 
 and every thing will be finiflied in two hours. 
 
 Read, The agreement tranfmitted by Colonel Cllve, to be executed by Admiral Watfon, 
 and the Committee ; which being approved, was now figned. 
 
 Ordered, It be entered after this day's proceedings. 
 
 Roger Drake, Junior, Richard Becher. 
 
 Tranflation of the treaty executed by Meer Jaffier. 
 (Wrote in his own hand) 
 I fvyear by God, and the prophet of God, to abide by the terms of this treaty whilfl I 
 have life. 
 
 / 
 
 Meer Mahmud Jaffier 
 
 Khan Bahadr, 
 
 Servant of King 
 
 Aalumgecr. 
 
 Treaty made with the Admiral, and Colonel Clirc, Sabut Jung Bahadr, and the other 
 Counfellors and Mr. Drake, and Mr. Watts. 
 ifl. Whatever articles were agreed upon in the time of peace, with the Nabob Serajah 
 Dowla Munfuruhnemalek Shah K«lli Khan Bahadr Hybut Jung, I agree to con\plv with. 
 
 ' ?-d. The
 
 L 107 ] 
 
 2d. Thf cnetnie? of tlie Englifh arc my enemies, whether they be Indians or Europeans. 
 
 3d. All the ertefts and faftorks belonging to the ]• rench in the provinces of Beneal (die 
 paradife of nations) and Bahar and OriUa, Ihall remain in the pofleflion of the EnTliih nor 
 will I ever allow them any more to fettle in the three provinces. 
 
 4th. In confuieration of the lolFes which the Englifli Company have fuftaineJ by the cap- 
 ture and plunder of Calcutta by the Nabob, and the charges occafioned by the maintenance 
 of their forces, I will give them one crorc of rupees. 
 
 5th. P'or the efFefts plundered from the Englifh inhabitants of Calcutta, I agree to ^ive 
 50 laak of rupees. 
 
 6th. For the effefts plundered from the Jentoos, MufTulmen, and other fubjefts of Cal- 
 cutta, twenty laak of rupees fiiall be given. 
 
 7th. For the effefts plundered from the Armenian inhabitants of Calcutta, I will give the 
 fum of feven laak of rupi.es. — The diftnbution of the fum allotted the natives, Enolifh in- 
 habitants, Jentoos, and Muffulmen, fhall be left to the Admiral and Colonel Clive, Saliut 
 Jung Bahadr, and the rell of the Committee, to be diipofed of by them, to whom they 
 think proper. 
 
 8th. Within the ditch which furround the borders of Calcutta, .ire trafts of Isnd belong- 
 ing to feveral Zemindars, and all the ofFu, befides this, 1 will grant the Englifh Company 
 fix hundred yards without the ditch. 
 
 9th. All the land lying to the fouth of Calcutta, as far as C.lpee, fhall be under the 2e- 
 inindary of the Englifh Company, and all the officers of thofc parts fhall be under their ju- 
 rifdiftion. — The revenues to be paid by them (the Company) in the fame manner with other 
 Zemindars. 
 
 loth. Whenever I demand the Englifh afliflance, I will be at the charge of the maintenance 
 ©f them. 
 
 nth. I will not erc£l anv new fortifications below Muglily, near the river Ganges.' 
 
 I2th. As foon as I am eftablifhed in the government of the three provinces, the aforefaid 
 fums (ha'l be faithfully paid. 
 
 Dated 15th Ramzan, in the 4th year of the reign. 
 
 Six Letters frbni Serajah Dowla to the French, and one from Mr. Law. 
 
 No. I. Suppofed to be wrote the latter end of February 1757. 
 
 Serajah Dowlah, to the exalted in ftation, greateff among groat officers, the fnpport ai 
 
 friendfllip, Monlieur Bufie Bahadre. 
 
 The dilTurbers of my country, the Admiral and Colonel Clive, Sabut fung, whom bad 
 fortune attends witiiour any realon whatever, are waning againft Zubdatcok I'ooiah, Mon- 
 lieur Rennault, the ,;;ovcrnor of Chandernagorc : This you will learn from his letters, I, 
 \who in all things 'etk the good of mankind, allifi: him in every rei'peff, and have fent hira 
 the beft of niy troops that he may join with them and fiyht the Englifli ; and if it becomes 
 necclfarv, I will join him myfelf. I hope in God, thefe Englifh who are unfortunate, will 
 be punilhed for the difturbanccs they have railed. B ■ confident, look on my forces as your 
 own. I have vvrote you before for two tlioufand foldicrs and mufqueteers, under the com- 
 jHand of one or two truily chiefs : I perfuadc myfelf, you have already fent them as I defir- 
 ed ; fhould you not I delirc you will do me the pleafurc to fend them immediately. Further 
 particulars you will learn from Monfieur Rcnnault. Oblige me with frequent news of your 
 health. 
 
 No. 2. Suppofed to be wrote about the middle of March 1757. 
 
 Serajah Dowla, to the diftinguiflied of the empire, the fvvord of riches, the viftorlous in 
 
 war, Monfieur Bufie Bahadre. 
 
 I have with great plcafure received news of your being arrived near the Orifla country 
 with a powerful army of foldiers, telingas, 5cc. to the aflillance of the commander of Clian- 
 dcrnagore. I promife myfelf great pleal'ure in feeing you ; a meeting will confirm the great 
 friendlhip between us. I have ordered the Naibs of the Suhah, the Phoufdars and Jemidarr 
 of Midnapore, to wait on you, and aflifi: you in your march. 
 
 No. 3. Suppofed to be wrote the latter end of March 1757.' 
 Serajah Dowla to Monfieur Bufie Bahadre, &c. 
 I am advifcd, that you are arrived at Echapore : this news gives 111c plcafure ; the fooner 
 you come here, the greater fatisfaftion I fhall have in meeting you. — VV'hat can I write of 
 the perfidy ot the Englifh ? They have without ground picked a quarrel with Monfieur 
 Rennault, and taken by force his faftory : they want now to quarrel with Monfieur Law, 
 your Chief at Coflimbuzar ; but I will take care to oppofe and overthrow their proceedings : 
 When you coinc to Ballalbre, I will then fend Monfieur Law to your affiftance, unlefs you 
 forbid his Ittiing out. Rill; alTurcd of iny good-will towards you and your Conipaiiy ; and 
 to convince you of my finccrity, I now fend perwannahs to Didarally, and Ramagce Pundit, 
 and to Razarim Sing, that as foon as you may enter the province, that they may meet and 
 lend vou all poflibic affillauce, and not on any pretence impede your march. Both at Cut- 
 tack Rajah of Ballafoie, and Midnapore. 
 
 No.
 
 [ io8 ] 
 
 l/L 
 
 , -^ 
 
 No. 4. Suppofcd to be wrote the latter end of March 1757. 
 Serajah Dovvla, to Rajaram Sing. 
 You write me that Monfieur Bufie is arrived at Echapore, 6 days journey on this fide 
 Chicacul, and 6 days on the other fide Cuttack ; this letter I have received : You muft ob- 
 tain eood' intelligence and employ proper hircarras, and fo foon as Monfieur Bufie is arrived 
 in your limits, receive him in the politcft manner, fo that he rnay be well pleafed and fatis- 
 fied with you; The moment Monfieur Bufie arrives, prefcnt him the inclofed purwannah : 
 Enquire diligently and inform me, whether he has pafled the Chilka. I have wrote to Di- 
 darally and Ramagee Pundit, that when Monfieur Bufie or his army arrives, they do not 
 
 impede them. , r * •. 
 
 No. 5. Suppofcd to be wrote the latter end of April 1757. 
 
 Serajah Dowla, to Monfieur Law. 
 I fend you 10,000 rupees for your expences. Remain quiet at Rajamaul : When Mon- 
 fieur Bufie Bahadre, &c. comes on this fide Cuttack, I will then fend for you. 
 
 No. 6. Suppofed to be wrote the latter end of April 1757. 
 Serajah Dowla, to Abdoulia. 
 I have fent Monfieur Law 10,000 rupees : do you countenance and aflift him at Rajah- 
 maul; and when I write for him to come here, do you accompany Monfieur Law : — Write 
 the purport of what I now inform you of, to Mahmud Nazam. 
 
 No. 7. Monfieur Law, to Monfieur Bugrofs, chief of Sydabad. 
 te viens de recevoir une Lettrc du Nabob, par laquelle il m'ordonne de retourner a 
 Meuxadabad ; il veut, dit 11, fe joindre a nous pour tomber fur les Anglois. J'ai re9U aufii 
 une Lettre du Sieur Changeau, qui me donne d'aflTez bonnes Nouvelles. Je fuis furpris que 
 vous ne m'avez rien, car je ne puis croirc que vous foyez tout-a-fait ignorant de ce qui fe 
 paffe. J'cnvoye Monfieur de Sinfray au Nabob, avec lequel il eft charge d'entrer en Nego- 
 riation. II a ordre de refter a notre Loge ; comme il eft votre Ancien, vous aurez la bonte 
 de le reconnoitre pour chef, et de lui obeir en cette Qualite. Peut-etrc irai-je bientot vous 
 
 trouver. 
 
 J'ai I'lionneur d'etre, 
 Du Camp dcvant avec une parfalte Confideration, 
 
 Chsmpagnore, le 4me Mai 1757. 
 
 Monfieur, 
 
 Votre tres humble, 
 
 & tres obeiffant Serviteur, 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 6. 
 
 Law. 
 
 Letter from Charles Watfon, to Prefident, &c. of Selefl Committee, dated 3d March. 
 To the Prefident, &c. Members of the Seleft Committee. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 I have the favour of your letter of yefterday's date, acquainting me, ti;c Nabob having 
 fignified his dillike to any hoftilities being committed on the French within his territories, 
 has occafioned you to alter your opinion of afting ofFenfively againft the French within the 
 Ganges; and the French having applied to you, to enter into a neutrality, you have drawn 
 up articles for that purpofe, and defire my Icntiments and approbation thereon, before you 
 fign it : My approbation you always may depend on, in every thing tliat will tend to the 
 Company's advantage ; how far this neutrality will anfwer that end, you muft be the beft 
 judges. — However, as you have defired my fentiments thereon, I have very maturely con- 
 fidered the articles you have drawn up, and am of opinion, the treaty ought not to take 
 place, till fuch time it is returned from Pondicherry, ratified and confirmed ; and then, up- 
 on your fignifying to me, my obferving fuch a neutrality will be the propcrcft llep that can 
 be taken for the advantage of the Company's affairs, I Ihall, upon fuch a rcprclentation, 
 have no objeftion to giving you my promife thereto. 
 
 This would be making a neutrality on the fureft foundation, that can be obtained in this 
 part of the world; and indeed, upon my hearing the firft hints from the French of this de- 
 fign, I did fuppofe the Committee at Chandcrnagore was inverted with proper powers, to 
 make and confirm fuch a treaty of ihemfclves, otherwife I fhould not have lirtened to them 
 as much as I did : But fince 1 have been affured by the prefeiit deputies, they have not thoie 
 
 fowers, but that the articles muft be fent to Pondicherry, to be there ratified and confirmed, 
 can by no means think of agreeing to fuch a neutrality, whereby it is fo evident, the 
 French will have every advantage, and we fubjeft to every uncertainty. Will they not reap 
 immediate benefit by the neutrality as it now ftands ? And further, ihM wc be certain of its 
 being complied with, till it is returned from Pondicherry, ratified and confirmed by the Go- 
 vernor and Council there ? This appears to me, to be giving fo fenfiblc an advantage to the 
 French, without even a pofiibllity of benefitting by it ourfelves, that, with regard to myfelf, 
 I cannot thitik of giving my confent to its taking place, till fuch time we are certain it will 
 be agreed to by the Governor and Council of Pondicherry. 
 
 The
 
 [ 139 J 
 
 , Tlie 6ih fays, in order to validate this treaty, and innke it more authentic, both parties 
 Ihall fend a Pcriian form of a guarantee to the Nabob, and u!e their joint cndeavourb to pre- 
 vail on him and ibmc of his principal officers, to lign and fwcar to the fame. 
 
 I make no doubt of this being a very proper meafurc of makmg the treaty lafting and firm 
 between both nations, provided the objeftions to the Nabob being properly qup'.iicd for fuck 
 an office, wtre removed. It is now three weeks fmce the peace commenced, iii which, ma- 
 ny articles were promifcd by him : are tiiey yet compHcd with? Give me Icr.ve to oo a little 
 farther, and a(k, when they will be complied with ? I am afraid it is too diilicult a queftion, 
 to be anfwcrcd with any degree of exaftnefs. Is it reafonable then to luppole, if tlie Nabob 
 (houJd fign this guarantee, and fwear to the obfervance of it, that he will pay any more re- 
 gard to that, than he has done to the fulfilling the fevcral articles of the peace ? or is it the 
 policy of this country, to place your confidence in the man who has not obferved his word, 
 though bound by tlic moft folcmn pioteftatioiis ? If it is, you could not pitch upon a rnorf; 
 proper man to guarantee this treaty, than the man you have chofl-. But as you have defired 
 my fentiinents on this matter, I muft beg leave to tell you, that I can by nj means think 
 the Nabob ought to be addreficd on this iu!>je61, till he lias fulfilled all the articles of the 
 peace ; and that appears to me, to be the moft neceflary bufinefs to be haftehcd, and I think 
 as fliort time as pofilble IhoulJ be given him, for the completing it : If he intends peace, and 
 to continue in friendfhip with us, he will comply ; hut if not, he will deal cvafibly, to gain 
 time, tid he thinks himi'elf ftrong enough to return here again; tlierefcrre it is my opinion, 
 you ihould acquaint him, unlefs the articles are complied with by fuch a time, you Ihould 
 efteem him as an enemy, and aft accordingly. 
 
 This, gentlemen, from the bell; refltftions I ha%-E betn able to make, is my fmcerc opi- 
 nion of the ful jc£t you defired. 
 
 Fort William, lam, gentlemen, your moft obedient' humble fervant, 
 
 March 3d 1757. Charles Vv'atlbn. 
 
 P. S. Inclofed, I feturh you the deputies anfwer to your articles. 
 
 Lord Clive's Letter, dated 4th March 1757. 
 
 To the honourable Rager Drake, Efquire, !kc. Members of the Sele£l Committee of Fort 
 
 William. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 As Mr. Watfon has declined accepting the two expedients propofed to liim by us, in refuf- 
 ing cither to attack Chandernagi re immediately, or enter into fuch a neutrality with tlie 
 French, as we have recommended to him, and v>-Tiich wc think greatly fcr the benefit of the 
 Eaft-India Company, both in thefe provinces, and on the coaft of Choromandcl ; I think he 
 has taken the cohkquences of all mifcarriagcs upon hlmfelf ; as in fo doing, if 1 am not niif- 
 informed, he runs counter to his Majcfty's inftruftions, which require, that he fliould give 
 attention to all reprefcntations made to him by the Company's agents in India, for the good 
 of their fervicc. 
 
 This ieads me very ferioufly to confider tlie fituation of the Company's atfairs on the 
 coaft, and the pofitive orders I have received from the Prclulcnt and Committee at Madrafs, 
 to return at all events with as great a part of the forces under my command as could poftibly 
 be fpared. This, gentlemen, you are fuljy acquainted with, and muft be fcnfible, r.uihing 
 can induce me to ri.fque any longer my return to the coaft, now rendered very uncertain by 
 the latenefs of the feafon ; but the immediate attack of Chandernagore, become in my opi- 
 nion, abfolutely neccfTary. If the neutrality be refufed, do biit relied, gentlemen, wliat 
 will (■>€ the opinion of the world of thefe our late proceedings. Did wc not, in confequencc 
 of a letter received from the Governor and Council of Cliand^rnagore, making offers of a 
 neutrality within the Ganges, in a manner accede to it, by dcfiring, they would lend depu- 
 ties, and that we would gladly come into fuch a neutrality with them ? And have wc not 
 fince their arrival, drawn out articles that were fatisfaflory to both parties ; and agreed, 
 that fuch articles fhould be reciprocally ligned, fealed, and (worn to r \Viiat will the Nabob 
 think, after the promifes made him on our fide, and after his confenting to guarantee this 
 neutrality ? he, and all the world will certainly think, that we are men without principles, 
 or that we are men of a trifling infignificant difpofition. It is therefore incumbent on us to 
 exculpate ourfclves, by declaring tlie real truth, that wc were intirely ignorant of Mr. Wat- 
 fon's intentions to rffufe the neutrality in the manner propofed; and fettled by us, and that 
 we always thought him of a contrary opinion, to what !iis letter declares. I am pcrfuaded, 
 thefe muft be the feniimcnts of the gentlemen of the Committee, or they never would have 
 gone fuch lengths, as muft expofc them to the cenfure of all reafonable and confcicntious 
 men. 
 
 You may be afTured, the inftant the French find their offers of neutrality refufed, they 
 will immediately afiift the Nabob in all his defigns againft us, if he has the Icaft intentions 
 of not complying with the late article*, of pi.ace ; it may then be too late to wifli Mr. Wat- 
 fon had been plcafed to pay more attention to our reprefcntations. 
 
 (>ive me have, gentlemen, further to reprcfcnt, that though Mr. Watfon has done every 
 thing that could be expeftcd from a brave and gallant man, and has been greatly inRrumental 
 to'vardi fettling the affairs of this province, that our future operations agaihft tlicNabob will 
 
 E c chiefly
 
 [ ^lo ] 
 
 tliiefly depend upon the land forces; and the officers of fuch forces muft certainly he the beft 
 judges of what can be cfFefted by land ; and I do take upon me to give it as mine and my 
 officers opinions, that fuccefs againft the Nabob and French together will be very precarious, 
 notwithftanding the arrival of the Bombay troops, which fell fliort in real ftrength of the 
 detachment on board the Cumberland ; I muft therefore requeft you will join with me, in de- 
 firing Mr. Watfon a third time to ratify the neutrality in the manner agreed upon ; and if he 
 refufes, to defirc he will attack Chandernagore by water immediately, as I am ready to do by 
 land with the forces under my command ; and if he refufes this likewife, he becomes refpon- 
 fible for every misfortune that may happen to the Eaft India Company's affairs. 
 
 This done, I propofe leaving all the forces I can poflibly fpare for the defence of the Com- 
 pany's fettlements, rights, and privileges, in Bengal, and return with the reft immediately to 
 the coaft, agreeable to the pofuive orders received from the Prcfident and Committee of 
 Madrali; and I muft requeft you will order proper conveyances for that purpofe. 
 
 I am, with great relpeft. Gentlemen 
 Calcutta, Your moft obedient humble fervant, 
 
 4th March 1757. Robert Clive. 
 
 ' Two Letters from Charles Watfon, dated 7th and 12th March 1757. 
 
 Saturday, 12th March, Fort William, the 12th March 1757. 
 
 At a Committee ; Prefent, 
 The honourable Roger Drake, Efquirc, 
 Meffieurs Clive and Killpatrick. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 I have the favour of your letter of yefterday's date, acquainting me of your having received 
 a letter from Mr. Watts, with one incloied from the Nabob, which had occafioned iome 
 alteration in your opinions. I beg leave to acquaint you, I alio received a letter yefterday 
 from the Nabob, by which I do imagine, it's poftible yet to ontain his conlent to attack the 
 French; therefore, I immediately anfwered his letter, and ftrongiy prefled him lor hib per- 
 miffion, which if he fhould grant, I am very ready to give you all the afhftance in my power 
 for reducing the French, and attacking them wherever there is a pro'peft of luccecding. 
 
 You muft be very fenfible, that Ibme tmie lince, on your application to me for attacking 
 Chandernagore by land and lea, I afiembled a council of war, wlen it vvas agreed to put it 
 in execution ; and I was juft upon the point of proceeding up tlie river, but you again altered 
 your opinion, and from your reprefentations it would be then prejudicial to the Company's 
 affairs, I deiiftcd. 
 
 As foon as I hear from the Nabob, I will do myfelf the pleafure to give you an anfwcr to 
 tlie part of your letter, relating to the neutrality. 
 
 I have the honour to be. Gentlemen, 
 
 Fort William, Your moft obedient, humble fervant, 
 
 7th March 1757. Charles Watfon. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 I have received your favour of this day's date, acquainting me with your motives and 
 reafons for altering your fentiinents in relation to your conduft with the French, and now 
 defiring the afliftance of his Majefty's fquadron to attack Chandernagore. 
 
 You may be alTured, I Ihall moft readily give you all the afhftance I can in this cnterprize, 
 and am heartily glad in the prefent circumftances I am in, of having received his Majefty's 
 declaration of war againft France, with orders from the right honourable the LorJs Commif- 
 fioners of the Admiralty to put the fame in execution, that this ftep is judged a right 
 mcafure. 
 
 The moment the pilots think it fafe to move the large Ihips, I Ihall proceed up the river, 
 and am. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 Fort William, Your moft obedient, humble fcrvants, 
 
 1 2th March 1757, Charles Watfon 
 
 Laft Paragraph of Colonel Clive's Letter to the Secret Committee, dated Auguft 22, 1757. 
 
 —Mr. Watfon is no more ; every one here received the melancholy news of his death with 
 much concern. His generofity, difintereftednel's, and zeal for the fervice, mulf for ever endear 
 hismemory to the Company. Unhappy fate ! after having efcapcd all the rilqiies of war, to be 
 thus untimely cut off in the midft of his fuccelTcs, crowned with glory and reputation! This 
 is but one of the many leffons given us of the inftability of human nature. — Concern for this 
 good man's death hallens me to a conclufion, and I have only to afTure you, I am with the 
 greateft refpeft. 
 
 f| 
 
 & 
 
 Honourable Sirs, 
 
 Calcutta, Your moft obliged, humble fervant, 
 
 22d Auguft 1757. Robert Clive. 
 
 APPENDIX.
 
 [ "I ] 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 7. 
 
 Copy of a Letter to LorJ Clive, for the Delivery of Part of the Corrcfpondencc held by him 
 
 with the Country Powers in Bengal. 
 My Lord, 
 In your Lordihip's anfwer to a letter, which I had the honour to write to you in Oilober 
 laft, by order of the gentlemen in the direftion concerning the country correfpondence, from 
 the 24th January 1759, to the time your Lordfliip left India, you were plcafcd to fignify, 
 that you propofcd being in town in a few days, and would then lay before them any books 
 or papers, which the gentlemen might think any ways ferviccabie to the caufe of the Enolilh 
 Eaft India Company ; at the fame time, your Lordfhip intimated, that to the beft of your re- 
 membrance, you were in polFcilion of the country correfpondence, to the time of your leaving 
 India in February 1760, but that there were one or two material fedions millaid, which vou 
 had made diligent fcarcli after fome time ago, but did not dcfpair of finding them upon a 
 fartlicr enquiry. 
 
 As your LordlTiip has not yet tranfmittcd this correfpondence to the Company, which 
 they areadviicd is .ibfolutely ncccffary to be examined and confidered in forming their anfwer 
 to the bill preferred by your Lordfhip againft them in the Court of Chancery, as well as tliat 
 the Company are, from withholding this correfpondence, left entirely in the dark with refpc>5t 
 to more than a whole year's tranfaftions, and at a very material criiis, witli the country 
 powers ; I am therefore, in confequence of a relolution of the Court of Diredors, to d^fire 
 your Loidfliip will forthwith deliver to the Company, the whole of the before mentioned 
 correl'pondence, together with all books, writings, and papers whatfoever, in your Lordfliip's 
 polfcflion, which in any wife relate to, or concern, the Company's affairs, agreeably to the 
 covenants entered into between the Company and yo-ir Lordfhip. 
 
 1 am, with the greatefl refpedf, My Lord, 
 Your Lordlhi|)'s moft obedient, 
 Eaft India Houfe, and moft humble fervant, 
 
 the latliAuguft 1763. Robert James, Secretary. 
 
 Letter from Lord Clive, that he will feml his Country Correfpondence mentioned in tite 
 Secretary's Letter, of the lath Auguft, as foon as he makes a Tranfcript thereof. 
 SIR, 
 
 The country correfpondence mentioned in your letter of the 12th Auguft laft, is tr^nfcrib- 
 ingand isno^ yet finiflied; the moment the tranfcript is made, the original fhall be delivered 
 to you. 
 
 As to the feftions millaid, they were delivered by me in September or Oftober 1760, to 
 Mr. Campbell, in order to prepare a memorial concerning the Dutch affairs to be laid before 
 Mr. Pitt, the then Secretary of State; and from that time to this, I have not had or fcen 
 tiiem ; and although I have made the beft enquiry after tlieni I can, I have not yet been able 
 to conic at tlKii), cr find out where they are : But I can allure the Court of Direftors from mv 
 own knowledge, that there is nothing contained in thole feftions, which can any ways aftcft 
 the matter in difputc between the Eaft India Company and myfelf; and if the Court of 
 Direflors are dcftrous of having any farther fatisfaftion, that may be had, I believe, on ap- 
 plying to Mr. Campbell, who is acquainted with the contents of the miffing fedlions. 
 
 As to the demand of the Court of Dircftors, that 1 lliall produce all books, papers, and 
 writings, whatfoever, in my })ofrefnon, agreeable to the covenants entered into between tjie 
 Company and me; I inuft oblcrve to you, Sir, that thofc covenants extend only to the com- 
 mercial affairs of the Company ; in which I had little or no concern; however, I am fearching 
 for all papers in my cuftody, relative to affairs of this kind, which I will deliver to the Court of 
 Direflors; and although I am not (as lam adviled) obliged to produce any books or papers, 
 other than fuch as relate to the commercial affairs I have mentioned, yet 1 am ready to pro- 
 duce any other books, papers, or writings, in my cuftody or power, relative to anv of the 
 affairs of the Company, if the Court of Direftors will be pleafed to fpecify the particular 
 books, writings, or papers, they defire to infpeft. I am. Sir, 
 
 Berkeley Square, Your moft obedient fervant, 
 
 September 12th 17^)3. Clive. 
 
 The Prcfidcnt to the Scats, dated 31ft January 1759. No. aSi. 
 
 I always underftood, that when you had procured me the f\jnnod for a 6,coo munfuband 
 5,ocohorfe, witli the title of Zubit al Mulk Nazier ad Doula, that the Naljob would have 
 favoured ine witli a jaguirc, equal to the rank I received by my funnod ; but to this ilay I have 
 not lieard a word from him concerning it. As this is an affair of my own, I have not chofc 
 to addrcls the Nabob thereon now. As there is a ftrong friendfhip fubfifting between you 
 and me, I beg leave to give you the trouble to apply to the Nabob concerning this affair, and 
 that I may have a jaguire equal to my rank. 
 
 From the Scats to the Prefidcnt. No Date : Received 20th February 1759. 
 
 "S'our two obliging letters, one anfvvcring ours which accompanied fome apples to you ; 
 the other, that you underftood when wc had jjrocured you a munfub and titles, that the Nabol) 
 would have favoured you with a j.iguiie, equal to the rank you received by your funnod, but 
 tliatto tlic willing of your letter, you hud not hi-ard from him concerning it ; that on account 
 
 of
 
 [ 112 ] 
 
 bf the friendfliip fubfif^'mg between us, you dcfircd we would apply to the Nabob and procure 
 it we have with "reat pleafure received, and are rejoiced to hear you are in good health, for 
 which wc return God thanks : Agreeable to your orders, we addreffed the Nabob to give you a. 
 iaf uire ; he has long determined not to grant jaguires in the fubahfhip of Bengal; Oriffa is 
 poor but if it is agreeable to you to have one in the fubahfliip of Bahar, it will be immediately 
 granted you; of this I thought proper to advife you. Pleafe to acquaint us with your refolu- 
 tion on this affair. We are going to a place of devotion with all our family in a day or two, 
 accompanied by fome of the Nabob's forces. By the favour of God we hope to return in fix 
 weeks. 
 
 No 326. ThePrefident to Shah AUum Bahadre, Son of AUum Guire, Baudfliah, and Suc- 
 cefTor of the Empire, dated 27th February 1759. 
 
 I have had the honour to receive your Highnefs's firmaund; it gives me great concern to 
 find that this country muft Undergo a Icene of troubles. — I beg leave to inform you, that I 
 have been favoured with a funnod from the Emperor, appointing me a Munfubdar of the rank 
 of 6ocoand of ^cocJ horfe, ft-hich conftitutes me a feivant of his; and as I have not received 
 any orders, either from the Emperor or the Vizier, acquainting me of your coming down here, 
 I cannot pay that due regard to your Highnefs's orders which I would otherwile willi to do. 
 
 1 mufl further beg leave to inform you, that I am under the ftrifteft engagements with the 
 prelent Subah of thefe provinces, to affift him at all times, and it is not the cnftom of the 
 Englilh nation to be guilty of inlinccrity. 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 8. 
 
 From the Seats to the Prefidcnt. No Date : Received 4th June 1759. 
 Some time ago we were favoured with an obliging letter from you to this purport, that you 
 had been honoured withamunliib, ot the rank of 6000, and the command of 5C00 horfe from 
 the prelence ; and that we, who arc your faithful fervants, had procured you the funnod, but 
 that as yet no jaguire had been granted for the fame, and deliring that we would addrefs the 
 Nabob as we thought propCr on that affair, and procure the jaguire, which would give you 
 fatisfaftion. — Agreeable to your orders wc often reminded him of it, and he himlclf was 
 contriving about it; we have lately addreffed him again, and he informs us, that he has pitched 
 on a place for your jaguire in the fubahfliip of Bengal ; and by the blcffing, when you return 
 to this city, an account thereof will be delivered to you. On this we rofe and paid the ufual 
 compliment on t'.iis occalion. We, who are your finccrc friends and well-wifliers, hope to be 
 favoured with an account of your health. 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 9. 
 
 Mr, Holwell's Addrei'sto Mr. Vanfittarf, 4th Auguft 176c. 
 Fort William the 4th Auguft 1760. 
 Mond.-iy. At a Selcft Committee ; Prefent, 
 
 The honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, Prcfident, 
 William Brightwell Sumner, Efq; 
 John Zephaniah Holwell, Efq; 
 William M'Gui re, Elq; 
 Read, approved, and ligned the proceedings of the 28th ult. 
 Agreeable to the Prclidcnt's Requeft, Mr. Holwell now lays before the CoiRmirtec a fiiort 
 Addrefs, with fuch Remarks, and Memorials, as may convey to the Prcffdent a Knowledge 
 of the prefent Situation of the Company's Affairs in thefe Provinces. 
 
 " Honourable Sir and Sirs, Dated 4th Auguft. 
 
 " As my health, and the conlidcration of other circumftances, will foon oblige me to re- 
 " qucft pcrmiihon from the board to relign the iervice, I beg leave, previous to that ftep, to 
 " accompany this fliort addrefs with fuch remarks and memorials as may convey to the ho- 
 " nourahle the Prefident (10 lately arrived amongft us) a knowledge of the prefent ftate and 
 " fituation of the Company's affairs, as they ftand connedcd with, or depend on, the govern- 
 " ment of Bengal. 
 
 " To form a judgment of tlie prefent ftate of things in Bengal, it will be needful to retro- , 
 
 " fpeft on the late revolution of the year 1757, when necciiity, andajuft rcfentment for the W 
 
 *' moft cruel injuries, obliged us to enter into a plan to deprive Surajah Dowla of his govern- 
 " ment; which was accordingly done, and Mir MahcSmed Ally Khan fixed, by us, at the 
 " head of the provinces, on certain conditions, and under treaty of alliance, offcnlive and 
 " defenfive. 
 
 " A fhort fpace of time fully proved how unworthy the family thus raifed : The conditions 
 " of the treaty could not be obtained from the Nabob without being in a manner extorted 
 " from him ; and by a ihoufand fliifts and cvaiions, it was plain to the world no fingle article 
 " would ever have been complied with, had the Nabob been invefted with jwwer fufficlent to 
 *' have prevented it, or could he have diverted himfclf of his own fears and aj>prel:enftons 
 *' from ourrefentments. 
 
 " Tankas on the lands were however granted for the payment of the ftipulated fums, at 
 ** particular times, by which the Roy-Roy en Dewans, Mutfuddies,and every harpy employed 
 " in the zemindary and revenue, became our implacable enemies ; and confequently, 
 
 " A partv 
 
 I
 
 [ "3 ] 
 
 " A pnrty was Toon raifcc! at tlic Durbar, hcatlec! by the Nabob's Ton, Miram, and Rajali- 
 " bullub, who were daily planning fcliciiies to Ihake off their dcpendancc on the Englifli, and 
 *' continually urging to tlie Nabob, that until this was effciSed his government was a name 
 " only : The Nabob, foniething irritated by the protedlion given Rajah Doolubram, and. 
 *' weak and irrcfolute inhimltlf, fell too loon into thcfe fentiments. 
 
 " The firft ftcp taken to acconiplifh this meafure of independence, was to affaiTinate, or take 
 " off, under one pretence or other, every minifter and officer at the Durbar, whom tliey knew 
 *' were attached to the Englifli. In conlequence of which Coza Hoddy, and Cuzzum AUv 
 *' Khan, firft and lecond Buxy, were affaflinnted in November and December 1758, and afte'f 
 *' many attempts made on the perfons of Rheim Khan, Golam Shaw, his uncle and brother, 
 " they were at laft obliged to feek an afylum with the Sha Zadah, 1759. — Roydoolub, his 
 *' fon, and four brothers were profcribed, on no account but that of the various informations 
 " he gave us, and his firm ati?.chment. This family would liave fallen a facrihce, had ihey 
 " not been relcued out of the Nabob's hands by force of arms. Amier Beg Rhan would from 
 " the fame caufe have fuffercd the fame fate, had he not given his folemn engagement to quit 
 " the kingdom ; which he accordingly did. 
 
 " The next projeft of the Durbar appeared by every concurring fubfequent circumftancc, 
 *' to beafecret negociation With the Dutch, for tranfporting troops from Batavia into theie 
 " provinces, that with their united force a flop might be put to the power of the Englirtu 
 *' This fchcme was conduced by Raja RagebuUub, on the one part, and Foocratoojar, for the 
 " Dutch, on the other, about October or November 1758, the period when the Decan expedi-' 
 " tion took place, and the garrifon was much reduced. 
 
 "Soon after, the provinces were invaded by the Sha Zadali, on the fide of Patna,. and 
 " Colonel Clivc, with our military, and Seapoys, joined the Nabob and his troops, and by 
 *' forced marches prelerved Rajah Ramarrain fleady in his duty, and arrived juft in time to 
 " fave that city and province, and drive the prince, though the undoubted heir to tlie king- 
 *' dom, beyond the CurramnafTar, and brought the Budgepore, &ic. countries into fubjeftion 
 "to the Nabob. 
 
 " The prince more than once wrote to the Colonel, offering any terms for the Company, 
 " and himlclf on ccridition the Englifli would quit the Nabob, and join his arms; but the 
 •" Colonel thinking it incompatible with our treaty with the Nabob gave the prince no en- 
 *' couragement. 
 
 " At the end of the campaign the Colonel returned to Us in June 1759, ^"'^ '^^^ '•^^^ Nabobs 
 " arrived at the city, about the fame time, witli full conviftion of our firm attachment to his 
 *' government and family, and our religious regard to our treaties. — What fcnie they retained 
 " of thefe obligations, and how long, will appear by and by. 
 
 " The Nabobs, thinking themfelves now better eflablifhed in the government, and fcrcencd 
 " by fuch a fure and powerful fupport as our arms, began to let no bounds to their cruelties, 
 " oppreffions, and cxaftions from thole who had any thing to be plundered of. — And this 
 " barely received a check from the fevere and frequent remonftrances of Colonel Clive to the 
 " Nabob, on a conduft which he foretold him, muft, from the general deteflation of iiis people, 
 " end in tlie dcftruflion of himfelf, family, and country. — His troops, clamorous r.t the fame 
 "time for their pay, whilll the Nabob, in place of appropriating the funis he had acijuired by 
 " repeated alfaf^.-iations, to the jufl demands of his jemmautdars and troops, lavifhed the 
 " fame in boundlefs extravagancies. 
 
 " About the latter end of July 1759, the young Nabob arrived, on a pretended vifit to' 
 " Colonel Clive; hut the real motive was to ncgociate, if pofTiblc, the delivery of Rajarage 
 " Doolubram, and two or three otlier articles given him in charge liy his father; fuch as the 
 " furrcnder of tlic tanka lands on fecurity ; the borrowing of us a large fum of money ; &:c. 
 " In thefe, the fon proving unfuccefsfui, a member of the Board, and Scleft Committee was, 
 " at his dcfirc, fent to accompany him to the city, to reconcile the Nabob to the negatives 
 " his fon had received at Calcutta; and at the fame time to intimate to him the advice wc 
 " had received, that a large armament was fitting out at Batavia, deffined for Bengal, and to 
 " penetrate, if pofliblc, his fentiments on this occafion, and what refoluiions lie would come 
 " to, in cafe that force arrived in the river. 
 
 " He was not to be reconciled to the refufals his fon had met, but determined to try his 
 " own power, and declared his intention to pay the Colonel a viflt himfelf in September;- 
 *' which he did, with fuccefs equal to his fon. He feemed to make light of the Dutch intclli- 
 " gcnce, and not to give credit to it, though he difcovered much perplexity. However, he 
 " wrote a letter to the Colonel, demanding our afliftance, by virtue of the treaty of alliance, 
 " in cafe the Dutch troops came into the river. 
 
 "The armament arrived during hisvifit; his ftay after that was fliort ; his mind feemed 
 " much enibarrafl'ed, and his whole fubfequent conduft gave nioft undoubted proofs, that the 
 " Dutch forces were arrived by his invitation. Tiiat fuch were the fentiments of Colonel Clive 
 " and the council, appears from the narrative of that Dutch bufmefs, tranfmitted to tlie lionour- 
 " able the Court of Directors, and to our feveral admirals. A perufal of this narrative will 
 " convince the impartial, that the Nabob, in his behaviour on this occafion, was guilty of a 
 " moft flagitious breach of the article of the treaty of alliance, and that from the period, no 
 " terms whateverfiiould have been prefervcd with him, after fuch unexampled treachery and 
 " ingratitude. To which, bv way of iliuftration, we may add the fubfequent farces carried 
 
 V f " o«
 
 m 
 
 C 1^4 j 
 
 " on between the Nabobs and the Dutch, as fet forth in the revcral letlcrs. between Mr. Hoi- 
 " well, and the Relidcnt, at Morauxloag, on this lubjeft, by reference to which it will appear 
 " nioft manifcft, that the Nabob's real intentions never were to diftrefs cftedhially tliat people, 
 " but on the coiurarv were only aimed to amule and deceive us; witnefs the private orders 
 " and indriiftlons given to Mhir CoHim 7\ly Khan, fo oppolite to his public ones, when he was 
 *f fent down to dcniolifli the new works at Chinfiira; in the apparent delays of this fervice, 
 " Coirini Aly Khan fuifercd much in the opinion of the late Prelident, tho' unjuflly, as we 
 *' lublequently learnt he was a£ling conformable to the private orders of the Nabob. 
 
 " In the beginning of the year lybo, the Sha Zadda invaded the provinces again with a 
 " force more rcfpeflable than the preceding year, both in troops and commanders, by the re- 
 " volt of Camgaar Khan, Golam Shaw, Reim Khan, and others; the Nabob, by this time, 
 " having made himfelf and family lb univcrfally hated, that we may juftly fay there was 
 " hardly a man in the provinces, that did not wilh fuccefs to the Prince. 
 
 " Colonel Clive rcfigned the government early in February 1760, about wliich time the 
 " Mliarattas entered the province, from the fouthward, and penetrated into the Burdcman 
 " country, making a confiderable diverlion in favour of the Prince. The Nabol> demanded 
 " a body of our troops. Sepoys, and iiehl artillery, for the defence of this country, to join 
 " Iiis, under the command of MhirCoilim Aly Khan, which was granted ; but tlieir ufe was 
 " fruftrated by the Nabob's pufdlanimous, irregular, and contradiiSlory, orders to his General, 
 " Colfim Aly Khan, to march with our troops to Cutwah, and the city, in place of marching 
 " directly to the fouthward. Thus tliis country fell a prey to the Mharattas, and a flop was 
 " put to the collefting our tankas, on which was our greateft dependence and expefl ation, for 
 " the fervice of the year (Vide Military Correfpondence in the months of February and March 
 " 1760.) 
 
 " Our troops, under the command of Major Caillaud, had taken the field in conjunftion 
 *' with the Nabob's, under command of his ion, fome time before the Colonel's departure 
 " for Europe, and ll-iaped their rout towards Patna, whilft the Nabob himfelf remained in 
 *' the neighbourhood of Rajambol, a check on Cuddcin Hoffein Khan, Nabob of Purnea 
 " (then in rebellion) until Subut's advance recalled him to the city. 
 
 " A regular and particular detail of the tranfaftions of this laborious campaign will not be 
 " expelled here, as the progrefs of it will prefent itfelf in the courle of the military corref- 
 *' pondence laicl before the Committee ; therefore remarks on the fuccefs, efFedfs, and pro- 
 " bable confequences, will be fufiicient. 
 
 " This, like the former ones, has produced no definitive aftion, or ftroke, to lay the leaft 
 
 foundation of a peace to thefe provinces. In the courfe of this campaign three morally fure 
 
 and important opportunities were loft, by the cowardice of both the Nabobs ; the firft, 
 
 when the young Nabob refufcd to join the Major in the immediate purluit of the Sha 
 ' Zaddah, when routed near Patna; the fccond, when the old Nabob refufcd to comply with 
 " the Major's earntft requeft and demand, to crofs his horfe over the Burdowan river, and 
 " attack the Prince, when united with Subut, &:c. the third, when in the late purfuit of 
 *' Cuddein Hoffejn Khan, the young Nabob refufed to lead or detach his horfe to the Ma- 
 *' jor's afliftance, by which a general adtion might have been brought on; but, on the con- 
 " trary, he kept encamped two or three miles in the Major's rear, as if his intentions were 
 *' to leave our troops without horfe, a facrifice to the enemy. Had the moft been made of 
 " either of thefe favourable occafions, the ftroke had, in all human probability, been dccifive; 
 " as it is, it only proves, that we continue to draw our i'words in fupport ot a family moft 
 " unworthy the government they have by our afliftance ufurped ; and this to the manifeft 
 " haz^xrd and ruin of the Company's trade and concerns. 
 
 " On the near approach of the Major to Patna he received a phirmaund from the Prince, 
 " of which he adviled the Board, and promifed to forward a copy ; but no wonder, that in 
 " the courfe of fo extraordinary and fatiguing a campaign, it fliould efcapc his memory. On 
 •' his arrival in the Beerboen country, after the unexpeftcd march he formed upon his defeat, 
 " the Prefident received intelligence, that the old Nabob had aftually a Yakcel in the Sha 
 " Zaddah's camp, and that he was negociating a feparate treaty with him : This appeared lo 
 *' have fo dangerous a tendency, that any means were eligible to obtain the truth of it. 
 
 " The late Prefident, by a third hand, procured AflTud Jumma Khan, Rajah of Beerbocn, 
 *' and his uncle, Comgaar Khan, to be wrote to on this fulijeft, of the Nabob's Vakeel and 
 " treaty : this foon produced a pliirmaund from the Prince, inclofing copy of the Nabob's 
 " arzdafht : the Prefident made no reply to the phirmaund, but returned afliortone to Com- 
 " gaar Khan's letter, which accompanied the phirmaund, intimating, that copies carried little 
 " validity where originals were in being. 
 
 " A few days before the Prince began his retreat from tlie hills, the Prefident received a 
 " fccond phirmaund from him, inclofing original arzdaflit from the Nabob : all that can be 
 " faid for or againft belief being given cither to the authenticity of the copy or original, will 
 •' appear on the face of the correfpondence, in two letters from the Prefident to the Major, 
 f' under dates the 22d and 24th April laft, and to Mr. Haftings, the 20th of the iame month. 
 *' Tothelc we may further remark, that if they are forgeries, they have yet this corroborat- 
 " ing fignaturc of truth, that the \^hole tenor of the Nabob's conduft moft exactly tallies 
 " with the terms of the arzdalht. But to refume the courie of the campaign to the prefent time: 
 
 " Patna is r:ticved and fecurc for the prcfonV. Cuddcin Hofl'cin Khan is dirpoffciled of 
 
 " his 
 
 <(
 
 [ "5 I 
 
 " his government, and drove out of the country, but with all hi? trcarure and valuaWe effefls, 
 *' to the rcproacu and infamy of the youn^ Nabob's memory ; i'o that after the rains he will 
 " eafily join the Prince with tlie cfl'cntials of war, which he only wants to harra s the pro- 
 " vinces five years longer. The young Nabob is taken off by a Ijalli of lightning, and our 
 " troops are gone into quarters, after having done as much, or more, than could have been 
 " expefted, fiom men fo wretchedly fupportcd by ihofe very people, for wliole prefervatiou 
 " they endured every diftrcfs and fatigue, and braved variety of deaths. 
 
 *' The Prince has found means to prcferve himfclf and forces a footing on this fide rlie 
 " Soane, and in the neighbourhood of Patna. It is faid Comgaar Khan has forlakcn the 
 " caufe of -the Prince ; which appears moft improbable, not oniv on account of his havmg no 
 *' other chance for reiinburfmg himfelf, but bccaufc we have' undoubted intelligence \hac 
 " 3,000 of his troops have lately joined his nephew, Afliid Jemma Klan, who has thrown 
 " off his allegiance to the Nabob. Tlicfe troops arc doubtlefs lodged to make an eavlv and 
 " important divcrlion, at the opening of the next campaign, by entering the Hur'dwan 
 " country, as foon as the Prince begins to be in niotion alwve ; and thus our (upplies from 
 ♦' thence will be again cut off, and the Company's affairs be reduced to the laft txtreniitv of 
 " diftrefs, unlefs the approaching Chips of the feafon relieve us, or the whole tankas of thofc 
 ♦' lands could be colle£tcd during the rains. The latter is hardly poffiblc in any .erviccable 
 *' degree, and t' e former carry very little probability. The late propofal of the Nabob's, to 
 " pay our balances, and relume his lands, is devoutly to be wifhed ; but it is likewife to be 
 " feared he has no meaning in it. 
 
 " The various reafons urged againft the meafure of fupporting the prefcnt government 
 " longeron the plan we have been fome time purfuing, to the heavy injury of the Company, 
 " with various expedients to refcue them from manifelf apprcaching ruin, arc fet forth "at 
 " large in the military corrcfpondence, in letters from the Prelidcnt to Major Caillaud, under 
 " dates the 24th and 25th of May, r4th June, and 3d July, to Mr. Aniyatt, under date, the 
 " 25th and 30th May, and ift July ; both the reafons and expedients of the prefent ffatc of 
 " affairs, ieem rather to confirm than contraindicate any other. However, the fuddcn de.itli 
 " of the Nabob (it made a proper ufe of) leems to point out a middle way, if thinos are not 
 " gone too far already, to admit of any other than the divcfling this family of the <Tovern- 
 " ment altogether. Vide the Prefident's letter to Mr. Haftings, of the i6th of laft^onth, 
 *' and to Major Caillaud, of the 26t!i, on the fubied of a lucccffor to the youno- Nabob's 
 " pofts. ^ ° 
 
 " Refpeding all matters relative to the Dutch and the Nabob, the Dutch and us, the 
 " tanka's, and obftrudions raifed by the Nabob on ourcolle£iing them, as alfo the late fecret 
 " treaty between the Nabob and the Mharattas, Sec. they w;ll appear on the face of the cor- 
 " refpondence without exaggeration." 
 
 Ordered, That the foregoing narrative do lay upon the table, for the pcrufal of the feve- 
 ral members of the Committee. 
 
 Henry Vanfittart. 
 William B. Sumner. 
 J. Z. Holwcll. 
 
 Fort William, September the nth. ij-6o. 
 The honourable Henry Yanfittart, Efquire, Prcfidcnt. 
 Lieutenant Colonel John Caillaud. John Zeph. Holwcll, Efquire. 
 
 William I>. Sumner, Efquire. William M'Guire, E(<;juire. 
 
 Read, approved, and (igned, the proceedings of the 28th ultimo. 
 Colonel CaillauiJ arrives Colonel Caillaud informs the Committee that he left Patna the 31^. 
 from I'atna. ^( j.,^ montli, .at which time the Prince was at Dowdnngore, on this 
 
 fide the Soane ; that all the reports of his croffing it were over; and that Monficur Laws, 
 withMawdarah Dawlctt were preparing to rcpafs the river and join him. It was faid, their 
 next motion would be towards Camdar Khan, with whom the operations of tb.e next cam- 
 paign were to be fettled. 
 
 Before we rcfolve upon a plan of future operations, wc will at- 
 Thoughts on tlje prefcnt j ^ defcription of the ftatc the Company's affairs are now in, 
 
 ocatc ot Atlairs. 1 ' 1 • 1 /- 1 n 1 1 • . ■ .,- , 
 
 ana this not to be conhned to Bengal, but with regard alfo to the 
 
 exigencies of the other fettlemcnts, who are told to depend on this for fupplics of money : — 
 our influence incrcafing from time to time fincc the revolution brought about by Colonel 
 Clive, fo have wc been obliged to increafe our force to fupport that influence. We have 
 now more than a thoufand Europeans, and flvc tlioufand feapoys, which, with the contin- 
 gent cxpences of an army, is far more than the revenues allotted for their maintenance. 
 This deficiency was not fo much attended to whilft the immenfc funis ftipulated by the 
 treaty were coming in; but thcfe rcfources being now quite exhaufted, and no fu)iplics of 
 money coming from Europe, it becomes immediately neceffary to fccure to the Company 
 fuch an income as will bear them clear of charges, and bring in, hcfults, a lupplv for the 
 emergencies of their other fettlemcnts, and for providing cargoes for loading hoiiic their 
 lliips. — The firftqueflion then that naturally occurs is this : 
 
 Whether that great force is wanted ? That a lefs force would fecure the fctticmcnt of 
 Fort William, with its former bounds, againft every thing tliat is now in the country, i.
 
 1 
 
 [116] 
 
 liot to be doubted ; but it is as certain, that nothing but that influence and weight, which 
 we maintain by the hrgcnefs ot' our force, can poflibly prevent the well known defigns of 
 the two principal European powers, who have long fliared with us the benefit of the trade 
 of tliis country ; and to this we may add, that the nearer we approach to a peace in Eu- 
 rope, the nearer we are to our danger here. 
 
 Thefe coniiderations having their due weight, wc believe few will difputc the neceffity 
 of keeping; up our prefent force, perhaps augmenting it : this granted, it follows, that 
 means muft be found within ourfclves of fupporting the expence ; and thefc means can be 
 no other, than a proportionable fliare of the revenues of the country. 
 
 By the treaty made with the prefent Nabob, he is obliged, as often as it may be requi- 
 fite for our troops to take the field, to furnifh a lack of rupees a month for their expence; 
 but the unccrtaintvof this payment has been too long experienced to be any more depended 
 on ; nor indeed is it ly any means fulhcent to anlwer the purpofe, fuppofing the payments 
 regularly made : it mull therefore be propofed to the Nabob, to aflign to the Company a 
 much larger income, and to aifign it in luch a full and ample manner, by giving to ilis 
 Company the fole right of fuch diftridts, as lay mod convenient for our management ; that 
 we may no longer be fulijeft to the inconveniences we experienced from the late tuncaws, 
 bcin"- orders only on a certain part of the revenues. — From the experienced weaknefs and 
 unrteadinefs of the Nabob himfelf, and the nature of thole dependants who now rule him, 
 and who by felf-intcreftcd views muft; naturally oppofe every incrcafc of our power, as 
 their own will of courfo be proportiona!>ly IclUncd ; it is to be iuppofed, that fuch a pro-" 
 pofal would meet with all the difficulties tliat could polfibly be thrown in our way. Not- 
 withftanding thofe difficulties, we will fuppofe we (liould have weight enough to over-rule 
 his counfellors, and to obtain his confent. We then jull keep our prefent footing. We' 
 have a fund for paying our troops ; and thofe troops muft he employed in the fervice of the' 
 Nabob and this fervice, the fame as for thefe two lail years in oppofing the Sha Zaddah, 
 whofe defigns upon thefe provinces it is almoft certain will be purfued. 
 
 From the experience of thefe two years, it is pretty clear that our troops, although al- 
 ways viftorious in the field, yet they cannot, by their fuccefs, put an end to the troubles : 
 the fame caufe which has prevented itftillexifts; the nature of thofe people, in alliance 
 with whom we are to aft, who will not purfue the advantages we gain; and we not having 
 the means in our power, for want of a body of cavalry under our command. — Thus the 
 war may be protrafted for years to come; and every year the Nabob's circumftances grow 
 worfe and worfe, through an increafe of expence and lofs of revenue, not only by the de- 
 vaflations the enemy make, but by the co'i'itinu.a1 defcftion of feme of his own Rajahs and 
 dependants: many in the courfe of the two laft years have declared them I'd vcs; and that 
 others are ripe fordoing the fame is not to be doubted, particularly the Rajah of Beerboon, 
 in a letter the Governor lately received from him, has fpoke his fentiments very freely. 
 The province of Patna is already fo much reduced by the two laft campaigns, as to be in-» 
 capable of affording fubfiftence to the Prince any longer, who muft always find on the fpot 
 the means of carrying on the war, having no refourccs v.ithin himfelf; and who confe- 
 quently muft, through neccffity, attempi next year to penetrate further into Bengal ; and 
 in this he will no doubt by the fuccefs which attended his laft year's incurfion as farasBurd- 
 wan. 
 
 It is therefore next to be confidered, whether it is beft for the infercft of the Nabob to 
 purfue the prefent meafurcs, by continuing to oppofe the Sha Zaddah, or to fupport him 
 in his pretenfions to the crown of Delhi : — The two parties ftill fubfift, between whom the 
 throne is difputed, or rather who fhall give a king to that throne. — One of thofe parties 
 has repeatedly invited the Sha Zaddah to him ; and it is well known wli.it offers he has 
 made both to the Nabob and us for our afliftance : the fame reafbns may be fuppofcd yet to 
 have their weight with him while the difputc remains undecided ; and is it not probable that 
 fuch an afliftance given to the prince and thrown into Abdallah's fcale, would infure the 
 fu:cefsof the enterpnze ? The immediate confequence of this to Bengal would be clearing 
 The country of an enemy, by removing the caule whence all the late troubles and confufion 
 luve arofe ; and if we with realon flatter ourfelves we lliould fuccced, what at'vantages 
 may not the Company expect. 
 
 Suppofitig this change of meafures does not appear to the Nabob in the light we have 
 reprefeiited, it is to be confidercd whether the exigencies of the Company's afi^airs before 
 dcfcribcd, do not reciuire our forming fuch connexions independently of liim, as may over- 
 rule the advice and fway of his creatures and minifters. 
 
 The unfortunate death of the young Nabob having created a number of feparatc inte- 
 rcfts, which it is impoftiblG to conciliate to the fatisfaction of all, and thereby gives the 
 faireft opportunity to any other European power to gain a party to fupport them in their 
 dcfiirns of eftablilhing an influence here, is an inducement to make us follow fuch a fyftem, 
 as will put this the moft out of their power. 
 
 The ihare of influence wc now enjoy in thefc provinces, however great in appearance, 
 does not carry with it thofe real atlvantagcs and weighty efFefts which are neccfiarv not to 
 leave that power in danger of being diljiuted, and of failing us at a time when we moft want 
 it" and nothing is more probable than that that period will happen on a peace, to prevent 
 the evil confcqucnccs of this : there fecms now to offer i'uch an opportunity of fccuring to 
 
 curfelves 
 
 i
 
 [ in ] 
 
 ourfelvcs all we could willi in this rcfpeft, as likely may never happen again ; an opportu- 
 nity that will give us both power and right. 
 
 Another principal motive that urges us to think of changing our fyftem, is the want sf 
 money ; a want that is not confined to ourlelves alone, but on which greatly depend, 
 
 Tiie operations on the coaft. 
 
 The rcdudtion ot" Pondicherry, and 
 
 The provifion ot an mvcilment for loading home the next year's fhips at all the three 
 prciidencies. 
 
 It is hardly to be doubted but the Sha Zaddah would be willing to enter into a ne^ociation 
 with us, independent of the ]Sab>'b; but I'uch a nicafure would neither be for the intertft 
 nor the honour of our nation. Our views in adoptmg this fyftcm, lliould be direfted rather 
 to ftrengthen, than weaken or overthrow the prclent Subuh : — all we defire, is tc (ee the 
 power removed out of the hands of that fet of men, who now rule and direft the affairs of 
 theSubah, and through whole mifmanagement and frauds the country and his adminiftration 
 lufFer fo confiderably. To have fuch a fliarc of power invefted in the Company, as will 
 enable them to prevent the bad conkquences of fo many contending interefts, that will ef- 
 fectually put a flop to that diffipation of rfvenues, which hath reduced the Nabob to his 
 prefent diftrcfled condition ; which revenue, if properly applied, would leave him nor us 
 any thing to fear from the deiigns of any enemy; elFi^aually fecure to us fuch a fund as 
 would anfvver all our prelcnt exigencies ; and in time prove an encreafe of honour and ad- 
 vantage to the nation and the Company. 
 
 Henry Vanfittart. 
 Wm. B. Sumner. 
 J. Z. Holwcll. 
 
 Fort William, Sept. 15th 1760. 
 At a Seleft Committee ; Prefent, 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efcjuire, Prefident, 
 Colonel Caillaud, ]. Zephaniah Holvvell, 
 
 Wm. Brightwell Sumner, William M'Gwire, Efqrs. 
 
 Read, approved, and figned, the proceedings of the iith inftant. 
 The Difficulties on both The great objefts of our prefent deliberation arc, firft, the fecuring 
 Sides confidered. a fund of money for the prefent and future exigencies of this icttle- 
 
 nient, as well as the other two prefidencies, no money being expcfted from Europe ; and, 
 fccondly, the putting an end to the difturbanccs fomcnled and kept up by the Sha Zaddah in 
 feveral parts of thefe provmccs : that the whole may be united under the Nabob, and he put 
 under the more immediate influence of the Company, whofe force is his chief fupport and 
 dependance. By this m.eans enabling us to join a large body of country troops to our own, 
 to oppoic any attempts of European or country powers. 
 
 The queftion to be confidered is. Whether we can bed arrive at thefe ends by following the 
 prefcni ly rtem of oppoliag the Sha Zaddah, or by propofing to him an alliance with the Englifli, 
 and the aliiftatice of part of our forces to proceed with him to Delhi, and lupport hun in Ku 
 pretenfions to the throne. 
 
 In following the prelent fyftem, the chief dif- 
 ficulties that occur are thefe. 
 IK, How to provide for the payment of 
 the Nabob's troops and our army that arc 
 opj)o;ed to the Sha Zaddah at Palna. 
 
 idly. How to prevail on the Nabob, bc- 
 fides fupplymg the above demand, to furnilh 
 us here witii the money wanted for our mili- 
 tary and commercial occafions, and for the 
 fupply of the other prefidcncies. 
 
 3dly, The pofTibility of the Sha Zaddah's 
 meeting with better fuccc's than heretofore ; 
 and in that cafe, What would be our fitua- 
 tion ? 
 
 4thly, The defcflion of different chiefs in 
 the country encouraged by the Shaw, by 
 which the revenues of fuch diftrifts are loft, 
 and thofc adjacent Icllcned by their incur- 
 fions. 
 
 5thly, Suppofing wc yet meet with fuc- 
 ceis, how Ihall we put an end to the war ? 
 having experienced, that gaining a viftory 
 over tlic Slia Zaddah, does not deprive him of 
 the means of renewing his attempts. 
 
 6thly, 
 
 In following the fecond fyftem propofed, the 
 chief difficulties that occur are thefe. 
 ift, How to gain the Nabob's confent. 
 
 adly, The ftatc of the country confidered, 
 when fuch a force is drawn from it, as will 
 enable us to affift the prince. 
 
 3dly, How to fatisfy the prince's party, 
 few of whom will be induced to follow him. 
 
 4thly, How an immediate fum of money 
 is to be found, that will give us enough to 
 fupply the army on the coaft, t!ie payment 
 of our troops here, and a prelent to tliC 
 prince. 
 
 5thly, Arc wcto inform the Nabob before 
 the negocialion is begun, of what our de- 
 mands are to be, or is he to receive them af- 
 terwards, as orders from his king, when we 
 liave declared him fuch ? If the latter, Is 
 there no danger of his rcfufing to comply 
 with them ? and if he does, How arc wc to 
 manage? If the former, \V\\\ it not much 
 incrcafe the difficult v of gaining his confent ? 
 Gg ' ■ The
 
 [ "8 } 
 
 6tlily, Suppofing we fhould even be able 
 to pufh our fuccels lb far as to drive the Slia ' 
 
 Zaddah out of the province, would the confu- f ' 
 
 fed and impoveriihtd ftate of tiie country, 'f 
 
 furnilh us immediately with the means of ,«■ 
 
 railing tiie fums wanted for tlic general occa- ^ 
 
 lions of the Company. , * 
 
 The railing the lum wanted is a difficulty in both cafes almofl: unfurmountable : — it cer- > 
 
 tainly cannot be obtained without impofing on the Nabob forcibly, terms which of his own 
 good-will lie never would come into. In favour of the change of fyftem, it is to be laid, 
 tl.at the means and relburcts of the country, from which the money muft come, will be 
 more capable of lupplying it when the war is removed, by tlije march of die Sha Zaddah, to f, 
 
 the northward. _ _ i' 
 
 Conleqncntly thofe which we can p revail on to take part with us in this projed, and to 1 
 
 affift us in bringing the Nabob into it, will be more ready to advance money upon the pro- 
 mile cf holding the principal employments. 
 
 And as on both fides there muft be iome kind of force or violence exerted over the Nabob's 
 inclinations, it may be done with a better grace, as well as more cffeft, by means of orders 
 from the prince. : 
 
 With regard to our forces and the difpofition of them, with refpe.St to the fecurity of the 
 Company's lettlements here, it mail be confidered that in both cafes our troops muft be di- 
 vided : — at Patna they are more at hand to be called to join us in cafe of neceffity ; but yet 
 ib diftant, that probably the threatened danger would be upon us before they could arrive, 
 and the road would be open for the Sha Zaddah to follow immediately; and after having taken 
 pofleifion of the mofi; valuable parts of the province, to join our enemies, which would make 
 our lituation even worfe than before. 
 
 The Committee therefore are of opinion, all cjrcvimftances confidered, that the fcttle- 
 ments here will be more fecurc with the forces that will remain here, if by joining our army 
 to the Sha Zaddah, and marching with him to the northward, we can put an end to all the in- 
 land troubles here, than in the prelent difpofition of keeping that army at Patna, to make 
 head againft the Sha Zaddali, efpccially if we can procure fuch terms as will enable us to af- 
 femble on any occafion a large country force to co-operate with us here ; and fuch terms, 
 we doubt not, the Sha Zaddah will immediately offer. 
 . .... . . Refolved therefore unanimoully. That the entering into an alliance 
 
 ShaZaddahrcfolvedon with the Sha Zaddah, is a neceffary and expedient meafure. The Prefident 
 is accordingly defired to prefs Coffim Aly Cawn on the fubjeft of our 
 cxpences, and our great diftrels for money, fo as to draw from him fome propofal of means 
 for removing thofe difficulties ; by which probably we may be able to form a judgment, 
 whether he might not be brought to join in this negociation, and in procuring the Nabob's 
 confent. There is another pcrfon here, Roydullub, who has been long under our protec- 
 tion ; and whole attachment to the Company is not to be doubted : through him it is thought 
 this intention may beft be opened to the Sha Zaddah; but as an interview between him and the 
 Prefident at this time, might look fufpicious and give an alarm to the Nabob, Mr. Holwell 
 is defired to open the affair to him, and take his advice how bift to manage. 
 
 Henry Vanfittart. 
 Wm. B. Sumner. 
 J. Z. Holwell. 
 
 Fort William, September the i6th, 1760. 
 
 At a Seltft Committee ; Prefent, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efq; Prefident, 
 
 Colonel Caillaud, 
 
 Wm. B. Sumner, Efq; 
 
 J. Z. Holwell, Efq; 
 
 Wm. M'Gwire, Efq; 
 
 Read, approved, and figned, the proceedings of the 15th inftant. 
 
 'Ihe Prefident acquaints the Committee, that in a long converfation 
 
 The Governor's Report he had laft night with Coffim Aly Cawn, he had an opportunity of 
 
 . ,''" „'-°"'''^'' ,'°" making fome progrefs towards the difcoveries requifite for carrying on 
 with Cofhm Ally , o..ro . .1 . ,■ t 
 
 Q^^y„ the negociation propoled yelterday: — that without letting him know 
 
 any thing of our dcfign, he had led him to make fuch declarations of 
 his defire to have the rule over the Nabob, and the general management of the affairs of 
 the province, as amount almoft to a proof of his readinefs to aft the part intended for him. 
 
 After lelling him much of our regard, and of our opinion of him as the fitteft perlon for 
 conducing the great affairs of the Bengal government, I began to make him ftrong repre- 
 fentations on the fubjcft of the Company's expcnces : that the immediate charges of the 
 army exceeded far the fum afligned for that purpofc ; which fum alio was not regularly paid, 
 there being three or four months arrears : — that bcfides this, he could not but be fenfible how 
 much the Company gave up in other parts, for the fake of providing for the fecurity cf Ben- 
 gal, withdrawing their forces from the Deccan and from Madrafs, and fending continually
 
 C "9 1 
 
 frefh fupp'.ies from Europe. I rcprefented to him funher t!ie gicat lofs tJie Company had 
 fuffered by the long continuance of the prefent war with the Sha Zaddah ; and how much it 
 was to be wifhcd tor the general benefit, tiiat an end could be put to ir, fo as to enable the 
 Nabob to reduce his cxpcnces, and colkft his full revenues, of which a great part is now 
 loft by the ravages of the enemy, particularly the" whole produce of the Patna province. 
 
 In anfwcr to this, Coflim Aly Cawn replied, That he has it not at prefent in his power to 
 provide in a proper manner for the fupply of the Company : — that if we could undertake to 
 give him the general management of ilie country, by taking it out of the hands of thofc 
 who are now intrufted with it by the Nabob, he would then make fuch afTiguments in fa- 
 vour of the Company, as fliouUl be pcrfedlly to our I'aUsfa^tion. — At the fame time he in- 
 llnuated, that this would undoubtedly meet with oppofulon at Muxadavad, and at tirft prove 
 very difagreeable to the Nabob himfeif : for which rcafon it would be quite ncceffary to have 
 a force at hand to fupport him ; by which being enabled to over-rule the prefent evil coun- 
 lellors of the Nabob, he could anl\ver for bringing the Nabob himfeif into fuch terms as fliall 
 be agreed on here. — Wiih rtfpeft to the Sha Zaddah, he did not fcem to have any notion of 
 offering him peace; but laid, he fiiouid be able to l.eep up a fuflicicnt force to fruftrate any 
 future attempts on this province : the prcfident thinking this a fufficient ])rogrei"s for the firlt 
 conference, did not make him acquainted with our intended negociation with the Sha Zaduah, 
 and which he imagines may better be opened to him by one of his old confidants : CoHim Aly 
 Cawn profeffed a regard for Roydulub, and a dcfire to fee him ; but as it was thought fuch 
 an interview could not be brought alwut with fecrely ; and if known, would give an alarm 
 to the Nabob, it was therefore determined to confide in Cojah Petrole, as the httefl per;on 
 to make known our whole plan to Coffiin Aly Cawn. 
 
 Mr. Holwell acquaints the Committee, That agreeable to their refolu- 
 Mr.noUveirs Report tion of yefterday, he had laft night a conference with Rajah Roydulub, 
 \vith^lS''T7'b"°" ^^''° received the overture with much fatisfaftion, and approved in ge- 
 neral of the plan ; but thought there was fome objeftion to the propofed 
 manner of addrefling the prince, as it would caufe much vmnccelTary delay, which for many 
 obvious rcafons flioukl be avoided, and would not glse him the weig'.u necellary on this occa- 
 fion, to obtain an immediate ftop being put to the Prince's operations : that he thought our 
 waiting for an overture from him was too nice a punctilio at this junfture ; becaulb he knows 
 the Prmce is in fuch a fituation, as will not permit his hefitating to accept any terms we 
 offer. He thinks nothing can prevent or delay his immediate coiiceffion to all we alk, but 
 the article of confirming Meer Jafficr Aly Cawn, not only ori account of his per.'bna' re- 
 fcntinent, but as it is contrary to the laws and rules of the empire, the apnointifig a feyd to 
 a lu'iahdary : therefore iays, we had better demand lunnodsat once ; that the power of fu- 
 bahdary, buxgerrea, and dewannec, be lodged in the Englifli Company ; and then wc may 
 confirm Meer J:iiHer A!y Cawn ourfelves, if we think he deferves it. — That there is no oc- 
 cafion toftipulate for particular lands for the maintenance of the troops and ordnance, as the 
 jaggier; of a hoft, a hazzarc, are always fet apart for that purpofe. — He requefls, he may 
 not be thought of for the poft of roy rayen, but that he may be favoured with that of the 
 buxeys neabut under the Company. He thinks he fiiall be al)le, without much difficulty, to 
 conciliate matters with Comgar Cawn, Bulwanfing, and the other Rajaiis of the Prince's 
 party, as they are moll of them his friends. He allures the Committee, he highly approves 
 of the intended promotion of Meer Coffim A'y Cawn to the dewuince, and will moft rea- 
 dily co-operate with him in all matters, conducive to the completion of our plan, as the 
 only poffilile means left to recover the peace and flourifliing ftatc of the provinces, and re- 
 vive the Company's trade and influence. 
 
 Henry Vanfittart. 
 W. 1). Sumner. 
 J. Z. Holwell. 
 Fort William, 24th Oftober 1 760. 
 At a Seleft Committee ; Prefent, 
 William Ellis, Efquirc, Prcfident. 
 William Brightwell Sumner, Efquirc. 
 William M'Gwire, Efquirc. 
 
 Received the following letter from the Prcfident, and Colonel Caillaud, dated at Miradbag 
 
 the 2ift inilant. 
 Gentlemen, 
 The Governor wrote you yefterday of the affairs here being fettled to the Company's 
 advantage : we fliail now have the honour to acquaint you of the fteps by which we ad- 
 vanced to this point of fuccefs. 
 
 The Nabob's vifit to the Governor at Coffimbuzar, the 15th of the month, as well as 
 that we paid him the next day in return, pafild only in general convcrfaiion. The 18th, 
 he came here to talk upon bufinefs : in order to give him a more clear and full view of the 
 bad management of his minifters, by which his own afi^airs as well as the Company's arc 
 reduced to to dangerous a ftatc, and the inhabitants in general to want and mifcry : wc had 
 prepared three letters, which after a fliort and friemlly introduflion, the Governor delivered 
 to him, and of which tranllations are hereunto annexed, under No. i, 2, and 3. 
 
 The
 
 C 1^0 ] 
 
 The Nabob feemetl much afFefted by the perufal of the letters, but endeavoured more t:> 
 put an end to the conference tlian to propofe a remedy to the evils: we, however, prevailed 
 dh him to fend for his dinner to Moraudb.ig, and in a manner infifted on his coming to fomc 
 determination for the immediate reform of his government. At length he coiifeffed him- 
 felf, through a'^e and grief, incapable of llruggling againft fo many difficulties : he defired 
 time to confult with his fricndj. We to'd him the men with whom he had lately advifed 
 were not his friends, but his greateft enemies ; that his returning again in the midft of them, 
 would only be the means of augmenting his difficulties ; that he had much better take the 
 affiftancc of one from among his relations, on whofe true attachment and fidelity he might 
 more fafely rely ; he named five or fix, and among them, Caffim Aly Khan. We alked 
 him which of that number was the moft proper to affift him in his prefent exigencies : he 
 replied, without any hefitation, That Kallim Aly Khan was the moft proper ; neverthelefs, 
 it was with the uimoft difficulty we could prevail on him to fend for him ; and lb very late, 
 that before Kaffim Aly Khan could arrive, the old Nabob was fo extremely fatigued, and 
 in luch a ftate of anxiety, that we could not refufe his return home to take his reft. Wc 
 were convinced indeed, that it would be to no purpofe to keep him ; for fuch was the jea- 
 loufy he difcovercd with refpcft to Kaffim Aly Khan, that we faw he never would confent, 
 without fome fort of force, to give the other the means ot reftoring order to his affairs. 
 An hour or two after tlie Nabob's departure, Kaffim Aly Khan arrived, and feeiucd to be 
 extremely apprchenfive, that the Nabob, inftead of intrufting him with the management of 
 atFairs, would endiavour by fome means or other to get rid of him. We agreed therefore in 
 opinion with him, that he Ihould not go the Nabob's houfe, until meafures were taken for 
 Ills fecurity : we refolveJ, however, to give the Nabob the next day (ihe 19th) to refledl 
 upon the letters before mentioned, in hopes he w^ould propofe fome means of regulation. 
 \\'e heard nothing from him all day, but found by our intelligence, that he had been in 
 council with his old advifers, Kencram, Moonital, and Checon, whofe advice, we were 
 I'urc, would be contrary to the welfare of the country in general, and that of the Company 
 in particular. We determined therefore to aft immediately upon the Nabob's fears. There 
 could not be a better opportunity, than the night of the 19th afforded, it being the conclu- 
 fionof the Gentoo feaft, when all the principal people of that caft would be pretty well fa- 
 tit^ued with their ceremonies. We determined therefore, that Colonel Caillaud, v^rith the 
 two companies of militarv, and fix companies of iisapoys, fliould crofs the river between 
 three and four in the morning, and having joined Kaffim Aly Khan and his people, march to 
 the Nabob's palace, and lurround it juft at day-break : being extremely dcfirous of prevent- 
 ing any difturbance or bloodfhed, the Governor wrote a letter to the Nabob (the tranflation 
 of which is annexed. No. 4 ) and delivered it to the Colonel, to fend in to him at fuch time 
 as he Ihould think mofl expedient : meafures were at the fame time taken for feizing the per- 
 fons of Kcneram, Moonital, and Checon ; our intention being only to remove thofe three 
 unworthy minifters, and place Kaffim Aly Khan in the full management of all the affairs, 
 in quality of deputy and fuccelior to the Nabob. — The Governor remained at Moradbag, in 
 rcadinsfs to pay a vifit of congratulation to the Durbar, as foon as the point ihould be fet- 
 tled. 
 
 The necefiary preparations being accordingly made with all care and fecrefy poffible, the 
 Colonel embarked with the troops, joined Kaffim Aly Khan without the leaft alarm, and 
 marched into the court yard of the palace, juft at the proper inftant : the gates of the inner 
 court being fliut, tne Colonel formed his men without, and then fent the Governor's letter 
 to the Nabob, who was at fiift in a great rage, and long threatened he would make what re- 
 fiftance he could, and take his fate. The Colonel forbore all lioftilitics ; and feveral meffa- 
 ges paffied by the means of Mr. Haftings and Mr. Lulhington, whole icrvices on this occa- 
 ilon dcferve notice. — The ailair remained in this doubtful ftate about two hours, when the 
 Nabolj finding his perfifting w.ii to no purpefe, fent a mefTage to Kaffim Aly Khan, inform- 
 ing him, he was ready to lend him the feals and all the enfigns of dignity, and to order the 
 nobit to be ftuck up in his name ; provided he would agree to take the whole charge of the 
 government upon him, to difcharge all the arrears due to the troops, to pay the ufual reve- 
 nues to the king, to favehis life and his honour, and to give him an allowance fufficient for 
 his maintenance : all thel'c conditions being agreed to, Kaffim Aly Khan was proclaimed, 
 and the old Nabob came out to the Colonel, declaring. That he depended on him for his 
 life ; and the troops then took pofleffion of all the gates, and notice was fent to the Gover- 
 nor, who came immediately ; and the old Nabob met him in the gateway, alking, If his 
 pcrion was fafc, which feemed now to be all his concern. The Governor told him, not 
 only his perfon was fafc, but his government too if he plcafed, of which it never was in- 
 tended to deprive him : the Nabob ani'wcred. That he had nothing more to bufv him at the 
 city ; that he flioukl be in continual danger from Kaffim Aly. Khan ; and that if he was 
 |)ermitted to go and live in Calcutta, he fhould be extremely happy and contented. Tho' 
 we could not help lamenting his fuddcn fall, we were not lorry for this propofal, as affairs 
 will doubtlefs be better managed without him, and the advantages ftipulatcd for the Com- 
 pany be obtained without the leaft difficulty or delay. Kaffim Aly Khan was accordingly 
 icated on the throne, and we paid him our congratulations in the ufual form : all the jcmmi- 
 dars, merchants, and others, rtfiding in the city came immediately, and m.ide their ac- 
 knowledgments to the new Subah ; and in the evening every thing was as perfeftly quiet, 
 
 as
 
 C i^^ ] 
 
 as if there had been no change. The people in gencial fccm much pleafed with this revolu- 
 tion, and we are particularly happy in its being brought about without the Icafl; difturbancc 
 in the town, or a drop of blood fpilt. 
 
 The advantages to the Company are great indeed. — The firinaunds for the countries of 
 Burdwan, and Midnapore, and Chlttigan, wc flmll receive iinmcdiately, as well as that for 
 half of the Chunam already produced at Silket. — A very levere order has already been iffued 
 forbidding all the Shrafts and Merchants to refute the Calcutta liccas, or to alk any batta 
 on them. A I'upply of money will be icnt with the Colonel tor the payment of tlic troojis at 
 Patna, and we have even fome hopes of obtaining three or to. r lack hti'.des to fend down to 
 Calcutta, to help out the Company in their prclcnt occafions there, and at Madrals. — The 
 former balance is to be paid monthly, according to the old Nabob's Kiftbundy. 
 
 We arc the more pleafed with this fortunate event at this time, when the approach of peace 
 in Europe gives us reafon to fear the other European nations will find leilure to difturb us 
 here. We fhall now have flrong refources wit'iin ourfelvcs, and an ally vvhofe attachment 
 to the Company may be relied on. The old Naiicb coidd by no means be depended on for 
 fucli an occalion ; both his incans and dclire of fupporting us were very uncertain, as his be- 
 haviour in the Dutch troubles evinced. 
 
 The old Nabob did not think himfelf I'afe even for One night in the city : Kafliin Aly 
 Khan fupplicd him with boats, and gave hini leave to take away as many of his women as he 
 dehred, and a reafonable quantity of cloaths and jewels. We furnifhed him with a ftrong 
 efcort of Europeans and bepoys, and intended lo lodge him at Hcrogil, but he would not 
 truft himiclf there, and begged he might llcep in his boats clofe to Moradbag, which he did 
 accordingly. We fhall take care that Kafliin Aly Khan provides every thing that is conve- 
 nient and handfomc for himfelf and his women, and lettle upon him a fufficient allowance 
 for his maintenance, and then difpatch him with a flrong elcort to Calcutta. You will pleafe 
 lo provide two houies for his reception ; there are two belonging to Sooberam Byfack and 
 Raufberry Seat, which the Ray Rayen occupied, when he was in Calcutta ; if thefe can be 
 had, we judge they will anfwer very well. 
 
 His legitimate wife, called the Begum Mother of the deccafed Chuta Nabob, and of Kaf- 
 fim Aly Khan's wife, refuled to accompany the old Nabob, with whom fhe fays fhe has not 
 been in good harmony for a long time pafl ; that (he is extremely glad the government is 
 put into luch good hands ; and that flie Ihall live much happier with her daughter and fon 
 in law. 
 
 The old Nabob is now pretty eafy, and fecitis to be reconciled to the lofs of a power which 
 he owns to have been rather a burthen than a plcafure, and too much for his abilities to 
 manage fince the death of his fon ; and the enioyment of the reft of his days in fecurity un- 
 der the Englilh protection, feems to be the chief objcft of his vvilhes. 
 
 No. I. Tranflation of an Addrefs prefented to the Nabob Jafiier Aly Khan by the Gover- 
 nor, dated loth Oftober 1760. 
 When I was at Madrafs, Colonel Clive frequently wrote to me on the ftate of affairs in 
 this country, and told me, that whenever he quitted this country lo return to Europe, he 
 would procure my ap]5cintment to the government. 1 he friendfliip and connexions between 
 your excellency and the colonel arc well known lo me, and 1 hoptd to have found all affairs 
 carried on iiuirely according to the treaty ; but what I obfervcd upon my arrival, I Ihall 
 now lay before you particularly. 
 
 Firft, The Englifli forces who are employed in your fervice, and in the fupport of youY 
 government at A/imabat, are kept without their pay. 
 
 Secondly, The forces of the Sircar, who are Itmicned in tliofe parts, are difcontented, and 
 difaffefted to the fervice for want of pay. 
 
 Thirdly, The Sepoys at Muxadabad had furrounded the palace in a tumultuous manner 
 for the arrears of their pay, and endangered your life : How deeply I was affefted cannot be 
 rxpreffcJ : God is witncfs of what I felt upon that occafion. 
 
 Fourthly, I plainly perceived, that the minifters cf this court, from their covetoufnefs and 
 bafe difpofitions, had fct afidc all juflice, were plundering the poor without caule, and doing 
 what they pleafed, nor even withholding their hands from the lives of the people, deftroying 
 the fubjefts, and bringing ruin and defolation on the country. 
 
 Fifthly, The fcarcity of provifions, ^c. is fo great as was never before known in this 
 country, inlbmuch that the people of all degrees are in the greateft diftrefs. — This can be 
 owing to no other caufe, than the bad management of your minifters. 
 
 Sixthly, Formerly at the defirc of the Englilh Company, a mint was eftablinied in Cal- 
 cutta, and it was your order, that the liccas of Calcutta, of the lame weight and finenefs 
 with the ficcas of Muxadabad, Ihould pafs for ecjual value. Notwitliftanding your perwan- 
 nah for enforcing this grant, the officers of the King's province, iiave not fufterttl them to 
 pafs, but contrary to your orders, require and infift on a batta on the ficcas. 
 . Seventhly, The war with the Sha Zaddahrtill continues: notwithftanding thcfums expend- 
 ed, and the endeavours of the Englifh forces, this affair is yet no nearer to a conclufion than 
 the firft day ; excepting the Kella of A/imabad, no part of the fubahthip of Patna remains 
 in your poilcflion ; all the lands and villages arc in a ftate of ruin ; and the Zemindars in 
 every place are ready to join the Sha Zaddah's army, as appears from the letter to me to this 
 
 H li purpole
 
 [ 122 3 
 
 Jiurpofe from Beerl)Ocn. — From thefc circumftances, it evidently appears to me, that all thefe 
 difficulties c.;me to pals after the death of your fon the late Chuta Nabob ; from whicli time 
 the minifteis of the fircar regarding only their own intereft, negleft the good of the country, 
 and the welfare of the fubjefts, and employ themfelves in oppreffing ths poor, in rapine, 
 violence, injuftice, and iniquity. — When I faw the affairs of the lircar in the hands of fuch 
 faithlefs and unworthy men, and every thing tending ftill farther to ruin, I lifted up my 
 eyes to heaven, and bewailed my ftrange fate, that providence fliould fend me into this 
 country at fuch a time, and in the midlt of fuch calamities ; when the dignity of the Nabob, 
 the reputation of the Company, and the profperity of the country, are almoft expired. After 
 long confidcration, 1 concluded 1 would make one vigorous trial immediately to remedy all 
 thefe evils, hoping by God's afliftance to furmount all difficulties : For this reafon, I am 
 come with great joy into your prefence, and am happy in paying you my refpefts. 
 
 No. 2. Tranflatlon of an Addrefs prefented to the Nabob Jaffier Aly Khan by the Gover- 
 nor, dated the i8th Oftober. 
 The minlfters that are about your perfon, and who tranfaft your bufinefs, are people that 
 are ever wavering and changeable in their Councils, as is evident from the perwannahs you 
 frequently fent me, complaining of the bad conduft and wicked mtentions of Maha Rajah- 
 buUub, inlifleJ upon the being recalled by Ibme means or other. The colonel conlidering 
 the fituation of affair? at that tune, recommended Maha RajahbuUub to you, and you fent 
 nie a copy of it in a letter, which you did ine the honour to write to me, and faid, that you 
 was furprifed that the Colonel would recommend a man fo very unfit for bufinefs. You alfo 
 fent me word by the Nabob Kaffim Aly Khan and the Rayraen, that the bufinefs of the moft 
 confcquence was to get Maha RajaiibuUub down from Patna : 1 therefore agreeable to vour 
 defire, wrote to Mr. Amvatt to lend him down ; God only knows what council your minif- 
 ters gave, that the perwannah was deferred being fent; but that is the true caufe of the trou- 
 bles now at Patna : It is a known maxim, that a government where the councils change 
 every day, cannot be well regulated. 
 
 No. 3. Tranllation of a Lelter prefented to the Nabob Jaffier Aly Khan, by the Gover- 
 nor, dated the 18th Oftober 1760. 
 The important affairs, for the regulation of which I have waited on yot;, as fubmitted to 
 your confideration in a feparaie adihe.s. containing feven article-, ; now tiiat I am here, is 
 the time for opening the door of the difficulties therein mentioned, which is only to be effec- 
 ted by the key of your enlightened wifdom. If this opportunity be loft, another will hardly 
 occur, when we can meet together fo conveniently ; befides, the particulars which I have 
 taken notice of, and the payment of arrears due to the Englifh troops, and thofe of the fir- 
 car, it is neceftary to make a large provifion for future exigencies — You have already given 
 in pledge, jewels for a largo amount, to be difcharged by different payments, agreed and 
 figned to, in your own hand ; how this lum is to be paid, unlefs the country is fettled, I 
 don't perceive ; the pay allowed for the Englilh army has been limited to one lack of rupees 
 per month. As the difturbances in the country have increafed every day, for that reafoQ 
 large iums have been expended in bringing foldicrs from Europe and Madrafs, and in raifing 
 Sepoys : On this account a lack of rupees is by no means .fufficient. Let your excellency 
 duly reflefl, that your own Sepoys, in the time of extremity, preferring their own fafety, 
 have joined with the forces of the enemy ; and the Englifh forces, devoted entirely to your 
 fervice, and the deftruftion of your enemies, never were guilty of fuch a condufV, nor ever 
 will ; and by the bleffing of God, wherever the Englifli ftandard has been fixed they have 
 always proved vlftorious : Upon this account it is by no means becoming your wifdom to 
 nrgleft fuch brave men, or to deny them their due rewards. It is necefiary, that for this 
 bufmefs your excellency grant the Company fome certain lands, iufficient for the dilburfe- 
 mcnt of the pay cf the troops, the cxpences of the artillery, and the provilions of ftores, 8fc. 
 that, without any trouble to yourfelf, all their charges may be defrayed, from the produce 
 of tbefe lands, and our arms always ready to be employed in your fervice ; otherwife I muft 
 iiibmit to neceffity. Mv concern for my honour will not fuffer me to be unmoved at the 
 Company's lofs ; but I muft I'eck fome expedient for promoting the intereft of the Company, 
 and removing the evils ihev are opprtflbd with ; and thofe expedients muft be adopted : but 
 if your affliftion for the death of your fon has taken that hold upon your mind, that you 
 cannot attend to the remedying of fuch great difficulties, it is proper that you appoint fome 
 capable perlbn from amongft your children, in the place and dignity of your faid fon, the 
 Nabob Nalir ool Moolk, who may take charge of all thefe affairs, regulate the bufinefs of 
 the country, and remove all thefe difficulties; that your excellency, freed from all the trou- 
 bles and fatigues of the tranfaftions, may remain without care, and the fhadow of your pro- 
 teftion overlprcad the whole. 
 
 No. 4. Tranflation of a Letter from the Governor to the Nabob, dated 19th Oftober, 
 
 at Night. 
 I have been waiting all this day in cxpeftation that you would have fettled fome of the 
 weighty and urgent atfairs, upon which I yeftcrday conferred with you, and that you would 
 have acquainted me with your determination; but you have not tavoured me with any an- 
 
 fwer ,
 
 [ 123 ! 
 
 fwcr concerning them ; from hence it plainly appears, that as long as thofe evil councellors 
 remain about your pcrl'on, whatlbevcr I may rcprefent to you for your profperity and wel- 
 fare and the good of this country, will have no effcft. The folly of thefc people will foon 
 deprive you of your government, and prove the ruin, likewife, of the Companys affairs : I 
 have iud<red it improper, that fuch evils and difgracc fhould be brought upon us, for the fake 
 of two or three men ; for this reafon I have fent Colonel Caillaud, with forces, to wait up- 
 on you ; when the faid Colonel arrives, he will expel thofe bad councellors, and place your 
 affairs in a proper ftate : I will ihortly follow. Let not your excellency be under any appre- 
 hcnlions, but chcarfully receive the Colonel; and give orders to your men, that they make 
 no difturbances, nor raile tumults in the city. I folemnly declare, that 1 have no other 
 view but your good and welfare. Look upon me as your (incere wcU-wiflier, and remain 
 fatisfied. 
 
 Agreed, we write the following Letter to the Prcfiderit, and Colonel Caillau'J. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 We have been honoured with your favour of the 21ft, and one from the Prtfulent of the 
 20th inftant, by which we have been informed of the great fuccefs that has attended your 
 operation"! '. We muft congratulate you on your having amply effcflcd the intended purpofes, 
 without the effufion of blood, or any difturbance ; and are highly pleafed to find the Nabob 
 fo well reconciled to his prefent fltuation. We doubt not but what has been fo well begun, 
 will be concluded for the beneiit and advantage of the Company ; and that the affairs of the 
 government will, in future, be put on a fecurc and proper footing. 
 
 We have given the necefTary direftions for the reception and accommodation of the old 
 Nabob, whenever he arrives in Calcutta. _ 
 
 A few days, we flatter ourfelves, will bring this matter to a conclufion ; and that we fhall, 
 very fliortly, have the pleafure of the Governor's prcfcnce with us. 
 
 W. Ellis. 
 Wm. B. Sumneri 
 Fort William, 8th November 1 760. 
 
 At a Confultation ; Prefent, 
 
 The honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, Prclident» 
 William Ellis, Samuel Waller, and 
 
 William B. Sumner, Culling Smith, Elquires. 
 Harry Verelft, Mr. M'Gwire, indifpofed. 
 
 Harry Smith, 
 
 ,, -rr ,„> ^ • • t 1 Mr. Verelft delivers in his opinion, upon the inealures lately 
 
 Mr. Verelfts Opinion of the , , , o 1 n. /-i „■,. r 11 
 
 lace Revolutions. taken by the Select Committee, as follows : 
 
 Mr, Verelft begs leave to obferve, that the board had been, 
 till now, kept entirely ignorant of the proceedings of tiic Seleft Committee, relating to the 
 prcient revolution, and tlieir motives for it; he therefore cannot pretend to judge how far 
 fuch a ftep was ncceffary, but thinks, that an affair of fuch immediate confequcnce to the 
 Company's eftates in thefe parts, the moft mature conlideration of the whole board fliould 
 have been firft had ; that a treaty, executed in the moft folemn manner, fubfifted between 
 Meer JafSer, and us; the moft; faithful adherence to which, as well as all other our engage- 
 ments, has preierved taat influence and power wc have maintaineil ever fince the re-capture 
 of Calcutta ; a fteadinefs to which treaty made the Ijritiih admired, nay even courted, by 
 every prince throughout thofe provinces, and has ever been fatal to tiic prince apparent of 
 the empire, and many other difturbers, who have hitherto weakly endeavoured to engage us 
 to break through thofe folemn ties we were fworn to. As this hidden change muft alarm 
 every one, to find us fo unexpeftcdly breaking through all our engagement;, which were fo 
 public, re[)utal)!e, and to the honour of the nation, he cannot be blamed, as the member of 
 this board, for cxpreiring his dilfatisfaftion, at being maile a cypher of, in fo critical a 
 concern. 
 
 Tur c ■ I, n • ■ 1 r Mr. Smith begs leave to obferve, he is of the fame opinion 
 
 Mr. Snrtli s Opinion the fame • • »» tt in 
 is Mr. Veiehl's. With Mr. Verelft. 
 
 The Prefident begs leave to remark upon the foregoing mi- 
 nutes, that though Mr. Verelft and Mr. Smith might, without the halt prefumption, think 
 that they, and the reft of the gentlemen of the Committee, ought to have been confulted 
 upon an affair of fo much importance, before it was carried into execution, yet, their ven- 
 turing to condemn, or approve, before they know the nature of the engagements entered in- 
 to, the reafon why, or the manner in which, the whole was conduced, feems rather pre- 
 mature, cfpccially as they had an opportunity of fo foon making theail'elves comi>ctent jud- 
 ges ; the whole l>eiiig now ordered to be laid before the board, as mentioned in the former 
 part of thcfc minutes: the reafon why the whole council was not before informed, was, that 
 it was an affair that abfolutcly required fecrcfy, and it is cxpreily for the conduct of fuch 
 affairs, th.-\t the honourable the Court of Dircftors has thought proper to appoint a Seleft 
 
 Committee
 
 ■[ iM J 
 
 Committee: To the fccrecy which was obferved, may, in grdat mcalure, be attributed the 
 fpeedy and eafy fuccefs which attended the execution, and the preventing all difturbancc, and 
 lofs of blood. 
 
 Fort William, loth November 1760. 
 
 Monday. 
 
 At a Confultation ; Prefent, 
 
 The honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, Prciidcnt. 
 William Ellis, Harry Verelft, and 
 
 William B. Sumner. Harry Smyth, Efquires. 
 William M'Gwire, 
 
 A Memorial, fetting forth the Caufes of the late Change in the Subahfhip of Bengal. 
 
 The Nabob, Jaffier Alice Cawn, was of a temper extremely tyrannical and avaricious, at 
 the fame time very indolent ; and the people about him, being either abjeft flaves and flat- 
 terers or elfe the bale inftruments of his vices ; there was no chance of having the affairs of 
 the government properly conduftfd, hut by their removal : he attributed all the ill fuccefs of 
 his affairs to imaginary plots and contrivances, and facrificed lives, without mercy, to the 
 excefs of his jealoufy : numberlefs arc the inftances of men, of all degrees, whofe blood he 
 has fpilt without the Icaft afligned reafon. To learn the names and circumflances of all thefc 
 fufferers would be a work of time ; but fome of the moft ftriking examples are thefe fol- 
 lowing : 
 
 Coja Huddec, the firft buxey, firft banifhed for a pretended confplracy againft the Nabob's 
 life and afterwards cut off at Shahbad, in his march out of the province. 
 
 Mir Cazim, the fecond buzey, invited by the Chuta Nabob, to his houfc, and after hav- 
 incr received from him unufual marks of affeftion, afTafhnated at the gates of the palace. 
 
 ^bdeel Oliub Cawn, murdered at the Rumna, in the month of March 1760, by fome of 
 the Hircarras belonging to Checon, who waylaid him for that purpofe, by the Nabob's 
 
 orders. . o • r t\ 
 
 Yar Mahmud, formerly in great favour with the Nabob, Serajah Dowla, and fmce Dro- 
 e;a of the Emarut; flain in the prefence of the Chuta Nabob, in the month of April 1760. 
 
 GafTccta Begum', widow of the Nabob, Shehamut Jung ; 
 
 Omna Begum, mother to the Nabob, Serajah Dowla ; 
 
 Muzado Dowla, the fon of Padfha Coolly Cawn, adopted by Shehamut Jung ; 
 
 Lutfen Nilla Begum, widow of the Nabob, Serajah Dowla ; 
 
 Her infant, daughter of Serajah Dowla. 
 
 The five unhappy fufferers, mentioned laft, pcrlflied all in one night at Dacca, about 
 the month of June 1760 ; where they had been detained prifoners lince the acccfhon of Jaf- 
 fier AUee Cawn to the Subahfhip ; a perwannah was fent to JafTaret Cawn, the Naib of 
 Dacca, to put to death all the furvivors of the family of the Nabob's Alivcvdee Cawn, She- 
 hamut' Jung, and Seraiah Dowla ; but, upon his declining to obey fo cruel an order, the 
 meirent^er, who had private inflruftions to execute this tragedy, in cafe of the other's refu- 
 fal took them from the place of their confinement; and having earned them out at midnight 
 upon the river, malfacred and drowned them, with about ao women of inferior note, and 
 attendants. What became of Aliverdee Cavvn's widow, is uncertain ; it being reported by 
 many, that flie efcaped the fate of the refl of her family. 
 
 Executions of this kind had made the Nabob the dread, or thedcteflation of all good men; 
 and he necefTarily became a prey to the people of mean extraction, and abjcftdifpofitions ;who, 
 knowin"- that a government fo managed could not Itand long, fought only to make thcmfelves 
 rich, by opprefhons of all forts, upon the country, and inhabitants. To the heavy taxes 
 laid by them on the markets, is afcrilied the prefent unufual fcarcity and dearnefs of provi- 
 lions at the citv, the capital of a country, once efteemed the mofl plentiful in the world. 
 
 The perfons" who have had the chief iharcs in this bad management, are Keenooram, 
 Monilol and Ciiecon, all of low birth ; and the two firft, the menial fervants of Jaffier Al- 
 ice Cawn, before he came to the fubahfliip : thefe manage, fo as to engage him continually 
 in idle or vicious amufements; keeping him, by that means in utter ignorance of his affairs, 
 and in a flate of indifference as to their fuccefs. No money came into his treafury at the 
 fame time- nothin"' was paid to his army ; infomuch that his troops mutmled, and f'urround- 
 ed his palace in a tumultuous manner, threatening to take away his life ; which they would 
 certainly have done, had not his fon-in-law, the prefent Nabob, Coflim Alice Cawn, became 
 anfwerablc, and paid them a very large fum out of his own treafury : this happened lafl June 
 and if the imminent danger, with which his pcrfon was threatened on this occafion, awaken- 
 ed for a moment ; no fboner was it removed again to a diftance, than he fell back into the 
 lethar<Ty which had lb long pofleficd hiin. The fame unworthy miniflers remained ftill his 
 only c^uncellors, and continued in the management of his affairs to the lafl day of his ad- 
 miniftration, which he left in fo confufed and impovcriflied a flate, that in all human ap- 
 pearance, another month could hardly have run through before he would have been cut off 
 by his own Sepoys, and the city become a fcene of plunder and diforder ; the Nabob having 
 
 made
 
 C 1^5 1 
 
 midc no further provifion for the payment of the long arrears due to his people, after Coffim 
 Alice Cawn had frctj him from his former extremity, I'his danger he could not but fore- 
 fee, and more than once declared his apprehenfions, yet had not the power to exert the ne- 
 ceflary means for preventing it, hut iuak the deeper into deieftion. 
 
 Beiides this intcfline danger to which the government was expofcd, two armies were in the 
 field, and waiting only the fair weather to advance, the Sha Zaddi'i towards Patna, snd the 
 Beerboom R;,jali towards Meeri]iuJa')ad, the capital. — The Raiahb of Biffenpoor Ramgur, 
 and the other countries bordering upon the mountains, were ready to fhakc off tlieir v'-pen- 
 dance, and had already afforded confulerable fuppJies to the Bcetboom Rajah ; the Rajah of 
 Curruckpoor had committed open hoflilities, and taken poffeflion of all the country about 
 Boglepoor, which entirely flopped the communication between the two jjtovinces on that fide 
 of the river. In a word, the whole country feemed ripe for an univerfal revolt, tliofc parts 
 only excepted, whole natm-al weaknefs, or neighbourhood with the city, intimidated them 
 from taking up arms. To encounter all thefe difficulties, there was nothing but troops 
 without pay, from whom therefore no great efforts could be cxpefted ; of this a very recent 
 inftance occurs in the detachment which was ordered againft the Bccrboom Rajah, three 
 months before the Nabob's abdication, bet never advanced more than three cofc from the 
 city; in which fituation they continued upon my arrival there. 
 
 All who are now in Bengal, and acquainted with the tranfaftions of tlie government, will 
 bear witnefs, that this is a true defcription of fafts ; and all who are convinced of the facts, 
 will certainly agree, that affairs were at an extremity no longer to be neglcftcd, without mani- 
 fcft danger of having the province over-run, and the trade entirely ruined: I was rcfolved 
 therefore to ufe my utmoft endeavours to get theic bad niinillers removed: and judging it 
 might be difficult to prevail on the Nabob to part with his favourites without (ome degree of 
 violence, I brought with me a detachment of Eiuopcans and Sepoys, under pretence of fend- 
 ing them with Colonel Caillaud, to reinforce the army at Patna. 
 
 1 arrived with the Colonel at Coffi;nl>uzar, the 14th of Odtober, and the next day the Na- 
 bob paid us a vifit ; the i6th we went to the city, and returned the vifit on the i8th, the 
 Nabob came to Moradbaug,by appointment, to tail: upon bufiaefs : In the converfalion which 
 I had witli him in the two former meetings, I had taken occafion to reprcfcnt to him in gene- 
 ral terms, the bad management of his minifters, the miferies and univerfal difaffeftion of the 
 country, and the defperate ftate of his, as well as the Company's, affairs : In order to give him 
 a more full and clear view of the evils brought oh through the weaknefsof his adminiftration, 
 and to point out the means of their removal, I had prepared three letters, which, after a fhort 
 and friendly introdu£lion, I delivered to bun, of which tranllations are hereunto annexed, 
 under No. i, 2, and 3- 
 
 'J"he Nabob ieemcd much affeftcd by the perufal of the letters, but endeavoured more to put 
 an end to the conference than to propofe a remedy to the evils. I however prevailed on him 
 to fend for his dinner to Muradbaug, and in a manner infilled on his coming to fome deter- 
 mination for the immediate reform of the government j at length he confefled himfelf, 
 through age and grief, for the late lofs of his fon, incapable alone of flruggiing againft Co 
 many difficulties. — He defired he might have time to confult with his friends; I told him 
 the men, with whom he had lately ailvifed, were not his friends, but his greateft enemies ; 
 that his returning again in the midft of them would only be the means of augmenting his 
 difficulties; that he had much better take the aiuftance of one from amongff his relations, on 
 whofe true attachment and fidelity he might inore fafely rely : He named five or fix, and 
 amongft them Coflim Alice Cawn : I alked him which of that number was moft fit to alfift 
 him in his prefent exigencies ; he replied, without hefnation, ThatCoffim Alice Cawn wastlic 
 moft proper; neverlhelefs it was with the utmofi; difficulty I could prevail on him to fend for 
 him, and fo very late, that before Coflim Allee Cawn could arrive, the old Nabob was lb ex- 
 tremely fatigued, and in fuch a flate of anxiety, that I could not refufc his return home to 
 take his reft. I was convinced indeed that it was to no purpole to detain him; for fuch was 
 the jealoufy he dilcovered with refpeft to Coffim Alice Cawn, that I faw he never would 
 confent, without fome fort of force, to give the other the means of reftoring order to his 
 affairs : An hour or two after the Nabob's departure, Coffim Alice Cawn arrived, and feemed 
 to be extremely apprehenfive that the Nabob, inftead of trufting him with the management 
 of his affairs, would endeavour by fome means or other to get rid of him ; I agreed therefore 
 in opinion with him, that he fhould not go to the Nabob's houfe until meafures were taken 
 for his fecurity: We refolvcd however to give the Nabob the next day (the iQlh) to reHe(i:l 
 upon the letters before-mentioned, in hopes that he would jiropofe fome ineafurcs of regula- 
 tion. — I heard nothing from him all day, but found by my intelligence, that he had been in 
 council with his old advifers Keenooram, Monilol, and Checon, whofe advice I was furc 
 would be contrary to the welfare of the country in general, and tliat of the Coinpany in par- 
 ticular. I determined therefore to aft immediately on the Nabob's fears : There could not 
 be a better opportunity than that the night of the iQtii afforded, it being the conclufion of the 
 Gentoo feaft, when all the principal ))Coplc of that caft would be pretty well fatigued with 
 their ceremonies ; accordingly I agreed with Colonel Caillaud that he ihoiild crofs the river 
 with the detachment between three and four in the morning, and having joined Coffim Alice 
 Cawn, and his people, march to the Naliob's palace, and furround it juft at day-break : Be- 
 ing extremely defirous to prevent any difturbance or bloodflied, I wrote a letter to the Nabob, 
 a tranflation of which is annexed, No. 4. and delivered it to the Colonel, to ftnd in to hiiri 
 
 1- i at
 
 [ ^26 ] 
 
 at fuch'atime as Vie fliould think moft expedient : Meafures were taken at the fame time for 
 feizing the perlons of Kecnooram, Monilol, and Checon ; my intention being only to remove 
 thof^ ihree unworthy minifters, and to place Coflim AUee Cawn in the full management of 
 nil tiic atiairs, in equality of deputy and fuccefl'or to the Nabob: The neceffary preparations 
 being accordingly made, with all the care and fecrcfy poffible, the Colonel embarked with 
 the troop?, joined Colfim Alice Cawn without the leafl: alarm, and marched into the court 
 yard oi the palace juft at ti:e proper inftant ; the gates of the inner court being Ihut, the 
 Colonel formed his men without, and fent my letter to the Nabob, wiio was at firft in a 
 great rage, and long threatened he would make what refiftance he could, and take his fate : 
 Th; Colonel forbore all hoftilities, and feveral mefl'ages palled between him and the Nabob. 
 The aiiair remained in this doubtful ftate about tvvo hours, when the Nabob finding his per- 
 lifting was to no purpol'c, fent a melfage to CoHim AUee Cawn, informing him he was ready 
 to "end him the lea's, and all the enfigns of dignity, and to order the Nabit to be fluck up in 
 Ids name, provided he would agree to lake the whole charge of the government upon him to 
 difcharge ail the arrears due to the troops, to pay the ufual revenues to the King, to lave his 
 life and honour, and give him an allowance fufficient for his maintenance. All theli: con- 
 ditions being agreed to, Colfun Alice Cawn was proclaimed, and the old Nabob came out to 
 the Colonel, declaring that he depended on him for his life: Tl;e troops then took polfeffion 
 of all the gates; and notice being fent to me, I immediately repaired to the palace, and was 
 met by the old Nabob in the gateway ; he aiked if his perfon was fafe, which feemed now to 
 1>e all his concern ; I told him that not only his perfon was fafe, but his government too, if 
 he pleaied, of which it was never intended to deprive him ; the Nabob anlwered, that he had 
 no more buhnefs at the city, that he Ihould be in continual danger from Coffim Alice Cawn; 
 arid that if he was permitted to go and live in Calcutta, he fhould be extremely happy and 
 contented. Though I could not help lamenting his :udden fall, I was not lorry for this pro- 
 pofal, as I knew attairs would be much better managed without him ; and his retaining a fliare 
 in the authority (however Imail) could not fail tocaufe I'uch perplexities as might prove, info 
 critical and dangerous a junfture, of the worft confequences to the adminlftration. Coflim Allec 
 Cawn was accordingly Icated on the mulhud, and 1 paid him my congratulations in the ufual 
 form; all the Jemautdars and perfons cf diflmfticn at the city came immediately and made 
 their acknowledgments to the new Subah, and in the evening every thing was as perfcftly 
 quiet as if 'there had been no ch;mge; the people in general feemed much pleafed with this 
 revolution, which had this peculiar felicity attending it, that it was brought about without 
 the leaft difturbancc in the town, or a drop of biood Ipilt. 
 
 The Nabob did not think him.'e!! fafe even for one night in the city : Coflim Allee Cawn 
 fupplied him with boats, and permitted him to take away as iTany of his women as he dc- 
 fired (which he did to about the number of iix y) with a realbnable quantity of jewels. I 
 f urnilhed him with a ftronger elcort of Europeans and Sepoys, and intended to lodge him at 
 Nezajeel, but he would not truft himfelf there, and begged he might flcep in his boats clofc 
 to Moradbaug, which he accordingly did. — He continued at Moradbaug the ne.si day, and 
 in the evening I vifiicd him wiih Culoncl Caillaud. — He appeared then pretty ealy, and 
 reconciled the lofs of a power, wnich he owned to be rather a burthen than a pieafure, and too 
 much for his abilities to manage lince the deaili of his fon ; and the enjoyment of the reft of 
 his days in fecurity under the Englilb protcftion icemed to be the chief objeft of his wiflies. 
 
 On the morning of the 22d, he let out for Calcutta, and ai rived there the 29th. He was 
 met by a deputation from the Council, and treated with every mark of rcfpcft due to his 
 former dignity. 
 
 Tranflation of an addrefs prefcnted to the Nabob Jaffier Ally Cawn by the Governor. 
 
 Dated the i8th Oftober 1760. 
 
 Ko. I. When T was at MadraTs, Colonel Clive frequently wrote to me upon the flatc of 
 the aJfairs of this country, and told mc, that whenever he quitted this country, to return to 
 Europe, he would procure my appointment to the government. The friendfhip and connec- 
 tions between your Excellency and the Colonel, are well known to me; and 1 hoped to have 
 found ail affairs carried on entirely according to the treaty; but what I obferved upon my 
 arrival, I fhall now lay before you particularly. 
 
 Firft, The Englifli Forces, who are employed in your fcrvice, and in the fupport of vour 
 government at Azimabad*, arc kept without their pay. 
 
 Secondly, The forces of the Sicar f, who are (tationed in thofe parts, are difcontented, and 
 difaffeifled to the fervice for want of their pay. 
 
 Thirdly, The Sepoys of Murlhudabad had furroundcd the palace in a tumultuous manner 
 for the arrears of their pay, and endangered your life: how deeply 1 was afte£led cannot be 
 cxprefTed ; God is witnefs what 1 felt on that occafion. 
 
 Fourthly, I plainly perceived that the niiniflers of this court, from their covetous and bafe 
 dilpofnions, had fct afidc all juftice, were plundering the poor without caufe, and doin<T 
 what they pleafed, nor even withholding theii hands from the lives of the people, deflroyin^ 
 the fubjfts, and bringing ruin and dcfolation on the country. ' ° 
 
 + Eatna. ^ Government. 
 
 Fifthh
 
 [ 1^7 1 
 
 Fifthly, TIic fcarcity of provifions, &c. is fo great as was never before known In this 
 country, inloinuch that the people of all degrees arc in the grcatefl: diftrefs: this can be 
 owing to no other cauie but the hail management olyour minifters. 
 
 Sixthly, Formerly, at the defire of the Englilh Company, a mint was cftabliflied in Cal- 
 cutta; and it was your order that the fiecas of Calcutta, of the fame weight and fmenels with 
 the ficcas of MuifliuJabad, fhouM pals for equal value; notwithilanding your pcrwannahs, 
 for the enforcing of this grant, the otficers of the King's province have not fuffered them to 
 pafs ; but, contrary to your orders, require ami infifl on a balta on the ficcas. 
 
 Seventhly, The war with the Sha Zadda ftillcontlnues, notwithilanding the fums expend- 
 ed, and the endeavours of tiie Englifh forces, the affair is yet no nearer to a concluiion than 
 the firft day, excepting the kella I of Azimabad, no part of the fubahlliip of Patna remains 
 in your polleffiun ; all the lands and villages are in a ftatc of ruin, and the Zemindars, in 
 every place, are ready to join the Sha Zadda's army, as appears from the letter wrote to mc 
 to this purjjofe from Beerboom : From thefe circumftances it evidently appears to me, lliac 
 all thefe difficulties came to pafs after the death of your fon, the late Chuta Nabob, from 
 which time the miniftcrs of the fircar regarding only their own intereft, neglefl tlie good of 
 the country, and the welfare of the fuhjcfts, and employ themfelves in oppreffing the poor, 
 in rapine, violence, injuflicc, and iniquity. When I faw the affairs of the ficar in the hands 
 offuch faiihlefs and unworthy men, and every thing tendingftill farther to ruin, I lifted up 
 my eyes to heaven, and bewailed my ftrange fate, that Providence fhou'.d fend mc into thi» 
 country at fuch a time, and in the midft of fucli calamities, when the dignity of the Nabob, 
 the reputation of the Company, and t!;e prolperity of the country, are almofl expired. 
 After long confideration, I concluded that 1 would make one vigorous trial immediately, to 
 remedy all thefe evils, hoping, by God's affiftance, to furniount all difficulties; for this rea- 
 son I am come with great joy into your prefcnce, and am happy in paying you my re(pc£ts. 
 
 Tr^nflation of ah Addrefi prefented to tlic Nabob Jaflier Ally Cawn by the Governor. 
 
 Dated 1 8th 0(5tobcr, 1760. 
 
 No. 2. The miniflers that are about your pcrfon, and who tranfaft your buf.ncfs, are 
 people that are ever wavering and changeable in their councils, as is evident from the per- 
 wannahs you frequently lent me; complaining of the bad conduft and wicked intentions of 
 Malia Rajabulluo, infilling upon his being recalled by fome means or other. The Colonel, 
 confidcnng the fiiuatlon of affairs at that time, rScommcnded Maha Rajahullub to you, and 
 you fcnt a copy of it to me iD a letter, which you did me the honour to v,- rite me, and faid, 
 you was furprifcrl tint the Coionel would recommend a man fo very unlit for every bulmefs ; 
 you abb lent me word i>y the Nabob Meer Maliomed CafTum Cawn, and the Roy Royan, 
 that the bufinels of the mofl confequence was to get Maha P.ajabuUub down from Patna. I 
 therefore, agreeable to your defirc, wrote to Mr. Amyatt, to fend him down : God only 
 knows what council your miniflers gave; that the perwannah was deferred being fent, but 
 that is the true cau'e of the troabies now at Patna. It is a known maxim that a government, 
 where the council changes every day, cannot be well regulated. 
 
 Tranflaticn of a Letter preftnted to the Nabob Jafher Ally Cavvn by the Governor. 
 
 Dated i8th Ocflobcr, 1760. 
 
 No. 3. The important affairs, for the regulation of which I have waited upon you, are 
 fubmitted to your confideration in a feparaie addrefs, containing fcven articles. Now that 
 I am here, this is the time for opening the door of theilifhcuhies therein mentioned, which is 
 only to be efFc£lcd by the key of your enlightened wifdom. If this opportunity be loft, 
 another will hardly occur, when we can meet together fo conveniently; bclides the particu- 
 lars which 1 have taken notice of, and the payment of the arrears, due to the Englifh troops, 
 and thole of the fircar, it is necelfary to make a large provifion for future exigencies ; you 
 have already given in pledge jewels for a large amount, to be dilcharged by diffeient payments, 
 agreed and figncd 10 by your own hand. How this lum is to be paid, unlels the country is 
 fettled, I do not perceive; the pay allowed for the Englifh army has been limited to one lack 
 of ruj>ces per month; as the dif\urbances in the country have mcreafed everyday, for that 
 reafon large fums have been exj)ended in t'ringing fbldiers from Euro))e and ISTadrals, and in 
 raifing Sc|ioys ; on this account a lack of rupees is by no means fufiicient .• let your excel- 
 lency duly rcfltfl that your own Se])0\s, in time of extremity, preferring their own latety, 
 have joined with the forces of the enemy, and the Englifh forces devoted entirely to your 
 fcrvicc,and thcdcftruflion of your enemies, never wcreguilty of iuch a conduifl, nor ever will; 
 and by the bleiling of (iod, wherever the Englifh ffanclanl has been fixed, they have always 
 proved victorious ; upon this account it is by no means becoming your vvildom to negleft lucli 
 brave men, or to deiiv them their due rewaids. It is ncceifary that for this bufincfs your 
 Excellency grant the Englifli Company certain lands, iuflicient for the tlilburlement of the 
 troops, the cxpcnces of the artillery, and the provifion of ftorcs, &c. that without any 
 trcu'.ile to yourlelf, all their charges may be defrayed from the produce of thefe lands, and 
 our arms always ready lo be employed in your fcrvice, otherwife 1 muft fubmit to neceffity. 
 My concern for my own honour will not fuffer mc to be unmoved at the Company's lofs; 
 
 t Fcrt. 
 
 hut
 
 C i28 j 
 
 Lut i niuft fcek fome expedient for promoting the interefts of tlieCompaiiy, i.ad removing the 
 evils they are opprelTed with; and thofe expedients muft be adopted. But if your affliftion 
 for the death of your fon has taken that hold upon your mind, that you cannot attend to the 
 remedying of fuch great difficulties, it is proper that you appoint fome capable perfon from 
 amongft your children, in the place and dignity of your faid fon the Nabob Naffirool Moolk, 
 who may take charge of all thefe affairs, regulate the bufmefs of the country, and remove all 
 thefe difficulties. — That your Excellency, freed from all the troubles and fatigues of the public 
 tranfaftions, may remain without care or uneafinefs, and the Ihadow of your proteftion over- 
 fpread the whole. 
 
 Tranflation of a Letter from the Governor to the Nabob. 
 
 Dated the 19th Oclober 1760, at night. 
 No. 4. I have been waiting all this day in expeftation that you would have fettled fome 
 6f the weighty and urgent affairs upon which I yeflerday conferred with you, and that you 
 would have acquainted me with your determination, but you have not favoured me with any 
 anfwer concerning them ; from hence it plainly appears, that as long as thofe evil councellors 
 remain about your perfon, whatfOever I may reprcfent to you for your profperity and wel- 
 fare, and the good of this country, will have no cffeft. The folly of thefe people will foon 
 deprive you of your government, and prove the ruin likewife of the Company's affairs. I 
 have judged it improper that fuch evils and difgrace fhould be brought upon us for the fake 
 of two or three men ; for this reafon I have fent Colonel CalUaud with forces to wait upon 
 you; when the fame Colonel arrives, he will expel thofe bad councellors, and place your affairs 
 in a proper (tatc : I will fhortly follow. Let not your Excellency be under any apprehen- 
 fions, but chearfully receive the Colonel, and give orders to your men that they commit no 
 difturbance, nor raife tumults in the city. I folemnly declare that I have no other view but 
 your good and welfare. — Look upon me as your flncere well-wifher, and remain fatisfitd. 
 
 
 TV I 
 
 .%■■■■ 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 
 
 10. 
 
 Proceedings relating to Colonel Calllaud. 
 
 Fort William, the 4th Oflober 1762 
 
 At a Confultation ; Prefent, 
 
 The worfhipful Peter Amyatt, Efquire, Prefident. 
 William M'Guire, Efquire. William Hay, Efquire. 
 
 Warren Haflings, Efquire, Hugh Watts, Efquire. 
 
 The Governor Indifpofed. 
 
 Colonel Caillaud's 
 Defence, L. R. No. 14. 
 
 Colonel CalUaud now delivers in the following letter, dated this 
 day, containing an apology for his conduft, in anfwer to the charge 
 exhibited 
 
 againfl him. 
 
 To the honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, 
 Prefident, and Governor, &;c. Gentlemen of Council, at Fort William, 
 
 Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 In compliance to the orders which you have received relating to me, from the honourable 
 the Court of Direftors, in a poftfcript of a letter, under date the 7th Oftobcr 1761, in which 
 you are direftcd and required to caufe the flriftefl and mofl impartial enquiry to be made 
 into a report ; " That in conjun£lion with the Chuta Nabob, I had figned a paper, offering 
 *' a reward of fifty thoufand rupees, or fome fuch fum, to feveral black pcrfons for the affaf- 
 *' fination of the Sha Zaddah, which paper was alfo offered to Mr. Amyatt, the then chief of 
 •' Patna, for him to fign ; but which he rcfufed, as a mofl infamous meafure :" This, 
 Gentlemen, is the fubftance of the charge to which I am now to reply. 
 
 Unfavourable as the firfl: appearance of the aftlon may feem againfl mc, I cannot but hope 
 that when in the courfe of this my apology, you are made acquainted with the reafons for 
 my concurring and confentlng to this (as it muft have appeared^ fo unjuflifiable a meafure, 
 and when all the circumflances attending on it are laid before you, I flatter myfelf that I 
 may be able fo far to jufllfy my conduft to the world, my employers, and you, as to fatisfy 
 them that if I have gone too far, it was from the bcft of motives, and with the befl of inten- 
 tions; fuch at leaft as at that time, and ever fmce, have acquitted me in my own breaft of 
 any fenfe of guilt; and happy fhall I be, if I can make my aftlons appear in the fame light 
 to the unprejudiced and impartial part of mankind. 
 
 Could I have forcfeen or expcfted that one day I might be called upon to anfwer to what is 
 now fo heavily laid to my charge, or had my heart ever once at the time, or afterwards, 
 reproached me with that tranfaftion as a crime, which is now made one of fo foul a nature 
 againfl me ; is it to be fuppofed but that I would have taken fuch precautions to guard 
 againfl the confcquenccs, as naturally muft have prcfented thcmfclvcs to a mind confclous of 
 
 guilt.
 
 C 129 ] 
 
 guilt, or of a fault ? On the contrary, as my confclence never reproached me, fo my con- 
 du(5l, in confequence, was agreeable to the felf-known honefty an innocence of my inten- 
 tions : On this account, therefore, I made no lecret of what had pafled, but on all occafioiis 
 openly anJ publicly avowed it ; even the very day after, my firft flep was to make the 
 Governor (then Mr. Hohvell) acquainted with it ; a copy of which letter I fliall produce, and 
 in which the faft is told in all truth and lincerity; but in fuch a ftilc alfo, as 1 think muft 
 fupport what I declare to have been my real lentiments and motives in this affair: I ihall 
 bring alfo a letter, wrote the morning of that evening, in whicii I accjuiefced with the 
 Nabob in that meafure, and in which I think many flriking proofs will be f^und for the truth 
 of what I advance in favour of my caufe. 
 
 From whence then could this confcioufncfs of fecurity to myfelf arife ? Guilt could never 
 have produce I it. Sure then, it could only proceed from a flrong fclf coiiviiSion, that the 
 meafure to which I then gave my concurrence could never take place ; but to the appear- 
 ances to which 1 was obliged tofubinit, from the necefTity of the timi-s, anti to avoid greater 
 ills which then threatened us, as well from the perplexing and critical lituacion of alYairs in 
 general, as from the natures and dilpofitions of the people, with whom I had to deal. 
 
 As a further teftimony of the truth of what I am now advancing towards my vindication j 
 and as a proof that the aftion muft have appeared to others in the fame light as it did to me 
 at the time, I appeal tu the gentlemen then prefcnt. Captain Knox and Mr. Lufliington, for 
 their fentiments on tlie affair : For, to the beft of my remembrance, I cannot recollecl that 
 either of them once made any ohjeftion, or exprefled that juft abhorrence, which naturally 
 wou'd arile againft an aflion fuch as 1 am charged with. Could this proceed from any caufe, 
 but their feeing the w hole t^anfaftion with all its attending circumftanct s, in the lame fa- 
 vourable point of view, in which it appeared t6 me? Muft they not, like me, have been 
 fatisfied and ccn\ meed, that it was an idle and vain fclicmc, that cou!d never take place, 
 but to which my concurrence was abfolutely neceflary, to amufe and keep up the idle fooliflt 
 hopes of the Nabob and his fon, who required no lefs a jiroof (as we then ftood affc(^ed 
 towards eachother") to laiisfy them, and remove thofe fears and jealoulies from which wc had 
 every thing to apprehend. 
 
 Tubs urged, thus impelled, I made no fcruple cf a<Sling to the bcft of my judgment and 
 abilicic ^"or the public fervice. To forward that alone was my only aim, and engroffed all 
 my attention ; to that I facrificed all fears, that the means by which I purfued it, were in ap- 
 pearance unjuftifiable. But fears indeed I had none, but fuch as I was ever ready to defpife, 
 when the public good and my private fafety came in competition : others in my fituation 
 might have a£fcd with more pr>adencc; but none, I will venture to affirm, with more inno- 
 cence of heart, or better intentions : had I been guilty, I had the means in my power, with 
 caie, to have concealed it : had I been lei's zealous, I had proceeded with more caution, and 
 given more attention to my own perlonal fafety, than to the dangers of the public caufe. 
 
 But from this my own report, Gentlemen, neither the world nor you can judge, or be 
 fatisfied. I flTall therefore endeavour to fupport what I have already offered in my vindica- 
 tion, by fuch proofs, as, from the nature of the accufation againft me, I fhall be able to 
 colleft. Thefe proofs fhall confift in a fair and impartial account of the tranfaftion itielf ; 
 with all the circumftances attending it that I can poflibly charge my memory with j and by 
 my own account of the event immediately after it happened. — The difficulties! labour under 
 in my oefence, are obvious, by being obliged to anfwer to fb unexpefted a charge, at fb great a 
 diftancc of time, there being now al ove two years elapled ; in which fpace many circum- 
 ftances muft have elcraped me, as well as the gentlemen who were prefent, which, could wc 
 recolleft, might ha\e much favoured and ailiftcd my caufe. However, fuch allowances and 
 afliftance, in this, and in every other refpeil, as may be expcfled from men of honour, can- 
 dour, and generofity, I am fatisfied I may expeft, and that I Iball receive. Gentlemen from 
 you. 
 
 To this account of the faft itfelf fhall be joined authenticated extrafts from my correfpon- 
 dence at that time ; and from thefe I hope the real motives of my aftion will appear in their 
 ftrongeft and moft favourable light, as will alio what I have advanced as to the then critical 
 fituation of our affairs. But for the truth of this I may further appeal to many of the prcfcnt 
 members of th^' Council, who muft have a perfeft knowledge, as well of our condition at that 
 time, as of the nature of the men with whom I was obliged to aft. 
 
 From the dcpolitions already taken, and the further queftions I may have to afic of Captain 
 Knox and Mr. Lufhington, I hoj)e alto much may appear in my favour : What I have to 
 fay in my own caule may be doubted ; but that, when ftrengthened by the teftimony of 
 others, cannot be controverted. Happy fliall I eftccm myfelf, if altogether 1 can fatisfy my 
 employers, and you. Gentlemen, that 1 have not defervcd the injury done my reputation. 
 
 I am greatly encouraged to hope, from the reception I have met with fincc iny arrival here, 
 that no prejudices are entertained tomy difadvantage. On the contrary, I have all the lealbn 
 to be fatisfied, that my caufe will be affifted by all the generous concern which human minds 
 can feel (without prejudice to honour, truth, or juftice) for errors in which the Iieart had no 
 fharc. 
 
 May I venture to conclude this by an appeal to the courfc of my conduft thro' life ? Have 
 I ever, to the knowledge of any man, betrayed in my aflions, my converfation, or my man- 
 ners, a want of humanity ? or in my nature and difpofition Ihewn that I had not the feelings 
 
 K k of
 
 r 130 ] 
 
 of a man ' and may I, without an imputation of vanity, rather flatter myfelf, that amongft 
 niY friends and mv acquaintance, I was held in iome efleem, for the praaice of a few virtues 
 tl-.e moft oppofite'to luch a charafler r Is it poflible then, that I could in one minute fo far 
 chanee my nature ; and that at once forgetting all that was due to myfelf, to honour, to 
 principle, and to hun.anitv, I could be guilty of the crime laid to my charge ? 
 
 There are none of you, Gentlemen, here, but what are well acquamted with the Shah 
 Zaddah'sfirft attempts in the year 1759, who then entered the fubahfliip of Bahar, at the head 
 of an army which gave the tirft rife to the troubles and confufion, that for a time fo diftraftcd 
 this o-overn'ment. Colonel Clive, with his ufual conduct, a£tivity, and fuccefs, baffled with 
 eai'e ^his tirft attempts, and obliged him to retire over the Caramnaferah, the boundaries 
 of the Patna province ; and there was room to hope, that all further troubles from that 
 quarter were happily over. 
 
 However early in the year 1760, the Prince was encouraged by the number of difaflei^ed 
 Ra'iahs and'jemydars of thefe provinces (who all proniifed to fupport his caufe) once more 
 to try his fortune. You are well informed of his hrft fucceffes by the defeat of Ramnouan, 
 the S'ubah then of Patna ; of my march, in conjunflion with the Nabob's fon, to the relief of 
 lliat city • and of our fuccefs againft the Prince, whofe army was defeated at Circey on the 
 22d of February. 
 
 The bad ufe that was made of this viftory, the caufes of which are well known, gave the 
 Prince time to colle£l his fcattered adherents ; and the then fituation of the province of Ben- . 
 gal gave him hopes, that he might better carry the point, by ftriking at once at the root 
 before we could prevent the miichief; which determined him to move for that province, 
 leavino- behind him every thing that could retard his march, and with an army compolcd. 
 ahnoft^'of nothing but cavalry. 
 
 The old Nabob was then in Bengal, and had taken the field at the head of an army, as 
 mutinous, difobedient, and ill appointed, as a body of troops could be, to whom there was 
 owing vaft arrears of pay, and even without money for their immediate lubfiftence. The 
 occafion of his taking the field at firft, was with an intention to reduce to obedience the Na- 
 bob of Pyrneah, who had thrown off liis allegiance, and was encamped on the banks of the 
 Ganoes with an army well appointed and well paid of 30 thouland men ; and btfules this 
 fore? by whom the hhah Zaddau expeftcd to be joined, there was alio a body of Morattocs 
 that had entered the province from Catack, and were then in the heart of Bengal, plunder- 
 in" anddeftroying the moft fruitful part of the province ; and this was the fituation of aftairs 
 in this government about the beginning of March. 
 
 Mr. Holwell was then Governor, and had fucceeded Colonel Clive, who had failed for 
 Europe fome time in February : while he remained luch was his influence and alcenJancy 
 over the Nabob, that he was kept within Iome bounds; but no fooner was that check re- 
 moved than he began to purfue fuch nieafures as gave Mr. Holwell (and indeed with juffice) 
 very early impreffions to his difadvantage ; and as Mr. Holwell did not conceal his fenti- 
 ments the Nabob was loon apprized of tticm ; and thus a mutual diftruft and jealoufy of each 
 other was very early and firmly eftablifhed. I own the Nabob's conduft was fuch, that 
 thoufjh my way of afting was different, yet my real Oj/uiion of him was to the full as bad as 
 Mr. Holwell's ; but ourrefpeftive thoughts on this fubjeft will bell appear by the fubjoined 
 extraffs of our letters, one of mine to the Governor, dated the 27th February, and his an- 
 fwer of the nth of March. 
 
 Extraft of Colonel Caillaud's Letter to Mr. H-olwclI, dated Shah Zadahpour, 27th February 
 
 i;6o. 
 
 " The more I fee of the Nabob, the more I am convinced he muft be ruined in fpite of all 
 " our endeavours, if he does not alter his prefent meafures : he is neither loved nor feared 
 " by his troops, nor his people : he neglefts fecuring the one by the badnefs of his payments ; 
 " and he wants fpirit and ftcadinefs to command the other : as no one knows him better 
 " than you, Sir, no one is more proper to give him the necefiary advice on the occafion ; nor 
 " can you too forcibly, or frequently rcprcfent to him the fatal confequenccs, if he perfills in 
 " his folly." 
 
 Extraft of Mr. Holwell's Anfvver, dated Calcutta, nth March 1760. 
 
 " The judgment you have formed of the Nabob is too joft. Weaknefs, irrefolution, fufpi- 
 *' cion, and confequentlv cruelty from his difpofition : What but the iffuc you prediftcan refult 
 *' from thefe, when joined to a moft ungracious and infolent demeanour, which has made him 
 'f univerfally hated and defplfed '< We muft, however, fupport him and his government as long 
 " as we poitibly can, without involving ourfclves and our employers in his ruin. When this 
 <' appears, it will be time to think a little further, as I judge there is no treaty fubfifting be- 
 <' tweenus, that can exaftthat facrlficc from us." 
 
 Ill, however, as it appears I thought of the Nabob, yet I flrove on all occafions to foften 
 matters between him and Mr. Holwell : I knew and apprehended the fatal confeqi.cnccs of fuch 
 jcaloufiesand divifions amongft us; which in the end could but eiicrcafe our difficulties, and 
 add to the confufion and perplexity of our fituation. 
 
 Among
 
 [ 131 ] 
 
 Among the many ful)jcfts of contention between thcni, there were two in particular that 
 much widened the breach, and in the conduft of which I thought there were faults on both 
 fides. 
 
 The Nabob at this time had been particularly earned with Mr. Holwell, with regard to 
 the proteftion that was continued to a perlon called Roycloolabram, againft whom there were 
 very ftrong proofs, that he had been very inftrununtal in promoting thfc troubles which then 
 reigned m that country; that he had favoured the Prince's caufe, and affiftca him with money ; 
 and that it was owing principally to his rcprelentntionsand advice, that the Prince had begun 
 his march towards Bengal ; and that the ^iorattoes had entered the provinLc. It was certain 
 that the force of any accui'ation which the Nabob could bring againft this man, was much 
 weakened by the ki;owlcdge we had of his motives, and the many attempts he nad before made 
 at tlie expenCL- of truth, to indace us to withdraw our proteflion from him : But at this time 
 rny fufpicions of his conduct weie not grouniled ,o much on what the Nabob advanced againft 
 him, as from my own knowledge of fatts, which proved that he not only then encouraged, 
 but was affifting the Pv;ni.e"!> caufe.' I did nor think therefore that all was done that mig'it 
 have been ilone, to gve the Nabob fatisfaftion in this affair: Tho' I muft do Mr. Ho. well 
 the juftice to fay, that notwiiiiftanding our fentiments differed on this I'ubjeft, yet he iiad fo 
 much regard to my reprclentations, as to have the man confined to his houle, and narrowlv 
 watched. Our opinions will bell appear on this fulijtft alio by two fhort cxiradls of one of my 
 litters to him, dated the 4th of Marchj and his anfwer of the 12th. 
 
 Extradl of Colonel Caillaud's Letter to Mr. HolwcU, dated Camp at Clrcey the 4th March 
 
 1760. 
 
 " There was a report that Roydoolabram and Nuncomar were confined. I could have 
 " wifhed to have feen it contirmv.d in your laft letter ; as to the latter, I know nothing of him, 
 " but for the former, I am convinced he has been the principal pcrfon concerned inallthefe 
 " troubles. His confinement, if true, will, I think, be a great means to ruin the Shah Zaddah 
 
 and his party— as hisintcieft and money have been the principal means of his lupport." 
 
 « 
 
 Extraft of Mr. Holwell's Anfwer, dated Calcutta 12th March 1760. 
 
 "I muft differ in fentiments with you touching Roydoolabram's fupporting him (meaning 
 " Sabur, the chief of the Morattoes, who were in the country) or the Shah Zaildah ; narrowly 
 " watched as he has luen, it is hardly poihbic he could have furniflied cither with fupp'ies ; 
 " and for tlie further iecurity ot him, I have removed him and his fons into the centre of the 
 " town, where they aie, and Ihall remain dole piiioners until thefe trouliles fubfide." 
 
 This affair was one of thofe which at tirft Icgun the diftrufts arid doulits that fiibfifted 
 between the Governci and the Nabob; but another of a more ferious nature that happened 
 about this time encrea/ed it to fuch a degree, a^ ftill made my fituation between tliem more 
 and more perplexed. It will be ncccliary, however, before I mention this event, tliat I 
 mention what became of the Prince, and of his expedition into the Bengal province. 
 
 As we had the earlicft intelligence of the Prince's march and defigns, the young Nabob 
 was then convinced, but too late, of his folly ; and to make w^hat amends he could for it, 
 he agreed to purfue any meafures I would propole : there was but one left, which was to 
 follow the Prince as faft as we could ; and though it could not be expedf cd, from the nature 
 of our troops, t!i.it we could come up with his army, yet we kept lb clofe to him, as en- 
 tirely prevented his putting in execution any part of his plan of operations, expefting his 
 being joined by the Morattoes. As for us, after the junftion was made between the old 
 Nabob's army and ours, we marched, in hopes of bringing the Prince to another engage- 
 ment, which he as cautioufly avoided ; however, what with lucky and unlucky hours, and 
 every fort of delay an I di, appointment that could attend irrelblurion in council, and cow- 
 ardice in execution, we loft many opportunities; the laft the beft, when I came up near 
 enough to the rear of the Prince's army to cannonatie them ; but from which they foon got 
 out of reach; and the Prince finding he could not make any thmgof it, while he had our 
 army to contend with, took the fame rout back, by which he came ; and thus ended his 
 fruitlefs attempt in Bengal; and as loon as we were fatisfied of his retreat, our army, m 
 conjunftion with the two Nabobs and their forces, marched towards the city of Muxadavad. 
 It was about this time that 1 received a letter from Mr. Holwell, dated the 7th April, 
 informing mc, that he had found out that the Nabob was carrying on a correipondencc with 
 the Prince, and of fo injurious a nature to the mutual engagements which We- were under to 
 each other, as deferved our warmeft refentment, dellring me that I would ufe all the means 
 in my power to come at the truth of it ; that he, for his part, had been employing an emif- 
 fary withCandcr Khan, the man who was then the Prince's principal fuppOrt. The conle- 
 (juence of this cmiflaty's ncgociations (of the nature of which I never was made acquainted, 
 whether by letter or meflage) was no Icls than Mr. Holwell's receiving in anfwer a phir- 
 maund from the Prince with many fair ofi^"er3, and Inclofing a copy, as it is faid, ot the 
 Nabob's addrefs, into the authenticity of which 1 was to inquire. Thus a correfpondcncs 
 was eftablifhed between Mr. Holwell and the Prince, at the lame time that he was lb loudly- 
 reproaching the Nabob with a ftep of the fame nature.
 
 [ 13^ ] 
 
 The firft intimation I had given me of this affair, was previous to Mr. Holwell's letter, 
 and came to me from lome of the perfons about the Nabob, informing me that the Nabob 
 was acquainted with the whole tranlaftion, and was under the grcateft uneafinefs and apprc- 
 henfions about it ; for which I own I thought he had but too much reafon ; for as he could 
 not know Mr. Hohvell's motives, fuch a circumftance at the time mufl have much afFeflcd 
 him, and made a very ftrong impreffion on his mind. I did not then immediately give my 
 fentiments to Mr. Holwell on the affair; but fome time after, upon his mentioning, in a 
 letter to mc, that his meffengers coming from the Prince, had been plundered of their let- 
 ters, which, he faid, could not be done by any but fome of the Nabob's emiffaries, I could 
 not help in my anfwcr to him in a general letter of the firft of May, faying — 
 
 Extraft of Colonel Caillaud's Letter to the Board, dated Moradbaug, ift May 1760. 
 
 " In the Prefident's letter of tlie 24th ultimo, he informs me, that the returning Hir- 
 " carrahs from Cander Khan had been plundered of the letters they had. I am concerned 
 *' indeed at it, but not fo much from any great lofs the letters can be ; but that if they have 
 " fallen into the Nabob's hands, he will have reafon to think it very extraordinary, that at 
 " the fame time we are reproachmg him with carrying on a correfpondence without our 
 " knowledge, to find fuch proofs againft us of our doing the like, with another difagrceable 
 " circumftance attending it, letters in the fame packet for men his known and profelied ene- 
 " mies, fuch as Rajahram and Nunccmar." 
 
 To fct the above circumftances in the cleareft light I can, circumflances which I think 
 muft ftrongly tend towards my juftification, 1 will now lay before you, Gentlemen, an ex- 
 trad of that letter from the Governor, dated the 7th April, in which he firft makes me 
 acquainted both with his own correfpondence, and that which he fufpefted the Nabob was 
 carrying on with the Prince; and to this I fhall fubjoin my anfwer of the 15th of April, 
 which I will beg of you to obferve was wrote the morning of that very day, on which, 
 with the Nabob and his fon, I figned that paper with regard to ths Prince. 
 
 Extraft of Mr. Holwell's Letter to Colonel Caillaud, dated Calcutta, the 7th April 1760. 
 
 " I am now to touch on a fubjeft to you, which appears to me to require our greateft at- 
 " tention : fome days ago I wrote Mr. Haftings concerning an information that was given 
 *' me, that the old Nabob had fcnt a trufty perfon with a fubmiflive arazee to the Sha Zaddah, 
 " in which he exculpated himfelf, by throwing the whole blame of the oppofition made to 
 *' his arms, on the machinations of the Englifh. Mr. Haftings, in his letter in anlwer to 
 " mine, feemcd to think it impoflible fuch a ftep could have been taken by the Nabob, or 
 " indeed, that he could have fent any arazee at all; however, in a fubfequent letter from 
 " him, of the 27th, he finds out, that an arazee was fent, though different in purport to 
 *' that I informed liim of: as I thought it moft effential to u?, to trace, if poflible, the 
 •' truth, I employed an emiftary to Camgar Khan ; the confequence of which has been a 
 •' phirmaund from the Sha Zaddah, enclofing a copy of the old Nabob's arazee to him, with 
 " an apology for not fending the original ; a copy of the copy I fend you enclofed, and re- 
 " queft your fentiments, how and in what light this appears to you. If the copy is authen- 
 " tic, the cafe is plain, that this man, for whom we have drawn the fword, would not fcru- 
 *' pie, if drove to any extremity, to make his peace by the facrif.ce of his proteftors. The 
 *' phirmaund, I fuppofe, differs little in matters from that he fcnt you ; he reminds me of 
 " the obligations the Englifh lay under to his anceftors; and offers a charte blanche for the 
 *' Company, provided we will draw our forces off from that doer of evil, and join them to 
 " his ftandard, which he advifcs me he has at prefent fixed at Surgur; and in a few days 
 " purpofes to ereft it in Muxadavad, &cc." 
 
 Extraft of Colonel Caillaud's Anfwer, dated Camp at Dignagur, the 15th April 1760. 
 
 " I am now to anfwer your two laft obliging favours of the 7th and 9th ; the receipt of 
 which I acknowledged in my laft of the i2tli inftant. In order to come to the truth, with 
 regard to the Nabob's arazee to the Prince, Mr. Haftings had recourfe to the Nabob's 
 Perfian writer; a man, who has on many occafions given him proofs of attachment and 
 fidelity. The moment he let his eyes on the paper, he declared it to be a forgery : may 
 " 1 beg leave to refer you to Mr. Haftings for the reafons he gave for it, as that gentleman's 
 " knowledge in the language will enable him to give you a clearer idea of thefe diftinftions 
 *' in addrclfes and the ftile of their letters than I can pretend to ; for my part I own, after 
 " Mr. Haftings had repeated them to mc, they were fo fatisfaftory as to convince mc, the 
 " probability of its being a forgery was greatly in the Nabob's favour. 
 
 " Two days. Sir, before I received your letter, the Nabob and his fon were with me, 
 " and I found the old man big with fomething that he did not well know how to begin 
 *' breaking to me ; I helped him forwartl all I could, by thofe kind of affurances which of- 
 *' ten open the hearts of men, and he tlicn told me that he liad wrote to the Prince, and 
 
 had 
 
 i
 
 [ 133 ] 
 
 " had received an anfwer, fuch a one as gave him hopes witli other circumftances, that ill 
 *' Prince might he inclinaljle to treat, and put himfclf perhaps in his power ; but that he 
 " knew he (the Prince) would not do this, without 1 would he his lecurity for his fafcty : 
 " the Natiob was dtfirous to know in l\.ch a cafe, how I would aft ; but the main drift of 
 " his dilbouri.- was to find out, in fliort, how far I would he conlentlng, in cafe, by the 
 *' means of tiiis treaty, the Prince would truft himfelf fo far in his power as to give him an 
 " opportunity of difplaylng the true eaftern fyftem of politics, by cutting him off. You 
 *' may eafi.y, Sir, gucls my anfwer, Tliat 1 was ready to do every thing for his fervice 
 " coiififtcnt with the honour of my country, and tlic facred regard we paid to our word ; 
 " and Lcfides, that if the Prince made any addrcis to mc on this fubjeft of I'ecuritv, 1 mull 
 " hrft have vour inflruftions in the afi'air; and thus the converfation ended. I made it iny 
 *' bufincfs afterwards to enquire among fome of the Nabob's people, on what grounds he 
 " founded thefe liopcs of getting the Prince in his power, but they all allured im, as I fuf- 
 " pe£led, That tlicy were no more than the idle reports of I'ome of his minions, who knew 
 " fuch ftories would be well received and credited, and fo found tlieir advantage in flattering 
 " his fooliili hopes. 
 
 " It is a very unfortunate circumftancfe that we have to do with fo weak a man, who ncl- 
 " ther from principle nor merit deferves the dignity of the ftation we have raifcd him to ; 
 " and in which he could not remain twenty-four hours, if we were to withdraw our protec- 
 " tion from him, and on which he now fo much depends, that I am obliged to give him a. 
 guard of feapoysfor the fafetv of his pcrfon. It does not appear to mc, however, injuf- 
 *' tice or m rcafon, that wc ought to fupport him in the purluit of unjuftifiahle mcafurcs, 
 *' fuch as lie follows, in regard to the not diicharging tlie vaft arrears due to his troops, who, 
 *' to a man, have publicly declared they vvill not draw their fwords in his caufe, and that 
 only ihe fear of us prevents their ufing them againft him : the confequences of which will 
 be, as to his part, that while he is not afraid of his heid, he never will fatisfy them ; and 
 to us, that though we may proteft liim againft immediate danger to his perloii, we muft 
 relinquilli th*" hopes of leeing the country free from troubles, while he keeps a body of 
 troops he will not pay regularly, and over whom he has conlequcntly no command. This 
 rotten fyftem we might ftill, in fome meafure, lupport, were we always allured none but 
 " the country jiowcrs would difturb us. But 1 believe it ii more than probable, that the 
 *' French and Dutch, if not both, may fome time or other renew their attempts to be con- 
 *' ccrned, and with how mucli the more probability of fucccfs from the dilbafted flate of 
 the country, while the Nabob continues to govern it fo ill : the firft opportunity 1 pro- 
 pole reprelenting all this to him in the ftrongeft light I poffibly can, and fliould our 
 opinions agree, I Ihould take it as a favour if you would enclofc a letter from yourfelf on 
 the fubjeft ; 1 will deliver it, and take that opportunity, as the bcft, to try what can be 
 done by working on his fears; the only way, indeed, I am convinced, of managing him 
 to our advantage and his good. In particular. Sir, you will pleafe to enforce the payment 
 of his troops, hinting, that if he delays it, I have your orders not to prevent their taking 
 " their own mcaluies." 
 
 From this letter, I think, Gentlemen, my real fcntiments may be judged to appear in 
 their ftron^cft light; and if luch was my way of thinking in the morning, it may be well 
 fuppoied they might in a great degree influence the mealures to which I concurred in the 
 cvenir.g. My natural abhorrence of any bad or bafe aftion, appears, I think, ftrongly ex- 
 prelild; nor is it lets evident from what follows immediately alter, how much reaion and 
 juftice I had to treat any information of that fort from the Nabob, with all that degree of 
 contempt and dilbclicf which it merited. After I was convinced and farislicd from my en- 
 quiries, how little foundation there was for the truth and probability of any fuch event tak- 
 ing place, had not this latter proof ftrongly prepoficlTetl me, it is evident, I think, that I 
 fhould have followed my firft fentimcnts, which feem the moft agreeable to my difpolition 
 and nature. My opinion of the Nabob's fituation and our own profpefts, are painted in 
 their true colours, and may ferve alio to prove, how perplexed my own fituation muft have 
 been at the time. 
 
 All thefe circumftances confidered, did it not become abfolutoly neccfl"ary for me to give 
 the Nabob fome fuch proof as would fatisfy him, and calm thofe fears and apprchcnfions, 
 which the tenor of Mr. Holwell's conduft had fo ftrongly imprelTed on his mind ? Bad as I 
 thought of the whole fyftem, yet I was bound by all the means in my power to fupport it. 
 A mutual confidence between me and the Nabob was eflentially nccellary ior this purpofe, 
 and could it be done more cfrtiffually than by removing the caule of his miftruft ? In a few 
 hours after fuch an opportunity offers, and was it not my bulinefs and my duty to embrace 
 it? the proof of fuch a nature as beft could anfwer every good purjiolc which 1 could pro- 
 pofc from it : a proof the beft calculated in point of time and circumftancc that could hap- 
 pen, and the ftrongeft Iclf-cop.viftion, when I gave it, that the meafure which it hath ap- 
 peared to tend to, was fuch as I knew could never take place. Let me requeft. Gentlemen, 
 that the evidence which this letter conveys of the true ftate of my mind at that time, may 
 have all the weight and attention I think it deferves; and how ftrong the prefumption, that 
 it muft have influenced me in the aft which followed almoft immediately after. 
 
 L 1 To 
 
 <(
 
 [ 134 ] 
 
 ^To tlie tranfaflion itfelf I ?.m now come, and as many particulars as I can charge my me- 
 mory with attending on it, I fhall relate. 
 
 On tlie 15th of April, in the evening, I waited on the Nabob; my intention in the vilit 
 was to introduce Captain Knox to take his leave, as he was the next day to march for Pat- 
 na, with a detachment under his command ; and I further wanted to engage the Nabob to 
 fend with him a body of cavalry : Mr. Lufliington, as my interpreter, of courfe was with 
 me. 
 
 We called in our way firfi; on the Nabob's fon, with whom we ftaid a few minutes, and I 
 remember his prefencing me at that time with a palanquin, which he had promifed me a 
 Ion" time before, and had come up that day from Muxadavad. The little circumftances 
 which 1 may tlirow into the courfe of this my account of the affair, are meant only to 
 Ihew, that I am poflefled of that degree of recolledtion, which muft give evidence to the 
 truth of what 1 may relate of the more effential parts of this tranfadion. 
 
 From the young Nabob's tents, we fct out to his father's : I think I had mentioned to 
 his fon my wanting a body of cavalry to go with Captain Knox ; certain it is, that a little 
 after our arrival at the old Nabob's, I defircd Mr. Lufliington to fettle this bulinefs with 
 the young one ; for which purpofe they went into another apartment ; where they, with the 
 Patna jemidars, remained for fome time talking and fettling this affair, leaving Captain 
 Knox, with the old Nabob and me, in another part of the tent. What the lubjeft of the 
 converfation was between us I cannot recolle£t ; but this I am very certain of, that the little 
 which could have paffed muft have been of a very general nature, as there was only Captain 
 Knox to explain between us ; for fo imperfcft at that time was his knowledge of the coun- 
 try language, that it was iinpoflible that he could interpret any regular feries of converfa- 
 tion between the Nabob and me. I can recolleft my going into the tent where the young 
 Nabob and Mr. Lulhington were fitting, with the Patna jemidars aboveinentioned, in order 
 to know what was determined on ; how long I remained there, and how foon after they were 
 difmiffed, I cannot pretend to charge my memory with : all I know with certainty is, that 
 they were difmilVed, and all other attendants ; and I think that the old Nabob then changed 
 his feat, and came into that part of the tent where his fon had been with Mr. Lufliington ; 
 that there was then prefent the Nabob, his fon, Captain Knox, Mr. Lufliington, myfelf, 
 and a Pcrfian writer or two. To the beft of my remembrance the Nabob's head Hircarrah, 
 one Chuckan, was there ; I am fatisfied, at leaft, he was there fome part of the time. I 
 then well and confidently remember a letter being produced and read (by whom I cannot fay) 
 and by that letter I think the fubje£t was firft opened ; but that Mr. Lufliington cxplamed it 
 to me, as he did every other part of the converfation, I folemnly declare to be mofl true, 
 and that it was the firft time, and the only time, I ever heard of the matter, and that Mr. 
 Lufliington, and Mr. Lufliington alone, was and could be the interpreter on the occafion. 
 
 The purport of the letter was, that one Conderoy, formerly a fervant of Cander Khan, 
 made an offer of delivering the Prince into our hands ; but if that could not be done, he 
 would cut him off. The letter, I think, was addreffed to that head Hircarrah Chuckan, 
 whofe charafter for untruth, I believe, fome gentlemen here can vouch fov. However, I 
 will not affirm this as a pofitive truth, but of this I am moft fure, that after having heard the 
 letter explained, I repeatedly gave it as my opinion, that I believed it all a forgery, contri- 
 ved by the Nabob, on purpole to be fatisfied, by my confenting to, or rejefting it, what 
 judgment he might form of the nature of the correipondence then carrying on by Mr. Hal- 
 well, and how far 1 was concerned in it : I remember well my enquiring into the means of 
 this being carried into execution, and many other queftions, that would have enabled rae to 
 judge how far I might give credit to the fchemc. The anfwers to which queftions I remem- 
 ber but fcrved the more to confirm me in a perfeft difbelief of the whole matter, and make 
 me, with fo much eafe, give my concurrence to the fcheme, as, without any danger to the 
 Prince, I knew it might ferve to gain my ends with the Nabob. 
 
 I'he rcalon why I was alked to feal the paper in conjunftion with the two Nabobs, was to 
 afccrtain to the man the reward which was promifed him; for fuch was the ftate of their credit 
 in the country at that time, that few cared to truft their words, even for fo fmall a fum ; and 
 without this proof I knew nothing was done towards fatisfying the Nabob; I therefore rea- 
 dily confented to it, and defired, in confequence, Mr. Lufliington, to fend for my feal. 
 
 I do not remember any objeftion made liy either of the gentlemen with nie. I have the 
 faint recolleftion of any exprefhon of diflike in Captain Knox's countenance, which might 
 have firft introduced the reafons which he fo well recollects in his depofition, that I gave 
 for the neceflityof going the lengths I did, and with which, to the beft of my knowledge, 
 he was. well fatisfied. As to Mr. Lufliington, there was no objeftion ftarted by him, that 
 I can in the leaft recolleft or remember, but of this I am confident, that if he had thought 
 the mcal'ure improper, or unjuftifiable, he would have made objeftions. — And for the truth 
 of this I can appeal to himlelf, conlcious as he muft be of the intimacy and friendfliip that 
 fubfifted between us, which was fuch as made him ready, on all public occafions, to givemc 
 his fentiments with freedom, which were ever by me received with kindnefs, as I always 
 had the greattft confidence in him, from a thorough fenfe of his capacity and merit : I muft 
 own, indeed, that I have feen his depolitions on the affair with the greateft concern and 
 furprize ; that he might have forgot all that paffed was poffible, but that his memory ihall 
 be fo treacherous as to make him remember things fo evidently contrary and oppofite to 
 
 what
 
 [ ^5^ ] 
 
 what real'y nappencd at the time, is, indeed, to me a matter of no lefs aftonifliincnt than 
 concern. However, it is poffible that I may help his rccolleflion, by a few queftions, when 
 we Ihall have tlic honour, together with Captain Knox, to appear before you. 
 
 While my fcal was going for, I believe the paper was writing, and as my tents were at 
 fomc dillance from the Nabob's, I'ome time muft have elapfi.d before they could come ; per- 
 haps half an hour; and all which time I prefume the converfation was continued on the 
 fubjeft. — When the fcal came, it was put to the paper, by whom I recolle£t not, nor does 
 it, indeed, matter much, for whoever did it, it was done at m.y deiire, and by my direc- 
 tions ; I have mentioned this circumftnnce, as I have been given to underftand, that fome 
 flre.'s has been laid on this particular aft of Mr. Lufliington, as if by it he could be deemed 
 an acceliary in the tranfaftion ; in confequence of the further orders 8;iven bv the Court of 
 Dircdois, tiiat if any Europeans were concerned in the affair, they fhould likewife be dif- 
 miffcd their fcrvlce. There is no need furc of adding to the weight of what 1 teel on this 
 occafion, the painful reileflion that any others fliould fuffer for an aftion intirely my own. 
 If Mr. Lulhington put the fcal, it was to fave me the trouble; it was not his duty, nor his 
 office, nor tiid I ever efteem it fo, nor underftand that it was. My fcal was in genera! af- 
 fixed by a Perfian writer ; and if now the qucftion was afked me, who it was, to the bed: 
 of my remJinbrance, that then did that lervice, I (liould certainly fay it was one of ilie 
 Periian writers then prcfent ; not indeed from recoUeftion, becaufe from the diftance of 
 time, this clrcumftance has efcaped my memory, but becaule there was no rcufon at thut 
 time for changing our general cuftom, which as I have faid was for the Pcrfi.in writers to 
 feal the letters; and that it was fo from no other reafon, but that in any attempts of that 
 kind we commonly make a blot inftead of an imprelhon ; as their manner differs from ours, 
 it requires prafticc to dc it as it ought. In lliort, Captain Knox, who was with me, by 
 mere accident, may as well be deemed an accelfary as Mr. Lufliington ; the aft was my own 
 entirely, and whatever was done, was done by my direftions and orders. 
 
 iSoon after the leal being put, I took my leave, and from that time, or rather from the 
 day after, in which I informed the Governor of what had pafTed, I nevtr once thought more 
 of the matter, at leafl fcrioully enough to make me think I had done amifs. Mr. Amyatt, 
 in his letter to the board, mentions his having wrote to me on the iubjeft, and that my an- 
 fwer was, " As to the affair of the three leals, as there was nothing particular mentioned, I 
 " have no particular charge toanlwer." And this proceeded from a contitlence then, which 
 belief fliU held me (until fomc days ago that 1 faw the original paper) that no mention had 
 ever been made in the paper on what account the money was to be paid, but that it was 
 mentioned in general, fnch a fum fliould be given, when he had performed the fervice he 
 had engaged to do the Nabob. I do not mention this as meaning it fhould be efteemed any 
 part of my juftification ; it is onfy to clear up that palTage. — I never denied what had been 
 done ; and the extraft which I now produce of my letter to the Governor, dated the i6th of 
 April, the very day after, is, I think a iuflicient proof of it. 
 
 Extraft of Colonel Caillaud's Letter to Mr. Holwell, dated Camp at Dignagur, the i6th 
 
 April 1760. 
 
 " In my 'afl I informed you. Sir, of fomc of the Nabob's late notable fchcmes, but laft 
 ** night ht made me acquainted with another ftill more notable; and in which alfo 1 am 
 " concerned to little cfieft. 1 believe, however, there could be no harm in trying; this 
 " it is: 
 
 " One Conderry, duan to Comger Khan, wrote to the Nabob, and has engaged to put 
 ** the Prince in his hands, or to cut him off, if the Nabob would agree to give him a lack 
 " of rupees, and the command of Comger Khan's country ; and if the Nal)ob accepted of 
 " thefc propofals, the promile was to be made, iigned, and fealed, by the two Nabob's and 
 •' myfelf, all which was done laft night." 
 
 Mr. Holwell's anfwer, under date tlic 22d, I will infert at large. I muft obfcrve, that 
 there has Ix-en a mil^ake in the date of iny letter, or in the copies taken, for in his letter he 
 acknowledges receipts of mine of the 15th and 17th; in mv copy book, the date of the 
 letter is the i6th. I did not write to hiin on the lytli, nor indeed until the 20th, fb it is 
 plain he received the letter, which I call mine of the i6th, and this he acknowledges as of 
 the 17th. 
 
 Mr. Holwell's Letter to Colonel Caillaud, dated 22d April 1760. 
 
 " I iiav. the plcaiureof your two favours of the 15th and i7th, and muft take a further 
 " day to reply to them more circumftantially ; for the prelent I enclofe you a letter to tlic 
 old Nabob to the purport of your requcft, and with it a copy for your pcrulal, and, I 
 hope, approval ; it contains, I think, nothing but what fhould at all events be urged to' 
 him at this junfture. Something muft be done, and foon, to recover the currency of the 
 trade of the proviiiccs, or the Company muft be loft : the fale of their woollen goods, 
 coppjr, £ic. Exports arc totally obflrufted, their inveftnunt in confequence of this, and 
 the unavoidable ftoppage of the tankas, wholly at a fbnd, and not more than a lack and a 
 
 half
 
 [ ^6 3 
 
 •* half in iheir treafury, particulars you (hould be neccffarily acquainted with, as they arife 
 " from the perpetual troubles of the country, perpetuated I may too juftly fay, by the wick- 
 " edncls, as well as weakncls, of thofe who govern it. 
 
 .*' To give you what are ftill my fentiments on the Nabob's arzdafht to the Prince, and my • 
 
 *' reafons for thole Icntiments, I now enclofe you a copy of my reply to Mr. Haftings on that j 
 
 " head, and think my judgment of this affair more confirmed from the circumftance recited 1 
 
 •' in your favour of the 15th ; to wit, the Nabob's haying acknowledged to you his writing 
 " to the Prince, and that his reply gave him hopes he was inclined to treat; the carrying on 
 " this concealed correfpondence with the Prince, I cannot look on in any other light than ' 
 
 " as the highcfl infringement of the refpefl and deference due to your flation, and the treaty , 
 
 " fubfifling between us; and here it becomes, Sir, needful to remark, it is full time the 1 
 
 " Nabob Ihould be convinced he is not to look upon you as an officer fent to fubmit impli- 
 " citly to his orders or fentiments, but as liis coadjutor and proteftor in the war ! andlliould, 
 " at anv time, his wretched politics dictate meafures, which appear in your opinion de- 
 " flruftiveof the general end propoled, 1 hope, and doubt not, but you will think yourfelf 
 •' fully authorized and peremptorily to over-rule them without lofing time in application 
 " here ; as I am very well fatisfied we may depend on the propriety of yourconduft in the 
 " command and trull you are invefted with. I have the honour to be, with very real 
 " efteein, &c." 
 
 I have tranfcribcd the whole of the above letter, as I think. Gentlemen, it flill gives a further 
 proof of what I liave already advanced, as to the then critical and perplexed fituation of our 
 affairs. Mr. Holwell fays, when he acknowledges the receipt of thofe two letters of the 15th 
 and 17th, that he muft take a further day to reply to them more circumftantially ; but this 
 was never done in any of his fubfequent letters, as to the principal point in queflion ; of 
 which, if you fliiuki have any doubts, they may be eafily fatisfied by laying before you the 
 whole couri'e of our correfpondence together. This anfwer of Mr. Holvvell's, I think, 
 proves, at leaft tacitly, his opinion of the affair ; and what is fllll more, you will pleafe to 
 obierve, tliat though in my account of the tranfaftion to him, I gave no particular reafons 
 for my motives in going fuch lengths; and though my own words, " That there could be 
 " no harm in trying," feem to imply, as if 1 admitted, at leaft, a poflibility ; yet the lit- 
 tle probability of it muft have appeared in fo ftrong a light to the Governor, that he never 
 once cenfures me as guilty even of an indifcretion, much lefs of a crime ; on the contrary, 
 he feems ratiier inclined, from the letter, to a])prove my conduft in general, and conie- 
 quently to encreafe in his confidence. 
 
 It becomes neceflary, however. Gentlemen, to inform you why I did not make the Go- 
 vernor acquainted with the real motives of my conduft, and contented myfelf with fo ge- 
 neral an account of the tranlaftion ; and this I am induced to do, that I may clear up any 
 impreflions to my difadvantage which might arife from thofe words, "There is no harm in 
 ** trying," whicli if not yet accounted for, might, notwithftanding my folemn declaration 
 to the contrary, convey an idea, that I admitted at leaft a pofiibility of the fcheme taking 
 place. In doing this, I muft touch upon a fubje£l which I willingly would have avoided, 
 but I cannot, in fo dear a caufe, as that of my reputation and chara£ler, leave any thing 
 out, which I think may tend to clearing of it up to your fatisfafticn. 
 
 Mr. Holwell's general charafter and dii'pofition is well known in India, and many were the 
 cautions which I received from thofe who knew him beft, to be on my guard agalnft him. 
 This naturally excluded any great degree of confidence on my fide. But I was cautious alfo 
 of myfelf, and not willing haftily to arraign and condemn his conduft, fearing the confe- 
 quences of a mind already tainted with prejudices againft him, which might have bialTed my 
 judgment, and led me to cenfure aftions in him, which perhaps, more impartially inclined, I 
 might have approved in others : and though I might have been ever fo much in the right, fuch 
 a fubjeft between him and me muft certainly have given rife to altercation and difpute, which 
 could not but have added to the confufion of our affairs. I therefore forebore as long as I pof- 
 fibly could, and for the public good I rather chcfe to avoid every thing that might of- 
 fend, while I could do it confiftently with my duty. My motives, had I given them, muft 
 have implied a very heavy cenfure on his conduft, when I could have only told him, that the 
 whole courle of his extraordinary behaviour towards the Nabob, and that particular part of 
 it in carrying on a fecret correfpondence with the Prince, at the very time that he was fo 
 loudly cenfuring the fame ftep in the Nabob, had forced ine to concur in a meafure, to which 
 I never would have confented if any other proof could have fatisfied the Nabob, that we 
 were not making the beft terms we could for ourfelves, without any regard to him, or the 
 mutual engagements fubfifting between us. As I did not therefore, for the reafons above- 
 mentioned, acquaint Mr. Holwell with my motives, I was obliged in my account cf the 
 tranfaftion itfelf, to throw in, at leaft, fuch a degree of probability attending on it, as 
 would fave me from appearing in the ridiculous light of having confented to a meafure, which 
 I was proving could anfwer no end, and that was my only reafon for inferring the words I 
 did; nor docs it lefs evidently, I think, appear from the ingenuous and open manner in 
 which I relate the tranfaftion itfelf, but tiiat I mufthave been confcious to myfelf how well 
 prepared I was, from the innocence of my real intentions, to anfwer any charge, which at 
 that time might have been brought againft inc. 
 
 You
 
 [ X37 ] 
 
 You have had now. Gentlemen, laid befere you in all finccrity and truth, all tliat I have 
 to offer in my juftilication ; but I cannot conclude witlidut caking ibme notice of the manner, 
 in which this heavy charge is exhibited againft n»e. 
 
 The letter from the honourable the Court of Direftors begins by thefe words (which is all 
 that appears as the ground of their charge) " It having been ftrongly reported," but whe- 
 ther thel'e reports were of a public or of a private nature, how far examined into, and who 
 were the authors of them, are points which I am left to guefs at, though I own I thought 
 fome farther lights into the accul'ation, or at leaft, the names of my accufers, was a fatis- 
 faftion due to my chara£ler ; but which I am deeply concerned to iind, 1 was not thought 
 worthy to receive. Little, I own, did I expeft luch a return for upwards of nine years 
 fervices ; and in the courfe of which I had flattered myfelf that my conduft had been irre- 
 proachable ; and if I may be permitted to fay it, I was'uill the more confirmed in this fond 
 hope, by having been honoured by that body with fome diftinguifliing marks of favour. I 
 mull further own, that their laft rewards (which 1 Have ever gratefully acknowledged, was 
 due alone to their intcreft and folicitations) were of fuch a nature as far exceeded my beft fer- 
 vices : imprell'ed therefore with the highefl lenfe of gratitude for their favours, happy in th*; 
 confidence of their approbiition, and anxioully purfuing the only means in my power, by 
 whicli I could acquit myielf towards them ; I am unhappy enough in one inflant to find all 
 my beft hopes fruftra ed, my reputation blafted (a reputation confirmed and eftaWifhed by 
 theinfelvcs) and all this owing to a ready belief of the very firft report to my difadvantagc. 
 
 As to my accuiers, I have faid I am given leave togueis at them, however, fome friends 
 have been kind enough to give me that private lotisfaSion, which f thought was my due 
 from public jufticc. I am now only furprifed, that every re[)0rt which that worthy man has 
 fo induflrioully fpread and propagated againft me, to the prejudice of my charafter, has not 
 obtained ecjual credit, and been made another part of the charge againft me. I mean the 
 report " of my having alio ordered the afTaflination of the young Naliob, whole death was 
 " given out to have happened by a flafh of lightning." 1 his I introduce as a proof of the 
 great degree of credit, which my accufer deferves. Indeed, as 1 have acknowledged the 
 other fa£t, lo far I muft own, and do the gentleman juftice, that there was fome truth in the 
 firil part of his information; but whether led to it by a natural dilpofition to malice, fcan- 
 dal, and calumny, or whether aftuated by the more nohle zeal for the common injury done 
 to humanity, pulilic honour, and jufticc, are points which I think deferved fome attention 
 from the icipeflable body, who received his information, and might have juftlv been a fub- 
 jcft well Jeierving their ftri£tcft enquiry : would it riot alfo have been but fair and juft for 
 this body to have confidered his ftation in their fervice, and how far it rendered him a com- 
 petent judge of public tranfaftions from the liippofed knowledge he could have in country af- 
 fairs, in which he never was employed ? If the fact had really been as reprefenred by him, 
 the Court of Directors muft have been tatisfied, that it was of^a public nature, or how could 
 one of his rank have come by his intelligenre : and if of a public nature, why did it not 
 come to them in a proper channel, and from whence alone, in honour and juftice to tlicir 
 fervants, complaints Ihould ever be heard ? The Court of Directors muft eitlier fuppolc that 
 their fervants in council are very deficient in their duty, or that the affair was miireprefen- 
 tcd to them, fince no notice was taken of it here at the Board, from whence they might na- 
 turally Ivippofe the account would have come for their own honour, ha-l I been as guilty as 
 the ftory they cndiied teemed lo make me. All thtfe ciriiimftances confidered, fhould have 
 had, 1 think, ibme weight, and might have induced them to flicw a greater degree of ten- 
 dernefs, than appears in the nature of the enquiry ; cfpecially in favour of one whole cha- 
 radcr to their knowledge was free from ftain or blemifli. 
 
 Such, however, is my confidence in the caufc of truth, that ftill I hope the fhame will 
 fall on ihoie who oeft deferve it; and that the impartial part of mankind will as freely acquit 
 me, as I have been acfjuitted !>y my own confcicnce in the whole courfe of the affair. 
 
 I am fatlslltd alfo, that juftice will have her turn, and that thofe from whom I think I 
 have received this undeierved injury to my reputation, will be as ready (when convinced ot 
 my innocence) to make me all the amends in their power. 
 
 But this calc of mine now, gentlemen, becomes more immediately your own. It is front 
 your opinion and dccifion, that the impartial world nnift judge and determine. To you all 
 the faiSls recited muft appear in their ftrongeft pomt of view. To you the truth of the ar- 
 guments I have ufed in my defence, muft appear in all their force ; and the ftrcngth of the 
 proofs I have brought in lupjiort of them, are beft to be determined by you alone, whofe 
 knowledge of every particular, by being on the Ipot, muft make your judgments much more 
 perfcft and difcerning, than thofe who at fo great a diftance are hereafter to determine 
 on my conduft. 
 
 By your opinions, therefore, I am to ftand or fall ; well pleafcd and happy to fubmit th« 
 caufc of ini)oce.icc and truth to the decifion of men of honour and juftice. 
 I hd."C the honour to be, with perfcfl refpcft, 
 Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 Your moft obedient, and 
 Calcutta, the 4tli Moft humble fcrvant, 
 
 October 176a. John Caillaud. 
 
 M m Colonel
 
 r 138 3 
 
 Colonel CalUaud's Letter. L. R. No. 15. 
 
 He alio fends in another letter, requefting that after we have perufed the above apology, 
 we will be plealed to appoint a day for examining Captain Knox and Mr. Lulhington, oa 
 fome queftions which he is defirous of putting to them. 
 
 " Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 " After the perufal of the papers, which this morning I have the honour of laying be. ore 
 " you, may I further requeft that you will be pleafed to appoint a day on which Captain 
 *' Kno'x, Mr. Lulhington, and mylclf, may appear before you. 
 " I have the honour to be, with all refpeft, 
 " Gentlemen, 
 
 " Your moft obedient, and 
 " Calcutta " Moft humble fervant, 
 
 « oa. 4th 1762." " John Caillaud." 
 
 Day appointed for examining Colonel Caillaud's witnefles. 
 A<Treed we meet on Thurlday next, to examine any witneffes which Colonel Caillaud may 
 think proper to call in his defence. 
 
 Captain Knox and Mr. Lufliington fummoned to attend. 
 Ordered, therefore, that the fecretary do advife Colonel Caillaud thereof, and fummon 
 the attendance of Captain Knox and Mr. Lufliington. 
 
 P. Amyatt, 
 W. M'Gwire, 
 W. Hay, 
 H. Watts. 
 
 Fort William, the 7th Oft. 1762. 
 Thurfday. At a Confultation ; Prefent, 
 
 The worfhipful Peter Amyatt, Efquire, Prefident. 
 
 William M'Gwire, Efquire, 
 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, 
 
 William Hay, Efquire, 
 
 Hugh Watts, Efquire, 
 
 The Governor indifpoled. 
 
 The proceedings of the 4th inftant, on this fubjeft, being wrote fair, were now read, ap- 
 proved, and figned. 
 
 Board met to examine Captain Knox and Mr. Lufliington, on behalf of Colonel Caillaud. 
 The Board being met to examine Captain Knox and Mr. Lufhington, on fuch queftions 
 as ColonelCaillaudmight be defirous of putting to them, thefe gentlemen were accordingly 
 called in. 
 
 Mr. Lufliington's Letter. L. R. No. 16. 
 
 Mr. Lufliington, previous to his examination, delivers the following letter, dated this day. 
 
 To the honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efq; Prefident and Governor, &c. Council. 
 
 " Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 " When my depoiition was firft taken, I had theftrongeft conviftion within my own mind, 
 " that either Mr. Haftings or Captain Knox firft interpreted between the Nabob and Colo- 
 " ncl Caillaud, in the affair relative to the three feals, and in confequence of this convic- 
 *♦ tion depofed fo accordingly ; but from fome converfations I have lately had with the Co- 
 *' lonel and Captain Knox, 1 am fully convinced that Mr. Haftings was not prefent, and 
 " that there were only Captain Knox and myfelf with the Colonel ; and as Captain Knox 
 *' could not be fufficient mafter enough of the language to manage fuch a converfation, of 
 " courfe there is the greateft probability that it muft have been I alone who interpreted upon 
 " the occafion, and confequenily that I opened the difcourfe ; though I cannot even yet re- 
 " colleft this laft circumftance, and indeed it is no wonder, confidering the length of time 
 " fince the affair, that many particulars fliould have flipped my memory. 
 
 " I am, with great refpeft, 
 
 " Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 " Your moft obedient, 
 
 " Humble Servant, 
 
 " Henry Lufhington." 
 
 Captain Knox and Mr. Lufhington fworn. 
 Captain Knox and Mr. Lufliington being duly fworn to anfwer to the truth of all fucli 
 queftions as might be put to them by Colonel Caillaud, or the Board; 
 
 Queftions
 
 Anf. I pcrfeflly well remember this 
 cumftance. 
 
 cir- 
 
 C 139 ] 
 
 fQueftions by Colonel Caillaud to Captain Knox, with his anfwers,] 
 Colonel Caillaud prefented the following paper of qucftions to be put to Captain Knox to 
 which, upontheir being tendered him, returned the following anfwers. 
 
 Depofition, No. 7. 
 Colonel Caillaud's Queftions to Captain Captain Knox's Anfwers. 
 
 Knox. 
 
 From your firft depofition, Sir, taken at 
 Shawpoor, you remember being with me tint 
 evening, on the I5tli April 1760, at the N:i- 
 bob's, when I fealed a paper in conjunftion 
 with him and his fon, relative to the Sha 
 Zadda. You have alfo remembered, that 
 the reafon of your being with me at that 
 time was, to be introduced to the Nabobs, 
 in order 10 take your leave, as you were then 
 under orders to march with a detacliment to 
 Patna. 
 
 ift. Qi^ieft. Can you remember, or rccol- 
 !cft, if Mr. Haftings was there the whole or 
 any part of the time that evening ? 
 
 2d. Have you any remembrance, or did 
 it ever come to your knowledge, either by 
 report or from my own information, that 
 Mr. Holwell was then carrying on a corref- 
 pondence with the prince ? 
 
 3d. Can you recolleft from any part of the 
 Nabob's converfation, or from any other cir- 
 cumftances, any appearance of diftiefs at that 
 time in his fituation } 
 
 4th. Do you remember any obje<?lion, 
 made by you, at that time, to the meafures 
 or any expreflion of diflikc at it. If you do 
 be pleafed to relate and explain them ? 
 
 5th. Do you remember or recolleft what 
 rcalons I made ufc of on the occafion, to Sa- 
 tisfy myfe'f and you that I was afting proper- 
 ly ; and can you recollcft that I explained to 
 you the ntctlTuy I was under to give my 
 feeming concurrence in this aiFair ? 
 
 6th. You can remember, and recolleft, as 
 it appears in the courfe of your depofitions, 
 that I gave it as my firm opinion and belief 
 that the letter was a forgery, and the whole 
 tranlaftion a contrivance of the Nabob's, in 
 order to found our dil'pofitions towards him. 
 
 7th. Can you remember or .recolleft, a- 
 mongft the ohjeftions ftarted againft the pro- 
 bability of the fchemc, that the fmallnefs of 
 
 'ft th 
 
 em ; 
 
 the fum to lie _ 
 
 8ih. Can you remember or recolleft mak- 
 ing any more objeftions after I had given you 
 my reafons ? 
 
 9th. Can you recolleft or remember that in 
 a laughing manner I made ufe of the follow- 
 ing words, or fome to the i'ame purpofe, 
 " That I wifhed your head was as fafc as the 
 " prince's from danger," alluding to the fer- 
 vice you were ihen going to be employed on? 
 
 loth. Can you remember or rccolleft that 
 I was very particular in my enquiries in what 
 manner this meafure was to be carried into 
 execution, by wliat means and how ? 
 
 nth. Can you rccoilcft whether any fiitis- 
 faftory anfwers were given by the Nabob to 
 thofc qucftions, 
 
 I2th. 
 
 Anf. i am pofitive Mr. Haftings was not 
 
 there any par: of the time. 
 
 Anf. Yes, I remember it from your own 
 information, and Mr. HoUvcU likcwife in- 
 foriiicd me, that he had received letters from 
 the prince and Camjar Cam, wlien I was in 
 Calcutta, a few day^ before this affair hap- 
 pened. 
 
 Anf. No, I can't recolleft any appearance 
 of diftrefs from the Nabob's converfation that 
 evening; but his diftrefled fituation was well 
 known to the whole army, on account of the 
 difcontentedneis of his troops, and the bad 
 fituation of his affairs at that time. 
 
 Anf. If I made any objeftion, it was by 
 faying, " That it was a pity fo fine a young 
 " fellow fhould fall in that manner," or 
 words to that purpofe. 
 
 Anf. In the firft depofition I have before 
 given in this affair, I have declared that you 
 did give reafons, and what thefe reafons were 
 which I perfectly remember. 
 
 Anf. I remember your being of opinion 
 that the letter was a forgery ; and I remem- 
 ber alfo your mentioning it feveral times that 
 evening, that you abfolutelj believed it to be 
 a forgery. 
 
 Anf. I remember that the finallnefs, of the 
 fum for putting fuch an affair in execution 
 was mentioned as a reafon againft the proba- 
 bility of it. 
 
 Anf. To the beft of my remembrance I 
 made none. 
 
 Anf. I have fome faint remembrance 
 you made ufe of fuch an expreifion. 
 
 that 
 
 Anf. I remember that you made fuch en- 
 quiries. 
 
 Anf. No. — I cannot rccoUeft the Nabob's 
 anfwers to thofc queftions. 
 
 Anf.
 
 C 140 ] 
 
 ialli. Can you recollcft or remember if at 
 khat time, or on any other occafion in which 
 I might make mention of the Shah Zadda in 
 dilcourfe, in what manner and in what terms 
 I was ufed to cxprcls my fentiments on his 
 account ? 
 
 13th. From your long acquaintance and 
 knowledge of me, do you think or believe, 
 Sir, that if the mcafure had appeared to me 
 at that time fuch as could probably or poflibly 
 lake place, that I would have confented to 
 it? 
 
 Queftions by Colonel Caillaud to Mr. Lufhington, with his anfwers. 
 Captain Knox having made anfwers to the feveral Queftions tendered him; Colonel Caillaud 
 
 then prefented a paper of Queflions to be put to Mr. Lufhington, who returned thereto 
 
 tlie following anfwers. 
 
 Dcpofition, No. 8. 
 
 Anf. I have often heard you pity t!ie 
 Shah's fituation, and that you was forry cir- 
 cumflances obliged you to aft againft him. 
 
 Anf. In the courfe »f my acquaintance 
 with you, Sir, I never pre fumed to form a 
 thought fo much to your difadvantage. 
 
 Colonel Caillaud's Queftions to Mr. Lufli- 
 ington. 
 
 I ft. Qucft. As it appears by your iftdepofi- 
 tion, given at Patna, that only mention is 
 made in it of cutting off the Sha Zadda, pray 
 can you remember or recoUeft, Sir, that the 
 putting of him in the Nabob's power was the 
 firft point ; the other only an alternative in 
 cafe the firft could not be efFeded. 
 
 ad. Can you remember or recollefl to have 
 ever heard any thing upon fuch a fubjeft be- 
 fore ? 
 
 3d. Can you recoUcft or remember that 
 evening of the 15th April 1760, when we 
 went together to the Nabob, that fome fpacc 
 of time after wc had been with him, that the 
 Patna Jamidars, and all other attendants, 
 were ordered to withdraw, and that we were 
 afterwards in private with the Nabob and his 
 fon, and 2 or 3 more black people. 
 
 4th. Can you recolleft or remember Cap- 
 tain Knox being with us the whole time ? 
 
 5th. Do you remember or recolleft a man 
 by name Chuckiman, attendant on the old 
 Nabob ? 
 
 6th. What was the man's ofSce about the 
 Nabob. 
 
 7th. Can you remember or recollefl what 
 opinion we entertained of that man's charac- 
 ter in general i 
 
 Mr. Lufliington's Anfwers. 
 
 8th. Do you remember or rccolleft the 
 above mentioned perfon being prefent the 
 whole, or any part of the time during that 
 tranfaftion ? 
 
 9th. Can you remember or recolle£l that 
 you made any objeftions, or exprefTed any 
 diflike to the meafurc which I was then pur- 
 fuing in concurrence with the Nabob and his 
 fon? 
 
 10th. Have you any recoUeQion or re- 
 memlyance of the fituation of t>ur affairs at 
 
 that 
 
 Anf. Yes. Upon recolleftion I do remem- 
 ber that the circumftance of putting him into 
 the Nabob's power was mentioned. 
 
 Anf. No ; to the beft of my remembrance 
 I never did. 
 
 Anf. I remember that evening I was fome 
 time employed with the Chuta Nabob, to 
 perfuade the Patna Jumidars to attend Cap- 
 tain Knox, which circumftance I have men- 
 tioned in my firft depofi:ion. I am certain 
 that the Patna Jamidars were not there 
 at the time of fealing the paper, nor any 
 more perfons than what I have mentioned in 
 my faid depofition. 
 
 Anf, To the beft of my remembrance he 
 was there the whole time. 
 
 Anf. Yes; I very well remember that 
 man. 
 
 Anf. He was in the ftation of head Hir- 
 carrah, which implies the perfon who has un- 
 der his charge all the Hircarrahs, Spies, Sec. 
 and through whom their intelligence pafles to 
 the Nabob. 
 
 Anf. I remember that we always entertain- 
 ed a very bad opinion of him, though he vi'as 
 employed on both fides ; that is, to convey 
 intelligence from the Nabob to the prince's 
 camp, and bring back intelligence from thence 
 to the Nabob's ; we alfo thought he had 
 much the ear of the old Nabob, and by his 
 evil councils much hurted the affairs of the 
 fircar. 
 
 Anf. I remember feeing him the firft of the 
 evening, and, 1 think, he was there when 
 the feal was put to the paper. Indeed, from 
 the nature of his office, it is moft likely he 
 was there. 
 
 Anf. No. — I cannot fay that I did. 
 
 Anf. I remember our affairs were in a very 
 defparatc fituation at that juncture ; many 
 
 inftancet
 
 [ HI 3 
 
 that time, if you have, and as you have pc- 
 rufeJ my apology — Do you think I have 
 ftatcd them with truth ? 
 
 nth. Have you any knowledge, or can 
 you remember or recolleft, that Mr. Hohvell 
 was then carrying on a private correfpondence 
 (meaning a corrclpondencft without the Na- 
 bob's knowledge) with the prince ? 
 
 I2th. Do you remember or rccoIlc£V my 
 often exprcfling, at that time, my diilikc of 
 Mr. Holvvell's way of afting in general to- 
 wards the Nabob : in particular, my uneafi- 
 nefs on account of tlie above .iientioncd cor- 
 refpondcncc, as likewLlc his behaviour in re- 
 gard to Roydoolub and Nundcomar ? 
 
 13th. In the courie of fuch converfation as 
 we may have had together about the prince, 
 can you icmcmber or lecoUeft the manner in 
 which I ufcd to expreis my feritiraents of 
 him ? 
 
 To clear up a paffage in a letter of Mr.' 
 Holwell's, dated the ift April 1760, an ex- 
 traft of wliicli has been laid before the board, 
 and in which he fays, " The Phirmaund, 1 
 *' fuppolc, differs little in niatter froi^i that 
 *' he fent you ;" but as I have no recoillec- 
 tion or remembrance of receiving any fuch 
 phirmaund from the prince, nor no fuch 
 tranfa£lion appears in the courfe of my evi- 
 dence, 
 
 14th. I defire to know, Sir, if you can 
 remember or recolleft my having evel- receiv- 
 ed from the prince a paper of fuch a nature, 
 or of any fort indeed but one phirmaund, 
 which 1 received the day before the battle of 
 Cercey. 
 
 15th. As it appears from your depofition. 
 Sir, taken at Patna, that you then could re- 
 colleft but very few circumftances of the 
 tranfaflion on that evening — Could you, dc 
 you think, now charge your memory with 
 any further circumflanccs relative to that af- 
 fair, elpccially fmce you have fecn my apo- 
 logy, and from our converfation together 
 with Captain Knox ? 
 
 16th. Do you think, tho' you cannot af- 
 fert if from rcroUcftion, that all which Cap- 
 tain Knox and I have advanced in our ac- 
 count of the aliair is the truth ? 
 
 inftanccs I can give if it is thought neceflary 
 that I fhould ; and I really believe that what 
 you have ftatcd, as to the then fituation of 
 affairs in your letter to the board, arc fafts. 
 
 AnI. Yes, I do remetnber it very well 
 and you often exprclfed your dillike at it* 
 and apprehcnfioris that it would give the Na- 
 bob much uneafincfs, as he undoubtedly 
 would get intelligence of it ; and I have fur- 
 ther a faint idea of a perfon's telling me that 
 the Nabob knew of it, which I mentioned to 
 you, but the perfon's name I cannot really re- 
 member. 
 
 Ani. I well remember your often expref- 
 fmg your diflike of Mr. Holwell's proceed'ngs 
 with regard to the Nabob ; and many a time 
 have we held convcrfations on that (ubjeft, 
 how prejudicial it was to the Company's af- 
 fairs that thefe two men couU not agree. 
 
 Anf. Whenever you rhentioned the prince 
 you Ipoke of him with the higheft refpeft, 
 greatly pitied his misfortunes, and fald you 
 fhould be much happier if you were going to 
 affift him in mounting the throne of Delhi, 
 than you was then in oppofmg him. 
 
 Anf. I do not remember your having re- 
 ceived but one phirmaund, and that was at 
 the time you fpecify iatlie queftlon, brought 
 to our camp by two Moguls, and of whicli 
 you immediately advifed the Cliutaii Nabob. 
 
 Anf. Tlie nature of my office of interpre- 
 ter was luch, that I could not give much at- 
 tention to the converfation that might pafs 
 between Captain Knox and you ; yet fince 
 you have rcfrcflied my memory with regard 
 to ibme circumftances which I could not re- 
 collcft at the time of giving my firft depofi- 
 tion, two of which I ihall mention ; namely, 
 your imagining that the letter was a forgery, 
 and that you believed the Nabob wanted to 
 try how lincere you were in your fricndfliip 
 for him, and what lengths you would go to 
 fcrve him. 
 
 Anf. I have already faid that the nature of 
 my office was fuch as not to admit of my 
 hearing the whole of the converfation ; but I 
 believe Captain Knox and you to be men of 
 fuch honour that you would advance nothing 
 but the truth. 
 
 Q^ieftions by Colonel Caillaud to Mr. Haftings, and his Anfwers. 
 Colonel Caillaud being defirous of putting a few Qucftions to Mr. Haftings, he wis accord- 
 ingly fworn, and interrogated as follows. 
 Depofition, No. 9. 
 Qucftions by Colonel Caillaud to Mr. Mr. Haftings's Anfvvcrs. 
 Haftings. 
 
 ift. Queftion. As you were at that time, Anf. I was not, to the beft of my know- 
 Sir, in the field, and in quality of rciident to ledge, and I think it could not. h.Tve c'^laped 
 
 the N 
 
 rtiv
 
 i H^ i 
 
 tlie old Nabob, can you remember whether 
 you were prefent or not that evening ? 
 
 2d. You have peruled my apology, Sir, 
 and at that time, from your ftation with the 
 old Nabob, you muft have been well ac- 
 quainted with the lituation of affairs ; can 
 you recoUeft if what I have advanced in my 
 juftification on that fubjed is a juft and true 
 account ? 
 
 3d. Had you any knowledge at that time 
 of Mr. Holwell's correfpondlng with the 
 prince ? 
 
 4th. Can you remember or recolleft that 
 the Nabob ever mentioned the affair to you ; 
 if not, have you however rcafon to believe, 
 from any circumftances, that he nuift have 
 been informed of it ? 
 
 5th. Suppofing him then acquainted with 
 it, do you think, from your knowledge of the 
 nature and difpolition of the Nabob, whether 
 fuch an occurrence at that time muft not 
 have given him great caufe of jealoafy and 
 difcontent? 
 
 6th. Can you remember orrecoliei^l in any 
 of ourconverfations together, at or about that 
 time, my expreffing my dillike at Mr. Hol- 
 well's conduft in general towards the Nabob, 
 not only with regard to the correfpondence 
 which at that time he was carrying on with 
 the Prince, but alio for his behaviour with 
 regard to Rajah Doolubram, Rajahram, and 
 Nundcomar ? 
 
 7th. Do you remember a perfon about the 
 
 Nabob called Chucken, his emp!oyn;cnt, and 
 the general charafter which he bore r 
 
 my memory if I had been prefent at fuch a 
 tranfaftion. 
 
 Anf. I think it a very juft and true ac- 
 count with rel'peft to the Nabob's fears, the 
 clamours of his army for their large arrears, 
 and the diftreffed fituation of his affairs in 
 general at that time. 
 
 Anf. Not with the prince, that I remem- 
 ber, but with Canigar Cawn, which in effeft 
 was the fame, as he was his prime minifler. 
 I had from his own letters to me, on the 
 fubjeft of the Arzee, fuppofed to have been 
 wrote by the old Nabob to the prince. 
 
 Anf. I do not remember that the Nabob 
 mentioned any fuch thing to me ; that he 
 knew it, and mentioned it to me in confe- 
 quence, I think very probable, as I had 
 one, or if I miftake not, more than one con- 
 verfation with his Mouchey on the fubjeft of 
 the letter mentioned above ; and I do not 
 remember that he talked of it as a matter of 
 fecrefy, or that I enjoined him to conceal it. 
 
 Anf. It certainly w^oulJ. 
 
 Anf. I can very well remember your ex- 
 preffing a diflike at Mr. Holwell's corrcfpond- 
 ing with the Prince, as the Nabob might be 
 equally alarmed at fuch a ftep, as Mr. Hol- 
 well was with the Nabob's correfponding 
 with him : Such, I remember, was your opi- 
 nion in the affair; and I muft confels, my 
 own too, with refpeft to Roydulub, Rajah- 
 ram, and Nundcomar, both in the govern- 
 ment of Colonel Clive and Mr. Hohvell ; it 
 was always my opinion that the confidence 
 fliewn them, juftly gave caufe of fufpicion 
 and uneafinefs to the Nabob, and very pro- 
 bably might have been the fubjeft of our 
 converfation at that time, tho' at fo great a 
 diftance I cannot recoUeft. 
 
 Anf. I remember Chucken extremely well; 
 he was the chief of the Nabob's Hircarras, or 
 fpies, and at that time in great truft with 
 him. I had always the worft opinion of his 
 honefty, veracity, or, indeed, of his undcr- 
 ftanding. 
 
 Qucftions by Mr. Lufliington to Captain Knox, and his Anfwers. 
 Mr. Lufliington requcfiing that the three following qucftions might be put to Captain 
 Knox, they were tendered accordingly upon the oath he had already taken, and he gave in 
 his anfwers thereto as follows. 
 
 Depofition, No. 10. 
 
 Qucftions by Mr. Lufliington to Captain 
 Knox. 
 
 I ft. Are you pofitive. Sir, that I put the 
 Colonel's feal with my own hand to the 
 paper ? 
 
 zd. Do you remember or recolleft that I 
 gave the feal, by order of the Colonel, to the 
 Mounlhcy to affix it ? 
 
 3d- 
 
 Captain Knox'f Anfwers. 
 
 Anf. I am pofitive that you fent for the 
 feal, and received it with your own hand, but 
 I cannot be pofitive whether you put it with 
 your own iiand to the paper, or gave it to a 
 Mounflicy to put it, as you mention in your 
 depofition, that there were fuch people there. 
 
 Anf. I do not recolleft that particular, 
 but I think it is very probable you mght have 
 done fo. 
 
 Aaf.
 
 C m ] 
 
 3d. Do you not remember or recolleft that Anf. I remember that you retired into S 
 I was abl'ent that evening with the Ciiutah tent a lew paces diftant with the ijcrfons you 
 Nabob and Hahmed Klian Khorciha, RajaU meniion, but you was prclcnt the whole time 
 Dereje Narrain, and Rajah Fattee Sing, and that tliis affair was tranlafting, and you in- 
 that my buiincls was to penuade thcl'e three terprcted the whole affair between the' Nabob 
 perlons to attend you on your expedition to and the Colonel. 
 Patna. 
 
 Board to give their final opinion on Monday on the whole of this enquiry. 
 The Board taking into conlidcration the lubjeft of thel'c Ibvcral evidences, do not fee that 
 any more qucftions are neceffary to be put to the gentlemen ; and therefore 
 
 ilgrce to give their final opinion on Monday on the wliole matter of this enquiry. 
 
 P. Ainyatt. 
 W. M'Guire. 
 W. Hay. 
 H. Watts. 
 
 Fort William, the iilh O£tobcr 1762. 
 At a Confultation ; Prefent, 
 Monday. The honourable Henry Vanfittart, tfquire, Prefident, 
 
 Peter Amyatt, Efquire. William Hay, Efquirc. 
 
 William M'Guire, Efquire. Hugh Watts, Efquire. 
 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire. 
 
 The proceedings of the 7th inltant on this fubjeft bein^ wrote fair, were now read, ap-^ 
 proved, and figned. 
 
 Colonel Caillaud having dcfircd the opinion of the Board upon the reafins urged in his 
 defence or apology; after a mature confideration of the faid reafons, and of all circumftanccs. 
 It is unanimoully agreed and concluded. 
 
 That the reprefentation given in the faid defence of the flate of affairs of the country at 
 that time, (that is, about the month of .\pril 1760) is true and jufl. 
 
 That in fucli circumflances the Nabob's urgent account of his own diftrefles, the Colonel's 
 defire of making him ealy, as the firft; thing ncceffary for the good of the fervice, and the 
 fudJenncfs of the thing piopofed, might deprive him for a moment of his refleftion, and 
 furjirize him into an allcnt to a mcafure, which, as to the meafure itfelt, he could not ap- 
 prove. 
 
 That fuch only were the motives which did, or could, influence Colonel Caillaud to affent 
 to the Nabob's propofal, is fully proved by Captain Knox and Mr. Lulhington's dcpolition 
 of what palled at that time. 
 
 That we are fully convinced Colonel Caillaud had no other intereft or view in the affair 
 than what is mentioned in his apology : That his confcience at the time never reproached 
 him with a bad defign : And therefore, upon tlie whole, as we are fatisfied his intentions 
 were good, although he erred in the mcafure ; we think it fliould be judged of with candour, 
 and the proper allowances made for the difficult circumftancci he had to maaagc. 
 
 Colonel Caillaud wrote to in Confequence. 
 In confequence of the above opinion. Agree we clofc this enquiry with llie following letter 
 to Colonel Caillaud : 
 
 To John Caillaud, Efquire. 
 L. St. No. 12. 
 
 " S I R, 
 
 " We have received your letter of the 4th, accompanied wltli a memorial, containing a full 
 " narrative of the tranfaftion which the Company direftcd to be enquired into, together with 
 " the ftate of the Affairs of the country at that time; from whence you have fliewii the 
 " motives which occafioned your affcnting fo far as is there incntioned to that tranfac^ion. 
 " Havin::; taken the fame into confideration, togetlicr with the ani'wers of Captain Knox and 
 " Mr, Lulhington to the qucftions propofed to them, we annex hereunto a co])y of our re- 
 " folutlons thereupon; and as we are fully convinced that you had no ill intentions, fo wc 
 " hope the honourable Court of Direftors will in like manner judge of all the circumftanccs 
 " attending upon the mcafure with candour, and continue that favourable opinion toward-; 
 " you, which your long and zealous fcrviccs merit. 
 
 " With this, and all other good vvilhcs, we remain, 
 
 " Sir, 
 
 " \ our moft obedient, 
 
 " humble Icrvants." 
 Captain Knox and Mr. Lufliington to return to their ftations. 
 Ordered, The gcntknK n who have been called from their ftations to attend on this en- 
 quiry, do now return to them with all convenient expedition. 
 
 P. Amyatt. 
 W. M'Guire. 
 W. Hay. 
 H. Watts. 
 
 Oj)inioQ
 
 Opinion of the Court of Dh-e£lors, the ift of June 1763. 
 " Refolved, unanimoully, That this Court are of opinion, that Colonel John CaillauJ 
 " ftands honourably acquitted of any dclign or intention upon or againft the life of the Sha 
 " Zadda'.i ; it lufficientiy a[)pearing, that the motives for fufFering his feal to be inadvertently 
 " put to the agreement made by the then Nabob of Bengal, Jaffier Ally Khan, on the 15th 
 " of April 1760, for the payment of a fum of money for the fcizing or cutting off that 
 " Prince then in arms againft the provinces underthe adminiftration of the faid Nabob, pro- 
 " ceeded from the particular cirtumftances of affairs of that time, his zeal for the Company's 
 " fervice, the fuddcnnefs of the occafion, and a thorough conviftion that it was an artifice of 
 " the Nabob to try the fincerity of the Cbmpany's attachment to him, and that no ill con- 
 " fequence would follow therefrom to the Sha Zaddah." 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. II. 
 
 Extraft of General Letter to the Court of Dircftors, 29th of December 1759. 
 
 Paragraph 147. Having fully fpoken to every branch of your afFalrs at this prefidcncy un- 
 der their eftablillied heads, we cannot, confiftent with the real anxiety we feel for the future 
 welfare of that rcfpeflablc body, for whom you and we are in truft, dole this addrefs with- 
 out expoftulating with freedom on the unprovoked and general afperity of your letter per 
 Prince Henry Packet. Our I'cntimcnts on this head will, we doubt not, acquire additional 
 weight from the confideration of their being fubfcribed by a majority of your Council, who 
 are at this very period quitting your fervice, and confequently independent and difinterefted. 
 Permit us to fay, That the diftion of your letter is moft unworthy yourfelves and us, in 
 whatever relation confulered, either as matters to fervants, or gentlemen to gentlemen. — Meer 
 inadvertencies and cafual neglefts, arifing from an unavoidable and moft complicated confu- 
 fion in the ftate of your affairs, have been treated in fuch language and fentiments, as no- 
 thing but the moft glaring and premeditated frauds could warrant. — Groundlef« informations 
 have, without further Icrutiny, bore with you the ftamp of truth, though proceeding from 
 thofe who had therein obvioully their own purpofc to ferve, no matter at whofe expence. 
 Thefe have received from you I'uch countenance and encouragement, as muft moft afTuredly 
 tend to cool the warmcft zeal of your fervants here and every where elle, as they will appear 
 to have been only the fource of general relleftions thrown out at random againft your faithful 
 fervants of this piefidency, in various parts of your letter now before Us— Faithful to little 
 purpofe, if the breath of fcandal, joined to private pique, or private and perfonal attachments, 
 have power to blow away in one hour the merits of many years fervices, and deprive them 
 of that rank and thofe riling benefits, which are juftly a fpur to their integrity and applica- 
 tion. The little attention lliewnto thefe confiderations, in the indifcriminatc favours heaped 
 on fome individuals, and undeferved favours on others, will, we apprehend, leflcn that fpirit 
 of zeal fo very effential to the well-being of your affairs, and conl'equently in the end, if 
 continued, prove the deftrudlionof them. — Private views may, it is much to be feared, take 
 the lead here from examples at home ; and no gentleman hold your fervice longer, nor exert 
 themfelvcs further in it, than tlieir own exigencies require. This being the real prefent ftate 
 of your fervice, it becomes ftridly our duty to reprefent it in the ftrongeft .light, or we fhould 
 with little truth, and Icfs propriety, fubfcribe ourfelvcs , 
 
 M.iy it plcafe your Horiours, 
 
 Your moft faithful fervants, 
 
 Robert Clive. 
 Fort William, J- Z. Hohvell. 
 
 20 December i/Cg. William B. Sumner. 
 
 W. M'Guire. 
 
 Extraft of Company's General Letter to Bengal dated the 21ft January 1761. 
 
 Paragraph ift. ^Ve have taken under our ferious confideration, the general letter from our 
 late Prcfident and Council of Fort William, dated the 29th December 1759, and many 
 paragraphs therein containing grois infults upon, and indignities offered to, the Court of 
 Direftors ; tending to the fulwcrfion of our authority over our fervants, and a diflolution of 
 all order and Tood government in the Company's affairs: To put an immediate flop, there- 
 fore, to this evil, we do pofitively order and direft, that immediately upon the receipt of 
 this letter, all thofe perfons ftill remaining in the Company's fervice, who figned the faid let- 
 ter of the 29th December 1759; viz. IVIefiieurs John Zephaniah Hohvell, Charles Stafford, 
 Playdell, William Brightwell Sumner, and William M'Guire, be difmilfcd from the Com- 
 pany's Service ; and you are to take care that they be not jjermitted, on any confideration, 
 to continue in India, but that they arc to be fent to England by the firft fliips that return 
 home the fame fcafon you receive this letter, 
 
 APPENDIX.
 
 I02d Par. 
 
 C 145 ] 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 12. 
 
 Extract of Company's General Letter to Bengal, 19th February 1766. 
 
 'TpHE copy of a Letter from Mr. John Zcphaniah Holwell, dated in London, 
 the 13th April 17&3, addrelled to Mr. John Woliafton at Bengal, has been com- 
 municated to us, figtiifying he had appointed him his attorney there, for reccivino-, on his 
 arount, the remainin;: parr of a tecp or obligaiion Mr. Holwell has obtained from the Nabob 
 (ColFim Ally Khan) for two lacks of ficca rupees, whereof he had received before his de- 
 parture tiity thoufand, as a grateful acknowledgement for the friendfhip he had (hewn him 
 and cautioning Mr. Woliafton to ufe all his prudence and fecrecy in the faid tranfacStion ; as 
 v'cre alfo the fubjoined copies of a letter, from Mr. James Amyatt to Mr. Warren Haft[n<'s 
 (then in Bengal) dated tiic 2d of March, defiring to know what anfwer fhould be given to 
 Mr. Holwell, relative to the obligation above mentioned, which had been left in Mr. Haftings' 
 management, and of a letter figneJ W. H. fuppofcd to be from Mr. Haftings in reply 
 thereto, without date, fignifying that he had received a lack of rupees, and accounted with 
 hun for it — Copies of all which, in the manner they were laid before us, we now tranfmit 
 to you, for your further information in this affair. 
 
 Letter from J. Z. Holwell to Mr. John Woliafton, dated 13th April 1763. 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 On my attornies, Mcffieurs Sumner and Smith, leaving Bengal, they delivered over to 
 Meffieurs Haftings and Lyon, my fucceeding attornies, all my affairs (with a clear ftate- 
 mcnt thereof, amounting in the whole to 203486. 6. with all neceffary cxtrads from my 
 general inftructions) from whom I have not iince received any remittances, the Godolphin 
 not being yet imported Vv-ith us. — To guard againft the death or abfence at fubordinates of 
 Meflieurs Haftings and Lyon, I have thought it neceilary to appoint you my fucceeding 
 attorney in fuch cafe, and ciiclofe you powers tor that purpofc, which I requeft your ready 
 acceptance of, and ftiall write to thole Gentlemen accordingly. Another affair which will 
 call for all your prudence and fecrecy, it is needful I fhould impart to you : after I had 
 refigned the fervice, I had received from the Nabob a teep or obligation for two lacks (Icca, 
 as a grateful acknowledgement for the friendfliip I had fhcwn him. — I'iftv thoufand or there- 
 abouts was paid to me before my departure. — The particulars Sunker andXVefton can furnifh 
 you with. — The remaining balance and the teep I left to be recovered by Mr. Haftings, and 
 under his fole and fcparate management, but have not heard one fyllable on the fubjed fince 
 I left him. — If you can by any means acquire the knowledge of his having made me any 
 remittances on this account, 1 would not then have you fpeak to him about it, otherwife to 
 requeft he would let you know what you fhould write to me on the fubjc(ft. 
 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 Your affectionate friend, and 
 London, obedient fcrvant, 
 
 Norfolk Street, 13th April 1763. J. Z. Holwell, 
 
 To Mr. John Woliafton. 
 
 Letter from Mr. Amyatt to Mr. Haftings, and Mr. Haftings' anfwer thereto. 
 To Warren Haftings, Efq. 
 
 Sir, 
 The Packet being to be clofed to-morrow, I fliall be glad to know what anfwer muft be 
 given to Mr. Holwell concerning thj teep or obligation that was given him by Coflim AUi 
 Cawn, and was left by him under ) our management. The particulars I mentioned to you 
 fome time ago. 1 am, Sir, 
 
 2d March. Your moft obedient fcrvant, 
 
 Ja. Amyatt, 
 
 Mr. Haftings's Anfwer to Mr. James Amyatt's Letter. 
 
 Sir, 
 That I have received a lack of rupees, and accounted with him for it, which it is probable 
 he knows already. I am 
 
 Your moft humble fcrvant, 
 
 W. H. 
 Fort William, the 12th January 1761. 
 Monday. 
 
 At a Confultation ; Prefent, 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittait, Efquirc, Prcfident. 
 Peter Amyatt, Efquirc. 
 I>icutcnarit Colonel John Caillaud. 
 William Ellis, Efquirc. 
 
 O o William
 
 [ h6 ] 
 
 William B. Sumner, Efquire. 
 Harry Smyth, Efquire. 
 Samuel Waller, Efquire. 
 Culling Smith, Efquire. 
 
 The Governor's Minute. 
 The Governor lays before the Board a letter from the Nabob, received laft night, with an 
 order on the phouzedar of Hugley, for 25,000 rupees therein mentioned, to be fent as a 
 prcfent of con!;ratulation from the Nabob to the Cjovernor, on the occafion of the late birth 
 of his fon. — Mr. Vanfittart declares himfelf equally fenfible of the Nabob's compliment ; 
 but as he rejedled for himlelf, and the other Gentlemen of the Committee, all former pro- 
 pofals of private emolument, and has not to this time received a fingle rupee from him ; fo 
 neither will he, while there is a difficulty remaining with refpedl either to the Company's 
 balance, or the arrears due to his own troops. — He defires th-refore, that the faid turn of 
 25,000 Rs may be received into the Company's treafury, in further part payment of the 
 outftanding balance, and he will fend up the Nabob's order to the fouzdar of Hughley, for 
 payment of that fum. 
 
 Fort William, 8th January 1761. 
 Thurfday. 
 
 At a Confiiltation ; Prefent, 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, pJ'quire, Prefident. 
 Peter Amyatt, Efquire. 
 William Ellis, Efquire. 
 William Brightwell Sumner, Efquire. 
 Harry Smyth, Efquire. 
 Culling Smith, Efquire, 
 • Mr. Amyatt's minute concerning the revolution. 
 
 Mr. Amyatt takes this opportunity to obferv*-, that he is of opinion, the reafons given for 
 depofing of Jaffier Aly Chan (for he can look upon it in no other light) arc far f;om being 
 fufficient to convift him of breach of faith; confequently in theeyes of the Wf^rld, the whole 
 odium of fuch a proceeding muft retort upon ourfelvcs. Tne cruelties of which he is accufcd, 
 muft to a civilized government appear (hocking; but in defpoti: ones, there are none entirely 
 free from inftances of this kind, as their own fears and jealouftes are ever prompting them to 
 fuch unwarrantable a£lions; and it is well known, that the prefent Nabob has alrealy fal!en into 
 the fame feverities, as likewife, that he has fliewn marks of favour to thofe minifters, who, we 
 are told, " faw with an evil eyethe influence of the Company, and readily fnatchedat any oc- 
 " cafion to reduce it." Mcerjaffier's being confirmed by the Court atDeihy in the fubahfhip, 
 •was a very valuable confideration, which ought not to have b< en overlooked, becaufe, whenever 
 that diftradted ftate is reftored to peace and tranquillity, he being legally in polFellion of the 
 government, would of courfe be confirmed by the retgning king, without hefitation ; 
 whereas the obtaining fo great a favour for Coflim Aly Khan muft be attended with both 
 difficulty and expence. The treaty fubfifting between us and Coffim Aly Chan, plainly 
 fhews, that his fole aim, at the time of entering into it, vv.'.s the fubahdarry of Ben::!;al, 
 otherwife how ridiculous was it for him to make a promife of ceding certain countries to the 
 Company, which his poft of Duan could never have given him the power of executing ! 
 The great advantages expefled to accrue from thefe countries, it is feared, will prove merely 
 imaginary, as it is now near three months fince their revolution was effected; and yet fj far 
 from any appearance of extricating ourfelves from the difficulties, as expected, we are in- 
 volved in frefli troubles every day, which will not appear ftrange when we call our eyes 
 upon the perfon we have raifed to the mufnud, whofe chara£ter was never confpicuous in any 
 light till lately, and whofe treacherous behaviour to his father-in-law leaves us very little hope 
 of his attachment to our intereft; nor indeed can it be expected, that he will place any con- 
 fidence in us, who have affifted to dethrone a man we were bound to fupport by the moft 
 folemn ties, divine and human ; fuch a breach of faith muft neceftarily occifion the lofs of 
 our influence in this country, and bereave us of that fuperiority which our fteady adherence 
 to our promife ever gave us over thefe people. For the above reafons Mr. Amyatt diilents 
 to the whole tranfa£tion, and further declares. That he never was confulted nor advifed 
 with concerning it, nor did he know that it was even intended, till public report had informed 
 him of its execution. 
 
 Mr. Ellis's Minute. 
 Mr. Ellis's fentiments with regard to the revolution, agree entirely with Mr. Amyatt's, and 
 he diflents to it for the fame reafons. 
 
 Mr. Smyth's Minute. 
 Mr. Smyth is of the fame opinion likewife as Mr. Amyatt, as he has once already inti- 
 mated to the Board. 
 
 Letter to the Honourable the Secret Committee, dated i ith March 1762. 
 To the Honourable the Secret Committee for Aff"airs of the Honourable United Company of 
 Merchants of England trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 Honourable Sirs,— i. It gives us the greateft concern to be obliged to addrefs you in the 
 ^niier we arc now under the neceflity of doing; but as we have publicly declared our diftent 
 
 from
 
 [ H7 ] 
 
 from the laft revolution in the kingdom of Bengal, and exprefled our entire difapprobation of 
 the meafures pu; fued confecui nr tlicreto ; it is our duty to acquaint you with our reafons for 
 having ditFcred in opinion from the Gentlemen who were acceiT ry to that revolution, left 
 ll-minded people Ihould reprelcntour oppoiition as a faftion, inftead of owint^ its rife as it 
 really does, to our ftiicl regard to what we think conducive to the honour of our country 
 and the intcrcfts of our employer?. Had the whole Board been confulted, we dare aflert this 
 oieafure would have been rejected by the majority ; and we humbly refer to you, whether the 
 opinion of every member thereof ought not to have been taken by the Preildent, before he 
 ventured upon fo bold a ftep as tlie lubverfion of a government. 
 
 2. You wcie informed laft year, of tae furprifing revolution in favour of Mir Mahammed 
 Cofllm A!y Chan, which would necetl'arily be rcprelented in the mod favourable light, by 
 the Gentlemen who promoted it. But whatever judgment you may have been led to enter- 
 tain of the meafure from their account of it, we cannot but think you will judge as ill of it 
 as we do, when you are truly informed of the circumftances with wfiich it was attended, the 
 manner in which it was executed, and the fteps that have been fmce taken to fupport it j of 
 thele we will give you as fuccindl an account as poffible. 
 
 3. At a time when there was not tfie leart appearance of a rupture or difguft between us 
 anel the Nabob JafBcr Aly Cawn, on the contrary, a fricndfhip and harmony fubfifted, Mir 
 ColTini Chan, his fon-in-law, came down to Calcutta on fome pretence or other to vifit Mr. 
 Vanlittart; and having ftaid a fhort time, he returned to Moorflicdabad. A few days after 
 Mir Coffim's departure, Mr. Vaiifittart went up to Moorfhedabad on the pretence of a vifit 
 to the Nabob; Colonel Caillaud, with a party of two hundred Europeans, and fome Sepoys, 
 attended him, who, to remove the fufpicion which fuch a force would have neceflarily occa- 
 fioncd, it wa-. pretended were going up to Patna to reinforce the army there. When Mr, 
 VaiiTttart arrived at Moradbaug, the Nabob paid himtwovifits, at the lad of which Mr. 
 Vanfittart, without any previous notice of his intentions, gave him the three letters mentioned 
 in Coniultation of the loth November 1760, of which copies have been tranfmitted you. 
 The abruptnefs with which thefe letters were pref'ented him, one clofe upon the other, and 
 the unexpected propofals contair.ed in them, terrified the Nabob, and he was entirely at a 
 lofs how naet, but dcfircd time to conf'sder on what was to be done. Mr. Vanfittart feeing 
 his perplexity, fliongly iiififted on his immediately naming fome perfon from amono- his 
 relations t.) take charge of the fiibahfhip, and very particularly recommended Coflim Aly Chan, 
 who was fent for, and thcNabob was dclircd to ftay till became; butCofliin ^lyChan delayed 
 fo long, and the Nabob was in fuch anxiety of mind, and fo defirous to be releafed from the 
 vifit, being greatly fa*-igued, that Mr. Vanfittart was obliged, in order to fave appearances, to 
 fuffer his departure to the palace, alter having detained him much longer than his inclination : 
 that night and the day following p ifled in concerting meafures with Coflim Aly Chan, how to 
 put in execution the plan before agreed on in Calcutta; a treatyhaving been figned for thispur- 
 po;e in Septc-mber 1760, while Collim Alv Chan was down here : in confequence of thefe deli- 
 berations, our tro.'psclandeftinely croil'ed the river the next night, under Colonel Caillaud, and 
 being joined by Coffim Aly Chan and his party, furrounded the Nabob's palace: a letter from 
 Mr. Vanfittart was tent in to the Nabob, demanding his immediate compliance with what 
 had been propoled to him ; to which the Nabob returned for anfwei', " That fuch ufage 
 " was what he never expected from the Englifh ; that whilft a force was at his gates he would 
 " enter into no terms, and that it was his defire, our troops might be returned to Morad- 
 " baug." A mefiagc was then fan in, informing the Nabob, that if he did not directly 
 comply, they (hould be obliged to Itorm the palace. Aftonilhed and terrified by this menace, 
 he opened the gates, exclaiming, " That he was betrayed ; that the Englifh were guilty of 
 " perjury and breach of faith; that he perceived their defigns againft his government ; that 
 " he had friends enough to hazard at leaft one battle in his defence; but although no oaths 
 " were facred enough to bii'.d the Englifh, yet as he had fworn to be their faithful friend, he 
 •' would never fwerve from his engagement, and rather fuft'er death than draw his fword 
 " againft them." So fufpicious was he of being fold, that " he defired to know what fum 
 " of money CofTim Aly Chan was to give for the fubahfhip, and he would give half as 
 " as much more to be continued. He hoped however, if they intended to dethrone him, 
 " they would not leave him to the mer. y of his fon-in-law, from whom he feared the worft, 
 " but rather wifhcd they would carry him from the city, and give him a place of fafety in 
 •' Calcutta." This laft rcqueft of the Nabob's, the ciTet^t of his fear and defpair, was 
 immediately laid hold of, and conftrucd in the light of a voluntary rcfignation. Accordingly 
 our troops took poire/Tion of the palace, Mir Coffim Chan was raifed to the mufnud, and the 
 old Nabob was hurried into a boat, with a few of his women and necert'aries, and fent away 
 to Calcutta in a manner wholly unworthy of the high rank he had fo lately held, as is alfo the 
 fcanty fubfificnce allowed him heieby his fuccefior. 
 
 4. Thus was Jafhcr Aly Chan dcpofed, in breach of a treaty founded upon the moft 
 folemn oaths, and in violation of the national faith; a prince of whofe friendfliip and attach- 
 ment you have had many fignal proofs, in whofe caufe our arms have with much honour been 
 employed, and by a firm adherence to whom the Englifh had acquired, throughout the whole 
 country, fo univerfal a character of fidelity and conftancy, that the moft perfect confidence 
 was placed by the natives in them. 
 
 5. The advantages to be reaped by the Company from the revolution were the grant of the 
 
 zemydarjee
 
 [ 143 ] 
 
 Kcmydaries of Buidwan, Midnapoor, and Chittagong, the payment of the balance due 
 from Nabob Jaflicr Aly Chan, with a prefent of five iaack of rupees from Coffim Aly Chan, 
 towards defraving the expences of the war ajainft the French on the coaft of Choromandel ; 
 of thefe iVlr. V^miittart, on his return to Calcutta, acquainted the Board, and at the fame 
 time, in jullification of his proceedings, laid before them a memorial j copies whereof were 
 tranfmitted to you by the fhips of the la(t fcalon. 
 
 6. This memorial is introduced with a lift of crimes laid to Jatfier Aly Chan's charge, 
 which to thofe unacquainted with the caftern governments will appear deferving of the higheft 
 rel'entment from a civilized nation ; yet fuch is the ftate of politics in every Afiatic court, 
 that through the apprchenluins of the fovereign, and the intrigues and artifices of the great 
 men about him, inftances of cruelty and oppreffion are but too frequent ; and even the moft 
 beloved among them are too much to be taxed with committing, or at leaft conniving at, 
 aits of violence ; but it fiiould be confidercd that many of thele are done by perfons in power 
 without their knowledge, and that as there arc no regular punifhments for criminals of ftatlon, 
 and who may be fo powerful that it would be dantjerous proceeding openly againft them, 
 recourfe is often had to the dagger or poifon to puniih the guilty. This was the cafe in moft 
 of the inftances alledged againft jafEer Aly Chan, none of which fhew greater proofs of 
 cruelty than that which Coflim Aly Chan difcovered ; when being in podelfion of the palace, 
 he was delirous of making the firft act of his power the afTaflination of Jaffier Alv Chan 
 therein, and was very much difpleafeJ when he found we intended to give him protection at 
 Calcutta. Since his acceffion to the fubadarree, we could produce to you numberlefs in- 
 ftances of his extortions and cruelties, but that it would run us into an exorbitant length; 
 and he feems to have made the more immediate objects of his ill ulage, thofe who had been 
 the moft avowed friends of the Englilh. We fliall only particularize Ramnarain, whom he 
 difpoircilcd (){ the naibfliip of Patna, in which it was always thought lound policy m us to 
 fupporthim, on account of his approved faith; and he now keeps him in irons till he has 
 been fleeced to the utmoft, when there is no doubt he will be difpatched; roft, if not all 
 thofe, who efpoufed the Engliiii intereft, have been laid under the heavieft contributions, 
 and many have died under the force of the torture to exa£l money from them; others have 
 been either bafely murthered, or (which is a common practice amongft Gentoos) unable to 
 furvive the lofsof honour, have made away with theinfelves. 
 
 7. It is inlinuated in the memorial, that the Nabob'b avarice and cruelty had made him the 
 deteftation of all good men, and that he was in the hands of bad miniftcrs, under whofe mal- 
 adminiftration the country was greatly opprefled ; as an inftance whereof, the fcarcity of 
 grain at the city is produced. To thefe minifters are afcribed the great difficulties the Nabob 
 laboured under for want of money to anfwer the expences of the Government, and to p.ay the 
 army, rendered mutinous for want of their arrears ; befides which inteftine danger, the pro- 
 vinces were threatened an invafion by the Shahzadah with a powerful army, and feveral of 
 the rajahs and zemyndars were on the point of revolting : to encounter all which there was 
 nothing but a difafFecled army. Mr. Vanfutart appeals to every by-ftander for the truth of 
 thefe fatts, and of the imminent peril to whi^h the country was expofcd ; he declares his 
 intentions were only to remove the bad minifters ; for which purpofe he carried up with him 
 the party of Europeans and Sepoys : he proceeds tofet forth the manner in which the old Na- 
 bob was removed from the government, and Coffim Aly Chan raifed. He fays, people i;i 
 general were pleafed with the revolution, and makes a merit of its being effeiSted without the 
 leaft difturbance in the city, or a drop of blood fpilt. He concludes, with reprefenting the 
 anxiety the Nabob exprcli'ed to get from the city through fear of Coffim Aly Chan ; and ob- 
 serves, that he appeared pretty eafy and reconciled to the lofs of his power, which he owned 
 to be rather a burthen than a pleafure, and too much for his abilities to manage fince the 
 death of his fon ; and that the enjoyment of the reft of his days in fecurity, under the Englifh 
 protection, feemed to be the chief objecl: of his wifhes. 
 
 8. It is very natural for any perfon who takes an uncommon ftep, to endeavour to vindi- 
 cate himielf by the moft fpecious arguments and the moft plaulible reafoning he can devife, 
 and n.^thing Icfs could be expected from Mr. Vanfittart, after having brought about fo un- 
 precedented a revolution. He has told his ftory with all the aggravations the nature of it 
 Would admit; notwithftanding which, we do not imagine the realons he has given in lupport 
 of fo violent a meafure, will prove fatisfa(Slory to the world. He takes great pains to blacken 
 Mir Jaffier's character, in order to prejudice mens minds againft him, and lays great ftrefs 
 upon the fcarcity of grain in the city; but we apprehend Mr. Vanfutart does not judge fo 
 haifhly from that circumftance, after what he has himfelf experienced laftyeir; for, not- 
 withftanding all the care we are not to doubt he has taken, grain was never known fo fcarce 
 in Calcutta before, infomuch that numbers daily perifhed. 
 
 9. Want of money was the great difficulty the Nabob laboured under; but this did not 
 proceed from any fault of his, but from the diftraded ftate in which the country had been 
 ever fince Colonel Clive's departure, fo that a very fmall part of the revenues came into his 
 trealury ; the Burdwan and Nuddea countries were affigned over to the Company for the 
 payment of the Nabob's debt; Midnapoor, the frontier to the fouth-weft, was over-run by 
 the Morattas, Beerboon, and other zamyndarries, with the province of Purnea, under Kud- 
 dum IIuiTien Chan, were aftefted towards the Shahzadah, who had under contribution the 
 whale province of Bahar, except the city of Patna, and a fmall diftrid around it. Chitta-
 
 [ 149 1 
 
 gong, theeaftern barrier, did little more than defend hfcK againft tlie incnrrions cf the 
 Muggs, inhabitants of Arracan, who uftd every year to come into Bengal for plunder. 
 Tlicre remained only the Dacca province; the diltrifts round Morfhedabad ;°the Radihv and 
 Din;'.gepoor countries, to fupply the in.mcnfe expence of the v/ar ; and here lay the Nabob's 
 diftrefs, that with one fourth part, ifiomuch, of the accuftomcd revenues, he was obliged 
 to maintain an army greater than any Nabob did before him, and the En^lilh army was not 
 the Icaft confiderabie part of the burthen ; for trulling moft to them, he paid them firft 
 which preference wasthecaufe ofdilcontent to the country troops: and though the force we 
 had in the field agiinft an enemy whom Colonel Clive had but a very fliort time before drove 
 out of the country, far exceeded thofe the Colonel had with him, yet no material advantatje 
 was gained over them, but the country was over-run, and ravaged by them ; and by frequent 
 marches and countermarches, our own armies became as dcftructive as thofe of the invaders. 
 No wonder then at the perilous condition, to which Mir Jaffier was reduced, to extricate 
 him from which it behoved us to exert our utmoft abilities ; inftead whereof he was treated 
 with the greateft indignity hy us, and bafely turned out of his i>;overnment. 
 
 10. To remove bad counfellors from a prince is certainly meritorious, but it does not fecm 
 to us that any thing was ever dcfigned againll the Nabob's minift.rs; on the contrary that 
 the fole intention was to difplace the Nabob himfelf, is pretty evident, by the treaty before 
 mentioned made in Calcutta. Had there been the leaft attempt to convince him in a 
 friendly manner of any errors in his admmiftration, or of the ncceflity of difmiffing from his 
 prclence thofe who ill-advifed him, it is not to be doubted he would have hearkened to rca- 
 fon : that he was not obftinate againft good advice, may be concluded from the extraordinary 
 ji.flucnce whicii Colonel Clive had over him ; in proof whereof we need only call to mind 
 h.,w violently he was incenfed againft Rajah Ramnarain, and Roydulub; yet the Colonel, 
 by gentle methods, without having recourfe to any other force than that of perfuafion, per- 
 fectly reconciled him to the former, and obtained his permiflion for the latter to rcfide at 
 Calcutta, and bring thither with him his family and effedts. 
 
 11. The people in general, very far from being pleafed with the revolution (as alled<Tcd in 
 the memorial) were extremely diflatisfied thereat. Had Cofllm Aly Chan been before in 
 cflccm among them, or pofTcired any fhare of influence or power, they might perhaps have 
 overlooked the circumfLmce of his rife, andaferies of popular aftions might in time have 
 rcconcikd them to the ufurpation ; but he was defpifed and difliked before he came to the 
 muinud, and his behaviour fwicc, has been fo oppreflive and tyrannical, that it could not fail 
 conhrming the public hatred of him. 
 
 12. Tne little difturbance at Morfhedabad upon the occafion proceeded from the appre- 
 henfionsall degrees of people were under from fo large a force being brought into the city in 
 the dead of night; and Mir Jaffier, noway fufpicious of the faith of the Englilh, had taken 
 no precautions for his own (ecurity : fuch is the fuperiority of our arms, and fo great the 
 drcid if our forces in this country, that had we gone openly to work, we fliould have met 
 With little or no difiiculty, which renders our having proceeded by ftealth and treachery, the 
 more incxcufable ; and we are truly forry to have occafion to obferve, that the means by 
 wiiicli this meafure was brought about, have thrown an indelible ftain upon our national cha- 
 racter, and injured us as much in the opinion of the natives, as it has of all the European 
 colonies in this part of the world. 
 
 13. Itisafierted in the memorial, that Mir Jaffier was eafy under the lofs of his power, 
 whic h he is faid to have owned to have been rather a burthen to him ; but it is evident, on the 
 contrary, from his declarations fince, and his letters to the Company and Colonel Clive, that 
 he was very unwilling to part with his government, and that he greatly regrets the deprivation 
 of it. He wasneceflitated indeed to fubmit ; and in hopes of bc.ng redrefi'ed fome time or other 
 by the Compiny, judging that fuch a ftep could never be approved of at home, he very wifely 
 chofe, ratlierthantruft himlclf with his ion-in-law, to wait patiently for that redrefs in (afety 
 at Calcutta : fo far he might appear rcfigned to his fate; yet this can never be conftrued as 
 an abdication of his govcunncnt, though it has been induftrioufly endeavoured to make the 
 world look upon it in that light. 
 
 14. We have now, Honourable Sirs, laid before you a true account of the revolution. The 
 projetflors perhaps thought the advantages it was to bring the Company would be a fufficient 
 atonement for the mealurc, and infure them the approbation of their mafters. It is true the 
 Company have a confidcrable addition of territory, and do now receive a large yearly revenue; 
 but as great, if not greitcr, advantages might have been procured by more honourable 
 means; and the prefent tranquil ftate of the country, which fccures to the Company, as well 
 as the Nabob, the full cnJDymcnt of their revenues, is not the effedl: of Mir Coffim Chan's 
 nabobfliip, but of an event which would equally have happened had Jaffier Aly Chan been 
 continued ow themufnud, as can be cafily made to appear. 
 
 15. Soon after Coffim Aly Chan was fixed in thcnabobfhip, the Company were nominally 
 invefted with the zcmyndaries of Hurdwan, Midnapoor, and Chittagong, and only nomi- 
 nally, for our firft demands upon the two former of thcfe, for the payment of the revenues, 
 were rcfufcd. 
 
 16. So bad an impreffion of us did the revolution create in the minds of the country peo- 
 ple, that the Burdwan rajah, who, in Jaffier Aly Chan's time, had often exprelled his earneft 
 defire that the Company might continue to colled the revenues of his diftrict, as they had 
 
 ? p all
 
 [ 15° 1 
 
 all along done on account of the tunckaws, anJ thit they would procure the zemyndarric 
 for themielvcs from the Nabob ; yet after the breach of our faith to the old Nabob, conclu- 
 ding no reliance was to be placed on our engagements, he immediately flew otF from his former 
 dei larationf, and inflcad ot acquiefcing under our government, he began to aitt in open re- 
 bellion; he Hopped our trade, raifed a large force, invited the Morattas into his country, 
 withiield the payment of his revenues, and acting in conjundion with the 13ceibon rajah, he 
 efpoufed thecaufc of the Shahzadah, with whom he entered mto correfpondence, 
 
 17. btveral other zamyndars, who had remaii.ed quiet whiift Jaffier Aly Chan was Nabob, 
 now finding the government overfet, thought thtmfelves at liberty to withdraw their alle- 
 giance, and would m t acknowledge Mir Coflim, but joined the Shahzadah, whofe party 
 by thtle Irequent defeiElions was llrengthcned with fupplies, both of troops and money, and 
 whole followers were greatly encouraged by his having been able to maintain his ground, 
 and continue in our dominions, the whole preceding campaign, in defiance of the Englifli 
 army. 
 
 18. The Nabob's troops were rendered quite mutinous by the news of the revolution; 
 they declared they knew nothing of Coflim Aly Chan, and that now they had loft their old 
 maftcr, they were without hopes of being paid any part of the immenfe arrears due to them, 
 and nothing lefs than the extraordinary afliduity and influtne 1 f Mr. Amyatt, who was then 
 chief at Patna, could have prevented them from proceedmg to extremities. 
 
 19. In this fituation were things when Colonel Caillaua Icit Patna, and Major Ca nac re- 
 ceived the command of the army from him : the M..jor faw it was impollible for the c ■untry 
 to fupport itfeh againft fuch a combination of difficulties, and ti it if a decifive blow was not 
 foon ftru.k, the Shah could not fail to have immediate poflelfion of ail : he therefore deter- 
 mined to bring the Prmce to an adion as fpeedily as poflible ; and after fecuring Patna by a 
 garrifon, to prevent its being plundered by that rabble of troops wh 'fedut) it was to de- 
 fend it, lie pufhed on with t^e Englifli army as faftas he could to.va.d tncP.ince. He came 
 up with him three days march from the city, the confequence of which brou_hton an aiflioii, 
 wherein he gained a complete vi>5tory, and reduced the Sh.h in a few d.iys arerto the nccef- 
 fity of putting himlelf under the protedtion of the Englifli. The M:j<jr's luccefs, as it put 
 an end to the hopes of all the rebellious rajahs and zamyndars, fo it at once quelled all com- 
 motions, and eflabliflied the fo long wiflied for tranquillity in the country ; and the difft-rent 
 provinces were now brought intooider, and rendered in a condition to pay their refpeiSive 
 revenues; the Nabob's treafury was enriched, and he waj enabled to difcharge the arrears 
 of his army, and to advance the money he had engagt d to pay the Company. 
 
 20. Whatever merit there is then in the prelcnt tranquillity, is to be afciib d to our fuc- 
 cefs againfl: the Prince, which, by putting an end to the war in the country, reduced it to a 
 ftate ot perfect obedience ; and as all the old Nabob's difficulties proceeded from his domi- 
 nions being the feat of war, and the default of his revenues, on that account there is not the 
 leaft doubt, had our arms met with the fame fuccefs during his government, but that he 
 would have extricated himlelf with equal eafe. 
 
 21. After what has been fe: foith, we believe few will imagine that Mir J.ifKerwas depofcd 
 by reafon either of a want of ability to lule, or of his bad piinciples. We would willingly 
 indeed fuppofe that it proceeded rather from the want of a true knowledge of the country po- 
 licy, and from an error of judgement, than from lucrative views, had not Mr. Vanfittart, and 
 Others of the projcdfors, made no fecret that there was a prefent promifed them by Coffim Aly 
 Chan, of twenty laack : 'tis true they make a merit that this was not to be delivered till the 
 Company's debt was paid, and his army fatisfied. AVe have to obferve on tliis occafion, that 
 feveral of us have had offers from the Nabob of very confiderable fums to join in iiis meaf ires, 
 which we have conftantly made public, as well as refufed; and if we, who have always op- 
 pofed thole mcafures, have been thus tried with pecuniary temptations, what may be con- 
 cluded of ihofe gentlemen, who have fupported the Nabob on every occafion ? 
 
 22. If the Nabob had purchafed the power he is inverted with, it is to be expected he 
 will of courfe make the niofl of it, by extorting money from his fubjeifls, and oppreffing 
 every province as much as he can ; and as the fate of Jaffier Aly Chan niuft have convinced 
 him how little we regard the moft facred engagements, he will of neceffity endeavour to efta- 
 blifh himfclf on a foundation lefs precarious than the friendfhip of the Englifli. That he 
 already begins to do lb is evident from his ftill increafing the number of his troops (notwith- 
 flanding the prefent tranquillity) and to render them the more formidable, he is arming 
 and dilciplining as many fepoys as he can procure in the European manner ; and to fecure 
 himfclf as much as poflible from us, efteeming his capital, Morfhedabad, (the fcene of his 
 predeceflor's fall) too near our fettlements, he is about erecting a large fort at Rajahmaul, 
 which he propofesto make his place of refidence, where he hopes to be out of our reach. 
 
 23. When any member of the Board fuggells that the Nabob's behaviour argues a fufpi- 
 cion of us, for that if he really confided in, and fincerely regarded us, he would not put 
 himlelf to the unnecelTary expence of keeping fo large an army in pay, nor treat fo ill thofe 
 who are avowedly our friends ; it is replied, " l^he Nabob is mafter of his country, and 
 " being independent of us, is at liberty to rule and aft as he pleafes." But furelv Coflim Aly 
 Chan cannot be more fo than his predeceflbr was ; and if it be true that the Nabob of Ben- 
 gal is independent of the Englifh, and mafter of his own aftims, how can the Gentlemen 
 juftify their proceedings againfl Mir Jaffier, whom they called to fo fevere an account for the 
 
 adminiflration
 
 r 
 
 '51 
 
 adminiftration of hisow'n government as to depofe him, though he haJ not been guilty of 
 any offence to our nation, nor ever deviated from his tre.4t>- ? 
 
 24. Inftead ot checking the overjrrowing power of the prcfent Nabob, it is daily promoted; 
 and he has even theabfohiteconjmandof our army at Patna ; the chief there havinT directions 
 to let him have what number of our troops he pleafcs to demand, without bein" allowed to 
 judge of the nature of the fervice for wliich they are demanded. This you will obfcrve, Ho- 
 nourable Sirs, in the inftruflions given to Mr. Ellis, dated the 22d September laft, and in 
 
 the confultation of the f.im.- c!ay, where fomeof our opinions on that procedure arc entered. 
 
 We cannot help e,\prcffing how much we fear, thatan ill ufc will be made, by him, of this 
 power over our forces, and that they will, former or later, be employed for fuch purpofes, as 
 will render us more odious to the wi.olc country, bring greater difcredit upon our arms, and 
 reflcui farther diflionour upon our nation. 
 
 25. Notwithflanding this zealous attachment to Coflim Aly Chan, there can be no reafon 
 to hope he will aft the part of a faithful ally towards us : what dependancc can be had on a 
 perfon who fo readily entered into the fcheme of dcpofing, not only his lawful mafter, but his 
 patron, under whofe immediate care he was brought up; who fhewed fo much didoyalty to 
 his natural fovereign, the Kingof Hindoftan, as to evadj even acknowledging him, till he 
 was in a manner obliged to it by our repeated defires, and who betrays a continual diftruft of 
 thole who have appeared any way attached to us? 
 
 26. The Nabob's undutiful behaviour to the King, proceeded in great meafure from his 
 jea'oiify of the regard we profelVed for him, and his fears that wc ftiould reduce his authority, 
 by fub'.Lcling the fubahfhip to its primitive dependency on the Mogul, and obliging him to 
 pay the royal rc\-L'nucs: he therefore let every engine to work to create a rupture between us; 
 he emieavoured to make the King uniafv, and to infViil notions into him, of his being in 
 danger trom us, in order to get him out of the country; he excited a mutiny in the Kin-i's 
 camp, which, had it not b.-cn for the timely affifl-ance fent by Major Carnac, might have 
 proved fatal to his Majeftv ; he repeatedly urged A^r. Vanfittart to difmifs him, and foro-ed 
 letters to himfelf and the Prcfident, as from the King, complaining of being forcibly detained 
 by the Major, and exprcfling his anxiety in not being allowed to leave the country: that 
 thifc letters were forged, his Majelty hath folemnly declared by an atteftation under his own 
 hand, and teftificd his abhorrence of fo infamous a proceeding. The Nabob however at lalt fo 
 far prevailed, bv corruption, and intriguing with fome of the courtiers, as to bring; about 
 what he had fo much at heart; the King's being fent away without receiving any afliftance 
 from us, or being paid any part of the revenues of this fubahfhip. This rebellious behaviour 
 of the Nabob juiHy incenfed the King, who declared that he would not fufTer him to conti- 
 nue in his fubahfhip, whenever he had power fufficient to prevent it. 
 
 27. His Majefty, before his departure, gave the moft: unqvicffionable proof of his hatred to 
 Collim Aly Chan, and of his efteem for the Englifli, by the voluntary offer he made them of 
 the dewanny of Bengal. Tliis pofl; is the coUedfion of the revenues of all the provinces 
 fubjecS to the Nabob, which a^e to be accounted for with the court of Delhy. It differs 
 fruTi the fubadarrec ; the latter being the command of the troops, and the charge of the 
 jurifdi(R on in the provinces; the expences whereof are paid out of the revenues by the dewan. 
 It was formeily a feparate office, but the Nabobs of Bengal, taking advantage of tlie late 
 commotions in the empire, have alfumcd it to themfelves: from the nature of the office it is 
 evident "^hat the King, dilfrufting the Nabob, intended that we fhould be a check upon him, 
 and be anfwerable for the revenues, no account of which he could get from Coflim Aly Chan, 
 who detained them for his own ufe. This appointment would have brought the Company 
 about fi! teen laacks yearly, exclufive of the lands of Burdwan, Midnapoor, and Chittagong, 
 which his Majcffy alfo offered to confirm to them, and to cftablifh their intereft and influejice, 
 rot only in thele province.";, but as far as the city of Delhy itfclf; to which place our com- 
 merce nii};ht then, with the utn-.ofl fafety,have been extended. 
 
 28. It is hard to conceive, why fo honourable and advantageous an offer fhould be rcjefted : 
 it is alledged, it would be the fouicc of continual difputcs between us and the Nabob, and 
 oecahon too great a diminution of his power; but furely this conllderation, admitting it to 
 be true, ought not to ftand in competition with the honour and interefts of the Company, 
 which would be greatly promoted by fuch an appointment : what renders this rcfufal the 
 more extraordinary, is, that it is well known, application was nftide to the king, foon after 
 Mr. Vanfittart's arrival, in Jaffier Aly Chan's time, for the funads or grants of the province 
 of Bengal, which were aftually drawn out to be fent to us ; but the revolution, in favour of 
 Coffim Aly Chan, taking place in the interim, an entire (top was put to the negociation. 
 
 2g. The Nabob was fo inveterate againft all thofe natives, whf) were known to be in our 
 intcreft, that he ufed his utmolt endeavours to prevail on Colonel Coote and Major Carnac, 
 to content to his proceeding to the moft unjuftifiablc fcvcrities a2:ainft them, particularly 
 againfl Rajah Ramnarain; having offered the Colonel five laack of rupees, provided he 
 would concur in the deftrtiction of that unhappy man, who has fmcc been given up to him 
 by the Board ; the Colonel's rcfufal of this money, we arc well convinced, was the motive of 
 his (the Nabob's) unjuft f'ufpicion or rcfcntment againft him, which appears not only by the 
 Colonel's letters, on the face of the proceedings of the Board, but alfo by Coffim Aly Chan's 
 own declaration to him, that he could not be his friend unlefs he received his prefent. 
 
 30. The fame fpirit of rcfcntment which actuated the Nabob againft Colonel Cootc, was 
 
 equally
 
 C 15^ ] 
 
 equally ftron<»againi1 Major Carnac, whom he alfo endeavoured to buy over, to ferve his 
 ends but in vain. The Nabob faw, with a jealous eye, the many diftinguiihing marks of 
 favour the King conferred on him, and would tain have made a breach between them ; which 
 not bcin" able to effect, he wrote feveral letters of complaint againft him to the Prtfident, v.-ho, 
 from piejudice, was coo much inclined to believe them, and f)Ught .ill opportunities of bid- 
 mine his. conduft at the board, and of putting the word conllrudtion upon all his endeavour* 
 for the public fervicc, of which many inltaiices could be produced. 
 
 -21. A flagrant injuUice was done Major Carnac, in calling him away from Patnn, when 
 the decachmcnt Itill left there was large enough to render it a command adequate to his rank, 
 and where he miuht have been of lervice ; whereas his prefence was unneceflary at Calcutta, 
 as the Colonel was going down. 
 
 •J2. A very fi^nal infult, offered byCoflim AlyChan to theEnglifli nation, was the inter- 
 cepting by his Older, a letter whii-h Major Carnac, when commanding t'-.e urmy, had wrote 
 to the Kinf, which the Nabob opened, and fent to the Prtfidtnt. I his letttr, with others 
 from the Nabob, was minuted in confultation of the s'h Auguft, and it was infinuated to . 
 contain proof of a plot concerted between the Colonel, M.ijor Ramnarain, and '"hitabr.'y, to 
 create a fielh revolution. Much pains were taken to find out myiterious meanings in the let- 
 ter and ninis were thrown out to prepoliefs the Board, tuat fuch a combination was aciually 
 on foot ; however, afier the clofeft fcrutiny into the letter, and the ffricteft examination of 
 Shitabray, who was calKd down from Patna for that purpofe, the Board gave it un.ir.imoufly 
 as their cpmion, that there were not the leaft grounds to (uppofe any fuch combination ; the 
 ridicule whereof was fo confpicuous, that we do not miagine even thofe, who (o ferioufly pro- 
 jnotcd the inquiry, couid ever have believed it. 
 
 3-2. The material part of this letter related to an application which the Major (by C-^lonel 
 Cocte's directions) made to the King, to be put in poffeff.on of fome tort in Shujah Dowia's 
 country, upon the Ganges ; which, had our troops attended his majefty, as wc mull: have 
 mar. hed through Shujah Dowia's territories, would have been abfolutely neceffary for a 
 place of arms, and to keep up our communi;ation : the flopping fuch a letter, or indeed any 
 one, from a perfo.- in fo public a character as the Major then was, might be of the moil fatal 
 cOiifcquence, was alfo a public affront, and one that never was before offered by any Nabob ; 
 yet no fatisfadion has ever been obtained from him, although wrote to fo publicly on that 
 head. 
 
 74. You will now. Honourable Sirs, be able to compare the prefent with the preceding 
 government; fo momentous a flep, as lubverting the former one, we conceive, ought not 
 to have been undertaken till after the mod mature deliberation.^ and from a thorough know- 
 ledge of the country, its tonneiStions, and intercfts ; but this was far from being the caliej 
 Mr. Vanfittart had only been three months in Bengal, and in fo {hort a fpace of time, can 
 hardly be fuppofed to have acquired fo perfect a knowledge of matters as to be able to deter- 
 mine, that it was abfolutely neceffary to annul a treaty, which had been ratified in the mofl 
 folemn manner by Admiral Watfon and Colonel Clive, together with a regularly auihorifcd 
 Seleft Committee, guaranteed by the credit of the Company, and the honour of the nation. 
 
 35. The Gentlemen who were the promoters of this revolution, have coincided remarkablyji 
 in each others opinion du.-ing the laft year's confultations; in return, the Prefident has not 
 failed to (hew them partiality, of which we will give you a remarkable inftance: notwith- 
 ftanding in your letter to this Prefidency, dated 2ift January 1761, you were pleafed, in the 
 moft poTitive terms, to order the difmiilion of Meffrs. Sumner, Playdell, and Mac G-vire, 
 yet on the I oth Auguft, waen, in confequence of Mac Gwire's difmiffion, Mr. KUis was 
 app inted chief at Patna, Mr. Vanfittart propofed in council, that Mr. Mac Gvvire fbould 
 remain in the chieffhip till Mr. Ellis's arrival, which could not be effected in lefs than two 
 months; the queftion was abfolutely put to the Board, but carried in the negative, the other 
 Gentlemen not chuling to be guilty of fo glaring a deviation from their maftcrs orders; and 
 at Mr. Vanfittart's deliie, this propofd of his own was not entered on the face of that con- 
 fultation. Here it will be neceiiary alto to obferve, that Mr. Holwell, after the Honourable 
 Company had (hewn him fo plain a mark of their difpleafure, as to remove him fro.Ti th» 
 Chair to feventh in Council, at firll wavered whether to continue in the fervice or nor, till 
 (as he declared) he had a private conference with Mr. Vanlittart, after which he remained in 
 both Council and Seled Committee, till the very day on which Mr. Vanfittart took leave 
 of the Board to proceed to Morfhedabad, in order to execute the plan which had been formed j 
 and then Mr. Holwell refigned. 
 
 36. The Armenian minifters of the revolution, Cojah Petruce, and Cojah Gregory, are 
 in the higheft degree of favour with the Nabob and his adherents; the former reHdes in 
 Calcutt t, retained by Colfim Aly Chan, a known fpy upon every tranfa£tion of the Englifli ; 
 of which he never fails to give his mafter the moft regular intelligence, as was too apparent 
 to both Colonel Coote and Major Carnac, when they were at Patna. The latter of thefe 
 Armenians has ports of the greateft truft near the Nabob's perfon; and through the means of 
 thefe men, the Armenians in general are fetting up an independent footing in the country, 
 are carrying on a trade greatly detrimental to our inveftments in all parts, and commit daily 
 a£lsof violence, which reflei^ no fmallodiumon the Englifli, who are fuppofed to encourage 
 their proceedings. 
 
 37. It is this fyftem of adminiftration, which we have conftantly oppofed, as thinking 
 
 your
 
 [ ^53 ] 
 
 your affair! could not poiTibly profper under it ; and you will now be able to account for the 
 many dirterences at the Board, which will appear through the courCe of our confujcations, 
 and which will doubtlefs furprizc you till the real caufe is known ; as we have hitherto denied 
 our aflents to mealurcs, becaufc we deemed them contrary to your intereft>, thou»h the 
 adopting them would have turned out greatly to our private emoluments, fo you may reft 
 allured it (hall ever continue an invariable maxim with us to make your honour and advan- 
 tage the fole objedt of our attention. 
 
 38. You have been acquainted. Honourable Sirs, that the King has applied forourafliftance 
 to fettle him on the throne, and to recover fuch parts of his territories as are ftiU in the hands 
 of rebels. It is our opinion that we have troops enough to form an army for the enterprise ; 
 and as we have no European enemy to fear, the forces requifite for tliis fervice can, without 
 danger, be fpared. The Nabob's large army, which is now a burthen upon the provinces, 
 and only kept up to fcreen him from the King's power, and through his jealoufy of us, would 
 afford a confiderable addition, and at the fime time eafe the country of an immenfe expence ; 
 Shujah Dowlah, one of the moft powerful men of the empire, would join with his forces, 
 befides many other confiderable powers, friends to the King, from different parts, would 
 flock to the royal ftandard, fhould we ever take the field ; and our army, moft probably (as the 
 King himfelf has frequently declared) would march to the gates of Delhy, without oppolition ; 
 we moft humbly fubmitto you, whether fo glorious an opportunity of aggrandizing the Com- 
 pany in Hindoftan, ftiould not be embraced, and leave it to yourfelves to judge the reputation 
 and advantages which would refult to them, if, through the means of the Britifli arms, hts 
 Majefty ftiould be eftabliftied on his throne : for want of our aid he is now aftually at a (land, 
 and unable to profecute his journey to his capital. 
 
 3g. But ftiould you be unwilling to extend your connexions further up the country, and, 
 inltead of accepting the dewanny of Bengal, chufe to confine your views to your new acqui- 
 fitions, and to the trade of Bengal alone, we beg leave to otFer it as our opinion, that we 
 ought to maintain an intercft in the country, independent of the Nabob, by fupporting in 
 power fuch men as have proved themfelves our friends ; this will ferve as a balance againft 
 him, ftiould he entertain ill defigns againft us. 
 
 40. We have now given you a fair relation of things ; and, confcious of the goodnefs of 
 our intentions, we cannoi but flatter ourfelves we fliall meet with your approbation, in the 
 part we hive taken ; we ftiail therefore conclude with the aifurance that our endeavouis fliall 
 never be wanting to promote the honour and interells of our employers, their fuccefs being 
 the objcdl of our moft fervent wiflies. 
 
 We are, with the greateft refpeit. 
 
 Fort William, Honourable Sirs, 
 
 lith March 1762. Your moft faithful and dutiful Servants, 
 
 EVRE CoOTE, 
 
 P. Amyatt, 
 John Carnac, 
 W. Ellis, 
 S. Batson, 
 H. Verelst. 
 
 APPENDIX, No. I ^ 
 
 :>' 
 
 Fort VVilliam, the 2ift of April 1761. 
 
 Extract of a Letter from Major John Carnac, dated Camp at Bockypoor 13th of April 1761, 
 
 to the Select Committee. 
 
 " I Have long had reafon to fufpeiSt the Nabob had ill defigns againft Ramnarrain, and have 
 ** ■*■ now found my fufpicions to be too true. His Excellency made a heavy complaint to me 
 ** yefterday in the prcfence of Mr. M'Gwire, Major Yorke, Meflls. Lulhington and Swin- 
 " ton, that there was a confiderable balance due on the revenues of this province, Ramnar- 
 " rain has declared tome, that he was very ready to lay the accounts before him; however, 
 " as the two parties differ widely in their ftatement, Mr. M'Gwire and I propofed, that 
 " they ftiould each make out their accounts, and refer them to your Board, who would 
 " fairly decide between them. This, which I thought was a reafonable propofil, was fo 
 " far from being fatisfadlory to the Nabob, that he plainly declared, nothing lefs could fa- 
 " tisfy him than the mahrajcs being removed from the naibut of this province before he 
 " returned to Morfhcdabad : you are all, I believe, acquainted. Gentlemen, that Colonel 
 " Clive engaged to Ramnarrain, on the part of the Englifli, that he fliould be continued 
 ♦' Subah Naib of this province, as long as he chofe to be fo; and the Colonel conftantly op- 
 " pofed every attempt of A'leer Jaffier or the Chuta Nabob to remove him ; this engagement 
 " ftiould furely hold equally good againft Coflim Aly Cawn, as being prior to any you have 
 " concluded with him. Thus far julticc pleads in behalf of Ramnarrain ; and it is certainly 
 " good policy to fupport the weight and influence of a perfon known to be fo attached to the 
 " Englifti intercft, in order to counterbalance the Nabob, who, as far as I can judge, makes 
 *' a point to take all power from out of the hands of thofe, whom he finds to favour, or be fa- 
 
 QjH " vourcd 

 
 [ ^54 ] 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 voured by the Englifti ; of this I have feen more inftinccs than one, and he is now giving 
 ** a frefh proof of it, in the cafe of the Roy Shitubray, whom he is about to difpoffefs of his 
 
 jaghuires, though he deferves particular confidcration, both from he Nabob and us, on 
 •' account of the zeal and afliduity with which he ferved both in the tranfaiStions with the 
 " Shahzadah. 
 
 " I am direded, Gentlemen, by your letter, under date the 9th of February, to 
 " prottft Ramnarrain againfl all violence and injuftice that may be offered againft his perfon, 
 " honour, or lortune. If you do not mean to include in thefe the continuance of the 
 ♦' fubahdarree to him, it will be impofTible for me to comply with your dirciflons; and the 
 " moment that all power is taken from himfelf, he will be reduced to theneceffity of fceking 
 *' an alylum tllewhere, from the oppreflion of the Nabob." 
 
 Inftruflions to Colonel Cooie, Commander in Chief of the Forces in Bengal. 
 
 " Sir, 
 
 " The prefent tranquillity of thefe province?, and the valuable territories the Company 
 •' are polteifed of, render the fecuring that tranquillity, and the confirmation ot thofe 
 " advantages, the moft worthy objects of our attention. 
 
 " The connection betwixt our nation and the Shahzadah, the eldeft fon of the laft 
 " Mogul, may afford the moft cft'etftual means of anlVeiing thole purpofes, if circumftances 
 " ftiould turn out fo, as to put it in our power to alTift him in profe^uting his title to the 
 f' th:onc of his father. — There have been fomany revolutions of late in the afi^airs <>{ Delhy, 
 " that it is hardly poflible for us to defcribe to you how the feveral chiefs may ftand affefted; 
 " but as far as we have been able to obfcrve, the chiefs who have (hewn the moft conftant 
 " atrachment 10 the caufe of the Shazadah, are, Sujah I)i wlah, the Nabob of Oude, and 
 " Nazeha Dowlah, the chief of the Rohillas. — The territores of the former extending 
 *' from the Caramnaffar, very far towards Delhy, it is his a^iance that would bs moit parti- 
 " cularly ufeful in promoting the fuccefs of an expediti>.n to that capital ; nor fhould we 
 *' think it ra(h, if the Shahzadah fliould defire our affiffance, to de lare operly in his favour, 
 " whenever Sujah Dowla fhould have agreed to the plan, and given aiTurances of his reaJi- 
 " nefs to act in conjunction with us. 
 
 " By the lateft advices from Delhi, we are informed Abdallah was on his return to his 
 *' own country; and that a very large force of Mor ttoes was on its march towards Dtihy, 
 " with intentions, after executmg their purpofes there, to attack Sujah Dowlah's country. — ■ 
 " Thefe advices, if true, (hould, we imagine, h ive the effedt of making the Shahzadah the 
 " more ferioufly inclined to a(k our alTiftance, and Sujah Dowlah wifh to ftrengthen himfelf 
 " by fuch an alliance. — It is true you would have a troubKfome enemy to deal with in Co 
 " large a body of Morattoes ; but we fhould little doubt of your beating them, if they would 
 " venture to come to an action ; and at the fame time fuch meafures might be taken by the 
 " other Prefidencies, as to oblige them to return to the Deccan ; fuch meafures we ihall 
 " ftroiigly recommend to the Gentlemen at Madrafs and Bombay, if this enterprize fhould 
 •' be carried into execution. Letters are difpatched to Sujah Dov^la, prop finj; this alliance 
 *' to him ; and by the time his anfvvers arrive, we may hope alfo to fee your regiment, with- 
 " out which reinforcement we are not able to fpare troops enough for fo diftant an cxpedi- 
 " tion : another necefTarv confidcration, is a fufHcient advance of money for the expeiices of 
 *' the armv on the march ; ten lacks at leafl: will be necelfary to fet out with; and as it is 
 •' a principle with us, that the Company (hall bear no part of the burthen, this fuin muft be 
 " furniflied by the Nabob, out of the revenues of Bahar and Bengal ; but whether he has 
 " the means of doing this, befides difcharging his balance to the Company, paying off the 
 " arrears due to the troops of the late Nabob, and the current expences of the Government, 
 *' feems to us verv doubtful. — We recommend to you. Sir, rather to confult with him on 
 *' themeans of raifing fuch a fum, than peremptorily to demand it; nor do we in the leaft 
 •' doubt but, on y>ur reprefenting to him the fecurity and advantage which will accrue to his 
 *' government from the intended expedition, he will exert himfelf to corrply to the utiiioft 
 *' of his power with whatever you fhall think necefTary. Such affiftance as he may be in 
 *' need of to collect the balance due to the circar, we defire you will be pleafed to yield him- 
 
 " We are ad vi fed by Major Carnac, that there is a difference between the Nabob and 
 •' Ramnarrain, relative to the accounts of the Patna province : we hope this may be amica- 
 " bly and reafonably adjufted ; and requeft you will give your afTiftan e tovi-ards it as much 
 " aspolTible: as Ramnarrain has been remarkably fteady in his alliance with the Company, 
 " and received from Colonel Clive particular afTuranccs of protei5tion, with rclpeft to his 
 " perfon, fortune, and government, we recommend to you tofecurehim againft all attempts 
 " of opprefTion or injuftice: and further, that the government of Patna be prellrved to him, 
 " if it be his inclination to continue it. It is needlefs for us to add, that it will be far more 
 •' agreeable to all parties if that can be done, by reprefenting to the Nabob the obligations we 
 " are under to Ramnarrain, and preventing by that means the ncccfTity of any forcible 
 " meafures. 
 
 " The Shahzadah has often been prelling to have ficcas ftruck, and the coothah to be read 
 ♦' in his name ; but we have hitherto declined, on account of the uncertainty of the cxpedi- 
 <' tion's takin;^ place; but whenever it may appear to you, that the giving him thefe marks 
 " of royalty w.ll be the means of ftrengthening our alliance, and bringing other chiefs to 
 "join us, we leave it to your difcretion to a6l accordingly. 
 
 *' Man)'
 
 [ ^5S ] 
 
 " Many other circumftanccs may occur, which may require your determination before you 
 " can communicate thcni to us, which we, with the greateft pleafurc and confidence, leave 
 " to your difcreiion, alluring you of our moft hearty wifhes for your fuccefs in all your 
 " undertakings, being with perfect citcLm, &c." 
 
 Fort William, 28th September ij6i. 
 Monday. At a Coiifultation ; Prefent, 
 
 The Honourable Honry V'anfittart, Efquiie, Prefident. 
 Culling Smith, Efquire. 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire. 
 
 The Board being fully fatisfied of the Colonel's Conduct, wrote to him the following letter. 
 
 To Colonel Eyre Cootc. 
 
 Sir, We have the honour to tranfmit to you, inclofed, a copy of the enquiries made from 
 Shitabroy and hisanfwers, withrefpeil to the meaning of the obfcure cxprcflions in thofc letters 
 of his, which the Nabob intercepted ; the bufincfs which he mentions with fo much myfte- 
 rious ciution, he explains to be the obtaining for the Company, a fun nod for the dewannee 
 of thefc provinces; and this agrees with the folution given to us by Mr. Lufhington : there is 
 not the leaft appearance of fuch a defign, as is mentioned by the Nabob's vakeel in the king's 
 ca;np ; viz. the procuring the funnuds for the fubadarree of thefe provinces in the name of 
 Serfer-z Cawn's fon, or any other in the place of Coflim Ally Cawn; and it is with great 
 plcafure we allure you we are convinced, the Nabob's fufpicions on that head are entirely 
 grounclkfs. 
 
 Wt iT.uil obferve to you, that the making any application for the dewannee in the name of 
 the Conipanv, or the encouraging others to do it, or the people about the court to offer 
 it, was foreign from our intention, as may be feen by our inflructions to Major Carnac 
 of the and to you of the where we fum up all the requells we had to 
 
 make to the King ; we were aware that fuch a ciriumftance would be to the Nabob a caufe of 
 great uneafinefs, the fubidary being a truft of little authority or value, if the dewannee were 
 in the hands of another. 
 
 Tlic Prefident has acquainted the Nabob with the refultof thefe enquiries, and reprefented 
 to him, that it is highly juil and neceifary he fhould make you all pofilble amends for the 
 groundkfs lufpiiinns entertained of you; at the fame time we think fume apology is due from 
 you to him, for the alarm you gave him upon a fufpicion equally unreafonable, of his intend- 
 ing to attack the city of Patna. 
 
 We hope that no more of our time or yours will be taken up with difcuflions of this 
 nature; but th;\t a fleady purfuit of the moll necefTary meafures, for fecuring the Company's 
 pofTcfTions, and prcferving the tranquillity of the country, will, in future, employ all our 
 attention. The inltances in which any of us may have erred, will be pointed out, and 
 cenfurcd by our fuperiors ; but let us here endeavour to {hew an example of good harmony to 
 the fociety of which we are the chief members ; and by preferving ourfelves a proper refpedl 
 for each other, excite the fame fentiments in others. 
 
 Wc are, with efteem, 
 Sir, 
 Your mofl obedient humble fervants. 
 
 Extra£l of a Letter from the Honourable the Prefident, Sec. at Fort William, to Colonel 
 
 Evre Coote, dated iSthJune 1761. 
 We hope your advice has had fome cffedt upon Ramnarrain ; it feems however, by his delays 
 in fettling accounts upon the foo:fngdireiScd in our joint letter to yourfelf and Mr. M'Gwire, 
 dated the jyth of laft month, tiiat he is endeavouring, by evading the delivery of his 
 accounts, to prefcrve his own authority over the fubahfhip, and prevent the Nabob's col- 
 lecting any money ; it is neither equitable nor expedient to fufFer any more of the revenues to 
 be loft; but wliil'j the old accounts are under examination, let the Nabob place his own 
 people to coll'.(5t ali the growing rents, and to call the zemindars to account for their balances, 
 and let Ramnarrain's powers be fufpcndcd until his accounts be fettled, and a computation of 
 the rents tranfmittcd us, with the Nabob's propofals for our determination, as defired in our 
 beforementioned letter. 
 
 Extradl of a Letter from Colonel Eyre Coote, to the Honourable the Prefident, &c. at Fort 
 William, dated French Gardens, July 17th 1761. 
 By the follov/ing paragraph in your inftruflions to me, dated April 21ft ; viz. " As Ram- 
 '• narrain has been remarkably fteady in his alliance with the Company, and received from 
 ** Colonel Clive particular afTuranccs of proteiStion, with refpedt to his perfon, fortune, 
 *' and government ; wc recommend to you to (ecurc him againft all attempts of oppreffion 
 *• or injuflice ; and further, that tlie government of P.itna be preferved to him, if it be his 
 *' inclinatiiin to continue in it : it is needlefs for us to add, that it will be far more agreeable 
 " to all parties, if that can be done by reprefenting to the Nabob the obligations wc are 
 " under to Ramnarrain, and preventing by that means the neceflity of any forcible mea- 
 •* fures ;" alio by feveral other letters lincc, partly corroborating the beforementioned para- 
 graph.
 
 C 156 ] 
 
 graph, you continued defirous of giving Ramnarrain your protedlion, but chofe finally to 
 have the differences between him and the Nabob fettled by your decifion ; and though the 
 Nabob was plcafed to offer me five lacks and a half of rupees to turn out Ramnarrain, and I 
 was alfo fenfibleat that time, from the enmity the Nabob bore him, that the Rajah could not 
 be continued in the fubahfhip, yet fo determined was I not to deviate in the leafl from your 
 inftruflions, that however great this offer might appear, I refufed it, by affunng the Nabob 
 it was not in my power, but mufl be done by the Board ; and 1 am convinced, ever lince that 
 refufal, he looked upon it 1 could not be his friend. 
 
 The following paragraph of my letter to you, dated June 13th, will alfo fhew how defirous 
 I was to have thofe aff irs fpeedily determined. — " Ramnarrain is fettling his accounts with 
 *' the Nabob, but goes on foflowly, that I can hardly fay he has made a beginning: F moft 
 *' fincerely wi(h this affair was fettled one way or other." And on receipt of your le:ter of 
 the i8th June, wherein you ordered that unfortunate Rajah to be fufpended from havmg any 
 power in the country, till his accounts were fettled ; limmediatily lent to acquaint him, 
 th t till he fettled his accounts, you had fufpended him from the government of the provincej 
 and in confequence the cutcherry was removed to the Nabob's encampment. 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 14. 
 
 Extra£l of a Letter from the Directors to the Prefident and Council at Fort William, dated 
 
 London, loth April 1771. 
 
 Par. 43. ZJ AVING already apprifed you of the purpofes to which we mean to appropriate the 
 •*^ faying above mentioned, we have only to diredl, that when the navy and army 
 donations, the debt due to Bolackidafs, and the ftipulated payment to juggatfeat, fhall have 
 been wholly fatisfied and reimburfed to us out of the aggregate reductions before mentioned, 
 fuch further funis as fhall arife therefrom, are to be applied from time to time, to clear the 
 balance unpaid to the claimants of the reftitution fund, and the donation of two laaks to Co- 
 lonel Munio, in fuch proportions as the refpedtive claims may bear to each other, until the 
 whole fhall be difcharged ; but you are to take notice that the principal only of the fums due 
 from the fircar are to beconfidered and allowed in the payments here ordered. 
 
 A Letter of Thanks to Major Munro. 
 
 Fort William, the i6th November 1764. 
 Tuefday. At a Confultation ; Prefent, 
 The Honourable Henry VanUttart, Efquire, Prefident. 
 John Spencer, 
 Cha. Stafford Playdell, 
 Warren Haftings, 
 John Johnftone, 
 Samuel Middleton, 
 Ralph Leyceller, 
 John Burdett, Efquires. 
 
 A Letter of Thanks, addreffed to the Commander In Chief. 
 Agreed that we addrefs, on this occafion, the following letter to Major Munro. 
 
 Sir, We have received, with great pleafure, the firft news of your fuccefs of the 23d Oiflober, 
 awainft Shuja Dowla, by your note to the Prefident from the field of battle, and yefterday 
 we were favoured with your letter of the 26th, containing the detail of the action, which 
 from the great force of the enemy, and the number of their artillery, is one of the mofl inter- 
 efting that ever was fought in India. The fignal vidiory you gained, fo as at one blow ut- 
 terly to defeat their defigns againft thefe provinces, is an event, which does fo much honour 
 to yourfelf, Sir, in particular, and to all the officers and men under your command, and 
 which, at the fame time, is attended with fuch important advantages to the Company, as 
 calls upon us to return you our fincere thanks. We fhall regard it at once as our pleafure 
 and duty, to fet forth to the Court of Direftors, how much they are obliged to you for 
 your (kill and a£livity in the care of the army, before the opening of the campaign ; your 
 judgement in leading them into the field in the earlieft of the feafon, and your conducing the 
 difpofition you made for receiving or attacking the enemy. We requeft that you will return 
 our thanks to the other field officers, and the commandant of the artillery, for their care and 
 vigilance in preferving this difpofition, and taking every advantage over the enemy ; and to 
 the officers and men in general, for their bravery and good behaviour on this important oc- 
 cafion. 
 
 Lieutenants Nicoll, Harper, and Bevan, mentioned in your letter to us, and Captains 
 Grant, Winwood, Hay, Stables, and Kinlock ; Mr. Hamilton, your aid de camp ; Lieute- 
 nant Duff, of the artillery ; Mr. Stuart, your fecretary ; and Mr. Sage, who adfed as Major 
 Pemble's aid de camp, mentioned in like manner in your letter to the Prefident, as meriting 
 your particular notice, have gained great honour. They may be allured that your recom- 
 mendation fliall not be forgot i that they ftiall fcceive, upon all occafions, every encouragen.ent 
 
 the
 
 [ 157 ] 
 
 the rules of tlie fcrvice will aJmit of. Wc fhall alfo take the firft opportunity of writing to 
 the Preliclcnt and Council of Bombaj-, of the gond fervices of M.jor Penible, and Captains 
 Hamilton and Mac Pherfon, belonging to that cftablifhment, and fhall requeft of them to 
 take evt-ry opportunity of rewarding their merit. 
 
 For the further operations of the army we refer you to our feparate letter of inftruiEtions of 
 this date, and are with great cftcem, Sir, 
 
 C.iKutta, Your moft obedient humble fervants, 
 
 6th Nov. 1764. H. Vansittart, &c. 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 15. 
 
 Paragraph from General Letter to Bengal, 27th April 1763. 
 
 Par. 5. VITlTH refpeft to the jagucer given by the late Nabob Jaffier Ally Khan to Lord 
 ' ' Clive, arifing out of the lands granted by thefaid Nabob to the Company, wc 
 dire£l that you do not pay any further fums to the attornies of Lord Clive on that account ; 
 anJ wc further direft, that whatever fhall arife in future from the faid jagueer be carried to 
 our credit. You are to caufe exaiH: accounts to be made out and tranfmitted to us, not only 
 of what fh;dl fo come into our cafh, but alfo of all the fums Lord Clive's atto nics have 
 already received on the faid account, together with the dates of the feveral payments; his 
 Lordlhip's pretenfions to the faid jagueer will be fettled here. 
 
 Copy Letter from the Secret Committee, dated 30th December 1763, to the Prefident, &c. 
 
 of the Select Committee. 
 
 To the Prefident and tlie reft of the Seleft Committee at Fort William. 
 Soon after the general letter of the Court of DireiSors of the 27th April lad, containing or- 
 ders to the Governor and Council to fufpend all future payments of the rents claimed by Lord 
 Clive as ajaghire, his Lordfhip thought fit to commence a fuit in the court of Chancery againft 
 the Company, infifting on a title to thoferents. A copy of his bill and the Company's an- 
 fwer we fend you herewith, by which you will learn how he makes out his claim, and how 
 we controvert it : if the phintiif fhould be advifed to proceed in his caufe, the next (iep to 
 be taken in it, we are told, will piobably be a commiffion to ilTue out of the faid court here, 
 but to be executed in Bengal, in order to afcertain the fatSts infifted on, and the conftitution, 
 ufage, and laws of the empire, as far as regards this queflion ; and for that purpofe to exa- 
 mine and take the depnfitions in writing, of the feveral witnedes either fide may think fit to 
 produce to prove or difprove the feveral allegations contained in the bill or in the anfwer. 
 Whenever fuch aconimiflion idues, proper inftrui^ions will be fcnt out with it, refpedting 
 the manner of executing it. In the meantime it isourdefire (and it is for this purpofe we 
 write you now) that you will immediately take the proper flcps to inform yourfelves of the 
 real Itate of the fads material to the difcuflion of the feveral queftions upon which the plain- 
 ti.f's claim appears, by the bill and anfwer, to depend ; particularly that you will immedi- 
 ately make proper enquiries into the authenticity of the pretended patent from the Mogul, 
 crt- iting the plaintiff an E i.ir or Qnira of the empire, which he makes the foundation of his 
 t.tle, deriving from it a capacity to accept ajaghire, and, as he pretends, a right to expedl 
 one. if no luch p itent ever ilfued (as we have great reafoii to believe) or if any of the ufual 
 forms necL-llary to make it valid and effectual were wanting, this will be decifive agaiufthim. 
 You (ce therefore the importance of this enquiry, and cannot be too attentive to it. The 
 manner of obtaining the fuppofed grant of thejaghire from Jaffier Aly Khan, the Nabob's 
 mo.iveo, intentions, &c. muft be likewife particularly enquired into, and in cafe there fhould 
 have been (as the plaintiff's own letters lead us to fufpeit) any impofture in any of the inftru- 
 incius fuppofed to h;ive formerly ilfued, or if any thing of that kind fhould be attempted now, 
 you arc to fpare no pains or expencc to dctedt it ; and above all it is our defire that you will 
 initamly make effectual applications to the courts of Delhi and Muxadavad, to prevent the 
 ilfuing any new grants or confirmations, by which the plaintiff might fupply the defeiSts of 
 his piclisnt title, or acquire a new one, though he fhould have none at prefent ; for though 
 we have no reafon to defire tc^ prevent a fair difcuffion and decifion of the plaintiff's prefent 
 pictenfions, yet we are fo fully fenfible of the many inconveniences to the Company, which 
 fuch a title, fliould it be cltabliflied, would occafion, that we think it our duty to make the 
 flnelcft enquiry into the foundation of the claim, and if there be no title at prefent, to ufc our 
 hL-lt cndeavoiiis to prevent the acquiring one. Wc think it equally contrary to the honour, 
 and to the intereft of the Company, that it fhould thus become tributary, as it were, to its 
 own fervants; and the foliciting, or even accepting, a grant of the fovereignty of the Com- 
 pany's pofl'effions appears fo inconfiftcnt with that relation, that we truft it will be found as 
 illegal, as we are fure it is improper. If thofe rents muft be paid, we think it, upon many 
 accounts, much more for the intereft of the Company to pay them as ufual to the Nabob, for 
 the u(e of the Mogul, than to any pretended grantee of theirs, whole receipts we fear would 
 be of little u(e to the Company, when thofe princes fhould be difpofcd to conlidcr the rents as 
 inaricar; which we doubt not will be the cafe, if ever they find themfclves in a condition to 
 compel the payment of them. Circumftanccd, however, as things were at Bengal, at the 
 
 R r ~ time
 
 [ 158 ] 
 
 time the late Nabob was induced to make the grant, which gives occafion to the pr-_ 
 claim, we think theCompany had a right to exped to be releafed from this tribute altogether; 
 and that the prefent claimant, then Governor of the Company's fettlc-ments, and Commander 
 of their troops, ought to have employed the influence this ftation gave him in procuring 
 this conceflion, for the Company's benefit inftt-ad of his own. The prefent fituation of 
 thinos there encourages us ftill to hope, that both the Mogul and the reigning Nabob may 
 be prevailed upon to relinquilh thefe rents in favour of the Company : and as well for the fake 
 of the revenue, as to prevent the Company's being ever again embarrafled with a claim like 
 the prefent, we diredt you to folicit and ul'e your beft endeavours to obtain that conceiEon, 
 in cafe you find, as we truft you will, that thole rents are ftill in their difpofal. 
 
 As it will be necell'ary, for the purpofe of carrying thefe orders into execution, that fome 
 perfon, in whom we can confide fo great a truft, fhould be fent to Muxadavad and Delhi, we 
 think it neceflary that one of you (hould undertake this negociation. We recommend Mr. 
 John Spencer, if he can be fpared, otherwife Mr. Warren Haftings ; and whoever goes, is 
 to take with him fuch of the Company's fervants as are beft qualified by their capacity, in- 
 tegrity, and knowledge of the language, to give him the necefTiry afliftance. 
 
 We have only to add, that in cafe the plaintiff' fhould think it neceflary, as it is probable 
 he may, to employ an agent in Bengal to affift him in any thing relative to the matters in 
 difpute between him and the Company, it will be obvioufly improper that any of you, with 
 whom we now correfpond, or of the council to whom inftrudions may perhaps be fent here- 
 after on this fubjeft, (hould accept that office. This laft circumftance you wjll privately 
 communicate to the reft of the Council. 
 
 We are 
 
 Your loving friends. 
 The Secret Committee of the Eaft India Company. 
 H. Crabb Boi;lton, J. Dorrien, 
 JoHNBoyD, Lau. SuLIVA^f. 
 
 London, 
 30 Dec. 1763. 
 
 Fort William, the 23d April 1764. 
 Monday. At a Confultation ; Prefent, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, Prefident. 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Samuel Middleton, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efquire, 
 John Burdett, Efquire. 
 
 The Nabob's Letter to the Governor and Council, in Confequence of the Company's Orders 
 
 regarding Colonel Clive's Jagheer. 
 
 The Prefident lays before the Board the following Letter, which he has received from the 
 
 Nabob, addrelTed to himfelf and the Council. 
 
 Dated 27th March 1 764. 
 From the Nabob to the Governor and Council. 
 
 *' I am informed by Major Carnac, that the Gentlemen of Council at Calcutta, in con- 
 *' formity to the diredions of the counfellors in Europe, have taken pcilTeffion of, and 
 *' propofe paying into the Company's treafury, the rents of thejagheer, which I affigned to 
 " my fon Colonel Clive, in confideration of the great fervices he performed for me, and 
 " which God is my witnefs I gave him, without his defiring it, merely as a reward for his 
 " dutiful and afFe£tionate behaviour to me. This affair furprifed me greatly, becaufe no 
 *' other Gentlemen have any right to what I have given to my fon Colonel Clive. If there- 
 ** fore it is not agreeable to them to continue the jagheer to my faid fon, the right and 
 " property thereof reverts to me. I will refume it. Whatever money now is, or may 
 " hereafter be due, on account of the faid jagheer, you will be pleafed to pay it into the 
 " hands of Mr. Vanfittart, that fo I may receive the full amount thereof. Let thefe my 
 *' orders be faithfully complied with.'' 
 
 The leverfion of it to him efteemed inconteftable. 
 
 Since the Company have been pleafed to forbid our continuing to pay this jagheer to Lord 
 Clive, we are unanimoufly of opinion, that the Nabob's right to the money is inconteftable. 
 
 Order and Refolution in Confequence. 
 
 Ordered therefore, that the accomptant to the Committee of Lands, do prepare, and lay 
 before the Board, an account of what is due to this time; the fame may be brought to the 
 Nabob's credit. 
 
 And agreed, that the Prefident do advife the Nabob accordingly. 
 
 Fort William, the 7th May 1764. 
 Monday, At a Confultation ; Prefent, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, 
 
 Randolph
 
 r 159 ] 
 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efquire, 
 John Burdett, Efquire. 
 
 Account of money due on Lord Clive's jagheer. 
 The accomptant to the Committee of Lands lays before the Board the account money due 
 •n Lord Clive's jagheer to the nth April laft, amounting to — S\R\ 1,25,655 7 •> 
 Entered, and an Order to the Sub Treafurer, 
 Ordered, It be entered, and that the fub-treafurer be direfled to pafs the amount to the 
 ciedit of the Nabob's account, and the debit of the Company's zemindary. 
 
 Particulars of the fums on which Roydolub received his commiflion in three payments. 
 
 To the Company ■ 468359511' 7 
 
 Army and Navy 2341797 8 3 
 
 Inhabitants 3606368 — 6 
 
 Dcdud army and navy, on which no commiflion was drawn 
 
 106,31,761 4 4 
 - 2341797 8 3 
 
 Committee 1 1 50000 5 per cent. 
 
 A prefcnt from Colonel Clive, being 5 per cent, upon 25 lacks 
 
 8289963 12 I 
 5 
 
 4,14,498 1 5 
 
 57500 
 1,25000 
 
 596998 
 
 An Account of Money agreeable to the receipts of Raja Dolevaram, received account com- 
 miflion, viz. 
 5 fun ficcas 
 
 Muxadavad fonauts — 
 
 Dacca fonauts 
 
 Patna fonauts 
 
 /rcot good — — 
 
 Patna lefs rupees — 
 
 A roots lefs 
 
 Sonauts of forts lefs — 
 
 7400 
 
 94991 
 
 10513 
 
 148770 
 
 41330 
 549='3 
 85144I 
 153178 
 
 Rs. 596229! 
 
 N. B. The above fums are given to Rajah Dolevaram by CojaPetrufe, the bags containing 
 fome oncthoufand, and feme two thoufand ; the faid bags were fealed with a mohur of Nabob 
 Surozut Dowlah, and regularly the above fums were received by Dolevaram ; but thofe bags 
 that were lefs to the amount of 767 Z. Rs. which was likewife received by him. 
 
 Lord Clive obferved, concerning the account laid before the Governor and Council by Roy 
 Dullub, in which is an article of 5 per cent, received by him (Roy DuUub) on a prefent of 
 25 lacks of rupees given by the Nabob to his Lordfhip, that to the beft of his recolledion Roy 
 Dullub, who v/as the Nabob's prime minifter and treafurer, received a commiflion of 5 per 
 cent, upon all the treaty money (except that to the navy and army) upon all the committee 
 money, and alfo upon all the ieparatc donations to thofe individuals, as well Blacks as Euro- 
 peans, who had been particularly ufeful in the revolution ; fome of whofcjiames were men- 
 tioned in his Lordfhip's evidence on the 28th of April ; that thofe feparate donations muft be 
 included in the 25 lacks fpccified in Roy Dullub's account. — I.,ord Clive having been the 
 principal perfon, he imagined was the reafon, why the whole of that money was put under 
 his name, although his proportion was only what has been already declared by his Lordfhip. 
 And it is certain, that the dcdudlion of 5 per cent, commiflion for Roy Dullub was made from 
 every body's proportion as well as fiom Lord Clive's. 
 
 A motion was made, and the queition being put. That the faid report be printed ; 
 Jtpaflbd in the negative. I 
 
 Ordered, That the faid report do lie upon the table. ^ 
 
 Colonel Burgnyne alfo reported from the faid Committee, That the Committee had exa- 
 mined the matter of the petition of Grcgore Cojamaul, late of Bengal, in the Eaft Indies, on 
 behalf of hin)ftlf and others, referred to their confideration ; and had directed him to report 
 the fame, as it appeared to them, to the Houfe ; and he read the report in his place; and af- 
 terwards delivered it in at the clerk's table : where the fame was read ; and is as followcth, 
 viz.' 
 
 The committee who were appointed to enquire into the nature, ftate,* and condition, of 
 the tall-India Company, and of the Britifh affairs in the Eaft Indies, and to whom 
 the petition of Grcgore Cojamaul, late of Bengal, in the Eaft Indies, on behalf of 
 
 himfelf 
 
 .3>
 
 [ i6o ] 
 
 hlmfelf and others, was referred, have, purfuant totheorder of the Houfe, examined 
 the matter of the faid petition ; and confidering the latcnefs of the pielent leffions and 
 the importance of the fubjea, beg leave to lay before the Houfe the whole of the 
 evidence upon their proceedings thereon. 
 
 Veneris, 8° die Mail, 1772. 
 Colonel Burgoyne in the chair; Prefent, 
 Mr. Johnftone, Sir John Turner, 
 Mr. Sutton, Mr. Ongley, 
 
 Mr. Vane, Mr. Hotham, 
 
 Mr. Strahey, Mr. Pitt, 
 
 Mr. Curzon, Mr. Cornwall, 
 
 Mr. Fuller, Mr. Ellis. 
 
 Read, the petition of Gregore Cojamaul ; as follows : 
 
 " To the Honourable the Commons of Great Britain, in Parliament aflembled. 
 
 <' The humble Petition of Gregore Cojamaul, late of Bengal, in the Eaft Indies, on behalf 
 
 " of himfelf and others, 
 « Sheweth, 
 
 " That your petinoner, who is an Armenian chriftian, and native of Ifphahan in Perfia, ^ 
 
 *• has for many years refided in India as a merchant, particularly in the provinces of Bcnjal 
 *« and its dep.-ndencies, where thofe of his nation have ever been allowed to carry on trade, 
 •' according to the ancient ufages of thofe countries, and even were indulged with certain 
 " privileges in that refpedl. 
 
 " That your petitioner, who has ever ftridly conformed himfelf to the ufages of thofe 
 " refpe(3ive countries, has, with many others of his nation, of late, been greatly i.iipeded 
 *' in their bufmefs as merchants, by the moft cruel, deftruitive, and iiij;irious regulations, and 
 << grievoufly opprefled by long and cruel imprifonments, and othprwife, by the nominal na- 
 " bobs, and other fervants of the Engllfli Eaft-India Company in Bengal, notwithltanding 
 *' your petitioner never in any degree injured the faid Company, nor was ever guilty of any 
 «' breach of the laws, either of India or this nation ; to the known juiUce of which laft, he 
 " has already applied for fatisfadion for the great lofles and injuries he has fuftaintd. 
 
 *' That, when your petitioner, and others, have been injured and opprelied by fuch im- 
 " prifonments within the diftricls to which His Majefty's moft gr.;cious charter of ja(h e, 
 *' granted to the faid Company, is not allowed to extend, they have applied to the faid no- 
 " minal nabobs of Bengal for juftice, who have referred them and your petitioner to the 
 *« Prefident or Secret Committees of Calcutta in Bengal, alledging fuch imprifonments to 
 *' have been effefted by their orders; and when, on the part of your petiiiuner and fuch 
 •' other perfons, application has been made for juftice at Calcutta to the faid Company's 
 *' governor and prefident of the fecret committees, they have been referred baclc to the faid 
 *' nabobs ; and in this grievous fituation, without ever being able to know of what crime he 
 *' was accufed, your petitioner, by fuch evafions, has been ruined, and lett without any 
 *' other remedy than the precarious redrefs which he may poffibly obtain from the courts of 
 *' law in this country, under all the difadvantages of feeking juftice in a foreign land, at fuch 
 *' a diftance from the fcene of afliion, without friends or money. 
 
 *' That your petitioner, upon his arrival in England, was advifed to apply to the Dire£lors 
 *' of the Eaft India Company for redrefs, in confequence of the injuries he had fuftaintd by 
 •' their fervants abroad, which your petitioner did accordingly in the moft humble manner, 
 *' but has never yet been able to obtain any fatisfadlory anfwerfrom that Honourable Board. 
 
 *' That your petitioner is about to return to his family and bufmefs in Bengal, where, 
 *' under the prefent double government, he is apprehenfive his perfon, property, and family, 
 *' as well as the reft of his nation, will beexpofed to greater hardfliips than befoie, on account 
 *' of his having applied for juftice in England, unlefs protecled by fomeeftcdual regulations 
 •' of government by the Britifh Legillature. 
 
 ♦' Your petitioner therefore humbly prays this Honourable Houfe to take this cafe into 
 " confideration, and grant fuch relief in the premifes, with refpedl to the future 
 *' fecurity of perfons and property in Bengal, as to the wifdoni of this Honourable 
 *' Houfe ftiall feem meet. 
 
 (Signed) " Gregore CojAMAUt." 
 The Committee then read parts of a letter written by Lord Clive, upon his leaving Ben- 
 gal, to Mr. Verelft and the reft of the Gentlemen of the Seledt Committee, dated the 16th 
 January 1767; as follows: 
 
 " Thefirft point in politics which I offer to your confideration, is the form of govcrn- 
 " ment. We are fenfible that fince the acquifition of the Dcwanny, the power foimerjy 
 *' belonging to the foubah of thefe provinces, is totally, in fa£l, veftcd in the "Eaft India 
 *' Company. Nothing remains to him but the name and fhadow of authority. This name 
 *« however, this fhadow, it is indilpenfably ncceffary we fliould feem to venerate ; every mark 
 « of diftindion and refpeft muft be fhewn him, and he himfelf encouraged to flicw his 
 *« refentment upon the leaft want of rcfpcd from other nations. 
 
 " Under
 
 [ i6. 1 
 
 ^' UiuIlt the fanilion of a foubah, every encroachment that may be attempted by foreign 
 ♦' powers can efi-ctStually be crufhcJ, without any a iparcnt interpofuion of our own authority; 
 •' and all real grievances complained of by them, can, tluough the fame channel, be examined 
 " into and rcJreired. Be it therciore always remembered that there is a foubah, that we have 
 " allotted him a llipend, which mull be regularly paid, in fupport of his dignity ; and that 
 " though the revenues belong to the Company, the territorial jurifdiition muft Hill reft in 
 " the chiefs of the country ailing under him, and this Prchdency in conjunction. To 
 " appoint the Company's fervants to the offices of collectors, or indeed to do any act by an 
 " exertion of the En^lifli power, vyhich can equally be done by the Nabob at our inftance, 
 " would be tlirowing off the mafk, would be de. hiring the Company foubah of the provinces. 
 " Foreign nations would immediately take umbrage, and complaints preferred to the Britifli 
 " court might be attended with very embarrafling confcquences. Nor can it be fuppofed 
 " ihat either the French, Dutch, or Danes, would readily acknowledge the Company's 
 " f.,ubahfhip, and pay into the hands of their fervants the duties upon trade, or the quit- 
 " rents of thofe diflriils which they may have long been polTefted of by virtue of the royal 
 " ph rmaunds, or grants from furmtr Nabobs. 
 
 "• To wiiat I have urged i;i general upon the fubje£l of regulations, I beo- leave to add a 
 " (cw words in relation to one particular point : all the Company's fervants at the aurungs, 
 " all thole at the out fadlories, except fuch as are fixed at the fubordinates, and are neceii'a- 
 ♦' rily employed in the lilk bufmcfs, all free merchants, muft be recalled, and their place 
 ♦' of -efidcnce confined to Calcutta. Orders for this purpofe have already been iffued, and 
 " the time for their being obeyed is limited. Herein no confidcration whatfoever, fcarccly 
 " humanity ittcif, except in any very extraordinary inftance, fliould tempt you to relax-, for 
 " be allured, that until thefe regulations take place, the Company cannot be properly faid to 
 " enjoy their juft rights and privileges, nor the natives to be mailers of their own property. 
 
 " Another growing evil, which requires a fpeedy remedy, is the number of vagabonds 
 " that infcft the Frefidency. All thofe muft be apprehended and embarked on board {hips 
 " for Kurope without dcby. In their native country thty may become ufeful to the public, 
 ♦' but in Calcutta ihey are worle than idlers. Our police is not perfeiSl enough to prevent 
 " ihelr being guilty of many outrages, cif which I need only mention the opprelfing the 
 " poor Mihabit-nts, an J the retailing of fpirituous liquors, which deftroy the coniiitution and 
 " lives of m.iny of cur foldicrs." 
 
 'I ne Committee then read part of a minute of Mr, Verclft, who fucceeded Lord Clive in 
 thi- gc Vf rMiieiit of Bengal, as recorded in the proceedings of a fele6l committee held on the 
 5thFcbiuary 1767, at which were alfo prefent Colonel Richard Smith, Francis Sykes, Claud 
 Kullell, and .'Vkxander Campbell, Efquircs; viz. 
 
 " Lord Clive, in his letter to this Committee, has been fo very explicit on the prefent 
 " ftate of aftairs, and has fixed on fo judicious and fo wife a plan of politics, that I confider 
 it as my duty to recommend in the moft earneft manner, our ftriiSlly adhering thereto, from 
 *' a convidion that it is a plan the beft calculated to infure ftability to the aftairs of the Com- 
 *' (rany, to preferve harmony and concord amongft ourfelves, and to eftablilh that order, re- 
 •' -^ularit), and fubordinarion, without which the greateft and moft opulent kingdoms cannot 
 " long fubiift — Tli'.u^h his Lorcllhip is no longer prefent to afllft us in thofe falutary meafures 
 " for the welfare of t;ic Company, which he had I'o much at heart, and n the profecution of 
 *' which he rifqued his health, his life, and every thing dear, yet the legacy he has left us 
 *' will ferve as a guide for our future conduct, in the weighty and important concerns of this 
 " government." 
 
 The petitioner, Gregore Cojamaul, was then called upon to give an account of the cir- 
 cumftances of his bemg taken up and confined, to the time of his relcafemcnt and embarka- 
 tion tor hngland ; wnich he did in the following words : 
 
 On the 14th March 1768, Rnjah Bulwantfing's officer feizcd me at Bara Fort, and told 
 Tncit was in conlequence of an order that the Rajah had received from the Calcutta governor, 
 Mr, V'erelft. Then I was taken to diiTcrcnt forts under forty men, who guarded me. On 
 the I7ih they put me in a boat, where was another prifoncr, an Armenian Gentleman, called 
 Mekomb I'h llip. We werecarrled to Chowfah, where I received from the Rajah and his mi- 
 nifttrs, letters oi' condolance on my imprifonmcnt, and approbation of my condu;5l. After 
 fome days we were carried to Patna, where we arrived the 3Gth March, and we were carried 
 before the Company's collector named Shitabroy, who confined us in his cutcherry till the 
 6th April. He then fent away Rajah Bulwantfing's guards, and put Englifh Sepoys over us. 
 As fooii as the guard was changed, they carried us into a boat in fuch a hafty manner, that 
 we (ould not know what we were accufed of; one day we heard there was an order of Mr. 
 Vercllt, the governor of Calcutta, that we (h)u!d be carried to Murfhedabad, before Maho- 
 med Reza Khawn. We arrived at Murfnedabad on the 26tii April 1768, and wc were car- 
 ried before Mahomed Rcza Khawn, who was the fuperior of the Englifti collciStors, He or- 
 dered us to be carried to a place called Ferrahbag. On the 27th April, thefirft Sepoys guard 
 was fent away, and other Englifli Sepoys were put in their place, under the command of 
 Major Chriftian Fifcher. — While wc were prifoners, our relations and friends applied to the 
 Nabob to rclcafc us, who told them he had wrote to Calcutta for orders. At Calcutta our 
 relations pr<.fentcda petition to the Governor and Council, which was prcfentcd to Mr, Ve- 
 relft liinilelf, who told them to go and apply to the Nabob at the city of Murfliadabad. On 
 
 S s tlie 
 
 ti
 
 [ i62 ] 
 
 the23d May we were releafed. We went to Calcutta, where we arrived the 8th June. On 
 the loth we waited on Mr. Verelft, to know his pleafure. He infifted we hid not been pri- 
 foners. I told Mr. Verelft that I had tranfacled bufinefs for fome Englifh gentlemen, under 
 a purwannah, fealed with the Company's feal ; he faid, It' this is the cafe, then you are 
 blamelefs : bring the purwannah :.nd fhew it me — I did not bring my purwannah to fhcw him, 
 beino- advifcd not to do it, becaufe the other gentleman, Melcomb Phillip, told me that he 
 had carried his, and that Mr, Verelft had detained it. Afterwards I was diftreffed, from aa 
 order that no Armenian or Portuguefe Ihould go out of the Englifli dominions, fo 1 remained 
 without having my goods, or being able to collefl my money, which determined me to come 
 to this country to feelc for juftice. 
 
 Q. To what value do ycu fuppofe the goods and debts you left behind you amounted to? 
 
 A. In all £. 5,000. 
 
 Q^ Was that belonging to yourfelf? 
 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q; Did you leave no goods or debts with which you was intrufted by other people? 
 
 A. 1 did. 
 
 Q. Whofe goods ? 
 
 A. Mr. Bolts's and Mr. Hare's. 1 guefj, about loor/^. i2,coo worth, 
 
 Q; In what part of the country were thole goods and debts ? 
 
 A. In Bulwantfing's dominions. 
 
 Q; Since that time have you received no account of your own debts, or thofe belonging- to 
 Mr. Bolts or Mr. Hare ? 
 
 A. I have had no account — I have been in England fince Auguft 1769. 
 
 Q^ Did you never hear that the Company's fervants were forbid to trade i.i Bultwantfing's 
 country? 
 
 A. No — I think the Company's fervants were allowed to trade in that country, becaufe I 
 have often feen goods there belonging to the Englifh, and have feen Englifh gomaftans ia 
 that country. 
 
 Q; Do you think your goods and debts, together with thofe of Mr. Bolts and Mr. Hare, 
 are loft, fo that you fhall never receive them ? 
 
 A. I don't ex pe6l a farthing. 
 
 Q; Of the j^'. 5,000 you left, what part was In goods, and what in debts? 
 
 A. Rather more in debts than goods. 
 
 Q^ When you left that country, did you look upon your debts as good ? 
 
 A. At that time every one was good. 
 
 Q. What part of Mr. Bolts's and Mr. Hare's property, left behind, was in goods, and 
 what in debts? 
 
 A. As I guefs, rather more in goods than in debts. 
 
 Q. Did you apprehend that their debts were good when you left that country? 
 
 A. They were good. 
 
 Q. Do you know of any goods of Englifh manufadory being fold in Bulwantfing's 
 country ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Do you know of any Englifli broad cloth and copper, or other Englifh com.modities, 
 being fold in Bulwantfing's or Sujahal Dowlah's country ? 
 
 A. I never faw it, but have heard of it. 
 
 Q^ At what time was it that you have heard of Englifh goods being fold in Bulwantfing's 
 country ? 
 
 A. Between 1767 and 1768. 
 
 Mr. Cojamaul's original purwannah was then produced and declared by Mr. Rumbold to 
 be the purwannah ilTued by him when he was chief of Patna — It was interpreted by Gony- 
 fhamdafs as follows ; 
 
 SEAL. 
 
 The Magnificent Merch.ints of 
 the Englifh Company, the Dewans 
 of the Magnificent Provinces of 
 Bengal, Bahar, and OriiTa, Ser- 
 vants of the bold King Shah AUuni. 
 
 The governors, zemindars, chowdries and canongocs, of the diflrids belonging to the 
 province of Ghazipore, which belongs to the great province of Owd, may obferve — Since 
 Gregore, gomaftah, being appointed by Mr. Francis Hare, gentleman, to buy and fell 
 goods, he going into that country, that he may carry on trade for the abovefaid Gentleman, 
 for the fpaceof fix months, it is neccfTary that nobody fhall interrupt him, that he may carry 
 on trade by uprightnefs with an eafy mind j it is ncceflary, that they, having obferved the 
 power of this order, may put it in execution — Dated the 3Cth October 1767, in the 9th year 
 of the King. 
 
 Mr.
 
 [ i63 ] 
 
 Mr. Cojamaul was then afked, Had you ever any warning or noticccithpr from the fervants 
 of the Englilh Company or Bulwantfing, or any of his officers, that you was conductin"- 
 yourfelf improperly, before you was feized and imprifoned ? 
 
 A. I never had any notice. 
 
 Q. Did you think that purwannah gave you authority to trade for Mr. Bolts ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 (^ Had you any purwannah to trade for Mr. Bolts ? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Had you a right to trade for the Englifli without a purwannah ? 
 
 A. 1 had, being a merchant fettled in that country. 
 
 Q. If you had a right to trade without a purwannah, what ufe was there in having one? 
 
 A I was advifed if I did any hufinefs for Englifli Gentlemen to get one — I had liberty 
 and permiffion from the Rajah Bulwantfmg to do bufinefs in that country, and never was 
 molefted ; the rajah and the people were fatisfied. 
 
 Q^ Was Ghazipore part of Bulwantfing's country ? 
 
 A. It was. 
 
 Q. When you came to this kingdom, did you apply to the Eaft India Company ? 
 
 A. I arrived in London the i8th Auguft 1769 — I prefented a petition .to the Court of 
 Dircdlors on the 12 September, and I never had any anfwer — In October the Secretary fent 
 nic a letter that he would be glad to fpcak with me any morning. 1 employed Mr. Bolts 
 becaufel could not talk Englifli myfelf. 
 
 Q_ Did Mr. Vcrelft ever delire you to give him a lifl: of your goods, and fay he would 
 aflilt you in recovering them .? 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. When you carried on trade in Bulwantfing's country, did you ever make ufe of the 
 Englifh name i' 
 
 A. I did not, I had no occafion,becaufe I was a merchant — I traded for Englifli Gentleoien, 
 but did not call myfelf an Englifli gomaftah, nor faid I traded by Englifli authority. 
 
 Thomas Rumbold, efq. being then called, faid, with regard to purwannahs, they are of 
 very different kinds. When they are ilTued in the manner of that produced, for the purchafe 
 of goods, the fervants of the Company have only been intitled to them — They exempt the 
 poflefTor from all duties or impofitions of the officers of the country government, and no man 
 refiding in Bulwantfing's country, without them, or within the provinces, could have car- 
 ried on their bullnefs without being liable to frequent interruption, and demands of duties 
 from the farmers of the diftrifts. 1 believe there has been no Armenians refiding; in Shujah 
 Dowia's country, 'till the influence obtained by the Englifh, and they were after that, in 
 common with other gomaftahs, employed by the fervantsof the Company. It was fome time 
 doubtful whether we had a right to grant thofe purwannahs for the purchafe of goods within 
 his dominions : it had however been for fome time done, and no notice taken of it, probably 
 ■ from Shujah Dowia's being afraid of offending the Englifh after being put in poflefTion of his 
 country. In courfe of time, complaints came that the gomaftahs of the Englifh were guilty 
 of many opprefTions in that country. Many letters were wrote by Shujah Dowla ; fome I re- 
 cci\ed myfelf, and General Smith, who was at the court of Shujah Dowla, often inade re- 
 prelentatK^hs to me how difagreeable it was to the Nabob to have thofe gomaftahs refiding with 
 iwch a protection within his country ; th s occafioned orders from the Prefident and Council of 
 Fort William, that no purwannahs fliould in future be granted ; that all the gomaftahs flipulJ 
 be recalled, and, that when goods paffed the boundaries of the Bahar province, whether be- 
 longing to the natives of Bengal, Bahar, and Orifla, or not, fliould be fubjed to the duties 
 collected by Shujah Dowlah'soflicers from other merchants.— In fliort, that the 'Englifh pri- 
 vilege fliouid be withdrawn 1 believe, that thofe orders from the Prefident and Council were 
 in confequence of fome dire£tioris from home. — All men who had thofe purwannahs were in- 
 titled to particular privileges, and exemption from all duties of the country government. 
 When the orders came for recalling the gomaftahs, fcveral gentlemen at Patna reprefentcd, 
 that they ftiould fuftcr greatly by the immediate recall of their gomaftahs, before thoy could 
 have time to adjuft their concerns, and feveral who made this reprcfentation were indulged 
 with a longer time ; but there appearing no end to that indulgence, another order was lent for 
 their immediate return, and to deliver up their purvyannahs. This order was fignified to the 
 feveral gentlcincn I had granted purwannahs to; many of the purwannahs were redelivered to 
 me. I cannot (peak particularly to the purwannah of thofe Armenians, why it was not 
 given up, or whether the time was elapfed. — Several gomaftahs ftill remained in Shujah Dow- 
 ia's country, and took the names of Englifli -Gentlemen : thrcein particular took my name, 
 and were leized either by Shujah Dowla, or the troops adting under Captain Harper: Mr. 
 Vtrelft, Prefident at Calcutta, wrote to me, that he was furprifed there fhould be men acting 
 forme in that country, when the orders from the Prefidency had fo frequently been repeated 
 againftit. 1 wrote him for anfwer, I was very glad ihey had been taken up, and hoped they 
 Would meet with a due punifliment for acting in my name without any authority from me. 
 Tfie oi;lvgomaft.ahs that 1 kcjit in the country at that time, were for the lervice of the Com- 
 pany, and by pcrmiltion of Shujah Dowlah, to provide timber at a place called Gorruckpore, 
 for building barracks for the troops. 1 never had any complaint from Mr. Hare, who was 
 the fecond at Patna, of thofe people who l>v that purwannah had acted as his gomaftahs, being 
 
 feized.
 
 . [ i64 ] 
 
 fcized.— I cannot recolleft the time, but Mr. Bolts wrote to me, mentioning thefe Armenians 
 being in Shujah Dowla's country, and recommending tome to employ them as my gomallahsj 
 he particularly mentioned to me the advantages that would arilc by carrying on a particular 
 trade by them. I declined employing them. 
 
 Q. At what time did you receive thole complaints from Shujah al Dowla ? 
 
 A. I cannot charge my memory with the particular time. 
 
 Q. Did not Mr. Johnitone prefent thepurwannah now produced, to you feveral d.iys ago, 
 to look at the date, that you might be mailer of the fubjcd ? 
 
 A. Certainly. 
 
 Q; Did you underftand this purwannah was both to buy and fell ? 
 
 A. Undoubtedly. 
 
 Q; By what ftipulation of treaty or other regulation, did the exemption of duties arife in 
 confcquence of the Englifli purwannah in Bulwantfing's and Shujah Dowla's country ? 
 
 Refers back to the former part of his evidence. 
 
 Q^ Do you remember the date when orders were fent to you not to grant any more pur- 
 
 Wannahb ? 
 
 A. I have many copies of tranfailions abroad, which I keep for my own fatisfaction — If on 
 looking over my papers, 1 fliall find the copy of the order, 1 Ihall certainly bring it to the 
 Committee. 
 
 Q^ In what light do you confider Shitabroy ? 
 
 A. 1 conftderSfiitabroy, as a man appointed by theNab .band min'llers, to co]le£t the reve- 
 nues, with the approbation of the Company's agents, as having the dewanny in tfieir polieilion. 
 Q^ VVtio do you conceive theN.iboband mmiflers to be.ppointed by ? 
 A. I believe the Company's records will fhew. 
 CX Have you any belief or knowledge concerning that yourfelf? 
 
 A. I never had the honour of being concerned in theappointnu nt of any nabob or minlfler, 
 Q^ When you was chief at Patna, was Shitabroy under your diredion ? 
 A. No. 
 
 Q^ Was he perfe£Hy independent of your authority ? 
 A. Intirely independent of my authority. 
 
 Q. Do you confider him as a fervant of ttie Eaft-India Company or not ? 
 A. No more than I confider Mahomed Reza Cawn. 
 Q^ Do you confider Mahomed Reza Cawn as a fervant ? 
 A. I confider him as theminirter of the Nabob. 
 
 Q. Does Mahomed Reza Cawn receive his dire(ftions upon the affairs of government from 
 the Nabob? 
 
 A. I never was prefent at any directions that were fent to him. 
 Q. Did you ever fend or give any order to Shitabroy? 
 
 A. 1 never gave an order to him in my life, but I have made many requefts to him as chief 
 of the fadory. 
 
 Q. Was he always fo civil as to grant your requefts ? 
 
 A. He was one of the beft bred men I ever met with, and I never gave him an order. 
 Q^ What would have been the confcquence to Shitabroy, if he had retufed the requeft ? 
 A. If it had been on behalf of the Eaft-India Company, I fhould have reprefented it tj the 
 Governorand Council of Calcutta. — If of a private nature, I muft have fatished myfelf. 
 
 Q. Do you fuppofe, in confcquence of fuch reprefentation, Shitabroy would have been re- 
 moved from his office ? 
 
 A. I fup,.ofe, if it had been any thing that materially alFcdled the interefts of the Com- 
 pany, the Nabob would have fhewed a proper refentment to the officer who had charge of his 
 bufinefs in that province. 
 
 Q; Do you believe Shitabroy would have dared to refufe any requeft coming from you 
 officially as a public officer of the Company, and upon a public account? 
 A. Except the requeft had been very improper, I don't believe he would, 
 Q. Who pays Shitabroy his falary? 
 
 A. He is paid out of the revenues, the fame as other officers employed in the colle£lion 
 of them. 
 
 Q. Who is it that pays him, the Nabob or the Company ? 
 
 A. Certainly the Nabob; he receives it out of the revenues, and makes up his accounts 
 every year to the Nabob, at Murfhedabad. 
 
 Q. Was it paid out of the grofs revenue, or out of the particular revenue affigned to the 
 Nabob by treaty ? 
 
 A. Out of the grofs revenue. 
 
 Q. About what time were thefe purwannahs firft ilTued ? 
 
 A. There were purwannahs iflued before 1 was chief of the fadory, which was in De- 
 cember 1766. 
 
 Q. Were any purwannahs ordered by Lord Clive ? 
 
 A. I don't recolle£t. 
 
 (V Were purwannahs of the fame effecSt as thofe produced, ifTued in Bengal, Bahar, and 
 
 Orifla? 
 
 A. There were, to the Company's fervants, mentioning the name of the gomaftahs em- 
 ployed by them.
 
 [ '6- ] 
 
 Q. CoulJ a gomaftah, acting under fuch a purwannah, fend goods free of duties without 
 a duihick ? 
 
 A. Certainly not — The duftuclc palTes the goods by the difrcrent cuftom-houfes, which 
 are called chokies; but there is a duty upon almoft every fpecies of goods that is paid to the 
 farmer where thofe goods arc manula£lurcd, which the duftuclc has nothing to do with, and 
 which a]l the country merchants are fubjeiit to, but which the purwarinah given to our mer- 
 chants exempts them from, as I have always underftood. I am not fure, whether the duty is 
 paid by the purchaltr or manufiifturer, but which ever it is, the purwannah exempts hitn — 
 1 have traded in Shujah Dowtah's country, in ophium and fome little faltpetre. 
 
 Q. Do they pay duties in Shujah Dowla's country ? 
 
 A. I always traded as a fervant of the Company, and conftqucntly my agents were fur- 
 
 Tii(hed with purwannahs and dultucks, and therefore I cannot fpeak pofitively to the duties ' 
 
 When thofe orders came to me, every gomaftah of mine was recalled. 
 
 Q. Had you ever any complaints againlt Cogee Gregore, Cogee .Velcomb, Cogee Johannes, 
 Padre Rafael, or Ramlunkcr ? 
 
 A. Never particularly ; the complaints that I heard were in general againft the En'jiifli 
 gomaftahs. 
 
 Q. Did you ever hear or know the caufcs for confining thofe gomaftahs ? 
 
 A. I never heard any thing in particular about them. 
 
 Q. Had you ever any con>plaint from any of the princes of the country, while you was 
 chiel at Patna, againft Mr. Bolts i 
 
 A. No; not to my recolledlion. 
 
 The Committee then pioceeded to read part of the proceedings held at a confultation of the 
 l8 May 1768, in Calcutta; at which were prel'ent Harry Verelft, Efiiuirc, Prefident ; 
 Colonel Richard Smith, Richard Bechcr, James Alexander, Claud Ruflcll, William Aider- 
 ley, and Ch.irles Ffloyer, Efquires; as follows : 
 
 *' The Select Committee lay before us the following extraifl from their proceedings o£ 
 
 " the 27th ultimo. 
 " ExtraiS from the proceedings of the Scle£l Committee, the 27 April 1768. 
 
 " This Board being fenfible of the great difadvantages refulting from an immediate recall 
 " of gomaftahs of individuals, at prefent trading in the countries of the Nabob Shtijah al 
 •' Dowla and Bulwantfing, under the faniTlion of the Englifti, it is refolved to allow them 
 ♦' torefide there for the fpace of two months, for the adjuftment of the affairs of their con- 
 •' ftituents, and the colle£liofi of their outftanding balances, and fhall on no account what- 
 " ever be allowed to engage in any new concern, and that they (hall quit thofe countries 
 *' immediately after the expiration of the term limited for their reftdence. 
 
 " And in order to facilitate the adjuftments of their affairs, as well as to prevent the 
 " frauds and other abufcs to which fuch a reftridion might otherwife expofe them; it is 
 
 fuither refolved and agreed, that the Prefident do inform the Nabob Shujah al Dowla and 
 
 Bulwantfing, of thefe injun£lions laid upon all gomaftahs in their countries, and to • 
 
 requeft they will grant them every reafonable afliftance they may require, for the fpeedy 
 " regulation of their concerns. 
 
 " Agreed, that the foregoing refolutions be laid before the Prd'ident and Council, and 
 " that vjc do recommend to them to iffuetheir orders for effedlually preventing, in future, any 
 " trade being carried on beyond the provinces by gomaftahs affuming the Englifti name. 
 
 " A true extradt. (Signed) 
 
 " Charles Ffloyer, 
 " Secretary of the Seleft Committtee." 
 
 *' The fame having been read, and wc concurring in opinion therewith, it is agreed and 
 •' refolved, that after the expiration of two months, from the 27th April, no gomaftahs 
 " employed by the Englifti (hall be permitted to remain in any part of India, out of the 
 *' provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Oriffa ; and after that period, that no Company's 
 " iervant, free merchant, or other European reftding under the Company's protcflion, ftiall 
 ♦' be fulR-red to carry on any inland trade dire(flly or indire£Hy, beyond thofe limits, under pc- 
 " nalty, if aCompany's fervant, of being immediately difmilled the fervice ; if a free merchant, 
 " or other European, of forfeiting the Company's protedlion. And it is further agreed and 
 " refolved, that if any European whatever (hall attempt totranfport any merchandize beyond 
 " the provinces, all fuch merchandize (hall be feized and confifcated, and the gomaftahs 
 •' having charge of fuch contraband trade (h.ill be punifhed with the utmoft: fevcrity. 
 
 " All Armenians, I'ortugucfe, or tho dcfccndants of Armenians and Portugucfe, arc 
 " included in the above rcftriiftions, it being intended that none but the natives of the 
 " country (Muffclmtn and Hindoos) fhaU in future enjoy this privilege. 
 
 " Ordered, That public notice be given of this refolution, and agreed, that we acquaint 
 '- the Gentlemen at the fubordinates of the fame, and fend them a copy of the publication 
 •' made here, that it may be iffued at their refpedlive rcfidcncies alfo." 
 
 Mr. Rumbold was then afked. Do you remember any public orders for prohibiting Arme- 
 ni insi, their defcendants, and others, from tr.iding in Shujah Dowla or Bulwantfing's domi- 
 nions before thccdidof the 18 Mav 1768, which has now been read ? 
 
 A. I do net recollect any, but (hould there have been any order at that time which may 
 have dipt my memory, I hope the Committee will not fuppofe that 1 had any intention of 
 fecreting it. 
 
 Tt Q, 
 
 (( 
 
 «
 
 [ ^66 ] 
 
 Q. Was it not your practice at Patna to enter in a book all your letters of correlpondence 
 with the country powers ? 
 
 A. I believe they moftly were, but 1 have no copies. 
 
 Q. Are thofe books tranfmitted from the fubordinate factories to the Prefidency? 
 
 A. I do not believe the books of country correfpondence have been fo tranfmitted, 
 
 Q. Were thofe general orders for withdrawing the gomaftahs and purwannahs, ifilied by 
 you, entered ? 
 
 A. I believe they are. 
 
 Mr. Cojamaul was then aflced, When you purchafed goods for Mr. Hare, did you pay the 
 duty to the zemindar ? 
 
 A. I know of but one duty, and that goes to the fouzdar or his officers : I never purchafed 
 any thing without paying a duty. 
 
 Q. Why did you not produce the purwannah toexcufe Mr. Hare from paying the duty ? 
 
 A. Becaufe I did notchufe to aft as a gomaftah, but as a merchant; 1 told Mr. Hare, I 
 would not do it. 
 
 Q. Why did you take the purwannah ? 
 
 A. I was advifcd by my friends, but I never ufed it. 
 
 Q. Do you know nothing of any duties whatfoever, from which the producing that pur- 
 wannah would exempt you ? 
 
 A. The force of this purwannah, as I have heard, is to hinder the duty in the Englifh or 
 any other dominions ; but I never made ufe of it ; the duty is trifling. 
 
 Q. Did you charge Mr. Hare with the duties ? 
 A. Yes. 
 
 Q. Why did you, when you had a purwannah thit would have ex'!mpted them ? 
 A. Becaufe I told Mr. Hare at firft, that I would not be employed as a gomaftah for the 
 Englifti, but as a merchant. 
 
 Q. What is the force of the duftuck ? 
 
 A. To pafs the goods by the chokies. 
 
 Q. Is there not a duty paid in the place where the goods are manufactured? 
 
 A. Yes — where they are bought or manufa£lured. 
 
 Q. Have you your account with Mr. Hare? 
 
 A. No, it remains in India. 
 
 Q. Is it any difgrace to be an Englifh gomaftah ? 
 
 A. A merchant is always relpecSled more, and has more credit, than a gomaftah. 
 
 Q. Is a merchant more refpedted than an Englifh gomaftah ? 
 
 A. It is a charadler of more refpecS. 
 
 Qi Did you ever apply to Mr. Verelft for redrefs ? 
 
 A. I never applied myfelf, but my friends did. 
 
 Q. What was their application ? 
 
 A. It was for redrefs. I have heard of no anfwcr from my friends, that they could get. 
 
 Q^ Who were thofe friends ? 
 
 A. Melcomb Philip ; he faid he could get no anfwer. 
 
 Q. Did you ever fend any goods to Mr. Hare ? 
 
 A. I have fent things of little confequcnce, 
 
 Lunae 11® die Maii, 1772. 
 Colonel Burgoyne in the Chair; Prefent, 
 Mr. Johnftone, Mr. Trecothick, 
 
 Mr. Vane, Mr. Ongley, 
 
 Mr. Pultcney, Lord Clive, 
 
 Mr. Strachey, Mr. Pitt, 
 
 Sir G. Elliot, Lord Folkeftonc. . 
 
 The Committee proceeded to read the following cxtraft from a letter of the Governor and 
 Sele£t Committee in Bengal, to the Directors of the Eaft India Company, dated 3ilt January 
 J 766, figned, Clive, Wm. B. Sumner, John Carnac, H. Verelft, and Francis Sykes, viz. 
 
 " To us it evidently appears there remained but the alternative, to advance as we have 
 ♦' done, and grafp at the whole power, or to ftirink back into our primitive condition of 
 " fimple merchants ; to abandon our pofTcfTions, difband our forces, and reft our future 
 " hopes on the clemency of princes, who will not cafily forget or forgive the fuperiority we 
 " have fo long maintained. — In a word, this laft meafure was in itfelf imprafticable ; for 
 *' we muft oblervc, although with much regret, that the mifconduft of individuals hath 
 " rendered the Englifti name fo odious, that we arc no longer fecure, than while our hands 
 " are armed for the defence of our lives and property." 
 
 Read, part of the proceedings of the Select Committee in Bengal, held at Barafut, the 
 31 December 1766, at which were prcfcnt Lord Clive, Harry Verelft, Efquire, Brigadier 
 General Carnac, and Francis Sykes, Efquire, as follows : 
 
 " Mahomed Reza Khawn rcprefcnting to us the great expence which he neceflarily incurs 
 *' in fupporting the dignity and influence of his ftation, an expence which he has hitherto 
 *' defrayed by receiving thofe perqulfitcs and emoluments ufually annexed to his oflice, and 
 " defiring that we will now aflign to him a ftated (alary and provifion, which he thinks will 
 «' prove more honourable to himieif and advantageous to the revenue : 
 
 « And 
 
 I
 
 [ ^6; ] 
 
 c< 
 
 Anii the Committee taking into ferious confideration the grent importance of Mahomed 
 Rpza Kliawn's particulnr (tation, vvliich is that of naib dewau and prime miiiifter, the 
 *' extraordinary zeal and ability he has fhewn in the dil'charge of his office, the expediency 
 " of maintaining him in the full influence due to his rank, and the betielit to the revenue 
 " that will accrue from cutting off all fecret advantages and pcrquifites, which fo evidently 
 " open a door to manifold acts of fraud and oppreffion ; 
 
 " Refolved, That in lieu of all perquifites and emoluments hitherto received by Mahomed 
 *' Reza Khavvn, and the other minifters, agreeably to the cuftom of the country, thereflinll 
 *' in I'uture be afligned for their maintenance and fupport, an annual falary of twelve lacks of 
 " rupees, the fame to be deducted from the monthly colle*Stions, and divided between M iho- 
 " m-d R.-ia Khawn, Roy Dullub, and Shitabroy, in fuch manner and in fuch proportion';, 
 " as ihall be Ibttled by the Right Honourable the frcfident and tiiem, payment t.) commence 
 " on the laft day of January next." 
 
 Read, Part of the proceedings of the Governor and Council at Fort William, in Bengal, 
 dated the loth December 1767 ; at which were prcfcnt Harrv Verclll, Efquire, Prel'ident ; 
 John Carticr, Richard Becher, Claud Ruflc-ll, William Aldcrfcy, Charles Ffloyer, and 
 Alexander Campbell, Efquires : alfopartof the proceedings of a Seleit Committee, held the 
 lith December 1767, at which were prcfent Mr. Verellt, Adr. Cartier, Mr. Becher, and 
 Mr, Campbell, viz. 
 
 Extract of a Letter from Colonel Richard Smith, to the Scleft Committee, dated at 
 Illahabad, the 24 November 1767. 
 •' The nature of the intelligence tranfmitted from Calcutta, by Shujah Dowla's vaqucel, 
 ** is without limits. The Nabob is aimoft as fully acquainted with the parliamentary pro- 
 *' ceedings concerning the Company's affairs as I am. Ilnw far the importance and dignity 
 *' of t e Company, and the weight and influence of the adminiftration,is leffencd in his cltecni 
 " by this communication, may be eaiily conceived. Whilfta vaqueel is fo ready and Co fure 
 •• a channel to communicate intelligence, few men will be found fo hardy as to maintain a 
 direct correfpondence with the Nabob ; but there is a man who has obliquely offered fo 
 great an infult to our Prefident, that was I prcfcnt at the Board, I would move for the exer- 
 tion of our authority to the utmoft extent, to free the fettlcmcnt from fo dangerous an inha- 
 bitant — 1 mcanMr. Bolts, and the inclafed copy of a letter (the original in my poffefTion) 
 to Mr. Gentil, refiding in Sujah Dowla's court, wherein he afferts an abfolute falfchood, 
 *' whicU tends to leffen that effential dignity and neceflary influence of our Prefidenr, is furely 
 *' defervingof your fevereft refentment. Nor is this the only letter he wrote ; for the Nabob 
 ** acquainted a perfon of undoubted honour, that Mr. Bolts had wrote the fame to Meer Mef- 
 " falah (formerly phyfician and confidant of Coflim Aly) from whom the Nabob heard it. 
 " Hereafter I may lay before you other proofs of the extent of the intelligence communicated 
 •* through the vaqueel." 
 
 Letter to Mr. Gentil. 
 « Dear Sir, 
 ** It is a long time fince I heard from you, which has made me a little uneafy. I have long 
 " intended to come from hence to have the pleafure of feeing you, as alfo to pay my relpedls. 
 *• to the Nabob, but my affairs have not as yet permitted me; neverthelefs, it is what 1 hope 
 ** to be able to do in a (nort time. 
 
 " In regard to the fait petre, I hope the difputes on that fubje£l are ended, but it is not 
 " poffiblc for me to abandon my right for the advantage of other Gentlemen, who have no 
 *' other pretenfions than what are founded on iniuftice, and who would take the advantage 
 " of iiiy abfence for to deprive me of the advantage of my contracts, which have exifled 
 ** a long time, and which were drawn out with all propriety andjuftice, conformable to the 
 " cuftoms of merchants. If that had been for the Nabob, it would have been another thing. 
 *' But before I give up the point to Gentlemen who are not in any way my fuperiors, I allure 
 " you, 1 will follow the affair to the laft couit of juftice, where I can have rccourfe. Next 
 " year I will give over all further commerce, but in the mean time, I hope you will help me 
 ** with your aififtance. My gomaftah Goaldafs writes me you had informed him, that Colo- 
 *» nel Barker had wrote letters to flop all my bufinefs, and to drive away my people ; I (hall be 
 " obliged to you for your information on that fubject, for that Gentleman is not auihorifed 
 *' to a£l in fuch a manner. 
 
 *' I have taken the liberty to fend you a letter for Cogee Rafael ; I beg you will deliver it 
 ** to him and fend me his anfwer. I am furprifed the Nabob has not as yet paid (as they 
 •* write me) the amount of the broad cloth which my people fold him ; if that is true, be 
 •* fo good as to reprefent the fame to him. Mclcomb writes me, that he alfo has fcnt fomc 
 " cloth from Dacca to the Nabob's camp : I do not doubt of your favourable affillance for 
 " the fale. I (hall be very glad when you give me an opportunity of rcndciing you any 
 «' fcrvicc here in return for the trouble I have given you. 1 Ihall never be convinced ot your 
 " fricndfliip, unlcfs you give me fome opportunity or other of ttftifying mine ; but you, 
 *' who are a naib fiibah, and immerged in bufinefs, are perhaps above thefe trifles. Let it 
 *' be as it will ; 1 affure you, my dear Sir, that nobody wiflies you better than I do. 
 
 " 1 have wrote a letter to the Nabob, to whom I beg you will give my humble rcfpedts. 
 " There is arrived an Englifh Europe fhi)>, and another French one. 'I'he affairs ofourCom- 
 " pany are in great agitation, and arc laid before the King and Parliament of England, and 
 
 " according
 
 [ i68 ] 
 
 " according to the letters I have received, there is a great likelihooJ that my affbciate Mr. 
 *' Johnftone will come out Governor from the King, 1 {hull be glad from time to time to 
 *' hear from you, who am with a moft perfect efteem, dear Sir, 
 
 " Calcutta, Your moft humble fervant, 
 
 *' the 19th June 1767. William BoIts. 
 
 " P. S. 1 need not recommend Mahomed AfhrufFCawn to your notice." 
 
 Copy of the Prefident, Mr. Verelft's Minute, on Confultation, the 10 December 1757. 
 " The Prefident acquaints the Board, that he fome time fince received information ot the 
 *' improper correfpoiidence carried on by Mr. Bolts, with Shujah al Dowla, Mr. Gentil, 
 *' and many other perfons ; that he defired a gentleman refiding up the country to endeavour 
 " to procure a particular letter written by Mr. Bolts, which he efFedled, and delivered the 
 *' letter to Colonel Smith, who inclofed the fame to the Committee; that he can alTert from 
 *' undoubted authority, that Mr. Bolts continues his corrtfpondence with perfons refiding at 
 *' the courts of the country princes, and with his Armenian agents, endeavourmg by ta'fc 
 " reports and reprefentations to leflen the rcfpeft due to the prelent adminiftration, and to 
 *' dellroy the harmony and confidence fubfifting between us and the powers of Hindoftan. 
 
 " The Prefident is further informed, that Mr. Bolts has an Armenian agent at Fyfabad, 
 *' named Cogee Raphael, another at Banaras, Cogee Melcomb, and a third refiding near 
 *' Ghazipore, by name Cogee Gregory. Through thefe people he ungratefully endeavours 
 " to injure the intereft of thofe, in whofe fervice he raifed an independency: and tliele Aime- 
 " nians, under the characters of Englifh gomaftahs, are ftriving to eftablifli themfelves in 
 *' Shujah Dowla's dominions, upon the footing they formerly were at Murfhi-dabad, not- 
 «' withrtanding the Nabob, on account of Ibme mal-praiSlices, has lately fo'^biddcn them his 
 •' prefente. The Prefident has, however, defired his Excellency to banifli all fach as are tii 
 *' his country, under the pretext of being gomaftahs to the Englifh. 
 
 " Mr. Bolts, whilft he was in the Company's fervice, pro ured a number of duftucks, 
 " pretending he wanted them to pafs his goods ; but he laid them by, unufed, until his re- 
 " fignation of the fervice; fince when he has availed himfelf of them to carry on his trade 
 " dutyfree. The Prefident, upon being informed of it, wrote to the minifters, defiring them 
 *' to iflue orders to the chokies for ftopping all duftucks of a very old date ; a meafure which 
 *' he hopes will put a flop to fo difhoneft and unlawful a proceeding. 
 
 (Signed) " Harry Verelst" 
 The Committee then read a paragraph of a letter from the Seledl Committee at Cai utta, 
 of the 22d December 1767, to Colonel Richard Smith, in anfwer to his letter of the 24th No- 
 vember ; as follows : 
 
 " We much approve of the information you have fent us regarding Mr. Bolts's condu<5t in 
 *' the carrying on a correfpondence with Mr. Gentil, at the court of Shujah Dowia, ancf 
 ♦' have laid the fame before the Council, whofe fentiments, as well as ours, we with pleafure 
 " obferve, entirely concur with thofe you have expreffed on that fubjeift. We requert you 
 " will ufe your endeavours with the Nabob to remove Mr. Bolts's gomaftahs from his domi- 
 •' nions." 
 
 The Committee then read the tranflations of feveral Perfian letters, written or received by 
 Mr. Verelft, to or from the rajahs or nabobs of the country, as ftated on the records ot the 
 Company, together with feveral other letters ; as follow : 
 
 Read, alerter written by Mr. Verelft on the 19 February 1768, to Rajah Bulwantfing, 
 marked B. N° J2. 
 
 " I cannot help being aftoniftied to find, from Colonel Smith's letters, that duftucks and 
 •' purwannahs under theEnglifti name are current in yourdiftricls, and that gomaftahs com- 
 " mit frequent extortions and oppreflions under that fanction. After the plain directions 
 which I gave your vakeel at Murfhedabad, I am very much furprifcJ that you fh' uld have 
 neglected to inform me of thefe practices. I now therefore politively write to you that I 
 will neither grant myfelf, nor fuft'er others to grant, any duftucks with the Englifli fcal, 
 for the conveyance of any goods, to any part of the Nabob Shujah al Dowla's territories, 
 only for fuch neceflaries as may be occalionally going to the army ; and I muft further di- 
 rect you to tranfm it me a copy of all duftucks for neceflaries, the inftant they come to 
 your hands, that no room for evafion or pretence may remain. As I have frequent tom- 
 *' plaints from the Nabob, Shujah al Dowla, that divers people aft'iime the name of Englifh 
 *' gomaftahs, I therefore defire that you would iflue pofitivc orders throughout your diftricts 
 " for all fuch offenders to withdraw themfelves without delay ; and you will immediately 
 *• caufe Choajee Melcomb, and Choajce Gregore, and a Bengally name! Ram Setker, to 
 *' be fent down under confinement to Meha Rajah Shitabrov, for none of thefe people have 
 " any title to refidence within the territories of the Nabob Shujah al Dowla." 
 On a rukah. 
 
 " I am informed thatMonf. Canonge, a Frenchman, is now refident, and carrying on a 
 " trade in French commodities, at Mirzapore. I am aftoniftied that you fliould permit 
 " FVench merchandize to pafs without duties, and French gomaftahs to refide without 
 " authority. I therefore write to you to fend down the aforefaid Frenchman, without delay, 
 " to Patna, and levy the eftabliflied duties. You muft give proper attention likewife, to 
 " prevent any of your people from embezzling the effects and goods which he may leave 
 " behind him." 
 
 Read—
 
 [ i6g ] 
 
 Read — alfo a letter written by Mr. Verclft, on the 27 Feb. 1768, to the Nabob, Shujah al 
 Dowla, marked B. N°. 14. 
 
 <' I am much furprifed to learn from Colonel Smith, that divers people, taking the name 
 " of Enulifli gomaftahs, have been guilty of great violence and extortions in your Excel- 
 " leDcy's country. Of this I w.is before entirely unacquainted, or I \vou!d have endeavoured 
 *' to have remedied it; nor has any one authority from me, nor will I in future give any, 
 " either lor trade or refidence, in yoiir Excellency's country. I muft therefore make it my 
 " particular requcft, that fliould any one take the Englifh naine as a (creen for his mai- 
 *' pradiccs, you will immediately caufe him to be apprehended, and fent hither, that his 
 *' falfi'hoad rnay meet with due punifliment. You cannot oblige me more than by detCvSling 
 " thefe impoftors. I write this lb pofitively and ftrongly, that you may fee how ever attentive 
 *' I am to cutoff all occafion of uneafinefs to you." 
 On a rukah. 
 
 " 1 learn that two Armenians, named Cojah Rafael, and Coiah Eftevan, are rcfident at 
 *' Fizcabad,and carrying on a trade there. As this tribe are of a bad call, and their principles 
 ^' only faliehood and impofition, I requefl: that you will give them no countenance, but 
 ♦' caufe thel'e men to be fpeedily apprehended and fent hither, or ilfue your orders to Captain 
 " Harper for that purpofe. As there is no feparation between us, I doubt not you will objige 
 " me in this matter." 
 
 Ri-ad — alfo the tranllation of an extraifl from an original letter in the bengal language, 
 from the laid Ranifunkcr to Mr. Bolts, as produced by him, dated the 17 .Vlareh 1768; 
 which was proved by Mr. Bolts ; viz. 
 
 Extract of a Letter from Ramfoncore, dated at Chowfah, the 17th March 1768; to 
 
 William Bolts. 
 ♦' What (hall I write you of the news from Banaras i' I have received a letter from the 
 " perfon 1 left at Banaras, dated the fccond Choytro ; he has wrote to me, that a purvvannab 
 *' has come from the Governor of Calcutta, upon the rajah; ordering him to confine under 
 " a guard, whatfoever people of Mr. Bolts's arc in thofe parts, and fend them to Calcutta. 
 *' On this account, on the firft Choytro, a peon of the rajah's came to demand Cogce Mel- 
 " comb and me; upon his not finding me there, he took Cogee Melcomb and confined him. 
 " They were feizing my people who are there, and going to carry them away; but Mr. 
 " Jekyll, and Mr. Alexander's gomaflah, named Soobharam Paulit, who was there, faid, 
 " theie peoplp can give no account of affairs, they are only here to watch the warehoufe; 
 " upon hearing of which, they then dcfifted. After hearing what pafied afterwards, I fliall 
 *' write you the news. If I go to Banaras, they will certainly confine me under a guard ; and 
 " if I am ftigmatized, all outftanding debts, wherever they lie, will vanifh. I therefore 
 " dcfite you will procure and fend a parwannah from the Governor there, upon the rajah, 
 *' that I may remain at Banaras for one month, fettle all outftanding affairs, and come away. 
 *' If th!s is not done, there will be great difficulties. I am your fervant ; what was rcquifite 
 *' I have fet fr rth. Youaremaftcr; whatever is proper, do it quickly. If they carry me 
 " away under the confinement of a guard, it is matter of no Ihamc to me; for I have not 
 •' beat any body, neither have I robbed any body, that I (hould fear to go to Banaras : but if 
 " 1 go, and, with or without juflice, am put into confinement, and fent to Calcutta, your 
 *' buhncfs w II fufFer much, and there Will be lofies. Underftanding this, you will pleafe 
 *' foon to furnifli the necefTary." 
 
 Read — alloaPerfi.in letter from Captain Gabriel Harper ; the tranHation of which was 
 proved by Gonyfhamdafs ; as follows : 
 
 Tranflation from the Perfian, of an original Order, under the Hand and Seal of Captain 
 Gabriel Harper, at Feyfabad, upon the fending Cogee Johannes Padre Rafa^cl Pri- 
 foner, under a Guard of Sepoys, to Colonel Sir Robert Barker, at lllahabad. 
 Diredtcd " to Rafael," fcalcd, " 'Captain Gabriel IJarper." 
 
 " Trufty, among friends, greeting. — I have received and am acquainted with the purport 
 " of your letter about your going — fend your necefl'aries to iuch place as you think bed: ; 
 " and if you yourfelf are ready for going, it is necefTary that to-niorrow morning, two hours 
 " before day -light, you mount and come to me, under charge of Colonel Barker's Sepoys, 
 " that I may lend you to lllahabad. — Thofe, appointed Sepoys only for this, are flaying 
 " with impatience in this place, that they may deliver you to the Colonel, with tliemlelves. 
 " What more fhall I write.' (Signed) 
 
 " GAnRiia, Harpkr." 
 Read — alfo a letter from the Rajah Bulwantfing, to Mr. Vcrelft, received the 22d M»irch 
 1768, in anfwcr to his of the 19th, marked C. N° 98. 
 
 " After acknowledging the leceipt of Mr. Verelfl's letter, (B. N^i?..) your ferv.a;it is 
 *« alwavs devoted to your higli will and plcafurc. Cojah Melcomb, who was in Banaras, is 
 ♦' apprehended, agreeable to vQur commands. People arc already fenttofeize upon Monfieur 
 " Canonje, in Mirzapore. Cojah Melcomb declares that Cojah Gregore has been fomc 
 ♦< time gone to Patna. I have fent proper people in queft of Scnker Churrn, who 1 hear is 
 ^' in tlie diflriits of oha/.eporc, and I will immediately difperfe the purwannahs you liavc 
 *' commanded throughout all my dependencies. Hereafter the particulars fliall be duly rc- 
 ♦' prcfented." 
 
 U u Upon
 
 • [ I/O ] 
 
 Upon a rukah. 
 *' It was fignified that Monf. Canonje is refidcnt at Mirzapore, for the fa!e of French 
 " merchandize, and carries on a trad^- there, and that your I'ervanl permits goods to pafs 
 " without duties, and French gomailahs to nl'iJe without authority. The truth is this, 
 " your fcrvant detained four French boats for the fpace of two months, but a duftucic arriving 
 " at that time from the Vizier Shujah al Dowlah, forbidding any interruption to be offered 
 *' ihem, I fuffcred them to proceed. Now your fervant will execute your orders." 
 
 Read— alfo a letter written by Mr. Verelft on the 27 March 17^8, to the Nabob Shujah al 
 Dowlah, marked C. N° 28. 
 
 " It is with the greateft furprife I learn from certain intelligence, that Mr. Bolts has 
 *' procured from Fyzeabad, copies of a number of letters 1 wrote your Excellency. This 
 *' matter is of the moft ferious moment, and plainly proves there are fome traitors about 
 " your perfon who difcover the fecrets they are intrufted with. As you may certainly depend 
 " upon this, I particularly defire you will make ftrid enquiry into the affair, and punifh ?he 
 *' offenders in the moft exemplary manner — feeing if a perfon of fo little confequence as Mr. 
 "• Bolts can thus penetrate into the fecrets of your corrcfpondence, how much more eafy caa 
 " it be for men of fuperior influence and importance to do the fame ? I again recommend tiiis 
 " matter to your ferious attention, and, as a guide to your enquiry, have fome reafon to be- 
 " lieve that Meer Mufhallah and the Armenians have been the chief inftrument in effe£ling 
 " this." 
 
 Read — alfo a letter written by Mr. Verelft on the 27 March 1768, to the Rajah Bulwant- 
 fing, marked C. N° 31. 
 
 " 1 am lately informed that you have flopped feveral boats, even with military ftores, 
 *' though they had tnglifti duftucks, and have demanded duties from the merchants felling 
 " diamonds, to Mr. Chammier, though he has the Nabob's purwannah to exempt him there- 
 *' from. A refpe£t to the Englifli feal is due from you on all occafions, and whenever there- 
 " fore any duftucks (hall come, you will pafs the boats without delay, and fend a copy of 
 «' the duftuck to me, and I will take care no abufe is made. The Nabob has a ri^ht to your 
 *' obedience in every thino-, and it is therefore a high offence to afl: in contradiction to his 
 *' commands. You will therefore abftain from fuch behaviour, and pay a due regard to all 
 " his orders in future." 
 
 Read — a letter produced by Mr. Bolts, as written by him to Mr. Verelft, dated the 30 
 March 1768 ; viz. 
 
 " The extraordinary intelligence which I have lately received from Oud, Illahabad, and 
 *' Banaras, puts me to the neceflity of troubling you with this letter addreffed to you in your 
 *' public charadler. 
 
 " I am informed from the beft authority and moft fubftantial proofs, that Shujah al Dow- 
 " lah and Bulwantfmg have fcized and confined a number of people under the denomination 
 *' of Mr. Bolts's agents and gomaftahs, not for any caufe of complaint they have againft: 
 " them, butfolely, as they declare they do it by virtue of orders received from Calcutta. 
 
 " The confequence thereof is, that many people, who have all of them no other fault than 
 •' that of having formerly ferved me, have been confined and ill treated, fome wlio are mer- 
 " chants and inhabitants of that country, on their own account; many that are now in the 
 •' fervice of other merchants and Englifli Gentlemen, and fome few who are adually my 
 *« gomaflahs, and have charge of the recovery (and that only) of my outftanding debts, 
 " amounting to about one hundred and fifty thoufand rupees. The conceins of other 
 " Gentlemen, and thofe of the Merchants themfelves, who are thus innocently oppreffed 
 *' in confequence of thefe orders, muft amount to a much more confiderable fum. 
 
 " As thofe who execute them difavow thefe unheard-of z3.s, which would even difgrace a 
 " Moorifti government, lam as yet willing to imagine it muft have been occafioned by their 
 " mifconftruiStion of the orders given from hence. 
 
 " If any aft of government had made it neceffary to feize and bringdown all Englifli 
 " gomaftahs indifcriminately, from the dominions of Shujah al Dowlah, I fliould have no 
 *' reafon to wonder at, or remonftrate to, the proceedings againft thofe who are really my 
 " gomaftahs ; while there would yet be reafon for furprife at the feizing thofe who are not fo, 
 *' and independent merchants. 
 
 " But while your own gomaftahs for diamonds, and others for fait petrc, opium, &c. 
 *' who call themfelves gomaftahs of Colonels Smith and Barker, with thofe of MeflVs. 
 " Rumbold, Ruffell, Alexander, Floyer, Maddifon, Chamicr, and many others, both civil 
 " and military Gentlemen, are not only permitted, but protefted, even with force, in 
 '* carrying on their trade in thofe parts; the thus fingling out mine, with extraordinary z&s 
 " of fevcrity, would fcem to imply, that they have been guilty of fome extraordinary faults 
 *' to deferve it. 
 
 *' If therefore my gomaftahs have been guilty of any miftjehaviour to deferve fuch fevere 
 " orders being iflued from hence, I requcft vou will plcafe to acquaint me therewith, and 
 " who are the tranfgrcffors, that I may immediately dilmils them, and appoint others in their 
 " room, to fupcrinteiid the collection of my balances outftanding. 
 
 " But if it be only a mifunderftanding (on the part of Shujah al Dowla and Bulwantfmg) 
 " of the orders which have been fcnt from hence, I rcqueft alerter to both thofe princes, 
 " that thofe who are my gomaftahs may have the fame protection as yours, and thofe of the 
 
 ' " before- 
 
 i
 
 C 171 ] 
 
 *' bcfore-'mentioneil gentlemen, or of other fubjedb, and mv property be equally as fecure ; 
 *' and, in the mean time, fo well am I perfuaded of their good behaviour, that I will be an- 
 " fvverable (and even, if required, enter into a bond) for the good conduct of all futh as arc 
 " mine, not only for any their acls of tranlgreffion of the laws of Great Britain, but of thofc 
 " of the country government a'.fo; which, as it appears to me all that can be required, I 
 " hope will be latisfactory. 
 
 " In the mean time, whatever may have been the orders from hence, as I am very appre- 
 " hcnfive they may have been occafioned by the mifreprcfcnrations which may have been 
 " made to you by the gentlemen competitors for the fait petre trade, particularly by Mr. 
 " Robert iMaddifon, and his agent, Mr. John Chamier, the former of whom, durin-j- his 
 " viht to Shujah al Dowjah's court, has been trying every method (in confequence of the in- 
 " fluence gained over Shujah al Dowlah, by his poll: in the munfykhaneh) to engrofs as 
 " much as poflible of the fait petre made in that Prince's dominions, it may not be amifs to 
 " give you information of the real flate of my concerns. 
 
 " Having, during my (lay at Banaras, perceived, from the aptitude of that country to 
 " produce fait petre, that great improvements might be there made in that branch ; I ap- 
 *' plied my felf with fome attention to the cultivation of it, and with fuch fuccefs as footi 
 " made it the obje<£t of men more powerful than myfelf. After my quitting Banaras, dif- 
 *•' putes fo n arofe among the competitors, whereby 1 became a very great lofer, notwith- 
 *' llanding 1 was the'only perfon who fatisfied the country government for their duties. Aa- 
 " grieved by thofe proceedings, I addreffed myfelf to Colonel Smith, in a letter fo lon^ ago 
 " as the I jth May J767, to which however I never received any anfwer, owing, as 1 have 
 " reafon to believe, from what I have fince difcovered, to his being a party concerned, who 
 " could not give me redrefs without injuring his own concerns. 
 
 " This fait petre concern was one of thofe of which I formerly gave an account to the 
 *' Sclefl Committee. In the mean time forefeeing, from the behaviour of the different 
 *' go.T.aftahs, that the interelt of the country, and of the Company, would be greatly in- 
 " jured by their quarrels, and apprehenfive that they would in the end occafion complaints 
 " from Shujah al Dowlah and Buiwantfing, of the fame pernicious nature as thofe formerly 
 *' made by Coflim Ally Khawn, and thereby make it neceltary for our government at Calcutta 
 *' to withdraw all gomaflahs from thofe quarters : I fay, apprehenfive of thofc evils, and 
 ** forced by other oppjeflionf, of which 1 fhall hereafter in due time talce notice, I thought 
 *' it bed to withdraw my faid fait petre concerns. 
 
 " And accordingly 1 have totally defifted from the profccution of that branch for many 
 *' ironths paft ; my faid gomaftahs having only charge of the recovery of the outftanding 
 *' debts arifen on laft year's tranfa£lions. 
 
 *' All the reft of my other concerns likewife confift in outftanding debts arifen on the fales 
 " of ihe Company's outcry goods, exported from Calcutta before 1 refigned the fervice, (o 
 *' that my gomaftahs there have not at prefent charge of any purchafes or fales whatever. 
 
 *' Moreover, 1 have the moft authentic proofs in my hands, that during the abovefaid 
 *' tranfadions, the King, the Nabob Sujah al Dowlah, and the Rajah Buiwantfing, were 
 *' perfcdly fatisfied with my carrying on the faid trade, being alfo fatisfied for their duties; 
 *' which makes it HL-edlefs for me to fpeak to the right I had in common with others, either 
 " in the light of a country merchant, a Company's fervant, or other fubjeil refiding under 
 *' the Briiiih government. 
 
 " So that it is hard even to guefs what juft reafons can bo alleJgcd for the prefent im- 
 " prifonmcut of people, under the denomination only of my gomaftahs, by virtue of orders 
 *' from hence, unlefs, as aforefaid, it be in confequence of the mifreprelentations of thofe 
 " Gentlemen who are ftruggling for fait petre, and who (though without foundation) 
 *• apprehend that I may contmue the trade thisfeafon, and thereby hurt their concerns. 
 
 *' Yet even in that cafe, as many others with me are fo immediately concerned, and as rc 
 " is the indifpcnfable obligation of your ftation to watch for the fecurity of the property of 
 " all lubjccti under the prolc£lion of the Briiifli flag in this country, 1 can hardly imagine 
 " th::t oiders would have been iiiued from hence upon the private information of any perfons, 
 " without fiift giving notice, taking meafurcs to fecure the property of the concerned, and 
 " fixing a certain time for transferring the bufinefs to others. 
 
 " Since it is always better to prevent, than redrefs evils, I have chofen firft to apply to 
 " you alone, rather than toaddrefsthe whole Board on fubjciils, which, if fcrutinized, might 
 *' invo've and hurt the bufinefs of many other perfons, cfpccijily as you having the entire 
 " dlredlion of the country corrcfpondence, matters of this nature are beft and moft eafily 
 " rcdicikd by you. 
 
 *' I therefore rcqueft ihe letters before mentioned to Shujah al Dowlah and Bulwantfino- 
 " to rcleaie my gomaftahs (and property if detained) who may be dircilcd, if you think it 
 " nccvfl'ary, to come down, after four months; in which time, I am fare, they will be able 
 *' to collcdt in all outftanding balances. At the fame lime it would be equally as agreeable 
 *' to me that they fliould come down immediately, if you can think of any method of ob- 
 " taining for me either the immediate payment or fecurity for the amount of my balances, 
 •' which are all good, and aftord not the leaft apprelvjiifion of their not being duly recovered. 
 
 " At the fametime it appears practicable to put a ftop to the prefent wranglings about (alt 
 " peuc, in a manner that may be very beneficial to the Company, and at the fame time per- 
 
 " fecUy
 
 [ i;^ 1 
 
 
 »' fe<£tly fatisfy the counti7 government and their ryotts, upon a plan which I would humbly 
 *' recommend tor the Company's intercft, as follows: 
 
 " To contract with merchant? for all the fait pctre that can be made in thofe diftriiSts on 
 *« the Company's account, the faid contractors fatiifying theprmcesof the country for their 
 " duties, and alfo rcferving for them fuch a quantity as they might require tor the uie of 
 " their own houfeholds, and the confumption of their own countries. 
 
 " I will engage to find very refponl'.ble merchants who will undertake to execute fuch a 
 ♦' plan, and engage to deliver, on the Companv's account at Patna, for the firlt year 25,000 
 ♦' niaunds of refined petre, which (hall be near three times finer than that they have geiie.jlly 
 " received from Patna, at a price to be hereaiter ftipulated ; upon which the Company in'gnc 
 " be fure of gaining at lead fifteen thoufand pounds fterling per annum clear, il they w^re 
 " even to fell it again in Bengal. 
 
 " Other advantages, which would Jikewife accrue from fuch a plan, are (ibvious ; the 
 *' foreign companies miijht befupplied with their allowances from this petre, a id our C^m- 
 " pany be thereby freed from thofe large drawbacks on that branch of t'lcir trade. And it 
 " would alfo prevent the French or Dutch from manufacturing it themielves in thofe parts, 
 ♦' which they will certainly attempt whenever the Englifli gomalldhs arc totally recalled. At 
 " the fame time it muft be remembered, that though the gomaftahs of private (Jentlei. cti 
 *' be all recalled ; yet while our armies continue in thole parts, there is a great ri'que, that, 
 " however ftriift the orders of the Board be, fome or other Gentlemen -of influence with the 
 ^* army will find means to evade them, and to engrofs the whole of this article in couf.-- 
 
 quence of their influence over, and the ignorance and fears of, the count y Princes So 
 
 that it does not appear poflible lb advantagcoufly to obviate the evils apprehended by ai.y 
 
 Other than this plan, which i have fubaiitted to your confideration. 
 
 " 1 am. Sir, 
 *' Your moft obedienr fervant, 
 
 (Signed) " William Bolts." 
 
 Read — alfo an original letter, dated the 31ft March 1768, from Mr. V^relft to Mr. Bolts, 
 in anfwer to the foregoing ; viz. 
 
 " To Mr. William Bolts. 
 
 " Sir, I have received your letter of the 30th inftanr, and am to acquaint you that I k ow 
 " of no orders for impeding the bufinefs of your gomattahsin particular, in the d.)iiini.>ns of 
 " Shujah al Dowlah and Bulwantfing. Repeated complaints have been received fro n thofe 
 " two Pr nres ofthe oppreffive conduct of gomaftahs taking the Englilh name, and carrying 
 *' on trade in their countries. The Honourable Company have been pi aled to exirefs tlicir 
 *' orders for the pofitive prohibition to their fervants of all traie whatever in thofe provinces, 
 " and the Prefidency of Fort William haverefolved to put a flop to it in future, by a recall 
 *' of all fuch gomaftahs. How far, or by what right, your gomaftahs can be allowed to 
 *' continue there after the time already allotted you for the adjultment of your concerns, mult 
 " be determined by the government here. I am. Sir, 
 
 " Your mofl: obedient fervant, 
 
 " March 31ft, 1768. (Signed) " H. Verelst." 
 
 Read — alfo copy of a letter from Mr. Bolts to Mr. Verelit, dated the 2d April 1768 ; as 
 
 follows : 
 
 " To Hary Verelit, Efquire, 
 
 " Prefidcntand Governor of Fort William. 
 
 •' Sir, I received yefterday your favour of the 31ft, in anfwer to mine of the 30th pa(t, 
 
 *' acquainting me of your ignorance of any orders having been given refpeJting my gomaitulis 
 
 *' in particular. 
 
 " You muft therefore, I fear, have been grofsly abufed by thofe who penned die Perfian 
 *' letters from hence; for, by authentic copies of them, which 1 have this moment received 
 " from Oud, my gomaftahs are particularly mentioned by name. 
 
 " I cannot perceive upon what principle the government here can undertake to determine 
 " what time (hall be allowed me lor the adjuftment of my concerns in thofe parts ; however, 
 as I have already faid as much, I fhall, without difcufling that point, willingly fubmit, as 
 others do, to every general order ; and, as it is your opinion that the time to be allotted 
 " muft be determined by the government here, I requcft you will inform me of their dctei- 
 " mination, after acquainting them with the circumftanccs I have laid before you, that I 
 " may know what to do. 
 
 " In the mean time I apply to you in the charaiSter of an injured complaining fubjeft, and 
 " requeft letters to the Nabob Shujah al Dowlah, and to the Rajah Bulwantfing, inclofing to 
 " them an arzdadit of my complaints, of which the following is the purport. 
 
 " That Mr. William Bolts having had certain mercantile tranfactions in your dominions, 
 " as he reprelen's with your permiffion, by virtue of purwannahs given by you, and in 
 " confequenceof duties paid, which bufinefs he avers has been tranfacted by his gomatlahs 
 " in the moft peaceful manner, and according to the cuftom of thofe countries ; on wh. Ii 
 " tranlactions, large outftanding balances havearifcn. to the amount of one hundred and 
 " fifty thoufand rupees. That notwithftanding this, the gomaftahs of him, the faid Wil- 
 " liam Bolts, have been lately fei/ed and imprifoned, in a iudJen manner, without any cauli; 
 
 " or 

 
 [ 1/3 ] 
 
 *' or complaint being alleJged, that he William Bolts candifcover; while, at the fame time, 
 " the agents ^nd gom.iltahb of Governor V'crelR, Colonel Smith, Mr. RuH'eli, Mr. Akx- 
 " andcr, -Mr. RumbolJ, and m.iny other Kritifli fubjeifts, are uninoicrtedly permitted to 
 " tranlact their conftituents afla IS. That Air. William Bolts, livin"- under Britifh protec- 
 " tion, isintitleJ to every privilc-e others are intitled to: that, therefore, it is required, that 
 " ihofe his gomaftahs be releafed, and allowed the lame protection, and for the fame fpace 
 " of time, as may be allowed to the gomaftahs of the aforefaid gentlemen, and that fatisfac- 
 " tion be made to him and them, in cafe it be proved that they have been unjuftly imprifoned, 
 " not only in violation of the treaties fubfifting between you and the Englifh, but alfo againft 
 " the laws of Hindoftan, and of nations in general. 
 
 " At the fame time, Sir, fhould it be iniifted that they have merited this treatment I 
 " requett they may be fummoned, after a moderate time to be allowed me, before the Board 
 " of Cah;utta, to have the fame enquired into. But fhould they be enquired into upon the 
 " fpot, I requeftyou will order the enquiry to be poftponed, until either I myfclf can arrive 
 " there, and be prefent, or appoint others. 
 
 " I obferve. Sir, what you inform me, that the Honourable Company have been pleafcd 
 " to prohibit all trade whatever in thofe provinces, and that the Prclidcncy of Calcutta have 
 " refolvcd to put a ftop to it in future, by a recall of all fuch gomaftahs. It is the firft time I 
 " ever heard of it, nor had I the leaft conception of it, knowinjr that even lately you was 
 " plcafed to give a letter to the R.ijah Bulwantfing, in favour of Mr. Alexander's bufmefs 
 " there; however, fuch a prohibition of trade would not affccSme; for as I have before 
 " acqaainted you, I have nothing depending there but the colle*Sion of outftanding debts. 
 
 " 1 am. Sir, 
 
 " Your moft obedient fervant, 
 
 " Calcutta, the 2d April 1768. (Signed) «' William BotTS." 
 
 Read — alfo a letter from the Nabob Shujah al Dowlah to Mr. Verelft, as received by him 
 the 3d April 1768, marked C. N° 118, viz. 
 
 " 1 received your friendly letter by the hands of Captain Harper, and was rejoiced thereby: 
 " it is plain that my friendihip with the Englifh ferdars, and particularly with your Excel- 
 " lency, is firm ; neither docs it need the common phrafes of the world to fet it off. You 
 " alio have (hewn yourfelf fo profufe of favours towards me, that I cannot find any expref- 
 " fions equal to my fenfe thereof. I can only wifh that the Almighty may give our connec- 
 " tion daily ftrength, and our friendfhip hourly warmth. Confidering what you write on 
 *' the fubjccl of the Armenians, as proceeding from your perfect cordiality, I am delighted 
 " therewith: what can be more fuitable to our interefl than that we fhould mutually exert 
 " ourfelves in difarming all fuch as may be the abettors or authors of evil? In the affair of 
 " the fait petre, which was the firft, every inquietude was removed, and every thorn ex- 
 " tractcd at once, by even a momentary adverfion of your Excellency's regard. And now 
 " that you have written concerning Rafael and Eftevan, that matter is done. As they have 
 " feme outftanding debts incurred in the courfc of their bufinefs here, they petitioned ear- 
 " neftly for two or three days refpite to fettle their accounts. After that they will no more 
 *' prelume to refide here. Rajah Bulwantfing has acquainted me with your Excellency's or- 
 " ders about the Armenians in thofe diftridts, and I have inftruited him to pay implicit obe- 
 " dience tu what you (hall fignify on the occafion, as whatever is agreeable to you, cannot 
 " fail of being fatisfactory to me. — For the reft, confidcr me as one folicitous after your wel- 
 " fare, and favour me with frequent accounts thereof." 
 
 Read — alfo the following letter from Mr. Bolts to Mr. Verelft, viz. 
 
 " To Harry Verelft, Efquire, Prefident and Governor of Fort William. 
 
 " Sir, As fome days have elapfed, and I have not been favoured with an anfwer to my 
 " laft letter, which it is of the grcateft confequence for me to have as foon as poflible, to en- 
 " able rr.c to take the nccefl'ary mcafurcs for the fecurity of my property, I requeft you will 
 •' be pleafed to acquaint me what you have determined thereupon. I am. Sir, 
 
 " Your moft obedient fervant, 
 
 " Calcutta, 7th April 1768. (Signed) " William Bolts." 
 
 Read — the following original letter from Mr. Verelft. 
 
 " To Mr. William Bolts. 
 
 " Sir, I have your letters of the 2d and 7th inftant, and am again to repeat to you, that 
 " the relolutions taken, and the orders given, for recalling the Engliflt gomaftahs in the do- 
 " minions of Shujah al Dowlah and Bulwantfing, were general, not particular ; but that as 
 " the names of fuch pcrfonscame to my knowledge, it became necefTary to point them out. 
 
 " I am alfo to acquaint you, that letters have been written, defiring that the gomaftahs may 
 " be allowed to collcdl in their conftitucnts outftanding balances ; what time may be deemed 
 " proper for that purpofe, will be determined by the Committee, which would have been done 
 •' befoie now, had not my iiidifpofition prevented my having a meeting with the Gentlemen. 
 
 *' I am. Sir, 
 " Fort William, " Your moft obedient fervant, 
 
 " April Qth 1-6^. (Signed) " H. Verelst." 
 
 Xx Read —
 
 (C 
 
 [ 174 ? 
 
 Read — the following letters to and from Mr. Bolts ; viz. 
 
 ♦' To Harry Verelft, Efquire, Prefident and Governor of Fort William. 
 
 " Sir, The laft letter you was pleafed to fend me ye(lerday> neither affords the anfwer 
 " which I flattered myTelf I (hould receive to mine, nor reilrefs of the grievances I com- 
 ♦' plained of. The people I have wrote to you about, have been fcnt down under confinement 
 " to Shitabroy, the Company's colle(5tor at Patna, wiio has kept them under confinement. 
 
 " In confequence of your laft letter, I have ordered them back to their ftations, but in the 
 " mean time, as that is not fufficient, I muft requeft immediately three letters : one to Shi- 
 " tabroy to releafe them, one to Rajah Bulwantfmg, and one to the Nabob Shujah al 
 " Dowlah, at leaft to acquaint them of my people's being ordered back, to continue upon 
 " the fame terms as other Engl ifli agents. 1 am. Sir, 
 
 *' Your mod obedient fervant, 
 *• Calcutta, nth April 1768. (Signed) " William Bolts." 
 
 «' To Mr. John Knott. 
 *' Sir, As the multiplicity of affairs upon Mr. Verelll's hands may make him forget the' 
 •' letter I wrote him the nth inftant on the fubje<Sl of my imprifoned agents, and to avoid 
 *' continually troubling him on that fubje£t, I requeft you will on the firft vacant moment 
 *' put him in mind of it, that I may receive the Perfian letters in time, to prevent many un- 
 " expefted and dil'agreeable confequenccs. If you find I am not to expecl thofe Perfian 
 •' letters, a note fignifying Mr. Verelft's refufal will be fufficient; and an anf»ver procured, 
 *' (if poflible, to-day) either in the affirmative or negative, will be eftcemed a favour by, 
 
 " Sir, 
 " Your moft obedient, humble fervant, 
 *« Calcutta, the 13th April 1768. (Signed) " William Bolts." 
 
 " To Mr. William Bolts. 
 " Sir, This moment your letter of to-day's date is prefented me, the purport of which 
 *' rendering it neceffary to be communicated to Mr. Verelft, he defires me to let you know 
 *' that your feveral late letters to him (on the fubjedi of your prefent addrefs to me) as well 
 *' as his anfwers thereto, having been laid before the Seledl Committee, you will receive 
 •' their fentiments thereon from the fecretary to that department. I am. Sir, 
 " Wednefday noon, " Your moft obedient fervant, 
 
 13th April 1768. (Signed) " John Knott." 
 
 " To Charles Floyer, Efquire. Secretary to the Seleft Committee at Fort William. 
 " Sir, Having lately wrote to Mr. Verelft feveral letters regarding his having ordered into 
 *' confinement fundry perfons and merchants, who are my agents and gomaftahs, who, in 
 •' confequence of thofe orders, have been feized in the Nabob Shujah al Uowlah's dominions 
 *' in a fudden manner, by force, plundered, imprifoned, and fent down under confinement 
 " to Shitabroy, the Company's colleftor at Patna, who has there received theni as pnfoners, 
 " and continued them under confinement, whereby I am likely to be a loferof one hundred and 
 *' fifty thoufand rupees, exclufive of the lofs accruing to thofe injured perfons in particular ; 
 " in anfwer to thofe my applications, I am now referred to the Secretary of the Sele£l Com- 
 *' mittee for their determination thereupon. I therefore apply to you, and requeft you will 
 " pleafe to fend me, without lofs of time, a copy of fuch procedings as concern me, particu- 
 *' iarly mentioning the members prefent at this tranfaftion. As one hour's delay may be of 
 *' the moft ruinous confequence to my aftairs, I hope you will excufe my earneftnefs. 
 
 " I am. Sir, 
 
 " Your moft obedient fervant, 
 " Calcutta, 13th April 1768. (Signed) " William Bolts." 
 
 " To Mr. VVilliam Bolts. 
 Sir, The opinion of the Seleft Committee on the fubje£t of your letters to the Go- 
 vernor, fhall be made known to you as expeditioufly as may be in my power to tranfmit it 
 to you. I m. Sir, 
 
 " Your moft obedient fervant, 
 13th April 1768. (Signed) " Charles Floyer." 
 
 A Letter from Mr. Verelft to the Rajah Bulwantfing, written on the 14 April 1768, 
 
 marked C. N" 32. viz. 
 <' The Nabob Shujah al Dowlah had fo frequently and ftrongly complained of European 
 gomaftahs refiding in his territories, and particularly within your jurifdi(5tion, that I could 
 not refufe my content and encouragement in getting them withdrawn. My laft letter was 
 therefore meant to cut off, if polfible, all future caufcs of complaint againft our gomaftahs, 
 and to quiet the uneafinefs of our ally the Nabob, by my zeal for the cafe and happinefs 
 of his country. You had made particular objcdlions to the conduifl of Monf. Canonge be- 
 fore, but it aftoniflies me to hear the rigour with which you have treated him, in hurrying 
 *' him away without a moment's refpite to fettle his concerns. Monf Chevalier, the French 
 " governor, has himftlf large concerns in Alonf Canongc's hands, which are now at ftake, 
 •' and he has given me fuch an account of your feizing, imprifoning, and mal-treating him, 
 *' that I cannot conceive anv provocations could juftify, or anv confequenccs arife from it, 
 
 " but 
 
 cc 
 
 ((
 
 [ 1/5 ] 
 
 " but enormous lofles of private property without benefit to the country. I muft therefore 
 •' defire of you to purfue thefe matt-.TS with another temper, and more moderation; and as 
 " Mr. Chevalier has engaged hinilelf rcMponfible for Monf. Canonize removing all future 
 •' dealings in that country, and Monf. Canonge has given protelbtions to the fame purpofe 
 " himfelf, you will grant him a month's indulgence for the adjullmcnt of his .former con- 
 " cerns, feeing he is to contract no new engagements during that time. 1 am further iii- 
 " formed that you are colleiling duties upon all goods which have been formerly tranfported 
 " into your diftridls ; I really can fee no reafon for this, unlcis you mean to make ulc of 
 " public pretences for your private emolument ; and, as I wifh rather to lerve our ally Shu- 
 " jah al Dowlah really and efl'cntially, than gratify private interelt or private paffions, i 
 " dcfire you will delift from this pradtice in future, and facilitate, as much as in your power, 
 " the conclufion of concerns now exilHng, and no more exacl duties on goods cither boui^hc 
 " or fold in yourdiftrifls before this time." 
 
 Your Committee then read part of the proceedings of a Select Committe held at Fort 
 WiJliam in Bengal, on the 15th April 1768, at which were prefent Harry Verelft, ILluuire, 
 Prefident, John Cartier, Richard Bccher, and Charles Fioycr, Efquires ; viz. 
 
 The Prefident lays before the Committee the late corrcfpondi.-nce between him anJ Mr. 
 ^Vll!iam Bolts, on the fubje<5l of the latter's concerns in the countries of Shujah Dowlah and 
 BuKvantlmg, and requefls that the two following paragraphs of Air. Bolts's lc;ter to him 
 under date the 2d inflant, may be recorded upon thele proceedings, as in one of them he 
 acknowledges what the Prefident has long fiiice had intimation of, his carrying on a corre- 
 fpondcnce with the princes and others of the country; a circumftance which he, the Prefi- 
 dent, deems highly detrimental to the intereft of our honourable employers, and an abfo- 
 lute defiance of their orders. 
 
 Extract of a letter from Mr. WilUam Bolts to the Prefident, dated the 2d April 1768. 
 
 " I received yellerday your favour of the 31ft, in anfwer to mine of the 30th paft, ac- 
 " quainting me of your ignorance of any orders having been given refpcdling my gomaftaha 
 " in particular. 
 
 *' You muft therefore, 1 fear, have been grofsly abufed by thofe who penned the Perfian 
 " letters from hence; for by authentic copies of them, which I have this moment received 
 *' from Oud, my gomaftahs are particularly mentioned by name." , 
 
 The Prefident al:o acquaints the Board, that in his reply to Mr. Bolts's lafl letter to him 
 he referred him to the rcfolutions of the Select Committee, before whom he propofed to lay 
 his correfpondence for their confideration; in confequence whereof the fecretary received 
 two letters from Mr. Bolts, dated the 13th and 14th inftant, which are now produced and > 
 read. The fecretary begs leave to obferve, that the lalt letter he received was in reply to one . 
 he wrote to Mr. Bolts, afTuring him that as foon as the Committee came to any refolutioa 
 concerning him, he fhould be made acquainted therewith. 
 
 Ordered, That the two letters from .Mr. Bolts be entered after the proceedings, and that 
 the following letter be wrote to him from our fecretary. 
 
 " To Mr. William Bolts. 
 *' Sir, I am directed by the Sele<£t Committee to inform you, that they, nor the Prefident, ' 
 " know of no orders fur the confinement of any of your gomaftahs. That roprefentations 
 " from Shujah Dowlah and Bulwantfing have made it neceiVary for the Committee to deter- 
 •' mine on the recall of all gomaftahs taking upon them the Englifh name in their countries. 
 " That they think you have no right to call upon them on this occafion, having lon-j- fincc 
 " had the ufual time allowed you for theadjuftment of all your concerns, havinc^ already beeh 
 " ordered to leave the country, and atlvifcd that no further protection would be t^iven you. '' 
 " The Committee arc thcretbre determined not to interfere, or in any fhape charge them-' ' 
 " lelves with any of your concerns. I have laid before them your letters to me under dates 
 *' the 13th and i4thinflant. 1 am. Sir, .. " 
 
 " Fort William, " Your mod obedient fervant, 
 
 " 15th April 1768. (Signed) " Charles Floyer, 
 
 " Secretary of the Seledt Committe." 
 
 Read — alfo the fi)llowing letters to and from feveral perfons ; viz. 
 A Letter from Shitabroy to Mr. Verclft, received by him the i6th April, 1768, marked 
 
 ,C. N°. 134. 
 
 " Your fcrvant, with all faithfulnefs, is at no time wanting in the difcharge of your high. 
 " commands; but may it pleafe your Excellency, when the Nabob Mahomed Rcza Cawn 
 " was in Calcutta, and the aflair of Carruchporc was taken notice of in your conferences, 
 " your fcrvant imagined you would have ifl'utd your gracious orders on the fubjeiSt to hjgrj. 
 *' It is true, thcaftairis fettled, but your fervanthas not been honoured with your illuftrious 
 " letter concerning it. For fome days there have been two officers ftationcd, one at Moncr 
 " on tlic Dcwah, the other at Choufjh, for the examination of Knglilb boats and the 
 " tlullucksof the Company ; and the Colonel informed me that your FL.xcellency's orders had 
 " b en fignified to your fcrvant for the ftationing deputies, on the part of the Government, in 
 " tiiC fame places ; but your fcrvant made anfwer, that your orders on that head had not 
 " reached him. Thirdly, your fervant has received advice from Rajah Bulwantfing pf your, 
 " directions for his feizing on the perfons of Coja Melcomb and Gregory, Armenians, and 
 " Monf. Canonje, a Frenchman, and conveying them down to your fcrvant ; neither have 
 
 " you
 
 [ '76 ] 1 
 
 cc 
 
 cc 
 
 << 
 
 (C 
 
 honoured your fervant with any intimation of this. As thefe three high commands, all 
 relative to your fervant, have bet n iflucd without his receiving any diredt orders from your 
 " Kxceliency, fo that he might be duly informed and ready in the execution thereof, he there- 
 " fore humbly defires your Excellency would apprifc him of your venerable commands, and 
 " not fubjeiit him to fuch difagreeable alternjtives in future. It is highly neceflary for your 
 *• Excellency to incline your attention hereto." 
 A Letter from Mr. Verelfl: to the Nabob Shujah al Dowlah, written the 26th April 1768, 
 
 C. N°34. 
 " I am forry to inform your Excellency, that in confequence of my letters to you con- 
 " cerning the Englifh gomaflahs and your orders thereupon, I find your officers have exercifed 
 " a feverity beyond what either of us intended. They have feized and fent aw;iy many, 
 •' without allowing them the fliorteft time to adjuft their affairs, and others, from this kind 
 *' of treatment, find it impofliblc even to receive the debts lawfully due to them. As thofe 
 " lolTes muft fall heavy on many individuals, I think it but juft to requeft your Excellency 
 " to indulge them with two months licence, to withdraw their effccls and fettle their affairs, 
 *' and at the fame time give fuch orders to the officers of your dominions, that they may lend 
 *' them all affiftance for the more fpeedy difpatch of this matter. In the mean time, Qiould 
 *' any of them mifbehave or interfere in any thi.ig regarding your country, I requeft you 
 *' would order Mr. Rumbold to be made acquainted with it, as he is nearer than myfelf, and 
 *' as he is a Gentleman in whofe juftice I have the moft perfe(5l reliance, he will punifh thenn 
 " in the moft exemplary manner. For this purpofe he has full inflruflions from me." 
 A Letter from Mr. Verelft to the Rajah Bulwantfmg, written the 26th April 1768, 
 
 marked C. N° 35. 
 I before wrote, that the gomaftahs of the Englifli Gentlemen fliould be allowed, as 
 before, to difpofe, duty free, what they had imported, or to carry away goods they might 
 have already provided I now acquaint you that it is determined that they fhall be allowed 
 *' two months from the receipt of this, for the fettling their affairs ; and 1 dcllre you will 
 " afford them every affiftance herein, that the bufinefs may be fpeedily brought to an iffue. 
 *' In this interval, (hould you have any caufe of complaint againft any gomaftahs, you will 
 *' reprefent it to Mr. Rumbold at Patna, and he will give you immediate redrefs." 
 
 A Letter from Mr. Francis Hare, fecond in Council at Patna, to Mr. Bolts, dated the 
 
 19 April 1768, which was proved by Mr. Bolts; viz. 
 •' I have received your favour of the loth inftant, inclofing a letter for Ramcantobofe, 
 " which I immediately fent him, acquainting him with your inftruflions relating to Mel- 
 *' comb and Gregory, though I do not fee what tffeU they can have, as they cannot be 
 *' releafed but by the power that confined them. They both left this place fome time ago, 
 *' and muft have arrived at the city, I think, long before this, fothat their enlargement muft 
 *' be obtained by you. As forme, as I was ordered to deliver them up to Shitabroy, under 
 " pain of forfeiture of the fervice, though not permitted to put that order in execution (for 
 •' they were fent here prifoners by Bulwantfmg) I think I cannot venture on a further ap- 
 *• plication." 
 
 " P. S. I anfwered your two favours of the 5th and 26th ult. the 4th inftant." 
 A Letter under the Hand and Seal of Cogee Abraham, a very principal Merchant at the 
 City of Murfhedabad, to Mr. Bolts, dated the 4 Zelhedge, which was proved by Mr. 
 Rafael and tranflated by Gonyfliamdafs ; viz. 
 
 After the ufual compliments. I received your favourable letter, with one inclofed for 
 Moyeen Dowla (Mahomed Reza Khawn) and one for Rajah Dullubram, on Monday 
 the 30th Zilcade, at eight in the evening; and you defire that I will learn from them and 
 write you the particulars or reafons of Cogee Mclcomb's being imprifoned. Kind Sir, I 
 delivered the letters to the faid Nabob and R:ijah. The Nabob read the letter, but I have 
 not got an anfwer ; the faid Cogee Melcomb has been difpatched from up the country, in 
 the morning or evening he will certainly arrive. After his arrival I fhall write to the 
 '•'' Committee, and will fpeak to you conformable to the orders which I may receive from 
 " thence. The Rajah gave for anfwer, that he knew nothing of the affair, and I myfelf an\ 
 " certain that he knows nothing about it. As foon as I receive the Rajah's anfwer I fliall 
 " forward it — And when Cogee Melcomb arrives here, I fhall not be deficient in friendfhip 
 " towards him, and he (hall not find trouble — I am remcdilefs, I have no more in my power. 
 *« What fhall 1 write more?" 
 
 Tranflation of Part of an original Letter, under the Hand and Seal of Cogee Abraham, at 
 
 Murfhedabad, dated the loth Zilhedge, to William Bolts, proved by Gonyfliamdafs. 
 " On the 8th of this month Cogee Melcomb arrived in town, and he waited on the Nabob' 
 " Moyeen al Dowlah Bahader. The faid Nabob ordered the coming down of Cogee Mel- 
 •' comb in the garden called Ferrahbag. He is in the faid garden, but is under a guard. 
 " My Sir, it appears that the faid Nabob is waiting for the orders of the Committee, that he 
 " may do according to the order whatfoever comes from thence. If Mr. Hare fhall fpeak in 
 " the caufe of his deliverance, I fuppofe the deliverance will appear foon, becaufe tlie faid 
 " gentleman is mafter of the bufinefs. This is the fubje£l which is written to you, for to 
 " giveyou the knowledge of it. What (hall I write more r" 
 
 A 
 
 <c 
 
 cc 
 <c 
 cc 
 cc
 
 [ ^11 ] 
 
 A Letter from Mr. Bolts to H^rry W-relft, Efquiri, PrefiJcnt; John Carticr, Richard 
 Becher, James Alexander, Claud Riiliell, William Ajderfey, and Charles Ftoyer, 
 t(quires. Members of the Council for the Affairs of the Honourable the United Com- 
 pany of Merchants of tngland, tradiivj;to the Eaft Indies. 
 " Gentlemen, I have been now thirteen days waiting for an anfwer to my applicarioh to 
 *' your Board ot the i8th April, rcrardiiig nw imprifoncd agents. They have nnw been 
 " forced down to Morfhedabad, where they arc alio kept under ftridt confinement, whereby, 
 " cxclufive of the lofles accruing to mc, not only their property and chara£lers, but their 
 " lives alfo are endangered. In anfwer to the applications which have been made to the Na- 
 " bob, he fays he is waiting for your orders from Calcutta refpefting them. 
 
 " As they arechriftians, men of fubftance, and good character, houfeholders of Calcutta 
 " and in every way intitled to the protcilion of the Britifh laws, it is incumbent on me, la 
 " whole fervice, and on whofe account, they innocently fufFer thofe evils, to repeat my repre- 
 " fentatlons to you on their behalf ; at 1 call fo far, that though they lofe their property as 
 " well as mc, they may yet efcape with their lives, and thereby have an opportunity, by their 
 *' future in.luifry, of preferving their families from utter ruin. 
 
 " Thus far I petition on behalf of thofc innocent and opprefled merchants. 
 " With refpect to the redrefs which I myfelf have required, by your lon^ filence on fo 
 " important nd delicate a point, it is beyond a doubt, that you, Gentlemen, mean to avow 
 " the proceedings of your Prefidentand Select Committee, as referred to in my addrcfs of the 
 " i8th April, and to give me no redrefs : however, I rcqueft the favour you will let me be 
 " acquainted with your refolution by letter, in the manner ufual on applications to your 
 " Board, efpecially as I have a right to expeft fuch a formal avowal of public refolutions 
 " wherein 1 am fo much intercfled. lam, Gentlemen, 
 
 " Your moft obedient fervant, 
 " Calcutta, 2d May 1768. (Signed) " William Bolts." 
 
 Your Committee then proceeded to read part of the proceedings of the Governor and Coun- 
 cil of Calcutta, at a confultation held on the 4 May 1768, as follows. 
 
 " Mr. Bolts fends in aletter repeating his reprefentations to us in behalf of his imprifoned 
 " agents. 
 
 " Ordered, That it be entered after the confultation. 
 " Colonel Smith delivers in the following minute. 
 
 *' Colonel Smith having perufed the proceedings of the Seleft Committee, as well as the 
 " refolutions of the Council, concerning Mr. Bolts, he now takes this firft opportunity of 
 " exprelTing in perfon to the Board thofe fentiments which he wrote to the Committee in 
 
 " his letter of . 
 
 *' It appears from the confultations of the 5th November 1767, that you determined to re- 
 <' peat the former orders for Mr. Bolts to proceed to England, and that in cafe of difobedi- 
 " ciicc to thofe orders, and contempt of your authority, that his perfon fhould be feized, and 
 *' fcnt homeprifoner in one of the lliips of the laft feafon. 
 
 " I have carefully examined your records, in order to difcover if the poflrerior corrdCuEl of 
 •' Mr. Bolts had been fuch as to induce you to poflpor.e or annul your former refolution, 
 *• but I find your refolution flands unrevoked and unexecuted. 
 
 " It appears alfo from the proceedings of the Sele»5t Committee, that Mr. Bolts, ever 
 " 'iwviz this your refolution of the 5 November, has been correfponding with the country 
 " powers. 'Ehis correfpondence is wifely and cxp'refsly prohibited to individuals by the 
 *' orders of our honourable maflers. 
 
 " If you had not already entered into a refolution of fending Mr. Bolts tol^^uropc, moft 
 •' undoubtedly I would have made fuch amotion; but when I read an unanimous decree of 
 " your board for taking fuch mcafurcs on this occafion as appears abfolutely nccedary for the 
 " public fervice, I cannot but conjiire you, Gentlemen, to fupport the dignity of govern- 
 " ment, by enforcing obedience to your ovvn refolutions; for fhould we fuffer Mr. Bolt^ 
 ", with impunity to bid defiance to your authority, the confequences are fo very obvious,' that 
 " to nif:nuon them is unnecefl'aiy. I do therefore move that the refolution of the 5 Novem- 
 ♦' ber J 767, fliall be carried into execution, and in cafe of difobedience to your orders on 
 ♦' the part of Mr. Bolts, that he {hall pofuively be fent prifoner to Europe in the firft ftiip 
 " which {hall be difpatched from this Prefidency. Signed Richard Smith;' — Fort WlUlam, 
 " the 4. May 1768. _ ' ,' 
 
 •■ The Boaid ftill adhere to their former refolution of fending Mr. Bolts to England. It 
 " is therefore agreed and refolved that he {hall be fent to Europe, by the firft {hip that is 
 " difpatched this feafon." 
 
 Read a letter from Mahomed Rhe2a Khawn to Mr. Verelft, received by him the 3d May 
 1768, maikcd C. N° 146, viz. 
 
 " Acknowledging the receipt of Mr. Verelft's letter (C. N° — ) concerning Monf. Ca- 
 *' nongf, and iiiclofing copies of the purv^annahs figned by Mr. Rumbold, which the Ar- 
 '■ menians lent down by Buiwantfing, had, as gom.iltahs to Mr. Hare." ■ vi!:i'.f 
 
 Read purtof a letter liom Shujah al Dowlah to Mr. Vcrclft, received by him fht; i^th Kfay 
 1768, marked C. N° 161. — viz. 
 Upon a rukah (or poftfcript). 
 " In regard to fecrets being betrayed, and your letters expofcd which you wrote mc con- 
 
 Y y cerning
 
 C '78 ] 
 
 *♦ cernlno- the cafe is this, That from thefirft till now we never correfponded on any fecret 
 •' except the affair of the Viz,irate, and my being invefted with the privileges thereof, 
 *' and upon this fubjeft I have received divers of your letters; belides this, no other fubje<ft 
 *' has been wrote upon; the friendly diligence you have uied in this affair, and the frequent 
 " correfpondences we have had on this fubjedl being notorious ; I do I own frequently enlarge 
 " on yourgoodnefs and favour in public, on your taking fo much trouble for your friend ; 
 *' but it is impofTible, and God forbid that the fecrets of the Company and Council (hnulJ 
 *' be difcovered, either in pafl or future; whatever letters I receive from you, after having 
 " read them in private, I feal them up and keep thtm with all care: I do not underftand in 
 " what manner you have wrote me this, I have taken an obligation from Meer iVIufhallah 
 " on this matter, and have fent it by the hands of Captain Harper, who will tranfmit it to 
 " you. You will make due enquiries from Mr Bolts, who is with you on the fpot, and 
 *' get the copies of the letters from him which he fays he has in his polfeffion. If it is 
 ♦' proved on Meer Mufliallah, he fhall be punifhed according to the obligation I have fent 
 *' you from him, and I have alfo given pofitive orders, that nothing concerning the affair of 
 *' the viziratc, or other matters, fhall be made known to any one. Seeing what necJity is 
 " therefor others to be made acquainted, I will enforce thefe orders, and you will make the 
 *' ftrideft enquiries ; for if Meer Mufliallah (hall have heard any thing concerning the aff.iir 
 *' of the vizirate which is on foot, and wrote the fame, I will punifh him alfo tor that^ what 
 *' bufinefs has he with it, and why (hould he write about thefe things ?" 
 Upon arukah (or poftfcript) 
 
 " I havejuft received intelligence, that Coflim Ally Cawn has taken his leave of the Ro- 
 •' hillahs, and intends going to the Decan ; though I don't think it pra£licable to get him 
 " into our hands, yet 1 think he might be eafily cut off. Caution and care is neceliary in 
 *' I'uch cafes ; for it is notorious Coflim is a complete villain, and fhnuld he go there what 
 " difturbances will he not raife ? It is a proverb, that an enemy fnould be never confidered as 
 *' weak; whatever you (hall write me on this fubjeci, as yours and the Council's determina- 
 " tion, I will atSt agreeably thereto, but a fpeedy and determined anfwer is neceffary." 
 Tranflate of Meer Mu(h.illah's Obligation, fent by Captain Harper. 
 
 " IMeer Mulhallah, finding that divers evil-minded people have reported that I fent copies 
 *' to Mr. Bolts, of the letters which come from the Englifh ferdars to his Excellency the '^'a- 
 *' bob Vizire, (whom God long preferve) and as I never even took a letter of the En_Jnh 
 •' ferdars in my hand, much lefs could be acquainted with the purport of them, or take co- 
 *' pies, do therefore agree, and here by thefe prefents covenant, that if this thing (hall be 
 *' proved, that I have fent copies of the letters of the Engl i(h ferdars to Mr. Bolts, or any 
 *' other; or if ever I difcovered to any one, any iecret communicated by his fcxcellenry to 
 " me, I ftiall be deemed guilty before his Excellency. If any letter under my feal appears 
 •' concerning the aforefaid matter, let his Excellency deftroy me and my family, and punifh 
 " me as a guilty perfon ; and, if this is not proved, let the evil-minded be put to death, that 
 " fuch wicked and abominable people may take warning : I have therefore (Meer Mufhallah) 
 •' given thefe prefents as an obligation, this ninth day of Zihijah, in the year ofHigiry 1187." 
 
 Read — alfo a petition of the relations of the Armenians, as addreffed to the Governor and 
 Council of Fort William in Bengal, dated the 15 May 1768, proved by Mr. Bolts, viz. 
 
 " To the Honourable Harry Verelff, Efquire, Prcfident and Governor, &c. Gentle- 
 " men of the Council at Fort \\ illiam. 
 *' Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 " We the fubfcribers to this humble addrefs, relations of Cogee Malcum Phillip, and 
 " Cogee Gregore Cojaumaul Caulder, beg leave to reprefent to your Honours, that our faid 
 " relations have, for I'lX or fcven years part, been conitantly employed by different Engliih 
 " gentlemen in the Honourable Company's fervice, as agents in the tranfaclion of their mer- 
 " cantile affairs, with honour and credit to themfelves, and to the fatisfa£lion of their em- 
 " ployers, without having ever interfered in any affairs of other nature than mercantile, on 
 *' the tranfadtion of which they were latterly left by their conftituents to conclude and eol- 
 " ledt in their outftanding concerns in the diftriiits of Banaras, Patna, &c. That they have 
 " been lately feized by force, and have now been kept in great dilfrefs under confinement by 
 " the Nabob and his officers, firft at Patna, and now adually at Muxadavad, ever fmce the 
 «' thirty-firft March paft, without the leafl caufe for complaint that we can difcover: that, 
 " by the faid confinement, the prifoncrs are expofed to great diftrcfs, lofs of their health or 
 *' lives, the ruination of their families, and of us your Honours, &c. humble reprefcntants : 
 " that, on applications which have been made to the Nabob for their releafement, he refufcs 
 " to grant it without exprefs orders from your Honour, &c. which makes us extremely 
 
 " forry
 
 [ 1/9 ] 
 
 " forry andapprehenfivc left they fliould have jiiftly incurred the difple.ifure of your Honour* 
 
 " &c. In the mean time we humbly beg leave to rciirdcnt, that fhould they have been 
 
 " guilty of any mifdcmeannrs, we arc ready to give fuch fecunty, cither for monev, or their 
 
 *' appearance when called tor, as the Nabob can jullly require, or to your Honours may ap-' 
 
 " pear reafonable ; and, as they are houfcholders of this city of Calcutta, and have lon^ cn- 
 
 *' joyed the benefit of the protection of the Honourable Company, to whofe inte.eft we will 
 
 ♦' venture to affirm they never acted contrary; we therefore humbly hope your Honours 
 
 ♦' will pleafe to grant an order fur their releafement, which will be a lading obligation con- 
 
 " fcrrcd on. Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 " Your mod faithful, and devoted fervants, 
 
 " Mother — Mary Cojamaol Calder, _ Of 
 
 " Wife — Catharine Gregory c Cogee 
 
 " Brother — Z achariah Cojamaul Calder £ Gregory. 
 
 Uncle — AviATT Marcar -^ Of 
 
 cc i>„i .• f AviattCalder C Cogee 
 
 " Relations ■< . ^ C m « 
 
 (^Arratoon Calder 3 Melcomb. 
 
 " Calcutta, the 15th May 1768." 
 
 The Committee then read a proteft on the part of Mr. Bolts againft the Governor and 
 Council of Calcutta, for all lolTes and damages confequcnt of their imprifonment of the 
 Arm*»nians, as the fame was prefcnted by John Holme, notary public, to the faid Governor 
 and Council, and (lands recorded on their proceedings of the 18 May 1768. 
 
 Read — alfo the tranflation of a letter from Shitabroy at Patna to Mr. Bolts, dated the 
 9th May 1768, the original of which being produced was proved by Gonyfhamdafs as 
 follows : 
 
 " After the accuftomed Perfian compliments. The receipt of your mofl: favourable and 
 " friendly letter gave me great pleafure and fatisfaiStion, therein you write me that Cogee 
 " Melromb and Cogee Gregory, your gomaflahs, had wrote that I had imprifoned them 
 •' and fentthcm down to Murlhedabad, and you requeft to know what crimes they had com- 
 *' mitted to merit fuch puniftiment : favourable Sir, the Rajah Bulwantfmg, under guard of 
 *' hiis own people, fent Mmfieur Canonge, a French Gentleman, Cogee Melcomb and Cogee 
 *' Gregory, down from Mirzapore and Banaras to me, and at fame time wrote to me, 
 »' that! muft fend them down to Murfhedabad in the very fame manner as they were brought 
 *' to Patna; according to the writing of the faid Rajah, Monfieur Canonge, the French 
 " Genik-man, with Cogee Melcomb and Cogee Gregore, were difpatched to Patna. At 
 «' that time it was not known to me that the faid Cogees, kind Sir, were your gomaftahs." 
 Conclu 'cs with the ufual compliments. 
 
 Read — alfo the tranflation of a letter from Juggutanund, a man of great confequence at 
 the city of Murfliedabad, to Mr. Bolts, dated tlie 24th May 1768, the original of which 
 was produced and proved by Mr. Bolts; viz. 
 
 " On the 2d of the month Joyftce, I received your favourable letter of the 31(1 of By- 
 *' facck, and am acquainted with the contents, and perceive, that on account of two of 
 " your gomaftahs, who have been imprifoned and fent here, you had written a letter to the 
 " great Nabob (meaning the Nabob upon the throne, in diftiniflion from the acting Naib, 
 ** Mahomud Reza Khawn) of which you inclofe me a copy: after informing myfelf of 
 *' every particular, I fent the letter by a trufty perfon of my own to the Nabob, with the 
 " ncceflary refpe£ts and greetings on your part : two days after, he faid, I do not knov/ 
 " what anfwcr I can give to this letter; I have no people I can truft ; who can I fpcak to 
 »' upon this affair, or who will mind what 1 fay.? Mr. Bolts underftands well the prcfent 
 " fituation of affairs, that I am nobody, and nothing can be done by me. 
 
 " As you did me the favour to write to me, I would that in any manner your bufinefs was 
 «' done; but according to the prefent turn of the times, nothing can be cxpedtcd. I kept 
 *' your people to fee if I could do any thing, but find it is impoflible. Sir, you are wife, 
 " you comprehend all the aflair. — Dated the 14th Joyftee, or 24th May 1768. 
 
 " P. S. After reading and keeping your letter four d.iys the Nabob leturned it, and £ 
 *' herewith inclofe it to you." 
 
 Read — alfo the abftraiSt of a letter written by Mr. Vcrclft on the 29 May 1768, to the 
 Rajah Bulwantfmg, marked C. N° 46 ; viz. 
 
 " Defiring him to leleafe feme boats belonging to Mr. Alexander, which he had de- 
 *' tained, and warning him againft fuch proceedings in future." 
 
 Read — alfo the tranflation of a Perfian letter from Boyenautfing, principal minifter of 
 Rajah Bulwantfing, to Cogee Gregore ; the original of which w.is proved by Gonylham- 
 dafs; viz. 
 
 After many compliments in the Perfian ftylc, he proceeds, 
 
 " I have received your favourable letter, and am acquainted with the contents ; my 
 ' brother, as God Almighty would have it, was fick at Gungaporc, and therefore, for my 
 " brother's bufinefs, I ft.iid at the village Coruna, where I was twelve days, and fettled all 
 " my bufinefs, and was myfelf alfo out of order. Ycfterday I arrived at Puttyla, and my 
 *' dear friend was not the Icaft acquainted with your cafe, till the receipt of your letter in- 
 " formed mc; nothins of which you complain of has been done by the Maha Rajah 
 ■ ° " Bahadar, 
 
 c<
 
 cc 
 
 [ iSo ] 
 
 " Bahadar, but folely and wholly by the orders of the Gentlemen of Calcutta: in this 
 *' refpe£t there is no help ; accordingly Bulchtfing has been wrote to, to do every thing for 
 •' you that is becoming of frieridfhip, and I Ihail reprefent to Maha Rajah Bahadar fuch 
 *' things as arc proper, and the Almighty will be gracious. On your arrival in thofe parts, 
 " pleafe to write to me, that I may have encouragement in my mind. Jbor the reft, may 
 *' happinefs attend you." 
 
 Read — aUo the following letters ; viz. 
 Extra£t of a Letter from the Nabob Shujah al Dowlah to Mr. Verelft ; received by him the 
 
 4th July 1768, marked D. N° 209. 
 
 *' I wrote you in a prior letter a full and particular anfwer about Mr. Bolts and Meer 
 *' Mufliallah, and I have now repeated the fame circumftances anew to Rajah Purfed Roy, 
 *' from whom you will be informed. I have written my whole heart without omitting or 
 *' difguifing any thing, or deviating the breadth of a hair : agreeable to your own defir' , I 
 *' fome time ago returned your Excellency all thofe letters of yours which related to that fub- 
 *' je6t ; Meer Mufhallah has given an oblijiation under his own hand, which if he has vio- 
 *' lated, I will imiiiediately bring him to the punifhment contained therein." 
 
 An original note from the Rajah Bulwantfme, inclofed for Mr. Bolts, in a letter to the 
 Rajahs amHalTador at Calcutta, Maharage Miller, dated the 24 April 1768, produced and 
 proved by Mr. Bolts. 
 
 On the cover fealed, " Rajah Bulwantfing, Bahudur, dire£teJ to the Brammin EfFegy of 
 *' Brimha Mahrage Mifll-r." 
 
 " The following you arc to acquaint Mr. Bolts with." 
 
 *' I have received your letter. As to what you have wrote about Mr. Bolts's gomaftahs, 
 *' you know that I have a regard for Mr. Bolts's bufinefs, and a friendlhip for him from my 
 " heart, and always complied with whatever his gomaftahs requeued. When th; Nabob, 
 " Harry Verelft's letter came, for fendii)g them, agreeable to that order I was obliged to fend 
 *' them to Rajah Shitabroy; before the arrival of Mr. Bolts's and your letters, I had told 
 *' them, there is no impediment on my part." 
 
 An original letter, written by Rajah Shitabroy to Mr. Bolts, dated the 31ft July 1768, 
 proved by Gonyftiamdafs, viz. 
 
 " After the ufual compliments — I received your favourable letter wherein you write, that 
 *' it appeared to you, my favourable friend, that another of your gomaftahs, named Cogee 
 ** Rafael, who was in thofe parts, has been imprifjned and brought down to me, and that I 
 
 had continued the faid Rafael under confinement, and with my own people fent him dowa 
 " to Murfhedabad ; and that as you, kind Sir, are unacquainted with the crime the faid Ra- 
 *' fael has committed, to merit my confining and putting a guard upon him, you therefore 
 *' rcqueft I will acquaint you with the faid Rafael's crime. My dear Sir, I did not knov/ 
 •' that Rafael was your gomaftah, nor am I in the leaft acquainted with any fault he has 
 *' committed. Colonel Barker, Bahader, wrote to me that he had difpitched to me Cogee 
 " Rafael and two other Armenians, who in the Nabob Shujah al Dowlah's country had been 
 *' in confinement under Captain Harper, who had fent them to him. Colonel Barker ; ac- 
 *' cordingly I difpatched them to the Nabob Khane Khanaan Mobazez al Mulk Bahader, at 
 *' Murfhedabad: the particulars of their faults or their innocence muft be well known to 
 *' Mr. Harper himfelf; withrefpedt to me, kind Sir, do not believe me capable of any tning 
 *' contrary to the ftri£teft friendlhip towards you, you (hall know me your own friend." 
 
 Your Committee then proceeded to read the memorial of the Armcnijn gentlemen, Gre- 
 gore Cojainaul and Johannes Padre Rafael, as prefented to the Court of Eaft-India Direflors, 
 dated London, the 12th September 1769, viz. 
 
 " To the Honourable the Court of Directors for the Affairs of the Honourable the 
 " United Company of Merchants of England, trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 
 " The humble Petition of Cogee Gregore Cojamaul and Cogee Johannes Padre Rafael, 
 " Armenian Merchants, late of Bengal, 
 " Humbly flicweth, 
 
 *' That your petitioners, who are natives of Ifphahan in Perfia, have, for many years, 
 *' refided in India, particularly in the provinces annexed to Bengal, and in the dominions of 
 ♦' the different Princes bordering upon thofe provinces, where they have carried on for them- 
 •• felves, and others, a very extenfive trade always with the pcrmifTion and approbation of the 
 " different Princes, in whofe dominions your petitioners refided, always paying the duties 
 *' exadled by fuch Princes, and always chearfully fubmitting themfelves to the laws of fuch 
 *' countries. 
 
 " That it has ever been the cuftom, from time immemorial, for Greeks, Georgians, 
 *• Turks, Perfians, Tartars, Caflimeerians, Armenians, and other nations, to refort to, 
 •' and traffic in, India, where the country nabobs, ftnfible of the benefits arifing from the 
 " refort of foreign merchants, and the increafe of trade, have, at all times, encouraged fuch 
 *' perfons to the utmoft of their power. 
 
 " That befides their own traffic, your petitioners likewifc, for about feven years laft paft, 
 *' have been honoured with bufinefs upon commiffion from fuiidry Englifti gentlemen, fcvcral 
 " of whom are now in England. 
 
 *' That your petitioners, in fuch tranfa£tions, have ever afted to the fatisfadtion of their 
 *' conftituents, and with credit to themfelves, having ever ftudioufly avoided interfering in 
 
 " any
 
 [ iSi ] 
 
 " any other than their own mercantile affairs ; and as they have ever been wcll-wifhers to 
 " the Honourable English Eult- India Company, having never, in the mod iliibnt manner, 
 " acted contrary to the interclts ot tliat Coiiip;iny. 
 
 " That your petitioners werL- latclv rciident in the dominions of the Nabob Shujah al 
 " Dowlah, and the Rajah Bulwantfing, who, to the great fiirprife of your petitioncis, f- 
 "■ ccived ordcr> from your Prefidency of Calcutta, or Fort William, tobanifh your petitioners 
 " out of their countries. 
 
 " That thofe Pr'nces communicated the orders which they had received from your faid Pre- 
 " fidency to your petitioners, who had the honour to be favoured with the friendlhip of the 
 " laid Princes, who propofed various expedients to fcreen your petitioners from violence, as 
 " your petitioners can (hew by authentic documents in their hands, to the fatisfaction of this 
 " Honourable Court. 
 
 *' That the fritndfliip of thofe Princes having induced them to evade the immediate exc- 
 •' cution of I'uch tyrannical orders, for which they knew no caufe, your Prcfidcnt, Mr. Ve- 
 " relft, wrote again in repeated letters, and in the moft peremptory terms, to have your peti- 
 " tioners fciz.cd, imprifoned, and lent down into the Company's provinces to Patna and 
 *' Murfhedabad, and, for fear of further delays or evafions, orders were given to the imme- 
 " diate fcrvants of the Englifli Company, who were employed to fcize and imprifon your 
 " petitioners, as they are likewile ready to prove, to the iatisfaftion of this Honourable 
 " Court, by authentic documents and writings, under hand and zeal of the faid Company's 
 " fcrvants. 
 
 " That accordingly your petitioners were feized in the moft fudden, cruel, and inhuman 
 ♦' manner, and brought down to the Company's fadories at Patna and Murihedabad, being 
 •' obliged toquit inllantly all they were poill-lled of in that country, to a vtry confiderable 
 " amount, together with their books and papers, and the effects of many other perfons with 
 " which they were intruded, and for which they are amenable. 
 
 " That during the confinement of vour petitioners, the relations of your petitioners did 
 •* deliver to your Frefideiit, Mr. Harry Verelft, fundry petitions, particularly one of the 
 " 15th May lytS, and one of the 13th June 1768 (which your prtitioners imagine (land 
 " recorded upon your Calcutta confuhations) requefting the releafement of your petitioners, 
 ♦' and oHering to give any fuch fecurity for money, or the a])pearance of your petitioners, as 
 " might appear reafonable to your faid Prefident and Council. 
 
 " That the faid petitions v.'erc paid no regard to, but your petitioners were continued un- 
 " der confinement; your petitioner Cogee Gregore Cojamaul having been confined from the 
 " 14th March 1768 to the 23d May 1768, being two months and nine days; and your 
 •' petitioner Cogee Johannes Padre Rafael, from the 27th March 1768 to the 28th Auguft 
 " 1768, being five months ; during which time they were treated worfe than convidled felons ; 
 " Cogee Rafael being firft impriloncd in a horl'e ftable, and afterwards both kept in clofe con- 
 " finement, under a ftrong guard of the Company's, fepoys, with fixed bayonets, whenever 
 " fuficrcd your petitioners to llir out of their fight. 
 
 " That being at lall relcafed from confinement, vour petitioners and their friends waited 
 *' upon your Prefident, Mr. Harry Vcrelfl, not only to be acquainted what were the caufes of 
 ♦' hisdifpleafure, and why they had been confined ; but requefting leave to return up the 
 " country, to fccure their eft"c6ts and outftanding concerns, thereby to prcferve lhem(elves 
 " and faniil'es from ruin; but to the misfortune of your petitioners, all their applications 
 " were paid no regard to, nor could they ever obtain any iatislaftion, or be acquainted why 
 " they had been thus capricioully imprifoned for fo long a time, and then ic-t at liberty, with- 
 •' out being accufed of even afiiiiitious mifdemeanor. 
 
 " That to the great aftonilhment of your petitioners, upon their arrival in Calcutta, they 
 " were informed that your Governor, Mr. Harry Verelll, and his Council, had been pleafed 
 •' to publ.fh an edi(St, uiulcr date the i8th May 1768, prohibiting all Armenians and Por- 
 *' tugueze, and their dcfcendaiits, from refiding or trading in any part out of the provinces 
 " of Benijal, Bahar, and OriHa, or from attempting to tranfport any merchandize beyond 
 *' thofe provinces, under penalty of the utmolHevere corporal puniftiment, and the confifca- 
 " tion of fuch merchandize ; an attcfted notorial copy of which moft extraordinary public 
 •' edii£t is in the hands of your petitioners, for the infpedtion of this Honourable Court. 
 
 " That your petitioners were heieby not only deprived, among others, of thofe rights 
 " which were due to them as men from the law of iiaiions, but were deprived of that 
 " fieedom of trade which their jiatioii had always enjoyed in the times of tlie worft of the 
 *' ancient black Nabobs, and, in panicular, were alfo deprived of all hopes of ever recovering 
 " thofe efFe(3s, from which they had been thus forcibly and capricioufly taken. 
 
 " That your petitioners, who have been therefore necelFitated at a great cxpcnce to come 
 " to England for juftice, now appeal to the equity of this Honourable Court, requefting 
 " that tlicy will either indemnily your petitioners lor the great lolics they fuftaiii, or that 
 " they will pleafe to order home to anfwer for themfelves, the Prefident, Mr. Verelft, and 
 " fuch of the Company's fervants, as to this Honourable Court may appear to have been 
 ♦' the aciting perfons in the opprellions complained of: 
 
 " And your petitioners, as in duty bound, fliall ever pray. 
 
 " London, the " Cogee Gregore Cojamaiil, 
 
 " i2th Sept. 1769." " CoGEt" JoH.'VNNEs Paukl Rafafl. 
 
 Z z Your
 
 
 [ 1^2 ] 
 
 Your Committee then read a letter from the petitioner, Gregore Cojamaul, to the Court 
 of Ea(t India Diredtors, dated the 29th Feb. 1772, together with the anfwer thereto ; as 
 follows : 
 
 " To the Honourable Court of Directors for affairs of the Honourable the United 
 " Company of Merchants of England, trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 
 " Honourable Sirs, Being acquainted by Governor Johnftonc, that he was informed by 
 ♦' one of thcDiredtors of the Eaft India Company, upon prcfenting my petition to Parlia- 
 " mcnr, that the Court of Diredtors had olHcially tranfmitted the memorial I delivered to 
 '• them of the 12th September 1769, to their Prefident and Council of Bengal, and that 
 ♦' they had received a full and explicit anfwer from thence with fpecific charges by the laft 
 *' fhips ; in confequeiice of luch information, I now make my moft humble application to 
 " the Court, that they will be pleafcd to furnilh me with a copy or copies of fuch anfwer 
 " and charges, which I hope in common juftice cannut be denied me, as I muft ever pre fume 
 " the Directors are equally inclined to blame their fervants when culpable, as to defend 
 *' them when innocent ; and that the protedtion of the inhabitants of Bengal is a principal 
 *' part of their confideration. I am, with great rcfpedt, 
 
 " Honourable Sirs, 
 " Your moft obedient, humble, and devoted fervant, 
 
 *' London, 29th Feb. 1772. " Gregoke Cojamaul." 
 
 At a Court of Diredors of the United Eaft-India Company, held on VVednefday the nth 
 March 1772 ; 
 
 The Court, on confideratinn of a letter from Gregore Cojamaul, 
 
 Ordered, That the following anfwer be given to the lame, and tranfmitted to him ac- 
 cordingly : 
 
 Our generalletter, in anfwer to what we wrote to our Governor and Council, on the 
 
 fubjeift of the Armenians petition, laid before the Court of Directors in 1769, contains 
 " many matters very improper to be communicated on the prefent application made by the 
 " Armenian, Gregore Cojamaul ; but fo much as materially concerns the juftification of 
 " our Prefidency with refpedt to thofe perlons, is to this efFeft ; they refer to the country 
 " correfpondence tranfmitted to us in 1768, and to their proceedings in December 1767, 
 *' for the particulars of this matter; that thefe Armenians were difcovered in carrying on 
 *' intrigues at the court of Suiah Dowlah, and that there was ftrong prefumption, that they 
 " were the inftruments of obtaining for Mr. Bolts, copies of our Preiident's correfpondence 
 *' with the Vizier, not to mention the experience they oefore had of the intriguing I'pirit of 
 " the Armenians during the government of Coflim Ally Cawn. 
 
 " That at this very time, notwithftanding an order in force, prohibiting the refidence of 
 " gomaftahs of Englifh gentlemen in the territories of Sujah Dowlah and Bulwantfing, or 
 *' indeed any where without the provinces, Mr. Bolts, in dehance of this order, would pre- 
 *' fume to continue his agents; and that, as it fhould feem, not merely to wind up his old 
 *' concerns in trade, but to engage in new ones. From thefe confidcrations, they hope it 
 •• will clearly appear their removal did not proceed from a motive of refentment, either againft 
 *' Mr. Bolts, or the Armenians thcmfelves. 
 
 " That it does notappear to the Council, that the late Prefident Verelft was the immediate 
 " inftrument of their removal, as had been infmuated, but that it was an a£t of the Princes 
 " themfelves, and entirely optional on their parts ; but admitting even that the order fhould 
 *' have come immediately from the Prefident, or th.it the Company's fepoys had been employed, 
 " they prefume theyfliould ftand fully juftified for fuch an exertion of authority, againfl per- 
 •' fons who not only fet their orders at defiance, but were likewifc bulled in thefe fchemcs 
 " and intrigues of the moft dangerous tendency to government." 
 
 Mr. Johannes Padre Rafael, another Armenian merchant, being called upon to give an 
 account of his being taken up to the time of his releafemcnt, faid, 
 
 I was in Fyfabad the 27 March 1768, when Captain Harper fcnt two parties of fepoys, 
 and they took me prifoner, and carried me to Captain Harper's tent. He fent his munfliy 
 to know the reafon why we came at fuch an improper hour. I fiiid. Your mafter knows the 
 reafon why your fepoys brought me here. As foon as I fpoke to the munftiy. Captain 
 Harper came out, and faid, I muft fend you to Calcutta — I anfwered. For what reafon .i' he 
 faid, angrily. That Mr. Verelft had fent a letter, and you muft go immediately. I rcpre- 
 fented the diftrcfs my affairs would fufFer, if I had not three or four months time to fettle 
 them, and entreated ibme delay ; he faid, I fhall give you three days. I reprefcnted, that I 
 fhould be ruined if I had not more time allowed me. I was put under confinement in my 
 own houfe, and kept from the 27 March to the i ft May, ftrictly guarded by fepoys. On. 
 the 2d May I was fent to Illahabad, and arrived there the loth May. I was kept till the' 
 
 40th in the open air. I applied by Captain Gravely to be rclcafed, but without fucccfs. 
 'he 2d June (ftill under confinement) I was fent to Patna, where I arrived the 28tli ; I 
 was ten days at Patna under confinement. I applied to Shitabrov to be releafed, but without 
 fucccfs. On the 15th July I arrived at Murfhadabad. I was brought before the Nabob. 
 I pleaded, that as a merchant, I apprehended I might go where 1 pleafed, paving the duties. 
 The Nabob laid, there was now a new regulation and that could not bo, and then demanded 
 an obligation that I would not go up to the high country to tr.ide, umler the pain of confif- 
 
 cation
 
 [ 'Sj ] 
 
 cation of my goods. I refufcJ to give the obligation, and was confined in a ftablc, without 
 meat or drink, for twenty-four houri. 1 was then imprifoned in a dark dirty place, woric 
 than a ftabk', till the 22d Auguft. I made application to Mahomed Reza Khawn to be re- 
 Icafcd : he faid. He could do nothing without orders from Mr. Verelft The fubahd.ir, or 
 commander of thefepoys, told me fome days after, that the Nabob had been to wait on JMr. 
 Sykes, to know whether he had any orders from the Committee, and upon his return I was 
 ordered to be rclealed. The fubahdar demanded fixty rupees, which I not bciri'- able to pay, 
 was by his authority detained three d.ys longer, when, upon payment of the money, I was 
 releafed ; but directions were given me nnt to go to the upper country, and accordin:;ly I went 
 to Calcutta. During my conhnement, money was frequently extorted from nie by the fepoys : 
 it coft me, during my imprifonment, two thoufand rupees, the greateft part of which was 
 forced from me by the fepoys. 
 
 Martis, 12° die Maii, 1772. 
 Col. Burgoyne in the Chair ; Prefent, 
 Lord Folkcllone, Mr. Johnftone, 
 
 Mr. Vane, Mr. Rice, 
 
 Sir G. tUiot, Mr. Strachey, 
 
 Mr. Trecothick, Mr. Sutton. 
 
 Read a paper as fent up, purfuant to order, by the Eaft-India DireJlors, intituled, " An 
 *' Agreement between the Governor and Company of Merchants of London, trading- to the 
 " Laft- Indies, and the Armenians, dated the 22d June 1688; as follows, viz. 
 
 " The Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading to the Eaft Indies 
 " Agreements with the Armenians, dated the 22d June 1688. 
 
 '* The Governor and Company of Merchants of London, trading to the Eaft Indies, to all 
 •' to whom thefe prefents (hall come, fend greeting. Whereas reprefcntition hath been made 
 " to us by Sir Jofia Child, B.nonet, our deputy governor, that upon long conferences by 
 *' him had with Coja Panous Calendar, an Armenian merchant ofeminencv, and an inha- 
 " bitant of Ifpahan in Perfia; as alfa with Sir John Chardin, of London, Knight, they had 
 *' on behalf of the Armenian nation propofed to him feveral particulars for carrving; on a i^reat 
 " part of the Armenian trade to India and Perfia, and from thence to Europe, by way of 
 " England ; which will redound greatly to his Majefty's advantage in his cultoms, and to the 
 *• increafc of the Englifh navigation, if the Armenian nation might obtain fuch licence from 
 " this Company as will give them encouragement fo to alter and invert the ancient courfe of 
 •' their trade to and from Europe : and we being always willing to increafe and cncourao'e 
 " the public trade and navigation of this kingdom, after a ferious debate of all the propofi- 
 •' tions relating to this afr'air, have tiioughc tit to agree and refolve as follows ; viz. 
 
 " Eirft, That the Armenian nation (hall now, and at all times hereafter, have equal (hare 
 " and benefit of all indulgences this Company have, or (hall at any time hereafter grant to 
 *' any of their own adventurers or other Englifh merchants whatfoever. 
 
 *' Secondly, That they (hall have free liberty at all times hereafter to pafs and repafs to and 
 " from India, on any of the Company's (hips, on as advantageous terms as any freeman 
 " whaifoever. 
 
 " Thirdly, That they (hall have liberty to live in any of the Company's cities, garrifons, 
 *« or towns, in India, and to buy, fell, and purchafe land or houfes, and be capable of all 
 •• civil offices and preferments, in the fime manner as if they were Enpjiflimen born, and 
 " (hall always have the free and undifturbed liberty of the exercife of their own religion. And 
 *' wc hereby declare, that we will nut continue any governor in our fervice, that (hall in any 
 *' kind difturb or difcountenancc tliem in the full enjoyment of all the privileges hereby 
 •' granted to them ; neither (hall they pay any other or greater duty in India, than the Com- 
 *' pany's fadtors, or any other Englifhman born, do or ought to do. 
 
 " Fourthly, That they may voyage from any of the Company's garrifons to any other ports 
 *' or places in India, the South Seas, China, or the Manilhas, in any of the Company's (hips, 
 ♦' or any permiflive free (hips allowed by the Company ; and may liave liberty to trade to 
 " China, the Manilha;^, or any other ports o.' places within the limits of the Company's 
 " charter, upon equal terms, duties, and freight, with any free Englifhman whatfoever. 
 
 *' But whereas all perfons in England do pay for bullion outwards two percent, for freight 
 ♦' and permiffion; and three per cent, homewards for diamonds and other precious (tones ; it 
 *♦ is hereby declare 1 and agreed, that the Armenians (liall pay three per cent, outwards for 
 ' bullion, and two per cent, homeward for diamonds ; for coral and amber beads they (linll 
 " pay fix per cent, fjr freight and permiflion, and for coral, amber, raw cochineal, quick- 
 •■' filver, fword blades, fire arms of all forts, habcrdafliery wares, iron of all forts, wrought 
 " or unwrought, paper, all forts of ftationary wares, Englifh looking or drinking gla(rcs, 
 " and for all forts of Noriniberg wares and merchandizes, ten per cent, for pennirfion, and 
 «' fix pounds per ton, freight. That all forts of leather, Venetian wares, and merchandizes, 
 " may be (hipped out peniiifTion free, paying only l"ix pounds per ton, freight; for all cloth 
 " or woollen manufactures, of what kiiidb or fort focver, they (hall pay twelve and a half per 
 " cent in lieu of all charges whatfoever, excepting only the freight and the Company's cul- 
 *' toms ill India ; for lead, ten per cent, pcrmiilion, and three pounds per ton, freight ; for 
 " provilionsof all forts, for eating and drinking, fix pounds per ton freight, but no permif- 
 
 " hon ; 
 
 (
 
 C 1S4 1 
 
 " fionj and for all forts of goods, homeward bound, they (hall pay in mannsr and form foL 
 " lowing; viz. 
 
 " For diamonds, pearls, rubies, all forts of precious flones and ambergreafe, two per 
 " cent, frei'ht, and permiflioa as aforefaic ; for inufk of any kind, fix per cent, tor freight, 
 " and perm iilion ; for pepper, one penny per pound, and for coft'ee ten per cent, permiffion, 
 " befides frci;^ht ; for all raw filk of Perlia, twenty-one pounds per ton freight, but no per- 
 " miflion, cuftom, or any other charges wh-itioevc-r, excepting only two and a half per cent, 
 " towards demurrage of our fhips ; for all goods whatfoevcr, of the growth and manufacture 
 " of Ptrfia (red Carmenia wool excepted, which is hereby totally prohibited) ten per cent. 
 " permiffion, and the fame freights as the Comp:;ny themfclves pay, without any other 
 •' charges whatfoever; for all forts of China and Bengal goods, during the Company's indul- 
 " gence for thofe kinds of goods, and no longer, in what place foever loaden, thirteen per 
 *' cent, for permiffion, and all other charges whatfoever, over and above the fame freight as 
 " the Company pay, and the cuftoms hereafter mentioned ; viz. All goods outward and 
 " homeward bound are to pay the Company in Eail: India, five per cent, cuftom on the firft 
 " coll, as per invoices of the faid goods, whether they be laden from, or delivered into, any 
 ♦' of the Company's ports or places, or into any other ports or plares wharfoever, excepting 
 " only from this article, a I bullion, diamonds, and other precious flones, ambergieafe, 
 " mufk, and raw Perfianfilk. And it is agreed, that the permiffion money and freight for 
 " all goods outward bound, tobe paid in India as aforefaid, fhall be accounted for at eight and 
 •' a half rupees per pound fterling upon hypothecation of the goods to the Company in Lon- 
 " don ; and we do declare, that for eafe of accounts, the cuftom due to the Company in 
 " Eall India, is to be included together with the other charges ; viz. freight and permiffion, 
 " according to the premifes, and all inferted in one fum, upon the refpective bills of loading, 
 " which fum is always to be paid before the delivery of the goods to the perfons mentioned in 
 " the faid bills of loading, which is the true intent of the hypothecation before exprefTed. 
 " That all goods which have once paid cuftom, are not to pay any again either upon import- 
 " ation or exportation of the faid goods, to the place where they firtl paid it, or to any other 
 " port or place belonging to us in the Laft Indies. That every perl'on that fliall take paffage 
 " on any of the Company's fliips, fhall pay in Eaft India twelve pounds fterling for his per- 
 " miffion outwards, at the rate of eight rupees and a half per pound fterling ; and the like 
 " fum to be paid here for every perfon that fhall take paffage homeward, bcfides eight 
 *' pounds per head for fea provifions, which it i^ hereby agreed (hall always be paid in Lon« 
 " don ; and for fuch perfons who (hall board at the Captain's table, they (hall pay ten gui- 
 " neas each to the captain for the fame. Bat the fervants fhall be meffed apart by themfelves, 
 " and always have the fame allowances of fhip provifions as the officers and feamen of the fliip 
 " have, or ought to have. And it is alfo granted to the laid Armenians, that the pafTengers 
 •' fhall be allowed, both out and home, to carry with them their wearing clothes, furniture, 
 " and provifions, not exceeding one quarter of a ton for each man, freight free. And 
 *' whereas the faid Armenians have ufed to drive a great trade from India to Turky, over- 
 " land, by the way of Perfia and Arabia, and are now defirous to drive that whole trade by 
 " the way of England : it is hereby declared and agreed, that the faid Armenians have liberty 
 " to fend, upon any of the Company's (hips for England, any forts of goods of Eaft India, 
 " configning them to the Company by true invoices and bills of loading, and not otherwife, 
 " paying ten per cent, permiffion on the value of the faidgooJs in London, befides the fame 
 " freight as we ourfelves pay. And it is hereby declared, that the Company have liberty to 
 " detain and keep in their pofTcffion all fuch go. ids as fhall be configncd unto them as afore- 
 " faid, until they have (hipped them off upon Englifli fliipping bound for Turky, Venice, or 
 " Leghorn, and taken fecurity ; yet they fhill not be landed in any other ports or places of 
 *' Europe, -except the place to which they fhall be configned, according as they (hall be di- 
 *' reeled, by the faid Armenian proprietors, or their agents. And laftly, it is declared and 
 " agreed, that notwithftanding any thing aforefaid, it (hall and may be lawful for the faid 
 " Company to referveand keep for their own ufe, any of the faid goods fo intended for Turky 
 " as aforefaid, paying the Proprietors one third part clear profit on the firll cod of the goods 
 " as aforefaid, all freight, charges, and difhurfements wliatfoever, being firft dedufted and 
 " fore-prized, eight rupees in India being in this cafe to be accounted for one pound fterling. 
 " In witnefs whereof, the Governor, Deputy Governor, and three of the Committee of the 
 " faid Company, have hereunto let their hands, and caufed the larger feal of the faid 
 *' Company to be affixed this two-and-twentieth d ly of June, anno Domini i6S3, and in 
 " the fourth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord, James the Second, by the grace of 
 " God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, &c. 
 
 (Signed) 
 " Benjamin Bathurst, Governor, 
 " JosiA Child, Deputy Governor, 
 
 " WoRCi;ST£R, 
 
 " John Moore, 
 " George Botjk. 
 
 " The Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the Eaft Indies, 
 " to all whom it may concern, fend greeting : Whereas Coja Panous Kaleadar, an Arme- 
 
 " nian
 
 [ i8 
 
 5 J 
 
 " nian merchant of eminency, and an inhabitant of Ifpahan in Perfia, hath taken great 
 ♦' pains in makinjj; an agreement with the faiJ Company, for a great trade to be carried on in 
 " Englilh fliipping, by himfelf and others of the Armenian nation ; the faid Governor and 
 " Company, in confideration thereof, do by thefe prefents (at the rcqueft of the faiJ Coja 
 " Panous Kalendar) freely grant unto liinj and his family, the fole trade of garnate, he 
 " paying ten per cent, cuftom for the lame, and the ufual freight paid by the Companv. 
 " And the faid Company do hereby declare, that they will neither trade in the faid coni- 
 *' modity themfelves, nor fuffer any other perfons, Englifh, or ftrangers, for the future, to 
 " trade or traffic in that commodity. Given under the Company's larger feal, as alfo 
 " under the hands of the Governor, Deputy Governor, and three of the Cornmittec of 
 " the faid Company, this two-and-twcntieth day of June, anno Domini 1688, and in 
 *' the fourth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord James the Second, by the grace of 
 " God, King of England, Scotland, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, (Sic. 
 
 (Signed) 
 " Benjamin BaTHURst, Governor, 
 " JosiA Child, Deputy Governor, 
 
 •' ..... WoRCEST£K, 
 
 " John Moore, 
 " George Boun. 
 
 •* The Governor and Company of Merchants of London trading into the Eaft Indies, to 
 •' all to whom it may concern, fend greeting: Whereas it hath been reprclcnted unto us, tbat 
 " the Armenian nation have a great defire to carry on a trade and commerce with our people 
 '• in the Eaft Indies, we do, for the better encouragement of that nation, to fettle and 
 " cohabit in the feveral garrifons, cities, and towns, in the Eaft Indies, under our jurifdiiftion, 
 " by thefe prefents, declare, grant, and agree, that whenever forty or more of the Armenian 
 " nation fhall become inhabitants in any of the garrifons, cities, or towns, belonging to 
 " the Company in the Eaft Indies, the faid Armenians fhall not only have and enjoy the free 
 " ufe ^nd exercife of their religion, but there (hall be alfo allotted to them, a parcel of ground 
 *' to erect a church thereon, for the worfliip and fervice of God in their own way ; and that 
 *• we will alfo, at our own charge, caufe a convenient church to be built of timber, which 
 ♦' afterwards the faid Armenians miy alter and build with ftone, or other folid materials, to 
 *' their own good liking ; and the faid Governor and Company will alfo allow fifty pounds 
 •' per annum, during the fpace of fevcn years, for the maintenance of fuch prieft or minif- 
 «' ter, as they (hall chufe to officiate therein. Given under the Company's larger leal, as 
 *« alfo under the hands of the Governor and Deputy Governor, and three of the Committee 
 " of the faid Company, this two-and-twcntieth day of June, anno Domini 1688, and in 
 *♦ the fourth year of the reign of our Sovereign Lord James the Second, King of England, 
 ♦' Scotland, France, and Ireland, defender of the faith, kc. (Signed) 
 
 " Benjamin Bathurst, Governor, 
 " JosiA Child, Deputy Governor', 
 
 '« WorcJester, 
 
 " John' Moore, 
 " George BouN." 
 
 Your Committee then proceeded to read part of the proceedings of the Governor and 
 Council at Calcutta, at a cgnfultation held the 3d March 1766; at which were prefent 
 Lord Clive, General Carnac, Harry Verclft, Francis Sykcs, Randolph Marriott, Hugh 
 Watts, Claud RulTell, William Alderfey, Thomas Kelfall, and Charles Floycr, Eujrs. viZV 
 
 " It appealing from undoubted authority, that one Coi^a Mockil, an Armenian, has 
 •' filed, in the Mayor's court, a (iditious fuit -againft Johanna Marcat, an Armenian^ 
 " widow, merely with a view to evade the demands of the country government, with which' 
 «» (he has large accounts, and has therefore taken refuge here withoilt our knowUdgo, and 
 « as nothing is fo difficult as to inveftigatc collufion of parties to the fuisfaftion of law^ 
 «' the Court may not have the pow?r of redrefs, though convinced of the fa;t — Agreed there-i 
 «' fore to put a flop to pra£tices fo prejudicial to the Company's aftairs, as they mult ncceliarily 
 *' interfere with the revenues; thattheBoard interpofe theirauthority, as Pr(?fident and Council,' 
 «* and withdraw the Company's proteflioii from both parties, turning the complainant im-i 
 " mediately out of the fcttlcment, and the defendant as foon as (he may be regularly releafcd 
 *« from the ShciifF's cuftody. 
 
 Read alfo the 59th and 6olh paragraphs of a letter from the Court of Eaft India Direflors 
 to their Preiidcnt and Council at Bengal, dated the 4th March 1767 ; viz. ■ 
 
 Par. 50. " As to the collufivc fuit you mention to be brought in the Mayor's court, by 
 " Coja Mockil againft Johanna Marcat, with a view to evade th.- demands of the country 
 " government: the charter empowers the Mayor's court to entertain fuits between natives, if 
 «' thedefcndant does notobjecl to the jurifdiif^ion, and after judgment the plaintift has a right 
 " to the common procefs of the court, for obtaining fatislaiition againft the defendant's body 
 *' or goods ; and upon commencing every fuit, if the plaijuifFmakes oath of his debt, he may 
 ♦' hold the defendant to bail ; and in that cafe, where he is imprifoned for want of bail, or is 
 ♦< taken in execution after judgment, he muft remain in cuftody, as in ordinary cafes. 
 *' Where no fuit is depending, and parties feek refuge in our fcttlements who have dc- 
 
 o A " frauded
 
 C i86 ] 
 
 '* frauded the country government, you may, on a proper reprefentatlon, withdraw our pro- 
 " teiStion, and fuft'cr the country powers to apprehend and deal with them according to their 
 *' own laws; but we are of opinion, you have no right tobanifh any party, plaintiff, or de- 
 " fendant, who may be guilty of thefe coUufions. If there is no debt really due from the 
 *' defendant to the plaintiiF, moft certainly the adlion or fuit is an abufe of the procefs of the 
 *' court, and the Mayor's court may, as the courts of law and equity do here upon proof of 
 " fuch collufion, imprifon the parties for a contempt of the court ; but we know of no law 
 ♦' that will juftify a fentence of baniftiment in cafes of this kind." 
 
 Par. 60. " The bcft method we can advife, as a means to prevent thefe collufive fuits, is, 
 *' that the Mayor's ccurt do immediately publifh a rule of praiSlice to this effedt ; viz. That 
 " in every cafe where a fuit is brought in that court by Indian againft Indian, wherein the 
 *' defendant is held to bail, it fhall be fully fpecified and fet forth in the plaintirt''s affidavit of 
 •' the debt, where the fame was contracted, the time when, and the nature of the debt, 
 " whether upon bond, note, or how otherwife, and for what confideration, ailually and 
 " bona-Jide given or paid ; and in every cafe where the caufe of aiflion is not I'worn to ar I'e 
 " within the limits of the fettlement, the Mayor's court ought torefufe to iflue procefs for 
 " arrefting the defendant." 
 
 Mr. Verelft was then called, and afked, 
 
 Q. What do you know with refped to the imprifonment of the Armenians, the caufe of it, 
 and by whofe authority the) were confined ? 
 
 A. I fhould be ve: y glad to give any account in my power to the Committee of thofe tranf- 
 a£tions ; but as the petitioner Cojamaul, and Rafael, another Armenian, have commenced 
 fuits againft me, both in Chancery and the Court ol Common Pleas, to which I have a de- 
 fence, and don't doubt a full juftification ; and as thofe fuits are now depending, I am advifed 
 by my council not to anfwer, before this Committee, matters which are the fubjetfts of thofe 
 fuits ; I therefore wifh to decline anfwering the queftion. 
 
 Mr. Bolts. 
 Q. What time did you refign the Company's fervice ? 
 A. I believe in November 1766. 
 
 Q; When was it firfl notified to you, by the Governor and Council, that you fliould return 
 to England i 
 
 A. A few months after I refigned the fervice, but while I was a magiftrate of the Mayor's 
 court. 
 
 Mr. Cojamaul. 
 Q; After you had got the purwannah, and was in Sujah al Dowlah's country, did you do 
 any bufsnefs for Mr. Bolts ? 
 
 A. I did no new buhnefs for Mr. Bolts after the date of that purwannah . 
 Q; What bufinefsdid you ? 
 
 A. I gathered in fome money for him, and fold his remaining goods. 
 Q. Do you know of Mr. Verelft's applying in writing to the Nabob, Mahomed Rheza 
 Khawn, at the requeft of Cogee Melcomb, for him to proceed to Patna, in order to receive 
 his efFe<5ts in Sujah Dowlah's country after your arrival in Calcutta? 
 A. I know of no application. 
 
 Mr. Bolts. 
 Q. Was you forced out of the country ? 
 
 A. I was, by a party of 28 armed foldiers, by an order of Mr. Verelft, and the reft of the 
 council: I had refufcd togo. Captain Coxe came to me early in the morning of the 23d 
 September 1768 ; kept his guard at a diftance; fliewed me the order that he had from the 
 Governor and Council, and told me that he muft take me away if I did not confent to go 
 voluntarily. — I told him that I did not conceive thofe gentlemen had any right to fend me 
 away ; that I had long been perfecutcd, and that they had long threatened it, but that I never 
 thought they would have dared to execute their threats — I fent to my friends, and in about ten 
 minutes there were 20 or 30 gentlemen alTembled. 
 
 I petitioned the Captain for a little time to throw my books and my wife's clothes into a 
 couple of chefts, and he was kind enough to grant me two hours, but then faid he could ftay 
 no longer with fafety. I went into my wife's bedchamber to fee if fhe had fent her things 
 away, when the Captain, and one of his fepoys, came into the bedchamber and took me 
 out by the fhoulders ; they marched me through the ftreets to a boat that was prepared for 
 me, in which they conduiSled me on board a floop prepared for the purpofc. — My wife followed 
 me afterwards. — In that floop we were conduced down the river, and kept (even days and 
 nights under confinement in the floop, with the fepoys at the cabin-door. — When the Ihip 
 Valentine was under way, we were taken out of that floop to fea, and forcibly put on board 
 the Valentine, and brought to England. 
 
 Q. When the firft fentence of baniftiment was pronounced againft you, had you any inti- 
 mation of ynur crime, or was you called before the Governor and Council that pronounced 
 it, to make any defence? 
 
 A. I had no intimation whatever, nor was ever called before them. 
 
 Q. Do you remember when you received the firft fentence from the Secretary of the Go- 
 vernor and Seledt Committee ? 
 A. 1 think it was in April 1767.
 
 (C 
 
 [ ^^7 ] 
 
 Q. Did you ever know for what reafon you was thus fcnt home? 
 
 A. I never knew more than what was written in the paper delivered me as my fentencc, 
 after I was banilhed in April 1767. 
 
 The faid paper was then ordered to be produced, and was read as follows ; viz. 
 An Extract from the Proceedings of the Seledl Committee, dated the 18 April 176-. 
 
 " That Mr. William Bolti appears, from many circumlbnces, to be deeply concerned in 
 " the confpiracy to ruin NobekilTcn's charader, and attempt his life; in which opinion the 
 " Committee are confirmed, by his violent and declared refentment to Nobekiflen, by the 
 " (hare he took in ftirring up, and inftigating a profccution againit him in the zcmindary 
 " court, upon an imaginary and falfe acculation ; and particularly from his taking, at this 
 " jundure, into his fervice, Ramnaut, a man who Hands publicly convidcd of perjury, 
 *' with a view of forging and publilhiiig farther afpcrfions upon NobekilTcn's character. 
 
 " That Mr. Bolts having, upon this and many other occafions, endeavoured to draw an 
 ", odium upon the adminiftration, and to promote fatlion and difcontent in the fcttlement, 
 «* lias rendered himfelf unworthy of any farther indulgence from the Committee, and of the 
 '^' Company's protedion. 
 
 " That therefore he be directed to quit Bengal, and proceed to Madrafs by the firll (hip 
 " that (hall fail for that Prefidency, in the month of July next, in order to take his paflage 
 " from thence to Europe in September. 
 
 •' A true extras. 
 
 (Signed) " C. W. Boughton, 
 " Alfiftant Secretary Sele<St Committee." 
 
 Qi Did you ever hear of any other reafons except what are fpecified in the above paper ? 
 
 A. I never heard of any, excepting that I had wrote a letter to Mr. Gentil, acquainting 
 him witli the parliamentary proceedings, which has been read — common, general news. 
 
 Q. Did you never hear that one reafon of your being fent away, was, your evading fign- 
 ing the new covenants, relative to receiving of prefents ? 
 
 A. I never heard of any fuch reafon. 
 
 Q. Did you fign the new covenants ? 
 
 A. I did not fign them myfelf, but I did by my deputy, which was equally as valid, and 
 which I always acknowledged to be fo. 
 
 Q_ Why did you not lign them yourfelf ? 
 
 A. Becaufe it was my pl'eafure. 
 
 Q. Did you ever give any other reafon for not figning yourfelf? 
 
 A. I don't remember I ever did. 
 
 Q^ Who was the deputy that figned them for you ? 
 
 A. My own book-keeper, in my name, and for me ; he was a native of thp countiy. 
 
 Q; D.d you not give as a reafon for not figning the covenants, that you had taken an oath 
 you never would ? 
 
 A. If I have, it will appear upon the public records. — I believe I did. 
 
 Q; Did you enter into any new contracts or concerns in trade after you had refigned the 
 fcrvice f 
 
 A. I did, becaufe I had a right to do it. 
 
 (^ Do you know any inftance of any other perfon, who had refigned the fcrvice of the 
 company, forced out of the country in the manner you was ? 
 
 A. I know of none in the civil ferviceof the Con)pany, but! know of feveral gentlemen, 
 who had been in the military fervice, being feized and ordered for England; but 1 know of 
 none that were feized fo fuddenly, and with fo much violence as I was. 
 
 Q. Is it not ufual for civil fervants to go when they receive notice ? 
 
 A. I nc\ cr knew of any fuch cuftom among any of the civil fervants, though I have known 
 Miany inftances of fuch arbitrary orders. 
 
 Q^ Have thofc orders been obeyed ? 
 
 A. Sometimes they have, and fometimes not. 
 
 t^ What is done with the civil fervants when they do not obey ? 
 
 A. I have not known of any civil fervants fent away by force. — Sometimes their refiding 
 was difpenfcd with ; but I fuppofe they would have been fent away if they had not gone vo- 
 luntanly. 
 
 Q. Do vou know of any civil fervants going away when they were ordered ? 
 
 A. Yes.' 
 
 Q; When did that cuftom begin of ordering people to be feized and fcnt home by force? 
 
 A. I never knew of any inflancc before 1765 or 1766. 
 
 Q; Did you ever know of any civil fervants rcfufing to go when the orders were not dif- 
 penfcd with ? 
 
 A. 1 don't remember any of the civil covenanted fervants of the Company refufing to go; 
 but I know of feveral Britifh fubjects being forced, upon fuch orders, to feelic that proteftion 
 in tlic foreign fetticmcnts that they could net enjoy in their own. 
 
 Ci; Did you never know of any Britifh fubjcdts, covenanted or not covenanted, who 
 €ontinucd to rcfidc in Calcutta after ordered to quit, and that order not difpenfcd with? 
 
 A. None in my time ; but have heard of others in former time?, 
 
 Q, What^
 
 [ iS8 3 
 
 Q. What inftances have you heard of in former times? 
 
 A. There was a Gentleman named Cooke, and feveral others, whofe names I don't re- 
 colleft. Mr, Cooke was in the Company's civil fervice at Dacca, and, as I heard, difmiffed 
 for embezzlement, and ordered home by the Dirc£tors, but refufed to go, and remained in 
 the country; — the Governor and Council, at that period, did not think themfelves fafc 
 to execute fuch orders. 
 
 Q; W ere there not orders repeatedly iffued for two years, for you to go away before you 
 was forced away ? 
 
 A. There were ; but I always confidered them as illegal, and in my cafe, as particularly 
 void in law, becaufe I was an Alderman of the Mayor's court. 
 
 Q; Was you an Alderman of the Mayor's court at the time the firft order for yoMr 
 departure was liTucd ? 
 
 A. I was. 
 
 Qi Did you ever aflign that as a reafon to the Governor and Council fornot goin^ ? 
 
 A. I never entered upon the legality of the orders with the Governor and Council— I don't iil 
 
 remember I alTigned that as a reafon. 
 
 Q. How long was it after you received your fentence of banifliment, that you heard the 
 objection againft you fornot figning the covenants ? 
 
 A. The fentence of banifhment was dated in April 1767; and I firft heard of the other 
 charge concerning the covenants, in September 1768. 
 
 Q. When this charge refpecting the covenants was ftated againft you, did you offer to find 
 fecurity to any perfon who (hould alledge you was not equally bound by the deed of your 
 clerk done by your order, as if done by yourfelf, or to the Company, to ftand any profecu- 
 tion for receipt of prefents while you was in the Company's fervice ? 
 
 A. I did. 
 
 Q^ Was it ever alledged by any perfon, that you had received any prefents wheo in the 
 Company's fervice, after the covenants were ordered to be figned? 
 
 A. It never was alledged againft me, either when in or out of the fervice. 
 
 Qi How long had you refigned the fervice before September 1768? 
 
 A. About two years} and I had ordered my clerk to fign the covenants three years 
 preceding that date. 
 
 Q. Had or had not the Governor and Council directed you to be difmiffed from the Mayor's 
 court before fuch charge of not figning the covenants was fuggefted ? 
 
 A. They had ordered nie to be difmifled. 
 
 Q; What was the anfwer to the Court in confequence of that order ? 
 
 A. That there was no legal vacancy in the Court. 
 
 Q. How long is it cuftomary in the Eaft Indies to allow civil fervants refigning the privi- 
 lege of the Company's duftuck ? 
 
 A. Twelve months. 
 
 Q^ If moftof the fervants, who went away upon being ordered, would not have naturally 
 returned to their own country without fuch orders.' 
 
 A. I believe they would all have returned. 
 
 Q. Who were the agents you employed in thofe concerns you entered into after y6ur rc- 
 fignation ? 
 
 A. I had above 150, and amongft others the two Armenians who have given evidence, but 
 thele were only employed in colkdling outftanding debts, and difpofing of goods and con» 
 tra£ls wliich were on hand before my rcfignation. 
 
 Q. What iettlcments do you mean that feveral Britifli fubjcfts went to, to get that pro- 
 tedion they were refufed in their own ? 
 
 A. The French, Dutch, Portuguefe, and Danes — they employed themfelves in trade, 
 
 Q. What are their names? 
 
 A. One named Duffield, another Byrn, another Burflemj and feveral others, whofe namcj 
 I cannot recollect. 
 
 Q^ Give an account of the nature of purwannahs, vhen they firft took place ; and what 
 eft'ecls they are fuppofed to produce ? 
 
 A. Purwannahs of the nature of that which was produced to the Committee, were never 
 thought of till 1766. I, as well as all the native merchants I ever converfed with upon it, con- 
 fidered it as a fcandalous regulation to monopolize trade, as may be underftood from the very 
 tenor of it, as it was explained to the Committee. 
 
 Q^ Did it exempt from duties ? 
 
 A. I never underftood that it did. 
 
 Q^ What then was the effect of it ? 
 
 A. The Seledt Committee had made an order in February 1766, which was renewed in 
 October following, that none ftiould buy or fell without thefe purwannahs} and this pur- 
 wannahwas to give the Committee's fan(flion for trading. 
 
 Q. What was the greateft amount of duties payable on the fpot, upon goods in Bulwant- 
 fing's country ? 
 
 A. I know of no duties but thofe which are paid upon the tranfportation of goods from 
 one place to another, either by land or water in Bulwantfing's country, except on piece- 
 goods, upon which a duty or fee called cutwally is collected on the fpot} and this cutwally is 
 
 no 
 
 V
 
 [ iS9 ] 
 
 no more than the charge of atacka (that is, about the 25th part of a rupee) which the cutwal 
 collets for fixing his feal to the corner of the piece ; all other duties are paid upon the tranf- 
 portation, for which aduftiicic is requifite. 
 
 Your Committee then proceeded to read the following extracts from the proceedings of the 
 Sele£t Committee at Bengal; held under dates the 22d and 31ft October 1766; viz. 
 
 " Refolvcd, That in future the trade of all Europeans whatever be confined to the articles 
 " fpecified in the annexed lift, and confidered as returns to, or exports from, the Prefidency 
 " and fadtories ; and that no trade (hall henceforward be carried on from one aurung to another, 
 " or from one p«rt of the interior country to another, in any of the articles contained in this 
 " lift, or in any other articles whatfoever, on pain of confifcation of the goods, to be ap- 
 ♦' propriated at the pleafure of this Committee, and forfeiture of the Company's fervice, or of 
 " free merchants indentures, or licence of the Governor and Council ; according as the tref- 
 " pafs (hall be committed by perfons in or out of the Company's fervice. 
 
 " And it being now the intention of this Committee to fulfil, in the moft effecStual manner, 
 «' the Honourable Company's inftruftions refpefting the inland trade, and to remove all 
 " caufe of difturbance and oppreflion committed in the interior country, under fandion of 
 " the Engli(h name, 
 
 " Refolved, That in future all gomaftahs, whether employed on account of the Company, 
 " or of individuals, (hall ftriiftly refrain from interfering in any matters that may tend to ia- 
 •' terrupt the co!le£lions, or difturb the bufinefs of the Government. 
 
 " That they (hall fcrupuloufly avoid taking cognizance of any difputes or differences they 
 *' may have with the country people, or afTuming to themfclves any degree of judicial 
 *' authority. 
 
 " That in all fuch points of difference and difpute, whether with refpeft to trade, or 
 " otherwife, they (hall appeal firft to the neareft officer of the Government ; and in cafe of 
 " delay or refufal of redrefs from him, they (hall then lay their complaints before Mahomed 
 *' RezaKhavvn, or the Refident at the Durbar, or the Council, or Seled Committee. 
 
 *' That whoever (hall be found deviating from the evident meaning and intent of this re- 
 •' folution (a copy of which will be fent to the RefiJent at the Durbar and to Mahomed Rcza 
 «« Khawn) (hall immediately forfeit the r employments, and the Company's protedlion, and 
 " likewife be fubje£l to fuch further punifliment as the Council or Committee may think 
 *' proper to infliifl." 
 
 The Committee then read a licence from the Rajah Bulwantfing, which was produced by 
 Mr. Cojamaulj and proved by Gonyfh.^mdafsi viz. 
 
 " Settlement of the farm of fait petre of the province of Ghazipore, in the name of the 
 *• favourable friend Gregorc ; that is, the farm of the fait petre of the faid province, for the 
 *' fum of 10c I rupees for the year 1 1 74 fufTully according to the obligation of the before- 
 " mentioned, having fettled, and being given in his charge, it is necelTary that the men- 
 •' tioned fum, according to the eftabli(hed payments of the rabuliat, he (hall pay into the 
 *' treafury, and with eafy mind he may employ himfelf in the bufinefs of the faid fait petre 
 *' farm, pleafe God there dial! be no difference in this agreement : 
 " 1201 rupees for the year 1174 fuflully. 
 
 " Written on the ift Shabaan 1 174 fuflully. 
 
 " Entered in the Scab account book of the dewan, the ift Shabaan fufTully 1174. 
 
 " Entered in the dewan dufter the ift Shabaan 1 174 fuflully." 
 
 Likewife a licence from the cutwal, or colle£for of Bulwantfing's duties, produced by 
 Mr. C(jamaul, of the farm of the ophium in Ghazipore, for the years 1766, 1767, and 
 1768; proved by Gonyfhamdafs"; viz. 
 
 " Agreement for the farms of the ophium of the fircar Ghazipore, that is, fince the farm 
 *' of the ophium of the abovefaid fircar, for the fum of fix thoufand and three Banaras 
 *' rupees, for the whole of three years, from the beginning of the year 1 174 fufTully to the 
 *' end of 1176 fulTully, according to the obligation of the favourable friend Cogee Gregore, 
 *' having fettled and being given, it is necefl'ary that the mentioned fum, according to the 
 '' payments, year by year, he (hall pay, and with eafy mind apply to the bufinefs of the 
 '' farm of ophium, pleafe God there (hall be no difference, and other merchants (hall not 
 " buy it. 
 
 3 B SEAL.
 
 [ 19° 3 
 
 *' Dated the 12th of the month Shabaan, the year 1174 fufiully." 
 
 General Richard Smith being then called, the following queftions were aflced him ; viz. 
 
 Q^ What do you know of the imprifonmenc of thefe three Armenians, what the caufc of 
 it, and by what authority they were confined ? 
 
 A. I have a caufe depending with the two Armenians, and yet I am willing to give the 
 beft account 1 can to this Committee, 
 
 Q. Do you know of any genera] orders or regulations for reftrifling the trade of the Englifh 
 and their agents, in the provinces belonging to the King and Shujah Dowlah? 
 
 A. I do. 
 
 Q. D^d you at any time hear any complaints made of the conduit of fuch agents by the 
 King, Sujah Dowlah, Buiwantfing, or others ; and what were fuch complaints ? 
 
 A. I have ; and they appear in niy letter to the Selei5l Committee of the 3d January 1768. 
 
 The following extrad from the faid letter was then read ; viz. 
 
 " The Nabob reprefented to me the great inconveniences which arife from the gomaftahs 
 *' and dependants of Englifh Gentlemen refiding in his dominions, particularly at Garrack- 
 *' poor, Mirzapoor, and in the zemmdary of Benaris and Gazapoor j that he was extremely 
 " tenderin exerting his authority over any of thofe who even alVumed the Englifli name, not- 
 *' withftanding that thefe people were guilty of many impofitions and extortions on his fub- 
 •' jefls, as Well as deirauding him of his duties ; now, as he had received repeated aflutances 
 •' from the Prefidency that no private trade fhould be carried on in bis dominions, fo he re- 
 *' quefted that I would not only exert my power to free his country from the Armenians and 
 *' natives of Bengal in the fervice ot individuals, but that I would alfo reprefcnt the fame to 
 •' you, fo that effedlual means might be taken for their expulfion : fenfible of the juftice of 
 *' this reprefentation, I did not hefitate to affure him, that nothing was further fron the de- 
 " ficn or approbation of the Englifh ferdars ; that I had heard our Prefidcnt made it a point, 
 *' neither to grant duftucks or purwannahs into his Excellei.cy's dominions ; — that no con- 
 " fideration whatfoever could induce the Englifli chiefs to fufFer the advantages or emolu- 
 " ments of individuals to be a means of giving him the moft diftant caufe of uneafiHcfs or 
 " concern — I afiured him of my ready concuirence in eveiy rreafure to fupprefs this giowing 
 *' evil, and would reprefent it in the ftrongeft manner to the Committee, that effectual mea- 
 •' fures might he taken to reuiove it — dtfired he would apprehend all thofe who were guilty 
 " of any impofitions on our name, which, fo far from giving umbrage to the Knglifti fcrdais, 
 *' would be efteemed a favour conferred on us. I further added, that to convince his Exccl- 
 •' lency how defirous I was to flrikeat the root of this evil, on my return to Allahabad, it 
 ♦' (hould bemy care that the purwannah, he himfelf had granted tr> Ifmael Beg (one of his 
 *' own I'ubjedts, for the exclufive privilege of making fait petre upon account of Englifh 
 *' Gentlemen, and upon condition that he furnilhed the Nabob with whatever quantity he 
 *' wanted at prime cofl) Ihould be returned, that he might be convinced no private advan- 
 *' tacres whatfoever could weigh with an En-lifhman, which might in the remotcft degree 
 " aftefl the public. The Nabob faid, in anfwer, that he eitecmed this as a frefh inflance of 
 •' attention and regard. 
 
 " As I have been informed of thefe circumftanccs, not only from the Nabob, but as Rajah 
 *' Buiwantfing has alfo reprefented the late frequency of Englifh duftucks and Englifh pur- 
 *' wannahs, it is but too apparent, notwi'.hftanding the rcfolutions at the Prefidency, that 
 *' there is an abufe in this matter ; I do therefore moft earneftly recommend to the Commit- 
 •' tee, that they will enter upon tlie moft vigorous m-eafuies fov entirely abolifhing a fyftem fo 
 " fraught with pernicious confequences, and which very fyfi;cm had fo lately proved almoft 
 ,*' fata! to the Company's welfare in Bengal. I have the honour to fubfcribe myfelf, with 
 *' great refpc£t. Gentlemen, 
 
 " Head Qiiartcrs, near *< Your moft obedient, humble fervant, 
 
 *« Kierabad, the 3d January 1768. " Richard Smith." 
 
 'Q. Do you know whether fuch agents were made acquainted with fuch orders for rcflrain- 
 ing trade, and did they pay obedience thereto ? 
 
 A. 1 here was a general publication of thofe orders, I believe fome time in 1768, long 
 after my letter, and which will appear upon the Company's books. — 1 think the publication 
 was after my return to the Board at Calcutta in April. 
 
 Q. Did you know of Cojamaul, an Armenian, or other Armenians, agents for Mr. 
 Bolts, refiding in thofe diftri^s ? 
 
 A. It was impofTible for me to know any gomaftahs — I don't recoiled I knew him particu- 
 Jarly — there were 500 gomaftahs. 
 
 CL Did
 
 [ ^91 ] 
 
 Q. Did this meafure of rcftriv^tive orders proceed piincipally from the Governor and 
 Council on complaint of the Princes f 
 
 A. I may fay it originated from the fubftancc of my letter above mentioned. 
 Q. When Sujah Dowlah defirei) you to inform the Governor and Council of thofe irre- 
 gularities, what an(\ver did the Governor give ? 
 
 Guieral Smith then read the following extract of a letter which he received from Mr. 
 Verclft; viz. 
 
 " Sir, Fort William, 3ifljan. 1768. 
 
 " I have received your letters of the loth and 20th December, with returns of the army 
 " for the month of November, and of the 6th and 9th inftant, with the draughts of three 
 " furvcys made in the fubah of Oudj as foon as the other two you mentioned are copied, I 
 " fhall be ob]:i;ed to you for them. 
 
 " It is with fomc altonifhment, as well as concern, that I obferve the reprefentations yon 
 " have been pleaftd to ni. ke to the Committee, in your letter to them of the 3d inftant, 
 " relpet^ling tne private trade carried on by Englifh gomaftahs in the circars of Gauzypur and 
 " Mizzapur, and otner parts of the Nabob Sujah al Dowlah's dominions ; I therefore have ta- 
 *' ken this method to acquaint you with my fentiments thereon ; for, notwithflanding I am at 
 " all times determined to prcfcrve and fupport my prerogative in its due extent, and to endea- 
 •' Vour at conducting all affaui of a publicnature to the bed of my abilities, upon what lefteem 
 " the moft fteady, uniform, and folid plan, yet no difference of opinion, in thofe points, 
 " fhall have any Iway with me, when matters of private concern are under my confideration. 
 " The orders of the Company, and the refolutions of the Committee, are pofitive, thai no 
 " private trade fliall be carried on without thefe provinces, and the penalty to thofe whoftiall 
 •' difobey them, no leis than difmiflion from thefervicc; yet, it appears by your letter, that 
 " they are dilobeyed, and that too, in fuch a manner, as to oblige the Nabob Sujah al 
 " Dowlah to complain to you or th- opprcflions and extortions of Englifli gomaflahs j the 
 " trutii of wliich was confirmed by Bulwantfing. 
 
 " Yi'U have exprelied your apprehenfions of fatality to the Company's pofleffions, unlefs 
 " the moft vigorous meafures be purfued by the Com.nutee, to annihilate thefe complaints, 
 " fo fraught with pernicious conlcquences ; and inJormed the Committee of your having 
 " aflured Sujah al Dowlah how delirous you arc to ftfilce at the root of this evil, and that it 
 " fhould be your care that the purwannah for an exclufive privilege to make fait petrc on 
 " account of tlie Enghfh, grar.tcd tolfmael Beg, fhould be returned. 
 
 " Called upon, as the Committe? are, in this public manner, were they to content them- 
 " felves with orily recording yoarletter upon the face of their proceediiigs, the Court of Di- 
 " rC(5fors might very polTibly conceive an idea of your attentive and faithful fervices at their 
 " expencc, or perhaps fee cauie to fufpect their difmtereftednefs and integrity; if, on the 
 " contrary, they fecond your rcmonftrance with that degree of vigour you tell them it (hould, 
 " by rcfolving to dctedt and punifh every aggreilor, may not your name happen to ftand re- 
 " corded at the head of the lift r — You have particularized Ifmael 13eg ; fhould they enquire 
 " by whom he has hecn employed, will it not be found that he was employed by you ? — • 
 " Employed, not only in carryingon a trade prohibited by the Company, but even to raife 
 " that trade into a monopoly throughout the greateft part of the dominions of our friend 
 " and ally. 
 
 " You fay, in your public letter, you have heard I made it a point neither to grant duftucks 
 " nor purwannahs into Suj ih al D'lwl.ih's dominions ; I iina'_;ined you had kno.vn it was a 
 *' point eftablifhcd with mo, and invariably adhered to — however, Sujah al Dowlah having 
 " repeatedly written to me on this fubjecf, on reading your letter I had my anfwers recorded 
 " on the Comm.itree proceeding?, as well as my aifarance of never having granted either 
 " duftuck or purwannah beyond the provinces ftncc my coming to the government, except 
 " for the baggage of oiBccrs going to camp. 
 
 " However hardly you may have conceived of my conduct towards you on any public ac- 
 " count, it is very far from me to wifh you an injury, and on the prefcnt occalion 1 am forry 
 " yon have aitcd in f > un Miarded a manner. If any Englifh Gentlemen have been led to 
 " extend their trade beyond the provinces, and their gomaftahs been culpable in their con- 
 " dutt, a reprcfcntation thereof to me (hould" immcdiat:;iy have removed every caufe of com- 
 " plaint, and a private rcprehenfion corrected the indifcretion of the offenders ; but your ac- 
 " cufation being public and general, thofe who have tranfgrefled, mull abide by the confe- 
 *' qu'.'iucs. 
 
 ♦' Being fenf.ble that the emoluments of your office arc inadequate to your ftation, you may 
 " rcnieiviber 1 rtcomniendtd your entering into trade, which you might engage fomc of your 
 " friends to managi; for you ; how far you have declared your concern herein I know not, 
 " but it has btcn matter of general complaint, that the attention of moft of the ofKrcrs of 
 " the army has, of late, been taken up with commercial matters more than is confiltent with 
 " their duty ; and when r<prehended upon this head, they have not fcruplcd to quote the cx- 
 " ample of the commanding officer. As the very being of the Company, in the prefcnt 
 " polture of affairs, dep nds in great mcaluie upon the fhite o( our army, I wilh.to fee a ftop 
 " put to a practice which may be productive, if fuffered to go on, oi Inch dangerous confe- 
 " qucnces. I would veiy gladly promote the inicreft of the army by all proper and reafona- 
 " ble means, but not at the expcnce of the fcrvicc. 
 
 " It
 
 [ 192 ) 
 
 " It is probable you may fuppofe I have exprened myfelf with a degree of freedom ia fomc 
 " parts of this letter ; but as it is obvious that my intentions are altogether friendly, 1 hope 
 " you will do me the juftice to believe me with great regard, 
 
 (Signed) « H. Verelst." 
 
 Bead alfo the following extracts from a letter written by Colonel Richard Smith, in anfwcr 
 to the Prefideiit Mr. Verelft, as produced by the Colonel; dated Head Quarters, at Mcer Ab- 
 lell's gardens near Patna, the 8 February ij68 ; viz. 
 
 " Sir, I have this day received your letter of the 31 (I ult. The freedom with which you 
 ** have exprefled your fcntiments, may be very readily admitted, fince you profefs your inten- 
 *' tions to be altogether friendly; 1 hope you will, in my turn, indulge me with the fame 
 " liberty, fince I (hall deliver my thoughts with an equal degree of fincerity. 
 
 " Marvel not, Sir, at my reprefentations to the Seledt Committee concerning the profecu- 
 " tion of private trade in Sujah Dowlah's dominions; be affured it is high time to remedy 
 " thefe grievances — fuch complaints of oppreflion had been made to me as were infufFerable ; 
 " had 1 been treated by you in a manner due to my rank and charadler, you fhould have been 
 *' particularly advifcd of this and every other material circumftance that came to my know- 
 " Jedge; but circumftanced as I have been, it became necelTary for me to confine my corre- 
 " fpondence to the Board, and this will account for my not writing you a private letter on 
 " this fubjedt. 
 
 " I am concerned you fhould exprefs even a fuppofition, ' That fhould the Committee 
 " content themfelves with only recording my letter on the face of their proceedings, the 
 " Court of Dircdors may poffibly conceive an idea of my attentive and faithful fervices at 
 " the expence of the Committee, or from my reprefentations fee caufe to fufpeft their difm- 
 " tereftednefs and integrity.' 
 
 " I could wifh Mr. Verelft, and all mankind, to believe that I am above aiming at applaufc 
 *' at the expence of other men ; for I think my own uniform conduiS will fecure tome that 
 " (hare of approbation it may hereafter appeir to have defcrved. I wrote to the Committee 
 " fo flrenuoufly from a firm hope that they would enter into fuch efteilual meafures, as to 
 " eradicate this growing evil, and hereafter you will be convinced I have not painted this 
 " grievance in ftronger colours than the occafion required. 
 
 " You are pleafed to write me, ' It has been matter of general complaint, that the 
 *' attention of moft of the officers of the army has of late been taken up with commercial 
 *' matters more than is confiftent with their duty, and when reprehended on this head, they 
 " have not fcrupled to quote the example of the commanding officer.' I could wifh to be 
 " informed from whence thefe general complaints have been made : a general accufation will 
 " fall of itielfwhen unfupported by proofs; the conduct of the officers of that part of the 
 " army, which has been under my immediate infpeftion, does not deferve fo fevere a refle<5lion, 
 *' and the excellent ftate of thofe troops is the beft proof of my aflertion ; and from the 
 " review which I have lately made of my regiment, and the few fepoys remaining here of 
 " the fccond brigade, it clearly appears to me that there has been no want of diligence in the 
 " commanding officer, nor of attention in thofe of an inferior ftation. As to the officers 
 " on the Purgunnah cftablifhment, I know not how they conduct themlelves : they appear to 
 have no military fuperior whatfoever. That the very being of the Comp.iny depends in 
 " great nieafure upon the ftate of the army, is moft certain; my fentiments on the prelent 
 " ftate of it will hereafter appear; in the mean time, if you will be pleafed to point out 
 " thofe who have negle£ted their duty from an attention to commercial affairs, or even thofe 
 " who have been in any wife concerned in a mercantile fyftem, I will allure you of my beft 
 " endeavours to put a ftop to this practice, which I by no me.\ns approve. 
 
 " How far, and by what inducements, I engaged in commerce, I will now relate. — You 
 " muft remember when I was fworn a member of the Council, the duftuck oath was tendered 
 *' to me; the whole Board muft remember I then declined taking that oath, bccaufe I never 
 ♦' had, nor ever intended to enter into any commercial fchemes, as I confidered commerce to 
 «' be incompatible with my profeffion ; doubtlefs, you muft alfo remember that foon after 
 *' this, you yourfelf obferved to me (and I will fuppofe with a very friendly intention) that 
 *» you thought I was wrong in giving up the greateft, and indeed only advantage fsom my 
 " new appointment: I obferved, that I did notwifti to fee any commerce whatfoever carried 
 " on by the officers of the army ; and, although I was iruitled to the privilege of a duftuck, 
 " yet 1 did not chufe to fet the example ; you replied, that General Carnac had been con- 
 *' cerned in trade, which was carried on by yourfelf (I think you mentioned, but am not 
 " certain ) or others on his account, and that you advifed me to be concerned with Mr. Ruf- 
 " fell, who would tranfadl thefe affairs forme. 
 
 '"• 1 thanked you for your advice, and faid I would confider of it ; I refleftod that my pre- 
 " decelTor had received large emoluments from his ftation, perhaps jT. 30,000 for two years, 
 " that the Company's orders had taken away the only emolument which I could cxpeiit to 
 " receive in their fervice, and thereby reduced all my appointments to the fcanty pittance of 
 " 700I. per annum, befides defraying my field expences; that neither the Company at 
 " home, nor Lord Clive abroad, had made the leaft provifion for the co iimander in chief 
 " of the fi)rce3. Thu.-. fituated, I thought I might endeavour, with fome degree of pro- 
 " pricty, to increafe my capital by a commercial fyftem, carried on by a triend, who was a 
 ♦' member of the Board, and who was fo obliging as to take that trouble for me : of this you 
 
 " was 
 
 a
 
 C( 
 
 (( 
 
 C '93 ] 
 
 " was informed, and foon after I took the duftuck oath. Hire then is explained the caufcs 
 " and motives which induced mc to cn^a^^e in commerce; and now you are to be informed 
 " how far I have engaged in it. — Our firit cfl'iy was in the purchafcof your (hare of the car- 
 " goes of cotton from Surat, at an advance of fifty thoufand rupees upon the prime cofl, by 
 " which purchafc you will do me thejufticc to fay I have not gained any advantage. My 
 " fecond adventure was of fundry articles exported by the Company, and bought at their 
 " fales, for which your duftuck was granted to the limits of the provinces; thefe articles 
 '' were fold many months fince, but not before I difcovered that this commercial fyftem, if 
 " purfued, would engrofs too much of my time from more important occupations ; I there- 
 " fore dropped all thoughts of profccuting the plan ; and, as I had feveral gentlemen of my 
 " family who had merited well, both from the public and from me, gentlemen whom I wiflicj 
 " tofervc, hut wanted any other means of doing it ; amongft them I divided the pioHts of 
 " this adventure, as I purpofc doing by whatever emolument may arife from the advance of 
 " 25,000 rupees made on my account at the aurungs in Bengal. 
 
 " It only remains for me to treat of my third and laft attempt, the fait pctre concern — ^You 
 " muft remember that this article of commerce was mentioned to you, both by Mr. Rufl'cU 
 " and me, when I was at Calcutta ; you fo far approved the fcheme, that at the defirc of Mr. 
 " Ruffell you wrote a letterto Sujah Dowlah, to requcft he would grant that Gentleman's 
 " gomaftah the exclufivc privilege of purchafing fait petre in his dominions. — This letter 
 " Mr. Rulfell inclofed to me ; I received it at Monyhyr, when on my journey to Allahabad ; 
 " and when the Nabob paid me a vifit on my arrival there, 1 delivered to him your letter, and 
 " feconded your requeft ; at that time notliing was fettled, but the Nabob defired Ifmael Beir 
 *' to attend him to FyfabaJ, for the adjuftnient of this matter. Some time after a purwannah 
 was granted to him, for an exclufive privilege of making fait petre throughout the Nabob's 
 dominions, upon condition that he fupplied the Nabob with whatever quantity he required 
 at prime coft ; and as Ifmael Beg was recommended to this employment by me, you, may 
 " fuppoftr that Mr. Ruffell and myielf would have had the refufal of whatever quantity was 
 " made, above that which the Nabob fhould require for his own ufe, and this to be delivered 
 " at the Carumnaffah. 
 
 "• Inconfequenceof thispurwannah, Ifmael Beg began to make his engagements for the manu- 
 " fa£turing of fait petre after the rains fhould havefub(:ded,but in the interim arofethofefufpicions 
 " of the duplicity of Sujah Dowlah's condutfl : the bare poffibilitv of his meditating hoftili- 
 ♦' ties gave mc the alarm ; for being convinced how faithfully we had fulfilled our engagements 
 " to him, and rcfledtmg, that as he could have no jufl: ground to allcdge for a rupture with 
 *' us, he muft therefore feck a pretext to give fome colouring to his own conduiil, and it was 
 " not impolf.hlebut that fuch a man might reprefent to the world, this purwannah, which 
 " was his own free grant, to have been obtained from him by improper fblicitation ; no fooner 
 *' did this fu:igeflion flrike me^ but 1 defired Ifmael Beg to fufpend the commencement of 
 ♦' his manufacture ; and when I viiited the Nabob, you already know that a final ftop was 
 ♦' put to this affair. I have only to add, that 1 do not know of any fait petre having been 
 " made under the fandtion of this purwannah, and I can afHrm, that not a fingle particle 
 " hai been received — Here, Sir, is the hiftory of Ifmael Beg, and the fait petre purwannah. 
 " And now, Sir, I cannot avoid teftifying rny extreme lurprife at your query — * If, on 
 " the contrary, they fecond your remonftrance with that degree of vigour you tell them it 
 " fhould, by refolving to detect and punifli every aggrcil'or, may not your name happen to 
 " (land re ordcd at the head of the lift?' Upon what part of my conduit, Sir, can you 
 *' found fuch a qutflion .? Wherein have I aiSled diffcrtiuly from you? Could I conceive 
 " the purchafiiig of fait p:tre in Sujah Dowlah's dominions to be fundamentally wrong, 
 " when you yourfelf wrote to Sujah Dowlah, in favour of Mr. RufTell's gomaftah ? Could I 
 " conceive it to be a prohibited commerce, when you yourfelf encouraged it.' Could I 
 '* imagine it contrary to the regulation of the Seleit Committee, when you, who prefided 
 " in that Committee, maJe u(e of your influence to introduce it ? 
 
 " 1 little expeiSted that you, Sir, would have been the pcrfou to ,fuggcft that Ifmael Beg 
 " was employed to raifc tiie (alt petre trade into a monopoly throughout the greateft part of 
 •' the Nabob's dominions ; had Ifmael Beg, in conltqucnce of the Nabob's grant, been the 
 " only manufacturer of fait pctre in his territories, he would have enjoyed that privilege, 
 " by the pcrmiflion of him, who alone had the right ;o grant it. 
 
 " That you. never granted duftucks into the Nabob's dominions I rooft finccrcly believe, 
 " but I cannot conceive how it could remain unknown to you that they were granted by 
 ♦' others; for I think there is an exprefs order of the Committee, that all duifucks or pur- 
 " wannahs fhall be legiftered, and monthly returns made froni the ilvcral fa£tories to tlie 
 " cuftom houfe at Calcutta ; and the fmillefl reference to thofe records would have (bewn 
 " you, that duftucks had been frequently grained from Patna and Muxadavad, for every 
 " fpecies of merchandize into the Nabob Sujah DowUh's country. 
 
 " Scnfible that my reprcfentations to the Board of the 3J ultnno was made upon the moft 
 " mature deliberation, and confident that no one a>5tion of mine ftands in need ot canec.il- 
 '^ merit, however friendly may be your exprefiions of concern upon a fuppofition that I have 
 •' af.led in an unguarded mriiimr, I cannot admit of their propriety, fince I fee no caufc for 
 " their application. And in regard to your declaration, ' That no diflVrence of opinion in 
 " public affairs fliould have any iway with you when matters of a private cotKcrn arc under 
 
 3 C " your
 
 [ '94 ] 
 
 <* your confideration,' I can only fay that it is a worthy fentiment, but it cannnt have the 
 " Imalleft reference to me, as it is impoffible for you, as Governor of this feitlcment, with 
 *' propriety, to countenance, or for me, as Commander in chief, with confilliency, to be 
 " connedled in, any tranfaiStion which requires privacy on my part, or connivance on yours. 
 
 " How far I have ever engaged in mercantile affairs you have been fully inlurmed ; and 
 *' as I am above palliating an error in judgment, I will frankly confcfs to you that it is the 
 *' only part of my condudl which I cannot approve upon reflection ; not that I had any caule 
 " whatfoever to judge this tranfaiStion deferving of cenfure in itfelf, but for an example ic 
 " difplays to others, who might not refledf, that my being a member of the Council ad- 
 " mitted me to privileges noother military man could enjoy. — It is now fixteen years fince I 
 *' bore a military commiflion in this fervice, and where is the man who can fay I ever had a 
 " commercial concern, until it was fuggcfted to me by you ? 1 was, however, foon con- 
 " vinced of my error, and as foon 1 renounced all thoughts of increafing my fortune on 
 " mercantile principles ; and. Sir, I dare appeal to you, and to the whole world, whether I 
 " have manifefted the leaft avidity for wealth ; but, on the contrary, the opportunities I 
 " have had of acquiring a very large fortune aie notorioufly known : it is equally known, 
 " that I have not availed myfelf in the fmalleft degree of thofe opportunities, but have pre- 
 
 The time is now approaching when you will be fully informed what opinion I have 
 *' conceived of your conduit towards me — My letter of yefterday's date to the Select Com- 
 mittee, requefted their permiflion for me to return to the Prefidency, that I might prepare 
 for my embarkation to Europe. — When cool reflection fhall baniOi hatty prLJudice, when 
 jealoufics and fufpicions can no longer be entertained, then perhaps it may appear that you 
 havejudged of me and my adlions through a falle medium, and conducted yourfelf ao- 
 *' cordingly. How much I endeavoured to obtain your confidence I will fieely acknowledge, 
 *' and it was becaufe I could forefec that the welfare of the Company was very nearly intar- 
 *' 4fted in a good underftanding between the Governor and Commander in chief; and the 
 *' events of the laft year have juftified my opinion. How well you have adiiered to th^ de- 
 *• clarations you made to me in perfon, w 11 appear hereafter ; in the mean time I have an 
 " honour to profefs myfelf, with great refpe6t, 
 
 (Signed) " R. Smith.". 
 
 Q^ Did Sujah Dowlah ifl'ue the orders for the removal of the Armenian gomaftahs in gerre- 
 ral from his dominions? 
 
 A. The orders were iflued by the Sele£t Coiiimittee ; but fome months prior to thofe or- 
 ders Sujah Dowlah had applied for a guard to take up fome people at Banaras, as appears "by 
 a letter from Captain Harper of the 6th January 1768 ; as follows : ' 
 
 " To Colonel Richard Smith, Commander in Chief of the Forces. 
 
 " Sir, The Nabob Sujah Dowlah has applied to me for a guard to apprehend fome people 
 " at Banaras, who, under pretence of being fervants to Englifli Gentlemen, are commit- 
 " ting all manner of disturbances. I have not complied with his Excellency's requeit, and 
 *' wait your orders to know whether I may fend the guard he defires, or not. I have the 
 " honour to be, with great rei^ect, Sir, 
 
 •' Camp near Fyfabad, " " Your moft obedient, humble fervant, 
 
 " the 6 January 1768." (Signed; " Gabriel Harper." 
 
 Q^ Who were thofe Gentlemen ? 
 
 A. There was fo many I cannot particularize them. 
 
 Q^ Did Sujah Dowl.ih make any reprefentation to you againft the gomaftahs of the Englifli 
 preceding January 1768 ? 
 
 A. I think that is the firft reprefentation that Sujah Dowlah made to me in perfon, b^t 
 not the firft that Bulwantfiiig made. 
 
 Q^ What was the date of Bulwantfing's firft reprefentation to you ? 
 
 A. I cannot charge my memory with the exadt date — they were made in perfon, and by 
 his vakeels, but not in writing. 
 
 Q. Did you acquaint the Governor and Council with thofe reprefentations of Bulwant- 
 
 A. I endeavoured to remedy them myfelf as commander in chief of that province. I do 
 not recollect any reprefentation to the Council prior to the 3d of January. 
 
 Q; Do you know of any mal -practices committed by Ccgee Gregore or Cogee Rafael ? 
 
 A. I don't know them perfonally. 
 
 Q. Had you ever any reprefentations againft them by name .' 
 
 A. Many. , 
 
 Qi Pleafe to ftate them. ,, 
 
 A Reprefentations from Bulwantfing, and complaints from Sujah Dowlah, that th^y 
 cairied on a forced trade in that country without any kind of reftraint, paying no duties, and 
 without obedience to the country government. 
 
 Q. Were the reprefentations in writing ? 
 
 A. Not in writing. 
 
 Q. Was Bulwantfing's reprefentation againft Rafael and Cogee Gregore by name .' 
 
 A. I cannot particularly recoUett, but think I remember the name of Rafael, but believe 
 
 they
 
 [ 195 1 
 
 they were comprehended in the general complaints agninft the Armenians. — I knew them 
 more by the name of Mr. Bolts's gomaftahs than by any other name — Mr. Bolts's gomaftahs 
 were particuluily fpccificd. 
 
 Q. Do you recollect the names of any of Mr. Bolts's gomaftahs ? 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. Was this converfation with Buiwantfing before you went up to Illahabad ? 
 A. The firft time was in 1767 — there were many after. 
 
 Ci; Do you know hy whom the viziery rupees were coined, and what was the alloy? 
 A. I never had any thing to do with any mint. 
 Q^ In what coin was the Mogul's ftipend paid? 
 A. I will anfwer that when the matter comes before the Committee. 
 
 C^. Did you ever receive a letter from Mr. Maddifon, refident at the durbar, particularly 
 naming thofe Armenians ? 
 
 A. 1 never had any correfpondence with him when he was refident. 
 Q. Did you know Mr. Gentil .'' 
 
 A. I did — he was a Frenchman, who received his fubfiftence from Sujah Dowlah I 
 
 apprehend he reficed there to acquire intelligence of the European fcttlements : he was 
 much in his favour, but I believe held no oftenfible office. 
 
 Q;, Do you know of a letter from Mr. Bolts to Mr. Gentil, which you tranfmitted to the 
 Committee of Calcutta ? 
 
 A. A copy of it was fent to me, and I thought it of fo extraordinary a nature, that I looked 
 upon it as my indifpenf.tblc duty to tranfmit it to the Committee — afterwards I obtained the 
 original, which I alfo tranfmitted to the Committee. 
 
 Q. Do you know of any renunciation of the 8th article of the treaty with Sujah Dowlah, 
 fiipulating a freedom in trade? 
 
 A. 1 believe I do — I underftood that the noble Lord Clive gave it up to Sujah Dowlah — I 
 have it only from hearfay. 
 
 Mercurii, i3°dieMaii, 1772. 
 Col. Burgoyne in the Chair; Prefent, 
 Mr. Johnftone, Sir John Turner, 
 
 Mr. Fuller, Mr. Vane, 
 
 Mr. Strachey, Mr. Sutton, 
 
 Mr. Rice, Mr. Ongley, 
 
 Sir Wm. Meredith Mr. Cornwall. 
 
 Mr. Bolts produced nine purwannahs granted him by Sujah Dowla, relative to fait petre, 
 which were proved by Gonyfliamdafs, who faid they were exadly the fame in fubftancc, only 
 dircdled to different people. 
 ift. To Futtch Ally Khawn. 
 2d, — R;ijah Buiwantfing. 
 3d, — Golaum Huflon Khawn, 
 4th, — Roy Deendayal. 
 jih, — Rajah Bowanyfing. 
 6th, — Noor Mahomed Beg Khawn Bahadr. 
 7th, — Hcydarbeg Khan Bahadr. 
 8th, — Ray Kerpadayal. 
 9th, — Ally Beg Khan Bahadr. 
 
 'I'hc purport of the purwannahs was tranflated and read as follows : 
 
 "To the High in dignity, beloved and powerful MecrFutteh Ally Khawn Bahadr, be he 
 " proteclcd Upon the arrival of this piirwannah, the fum of 3000 rupees, from yourfelf, 
 " having given to the fait petre makers, and having got the fait petre made ready and de- 
 •' livered to Goaldafs, ihe gomaftah of I\1r. Bolls, and having taken a receipt from him, 
 *' fend it to my prefence, Next time the faid fum, according to the receipt, and this pur- 
 «' wannah, {hall be credited in the account of your farm. 
 
 " Wntt'.-n on the 28 of the month Zilkaad, 1180th year of the Higerah. (Decem- 
 " ber 1767.) (Signed) " Bayer." 
 
 The Nabob's feal. (Signed) «« It is fcen.'V 
 
 Johannes Padre Rafael being then queftioned, declare(^ — that he never was in the territories 
 of Buiwantfing as a gomallah — that he had not fold any thing in the year 1767 for Mr. Bolts 
 at Fyfabad, where he was a fervant to Sujah Dowla, and had 3600 rupees a year. 
 
 Gregore Cojamaul likevvife being queltioned, declared he never was at Sujah Dowlah's 
 court — never was above Banaras; and that Banaras is 120 miles from Fyfabad. 
 
 General Smith. 
 
 Q^ From your knowlcd'ie of the country, are you of opinion that the general orders for 
 recallint; trie gomaftahs r.f the Engiifh were proper or necefTary ? 
 
 A. Thcrcjircfentation that I made to the Council upon the 3(1 January 1768, is very ftrong, 
 and very pointed to th<>.t purpofe — I thought it abfolutcly necell'ary to recall them. 
 
 Q. Was Captain Harper one of thofe among whom you faid you diflributcd your profits of 
 trade ? 
 
 A. Captain Harper had ferved me as an aid-Sc-camp and fecrctary for two years, and h« 
 was one of thofe to whom the diftribution was made. 
 
 The
 
 [ 196 ] 
 
 The Committee then read part of the proceedings of the Governor and Council at Bengal, 
 at a confultation held the 3d May 1764; as follows : 
 
 The Board drew up the following grneral opinion. 
 
 *' Every method has been tried for carrying on the inland trade upon fuch a footing as to 
 •* prevent difputes between our agents and the country government, or between one agent 
 *' and another ; and for deciding, in a juft and reafonable manner, fuch as might unavoida- 
 *' biy happen. Having experienced the obftructions to which that trade would be liable if 
 •' the officers of the country government were admitted to any authority over the Englifli 
 *' a<»ents, it was refolvcd in confultation the 5th March 1763, that the chief of the ncareft 
 " En"li{h faiStory (hould finally determine all fuch difputes, and as the Rungpore, Dinage- 
 " pore, and adjacent diftricls, where a very confiderable part of this inland trade centers, 
 " appeared to be too far removed from any of our factories to admit of fuch enquiry fating 
 " made in a fatisfadory and accurate manner; for this reafon, principally, it was agreed, 
 *■' that a fenior fervant fhould be appointed to refide at Rungpore, who fhould have power to 
 •' hear and determine all difputes. 
 
 *' No fooner is this refolution carried into praflice, than fome of the Englifli agents com- 
 ** p'.ain as loudly of injuries fufFered from the authority ot the Englifh refident, as they did 
 " before of the Nabob's government. 
 
 " Shall there then be no government, no reftraint upon thofe excefles, which either igno- 
 •' ranee, paffion, or felf-intereft, may lead an Englifli agent to commit in the couniry? 
 *' This is really the cafe at prefent; and although it is very certain that fome of the Gentle- 
 *' men employed are of unexceptionable character, and whofe good behaviour might be de^ 
 " pended on, yet many there are of a contrary difpofition ; but there need not many arguments 
 " to prove, that both the good and the bad ihould be under fome lav; ; yet if we examine the 
 " cafe of the Englifli agents up the country, we fliall find they are under none. Our 
 *' charter does not authorize our courts to take cognizance of any crimes they might commit 
 " in thefe parts : arid it has been laid down as a fundamental principle, that the country 
 •' government fhall have no power of them. 
 
 " VVc need not look further for the root of that licentioufnefs which has produced fuch 
 •' innumerable complaints from the country government, and the inhabitants in thofe parts 
 *' where European agents have been fent : it can now no longer be doubted, that many of thofe 
 " complaints have been well grounded, particularly in the article ef felling goods by force 
 *' for more than the current market price: a practice called in this country Barja or Gu- 
 ** chavut, 
 
 " All the power we can give the chiefs of our fadlories over thefe agents will be very 
 " infufficient to remedy this diforder, fince we have in reality none ourfelves ; and therefore, 
 *' difagreeable as it is, to deprive fo many of our nation of the benefits they now receive, by 
 •' being employed as agents in the country, yet it feems an unavoidable neceflity, and for the 
 " fake of the public tranquillity and welfare muft be adopted, and the trade carried on for 
 ♦' the future by black gomaftahs, who may be tried and puniflied by our court of zemindary, 
 " if they commit any excefles or acts of injuftice; and that power delegated, as far as ftiaU 
 ** appear necefiary, to the chiefs of the fubordinate factories. 
 
 ♦' It will be objected by thofe concerned in the inland trade, that gomaftahs will be liable 
 
 to be opprefled by the country government, who have taken, and will take, every oppor- 
 *' tunity of reftraining us from that trade which they regard as an innovation ; this obje<5tion 
 *' we believe is very juft, and we fhall expe£t that many difficulties will be found in the be- 
 " ginning in carrying on this trade by gomafl:ahs, but thefe we think may be furmounted by 
 *' fwoper application to the Nabob and his officers ; and, upon the whole, are of opinion, 
 " that all private inconveniences muft be fubmitted to, even the rifque of being entirely de- 
 *' f>rived of the trade, rather than fufFer the inhabitants of the country to be opprefled by an 
 ";abufeof the Englifli name. 
 
 *' It is therefore the opinion of the^oard, and refolved, that all the European, Porta- 
 *' guefe natives, and Armenian agents, which are now up the country, fhall have notice 
 "given them to fettle their concerns, fo as to return to Calcutta by the 30th November next, 
 " and that after that time, no European ftiall be permitted to go up the country under any 
 *' pretence whatfoever, or any other agents be employed in our trade but Bengal natives." 
 
 The Committee alfo read the following paragraphs of a letter from the Court ot Direflors 
 to their Prefidentand Council in Bangal, dated the 8th February 1764; viz. 
 
 Parag. 20. " One grand fource of the difputes, mifunderftandings, and difficulties, 
 *' which have occurred with the country government, appears evidently to have taken its 
 *' rife from the unwarrantable and licentious manner of carrying on the private trade by the 
 *• Company's fervantsi their gomaftahs, agents, and others, to the prejudice of the foubah, 
 " both with refpcifl to his authority and the revenues jiiftly due to him j the diverting and 
 
 taking from his natural fubjefls the trade in the inland parts of the country, to which 
 *' neither we or any perfons whatfoever dependant upon us, or under our proteiRion, have 
 " any manner of right, and confequently endangering the Company's very valuable privi- 
 " leges. Ill order therefore to remedy all thefe diforders, we do hereby pofitively order and 
 « direa," 
 
 Parag. 21. " That from the receipt of this letter, a final and effectual end be forthwith 
 *' put to the inland trade in fait, bectlc-nut, tobacco, and in all other articles whatfoever 
 
 " produced 
 
 tt 
 
 ■<(
 
 [ 197 ] 
 
 «« diiced and coufumed in the country ; and that all European and other agents or gomaftjhs, 
 " who have been concerned in fuch trade, be immediately ordered down to Calcutta, and 
 ''• not luffcrcd to return or be replaced as fueh by any other pcrlons." 
 
 Parag. 22d. " I'hat as our phirmaund privileges of being duty free, are certainly confined 
 " to the Compnny's export and import trade only, you are to have recourfe to, and keep 
 " within, the liberty therein llipulatcd and given, as nearly as poffible can be done ; but as 
 " by the connivance of the Bengal government and conftant ufage, the Company's cove- 
 " nant I'ervants have had the fame beneht as the Company, with refpedl to their export and 
 " import trade, we are willing they fhould enjoy the fame, and that duftucks be granted 
 " accordingly; but herein the moll effetlual care is to b>; taken that no excelles or abufes are 
 " lufTercd upon any account whatfoever, n.ir duftucks granted to any others than our cove- 
 " nant fervants as aforef,;!d. However, notwithflanding any of our former orders, no wri- 
 " tcr is to have the benefitof a duifucK, until he has ferved out his full time of five years in 
 " that ftation ; free merchants and others are not entitled to, or to have the benefit of the 
 " Company's dullucks, but are to pay the ufual duties." 
 
 Parag. 23d. " As no agents or gomaltahs are to rcfide on accoiint pf private trade 3t any of 
 " the inland parts 01 the country, all buUnefs on account of licenfed private trade, is to be 
 " '-arried on by and through theme.ins of the Company's covenant fervants rciident at the 
 ♦' fcvera. lubordinate fi;clories, as has been ufual." 
 
 Parag. 24.th. " We are under the npceifity of giving the before-going orders, in order to 
 " preferve the tranquillity of the country, and harmony with the Nabob ; they are rather 
 " outlines than complete dire»Stions, wfiich you are to add to, and improve upon, agreeabit 
 " to the fpirit of, and 6ur meaning in them, as may be ncceil'ary to anfwgr the defired puf- 
 " pofes : and, if any pcrfon or peifons are guilty of acontravention of them, be they whom- 
 " (oever they may ; if our own fcrvants, they are to be dilmiired the fervice; if others, tht 
 " Company's proteclion is to be withdrawn, and you have the liberty of fending them forthi 
 " with to England, if you judge the nature of the offence requires it," . • 
 
 Read alfo the following paragraphs of a feparate general letter from the Court of DirecSiors 
 of the Eaft-India Company to tlj«k.J;*i;ei"ident and Council in Bengal, dated the 24 December 
 
 Parag. loth. " "V'our deliberations on the inland trade have laid open to us a fcene of moft 
 " ciuel oppreiiion, which is indeed exhibited atone view of the ijih article of the Nabob's 
 " complaints, mentioned thus in your conlukation of the 17th October 1764: ' The poor 
 " of this country, who ufcd always to deal in fait, beetle-nut, and tobacco, are now deprived 
 " of their daily bread by the trade of the Europeans, whereby no kind of advantage accrued 
 ** to the Company, and the Government's revenues are greatly injured.' We {hall for the 
 " prefent obferve to you, that every one of our fervants concerned in this trade, has been 
 " guilty of n breach of his covenants, and a difobedtencc to our orders. In your confulta- 
 " tions of the 3d of May, wefind among the various extortionate practices, the moft: extras 
 *' ordinary one of burjaut, or forcing the natives to buy goods beyond the market price, 
 " which ynu there acknowledge to have been frequently praiitifed." 
 
 Parag. nth. " In your rcfolution to prevent this praflice, you determine to forbid ff, 
 " but ' with fuch care and difcretion as not to affedt the Company's inveftment, as you do not 
 " mean to invalidate the right derived to the Company from their phirmaund, which they 
 " have always held over their weavers ;' as the Company arc known to purchafe their inveft- 
 " ment by ready money only, vvc require a full explanation how this can afteiSt them, or 
 •' how it ever could have been praflifed in the purchafe of their inveftment, which the latter 
 •* part of Mr. Johnfton's minute, entered on confultation the 21ft July 1764, infinuates} 
 " for it would almortjuftify a fufpicion that the goods of our fervants have been put off to 
 " the weavers, in part payment of the Company's inveftment ; therefore we diredt yoju to 
 *♦ make a rigid fcrutiny into this affair, that we may know if any of our fervants, or thofe 
 " employed under them, have been guilty of (uch a b.cach of truft, tliat theirnames and all 
 " the circumflanccs may be known to us," 
 
 Parag. 12. " We alio orecr you to give us the particular inftances which have confirmed 
 " you m your opinion, that the burjaut has been pradtifed, that we may know whofc agents 
 " they were, and whether the agents who praclifcd jtj were countenanced and protedted in 
 " it by their mafters." 
 
 Parag. 13, " Mr. Johnftone's minute or confultation the 21ft: July 1764, cannot efcape 
 *' our notice^ where n he lays, ' The fupport of thefe, and out other privileges, in their 
 " full extent, againll the ufurpation of the late Nabob, engaged us in this unhappy warj 
 *' and after fo many valuable lives loft: in the defence of theni, I AkiU ever be againit parting 
 *' with them, or hazarding the lofs of them witliout greater and better caule than has yet 
 " appeared, and till after we have found by experience, that all other remedies are in vair\.'* 
 
 Parag, 14th. " As the privileges here meant pi incipally relate to the unwarranted inland 
 " trade, in which our own fcrvants have been fo generally concerned greatly to the prejudice 
 " of the Company, by involving their affairs in diftrdics and difticulties, and m:niifeftly 
 " injurious to the country government, of which every one of you cannot but be fully 
 *' I'enfible; we fay, we cannot avoid taking notice of the faid opinion, as by it Mr. John- 
 " ftonc feems to perfevcre in all events to prefer the private interell of individuals to the 
 " general good, fo far as refpciSls the faid inland trade. — If Mr. Johnftonc continues in thefe 
 
 3D " fcntiments.
 
 (( 
 
 <l 
 ti 
 
 [ 193 ] , 
 
 fentiments, as from the general tenor of his conducSt we have too mufh reafon to appre- 
 hend, he cannot but be looked upon as a dan-^crous fcrv.-.nt ; therefore, it he, or nny • 
 other perfons fliall perfift in carrying on a trade, which^ as before obOrved, has been 
 attended with Co many bad confequences, we would have him or tl'.em difmiiled the Com- 
 pany's fervice." 
 
 Parag. 15. " We (hall fay nothing farther at prcfcnt on the inland trade, tiii that import- 
 ant fubjedt (hall have been taken up by LordClive, and the Gentlemen ot the Select Com- 
 mittee; only to obferve, that the regulation propofed in confuhation ijth (3iiober 1764, 
 of confining the trade of our fervants in the article of fair, to the capital cities of Piitna, 
 Dacca, and Murfhedabad, on paying the Nabob two and a half per cent, is a n;anifcll 
 difobediencc of our orders of the 8th February, then under your deliberation, which pofi- 
 tively forbid all trade in fait, bcetle-nur, and tobacco; nor does it by any means obviate 
 the obie£tions arifing from the diftrcfs of the poor, and the injury to his revenues ; for, if 
 you pay only two and a half percent, and the country people twenty, or perhaps forty 
 per cent, it is as much a monopoly as ever. 
 Para-T. 16. " For other licenfed trade, we think it necefTary to cftabl'fh, that all trade to 
 *' be carried on within the provinces where factories are cflablifhed, fhal! be carried on by 
 •' our fervants at fuch fadlories, and their agents only, who fliall tranfact the bufmefs of our 
 *' other fervants, on receiving the eftahliflicd commiffion ; and on any refufal to accept fuch 
 commiflion, or any tendency to monopolize, the fervants at Calcutta, or other part<;, are at 
 liberty to fend their own black gom..ftahs, who areneverthelefs to be accountible fnr their 
 conduct to the Company's fervants within whofe juri('di£lion they refide. — All didric^ts not 
 comprehended within the jurifdidlion of each lubordinate, {hall be confidered as within 
 the jurifdittion of the Board of Calcutta. — That no duftucklhall be given but for articles 
 " of import and export, as was formerly pradifed, and you are to fend us a lill of whatever 
 •' falls under this denomination." 
 
 Read alfo, part of the proceedings of the Prefident and Seledl Committee at Bengal, "«f the 
 II May 1765, viz. 
 
 " The Sele£l Committee, obferving with regret the contempt fhewn for the pofitive and 
 *' repeated orders of the Governor and Council for recalling free merchants refiding up the 
 *' country, 
 
 *' Refolve, That the former orders on that head be now enforced, and letters difpatched 
 " to the chiefs of the feveral fubordinates, requiring them, at the expiration of one month 
 after notice given, to convey in fafety to Calcutta, all who refufe to comply with a mea- 
 fure fo falutary to the Company, and neceffary to the peace and good order of the country. 
 " Being informed alfo, that a great number of Europeans, flragglcrs from fliips, and 
 others, who have no claim from indentures to any fhare of the Company's countenance or 
 protedtion, are varioufly employed up the country, and difperfed all over the Nabob's do- 
 minions, to the great prejudice of the Company, and moleftation of the natives j 
 *' Refolved, They be immediately fecured and brought to Calcutta. 
 " The Committee finding fome difHculty in procuring an exatl account of the names of 
 ** fuch Europeans; 
 
 *' Agreed, That the chiefs of the fubordinate faflories be made acquainted with the re- 
 *' folutions of the Committee, and required to tranfmit, without delay, the mafl accur :;te 
 *• lifts in their power of ail Europeans not immediately in the Company's fervice, who refidc 
 *' in or about their refpectivediftrids." 
 
 Read alfo the following relolution of the Governor and Council of Bengal, at a confuha- 
 tion held the 20th May 1765, viz. 
 
 " Agreed and ordered, in confequence of the proceedings of the Committee laid before 
 " the Board laft council day, that public advertifements be made, enforcing our orders 
 " already given for the return of the Englifh, Portuguefe, and Armenian agents, cm- 
 " ployed in the different parts of the country, to the Prefidency, and requiring all whoever 
 •' moft ftridly to arrive by the frrft of Auguft, and their conftituents to give them due notice 
 *' accordingly." 
 
 Read alfo a letter from the Sele£t Committee of Bengal, dated the 26th July 1765, ac- 
 companying an advertifement as tranfmitted to Dacca, and the reft of the fubordinates, as 
 follows; viz. 
 
 " To John Carticr, Efquire, Chief at Dacca. 
 *' Sir, I am diredtcd by the Right Honourable the Prefident and the members of the 
 *' Sele£t Committee, to rcqueft that you will order the accompanying advercifcment to be 
 *' circulated among the feveral free merchants and other Europeans, refiding in and alwut 
 *' Dacca, as far as the influence of the government and fadory extends, and that you will 
 *' procure the moft exadt account in your power of their names and places of abode, which 
 *' you will pleafe to tranfmit to the Sele6l Committee before the expiration of the time 
 *' Ipecified in the advertifement. I have the honour to be, Sir, 
 
 " Your moft obedient humble fcrvant, 
 " Fort William, (Signed)" Alex. Campbell, 
 
 " the 26th July 1765." 
 
 S. S. C. 
 
 Br
 
 [ ^99 ] 
 
 " Bv order of the Right Honourable the Prefident and the members of the Select Coni' 
 '• mitiec. 
 
 " Public notice is hereby given, that the liberty of refiding up the country, lately granted 
 " to free merchants and others, lor coUedting and finally fettling their concerns, will 
 " pofitively ceafe, and the Company's protciflion be wholly withdrawn, on the 21ft day of 
 *' 0£lobcr next, it being the ablolutc determination of the Sele<fl Committee, not to extend 
 " their indulgence beyond that period, nor to fuftcrany violation of the Company's repeated 
 '* orders for recalling free merchants, he. 
 
 " It is therefore to be hoped that fuch public and early advertifement of the intentions of 
 " the Committee will prevent all perfons concerned from incurring the evil confequences 
 " that may enfuc to them and their conllituents from a difregard to this acSual repeal of the 
 " Company's protection, or from a refraiflory behaviour and pofitive adt of difobediencc to 
 " the Honourable Court of Direitors. 
 
 »' Fort William, thc26 July 1765." 
 
 Read alfo a letter to the Secretary of the Sele£l Committee from Mr. Francis Hare, as 
 follows ; vi'i. 
 
 " To Alexander Campbell, Efquire, Secretary to the Sele(Et Committee. lM^w -" 
 
 " Sir, Til confequence of your favour of the 26th ultimo, I caufed the advertifement yoa 
 " inclofed to be circulated aniongft the free merchants refiding in,,Patna and its diftrids, 
 •• whole names are as follow : 
 
 *' MelTicurs Bryan Scotney, • , 
 
 " Jofcph Hare, y 
 
 *' Alexander Jephfon, 
 
 *' William Hutchinfon, 
 
 " John Hutchinfon, 
 
 " George Lear, 
 
 ** Barrow. 
 
 " Mr. Peter Hare, who is in my employ at a place called Boggi, under the Subahdary of 
 " Patna, has alfo received notice to repair to Calcutta within the time limited by the Com- 
 " mittee. I am, Sir, 
 
 " Your mod obedient fervant, 
 " Patna, Auguft 27th 1765. (Signed) 
 
 " Francis Hare." 
 
 The Committee then read part of the proceedings of the Seledt Committee in Bengal, dated 
 the 5th Odtober 1765, as follows : 
 
 *' Obferving that our orders to the chiefs of the fubordinates to fend'lt^s to the Committee 
 ** of all Europeans refiding within their feveral diftrjdts, who are'not in the Company's fer- 
 ** vice, have been ncgleiled ; ' '!',.' 3 
 
 *' Rcfolved, That we now repeat the above orders, requiring mempofitively not only to 
 " fend the moft accurate lifts in their power, but the perfons - thcmfelves to Calcutta, by the 
 •' 21ft inftant, at which time the Company's protc£tion will abfolutely ceafe, and they muft 
 *' ftand to all the confequences of being left entirely in the power of the country govcrn- 
 *' mtnt." 
 
 Read alfo the following letter from A. W. fenior, to the Prefident and Sele£l Committee, 
 dated at CofTimbuzar, the 23d Odtober 1765, viz. 
 
 " To the Right Honourable Lord Clivc, Prefident, &c. Members Seled Committee, 
 
 " My I/ord and Gentlemen, 
 ♦' 1 have been favoured with your letter of the 7th inftant, and fliall pay due attention to 
 " the orders therein contained. 
 
 " I fhould have immediately complied with your former directions by fending down a lift 
 " of the Europeans and other merchants under our prote£tion refiding within thefe diftri£ls, 
 ** but was not able to procute an exadt one; however I have now inclofed a lift of fuch as 
 *' have come to my knowledge, and who have all had timely notice given of your orders : 
 " bcfide? thefe there are many Europeans, as well as Portuguefe and Armenians, who refidc 
 " at the city of Muxadavad, but I don't find they have any employ at all, and they appear 
 *' to me to be rather under the Nabob's protection than ours. 
 
 " I am, 
 
 " My Lord, and Gentlemen, 
 " Your moft obedient, 
 " Cofliinbuzar, " humble fervant, 
 
 " 23d Oaobcr 1765." " A. W. Senior. 
 
 " Alift
 
 
 J'' 
 
 '^ 
 
 [ 200 ] 
 
 " A lift of European agents and others under the Englifli proteilion rcfiding at the fol- 
 lowing places, viz. 
 
 ♦' Mr. Hargr.ive "> 
 
 Mr. Gundcftrope > at Chilmary. 
 
 Dr. Wafmus -> 
 
 Mr. Maultby at Seebgunge. 
 " Mr. Galloway at Couregong. 
 " Captain Ivie 
 *' Mr. Woodafon 
 
 *' Philip Pollock X ,„ 
 
 ,. T^r. I.- r ' ^ /^ 3' Ragegunge. 
 
 «' Do his fon-in-law ' & & e 
 
 *' Demetrufs 
 
 « Doutie 
 
 ♦♦ One writer at Dewaneunp;e7 T o . • a .> r 
 
 «. T- I^^. . D D ° > In Captain Amyatts fervice. 
 
 ♦' Two D° at Bagon Barry S 
 
 " N. B. There are feveral free merchants who do not come under the name of agents, 
 *« but live entirely with the following Gentlemen at their houfes as clerks, and have not, 
 ** nor have had, any other employ. 
 
 « Mr. William Walker — with Mr. Jekyli, at Rungpore. 
 
 " Mr. JaiTies Dixon — with Mr. Goring, at Comarcoliy. 
 
 *' Mr. Samuel Whitby — with Mr. Wright, at Coflimbuzar." 
 
 And your Committee then dofed the evidence upon the petition of the faid Grcgore 
 Cojamaul. 
 
 II
 
 REPORT 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 COiMMITTEE 
 
 APPOINTED TO E N QJU I R E INTO 
 
 The NATURE, STATE, and CONDITION 
 
 OF THE 
 
 E J Sr INDIA COMPANY, 
 
 AND OF THE 
 
 BRITISH AFFAIRS in the EAST INDIES, 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Printed for T. Evans, No. 54, Paternoftcr Row 
 
 M.DCC.LXXIII.
 
 t 
 
 a o 
 
 Tr- 
 
 n 
 
 ^ 'a a 1 

 
 ^i:^ 
 
 y 
 ^ 
 
 REPORT 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 C O M M I T T E E, &c. 
 
 TH E Committee appointed to enquire into the Nature^ State, and Condition of the 
 Eaft India Company, and of the Britifh affairs in the Eiift Indies, havisio; determined, 
 as the moft proper means of fulfilling the Orders of the Houfe, to continue the piaa 
 of proceeding which ihcy had adopted in the laft Seffion of Parliament, rcfumed their 
 inquiry into the obje£fs ftated under the third head of that plan ; viz, To purfuc by hiftorital 
 deduclion the ftate of affairs in India, the manner in which the [mfent pofieffioiis in that coun- 
 try were acquired, and the different tranfaiftions attendmg thofe acquifitions, beginning with 
 the tranfaiftions of Benga', and dividing them into three periods ; viz. From the elt bliOiment 
 of the prefent Conipany, to the completion of the revolution in the year 1757, from thence to 
 the afluming the Dewannce, in the year 1765, and from thence to the prefent time ; and in 
 each period refpettively to ftate the firuation of the Company's aft.iirs, and the material parts of 
 the conduct of the Conpany's fcrvants with refpe£t to the powers entrulled with them by the 
 Company, in the civil and military dcpartmenf;, in adminiftration of jultice, in the accepting 
 of prcfcnts, in the management of trade, and in the revenues and coinage. 
 
 And your Committee having in their former proceedings begun to inquire into the conduiR of 
 the Company's fervants, v/ith regard to the delivering up of Ramncrain, who had been naib, 
 or deputy governor of Patna, under Jarti^-r Ally Cawn, and was continued through the influence 
 of the Englifh in his naiblhip under Coilim Ally Cawn, the fuccceding nabob ; the tirft b'.jfinefs 
 they entered upon was to finifh that inqiiirv. 
 
 But the Committee remarking, that the inrormatinn the houfe hai? yet received rcl.itivc to that 
 matti-r, is only from a tranfcript of their minutes of lad: year, which the iliortnels of the time 
 obliged them to lay crude before the Houfe ; and wherein neither the heads of evidence arc 
 properly arranged, nor the purpofcs for which the evidence was adduced are ftated ; they thought, 
 it nectlTary in this place to mention, that they conceived the tranfadtions concerning Ramncriiia 
 to be of material confcqucnce in their inquiry ; becaufe thofe tranfactions have been reprcfcntcd 
 to the Company, by one of their principal fcrvants, as the caufe of all others which contiibuted 
 the moft to bring on the war with Coflim Ally Cawn ; and by another priiicip;il fervant it is al- 
 leged, that the delivering up of that perfon was a neceffary duty on the part of the Compnnv, 
 in conformity to the juft rights of the nabob Coflim Ally Ca-.vn, and the treaty fubfiding between 
 hiin and the Company. 
 
 Your
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 ^'our Committee have not found any thina; upon the records of the Company, refpeifling the 
 oriifinal engagements from the Englifli to Kamntrain ; but the Right Honourable Lord C'livc, 
 a member of the Committee, being requefted to lelate what were the engagements entered into 
 by Ramneraln with the nabob, he faid, there was no engagement in writing : that after his 
 lordfhip was called up to the affiftance of Myr JaffitT, in the beginning of the year 1758, his 
 excellency defired him to write to Ramncrain, afluring him of the Englifh protedion ; for that 
 Ramnerain would put confidence in fuch a letter, but not in one from himfelf, and that he fhould 
 by that means get pofleifion of his perfon and might cut off his head — That his lordfbip told 
 him it was not the cuftom of the Knglifli to be guilty of fuch tranf^tStions, that if he was 
 inclined to reduce him by force of arms he was ready to aflift him, but if he chofe that his 
 lordlhip (hould make him any promifes he muft fulfil them — That the nabob preferred the latter, 
 in conkquence of which his lordfhip wrote to Ramnerain, that if he would come into the pre- 
 fcnce, and acknowledge the nabob, he (hould be kept in his government on the fame footing 
 as he had been under Serajah Dowlah — That he came accordingly, paid obedience to the nabob, 
 and was confirmed in his government, upon condition that he (hnuld pay the nabob Myr JafHer 
 the fame rents or tribute as he had paid to Serajah Dowlah 5 what that was his lordfhip could 
 not tell, but he believed he was to have paid a certain fum, which might have been increafed 
 or decreafed upon various circumfiances — That when he took leave of Myr Jaffier, at his de- 
 parture for England, he talked over with him the Hate in which he left the provinces — That he 
 always underftood that Ramnerain remained in the government at Fatna, through the Englifh 
 piottclion, much againft the inclination of Myr Jalfier ; and that if his excellency had had any 
 complaints to have made againft him, he would certainly have made them to his lordfhip ; but 
 that none were made. 
 
 Your Committee next called William M' Guire, Efquire, who having referred, during the 
 courfe of his examination, to feveral papers, in order to elucidate his evidence, your Committee 
 have annexed the faid papers hereunto N° i. to 13. And the witnefs informed your Committee, 
 that he arrived at Patna as chief, on the 4th of January 1761, and was difmifled from the chief- 
 (hip the 19th of Auguft following, confec]uentIy he was not in the fervice when Ramnerain was 
 delivered up ; but the witnefs faid he had received orders for delivering him up, which he would 
 not execute — He could not exactly fay the time at which he received them — That his opinion 
 then was that Ramnerain fliould have been fufpended the fervice, but his perlbn proteded ; and 
 that he underftood, by the term dif'mifling him (which is ufed in different parts of the written cor- 
 refpondence) that his guards fhould be withdrawn, and that he fhould be totally fufpended from 
 all interference in the government till his accounts ftiould be fettled : And the witnefs further 
 faid, that when he was to be difmilled, he underftood that force if ntceflary was to be ufed, to 
 prevent the nabob's feizing him. 
 
 And the Committee obferving, that the witnefs, in his correfpondence with the governor and 
 council, had advifed that Ramncrain (hould be delivered over to the cutchcree, or nabob's court 
 of juftice ; and being afked to explain the reafons of that advice, he ani'wered. That he might 
 be compelled to make up the accounts of the Sircar : That his meaning by the words in his let- 
 ter to the governor and council of Fort William, dated Patna, 31 July, " For whilft he finds 
 " jour honour, &c. are mediators with the nabob, not to difhonour him, he knows he cannot 
 " be obliged to comply ; and under this (belter the nabob muft go without his account?," was 
 not to I'uhject him to the various methods ufed by the cutcheree, to force perfons by torture to 
 fettle their accounts. That he had heard of CJentoos killing themfelves to avoid being difho- 
 noured in that manner. The witnefs further faid. That when Ramnerain came into the kellah, 
 previous to his being driivered over to the cutcheree, the nabob's word was not his only protec- 
 tion, he had the protection of the Englifli ; viz. their promifes that he fhould not be di(honoured ; 
 and that when he advifed that he (hould be turned over to the cutcheree, he conceived him to 
 be ftill under the protedlion of the Engli(h : Then being afked. How Ramnerain could be ame- 
 nable to the cutcheree, if he was under the Engli(h protection .' he faid. As having accounts to 
 fettle with the government : And being further afked, Whether he meant to have refifted any 
 compulfory methods which the nabob might have ufed ? he anfwered. The nabob had promifed 
 not to u'e any fuch. It further appears, from the evidence of the witnefs (taken at a fubfequent 
 period of this enquiry, but inferted here, for the better connedlion of the fubjeJt) that the wit- 
 nefs received from Coffim Ally Cawn 5,000 mohurs, amounting to between 60 and 70,000 ru- 
 pees, on delivering the keys of the kellah at Patna, which was a (hort time previous to the period 
 when Ramnerain was removed fiom the government of Patna : And the witnefs being queftioned, 
 at the fame time of his examination, Whether he ever notified to the court of directors the re- 
 ceipt of this prefent, he declared, He did not. In regard to the colle(Etion of rents by Ramnerain, 
 the witncs f;iid. That he never regularly colle^fted any money, becaufe he forefaw a time would 
 come when he muft render an account : That his manner of raifing money was by receiving pre- 
 fcnts from different lajahs to a large amount; and in another part of his evidence, the witnefs 
 faid, That the country having b^ren in a ftate of war for a confiderable time previous to the de- 
 liver-
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 livering up of Ramnerain, he did not know whether the rents could have been collecled under 
 thofe circumftjnccs : — And the witnefs being afked, What Ramnerain was to have paid for the 
 rent ot Bah.ir ? he l.nd. He never faw any accounts telatiiig thcretii, but that fcnt him by thj 
 council, in which it w.is llaied, that he was to pay ihc n. b';b oi Bengal three lacks of tupees 
 a year ; that he was to pay the chout or tribute to the Manaratta;-, the Jaghiredars, and to 
 keep up a certain number ot forces, all which inii-.ht amount to 40 lacks of rupees a yiar : 
 That the n.ibob did not admit that any fuch agreement had bien made ; but if it had, Ramne- 
 rain could not want a fum fufEcient to make his payments to the nabob. The witnefs did not 
 know whether Ramnerain had paid any rent in Myr Jafficr's time, though the agreement wa^ 
 faid to have been made whilft he was nabob. 
 
 Your Commiute think it proper further to add, that the witrcfs at the clofe of his examina- 
 tion dcfued it to be undetllood, that thuugh he was under houily expeiffation ( f being dilinifled, 
 and had received orders in the intermciiiaic time for dellverina up Ramnerain to be brought to 
 fettle his accounts, by luch means as the nabob fhould think proper ; yet he did not deliver 
 him over till the 19th of Auguft, when hf gave him to Mr. Hay under a guaid of protedlion ; 
 and that he coinpromifcd matters with the nabob fur 50 lacks of rupees in the beginning of Sep- 
 tem'^iT following. 
 
 Your Commitice then called Genera! Carnac, a member cf the Houfe, who being requifteJ 
 to g'VL- an account of ihi. affair ot Rismneiain, he referred to his letters to the Select Commifee 
 an J gTveri-.or and council, copies of v.hich are hereunto annexe^, N^ 14 and 15 ; and faid, 1 liat 
 b-fidts i.'-w oftisrs made him by Rajabullub, as exprehed in the above letters, he received many 
 large ones from the nabob himfeif, for his afnilance to remove Ramnerain, and had no doubc 
 but that great ones viere made to Colonel Coote, who was his fuperior : — Ihat the offer f om 
 the nabob was no fpcrdic fum, but unlnnited : — That he could not recoiled! the terms on which 
 Ramnerain was to hidd the naibftiip of Fatna, but was certain f me eng.iyemcnts were entered 
 into by Lord Clive, to fupport him in ihe r.aibat; And being afkcd. What were the circum- 
 ftances relative to the delivering up of Ramnerain ? he laid. He concluded that the Englifli pro- 
 tedtion was withdrawn from hnn immediately on the witnefs's leaving Patna, being certain that 
 he was recalled from thence, becaufe the council were confcious, that fo long as he was there 
 he would not luffcr that protciSion to be withdrawn. : That, upon his removal, the military com- 
 mand was placed under the chief of the fadlory, as was ufual when the commandin'' officer pre- 
 fent was not above the rank of a captain ; and that he was certain tne field oflicers were called 
 away, that it might be fo on this occafion ; — 'ih.t there had not been any difputes between the 
 civil and milit.iry powers previous to his recal, which might account for it : — That there were 
 fome flight difFerences between Mr. M Guirc and himfeif fubieeiuent to it, but none between 
 him and any other perfons : That Ramnerain was put to death by Loflim Ally Cavvn, as well as 
 Rajabullub his competitor, and almoft every Gentoo in the province of any rank or fortune, 
 molt of which (ect were well difpolVd to the Engliih, and rich. — Then Mr. Vanfntart's minute, 
 20th July 1761, being read, wherein Ramnerain is ftated to be hiyhiy culpable towards the na- 
 bob, and that this conduct had put it out of the power of the prthJent and council to protect 
 him longer in fo (hameful an injuftice ; (a copy of v/hich is hereunto annexed, N" 16.) The 
 w.tnefs obferved, in vindication of Ramnerain, th.it the piovince of Bahar had been a fccne of 
 war and defolation the whole preceding year : That the Shahdazah had remaining in the pro- 
 vince with a numerous army, fo that all refourccs from thence were cut oft": And bcin? afked, 
 whether Ramnerain owed confiderable fums to Coifun Ally Cawn at the time he was delivered up ? 
 he faid He firmly believed not ; becaufe as Lord Clive left Bengal the beginning of i 760, and had 
 an audience to take leave before his dcp.uiure, the witnefs conceived, if Ramnerain had been in 
 arrear to the nabob to any confiderable ^m;.unt, the nabob would not have failed taking no;ice of 
 it to his iordftiip. And being afked. If he had heard of the Shah/.adah having made any otYers to 
 Ramnerain during his invallon of the Bahar province, if he would deliver up the city of Patna to 
 him ? he faid. He could not particularly recolledl, but had no doubt that u hen the Shahzadah was 
 befieging the city, he would have rewarded Ramnerain very handlomcly, if he had been b.tfe 
 enough to betray the city to him : And being quefl:ii>ned whether he h.id any converiation with 
 Mr. Hay, relative to the circumftances of Ranmerain, and the demand, made upon him by the 
 nabob ? he faid. He was confident that Mr. Hay had an ei]u.il repugnancy with hinilelf, to the 
 withdrawing the Englifli protection from Ramnerain ; and that if he was the perlbn who exe- 
 cuted the orders of the council to deliver him up, he did it with great reluctance. 
 
 The matter contained in the above examination, and the papers referred to in the appendix 
 connedtcd with what will appear upon the journals in the proceedings of lalt )ear, is all the Com- 
 mittee have colleifled upon the fubject of Ramnerain. 
 
 But, in order to give further lights to the Houle upon the pra«Stices of that period, between 
 the Company's fcrvants and the Country powers, in matters of protection, and alfo tu flicw the 
 jcaloulies the nabob Coffim Ally Cawn entertained on that (ubject, and tlie determination he had 
 formed to make exemplary punifliments of thofe who fliould feck protedioii of thg Englifli ; 
 
 ^ "^ Yeuir
 
 ( 6 ) 
 
 Your Committee entered into the examination of the circumftanccs relating to the feizing; and 
 
 or contracting, merchants, at the CofTimbuzar fadlory, in Mr. Watts'schlcffliip ; and he had hke- 
 wife been employed as the Company's vackcel, or agent at the nabob's court, but not fmce the year 
 1756. That at the time he was feized, he was in fome employment under Coflim Ally Cawn : 
 That when Mr. Vanfittart made Myr Coflim nabob, he permitted Mr. Mott, an Englifhman, to 
 rcfide at Muxadabad as a banicer ; that Harris Choudry complained to the witneCs, that Mr. Mott 
 was about to feize a houfe or piece of land at Muxadabad, which belonged to him, and con- 
 vinced him that Mr. Mott was going to do a piece of injultice, and obtained of him fome Seepoys 
 for the protedtion of his property ; — That Mr. Mott, prefuming on the influence he had over the 
 nabob, by Mr. Vanfittart's means, did not defift from feizing the houfe, but applied to the gover- 
 nor of Muxadabad for Seepoys, and a fray happened bet>veen the two parties, in which he believed 
 fome were wounded ; in coiifcqucnce of which, Harris Choudry was feized, and after fome confine- 
 ment blown away fioni the mouth of a cannon. — The witnefs believed Mr. Vanfittart did notufe 
 his influence with the nabob to favc him, deeming his execution a juft reward for his rebellion, as 
 he declared at the board, upon the witneis fpeaking in his favour. The witnefs could not fay whe- 
 ther it was uiiderilood by the nabob, that he was under the Company's protedlion by having their 
 Seepoys, but faid that he granted him Seepoys as having been in the Company's fervice as vackeel 
 of the fadory. — The witnefs further faid, He believed Harris Choudry was put to death merely on 
 account of the contcfl with Mr. Mott ; and did not know of any application of the governor and 
 council to fave him. — He believed Harris Choudry had no opportunity of making fuch application 
 himfelf, beintj clofe prifoner ; but believed fome letters pafl<;d between .Mr. Vanfittart and him on 
 that fubjedl. 
 
 Your Committee, purfuant to the order they had eftablifhed, preceded in the next place to ex- 
 amine further into the caufcs of the war between Coflim Ally Cawn and the Company. The ge- 
 neral notoriety of many of thofe circumllances, and the different realonings of the gentlemen of the 
 council in Bengal upon them, makes it unnecefTary, in the judgment of the Committee, to burthen 
 the Houfe with a recital at large of all that appears upon the records to have been written and ar- 
 gued upon this fubjecl ; and they have therefore thought their duty to the Houfe fulfilled, in fe- 
 lectine, from the multiplicity of papers to which they have had recourfe, fuch parts as will authen- 
 ticate the principal (zth, as will fuccinctly (hew the origin and nature of the difputes, and as will 
 elucidate the parole evidence; all which are contained in the Appendix, N° i 7 to 63. 
 
 And your Committee again examined Stunlake Batfon, Efquire, who being defired to give an 
 account of the effedfs of promulgating the Mongheer treaty, a copy of which is hereunto annex- 
 ed, N° 64, faid. That on the fame being made public, the nabob Coffim Ally Cawn fent orders 
 to all his zemindars and officers to prevent the Eiiglifh from trading in fait, beetle nut, and to- 
 bacco .- That by one letter, which fell into the hands of the Englifh, it appeared, that the nabob 
 
 had ordered the man to whom it was addreifed to (lop the Englifh in their trade, all but his friends 
 Mefficurs Vanfntatt and Haffings : That the faid letter ought to be upon the confultations ; and 
 he was fure that the words " all but my friends Vanfittart and Haftings," or to that purpofe, 
 were in the letter read at the board ; and that the order was to (fop the trade. That in his 
 opinion the breach with CoflTiin Ally Cawn arofe from his defire and intention of making himfelf 
 totally independent of the Englifli, and not trom any inordinate defire of the Englifh to carry on 
 the trade of the country without paying him his duties : — That he never heard that the gentle- 
 men en'^ajed in the fait, beetle nut, and tobacco trade, refufcd paying the old elfablifhed duties, 
 but that the Enf^lifh in general traded duty free. That to the beft of his knowledge the Englifh 
 traded, prior to the year 1756, in all articles except lalt, beetle nut, tobacco, lalt petre, and 
 chutta filk, which were all farmed out; — That fait is an import at Bengal, being made at Maf- 
 fulapatam and in Pcrlia ; and that for his firft adventure in that article, which was juft after the 
 battle of Plalfy, he had the nabob's duftuck, and of courfe paid no duties ; but could not recol- 
 ledt whether he paid any afterwards : That the Englifh began to trade in fait about the end of 
 J 7575 'oo" ^'^'^■' which it became general, l^hat Coflim Ally Cawn threatened to lay open the 
 trade of Bengal duty free, but he believed never did ; That if the order had been put in exe- 
 cution all nations would have been on the fame footing as the Englifh : — That the Englifh refuf- 
 in"- to pay the nabob's duties was alleged as one caule of the breach between them, but the wit- 
 nefs believed it was not really fo, being only a pretence. 
 
 Then General Carnac, a member of the Houfe, being examined as to the caufes of the differ- 
 ences between Coflim Ally Cawn and the Englifh, (aid. That in his opinion Coflim Ally Cawn 
 was determined from the beginning to fet himfelf out of the reach of the Englifh power as expe- 
 diiioufly as poflible : and that it was natural he fhould do ("0, having no fecurity for the Englifh 
 faith beinp: better kept with him than his predeceftbr Myr Jaffier, who had been eftablifhed by the 
 unanimou^ approbation of the whole lettlenunt, and that act was concurred in by Admiral W'atlon, 
 
 who
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 who then commanded his Majefly's fquadron in India ; whereas this revolution was effected on'y 
 by a lew members of the then adminiftraiion, who availed theinfelves of an occilional majoritv i 
 and every ad of Co/lim Ally Cawii's (hewed hii difpufuion : he cxprelled his relentmint on all 
 occafions agaiull fuch perfons ot theccuntry as had any intcrcourfe with the Englifh, iv that none 
 of the officers of the government dared vilit theKiiglifh in the familiar manner which had been 
 ulual for two or three years part ; he removed the feat of the i;i>vcrnii]ent from iVIuxadabad, which 
 had been the metropolis of his predcceliors for feveral years pjft, and intended to have c(tabli(hed 
 it at R.i|amau! ; but at this time chiefly refided at Monghcer, which was ftill confiderably further 
 from the £iit;li(h (ettlemeot. In all parts ot the country, of .Monj^heer and Dacca particularly, 
 they were bufily employed in making arms for him ; he dilmiilcd moft of the troops that had been 
 in the employ of his predecefl;)r, from a fufpicion of their having an attachment to the Englilh ; 
 anc ^ot a new fetof Mogul officers in his lervicc, who brought new troops with them ; he raifcd 
 and d.lclplincd a confiderable number of Seepoys, and collected as large an army as he could, at a 
 great cxpence. unnecelLriiy, as by the tieaty with the Englifh they were to lend him afiiflante in 
 calc his affa IS required it ; he endeavoured to cut off' the connnunication between the factoiv of 
 Patna and the city, by (hutting up a gate contiguous to the factory, and fenced the part of the 
 city toward the nver with a wall, to the great inconvenience of the Company's boats ; and this 
 could only have been done with holtile intentions, as the vicinity ot the factory and the Englifh 
 trot ps therein were the beft defence he could have on that fide. 
 
 Tnc wirnefs obfervcd. That many inltances of the like nature are particularized in a minute of 
 Mr. Amyatt's to the council, in the month of Apiil J 762, which mumte was read, and is in the 
 Appendix, N" 65 ; and numberlefs letters from the chiefs of every factory, particularly towards 
 0(Sabcr 1762, com()lained of fuch opptelTuns and violations ol the Englifh rights, as indicated 
 an abfolute deiermination to qu-rrel. 
 
 Tne witnefs further laid. That the principal advifcrs of CoHim Ally Cawn in thefe meafures were 
 the Armenians, who fecmcd to wilh to have the Eiiglifli extirpated fiom the country, that the prin- 
 cipal (hare of the commerce might be carried on through them : That one Coja Gregory was at the 
 head of his armv, and he had leveral Aimenians in the command of his Seepoy battalions. 
 
 The witnefs did not think there was any violation of treaties on the part of the Englifh ; he 
 faid there might have baen, and probab y there were, fome abuils in the article of trade; and 
 that thole in the Englifli adniiiiiftration who were the friends of Coflim Ally Cawn took great 
 pains to have it rcprclcnted, that what wascalled inland trade was the fourceof our difagreemcnt 
 with him, and were very induftrious in proving that trade illegal. 
 
 Being afked, Whether the complaints alleged by Coflim Ally Cawn againff Mr. Ellis in par- 
 ticular were founded, he laid. He did not believe they were ; but that the nabob had been in- 
 duflrioufly taught to believe, that every gentleman who did not approve of the revolution was 
 hortilc to him, and from thence he had been gui'ty of leveral inltances of difrefpi'Jt to them, 
 and lefufed a viht from Mr. Ellis, an indignity that had never before been offered to the chief 
 of a factory : That this, with other circuniliances, might naturally excite perhaps too (Irong a 
 degree of refcntment in a gentleman who was of a very warm difpofition. 
 
 And the witnefs being further examined in regard to the military tranfactions of that period, faid. 
 That on the I ft of January 176 1, he took the command of the ami)', which lay encamped clofe to 
 Patna, the capital of the province of Buhar, then in a mort diffracted ftatc. The Shahzadah, who 
 had in his (ervice Mcnficur Law, with the fhattetcd remains of his countrymen from Charderna- 
 gore, was in Congar Cawn's country, not mo:c than 50 miles from Patna, whither the difaflcdcj 
 I ajahs flocked to his ftandard, and every zemindar m.ide a pretext of tiie ti oubles to evade payment 
 of his flipulated revenue, fo that all recourfes from that province were at a fland — Moreover the 
 iIindo(tan troops, who compofed part of the army, were grown outrageous from the changes of 
 j;overnment, as they delpaired recovering the immenfe arrears of pay due to them by the dcpofed 
 nabob their late malter — 'I'he fuccefs ot the engagement with the Shahzadah, the 15th of the 
 month, happily retrieved the piovince; foi the particulars whereof, and of the fui render of the 
 Shahzadah in conlequence, he referred to his public letters in the Company's records ; and pro- 
 ceeded to fay, that the council wcrepleafcd to hoiiour him with a letter of thanks, da ted 26th inflant; 
 and on the I9;h Auguft 1762 they comniunicated 10 him an extract of a letter from the Court of 
 iJire(ftors dated jgth Eebruary, containing their thanks likewife. The protection afforded by the 
 Englifh to the Shahzadah occafione.;! much difcontcnt and jcaloufy to the nabob Coflim Ally Cawn ; 
 nor wai the prince ealy on hi.-- part, having bttn exceedingly alarmed by an infurrectlon in his camp, 
 the 23d of April, in which he would molt piohably have been cut oti but for the timely interpo- 
 iition of the wimcfs — TheShah?.adah fulpiited this inlurredtion to have been fct on foot by Coflim 
 Ally Cawn ; that the prince hnding, that neither the piefidcncy nor the nabob were in a condition 
 to favour him to the exti iit of his wilhes, he was lolicitous to leave the Englifh army. 
 
 That in the interim Colonel Coote arrived at the arniy, loon after which the Shah/ad.'h bean 
 his march from Patna — That he was conduifted by the witnefs to the Caitmnafla (the river that 
 fepar.itcs the province of l^ahar from Sujah Duwla's countr)'' — That he croflcd the river the 21ft 
 of June, and was met the fame day a li.\v milts efV by Sujah Etwia. '1 iiC witnefs proceeded to 
 
 la >
 
 ( 8 ) 
 
 fav. That all poflibility of accommodation, from the continual fcries of difputes which had fub- 
 fifted between the Ena;lifl'i and CofTim Ally C.iwn, being cut off by the inhuman murder of Mr. 
 Amyatt and the gentlemen of his family, and his attendants, as they were rerurning unoer the 
 faith of a fafe conduct to Calcutta, a war was declared againft him the beginning of July 1763 ; 
 the rcftoration of Myr Jafner was refoived on, and he was proclaimed acvordin2,ly. The minute 
 of Gener?! Carnac to council, ^.th July, on tliat matter, is in Append, x, N"66. 
 
 'I"hc witnefs further faid. That C(>lonel Coote being departed for Europe, the chief command de- 
 volved upon Major Adams, of his Majefty's 84th regiment ; that he the witnefs was ordered upon a 
 fepar:ite command, for the fecurity of the province ot Burdwan ; but as the main army of Coflim Al- 
 ly CiV.-n v. as movin:i downwards, it was afterwards judged neccfl'.iry, that the detachment under 
 hi<: command (hould join the Major, who had made his way through every oppofition to the capital, 
 and pofllfled himfelf of it by ftorm ; that he effiited that junction with the utmoll difficulty, on ac- 
 count of the floods, and arrived in time to have a fhare of the battle of Geriah, the 2d of Augull ; 
 that by the end of the year, after a campaign commenced and profccuted under the inconceivable 
 hardfliips and difficulties which inevitably attend being in the held during the violence of the wet 
 fcafon in Bcnsjal, ColTim Ally Cawn was driven out of the provinces, and fignalized his flight by 
 the unparalleled and barbarous mallacre in cold blood of every P^nglifli gentleman, as well civil as 
 military (Mr. Fullert'.n only excepted) and of a number of Oiher perfons, amounting in the whole 
 to near 3CO, who had the misfortune, through mifchances of war, to be his prifoners. 
 
 A-nd in order to fhew the progrefs of the war with Coffim Ally Cawn, and his final expulfion 
 out of the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa ; and likevvifc to fhew what proportionable aids 
 had been given by the Company and the Crown in the courfe of that war ; 
 
 Your Conimit'.cc thought it proper to enquire into the capital points of the military tranfaiSfi- 
 ons in the year 1763, and for that purpofe examined Major William Grant, who informed the 
 Committee, That he was in India in the year 1763, in the fcveral (iations of lieutenant in the ar- 
 my, fecretary and aid de camp to Major Adams, and field engineer ; Major Adams was the elded 
 major in his Majefly's 84th regiment, and commander in chief of the troops in Bengal ; which 
 troops, when the major took the held againft ColTim Ally Cawn, amounted to 600 Europeans and 
 nine companies of Seepoys, each company coni'dting of 100 men ; and a detachment of the com- 
 pany's troops, confiding of 100 Europeans and a battalion of Seepoys were at that time at Mid- 
 napore, who were ordered to join him, and actually did fo after the Iforming the lines of Muxa- 
 dabad ; that, exclufive of the army abovementioned, there was a detachment of 50 Europeans, the 
 Black Cavalry, and three companies of Seepoys, with two guns, ordered on as an advanced guard 
 of the army, on the 25 June to Ambore, and intended for the proteftion of the Burdwan province ; 
 this detachment was with very great difficulty equipped, there being a great want of bullocks for 
 tiraviing the artillery and carrying the tents, likewile of boats, cooleys, and almoft every other ne- 
 ccfl'ary. Of the number of about 650 Europeans as above (fated, about 420 might be King's troops, 
 and the reft were the troops of the company. On the 26th of June, the army marched in order 
 to join the advanced detachment at Ambore, where they arrived the loth of July. — On the 4th, 
 it had been determined by the board to proclaim Myr Jaffier nabob, having the preceding day re- 
 ceived fbme alarm of the account of Mr. Amyatt and the Coffimbuzar faftory, though no certain 
 intelligence had been procured, the letter carriers having been driven from their relpcctivc ftations- 
 by order of Coflim Ally Cawn. On the loth they received intelligence of the total defeat of the 
 troops at Patna, and a confirmation of the mallacre of Mr. Amyatt at Coffimbuzar. On the 
 I ith, the nabob .Vlyr Jaffter Ally Cawn, after having concluded the treaty with the governor and 
 council, left Calcutta to join the army, and that the witnefs attended him as his elcort. That 
 on the 17th, they joined the army, then advanced to Agurdeep. On the 19th they came to a 
 general engagement with the enemy, under the command of Mahomed Tucky Cawn at Bullo- 
 para, when They gained a compleat victory, and in confequence of which the enemy abandoned 
 Cutwall, a fort on the conflux of the rivers Coilimbu/ar and Agar. 
 
 The witnefs defired to obfeive, that they made an acquifition of bullocks, which were very 
 much wanted ; for that had it not been for the indefatigable exertion of Mr. Johnfon, chief of the 
 Burdwan, the army could not have pofTibly advanced thus far. That he not only fupplied them with 
 bullocks but with money likewife, for which they were in fuch diflrefs, that when they took the 
 field there were not io,oco rupees in the public treafury. That on the 23d, the army advanced 
 to Chunna Colly, and on the 24th in the morning ftormed the enemy's inveltments at Mootejil, 
 by which they got pofTcflion of \1uxadabad, with about 50 pieces of cannon of different cullevirs. 
 That about the 27th or 28th, the armv croffed the Coliimbuzar river, and were joined by the 
 detachment bcforenicntioned t'rom Midnapore. That on the 2d of Auguft, after crolTing a nulla 
 or ravine in the face of the enemy, they came to a general engagement with the whole of their 
 troops, in a plain remarkable for the former defeat of Sultan Sujah, called Geriah : That the 
 enemy had collected their whole force, confiding of 10 or 12 battalions of Sepoys regularly dil- 
 ciplined, and (by report) of 15,000 horfe, with 17 pieces of cannon, mounted in the Englilh 
 manner, being many of them taken from their army and factory at Patna, and wcrked by ijo 
 Europeans, 'J'hat after an obftinate difpute of four liours, in which the enemy broke a part, of 
 
 the
 
 ( 9 ) 
 
 the Englifli troops, had taken polTefilon of two pieces of their cannon, attacked his Maicfiy's 
 tJ+th rc<;iment in front and rear, they gained a coniplcat Victory, the enemy havini; abandoned 
 ail their cannon, together with 150 boats loaden with grain and other ftorcs. That on thu 
 lith, the army advanced to (Jutahnulla, a fort which the enemy had fortified, being fituate 
 between the chain of hills and the river ; from the former to the latter they had thrown up an 
 intrenchment, on which they had mounted about 100 pieces of cannon ; the intrenchmcnt was 
 full of water, deep, and about 50 or 60 feet broad, the ground in front was fwanipv, and no 
 poflibiliiy of an approach but on the bank of the river, wIiltc the ground was dry for about the 
 breadih of I CO yanis ; there they thought it neceilary to make a fhew of a re:;ular attack, in 
 order to draw off the enemy's attention frcni the banks next the hill ; but as ihey were daily 
 harraflcd by numerous bodies of their cavalry both in front and rear, they were under the ne« 
 Ceffity of extending their incampmcnt ; alter having aniuftd the enemy with ilu-ir approaches 
 and batteries on the bank of the river, where they made a falle attack, on the 5th of Septem- 
 ber they made the real one, on the foot of the hill ; in which after an obfliiiate refillance thev 
 fucceeded, and got pofTeflion of the whole of their cannon, having made a vciy great flaughter 
 of the enemy, and taken about 1,000 of their cavalry prifoners. It was reported, that Coilini 
 had 60,000 people in arms in that intrenchment, and the whole Knglifli army did net amount 
 to more thari 3,000 firelocks : That about the end of September thuy advanced to the neigh- 
 bourhood of iXionghecr, which they weic obliged to attack regularly, and in the begiimirjg of 
 Otkober, alter having made a practicable breach, tiie gartifon, coufilling of 2,coo Seepoys, ca- 
 pitulated. Tht place Coflim had 'made his capital, and had itrengihencd as much as. his 
 time and circuniftances would admit. 1 here they received accounts of the maflacre of {lie 
 Engiifli gentlemen and foldicrs, who wcie |)ri(oncrs of war, amouiitin^!; altOL'.ether to about 
 200, at Fatiia, and other places. — -And the witnefs obferved, I'hat at Chabaud, when on 
 march to Monghccr, Major Adams received a letter from Coflim Ally (Jawn, fignifying his re- 
 folution, in calc the army (hould advance further, to cut off the tnglifh gentlemen in his pof- 
 feflion. At that lime MefTieurs Adams, i5.itfon, and Carnac wrote to McHieuis E lis and Hay, 
 recommending to them to endeavour to purchafe their liberty of the guard who were over them, 
 at any price ; to which they returned for anivver. That they ought not to be attentive to them, 
 for they muft fubmit to their fate; and ctlued that no coiiliJi.ration of their iUuation fhould 
 prevent the army from proceeding in their operations. 
 
 The witnefs further obferved, That it was while the army lay at Chabaud that they were in- 
 formed that Ramnerain and rajah ijullub were fent out in a boat from Mongheer, before CoHini 
 had left it, to a little reach in the river, in light of the gairifon, where they were put to death ; 
 and about the fame time raja f'utta Sing, and nine more of Ramiierain's relations, were like- 
 wile put to death ; and that on the advance of the army towards Patna, th' y found the bodies 
 of the two fetts buried in an apartment of a houle at Bahar ; they had been put to death by 
 CoiHin's order, and cxpofed under a guard of Seepoys, to bealts and birds of prey, that they 
 might not be burned, according to the ntes ol their religion, being Gsntoos. 
 
 And the witnefs proceeded to relate, that about the end of the month they were advanced to 
 the environs of Patna, which place, after a ipiritcd defence, they made themfelves maflers of on 
 the 6th of November, by (torni, the enemy having, in the courfe of the fiege, got pollellion of 
 one of their batteries, and blown up their m.ig.viine. After the capture of Patna the enemy mace 
 n-> further ftand. — Ihe army advanced about the end of December to the banks of the Carum- 
 nalla, the boundary of the province, at which time Collim, with the ihattered remains of his 
 army and treafurc, were waiting to complete his bridge of boats over the Ganges, in order to 
 crofs over to Sujah Dowlah's country, which he entered on the 4th of December. On the qih. 
 Major Adams le!t the aimy under the command of Major Knox, intending to embark for Eu- 
 rope, and, by particular defirc ol the nabob, permitted the witnefs to remain twenty days witli 
 the army, during which interval fomc of Collim's cmilldries were biify with tl-.c foreigners in 
 their army, three of whom delcrtcd, and were two days afterwards taken. Major ICnox'.s in- 
 difpolitioii, he imagined, prevented his application to Major Adams for a warrant to try tliofo 
 delerters — they remained in coiiHnemcnt when .Vlajor Knox and he left tlie army, about the 
 end of December, and he believes were not at lali: tried by a general court martial. The troops 
 at this time laying inacli\e on the frontiers of the province, entertained an idea that they would 
 not proceed to the necellary feverity of military puniflimcjits, and in his opinion this was the 
 firfl grounds of the mutinous difpufition which pievailed in their army for Come time after, and 
 had well nigh occafioncd the iofs of the whole province. That about ihe middle of January 
 he arrived at Calcutta, where he received the lirff account of Major Adanib's death. 
 
 The witnefs being quellioncd as to the co'ulition of Collim /\lly CaiA'iTs army, he laid, it was 
 better appointed, and better difciplined, than he had ever feen an Indian army before ; And be- 
 ing afked. Whether, on the march of the army under Major Adams, the pr(,b ibility of fucccfs 
 was on the fide of the Englifli or Myr Collim ? he laid. To a reflc<5tiiig mind it mull evidently 
 have appeared in favour ot Coilim, though the tioops weie, he bL-li.ved, ail determined to a 
 man, cither to conquer or die, thcic being no other refource. 
 
 C J he
 
 ( 10 ) 
 
 The witnefs was alfo adceJ, where Coflim Ally Cawn was fupplicd with the great quantities of 
 artillery he all along appeared to have had i' he faid, That he purchalcd the greateft part ofhi^ field 
 artillery clandeftineiy ot the Europeans ; that he had carriages made by his own people from Englifh 
 models; but two fix pounders were delivered over to him at Patna (by whom he does not know] 
 and that his carriages were made with elevating fcrews, and in every refpedt as good as the models. 
 
 And in order further to (hew the military tranfadtions of that period, and the rife and progrefs 
 of the war with Sujah Dowlah, 
 
 Your Committee lay before the Houfe the papers in the Appendix marked 67 ; and further re- 
 fer to the evidence of Colonel Monro, entered in the journals of laft year, and then taken before 
 the witnefs left London, upon a fuppofition that the Committee would have been able to have 
 reached that period in their examinations. 
 
 Your Committee proceeded in the next place to inquire into the condu(?l: of the Company's 
 fervants upon the death of Myr Jaffier, into the part they took in the eftablifhment of his fuc- 
 celfor, Nudjum ul Dowlah, and into the motives upon which they adtd ; and your Committee 
 find, That iVlyr Jaftier, fome lime before his death, had aflbciatcd in the government his fecond 
 fon, Nudjum ul Dowlah, then about twenty years of age, and declared him his fucceflor : That 
 at the death of Myr Jaffier, which happened in the month of January in the year 1765, Mr. 
 Middleton, then rcfid' nt at the Durbar on the part of the Company, was prefent at the cere 
 mony of placing Nudjum ul Dowlah on the mufnud, and gave and received the cuftomary nazars 
 (or complimentary prefents) on that occafion. 
 
 That it was reiolved by the governor and council to fend a deputation, confifting of fijur gen- 
 tlemen of the council, viz. Meil'rs. Johnftone, Leycefter, Senior, and Middleton, with the in- 
 Itrufticms annexed in the Appendix, N"' 68. 
 
 That the faid deputation, after fome negociation, which is explained in the fubfequent evidence 
 and papers annexed, concluded a treaty with the nabob : And in order to obtain further lights in 
 the above tranfactlon, your Committee examined Ralph Leycefter, Efquire, who informed your 
 Committee he was a member of the council of Calcutta in 1765 ; that upon the death of Mvr 
 Jaffier, the governor and council, on the part of the Company, refoived to acknowledge his el- 
 dcft fon, whom the late nabob had, a fhort time before his death, aflbciated with him in the go- 
 vernment, as his fucceflor to the mufnud — the terms on which fuch acknowledgement was to be 
 made, neceffatily brought to the recollection of the governor and council the (everal inconveni- 
 ences which had been felt under the late treaty with Myr Jaffier ; and it was a duty they owed the 
 Company, by whofe arms Nudjum ul Dowlah was to be fupported in his government, to fHpulate 
 fuch conditions as fhouKl be convenient to their affairs — from the time the barrier betwetn the 
 country government and the Company had been broke down, contefts for power had arifen be- 
 tween them, till in 1763 the Englifli affairs were brought into a moft critical fituation by a war 
 ■with Coflim Ally Cawn : — In the new treaty therefore with Jaffier Ally Cawn, in 1763, it had been 
 ftipulated, that he fhould not maintain above 12,000 horfe, and 12,000 foot — thus deprived of 
 power to become formidable to the Englifh, he had no military force that could add flrength to 
 their army during the war with Sujah Dowlah, which fur fome time wore fo ferious an afpecl as 
 to oblige the fervants of the Company to augment their forces, which, together with the great 
 didance of the fcene of adlion, iiicreafcd the military expences beyond the extent of the Com- 
 pany's funds in Bengal — this was reprefented to the nabob in Oclober 1764, and he was with dif- 
 ficulty prevailed on to contribute five lack< of rupees per month, towards the expence of the army, 
 fo long as the war with Sujah Dowlah fhould laft : — The little affiftance that had been received 
 from any forces that had been kept up by the nabob, convinced the council, that the intire defence 
 of the provinces mufl: henceforth reft upon the Englifh army — it was therefore thought wili; and 
 prudent to difcharge the nabob from the expences of keeping up any military force but fuch as 
 fhould be necefi'ary for the parade and dignity of government, the diftributing of jullice, and the 
 bufinefs of the colleftions ; and in order to indemnify the Company for the increafcd burthen of 
 their expences, it was refoived to piopofe to the nabob, that the temporary affignment of five lacks 
 per month fhould be converted into a perpetuity, fo long as the exigencies of the Company's af- 
 fairs fhould require it, or there was a ncceffity for keeping up fo large a force for the defence of 
 the provinces — The eftabliflied income of the Company at this period was about j^". 1,400,000 per 
 annum, including the five lacks per month, and exclufive of Goffipore, which had been ceded t» 
 the Company by the King, and had yielded to the Company near £. 230,000 per annum — the 
 military expences, including the charge of fortifications, amounted to about /,. 1,100,000 per 
 annum — civil expences of fettlement tt) about £. 200,cco per annum ; fo that there would hdve 
 remained a clear income to the Ccmpany of about £. 350,000 to be employed in the purchafe of 
 invertment,', exclulive of the profit; arifnig from the falesof goods imported from Europe. — Such 
 was the fituation of the Conipanv in point of income in April 1765; and repeatedly as the Di- 
 rectors had enjoined their I'erv'ants not to extend their territorial objedts, the council thought the 
 converting the temporary alligiiment of five lacks into a perpetuity was the moft eligible mode of 
 afcertaining to the Companv proper refources for their prodigious military difburfements ; and if 
 the inmienfe expcncc of inainuinii'tr an arniv lufticient to defend the provinces be cojifidered. it
 
 ( ir ) 
 
 will be found, that the nabob was left in a fituation as defirable as any of his predeceiTur? . The 
 military of the nabob was another very important point to be fettled — The old nabob had been 
 fo rivetted to Nundcomar, a man of a very bad character, that the whole affairs of Kovernnient 
 had been committed to him without any controul ; he had once been convicted before the board 
 of allifling our enemies in their defisjns on Bengal ; and though very ftrongly fufpected of carry- 
 ing on a treacherous correfpondence with our enemies during the war with Sujah Dowlah, ytt 
 the nabob, notwithftanding the remonftrances oi the board, continued to (upport him in the ple- 
 nitude of power, — The Court of Directors ordered he fliould not be employed in any office of 
 truft, which, together with the opinion the board had formed of his chara(iicr, brouj;ht them to 
 the refolution ol having him removed from fo abfoiute a fwa) — confeiuing however, if the nabob 
 fhould miift upon it, to have him in any lucrative office, with fuch checks as ihould prevent mif- 
 chiefs to the public — the board therefore came to the refolution of recommending Mahomed Re/.a 
 Cawn, being the fitielt man that occurred. — I he immediate collections of the revenues was to 
 be under Roy Dulub and others ; and as the Company were become fo intercfted in the bufinefs 
 of the collections, it was thought proper to rcfcrve to the board a right of remonftrating when 
 improper people were employed. — The annual fall of rupees had been confidereu as a very great 
 grievance to that country : It was therelore made a flipulation in the treaty with Kudjum ul Dow- 
 lah, that he would concur with the board in proper regulations for removing fo gieat a crie\- 
 ance. — Thefe, with fome other articles of the treaty foimeily executed with Jafficr Ally Cawn, 
 compofed the new treaty drawn up by the board, and a deputation, confiding of A'leffieurs John- 
 ftoiie, Senior, Middleton, and the vvitnefs, was app^intcd, in the midiiie ot Ft^bruary 1765, to 
 feat Nudjuiii ul DowLh on the muliiud, as '0011 as he fliould have acceded to the new treaty. — 
 'Ihc deputies, as was cxp'.fled, met with every oppolition that could be made b, Nuniicomar, an 
 artful, ambitious man, wholi; own power was to be fo greatly Itflcned by the new treaty propofcd 
 to the nabob; and had this man been left iiv the full enjoyment of his power, the witiiefs was 
 perfuaded the nabob would not have objected to any other part of the treaty. — The chief, if not 
 the fole objection that he made, was to the noirniiotion of IVlahomed Rtza Cawn, of whom fo 
 great a degree of jealoufy had artfully been infulcil by Nundcomar, that the deputies found the 
 nabob {tiongly prepoilflled with an idea, that the council nieant to place Mahomed Re/.a Cawn 
 on the muinud. — The deputies had great difHcuky in arguing him out of fuch a fu'picion ; bur, 
 upon their folemn all'urances, that there was no fuch defign, he was at laft convinved. — The de- 
 puties were particularly earneft to liave the treaty executed, as they leirnt that Nuojum ul Dow- 
 lah, by advice of Nundcomar, had applied for funnuds from the king, intending to take pofieflion 
 of the provinces by virtue thereof, pievious to any Itipulation with the Company ; and on the 
 very day fixed for feating Nucljum ul Dowlah on the mu(hud, under the influence of the Com- 
 pany, he lent word that the lunnuds were arrived — and it was with fome d:iTi' ulty he was pre- 
 vailed upon to poftpone the public receipt of them. — The board hai.1 exprciled an opinion, that if 
 funnuds were neceirary, they fliould be obtained only through the influence of the Company, and 
 could not but be difplealed, that Nundcomar (hould have taken upon himfelf to apply for them 
 without their concunence. — The new treaty having been executed, and Mahomed Reza Cawn 
 having been received by the nabob as his miniller, the deputies profecuted the other onject of 
 their commiflion, which was to aim at fuch a knowledge of the revenues, as might enable the 
 board to give their fentiments to the nabob on the allotments necelTary to be made in the collec- 
 tions. — To this Nundcomar gave the utmofl opp( iiiioii, as an inquiry into the revenues was fure 
 to difcover any milmanagement of his; and, as the witnels recollected, there appeared at that 
 time a large fum unaccounted for, or uncollected, in which Nundcomar had a particular intereft. 
 The nabob appeared fatisfied with what had been done, and he expielled his (atisladlion in a let- 
 ter to the governor on the appointment of Mahomed Reza Cawn, and on other points. — The 
 fubfequent orders of the board, with relpeeS to Nundcomar, gnve the nabob great offence. — Mr. 
 (leorge Vanfittart had juft brought down from Patna tome Itiong prelumpiive evidence of his hav- 
 ing carried on a treacherous correfpondence with our enemies during ti>c war with Sujah Dowl.ih, 
 upon which the council pofitively directed that Nundcomar fliould be lent down to Calcutta to 
 aiifwer the charge. — Tfie nabob was very unwilling to part with Nunilcomar, and wrote prel- 
 ling'y to the governor on the fuhject. — The board thought the public I'afcty required an exami- 
 nation, and periiftcd in their order; in confcqueiice he was fent down to Calcutta, and the feveral 
 witnelles ordered from Patna. — The deputies would very willingly have been excufed a fervice i'o 
 diliigrceable to the nabob, but it was their duty to execute the orders of the council, from which 
 they never deviated. — That, fhortly after this, the witnefs was ordered down to Calcutta, and le- 
 fumed his place, as one of the members of the boanl, about the end of Maich. 
 
 And the witnels being afked, Whether, at the time of agreeing to acknowledge Nucijum ul 
 Dowlah, the preteiihons of the other relations of Myr Jaffier were conlidered, — he laid. That, 
 as he recollected, the board did conlider that point — I'hat the competitors for the fucccflion to the 
 mufnud were Nudjum ul Dowlah, Jatfier's I'econd fon, but the ciileft alive, who was twenty 
 years old, and a fon of the late Chuta Nabob, who was Jaffier's eldelt fon, and was at that time 
 about lix years old. — The board were of opin.on it was not cuftomary to purl'ue that lincof luc- 
 
 ce/Tion
 
 ( 12 ) 
 
 ceirion whic':i wojld regulate a claim of this fort in Europe. — Nudjum ul Do7,lah had been 
 brought down to Calcutta by Myr Jaffier, and all along confidered bv him as the next in luccel- 
 fion, and, a (hort time before his death, had been allbciated wi:h him in the government. — i nat 
 the council were not unanimous in that opinion, Mr. Burdctt diffenting; but they did not thintc 
 they could deviate from the appointment of Jaffier, without its carrying through the country the 
 idea of a revolution. — That the public opinion was fixed on Nudjum ul Dowlali, as fuccelior co 
 Myr Jaffier immediately on his death. And being afked, why the council did not at that time 
 talce the Dewannee, he faid. It did not occur to him, that at that period the council took into 
 confideration the propriety of applying to the king for the Dewannee; bui that in 1761 the offer 
 of it was made to the governor and council, which was, after a full dilcuffion, refu(ed ; and the 
 Court of Direflors approved of the condurt of the council on that occalion, and had frequently 
 expreflld a wifti, that their fervants would not extend their territorial obitct.- — That there could 
 not be any doubt of the go\ ernor and council's power to poilels themft-lves of the Dewannee, if 
 ic had been thought expedient — That the king, who was (ubtilting on the Company's bounty, 
 and wh;j had on all occafions expreiH:d the utmoft attention to their intereit, certainly would not 
 have refufed fuch a requeft. 
 
 And being afked. If the governor and council had at that time inftrucied General Carnac to 
 fecure to the Company the Goilipore country.' he faid, That it was with extreme concern Mr. 
 Vanfittart and his council wei-e driven to the neceffity of allowing the forces of the Company to 
 pafs the boundaries of the Bengal provinces — That the unprovoked invafion of Sujah IJowIah 
 compelled them to deviate from that line — That the battle of Buxar put the Englifh forces im- 
 mediately m pollcflion of the country of Goffipore ; and as it was impracticable for tile governor 
 and council, after that event, to withdraw their forces back to their own provinces, they refolved 
 to afk the king for funnuds for that province, as an aid towards defraying the great expences of 
 the army. 
 
 And being afked, If Myr J.:ffier complained that the charge of five lacks of rupees, per month 
 was continued on him longer than was necellary ? he faid, Not that he knew of; that Myr 
 JafHer only agreed to pay it in October 1764, and died in January 1765. 
 
 And being afked, VVhere he imagined Lord Clive was when the treaty with Nudjum ul Dow- 
 lah was concluded .' he faid, The board had not received any certain accounts of his having left 
 England, but from the general tenor of the letters expefled him to come with extraordinary 
 powers — That it was impoffibte for the council who were there to have left the fucceffion to the 
 mufnud fo long in lufpence, as to have waited his arrival ; and that it would have been equally 
 improper to have allowed Nudjum ul Dowlah to exercife the powers of government without en- 
 tering into ftipulations with him en behalf of the Company, befides that the leaving of an event 
 of that importance to the country undetermined, would probably have created much mifchief and 
 confufion with refpect to the collections, and every other objeft of ftate ; and that he did not re- 
 collect that any member of the board propofed to wait till Lord Clive's arrival. — And being afked 
 what were the number of the nabob's forces at the time of his acceffion i* he faid he could not 
 remember. — That he had a great number for the bufinefs of colleiftions, and the paiade of govern- 
 ment, but fcarce any regular military force — and that the treaty, fettled at the confultation in 
 February, was executed by the nabob without any alteration being made in the courfe of the ne- 
 gocidtion between the nabob and the gentlemen of the deputation. — And being alkec. How he 
 Ihould have tried Nundcomar, who had been brought down to Calcutta by order ot the board to 
 anfwer certain charges brought againll him for mifconduct in his office as miniller to the nabob.? 
 he faid. The board would have called him and the evidence before them, and examined into the 
 fact. — That they would ha\e refolved, upon the evidence, whether the accufaiion was proved or 
 not; but with regard to the punifhrnent, he faid, he did not (ec where the power of inflicting ic 
 was lodgec: — That he did not know that the board had power to compel Nundcomar to fubmit 
 to their jurifdiclion, but prefumed he would not have difputed it — That Nundcomar, immediately 
 upon his arrival at Calcutta, was confined, but not very clofcly, though, as the witnefs remem- 
 bered, he was not permitted to leave his houfe without leave from the governor — That he be- 
 lieved he was examined by the board, but not till (bme months after his coming to Calcutta. 
 
 Your Committee then examined, to the fame point, Archibald Swinton, K'quire, who was cap- 
 tain in the army, in Bengal, in 1765, and alfo Ferlian interpreter and aid de camp to Cjencral 
 Camac: and he informed your committee that he had frequent converfations with Myr Jaffier 
 about the five lacks of rupees per month, ftipulated to be paid by .Myr Jaffier in October 1764, 
 as mentioned in Mr. Leycclter's evidence, and the other demands made on him by the board, of 
 which he frequently heard Myr Jaffier complain bitterly, and of all the demands made upon him 
 at that time, which had not been llipulatcd in his treaty with the Company, on his relloratioii, 
 particul.irly the encreafed demand (if reltitntion for loll'cs, and the donatimi to the navy. — That 
 Mr. John Johnftone was prefent at fome of thefe converfations with the nabob, and greatly dii- 
 approved of fome of the dema ds particularly of the donation to the navy ; but that he approved 
 ol the demand of reltitution for Icfles. 
 
 And
 
 ( ^3 ) 
 
 And your committee have annexed hereunto, No. 69, the 5th, 17th, i8ih, and 19th para- 
 graphs of the Company's fcparate letter to Bengal, dated 2^:\\ December 1765, containing the 
 opiiiioii of the court of directors upon the conduct of the Company's feivants in the courfc of the 
 war agaiiift ColTim Ally Cawn, condemning the demand which had been made of the GoiTipore 
 country, and the intention of conquering Sujah Dowlah's country for the king; requirinij them 
 to adopt Ln^e fyfltni which might clcatly mark out the barriers of the country ^overnmciit and 
 ours, iind ordering the ftriftcft enquiry to be made, whether any contributions had been cxaifteJ 
 
 by the ftrvjnts from the nabob Nudjum ul IJowlah on his acceffiin to the fubahfhip. They 
 
 have alfo anncx'.-d an extract of the Company's general letter to Bengal, dated 19th February 
 1766, No. JO. containing the further opinion of the court of diticlors upcn the treaty with the 
 king, upon the meafures purCued on the death of Jaffier Ally Cawn, the appointment of indepen- 
 dent Duans, togeiher with their ftridurcs upon the treaty with the nabob Nudjum ul Dowlah. 
 
 And, for the fur'her information of the Houfe rcfpeftjng that part of the foregoing evidence which 
 relates to the refuf«' of the Dcwannce at the time then referred to, your Committee have annexed' 
 to theii appendix. No. 71. the 58th paragr;:ph of the general letter from the governor and council 
 of Bi-ngdl, dated i2'.h N;)vembei 1761, containing thcfr reaf.n^ for refufing the Dewannee of Ben- 
 gal ; and the 55th paragrapli of the letter from the court of directors to the prefident and council 
 of Bengal, apjiruving of futh refufal. .-■ v t.i: 
 
 Yoiii coiiiinit'ee then examined Harry Verelft, F'quire, to the fame pointy who faid"'he was 
 firft appoiiueii a member of the feledt committee in Bengal by the court of dircdlors, at the latter 
 enu ..!' Mr. Vanfittait's government, but never took his (eat till after his fecond nomination, vlith 
 LordClive, ' l.iTr>. Sumner, Carr«>.c, and Sykcs, by the Company's order' , ift June 1764, w'hich 
 crdeti arrived in Bengal the 24th of Jinuary 1765 ; that he was abfent from Calcutta as chie'f''df 
 Chittagong when the confultation was held for the arrangement of the affjirs of "oveVnmertttrrl- ! 
 der Nuiijum ul Dowlah, and never was confuited on that fubjeift ; at that timefourteen or flxt<;en 
 days weic necclTary for conveying a difpatch to Chittagong, and receiving an anfwer, there'beifig 
 many broad rivers to pafs, particularly one which is a branch of the fea, by which mean.> the cdt-'' 
 refpondente was rendeied very uncertain; that while he was at Chittagong, reports prevailed 
 there among the people in general that there w.-re fome delays in regard to confirming Nudlnm ul 
 Dowlah, and that prefents were intended to be maietn the council on his acceflian.— And beinn- 
 a(kcd. If he thought Nudjum ul Dowlah the proper ptrfon to fucceed to the mufnud after Mvr 
 JaflSer's death, he laid. According to the laws of Ind^ltan he certainly was not; that the fuccef- 
 fion ought to have run in ti.e line of Meeran, but that thofe laws are frequently de\*iated from 
 throughout the whole mogul empire, and legal right has frequently been fet aiide on the accefTion 
 of different princes. — On being afked whether there is any law in Indoftan rcciulatin"- the fuccef- 
 fion of the nabobs ? he laid. He meant that Meeran's (on was lawful hi-ir to "all that JafF.er pof- 
 fe-ded, unlefs oth-rwiL- difpofed of by will, and that he of right would ftand in preference for re''^'" 
 commendation to the nahobfliip, if approved of by the Company's feivants ; that the nabobfhipTs' ' 
 an office that does not delcend by fucceifion, being held under the crown, though the kin» fre- 
 quently continues it in the fame family — [hat at the time of Nudjam ul Dowlah's" acceffion to the 
 mufnud, he neither objected to his elevation, nor was he ever confuited on that matter, neither" 
 did he in his letter to Mr. Middjeton, wrote at that period, mention any thing about it, nor to 
 any of his friends. — Being adced. Whether,, if he had been at the board at the time of Jaffier's 
 death, and obliged to determine on a fuccellbr, he (hould have cho!en Nudjum ul Dowiah, or 
 Meeran's fon ? he laid, he could not pretend to lay what arguinen's were ufed, or what circum- 
 ftances laid before the gentlemen at the time of their determination, but that poflibly they might ' 
 have been fuch as might have led him to concur with the other gentlemen in the choice of Nud.^i' 
 jum ul Dowlah — That the appointment of Meeran's fon might have been a more politic meafure,' ' 
 as theie would have been a long minority, he being only fix years old ; during which minority^'' 
 tne Englifli affairs in Bengal would of courfe have been on a more permanent balis, as there" 
 would not have been the ambition of the prince to contt-nd with — That though he was a mem- 
 ber of the board at thi time of Nudjum ul D ;wlah's death, h: did not make any claim in favour 
 of Meeran's ion, whole right to the fuccelTion he did not eftccm as Itrong then as at the acce/fion 
 of Nudjum ul Dowlah, notwithftanding that Syfa Dowlah, who was NuJjum's next brother, and 
 fucceeded him in the mufnud, was Jaffier's fon by another woman, becaule that as the line of 
 fucccflion had been broke, fuch a meafure would have had the appearance of a revolution — That 
 if Myr Jalfier had given his eftedts by wi I to Nudjum his fon, there would not have been any in- 
 jury to Meeran's fe>n — That he fuppofed the meafure adopted by the treaty with Nueijum ul 
 i)owlah, to limit the number of his forces, was in order to elbblirti the ("uperior power ot the 
 tn<'li(li. — Being afkcd, VVh.:t was the armual amount of the nabob's revenues after payment of 
 the fums ftipulated by treaty .' he faid. He could not fpeak from memory as to the precile collec- 
 tions in the nabob's time, but that, fuppofing them fomething Ids than they have been fince, he 
 ima"ined they would amount to about two millions fterling. — And being alked. What would be 
 the iiett fum remaining tor the nabob after paying the expcnces of his government.' he faid. He 
 
 l> waa -'
 
 ( '4 ) 
 
 v/as not fufficiently acquainted with the eftabliftiment to anfwer that qucfiion— there would be an 
 expence incurred, and probably a very confideruble one. 
 
 In the courfe of the above examination your Committee had occafion to obferve, that mention 
 was made of prefents to the i'crvants of the Company, and they purfued their inquiries thereupon ; 
 —And your Committee tak.e this occafion to remaik, that they have not found upori the Com- 
 pany's records, previous to the receipt of the covenants in the year 1765, any dired report from 
 perfons concerned, of prefents received by them, it not having been the practice with the Com- 
 pany's fervants for thofe acting feparately to communicate to t'le governor and council, nor for 
 the governor and council when they were collccfively concerned to communicate to the Court of 
 Dire£lors, the receipt of prefents ; neither has it been the practice, as far as your Committee can 
 difcover, of his Majefty's officer^ acting with the Company's forces in India fo to do. 
 
 And in regard to fuch tranfactions as related to prefents at the period of the acceflion of Nud- 
 jum ul Dowlah, your Committee examined Ra'ph Leycefter, Efquire, who ga' e the following 
 information : That he was one of the gentlemen of the deputation for negotiating the treaty with 
 Nudjum ul Dowlah, on his acceflion to the mufnud ; and who, being afked what he knew nf any 
 prefents bein" made on that occafion .'' faid, That foon alter the death of Myr JafSer, an agent of 
 Nudjum ul Dowlah's came to Calcutta to notify his acceffion to the government, and to ofFcr pre- 
 fents to the governor and members of the council, as had been before praiStifed ; that Mr. Spencer 
 in particular, who was at that time governor of Bengal, offered nine or ten lacks of rupees, if he 
 would allow all things to remain in the Ifate they then were ; that Juggut Cnund wa~ the agent, 
 and the time of his coming to Calcutta about the middle of February 1765 — That Mr. Spencer 
 communicated thefe offers to the council ; and faid he was informed by the fame agent, that he had 
 authority to offer prefents to the other members of the council, but that the agent did not fpecify any 
 particular fums' — That the gentlemen all concurred with Mr. Spencer in thmlcing it improper to re- 
 ceive any prefents from the nabob, both as the public interefts were yet unfettled, and as they faw a 
 public expediency for removing Nundcomar, through whom thefe prefents were underftood to be 
 made, and who was at that time prime minifter and favourite to the nabob : — That after the treaty 
 was executed at Muxadabad, the public intereft amply fecured, and Mahomed Reza Cawn received 
 into the office which had been held by Nundcomar, it was mentioned to the nabi b bv Mooteram, a ' 
 <>-entoo, that. if his excellency continued in his former mind, with refpe£l to the offering prefents, 
 there were not any objed ions now to receiving any marks of his favour : — That a few days before 
 this, the nabob had offered the witnefs, through Nundcomar, a prefent of two lacks of rupees, or 
 any fum he would chufe to accept, which he declined, becaufe it was to come through Nundcomar's 
 hands : — That about the 8th of March, Mahomed Reza Cawn came to Mootejil, where the gen- 
 tlemen of the deputation refided, with the offer of a teep from the nabob for 137,000 rupees to Mr. 
 Johnftone, who was at the head of the deputation, and one lack 11,500 rupees to each of the other 
 deputies, which they defired Mahomed Reza Cawn to carry back to the nabob with proper compli- 
 ments, and to fay. If they received any marks of his favour, they wiftied to receive them only from 
 his own hands : That about a week after, when the deputies were at the public durbar, the nabob 
 made the fame offer which he had repeatedly preffed the deputies to accept as a mark of his favour 
 and fatisfadtion :^That after reiterated affurances of his regard, they at lafl accepted his offers 
 about the i6th of March ; on the 2ilt of which month the witnefs returned to his Nation at Cal- 
 cutta ; and that in the courfe of April and May following the amount was paid to him : — That be- 
 fore the witnefs left Muxadabad, Alahomed Reza Cawn exprefied himfelf grateful for the fervices 
 rendered him, and declared his defire of prefenting him with a lack of rupees, which at that time 
 the witne(s faid he did intend to accept ; that no teep or obligation of any kind was given j and that 
 afterwards, confidering that he might be one day called upon to defend the propriety of the ap- 
 pointment of Mahomed Reza Cawn as miniffer, he refohcd not to put himfelf in a fituation of be- 
 ing fufpedted of fupporting a meafure from pecuniary influence, in which he had concurred from a 
 perfeft conviction of its public utility : — That for this reafon he declined receiving a draft for 
 50,000 rupees in part of the faid one lack, which Mahomed Reza Cawn fent for his ufe in May ; 
 and that he never received a fingle rupee of the faid fum fo offered by him : — That the deputies 
 having had an opportunity of rendering fome fervice to the houfe of Juggut Sect, by recommend- 
 ing them to the protection of the nabob, it was mentioned to the witnefs juft before he left Mux- 
 adabad, that they intended to offer lome prefents to the deputies : — That fome weeks after he was 
 informed they had fent 10,000 rupees to a gentleman at Coflimbuzar for the ufe of the witnefs, 
 which he alio returned, and declared that his fortune had not on this, or any other occafion, been 
 benefited by the receipt of prefents, exceptmg that from the nabob, and common complimentary 
 nazars, which latter did not exceed £. 50 or £. 60 in the whole ; and that confidering the cuftom 
 of the country, and the practice of his predecellors, there did not feem an impropriety in receiving 
 a prefent, which was neither the reward of any inij roper fervice?, nor the condition of any to be 
 performed, but the mere confcquence of cuftom on the like occafions : — That he had fully dif- 
 charged every p'ublic trult, and having declined occafions of receiving confiderable prefents, which 
 with refpe<£t to time and circumftance he did not approve, he held himfelt at liberty to receive tiic 
 one mentioned before : — And being afked, If he recoHetStcd or had heard of any prefents being 
 
 offered
 
 ( 15 ) 
 
 offered to any governor and council upon the death of one nabob and the acctflion of another r he 
 faid, Th- prefents were given upon the acceflion ot Myr Ji.fficron Serajah Uowlah's depofition, 
 and on thi "cflion ot Myr Coffim on the depofing of J<ifHer, which he (aid were the iiillances ot 
 receiviri<: pici nt •;.-ferred to by him in the former part of his evidence: — And being afked, Wlmt 
 other p- ;t.nis wre made to his icnowledge ? he faid, That about the time he received Mahonicd 
 Rcza C wn's c fFT, governor Spencer received an otier from hmi of two laclcs of rupees, which he 
 bclievei the governor iccepted : — That MeiTrs. Pleydell, Burdett, and Gray received at the fame 
 time an c ^'et ■' one lick of rupees each, which he believed they accepted : — That fome time after 
 the witncfs 'eft Miixadabad, which was about the latter end of April, the nabob prcfled Mr. John- 
 flone tt. .tcept an add •. nal lark of rupee.--, as he underftood in the prefence of Mefl's. Senior and 
 Middieton, ami at th ;'ame time offered Mr. Gideon Johnftone 50,000 rupees, which furns thev 
 both eceivcd : — That Mr. Senior received 50,000 rupeea from Mahomed Reza Cawn ; and that 
 Juggat Stc. irefeni M each of the deputies, except the witnefs, 10, coo rupees, which they accept- 
 ed ; — And iieinj. »fl<e.* Whether the gentlemen of the deputation notihed to the governor and 
 council the prelei is w...cn were offered to them and accepted ; and whether the governor and 
 council notifieu to ihr Court of Dire(3;ors, that they had received any prelents on this event r — he 
 aniv/ered in the negative: — The witnefs further (aid. That at the time prsfcnts were offered 
 thiuu^h Nuncrnmar tor the eftaM:(hment of the government under Nudjum ul Dowlah, he never 
 heard that any fters were made on the part of the infant, who was the competitor for the nabob- 
 ihip, '.o- to his knowledge were any claim made on his part : — I'hat there was never any itipula- 
 *">in Aich Mahomed Rfza Cawn, or any perfon on his account, as to prefents, before he was ap- 
 ■ ttJ miniftf r, nor at any other time, neither was there any fuch Itipuiation with the nabob, 
 
 .or .c> h.s f.gniiig the treaty, which was ratified by him juft as it had been drawn up by the coun- 
 ci' before the deputies repaired to Muxadabad, or conformable to the (ubftquent inftrudtions of the 
 board, which the d -puties itrictly complied with. 
 
 And Harry Verclft, Efquire, being called to the fame point, he informed your Committc, That 
 whde he was at Chitta^ong, as chief of the faiiiory theie, reports prevailed among the people in 
 general, that there wee fomc delays in regard to confirming Nudjum ul Dowlah in the mu(hud, 
 and that prefents were intended to be made to the council on his acceilion — That on thefe reports 
 he wrote a private letter to Mr. Middieton, who was in the deputation appointed for ncgociatino- 
 the treaty with the new nabob, to kiiov/ whether there was any truth .n the report — That Mr. 
 Middieton wrote him word, th:)t he underftood prefents were intended for all the board ; to which 
 the witnefs replied, that he difapproved fuch a meafure, and as a niember ot the board, and one 
 fuppofed to be meant to be confidercd, he (hould refufe it ; bccaufe he was notconfcious of having 
 rendered Nudjum ul Dowlah any (ervices to entitle him to any expectation of that kind ; and that 
 he did not know of any fervices the reft of the council had done Nudjum ul Dowlah, further than 
 approvma; his fuccetfion to the mufnud, which he confidered as a mere matter of form and public 
 duty. — Being afked, If he knew of any fervices performed to Myr Jaffier, by Lord Clive, and the 
 gentlemen who received prelents in i 756 from him, which it was not their duty to have performed 
 agreeably to the treaty with him, and the intcreft of the Company.' he laid. It was undoubtedly 
 their duty to perform any fervices to the Company whenever called upon ; but that the good otHces 
 they rendered Myr Jafficr were, in his opinion, very confiderable, and in performing which, their 
 Jives and properties were rifqued ; but that the cafe of Nudjum ul Dowlah was not parallel to it 
 in his opinion. 
 
 And Afcanius William Senior, Efquire, being examined to the fame point, informed your Com- 
 mittee, That he was one of the council at the time of Myr Jaffier's death, and one of the deputa- 
 tion ordered by the council to join the other deputies fent to Nudjum ul Dowlah — Being atked if 
 he received any prefents on that occafion, he faid he had, from the nabob one lack of rupees, from 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn 50,000 rupees, and from the Sects 10,000 rupees ; which was the whole : 
 And being defired to ftate in what manner he received thofe prc(ents, he faid, that one evenin«- 
 Mefl". Johnftone and Lcjcefter came to fup with him at the boufe of the chief at Coffimbuzar, 
 where he refided officially at that time : — 1 hat they informed him that Mahomed Rcza Cawn had 
 been at Mootcjil that morning, with an offer of prelents from the nabob, without mentioning any 
 conditions, which they refufed, and begged he would be at Mootcjil the next morning, when Ma- 
 hoiTied Reza Cawn had promifed to be there : — That he went accordingly, met him, and received 
 the (ame oflxr, which they all refufed, telling him, that if the nabob meant them any prelents they 
 niuft come^rom himfelf, and not through other hands : — That fome days afterwards, as they wtre 
 fitting in the public durbar, the nabob himfelf rcquefted of them to receive the prefents, which 
 they at firft refuled, telling him, that as he had expreflcd a didike to their proccedin<:s they could not 
 receive his prefents ; to which he rep!i( d, that he was then perfcclly fatisfied with their proceedings, 
 and fhould not look upon them as his friends if they did not accept the prelents. — i'hat they accord- 
 ingly did accept them, and gave the teep to Mahomed Reza Cawn tor payment: — That the tcep 
 included the whole deputation, but fpecihed how the lum was to be divided, and the diftribution was 
 explained by Mahomed Reza Cawn : And being afked, Whether prelents to that amount were 
 ufual in Bengal, upon the dca^h of one nabob and the advanceiiitnt oi his lucccHi.>r I he laid, it was 
 
 ufuul
 
 ( i6 ) 
 
 ufual to make very large prefL-nts on ihofe occarioiis, particularly on placing Myr Jaffier and Coffiin 
 AllyCawn on the mulnud, which were the only inftances he knew of; and being afkid what wjs 
 the diflike the nabob had expreiied to the proceedings of the j;entlerrien in the deputation, he (aid 
 he underftood it was bccaule they had endeavoured to dilplace Nundcomar, the prime minifter, 
 agreeable to the orders they had received : — That the nabob did not exprefs any change of fenti- 
 ments when he offered the preftnts at the durbar, but that they were induced to receive them by 
 his favin-i he fhouid look upon them as his enemies if they did not ; and being afked, he faid he con- 
 fidercd the abovementioned inllancescf Myr Jaffier and Codim Ally Cawn making prefents, as li- 
 miiar to the prefent occalion, though on the accclTum of Myr Jaffier and Coffim Ally Cawn, neither 
 of them was in confequenceof the death of their predecellbrs : And being afked what fervices the 
 deputies had done the nabob, he laid he looked upon the folemi.ity of featmg him on the mufnud 
 to be the I'crvices meant, that never having been done in a public manner till the deputies perform- 
 ed the ceremony: And being afked if he thought any article of the treaty was agreeable to the na- 
 bob, he faid that fome of ihe articles w.ere not agieeable to him when the treaty was propofed to 
 him, but he cxprelfed himfelf fatisfied with it fome time afterwards. Being afked whether any o- 
 ther prefents were made thin thoie he had mentioned, he faid that the nabob made Mr. Spencer, 
 the governor of Bengal, a prefent of two lacks of rupees, and gave one lack each to three of the 
 council, Mefi". Pleydcll, Gray, and Burdett, and 50,000 rupees to Mr. Gideon Johnilone : — That 
 fome time afterwards he made an additional prefent of one lack of rupees to Mr. John John- 
 ftone. And beiiv defired to Hate the circumdances of that prefent, he faid, that a (hort time be- 
 fore Mr. Johnltoiie left the city, when the wltnefs was with him, and, as he believes, Mr. Middle- 
 t(in, at the durbar, he heard the nabob and Mr. Johnftone in earneft difcourfe : — That on afking 
 Mr. Johnilone what was the iubjec^ o; their converfation, he told him the nabob had fent him an 
 offer the day before to Mootejil, by Mahomed RezaCawn, of a lack of rupees, which he had then 
 rcfufed, and that the nabob was then requelHi'g him to accept it — That he had again refufed it ; 
 and he afked the witnefss opinion of the matter, who faid, that if the nabob had made him the like 
 offers he fliould think no harm in accepting it ; whereupon the witnefs believed Mr. Johnftone did 
 accept it : And being afked if Mr. Gideon Johnftone was a member of the board, or in the Com- 
 pany's fervice at that time, he faid he v/as not at the board, but afterwards received his appoint- 
 ment to the fervice as a writer : And being afkfd, he laid he had never heard that any other En- 
 wliftiman out of the Company's fervice had received any prefent upon the like occafion ; and that 
 there were no other Englifh, befide Mr. Gideon Johnitone, out of the Company's fervice at the 
 nabob's court at that time: And being afked whether at that period he had had any offers of pre- 
 fents from Nundcomar, he faid that fome days before the arrival of the other deputies, Nundcomar 
 paid him a vilit at the factory at Coffimbuzir, when he made the witnefs an offer of five lacks of 
 rupees, and alfo told him in the prefence of Mr. Je\kill, that if he would give him a promile to 
 withhold his favour from Mahomed Reza Cawn, the above fum fhould be fent into the factory 
 that niiiht or the next morning, but that he refufed the prefent on acco.mt of the conditions on 
 which Tt was offered. And being aflced if he knew of any influence or folicitation to the above- 
 mentioned prefents from Mahomed RezaCawn f he faid he did not; and that if he had ever fuf- 
 pjcled that there had been any application for that purpofe, he would not have accepted anypre- 
 ients from him ; that he had rendered fome perfonal fervices to Mahomed RezaCawn before that 
 of appointing him naib fubah, and af;er Myr Jaffier returned to the army, by protecting him from 
 the ill u(at»e of Nundcomar ; but that he never in return made the witnels an offer of prefents till 
 •the acceifion of Nudjum ul Dowlah ; and that on that occafinn the witnefs was not particularly 
 diflinguifhed by him. And being afked how much of the lour lacks of rupees which were oft'er- 
 eJ to "the gentlemen of the deputation was actually received, he faid he had received 50,000 ru- 
 pees of his own (hare, but that neither Mr. Le)celler or Mr. Johnftone received theirs: That 
 Mr. Lcycelter mentioned to the witnefs, fome time in March, that for particular realbns hcflaould 
 not receive his (hare ot Mahomed Rtza Cawn's prefent : — And being afked, he (aid that Maho- 
 med Reza Cawn called upon him in the factory, abjut the 14th or i5ih of Mav 1765, on his way 
 to Calcutta, and (hewed him a letter he had received from Lord Clive, requeftiag his attendance 
 at Calcutta ; and that though the letter was wrote in genteel terms, yet being naturally of a timid 
 dilpohtion, he expreffed great fears ori tha occafion ; that the witnefs endeavoured to remove 
 thofe fears, by alluring him, that he knew Lord Clive very well, and that no harm was intend- 
 ed him, but that he would be civilly treated ; and took an opportunity of mentioning to him, 
 tnat as Mr. Lcycelter had fignificd to hi.n his objections to accepting the prelents he had offer- 
 ed him, the witnels (hould beg leave to return thofe which he had given him ; That Mahomed 
 RezaCawn replied with fome furprize, that he did not look upon the witnels in the fame light 
 as the other gentlemen ; that he had Jhewed himfelf his particular friend on many occafions, 
 even to favini' the lives of him and his familv, at a time when it was not in his power to make 
 him any acknowlegement, but that now, wfien it was in his pjwer, he begj;ed and intreated, 
 with tears in his eyes, that the witnefs w^ulJ not return his prel'ent. That thofe confiderations, 
 together with his not being at that time a fitting member at the board, and his having (oms 
 thouiihts of quitting the I'ervicc and returning to Europe that feafon, by which it could not be 
 
 fuppofed
 
 ( '7 ) 
 
 fuppofed that he took the prcfent for any future confiJerations, inJuccd him to keep it. And 
 beins^ afkcd what prefents were made by Juggut Seet ? he faid that he received io,cco rupees, 
 and heard that he intended to mike it up 30,000 to each of the depu;ics :— ThiC he apprc- 
 hcnd.i'd Juggut Sect's reafon for oitcfing thoic prefents was, to iniiiice the gentlemen to recom- 
 mend him to the new nibob, his favour and protection beini^ ufeful and necellary to him in his 
 bufincfs as a banker: — That he did not know of any other funis of money being given to the 
 gentlemen of the deputation or of the council, than thofe he had mentioned j and that though 
 he heard the Company intended to fend out frcfli covenants to their fervants, refpccling the ac- 
 ceptiiig of prefents, that he did not know the cjiiditions of them till thty were fent up to him 
 to be executed at Colnmbuzar, in the beginning of June 1 765. 
 
 And your Committee examined General Cariiac upon the lubjedt of prefents, who being afked. 
 When ne hgned the covenants, (copies of which are entered in> the journals of this Houle of lalt 
 year) relating to prcknts ? he laid it was fonie time after his arri\ al at Calcutta, about the mid- 
 dle of September 1765, and that he diflributcd them among the army under his command as 
 foon as they came to his hands, which v\as not till near the end of July or the beginning of Au- 
 gull, with orders to execute them immediately : — That he had not figned them himfelf at the 
 time he siave orders to the army to execute thtm, becaule they were dated from a period prior 
 to his having any intimation of them; — that thofe dillributtd among toe army were all dated 
 from the laiie time ; and that he did not make any alterations in them before he required the 
 officers to I'.^n them ; it not being his bulinefs to itart objections for other people ; but that if 
 they had made the fame objtiitions as he had done, he (liould have thought them in the right : 
 —And being aficsd whether' Captain Swinton, his aid de camp, figned the covenants? he faid 
 he had not, neither had they been 'tndered to him. That he looked upon the captain more as 
 a voiuntt.er th.n actually 111 the (ervice, as he had declared his deierinination ot reiuiniiig to Ku- 
 lope tha: feafon, long before the receipt of the covenants- ; and that his Itay in Bengal, wiucU 
 was veiy (hort • fter that time, was in compliment to the witncfs : — And being alked if it was 
 not his duty, as commander in thief of the army, to fet the example ot refpL"6t and deference to 
 his conftituenis, by figning the covenants i' he (aid he certainly fhould have: ligned them but for 
 the reafon above ftated : — And being afked, whether, when the covenants were diftributed to the 
 officers of the army, they had any intimation given them, that the general and his aid de camp had 
 not liened them ? he faid, they had not Jiiy fuch in!im<.tion from hmi. — And being afked what pre- 
 fents he received, from the time the covenants an ived in ly'y^ to the time he ligntd them, he pre- 
 mifed. That he did not know, till long afterwards, that the covenants had arrived in 1765 ; and 
 faid, 'I'hat after that time, but previous to his knowing any thing of the covenants, he received a 
 prefent of 80,000 rupees from Bulwanifing, raja of Benaras, and in aeptember, then knowing of 
 the covenants, the king made him a prelent of two 1 icks of rupees in the maimer as Itaiids re- 
 corded on the confultacions of that period ; — That Bulwaiufri^'s prefent was publicly known, 
 but that he never traniiniitcd any notice of it in form to the governor and council ; and the fol- 
 lowing words, in a minute ironed hy the witnels at a conluUation the 3d of February 1766, being 
 read -, viz, " I never received from him (Sujah Dowlah) for my own ufe a lingle rupee" — And 
 the witnefs being afked, whether he ever received any from him for the ul.; of any other pcrfon ? 
 he faid he never did. 
 
 And your Committee purfuing their inquiry into the circumftances of the prefents mentioned 
 in the above evidence ; and the original covenant figned by General Carnac being produced, they 
 find that it is dated the 9'.h of November 1 765 ; but in the minute of General Carnac, on the Ben • 
 gal confultations of the 3d of February 1766, your Committee find the following words; viz. 
 *' With regard to the covenants, it is true, I did not execute mine at the time of my firlt renewing 
 *' them, bccaufe they were dated too far back, and previoufly to my being made acquainted with 
 •' them ; and I was in the lefs hurry to go through this ceremony, by real'on that 1 looked upon 
 *' myfelf as equally bound by them, whether executed or not, from the moment I was publicly 
 *' apprized of the Company's pleafure on that fubject." 
 
 And your Committee further find. That by the terms of the covenant the fervants of the Com- 
 pany are bound to account for, and pay, to the laid Company, for their fole and proper uic and 
 benefit, all and every fuch gifts, rewards, gratuities, allowances, donations, or compenfations, 
 whatfoevcr, which, contrary to the true intent and meaning of thole covenants, fhall have come 
 into their hands, pofl'eflion, or power. 
 
 And your Committee do not find that the prefent of two lacks of rupees received by General 
 Carnac has ever been paid to the Company ; but that notice was given t') the Court of Directors 
 of the receipt thereof, by the general letter from the council, and a letter Innn Lord Clive, dated 
 30 September 1 765 (copies ot which are hereunto annexed N" 72 and 73) That the Court of Di- 
 redtors, by their anfwers of the 17th of May 1766 (copies of which are alio annexed, N" 74) pro- 
 mifed to take the fame into confideration ; but the Committee have not difcotered by liie records 
 of the Company, that any thing further has been done relating thereto. 
 
 And your Committee having gone through tlie inquiries to which the firft examination upon the 
 deputation to Nudjum ul Uowlah immediately led, and likewife throu^'i their inquiry into the prc- 
 
 E lents
 
 ( i8 ) 
 
 fents received by General Carnac fubfcquent thereto, they thought this a proper occafion, though 
 they mioht in fome degree deviate from the courfc they had prefcribed to themfelves for prel'erv- 
 in<T the order of time, to connect and lay before the Houfe all other difcoveries which have yet 
 come within the compab of their proceedings upon the fubj^d of prelents. 
 
 And William Macgwire, Efquiie, being examined in regard to prcfents received at the time of 
 the revolution in favour of Coflim Ally Cawn, upon which fubjeci many circumftances are Aated 
 upon the journals of lalt ieffion : He informed your Committee that he was a member of the feledt 
 committee z'. Bengal at that time ; that he was not prelcnt at any meeting when a fum of money 
 was offered ]jy Myr Coflim, but heard from Mr. Vanlittart that an ofFer of twenty lacks was made 
 as a prelent, after he waseftablifhcd in the nabobfhip, which offer was rejedted by Mr. Vanfittart, 
 who informed the witncis that he had told ColHrn he would not receive any prcfent till all the de- 
 mands of the Company were fatisfied. And being afked if he had ever received any part of the 
 above fum, fo offered by Myr ColTim ? he faid he had received a piefentfrom him in the year 
 1 761, to the amount of one lack and 80,000 rupees : — And being aflced what circumlbnces at- 
 tended the receipt of that prefcnt ? he faid that an agent brought him a teep, the latter end of 
 the year 1760, for two lacks of rupees, which teep he fentto Mx. Holwell ; — That he commu- 
 nicated the affair to fome of the felccl committee in private converfation ; but could not recoi- 
 led he told Mr. Vanfittart of it ; and that he never reported it to the feled committee officially. 
 
 That he heard that fome other gentlemen of the feled committee received prefents at the fame 
 
 fi,-ne. — That the above fum is all he received at any time, except the 5C00 mohurs, mentioned 
 in a former part of this report. 
 
 And your Committee having obferved, in fome letters which pafled between Lord Clive and 
 the Court of Diredlors, in the year 1768, which were laid before your Committee puri'uant to 
 their order, and copies of which, with the inclofure in the letter of 14 January 1768, are an- 
 nexed in the Appendix, N'' 75 and 76, That the Court of Direftors had required from his lord- 
 lliip certain papers faid to be in his poffelTion, and to contain proofs of Gover.ior Vanfittart's ha- 
 viru' received (even lacks of rupees for making the Mongheer treaty ; and further obferving from 
 the fame correfpondence, that his lordfhip had ordered the delivery of them, exprefling as his rea- 
 fon for fo doin" that Mr. Vanlittart himfelf feemed delirous of it ; your Committee called for the 
 faid papers from the Diedors ; and the following were produced accordingly : 
 
 Letter from Mr. Wa'fli, accompanying the delivery of the papers to the DireiStors, dated 19th 
 of June 1768, and mentioning Mr. Vanfittart's requeft upon that fubjedl. 
 
 Depofiiion of Sheik Hedayet Alia, the original in Perfian, fworn before Harry Verelft, Efquire, 
 and the tranflation attefted by VV. H. Coxe, fworn tranflator ; purporting. That in December, in 
 the year 1762, when he was treafurer under the nabob, he iffued, by his excellency's commands, 
 two lacks at four difte;ent payments to Mr. Vanfittart; and that two ladies who were in compa- 
 ny with the governor went into the zenana, and received jewels. 
 
 Depofition of Bolackidafs, fahicar or banker, the original in Perfian, fworn before Harry Ve- 
 relff, Elquire, and the tranflation attefted by W. H. Coxe, as above ; purporting, That, in De- 
 cember 1762, the nabob (for whom he was employed in negociating bills) one or two days be- 
 fore Mr. Vanfittart's departure for Azimebad, fignified to him his pleafure, that he fhould tranf- 
 mit the fum of five lacks of rupees to Mr. Vanfittart in Calcutta ; in confequence of which he 
 wrote to his goniadah at Hooghly, to pay the aforefaid amount into Mr. Vanfittart's hands : that 
 the gomaltah did fo, and gave him information thereof. 
 
 Letter from Mr. Vanfittart to the Court of Diredors, containing his anfwer to the above 
 charge, and his fentiments thereirpon. 
 
 Letter from Bolackidals to Mr. Vanfittart, wrote foon after he had made his affidavit, and in- 
 clofed in Mr. Vanfittart's letter to the Diredors. 
 
 And your Committee have added copies of all thofe papers in their Appendix, N° 77, 78, 79, 
 80, and 81. 
 
 The next proceedings of your Committee, upon the fuhjcds of prefents, relate to the fum 
 of five lacks of rupees received by Lord Clive from the begum, or mother of the nabob Nud- 
 jum ul Dowiah, in the year 1766; but as your Committee have not had time to go through all 
 the evidence refpeding this tranladion, and examine the account on which the fame is alleged 
 to have been received, or the application faid to be made thereof, they purpofe to report upon 
 the fame on fome future day. 
 
 Your Committee have no further matter to lay before the Houfe upon the fubjed of pre- 
 fents ; but, in order to give the Houfe a fummary and comprehenfive view of the whole they 
 have hitherto difcovcred upon an objed (b important, they have thought proper to add the fol- 
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 Your 

 
 ( 23 ) 
 
 Your Committee think it right, next to ftate to the Houfc, their inquiries into the tranL-;- 
 tions of the Company's fervant-s relative to the affairs in Bengal, from the date of Lord C!ivt'.- 
 government in the year 1764; and they find, that on the 2d of May of that year, LordCl'.vt, 
 then in Etigland, was fworn In prcfident and governor of Bengal, and commander in thief of 
 the forces there ; and that Mcifiturs Sumner and Sykcs, then alfo in England, were appointed 
 counfellors at that prefidency, the former to fucceed to the government. And your Committte 
 further find, that Lord Clivc, Mr, Sumner, General Carnac, Mr. Vcrelft, and Air. Sykes, wtrre 
 appointed a feled committee, by a letter of the court of Direclors, dated the ift of June 
 1764. which letter, containing the powers with which the faid committee v/ere veiled, is 
 in the Appendix. 
 
 And your Committee find that Lord Clive, Mr. Sumi;er, and Mr. Sykes, failed from EnghnJ 
 for India the 4th of June 1764, and that they arrived at Madral's the 2d of April i'jd^. 
 
 And your Comnnttee being informed, that Lord Clive, in conlequcnce of intelligence he re- 
 ceived at Madrafs of the fituatinn of the company's affairs in B-ng<il, had wrote from thence 
 two letters of material confequence, which did not fland upon the Company's records, the one 
 to Mr. Rous, the other to Mr. W..H}i, and partly in cypher, ihey proccidtd to inquire into that 
 tranfaction ; ana for that purpofe they examined Peter Micliel, I.lq; who being aficcd, if be knew 
 of any letter written in cypher from Loui C.r e to Mr. VValfh, in 1765 ? he (aid, he had fuch a 
 letter— that it is dated the 17th of Apr.! 1765, and was delivered to hmi by Mr. James, the late 
 
 fecretaiy, as an ofBcia' pt'per that the original letter appf^ared to have been put into.. Mr. 
 
 James's hinds by Mr. Rous, about the 29th of March 1766, part of it being in cypher, iti or- 
 der to be decyphercd, the key of the cypher being in the poflriTi'in of Mr. Jdine-i, who in a d;.y 
 
 or two afterwards delivered it to the witncl's that he might dt cypher it which bcinc: dor.s, he 
 
 returned it, togctiier with the decyphered copy, to Mr. James, by whofe dnee'tion he afterwiirds 
 made .inother cop) of it, which he alio delivered to Mr. James •, upon whole quitting the office 
 
 it again came into the pofl'eflion of the witne^. Being alkcd, Wlicther any of the Diiectors, 
 
 except the members of the Secret Committee, at that time knew any thing of that letter .' he 
 
 faid, he believed not ; and that he did not know wh.it became of the original letter. .^nd t.vo 
 
 Jetter. were produced, that to Mr. Rous containing various intelligence and opinions of Lord 
 
 Clive, refptdmg the affairs of Bengal -hat to Mr. Walfh conuining diiciiu ms to his lord- 
 
 fhip's attornies to make purchafcs in Lidii Itock, and the laid letters are added in the appendix, 
 N-82 and 83. 
 
 Your Committee then called George Dudley, Efquire, who informed your Committee he was 
 deputy chairman of the Eafl India Company, at the time Lord Clive's letter to Mr. VValfli arrived 
 
 in England that it was brought to the Secret Committee, when, he believed, only Mefiicurs 
 
 Rous Boulton, and himfelf were prelent that they afterwards held a Secret Committee, and 
 
 from thence carried the letter to the Court of Directors that the letter to Mr. W'aHli w.-s 
 
 not read in the Court of Directors ; that to Mr. Rous (which arrived at the fame time) was, ex- 
 cept the laft paragraph, which mentioned that there was a letter to Mr. VValfh ; and th.it nothiii'- 
 ■was done upon it. And it appeared by the fame evidence, that the abcive mentioned letter from 
 Lord Clive to Mr. Rous was brought by the witnefs to the Secret Committee, the 30th of March 
 1766— '—•Being aftced if he remembered any propofition for burning the letter, or takiii'- a copy 
 of it, or any felf-denying obligation, which the gentlemen prefent entered into not to deal in 
 flock, in confequence of it.' he faid. That the gentlemen prefent did take a copy of it, which 
 copy is now in the office; but that he did not remember any of the other particulars of tiie 
 queftion ; that the Secret Cominittee having the key to the cypher, they kept a copy of the let- 
 ter of courfe, that the whole Committee might know all their tranf.!i5tions ; and that a copy of 
 
 the letter was given to Mr. Walfli that they did not communicate the intelligence, ihat Lord 
 
 Clive had given orders to lay out all his money in the India (lock to the proprietors nor the Court 
 
 of Directors that the purport of the letter to Mr. VValfh was communicated to Meflieu.-^s 
 
 Rous, Boulton, and himfelf, but never laid before the whole Secret Committee. Being alied, 
 
 why the Secret Committee concealed from the Court of Directors one part of the Ictter^to Mr. 
 Rous i' he faid. That to the bcft of his remembrance Mr. Rous delircd it might be fo, as he 
 conceived the letter to be a private letter to himfelf, and that he had a right to conceal wh;;t 
 part of it he thought proper ; and the witnefs faid, he concurred with Mr. Rous in thinkim; it 
 was a private letter. And being afked, he (aid, that Lord Clive did not wiite a public Ictu-r, 
 cither to the Court of Dircdtors or Secret Committee at that time, but that Mr. Rous's letter 
 was read to the Court of Diredlors by the fccretary as an entire letter, and not as an extract. 
 And being afked if he knew the reafon of Lord Clive's letters to Meflieuis VValfh and Rous be- 
 ing written in cypher ? he faid, he Imagined it was, that the contents might not be known to 
 our enemies, as the letter came by a French fhip from Poiidicherry. Being alked, if he thought 
 the Secret Committee had a power to I'upprefs any part of a letter on the public fcivice.'' he faid, 
 he thought not ; and that they never did .onccal any parts of a public Utter, to the bed of his 
 
 ktiowlege that the lafl paragraph of Lord Clive's letter to .Mr. Reus wab concealed, and no 
 
 other
 
 ( 24 ) 
 
 other — the reft being of a public nature — And being afked, if Lord dive's letters to Meflieiirs 
 Rous and Walfh could have been decyphered by any means but bringing them to the India home, 
 he faid, he believed not ; becaule there was no key that he knew of, except that at the India 
 
 houfe that the Conipany's fecretary has the key in his cuftody, which cannot be procured by 
 
 any but the chairman and deputy chanman jointly, as the wiinefs believed. And being allced, 
 
 if every director or member of the Company has a right to have private letters written to him, 
 
 under the Company's cypher, he faid he did not know of any being fent before this that they 
 
 cannot help their being fent, but would find a difficulty to get them decyphered without the 
 
 Company's key that though the witnefs never confidereJ Lord Clive's letter to Mr. Rous as 
 
 an official one, that the Dlrectorb aiitcd in all rcfpect> as it it had been one ; and that it was com- 
 mimitated to the Couit of Directors in order to make it public. 
 
 Your Committee tfien examined the right honouiable Lord Clive, a member of the Houfe, 
 who being afked, Whether it was his intention that his letter to Mr. Rous in cypher, of the 17th 
 of April 1765, fhould be kept fecret r and the letter being read to his lordfhip, he faid. He did 
 not intend that that letter fhould be kept fecret from the Court of Diredors or Mr. VValfh, though 
 he meant that Mr. VValfh fhould not divulge the contents of it, becaufe it was of a political na- 
 ture; — And being afked, In what public ftation refpedling the Ealt India Company Mr. VValfh 
 '.vas, that his lordfhip conceived the political matters, which fhould be kept fecret from all others 
 but the Directors, Ihoold be communicated to him .' he faid, That Mr. \Va fh was not in any 
 public flation whatever belonging to the Company at that time, but that he was his lordfhip's 
 particular friend — had formerly been a fervant of the Company s abroad for many years, and 
 from the revolution of Plafley till a confidcrable time afterwards was his fecretary, and was in- 
 triiited with all the poiitiial tranfadiops during the time that his lordfhip was in the command 
 <«f the armv, and likewifc a part of the time of his government in Bengal : — And being afked, 
 U\ when his lordfhip wrote his letter to Mr. Rous, in which he fpeaks of undertaking the Her- 
 culean labour of cleanhng the Augean liable, he had been informed of any facl to intitle him to 
 make ufe of that expreffion ; he laid, Ke had information ot many — and that the whole of Mr. 
 Vanfittart's narrative was laid before him by Mr. Palk .-—That it was nu from that narrative 
 alune he made ufe of the expreffion, but from various accounts that he had from every body he 
 met : — And being aflced, If he could particularize any fact told him by any perfon, upon which 
 he founded his letter to Mr. Rous, he referred to the public records of the Company — and that 
 he heard a confirmation of them frcrn many perfons, particularly of the Company's fervants car- 
 rying on the trade in fait at firft duty tree, and afterwards on paying two and a half per cent, 
 and all contrary to the Company's orcers : He is not certain of that fail, but is fure that when 
 Mr. Vanfittart had efl<ibl)fhed, by agreement with Coffim, the duty of nine per cent, the majo- 
 rity of the council denied Mr. Vanlittart's authority, and infilled upon their right to trade duty 
 free, bv virtue of the royal phirmaund, at the fame time that they infilted that Coffim Ally Cawn 
 (hould not fufler his own fubjects to trade duty free : — That on this fact and many others he 
 founded the expreffion of cleanfing the Augean {table. A further inftance he mentioned, which 
 was the complaints of the inhabitants, that the Company's fervants and the agents avSling under 
 them had engrofled and monopolized the whole trade of the country ; and the witnefs being 
 afain requelled to fpecify any particular complaint, he declined fpecifying any more, and re- 
 ferred the Committee to the Company's records : — Being afked. If he thought the condui!l of 
 the council, in refufing to conform to the treaty made by Mr. Vanfittart at Mongheer, agreeing 
 to pay nine per cent, was improper .''—he faid. He thought that part of the treaty was improper, 
 becaufe in his opinion they ought to have paid a great deal more : — That he did not think the 
 whole treaty was proper, neither did he think Mr. Vanfittart was authorized to conclude a treaty 
 without laying it before the council ; and that General Carnac, Mr. Verelft, and Mr. Cartier, 
 <'ave it as their opinion, that the Company's fervants had a right to trade duty free by the royal 
 phirmaund ; and that with refpcCi to the duty of nine per cent. Mr. Vanfittart had no right to 
 conclude fuch a treaty with the nabob ; and that he confiJered the inhabitants of Bengal as fub- 
 jects to the nabob, becaufe the mogul's power was annihilated : — And being afked. If he ad- 
 mitted that he had formed a refolution at Madrafs to feize the Dewannec — difmifs part of the 
 Company's fervants, and to call fome of the fenior fervants from the other fettiements to fill up 
 their places, upon his arrival at Bengal ? his lordfhip faid. He did not admit he had formed any 
 one of thofe refolutions at that time. 
 
 Your Committee next examired John Walfh, Efquire, a member of the Houfe, who inform- 
 ed them, that he was one of Lord Clive's attoinics when he was abroad ; — And being afked. 
 What quantity of India fiock he purchafed for Lord Clive, in confequence of the letter in cypher 
 from Madrafs to him, on the 17th of April 1765 ! — he faid, 'rhat letter was received the 30th 
 of March 1766, and that on the 20th of April following the packet of the Admiral Stevens, 
 forwarded from Lifbon, brought public advices from Lord Clive, then at Bengal, relative to our 
 bein<' in pefic-ffion of the Dcwannee; in which interval Lord dive's attomies bought for him 
 £. 12,CC0 principal Hock, which was fairly boui;ht and paid for; and as the witnels believed, it 
 
 was
 
 ( 25 ) 
 
 was a year at leaft before any past of it was folJ out : — That it was foIJ out, and was not cm- 
 ployed in buying in again, but was d.fpofcd of to complete a purchafc of land that Lord Cli.s 
 had made : — That he did not make any fecret of the opinion he entertained at that time of In- 
 dia ilock, but fpokc of it to many perfons as a very beneficial thing, fome of whom, as he un- 
 deifhiod, bought in confcqucnce : — '] hat a great part of Lord Clivc's faid ifock was boupht at 
 yT. 165^: — That after the arrival of the packet, brought by the Admiral Stevens, fome Itock 
 was bought for Lord Ciive at £. 175, and (ome at £. 179 ; and that Lafl India ftock remained 
 at /,". 190 three or four months afterwards : — And being afked the amount of the other pm- 
 chales made for Loid Clive ? he faid, Th^t after the arrival of the public advices, there was 
 bought on the aid of Apnl, 13,000/. at 175/. and 5,000/. at 179/. on the gtli of May, be- 
 ing the whole that was bought lor Lord Ciive while he wai abroad ; and he added, that'l-oid 
 dive's letter to him was dchvered to him by Lady Clive, at the fame time that ^Ir. Rous re- 
 ceived his letter, they being both at her ladyfliip's houfe: — That Mr. Rous and the witnefs 
 went to the India-houfe together to have their letters decyphercd : — That as it was funday, nei- 
 ther the chairman nor deputy chairman were there, without whofe orders the letters could not be 
 decyphercd : — That he therefore left his letter with Mr. Rous till he could obtain that permif- 
 fi"ii, and went the next day to the Indta-houfe, and received from the chairman the contents 
 of ii s 'cr'er decyphered, but was refufeJ any informat'on of the co.-tcnts of the letter to Mr. 
 Rous: — And b^ing aflccd when he rirft had any communication of the contents of Lord Clive's 
 letter to Mr. Rous, he faid he had a copy of ic tranlmitted to him by Lord CMve, by the pack- 
 et Kj'. the A,^ vii.al Steven-', the r.ctii oi Apii! ; and being afked if he could enumerate any of 
 thoie rerfons who made purchaies of Eall India ftock, in confequence of the good opinion he 
 had declared concerning it, as mentioned in the former part of his evidence, he faid he could 
 not : — That he undcrltood i(>, but did not know at what period?, <>r to wh:!t amount thev 
 purchafi.d ; th.it he conveifed generally among his acquaintance, vihii h at that time was vcrv 
 large, on the advantageous iituation ot the Kaft India Company : — Th.it from the nomination 
 of Lord Clive to go abroad, the witnefs entertained hopes that great advantao-e would enfue to 
 the Company, and was, in confequence, a large ftock- holder himfelf; — That he therefore pro- 
 bably, fpoke of the advantageous fituation of the Company, before the receipt of Lord Clive's 
 letter, but that he doubtlef- (poke more of it afterwards, ai;d was induced fo to do by the contents 
 of that letter, which were, a d.rtclion f cm Lord Clive to purchafe ftock for him and that there- 
 fore the witnefs could not but conceive it in his lordfnip's idea a bfncficial thin"-; and he ob- 
 fervcd, that it was only tweiily days after the arrival of Lord Clive's letter, in cypher that the 
 public advices of our being in pofteHion ot the Dewannee were received : — And hchv afked how 
 many attorniec Lord Clive had at that time, he faid five, to all of whom an extract of fuch part 
 of the abovementioned letter as related to the purchafe of Eaft India ftock was communicated : 
 — That their powers were jointly given, and not feparate, fo that he could fpcak with certainty 
 that no more ftock was b.iught for Lord Clive by any of thofe aitornies than as before ftatcd' nor 
 any bargains for the purchafe of ftock made. 
 
 And your Committee find that Lord Clive, Mefl". Sumner and Sykes, arrived at Calcutta on the 
 3d of May 1765, and took their feats at the council on the 5th. And your Committee, in or- 
 der to give the Houfe the fulleft information they can of the tranfaclions of the felcd commit- 
 tee, have annexed hereunto, N" 84., a copy of their proceedings from the 7th of May to the 10th 
 of Auguft 1765. ■ ■ 
 
 That on the 7th Lord Clive, MeflT. Sumner and Sykes, aflembled as members of the k\cQ. com- 
 mittee, afluming the whole power ot the fettlement, civil and military, and that they adminiftereJ 
 to themfclves and their fccretaries an oath of fLcrefy ; that they acquainted General Carnac and 
 Mr. Verelft, the other memhcrs of the committee named by the Court of Diredors, with thofe 
 determinations, and required the immediate attendance of Mr. Vere.'ft, then at Chitta<»on"- Ge- 
 neral Carnac being at that time at the head of the army in the province of Oude. ° " 
 
 That Lord Clive opened the committee, by a letter containing the fuM declaration of his lord- 
 (hip's own intentions, and hi? fenfe of the particular duty of the feleiff committee, (a copy cf 
 which letter is contained in the 84th N" of the Appendix;) to which letter the felect committee 
 replied at their next meeting on the nth, (copy of which reply is alfo in the b'4th N" of the 
 Appendix.) 
 
 And your Committee thinking the proceedings of the fclecT: committee of Bengal of f»reat im- 
 portance for the Houfe to know diftinctly, they have divided their inquiries rcfpedtinc' thofe pro- 
 ceedings into the following heads : ° 
 irt. The nieafurcs they took refpecting the execution of covenants. 
 2d. Recalling the European agents. 
 
 3d. Their examination into the nabob's complaints, and into the condufl o~ the fervants con- 
 cerned therein. 
 
 4th. Eftablifhmcnt of the treaty^ purporting to be a treaty of peace with fujah Dovvlah, and 
 the acquilition of the DewamKC. 
 
 <^ 5th. Efti-
 
 ( 26 ) 
 
 5t}i. Eftabliftiment and progrcTs of the fait fociety, and other matters relative to that tjsiic. 
 
 Your Committee Hnd, that at the meeting of the yth, the feleQ committee of Bengal relolved 
 to enforce immediately the execution of the new covenanti againlt receiving prefents, by the fer- 
 vants of the Company fr<im the Indian powers, a duplicate of which covenant, and a duplicate or 
 the letter from the Direitois of the lit of June 1764, requiring the execution of theni, arrived 
 on the 24th of January 1765, but had not been at this time executed by any one of the Com- 
 pany's lervants : nor does your Committee difcover from the records, that the then governor, 
 Mr. Spencer, had publicly brought the matter under the confideration of the council board ; nor 
 had any notice been given to the other fetvants of the Companv, that they were required to ex- 
 ecute luch covenants. — And your Committee find, that the faid covenants were executed ac- 
 cording to the direction of the felecl committee, fird by the members of the council, and the 
 fervants rcfident on the fpot, and afterwards tranfmitted to the army and faftorics, where they 
 were alfo executed ; except by General Carnac and Mr. Swinton, whofe reafons for not com- 
 plying aie ftated in the former part of this report. — And in regard to the tranfaftions of recalling 
 European merchants, which your Committee flated as the fecond head of inquiry, becaufe it 
 followed in order of time upon the proceedings of the feled committee, it appears that upon the 
 nth the feltiSl committee rcfolved upon the recall of all free merchants refiding up the country, 
 within one month after notice ; and that orders were fent to the chiefs to convey in fafety to Cal- 
 cutta all who refufed to comply ; and the reafons alleged for this order will appear in the refolu- 
 tion which is inferted at large in the Appendix, No. 84. 
 
 Your Committee alfo find, that another order was iflued at the fame time, for fecuring and 
 bringing to Calcutta all Europeans who had no Claim from the indentures to any (hare of the 
 Company's countenance and protedion. 
 
 Your Committee find that there are many fubfequent regulations and orders relative to this 
 fubjccf, which they will report in the courfe of their proceedings upon the inland trade, to which 
 they refer. 
 
 And in regard to the proceedings of the feleiSl committee in Bengal — upon the examinations 
 of the nabob's complaints, and the anfwers paffed in confequence thereof, it appears that on the lii 
 of June the faid committee confiftcd of four members, viz. Lord Clive, MefTrs. Sumner, Sykes, and 
 Verelfl ; and that they took under their confideration a letter from the nabob, who had arrived 
 fome time before at Calcutta, complainmg of the conduct of Mahomet Reza Cawn, and of the 
 "•entlemen of the deputation fent to Muxadabad upon the death of Myr Jaffier, refpedfing fums 
 of money diflributed among fuch perfons as he thought proper, without the knowlegde of the na- 
 bob ; and the feled committee cam.c to the following refolution : " That Mahomed Reza Cawn, 
 " fince the death of the late nabob, has diftributed among certain perfons, near twenty lacks of 
 ♦' rupees. — And that it is incumbent upon them to difcover to whom fuch fums have been paid, 
 ♦' and for what confideration, in order that the moft eiFectual meafures may be purfued to reme- 
 " dy for the prefent, and to prevent for the future, any dangerous confequences which may have 
 *' arifen, or which may arife, not only to the country government, but likewife to the Compa- 
 " ny, from fuch practices." Upon the 6th of June the feleft committee of Bengal appear by 
 their proceedings to have taken under their confideration, a narrative from Mahomed Reza Cawn, 
 in anfwer to the charge againfl him by the nabob, in his letter of the ift ; and alfo a narrative 
 from JuoTUt Sect, a noted banker, that fums of money had been unduly obtained from him by the 
 gentlemen of the deputation mentioned above; and on the 7th and 8th the committee profecuted 
 the fame inquiries, by examining Mooteram, phoufdar of Hooghly, and BufTantroy his fervant; 
 and that on the 2lfl of June the feled committee came to the following unanimous refolution : 
 ♦' That Mr. Johnftone has adually received the fcveral I'ums, in money and bills, fpecified for his 
 ♦' ufe in the general accounts of Mahomed Reza Cawn and Juggut Sect — that he appears from 
 ♦' the evidences entered in our proceedings to have been a principal agent and manager in obtain- 
 ♦' 'w and diflributing the prefents, but unacquainted, they would willingly fuppofe, with the 
 ♦' menaces ufed by Mooteram in his name to Mahomed Reza Cawn and Juggut Sect, in order to 
 ♦' extort a fum of money from the latter for the ufe of the deputation — and laftly, that he is guilty 
 ♦' of actual difobedience to the Company's orders, in arraigning indecently, and refufing pofitive- 
 " ly to acknowlege, the authority wherewith the felcdt committee are mvefted by the honourable 
 *' the Court of Diredlors, and by urging their ufurped powers in excufe for declining any reply to 
 «' charges that fo deeply aftect his character. 
 
 " That Mr. Senior has received all the money fpecified for his ufe in the evidence already men- 
 ♦' tioned, and alfo the further lum of 50,000 rupees from Mahomed Reza Cawn on his own ac- 
 " count ; but that he neither authorized the meifages delivered by Mooteram, nor was a<aive in 
 " obtaining or diftributing the prefents. 
 
 " That Mr. Middlcton has received prefents from the nabob and Juggut Seetonly, fiim!y be- 
 " lievin^ them to be voluntary ; and that he always intended to refufe the prefent deiigned hmi 
 ♦' by Mahomed Reza Cawn. 
 
 " That
 
 ( 27 ) 
 
 "' That Mr. Leycerter has received the fever^il fums affixed to hU name in the abovemcntion- 
 " cd accounts ; but that he neither did nor intended to receive the bill? lodged w.tli Mooteram 
 " for his ufe, nor was any way concerned in the menaces thrown out by that perl'on to Mamohed 
 *' Reza Cawn and Juggut Seet ; all wliich is further confirmed by the oath which he voluntarily 
 *' took before the whole board. 
 
 ♦' That Medrs. Plcydell, Burdctt, and Gray, have each received 50,000 rupees from the na- 
 " bob, in the full pcrfuafion that the fame was a free gift to the gentlemen who then compofed 
 " the board, without any application on their parts, or confideration on the nabob's for fcrvices 
 " performed. 
 
 " That Mr. Cartier was utterly a ftranger to any demands made in his name, and that he would 
 " abfolurely have refulcJ a lack of rupees intended for him by the nabob, as fpecified in the above- 
 " mentioned general account of Mahomed Reza Cawn, had it been ever tendered to him." 
 
 " That upon the whole, the gentlemen who fat at the board, as well as thufe who ne^ociated at 
 •' the durbar, were guilty ofadlual difobedience to the Company's politive orders relative to theco- 
 " venants, both in delaying to execute them, and in receiving prefcnts contrary to the exprefs letter 
 " and Ipirit of thcfe obligations : yet to avoid every appearance of excrtint; with rigour the powers 
 " wherewith they are intrufted, or of being a<51uated by any other motives than thofe of honour 
 " and a firm atrachment to the intercft of their employers, 
 
 " RefoJved, That the fclc(El committee leave to the honourable Court of Direflors to pafs final 
 *' judgment; and refer to their minutes entered in confultation of the 23d inf?ant for a juftificatioa 
 " of tneir proceedings." 
 
 And your Committee find fome fubfequent proceedings were held before the felect committee 
 upon the fuhjcct of thefc prcfents, viz,, on the 4.th of July, when another letter or narrative of 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn, tranlmitted by Lord Clive, who was then at Mootc-jij, was received ; 
 and the member'; prcfent, viz. Meffieuts Sumner, Verelfl, and Sykcs, thereupon came to the fol- 
 lowing refolutions. 
 
 " Thjt Mahomed Reza Cawn has in this letter related fa£ls with great candour and precifion, 
 *' confirming, in the ftrniu;eft manner, the feveral particulars Itt forth in his former evidence. 
 
 " Tha he pofitivrly afTerts, and with the greatelt appearance of truth, that neither the pre- 
 " fents from the nabob, nor from himfelf, were vo'untary, but granted after fome altercation 
 *' and tedious negociations with the gentlemen of the deputation. 
 
 " That Mr. Juhnflone at flrfl defired a very large fum, but after a great deal of debate, and ma- 
 " ny conferences, Mooteram confeiitcd to accept 6,25,000 rupee-, frcm the nabob, and 4,75,000 
 " rupee? from Mahomed Reza Cawn ; of which fums the whole has been paid by the nabob, and 
 " 2,25,000 by Mahomed KezaCawn, in money and bills. 
 
 " That, over and above 1,37,500 rupees, which Mr. Johnflone obtained from the nabob, as 
 " a joint member and fenior fervant on the deputation, the fame gentleman ffipulatcd. That 
 " 100,000 rupees for himfelf, and 50,000 rupets for his brother, fhould be paid fecretly from 
 " all the other gentlemen. 
 
 " That, befides the above fums 'dandeftinely obtained from the nabob, Mr. Johnftone, as 
 ** principal agent and manager, thought proper, without the confcnt or knowledge uf his col- 
 •' legues, likewife to appropriate 50,000 rupees to himfelf, and 25,000 to his brother, out of 
 *' the money granted by Mahomed Reza Cawn, over and above his allowed proportion as a 
 " Member of the deputation. 
 
 " And, laflly, the committee agree, 
 
 *' That Mahomed Reza Cawn's letter be entered on the face of their proceedings, as unde- 
 " niable teftimony to all whom it may concern, of the necelfity of their inquiries, the impar- 
 " tiality of their proceedings, and the great lenity of their refolution, in fubmitting final juds- 
 " ment to the Court of Dire£lors, notwithflanding their coiiduiit has been bitterly ccniured, 
 •' their powers arraigned, their charadlers afperfcd, and their authority, fufficieiit to enable them 
 " to proceed, and juftify them in proceeding, to the lafl extremity." 
 
 And your Committee, before they enter upon the parole evidence relative to this fubje^f^, think 
 it proper to ffate to the Houfe, That Mooteram, phoufdar of Hooghly, and Budantroy his fervant, 
 mentioned above, were under confinement at the time of their examination. — And in regard to 
 the penbns accufed, your Committee find. That the proceedings of the feletS committee were 
 laid before the council, where the perfons concerned had an opportunity of examining the charge.'^, 
 and giving in their anfwers, which they feverally did in their minutes annexed. No. 85 ; and that 
 by the delirc of the members of the felcifl committee at the board, the i 7th of June, Mooteram 
 was before the council, on the i8th of June, as appears in the Appendix, 85. But it docs not 
 appear that any of them were prcfent, or had been confronted with their accufers, or heard in 
 their defence, at the time the refolution of the iff of June pafl"i:d. Neither docs it appear, th.ii 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn was ever fwoin to the truth of his diti^'eicnt narratives, nor examined in 
 perfon before the committee ; nor that Juggut Seet was fworn to the ti uth of his narratives ; nor 
 <lo your Committee find, that the pcrloiis concerned in this laft narrative were made acquainted 
 
 WKi»
 
 r 28 ) 
 
 uith the matter contained therein, at the lime the committee came to the refolntion of the 4th of 
 Juiv flated above. 
 
 And your Commitree find, That, in confcqucnce of the proceedings of the felecl commltte 
 upon this fu'-'ject, a icport was made to the Court of Diredors, in a letter dated the 3c:h of Sjp- 
 itmbcr 1765, (a copy of which letter is annexed, No. 86) and, in order to elucidate the proce^u- 
 injrs and the reprcfsntation thereof, as ftated in that letter, your Committee examined William 
 Brightwell Sumner, Efqiiirc, who bein^ an<ed, What was his opinion refpe<5ling the truth of the 
 inl'ormation delivered by the nabob touching tlie prefents received by the deputation and the council 
 in 1765 ? laid, That with refpecf to the pref?;ntb received by the deputation, and gnVk;rr.or and 
 council, on the accclTion of Nutijum ul Dowlah to the government in 1765, thefiift informa- 
 tion on the fubjcdf, as well as the feveral evidences exhibited, came before iiim officially, and that 
 the reprefentations thereof to the Court of Diretitors were made officially. — That under the variety 
 of contradidory evidence that appeared before the committee, however difficult it might be for him 
 to determine, he found himfelf dilpofed to confine the cenfure wholly to that part of the gentle- 
 men's conduft which related to their nothavmg fubfcribed the covenants f^nt out by the Compa- 
 ny, and which, as members of the adminiftration, he thought it incumbent on them to have ex- 
 ecuted, or to have rehgned thefc-rvice; and that in his private correfpondence with his particular 
 friends in the direction, he confined his cenfure entirely to that part of their conduiSh — that when 
 he was appointed again to the Company's fervice in 1764, he readily acquiefced to figning theco- 
 venjnts hmnfelf ; but that a few days after, when he found that the Court of Dir^£lors intended to 
 exclude their fervants wholly from the benefits of the inland trade, which, when he figncd the co- 
 venant-, he clearly underftood they were to be indulged in, and confidcring it as a new term of 
 fervice, he declared to his friends in the diredlion, that he would refign his appointment, and that 
 it was his fixed refokition fo to have done, if that new condition had not been revoked by a refo- 
 lutionof the general court, the refult of which wa=, that the regulations for carrying on the inland 
 trade was referred wholly to the governor and council — that, however warm their reprefentations 
 officially to the Court of Directors may have been, he acknowlcged thecircumllances do not now 
 by any means appear to him in the fame light they then did — that a cooler examination into the 
 maiter, and a more intimate knowledge of fome of the parties, together with information") he had 
 fitice received, had made him materially alter his fentiments of thofe tranfacli jns ; and that he had 
 not a doubt of the prefents being freely and voluntarily given on the part of the nabob and Adaho- 
 med Rcza Cawn. — Being afked, if he had ever, and at what time, been of opinion, that the prefents 
 were not freely and voluntarily given ? he faid. He had his doubts at the time of the examination 
 into that matter. And being afked. Whether the letters he wrote to his friends in the diredion 
 weie written at the time he had received fatisfa£fion of the prefents being freely made ? he faid, they 
 were — that he was then in office, but did not acquaint the other gentlemen in office with that change 
 in his fentiments, nor the Court of Diredlors, to whom he could not communicated his opinion in 
 his capacity as an individual ; but that he mentioned it in his private letters to Sir George Aniyand 
 and Mr. Scrafton, two of the then direftors — And being afked. What were the particular grounds 
 of his chano-e of fentiment ? he faid, A variety of information that he had received from different 
 perfons, but in particular Air. Leycefter's return of the 50,000 rupees to Alahomed Reza Cawn, 
 in which, atfirft, from the evidence, there appeared fome difficulty with regard to time, but that 
 it was afterwards fully ftated to his conviftion. — Being afked. Whether at the time of fub-tribing 
 the letter frotn the feled committee at Bengal to the Court of DireiStors, dated the 30tli of Septem- 
 ber 1765, he entertained any doubts whether the prefents were freely and voluntarily made ? he 
 faid. That the different information he had received from the time of the examination to the time 
 of his fubfcribing that letter, had fully convinced him that the prefents from the nabob and Ala- 
 homed Reza Cawn to the gentlemen of the deputation, and the mcmbcis of the council, were 
 freely and voluntarily given. — And being queffioned, he faid, There was not any deceit or unfair 
 prafl ice made ufe of to induce him to fign that letter. — And being afked. Whether he thotight the 
 Court of Directors, at the time they wrote their letter to the fele(5f committee, dated the j 7th Alay 
 1766, were convinced that the faid prefents were not freely and voluntarily made ? he faid. He did. 
 — Being afked, Whether the felect committee received any, and what, inftructions from the Court 
 of Diredtors relative to the prefents from Colfim Ally Cawn to the Company's feivants in 1760 ? 
 he faid, The Court of Direftors did tranfrnit fome inftruflions on that fubje£t while he was an act- 
 ing member of the committee ; that he could not recolledt the precife purport, but believed they 
 diretStcd an inquiry. — And being afked. Whether, upon the receipt of thofe inftrudtions he difclofed 
 to the felect cominittce the prefents he had himfelf received at that period f he replied, That the 
 inffrudlions to the bell of hia recolledtion were received by the committee eaily in Augull 1766, 
 when his ftateof health was fuch as rendered him utterly incapable of attending to any public bu- 
 iiiiefs from about the day of the receipt of that letter to the 23d of Augufl •, and that he did not at- 
 tend the committee above once or twice from the a3d of .'^uguft to the 2Bth of November, the day 
 on which he refigned the fervice, being incapable of attendmg at ail. — And being afked, he faid 
 the public letter of the 3cth of September 1765 was drawn up by Air. Carnpbeii, ftcretary to the 
 
 felect
 
 ( 29 ) 
 
 fcicct committee, and read to the committee at the time of their f;gning it— that he was at that 
 time It-nfible that fonie parts of it were contrary to the fentimonts he nad'exprcired iii his private 
 letters to his friends, ot ncaily the fame d;ac— that he had received luiricient tonvict.on for himfelf, 
 but had not before him the full proof of thofe matiers which he thoui^ln would have been likely to 
 operate^ to the convidion of the ocher gentlemen of the felect committee ; that he fbrefaw, after the 
 conclufion they had come to at the time the examination was netoie (hum, and from cjie records of 
 which thole reprelentations were made, that an attempt to alter the ideas which weie adopted wduIJ 
 involve him in endlefs altercations, without producing any good ; and that he confidrred that he was 
 doing as much juilice to the gentlemen tht-mfcivts hy his private leprdeiiiat.nns to his particular 
 fncnds in the direifhoo, as he could have done by any diilent he couid have made on the fpnt, 
 which probably would not have in the leall altered the public repreftrntations, and niij^ht have fub- 
 jccl-.-d h:mfelf to many difagreeable confequences — that there are many points and fituations m the 
 pub! c aft"a:rs, wheren a man muft yield a p.-.rt of his own judgment to the prevailing influence, 
 a:id in order to preierve unanimity, which difpofition influenced tlie conduiit he had oblerved on 
 this occalion. And being afked. What he meant by prevailing influence at that time ? he faid, A 
 great majority in the committee. — Being afked, If he thought himlelf authorized to fubfcrib.- in 
 his oSc:al capacity (.pinions not his own ? he anl'wercd, That it was the ctmilant p;aclite of the 
 (ervice, with the exception of entering dilients upon the proceedings — the rcafon he did not enter 
 his diiient is given in the preceding aniwer : he further faid. That it was ihe exprtrfs order of the 
 Court of Directors, that every man ftouid iign all public letters, entering his diiient, if they thought 
 proper, to- any part they difapproved. — And being further alked, If he had ever ventured to enter a 
 Jiiieiit upon the public proceedings ? he faid, He had upon two or three occafions ; and particu- 
 larly the paragraph of the next letter from the (elect committee, dated the 31 (t of January 1766; 
 and that paragraphs 21 and 22 would (hew the cenfure he receiveci. — Being alked. Whether he 
 thought NIahonied Rtza Cawn's being appointed prime miniller could be agreeable to the nabob ? 
 — He faid, It Certainly could not ; but that if the appointment of him was improper, or the nabob 
 placed in a fituation too much under his influence, it was in the power of Lord Clive and the fe- 
 ied committee to have difplaccd him, and to have given the nabob what degree of authority they 
 thought proper : the witnefs confidercd his appi.intmenr proper, and the degree of power iji'vcn to 
 him nec^ilary. — That I-ord Clive and the comn-.ittee elteemed his ct>nduct irreproachable durin^ 
 his fhoit adminlllraticn, and that he was coniirmed by them in his office, with fome diminution 
 of power, by the aflbciation of Juggut Sect and Roy Dullub. — And being afked. Where Nudjuin 
 111 Dowlah, in the treaty with Lord Clive, the 30th of September I765,"'expreires his perfect re- 
 liance on Mahomed Reza Cawn, if he thought the nabob was any more fatisfied by Mahomed 
 Rcza Cawn's appointment under that treaty, tnan under the trraty made by the deputies the iMay 
 preceding? — he faid. He believed both were equally difagreeable to him : 'that the appointment 
 of Nundcomar was the motl: earnelf wi(h the nabob had at all times : he difbelievtd that part of 
 the evidence of Mahomed Reza Cawn to the fele^Sf committee, refpe^ting the prefcnts to the o-en- 
 tlcnien of the deputation. — He (aid that he apprehended he gave them vjluntarily, having apolo- 
 gized to Mr. Cartier by an exprefs declaration for the condud he had obferved on that examina- 
 tion in giving falfe evidence, from which the witnefs believed he accommodated his evidence to 
 the times. — That the evidence with refpect to Juggut Seet remained unanfwered ; and that from 
 the evidence of Mooteram there fhll appears iooie indelicacy in tiie negodation m that point: 
 that Mahomed Reza Cawn's declaration was made about Jane or July, "and previous to the leiiJ- 
 in'' away the public letter, being himlelf acq lainted with it at that time. 
 
 And Ralph Leycefter, Efquire, being exami ;ed in regard to that part of the foregoing evidence, 
 wherein mention is made of a letter fiom Mr. Cartier; and being quedioned, VVhether he had 
 any letter from Mr. Cartier, informing hin\ that Mahomed Reza Cawn had apolo<i;ized to hhn 
 for having given falfe evidence to the (elect committee, concerning the prefents received by the 
 ccntlemen of (he deputation at the aceeffion of Nudjum ul Doivlah : he faid, He was extremely 
 iorry to tind that any private letter to hiin had been mentioned to the Committee, as he elteemed 
 the production of private letters, without the coiifcit of the writers, to be very improper; and 
 he declared it was totally without his concurrence. — I'hat he received various letters from Air. 
 Cartier on the fubjed of prel'ents, on the conduct of the felcd committee, and Mahomed Reza 
 Cawn ; but that with regard to the Ittter referred to by Air. Sumner, he could not venture to 
 afleit the receipt of one in the terms mentioned by Mr. Sumner ; and that he couid not fay he be- 
 lieved he ever did receive a letter (rom Mr. Cartier to that purpofe. 
 
 Your Committee then examined Harry Vercllf, Kfquire, who being afked. If any quorum was 
 prefcribed for the feled committee.'' faid. That the ufual quorum was three; but tint the i'e'.ect 
 committee did not l.iy down any rule> for ihemfelves. Your Committee then read the felecl con.- 
 mittec proceedings of the 2ift of December, 1766 ; on which day the I and i-8th per Cent 
 was continued to Lord Clive till the September following his leaving the Cjovernment, and the 
 unappropriated (hare of the fait trade was alfigned to Mr. Harry Vereilt. 
 
 And your Committee found. That only two members were prefent on th.it ocrafion ; viz. 
 Lord Clive, and Mr. Verelll ; but that Gencal Carnac dsfued his name to be added. — \iid vour 
 
 H Co. I-
 
 e 
 
 ( 30 ) 
 
 Committee alfo found, That on the loth of Auguil: when the fait fociety was eflablifhed, there 
 were only two members prelent ; viz. Meflrs. SummcT, and Verelft. — And Mr. Verelft being 
 aiked It it was ulual for the comniittee to proceed without more than two members being pre- 
 fent r— he faid, It was not; but that it was cuftomary for every member who was upon the fpot 
 
 to attend. And being asked. Whether Mr. Summer, who was prefident at the (elect committee 
 
 on the 4th of July 1765, ever fuggelled to him, or any other member of that committee, that he 
 believed the prefents belore mentioned were freely and voluntarily made ': — he faid. He never did : 
 
 'Piiat the committee were unanimoully ot opinion to the contrary : — That he never heard Mr. 
 
 Sumner intimate the leaft doubt of the veracity of Mahomed Reza Cawn's narrative, or what 
 he alleiJi ed in the letter read at that committee, during his flay in India, nor fincc, till the fe- 
 cond day before the time of this prefent examination : — That the witnefs never had any caufe, 
 either then or Inice, to fulpeitt ttie veracity of Mahomed Reza Cawn's evidence, or that -of 
 the other witneiTes all of wliom were dellrcd by the committee to conlider with the utmoft cau- 
 tion every matter, and to be careful to adhere ItricUy to the truth, without any exagger.:tion. — 
 Beiiip; aiked. Whether he thought that if Buflant Roy, and Mooteram, who were two of the 
 witncfles examined by the committee, had not been put under a guard, they would have endea- 
 voured to eicape or abfcond ; and whether it is the cuftom in India to place guards or peons o- 
 ver perfons wanted to be examined, if there is a probability of their abfcondiiig? he faid. It was 
 always ulual fo to do; they having none but armed men to employ on all thofe occalions : — 
 That without that rellraint, butlant Roy and Mooteram very pollibly might have attempted to 
 have made their efcape, becaulc they might have had fome intimation of the matter about which 
 they were to be examined, and might think thcmfelves liable to the cenfure of the committee for 
 b.avii!' been employed in obtaining the prelents : that, in his opinion, no rilque of cenfure they 
 miwht^pprehcnd thimlclves to be in, would induce them to give a partial evidence : — That they 
 confeiled all that they could apprehend being charged with, which he attributed to the natural 
 averiion of the Hindoos to examinations upon oath, and which they would on all occafions wil- 
 
 linely avoid : 1 hat their evidence againft the gentlemen who had received prefents did not in 
 
 ant fhape excu'pate thcmfelves ; and that the oaths of the Hindoos are held as facred by them 
 as the oaths of any other people whatever. Being asked. Whether he credited the nabob's rcpre- 
 fentation of the itt of lime, alleging that Mahomed Reza Cawn had dilliibuted the money 
 without his knowledge i he laid, 1 hat it appeared in June before the date of the nabob's .'ettcr, 
 that the nabob had t'ivcn him an order under his hand, or hand and feal, for diftributing the mo- 
 
 jjg,^. . That in this inftance he deemed the nabob wrong In his r«prefentation, and could ealily 
 
 account for it, by attributing to Nundcomar the drawing up of that letter for his highnefs: That 
 he had no pofitive proof of it, but was led to think fo by Nundcomar's being generally about the 
 nabob's perlon, and employed in his private concerns. — And being asked. Whether he thought 
 the prelents from Mahomed Reza Cawn, and the nabob, were obtained from them againlf their 
 
 content r he taid he mult declare, as an honeft man, that he believed they were : — And being 
 
 asked Why he joined in recommending Mr. Aliddleton, who had received a part of thofe pre- 
 fents as a fit perlon to be continued in the Eaft India Company's fervice : He faid he did it 
 from'a \on<y knowledge of him, and a thorough good opinion of his principles ? And being asked, 
 he laid Mr. MiddletoH is the next in fuccetlion to the government of Bengal at this time .' and 
 that he blamed him very much tor taking any (hare of thofe prefents; but that after his being 
 thorou^'hly convinced of the impropriety of his conduct in that affair, and having oftered to give 
 fecurity for the repayment of the money, in cafe the law determined the matter agaiiilf him, .-ind 
 its bein» the onlv fault he ever knew him guilty of, he did efteem him a proper fervant for the 
 Company : and he farther faid, that the whole matter relating to the prefents was communicated 
 to the council board before the committee wrote their letter to the Court ot' Directors : and being 
 asked. If he thought Mr. Middleton was capable of making a declaration under his hand to the 
 feled committee, that was not lli icily true ? he faid, No ; nor does he recolkiit any circumitance 
 relatin"- to Mr. Middleton which led him to believe fo ; and the letter from Mr. Middleton 
 to the1'elc£t committee, 18 June 1765, and the retblution thereupon, being read, the witnefs 
 faid, He believed the contents of that letter were ftri<5tly true : — And being afked, 'Whether he 
 communicated Mahomed Reza Cawn's letter, or any part of it, before the committee came to the 
 refolutions on the 4th of July .' he faid, .Mahomed Reza Cawn's letter of the 23d of June is enter- 
 ed on the committee ptoccedings the 4th of July following, where the lefolutions of the commit- 
 tee {bnd rtcordcd ; and he therefore luppofsd that the letter was not communicated to the gentle- 
 men of the board prioi to thole refolutions ; and the oath by which the committee were bound not to 
 communicate their proceedings to any bodv till they had been laid before the council, being read, 
 he faid He lemembered an alteration in that oath, and to the beft of his recolkvSlion the diitinctioii 
 •was, that according to the oath, as it firft itood, fecrecy was to be kept till the proceedings were 
 laid'bcloic the boaid ; and that in the additional claufe the words were, " Or with the approbati- 
 «' on of the conimittee ," and that as he he iei'ed the alteration in the oath was made at the be- 
 ginniii'^ I'f his government in 1767 :~ And being alked, If Nundcomar was dilfatisfied with the 
 treaty concludc^l by the deputies? he faid. He did not know : — And being afked. If the nabob was 
 diU'a-.Vfud with i!k >pp..in!n,er:t ot M.ih(>mfJ Re/aC.vvnf he replied. He could not f<.y :— And 
 
 being
 
 ( 3' ) 
 
 being afked, If Nundcomar was the miiiifter before the appointment of Mahomed Rcza Cawn, he 
 faid, He could not tell ; that he was in a diflaiit country, and had no correCpondencc- with the 
 court : — And being afked, who Nundcomar was ? he ('aid. He is a Cjentoo; that he knew nothin>' 
 of him except feeing him with the nabobs ; that he could not delineate who cir what he is ; that he 
 knew nothing of his rife in life; that he was generally employed by, and attending on the nabobs ; 
 — And being alked, If his chara(ilcr was good or bad r he faid, He had heard variuus opinions re- 
 Jpeiting his charader, but could nor pretend to fay what might be the general opinion : — And be- 
 ing afked. Who was BuJi'ant Roy ? he faid, He thought it appeared on tiie records, that be was one 
 employed by Mooteram, who was nominated to the foufdary of Hooghly : — Ana being afked. If 
 Mooteram was connected with any of the gentlemen in the deputation ? he faid, From the infor- 
 mation the committee received, it appeared to them he was an agent of Air. Johnllone. 
 
 Your Committee examined General Carnac, who laid that Mr. Sumner having cxprefled a dif- 
 ference ot opmion from what appears to be his on the felccl committee proceed i.igs, refpe^ftin^ 
 the prefents made on the acceUion of NudJL'm ul Dowlah ; bethought it incumbent on every 
 member of that committee to ftate the grounds of his opinion, and exprefTed his fatisfadlion at be- 
 ing able to produce tcftimony what were his feniiments long before the meeting of that commit- 
 tee, as tothcmcafure to be purfued on the death of Myr JafHer ; in coniirmation uf which herefer- 
 rtd your Committee to certain letters and papers relative to that in.ittL-r ; which being read, he 
 further (aid, that knowing the arrangement of the minilters, as made by t!ie geiitlcinen in the de- 
 putation to be wholly repugnant to the young nabob's wifhes, and that he could not but be highly 
 difl'atisfied with ha* ing a regent fet over him, who had the whole executive power, under the odi- 
 ous appellation of naib fubah, and that the perion appointed to that office was particularly obnox- 
 ious to him, it was impofTible he (hould think that Nudjum ul Dowlali would make, with a good 
 will, preknts to thofe who were the inftruments of fuch an appointment: that as to Mahcmed 
 R.za Cawn, there was no realon for his being difpleafed : — i'hat his ambition mulT: have been 
 highly gratified by the exaltation to fo eminent a pofl. — That the Sects were not in the mode of 
 iTidking presents, neither was there any inftance, as the witnefs remembered, of their having made 
 any before this period ; and thatthey werenotdelirousof holdingofficesundcrthegovernment, which 
 would rather have been an hindrance to their principal occupation as bankers. — And being asked. 
 Why the naib fubah was odious to the youn^i nabob ? he faid, I'he appointment of a nuib fubah, 
 which implies the perfon in whom the whole executive power is lodged, carries v\'ith it an idea 
 that the prince under whom he is appointed, is incapable of governing ; and that the gentlemen 
 who effected the revolution in 1760, in favour of Myr Coffim, have afiertcJ that nothing was ori- 
 ginally intended except appointing him naib fubah. — And being askej, If the confir- 
 mation of Mahomed Reza Cawn in his office was not as odious to the nabob in his firfl appoint- 
 ment f he faid. He was certain that the having Mahomed Reza Cawn as his nunifler in any 
 fhape, was difagreeable to him ; but that the thing being once done it would not perhaps have 
 been lb advifeable to have made any material change therein : — 'That the appointment was cer- 
 tainly rendered lefs difagreeable to the nabob by changing the appellation of naib fub.ib, which 
 was particularly odious : — That his main objecllcin to the proceedings of the gentlemen who form- 
 ed the treaty, was their forcing minillers upon the nabob, who had been exceedingly obnoxious 
 to the deceafed nabob, and were equally fo to the young one, his fon : And he further laid, That 
 he objedted to the article which gave a power to Mahomed Reza Cawn, that in his opinion ought 
 to have been withheld ; — That he approved of the article in the treaty which eR.ibliftied the luc- 
 ceifion ; but did not think the deputation was neccflary ; for that Nudjum ul Dowlah having been 
 appointed chuta nabob, he was of courfe in the regn'ar form of lucctlfion, and became nabob on 
 his father's death ; always fuppofing that he would receive confn inaiion of the fame from the 
 king. Then the 5th fedion of the letter t'rom the felecl comiiiitte to the Court of Dirediois, the 
 30th of September 1765, being read to him, and being asked. Whether he meant thereby to im- 
 pute any blame to the gentlemen of the deputation, and the governor and council, for having 
 railed the natural fon of the deceafed nabob to the fubahdarree, in prejudice to the claim of h:s 
 graudfon ? he faid, He had before given his opinion on that fubjecl ; and that he did not niean to 
 be uiiderltood, that by putting his narrie to that letter he agreed to evcr\' individual aiticlc contain- 
 ed in It, but that he lubfcribcdhis ailent to the general tenor of it : — I'hat it was his duty to have 
 figned it, entering a difll-nt if there had been any parts fo materially contrary to his fcntiments as 
 to have rendered it neceliary : — That to his knov/ledge Roy Dullub was very much dilliked by 
 the nabob; and that the Scets who were by no means ambition^ men, would jjladly have difpen- 
 fcd with the (hare in the government that was given them. And bting asked, Whether the ar- 
 rangement made by the prefident and council, before the arrival of J^ord Clivc, prevented his 
 lordfhip and the felecl committee from making any arrange incuts they thonpht proper? he 
 faid, 1 hat the fucceffion, as lettlcd by the diputation, being onci.- eihibiifhed, could not have been 
 let afide without the appearance of a revolution. — Fhcn being a-ked. How he r.conclled the af- 
 fertion in the letter, that not a fingle rupee was (iipulated for the Company, with the acknow- 
 ledgment he had before made, that live lacks per month were (tipul.ited for the Company i" he 
 faid. That his idea therein referred merely to the fohcitaiions for prefents from the nabob, M.iho- 
 med Reza Cawn, and Ji'tfut Sect, lor the individual- of the .ouncil without any conllJer.ition to 
 
 the
 
 ( 32 ) 
 
 the Company, who, if picfcn s wiic to be folicited, had a better rigiit to them; but that he Jid 
 not think the Company had any title to more than ihey got. — And being alked. If the Company 
 got all they were nitiiied to, wncrein their intereft had been (acrificed ? — he faid, By the nesilect 
 of an opportunity that might have offered, if the m^joritv of the committee had judged it prudent 
 and advil'cdble to adopt a different mode of fucceffion. — Then the 8th parat;raph ol the !a:d letter 
 being read, and the witneis being asked, Jf he knew of any money bcnig received on t!ie accef- 
 iion (;f Nudjum ul Dowlah, from oppofitc parties and contending interefb ? (which axe words 
 uled in the f.iid paragraph) he laid. He underilood that Nundcomar as well as Roy Daliub had 
 been offering teeps on all quarters, to fecurc to themfelves the principal (hare of the miniftry ; 
 but that he did not know that they were received, or that any promife was made them that they 
 fhould have the place alTigncd jo Mahomed Reza Cawn. — And being queftioned. Whether he 
 thought they were received? — he anfwercd. He did not; that he beieved he could produce fe- 
 veral letters of the gentlemen concerned, acknowledging the offers. — And being asked, Whether, 
 i't the time of fignmg the general letter, he thought the evidence he had hear<i, relative to fcve- 
 ral lacks of rupees procured from Nundcomar and Roy Dullub, julhfied the ftate of that fuel, as 
 drawn up in the general letter.' — he faid, He thought there mufV have been fome foundation 
 for what appears to have been fo ftrongly afi'erted ; and that in regard to the laft paragraph of 
 the faid letter, there was a lift given in by Nundcomar, which he faw, and to the hell of his be- 
 lief it was wiitten both in Knglifh and Perllan > and he does not know that Nundcomar was 
 brought before the Cumm tiec and e.xamined refpefting that lift. — And being asked. What was 
 the eh.iracfer of Shah Aa!ui7i ? he laid. He was a man of middling undeiffanding, owing to his 
 confinement, which deprived him of any great opportunity of improving himfcif, but that he be- 
 lieved him to have been rather a good man than othervi il'e. — And being asked. Why he faid, in 
 the letter from Lord Clive and himl'clf to the fcleift committee, entered on the felc(fl confultation.s, 
 12 Auguft 1766, 7 hat it was not for the Company's intcrelt or honour to maintain anv connec- 
 tion «\i[h a man of fo weak an underflanding, and fo very deficient in every principle of honor? 
 he again faid. That it does not ncceifarily follow, from his fubfcribing to any letter, that he affent- 
 ed to every individual article of it ; that there never would be any letters fent, if all the parties to 
 it were to be unanimous with refpeil to the whole. 
 
 Your Committee then called Francis Sykes, P^fqulre, who being afked who drew up the letter 
 froin the felecl committee to the Court of Directors, dated 30th of September 1765, faid. That 
 it was drawn up by Mr. Campbell the fecretary, and that he, the witnefs, neither drew up or 
 altered any part of it : and being afked, What part of the political conduct of the governor and 
 council of Bengal he meant to find fault, h\ the fecond paragraph of the above letter .'' he con- 
 curred with General Carnac in difapproving the appointment of Mahomed Reza Cawn with fuch 
 e.xtenfive powers ; and added, that he blamed the gentlemen who fettled the treaty with Nudjum 
 ul Dowlah, for omitting the opportunity they then had of conftituting a fund adequate to the e.x- 
 pences the company were obliged to be at in proteefing the country. — That the revenues were 
 ieft too much at the mercy of individuals, ana he thought the natural effect of thofe arrange- 
 ments would be to put the nabob in fuch a fituation as to enable him to withold the necell'jrv 
 payment to the army, which whenever he did pay, it was with reludtance. — That he difappioved 
 of making the concurrence ajid approbation of the governor and council neceffary to the appoint- 
 ment and dilmifiion of the nabob's officers, and objected to the appointment of Nudjum ul ])ow- 
 lah to the mufnud, in pieference to Myr Jaffier's grandfon, particularly as the grandfon had been 
 declared the legal heir and chuta nabob in the public durbar, by I\Iyr JafHer, in the prefence of 
 the witnefs, in the year 1760, foon after the death of the nabob Myr Jaftier's fon, Meeran; which 
 tranfaction he faid muft appear upon the Compan-y's records. — That there were 4 or 500 ofHccrs 
 of the fovtrnment prcfent at the ceremony, and that he received a drefs on the occalion. — And 
 being afked what fact he could mention to fhew that the gentlemen of the deputation received 
 confidcrable fums from Nundcomar and Roy Dullub, to appoint them to the employment intend- 
 ed to be bcftowed on Mahomed Reza Cawn, as ftated in the 8th paragraph of the letter from 
 the feleift committee to the Court of Direillors, the joih of September 1765 ? he faid. He could 
 not recollerSt the particulars of that aftair ; but that Roy Dullub did complain that a teep or reeps 
 were procured from him, befides which, he complained of Mr. Burdett in particular, and dt fired 
 to have his teep returned, wh;ch he believes was refufcd ; and believes other complalrits were 
 made. — And being afked if he knows of any promife made either by «he governor and council, 
 or the deputation, to Nundcomar or Roy Dullub, that they fliould be appointed to the place 
 which had been promiied Mahomed Reza Cawn f faid. He did not recoiled any one fad tliat a 
 promife was made, but it appeared to him at the time thev were both ftruggling for (he appoint- 
 ment. — And being afked. Whether, at the time of figniiig the general Irtter on the ilt ot Oiito- 
 ber, he had any pofitivc proof of the facts he afierted Uicrein, and did not now recollect, relative 
 to the prefents from Nundcom.ir and Roy Dullub? he f.tid. He does not lecoileiif, but dares to 
 fay that at the time of figning it fa<?ts did appear, fufficient to ground the par:!graph ujion. He 
 did not iccoUciSl that the particulars relating to it were ever recorded, and he di4 not acquaint 
 any of the gentlemen accufed with thefe circumflances : — And being afked. What w,-!s his opi- 
 nion lefptilirg the facts alkrted in the nabob's letter to the governor and council or ift lune
 
 ( 33 ) 
 
 1765 ? he faid, That with ref^^eiSt to the money which lie compLins to have been taken, which 
 appears upon the Company's records, he bdieves the fa£t to be true. The followini; paragraph 
 in the nabob's letter being read, viz. " Aficr this, I\IahomcJ Reza Cawn aniveJ and lat as Naib j 
 " he for the better eftabhlhing hlmlelf in the Naiblhlp, above twcniy lacks of rupees has dliiri- 
 " buted among fuch people as he thought proper, without niv knowledge"— And the vvitnels 
 being afked if he believed it to be true ? he laid. As to the tact ct that par!!graph, he could not 
 depend upon it. — And being afked, It that paragraph had been true, rclpedtnig the twenty lacks 
 of rupees taken by Mahomed Reza Cawn Irom the nabob's treafury, without his knowledge, he 
 fhould have thought him proper, though irreproachable towards the Company, to have contitiutd 
 roinifter for the Company in-the receipt of the Dewannec ? he faid. He h.id no idea that they 
 were taken without his knowledge; that they were taken contrary to his free will and pleafure, 
 the witnefs did believe; but as his condudt appeared to him irreproachable, with rclpect to any 
 aft in which he was concerned relative to the Company, he fhould have continued him in his 
 office : That that part of the nabob's letter complaining of his poverty, and aliening that he had 
 not money enough to pay his expences down to Calcutta, was not true; for that he knew that 
 he had at this period twenty lacks of rupees at Calcutta, by the report of his own cafhier : — And 
 being afked, he faid. He thought that the nabob's letter was diclatcd by Nundcumar :— And being 
 afked. If, when he figned the letter from the feled committee to the Court of Diredors, on the 
 30th of September 1765, he believed that the prefents mentioned in that letter were freelv and 
 volu.'.tarily given.-' he faid. That thole from the nabob never were given with his free will and 
 confetit; that thofc given by Mahomed Reza Cawn certainly were, for he told him fo; and that 
 thofe given by Juggut Sect were given under the fame clrcumftances as the nabob's :— And being 
 aflceJ, Whether any charge was given to the witnefll-s examined by the feled committee on the 
 nabob's complaint .' — he faid. That the charge, to the beft of his remembrance, was this — when 
 the matter of the nabob's complaint came before Lord Clive and the felcct committee, his Lord- 
 ftiip defired the witnelles would not attend to any intereft whatever, divtlt thenilelves of all party 
 and faction, and give to the felcct committee the whole truth and nothing more : — And bein" 
 afkrd. Whether Mahomed Reza Cawn was examined, or brought in a wr.tten narrative ready 
 tranflated to the Committee.? he faid, He wa,; qucfhoned by Lord Clive and feveial members of 
 the Committee, upon a vifit a day or two previous to his being brought into the Committee ; but 
 he bc'ieves without any thing being put upon paper: — That at that meeting the fame charge, 
 with refpedt to fpeaking the truth was given to him as was always given to all the other wit- 
 ncfles: — That upon the nabob's letter of complaint, Lord Clive e.\prefled great uneafinefs at 
 feeing the nabob fo much difpleafed ; and mentioned, as the witnefs thought, to Mahomed Reza 
 Cawn, that in confequence of the nabob's determined refolution to obtain juftice, he could not, 
 confiftent with his duty, avoid enquiring into it, and laying it before the leledl committee; that 
 his lordfhip hoped, when that matter came to take place, that thofe who were particularly con- 
 cerned would do juflice to all parties: — That there was no regular meeting nor any examination 
 then, or except when there were regular meetings of the committee :^— That in conlcquence of 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn having ideas, that he fhould be called upon to anfwcr for his conduft in 
 this partiiuhr afFair, he drew up a narrat've and brought it to the committee, which narrative 
 the witnefs bel.eved wa'^ drawn up between that meeting and the day that he wa. examined at 
 the committee, and tranflated by a black man hired for that purpofc: — .■\nd being afked. If Ma- 
 homed Reza Cawn was fworn at his examination? — he faid. That he did not recollect: — And 
 being allied. If Juggut Sect was fworn.' — he faid, He believed not — that when he was examined, 
 Lord Clive Jefired him to be attentive to adhere to the truth ; and he laid with warmth in an- 
 fwer, that he had put his feal, and that th,it would go for a crore of rupees : — And being afked. 
 If Mr. Sumner ever publicly or privately iiilormed him, that he had changed th.it opinion relat- 
 ing to the prefents which he had given upon record ? — he faid. Never till the day before his ex- 
 amination before this Committee. — Then the lafl paragraph of the fupplement of the letter from 
 the feleft committee to the Court of Diredlors, the 30th of September 1 765, being read, and the 
 witnefs being afked. What were the circumflances relative to the information therein contain- 
 ed .? — he faid, That the fact, as it appeared to him was, that Nundcomar did make I'uch a reprc- 
 fentation to the governor and felcct committee, jufl before the departure of the Admiral Stevens ; 
 and that a lift was delivered in, fpecifying the different fums the gentlemen were fuppofed to 
 have been benefited — that the bulinefs of the fettlemcnt taking up the attention of the felcct com- 
 mittee, he underftood prevented any immediate inquiry into the charge laid by Nundcomar: — 
 That the report flill pievailing, and many gentlemen giving credit to it, and the witnefs g dng 
 to the city in the month of March 1766, he did afk Mahomed Reza Cawn, and other olJi.ers 
 belonging to the nabob's treafury, queftions relative to this tranfaction ; and though Nundcomar 
 did infift to the very lafl, that it was a fact, the witnefs faid. He venly believed, from every li'ht 
 and intelligence he could gain, that the whole of the accufation contained in that paragraph was 
 bafe and falfe. — And being afked. If the difbdief (if that accufation was made known to the 
 Court of DirecSors ? he faid. He did not know that it was. — And being afked. If it was cuilo- 
 mary for the gentlemen of the fcledt committee to iign letters as the fecrctary drew them up, 
 
 i w.ih-
 
 ( 34 ) 
 
 without examination of exh particular paragraph, and conviction that tlicy wcrejufl in every 
 part ? he faid, 'I'hat all letters figned by the leka committee were always producea to them by 
 The lecretary, were read to them, and if there was nothing material to caule a dilknt, the.e w^s 
 an acquiefcence to the majority. The witnels further added, with refpedl to the preleiits givea 
 by Mahomed Rcxa Cawn, as a further reafon why they were voluntarily given. That the gen- 
 tlemen to whom the prefents were made, had railed him to the utmoft pitch of his ambition, and 
 that he' told the witnefs he had given the piefents with his own free will.— That, to the belt ot 
 the wltnels's recolleaion, this was faid by Mahomed Reza Cawn to him m common converfa- 
 tion about a year after the event ; that he never had had any converfation with Lord Clive, or 
 any other gentleman of the committee, upon that fubjedl, from that time to this. And being 
 afked Whether he had given an opinion on the 4th of July 1765, in confsqucncc of Mahomed 
 Reza'Cawn's letter of the 23d of June, That he had aflerted, with the grcattil appearance of 
 truth that neither the prefents from the nabob himlelf were voluntary, but granted after fome 
 altercation and tedious negociations with the gentlemen of the deputation, and which opiniori 
 had been tranfmitted to the Court of Diredors, he did not think it his duty to have acquainted 
 them hkewife with the above confeffion ? he faid. That when he figned that opinion, it appeared 
 to him that the affertions therein contained were true ; and that the converfation which pafftd be- 
 tween him and Mahomed Reza Cawn, wherein he contradicted thofe affertions, being at a long 
 time after the tranfadion had taken place, it never occurred to him to give information of it to 
 the Court of Direaois. And being afked, Whether, when he difcovered the baleriefs and falfity 
 of Nundcomar's reprefentation, as mentioned in the laft paragraph of the fupplement of the letter 
 of the 30th of Sepf-mber 1765, he acqirainted Lord Clive, and the other gentlemen of the Com- 
 mittee, with his difcovery ? he faid. He was certain he did mention his ideas on that matter to 
 the <jentlemen of the Committee, as well as many others— that he did not make the above difco- 
 very^iU March or April 1766; and that he did not know, that the feled committee ever ac- 
 quainted the Court of Direftors with it, it being a matter he was only defirous of knowing for 
 his own information, to invalidate private affertions at Calcutta.— And being afked, VV.hat dif- 
 tinction he found in favour of Mr, Middleton, to induce him to recommend that gentleman 10 
 the favour of the Court of Direaors, and even to difobey the orders of the Court to commence a 
 profecution againft him, while he wrote fo ftrongly againft the other members of the deputation? 
 he faid. That Mr. Middleton was at a fubordinate ftation, and that the receipt of the covenants 
 from their fuperiois were unknown, or at leaft had not been publicly tendered to him— that he 
 deemed the gentlemen who refided at Calcutta more culpable than Mr. Middleton, becaufe they 
 were the agents for the Company, and it became their duty to put the covenants immediately into 
 
 execution that at the time of the deputies fetting out, Mr. Senior was at a fubordinate fituation 
 
 at Coffimbuzar, and Mr. Johnftone was refident at Burdwan, but upon the nabob's death, was 
 called to the feat at the board at Calcutta. — And being afked. What diflinaion he made between 
 Mr. Middleton and Mr. Senior, in their claims to the Company's favour? he faid. He had an 
 opportunity of knowing the public condua of Mr. Middleton, but not that of Mr. Senior — that 
 the plea refpeaing the prefents allowed Mr. Middleton, equally favoured Mr. Senior ; but that 
 Mr. Middleton had declared himfelf ready to give fecurity to anfwer any demands the Company 
 might have upon him, which he did not underftand that Mr. Senior did — that Mr. Leycefter, 
 upon being informed, that the prefents received from Juggut Sect were not with his free will and 
 confent, immediately returned his (hare of it to him, and that on the tender of return being made, 
 Ju'T^ut Beet applied to the witnefs at Muxadabad, to know what he fhould do — that he told Jug- 
 ffu? Seet, if the prefent was given with his free will and confent, he fliould allow Mr. Lcycefter 
 to enjoy it, if not, that he fhould receive it back j which he accordingly did, and asked the wit- 
 nefs whether he fuppofed any other gentlemen would follow his example — And being asked. 
 Whether, when he mentioned that Mahomed Reza Cawn faid he had given the prefents volun- 
 tarily, he undeiftood that they were given unasked, or granted after fome altercation and tedious 
 necrociation with the deputies ? he faid. They were certainly asked for ; and that if Mahomed 
 Reza Cawn had not received the place of miniftcr to the nabob in the room of Nundcomar, or 
 fome other appointment equal to his wifh, he did not believe he would have made any prefents 
 with his free will and confent. 
 
 And to enable the Houfe to form further judgment upon the evidence given to the felea com- 
 mittee of Bengal, Robert Gregory, Efquire, a member of your Committee, and converfant in 
 the cuftoms of India, was asked. From the natural difpofition of the natives of Bengal, what 
 credit could be given to the evidence of an officer in the country government, when feized and 
 furrounded by military guards ? and he faid. He could give but very little credit to an evidence 
 fo o^iven — that he apprehended a native of that country, examined under apprchenfions of his 
 own fafety, would give the evidence that would tend moft to his own advantage. And he further 
 informed your Committee, that if there is any thing criminal likely to come out againft the man, 
 and a place of refuge near at hand, he fuppofed there was a neceffity in India of ufing a force to 
 detain him, olherwifc not—that in point of cuftom of the country government, they generally 
 
 ufed
 
 ( 35 ) 
 
 ufed violence, and brought witncdes to the place where they wanted to examine them ; but that 
 it had not been cuftomary in our lettleinents. 
 
 And in regard to oaths among Gcntoos, the witnefs faid he believed, under the foim of o;ith 
 delivered to the Gentoos, their tcftimony is to be depended upon as well as others, though theie 
 have been inftances in which they have been found guilty of perjury ; and that he doCi not know- 
 any inftance of Gentoos having quitted their habitations upon their being called on as evidentes, 
 and that without their lives or effedts were in danger, or their caft tdken from th!.m, he did no: 
 apprehend they would. 
 
 And Major Grant, who had been refident in India nearly feven year?, being examined to the 
 fame point, confirmed the opinion of the foregoing witnefs, relative to the fmall Jegree of credit 
 to be given to natives of Bengal examined under a guard. And being afkcd, Whether he would 
 difregard the evidence of the natives of that country, though given under the forms of oathi! 
 which are reckoned moft binding, according to the dirtcrent fccti r he faid. That under the cir- 
 cumiiances already mentioned ot conhncment, and the dread of conlequences, he fliould not pay 
 that regard to their evidence that he otherwife fliould, unlefs there were other concurrin" teftimo- 
 nies to enforce it. — And bemg afkcd. What regard has generally been given to the evidence of na- 
 tives of all fe£isy when called upon at a court martial to give evidence in cafes of life and death ? 
 he faiJ, he had never feen any inftance of that kind before a court martial, but imagined the court 
 would pay every deference to an evidence where it appeared there was no influence or interefl in 
 View J that he had never fat on a court nrutial, though he had occallonally attended the court 
 in Calcutta, but never the trial out — was ne^cr prefcnt at any inftance of a witnefs bcni''- exam- 
 ined un.'er a military guard. 
 
 And your Committee find, by the proceedings on the trial of Ram Churn, which were read, 
 that the moft fokmn manner of (wearing witnelVes, according to the Gentoo religion, is with 
 Tootfy and the Ganges water upon the cow's back, and the oath being adminiftered by abramin 
 from Goligott. 
 
 And General Carnac being queftioned to the fame point, faid, It was cuftomary, with refpcft 
 to the natives of India, to place guards or peons over perfons who were to be examined ; that there 
 were no minifters of pubhc jnftice, but armed men ; and he thought it neceflary to place a "uard 
 over Mooteram, becaufe he was under accul'ation : that in regard to oaths of Gentoob, he believed 
 from their fuperftitious zeal, and their ftrong attachment even to martyrdom to their antient rites, 
 they are held very facred. 
 
 It appears further, from the evidence of Mr. Sumner, that Mooteram was examined under a 
 guard, as the witnefs underftood, by direiftion of Lord Clive, on an information he had received 
 of his having the bills and money tranfaclions, mentionsd above, in his particular care ; and that 
 he was feized to prevent his efcapc. 
 
 In regard to the political tranfadtions propofcd to be confidered under the 4th head of the pro- 
 ceedings of the fcleft committee of Bengal, your Committee found, that on the 5th of June 1764 
 the fele<£l committee taking into conlideration many attempts wliich have been made to dcftroy 
 the unanimity, and corrupt the integrity of the members of the committee, both feparately and 
 jointly, by the nabob, through the influence of Nundcomar, and other ill-difpoled perfons, who 
 were admitted into his prcfencc, Refolved, That all inteicourle with the nabob, his minifters, 
 and the country powers, be maintained and conduifted by the right honourable the prcfident, as 
 the moft cfFeftual method to convince thofe ill-difpofed perfons tliat no motives of private advan- 
 tage, no defire of cncreafing their fortunes, can ever feduce the members of that board from the 
 duty they owed themfclves, the confidence they repofed in each other, or the ftcady refolution 
 they had formed to purfuc every method that tended to promote the Company's intereft, and the 
 peace, profperity, and happincis of the country. 
 
 And your Committee took occafion, from what appeared upon the above refolution, to call 
 Francis Sykes, Efquire, a member of the Houfc ; who being defired to ftate to the Committee in 
 what manner the nabob, through the influence of Nundcoinar, had endeavoured to corrupt his 
 integrity, and that of the other members of the felect committee, faid, That when he was fitting 
 at the board, foon after his arrival, he was called out by a fervant to fpeak to Nundcomar, who 
 was in a room contiguous to the apartment where the connnittce fat ; that he of himfelf, pro- 
 pofed to the witnefs, to fccure to the governor and felcdt committee 25 l.icks of rupees, if they 
 were inclined to lifteii to his terms, without mentioning what thole terms were ; but the wit- 
 nefs faid, he conjc(ftured the conditions he meant were to fupplaiit Mahomed Rcza Cawn, the 
 then prime ininifter : — That he told Nundcomar he had better go and mind his bulinefs, and im- 
 mediately left him, to attend hi<; duty in the committee : — That no body was prefent at this con- 
 verfation : — That Nundcomar did not fay whether it was to be his own money, or the nabob's, 
 whofe name, the witnefs believed, was not mentioned at all : — I'hat on his return to the com- 
 mittee, be mentioned Nundcomar's propofal to Lord Clive, who f.nd he was a rafcal, and had 
 belter go about his bufmefs :— That the witnefs never after, either dircdly or indirectly, knew 
 any thing more about the matter: — That Nundcomar's political tharadttr was very bad, but 
 
 that
 
 ( 36 ) - 
 
 ihat the witncfs faid that he had no doubt that if he had been made prime minifter, he would 
 have had it in his power to have fulfilled the propofal. 
 
 And in the political tranfadions referred to under this head, your Committee mean to com- 
 prehend the conclufion of the war with Sujah Dowlah ; the eftablifliment of the country govern- 
 ment, after Lord Clive's arrival in India ; the fettling of the peace with Sujah Dowlah ; the grant 
 of the Dewannce, and of the four Northern Sircars, and the reverfion of Lord Clive's Jaghire to 
 the Company, upon the expiration of his Lortlfliip's term therein. And firft, with refpeiS to the 
 conclufion of the war, your Committee refer to letters trom General Carnac, the commander in 
 chief of the army, fcy the laft of which letters, dated the 26th and 27th of May, contained in 
 IVo. 84, hereunto annexed, the former inclofmg a copy of a letter from Sujah Dowlah to General 
 Carnac, and the General's anfwer ; by which the felecSt committee found that Sujah Dowlah, as 
 liis laft refource, had thrown himfelf on the generofity of the Englifh, and was at that time ac- 
 tually in camp, ready to receive fuch terms of peace as they fhould prelcribe ; which appearing 
 to the committee a favourable opportunity for eftabliflmig the tranquility of the country on a 
 permanent foundation, they rcfolved that inftruclions fhould be fent to General Carnac for fet- 
 tling the preliminary articles with Sujah Dowlah, which they fent accordingly: — That the felecSt 
 committee, on the 2ilt of June, gave inftrudlions to Lord Clive, as entered in the feled committee 
 proceedings, copies of which are hereunto annexed ; and the I'eleiSl committee, on the fame day, 
 taking into confideration the youth, inexperience, and incapacity of Nudjum ul Dowlah, the na- 
 bob of Bengal ; the neceffity of placing the adminiftration in the hands of men capable to fupport 
 the weight of government, and attached to the Company's intereft ; and likewife the great danger 
 that might arile to the liability of the then eftablilhment, from fufFcring the whole powers for the 
 abfolute management of the three provinces to reft in a fingle perfon, refolvtd that Mahomed 
 Seza Cawn be advifed to relinquifti the title of naib fubah, and alio a part of the unbounded au- 
 thority wherewith he was invefted by the late treaty, as a meafure not only agreeable to the na- 
 bob, but neceilary to the fafety of the prefent government and the future tranquility of the coun- 
 try : the further rcafons for this refolution, and the appointment of other minifters, appear in the 
 fele^l committee proceedings of that day, a copy of which is annexed : and your Committee re- 
 fer the Houfe to the Appendix, N° 84, wherein are contained the regulations of the three pro- 
 vinces of Bengal, Bahar, and OrilTa, in conformity to the above refolution';. 
 
 That on the 7th of July the feledt committee obferving, by a letter from Lord Clive, dated the 
 3d inftant, that their plan, formed with a view of giving ftability to the nabob's governnncnt, by 
 dividing the adminiftration equally between Mahomed Reza Cawn, Juggut Seet, and Roy Dullub, 
 Was in danger of being fubverted, through the ambition of the latter, and the exctffive modera- 
 tion or timidity of the former, they gave inftruclions to Mr. Sykcs for the regulation of hr con- 
 duct at the durbar, as appears in the proceedings of the fele£l committee, 7th July 1765, which 
 are contained in N° 84 of the Appendix. 
 
 And your Committee find, by reading a letter from Lord Clive, dated Mootejil, 9 July, that 
 the Nabob, Mahomed Reza Cawn, Roy Dullub, and Juggut Seet, had at that time ligned the 
 abovemcntioned regulations for the three provinces, and that his lordfhip had obtained the fun- 
 Jiud for the reverfion of his jaghire, in perpetuity to the Company, conformable to the terms of 
 his agreement with them before he left England ; which he forwarded to Mr. Sumner and the 
 council, and at the fame time mentioned, that funnuds for confirm.ing the Nabob Nudjum ul 
 Dowlah fubah of the three provinces were to be obtained from the King, and that this would be 
 a favourable opportunity for procuring funnuds for the frefh granted lands about Calcutta, and 
 likewife for the Burdwan, Midnaporc, and Chittagong countries in perpetuity ; and that he had 
 been defired by the prefident of Fort Saint George, to obtain funnuds for the four northern pro- 
 vinces or fircars, which his lordfhip deeming a matter of great importance, determined to make 
 a point of, obferving at the fame time, that as the nabob intended purchafing the King's favours 
 at the price of five lacks of rupees, his lordfhip did not doubt that all the funnuds required on 
 the Company's account would be afforded gratis. — Your Committee find, by a letter from Lord 
 Clive to the i'eleiSl committee, dated Great Ganges iith July 1765, hereunto annexed, N" 87, 
 that amongft other matters, the nabob, on his lordfliip's reprefentation of the great expence of 
 fuch an army as would be neceflary to fupport him in his government, to defray the large fum 
 due for reftitution, and to the navy, together with the annual tribute which was of neceJlity to 
 be paid to the King, had confented that all the revenues of the country fhould be appropriated 
 to thofe purpofes, 50 lacks of rupees a year for himfelf excepted, out of which fum all his ex- 
 pences of every denomination, including Cavalry and Seepoys, were to be defrayed. That Lord 
 Clive left the particulars of the above propofitions to be fettled by Mr. Sykes, if the feleiSt com- 
 mittee fhould approve of it. — That on the 28th of July Mr. Sykes informed the fcled^ committee, 
 hy a letter of that date, that the nabob had agreed to accept the annual ftipcnd of 53,86,131 
 ficca rupees per annum, and to m.;ke over the management of the fubahdarree, with every ad- 
 vantage arifing from it, to the Company j that out of the above ftipend he was to allow 2,76,000 
 
 rupees a year, to the different branches of his family. That thelis payments were to be made 
 
 bv Mahomed Reza Cawn, Roy Dullub, and Juggut Sect, monthly; who were alfo to have the 
 
 pay-
 
 ( 37 ) 
 
 payments of all the t:abob's troops, fcrvant?, kc. And that the klcci committee, hy their It-tter 
 of the lOth of Auguft, exprclTed their approbation of the above regulations; but'oclired Mr. 
 Sylces to refcrve the ratification of them to Lord Clive znH the felect committee. Your Com- 
 mittee have annexed hereunto, No 88, a letter from Lord Clive and General Canac to the Ultct 
 Commiitee, dated Benares 3 Augull 1765, dating the particulars of the conference they h^d nad 
 with ijujah Dovviah, and the terms which they had otfcred to him lor the treaty of peace, and alfi> 
 a c;>py of the letter from Lord Ciive and (jencral Catnac to the fcieit ccmiimiee, Oated iDahub^d 
 12 Auguft, No 89, acquainting them with the negociations bL-twci.n them and the king, and the 
 terms which were then fettled between them on the grant of the Dewannee to the Company. 
 And your Committee find, by another letter from Lord Clive and General Carnac to the ("e ect 
 committee, of the 20th of Auguft, that the treaty of peace was concluded ; but that Sujah Dow- 
 Jah having exprefled the greateft reluctance at conl'enting to the .Sih article of the treaty, and hav- 
 ing frankly conlelled, that the encroachments of the Englifli in Bengal, with regard to trade, and 
 the great abiifes and exactions commicieJ by the Company's fcrvants, and others countenanced by 
 them, maJc him apprchenfive of the confequence in his liominions, and had t\pre(ied lo inucn 
 uneafinefs about the word faiStories, that they had at laft agreed to leave it out of the treaty; and 
 fuggelted the propriety of even withdrawing the faclory at Benaras, as foon as the Company's en- 
 gagements with Bulwantfing fhould expire. That on the 7th of September 1765, Lord Clive 
 relumed his feat at the lele«it committee, and laid before them an account of his Icvcral negocia- 
 tions with the country powers, during his abfence from the prefidcncy ; videlicet. The treatv of 
 peace with Sujah Dowlah — the royal grant of the officer of the Dewannee of B-nj/al and JJaiiar, 
 and Oti.xa — the grant of the reverfion of Lord Clive's Jaghire to the Company in perpetuity, on 
 the expiration of his lordfhip's teim thereir. — the confirmation in pcrpetuiiy of Buidwan, Alid- 
 napore and Chittagong, and of the 24 purgunnahs of Calcutta, which had been lormcrly aflii/n- 
 ed to the Company by the Nabob Myr Jaffier — the confirmation of the Company "s poflefnons in 
 the neighbourhood of Madrafs, &c. — the grant of the northern lircars in perpetuity — alfo the ar- 
 ticles of agreement with the king, for the due payment of the 26 lacks of rupees per annum to 
 his majefty, and the agreement wuh the niibod for the annual llipcnd, as above ftatcd, to be 
 paid his excellency for the fupport of the nizamut. Copies of all which are hereunto aimexed^ 
 N'o 90, 91, 92, 93, 94, 95, and 96. 
 
 And )0ur Committee then read a ftate of the revenues of the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and 
 OrifTa, and the Northern Sircars ; copies of which are alfo hereunto annexed, N'' 97. 
 
 And the opinion of the fe!e£t committee with regaid to the conduct of Lord Clive and General 
 Carnac, in the aforefaid negociations, being fully exprefled in their letters to thoie gmticmen of 
 the yth of September 1765, your Committee have annexed hereunto copies of both the faid let- 
 ters, N° 98 and 99. 
 
 And your Committee find, by the feleiS committee's letter to the Court ofDiredtoi?, 30th 
 September 1765, and from l^ord Clive's letter to the Court of Directors, dated the 30th Septem- 
 ber, paragraphs 7, 8, 12, 13, 14 and 15, and from his lordftiip's letter to the Court of Directors 
 28th November 1765, a copy of which is annexed, N" 100, wiitten chiefly in cypher, and fent 
 over land ; that tuU information was given to the Company of all the above-mentioned neaocia- 
 tions, together with the obfervations of the felect commiitee, and of Lord Clive, upon thole im- 
 portant events. 
 
 And your Committee find, by a letter from Lord Clive to the council, i ith June 1766, that 
 Sujah Dowlaon that day difcharged the whole of the treaty money. 
 
 Your Committee refer to the 5, 17, t8 and 19 paragraphs of the Company's fepera'e letter to 
 Bengal, dated 24th December 1765, hereunto annexed, containing the opinion of the Court of 
 Dire;3ors upon the conduct of the Company's fervant?, in the courfe of the war aginit Cofiim Al- 
 ly Cawn, condemning the demand which had been made ol the Goflipore country, and the inten- 
 tion of conquering Sujah Dowla's country for the King, requiring them to adopt Ibme fyilcni 
 which might clearly mark out the barriers of the country government and ours, and orderin? the 
 ftrifteft inquiry to be made, whether any contributions had been exacted by the fervants from the 
 Nabob Nudjum ul Dowla, on his fuccellion to the fubahfhip. 
 
 Your Committee have annexed, No. loi, an extraiSl from the Company's general letter to 
 Bengal, dated igth Febuary 1766, containing the further opinion of the Court of Direflors upon 
 the treaty with the King, upon the meafures purfued on the death of Jaffier Ally Cawn, the a|i- 
 pointment of independent duans, together with their fttidtures upon the treaty with the Nabob 
 Nudjum ul Dowlah. 
 
 Your Committee refer the Houfc to the 58th Paragraph of the general letter from the gover- 
 nor and council of Bengal, dated the 12th of November 1761, concerning their realons for refufing 
 the offer of the Dewannee of Bengal ; which your Commiitee find were approved of by the Court 
 of Directors in the 55th paragraph of their letter to Bengal, dated 9 March 1763, both of which are 
 hereunto annexed. 
 
 Your Committee then requefted the right honourable the Lord Clive to C^v, Whether in his 
 opinion the grant of the Dewannee was really a grant from a prince who from lw:> fituation at that 
 
 K time
 
 ( 38 ) 
 
 time might be fuppofed capable of bellowing fuch concefilon?, or whether it was an inrtrument 
 executed as a piece of form, which his lordlhip thought it expedient to take from political mo- 
 tives. — His lordlhip referred to the public records of the company, wherein his fentmient'. on that 
 iubjedt are entered, aswe'l as a defcription of the then fituation ot the Mogul. — And being asked. 
 If the Mogul had any trot ps at that time, and to what number r — He laid, Some ttioufaiio^ ; and 
 in regard to lands or revenues to pay them, he believed he was in pofleffion of Illahabad, and that 
 Sujah Dowlah, and many princes of the country, made him large prefcnts. And beuig asked, If 
 the Mogul was at that time wholly dependent on the bounty of the £ng!ifh for proiedtion antl e- 
 ven fubfiftencc r — he faid. He did not knov/ that the Englifh afforded him any fubhft^nce at that 
 time, nor till the articles of peace were fettled with Sujah Dowlah j when the treaty was made 
 that he fhould have particular pcil'cffions, and a certain annual ftipend— that he certainly ertpedted 
 ;ifliltance from tiie Lnalifh ; but that if he had been difpofed to ask for alTillance from other pow- 
 ers, all Indoflan was open to him, and particularly the Marrattas — that the Mogul was not in the 
 power of the f^nglifli army at the time he granted the Dewannee, but was his own mafter, to do 
 as he pleafed, though his power in Bengal was totally annihilated. — And being asked. Who put 
 the Mogul in polTcflion of Illahabad .?— He faid. The Company did ; and that he did not know 
 of his having any other poll'iflions at that time ; and could not fay whether, as the time was fo 
 fhort, he had colleifled any of the revenues of the place, or made any arrangement of government, 
 from the time he was put in pofl'effion of it, to the time of granting the Dewannee. And being 
 asked. If the .Mogul could have refufed the grant of the Dewannee, provided theEnglifli had infilled 
 upon it, without rifquing his own ruin f he faid. It was certainly his intereft to grant it to the Com- 
 pany, who might have taken it without his confent ; whether they would have done fo his lord- 
 fhip could not fay : that there was ftill fo much refpeft for the Great Mogul, that the independant 
 nabobs applied to him for their confirmation, which confirmation is generally attended with confi- 
 derabie prefents from the princes fo confirmed, who give them to the perfon they apply to as Mo- 
 gul : that at the time of granting the Dewannee the Mogul was at Illahabad : that his Son was 
 then reigning at Delhi but always acknowleged that he acted under his father; but his lordfli'p 
 could not fay whether the father acknowledged the fon to be his delegate. And being asked, it he 
 could particulaiize any nabob who made prefents on application for confirmation to the Mogul at 
 Illahabad .' — he faid, Nudjum ul Dowlah did. 
 
 Your Commit:ee then tailed General Carnac, who being afked. If the Mogul, when he granted 
 the Dewannee, was in fuch a fituation as to induce him to fuppofe it was a voluntary grant, and that 
 he was in poiTcflion of fuch authority as could enable him to do it .'' faid. That Shah Aalum was 
 really to all intents and purpofes the Great Mogul, as much as any of his predeceifors : In proof 
 of which, the witnefs faid. The two great honours annexed to that dignity he enjoyed equally with 
 his predeceflbrs, viz. the cootba or prayer for him as king was univeri'ally read, and moriey coined 
 in his name, throughout the whole empire — that fince the invafion of Nadir, the diflant provinces 
 have been very deficient in their payments of the royal revenues ; bur that to his certain know- 
 ledge the complimentary nazars or prefents were fent to Shah Aalum by the neighbouring pro- 
 vinces ; and as he believed the province of Delhi paid a yearly allowance to his fon, who relided 
 there as his delegate; that there is no doubt but the Englifh might have forced the grant ot the 
 Dewannee from the Mogul, if they thought it prudent or juft fo to do ; but that fuch a proceeding 
 would have excited a general odium againil the Englifh throughout all Indoflan, and that no (uch 
 foice was impoi'ed on him — that he gave it voluntarily, and had offered it to the witnets before — 
 that his interell was now concerned in the grant, for there was fecured to him a much more conli- 
 derable annuity than would probably have been paid him by any nabob — that the Mogul had been 
 in the hands of Sujah Dowlah, who had made ufe of the royal name to collect the revenues from 
 the adjacent provinces ; but that upon the defeat of Sujah Dowlah he again furrcndered himfelf to 
 the Englifh, and was by them invefted with the provinces of Korah and Illahabad in full fove- 
 rcignty — that at the time of granting the Dewannee his main dependance was upon the Englifh 
 — that a part of the Company's troops were aitending him at Illahabad, and that he never was 
 without fonie of them while the witnefs remained in the country ; for that the Mogul was jealous 
 of Sujah Dowlah, and would have been very uncafy without them. 
 
 l"o complete their inquiries upon this head, your Committee find, by a letter from Lord Clive 
 and General Carnac to the council, dated 30th April i766(AppendixN° 102) that the firft poonah 
 for Bengal, fince our becoming pofl'effed of the Dewannee, was held on the preceding day, the 
 forms of which were approved of by the Company, as appears by the 15th paragraph of their let- 
 ter to the ftlecl committee, 16 of iMarch 1768, as follows. 
 
 " The forms ellabliihtd by Lord Clive at the folemnity of the poonah fliould in future be 
 *' obfcrved ; and when the governor is not prefent, the refident at the durbar muft reprefenc the 
 " king's duan." 
 
 And your Committee finding from the records of the Company, relative to the laft period of 
 their inquiry, that orders had been ifllied from the Court of Directors to enquire particulaly into 
 the cite umflances of the death of Nudjum ul Dowl.ih a report prevailing that he had been p:>ifop- 
 ed, they defiied Mr. Sykes to rclare what he knew upon that fubje(5t; and he informed your Com- 
 mittee,
 
 ( 39 ) 
 
 mittee, that to the bed of his renieini)rance, when Lord Clive, General C.irnac, p.nd feveral orl>cr 
 gentlemen, wcr.- on their w.iy to Ruita in 1765, his lorJfhlp procccd.-d from iVliixadabad to a gar- 
 den called Seradbaug: — That tlit nabob bcin^ dcfirous ot waning on his K>rdftiip at the ''.rOcii, 
 the witnefs accompanied him thither, where he ftaid till 10 or 1 1 , .'clock at night; that .MThomcd 
 Reza Cawn was alfo prcfcnt, and that his excellency complained then very nmch of bcin'' MiJiipo- 
 icd, and the witnels advifcd hini to return to the city, ai-.d not cxpofe \m perlbn to the°cold, he 
 having 35 it appeared to him then an ag'je lit on him ; and that he went to his own home accord- 
 ingly i—Tnat the witneis hearing the next day, upon inquiry, that he was worfe, went to fee him, 
 and found that he was ccnhncd to hii bed in a high lever— ^that he continued growint» woife three 
 or touroavs, in which time the witnefs made him two or three vifits — that his excellency the third 
 or fourth day ot his illn-.fs fent word he fhould be glad to fee him — that he went accordindv, and 
 on his arrival found him delirious and convulfec — that he remained very near him till he died, 
 wiuch was about- two hours after his arrival — that he heard fome rumours from the prcfidency at 
 Calcutta, that he had not fair play, ,or that he was brought to an untimely end, or fomc-thin " to 
 that purpofc ; in confequence <if which he applied to the mother to know if (he entertained ai.y 
 idea of that nature; that fhe allured him Ihe did not, and that if there had been any fafpiclon ia 
 the nabob's mind, he would certainly have mentioned it to the witnefs ; that he never heard a'ly 
 perl'on at the city throw oat any idea of fufpicion upon that fubjecf ; that, as he believed, IVIr. 
 Verelft mentioned in a private letter, that there was fuih a rumour in Calcutta and that it was 
 JevcDed at Lord Clive and liie gentlemen in admiiiiftratlon by their enemies. — And bein ' afked, 
 Whcthe- the nabob eat or diaiik any thing at the garden, to \vhi.:h he imputed the fudden mcreafe 
 ol his di. order? he faid. He hehcvcd he drank fome ice water, which as he was ill before, was 
 cert-iiiily nut proper for his lituation ; and that he d jes not recolleit there was any entertainment, 
 but what the nabob brougnt wiih him for his own family : — That the nabob was not "uilty of 
 any particular intemperance at that time; but that he believed an irregular way of living, a 'toI's 
 habit of body, and fondnefs of women iTallened his death. — And beina; afked. Whether he confi- 
 der. u the 24ih paragraph of the letter fiom the felecl committee of the 8th of September 1766, to 
 the Court ot Directors, a copy of which is hereunto annexed, as a proper account of the death of 
 Nidjum ul Dowlah .' he laid He fliould have fiibfctibed it, except with refpcifl to his eatin"-, not 
 Ic/ J a judge how far he was intemperate in that — that the nabob had the venereal difeafe to a 
 vciy le ere degree, and that when he v.hted him in his illnefs, he imputed his approaching death 
 l. ..li I > the fever and the venereal difeafe — that he had been ill thiee or four days when he vifited 
 ! . Clive at Seradbaug, and had a fever on him at that time — and that he took the ice water 
 : >.:. It ; And being allced, If any individual benefited by his death .'' he laid. He believed not ; but 
 ^:..iil India Company did, in that they took the o])portunity of rcducinrr the allowance that 
 ^ made for the military ellablifhment of the former nabob, by reducing it IVoni 55 lacks a year 
 4 J rupees 41,81,131. 
 
 \ our Committee then examined General Carnac, a member of the Houfc, who beinj afkcd. If 
 he knew any of the circumitances of the death of Nudjum ul Dowlah ? laid, 'I'hat'as he was 
 gi'ing up the country in May 1766, he went through Muxadabad, where the nabob was very HI 
 — that he waited on his excellency, and found him in fo violent a putrid fever, that he ufed every 
 argument to prevent his going to take leave of Lord Ciive, who was then a few miles beyond the 
 ciry at Seraabaug — that to the great furprife of the witnefs he came thither, and in a very few 
 days after he heard of his death, at v/hich, knowing the dangerous iituation in which he left him, 
 and being of a grofs habit of body, he was no way furpnled — that he did not remember any parti- 
 cular intCMip-rance he was guilty of at that time, but that he was a very intemperate ynun"- man. 
 And being afked, If he knew any inttance ol a nabob, or any other perfon of the country, bein<' 
 put 10 death by the Englifli, except in battle.^ he faid, He did not; and that there is no inftince 
 of wars being carried on in any part ot the world, with more humanity than thole in Indoitan 
 a^ainlt the natives. And being allced. What is a lever affecting the nofe ? he faid, A particular 
 kind of putrid fever commonly in that country called the Ava fever, and whieh is faid to be at- 
 t-nJed with an itching at the nole ; ar.d that the nabob had intimated to the witnefs fuch com- 
 plaint. 
 
 And vour Committee find, by the letter frcm Mr. Sykes, to the council at Fort William, dated 
 8th of May 1766, that the nabob died that day — and by a letter from Lord Clive, and CJcneral 
 Carnac, to the council of the gth of May 1766 — that he died of that Ibit of fever that a/tldleth 
 the noie, and is generally luppofed incurable. 
 
 Your Committee proceeded next to inquire into the rife and progrefs of the Lh fociety, and of 
 other matters relative to that trade, and they have doled their evidence theieupon ; but findiii" it 
 inip jffible to arrange and tranferibc fo cxtenfive a proceeding before the rccefs, they have ictrvcd it 
 for a future report, which they wiU lay before the Houfe with all poflible difpatch. 
 
 But your Committee think it expedient, before they difmifj the above proceeding-, to ta'<c no- 
 tice, ihat the following papers, which they thou^j^lit neceffiry for th.eir inlpc<ifioii in diiferent pirtsof 
 their inquirv, were not to be found ; and in enumerating the faid paper.«, your Commi;:i c have given 
 their reafons why it appears to ihem they ought to have been upon the Company's records. 
 
 N. B.
 
 1- s c 
 
 ii afj o 
 
 *- 9 .^" 
 
 — u P 
 
 "^ "*- o 
 
 s: y " 
 
 Ho 
 
 ^ "^ 
 t- o o 
 
 » Si fe 
 
 — -d 
 
 S ■-> 
 
 - -£ 
 ^ o 
 
 a 3 
 
 ^ *^ .5 
 
 '^- > 
 
 u. a •- 
 
 •5 E.2i 
 
 ( 40 ) 
 
 C Letter from Mahomed Reza Cawn, 23(f June 1765, in the Perfian corref- 
 pondence, N" 1 19, wrote in anfwer to one from Lord Clive, hecaufe he reca- 
 pitulates the fubftance, and fays. He was honoured with his lordfhip's letter ; 
 and further fays, That his loriifhip dcftres he would immediately acquaint him, 
 whether the diltribution of the money was made by the nabob of his own free 
 
 J will, or by me, or by the directions of any other perfons — Lord Ciive's letter, 
 to which it evidently referf , is not entered on the correfpondence. 
 
 Letter from the Nabob Nudjum ul Dowlah, 24th June 1765, N° 120, is 
 evidently wrote in anfwer to one from Lord Clive, acquainting the nabob of 
 its being fixed m council, that Mr. John Johnftone {hould continue no longer 
 _in the fcrvice ; — The letter to which it refers is not entered. 
 
 Letter from Mahomed Reza Cawn, N' loi, acknowledges a letter from Lord Clive to him, 
 and recapitulates the purport thereof, viz. That he (hould have accompanied the nabob to Cal- 
 cutta. — The letter of his lordfhip is not entered. 
 
 Letter from Mahomed Reza Cawn, iB May 1765, N» 102, referring to a letter received from 
 Lord Clive ; in which letter Mahomed Reza Cawn fays. He hopes to be with his lordfhip in three 
 or four days ; and concludes, faying, " And then with regard to what you mention in your letter, 
 *' I will give you a full account of all particulars." — His lordfhip's letter not entered. 
 
 Letter from the Burdwan raja, 23 May 1765, N° 105. acknowledging he had the honour to 
 receive his lordfhip's letter in anfwer to his addrefs. — His lordfhip's letter not entered. 
 
 I,etter from the nabob Nudjum ul Dow'ah, 9 June 1765, N" 109, acknowledging the receipt 
 of a letter from Lord Clive — but his lordfhip's letter does not appear. 
 
 Letter from Lord Clive to Mahomed Reza Cawn, 22 July 1765, N°35, of letters fent; where- 
 in his lordfhip acknowledges the receipt of Mahomed Reza Cawn's letter, in anfwer to one he had 
 wrote him; and adds that he did well in preventing his excellency from wiiting an impi'oper an- 
 swer on the fubje(5l of the money. — Neither Lord Ciive's letter, nor Mahomed Reza Cawn's an- 
 fwer, acknowledged by his lordfhip — appears to be entered. 
 
 And Mr. Johnfon, a clerk of the India Houfe, who has attended your Committee during the 
 couife of their proceeding, being examined, faid, Mr. Morton and he had fearched very diligently, 
 in confequence of their being afked for, fome time ago by a member of the Committee, but cannot 
 find them ; and apprehend they were never entered : — The books in which they ought to have 
 been entered were received in Auguft 1766. 
 
 And your Committee likewife think proper, at the clofe of this report to inform the Houfe, 
 That through the whole of their proceedings, they have taken the part to receive information from 
 every perfon difpofed to give it j and in putting of queftions, not to infift upon an anfwer, which 
 any perfons declined to make. 
 
 APPENDIX.
 
 rmr b'a 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 O 
 
 Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 No. I . 
 
 Patna, the 31ft July, 1761. 
 
 N Tuei'day laft liis excellency the Nabob went in grand proceflion from his encamp- 
 ment to the Kclh, in the city, and there received the ufual falammce. 
 
 In order to remove as much as lay in my power, the fentimcnts which the people were 
 poflTefled of, that the EnCTlifli were not his friends, I had the honour to accompany him on the 
 fame elephant; and on his arrival in the Kella, prefented him with the keys of the city gate. 
 
 The next day Raja Ramnarrain, attended by a fingle peon, found his way into that part of 
 the Kella where his excellency was fitting, notwithflanding he had been before denied the pre- 
 fcnce. Upon this abrupt entrance. Raja RajabuUub was immediately difpatched by his excel- 
 lency to defire I would get him away from thence; for as he would not retire by order of the 
 Nabob, his excellency apprehended if he forced him out, it might be deemed by foine that he 
 had broke his engagement, which he is determined to obferve inviolably. Upon this I fcnt for 
 him to meet Rajaballub at the faftory ; who told him he was ready to fit on the part of the 
 Nabob to examine the books of the Sircar; and delivered the Raja a lift of thole books he 
 wanted to ini'peft, requiring at the fame time the attendance of three perfons who wercin Ram- 
 narrain's fervicc. 
 
 After much altercation on both parts, and finding no probability of a compliance on the 
 part of the R.ija, 1 read to him your honour, &c's. inftruftions to me, under date the 6th inftant, 
 relative to him, and told him by not fending the books of the Sircar wanted, together with the 
 people, he would lay your honour, &c. under the difagrecable neccfiity of witlidrawlng your 
 requefl to the Nabob to preferve his honour ; hereupon he promifed to lend ihc books thaccvcn' 
 ing, but according to cuftom, this he evaded. 
 
 Yeftcrday, agreeable to appointment. Raja RajabuUub, accompanied by Rajahs Nobutroy 
 and Scitennan, with the fervants belonging to their difFcrent departments, arrived, and the 
 Raja met them here without books or fervants ; being again rcp;:atcdly afkcd for the books, 
 he lomctimes faid he had none, at other times they were coming, and that many of them 
 were among the books he fcnt into the faftory about fix or feven days ago. On having thofc 
 papers brought up and infpefled, they laid they were nothing to the purpofc ; being then 
 alkcd for the three fervants, whom the Nabob faid could give us an infight into the ftate of 
 the Sircar, he replied he would not let them .nppcar without my giving him afl'uiance their 
 honour Ihould be fafe; for he fufpefted a delign to puniili them, even to the lofs of life, if 
 they did not make fuch confeffions as were agreeable to the Nabob. Upon this I told him 
 this was no Cutchcrry, that I interfered now in adjufling the accounts in conlcqucnce of his 
 Kxccllcncy's particular rcqucft ; but finc« he entertained fuch an opinion of me, I would 
 have nothing more to do in his affairs, and to make this declaration I was t!ie rather induced, 
 as it appears very plainly to me, he will never deliver in the accounts demanded of him, 
 till he is turned oyer to the Nabob's Cutcherry; for whilil he finds your honour, he. arc 
 mediators with the Nabob, not to diflTonour him, he knows he cannot be obliged to coni- 
 ]4y, and under thisflielter the Nabob muft go without the accounts. 
 
 I remain with great refpcfl, Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 Your moft obedient humble fcrvant, 
 
 W. M'CiwiRE. 
 
 No. 2.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 2, 3, 4. 
 
 No. 2. • ■ 
 
 To the Honourable Henry Vanfntart, Efq; preftdeni and governor, b"^-. Council of Fort IVtlllam. 
 Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 THIS waits on you to advifc, that his Excellency yefterday appointed Raja Rajabullub 
 to the poft which Raja Rainnanain held under him in this proviacc. 
 
 I am with great refpeft,' Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 Your moft obedient humble fervant, 
 Patna, ad Auguft, 1761. W. M'Gwire. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 Letter from Governor and Council of Fort William, to jyilUam Hay, Efquire, Provincial Chief 
 
 at Patna. 
 SIR, 
 'IXT' E have received your letter of the 21ft inftant. If Ramnarrain fliould fettle his ac- 
 " ' counts with the Nabob, he will of courfe be of liberty vvlverevcr his intereft or in- 
 clination may lead him ; if on the contrary he has not yet fettled his accounts, we think we 
 have interfered long enouprh, and do not mean to encourage him in his obilinate and perverfe 
 depcndance on our proteflion ; in fuch cafe, therefore, we dircft that he be delivered over 
 to the Nabob's Cutcherry, there to be made to give an account of his adminiftration, ac- 
 cording to the laws and cuftoms of the country; the patience which the Nabob has already 
 had, together with what the prefident writes to him further, gives us reafon to be fatisfied, 
 that he will not do any violence to Ramnarrain's perfon. 
 
 As the Nabob reprefented to the prefident, that Shitabroy's coming down to Calcutta 
 will be detrimental to his affairs, we think it may be difpenfed with, and the neceffary en- 
 quiries be made of him before Mr. Ellis and the reft of the council at Patna. 
 
 We are, Sir, 
 31ft Auguft, 1761, Your loving friends. 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 Letter from Mr. McGwire to Sele£l Committee. 
 
 Honourable Sir, and Sirs, 
 
 ■p VER fince the receipt of your inftruflions to the Colonel and me, I have ufed my en- 
 deavours to luring about the adjuftmcnts of the accounts of this Subahlhip, conformable 
 to the plan your honour, 6tc. tranfmitted to us, and am concerned to fay, hitherto without 
 being able to fuccccd. The Rajah promifes to deliver them. in daily, but gives me to un- 
 derftand, the accounts for two years were loft in his battle with the Prince, and that he 
 is neceriitated to have recourfc to the recoUeftion of himfclf and writers for the forming the 
 greateft part of them; in ihort, he feems to me to build his hopes of fuccefs in delay, 
 whereby he cxpc£ls to weary out his Excellency's patience. 
 
 Thus when the accounts are delivered in, you may eafily conceive how liable tiiey will be 
 to objeftions, fince they arc to be formed by a man whom every one allows to be backward 
 and evafive. 
 
 The only incthod which appears to me, if your Honour, &c. fhould continue determined 
 to fupport him, to come to a true knowledge of his accounts, is to fufpend him from his of- 
 fice, at Icaft during this fcrutiny ; by which means thofe who have it in their power to give 
 proper infights into his tranfaftions will not be intimidated from giving their afliftancc whilft 
 his authority is dormant. 
 
 But, Cientlemen, I requcft your permiffion to come more immediately to the point. Wc 
 have thought it neceffary to confer the Subahfliip of the three Sircars on Myr ColTim, under 
 certain articles, and therein have agreed not to proteft his fervants, which agreement is mu- 
 tual. He is come up here to put this Province upon a better footing than it was before, and 
 is at no Icfs an cxpcnce than eight lacks per month, which on account of arrears due to his 
 troops, it is not in his power to reduce at prefent; he has not coUeftcd any of the revenues 
 
 fince
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5, 6, 7. 
 
 Cnce his arrival, nor will he be able vvhilfl; the country people obferve his power fo limited, 
 that he cannot turn out and put into power thole whom he may think proper; th^is he remains 
 inaftivc, his debts incicafing, and in all probability will be thereby reduccJ, by. cruel ncceflity 
 to as bad a ftate as Mier jaffcr was before the revolution. 
 
 I know well the principal argument for fupporting Ramnarrain has been his attachment to 
 the Englilh ; but this docs no where appear from his aftions, nay, I am certain the contrary 
 will be evident, when the whole of his conduft is nicely examined into; that he is evafivc 
 and unfit for the government, I believe my predccellor will allow; where then is our merit 
 in figning a treaty with Myr CofTim, whereby luch manifeft advantages arife to the Compa- 
 ny, if we break it on our parts, by attempting to fupport a man in every refpcft obnoxious 
 to him, fo obnoxious, that he has been ncceflitated to make at lead a fliewof fricndfhip with 
 Raja Rajabullub, a man who from having been liis competitor for the Dcwannccfhip, and mil- 
 carrying therein, can never be in his real intereft, any more than that of the Englilh ? 
 
 As we have made him Nabob, we ought I'urcly to I'upport him, fo long as he behaves worthy 
 of it, and not drive him to fomc aft of ralhnefs, which few btildes himfelf would in mv opinion 
 have fo long refrained from ; for what mull his lituation be with fuch a rabble of an anny, who 
 ilnd him to have no weight or authority ? 
 
 I am, with refpeft, Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 Your moll obedient humble Servant, 
 
 Patna, 21 June, 1761. W. M'Gwire. 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 Extra^s from Governor Vanfittart' i letter to Mr. M'Givire, dated iZth June 176 1. 
 
 TF the Committee's orders of the 17th of lad month had been complied with, every thin"- 
 •* had been fettled before now ; they plainly implied a fulpenfiun of Ramnarrain's authority 
 while the old accounts were under examination; and that the colleftion of revenues, and in 
 Ihort, the entire adminillration fliould be left to the Nabob. It is not eafy to make peoiilc 
 underlland what they are unwilling to execute; however, I think the prefcnt orders cannot 
 he miftakcn, either on the fubjeft of the Patna province and Ramnarrain in particular, or the 
 Nabob's adminillration in generAl. — They are addrefled to Colonel Coote only, with an 
 order to conlultwith you, for the reafons therein mentioned. I fend you inclofed a copy of 
 this letter, the contents of which you may communicate to the Nabob; and deliver him that 
 which I fend you under this cover to his addrefs. 
 
 The news by the Hawke you have no doubt had from your other friends. Tiie Company's 
 letter is only upon general I'ubjefts, mighty fmooth and fair; but many private letters tome 
 and- others fay, tliat they are extremely offended at the letter from home, per Royal George, 
 and that all who figned it are to pais under their feverell ccnfurc ; I hope for many reafons it 
 will not be fo. 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 Extra^s of the Governor and Company's Utter to Mr. Af'Gwir-e, dated the 26th of fune, 1 761, 
 
 ■\ 'IT' I T H refpcft to Ramnarrian, it will be necelTary to be more particular: — Colonr! 
 ' Coote is already dircfted to aflill the Nabob, fo far as to fufpend him, Ramnarrain, 
 from his government until the accounts are fettled, and to put the Nabob's people into 
 poflcnion of all the revenues. This you will co:'.form to, and let him be brought to an 
 adjuftment of hi'i accounts by fuch meafures as the Nabob fliall tliink ])ro)K-r. The prelident 
 has wrote to him fo ftrongly in favour of Ranmarrain, fo far as regards his life and honour, 
 •that we are perfuaded the Nabob will not be defirous of carrying his refentment for his ill ' 
 behaviour to any fuch length. 
 
 No. 7. 
 
 Extrads of a Utter from Air. Hay the provincial chief of Patna, ta Governor Vanfittart, date 4 
 
 iStk Augujl, 1761. 
 
 I Have had the honour of receiving your letter of the lOth Inftant, addreflcrd to ^\'iliiam 
 IVl'Gwirc, Efquire; or the chief for the time being. 
 
 The Nabob, before the receipt of your letter, was rcfolved not to demand any account at 
 all from Ramnarrain, or even receive feven lacks of rupees which lie had oft'enci him for to 
 clear his account; I told him that I was fuqirized that he would not receive the fum offered, as 
 
 he
 
 APPENDIX, No. 8, 9 
 
 he intended not to trouble Ramnarrain any further for his account. He anfwered me that as 
 he had not fettled the account* of the province with Ramnarrain, it might be looked upon as 
 un extortion if he received it, and defired me to write his rcfolution to the board, which I 
 accordingly did, under date the 2 1 ft inftant. He is now determined to have the account ; but 
 lavs he will proceed in fuch a manner as not to hurt the Rajah's honour. This I am in hopes 
 he will be enabled to do, as Ramnarrain tells me he will do every thing in his power to fatisfy 
 the Nabobjwhich I have been continually perfuading him to do as the only means to fave his 
 reputation. The Seapoy guard that was placed at the Rajah's houfc by Mr. M'Gwirc, at 
 the requeft of the Nabob, has been taken off, and a number of Hircarrahs, and Chubdars 
 are now placed round the houfe, with a fmall guard under one of the Nabob's principal 
 Zemindars, which Ramnarrain dcfircd, after he found the Seapoys would be continued with 
 him no longer. In this fituation the Nabob tells me he (hall let things contmue for three or 
 four days, by which time he fuppofes Ramnarrain will have fufficiently reflefted, that he can 
 receive no protcflion if he continues not to render him a proper account, and then fend to 
 him for his accounts, which if he does not deliver or agree to fettle, he will lend people to 
 fcarch for them in the houfe. This is the prefent fituation of this affair, and as I think 
 Ramnarrain will no longer refufe the Nabob what fatisfaftion it is in his power to give, in re- 
 gard to the accounts, and obferve the Nabob's moderation, I am in great hopes their accounts 
 will be foon fettled to your fatisfaftion. 
 
 No. 8. 
 
 Extraiis of a Utter from Air. Hay, prtvincial chief of Pjtna, to Governor Vanfittart, dated ^th 
 
 September, 1761. 
 
 \ Have had the honour of receiving your letters of the 26th and 2gth ult. 
 
 The Nabob fome days ago gave Ramnarrain a beetle, on his giving a paper to him in which 
 he fays it is impoffible for him to give the accounts of the province ; but confcnts and pro- 
 mifcs fifty lacks, twenty-five of which are to be paid immediately in money, and in bonds 
 '<,,• to Zemindars in the Nabob's fervice (who will accept them) the other twenty-five lacks the 
 
 Nabob informs me are to be rather as a fecurity for Ramnarraln's future good conduft, than 
 as a bond he expefts to have paid. As yet there has been nothing paid, Ramnarrain has always 
 pleaded poverty tome; but I think he would hardly have figned fuch a paper as this, witfi- 
 out intending to perform what he has agreed to do in it. The Nabob in this affair, though 
 he was obliged to proceed in fuch a manner as a good deal to frighten Ramnarrain, has I think 
 paid the greateft regard to your recommendation in regard to hi; life and honour. 
 
 No. 9- 
 Extras of the Governor'' s Utter to Mr. AI'Givire, dated 2,^th December, 1761. 
 
 I Have received your favour of the i8th, with Mr. Wahr.ough's letter inclofed. I was in 
 Hopes of hearing that he had arrived at Patna, as he was difpatchcd from hence the 22d 
 September. On the 14th OiStober, I diipatched to you under charge Mr. Menzie, 16,400 
 ■Mds. cf fait, which, with the 20,000 Mds. by Mr.' Walmough, is the whole of what ar- 
 rived fafc at Calcutta, out of the 40,000 which I promifed to fend on our joint account. I have 
 read a letter, acquainting me that Mr. Menzie was at Itchamanny the 8th December ; ag 
 ibon as I can get tiic Account, Charges of the Salt from Inhgcl'.e, it Ihall be fcnt you. 
 
 No. I O. 
 
 "'Extract of Air. M'-Givire's Utter to the Governor, dated 28th fufy. 
 
 "Tp HE Raja has of late taken it into his head, that if he can gain me to his intereft, his 
 -*■ affairs iwuft fuccecd^ I told liim very ingenuowily, though from his behaviour he had no 
 right to expert it, that I would give him advice, which if he would follow, he would 
 be convinced was the only means left for rendering him fervice; and that was by advancing 
 fuch a fum to his Excellency, joined to proper and public fubmiffions, as would reftore him 
 to his favour ; that he might be affurcd there was no other means left whereby he could 
 fucceed ; for, however he might be fpirited by people (who preferred iheir private intereft 
 to the public Good) to aft in a contrary manner, he would find his error when too 
 late for remedy. I prcfumc this had fome weight with him, for I found him in waiting 
 
 at
 
 APPENDIX, No. II, 12. 
 
 •at the Nabob's tent laft night; but do not know at this time whether the Nabob admitted 
 him to an interview or not. 
 
 The Nabob to!d mc, Tliat upon his arrival fome of liis Zemindars came to him, and 
 Kiid, If the Erfgliih are your friends, why don't you put an end to thcfc ditlurbances 
 by decollation r wlicn the Raja is no more, you will find they will only have then 
 your intereft to confult : — He is now in your tent, and it may be eafily done. I re- 
 prefentcd'to him. a flcpt of this nature would not only forfeit my friendfhip for him, 
 but would immediately make you as much his enemy as ever you was his friend : — 
 That thcfe fleps which tl:c Raja had taken to injure him with the Englilh, would prove 
 in the end of real fervice to him, by Ihcwir.g him to the world a man of moderation ; 
 and that his innocence muil appear more confpicuous, by patiently bearing up againft 
 thoJe indignities at prcfent, than by removing the Raja, which would conlirra to the 
 world, his cnemio-; had lome grounds for.afting in this manner; and that by a little 
 more patience he would find you would extricate him out of his jirefcnt dil'agrceable 
 licuatlon. 
 
 No. II. 
 
 Extraffs df 'Mr. 'M'Gwire's Letter to the Giver nor, dated i\Jl July 1761. 
 
 ADDITIONAIv to what I wrote the board, I am to acquaint you, that the Raja 
 flayed with me fomc time after the departure of Rajabullub, and faid there was 
 no way left for him ever to get into the Nabob's favour, unlefs his excellency could 
 he brought to a compromife. I told him his excellency had acquainted me, he before 
 demanded of him either the books of the Sircar, or a crore of rupees ; he faid he had 
 no money, but if the Nabob would reftore him to his government, he faid he believed 
 lie might be able to raife twenty-five or thirty lacks. I told him his excellency was 
 determined to give the kelaut of Patna to Rajabullub ; but waited only for a lucky 
 day ; but as you had recommended him to the Nabob, I would ufe my endeavours«illo 
 to get him into tiie Nabob's favour, provided he empowered mc to mention rm handlbnic 
 fV.m ; and that after he had obtained a clearance for what was palt, he would give the 
 Na^ob a true flatc of the revenues of the province, to prevent his being impofed on by 
 any future Naib : He entreated me to propofe a fum, and after frequent requefts fur 
 this purpofe, I thought he -could not propofe a left fum than eighty lacks; he then 
 pleaded his poverty, and faid he would endeavour to raife a lack ; I begged him to 
 apply to fome one elfe to fpeak to the Nabob on his behalf, for that I could not mention 
 a icfs fum than I propofcd, without rimiiing manifeft rifque of lofmg the fliare I had in 
 his excellency's confidence; at laft he propofcd giving five lacks, which if once reflorcd 
 to favour he believed he could liave intercfi enough to ntilc ; and thus we parted ; however 
 J cxpeft him again to-morrow. 
 
 No. 12. 
 
 To the Honourable Henry Vanftttart, Efq; Prefident and Governor^ iJc. ^c. Council at Fort 
 
 IVillianu 
 
 Honourable Sir, and Sirs, 
 
 ON receipt of your honour's, &c. &:c. orders of the loth inftant, I applied to Mr, 
 M'Gwirc for the inftruftions he had received from you for his conduft in affairs 
 with the government ; and have received from him your letter to his addrefs, dated the 
 vt6th June 1761, 1 Ihall make it my particular care to follow your orders therein 
 contained. 1 yefterday waited on the Nabob, who after fome convcrfation witli me 
 about the difficulty he had met in fettling his accounts with Ramnarrain, told mc, and 
 dcfired I would write to your honour, &c. <kc. that he was come to a rcfolution not 
 to trouble Ramnarrain any further about them, or ever make any demand on him here- 
 iiftcr ; and further, that he was now at liberty, either to remain here at Patna, or go 
 <mt of the province, or to Calcutta; but that he Ihould be better pleafed if he chofc 
 the latter, and hoped it would be agreeable to your honour, &c. &;c. 1 am with the 
 greatcft r.efpeil. 
 
 Honourable Sir, and Sir?, your mod obedient humble Servant, 
 
 Pdtna, Auguft 2ifi, 1761. W. Hay. 
 
 M NV. 13.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 13, 14. 
 
 No. ,3. 
 
 Fort If'llliam, 26th June 176 1. 
 
 At a conlultation, prefent, The honouraWe Henvy Vanfittart, Efq; Prefident, 
 
 •Peter Amyatt, Elq; — William EUi;, Efq; V/. B. Sumner, Efq; — Culhiig Smith, Elq; 
 
 ■|X7E have thought proper to order Colonel Coote and Major Carnac to return to 
 "* Calcutta with all the army, excepting two hxmdred Europeans rank and file, the 
 European cavalry, filty of tiic artillery, two thoufand of the Seapoys, and two hundred 
 country horfc, the which are to lie left at Patna, under the command of Captain Carftairs, 
 to aft under your dircftions. — As the province cannot be invaded by any foreign 
 enemies during the rains, we think the above-mentioned force fufficient for the prefent 
 purpole, which is only to' aflift the Nabob in fettling accounts with Ramnarrain, and 
 the feveral Zemindars of the Patna province. 
 
 This you arc to do in general to the utmoft of your power, in fuch manner as he 
 may apply to you. — With relpeft to Ramnarrain, it may be ncceflary to be fomewhat 
 more particular : Colonel Coote is already direfted to zSA the Nabob, lb far as to ful'pend 
 him (Ramnarrain) from his government until the accounts are fettled, and to put the 
 Nabob's people in pofleffion of all the revenues; this you will conform to, and let him 
 be brought to an adjuftment of his accounts by fuch nieafures as the Nabob fhall 
 think proper. — The prefident has wrote to him fo ftrongly in favour of Ramnarrain, fo 
 far as regards his life and honour, that we are perfuaded the Nabob will not be delirous 
 of carrying his refcntment for his ill behaviour to any luch length. 
 
 If any part of the Nabob's demands upon Ramnarrain Ihould appear to you unreafonable, 
 you will acquaint us with the particulars, and wait our anfwer ; defiring the Nabob to 
 let fuch article remain undecided until our anfwer comes from Calcutta. 
 
 la all military affairs, we recommend to you to confult with Captain Carftairs, or the 
 officer commanding the troops, and give due Weight to his opinion. 
 
 We delire the charges of the troops may be brought into the fmalleft bounds poflible, 
 by reduftion of Batta, Coolies, Boats, Bullocks, &c, on all occafions that will admit of 
 it ; and you will obferve to difchargc all the country horfe, except two hundred of the 
 beft, to be kept under the command of the Jemautdars, Ali Raza Cawn an,d Mirza 
 Shawbaug Beg. 
 
 No. 14. 
 
 Major Carnac' s Letter to Seleii Committee, 1^ Jj>ril, 1761. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 THE Shahzadah does not think tbc afTuranccs of your fiippoTt and afliftance fo ftrong as 
 to jullify his waiting fo many months for the fulfilling thereof; nor has he (he 
 obferves) a fufficiency for the fubfiflence of his people and himfclf in the interim ; ho 
 therefore judges it moft advifeable to take the advantage of Abdallah's abfencc, and try 
 his fortune alone : I kept him off from this defign feveral days ; but the Nabob has at 
 laft io effeftually counterafted me, by bribing fome of the prince's favourites to urge to 
 him the neceffity of his immediate departure, that this counfel has prevailed ; he quitted 
 the city in the morning, and is now arrived at his tents ; I imagine he will be for 
 marching as fpecdiiy as poffible. And as I have promifed to accompany him as far at 
 Icaft as the Caramnaffa, I have ordered half of Major Yorke's detachment to join us, 
 leaving the reft under the command of Captain Robinfon to attend the Nabob, agreeable 
 to his requeft. 
 
 I have long had rcafon to fufpeft the Nabob had ill dcfigns agalnft Ramnarrain, and 
 liave now found my I'ufpicions to be too true. His excellency made a heavy complaint 
 to me yefterday, in the prefence of Mr. M'Ciwirc, Major Yorke, Mefirs. Luihington 
 and Swintcn, that there was a confiderablc balance due on the revenues of the laid province ; 
 Ramnarrain has declared to me, that he was very ready to lay the accounts before him ; 
 however, as the two parties differ widely in their ftatement, Mr. M'Gwirc and I propofed 
 that they fliould each make out their accounts, and refer them to your board, who 
 would fairly decide between them : This, which I thought was a reafonal)le piopofal, was 
 fo far from being fatisfa£tory to the Nabob, that he plainly declared nothing lefs could 
 fatisfy him than the Mahraja's being removed from the Naibat of this province before 
 he returned to Moorfliedabad. You are all I believe acquainted. Gentlemen, that Colonel 
 Clivc engaged to Ramnarrain, on the part of the Englilh, that he fhould be continued 
 
 Subah
 
 APPENDIX, No. 15, i6. 
 
 Subah Naih of tliis province as long as he chofe to be fo ; and that the Colonel conftantly 
 oppofed every attempt of Mecr Jaffier, or the Chuta Nabol) to remove hi:;i. This 
 engagement Ihould furely hold equally good againft ColTim Ally Cawn, as being prior 
 to any you have concluded with him. Thus far juftice pleads in behalf of Ramnarrain, 
 and it is certainly good policy to Support the weight and influence of a perfon known 
 to be fo attached to the Englilh, intcrefl, in order to counterbalance the Nabob, who, as 
 far as I can judge, makes a point to take all power from out of the hands of thole 
 whom he finds to favour or be favoured by the Englifh. Of this I have fecn more 
 inftanccs than one ; and he is now giving a frcih proof of it in the cafe of Roy 
 Shitabroy, whom he is about to difpoifel's of his Jacquiers, though he dcferves particular 
 conlideration, both from the Nabob and us, on account of the zeal and afliduity with 
 which he fcrvcd both, in the tranfaftions with the Shahzadah. 
 
 I am direfted, gentlemen, by your letter under date the 9th of February, to proteft 
 Ramnarrain againft all violence and injuftice that may be offered againft his perfon, 
 lionour, or fortune. If you do not mean to include in thefe the continuance of the 
 Subahdarree to him, it will be impoflible for me to comply with your dlreftions ; and 
 the moment that all power is taken from himfelf, he will be reduced to the neceflity 
 of feeking an afylum clfewhere, from the opreflions of the Nabob. 
 
 Signed 
 
 John Carnac. 
 
 I 
 
 No. 15. 
 
 Major Carnac's Letter to Governor and Council of Fort IFilllam. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Received a letter laft night of a very extraordinary nature indeed, from Rajabullub, 
 inclofed under cover to Mr. Lulliington : The purport of his letter to me, was to 
 beg I would aihft him with my intereft to procure him the Naibat of this province 
 in the room of Ramnarrain ; and his letter to Mr. Ludiington was to engage him to 
 intercede with me to that purpofe — with the letters were two promiirory notes under his 
 feal, one for fifty thoufand rupees to myfelf, the other for twenty-two thoul'and rupees 
 to Mr. Lulhington. We have both wrote to him in the terms his infolcnce delcrves, 
 and it gives nie the utmoft concern to find, that any man of the country lliould dare 
 entertain the thought, that an Englifhman was to be influenced by a bribe. — You have 
 not been plealed. Gentlemen, to allow me to have any thing to fay or do with regard 
 to Ramnarrain ; l)ut if it depended on me, I declare no confideration whatever fliould 
 induce me to give my confent to removing a man, whom we are bound to maintain by 
 engagements prior to, and confequently more obligatory than, any we have fince entered 
 into with Coflim Ally Cawn. I have had hints before, with regard to this unfortunate 
 Gcntoo, to which if I would have liftened, I might probably have turned my campaign 
 ■to pretty good account ; but indifferent as my circumftances are, 1 thank God 1 I'corn 
 enlarging them by any means that would not ftand the moft public infpcftion. 
 
 I liave thought it my duty. Gentlemen, to acquaint you with this afl'air; and now 
 fubmit it to your coniulcration, whether any good can be expefted from a government, 
 the head whereof has been deteftcd in a inoft infamous forgery, and whole prefenr 
 principal favourite is capable of offering fo barefaced a bribe. 
 
 Signed 
 Safaram, 16 June, 1761. John Carnac. 
 
 No. 16. 
 
 Prefidenfs Minute. 
 
 loth of July, 1 76 1. 
 
 '"pHE prcfident obfcrvcs, that as Major Carnac has nothing to do but to obey the 
 orders of the hoartl, and has no right to queftion or difpute upon them, his letter 
 of the 7th inftant will require no Anfwcr. 
 
 It (eems however by the tenor of many of the Major's letters, and this in particular, 
 that he thinks himfelf the higher power, and the board accountable to him ; upon this 
 principle, after quoting the former orders of the leleft Committee in favour of Ramnarrain, 
 dated the 9th February and 21ft April, he proceeds to demand, Pray how are thc:c 
 rcconcileable to the inftruftions addrcflcd the i6th June to Mr. M'Gwire ? 
 
 Although
 
 A P P E :N D I X, No. i6. 
 
 Tihliough the board might -do themfelvcs juftice upon an oflicer whiO tluis forgets llie 
 reipect due to them, yet we cluife rather to refer it to the determination of our 
 honourable mafters, to whom it fliall at the fsme time be made appear, that tlioCe 
 ■ orders in Ramnarrain's favour, are now the fttongeft judgments that can be produced 
 againft him, as they are ihconteftable proofs of our defire to proteft him, although the 
 engagements wiiich have been fo much talked of are no where to be met with : — It 
 fhall be proved alio, that thole wlio profef? the greatefl: friendlliip for Rnumarrain, and 
 who have peim.itted if not encouraged him in retufing or evading for tive months 
 together to render any account of his adminrilration, are m effl-ft his greatefl: enemies, 
 by putting it out of our power to protect him longer in fo fhamsfol an injuflice, in 
 which he lias already been upheld until he had well near carried his point, that ot 
 bringing the Nabob to ruin by a difgraceful rdidence at Patna at an immoderate 
 
 rxpence, without any income from the province : This it is imagined will hardly 
 
 lie faid to be the intent of the fiippol'cd engagements; and therefore if any have made 
 Ramnarraln believe the meaning of them would be fo far ftretched, it is thoy that arc 
 the caufe of his tears, and it is they that muft anUvcr for his unhappy death, if lie 
 
 Jliould dcftroy himfcif, as Major Carnac fecms to apprehend : It is however more 
 
 probable that he will not prove quite lb defperace ; and that when he is convinced he 
 IS not independent of the Souba of Moorlliedabad, he will do uhat he ought to have 
 done five months ago, that is, render to the Nabob an account of his adminlftration ; 
 and in fuch cafe he will be treated better than he pretend* to expect, better a great deal 
 than he deferves. 
 
 He has yet hopes tliat Major Carnac may keep the command of the army : A delay 
 of twenty days, and Colonel Coote's coming down to Calcutta, might produce frefli 
 orders : A man of Ramnarrain's difpoiition will conilrue fuch a poflibility into a certainty., 
 and while he can hope for fuch a proteftor at the licad of our army, he wiii continue 
 TO think he has a right to an unlimited protection, and continue to evade rendering the 
 Nabob any accounts. 
 
 Major Carnac declares himfelf very freely on this occafion, and gives at the feme 
 time a frefh inflancc of the refpcft he has for our authoritj' — This pafiagc of his letter 
 of the 7th inftant is worthy the obfervation of the board, as well as of our honourable 
 mafters, who feldom write to their prefidents and councils with fo great an air of 
 fuperiority. 
 
 " I efieem myfelf extremely happ)' in being removed from the command of the arnrs', 
 "as I could not have fuffered it, while I was at the head thereof, to be employed 
 " on the purpofes for which I tind it is intended, without a direft breach of the de- 
 " claration I have formerly made to you in regard to Ramnarraiii." 
 
 If more inftances of a like nature are wanting, they may be feen in many of thr 
 mapr's letters, particularly in one to the fcle£t Committee, dated the i6th June ij6i : 
 — His own opinion and declaration Ihall be the rule of his actions, and fhall fuperfede 
 the orders of the board : — If our declarations had merited a part of his attention, 
 Ramnarrain would not have been deceived fo long : — The repeated orders of the feleft 
 Committee for obliging him to fettle accounts with the Nabob, fliew, that it was never 
 our intention to fcreen him from that juft demand : The firft of thofe orders was in 
 a letter to the major fo long ago as the . It is true we did not fix a day for 
 
 Ramnanain's rendering his accounts, which is a proof of the regard the board have llicwn 
 him, and of the moderation with which they have afted throughout the v;hole affair. 
 
 Week after week we expected to hear that the accounts had been laid before the 
 Nabob ; inflead of that, excufe came upon excule. At length on the 17th of May we 
 fent the colonel particular direftions in what manner to have the account fettled ; That 
 Ramnarrain Ihould be regarded as the deputy of the government of Moorlhedabad, that he 
 Ihould give the Nabob a faithful account of the outftanding balances, and the Nabob fend 
 his own people to colleft them : — Who could have imagined, that after this, frcHi eva- 
 fions would be admitted for two months more, notwithftanding the Nabob's intreaties and 
 reprcfentations of the ruin in which he muft foon be involved by his ufelefs expences ? 
 
 The preiident wrote more than once to Ramnarrain, in confequence of the relolutions of the 
 fcledt Committee, that our proteftion would depend on his rendering a juft account to the 
 Nabob; but he is lately advifed by Mr. M'Gwirc, that Ramnarrain, inftead ofcollcfting 
 the revenues in a regular manner, has taken or rather accepted from the Zemindars large funis 
 by way of prefents, which not being brought to account make their balances appear much 
 larger than they reallv are, and his own as much lefs : — An unwillingnefs to confefs this 
 fraudulent attempt feenn to be the true caufe of his feeking fomany Ihitts and evalions. 
 
 Much more ihall be laid on this fubjcA hereafter, in order to prove to our honourable 
 mafters, that the rcfolutions lately taken by the board (or as Major Carnac politely expreftes 
 it, the bufinefs that is likely to be carried on) were abfolutely neceflary for preferving the 
 prefcnt tranquility, for maintaining the conftitution of the government of thefe provinces, 
 and fulfilling on our part the treaty I'ubfifting between the Company and the Nabob, as 
 he has i"u faithfully done on his. 
 
 RAMNARRAIN'S
 
 A P P E N D I X, No, 16,17. 
 
 RAMXARRAIK's computed ACCOUXT of Three Years Government of the PATNA 
 PROVINCE, touformablc to his Agreement. 
 
 Dr. 
 
 Rupees. 
 
 To the Bengal Subali each Year Three 
 
 Lacks -------- 9,00000 
 
 To Ditto for Moratta Chout or Dillic 
 
 10 Lacks ------- 30,00000 
 
 To tlic Jaglieerdars 12 Lacks - - 36,00000 
 
 To the Maintenance of the Troops 
 
 - - 34,50000 
 
 agreed oa 1 1 1 Lacks - 
 
 109,50000 
 
 To Profit and Lofs, which Ramnarrain 
 
 would have gained - - - - 10,50000 
 
 1 20,00000 
 
 Cr. 
 
 Rupees. 
 
 By fuppofcd produce of tlie Province 
 of Patna each Year 40 Lacks i20,ocooo 
 
 Number of Troops, Viz. 
 
 Horfe 3000 at 25 - - 75,000 
 Foot 4000 at 4 - - 16,000 
 Tope Connah 700 at 3 2,100 
 
 93,100 per Month. 
 
 No. 17. 
 
 To the Honeurnhle Henry Vanfittart^ Efquire, Preftdent and Governir^ isfi\ Couneii ef Fort 
 
 IVilliam. 
 
 Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 TXT'E have received your honour, &c. council's favours of the 4th inftant, inclofing lift: of 
 ' ' goods to be provided at this faftory, which we fliall endeavour to comply with as 
 nearly as polHble. 
 
 Wc muft beg leave to obferve to your honour, &c. that, within tlicfe few days, every 
 Mat which we liave fcnt out of the river, hath been (lopped at the different Chowkcy*. 
 "Notwitliftanding they have the Chiefs j;)uftuck, our Gomaftahs and people arc confined, 
 and ufcd ill, and a very exorbitant duty demanded, and our fcrvants in general greatly 
 infulted all over the country. Upon our fending to fome of thefc places, to inquire the 
 reafon of this extraordinary behaviour, anfwcr was given. That they had orders from 
 the Nabob to flop and levy duties from every Englifh boat that parted, and on no 
 account to let them go free, as the Englifli Duftuck was now of no condqucnce in the 
 country ; and for this purpofe the force at every Chowkey is augmented. This has 
 occafioned an entire ftoppngc to our trade, greatly to the detriment of our private 
 fortunes, as "»ve kavc now large quantities of goods detained at the different Chowkevs, 
 which we cannot get rcleated, unleU wc fubmit to pay the extravagant cuftom they require ; 
 ant!, were wc to do that, our boats are liable to he ffonpcd at the very next Choukcv, 
 and the f.imc duty again demanded. Of thcfe circumfiaiufs wc think it neceHary to 
 inform your honour, &:c. and hope fpecdy mcafurcs will be taken to procure us rcdrefs. 
 We are untlcr daily apprehenlions, that a cuftom will be demanded on our doth purcbafes, 
 which muft be of great ]jrejudice to our honourable employers. 
 
 Wc are, with great RcfpefV, Honourable Sir, and Sirs, 
 
 Your moft obedient humble Scrviintt, 
 
 Luckypore, Oftober 4th, 1762. 
 
 W'm. Bili.ers. 
 Sam. MiDDLiiTON. 
 
 N 
 
 ■■»/ 
 
 \o. iS.
 
 A "J* P E isl P T X No. 18, rj, 20, 2X, a*. 
 
 I»>Io. 18, 79, 
 7« tlie Heneuralie Henry Vanftttart Efquirc, Preftdent and Qovtrnar^ Xsfe. Comui'L 
 5?onourabic Sir, and Sirs, 
 
 TO prevent any blame beinj^ thrown lierenfter on u>, for tlie deficiency of onr i-nveftmcnt, we 
 arc new to inform you, That at foliannabad, rhc prineipal cloth auning, our (iomallahs, 
 Delolls, &c. have been peremptorily ordered to dclift from piwchalins;, and to quit the place. 
 Upon Uieir noncompliance, they have been threatened and abuted in the woft vile and grof* 
 terms, and the wafliermen employed in whitening our cloths have been aftually beat, and peons 
 put on diem to prevent their going on in their buhnefs. - 
 
 Raiah Xobut Roy (to wJiom the Chief has twice com.plaincd of thefe proceedings) declares, 
 that the pcrfon (Peru Roy) who tluis infuUs us, and impedes the Company's bufiuefs, is indc- 
 ■.pcndent of him, fo that it would feem he is feat by the Nabob merely for this purpofc. 
 
 If luch infolence is fuffered to pafs unnoticed, we can have no hopes of rompleating our in- 
 veftment; for who will fervc us, whilft they thereby fubjc£t themfelves to fuch fcvere and ig- 
 ■nominous treatment from the country (jovermuent. 
 
 For the carryicg on.tli£ Company's bufincfs 'tis evident, we muO; be obliged to repd force 
 iby force, and Ihall do io, unlets we receive yoiu" honour, t\c. orders to the contrary. 
 
 Wc are, Honourable 'Sir, and Sirs, 
 
 Your moil obedient humble Servants, 
 PaUia, .the jtkOaDber, 1762. W. Ellis, 
 
 No. 20, 21. 
 
 Ta the Homurahle Henry Vanftttart^ Efqulre, Preftdent a::d Governsr, l3c. Council of Fort JnHiam. 
 
 Honourable Sir, and Sins, 
 
 WE think it our duty to inform you, that the outrages committed in thefe parts by the 
 Government people, for this month paft, have arrived to fuch a height, as to put almoft 
 a totsl -flop t© our bufincfs. At every Chowkey our boats are ftoppcd, the people infulted, and 
 •the lla<T ufed with the utmoft and moft grofs contempt. Our advices from Syblet give us the 
 fame intelligence ; further adding, tb.at Muchiilaws have been taken from many inhabitants, 
 prohibiting them, on no account to have any connt-ftions with the Englilli. As this fpirit of 
 infolence increafes to a very furprifing degree, ajid wc have daily tlie mortification to hear ot 
 repeated infults and violences offered to our privileges, wc are under an apprehenfion, that the 
 Company's bufincfs will, in a few days, iliare the fame fate as all private has. To prevent 
 anti remtdy thele evils, we muft depend on the meafurcs your honour, &c. council may take 
 in confeejucnce of thi^ information. 
 
 As appearances are fo very tinpromifing, we have wrote td th^'^gentlcmen of Chittigong for 
 a reinforcement of a company of Scapoys, -wiiich fliall be aglia Murnbd them, when affairs be- 
 gin to clear up. ■ _ . ' -.' 
 We are, with refpeft, Honourable Sif, and Sirs, 
 
 Your mofi: obedient Servants, 
 Dacca, the-Sth Oftober, 1762- John Cartiep., Thomas French. 
 
 P. S. Since concluding this letter, T am informed, that eight boats loaded with th^ Company's 
 chunam, with my dufluck, are flopped at a place called JafFernwhu/e, near Ruttangunge, 
 and the Buxuries on the fame are plundered aiid ill ufcd. The Maiijus of the boats are rc- 
 •turned from that place, and gave nie this intelligence. 
 
 John Cartif.r. 
 
 No. 22- 
 
 Fimn the Gov.-rnor and Council, to TFilUam Ellis, Ef quire. Chief at Patita, 
 
 •Si 
 
 ir, 
 
 THIS inllant wc have received your letter of the "th ; and inclofc a letter from the Pre- 
 fident to the Nabob, on the llibjcft of your complaifit, nnd hope it will be effcftual in 
 removing all interniption in the Company's bufincfs. — But, at all events, as wc have it futh- 
 ciently in our power to procure fatisfadlion for any injury that may be done to the interefts of 
 our employers, you aae on no account to make ufe of force, without our cxprel's direftions. 
 
 You
 
 APPENDIX, No. 23,24, 
 
 You do not mention, in yonr letter, that yon maclc any aj-Jiilication to the N'al.olitopul aftcfp 
 to the difficulties you leprcfent, and which ccitainly you ought to have done, when vou was 
 informed, that tiie pcrlbn you complain of was indcpcudant of the Naih of Patna ; at'kall, it 
 Ibould have occuned to you, that fuch ai-»plfcation^\*as ueceflary, before you Ihould propolc i« 
 make ufe of force. 
 
 Fort ^V'iUiam We are, Sir, 
 
 l6th Odober, 1762. Your moft obedient Servants. 
 
 No. 23, 
 
 To John Curticr, Efqitire, Chief, is'u Council at Dact/t^ 
 Gcntlanen, 
 
 W' E have received your loiters of the 2d and 8th infiant. 
 
 In anfwcr to your lail letter, relative to the difpute between your Gonnftahs and the g-dvdiii 
 inent people, wc muft needs lay, tliat by the information we receive from the inclofed coprrs 
 of letters delivered in by the prcfident, there is rcafon to fear your Gomaftahsand a"-cnts have 
 made ufe of very unvv'arrantablc jiradlices in their trade, and pcrhap'^ your dil'putes witi; 'the 
 •Tovcrmcnt's people, and the interruptions you complain of, have been owing (o that c:uifp; 
 but as we arc always able and willing, when the nccelTity of ciicumflanccs may require it, to 
 jiTOCure your redrefs for any injuries you may lurt'er in your trade, or othcruays, wc dircf^ 
 that vou forbear, in fuch cafes, making ule of force witliout our perir.iflion and orders'; and 
 therefore dehrc you will return to Chittagong imr.iediately tlic company of Seamiys which 
 you've wrote for from thence; and it any complaints of interruptions in your buliucfs are 
 liei-eafter made by your Gomaftahs, let Mr. Carrier fend a pcrlbn to enquire into the truth of 
 the affair, with a letter to the proper othcer of the government, to defire that he will put a 
 flop to fuch obftruclions. 
 
 Inclofed are letters from the prelident to Jeferat Cawn, the Naib, and Mahomed Aly, the 
 CoUeftor of the revenues, which, we hope, will prevent any further' diforders, at lead until 
 •rfic prefidcnt can make the neceflary regulations in concert with tlie Nabob. 
 
 The abovcmcntioned copies of letters we have forwarded to you for voui information ai;d 
 reply, in cafe there lliould be any fa£rs in them milreprefcntcd. And we defire you will 
 fend, on your parts, a particular ffate of your complaints to the prefidcnt, who will take the 
 pro])er meafures to olitain fatisfailion and indemnification for all lolles and danugcs. You 
 will likewife take cfFeftual care, that none of your (iomaftahs or agents do in future uie any 
 kind of force or authority in carrying on your trade, left the duputes occaiioncd by fuch 
 praftices Ihould in the end afFeft tiie Company'^ bulincf^. — Neith.er muft your Gomaftahs be 
 jufTered to fet thcinfelves up as magiftratcs in the country, in hearing dilputes between tl:e 
 inhabitants, impofing fines, 5.c. &c. 
 
 The Court of DirefVors have this year fent out a gentleman, named iMr. Dciaporte, to 
 adift in regulating and improving their cloth inveftment; and he having declared to us at the 
 board, that he thinks lie can be of thegreateft ufe at your factory, in forting and packinf the 
 variety of muhnulls and doreas, we have directed hiin to proceed thither accordingly with all 
 .convenient expedition. And we defire you will give to each other fuch mutual advice and 
 ^jljflance, as may moft tend to the benefit of our honourable employers. 
 
 It may be proper to remind you, that the time limited for Mr. Chevalier's coming to Cal- 
 cutta is expired. 
 
 Fort William, We arc, (ientlcmcn, your moft obedient SerTants. 
 
 18th Oaaber, i;62. 
 
 No. 24. 
 
 To iniliam BilliiTS, Efiuive, Chief and Mr. Satnuel MidtHeton, at Luckypon. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 AS wc learn by our letters from the g-rntlemen at Dacca, that many difputes have latchr 
 happened between their Gomaftahs and the government's people in the courfe of their 
 trade, wc have thought it neceH'uy to lay the following down as n ftanding rule, which yon 
 ' will plcafcto obfLTve, in cafe any tlifputcsof the like nature Ihould occur with vou. 
 
 If any complaints of interruptions in your bufinefs nreliereafrer made hy youi- Gomaftahs, 
 let Mr. Billers fend a perfon to cntiuire into the truth of the afiair, with a letter to the proper 
 officer of the government, to defire he will put a Hop to fuch ohftru6lioni. : we arc hopeful 
 this will have the dcfirc-d efFe£t, at leaft u.itil the preftdent ran make the ncccffnrv rck.Uiiions 
 in concert with the Nabob; and in tiie mean time \i.iu are not, and lilewj/i'f take cjR-ifual 
 
 care
 
 A I- P E N D I X, No. 25,26,^7. 
 
 tcare tliRt none of your Goinaftalis or agenU do in future ufe any kind of force or authority 
 •in carrying; on your trade, left tlic dilputes oci.niioncd by fuch praftices fliould in the end 
 afFc6t the Company's bufinefs : neitlier niuft your Gomaftalis lie fuffered to iet rlicmielvcs up 
 a? inagiflrates in the country in heading dilputes between the inhabitants, impofing fines, 
 &c. <kc 
 
 Fort William, We arc Gentlemen, 
 
 «8th Oftober 1762. Your moft obedient Servants. 
 
 No. 25, 
 
 To JVilliam Billers, Efquh-e, Chief, and Mr. Samuel Middhton, at Lud-ypore^ 
 ■Gentlemen, 
 
 VV E have received your letter of the 14th inftant. 
 
 In anfwcr to which we muft refer you to ours of the iStTi, for direftions how to regulate 
 yourtclves regarding the oljftruflions you complain of — till fuch time as the prclident can 
 ■arrive with the Naboli, and enquire into the caufe of tliefe interruptions, and fettle a folid 
 plan for the future fafety and freedom of our trade. 
 
 In the mean time, as Mr. Billers has acquainted the prcfident that you have always paid the 
 Shabunder duties, but that now frefli cuftoms arc demanded, wc defire to know wiiat the 
 amount of the Shabunder duties are, and the particulars of theCe frefli cuftoms which are 
 now levied, that tiie prelidcnt may guide himfelf thereby in fettling with the Nabob. 
 
 Fort ^Villiam, We arc, Gentlemen, 
 
 a6th Oftolier, 1762. Your moft obedient Servants. 
 
 No. 26. 
 
 TranJlaUon of a htlir frvm the Nahh to the Governor, dated i %th Rebhee a Sannee ( I/? November) 
 
 reaiiMd ?)th November 1762. 
 
 T Have received with great pleafure, your friendly letter. You write that you learn from 
 * Mr. Ellis, the chief of the faftory at Patna, that cloths have been provided for many 
 years at the Aurung of Ichanabad, for the Company ; now Perva Roy, the Aumil of that 
 ]>lace, obftrufts the weavers in providing the cloths ; and whenever they are made hinders 
 the wallicrmcn from dreffing and walhing them, to the great prejudice of the Company's 
 Gomaftahs, and to affift theni on every occafion. — Sir, wherever that Gentleman has an op- 
 portunity, he fails not to make complaints of his bulinefs. As he has found my officers in 
 no inftance faulty, he has wrote to you the impertinencics and complaints of the walhermen : 
 You well know. Sir, that the wafliermen pay no duties, and that the Aumlls have no au- 
 thority to interrupt them, or prevent their wafhing and drefling the cloths : Was this affair 
 realty true, he would have informed Rajah Nobitioy of it, and he would immediately have 
 wrote to tlie Aumil about it ; but as it is altogether without foundation, he ciiofe to make a 
 falfe complaint to you. Do you yourlelf. Sir, confider this affair: Neverthelels I have fcnt 
 ftrift orders to the Rajah, to write to the Aumil, that he on no account obftruft the currency 
 of the Company's bulinels ; and that on application from tlie Gomaftahs of the faflory, he 
 afford them due aid and afliftancc. 
 
 No. 27. 
 To Peter Amyatt, Efquire, and the rejl of the GtntUmen of the Council at Fort TP'iUiiim. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 If ind that the Interruptions the Gentlemen at Chittagong, Dacca, and Luckyporc, liavc 
 met with for fome weeks paft are owing to the bad difpolition of Mahoinid Aiy, the 
 perlon laft appointed by the Nabob to colleft the rents of thaljiart of the country. Sycci Ma- 
 domed Cawn, the Deputy Governor of Muxadabad, expreli'es as much rekntment againft that 
 man as we do ourfelves, and allures me th.it he has leprefcnted him in fuch a light to the 
 Nabob, that he is pcrluaded he will immediately "oe difmilicd from his office : this is a point 
 1 Ihall urge to the Nabob, if it is not done before I arrive at Mangcin ; and furtiicr that he 
 bepunllhed for liis inlolence, and obliged to make fatisf-idion for alllollcs which may have 
 l)een incurred by the delays he has occalioned. In the mean time I have the lionour totran(- 
 nut you four orders frou» Sycd Mahomed Cawn to the laid colki^or, warning him of the 
 
 bad 
 
 i
 
 APPENDIX', No. 28, 29, 
 
 bad confcquences of his prefent conduft, and charging him not to obflruft the bufinefs of 
 our faftories ; I fend likcwife one from myfelf. Thefe, forwarded to the refpe<^ive faftories 
 will, I hope, remove all obftruftions; and on the other hand, Syed Mahomed Cawndcfues 
 tiiat cur Gentlemen will take all poffible care to prevent their Gomaftahs and Agents from 
 interfering in the bufinefs of the government, or ufing force in buying or fellin"- 
 
 I have not yet the Nabob's anfwer concerning the difputcs between the uncle and nephew 
 for the Zemindary of Baboopoor: As foon as 1 receive it I fliall forward it to you, that you 
 may give the neceffary direftions to the Chief, &c. at Luckypore. 
 
 The anfwer I have received from the Nabob to Mr. Ellis's complaint T now inclofe with a 
 tranflation. — I think it would be proper to fend a copy to that gentleman, with directions 
 to apply to the Naib at Patna, if in future he (hould meet with any interruptions in his bufi- 
 nefs ; and if the Naib either rcfufcs, or has not authority to remove them, then to apply to 
 the Nabob himfclf, from whom if he does not olstain fuch redrefs and afliftancc as the cafe 
 may require, then to make his reprcfentation to the board with copies of his letters to the 
 government, and the anfwers received ; by this wc fliall be laved the trouble of hciring 
 complaints, except in cafes where our intcrpofition becomes really necelFary. 
 
 I Ihall let out from hence for Mongeir the nth. 
 
 I have tlie Honour to be, with great Eflcem, 
 
 Coflimbuzar, Gentlemen, 
 
 the 9th November 1762. Your inoft obedient, and mofl 
 
 Humble Servant, 
 
 Henry Vansittart. 
 
 Xo. 28. 
 
 From the Governor and Council, to Jo/m Cartler, Efqitire, Chief, is'c. Council at Dacca, 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 1X7E have jufl: received a letter from the prefident at Coflimbuzar, acquainting us that he 
 ^ undcrftands, from the convcrfation he has had with Syed Mahomed Khan, that the in- 
 terruptions to the bufinefs at your faftory, ard thofc of Luckypore and Chittagong, have been 
 owing entirely to the bad difpofition of Mahomed Aly ; therefore the prefident alFures, that 
 difmiffion from his employ is a point he ihall urge to the Nabob whenever he arrives at Mong- 
 heer ; and further inlift that he be puniflied for his infolence, and obliged to make fatisfaftion 
 for all lollcs which may have been incurred by the delays he has occafioncd. 
 
 In the mean time the prefident has tranfmitted us four orders from Syed Mahomed Khan, 
 and one from himfclf to tlic faid Mahomed Aly, warning him of the bad confcquence of his 
 prefent conduft, and charging him not to obflruft the bufinefs of our faftories: The fame wc 
 now forwarti you, inclofed to deliver to the colleftor, and hope they will have the cffe6i of 
 removing all obflruflions. 
 
 You will pleafe immediately to advife the gentlemen at Luckypore and Chittagong of 
 the receii)t and tenor of thefe orders; and again, when you are fcnfiblc of the efFcft thev 
 may have on Mahomed Aly's conduiff, of which you will likcwife pleafe to advife us. 
 
 Fort William, We are, Gentlemen, 
 
 nth November 1762. Your moft obedient Servants. 
 
 No. 29. 
 
 To Peter Amyatt, Efquire, and. the rijl of the Gentlemen of the Council at Fort JVilliam. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 T Arrived ycftcrday at the quarters prepared for me by the Nabob, about two miles from the 
 ■'■ fort of Mungccr; his uncle, Tcrab Aly Cawn, met me at Goorgutty, and the Nabob 
 himfclf about four miles from the fort. This morning I went with Mr. Hallings, and all 
 the reft of the gentlemen, to the fort to return his vifit. 
 
 I have been favoured with your letter of the 15th of November : I have not as yet entered 
 upon any bufinefs with the Nabob, but I perceive he has many complaints to make againft the 
 Company's dependents in different parts of the country, as we have againd his : I have, how- 
 ever,. found him inthe difpofition I willied andcxpefted, very dcfirous of having our reljicftivc 
 pretenfions equitably difcuilbd, and fuch regulations made as may prevent, as far as polfiblc, 
 
 O any
 
 APPENDIX, No. 30, y.. 
 
 - anv lUrputes between our people and his in future. Ke is as fenfible as we are, that in fo ex- 
 . tcnilve! a eonueftion, couiplamtb will frequently bo received on both lldcs, hut he looks upon 
 fuch aceiilcnts as too trivial to allcft the friendlliip between him and the Ccrapany ; and d;- 
 fires only, that on all fuch occahons liuic may be taken to make a candid and dlfpaflionate 
 enquiry ; promiiing, on his part, to punifli with Icverity any of Lis people who iliall be found 
 guilty of opprcUion, or want of relpefl: towards the Company's dependants; and cxpe£ting 
 the i'ame Juliicc Aou) us. 
 
 I lliall proceed witii Mr. HalUngs's ailiftancc and concurrence, in fuch inquiries as fhall 
 be neccUary on the fubjcft of the complaints now in queftion ; and in eftablifning fuch rules 
 between the NaLcb and us a? may prevent thein for the future. 
 
 iSiungeer, the 
 ffl Difcembcr, 1762. 
 
 I am, with Eftcem, Gentlemen. 
 
 Your moft obedient humble Servant, 
 
 Henry Vamsittarx. 
 
 No. 30. and 31. 
 
 To Peter Amyutt, Efqulre, and the rejl of the Gentlemen of the Council at Fort WilUa}n. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 TNCLOSED I fcntl for your perufal two Perfian letters, delivered to me by the Nabob, with 
 ■* their tranflations. 
 
 One from Mr. Cartier to Mahomed Aly, the colleftor of the Dacca diftrifts, which, if I 
 underftood it right (for the expreffions are rather obfcure) is wrote in a very improper ftyle, 
 as it tends to encourage and promote that evil which we have taken fo much pains to remedy ; 
 1 mean a jcaloufy and difirruft between us and the Nabob : I requeft you will be plcafcd to 
 call on Mr. Cartier for an explanation of his meaning, and give him fuch a caution on the 
 occadon as to you fliall leeni necellary. 
 
 The other, from Meffrs. Johnfton, Hay, and Bolts, to Shyr Aly Cawn, Fouzedarof Purnea, 
 indorfed liy Mr. Bolts in Englilli, and written, I imagine, by him, in the name of the partner- 
 Ihip. Whoever reads this letter mufl naturally conclude no other Government fubfifted 
 among us ; fincc it was left to Mr. Bolts to ailert the privileges of the Firmaun, and vindi- 
 cate the name of the Englifli, tiie freedom of the Company's Duftuck: Such notions pro- 
 pagated in the country muft needs be prejudicial to the Company's affairs, by weakening their 
 Government; and it is for this reafon the Company have forbid letters to be written to the 
 country Government by any pcrfon, excepting the prefident, or with his approbation. I 
 never refufed to apply for redrefs for any grievance that the Gentlemen in tlie fervice, and 
 all other inhabitants of the fcttlcment have applied to me about, and in cafe of my illnefs or 
 abfence Mr. Amyait was ready to give them the fame afliftance : I muft therefore recom- 
 mend to you to inflift fuch cenfure or punifliment on Mr. Bolts as Ihall fecm to you necefTary 
 for preventing fuch irregulations in future : I could wilh alfo that it were made a rule for the 
 chiefs of the fuhordinate factories, and all others, when they write letters to the country 
 Government, to fign them, that in cafe of their being produced afterwards they may be known 
 to be authentic. 
 
 I have the pieafure to acquaint you, that, to this time there i-s no appearance of the tran- 
 quility of thefe provinces being difturbed by any enemies : Shaw AUum and Shujah Dowla 
 remain near Corrcginabad, and fcem to have nothing iii view but maintaining the pofieihon 
 of thofe conqucfts they have made laft year upon the Marattas near the banks of the Jurarma. 
 The Rohellas, Tants, and other Chiefs about Delly, divided as they arc upon other points, 
 agree in oppofing Shujah Dowla, wliich, no doubt is the reafon he does not attempt to advance 
 further towards "the capital, and which occafioned him to apply to the Nabob and aik for an 
 afliftance of- forces. The Nabob does not judge it advifcahlc to comply with this applica- 
 tion, nor in any manner to engage in the conteft, which he fays would be attended with a 
 great cxptnce and a rifk of involving himfelf in trouble. I think this advice is alfo moft 
 fuitahle to the circumftances of the Company's affairs : Onr chief ohjcft Ihould he to prc- 
 li;rvc wliat W'c now hold in tranqHility ; and indeed the continual rcduciionot our forces, by 
 cafualtics, without any recruits, puts it out of our power to Ipaie any coniiderable detachment. 
 The Nabob keeps about four tiioufand horfes in the Barigeporc country to guard that frontier, 
 and intends, about a month hence, to march to Beteato complcat the regulation of that diftrift, 
 and with fome view to the reduftion of the adjoining province of Napante. 
 
 I fliall v.-ait here till major Adams's arrival, in order to introduce him to the Nabob; after 
 vvhicli 1 purpofe to vilit tlie Puhia faftory, and then return to Calcutta 
 
 Mungeer, I am, with eftcem, Cientlemen, 
 
 15th Dec. 1762. Your moft humble Servant, 
 
 Henry Vansittart. 
 No. 32. 
 
 i 
 
 1
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 32. 
 
 No. 32. 
 
 To Peter Amyatt, Efqiiire, and the rejl of the Geniletnen of the Council of Fort Ifllliam. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 "t'YT'E liavc had many conferences with tlie Nabob, on the fuhicft of tlie late complaints which 
 ' ' appear to have been chiefly occalionecl bv tl-.e private inland trade, or tiie trade from 
 place to place, in the country. He enlarged much on the licentioiimefs and opprcffions exer- 
 ciled by our Ciomaftahs, cfpccially in thoie diflant parts of the province wlierc his government 
 is lefs cftabliliied, and too remote for our enquiries into their behaviour. He argued, that the 
 trade of thofc parts confiflcd chiefly in articles produced and fold in the country, from which 
 former Nabobs had always veflrained all Europeans, and to wliich he did not conceive that we 
 would claim any rii;ht for our Firniaun. 
 
 We agree with the Nabob in opinion, that the true intent and natural meaning of the Fir- 
 maun granted to the Company was to give to them and their fervants a free trade, clear of 
 all cufloms, in all articles of commerce to be imported or exported by fliipping : From fuch 
 commerce a mutual benefit is derived to our country and to this ; but the trade from place to 
 place in the country, in fait, beetle- nut, tobacco, andothcr commodities produced here, bring- 
 iv.'Z, no general bcactit to the country, but to particulars only, who had the fame in their hands, 
 wc do not think the Firmaun can l)C undcrftood to include them within the 'privilege of the 
 Dufluck, or to grant us a rigiit to trade therein, on any other footing than the natives them- 
 felves; that is, paying the ufual cuftoms to the government; for if we had a right therein to 
 trade cuftom-fiee, and the natives muft pay, it follows, no one but ourfelves could carry on 
 any trade, which we cannot fuppofc the Firmaun intended. 
 
 it is faft that the Nabobs of tliefe provinces did formerly reflrain the Europeans from carry- 
 ing on this trade upon any footing, and by farming out tlve fcveral articles to particular mer- 
 chants, draw to themfclves a corrlidcrable revenue. 
 
 After the defeat and death of Seraja Dowla, and the eftablifhment of Jaffier Aly Cawn in the 
 Suliahlliip, by the a<liftance of the Engliih, we Ivcgan to take a fliare of this trade, which Iharc 
 has been from day to day increafmg. It has, however always been a fuhjeft of difpute with 
 the countrv government, our right never having been admitted by them, nor regularly claimevl 
 and cftabliil'icd by us ; and the government's duties have generally been paid. 
 
 But not content with this, the Engliih Gomaftahs, in different parts, have lately begun to 
 infill upon this trade as a Firmaun privilege, equally with the foreign trade, and rcfufcd to pay- 
 any cuftoms : The government's people, on their part, demanded the cuftoms, ami upon the re- 
 fuial flopped the goods; and this conteft has been the occalion of many of the complaints re- 
 ceived by us and by the Nabob. 
 
 As on one hand, we do not fee any reafc n v/hy the Englilli gentlemen, and other inhnbitnnts 
 of Calcutta and"the fubordinate faftorics, fliould carry on the inland trade with the Company's 
 Duftuck-, or in any refpeft mote advantageoully than the country merchants, fo, on the otlier 
 hand, we think it would be a great hardlhip, if we and all belonging to us were not admitted 
 upon an equality with the merchants and inhabitants of other parts of Bengal, and fufFcred to 
 trade on equal terms in all commodities, and in all places, provided our agents and Gomaftaiis 
 tlo not fet up for magiftrates in the country, and carry on their bufmefs by force and oppreHlon : 
 praftices of this fort in many of the Engliih agents and Gomaftahs, and an abufe ou the part 
 of the Nabob's officers, of the power put into their hands for the reftraint of fuch praftices, 
 have been further caufes of the many complaints lately received. 
 
 In thefe fentiments, the regulations we have propofeJ to the Nabob for fixing the manner of 
 carrying on this trade in future, and preventing any difputcs between his officers and our agents 
 and (iomaflahs, are as follov, s : 
 
 I That for all trade imported or exported by fhipping, the Company's Duftuck (liall ba 
 granted ; and it fiiall pafs tmmolcfted and free of cuftom as ufual. 
 
 2. lor all trade from one place to another, in commodities produced in the country, as fair, 
 beetle-nut, tobacco, ^c. the Company's Duftuck fhall not be granted, but it Ihall go with the 
 l^uftuck of the Bucklbnndar, or other officer of the country government. 
 
 3. That at the Time of taking out the faid Duftuck, and before the difj)atcli of the goods, 
 the duties ihall be paid according to the rates, which (hall be particularly listtled and annexed 
 to this agreement. 
 
 4. That the faid duties fo to be paid before exportation fliall be the whole that arc to be. 
 paid ; fo that after the difpaich of the goods nothing ihall be paid at any Chokies in the road, 
 nor at the place of fale. 
 
 5. Thus all goods being furnifhed, either with the Company's Duftuck, or that of ihe go- 
 vernment, fhall meet with no obftrudtion or delay. — The guards and Chokies in the roadfiiali 
 have nothing more to do t'-nn demand a light of the Duftuck, unlcfs they fliail obferve the 
 
 boats
 
 APPENDIX, No. 32. 
 
 boats to be laden with a larger quantity of goods tlian are mentioned in the Duftuck, or with 
 other forts of goods than thoie mentioned in the Duftuck ; in which cafe they are to give im- 
 mediate notice to the ncarefl F.nglilh fnftory, as well as to the ncareft oflkcr of tiic Govern- 
 ment, that orders may be lent to h;ivc a flrift examination, but they are not to detain them in 
 the ri)ad. 
 
 6 If any one fhoukl attempt to pafs goods without a Duftuck, either from the govern- 
 ment or the Company, or ihall clandeflincly procure a Company's Duftuck, to pafs fair, beetle- 
 nut, tobacco, or other produce of the country, from place to place for inland trade, fucli 
 goods ihall be fcizcd and contifcatcd ; the guards and Chokies in the road are to flop 
 them, and give notice to the neareft Englifh fadory, as well as the neareft officer of the go- 
 \ernment. 
 
 7. If any pcrfon, not liaving a Duftuck, fliall attempt to pafs boats or goods clandcftinely, 
 under the cover of, and in company with other boats or goods, having a Duftuck, fuch boats 
 or goods fo attempted to be palfed clandcftinely fliall be fei/.ed and confifcated. 
 
 8. The Cjor.iaftahs in every place Ihall carry on their trade freely, and as merchants, and 
 fliall on no account ufc force in buying or felling : If any difpute arifes in the courfe of their 
 bufmefs, they fliall not attempt to redrefs themfelves, but lliall make their complaints to the 
 Fouzedar, or other officer of the government, and have the matter tried before him; in like 
 manner, if any merchant or inhabitant fhall be aggrieved by an Englilli Gomaftah, he fliall 
 make his complaint to the Fouzedar, or other officer of the government ; and the Gomaftah 
 being duly fummoned, fliall appear before him to anfwer to the charge, and have the matter 
 tleterniined. 
 
 9. To deter the Fouzedar and the officers of the government from being guilty of any 
 partiality, they fliall be enjoined to tranfmit to the Nabob, copies of their proceedings upon 
 all trials where Engliih agents or Gomaftahs arc concerned, and likewife to give a copy to 
 the agent or Gomaftah, who, if he thinks himlelf aggrieved, may lend the fame to his prin- 
 cipal, and he may make his complaint to the prelident, who, if the cafe requires it, will 
 apply to the Nabob for redrefs : and when any Fouzedar, or other officer of the government, 
 ihall prove guilty of fuch partiality, the Nabob fhall punifli him in the moft exemplary 
 manner. 
 
 We tliink it would be unreafonable to defirc to carry on the inland trade upon any other 
 footijig than that of the merchants of -the country; and that the attempting to carry it on 
 free of cuftoms, and with the Company's Duftuck, would bring upon us an univerfal jealoufy 
 and ill will, and in the end prejudice the Company's affairs as well as our own. — In the courfe 
 of our conferences upon this fub'ieft, the Nabob obferved, that if ths Englifli Gomaftahs 
 were permitted to trade in ail parts and in all commodities cuftom free, as many of them 
 now pretend, they nmfl: of courfe draw ^11 the trade into their hands, and his cuftoins would 
 be of fb little value to him, that it woukl be much more for his intercft to iny trade entirely 
 open, and coUcft nocuftoms from any perfbn whatever upon any kind of merchandize ; which 
 would draw a number of merchants into his country, and encreafe his revenues, by encourag- 
 ing the cultivation and manufafture of a larger quantity of goods for fale ; at the lame time 
 that (he added) it would efFeftuallv cut oft' the principal fubjeft of difputes which had difturbed 
 the good undcrflanding between us; an objeft he had more than any other at huart. This 
 icheme we difcouragedall in our power, as it would immediately render the Duftuck ufelefs, 
 and prejudice our honourable mafters bulinefs by enhancing the number of purchaters ; and 
 it is an argument why we ought readily to confcnt to the regulation now propofed, not to 
 xifque hurting the Company's intereft for our own private advantage. 
 
 Tlie Nabob delires that our orders may be repeated, 'J'hat ntme of the Company's ferv.ints 
 agents, Gomaftaiis, or other perfons employed by them, fhall be permitted to hold offices 
 under the country government, nor to purchafe, rent or hold, lands, gunges, or markets, nor 
 to lend money to tlie Zemindars or coUcftors ; as aUtliefe are fources of dilpute between the 
 Company's people and the governments. 
 
 We have lijnt to Mr. Helas the Nabob's orders for the free purchafe of tim'ier wanted for 
 the new Fort; and tlie Nabob has exprefled to Shyr Aly, the Fouzedar of that diftrift, his 
 highcft difpleal'ure at the obftruftions he before laid in liis way, and tlie ill treatment which 
 the F2nglifli Gomaftahs in general complained of from him. 
 
 Incloled we fend the Nabob's orders to Mahomed Aly, the coUeftor of the Dacca diftrifts, 
 enjoining him to releafe all boats that may be flopped liy him, or any other perfbn under his 
 jurifdidlion; to demand for cuftoms nothing more than has hitherto been paid upon the inland 
 tnule of thole parts ; and to refund all that may have been extorted beyond that : likewife 
 anotb.cr order to the fame perliin, requiring him totranhnita more circumilantial account of 
 the xiifpute between the uncle and the nephew, about the Zemindary of Baboopoor, and 
 how it happened that three or four of our Scapoys were killed there ; but as both in this affair 
 and that of Tangepoor, dependant on Purnea, where one of Mr. Gray's Gomaftahs was 
 killed, a fevere example feenis highly neccffary, we have agreed with the Nabob to fend a 
 ^jerfbn oa our part along v.itli one of his, to enquire upon the fpot, and bring a full and 
 
 impartial
 
 APPENDIX. No. 33, 34, 35. 
 
 imnartial account of each of thofc events ; and the Nabob has promifcd to pnnlfli his peo- 
 ple with the utmoft fevcrity if they prove to be as guilty as they now appear. Mr. Haftino^s 
 will go to Tangepoor to finifli that enquiry; and vvc defire you will dircft Mr. Billcrs to 
 produce the neccllary proofs to the perfon who may be appointed by the Nabob to enquire 
 conLtrnins: the other altairs, 
 
 Mongeer, We are, with eftccm, (icntlcmen, 
 
 15th December, 1762. Your moll obedient humble fcrvants. 
 
 Henry Vanfittart, 
 Warren Haltings. 
 
 No '»'> 
 
 Tranjlation of a letter from Mejfn. Johnjloue, Hay, and Bolts, to Meer Sheer Ally Cawn, the 
 Fouzdar of Purnea, recorded on Fort IVilliam conftiltaticns. December 2"] th 1762. 
 
 /^UR Gomaftah Ramchurn-Dofs, being gone into thofc parts, meets with obftruftions 
 ^^ from you in whatever bulinefs he undertakes ; moreover, you have publiflied a prohibitica 
 to this effcft, That whoever Ihail have any dealing with the Englifh, you will leize his houfe, 
 and lay a line upon him. In this manner have you prohibited the people under your jurifdic- 
 tion. We were furprized at hearing of this affair; becaufe that the Roya! Firmaun, which 
 the Englilh nation is pofTcfied of, is violated by this proceeding; but the Englilh will by no 
 means fufi^er with patience their Firmaun to be broke through : we therefore expcft that 
 iilK>n the receipt of thi« lettet, you will take oft the order you have given to the Ryotts ; and 
 in cafe of your not doing it, we will certainly write to the Nabob, in the name of the 
 Englilh, and fend lor futrhan oriLr from him that you ihall rcrtore, fully and entirely, what- 
 ever lofs the Englilh have fuftained, or Ihall fuftain, by this obllruftion, and that you fliall 
 repent having thus interrupted our bulincfs, in defpite of the Royal Firmaun. After reading 
 this letter, we arc perluaded you will deiift from interrupting it, will ad a"-reeable to t!ic 
 rules of friendlhip, and lb that your amity may appear, and will by no means ftop the Com- 
 pany's Duftucks. 
 
 No. 34. 
 Extraii of the Nabob's letter to Mahomed Ally, the Naib of Dacca. 
 
 'T"' H E governor writes to me that you interrupt his own Gomaftah : notwithftanding in 
 -*■ the paper of regulations, there is no diftlnftlon of private and pulilic, yet as the gover- 
 nor is my friend, I accordingly write to you, not to impede the Gomaftah of jiis pn, a...- 
 trade, that may have witii him either the governor's or Company's Duftuck. 
 
 No. 35. 
 
 Jo Peter Amyatt, Efquire, ^'c. council of Fort JVilliam. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 "VSJ E did ourielves the honour to write to you ycftcrdny, and have fmce been furi">rifcd 
 by the receipt of two papers (which come inclofed for your perul'al) from the Naib, 
 and from Mahmud Ally of this place, who defired to be informed what degree of regard wc 
 intend to pay the orders they contained; to which we replied, 'l"hat we did not dare to ac- 
 quicfce with the terms of thofe papers, as the prefident and council of Calcutta, on whoni alone 
 it refted to give fanftion to fuch commands, had not thought proper to tranfmit us any lucli 
 inftruilions. ^Vc know not in what light you will look on thele dircftlons to the Naib of 
 this place, but hope will approve the reply we made, and will pardon us the liberty of addre)- 
 iing a few lines on this fubjcft. The immediate circulation of thele articles throughout the 
 covmtry will be attended with very bad confequcnces to the Company's invcftment, and iimft 
 intirely ruin moft of us at this place, who on the faitli of treaties or public indulgences have 
 large concerns abroad, wliich never can be colleftcd in, if the privileges, without any pre- 
 vious notice, be fnatchcd from us. The protcftion of our (jomaftahs and fcrvants from the 
 oppreflionand jurifdiflion of the Zemindars and their Cutcherrics, has ever been found to 
 be a liberty highly clTsntial both to the honour and intercfts of our nation ; and wc apprehend 
 thx; utilily of it for carrying on every kind of bufinefs, but efpecially the provifion of cloth, 
 is fo well known to you, gentlemen, that it is needlefs for us to add more, as you will at once 
 perceive the numberlefs vexations and interruptions wc Ihall meet with, if the Zemindars have 
 authority, on every llight dilpute, to fuinmon ami confine our Gomaftahs whenever they 
 think proper. The injuiiftions with refjie(fl to Duftucks aflcfts every article of commerce, 
 cxrcjit fuch as are importctl on fiiipj)ing, Mr. Cartier being injoined not to give any one for 
 any article that is the produce of Bengal, and to pay a duty of nine per cent, to the Nabob 
 on every merchandize not brought in or lent by fca. This furcly cannot be meant, but the 
 
 P words
 
 APPENDIX. No. ^c.. 
 
 words feemtoo equivocal, not to make us wifl\to have your lenfe of them, on fo important 
 a point. A duty once fixed, would Icarcc he a hurden; but if, added to this, we are fub- 
 icftcd to vexatious applications to the Nabob's officers for Duftucks, it will be a grievance wc 
 iliall indeed feel. The dignity and benefit of our Duftucks are the chief badges of honour, 
 ■or at Icaft, the intercfl we enjoy from our Phirniaund, and has been held in fuch efteem, as 
 to i'ecure our efFefts from thofe depredations which the natives fuffer, in pafling their goods 
 through the country ; and if thelc new duties on all the produfts of the country are thought 
 juft, may not the Nabob be properly fccured of them by the Shawbimdcr's receipts for tl:e 
 cuftoms being always affixed to the back of every Duftuck, previous to its being figned ? This 
 ■will furely afcertain m the mofl; ample form, the duties to the Nabob, and free us from the 
 principal grievance we can feel from their increafe. The prohibition with refpeft to Tofalls 
 isareftraint not even put on the Moguls and natives; the liberty of ercfting new ones, fo 
 far from being injurious to the Nabob, abfolutely enhances his cufloms, by clearing lands 
 that would otherwiie have been uninhabited; and the order to purchafe every thing for 
 ready money, amounts nearly to an exclufion from all fuch branches of trade, as the venders 
 will then impole on us wliatever prices they judge proper. 
 
 With rel'peft to Allam, we mull beg leave to obierve, that the Nabob, or his Phoufdar 
 of Rang Mattee, can have no more right to regulate the terms of our commercee with 
 the natives of that country, than with thofe of China ; all the power he exerts over 
 our Gomaftahs is arbitrary and oppreffive ; and neither juftice or ancient cufloms can 
 warrant fuch abufes, or regulate iris officers in the collefting of taxes. Though the 
 whole diredfion is now referred to his Droga Rangamatty, no duties have ever yet been 
 paid on lacks, Muggadooties, and other goods brought from Affam > Thole goods may 
 Jurcly be efleemed imports when they arc brought into Bengal, and may be intitled to 
 our Duilucks. 
 
 All our privileges, all our fortunes, and future piofpects, depend upon the refult of 
 your deliberations on thcfe points : And we hope, let what will be your fentiments, you 
 will be pleafed to luljjend the execution of them, till our prelcnt concerns are coliedled 
 in with our ancient indulgcncies. No treaty of commerce in any country has been 
 carried into execution, or freili duties levied, without a previous declaration for as long 
 a term as was adequate to the fettlement of thofe concerns that w'ere to be influenced 
 by fuch new reg;ulations; and we flatter ourfelves, that we fliall not become objefts of 
 unexampled feverity on this occaflon. The trade of the fervants has ever been thought 
 intitled to your proteftion ; and we hope, if particular branches are now to be given up, 
 we fiiall ffill be indulged with the influence of your authority and privilege of our 
 Duftucks, till we can finifh our prefent engagements : If you refufe us this requeft, 
 Gentlemen, you undo us at once, as tlie publication of thefe orders from Mungheer, 
 ■with the ftampt of your authority, will fo affeft our national credit and influence in the 
 country, as muft for ever difablc us from colle£ling in the large fums we have ouftanding. 
 
 If we have obtruded on the board more than is deemed fit, or prefumed in any part of 
 this to advife where obedience was due, we crave your pardon, and fliall be ready to pay 
 the utmoft refpeft to any orders tranfmitted by your boards being with great refpeft, 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Dacca, iDth January, 1763, 
 
 Your mofl obedient humhle Servants, 
 John Cartier, 
 A. W. Senior, 
 R. Leycester, 
 Tiio. French. 
 
 P. S. We are juft now informed, that Mahmud Allv has obliged the different Zemindars 
 (in confequence of thefe letters from Mungeer) to give Mokulkaws to have no further bufinefs 
 with tlie Englifli, or to allow of any to be tranfaftcd with them in their different 
 Zcmindaries. This, Gentlemen, in all probability, will bring on fuch a fcene of rapine 
 and deftruftion to our properties, as may reduce us to the fame diftrefs as we were 
 -brought to in the memorable year fifty-fix. 
 
 John Cartier, 
 A. W. Senior, 
 Tno. French. 
 
 No. 36
 
 APPENDIX, No. 30. 
 No. 36. 
 
 To Peter Amyatt, Efquire, and the rejl if the Gentlemen of the Council at Fcrt IVilUavi. 
 
 Geijtiemen, 
 
 T Have I'cen favoured with your letter of the 27th December, with a copy of a letter 
 ■*■ from the dircftor and Council at Chinfura, on the fubjeft of the difputes l:cr\veen our 
 faftory at Patna and theirs, concerning the purchale of opium ; alfo extraft of a letter 
 from our chief and council at Coihrnbuzar, about the dilliculty they meet with in 
 exchanging the Calcutta llccas. 
 
 I had left Patna before your letter reached me ; but as we had before received many 
 complaints from the Dutch about the opium purchafcs, I made it my bufinefs to get 
 all pofliblc information on the fubjeft, during my (liort ftay at that place ; particularly 
 as Mr. Tailletort wrote me to requeft T would entleavour to put an end to tliofe dilputes. 
 It has been frequently urged by the Dutch, that Mr. Ellis took obligations from the 
 merchants and Picars, that they would not, under a penalty, fell opium to any but him ; 
 I aiked the Dutch chief upon what he grounded this accufation, and whether he had 
 ever feen fuch an obligation, or even a copy ; to which he replied, that he had not, 
 but that he had been fo informed by his Agents. The Amukiar of Bahar having made 
 a complaint of the like nature to the Naib, I aiked the Amuldar, if he could produce 
 fuch an obligation, or a copy ; he anfwcred, that a merchant of Bahar had made a 
 complaint to him, that the Englilh Gomallah had extorted a bond from him not to 
 purchafe opium (which had been his ufual trade) for that he, the Engiifli Gomaftah, 
 was to receive the whole from the Picars ; that he could therefore not pay cuftoms as 
 before to the government; at the fame time producing a paper w'hich he faid was a copy 
 of the bond, but did not deliver it to him. — It remained therefore a doubt whether this 
 charge againtt the Englilh Gomaftah was a faft, or only a pretence of the merchant to 
 evade paying the cuftoms. — Mr. Ellis affurcd me, that he had forbid his Agents in the 
 •ftrifteft manner from any fuch praftices, and that he would fcverciy punilli the Bahar 
 Gomaftah, fhould the charge againft him prove true; and I defired the Naib to fend 
 tor the merchant and require him to prove what he declared xo the Amuldar. 
 
 Although I had not time to trace the affair to the bottom, it is very certain that 
 fome abuies muft have been praftifed, to the great detriment of this trade, by the 
 perfonji employed in the provilion of opium ; for the EnglilTi fa£lory has provided this 
 I'eafon fcarce three hundred chcfts, and the Dutch only one hundred and fifty ; whereas 
 the two factories and the French uled to purchale without ililiiculty near three thoufand chefts. 
 
 I conclude this fubjeft with acquainting you, that I made an accommodatiou between 
 the Engiifli and Dutch chiefs, for carrying on their opium purchafes for the future, in 
 concert and in the fame manner as formerly ; by which i hope all dilputes will be 
 prevented, ami both be provided with larger quantities. 
 
 With refpedt to Mahomed Ally, the Dacca coUedor, I Ihould not retufe a propoli- 
 tion i'o realbnable as what the Nabob made; that is, That he lliould have an oppor- 
 tunity of anfwering for himfelf. Inclofed I lend you copies of his addreffcs to the 
 Nabob, on the fubjcft of the complaints againft him. 
 
 Mirza Ally Reza is appointed Amcen to go and inquire upon the fpot ; and orders 
 fhould be fent to the chiefs at Dacca, Cluttigong, and Luckypoie, to produce what 
 proofs they can of the fafts complained of to the laid Amcen. 
 
 I can venture to affure you, the Nabob will not be backward in punifliing Mahomed 
 Aly, if he proves guilty. Toorutfing, the Amuldar of Tangepoor, being convifted of 
 killing Mr. Gray's Gomaftah, has received fcntcncc to be hanged at the place where 
 the n.urder was committed ; and Shyr AHv, for cnilcavouring to fcreen him, and his 
 ill behaviour to our CJomaftalis in general, will be ililmilled from his government of Purnca. 
 
 I obfcrve what you mention concerning the inland trade in your letter to Mr. Haftings 
 and me joitilly ; tlie Company's Duftuck never having been granted for thofe articles of 
 trade by any former governor, ncitiier Ihall I think mylelf empowered to grant them 
 without the orders of our honourable niaftcrs ; and therefore, to prevent our being liable 
 to have our gooils ftojJt for duties at many different places, as is the cafe with the 
 Company's merchants, 1 wiihcd to have thofe duties made up in tiic moft realbnable 
 manner into one I'um, to be paid at one place, before tlie dilpatch of the goods ; after 
 getting what informations we could, I agreed with the Nabob that they fliould be rated 
 at 9 per cent, upon the purchafe price, which being paid before the difpatch of the 
 goods, and the Duftuck of the country government taken, they fliould be liable to no 
 further demands throughout the three provinces : — You will obl'erve that is lefs than the 
 Luckcpour Gentlemen in their letter of the 6tli November laft, mention they have always 
 paid upon fait and tobacco, which arc the principal oV'jeds of this trade ; — In my way 
 
 dov.'n
 
 sd 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 37. 
 
 ^■fiown I tock an account from the agents of fome Patna and Houghly mercliants of 
 what they had paid, and were liable to i^sy, for the lalt under their chari^e ; by whitli 
 you will perceive that the fircary duties only, without reckoning the Diiltore taken at 
 the fcvej-ai .Chokc\'s, amounts by the loweft of the ieveral infoimations 10 more than 
 25 rupees per 100 maunds : — 1 have fent a copy of this account to the Nabob, and 
 recommended to free the merchants in general from fuch a variety of demands, by 
 receiving from them in like manner a reafonable rate of cuftoms in one place onlvi 
 
 . I yelterday ftnt for ■ the principal Sliroffs of the city, and enquired of them u'nv thev 
 rcfufed to exchange the Calcutta Sicxa-;, and as they are ftruck with the name ot 
 jVIurlhcdabad, hcxw they could diflingullli them from thofe which are (truck in the Mur- 
 fbcdahad mint. They replied, that the ftamps were not fo well made at Calcutta, 
 antl that the rupees for the moft part are too broad and thin, by which they could 
 eafily dillinguilli them: — I dchred Mr. Jlatfon to lend for fome ; and upon examination 
 found tlie obicrvation of the Shroffs to be very true.; however th.cy a"^rced to receive 
 them, and promi.'ed to do fo in future. The Nabob's deputy was'prclent, and allured 
 me he .would inforce it whenever Mr. Batlbn may apply to him ; but it is nccelTary 
 that our Mintnaa^er take all poflible care to make our rupees equftl in every refped; 
 to thofe of Murfhedabad, and if pofliblc fo alike, that they may not be diftinguiflied 
 one from the other. 
 
 Having- received from Mr. Arayatt the news of the Frcncli Cruifers in Balaforc 
 Road, 1 Ihall let out from hence to-morrow morning, with relays of Bearers to Mirzapoor, 
 from whence I Ihall i)roceed in a light boat to Calcutta ; i'o that 1 Ihall poHibly 
 arrive as foon as tlils letter. 
 
 , I left Major Adams at Patna, and he intends to return by the Paehaft Road. 
 
 1 have the Honour to be with Eftecm, 
 Gentlemen, 
 Coflimbuzar, Your moft obedient humble Servant, 
 
 13th January, 1763. Henry Vansittak r. 
 
 N 
 
 o. 
 
 3" 
 
 Mr. Vmiftttnrt' s Remarks on PraceecUngs of the Board, on Confultatian i February T'/d'^y Tort 
 
 I Ft I Ham. 
 
 I 
 
 Have read widi great lurpriie the minutes of your confultation of the 17th ult. upon MelTrs. 
 Johnftone and Hay's letter of the 14th, and upon the Daccn letter of the loth, ac- 
 companied with my aniwcr to the Nabob upon the lubjeft of the fuppofed reg^ilations 
 for the private inland trade ; I will endeavour to point out the Avrong you have done 
 me, and tlie injuftice as well as tlic indecency of the refleftions with which MeliVs. 
 Johnftone and Hay's faid letter is filled ; and I wonder it (Itould efcape your cenfure, 
 much more that they fliould gain upon your approbation. 
 
 Tlie honourable the court of directors, as well as their fervants here, have always 
 
 imderftood a diftinftion between the trade in articles imported, and to be exported by 
 
 iliipping, and the private inland trade; that is, the trade from place to place in the country, 
 
 in commodities produced and confumed in the country, of whicli fait, beetle-nut, and 
 
 tobacco are the chief articles. For the former trade the Company's Duftuck has always 
 
 been granted, but the latter has been carried on with the Duftuck cf the country 
 
 government, and their duties paid ; but thofe duties being different in different places, 
 
 and even varied at the fame place, according to the dilpofition and authority of the 
 
 Nabob's colkdlor, and the degree with which the Engliih Gomaftah could back his 
 
 refufal, a lixcd refolution was thought neceffary, to prevent numberlcfs difputes occal^oned 
 
 by this commerce in different parts of the province. Our honourable mafters have 
 
 cxprelly ordered in more than one of their letters, that the trade in fait and beetle-nut 
 
 Jliall not be c;uried on to the prejudice of the revenues of the country government ; and 
 
 vourfclves, gentlemen, in your letter of the 15th November, tranfmitted me a lift of 
 
 the Siiawbunder duties, paid by the gentlemen at Luckyporc upon fait and tobacco, in 
 
 order to aiiill me in finally fettling ihefe matters with the Nabob upon a folid plan : 
 
 Can that plan he folid where nothing is fixed ; and where the Engliih Cjomaftahs ihall 
 
 be under nocontroul, but, regarding thcmfelvcs far above the magtftrates of the countrv 
 
 where they refide, take upon themielves to decide not only their own riifputts with tlic 
 
 merchants and inhabitants, but thofe alfo of one merchant or inhabitant with another? 
 
 Or is it poflible the government can coUeft their due revenues in fuch cncumftances ? 
 
 The plan for carrymg on the private Inland trade, contained in my letter to the 
 Nabob, is the fame in fubftance as the articles whicli in my joint letter with Mr. Haftings 
 of the 15th December, we mentioned to have propofed to the Nabob. It is fuch a 
 jilan as fcemed to me to be conformable to the Company's intentions in refpeft to tiiat 
 trade, moft conllftcnt with the true riglits and intcrcfts of their llrvants here, and \>,l:h 
 
 coramcn
 
 APPENDIX, No. 37, 
 
 common reafoti and equity ; and I call on yon, gentlemen, in the fuft place, to prove 
 that I have allumed a right to which I was no ways autliorizcd ; that tlie regulation* 
 propofed are diflionourable to you as Englifhmen, or tend to the ruin of all public or 
 private trade; which are the terms in which you have been pieafcd to exprcfs your 
 opinion : And in the fecond place, to form a plan yourielves which fliall be more 
 conformable to the good purpofes before mentioned ; and without regard to w hich, I ara 
 perfuaded our honourable mafters will not give t!-.c fan£lion of their approi)ation to this 
 new trade. Form fuch a plan, gentlemen, and 1 will fubfcribe to you with plcafurc, 
 and engage the Nabob will do lb too. 
 
 r^ T • 
 
 for my own part, I thmk that the honour and dignity of our nation would be better 
 maintained by a fcrupulous and careful rcftraint of the Duftuck, than by extending it 
 beyond its iifual bounds ; and putting our Gomaftahs under Ibmc checks, than by 
 fuffcring them to cxcrcife an authority in the country every one according to the means 
 put into his hands, and thereby bringing an odium upon the name of the Engliih, by 
 repeated violences done bv the Enp-lilli. 
 
 The Dacca Gentlemen in their letter of the loth, reprefent, that they fliall fuffer 
 greatly if fuch regulations take place. It is not as to the duty they complain, but the 
 being obliged to apply to the Nabob's officers for Duftucks, and having their Gomaftahs 
 and lervants fubjcfled to the juri(di(^:on of the Zemindars and their Cutclicrries. The 
 CJentlemen at C.-;lcutta have never found any difficulty in getting the Houghlv Duftuck, 
 for our fak to go up the country ; nor have we ever thought it either inconvenient or 
 difhonourable to apply for it to the officers of the government : This is the only article 
 we deal in here that falls under the defcription of the inland trade : The Dacca Gentle- 
 men either do not, or will not, underftand that defcription ; they fay the chief is 
 enjoined by the governor's letter to the Nabob, not to give a Duftuck for any article 
 tiiat is the produce of Bengal, and to pay a duty of 9 per cent, to the Nabob on every mer- 
 chandize not brought in or lent by lea. The tliftin£llon mentioned in my letter to the Nabob 
 is, that all goods imported, or for exportation by fliipping, fhal! go as ufual with the Com- 
 pany's Duftuck, and be fubjcft to no kind of demands; and all goods, the produce of thi» 
 country for inland trade, fliall pay duties to the country government, and go with their 
 Duftuck. Now the principal articles of this inland trade are, as I have mentioned in all my 
 letters to the board, lalt, beetle-nut, and tobacco, produced and bought in one part of this, 
 country, and fent to other parts of the fame country for Talc and confump'ion ; articles which 
 before the troubles we were forbid to trade in, but which our influence ilnce has enabled u» 
 to deal in, altho' with many objeftions from the country government, and frequent complaints 
 from the country merchants, who ufed to live by that trade; however, it has never been 
 regarded as a part of our P'irmaun privilege, and we have been contented to carry it on with 
 the Duftuck of the country government, and paying their duties. The prcfent regulation is 
 intended only to give us a coniirmed right to a benefit heretofore always difputed, and upon 
 terms which leem to me very reafonablc. 
 
 Now as to the Gomaftahs, it is propofed in my letters to the Nabob, that orders fliall be 
 given to forbid them injuring the country people or inhabitants, or proteftingthe dependants 
 and lervants of the Sircar; that in cafe of their having a difpute with, or complaint 
 againft, any merchant or inliabitant of the country, thcv fliall lay fuch difpute or com- 
 plaint before the officer of the government, to be determined in the proper courfc of 
 the jurifJiftion of the country ; and in like manner, if any one fliould have a difpute 
 with, or complaint againft, the Ciomaftah, the Gom.aftah Ihall appear before the officer 
 of the government, to have it fettled : In both cafes, if the Gomaftuh thinks himfelf 
 aggrieved by the decifion l;e may appeal to his employer, and he to the governor at 
 Calcutta. Nothing here is meant to alFeft or can afFeft our rights over the weavers, 
 who received advances for the Companv's cloth, and who having nothing to do with 
 rents or employments under the country government, are not undcrftood to be their 
 tlcpendants or fervants, and therefore may and ought to be protefted againft any unjuft 
 clemands of the government's officers, at the difcretion of the chief of the faftory to 
 which they belong : But it is not to thefe Gomaftahs fo many adts of ojiprcffion arc 
 charged, their bulincfs is plain and llmplc ; they have only to make the uluul advances 
 to the weavers, anil fee that they perform their contracts, and being imniediatelv under 
 the eye of one or other of the faflorics, they cannot be guilty of great extravagancies; 
 the complaints come from the diftant corners of the provinces ; as Runpore, Purnca, 
 Dinagepore, Rangamatty, Gualparah, Silet, Backergunge, Sec. where if thole complaints 
 arc true, tlie Englifli Gomaftahs being under no controul of their niaftcrs, defpilc and 
 ill treat the officers of the govcrnm:nt, fet thcmfelvcs up for judges anJ magiftrates, 
 hear difputcs between the inhabitanf;, and extort lines ; force the merchants to buy their 
 goods at more than the market price, and to fell what they require as much below it : 
 The complaints I have received of this fort are innumeraljilc ; 1 have ilonc my utmoft 
 to find out the truth and get rcdrefs, and put an end to them, by forwariiing copies to 
 the chief of tlic faftory neareft the place where the caufe of complaint has arifen, and 
 delrring him to enquire into it ; but for the moft part I have got no other I'alisfaftion 
 
 Q_ than
 
 A T P E N D I X, No. 37. 
 
 than the Gomaftah's flat denial of tlie fafts : the place being very diftant, a proper examina- 
 tion of witnelles IS alnioft iinpofiib'e, either before this board, or any of the I'ubordinates.; 
 how then are fuch difputes to be fettled, or the truth difcovered ? lam far from faying that 
 • the method I have propofed is free from objections, bscauie I am fcnlible that many of the 
 officers of the government will not exercife their authority impartially, and many will gladly 
 -take every opportunity of obftrufting our Gomaftahi, and pai'ticularly in this commerce; 
 but I cannot think of a better plan; and it is certainly more agreeable to reafon, and the 
 praftice of all nations, the jur;fdiftion Ihould be in the hands of proper officers of the govern- 
 ment, than of our agents and Gomaflahs, who arc permitted to refute there only as trading 
 faftors, and where neither tlie laws of cur country nor the powers intruded to us by the 
 Company do give us any judicial authority. 
 
 1 wilh, (jentlemen, you may form a lietter plan, fmce you do not aprove of mine ; but if 
 it Ihould appear that this trade cannot be carried on witliout inverting our Gomaflahs svlth an 
 armed force, and atithority to exercife that force over the inhabitants at their dilcretion, 1 
 think it ihould be forbid; and wc content ourfelves with carrying on our trade as far as the 
 Company carry theirs, and fofar we ihall be fure of the proteftion of their forces under the! 
 diredVion of one or other of the faftories, who will be anfwerable to the board for the ufe they 
 make of tlicm, which the Gomaftahs are not, and therefore fuch an authority fhould not be 
 truflcd in tiieir hands. 
 
 Mcirrs. Johnflone, Hay, and Bolts, complain that I fent a perfon to enquire into the trutli 
 of the complaint againft the Englifli Gomallahs in the country, and they dignify a poor 
 Banyan with tlie title of an inqultitor- My letter to thofe gentlemen from Mongheer will 
 flievv the only authority with which that perfon was invefted; and as they have not laid 
 before you a copy of the letter, 1 have fubjoined it hereunto, as it is at leaft as material as 
 lome of thole pieces thev refer to. As foon as this inqufitor returns, his report fliall belaid 
 before you; and as every ftep I can take for the redrel's of the inhabitants of the country is 
 complained of as an encroachment upon the privileges of the Englilli, and alfo proves incf- 
 feftual, I fliall for the future lay all the petitions from the inhabitants before the board, 
 hoping that by your relolutions fome etfe£lual method will be provided for reftraining the ex- 
 celles of the Gomaftahs : the moft material of thofe that have lately been prefented to me are 
 hereunto annexed; and I think the putting a ftop to any abufes that may be praftifed unde-r 
 the authoritv of the Englifh flag, is an attention fo worthy of this government, tiiat one or 
 more members of the board, or fome of the fcnior fervants, fhould be fent to inform them- 
 felves upon the fpot how far the complaints are true, and make their report to the board. 
 
 Meflrs. Johnftone and Hay allcrt. That the Nabob's ordering the Rangamatty Fouzedar to 
 receive the ufual duties on goods for inland trade, is contrary to our treaty with the Naf.ob, 
 and reduces us again to thofe privileges we enjoyed before the time ot Meer Jafiicr. I have 
 referred more than once to the treaty with the Nabob Jaffier Aly Cawn, and do not find that 
 it grants us any new privileges of trade ; and Colonel Clive, who certainly undcrftood that 
 treaty as well as any one, never would grant a Duftuck for fait, or any other article of trade, 
 which had not ufually been granted by former governors. 
 
 Meffrs. Johnftone and Hay infmuate throughout their letter, in terms not to be mlfunder- 
 flood, that nry reafon for wiflting to reftrain other gcntlemens Gomafiahs, is, that my own 
 may have the more power, and procure for me the greateft profit : although 1 am fatisfied, that 
 fuch infmuations would obtain little credit, yet it may not be improper to produce fome in- 
 ftances, that I fufFer equally with otheis, when any obftruftions do happen in our trade; 
 and that I am the firft: to practifc upon my own concerns the reftraint which I think fliould 
 upon our Gomaftahs in general. For the firft, I appeal to Mr. Amyatt, whether a number 
 of boats of ialt belonging to me were ftopped at Cutvval, by the coUeftor of t!-.e Gaut, at the 
 fame with others, and detained as long. For the laft, I refer to my orders of the 17th of 
 December, and loth January, to Mr. Moore, my agent at Rungpour, and Mr. Baillie, at 
 Rangamatty ; of which copies are hereunto annexed. 
 
 As you have been pleafed to give us your opinion, that McfTrs. Johnftone, Hay, and Bolts, 
 did properly, in writing a letter-to Sheer Aly, the Fou/.cdar of Purnea, in their own name, 
 inftead of applying to the prefidcnt, of courfe every other merchant will take the fame autho- 
 rity. I am by no means lorry to be relieved from the trouble of lucli applications, yet I 
 think it my duty to give it as my opinion, that this intirc levelling and equality will not be 
 for the good of the Company's afiairs, nor the benefit of the Ibciety ;and therefore do declare 
 my difapprobation. 
 
 One reafon Meffrs. Johnftone and Hay give for writing this letter, deferves to be taken 
 notice of; an unwiUingnefs in the prefident to believe complaints of this nature. I requeft 
 the board will call on them to produce anv one inftance where I have refuted or delayed to 
 give them, or any other merchant, every affiftancethey have aiked of me, in t';c carrying on 
 their private bufinefs, and obtaining redrefs for their grievances. 
 
 In fhort, gentlemen, their letter throughout is fo injurious to me as a gentleman (to fay, 
 nothing of my ftation) that I fhould have applied to you for juftice againft them, did I not 
 perceive that inftead of fliewing your difpleafure at fuch behaviour, you have thoughtproper to 
 
 give 
 
 I
 
 APPENDIX, No. 38, 
 
 ffive it tlie fanflion of your aoproliation. I refer myfelf therefore to the honourable the 
 Court of Direflors, who, I am perUiaded, will do me more juftice. 
 
 I lliall be glad to fee tlie number of members at the board incrcafed, and wifli it could al- 
 ways iie kept lb; but if I had propofed to lend for particular members from the lubordinatcs, 
 to give their opinion on a particular fubjeft, I fliould lurcly be acculed of an intention to 
 make a majority to carry a particular point : and it is a precedent that may be at Ibmc time 
 ajjplied to tiiat purpolc, and therefore 1 think a bad one. 
 
 As to the major, he is to be a member of the board, according to our honourable matters 
 direftions, when military affairs are in debate : how a regulation of a method for carrying on 
 our trade in lalt, and beetle- nut, and tobocco, can be brought under that title, I cannot con- 
 ceive; nor how he can be lupiioled to be a judge of fuch a lubicft. Yet if you conceive his 
 advice can be of ufe, I am far from objcifling to his being preflnt. The matter in queftioii 
 is not with me a point of contefl or pn.rty ; I wiili only to fee fuch rules laid down, that the 
 Nabob and we may know our proper limits, and prevent our fcvvantsfrom tranfgrellin'r them ; 
 which will require both time and patience, and much care and attention. The heft laws 
 will be Ibmetimes tranfgrefled; but the inconveniencies which arife from fucli tranfgreflions 
 ought not to be objcSed againft the laws themfelvcs, but againft the tranfgreflbrs, who caa 
 only be reftrained by ihc conflant care of govermncnt. 
 
 No. 38. 
 Fort 7FiUic.m, 3 February 1763. 
 
 TV/T R. Amyattlays before the board the following minute, in reply to that which the prefi- 
 
 ■'■ dent delivered in, laft council day : 
 
 In confcquencc of my having prefidcd at this board during the abfence of Mr. Vanfittart, 
 I ihall now take the liberty to reply, in part, to the minute wliich he laid before council on 
 the ill in flan t. 
 
 Firll:, as to the lubjcft of his letter to the Nabob, in rel'pcft to the tranfaftion therein con- 
 tained, I lliall leave it to be debated and determined at the full board, when the reft of the 
 members arrive, and when I make not the Icaft doubt, having received the affiftance of their 
 ileliberations, but we fhall be enabled to form a il t of regulations equally cquitalile with the 
 prcfidcnt's, and every way as conducive to the intcreft of the Country government and our 
 •own; and, 1 trufl, of a much greater tendency to prevent future lealoullcs and aniiuofities 
 between ub, of which the daufe for fubjefting us lo thoroughly to their judicature mufthavc 
 proved an inexhauftible l(>urcc. 
 
 What I have therefore chiefly to point out, is, that the prefident in this tranfaflion has 
 afted without a proper authority. It was but laft council day, gentlemen, that the proceed- 
 ings in this affair were read at our board; and although I gave the greateft attention to tlic 
 perufal, I could not diftinguilh that we vefted the prclident v.ith the powers he pretends ; 
 • nay, I obfcrve that he himfelfcan only pick out one phrafe to anlwer his purpole ; from 
 perverting even the literal fenl'e of which, and entirely the well known meaning of the board, 
 he draws a fanftion of ours for what he has done. Right lorry am I to find that recourfe is 
 liad to playing upon words, becaufe I think it is a cuftom which ouglit to be utterly excluded in 
 matters lo ferious as generally prove the bulinefs of this board ; and orders from them which 
 :arc not explicit fliould rather be fcrupuloully followed, than in a vague and unlimited i'cnfe. 
 It is needlefs to enlarge much more on the (ubjeft, for our proceedings on receipt ot the ar- 
 ticles from the prelidcnt and Mr. Haftings (which we then underftood to be only propofed^ 
 plainly deinonftrate that we never gave, or intended to gi''e, them power to conclude thofe, 
 ■or any other; of courfe the prelident's doing it was an autliority affumed : but, if he could 
 lo well underftand the meaning of the board in the above particular, and aft in confequence, 
 how happens it, 1 fliould he glad to know, that their diicCtions and earneft rccoaunendations 
 for procuring rcftitution for the late lolles of any individuals, were not paid an equal regard 
 to? 
 
 Next, with refpeft to the letter delivered in by Meflrs. [ohnftone and Hay, (which I always 
 licld as a mere lecondary matter, but which 1 find the prefident has expatiated upcni very large- 
 ly) I muft in the name of the board deny tiua it met from them the approbation which he al- 
 letlges. Their minute, of which I think the I'cnlc cannot well be perverted, ferviiig no 1'urther 
 than to exprcl's their opinion, that the apolos';y of thole ger.tlemcn was, for the tranladli'Hi in 
 c]uefl:ion, to them (atisfaftory. Although I cannot implicitly agree with the prefident that ihc 
 iaid letter is filled with unjuft and indecent relleftions, yet 1 concur entirely that our hoiiou.- 
 ablc maftcrs ihould become the judges in this, as of all our other proceedings. 
 
 No. 39»
 
 I 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 39,40* 
 No. 39. 
 
 From Nabob CoJJlm Ally Cawn to Mr. Vanftttart. 
 
 February 22, 1763. 
 
 Received your friendly letter, which gave me much pleafure. You write that concerning 
 _ tlie inland trade of this countij, (that is to iay) fait, tobacco, beetle-nut, dried fifh, which 
 heintr purchafed in this country fliall be carried for fale to other parts of the country, a duty 
 of 9 per cent, was agreed between nie and you to be paid ; but that the Phouzdars and mana- 
 gers do not regard it, but that they want to put a flop to the whole trad:; likewlfe that they 
 demand duties on cloth, &c. belonging to the Company, having a duftuck with the Compa- 
 ny's fcal, and which never was known to pay duties; that Shake Hybut, a peon upon Ram- 
 kunt Holdar, your own private Gomaftah at Pantipoor, did not regard the Company's duftuck, 
 but by force took from him the amount of I lo rupees on account duties, and as yet has not taken 
 off the peon ; a!jb that Kaujah AlkaCuk, who through the means of Kaujah Warrens was appointed 
 to tranlnft vour own private bufmefs at Jangymagur, and had agreeable to the Company's duftuck, 
 provided 30 bales of Cloth, 28 of which he fent firft, and afterwards the two others ; but 
 that Mahomed Ally Ecg Tuliaidar intercepted, and detained, and demanded duties thereon : 
 and defiring I would fpcedily write very fully to allthe Phouzdars and managers concerning 
 this, not to take duties on any thing without realbn. — What you write, I underftood. — The 
 tranllaies of your Gomaftah's letter I have feen. 
 
 The whole of the difpute is this : The merchants, &c. whofe names are entered in my office, 
 always pay duties. Now you purchafc goods through their means, therefore the managers to 
 the Government know not whether the goods belong to you or the merchants. Through the 
 will of God, your Gomaftahs and houfes are every where ; therefore, why do not you pur- 
 chafe and fell goods through the means of your own Gomaftahs, and your own houfes ? and 
 if the merchants were to have no Ihare in it, no noife or difpute could poffibly arife. Goods 
 being purchafed from the merchants who always paid duties on the goods tlicy bought and 
 fold, and now do not, is the caufe of thele difputes. — Therefore you will pleafe to defer trad- 
 \vi" with thofe merchants, who from former time have belonged to the government ; then there 
 will be no difputes between your people and mine. 
 
 Inclofed. 
 
 I have wrote very fully to the managers at Nudia, Dacca, &c. not in any refpeft whatever 
 to intercept or moleft any goods belonging to the Company at any of their places of trade, 
 having a Company's duftuck with them. If any of the managers belonging to the govern- 
 ment lliould he uncertain, whether the goods belong to the Company, or the gentlemen, or 
 the Englifh Gomaftahs, and do not fee the Company's duftuck, what can I do? For which 
 leafon, ihould the managers belonging to the Sicar, if the Company's duftuck is produced, in- 
 terrupt goods, or difregard mv perwannah, the Ciomaftahs belonging to the Engiilh, through 
 vhc'r own pleafure or ])ride, will not fliew the Company's duftuck ; therefore dirc£f all the Go- 
 niofcahs very fully not to delay llrcwing the duftuck. 
 
 ^^o, 40. 
 
 InJiruSiions to Mrjjlcun Amyatt and Hay. 
 To Peter Aipyatt, and fFilliam Hay, Efquires. 
 
 Gentlemen, Fort William, the 28th March 1763. 
 
 1. T^ H E trade of our fa£tories en behalf of the Company, as vi'ell as the inland trade 
 
 ■*■ carried on by the agents and C-iomaftahs of Englifh merchants, having for fome 
 months paft met with the greateft interruptions in all pares of the country from the officers 
 of the Naboli's government, and this having further proved the fource of numerous disputes 
 and complaints on both fides; we have had under confidcration the fettling of certain rules, 
 agretab'c to our rel'pcftivc rights and prctcnfions, whereby to carry on our trade, and be the 
 means of preventing (ucl> difputes from happening in future in thefe points: We have alreadv 
 come to (bme regulations, and having the greateft reliance on your abilities, prudence, and 
 zeal, as well for the intereft of our honourable mafters, as for the welfare and goc>d of the com- 
 munity, we have tl-ought proper to depute you to mike known to the Nabob thofe refolutions. 
 
 2. In the firft place vou muft again acipaint the Naliob, that the regulations made with 
 him by tl":C prelident being dlfapproved, are of courfe become void ; and you arc therefore to re- 
 demand tlie letter which contained them ; you are alfo to infift, in cale he has not before iffucd 
 
 fuch
 
 A P P E X D I X. No. 40.- 
 
 fHch orders, tlirt lie do revoke all tliofe onkrs which he fent to his officers in coufequc-nce oF 
 the laid regulations, and inform liim, that trade is in cverv vcfpcft to !^o on in its u'lial clinn- 
 iTcl, until he (the Nabo'o) has fettled with you the buiinefs of your deputation. 
 
 3. AccompanyintT this you will receive 'Englifii and Pctfiaii copies of the phimniin, snrl 
 Huibulhool-uins and treaties, on which wc found a right to free trade; thefc we have con- 
 cluded, give us an indifputablc privilege for any of our trades, as well foreign as inland, 
 throughout the provinces of tliis Subali, free of anv deduiSlions to the country gorernnicnt; 
 you niuft therefore carefully and clearly explain to the Xabob, the tenor and fuhftancc of all 
 thofe grants, and the jufticc that it follows we have on our iidc for abiding thereby. 
 
 4. ^Vhcn you have fully allerted and convinced the Xabob of thefe our rights and privileges,, 
 you will make known to him the rcfolution of council the 2d inftant, for allowing him a duty 
 on fair, with our motives therefore; tirft, bccaufe from general inforniations taken, it appears 
 this article has fiom cuftom always paid a certain, though unfettlcd, duty. Secondly, becaufc 
 it is noi our intention through too fcrupulous an alfcrtion of our rights to detriment or din)i- 
 nilh the revenues of this government, or in any ref'peft to leflen to him the advantages reaped 
 at our hands by l;is preileceiibrs the former Suhahs ; that allowing thefeicntinients to weigh 
 as far with us as the regard for the intercfts of out employers and the communitv, and for the 
 tenor of our laid grants, will poffibly admit, we iiavc rclblved to allow liim (tb.e Nabob) a fix- 
 ed duty on the article of fait, at two and a half ]kt cent, on the Rowannah price; but as we 
 have no grounds for extending this confideration further, we cannot admit of duties being le- 
 vied on any other articles of trade whatfoevcr. 
 
 5. To alcertain the payment of this duty, and at the fame time maintain in its full force 
 the authority ot tlie Englilh duftuck, the article of fait iTiall be circulated equally with other 
 articles by means of a duftuck, and be liable to no further fcrutiny or interruption, provided 
 the Bucklbunder or Shaw bunder for the aforementioned duty appears properly granted and en- 
 tered on the back thereof. 
 
 6.. For regulating in future the conduff of our agents and Gomaftahs, and the officers and" 
 dependants ot the Nabob's government, with refpeft: to injuries cominitted on either fide, and 
 difputCi which may arifc between thcui, we have agreed on the follov;ing rules, which you 
 i:iu{i intimate to the Nabob, and as wc think they will every way anfwerthe ends required, 
 you muil acquaint him that they are therefore to be pundtually obferved. 
 
 7. The Nabob having lately afFcfted an ignorance of the nature of this government, and 
 the powers of the council, the prclident, in his anfwer, endeavoured to let him right on that 
 head ; but it will flill he necelhiry that you again explain this matter perfonally to him by 
 commifhon from the board, that future prctenfions of the like ignorance may not be the means 
 cf detrimenting our affairs. 
 
 8. There further appears in the courfe of his corrcfpondencc, certain exprefllons which 
 imply a diflidcncc of tiK; triendfliip of feveral members of the council towartls him ; thefe ill' 
 founded I ulpicions you nmft u(c your moftflrenuous endeavours to remove, and on the contrary, 
 to convince him, that wc Ihall I'C always, vvithone voice, agreeable to afTiftand fupport him and 
 his government, provided no attempts are made towards the infringeinent of our rights and 
 privileges; but that from a juft obfcrvance of them, and a flcady obedience to the repeated 
 orders of our employers, wc can never put up with attempts that liave in the imalkfl: degree 
 fuch a tendency. 
 
 . 9. M^ith rel'pcft to the regulations for trade, we tliink it will be the moft proper method to 
 have our rights acknowledged, and under the Nabob's own hand and leal, taking care that 
 there is no cxprcffions infertcJ in it contrary to the fonlc wc entertain of our rigiits by oiir 
 former grantsor treaties, or that may tend in any degree, to invalitlate'thcm. 'I'ofuch \vritin"s 
 you may accede, rcferving to us the power of finally raiiifying the fame. 
 
 10. As we think it ablolutely nccclfary, botli lor the inieicli of our affairs and the Nabob's, 
 tO'have a gentleman in the fervice, rciident at his court, wc have appointed Mr. Thoitas 
 AmphJctt to accotiipany you in the deputation, and afterwards remain with the N;;bob in 
 that capacity; you will therefore introduce him to the Nabob accordingly, and acquaint him, 
 that all tranfaftions between him and us are, after your departure, to be carried on by this 
 relident ; and tliat all ortkrs which are ill'uod through the country relating to the Kng'iih, arc 
 to be lirfl mtimated to and approved by hi in. At your departure you will leave in charge 
 with Mr. Amphlett any part of thefe indruftions which you may not be able to liiiilli, and 
 give him fuch further diroftions as you may think neccllary. 
 
 -ir. Hav'mg had repeated inflancesof the ill difpofition and bad behaviour of Mahomed Aly, 
 the collcftor of the Dacca diftridls, we here indole vou a particular proof, in copies of letters 
 Avhich he wrote to Syed Buddul Cawn ; and we mull dclire that you will inlill on liis being 
 difiniiDd fron\ his offices, and obliged to make reparation for all the lollls he has l.icen thi; 
 (Occafion of, fincc the beginning of thcfcilifturbances. 
 
 12. The orders by which we took poiTelTion of tlie lands being only Amuhiamas, wc mud 
 defire that you will apply to the Nabob for jiroper Lacquceny Sunnuds, toconfiiiii theCom- 
 
 .pany's nglu to the three provinces. 
 
 13. You MUift likcwife demand from the Nabob payment of a fum of money which hhv- 
 ukomcd'Rcza Cawn dilburlcd out of the revenues of the Chittagong province, on account of 
 
 R the
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 41. 
 
 'the Tippeza expedition : to inttruft you in which, we have ordered the particulars to betranf- 
 mitted you by the accoinptant of the committee of lands. 
 
 14. Since we began to draw up thofe inftruftions, we have received intelligence of the 
 Nabob's having publiflieda Sunnud, containing an exemption from all duties on every kind of 
 trade for the fpace of two years ; copies of the Sunnud and a Perwannah, which accompanied 
 it to Nobut Roy, the Naib of Patna, you will receive herewith ; and as we are of opinion, 
 that this ftep is taken with a defign to prejudice the Company's trading bufinefs, and counter- 
 aft the meafures we have been hitherto taking for the welfare of trade in general, we defirc 
 
 . that you will infift on the Nabob's revoking that Sunnud, and collefting duties as before. 
 
 15. We further trannnit copy of a minute entered on this day's confultation by Mefficurs 
 Johnftone and Hay, and we deiire you will make the inquiry therein recommended. 
 
 We willi you fuccclV in your deputation ; and are, with cfteem, &c. 
 
 No. 41. 
 
 To the HtnourabU Hinry Vanftttart, Efqulre, Prejident and Governor^ t^c. Council. 
 
 Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 ■VrOU R favour of the 24th ultimo we received the 2d inftant, and immediately difpatched 
 ■*■ your letter inclol'ed therein to the Nabob : as far as we can judge, he inclines not to pa- 
 cific meafures ; for fincc the receipt of your letters of the 7th and nth ultimo, he has been 
 conftantly fending troops into this city. The commanders of his forces in different parts of 
 the country hereabouts, are under orders to affemble at Patna, and fome of them aftually in 
 motion, by which it feems as if he intended a blow at this party; on that head however wears 
 perfeftly eafy, but under the deepeft concern for the fate of the city, which we are hourly ap- 
 prehenfive will be plundered by the licentious undifciplined rabble within its walls. The fu- 
 burbs are already entirely deferted, and the wretched fituation of people of all ranks is more eafy 
 -to conceive than defcribe. 
 
 Meer Mindi Cawn is the name of the perfon whom the Nabob has appointed his Naib here ; 
 but to this time he has not paid the chief the ufual compliment of acquainting him with his 
 anival. He carries on the preparations for attack or defence (for as yet we know not which 
 to call them) with more vigour than his predecsfTor, and thereby adds to the terror and alarm 
 of the inhabitants : — The night before lad the whole of his people were under arms on the 
 walls, and firing their guns and fmall arms till morning; great part of yefterday the gates 
 were kept Ihut, and the relief of our Hofpital Guard refufed admittance ; upon which 
 the chief wrote him a letter, a copy of it we now inclofe, as likewife of his anfwcr. 
 The guard has been fince admitted, but the Burbunna gate ftill remains Ihut. 
 
 It is commonly talked that the Nabob has fent this Mindi Cawn to drive out the 
 Englifh ; but your honour, &:c. will judge that there is not much danger to be apprehended 
 from a man, whole talent feems chiefly to lie in founding his own praife ; his infolencc 
 may however reduce us to the difagreeable neceflity of taking the city from him. 
 
 With the greaieft difficulty we have collcfted money fufficient to pay our Europeans 
 for this month, and our Seapoys lor March, and have not at this time a fingle rupee in 
 cafh. We therefore recjucft your honour, &c. will take the mofl. fpeedy method oi 
 lupplying us. 
 
 Wc are with refpcft, Honourable Sir and Sirs, 
 
 Your moft -obedient humbk fervants, 
 Patna, the W. Ellis, 
 
 5th April 1763. Henry Lushinctok, 
 
 Samuel Hewitt, 
 W. Smith. 
 
 No. 41. 
 
 Ttrt William Cenfultaticns, 14 J^ril 1763. 
 
 TITC board being come to concert the meafures proper to be taken, in cafe that a 
 rupture fliould happen between us and the Nabob, the feveral cafes were fully con- 
 fidered and debated on ; and the following refolutions were in confequencc planned and 
 agreed. 
 
 Although it is to be hoped that the difpntes with the Nabob will yet come to an 
 amicable ifTue, it is thought neceffary to be prepared with a plan of operations, which 
 may be moft expedient to cnfure fuccefs, in cafe of a contrary event. 
 
 It is therefore refolvcd, firft, that in cafe of a rupture with the Nabob, and the 
 Nabob fhould march towards Patna, in order to attack our troops and faftory there, 
 
 they
 
 APPENDIX, x\o. 43, 
 
 t'ney fliall endeavour to poflefs themfelves of the city, if they think they caa pon'cf> themfclvc» 
 of it without much lofs, and there remain until they receive further orders from us or 
 Major Adams ; but if they fhould by attacking the city thinit they run a rilk of 
 failing in the attempt, or loling of many men, they muft then take fuch poft as they 
 think they can bell defend thcinfelves in, and if they can, cover the faftory until thev 
 fhall receive further orders a? abovementioned ; that in either cafe tlicy nuift be careful 
 to fecure all the provifion they can of every kind, and alfo draught and carriage bullocks. 
 
 Secondly, that in cafe of a rupture with the Nabob, and he fliall remain at Mongheer, 
 the Patna party fliall aft as in the firft cafe. 
 
 Thirdly, that in cafe of a rupture, and the Nabob marches down this way, the 
 Patna party Ihall, after attacking and poflefiing themfelves of the city, move down a* 
 far as Rowoonullah, to be in greater readinefs to join Major Adams, and there wait for 
 orders from Major Adams, unlcfs from an alteration of circumflances their own difcretioa 
 fliall direft them to aft othcr%\'ifc. 
 
 That in any of the foregoing cafes thefe are our prefent thoughts-; but that wc do 
 not mean by fuch a plan to rcftrift tlieni from taking any advantage that may happen, 
 in cafe of a rupture declared. 
 
 This plan being fettled for the Patna party in cafe of a rupture, the queftion is put, 
 How they fliall be informed of a rupture, or what they fliall conftrue as fuch ? 
 
 Mr. Johnftoiic thinks the Nabob's flopping our communication by letter, and moving in 
 confequence with his army and artillery towards Patna, when there is no other enemy 
 •in the country adjacent, againfl: whom he may have caufe to move, or ought in reafua 
 to be believed, that he direfts the march of his army this way, attended by any 
 corrcfpondent aft of hoftility of his forces Itationed at or round Patna, fuch as ftoppini/ 
 their provifion or communication with the country, or oppofing our people in the 
 execution of their bullnefs ; might in the prefent circumflances be conftrued by them as 
 a rupture; and that they might iiiiinediatcly proceed to aft as direfted in the plan. 
 
 The prefident thinks, that Mr. Johnftone's propofal is extremely vague, and leaves it 
 in the power of the Gentlemen at Patna, by an error in judgment, to involve us in 
 a war, which we would rather avoid ; and therefore would propofe, that the orders to 
 the Gentlemen at Patna fhould be after this manner : That they will be inftantly 
 informed from us, if we fliould be obliged to declare a rupture with the Nabob; and 
 that therefore they muft wait for fuch information before they aft upon fuch a plan 
 laid down, keeping in the mean time well on their guard, and defending themfelves and 
 the Company's rights againft all attacks : That he projwfes thefe limited orders the 
 rather, as he looks upon the party at Patna to be of fuch a ftrcngth as to run no rilk 
 from any attack of the Nabob. 
 
 The queftion being put to the reft of the board, which of thefe opinions fliall be adopted ? 
 
 Mefl'rs. Watts, Marriott, Haftings, Carticr, and Billers agree to the prcfident's. 
 
 Mr. Batfon is of Mr. Johnftone's opinion, becaule, after the Nabob has once commenced 
 lioftilities againft us, the tying up our party at Patna from afting on the ofFcnflve as 
 •well as the defenfivc, will give him an advantage in cafes of exigency that may happen. 
 
 Major Adams thinks that the Cientlemeii at Patna ought not to commence hoftilitics 
 
 ■without the orders of the board ; but that fliculd the Nabob march a large force towards 
 
 Patna, without any apparent realon, or otherv/ife commit any afts of hoftility, that they 
 
 Mhould take any ftep for their own fecurity, even to the taking of the city of Patna, 
 
 'if it fliould be deemed abfolutely neceflary, and there defend tlicmJelves, without proceeding 
 
 further until they receive the orders of the board. 
 
 No. 43. 
 
 To the Honourablt Henry Vanfittart, EJq; Prefident^ Governor ^ Isfc. Ccundl. 
 Honourable Sir, and Sirs, 
 
 ■\X7E have received your favour of the 14th inftant, with the rcfolutions of the lioard, 
 ^ which, as far as we comprehend them, will not allow us to conftrue any aft of 
 the Nabob's as hoftile, althougli ever fo greatly tending to our ruin; but arc to wait 
 until we have notice from you of a rupture being declared, although who there may 
 be then to receive your commands is hard to fay ; but moft probably neither any of 
 us, nor of the party now here, as wc Ihall clearly cvmce. 
 
 Wc have had good intelligence (not from Harkarrahs) that if the army Ibould move 
 from Calcutta, the Nabob intends marching here to attack us ; in which cafs he will 
 inftantly remove our dawkes, and cut off all communication by that channel. It will 
 be the third day of his march before we can receive certain advice ot it, and a fingle 
 caflid will be twelve days reaching Calcutta, provided he meets with no impediment; 
 
 In; I
 
 A' •? P E N D I X, No. 43.- 
 
 ..ut it is inoi-c V'obiibk tliat at fuch a janaurc lie never gets there; and fllii more lb, 
 tnat your aiilvver never reaches us. How tlien are we to ail? This *"a£lory, it is well 
 known, is not tenable if attacked from the city, and to abandon it wi'l, amongfl many 
 oilier evils, Cjive iucli a fliock to the fpirit of our trooj>s, as may induce the grcatcll 
 part of our teapoys (in whom our principal ftrength confifts) to de.crt us, and go over 
 to the Nabob, wliere they are better enfured of luccefs, and will meet with ample 
 encouragement, which has. not been fpared, even when there was no appearance of a 
 rupture,° to thcfc who would defcrt with their arms. Another iubflantial rcaibn why 
 wc cannot leave the faftory is, our having fcnt our ammunition for its greater fecuriiy 
 in the lower part of the houlV, the magazine where it before lay being liable to be 
 "blown up by a common rocket. 
 
 But let us fuppofe for a moment, that on tlie Nabob's marching againft us wc quit 
 Vac fa£Vory and take poft, are we to facriiice our fuigcons arfd lick, who lefidc in the 
 citv ; for it cannot be luppofcd that they will be permitted to come out, or if they 
 ■could the ruiiation of moil of dicm is luch, that .they being brought into the air will 
 1)C attended with certain death ? When wc have fortified ourfelves in this poft, our 
 affairs are not at all mended; for the Nabob has only to furronnd and ftarve us, 
 vhiHl wc, dyin^ by inches, fit waiting for your orders, which can never arrive but 
 with the army, tind that at the fooncfl will be forty days after kis march from Monghecr. 
 'How are we to fubiift all this time ? The Nabob Icizcs all proviilons coming from 
 Bengal; and fuch is the Icarcity here, that had it not been for the gunge which lb 
 'mucti pains was taken to aboli'lli, we had long ere now been obliged to take up arms 
 to procure bur' 'daily fiiftcnance ; but was there plenty, we have not a rupee to purchall- 
 ■it. With the utmo<l difficulty we have fcrapcd money together to pay our troops for 
 ■'thefe two months pafl, and at this time have not lufficient to difcharge a fourth part 
 of the demands that will be upon us in a few days, although we acquainted your 
 honour, &c. of the lownefs of our cafli fo long ago as the 2d of February. 
 
 This partv, 'tis true, runs no rifqup from the Nabob, provided we are allowed to aft 
 and make tlic moft of every advantage, tliat may offer ; but if our hands arc tied, 
 "our dellruclion becomes inevitable ; luch a body as this mufl ever a£l oiFenlively and 
 ivi^oroully, • and nip the defigns of their enemy in the bud ; 'tis by fuch conduft only 
 that they can 'hope to preferve thcmlllves ; and furely it is juft and laudable to make 
 !ufe of any means providence has put in our power, to defeat the attacks of a cruel 
 and faithkis enemy. 
 
 Our "lafety lies in maftcring the city by a coup de main, before the Nabob gets into 
 ■'it ■ for afterwards it may be impraflicahle ; and the conlcqucnce of our ailing on tlie 
 defenlive, any where but in the city, we have already pointed out. Our dillancefrom 
 Calcutta is very great, and whenever the Nabob marches this way, our communication 
 will be cut off", and moft probably not opened but by your army : If therefore we 
 fliculd obey nature's firfl law, we hope we fliall not be found culpable, thougli it may 
 not perfectly coincide with your honour, &c's. orders. 
 
 Wc cannot conclude, without oblcrving to your honour, &:c. th.at wc think we have 
 '•jio ways merited the diffidence you exprefs, nor given the leaft rea!bn even to lufpcft, 
 lliat w£ would involve the Company in a war by any rafli or unpremeditated ftep ; wc 
 ■rather .think that we have given proofs of a contrary difpoiition, in bearing the many 
 infults we have received, particularly lince Mcndy All Cav.n has been appointed Naili 
 here whole people have even dared to abute and call us opprobrious names, aloud froui 
 
 the walls. 
 
 We fhall be as far as anv, to whom the management of the Company's affairs arc 
 entruftad, from bringing them into difficulties; but when it is really neceifary, fliall 
 endeavour to aft with a fpirit that becomes .fubjefts of Britain, and fervants of her 
 greateft commercial body. 
 
 Your honour, ^c's. letters are always one and often two days earlier in date than any 
 others from Calcutta, which gives the Nabob a great advantage over us in point of 
 intelligence. ^V'e therefore rcqueft you will order them to be dilpatchcd with the utmoft 
 expedition. 
 
 Wc arc with relpeft, honourable Sir, and Sirs, 
 
 Your moll obedient humble Servants, ' 
 W. Ei-Lis, 
 Patna, 24th April 1763, Hknry Lusiiington, 
 
 SAiMUEL Hewitt, 
 W, Smith. 
 
 No. 44.
 
 APPENDIX, No. 44, 45. 
 
 No. 44. 
 
 To thi Honour Mt Henry Vanfittart, Efq; Prefulent and Governor, <fe. Council of Fort JVilUam. 
 Honourable Sir, and Sirs, 
 
 ■\X7E waited on the Nabob tlic i^tli, to acquaint him of your rcfolutions ; and in 
 ^ * converfing on the different articles, we found it impofliblc to dilcufs feparately on thcni ; 
 and he denring us to writedown what he had to lay to him, we tlL-livcred to him a Perfian 
 tranliate we had made of our inftiuftions ; the lame being read, he dcfncd we would leave it 
 with him, as alio the Phirmaunds, he. which we acquiefeed to. The next evening he 
 lent his Moonfby Hafiz llVerrat Cawn to us, to defire we would fign that Perfian 
 tranliate, or draw out a lift of fuch demands as we were commiflioned to get complied 
 witii, wdiich we accordingly did, and fent it to him, figncd and fcaled. Copy of which 
 is here inclofed. We again waited on iilm this morning, to dcfire his aniwer if he 
 would comply with theic articles, and give us the fatisfaftion required ; he replied, it 
 would take up fome time to conlidcr on them, and dcfired two days to give his anfwcr. 
 We had a good deal of convcrfation with him on different fubjeds ; in which it 
 appeared, he had confidered himlelf as in a ftate of war with us tor fome time pafi, 
 and iffued orders and made preparations accordingly, whicli has been die caufe of lomc 
 of the interruptions and infults our people have met with lately ; and moft of the other*, 
 he faid, had been occafioned by Mr. Vaniittart's letter, which he then looked on as a 
 treaty the governor had been authorized to enter into with him, vvhicli caufed him to 
 fend thcfe orders over tlie country to b.is aumils, the executing of which we now fo 
 much complain of. We remarked to him many of thele interruptions we had laboured 
 under before that letter. As far as we can judge from our laft converfation, he feems 
 fomewhat convinced that our intentions are not hoflile, fo long as he doili not attempt 
 to infringe our rights, (which wc have ufed our beft endeavours to perluade liLm) and 
 gives us fatisfaftion for the loffes fuftained by, and infults offered to, the Englilh by his 
 officers in different parts of the country. This wc are in hopes he will comply with, 
 though he makes great ufc of tlic argument of his having afled by Mr. Vanfittart's 
 agreement. We cannot write you at prcfent with any certainty of his intentions, but 
 hope to be more fo in our next. We fliall again wait on him for a further convcriation on 
 the many articles he is to comply with, before the time appointed by him for giving his an- 
 fwcr, to endeavour further to convince him of the reafonable ufeofthem; when we fliall 
 mention to him the moving our troops to Patna, which hitherto we have declined on account 
 of his fufpicions. 
 
 We have the hononr to be, Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft obedient humble Servants, 
 Monghecr, the i8th May P. Amyatt, 
 
 1763- ' ' W. Hay. 
 
 No. 45. 
 
 'To the Honourable Henry Vanftttarty Efquire, Prejident and Governor, J?V. Council of Fort tPllliam. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 TXT' E have not fcen the Nabob thefe four days, lie being indirpofcd, which caufed us to 
 importune him by letters, for an anfwcr to the fcvcral demands you ordered us to infift 
 on his complying with. This morning he lent it by Nobut Roy, which, we now Snclofc 
 you. We had before flattered ourlelvcs, he intended giving us a favourable one, lhou<Th he 
 all along continued to infift on our people being the aggreffors, and complained of our leizinsj 
 his Aumils, when he was always ready to redvefs our grievances, witiiout entering into juft 
 arguments, bur confining it to occurrences lately happened, fince his orders iffued in conlc- 
 qucnce of Mr. Vanfittart's letter ; but he fcemed to agree, by his converfation, that the me- 
 thod we now wanted our bulinefs to go on in, properly oblerved, was juft; and to a])pcaraiicc, 
 lie was free from apprchenfionsof our wanting to quanci with him : That we now inuft con- 
 jecture his behaviour was only to delay time for fome purpofe or other. 
 
 The boats with the arms, for Patna, arrived here yeftcrday, and wcie flopped by tlic 
 Nabol)'s Chowkcy : we immediately applied for tlicir releafc, and gave them » Duftuck, 
 mentioning tlicy contained arms ; which they have kept, and the boats ftili continue detained : 
 the Nabob proniilcd an anfwcr by Nobut Roy, thii morning, who faid, they wetc detained 
 by aving arms in them. 
 
 The letter written him to-day wc have fent, hoping it will liavc fome cffefl upon his mine', 
 rcHefling- that our going away muft ncceffarily bring on a rapture, to prevent whicli it may 
 
 S make
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 46, 47, 48. 
 
 make liiin hearken to reafon, and {lill bebroughttocomply with the articles required; there- 
 fore, it hedefires us to ftay, and rcleafes the boats, we flia'll continue here till luch time as we 
 receive your orders how we are to aft in cafe of his non-compliance with any or every article • 
 but if he continues the lioftilc aftion of detaining the arms, we fhall move from hence' 
 either towards Bengal orPatna, as moft convenient, if we have reafon to fufpeft his wantino- 
 to flop us. ° 
 
 If you fend the army, it will be neceflary yovi take precautions about grain, which is very 
 fcarce, and none to bi; had on this fide Muxadabad, on this fide the river : we take the liberty 
 of advifing you not to think of k-nding the forces through the hills the Pachiet way, as it is 
 very unwholefome, this rime of the year, to go that way, from the exceflive heats,' as well 
 as intirruptions from the ISullahs being full, now the rains are comin"- on. 
 
 We h?.ve the honour to be, Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft obedient humble Servants, 
 Monghecr, 26th May p. Amyat. 
 
 17^3- W. Hay. 
 
 No. 46. 
 
 To the Honourable Henry VanfiUart^ Efquin^ prefident and governor, &i: council 0/ Fort TVUliam. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 TMagining we might foon be in want of money to defray our charges, we applied to the 
 Nabob for ten thousand rupees, who immediately let us have it, for which we have given 
 him a let of bills of exchange for ten thoufand Patna Sunnaut rupees on you, payable at fight. 
 Notwithftanding our repeated remonftrances to his Excellency, fetting forth the hoftility 
 of the aftion, he has not yet relcafed the boats with the arms, neither does he fliew the 
 leaft confidence in what we fay, and declares (at the fame time hinting to us the former re- 
 folution) he fiiall not put any in us, till we remove the detachment from Patna to Monghecr. 
 We beg leave to ofter it as our opinion. That the having the troops intended to be quartered 
 in this province flationed here, at his requeft, would be very advifable, but cannot be 
 thought of till fuch time as he complies with our demands, as it is probably made by caprice 
 or defign. 
 
 We have the honour to be, Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft obedient Servants, 
 Monghecr, 29 May P. Amyatt. 
 
 1763. W. Hay. 
 
 No. 47. 
 
 To the Honourable Henry Vanfutart, Efquire, preftdcnt and governor, isc. council of Fort JVilliam. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 npHE 
 
 ^yi" . . 
 
 fpondencc, in cale of a rupture: a copy of tne fame was likewile forwarded to Mr. Ellis at 
 Patna. 
 
 Whatever we urge to his Excelkncy, in regard to the relcafc of the boats with arms, or 
 the neceffity of his placing a proper confrdence in us, his general reply is, That we have 
 Icizcd hisAumils; that the words of the Englifli are not to be trufted ; and that he will not 
 relcafc the boats, till fuch time as we remove cur troops from Patna, either to this place or to 
 Calcutta, although he will take no fteps towards a reconciliation, or 10 give us (iitisfaftion, 
 yet he, upon all occafions, mentions his defire of peace: in fliort, his aim fecnis to be entirely 
 to gain time. 
 
 We have the honour to be. Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft obedient humble Servants, 
 Monghecr, 31ft May P. Amyatt. 
 
 1763. W. Hay. 
 
 No. 48. 
 
 At a conlultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 Stinlake Batfon, Efquire, prefident. William Billiers, Efquire. John Carticr,Efquire. 
 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire. Randolph Marriott, Efquire. 
 
 jDEFORE the biifinefs of the council commenced, the fecretary reported to the board, 
 that after yefterday's conlultation, having waited on the governor, to get the letter for 
 Meflieurs Amyatt and Hay tranfcribed in cypher, he exprcfl'ed his fentiments to him in the 
 following terms : That he thought the orders to Mongheer amounted almoft to a plain de- 
 claration of war againft the Nabob, and left nothing in the power of Mefficurs Amyatt and 
 
 Hay 
 
 E iticlofed is a duplicate of our laft, dated 29th inftant, on which day we fent you a 
 ^ '-ypher, made out here, whicli we imagined might be ufeful in carrying on our corre-
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4S. 
 
 Hay to treat or promifc further, even if they fhould find him in a difpofuion to conciliate, 
 neither contained any inftruftions to tliem on a fuppofition that the Nabob did leleaie the 
 arms, and not infift on the removal of the troops from Patna as a preliminary ; that the f>;o- 
 vernor therefore dircftcd the fccretary to wait on Mr. Batfon on liis return to town, and defire 
 him to fummon another council as this day, wlien he would tranfmit to the board his full 
 opinion on this fubjeft, and afterwards leave to them to fend fuch orders as thcv thou(»lit 
 proper, and that on this account he dcfired the difpatch of the letters unc^ht be delayed till 
 to-day ; tliat he the fccretary, accordingly intimated this to Mr. Batfon, wlio in confequcnct 
 ordered him to fummon a council, and delay the diipatcli of the letters. 
 
 The fccretary lays before the court the following letter, which he this morning 
 received from the governor. 
 
 To Mr. fecretary Graham, 
 Sir, 
 
 As my late indifpofition prevents my attending the board, I muft take this method of deli-ver- 
 ing my opinion upon the inftruftions which fliould be fent to Meflieurs Amyatt and Hay, in 
 anfwcr to the laft advices received from them. 
 
 If the Nabob perlifts in detaining the boats with arms, I think it muft be deemed a declared 
 act of hoftiiity, and Mcllicurs Amyatt and Hay direftcd in fuch cafe to take their leave. 
 
 If the Nabob refufcs to treat further with thole Gentlemen, without removing our ttoops 
 from Patna, by way of preliminary, I think in that cafe likewife they Ihould take their leave, 
 as I am not for confcnting to make any change in the ftation of our troops upon fuch a 
 demand. 
 
 But luppofing the arms to be releafed, and that Meffieurs Amyatt and Hay find the Nabob 
 in a difpolition to treat, without infifting on the removal of our troops from Patna, as a 
 preliminary, then I think thofe Gentlemen fliould be furnilhed with inftruftions what further 
 to fay to the Nabob; and thofe inftruftions I think lliould be, with refpcft to the troops at 
 Patna, to reprefent to the Nabob that they were ftationed there with the view of being in 
 readincfs to aflift him, wherever his affairs might require it, and that they fhould be ready to 
 aft in conformity to that as foon as the prefent differences between us were accommodated ; 
 they fliould be further acquainted to call upon the Nabob for his particular objeftions to the 
 feveral articles or demands ilclivered him ; and having tranliiiittcd the fame to the board, it 
 Ihould be conlldcred which of them are material to be infiftcd on. 
 
 Some anfwer fliould likewife be fent to Mcllicurs Amyatt and Hay regarding Mahomed 
 Ally, and the other officers of the government, at prefent kept here prifoners : the Nabob 
 lays, As we have feized them, and have them in our liands, we may take our own fatisfaftion 
 for the lofTes fome have fuffercd in their private trade; we fiionld either tell Meflieurs Amyatt 
 and Hay that we will do fo, or elfe we fliould fend thofe officers up to them, with inflruftions 
 10 deliver them uj) to the Nabob, dcfiring him to oblige them to make good fuch lofles; at 
 th.e fame time receiving from the government's officers the accounts of lofles they lay they 
 have fuffered by the violences of fome Englifh agents and Goixraflahs ; and this fecond method 
 I think the molt proper. 
 
 Neither the Company's nor private trade meets at prefent with any interruption. This is 
 an etfcntial rcafon why we ought to avoid, if poffible, engaging our employers in any expcnfive 
 -war, and involving the country in troubles to their great lofs, as v,-c'll as that of the feuie- 
 nientin general. 
 
 The low flate of our treafury, and the peace in Europe, by which the French will be rc- 
 polVclfed of their fcttleinents in this country, are in my opinion flrong reafons why we fliould 
 if pollible, keep on good terms with the Nabob. 
 
 Finally, 1 think tiiat further inftruftions ihould be fent to the gentlemen at Patna concern- 
 ing their manner of afting in cafe a rupture with tlie Nobob ihould be unavoidable, with re- 
 ference I mean to the feafon, which would prevent the troops from hence marching by land 
 to join thofe at Patna, and going uj) in boats would take \ip a long time; upon this article I 
 fubmit myfclf to the judgment of Major Adams. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 
 Your moft humble Servant, 
 
 Henry Vanllltart. 
 Tiic
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4j, 
 
 ' The fame being read, and duly confidercd ; 
 
 Agreed, that we write in confequence a further letter to Meflieurs Amyatt and Hay, ac 
 quainting them, That fuppofing tlie arms to be releafed, and they fhould find the Nabob in- 
 clinable llill to treat, without infilVing on the removal of the troops from Patna, as a preli- 
 minary, they may alFure him that thofe troops have been always ftationed there for the fc- 
 curity of his government, and to maintain the tranquility of the country, and that thev iTiall 
 ftill continue to aft in conformity to this view : That they fliall then call upon the Nabob 
 for his particular objeftions to the fevcral articles or demands delivered him, and tranfmit them 
 to us ; when we fliall confider and determine which of them are fo material as to require being 
 fl ill infilled on, and which may be moderated : That if the Nabob ihould again make men- 
 tion of Maliomsd Ally, and the other prilbners here, we leave it to them to jud'^e whether 
 we had beft profecute tlie enquiry againft them ourfelves, or fend them up to them to have it 
 finiflied in prefence of the Nabob, and to give him their anfwer accordingly : that they may 
 receive from the government's officers the accounts of any lollts thev fay they have fuilained 
 by the violences of Englifh agents and Gomaflahs, upon their being properly authenticated ; 
 and again allure the Nabob, that for whatever appears to be juft he fliall receive full fatis- 
 faftion. 
 
 On the further fubjeft of the governor's letter, the board are of opinion, That their ut- 
 mofl endeavours have been already uled to prevent the country's being involved in troubles, or 
 their employers engaged in an expeniive war, and that they can now only leave it to time to 
 fatisfy them whether thefe endeavours will prove efFeftual : That the circumftance of a peace 
 in Europe, and the fuppofition drawn from thence, that the French will obtain a re-fettie- 
 ment here, is rather a flrong realon why we fliould employ the mofl fpirited methods to be- 
 come immediately affured of the Nabob's intention and difpofition towards us, and no: delay 
 time in fruitlefs negotiation : That with regard to the laft paragraph of the governor's letter 
 referred to the judgment of Major Adams, the Major, with the reft of the members, think it 
 is necclTary to fend further inftruftions to Patna than thofe contained in the letter of vcfterday 
 to Meflicurs Amyatt and Hay, and whereof a copy was tranfmittcd to the faftory. 
 
 Wm. Billiers, 
 Warren Hastings, 
 Rand. P^Iarriott, 
 :H. Watts, 
 
 No. 49. 
 
 Tort JFilUam, i^th of "June 1763. '" 
 
 At aConfultation; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, Prefident, 
 
 ''"^VilIiam Bdlers, Efquire, John Cartier, Efquire, Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 
 Hugh Watts, Efquire. 
 
 "P ECEIVEDa letter from Mefirs. Amyatt and Hay, dated the 6th of June, advifing that 
 •*^ the arms ftill continue ftopped with a ftrong guard over them, and no difcourle con- 
 cerning bulinefs now palfcs between them and the Nabob ; that he is intircly buoyed up in the 
 notions of his own ftrength and power to oppofe our troops, and theretore to opprefs our trade 
 as he pleafes ; that no Engliih boats pafs by Mongheer but with much difficulty, and after 
 many days detention ; that daily fome aggravating circumftances or other happen to cor- 
 foborate his intentions of not complying with our demands, but really dcfigning to break with 
 us ; that they have great reafon to fufpeft the Armenians urge him on to rctufe our mcafures ; 
 that they are informed he fome days .igo received 17 chefts of arms, which were faid to have 
 come from the Dutch ; that he had ftopped fome boats of rice with an Englifli Duftuck, going 
 to our e;uns at Patna, and has detained them under pietencc of its belonging to fome mer- 
 chant of liis; that there has been many boats with ftapoys fcnt towards Bengal within thefe four 
 days, and all preparations for war arc making both at Mongheer and Patna ; that the Nabob 
 has received two Perfian letters, the contents of which theyhavenot been madeacquaintcd with, 
 and therefore dcfire they may be advifcd thereof. Their letter further ends with the fol- 
 lowing paragraph in cypher : Notwithftanding we fl\ould not think of breaking with the 
 Nabob, they think it impoflible to avoid it, and that we fhould get them out of his power 
 as foon as poffible. 
 
 In refpeft to the remark which McfTrs. Amyatt and Hay make of the two Perfian letters re- 
 ceived by the Nabob, the prefident dclires ihey may be acquainted that they were his ; one in- 
 formed
 
 APPENDIX, No. 51. 
 
 formed the Nabob of his being out of order, and the other contained (bir.c particulars of the 
 Europe news; and that all his other letters, to the beft of his recoilcftion, iiavc Ix-ca iranf- 
 mittcd through the hands of Mr. Ainyatr. 
 
 Agreed, that we write an anfwcr to MeiTrs Amyatt and Hay, adviiing them that if they con- 
 tinue to think a rupture with the Nabob is unavoidable, and lufpeit tliat he ir,av have defi-^nj 
 to detain them, or would recommend to them to tempoiize, in any manner they can to "ct 
 themfelvcs out of his hands, ^vithout declaring any thing that may give him room to imagine 
 \vc have fuch intentions ; and further acquaint them with the fubluncc ef the. preddent** 
 minute. 
 
 No. 30. 
 
 Tort Jf^i'diam Csnfultalhns 17 yune 1763, 
 
 T) ECEIVED a letter fiom MciTrs. Amyatt and Hay, dated the 8tii inftanr, acquainting us, 
 •*-^ that the Nabob has complained of our troop:;, which are gone towards Kacliar, having 
 fcized his Daroga appointed for providing allocs wood, and Elephants teeth, &c. that he ftill 
 ■continues to repeal, W« may declare to hira as often as we pleafc our pcaacful intentions, !)Ut 
 that he cannot put any conhdcnce in, or believe us, till fuch time as the troops come from Patna ; 
 ^nd that tl;cy have drawn on us a bill of exchange for Crs. 2C00, payable at todays light to 
 Mr. Thomas Amphlett, Received alfo a note in cypher, dated the iStii, adviiing us that the 
 Nabob had that day fent a thoufand horfe towards Moorlhedabad, and that powder and ball is 
 delivered to all the Naboli's forces at Patna. 
 
 Received two letters from Mr. Ellis at Patna, dated the 5th and 6th rnftant ; the firft ac- 
 quainting us, that the Nabob had fet about inveigling away our Seapoys, by promlfing the men 
 double pay and the officers promotion in rank ; and in the attempt has fucceedcd fo well as to 
 procure tlie defertion of 200 men fince the firfi: inftant, corvlifting of officers and old leapovs : 
 that in order to bring all tlie force he can againft us, he has made up matters with Kamgar 
 Cawn, and put him in polfellion of his country; and that the Seapoys who were ftationed 
 there to the number of a thoul'and, arc returned to Patna. The fecond letter advifes us, that 
 the teapoys flill continuing to dclcrt in great numl-)erR, he lias ordered the whole jxirty to be 
 in re.adincfs to march at a moment's warning, and thereby intitled them to Batta, a? the only 
 means of putting a flop to the defertion. 
 
 Agreed, we add a further paragraph to the letter for Mr. Ellis, acknowledging the receipt of 
 thele, and acquainting him, that notwithftanding the great expcnce which will be incurred by 
 putting the detachment on Batta, yet we nmft concur in and approve of that meafure, until 
 iiie prcfent difputcs with the Nabob are brought to an iffue. 
 
 -No. 51. 
 
 The iSthof June 1763. 
 At a confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquirc, Prefidcnt, 
 
 'Thomas Adams, Efquirc, Major, ^William Bilicrs, Efquire, ^John Cartier, Efquirc, 
 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, Randolph Marriot, Efquirc Hugh Watts, Efquirc. 
 
 T> ECEIVED this day the following letters from Meflrs Amyatt and Hay at Monghcer, 
 -*^ one dated the 1 ith, acquainting us that they wiili impatiently for the receipt of our orders, 
 in anfwer to their letter of the 26Th ultimo, as from that time they have not had any meeting 
 -with the Nabob, or entered on any bufincis, he always infixing on the removal of ourtroo])s 
 from Patna, and fatisfa(Stion for the grievances done him ; further that three of their gentle- 
 men having been tliat morning flopped, as they were out a riding, by a party of the Nabob's 
 horfe, and brought back to camp in a diigraccful manner, they had wrote to the Nabob on the 
 fubjcift, and Ihouid tranfmit us his anfwer. A note m cypher, of tlic fame date, informs us, 
 that the Nabob will never treat : That parties of horfe are all round them, to prevent their 
 cfcape ; and if they are detained, they defirc ivs to purfue meafurcs for tije Englifli honour, 
 without regarding them ; that 500 men arc ordered to Bengal ; that Burdwan and about Cal- 
 cutta will be attacked ; that the Nabob's forces every where are fix batt.dioiis of Seapoys and 
 30,000 horle ; that their Daukc Coflids will be drove away. Their laft letter is ilated the I 21I1, 
 and advil'es us, that the Nabob has fent orders to Shir Ally Cawn, to fend all his colle^ions 
 in grain, and to prevent any body's purchafing in Purnea ; and complains that Mr. Peacock 
 
 T h:!"
 
 A P P E "N D I X, No. 52. 
 
 'l;ss reined ail Moruni^ "[unsiulsfroin tlic Zemindar'for 5000 Rs. and that duties are demande 
 ai Bui-dwan on the clotii his pc()i>lc arc purchafing as ul'ual at KLcrpoy : It iuriljcr indoles ik 
 a copy of the Nabob's anl'wer to their lad mentioned letter, wherein they obfer%'e tjiat his 
 people, to iuftify their proceeding, iiad milVcprelented the affair to the Nabob, for that their 
 ''cniienicn who rode out had no kind of arms with them; and tliat they liave yet received no 
 lalisfiifticn for the affront : they alio inclorc uscopics of a letter, received from Patna, which 
 clears up the affair of tlie rice. 
 
 The board, having duly conlidered tlie fubftance of thcfe letters from Mongheer, arc of opl- 
 nion, that from the intelligence contained in the note of the nth, and the aggravating cir- 
 ci-.inllances which daily occur between MelJis. Amyatt and Hay, and the Nabob, it will 
 not be in their power 10 cfi'cft an acconunociation; and although we do not immediately de- 
 clare a rapture, that we ought to be provider! againrt iuch an event, and form a plan for guid- 
 ing the operations of our army, if a war docs enfue. 
 
 it is agreed, therefore, in or.'.er to form a front for the proteftion of the Company's Aurungs 
 and lands, to fecure their invcftinent and revenues in the beft manner poffible, and to endeavour 
 •to colleft what we can from the other provinces, to anfwer the expences of the war, that our 
 ■troops be inuncdiatcly prepared for taking pofl. 
 
 No. 5 a. 
 
 The 23d of June, 1763. 
 .At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 The honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, Prefident, 
 
 Thomas Adams, Efquire, Major, — —William Billers, Efquire, — John Carticr, Efquire,— 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, — Randolph Marriot, Efquire, — Hugh W^tts, Efquire. 
 
 R 
 
 ECEIVEDaletter from Meffrs. Amyatt and Hay, dated-the 14th iuftant, advifing us, 
 That it appears to them from the Nabob's difpofing of his troops, and what he has dropt 
 in converfation that he intends at the fame time attacking both Burdvvan and the troops in 
 Fatna, in hopes of fubduing them before they can be fecurcd : That he continues to treat them 
 with the greateft Jlight, tnd tiiey almoft daily meet with infults from his people: That tliey 
 are doubtful what the event may be on their delivering to him the governor's letter, which 
 exprcfsly requires the releafe of tlic arms ; as the lafl time they were widi him, he told them 
 tb.at peace or war depended on the removing our troops from l^atna, with which, if we com- 
 plied, he would then talk on bufinefs: That their gentlemen were again flopped that morning 
 at the fame Cliokcy, and carried prifoners to the Nabob tlirough his army ; for which he has 
 been pleafed to fay he has confined his people, and will give them fatisfaftion ; and that they 
 have drawn on us a bill of exchange in favour of Mr. Anfelm Beaumont for Crs. of 610. 
 
 Received alfo a note in cypher, dated the I5tii, adviling us, that they delivered the go- 
 vernor's letter to the Nabob that morning; on reading which, he immediately declared there 
 was war, but told them that they might wait till tkty received the governor and council's 
 orders, and fend him under their hands and feals the amount of tJicm, when, in cafe they 
 did not order down our troops at Patna, he would fend them paffports to go to Calcutta'; 
 -but that he would detain Mr. Hay for fccurity of his Aumils and people in our hands 
 being delivered Op; That they concluded the Nabob's view in this is principally the 
 ■fafety of Petrulc, and therefore recommended the immediate fccuring of that man, as ^Ir,. 
 Hay's only fecurity, who has agreed to remain with the Nabob. 
 
 Ordered, the Mongheer bill to be accepted and paid : And, 
 
 In ccnfequence of Meffrs .Amyatt's and Hay's rejirefentation. 
 
 Agreed, That the prelidcnt be dcfned to keep a llrift watch over Petrufc ; and in cafe he 
 iliould make any attempt to quit the fettlement, immediately to fecure him. 
 
 Received two letters from Mr. Johnftonc, at Burdwan, dated the 20th inflant, giving us a 
 particular account of the intelligence vvliicli he lias received of the motions of the Nabob's 
 troops, and their defigns againfl Burdwan province ; and therefore requefling that he: may be 
 .properly reinforced, to endeavour to render their attempts unfuccefsful. 
 
 No. 53. 
 
 I
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 55,54. 
 No. 53, 
 
 The 2cl July, 1763. 
 At a corifultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 Tlic Hoiunuable Henry Vanfitt.irt, Efquirc, PreCiJcnt. 
 
 ThouL-i Atiains, E.quire, Major, John Carnac, Efquirc, Major. Williaiiv Kil'.crs, 
 
 Etquire. John Carticr, Efquirc. Warren Haltings, Ef<iuirc. R.indolph 
 
 Marriott, Efquirc. Hugh Watts, Efquirc. 
 
 R' 
 
 ECEI VED a kttcr from Coflinibuzar, dated the aStli June, acquainting us particularly 
 with the circumftances of the fto]>page of our daii^e, ^c. that it is rcjiorted with tlicm tl;e 
 occalion tliereof is owing to Mr. Ainyatt's proceeding to Patna after ha\ii)£; been'fcfufcd leave 
 by the Nabob : that at Duckery bridge ke jnct with Ibme oppofition from the Nabob's troops, 
 but made his w-ay good; and its faid he left one gentleman a prifoncr behind : that they can 
 by no means depend upon this for faft ; but from the concurrent ciivumfcances of not iiaving 
 received aay packst from Patna thefc three days, they thought it neccifary to acquaint Us : they 
 further enclofc an indent for medicines, which they requefl may be complied with; and intonn 
 •115, that as t!ie times are to precarious they Iball not luakc any funhci advances foi- the invclft- 
 ment without our orders. 
 
 Received a letter from Mr. Johnftone at Burdwan, dated the 30th June, acquainti'ng us, that 
 t]\e inhabitants on the frontier towards Cutwall, are under great apprehensions of the Nabob's 
 people, and that 40 biixeries from Cutwall came in the night, and carried ofl one of the far- 
 mers-: He therefore requefls to know, wheiiier Lieut. Glen niiglit not advance to thcit frontier 
 with 600 feapoys; or, if we keep yet on terms with the Naboli, whether a company or two 
 might be ftationed there to clieck any difturbance to the Ryotts from the Phouldary of Cut- 
 wall ? and defircs to know further, vv'hetlicr he is to fend pay for Captain Long's party at 
 Ainhoa "- 
 
 The prefident acquaints tne hoard, that in a letter of the fame date fromLieutenant Cilen, 
 he is advifcd that the troops at Cutwall remain in the fame lituation a^i he wrote in his laft, 
 ■and are building bungloos : that he (Lieutenant Glen) thinks that the npprcheniions ol the 
 inhabitants arifes from the calling in their feapoys ; and tliat if they Iiada proper torce {fca- 
 ■tioncd in the frontiers, the heart of the province would continue quiet. 
 
 "No. 54. 
 
 The '^th juVy, 1763. 
 At a Confultatlon : PRESENT. 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vartlittart, Efquire, Prdident. 
 
 'Thomas Adams, Efquire, Major. — ■ — John Cirnac, Efquire, Major. — — William Biller?, 
 
 Efquirc. '• John Cartier, Efnuirc. ' - ■ Warren Haftings, Efquire. ^^ Randolpli 
 
 Marriott, Efquire. Hugh Watts, Efquirc. 
 
 DECEIVED the following note in cypher, direfled on the back, "To William Ellis, 
 Efquire : 
 
 " We aiemadc prifoners, as far as tlie fci/ing our boats and furfounding of uscan mtike 
 *' us; the boats with arms-were flopped a few iV.ilcs from hence. • ' 
 
 " Monghccr, the aifl. June, 1763. 
 
 " N.B. To thebffarer give ico rupees." 
 
 The prefident acquaints the board, that this note came to Wm this morning by the handu 
 of a Harcara, from wliom, upon a ftrlft examination, he received alfo the foHowing report; 
 tliat Mr. Amyatt tlifpatched at the fame time a note to Calcutta, and another toP;itna, which 
 through mifbkc of the head Hircara may have been exchanged, and occafioiud the Patna 
 note commg here : that he (the Hircara) heard the Englifli troops at Patna had takdn the city : 
 'that Mr. Lufliington came down near to Mongl;ecr with n battalion of Scapoys ; and that 
 Mr. Amyatt havmg joined him, they returned lu Patna: and that Hahadre Aty Cawrn, one of 
 the Nabob's princijial officers, had joined Mr, Ellis. 
 
 Although particulars ofthis news arc not to be depended on, yet the mernbcrs of the board 
 think it fuliicient to fliew that the breach between the Nabob and m h now irr-cp.irab!c. 
 
 No. 55-
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 46, 47, 48. 
 
 No. ^^. 
 
 The 5tli July 1 763. 
 At a Confukation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The honourable Kenry Vanfittart, Efq; Prefident, 
 
 Thomas Adams, Efq; Major, John Carnac, Efq; Major, William Billcrs, Efqujrc, 
 
 John Cartier, Efq; Warren Haftings, Efq; Randolph Marriot, Efquire, 
 
 Hugh Watts, Efq; 
 
 RECEIVED two letters from Mr. Amyatt, the {ivQ. dated from Siepgunge the 25th 
 Tune, advlfino' us, that from all the Nabob's aftions Mr. Hay and he judge that ^e 
 intends war, and that he will attack out troops at Patna : That, four days before the 
 date of his letter, an Armenian commander, with a flrong reinforcement of horfe, foot, 
 and cannon, went to Patna : That the Armenians folely manage him, and urge the 
 difputes. The laft is dated from Looty, the 30th June, and adviles us, that on his ^i 
 
 arrival at Coffimbuzar faftory, he fliall comply with our orders of the 23d, and proceed ■! 
 
 himfcif to Calcutta, if confiftent with his fafety ; that the Nabob has fent a man with- tI| 
 
 him and o-iven Iiim a Duftuck for him and his party to proceed to Calcutta. 
 
 Agreed we write an anfwcr to Mr. Amyatt's letters, acquainting him, that as our intelli- 
 <Tencc of yefterday lias proved falfe, we Ihall fufpcnd our determinations until his arrival ; 
 and that we therefore defire he will proceed to Calcutta as faft as poflilile, either without 
 his party, or witii fuch a part of it as he Ihall elleem neccliary for his fafety. 
 
 Henry Vanfittart, 
 W. Billcrs, 
 Warren Haflmg?, 
 Ran. Marriott, 
 H. Wats. 
 
 No. 56. 
 
 The 6th July 1763. 
 At a Confultation ; P R E S E N T, 
 
 Tlie honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efq; Prefident, 
 
 Thomas Adams, Efq; Major, John Carnac, Efq; Major, William Billers, Efquire, 
 
 John Cartier, Efq; Warren Haftings, Efq; Randolph Marriot, Efquire, 
 
 Hugh Watts, Efq; 
 
 ATE laft night we received a letter from CofTunliuzar, dated the 3d, advifing 
 us, that Mr. Amphlett's confumah had juft made his efcape from his Mafter's 
 Budoerow, and brought them accounts, that Mr. Amyatt, attempting to go there, was 
 flopped, upon which he made fome refiftance : That Lieutenant Cooper and fomc Seapoys 
 were killed, and the whole made prifoners. 
 
 Tlie prelident further reports to the board, that this morning the two packets difpatchcd 
 ro Coffimbuzar the 2d and 3d, were returned from Agur Deep, with a letter from the 
 writer of the Daukes at that Chokey, advifing of all the Chokeys between that and 
 Coffimbuzar being drove away ; that he had heard Mr. Amyatt and liis party were attacked 
 by the phoufdar of Rajamaul's people ; that one or two Gentlemen Iiad been killed, and 
 the reft taken prifoners ; and that he was informed Mahomed Tucky Cawn had received 
 orders to furround Coflimbuzar faftory. 
 
 After this the board are unanimoully of opinion, that they have no further rcfolutions, 
 but to make the beft ufe of our forces, for bringing the war to a fj)cedy concluhon, 
 and firmly eftablifliing the Nabob Meer Jaffier again in the government. 
 
 No. 57. 
 
 Th€ 7th July 1763. 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efq; Prefident, 
 
 Thomas Adams, Efq; Major, John Carnac, Efq; Major, William Eillerf, Efquire, 
 
 John Cartier, Efq; Warrea Haftings, Efq; Randolph Marriot, Efquire, 
 
 Hugh Watts, Efq; 
 
 •p ECEIVED a letter from Mr. Johnftonc at Burdwan, dated the 5th, inclofing the 
 ■*^ following note from Mr. Motte : 
 
 ^r. 
 
 L
 
 A P P K N D I X, No. 58. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 T have jufl received advice, that yefterday Mr. Amyatt's party on their return from 
 Monghccr were attacked, and put to the fworcl, by Mali'imed Tuckey Cawn. Two 
 <:i<:ntleinen much wounded are elcaped to Maliutter, ' and 1 have fent palankeens to fetch 
 them hither ; who they are, I know not ; but they arc in a moft milerablc condition. 
 1 hear ahb, Colllnibu/,.ir factory is furroundcd. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 Kcwgong, the 4th July 1763. Your moft humble Servant, 
 
 T. Motto. 
 
 Alio, another letter from him, dated the 6th, confirming the mclancliolv news of 
 Mr. Amyatt's party being cut off by the Nabob's people, in proceeding from Moradbaig 
 to the faftory at Coffimbuzar, as it has been related to him, by a Harildar and Seapoy 
 of the grenadier company, who have cfcaped, and were witneffes of what palled. Tlie 
 Gentlemen of the deputation to the Nabob (Mcer jaflicr) report to the board, that 
 they waited on him again this morning, and delivered him the articles copied in the 
 Perll.in language, which he partly read; but before he would proceed further, ftil! requiring 
 that Nurfdcomar might be appointed to his affiftance ; they applied to the governor for 
 his releafe, who immediately ordered it, and they prefented him to the Nabob. That 
 he then pcrufed the articles with Nundcomar, and agreed to them under a few exceptions, 
 whieli he laid, he would fpecify in a copy which he would hiinfelf draw up, and promil'ed 
 to iign and ratify them as fooa afterwards as they could be got ready. 
 
 Agreed therefore, that the treaty be made ready for figning as foon as poflible ; and 
 that in the mean time the following proclamation be engroli'ed fair, and to-morrow 
 ligned and publifhed throughout the town. 
 
 No. 5R. 
 
 Copy of the Proclamation of the Nabob Alter JaffeY. 
 
 Confultatlon, 'jth July 1763. 
 
 'T'HE Nabob Meer Mahomed Coflim Alice Cawn having entered upon and committed 
 ■*■ afts of open hoftility againft the Englifli nation, and the intereft of the Englifh 
 United Eaft India Company, we on their behalf are reduced to the neccffity of declaring 
 w»r againft him ; and havmg come to a refolution of placing the Nabob Metr Mahomed 
 JafTier Cawn ]>ahader again in the government, we now proclaim and acknowledge him 
 as Subahdar of the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa; and further, as the faid 
 CoHim Allee Cawn has likewifc excrcifed afts of violence and oppreflions over niany 
 of the principal merchants and inhabitants of the country, to their entire ruin, we do 
 hereby require all manner of perfons under our jurifdiftion, and alfo invite all other 
 officers and inhabitants of the country, to repair to the ftandard of Meer Mihomcd 
 Jaffier Cawn Bahader, to aflift him in defeating the defigns of the faid Cofhm Allee 
 Cawn, and finally eftablifliing himtelf in the Subahdarree. 
 
 Given in Council at Fort William, the 7th day of July 1763, under our hands 
 and the feal of the faid United Eaft India Company. 
 
 Henry Vanftttarf. 
 — Thomas Adams. 
 
 \ John Carnac. 
 
 I Stanlakc JJatlon. 
 
 / William Billiers. 
 
 John Carrier. 
 ■Warren Haftings. 
 John Graham, -.Randolph Marriott 
 
 Secretary. Hugh Watts. 
 
 U N^ 
 
 57.
 
 A :P P -E N D I X, No. 59. 
 
 No. 59. 
 
 The 8di July 1763. 
 At a Confultat.ion ; PRESENT, 
 • The lionourable Henry Vanfittavt, Elq; Preudent, 
 
 ■ TliOii?as Adams, Elq; Major, John Carnnc, EUj; Major, William Billers, Efquire, 
 
 John Cartier, Elq; Warren Haitings, Elq; Randoli^h Marriott, Eiquire, 
 
 Hugh Watts, Elq; 
 
 "R E C E 1 V E D the following note from CoiTmibuzar, dated the 4th July, at ten at night. 
 Honourable Sii- and Sirs, 
 • We yefterday infoiined you of the fate of Mr. Amyatt and his party. We were then 
 in expeftation of bein^ furroundcd ; and now forces are all around us with cannon, and 
 v.'e expeft to be attacked before morning. We do our heft to keep the faftory till relief 
 can be given us, to v. lich purpolc we have wrote to Amboa, or where the party reported to 
 
 hcmarched may be. n Q- i Q- 
 
 We arc, honourable bir and birs, 
 
 6 or 7,coo m^n ai" ■ 8 pieces Your moft obedient humble Servants, 
 
 cannon now are eu the road, John Chambers. 
 
 'tis laid. . . j- ^- I^yon- 
 
 Read a""ain the tr;;;i iition of the letter, received lafl: night from the Nabob Coflim Aly 
 •Cawn; which havlni; i)t;ewilc coniklercd, 
 
 The board are of cir.alon, that it leaves no room to doubt that our troops at Patna have 
 
 : nlct with a defeat ; and therefore think that Major Adams fliould be inftrufted to proceed 
 
 -with caution, and leave nothing in his rear which may in any manner endanger the fettlVraent. 
 
 The proclamation drawn uj) laft nigiit, being wrote fair, <Vas now laid before the boanl ready 
 
 ■foi'fi"'ninf' ; wheicu(>on the prcliticnt and Mr. Haitings entered the following minutes : 
 
 The prefidcnt, fenlible that it will be more for the public fcrvice we lliould a|>j)ear unanimous 
 in every mealurc now entered upon for profecuting the war againft Cofiim Aly Cawn with the 
 utmoft vio'our, and fupporting the alliance with Jafficr Aly Cawn, to rc-eflabliili him in the 
 •T^overmnent ; and particularly, that it will be a fatisfafiion to the Nabob Jaffier Aly Cawn ; 
 • conlents to ii"'n the proclamation, and all other public deeds which fliall be made in con- 
 fequence : Now recording once for all, that he does not mean hereby to prejudice his former 
 declarations and opinions entered on the conlultations. 
 
 Mr. Hafting's Minute 
 It is lontr fmce I forelwded that our difputes with the Nabob would terminate in an open 
 rupture; but as from ihe ill opinion which I had of his flrength, I cxjjefted that our con- 
 rentions'with him would be of a very Ihort duration, nor othtrwife affcft the intereft of the 
 Comuany than in the further ill conleouences of a broken and diiordercd ftate ; and as I had 
 not tlie fame tie upon me with tlie prelident, with refpeft to any military charge, it was my 
 refolution, as loon as war Ihould be declared, to reiign the Comjiany's fervice, being unwilling 
 on the one hand to give authority to paft nieafures of which I difapproved, and of a new 
 effablilhment whichi judged detrimental to the honour and interclls of the Company ; and 
 apnrehenfive on the other, that my continuance at the board might ferve only to prejudice 
 th.-in advance the good of the fervice, in keeping alive, by my prefencc, the difputes which 
 have lb long diuurbed our councils, and retarding tiie public bullncfs by continual dilfti'.rs and 
 protcfts : But fince our late melancholy advices give us reafon to apprehend a dangerous 
 and troublefome war; and from the unparalleled a£ts of barbarity and treachery with which 
 It has opened on the part of the Nabob, it is become the duty of every Britifh fubjeft to unite 
 in the lupport of the common caufe ; it is my intention to join my endeavours for the good 
 of the fervice, not as long as tiie war fl\all lail, but as long as the troubles confequent from it 
 may endanger either the Company's affairs or the lafety of this colony : On the fame 
 principle, and to remove every appearance of dilunion amongft curlelves, I will freely fe: my 
 hand to the declaralion publiihed by the board; though I ff ill abide by the fentiments which I 
 have all along expreffed in the meafures taken in the courlc of all our difputes with the Nabob 
 here, by contirming all that I have declared in my former protefts and minutes, which Hand 
 upon record m' our conlultations. 
 
 Thcfe minutes being entered, the. proclamation was figncd by the whole board, as recorded 
 on laft night's confultation. 
 
 No. 60. 
 
 The 9th July J 763. 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 The honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efq; Prefident, 
 
 John Carnac, Efq; William Billers, Efq; John Cartier, Efq; Warren Raftings, Efq; 
 
 -Randolph Marriott, Efq; Hugh Watts, Elq; 
 
 Eceived a letter from Mr. Johnftonc at Burdwan, dated the 7th inftant, acquainting us, 
 that he had received advice of Coffim Aly Cawn's having lent Camgar Cawn with a 
 detachment of 6,000 hoife and 5,000 foot by the way of the hills to enter Burdwan ; and that 
 if he drives us out of it, he is to have the Zeinindarry of Beerboom. 
 
 No. 61.. 
 
 R
 
 APPENDIX, No. 6i, 62, 6; 
 
 The nth July 1763. 
 
 No. 61. 
 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Elquire, Prcfident, 
 John Carnac, Efquirc, 
 William Billers, Efquirc, 
 John Carrier, Efquire, 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Hugh Watts, Efquire. 
 
 'T^HE treaty with the Nabob Myr Mahomed Jaflier Cawn having been finally executed 
 •■• yefterday between him and the members of the council, is now brought in and read at 
 the board. 
 
 Ordered, That a copy of it be here recorded, and the original dcpofited with the 
 other treaties. 
 
 No. 62. 
 Extradl from Mr. FuUcrton's Letter to the Board. 
 "XTR. Ellis, with the reft of the gentlemen, were inhumanly butchered by Shimroo, who 
 ■^ ■*■ came that evening to the place with two companies (he had, the day before, fcnt for 
 all the knives and forks from the gentlemen) he furrounded the houfe with his people, and 
 went into a little outer fquare, and fent for Mcffieurs Ellis, Hay, and Lufhingcon, and with 
 them caiuc fix other gentlemen ; who were all terribly mangled and cut to pieces, and their 
 bodies thrown into a well in the fquare, and it filled up; then the fcepoys were fent into the 
 large fquare, and fired on the gentlemen there, and rufhing upon them, cut them into pieces 
 in the mofl inhuman manner, and they were thrown into another large well, which was 
 likewife filled up. 
 
 The 7th, the Nabob fent for me, and told me to get niyfclf in readinefs to go to Calcutta, 
 for that though he had been unlucky in the war (which he allertcd with great warmth had not 
 been of his feeking, nor had he been the aggrefTor, reproaching the Englifh with want of 
 fidelity, and breacii of treaty) yet he faid he had flill hopes of an accommodation. He alkcd 
 me, what I thought of it? .1 told him, I made no doubt of it. When fome of his people 
 who were prefent mentioned the aftair of Mr. Amyatt's death, he declared that he had never 
 given any orders for killing Mr. Amyatt. but after receiving advice of Mr. Ellis having 
 attacked Patna, he had ordered all his fcrvants to take and imprifon all the En<flifh in the 
 provinces, wherever they could find them ; he likewife added, that if a treaty was not fct 
 afoot, he would bring the King, the Morattas, and Abdallas, againfl us, and lb ruin our 
 trade, &c. He had finifhed his letters, and ordered boats and a guard to conduct me, when 
 upon the advice of fome of his people lie flopped me, and faid, there was no occafion for me 
 to go. After his fending for me at firfl, he ordered the feapoys, in whofe charge I was, to go 
 to their quartets, two Moguls and twelve Hircarras to attend me, but to let me go about the 
 city where I pkafcd. I then applied for liberty to flay at the Dutch fadory, which was 
 granted. I applied to Mendee Alice Cawn for his interelt in behalf of the gentlemen in tiie 
 Chelfton, who were fevcn in number, and were not killed till tlie 1 1 th of Odtober ; but when 
 he was petitioned about them, he gave no anfwer ; but lUU fent orders to Shimroo to cut 
 them oft'. 1 likev/ife applied to Alice Ibrahim Cawn, who interceded for them; but he gave 
 him no anfwer cither, though I was prefent when Ibrahim Cawn petitioned for them. 
 
 The i4ih of October, on the approach of our army, Coifim Allee decamped with his 
 troops in great confufion, and marched as far as Fulwarre, five cofs to the weflwanl of 
 the city. The Hircarras that were with me having no orders about me, I gave them fome 
 money, which made them pretty eafy. 
 
 The 25th, after giving money to a jemmatdar, that had the guard to the weflward of the 
 Dutch factory, by the river fide, I fet out in a fmall pulwar, and got fafe to the boats under 
 command of Captain Wcdderburn, that vrere lying oppolite to the city, on the other fide of 
 the river; and at eleven o'clock that night, arrived at the army under the connnand of 
 Major Adams, lying at Jonfy. 
 
 No. 63. 
 
 Fort William Confultations, 17th September 1763. 
 
 Letter from the Governor to Coflim Ally Cawn. 
 
 T Have received from M.ijor Adams the copy of your letter to him, dated the hid of SiifFer. 
 ■■• Mr. Amyatt and Mr. Hay were fent to you as cmbafl'adors, a title f.icr«d among all 
 nations, yet in violation of that title you caufe Mr. Amyatt to be attacked and killed on his 
 return, after having given him your pafTports ; and Mr. Hay you unjuftly kept as a prifoner 
 with you: — You furrounded and attacked our factory at Coffimbuzar, and carried away our 
 gentlemen from thence prifoncrs, in a mofl difgraceful manner, to Moiighcer, although they 
 
 Y had
 
 APPENDIX, No. 64. 
 
 had no concern in the war, nor refifted your people. In like manner, in all other parts 
 you attacked the Englifh agents, who were carrying on their trade quietly; fonie you 
 killed, and fomc were carried away priloners, and their effeds every where plundered: — After 
 thefe proceedings, do you afk for what reafon Major Adams was fent with an army? — You 
 know the laws of God and man. It's you declared you would turn the Englifh out of the 
 country, and had proceeded as far as you could towards it; it became necefiary for us to take 
 mcafures for our own defence, and for the care of our own reputation : thanks be to God that 
 fucccfs has attended our army thus far ! and they will continue their march in the fame manner 
 as far as the CarramnafTa, that the country may be freed from difturbances, and the inhabitants 
 relieved from the horrors of war. And although we are {hocked, as muft all people, of all 
 religions and all nations, at the revenge which you threaten to take upon the lives of our chiefs, 
 who have been unfortunately and unjuftly taken prifoners by you, yet the honour of our nation, 
 and the interefts of the Company will not be facrificed to this confideration, nor the operations 
 of the army flopped. To put prifoners of war to death, is an adt which will appear {hocking 
 and unlawful, not only to Chriflians and Muflelmen, but to the moft barbarous Pagans ; fuch 
 fcntiments are no where to be met with but among the beaflrs of the field. After the battle of 
 Ouda Nulla above a thoufandof your officers and men were prifoners in the hands of Major Adams, 
 who releafed them without the leaft hurt or injury: — RefleiSt on this, and on your own 
 charaifter, both in this world and the next; and rtnicmber alfo, that if you had followed my 
 advice, this war would not have happened. 
 
 No. 64. 
 
 The Mongheer Treaty. 
 
 THIRST, That for all trade imported or to be exported by {hipping, the Company's dufluck 
 ■*■ fhvdl be granted, and it {hall pafs unmolefled, and free of cufloms as ufual. 
 
 Second. For all trade from one place in the country to another, in commodities produced 
 in the country, as fait, beetle-nut, tobacco, &c. the Company's duftuck fhall not be 
 granted; but it {hall go with the duftuck of the buxbunder, {hahbunder, or other officer of the 
 country government. 
 
 Third. That at the time of taking out the faid duftuck, and before the difpatch of the goods, 
 the duties fhall be paid according to the rates which {hall be particularly fettled, and annexed 
 to this agreement. 
 
 Fourth. That the faid duties foto be paid before exportation fhall be the whole that are to be 
 paid ; fo that after the difpatch of the goods, nothing fhall be paid at any chokeys in the road, 
 nor at the place of fale. 
 
 Fifth. That all the goods being furnifhed either with the Company's duftuck or that of the 
 government, {hall meet with no obftruftion or delay. The guards and chokeys on the road 
 Ihall have nothing more to do than to demand a fight of the duftuck, unlefs they {hall obferve 
 the boats to be laden with a larger quantity of goods than are mentioned in the duftuck ; in 
 which cafe they are to give immediate notice to the ncareft Englifh fa£tory, as well as to the 
 neareft officer of the government, that orders may be fent to have a ftriiSl examination ; but they 
 are not to detain them in the road. 
 
 Sixth. If any one fliould attempt to pafs goods without a duftuck, either from the govern- 
 ment or the company, or {hall clandeftinely procure a company's duftuck to pafs fait, tobacco, 
 or other produce of the country, from place to place for inland trade, fuch goods {hall be 
 feized, and confifcated ; the guards and chokeys in the road are to ftop them, and to give notice 
 to the neareft Englifh faftory, as well as the neareft officer of the government. 
 
 Seventh. If any perfon not having a duftuck fhall attempt to pafs boats or goods clan- 
 deftinely, under the cover of, and in company with, other boats or goods having a duftuck, 
 fuch boats or goods fo attempted to be pafTed clandeftinely, fhall be feized and confifcated. 
 
 Eighth. The gomaftahs in every place {hall carry on their trade freely, and as merchants ; 
 and {hall on no account ufe force in buying or felling : if any difputes arife in the courfe of their 
 bufmefs, they fhall not attempt to redrefs themfelves ; but {hall make their complaints to the 
 fouzedar or other officer of the government, and have the matter tried before him: in like 
 manner, if any merchant or inhabitant fhall be aggrieved by any Englifh gomaftah, he fhall 
 make his complaint to the fouzedar, or other officers of the government ; and the gomaftah 
 being duly fummoned fhall appear before him to anfwer to the charge, and have the matter 
 determined. 
 
 Ninth. To deter the fouzedars, and other officers of the government, from being guilty of 
 any partiality, they fhall be enjoined to tranfmit to the Nabob copies of their proceedings, upon 
 all trials where Englifh agents or gomaftahs are concerned ; and likewife to give a copy to the 
 agent or gomaftah, who, if he thinks himfelf aggrieved, may fend the fame to his principal, and 
 he may make his complaint to the Prefident, who, if the cafe requires it, will apply to the 
 Nabob for redrefs ; and when any fouzedar or other officer of the government {hall prove guilty 
 ef fuch partiality, the Nabob {hall punifh him in the moft exemplary manner. 
 
 No.
 
 A r P E N D I X, No. 6s, 66. 
 
 No. 65. 
 Mr. Amyatt's Minute. 
 
 Fort William, the 5th April, 1-^62. 
 'TpHE minute given in by the Prcfident the 22d March, has not in the leaft altered the 
 ■•• fentiments of Mr. Amyatt, in regard to the demand propofed by him to be made from 
 Coflim Aly Cavvn, of the twenty laaks of rupees for the ufe of the Company, as he finds 
 nothing in the minute to invalidate the reafon which induced him to propofe that the demand 
 fliould be made ; nor did any minute or cxpreflion of Mr. Van Sittart's ever imply fuch money 
 was not to be received, but the contrary ; and only refted the payment of it to the Nabob's 
 generofity, after his other expcnces were defrayed, which was not rilking much ; for wliilft we 
 remain fo powerful in this country, fuch a promifc the Nabob will look on as binding as a bond ; 
 and the taking a bond might bear a bad appearance ; for it's acknowledged that a paper was 
 received from him, containing a promife of 20 laaks of rupees to Mcll'rs. Van Sittart, Calllaud, 
 Holwell, Sumner, and M'Cjwire. Now it's not to be imagined he would have offered fo larre 
 a fum to thefe gentlemen, to the exclufion of the other members of the council and feleiit 
 committee (an otier before unprecedented) but as a conlideration to engage them to conclude 
 with him a treaty, from whence he was to reap fo much advantage, without reward to the 
 opinions of the reft of the board : as therefore they could have no rigiit to receive money upon 
 fuch terms, and Mr. Amyatt is willing to believe they have not, if they thought proper of 
 themfcives to fign a treaty on the part of our honourable mailers, the coiifideration for io doing 
 ought to be paid to thole who were to be the only lol'ers in cafe of ill confequences arifin? 
 therefrom. The parallels between the prefcnt received by Mr. Amyatt in common with the 
 whole board, as well as with the army and navy, and this of twenty leak, intended for five 
 gentlemen only, is as unjuft as it would be to make a parallel between the two revolutions- 
 the one eftabliftied in confequencc of the overthrow of a common enemy, the other in dirtdt 
 breach of the former engagements ; the aft of only part of the council, and to which, had all 
 its members been confulted, the majority would probably have objected. Mr. Amyatt w flies 
 he could agree with the Prcfidint, that the Nabob is welldilpofcd towards us: if that were the 
 cafe, there would be no neceffity at this time of our fending Mr. Haftinffs up to him- the 
 whole tenor of his conduct demonftrates the contrary ; he is keeping up and daily increafing a 
 rabble of an army at an immenfc cxpence, which he can do from no other motive than from 
 diftruft, and a dciirc of being independent of us ; as he may command, by virtue of the treaty 
 the fervice of our troops for all occafions : he now remains at the extremity of the country 
 through his fufpicions of us ; and, in order to be at a greater diftance from our fcttlements has 
 determined on removing the feat of his government to i<ajahmahal; and indeed it is no wonder 
 he fhould entertain thcie fuipicions, as he can have no fecurity that we will keep our faith with 
 him better than wcdid with his father-in-law; to whom we were bound by engan-cmcnts more 
 folemn than thofe hnce entered into with him ; nor can he ever acquit himfelf of his treachery 
 
 to Jaffier Aly Cav.n, which muft ever keep alive the fufpicions now burnino- in his breali. ■ 
 
 Mr. Amyatt does not allow the fmalleft degree of merit to Coflim Aly Cawn for havin-r 
 difcharged the payments due to the Company and his troops: his being in a condition to do Io 
 was entirely owing to the happy change of afi^airs, by the defeat of the Shahzadah : the fame 
 fuccefs would have equally enabled Mccr Jaffier to do fo. But moreover Coflim Aly Cawn has 
 taken the opportunity of the tranquillity of the country to commit the moft unheard-of exaftions 
 and oppreflions, and (as a farther proof of his regard for us) more particularly a"ainft fuch as 
 were our avowed friends, Ramiiarain with many others are now the unhappy inflances thereof - 
 by the giving up of whom, and becoming in every thing fincc fubfervient to the Nabob's views* 
 without keeping up any inLereft cr friendfliip with any other of the Icadinp- men in the country 
 there is not a man of any rank or conlequence that dare fo much as vilit or have the lealt 
 connedtions with any of our chiefs or commanders, as their letters to this board at difFerent 
 times teflify. 
 
 No. 66. 
 Fort William Confultation, 4th July, 1763. 
 ly/TAJOR Carnac now delivers in his opinion, in the manner following, viz. 
 
 " Though Major Carnac entirely difapproved the revolution in favour of Coflim Aly Cawn, 
 " and did not deem the authority, by which it was effected, fufficient, from a conviction, if 
 *' the whole council had been confulted, the majority would have been againlt it ; yet, from 
 ♦' the moment we had the advice of our employers having acquiefced therein, it became our 
 «' common duty to fupport to the utuioft the new Nizam, fo long as our rights and privileges 
 " were not infringed by him ; and the Major can (afely aver, no perfon at the board is more 
 *' truly concerned than himlelf at the meafures we are under the iudilpenlablc neeeflity of 
 " taking. The Nabob Coflim Aly Cawn has, for fome time paft, fhewn fuch an indifpoh- 
 ♦' tion towards us as would render it the height of felly to place any confidence in him ; and, 
 
 " hov/evcf
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 ' however Inclined the board have {hewn themfelves by their long forbearance, and their 
 ' fending deputies, to the eftablifhment of a mutual friendfliip, he has, by his late ads, 
 ' abfolutely put it out of our pov/er, confidently with honour, to come to an accommodation 
 
 • with him J we (hall therefore be juftified to the Company and the world, in exerting our 
 ' endeavours for the rcftoration of Meer Jaffier, an atonement which Major Cainac looks upon 
 ' as due to him for the injuftice which he thinks was done him in dcpofinghimj and he is of 
 ' opinion he fhould be proclaimed at Calcutta, and taken up by Major Adams to Moorfheda- 
 ' bad, and there placed upon the Mufnud ; and that a manifefto Ihould be publifhed, fetting 
 ' forth the reafons for the change of government ; and there is no doubt but that as 
 ' Meer JafEer, from the confideration in which he has for many years been held, mufl: have 3 
 ' number of friends, feveral of the moft confiderablc perfons in the country will flock to his 
 ' ftandard. 
 
 " Major Carnac begs leave to fubmit to the board the terms v^hich, in his opinion, 
 ' ftiould be made the ground work of a treaty to be concluded between us and the 
 ' Meer Jaffier. 
 
 " The confirmation of the ceffion of the three provinces of Burdwan, Midnapore, and Chit- 
 ' tagong, with this alteration, that they be now made over to us in property, inftead of their 
 
 * revenues only being alligned to us, as is the cafe atprefent. 
 
 " An univerlal freedom of trade to be allowed us, and the other privileges which the deputies 
 ' were commiffioned to demand of Cofiim Aly Cawn. 
 
 " The defraying the cxpcnces of the war, and a full indemnification to be made to the 
 ' private fufFcrers, as well as to the public, for all loffcs fuft lined. To enable Meer Jaffier to 
 ' do fo immediately, the treafure of Coffim Aly Cawn, if laid hold of, to be put into his 
 ' hands; but in cafe of failure herein, the revenues of the NuJdea province to be mortgaged 
 ' to us till every body is reimburi'ed. 
 
 *' The farm of the Purnea Petre to be given to the Company. 
 
 " The ill confequence of fufFering an overgrowth of power in a Nabob being but too 
 ' apparent, hefliouldin future be limited in the number of his forces, as to be oblig-d to have 
 ' his main dependence upon thofe of the Englifli : the principal of our troops {houlJ therefore 
 ' be ftationed at Burrumpoor (where there is a piece of ground already marked out and given to 
 ' us) where prof)er cantonments may be erected for thc-m at the Nabob's expence, and the 
 ' fingle batta alfo paid by him. There they will be at hand to be detached v.herever he iias 
 ' occafion for their fervices ; and this dilpofition will pieferve our mi'itary, it being a very 
 ' healthy fpot ; whereas they have fatally experienced (the two lail feafons particularly) the 
 
 ♦ unhealthinefs of Calcutta." 
 
 No. 67. 
 
 Fort William, the 8th December, 1763. 
 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, Prefident, 
 Commodore John B". Tinker, 
 Warren Haftings, 
 Randolph Marriott, 
 Hugh Watts, 
 A. William Senior, Efquires. 
 
 A GREED we write a letter to Major Adams, acquainting him that we have paid due atten- 
 ■^~*- tion to the contents of his, as well as of the other letters from Shuja Dowla, Shitabroy, 
 &c. That we {hall immediately fix on fome proper perfon to fend as our agent to Shuja 
 Dowla's court, from whom being informed of the itate and interefls of the feveral chiefs of the 
 empire, we may be enabled to judge of any particular engagements Shuja Dowla may propofe 
 to enter into with the Company. That in the mean time we have determined thus far, that 
 Shuja Dowla's dominions ly ing contiguous to the provinces of Bengal, it will be for our mutual 
 interefts to maintain a friend{hip and dcfenfive alliance; and that we do therefore empowef 
 him to promife in our name that we fhall be ready to affift Shujah Dowla, either againft Coffim 
 Aly Cawn, or any other enemy who may invade or attack his dominions: that in return 
 however we fliail expe6t from him to declare himfelf openly an enemy of Coffim Aly Cawn, 
 and ufe his utmoft endeavours to feize and deliver him up with all his effects : and unlefs an 
 alliance of this nature is fir{l concluded with Shujah Dowla, or an invitation received from 
 him, Bcny Bahadre, or fome other officer of note empowered to make it, we would not have 
 our army pafs the Caramnaffa : that if in return for this advance of ours towards an alliance, 
 Shuja Dowla on his part incline to fend a principal perfon to treat at Calcutta, we defire he will 
 furnifti him with the necelTary paflports ; but that if, contrary to our expectations, Shujah 
 Dowla {hould join his army with Coffim Aly Cawn, we defire he will on the firft appearance of 
 fuch a jundion write to Shujah Dowla in high terms; declaring that we look upon it as an 
 open a(5t of hoftihty againft us, and {hall purfue him with all our forces wherever he goes. — 
 That he (the Major) will accordingly in fuch cafe advifc us, and we {hall inmediatcly, with the 
 
 affiilance. 
 
 1
 
 APPENDIX, No. 6-j. 
 
 affiftance of the fquaJron, reinforce him to the utmoft of our power, to enable him to enter 
 ShujahDowia's dominions — That we obferve from thcfc letters Shujah Dowla and Reny Beha- 
 dre are defirous of our becoming fccurity for the payment of the King's revenues, in return for 
 thcfubadary faneds to be granted to the Nabob ; but this we would on no account a^ceto; 
 reither dowe think, confidering the King's prefent fituation, and the ftate of the empire, that 
 thefc faneds are of any fuch confcqucncc as to make the Nabob anxious for obtaining them at the 
 great expence which has hitherto attended applications to the court — That of thefe our 
 fentiments he will acquaint the Nabob, and recommend to him not to make any promife of 
 money on that head, pointing out to him at the fame time that the weight and fccurity he 
 derives from our protedtion is greatly fupcrior to any that can be conveyed him by thcfc faneds, 
 and thatal! the money he can collect will be wanted to pay his own troops, and fulfil his agree- 
 ments with the Company — That from what appears to us of Shuja Dowla's circumftances, wc 
 think it very pcffible he would give all his afliftance for obtaining the Hineds, for the fake only 
 of our offered alliance — And upon this footing therefore, he (the Major) may acquaint the 
 Nabob that hcfhall requcft them — That as thefe negotiations, the neighbourhood of the King 
 nnd Shujah Dowlah's army, and the large force with which CofTim Aly Cawn has retired from 
 the province, may open fcenes of bunnefs of great confequence to our nation in India — we muft 
 earneltly repeat our requefl that he will remain ill the command of the army until the event of 
 thefe doubtful affairs is become more certain. 
 
 2d February 1764. 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, Prefidcnt. 
 William Billers, Efquire, 
 Warren Haflings, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Hugh Watts, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leycefler, Efquire, 
 JohnBurdett, Elquire. 
 To Major John Carnac. 
 
 Sir, 
 Agreeably to the refolution of council the 30th December, you will pleafe to proceed with 
 all expedition to the province of Bahar, and take upon you the command of the army now 
 ftationed there. On vour arrival at camp you will direct one hundred Europeans and a thoufand 
 feepoys to return to Bengal, as we intend a detachment of that force, with two pieces of 
 artillery, fhall alv/ays be cantoned at Ghyrottee, and kept in readinefs to execute any fervices 
 whifh may be requiilte below. 
 
 As ColT-.m Aly Cawn has now fled out of thefe provinces, into the dominions of Shuja 
 Dowla, the principal object of the -army under your command wilt be to watch his further 
 motions, and guard and maintain the tranquillity of the frontiers ; and you will therefore pleafe 
 to canton the troops as near the boundaries of the province as you may think necefTary for thefe 
 purpofes. 
 
 From the" difpofition which the King and Suja Dowla has exprefTed, in their late letters to 
 us, and the anlwcrs which we wrote them, we are in hopes they may determine to furrcnder 
 CofTim Aly C4wn into our hands ; or, at leaft, by ftripping him of his wealth, and obliging 
 him to difband his forces, put it out of his power to give us any further diflurbance. But if, 
 contrary to our expectations, they fhould refolve to join the fortune of CofTim Aly Cawn, and 
 march with their forces towards Bengal, we defire you will advance the army to the banks of 
 the Carumnafla, and oppofe and pre\'ent any enemies from entering the country. 
 
 Our fcntimcnts regarding the conduft to be obferved towards the King and Shuja Dowla, you 
 will find contained in our letter of inftrudions to the late Major Adams, dated 8 December 
 1763, of which a copy is herewith delivered for your information. And as the anfwers to the 
 letters which were wrote alfo to them at the fame time, mufl pafs through your hands, you will 
 be enabled to take your mcafures according to the advices which they niay contain. 
 
 In this letter to Major Adams, wc tranfmitttd our opiraon, with refpe^ to the Nabob's 
 making application for the King's faneds, and which, you will obferve, we defired to be com- 
 municated to the Nabob. The Prcfident llkcvvife then wrote to the Nabob to the fame effcit ; 
 but wc are forry to find, that notwithjtanding our counfel, he continues flill very carneft in this 
 point, and has actuafly executed an .-igi-(;emcnt to. pav to the King 28 lacks of rupees annually, 
 with slacks Nuzerrana, with a view of obtaining thefe faneds, and that he is leeking means to 
 remit above one half of that fum immediately to court. In conl'equcnce of this intelligence, wc 
 have been under the neccfTity of fending orders to the commanding officer of the army, of 
 which copies arc inclofed for your information. And v.-e cannot hclj) repeating here, that we 
 think tiiis fiep of the Nabob's a mark of bad policy and great imprudence ; tor"makin<: remit- 
 tances to the King can only be confidcred as fupplying" the finances of Shujah Dowla, who 
 feeks but an opportunity of invading and molefting the Nabob's government, nay, is perhaps at 
 this very period become hij open and declared enemy. B-jfidcs, .idmitting the royal confirmation 
 
 Z to
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 to be a matter lequifite, eltherfor the public or the Nabob's own private fatlsfaflion, it would 
 certainly be a more proper time to apply for it when once all parts of tl:C country have tellified a 
 firm allegiance to his government, and he has been fully eftabliflied in his dominion over it. Wc 
 ihdl! always endeavour to carry ourfclves towards the Nabob in fuch a manner as to give him no 
 juil: caufe of difgult i but we mull: hope, and ourcmployers will expcdl:, that, for fuch conduct, 
 he will not be wanting in a luitable return, by a proper obfervance of his engagements, and an 
 attention to their interefl ; and that therefore he will, for the prefent, fet afide the above- 
 mentioned refolution, which plainly tends to their injury in both thefe refpeiSts. 
 
 The Nabob has wrote to the Prcfident, that it is his intention to retur.i to Calcutta in the 
 month of March next — we defire therefore you will encourage him therein, as far as you may 
 find opportunities, having many points to fettle with him, neccllary for the welfare of his and 
 our government. 
 
 As we are informed that the fort of Rotas remains ftill independent, we defire you will 
 endeavour to reduce it, in cafe you can find an opportunity ; that is to fay, if it (hould appear 
 that it can be done without any inconvenience to the othtr objects of your inftru6lions, or 
 occafioning the lofs of much time and men. 
 
 In confequence of the opinion of yourlclf and the other field officers, that the fmall body of 
 European cavalry wc now maiat.iin, can never prove of fervice adequate to the great expence 
 whicli attends their eftabllflmnent, we have determined to reduce them all, excepting one 
 troop, which will be ufetul for the purpofes of patrolling and reconnoitring. We defire there- 
 fore you will inco'jioratc the officers and men with the battalion, and order the horfes to be 
 difpoied of to the belt advantage, after completing the troop commanded by Captain George 
 Hay, which we mean fhall ftand to fixty private, and its proper officers. 
 
 benfible of your regard for the Company's interefl, we need hardly recommend to you to 
 have in view the reduction of the expences of the army, whenever, and as far as the nature of 
 the fervices you have to execuie will admit. 
 
 We rely entirely on your prudence, courage, and good condudt ; and wilhing you always 
 health and fuccefs, we are, with efteem, &c^ 
 
 R. Leycester. Henry Van Sittart. 
 
 23d February 1764. 
 At a Confultation ; P R E S E N T, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Prefident, 
 William Billers, Efq. 
 Warren Haftings, Efq. 
 Randolph Marriott, Lfq. 
 Hugh Watts, Efq. 
 Samuel Middleton, Efq. 
 Ralph Leycefler, Efq. 
 John Burdctt, Efq. 
 
 To the Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efq. Prefident and Governor of Fort William. 
 Honourable Sir, 
 
 I am extremely forry to inform you, that notwithftanding all endeavours to keep the troops 
 in due bounds; yefterday morning the European battalion forced the drummers to beat the 
 General, without appriiing any of their officers, and flood to their arms, appointing themfelves 
 a leader: after loading their pieces and fixing their bayonets, they took pollcffion of the 
 artillery parks, forcing the lafcars and fome gunners to draw out fix guns, placing three on 
 each flank ; the European horfe formed on the right, and the Moguls on the left ; the feapoys 
 were likewife in motion, but by a timely admonition they defifted. All endeavours were ufcd 
 to pacify the Europeans, but in vain ; in this order they proceeded through the Nabob's camp, 
 croiTed a nulla, and directed their march towards the Carumnaffa. When I found they were 
 not to be (topped at any rate, I fent Captain Stables to apprize the Nabob, who came and met 
 them on their march — offered a lack of rupees, one half to be paid immediately, and the 
 remainder at one o'clock in the afternoon, which was all he could produce in camp; but 
 neither promifes or threats could (top them — lor want of draught bullocks, the cannon were 
 loft on the road to, and in, the Nabob's camp, which I returned to camp again, 
 
 i followed them in company with many of the battalion officers, endeavouring to perfuade 
 them to march back to camp, and receive the money the Nabob had fent. About a hundred 
 dropt them on the march, and returned : on their arrival at the CarumnafTa, they drew up 
 on the parade in the front of the guns belonging to the detachments, and immediately fecured 
 them; in the mean time, the Mogul horfe difperfed themlelves ainongft the feapoys of the 
 detachment, to influence them to join. Here I got them to halt to take a dram and bifcuitj 
 while the drams were ferved, we prevailed on moft of the Englifli to return; but the French, 
 and moft of the foreigners, perlifted in croffing the Carunnuifa, to the amount cf about 
 thr«; hundred, and proceeded towards Banaras ; at the fame time, by the influence of 
 
 the
 
 APPENDIX, No. bj. 
 
 the Mogul Iiorrc, p:irt of two battalions of feapoys of the Carumnafla detachmc-nt rufhecl to their 
 arm^, fixed their bayonets, and followed them acrofs the river : growin<i towarJs the evenine, 
 I took the remainder of the Europeans with the guns to the srand camp, leaving Ibme officers 
 to afhft the feapoy officers. To-day we have got many of the feapoys to return, with fome of 
 the Europeans; and I expect inofl of the feapoys, with about fcventy Europeans, will return 
 this evening, on condition of being pardoned; there is a body of Frenchmen, about one 
 hundred and fifty, headed by Serjeant Delamar, and two of the French fcrjeants that have 
 halted on thi- bunks of the Ganges, oppofitc Banaras, but cannot crofs for want of boats. I 
 have vci y little iiopes of this party's returning, for it feems to have been a premeditated fcheine 
 of the French in particular, to entice the befl part of the army over to the enemy, under the 
 pretence of donation money, at the fame were determined to refufe all offers of cafh whatever. 
 
 1 his morning 1 ordered part of the donation to be- paid from the laak which the Nabob 
 fcnt, the Europeans received forty rupees per man, and the feapoys fix rupees each ; the non- 
 commifTioned ofncers in proportion ; this appears to have fatisfied them, and I believe moft of 
 the Europeans that have returned are :.fhamed of their proceedings, being convinced of the bad 
 intention of their leaders (the French) to draw them into a crime which they never 
 intended. 
 
 I (hall, with the afSflance of my officers, do my utmoft endeavour to regain thofc flill 
 miffing, and am in great hopes, by their prefent behaviour, that the fury of the ftorm is paft. 
 However I think it proper that the army be kept in motion, which may partly prevent the like 
 for ;he future. • I purpofc fliifting ground often, flill keeping the diftridl between the Sone snd 
 Carumnafla, and fhould be glad to lie honoured with your orders and advice. 
 
 The Nabob propofed fetcing out for Calcutta two days ago, but receiving a letter from 
 Shittabroy, that he fhould fet out from Illiabad immediately with the fonnads, has detained him 
 a few days longer. 
 
 I am. 
 
 Honourable Sir, 
 Camp at Sut, near CarumnafTa, Your moft: obedient humble Servant, 
 
 February 12, 1764. William Jennings. 
 
 27 th February, 1764. 
 At a Ccnfultation ; PRESENT, 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Efquire, Prcfident, 
 William Billers, Efquire, 
 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, ._ 
 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Hugh Watts, Efq. 
 Samuel Middlcton, Efq. 
 Ralph Lcycefter, Efq. 
 John Bu.-dett, Efq. 
 
 Captain Jennings's Letter. 
 Received a letter from Captain Jennings, dated the r5th Inftant, giving us a particular 
 account of the behaviour of the troops, from the date of his laff letter to the board, till the 
 mutiny which happened among them on the 12th ; of which we have already been particularly 
 advifed by his letter to the Prcfident of that date, as likewife of the fteps he took to pacify, 
 and bring them to a proper fcnfe of their duty: that the next day the feapoys at camp having 
 heard of the revolt of thofe at the Carumnafla, refufed to take the fix rupees per man offered 
 them, and immediately ftood to their arms ; whereupon the greateft confufion enfued, as the 
 Europeans, being afhamed of their foimer behaviour, infifted on forcing the feapoys back ; and 
 accordingly flood likewife to their arms, and the artillery to their guns: that not being able to 
 prevent this, he ordered the battalion to torm on the parade, load, and fix their bayonets; but 
 upon no pretence to ufc violence, without they were attacked : that finding nothing ellc would 
 quiet them, he has judged it for the good of the fcrvice, that the feapoys demand for being 
 paid half the fliareper man, which the Europeans had received, fhould be complied with, and 
 that the havildars have accordingly received each 40 rupees, the naiks 30, and the feapoys 20 ; 
 that they appear all pretty well fatisfied at prefent, and that he {hall ufe his utmoft endeavours, 
 with the afliftancc of the other officers, to promote quiet and harmony among them. 
 
 1 ft March 1764. 
 At a Ccnfultation ; P R E S E N T, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vanfittart, Prefidcnt, 
 William Billers, Efq. 
 Warren Haftings, Efq. 
 Randolph Marriott, Efq. 
 Hugh Watts, Efq. 
 Samuel Middlcton, Efq. 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efq. 
 Mr. Burdctt, abfcnt. 
 
 Captain
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 Captain Jennings's Letter. 
 
 Received a letter from Captain Jennings, dated the i8th inftant ; acquainting uj, that the 
 troops are asjain brought to good order, and at prefcnt appear extremely well Catisfied ; that he 
 learns by his hircarras, the foreigners, headed by Serjeant IDelamar, have proceeded en to- 
 wards Elliabad, and that Raja Bulwant Sing has affifted them with money and guides to con- 
 duel them to Shuja Dowla's camp ; although in his letter, in anfvver to Captain Jennings's, 
 he allures him, that he ufed all the ptrfuafions in his power to prevail with them to return, 
 but that they pcriifted in marching forwards, to ofFer their fervice to Shuja Dowla : that bv the 
 return of that day, he finds our lofs to confift of five ferjeants and 152 rank and file, with 16 
 private of the European cavalry, and loo feapoys ; but that the latter being in a feparate body, 
 he is ftill in hopes of prevailing with them to return to their colours. 
 
 12 March 1764. 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Efquire, Prefident, 
 William Bilitrs, Efquire, 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Samuel Middleton, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efquire. 
 Mr. Burdett indifpofed. 
 
 To the Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Efq.Prefident and Governor, &c. of Fort William. 
 Honourable Sir, 
 
 I received your favour of the 5th of February, and fliould have anfwered it fooner, but our 
 advices for fome time have been very intricate, both from Illiabad and Shuja Dowlah's army. 
 
 The Nabob's intelligence, which corroborates with, ours, are, that Shittabroy is flopped from 
 coming; and that the King and Shuja Dowla are come to a rcfolution to afllft Coffim Aly 
 Cawn, and put him again in pofleffion of Bengal, &c. By two Hircarrahs from Banaras the 
 24 ultimo, 1 am informed that Coffim Aly, by order of Shuja Dowla, has lent Shake Small 
 Beg Jemmadar, with two hundred horfe, and four companies of of feapoys, to Bulwant Sing; 
 who is to affift them with hackirys, and a proper buzar, for their march to Rotafgur, to carry 
 off the trealures and cfi-'efts left there. Upon enquiry, I find there is no way of preventing this 
 partv, but by crolTing the Carumnaffa, their route being round the hills, through Bulwant Sing's 
 country, which brings them to the weftern gate of Ratafgur, without entering the Nabob's 
 dominions. 
 
 Major Carnac being expelled every day at Patna, I have wrote to receive his orders. — I have 
 fome reafon to think that Shuja Dowla has fent people to our camp to corrupt our men. — I 
 have confined a fukeer, who is accufed by an European of offering his fervice to the revolted 
 party on their way to the Carumnaffa, promifing to conduct and fupply them with provifion on 
 their march up the country : and by a letter from Captain Stables, received laft night from the 
 Nabob's camp at Doudnagur, he fays, 'tis now confirmed, that Shuja Dowla enticed our peo- 
 ple to defert. 
 
 The army's only complaint is the dearnefs and great fcarcity of provifions in our buzar. — 
 The Budgpoor country has been entirely ruined by Coffim Aly Cawn's army, and it is with 
 great difficulty we can get fupplics at any rate ; moft part comes from Patna. I have wrote to 
 Mr. Batfon, who has promiled to affift us all that is in his power: I likcwife difpatch large 
 parties twice a week to Patna for grain ; but notwithftanding which, I am greatly afraid we 
 Ihall be but ill provided ; at prefent the black troops and (ervants can barely live on their pay. 
 If it fhould be judged neceffary for the army to remain in the Budgpoor country, I would 
 recom.mend that magaz-ines for fupplying the troops be ereiSted at Buxar, with a proper detach- 
 ment to remain there as a guard to the magazine. Buxar lies very convenient to be fupplied 
 with grain from Patna, and the adjacent countries, by water, which will greatly leffcn the 
 price of all kinds of provifions, and likewife be nearer for fupplying any part of the Budgpoor 
 country. Our prefent land carriage from Patna raifcs the price of rice, &c. in our buzar a 
 hundred per cent, more than the Patna market, befidcs the uncertainty occafionel by the 
 merchants felling at different places on the road. — I expcdt Major Carnac will meet the Nabob 
 at Patna. 
 
 I am. 
 
 Honourable Sir, 
 Camp at Sarfaram, With great rcfpe£l, 
 
 February the 28th 1764. Your mofl obedient humble Servant, 
 
 WiLWAAi JE^f NIN'OI. 
 
 Major
 
 APPENDIX, No. t-]. 
 
 Major Carnac's Letters. 
 
 Received two letters from Major Carnac, dated at Patna the ift and 2ti inftant ; the former 
 confirming, by his advices. Captain Jennings's intelligence, with regard to Shuja Dowla and 
 Colfini Aly Cavvn ; and again ex prcffing his hopes, that the Bombay detachment have been de- 
 tained here ; the latter reprcfcnting the great inconvenience to which the army is expofed on 
 account of the extraordinary fcarcity and dearncls of all forts of grain, and the difcontcnt which 
 it occafions aoiong the troops, and requeuing we will fend orders to Burdwan and Coflimbuzar, 
 fr,r forwarciiiig them fupplies as fpecdily as poffible ; likewife recommending the lemoval of 
 Captain Grant's battalion of feapoys up to the army, as they have been uninfected, and having 
 a battalion fent from camp to Chittagong in their room. 
 
 Agreed, we reply to th<.fe letters of Major Carnac's ; acquainting him, that immediately on 
 receipt of his laft letter, the Prefidcnt wrote to the Nabob, defiring he would fend orders to 
 his ofRcers in Purnca, Dinagcpoor, and Radfliy and the other diftricls, where grain is moll 
 plentifully produced, to colled all they could, and fend large quantities to Patna ; and re- 
 commending to him, as we look upon this the bell and moll likely expedient for procuring 
 fupplies, to repeat the neceflity of enforcing thefe orders : that the ftores for Captain Pimble's 
 detachment are now fending up to Ghyrottee, and that it will be ordered to march from thence 
 as foon as they are completed : that the Bombay feapoys form a part of this detachment, but as 
 there is no more than one battalion for the protection and fervice of all the Chitta^on" and 
 Dacca diftrictf, it is impofTible that any part of them can be fpared to go to the army : that we 
 obferve from his letters, as well as thole from Captain Jennings, the reafon which there is to 
 expe£l, that Shuja Dowla will either come himfelf, or favour an invafion intoBahar: that if 
 thefe advices fliould prove to have foundation, we think it will be more advifable to carry the 
 war into Shuja Dowla's country, than to w it for his entering the province : that we defire 
 therefore he will, immediately on fuch confirmation being received, if he thinks he can depend 
 on the difpolition and aftedlion of the troops, march the army acrois tlie Carunmalla, and pro- 
 ceed to ait oflenfively againll the enemy, to the beft advantage : that in the mean time we 
 fliall hold further reinforcements in readinefs, conhfting of the detachment of the 84th regi- 
 ment, themarines of the fquadron, and a party of the artillery, which will in all make about 
 200 men, with two pieces of cannon, to march and join him whenever it fhall be judged 
 neceffary. 
 
 19th March 1764. 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Prefident, 
 William Billets, Efquire, 
 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, ' » 
 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Samuel Middleton, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efquire, 
 John Burdett, Efquire. 
 Major Carnac's Letters. 
 
 Received two letters from Major Carnac, dated the 7th and 8th inftant ; the former ad- 
 vifing us of his arrival at the camp, and that all accounts agree, that Meer Coflim has eno-acred 
 Shuja Dowla to march this way — That the mutinous fpirit of the troops is far from beino- 
 fupprefTed ; for that the officers allure him, they have intimations theie will be a further de- 
 mand made of the donation money, both by Europeans and feapoys — that a havildar of Captain 
 Gallicz's battalion cxpreflijd himfelf fo infolenily on this matter, he has thought proper to con- 
 line him, and fend him down to Calcutta in irons ; and that he has alfo ordered down five Euro- 
 peans, who hare been fomc time under confinement for defertion and other crimes, and recom- 
 mends their being lent on board the King's (hips. The letter of the 8th indoles duplicate of 
 that of the 7th, and confirms the intelligence of Shuja Dowla's moving this way. 
 
 26th March 1764. 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Efquire, Prefident, 
 William Billers, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Samuel Middleton, lifquire, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efquire, 
 John Burdett, Efquire, 
 
 Mr. Haftings indifpofed. « 
 
 Major Carnac's Letter. 
 
 Received a letter from Major Carnac, dated the 15th Inftant; inclofing a paper of intelli- 
 gence from the King's camp, and advihng us, that finding Shuja Dowla was on the move to- 
 wards him, he has thought it incumbent upon him to advance the army towards the frontiers, 
 "to oppofe the enemy's entrance into the province ; tliat he has judged it neceflary to make 
 
 A a another
 
 APPENDIX, No, 67. 
 
 another dividend to the troops, to the amount of twenty rupees to each private European, and 
 half" that fum to each feapoy — that the feapoys have now received each 30 rupees, which he looks 
 upon to be as much as they are intitled to, and that this was intimated to them, at this Ia(t 
 payment — that one of the companies made a little ftir on the occafion, but that it ended with his 
 punifbing two or three feapoys, who were principally concerned, and turning them out of the 
 fervice ; that the officers, from a convidtion the men will never be in right temper, fo long as 
 any part of the donation remains due to them, have agreed, not to receive their proportions, till 
 the foldiers have had their intire fliares ; that after the defertion of fo many Frenchmen, he 
 could entertain no favourable opinion of the few who ftaid behind, and could not avoid being 
 fufpicious they did fo with fome ill view, and that he has therefore ordered Captain Martin, 
 with the remainder of his company, down to Calcutta. 
 
 29th March 1764. 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Efquire, Prefident, 
 Commodore Tinker, 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 John Burdett, Efquire. 
 Alellrs. Middleton and Leycefter indifpofed. 
 Major Carnac's Letter. 
 
 Received a letter from Major Carnac, dated the i8th inftant ; inclofing one he has received 
 from Shitabroy ; to which he refers us, for information of Shuja Dowla's intention againft us ; 
 and exprefllng his concern to find, that by the advices from Calcutta, of the 8th, the reinforce- 
 ment under the command of Captain Pemble had not yet begun their march ; that their being 
 folate, renders it next to impofhble for them to join him in time, and that he muft therefore 
 put every thing to rifk, with the force he has at prcfent, however little to be depended on, after 
 what has paffed ; further advifing us, that he would fain crols the Carumnaffa, and give the 
 enemy a meeting, as far as pofTible from the boundary, but that he fears the diftrefs they arc in 
 for provifions, being only fupplied from day to day, will not permit his doing fo ; and that he 
 fhall be obliged to keep clofe by the Ganges, tofecure a conveyance by water, having had inti- 
 mation, that the enemy's defign is to hover at adiftance around them, and endeavour to cut off 
 
 their fupplies. That a treaty of alliance has been fome time in agitation, between the Nabob 
 
 and Bulwantfing, the Rajah of Banaras : that the Nabob is now very anxious for its being 
 brought to a conclufion ; and propofed to him, that evening, fetting his fcal thereto, on the 
 part of the Englifh, without which the Rajah will not enter into any engagement : that he fhall 
 be very unwilling to take a ftep of fuch a nature, without firft knowing whether it be agree- 
 able to us ; but that the prefent exigency will not admit the delay of waiting our anfwer. 
 
 Having duly confidercd this letter of Major Carnac, we arc unanimoufly of opinion, that as 
 Shuja Dowla has now openly efpoufed the caufe of Coffini Aly Cawn, and encourages his de- 
 fign of an invafion into Bengal, we can entertain no further thoughts of entering into a treaty 
 with him : on the contrary we think it our duty to torit! againft him all the enemies we poffibly 
 can ; that the propofed alliance with Bulwantiing will therefore be a very proper meafure, and 
 prove, as well now as in all time to come, a ftrong barrier and defence to the Bengal provinces. 
 
 Agreed therefore, that we write to Maior Carnac, advifing him, that we fhall approve en- 
 tirely of his entering into the intended treaty, in concert with the Nabob ; and of his engagin* 
 to protecSl and maintain Bulwantfing independant, both now and hereafter. — That the detach- 
 ment which in our letter of the 1 2th we mentioned we (hould hold in readinefs, will march 
 this day from Ghyrottec, under the command of Capti'-in VVeymyfs; fo that we have now rein- 
 forced him with every man that is capable of bearing arms: that, for the defence of this part of 
 the country, particularly the province of Burdwan, againft any detached parties which may be 
 fent to make inroads by the way of the hills, we are completing the battalions at Burdwan and 
 Midnapoor, and fhall call Captain Grant from Chittagong, with all the feapoys in thofe partsj 
 excepting one battalion of the new eftablifhment ; and th.at this force, with what afTiltance 
 Commodore Tinker may yield us, for th-- fervice of the artillery, is all we have to depend on : 
 that we muft ilill fuppofe the Nabob has ifiucd orders to his officers, for fending to Patna all 
 the grain that can be colleiSled in tl.e diflerent countries ; but that, for his latisfaCiion and our 
 own, we (hall write to Mr. Gray to be certainly informed, and dire£l him alfoto advife him ; 
 and if the ofBcers have not received orders to that effedf, to purchafe all he can on account of 
 the Company, and forward it on to Patna : that we inclofe hini a letter from the Prefident to 
 Shuja Dowla, with an Englifli tranflation for his perufal, which if he think it adviieuble, at 
 the time he arrives, he will pleafe to forward on. 
 
 Agreed, that the letter to Shuja Dowla be to the following purport : 
 
 That it is reported, he has received C<iffim Aly Cawn into his friendfhip, and that he is 
 marching this way, in order to fupport his caule : that confidering the former connections ftib- 
 iifting between him and the chiefs U the company, we can^iot give credit to this report : that 
 
 \: c
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 we are perfup.led he has the utmoft regard for juftice, and that he will not acl in fo unequitable 
 a manner: that it however fuch arc his real intentions, we fh:ill not neglect to do what is 
 necefiary on our part ; and that it is our refolution to keep this country free from troubles, and 
 to carry the war into his dominions, and dcfolate and lay walle his country. 
 
 3d April, 1764. 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Efq. Prcfident, 
 Warren Haftings, Elq. 
 Randolph Marriott, Efq. 
 Samuel Middleton, Efq. 
 Ralph Leycelter, Efq. 
 Mr. Burdctt, indifpofud. 
 Major Carnac's Letter. 
 
 Received a letter from Major Carnac, dated the 22d inftant ; acquainting us. That the 
 enemy are all colkifting at and near Benaras ; and making preparations for throwing bridges 
 acrofs the Ganges : that he would willingly pufh over the Carumnafla, with an intention of 
 obftiufling their work ; but that the Nabob is utterly averfe to entering Shuja Dowla's country, 
 being unwilling to do any thing that may be conftrued as a commencement of hoftilitics on his 
 part ; further repeating his complaints on account of the great fcarcity of provifions, and 
 acquainting us, that not chullng to rely on his folcjudgment info critical a cafe, he confultcd 
 Major Cha.mpion and the captains of the army, with regard to croffing into the enemy's coun- 
 try, and the Itation in whi^h they are at prcfent encampi-d ; and that tiiey are entirely againfl: 
 moving till a fupply of grain is fecured, and agree with him, that at Buxar they are mod 
 advantageoufly pofteJ for watching the motions of the enemy : that he has ordered a bridge to 
 belaid over the mouth of the Caiumnafla^ for paffing the troops, as foon as he has colledleJ a 
 ilock of grain, when he propofes advancing up the Ganges to oppofe the enemy's eroding it, 
 or (hould they be crofl'ed to offer them battle. 
 
 Agreed, We reply to Major Carnac's letter ; acquainting him that he has already been advifed 
 of the reinforcements ordered to camp under the command of Captains Pemble and Weymyf», 
 fo that he will fend fuch orders to thofe officers as he may judge requiiite, in confequence of the 
 operations of the enemy and the difpofition they may make in advancing into the country, par- 
 ticularly in cafe any detachments of their force fhould pafs between him and Bengal : — that we 
 are endeavouring to raife a party of the volunteers who were under Captain Wedderburn, to be 
 employed again in the fame manner in armed boats on the river, on any necefiary fervice : that 
 we defire therefore he will direct the boats, which we are informed are at camp, to be repaired, 
 and kept in readinefs ior embarking them ; or if he thinks proper he may fend them down to 
 meet the party at their march up : that expelling the Nabob's arrival in Calcutta, we have 
 delayed enquiring into the {late of his revenues and expenccs, and the other branches of his 
 government, which are necefiary for fettling the articles of the treaty; but that as that pro- 
 ipeii is now very uncertain, we muft requeft: he will make the belt enquiries he can, and 
 inform us of the ftate of the Nabob's finances, and how they are managed, as his complaint of 
 want of money appears to us extraordinary, conndering he has had the time for making the 
 heavy coUeftions of the year, and but fmall difburfemcnts that we know of; that it is neciflary 
 we Ihould be a!fo acquainted with the ft.uc and expence of the Nabob's army ; what number 
 of troops he keeps up, and what prii'.cpal officers he employs and depends upon : — that we 
 fhould be glad to know further v/ho are the principal oiticers about his court, and in his coun- 
 cils : — that we know Nundcomar to be one, and to have the chief management of his corre- 
 fpondence : — and as we have had too frequent experience of this man's intriguing difpofition, 
 and are certain that he has many connections in Shuja Dowla's court, we have reafon to fufpedi 
 that he will employ thele connedions, at fo critical a jundlure as this, againft our government, 
 as a fecurity for himfclf in all circumllances : that we cannot be too much on our guard againft 
 any fuch deligns, and we ihould v.'ilh therefore to have him entirely removed from the Nabob's 
 fervice: — that if he thinks he can bring the Nabob to content to his difmiffion, we would have 
 it done immediately ; but that it he thinks the Nabob v.ill not confent to it, we would have 
 him keep thofe fentiments entirely to himfeli, kit it fiiouhi caufe a jealoufy in the Nabob, or 
 excite Nundtomarto form worfe defigns, from the apprehenfien of furh an event, and content 
 himfelf with taking all poffible preciutions to prevent liis carrying on any correfpondence with 
 the enemy : — that it iscvidentthereliasbeen a Shameful negleft withrefpeft tocolkcting grain for 
 the armv, iince Mecr Coffim was driven out of the country before the harveft was reaped ; and 
 there never was known a moie plentiful crop : that this v.\- cannot help rcf^ardinf^as a particular 
 inilance of the milmanagement or wilful neglect ot Nundcom..r, knov/in-^it to be his duty, trom 
 his poit, to have attended to that bufinel's : mat we formerly applied to the Nabob for tuncaws 
 on account of the Company ; three laaks to be paid atPatii?,fiveatCoffi,Tibu7.ar,fiveatCalcutta, 
 and five at Dacca ; to v.'hich application he replied. He woild grant them when became to Cal- 
 cutta ; but that rbe time of hii coming being now \ery inceri.iin, th? Prcfident h.u wrote to 
 
 him
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67, 
 
 him again for the fame tuncaws ; and that we defire he will reprefent the ncccflity of his 
 granting them, as the Company's affairs fuffer much for want of money, and we are afraid of 
 being dirtrefTed to anfwer even our military expencc?, and our daily demands: — that there is 
 another object of general concern, upon which alio we muft dcfire he will apply to the Nabob, if 
 he thinlcs circumftances will admit of it; we mean the fund for reflitution of the meichants 
 loflcs in the late troubles, for which noprovifion has been yet made, and which, we perceive by 
 the accounts already delivered in, will amount to a very conf.derable fum, notwithftanding the 
 regulations we have laid down for reducing the prices of every kind of goods to the lowed :-r- 
 that we are obliged to requeft his aflillance in thcfe points, until! Mr. Watts fhall arrive at his 
 flation with the Nabob, when he will take the burden of them off his hands, and inform him 
 of all his proceedings. * 
 
 Confultation, 9th April, 1764. 
 
 Received a letter from Major Carnac, dated 26th March 1764 ; inclofing one which he had 
 received from Captain Maclean, advifuig him of a very daring attempt made by one of the 
 fubdars of his battalion, to decoy his company over to the enemy •, and acquainting us that the 
 man havin» been tried by a court martial, compofed of black officers of the battalions, and 
 found guilty of the charge alledged againft him ; and the court having given it unanimoufly as 
 their opinion, that he deferved to be blown from the mouth of a cannon for the fame, he had 
 him accordingly executed in that manner the fame afternoon at the head of the army; and 
 expreflinrr his hopes that this public execution v/ill flrike a terror amongft the troops, and awe 
 them into better behaviour for the future. — The letter further advifcs us, that there is now no 
 doubt of a bridge beingfinifbed over the Ganges; but they have fuch various accounts of the 
 different quarters by which the enemy intend penetrating the province, that though they were 
 provided for advancing on, yet he thinks it moil adviCeable to wait at Buxar, and watch what 
 ■way they turn their principal force, that they may move thither to oppofe them. Alfo inclofing 
 a paper of news, which after finifhing his letter he had received from the Nabob. 
 
 Captain M'Lean's letter, and the paper of news being read; 
 
 Ordered, They be entered after the Major's letter. 
 
 The latter, on perufal, is only found to contain advice, that the enemy are encamped at 
 Bulwar Ghant, on the binks of the Ganges, with the particulars of their force, and that 
 bridges for their paffage are building with all expedition. 
 
 j6th April 1764. 
 At a Confultation ; P R E S E N T, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Efquire, Prefident, 
 
 Commodore Tinker, Warren Haftings, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Samuel Middleton, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leyceftcr, Efquire, 
 John Burdett, Efquire. 
 
 Received two letters from Major Carnac, dated the 2d and 4th April 1764. The former 
 inclofing the proceedings of a general court martial held on Captain Lieutenant Baylone, which 
 has occafioned his difmiffion from the fervice, and repeating ftill his complaints of the want of 
 provifions; further mentioning, that he thinks Captain Penibis has been rather dilatory in his 
 march, having received a letter from him of the 23d ultimo, when he was only at Plaffey, 
 altho' he left Ghvrottee the 17th. The fecond advifing us, that from informations which he 
 has received from Mur Afhruff, he has been led to entertain ftrong fufpicions of Nundcomar's 
 fidelity and attachment, and that he apprehends he has ever been engaged in a private correfpond- 
 ence with the enemy : that wiiatever may be the truth, the tenor of Nundcomar's conduct 
 ar^Tues ftrono-ly againft him ; to fupport wliich the Major mentions the little aiTillance we have 
 as yet received from his i'.dminiftration, and particularly inftances the diftrels of the army for 
 want of provilions : that tiie countries from which we fhould receive our fupplies, have been by 
 him put into the hands of MyrColum's creatures ; to which we may add, that whatever may 
 be his difpofition with regard to the Nabob, we cannot reafonably expe6l he fliould have any 
 attachment towards us, confidering the circumftances of his having been long under confine- 
 ment with us on an accufation of a former criminal correfpondence, and his being fully 
 convinced that it is the intention of our government, if in their power, to get the chief 
 management of the provinces configned over to Roy Dulub : that the very fufpicion (and for 
 which there were fuch grounds) of a man in fo high a degree of confidence with the Nabob, 
 and who, if a traitor, would have it in his po.ver to do us fo much mifchief, was rcafon 
 fufficient for his wiftiing to have him removed, and that he had accordingly exerted all his 
 influence with the Nabob for that purpofe ; but that he always infifted, in reply to his argu- 
 ments, that he knew Nundcomar to be hii friend, and that Roy Dulub was a traitor to him; 
 and could be brought to no other conceflion, but that if the one was fent away, the other 
 ihould be difmiffed alfo ; to which the Major fears he will be obliged to fubmit, unlefs fome 
 more eligible expedient can be hit upon, as he thinks Nundcomar's remaining with the Nabob 
 after fo publican accufation would alone render him our cnemv, tho' he were not fo before. 
 
 The 
 
 e
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 The Major further adds, That the continued want of grain has obliged him to retire towards 
 theSoane, where he can more fecurely depend upon fupplies, and becaufe ail his lateintclligence 
 agrees that the enemy do not intend fighting us ; but that their delay at thi; bricl'>-es near Benaras 
 is to dr.iw our attention that way, to give tiir.e (or the divifion they are fending round by the 
 back of ihe country to get between our army and Patna, 
 
 And agreed, in confcquen.e of the advice contained in the latter, that the Nabob be addreffed 
 by the Prefident, in tiie name of the whole board, to the followin<r efFed : 
 
 That it is with gr..-at concern we find ourfelvcs under the neceflity of rcmonftrating to him 
 upon the ill adminiftration of the affairs of thcfe provinces fince his acceffion to the Tov'crnmcnt, 
 ftrongly exemplified by the great diftrefsour army has been in for want of grain, tho' the coun- 
 try was freed from any enemy before the crop was cut, and that they were as plentiful as were 
 ever known ; in the repeated complaints he has made to us of his want of monev, tho' the hiavicft 
 colledions of theycar muft have fallen into his hands, and in general from the little he now 
 feems able to give us for the diftrcfs of our common enemies, that we cannot impute thcfe 
 evils to any but Nundcomar, under whofe immediate influence and direction all the affairs of 
 his government have hitherto been conducfted ; that thefe are ftrong inllances of his mifconduft 
 and negligence; but that what gives us ftill greater reafon to be diliatisfied with him is, that 
 from advices lately received from Major Carnac, we have too much reafon to fufpcft he has 
 been carrying on a fecret correfpondence with the enemy, and countcrafling evcrv meafure we 
 have been taking for the fupport of his (the Nabob's) government ; that, rotwithftandincr the 
 repeated reprelentations which have been made to him (the Nabob j for fupplies of grain. Major 
 Carnac for want of it has been obliged to return to the Soane : that this, with other matters, 
 which have been fully reprcfented to him by Major Carnac, will effedually, we hope, con- 
 vince him that the dilapprobation we now exprefs at Nundcomar's condudt arifes onlv from our 
 friendship for him, and a regard for our common fafety ; that therefore, however backward 
 and cautious we Ihould at all times be not to interfere with the officers of his oovernment, yet 
 the wi ked miCmanagcment of Nundcomar in the prefent critical fitiiation of our affairs, 
 obliges us to prel's and infilf upon the immediate removal of that man from his employ ; that we 
 take not upon us to recommend a fuccefibr, rel'olving to approve of any man whom he fhall 
 pleafe to appoint, if he will but manifeff a true zeal for his fervice ; whatever opinion we may- 
 have exprelled of Roy Duhib, ordefire to have him employed, we are ready to acquiefce in his 
 removal to Calcutta, it (uch is his (the Nabob's) plealutc, at the fame time that he fends down 
 Nundcomar, being defirous to give him every proof in our power, that we are not fwayed to 
 make this remonffrance from any partiality to the one, or perfoiial diflike to the other; that we 
 are not incautioufly or uiinecellarily interfering with his authority, which we are determined tf> 
 fupport — but are compclle>l, much againll our will, to prefs the removal ofthisman, who feems 
 ^o be undermining both his power and ours ; that as we are giving now the ftrongtfl inflances 
 of our attachment to him, by exerting all our flrength to free his country from our common 
 enemies, we muft cxpedt that he will fo far concur with our endeavours, as immediately to 
 remove Nundcomar from his confidence and fervice ; as the longer any power continues in his 
 hands, the more endangered is our common falcty, by his artifice and mifconducl : tliai we arc 
 happy in prefenting this addrcfs thro' the hands of Major Carnac, of whofe r.trachment and 
 regard we have repeatedly had fuch flropg proofs, and with whom we have no doubt will be 
 Ceady to concur in every neceiTary mcafurefor the public good. 
 
 Agreed alfo, that we do write to Fort St. George, and to Dacca, Caffimbuzar, and Mantea, 
 advising them of the appearance there is of the country's being invaded by a very numcrcus ene- 
 my ; and that altho' we have no manner of doubt that our forces under the command ol Major 
 Carnac will defeat them, wherever they may be brought to engage, yet we think from their 
 numbers there is a probability of their difperfing, and making iudden incurfions in different 
 parts of the country ; and therefore judgs it ncceff.uy to acquaint them, that it is not on any ac- 
 count our intention they fiiould rilk tailing into the hands of the enemy, by attempting to 
 make a (land at their factories, which are not calculated for defence, or provided with troops 
 for that purpofe ; but that on the approach of any fornidable body of troops, we would have 
 them to retreat in time, v;ith what efledls they can with lafety brijig along with them. 
 
 Confultation 26th April 1764. 
 
 Received twoletters from Major Carnac, dated the 9th and 17th ; the former repeatinii and 
 explaining iuily the rcalons whiefi determined himtociofs the Soane. and retire towards Patna; 
 and advifiiig us that he is now convinced, from Buluant Sing's behaviour (of which the Major 
 gives us an account ) that his propofcd alliance with us was only a concerted fchenie to draw us 
 further on, and to favour Shuja Dovvla's defign of getting between our arn.y and P..tna — That 
 in confcqiience of our tormer orders he dilchargcd a number of boats immediately upon liis 
 arrival at Patna, iulomuch that he has at prefent I'carce a liiificicncy lor the fervice ; and that the 
 paymaffer allures him the accounts of the army have been tranfmitted to the end of la(l year, and 
 promifes to continue fending them down as regularly as poflible. — The laff letter acknow- 
 ledges icctipi of ours c. itic^d; and acquaints us, That it is fomething reroarkublc that that 
 
 B b VV..S
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 was precilely the day on which he had the debate with the Nabob relative to Nundcomar ; that 
 our coincideticc of fentiment with him in this particular amounts to a demonftration that there 
 are ftrong grounds of fufpicion, however we may want dirett proof againft him ; that yet that 
 the Nabob is fo obftinately attached to this man that he fears there Vvfill be no poflibility of 
 removing him without having recourfe to force, which, at this critical juniElure, it would he 
 thinks be improper to make ufe of ; that his Excellency is fo much out of temper by this affair, 
 that it has occafioned his being fo out of order as not to be willing or able to enter upon builnefs 
 for fome days pad ; that he has deferred giving any anfwer to his demand on the article of 
 reftitution, but had fent orders the day before to the proper officers for the payment, three laalc 
 at Moorfhcdabad, the faid fum at Dacca, a laak and half at Nudya, the fame at Honaghty, 
 and one laak at Patna, of which he himfelf advifes the Prefident: that Beny Bahadre is cer- 
 tainly come on this fide the Carumnafla, by the high road, fo that there is no longer any 
 doubt of Shuja Dowla's intending to favour Meer ColTim ; which is further confirmed by a 
 letter inclofed, which he (the Major) had that day received from the Vizier; to which he ji\ 
 
 advifes he had replied in the following terms ; That he was not to be prefcribed by any but of '' 
 
 the King of England, and the Englifh Company, whofe fervant he was ; that he (Shuja 
 Dowla) had gone fuch lengths, that we could no longer look upon him but as an enemy, and 
 that the fword muftnow decide between them ; that he could not doubt of fuccefs, as he was 
 confident, from the juftice of our own caufe, we could not fail having Providence on our fide. — 
 He alfo inclofes one to us, which he fuppofes is to the fame purpofe, and advifes us further that 
 the Bombay detachment had joined him the day before, and that he had fent on two battalions of 
 feapoys, with a couple of guns, and propofes advancing with the army as far as he can be fure 
 of being fupplied with grain. 
 
 The Prefident alfo lays before the board the following Tranflates of Shuja Dowla's 
 Letters, received from the Major. 
 
 From Shuja ul Dowla to the Governor and Council. 
 
 Former Kings of Indoftan, by exempting the Englifh Company from duties, grantins; them 
 different i'ettlements and fadtories, and affifting them in all their affairs, beftowed greater kind- 
 nefs and honour upon them than either upon the country merchants, or any other Europeans ; 
 moreover of late His Majeily has gracioufly conferred on you higher titles and dignities than 
 was proper, and jagheers, and other favours fince ; notwithftanding thefe various favours 
 which have been fhewn you, you have interfered in the King's country, poffcfTed yourfclves of 
 diftriiSlb belonging to the government, fuch as Burdwan and Chittagong, &c. and turned out 
 and eftablifhed Nabobs at pleafure, without the confent of the imperial court. Since you have 
 imprifoned dependents upon the court, and expofcd the government of the King of Kings to 
 contempt and difhonour; fince you have ruined the trade of the merchants of the country, 
 granted protection to the King's fervants, injured the revenues of the imperial court, and 
 crufhed the inhabitants by your acts of violence ; and fince you are continually fending frefh 
 people from Calcutta, and invading different parts of the royal dominion';, and have eve.i 
 plundered feveral villages and pergunnas belonging to the province of Illahabad ; to what can all 
 thefe wrong proceedings be attributed, but to an abfolute difregard for the court, and a wicked 
 defign of feizing the country for yourfelves ? If you have behaved in this manner, in confe- 
 quence of your King's commands, or the Company's directions, be pleafed to acquaint me of 
 the particulars thereof, that I may fhew how fuitanle a refentment : but if thefe difturbanccs 
 have arifen from your own improper defires, deiift from fuch behaviour in future ; interfere not 
 in the affairs of the government ; withdraw your people from every pirt, and fend them to their 
 own country ; carry on the Company's trade as formerly, and confine yourfelves to commercial 
 affairs. In this cafe imperial court will more than ever affiit you in your bufinefs, and confer 
 its favours upon. Send hither fome perfon of diftinftion as your vacqueel to inform me pro- 
 perly of all circumftances, that I mav a(ft accordingly. If (which God forbid!) you are 
 haughty and difobedient, the heads of thedifturbers fhall be devoured by the fword of juftice, 
 and you will feel the weight of His Majefty's difpleafure, which is the type of the wrath of 
 God ; nor will any fubmiflions or acknowledgments of your ncgledt hereafter avail you, as 
 your Company have of old been fupported by the royal favours. I have therefore wrote to 
 to you ; you will adt as you may think advifeable ; fpeedily fend me vour anfwer. 
 
 From Shuja ul Dowla to Major Carnac. 
 
 Agreeableto His Majefty's care for the welfare of the people, I now write to you. Confider how 
 the Kings of Indoftan have given your Company fettlements and factories, exempted them from 
 duties, and conferred greater favours upon them than upon other Europeans or the merchants of 
 their own dominions : fince then, notwithftanding all thefe favours, you have been guilty of 
 ingratitude to the court ; fince you have turned afide from your former paths, and on the 
 contrary have been continually marching your troops into the King's country; and fince vou 
 have prefumcd to remove the officers of the imperial court, and to turn out and eftablilh Nabobs, 
 
 What
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 What kind of behaviour is this ? In cafe you have your Kind's or your Company's orders for 
 thefe proceedings, be pleafed to inform mc of it, that I may Oiew a fuitablc rcfcntment. But 
 if it is through your own inclinations that you have plundered villages belonging to Uiiabad, 
 and that you entertain your evil defigns, notwithftanding the approach of the royal ftandards, it 
 is proper you fhould defift from fuch proceedings, and rcprefent your defires to mc. In cafe' of 
 your obedience, our favours fliall be conferred upon you; othcrwife the ouilty and difobedieiu 
 fiiall be utterly dellroyed. " 
 
 Confultation, 10 May 1764. 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Vahfittart, Efquire, Prcfidenf, 
 Warren Haftings, Efq. 
 Randolph Marriott, Efq. 
 Samuel Middlcton, Efij. 
 Ralph Lcycefter, Elcj. 
 Joiin Burdctt, Efq. 
 
 On the 8th in the Evening we received the following Letter from Major Carnac. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 I have received your favour of the i6th, with the Perfian letter from the Prefident, and 
 the fame in Englifh, figned by the whole board, to be prclented by me to the Nabob, 
 in order to inforce my application for the difmiffion of Nundcomar. I have betore 
 acquainted you of the Nabob's attachment to this man, and with my being obliged, to avoid 
 coming to cxtiemities, to appear reconciled to him ; and for the f.;me reafon you will pleafe my 
 not delivering the Prefident's letter at this jundure, as I firmly believe the Nabob is fo infa- 
 tuated, that he would rather give up every thing than part with Nundcomar. His Excellency's 
 conduct fubjccls me to the grcateft inconveniencies, and particularly to that of adting defeii- 
 fively. One would almoft think he is engaged in a combination againil himfclf; and had I 
 drawn near to Patna to cover it as well as him, it is moit likely he would have been carried 
 off, and the city taken, there being many of the enemy's adherents both within his camp and 
 the town ; and it is more than probable, the parties which have gone behind us were for that 
 purpofe. /d 
 
 The prefcrvation of the Sircarferang country is of the utmoft importance to us for provifions^ 
 yet, in fpite of. all my rcmonftrances, it has been continued in the hands of one Ramchund, a 
 known creature of Myr Coffim, whofe troops to-day are all gone over to the enemy, fo that we 
 hourly expected news of their having entered that pergunnah. As foon as Captain VVemyfs 
 arrives 1 ihall order a detachment over for the fecurity of that country. I projjofe keeping the 
 marines, and taking this opportunity of feparating our people, amongft many of whom the 
 feeds of difcontent (till remain, which it has required my utmoft care to prevent from breaking 
 forth. There is certainly fomebody tampering with them ; and a number of letters have been 
 lately found dropped in the camp, addreffcd to our foreigners, with intent todebauch them, one 
 whereof I herewith fend you. 
 
 The accompanying is Shuja Dowla's anfwer to the laft letter from the Prefident, which I 
 took the liberty to open. The main army of the enemy muft be pretty near us, thou^^h we can 
 get no certain intelligence of them, their advanced parties of horfc plunJering and deftroyirig 
 every thing in fuch a manner that our hircarrahs arc afraid to approach them. I cannot con- 
 ceive how they, being fo numerous, will manage to fubfift ; and I think thcv mult be fo di- 
 ftrefl'ed as to attempt fomethlng decifive, and that very fpcedily. 
 
 I have completed the reform ot our fcapoys, and we have now ten battalions upon tlie new 
 eftablifhment pretty near complete in number, but greatly deficient in arms ; fome of ihcm 
 are extremely good ; I cannot as yet lay fo much of tne tour youngeft. One is ihitioned at 
 Mongheer, and there are two, befides the Honibay feapoys, in garilbn at Patna, J have aHo 
 formed Captain Hay's troop, agreeable to your directions ; and the fupcrniiinerary horfes, ex- 
 cept fomc fparc ones that was ncccflary to keep, have been (old on the Company's account. 
 
 I am, 
 ' (ienticmen. 
 
 Camp near Patna, Your nioft obedient humble Servant, 
 
 the 30th April 1764. John Carnac. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 We niuft confcfs ourfclves uncafy at the neccflity which you have been under of atSting upon 
 the defeiifive, and wifli it may foon be in your power to change this plan, as it is beyond 
 doubt that all our fucccfl'es againft the powers of this empire have been owing to acting offcn- 
 fively, and always pufhing to the attack ; and this mcafurc appears the more nccclLuy at this 
 time, as the ill difpofition of our troops is likely to becncrcafed bv nothing fo much as inaction : 
 wc arc fenllble of the difficulties you have had tq encounter; perplexed with the Nabob's b.id 
 
 managcmeut
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 manao^ement, and receiving no kind of afliftance from him, we have an intire confidence in 
 your conduft and care to provide againft the ill efFedts to be apprehended from fuch a fituation ; 
 upon which we (hall give you our fentiments, leaving it always in your difcretion to adt as the 
 circumftances upon the fpot may diredt you. 
 
 It appears to us, that Shuja Dowla's intention is to make ufe of the advantage which he has 
 in 3 numerous cavalry, to diftrefs you, and cut oft' your fupplits of provifions ; hoping by this 
 plan to gain his point without the rifle of an engagement, in which he might have lefs expec- 
 tation of fuccefs, from the fuperiority of our difcipline. In this view he has fucceeded fo far, 
 and we are apprehenfive of the fame diftrefs which has compelled you to retire to Patna, may 
 in like manner make it as neceflary for you to retreat to Bengal ; as it will be in his power, by 
 fending parties of horfe between you and this province, to intercept any fupplies from reaching 
 you. 
 
 As you have rever mentioned what flock of provifions you have in the city, we have no 
 fatisfadtory information upon the point j but unlefs it is much greater than we can flatter our- 
 felves it is, the daily confumption, without any fupply, muft foon reduce it. To avoid this 
 danger, if it is poflible to take with you by any means a ftock of a few days, and by forced 
 marches bring Shuja Dowla to adtion, it appears to us to be an advifeable meafure. 
 
 If you think this impradlicable, or not advifeable, the next alternative that occurs to us is, to 
 leave a part of the army ftrongly ported at or near Patna for the fecurity of the city, or cither 
 condudt yourfelf or fend the remainder of the forces acrofs the river, to march from thence into 
 Shuja Dowla's country, pufhing diredlly for Banaras ; by which they would not only cut 
 off" the iupplies which come to Shuja Dowla from that quarter, but probably induce Bulwant 
 Sing to come over to our interefts, and join in diiheffing him on that fide. It is at the 
 fame timo probable, that upon the appearance of fuch a force, other parties may rife upon 
 his dominions, who maybe glad to feize fuch an occafion to favour fome pretenfions of their 
 own. 
 
 It is not fuppofed that Shuja Dowla would leave his own country expofed to many enemies, 
 for the fake of carrying on an unprofitable war in Bengal j but if he Ihould, notwithftanding 
 the march of the detachment of ours into his country, take the refolution of pafling Patna, and 
 entering Bengal, the part of the army left at Patna muft come down to us by water, excepting 
 a garifon of feapoys for the defence of the city ; which when joined by the force we have at 
 Burdwan, and the reinforcement we may foon expedt from Madrafs and from Europe, will be 
 fufficicnt to oppofe him, and efpecially at a feafon when the rains will make it very difficult for 
 horfe to acl. 
 
 Conceri ing the proceedings of the party on the other I'ldeof the river, in cafe of Shuja Dow- 
 la's return ; we can only fay in general, that we would have the war carried on in his country; 
 for which purpofe our whole force could join again in fuch manner as you may find the moft 
 advifeable. 
 
 With refpedt to the Nabob, his prefence will always be an incumbrance to you ; and it 
 would be much better for him to remain at Patna, or return to Calcutta. 
 
 We cannot help exprefling furprife, that the parties which have harrafled our camp have 
 never met with any reliftance from his horfe : ii^ the Nabob keeps none, it is abfolutcly ne- 
 ceflary that you fhould endeavour to entertain a body of horfe, to adt under your own orders, 
 and who muft be paid by the Nabob. 
 
 Henry Vai^ Sittart, 
 Samuel Middleton, 
 Ralph Leycesper, 
 John Bl'Rdett. 
 
 Fort William Confultation, 14th May, 1764. 
 
 On the nth inftant we received the following Letter from Major Carnac, dated Camp near 
 Patna, the 4th. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 The united forces of the enemy, who were exceeding numerous, and had with them a con- 
 fiderable number of cannon, ptefented themfelves before us early ycfterday, in order of battle ; 
 and after cannonading fome time at a diftance, be.^an a little before lioon a very vigorous and warm 
 attack. Sombre, with the choice of the infantry, fupporteJ by a large body of cavalry, made 
 an attack Upon our front ; but not being able to advance upon i'o heavy a fire as we gave 
 them, they lay under cover, waiting for the fuccefs of the adault upon our rear where the 
 enemy exerted their principal efforts : it was fun-fet before we had completely repulfed them : 
 our people were fo extremely fatigued with the labour of the day, and having been up moft 
 part of the preceding night in expedtation of the attack, that they were not able to purfuc, 
 and the enemy took the opportunity of the dufk to carry off their cannon : I had enough to do 
 to look to every quarter, as I was obliged to divide my attention between the city, the Nabob's 
 camp, and our own port. All the principal officers diftinguifhcd themfelves in their refpe<2lvc 
 flations ; and I cannot fay too much of the good behaviour of the army in general, and in par- 
 ticular of the feapoys, who fuftained the front of the attack. The enemy muft have met with 
 
 an
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 an immcnfe lofs, as our fire was very clofe, and extremely well diftrlbutcd. I have not yet 
 been able to get an exa(£l account of ours, in Europeans it is inconfiderable : Captain Nottilccns 
 and Lieutenant Gardiner arc the only officers wounded, but both dangeroufly ; the former has 
 received fuch a wound as, it is thoujjht, will occalion the lofs of a leg ; and the latter has had 
 both his legs broke. 
 
 I wait with impatience to know what efFeft this fuccefs will have upon the defigns of the 
 enemy. 
 
 I am, with great refpect, 
 Camp, near Patna, Gentlemen, 
 
 the 4th May, 1764. Your moft obedient humble fcrvsnt, 
 
 John Carvac. 
 Agreed, wc do now reply to this letter, in the following terms: that it is with real fatisfac- 
 tion we have received the advice of his fuccefs : that fo fevere a repulfe given to the enemy on 
 their firft attempt, we (hould hope may be attended with the mofl favourable confequences to our 
 caufe ; and that being extremely fenfible of the fliare which may be attributed to his good con- 
 dud: in this elTcntial fervice, we beg leave to return him our bcft acknowlcd-;ements : that it 
 gives us pleafure to obfervc on this occafion that fuch a general pcrfeverancc and order prevailed 
 among the troops, particularly among the feapoys ; and that we defire he will return curbed 
 thanks to all the officers and men for that bravery and good behaviour. 
 
 Agreed, wc do further advife the Major of Mr. Watts's return ; and defire he will ufe his 
 endeavours to perfuade the Nabob to come down as foon as poffible, as he muft only be an 
 incumbrance to him in camp, and we have many material points to fettle with his Excellency 
 here. 
 
 Fort William, the 21ft May, 1764. 
 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Kfquire, Prefident. 
 Warren Hartings, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Hugh Watts, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efquire, 
 ■^ MefTrs. Middleton and Burdett indifpofed. 
 
 Not having received any advices from Major Carnac, fince the fourth indant. 
 
 Agreed, we v.-rite to him, that this filence has laid us under the neceffity of taking our in- 
 formation of affairs of the army from reports and private letters. By thefe wc are given to un- 
 derfland, that, ever fince the repulfe of the enemy on the 3d inftant, their army has lain 
 within two or three cofs of our camp. That, latterly, frequent meflages have paffed between 
 their camp and ours, and particularly, that Mcndi Aly Cavvn has come over to us with fome 
 of his dependants. That as wc are convinced of the treacherous difpofition of the people We 
 have to deal with, and have no accounts from him of the plan on which he proceeds, we can- 
 not help apprehending bad confequences from this delay, and that the enemy rpay be endeavour- 
 ing to amufe, and gain time to anfwer fomepurpofe of their own, perhaps forming parties in 
 the city of Patna, or in our camp. That he will eafily perceive, by the tenor of all our letters, 
 that we had refolved, from the beginning, not to treat with Shuja Dowlah, if ever he took the 
 part of MecrCoflim, and that we departed not from this refolution even when our army was 
 under fomedifficultics ; far lefs fhall we think of fuch a mcafure now, when he is at the head 
 of an army wliich, we flatter ourfclves, will be fure of fuccefs whenever they engage. That 
 we had a convincing proof of the good difpofition of the troops from their behaviour in the lafl 
 action ; and as his apprehenfions on this head feem to be the only point of difHcuIty, we hope 
 he has, before this time, made ufe of their good difpofition in attacking and driving the enemy 
 out of the country. That we can entertain no thoughts of treating with Shuja Dowla, havino- 
 no conception of any conccflions which it is in his power to make us : that the only ones we 
 could ever liften to, muft be the delivery up of Meer CofTim, Sombre, and our deferters ; and 
 thofe, from the part they compofc of Shuja Dowla's ftiength, we judge it by .no means in his 
 power to perform ; nor would we have our operations fufpendcd for the fpace of one hour until 
 thcfe perfons arc put into our hands. That we have much reafon to imagine the Nabob may 
 give into any overtures for a negociation, from the vain notion of holding the Subadar bv the 
 King's authority, independent of our fupport ; but that he miifl by no means be allowed to 
 carry on any corrclpondcncc without his (the Major's) knowlege, neither in the prefent circum- 
 ftances to receive any funnuds from the King or Shuja Dowla. That in this and all other mea- 
 fures the Nabob muft be intirely ruled by him whilft the war continues. 
 
 Agreed, that wc further advife the Major of Captain Stibbert's promotion to a majority, re- 
 folved on this day in the other department. 
 
 Agreed, that we write likewife to Mr. Hillers, the chief at Patna, direfling him, whilft the 
 war continues, to advife us daily of the occurrences, fo far as may come to his knowlege. 
 
 C c Received
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 Received a letter from Mr. Gray, at MaulJa, dated the 13th inftant, acquainting us, that 
 he cannot comply with our orders of the yth, for purchafmg grain, unlefs we fend him a fum 
 of money ; that he however takes all opportunities of encouraging the merchants to fend rice to 
 camp, and that he has prevailtd with leveral to a large amount. 
 
 Agreed, we write him in aniwer, that as it is not in our power to fend him any fupply of 
 money, we muft be latisfied with the mealurcs he has taken for affifliing the arm.y with grain ; 
 and have only to defire, that he will continue to prevail on the merchants to carry thither as 
 large quantities as poffible. 
 
 Henry Vansittart, 
 H. Watts, 
 R. Leycester, 
 John Burdett. 
 Confultation, 24th of May 1764. 
 
 Received a letter from Major Carnac, dated the i6th, acquainting us, that he has delayed 
 thus long writing to us, fince his laft, from his conftant expedation of a frefh attack, which 
 his daily intelligence has given him reafon to believe the enemy were preparing for : that he fo 
 effedualiy covers the Nabob, that he thinks it his bufinels rather to receive than give the attack, 
 efpecially as the manoeuvre of the enemy feems intended to draw him after them, that they may 
 have an opportunity of detaching a party to carry off the Nabob, in which they would probably 
 fucceed was he to leave them ; that befides, in his prefent pofition he can contain the feapoys ; 
 whereas when they are pufhed forwards, there is no poflibility of preventing them from prefling 
 on and breaking, which Captain Swinton and himfclf h.iveexperiejiced in one or two fkirmifhes, 
 not being able to flop them from advancing irregularly and firing, tho' they threw themfelves in 
 their front : that he is forry to have occalion to add, as another reafon to his little dependance 
 on a part of his Europeans, occafioned by an uncommon inftance of mifbehaving in a detach- 
 ment of about one hundred and twenty of them, which he had fent in the 13th and 14th with 
 Captain Smith's battalion of feapoys to reconnoitre to the eaftward of the city, in expedation 
 of lurprifing fomeofthe enemy there ; that by fome mifmanagement they were fired upon from 
 the walls of Patna, tho' without receiving any damage; but that the whole of the Europeans 
 went immediately to the right about ; that this may perhaps have arofe from a general panic 
 occafioned by the firing, but that he rather fufpects it was done dcfignedly by the foreigners, 
 of whom the advanced guard was chiefly compofed ; that Captain Smith's leapoys notwlth- 
 ftanding proceeded in the courfe he had diredfed, but found nobody: that Captain Weymyfs 
 with the marines had joined him, but he left Captain Maugen on the other fide, with the re- 
 mainder of the detachment, where he has performed a very material fervice, in defeating a body 
 of troops colleded by the difaffefted zemindars in the Sircar Sarang difirid, which he hopes 
 will fecure to us that country : that as the enemy have kept (o long hovering about their pre- 
 fent flation, he thinks it probable they do not chufe to involve themfelves further downwards ; 
 and if they continue to keep aloof, he fhall watch their motions, and wait for an opening to 
 attack them with the leaft rifk and the moft advantage : that he has received our letter of the 
 26th ultimo, with the letter for Shuja Dovvla : that Nundcom.ar's late behaviour has been 
 fuch as to remove almoft entirely the fufpicion of his being engaged in treachery, however faulty 
 he may have been in other particulars : that ever fince the appearance of the enemy he has, by his 
 matter's and his own earnelt requeft:, kept clofe to him (the Major) which is a iirict argument 
 that he was not concerned in any treafonable pradfices, as he was under his eye, and could not 
 of confequence himfelf reap any advantage therefrom. 
 
 The Prefident lays before the board the following Tranflates of Letters which 
 he has received inclofed in one from the Nabob. 
 
 From Shuja Dowla to the Nabob. 
 
 Dated the 1 2th of May, 1764. 
 
 Formerly, when thefe provinces were in your pofTeffion, the Englifh making an agreement 
 with Meer Mahomed Colfim Cawn carried you to Calcutta, and appointed him to the govern- 
 ment ; afterwards they quarrelled with him, and brought you again from Calcutta j agreeably 
 to the hearty friendfhip I have for you, I was much rejoiced at hearing this news ; and yoii 
 muft accordingly remember the letters which I wrote to you Ibme time ago. Upon your arrival 
 on this fide of Patna, I procured you the funnuds from the King, and intended difpatching them 
 to you, with a kellaat : in the mean time 1 received advice that the Englifh were making a 
 difturbance, and wanted to fend you by force from Saont to Calcutta. Since, notwithdandmg 
 his Majefty had conferred honours upon you, and the hearty friendfliip I bear you is clearer 
 than the fun, yet the Englifh, regardlefs both of the royal favours and my friend/hip, were 
 guilty of fuch unjuftifiable behaviour, I therefore marched this way, not at Meer Coffim's 
 defire, but becaufe I could not fufferthe King's country to be fo ruined and deftroyed, now that 
 his Majefty has beftowed thefe provinces upon my fon Auftiuph-ul-Dowla, who is your 
 
 nephew.
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 nephew. Look upon yourfelf as the rightful manager of all the affairs of government, and 
 deliver it from the daily infults to which it isexpofed. Affairs fhall not remain upon their prcfent 
 footing, nor (hall the hand ot any one be upon you ; the diftridts which belong to the Englifh I 
 will get contirnied to them by the King, in cafe of their faith, obedience, and attachment. 
 
 From Rajah Beny Bahadre to the Nabob. 
 
 The negotiations which were fonie time ago carried on by Rajah Shitabroy, whether he 
 fpoke by your authority, or of his own head, went on fuccefsfully ; but they were afterwards 
 interrupted by tlie minifters of the court, who caufed the preference to be given to the enemy's 
 delires, and accufed me of Tiding with you and the Englifh. H.therto 1 have remained filent, 
 forw.intof an t'ppcrtunity having offered. 1 have overfet the caufe of the enemy and his 
 adherents: but whillt I am negotiating in this manner, I am uneafy, k-ll you and the Eng- 
 liflichiefs fhould refufe to atl agreeably to my rcprefentations, and 1 Ihould thereby fall into 
 the utmolt difgrace; 1 have therefore fent Chinta-byram to you with all expedition, who will 
 fully infoim you of every circumltance. If this affair meets with your approbation, be pleafed 
 to acquaint me with your pleal'ure, and, by the bleffing of God, everything will be happily 
 fettled, and whatever agreement I make will be complied with j if not, inform me fo in piaia 
 terms, that we may act accordingly. 
 
 From theNabob to Shuja ul Dowla, inAnfwer. 
 
 I have been honoured with your friendly letter. At the time when that tyrant, Meer Coflim, 
 fled from thefe piovinces to your Highnefs's dominions, the Englifh were defirous of purfuintr 
 immediately, over the bridge which he had pafled, in order to bring to juf^ice for his violences 
 ai d opprefTuj!!;, ; lut I forbad them, and prevailed upon them to encamp on Durgaonty Nulla, 
 on this fi.!e the Carumnalla, for thefe four months paft. What earneft and repeated lolii itations 
 have been made you, both by the Englifh and myfelf ; but you would by no means liflen to our 
 requefts; th ough the intrigues of wicked men you have refufed jufirice to the Englifh, and 
 have pr^iceedtd to thefe lengths. Although in the time of former Nazims the affairs of tl'.efe 
 provinces have always been negotiated at the imperial court through the means of the head 
 buckfny, yet on account of my hearty attachment to your Highnefs, 1 have ever reprefented my 
 afl'airs to you ; and as you were fevcral times jracioufly pleafed to do me the honour of dcclarinn- 
 that you would be aniwerable for my bufinefs, I let my heart at eafe, in full confidence in your 
 promiles, and never made application to any other perfon ; and the Englifh, through my p)er- 
 fuafions, were fo faithfully attached to you, that they were ready to attend you, and to facrifice 
 their lives in your ferv ice. Now, likewife, if you will do themjuftice on that tyrant Meer 
 CofTim, they will not be negligent in fhewing their fidelity to you ; and my attachment and 
 hearty obedience will daily encreafe. 
 
 From the Nabob to Rajah Beny Bahadre, in Anfwer. 
 
 I have had the pleafure of receiving your letter, wherein you write that the negociations which 
 were carried on by Raja Shitabroy went on fuccefsfully, but were afterwards interrupted by the 
 miniflers of the court, who cauled the preference to be given to the enemy's defires, and accufed 
 you of fiding with me and the Englifh : that till this time you had no opportunity ot fpeakino- 
 on the fubject ; but now an opportunity having offered, you have overfet tiie caufe of the enemy 
 and his adherents : that you are uneafy left I and the Englifh chiefs (hould refufe to a£t an-rcea- 
 b!y to your reprefentr.tions, and you ihould thereby fall into difgrace : that you have therefore 
 fent Chintalyram, whov.-ill inform me of all circumftances : that if you meet with my appro- 
 bation every thing will be happily fettled, and whatever agreement you make will be complied 
 with ; if not, that I ihould inform you in plain terms, that you may aiS accordingly. 
 
 Chintalyram has acquainted me with all particulars, and I explained the whole to Major 
 Carnac, the commander of the Englifh army ; who replied in the following terms: " When 
 ♦' Meer Coflim fled out of this country into the Vizier's dominions, the Englifh chiefs were 
 *' defirous of purluing him immediately, in order to revenge themfelves 0/1 him ; but in com- 
 " pliancc with your defire, they halted at Durgaouty Nulla, on this f'lde Carumnafi'a, and, for 
 *' the fpncc of four months, made continual complaints to the Vizier, rcv^uefling him to punifh 
 «♦ Meer Coflim lor his oppreffions and cruelties : his Highnefs, far from conlenting to do us 
 *' juftice, even liftened to the intrigues of the enemy, and complied with his defires : neverthe- 
 *• Icfs, if he v/ill now favour us, and either deliver Meer Coflim and Sumtroo into our hands, 
 •* tobe duly punifhed, or himlelf imprifon them, in recompence for their crimes, the Englifh 
 " are ftill ready to perform the duties of obedience and fidelity; but, till juftice is done us, 
 " other matters cannot be treated of." In cafe his Highnefs will be kind enough to reven^'e 
 the caufe of the Englilh, I likewife will not fail to fhew forth a due obedience and attachment. 
 With regard to what you write concerning your having overfet the enemy's caufe, and your 
 being uneafy Icfl you fhould not gain myconlint and the Englifh gentlemen; in c:ife you can 
 prevail upon the Vizier to dojufiicc, cither way, as above mentioned, and will be anfvvcrable 
 
 for
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67, 
 
 for it, be affured that you will meet with our entire approbation, as you will be fully infoimed 
 bv Chentyhuv-tn. 
 
 ' A'ueed, We write to Major Carnac, inclofing him copies of thefe letters, and acquainting 
 him we find from them, thar the enemy have made propofiils for trading, and propofals have 
 been given them, that we might be inclined to come to terms : that we advifed him in our laft, 
 and now repeat, that we (hall receive no propofals from Sujah Dowlah, neither would we 
 fuffer any of his meffengers to come into our camp, or the Nabob's, unlefs Meer Coffim, 
 Sombre, and our dtferters be fent delivered up : that the Nabob in his anfwer to Beny 
 Bahadre's letter we mufl: fuppofe has faid in his (the Major's) name, more than ever he 
 could afl'ent to ; but how far loever he may be made privy to this negotiation, we cannot help 
 expreflino- our furprifc, that he takes no notice of it in his letter nov/ before us. Further, in 
 anfwer to his letter, that we have paid due regard to the reafons which he urges for having 
 continued to a£l fo long upon the defenfive ; but that we mufl; fay they do not carry the fame 
 weii'ht with us : with regard to the Nabob, that he cannot poflibly expect, nor can our whole 
 army ever be allowed to remain in a itate of inaftion, merely to proteft his perfon, efpccially 
 when it is confidered that this end may be as effectually fecuied by his retiring intoPatna: 
 that on this ftep, therefore, he mufl immediately determine, unlefs he (hould rather refolve 
 to accompany our army, and take an equal chance with them in attacking the enemy : that 
 the mifbehaviour of the party of Europeans, in the night of the 13th and 14th, we hope may 
 have been owing entirely to the unexpected fire on them from the walls of the city ; but if, on 
 the contrary, there is really any remains of mutiny or diflatisfaftion among the troops, it is 
 certain there is nothing fo dangerous, or can tend more to encreafe fuch a difpofition, than 
 waitincr in inaction the attacks of the enemy : that this is a ftrong reafon for purfuing the plan 
 we have recommended of acting ofi^enfively ; and a Itill ftronger is, that if v.e allow the war 
 to be protracted in this country, it will be impofliblc for us to fupply him with the immenfe 
 fums of money which are now required in defraying the expences of the army; for we already 
 find ourfelves gre:.tlv diftreffed to difcharge the draughts from the paymafter, and anfwer the 
 demands of other detachments, which have taken the field, with the current expences of the 
 fettlement : that the Nabob's welfare and intereft being fo intimately conneScd with ours, we 
 think he cannot well refufe to affift us in this point, whenever he has it in his power ; and that 
 we therefore defire he will reprefent to him the prefent neceffity, and endeavour to obtain a 
 o-eneral order on the Naibs of Moorfhedabad and Dacca, for the payment of whatever fums we 
 may call for on our receipt : that in his letter he acknowleges to have received ours of the 
 26th ultimo, with the Prefident's letter to Shuja Dowla ; but does not mention his having fent 
 it to him, that if he has not, we defire he will pleafe to forward it according to our firft 
 intentioHj as we think it is proper that letter Ihould be fent him at all events. 
 
 29th May 1764,- 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Efquire, Prefident. 
 Commodore Tinker, 
 John Spencer, Efquire, 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Hugh Watts, Efquire, 
 Samuel Middlcton, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efquire, 
 John Burdett, Efquire. 
 
 Received a letter from Major Carnac, dated the 19th inflant, acknowledging the receipt of 
 ours of the 7th, and 9th, and acquainting us, in anfwer to the latter. That he has long had in 
 view the operation we recommend as the alternative, and thinks it bids the faireft for totally 
 difconcertinw the enemy; but that it cannot be begun till the arrival of Captain Wedderburni 
 by which time he alfo expefts the waters will be rifen ; and will then, unlefs in the interim he 
 has the good fortune to perform fomething decifive, fet about putting it into execution : that 
 Bulwant Sing he always fufpe£ted was only amufing him with the proffered treaty; and his 
 condudt has demonftrat'ed it fo, for that he is perfonally with Shuja Dowla ; and his troops 
 were amongft the moft: forward in the lafl: attack : that in the precautions we have taken to have 
 him fupplied with grain, and the advantage of the river, he fhall be fccure of provifions : 
 that in his prefent fituation, he finds no other inconvenience but the want of cavalry ; and that 
 he propofes, therefore, employing Mendee Ally Cawn, to raife a body of Moguls, amongft 
 whom he has much intereft, and to add to Mirza Shabar Beg's troops. 
 
 Thj 
 
 urn
 
 APPENDIX, No. (^j. 
 
 The Prcfident lays before the Board, the following TranHations of further Letters from 
 the Nabob, &c. on the lame Subject as thofe minuted on la-ft Confukaiion. 
 
 From the Nabob, 
 Dated 15th May, 1764 (13th Zeccada of the 5th Year) received the 26th Ditto. 
 1 have already fent you copies of letters which I have received from the Vizier of Rajah 
 Beny Bahadrc, and of my anfwers to them; by the contents thereof you mud be acquainted 
 with the King's having granted the three provinces to the Vizier's Son. At prefcnt Rajah 
 Beny Bahadrc and AITud Aly Cawn, brother to Golaum Aly Cawn, deceaftd, who is an old 
 friend of the Vizier's, in confequcnce of his Highnefs's directions, have written to me in anfwer 
 to my letters, to give up only the province of Patna. Copies of thefe letters, and my anfwers 
 to them, I have fent enclofcd, for your obfervation ; when you are acquainted with the parti- 
 cula:-b thereof, be plcafed to let me know what you thinlt advifeable to reply to this demand 
 that if they again treat with me on this fubjed, I may write to them accordingly. 
 
 Copy of a Letter from Marajah Beny Bahadre, to the Nabob. 
 I have had the pleafure to receive your letter, mentioning that in cafe the Court will revenge 
 thecaufeof thcEnglifh, you are ready to perform the duties of obedience and fidelity. The 
 fentiments of friendfhip, which were before engraved on my heart, arenot exprefled in the con- 
 tents of your letter ; but I imagine you have good reafbn for writing in fuch a manner : out of 
 the great rcg:;rd I have long had for you, I entered on a negociation with vou, notwitiiftanding 
 your unfriendly behaviour. I was in hopes that in order to make amends for your palt neojeds 
 you would have given your confcnt, and fettle things on a proper footing; all depends upon 
 the blefling of God, and your and the Englifh gcntlemens approbation ; as there is a hearty 
 friendfhip between me and Aflud Aly Cawn, and every negociation is carried on with his con- 
 currence; I have fully acquainted him with all circumflances tending to our mutual welfare 
 and he will write them for your information. Since you are a man of underftanding and expe- 
 rience, you will doubtlefs give your confent to what he reprefents to you. In cafe of your ap- 
 probation, be plcafeJ to inform me thereof, that I may fend him to you ; if not, whatever is 
 the will of God. .^ 
 
 Copy of a Letter from Aflud Aly Cawn to the Nabob. ('-i 
 
 I with Mharajah Beny Bahadre prcfentcd to the Vizier your letter in anfwer to mine, which' 
 I had the pleafure ofreceiving at 9 o'clock in the morning, and the Mharajah prefcnted to him 
 the letters which he had received from you, and at the fame Mharajah Nundcomar's letters 
 and our hazee were preiented to him by Hofan Aly Beg Cawn ; on perufal of them, his Hiffhl 
 nefs was much difplcafed ; and faid to Mharajah Beny Bahadre and me, " When a perfoiihas 
 put himfelf under the protedion of the King and the Vizier, where is the juftice and propriety 
 of delivering him into the hands of his enemies, or imprifoning him .' That they have 
 
 made fuch demands. The contents of their letters can by no means be prod uftive of good" 
 
 After many reprcl'cntations, his Highnefs declared his final refolution as follows: " Let the 
 province of Fatna be refigned, the authority refts with us, we will appoint whomfoever we 
 pleafe to the naibat of the province; when this point is agreed to, we will confider about 
 puniftiingthe enemy, and doing juflicc to the Englifli ; otherwife they muft be rooted out and 
 deftroyed. Moreover his Highnefs has given drift orders that no one fhould correfpond with 
 you ; but Mharajah Beny Bahadre and I have written you the particulars, agreeably to his 
 Highnefs's and Mharajah's orders : confider them well, and fend me fuch an anfwer tiiat 
 thefe difturbance* may be removed. Enclofed is a letter from the Mharajah. '\ 
 
 Copy of the Nabob's Anfwer to Mharajah Beny Bahadre. 
 
 1 received your letter wherein you write, that the fentiments of friendfliip, which of old were 
 engraved in your heart, are not exprefitd in the contents of my letter ; but you imagine 1 have 
 good rcafon tor writing in fuch a manner : that out of your regard for me you entered on a 
 negociation with me ; notwithftanding my unfriendly behaviour you were in hopes that I 
 would now fettle matters, in order to make amends for paft negle£ls : that all depends upon the 
 bicfling of God, and mine and the Englifh gentlemen's confent : that you have acquainted 
 AlTud Aly Cawn with all circumftances tending to our mutual welfare; that 1 fhajl be in- 
 formed of them by letter from him, and you will fend to me in calls of my approbation ; if not, 
 whatever is tlic will of God. 
 
 Afl"ud Aly Cawn's letter has acquainted me of the particulars of this affair. As I had the 
 greateft confidence in your friendfhip, I did not expert you would have written to me iri fuch a 
 manner ; I am in the utmod furprile at your making lo unexpcded a demand of mc, and at 
 your rcij.irding my requelt, that the Englilh may have juftice done them, as contrary to the 
 tics of friendfhip. Had you formerly promil'cd topunilh theenemy on condition of my afTenting 
 to fo improper a demand as you have now made in AfTud Aly Cawn's letter, my obedience 
 
 D d v^oj'd
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 would not have carried me fo far as to engage me in any thing produftive of fhame and repentance ; 
 nor (houJd I have neglected the care of honour. Since you are inclined to war, you will not 
 be pleafed with any reafonableor juft propofal that I may make you. If fuch are your views, no 
 agreement can be made, and till an agreement is made, the fending Alfud Aly Cavvn would be 
 ufelefs ; as for the reft, whatever is the will of God is beft ; he that cannot procure juftice 
 froni the King, will procure it from God. 1 have written an anfwer to AlTud Aiy Cawn's 
 letter, J by that you will be acquainted with the particulars. 
 
 ^-P.-S. From the contents of your laft letter, I perceive that what you faid to me by 
 rt*';.--' - Chintalyram, and what you wrote me in the letter which you fciu by his hands, was 
 bio na >, aJi adream. — Where fuch inconfiftency appears, it is a difficult matter for a kingdom, 
 iswlfin toflourifh. — In all cafes I am very ready to obey any reafonable and juft command : a 
 zi\:-ii\a-^ little attention and confideration is neceflary on your part alfo. 
 -ir. . 
 ,t ' Copy of the Nabob's Anfwer to Aflud Aly Cawn. 
 
 I have been favoured with your letter, acknowleging the receipt of one from me ; and 
 mentioning that you, with Mharajah Beny Bahadre, prefented it to the Vizier ; and that at 
 the fame time my arzee to his Highnefs, and Mharajah Nundcomar's letters, were prefented to 
 him by Hofern Aly Beg Cawn : that he was difplcafeJ on perufal of them, and faid to Mhara- 
 jah Beny Bahadre and you, " When a perlbn has put himfelf under the proteflion of the King 
 *';'and the Vizier, where is the juftice or propriety of delivering him into the hands of his ene- 
 *S-mies, or imprifoning him ? that they have made fuch a demand. The contents of their 
 *<r-letters can by no means be produ£tive of good : that it his Highnefs's final refolution that 
 " I fhall reftgn the province of Patna : that he will appoint whomfocver he pleafes to the naibac 
 " thereof : that when this point is agreed to, he will confider about punifhing the enemy, and 
 *' doing juftice to the Engliih, and that otherwife we muft be rooted out and deftroyed : chat 
 " he has given ftrift order for no one to correfpond with us but Mharajah Beny Bahadre, and 
 " you, and that you fend me inclofed a letter from the Mharajah." What fhall I write to (o 
 unjuft and unreafonable a demand ? How can I confcnt to a propofal fo foreign from my own 
 inclinations, and fo contrary to the rules of friendfhip ? As his Highnefs has been p!e.;fed to 
 reft his doing juftice to the Englifti upon fo unequitable a condition, it is evidently his refolution, 
 not to do them juftice ; you could yourfelf reprefent in a proper manner the unreafonablenefs of 
 this propofal, but that you are reftrained by the fear of oiTending : I have by no means ne- 
 glected the duties of obedience and fidelity : notwithftanding it has always belonged to the head 
 buckfhy to negociate the affairs of thefe provinces, yet I placed my whole dependance upon his' 
 Highnefs the vizier, and not to any one elfe ; and now this is the reward 1 reap. My letters 
 Contained nothing but a petition of juftice, and profeffions of fidelity : fince then his Highnefs 
 is neverthelcfs offended at it, to what can this be attributed but to deceit and artifice ? Since 
 itiy fmcere and juft reprefentations are not confented to, but produce fuch unreafonable de- 
 mands in reply, I fliail remain filent in future; if you think it unjuft and improper to inflict due 
 punifhment on fuch a tyrant and murderer, on account of his having put himfelf under the: 
 protedtion of the King and Vizier, with what right do you order me to give up the province of 
 Patna, which has fo lately been confirmed to me by firmaunds and funnuds under their feals ? 
 With regard to what you write about me confidering this aff"air, the part is gone ; the future is 
 uncertain. This is my ftateat prefent ; what will it be to-morrow ? In cafe I now confent to 
 this demand, what remains for me to do hereafter ? — Since fuch are his Highnefs's intentions, 
 it is unneceflary and ufelefs to carry on any further correfpondence. With regard to the rooiing 
 us out, and deftroyingus, we depend on the bleffing of the Almighty, and truft that he will 
 fulfil our hopes. I have fent for your perufal, copies of two letters in anfwer to thofe received 
 from Mharajah Beny Bahadre. 
 
 As by thefe letters it appears, that a correfpondence, and fteps to a negociation are ftill car- 
 rying on between the Nabob and Shujah Dowla, we think it abfolutcly neceflary to have a 
 gentleman ftationed at the durbar, to fend us the neceflary advice, on this and many other ma- 
 terial points ; and as in the prefent fituation of affairs it would be too much time loft to fend a 
 refident from hence ; 
 
 Agreed, Mr. Batfon be appointed to attend conftantly at the Nabob's court, and that we do 
 write him the following inftruflions. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 As the conftant attention which Major Carnac is at prefent obliged to pay to the motions of 
 the enemies, and the operations of our own army, may prevent him fromobtainingand fending 
 us the neceflary information of what pafles from the Nabob's court, we have thought proper to 
 appoint you refident at the Durbar : we diredt therefore, that you enter upon this office imme- 
 diately on receipt hereof, tranfmitting to us dailv advice of every thing that occurs. 
 
 By the enclofed copies of fome letters which have palled between the Nabob, Shujah 
 Dowlah, Beny Bahadre, and others, you'll perceive that terms have been propdfed for a nego- 
 (jiation i but we have yet heard nothing on this fubjeJ\ from the Major ; we muft defire you will 
 ji yfc .» inform
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 inform yourfelf, as far as you can difcover, what may be the Nabob's motives and views in 
 iuch a fche.-ne, and whatlleps have been taken in it; for our own part wc arercfolvcd to enter 
 into no treaty with ShujaDowIa, inilefs Meer Coffim, Sombre, and our dcfcrters, be firft put 
 into our hands, as a preliminary ; you will therefore acquaint the Nabob that this is our rcfo- 
 lution, alluring him we will accede to no treaty he fliall make, on any other terms. 
 
 In our letter to Major Carnac of the 3d April laft, wc defired he would inform himfelf, and 
 advile us of the ftate of the Nabob's finances, and how they are manaoed ; the ftate of the 
 number, and expenceof, his army; the names of the principal officers he employed, and depends 
 upon, and of the principal perfons about his court, and in his councils ; we have aifo defued in 
 later letters to the Major, that he would apply to the Nabob for general orders on the naibs of 
 Moorfhedabad and Dacca, to pay us whatever fums we may have^occafion to demand, on our 
 receipt, in order to aflift in defraying our prefent heavy expences, and for tuncaws for twentv 
 laaks of rupees towards the payments of loiTcs from the reftitution fund. The execution of all 
 thefe points will now become your duty, and we defire you will exert your beft endeavours to 
 fatisfy our inquiries, and obtain ihc orders and tuncaws as foon as poffible; we fhould think 
 a compliance with the money demands cannot fubjef): tlie Nabob to any inconvenience, as he 
 has had the time in his hands for making the heavy collections of the year, and no lur'^e dif- 
 burfements that we know of. 
 
 We have acquainted Major Carnac of your appointment, and fenthim a crpy of thefe inftruc- 
 tions, recommending to carry on any bufmefs he may have with the Nabob jointly with you. ' 
 
 We have only further to recommend to you the greateft vigilance and attention, and to dcfirc 
 that you will be particularly careful in conducing yourfelf towards the Nabob, in order to 
 preferve as great a confidence as poflible between his and our government. 
 
 As Mr. Batfon may poflibly have left Patna before thefe inftruclions can reach there ; 
 
 Agreed, Mr. Billers do in that cafe take the duty of refident upon him, leaving the bufmefs 
 of the Pa;na faiSlory, as far as may be necelTary, in charge of the fecond. 
 
 Agreed therefore, that another paragraph beadded at the end of the inftruiSlions, advlfino- of 
 this our intention, and th.at the outer addrefs be to Mr. Billers in cafe of Mr. Batfon's abfencel '* 
 
 Agreed, we write to A'lajor Carnac, advifing him of this appointment, cnclofing him copy' 
 of theinftruiStions, and recommending to him, agreeably thereto, to carry on any bufinefs he 
 may have at the durbar, jointly with the refident : — further, in anfwer to his letter, that the 
 meafure of croffing over the river with part of the army, and carrying the war into Shuja Dow- 
 la's country, was only an alternative propoled on the fuppofition that it would not be in his 
 power to bring the enemy to action; that this is far from being the cafe at prefent, as they 
 have for fome time paft kept our army in a manner. Invefted ; and we would therefore by no 
 ^ean? recommend that meafure now, until he has firft brought them to action on this fide, and 
 defeated them, and then of courfe he muft purfue them, and profecute the.warin the mod ad- 
 vantageous manner : that we have now repeatedly given him our opinion for attackinsj the 
 enemy ; but if he really thinks this meafure impracticable, we defire he will acquaint us Vully 
 with his reafons, and what plan he would propofe for bringing the war to an ilfue ; and that 
 wc muft beg he will be very particular in every circumftance, that we may be enabled to form 
 a proper judgment, and co-operate with them to the utmoft of ourpower: that wedo not think 
 any confidence can be propofed in Mendee Aly Cawn, or any other perfon that dcferts from the 
 enemy, and we therefore cannot approve of his propofal to place him at the head of a body of 
 cavalry ; on the contrary we m,uft recommend his keeping a watchful eye over him, to prevent 
 his engaging in any treacherous defigns : that in raifing the Mogul cavalry, v/c (hould chufe 
 he fhould entertain only the inferior officers and private men, and give the command of them 
 to Captain Spelman and the other former officers of our cavalry : that according to the country 
 eftablifhmenr, they are for the moft part liable to be fo defrauded of their pay by their jemautdat, 
 which rendeis them remifs in their duty, and indifferent tor the good of the fervicc thry arc 
 engaged in; whereas by becoming fubject to our difcipline, and receiving their pay in a re- 
 gular manner, we may expedi they will in a fhort time be attached to us and our officers, as 
 much as our feapoys are. 
 
 H, Watts, Henry Vansittart, 
 
 Samuel MinnLETON, J. Spencer. 
 
 R. f/EYCtvSTER, 
 
 John BuRotTT. 
 
 Confultatipn, 7th June 17J64. 
 
 The Prefident lays before the Board the folio wing. Letter, which l\c has 
 received from Mr. Billers. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 1 have received your favour of the 12th inftant. On the 23d in the morning, the enemy 
 left the ground where they have for fome time laid encamped, and retired about three cofs from 
 our army, where they again pitched their tents ; we have not been able to difcover with certainty, 
 
 . -■ . - . whether
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 whether the whole or only part of their forces remain there ; at lead there Is reafon to believe, 
 from the motion of their baggage and fome other circumftances, that their intentions are to 
 quit our neighbourhood. 
 
 Major Carnac having thought proper to fix the departure of the private letters from hence to 
 two days in the week only; you will not be alarmed if the dauks do not arrive with you io 
 frequently as ufual. 
 
 I am, dear Sir, 
 patna. Your moft obedient humble Servant, 
 
 the 25th May 1764 William Billers. 
 
 He further acquaints, that by a letter from the Nabob of the 25th May, he is advifed that 
 Shuja Dowja, difpirited by the ill fuccefs of his troops in the Sircar Serang country, and of 
 thole colledtcd under the Rajah of Carrickpore, had broke up his camp the 23d, and was re- 
 tirino^ towards his own dominions, but he (the Prefident) is informed by other letters, that 
 their army had retreated no further than Pulwaree the 28th, and that our army ftill remained 
 in their firft encampment. 
 
 Agreed, we do write to Major Carnac, advifing him of the purport of Mr. Billers's letter, 
 and the further information which the Prefident has received : that this being the only intelli- 
 gence we had received of fuch an alteration in our affairs in the 13ahar province, we have not 
 lufficient grounds for giving him any further inftrudlions ; but that we cannot help declaring 
 ourfelves highly offended at his negleding to write to us, from the 19th to the 29th, after re- 
 ceiving our orders to write every day ; and we muft defire he will acquaint us with his reafons 
 for this difobedience : that we alfo defire to know the reafon for his having limited the departure 
 of private letters from Patna to two days in the week, as by his own letter of the 19th, he ap- 
 prehended no danger of our corrcfpondence being interrupted ; and it appears that this order 
 was not iffued till after the receipt of our diredtions to write daily, and after the enemy had 
 quitted their encampment and retired from us : that we defire in future there may be no altera- 
 tion made in the courfc of the dauks, and that the Prefident, at our defire, has accordingly 
 directed Mr. Billers to difpatch them every day as ufual : that we (hall hope for fatisfadory 
 reafons for his having fuffered the enemy to retreat fo much at their leifure without molefting 
 them ; and we (hould imagine it is unneceflary to repeat here the fentiments we have already 
 fo explicitly declared to him, forbidding any propofals for a negociatioii to be received, unlefs 
 Meer Coflim, Sombre, and our deferters, be tirlt delivered up. 
 
 Confultatlon, iith June, 1764. 
 
 Received a letter from Mr. Billers, dated the 31ft ult, acknowleging receipt of our orders of 
 the2ift, and acquainting us that the enemy had moved off, and, by the beft intelligence he 
 could get, were near the Soane. 
 
 Received a letter from Major Carnac, dated the ift inftant, acquainting us, that the enemy 
 have been fo continually fhifting their ground round the city of Patna, at the diftance of about 
 four cofs, that there was no poffibility of judging their intentions ; that he therefore could not 
 addrefs us, without the rifque of deceiving us ; and fo various were their accounts, that each 
 day's letter would have been a contradiction of the paft ; and that this has been the reafon of 
 his long filence : that it is probable, that the enemy's fo frequent change of their pofition was 
 in order to prevent his acquiring fuch a knowledge thereof, as would have enabled him to attack 
 them with advantage ; and that their cavalry has been fo properly diipofed of, that he could 
 never reconnoitre without fkirmifhing, nor get near enough to make the neceffary difcoveries. 
 That the enemy's keeping fo fhort a diftance from him was no doubt through the hope of being 
 able to ffet into the city, or to carry off the Nabob by iome treachery, and for the better oppor- 
 tunity of debauching our troops; and that his precautions have effciSlually defeated their 
 fchemes : that one of the Nabob's officers in the city had engaged to give the enemy admiflion 
 at his poft ; he had him hanged at the place which he was appointed to defend. 'I'hat three 
 Frenchmen have got off to the enemy, a fourth was taken in the attempt, for which he ordered 
 him inftantly to be hanged, without the ceremony of the court martial ; and that no attempt has 
 been made fince. That Shuja Dowla, finding himfelf deceived in the fond hopes he had of 
 carryino- all before him, has evidently, for fome time paft, wanted to introduce a negociation, 
 in order that he might go back, and yet lave his credit. That he has letters in proof thereof 
 from moft of his great men, which, he thinks, are diiftatedby Shuja Dowla, though his pride 
 would not permit him to make the advance directly for himfclf. That he inclofes us fome of 
 the original letters, with the copy of one which he has received from the King, rtioftly wrote in 
 his own hand; and that he has wrote him the anfwer, which he has invariably given to all 
 who have interfered : that he would hearken to no terms of accommodation whatever, unlefs 
 Meer CofTim and Sombre were firft delivered up to him. That, with regard to Captain 
 Swinton, he has acquainted the King he would comply with his requeft, provided a perfon of 
 the firft rank amongft them was fcnt to remain with him as a hoftage ; that he was in expec- 
 tation of fome one being fent accerdingly, but that the Vizier, he fuppofesj could not be 
 
 brought
 
 APPENDIX, No. b-i. 
 
 brought to fubmit to his demands. That the whole marched off the 3cth, and great part got 
 to the mouth ot the Soane thut evening, and that he cxpefted fhortly to hear ol their havi!i>- 
 crofled it. That he is fclefting a detachment to be crofled directly o\ er to the Gauzepoor 
 country, under the command of Major Champion, where he {hall order him to do a'l the mif- 
 chief hecan till the rains are fet in, during which he may canton at Chupra, and the whole 
 may then be ready to renew the campaign in the enemy's country the moment the feafon will 
 admit of it. 
 
 That we are determined to profecute the war againft ShujaDowla; and bein'^ of opinion 
 that the rains will not be any impediment to the operations ; but, on the contrary, with ret^ard 
 to receiving provifions and ftores, lather a convenience, from the advantage of the rivers, we 
 hereby direct, that he do immediately put the army in motion, leaving the necelTary garifons 
 in Patnaand Mongheer, and crol's the Soane, and purfue the enemy as far as the Gan'^es, oppn- 
 fite to Denaras, endeavouring, if poffible, to bring them to an aftion. That in any operations 
 on the other fide of the river, it is our view to make as much advanta2;e as we can, without 
 lefl'.ning greatly the ftrength of our army, by the detachment that is fent ; that they may 
 tiiertforc endeavour to take polFelfion of the Gauzypoor country, and collcfl its revenues, to 
 aflifl: in defraying the expi-nces of the war; that we dcfire the officer commanding may be 
 iniiruiileJ,and that itmay alfo be obfcrved asageneral rule on all other occafions, to prevent any 
 lavages being committed on the country, or injuries being done to the inhabitants; on the 
 contrary, that all manner of encouragement and proteftion be given them, in order to gain 
 their afteftioiis. That wc have diredled Captain Grant, with the two battalions of fcepovs, 
 and two guns, whi:harcat Jelliagurree, to march on to Patna, from whence they may be 
 ordered on fuch fcrvice as the Major may think proper. That having many neccflarv and 
 material points to fettle with the Nabob, we have wrote to him and Mr. Batfon to come down 
 to Calcutta, and have defired the Nabob to leave with the Major fuch part of his cavalry as he 
 thinks may be of fcrvice, and recommended to him to difcharge all the ufelefs troops of his 
 army ; alio to deliver into the Major's hands fecurities for the payment of two lacks of rupees a 
 qionili, to defray the expcnces of the army. 
 
 Fort William, the 14th June 1764. 
 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Efquire, Prefident. 
 Commodore Tinker, 
 John Spencer, Efquire, 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Samuel Middleton, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efquire, 
 John Burdett, Efquire. 
 Mr. Watts indifpofed. 
 
 Received alettcr from Major Carnac, dated the 5th inftant, acquainting us, that he forgot in 
 his laft addrefs to acknowledge the receipt of our fevcral letters of the 14th, 17th, and 2lfl ult. and 
 that he has fince received tliat of the 24th. That the plan he has purfued, has been to thj 
 full as difagreeable to them, as he finds it is to us ; yet the ilate of our affairs fecmed to require 
 it, and fo probably we would ourfelves have judged, had we been upon the fpot ; that had he 
 ailed othcrwife, he mull have run counter to the unanimous fentiments of all the principal 
 officers whom he confulted upon the occafion, which was more than he could anfwer to, where To 
 much was at flake : that the event has in fome meafure decided in favour of this fentiment, as 
 the enemy have been reduced to the neceffity of withd.'awing, without his putting any thing to 
 therifk: that our army, if (launch, was a full match for the enemy, mull by all be readily. 
 allowed; but it was generally believed, efpecially by fuch as had been witnellls of the former 
 ill behaviour, that dilafFcdlion ftill prevailed amongft many of the Europeans, which was 
 reftrained from breaking forth, only through the fear of punifhment, and the want of opportu- 
 nity ; and that a nun.ber would have deferred, but that it was rendered exceedingly difficult fo to 
 do, by the pofition he had taken, and the good look-out that was kept : that hov/ far the fpirit of 
 mutiny is yet fiom being thoroughly quelkd, we may judge from the proceedings of a general 
 court martial held on two men, which he indoles : that he thinks it very natural the Nabob 
 fhould be very dcfirous of holding the nczamut by virtue of the Royal phlrmaund, the religion as 
 well as education of all Mufi'ulmcn teaching them to regard this ;is the only regular conltituted 
 authority ; yet Meer Jaffier has not appeared to them to be of himfelf over forward for a negotia- 
 tion : that in this particular he certainly has been influenced by Roy Dulub, who has all along 
 been cxtiemely delirous of one : that hte well knows mefi'.iges frequently pafied between hi(n 
 and the enemy on the fubjecl, but as this was not the proper channel, he gave himftlf little 
 trouble about it, and deemed it iinneccflary to give us any : that when offers were made to him- 
 felf, the reality whereof he was allured of, lie immediately communicated them, with his 
 anfwers, which were contormable to our orders: that he deferred forwarding the letter from 
 the Prcfidcnt to Sliuja Dowla, in hopes he might at length be induced to deliver up .Meer 
 
 E e Coflim 

 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 67. 
 
 CoiTiili and Sombre, for the getting of whom into our hands, he perfuaded himfelf we would 
 with pleafure have facrificed our refentment againft Shuja Dov/la ; but as that point is not 
 lilcely to be obtained, it will fcrve as an introduflion of our detachment into his country, and 
 he will take care to have it tranfmitted to him by the firft fafe opportunity, with one from himfelf 
 to the famepurpofe: that the Nabob is very ready to make the feveral aflignm.ents we require, 
 but wiflies to have it deferred till his arrival in Calcutta, for which place he purpofes fhortly 
 fetting out, and is extremely anxious that himfelf (hould accompany him : that he only waics 
 our permiiTion to come down accordingly, to prepare for his paffage home, which he is deter- 
 mined to take this (eafon : that the enemy are all over the Soane, and Major Champion has 
 eroded the Ganges, but his embarkation was a good deal retarded by the ftrong eafterly winds 
 which have of late prevailed : that the detachment confifts of upwards of three hundred Euro- 
 peans, rank and file, including the marines, and Captain Mangcnt's Company, three battalions 
 of feapoys, with 5 fix-pounders, and 2 or 3 fmaller pieces : that he has gleaned the foreigners 
 from this detachment, and would recommend their being difarmcd (except fome few, of whofe 
 attachment he is convinced) and fent to ferve on board his Majefty's fhips: that by this means 
 a confidence may again be acquired in our troops, without which no vigorous mealure can ever 
 be undertaken. 
 
 This letter of the Major's having been fully confidered ; 
 
 Agreed, V/e do write him the following anfwer — 1 hat we think it abfolutely necelTary to 
 proceed a-'ainfl: Shuja Dowla without lofs of time, nor flop till we have convinced him that we 
 are capable of adiiig offenfively as well as defenfively ; otherwife we fhall without doubt be 
 liable to have the provinces invaded, whenever the ftate of affairs in his own country will admit 
 of his turning his thoughts this way: that we muft therefore (with the exception herein after 
 mentioned) repeat our orders of the nth inflant, for the army's croffing the Soane without 
 delays and we have great reafon to believe, that the plan therein laid down will be rendered 
 more effedual by the attacks which it is probable Shuja Dowla will receive from Gauzoordin- 
 Cawn, the Jauts, and the Marattas, who are reported to be actually on their march to invade 
 his country : that we have always been of opinion, and ftill continue to think, that the force 
 under his command is quite fufficient to ad offenfively againft Shuja Dowla; and that himfelf 
 was of the fame opinion, in his letter of the 17th of April, which was fome time after the 
 mutiny, and before he was joined by Captain Weymyfs's detachment : that we muftalfo here 
 repeat our fentiments, that a fpirit of mutiny is much more likely to break out in an army 
 adlino- upon a defenfive, than an offenfive, plan, however he mentions, that the principal 
 officers have all along agreed with them in the expediency of ailing defenfively. We delire 
 he will now communicate our orders of the nth inftant, and this letter, to the other field 
 officers, the commandant of the King's troops of the Bombay detachment, and of the artillery, 
 and the three fenior captains, which with his own is in all nine voices, and let them give their 
 opinions feparately in writing, whether they think our plan pradticable with the force at prefent 
 under his command — If not, what addition of troops will be requifite, that we may reinforce 
 them accordingly ; it being abfolutely neceffary, for the reafons above mentioned, to ad upon 
 the offenfive : that thefe opinions, after taking a copy, he will pleafe to tranfmit immediately to 
 us, and if two thirds of their opinions fhould concur, that the prefent force is infufficient for 
 executing the plan propofed, we would not have the army advance further than the banks of 
 the Soane, until the reinforcements arrive ; and we defire he will, in fuch cafe, caution Major 
 Champion not to advance fo far as to be compelled to engage with a force too fuperior to his 
 own : that fuch of the foreigners, particularly Frenchmen, whom he has reafon to fufped of 
 being mutinoufly inclined, we defire he will fend down to Calcutta ; and that we have ordered 
 Captain Kinlock to march up immediately with his company : that we have already, oftener 
 than once, expreffed a defire of feeing the Nabob in Calcutta, and are glad to find he intends 
 coming foon: that with regard to the Major's requeft, he has our permiflion to come down 
 whenever he thinks proper, leaving all our inftruflions with Major Champion, for his 
 government in commanding the army. 
 
 SAMUEt MiDDLETON, HeNRY VaN SiTTART, 
 
 R.Leycester, J.Spencer, 
 
 John Burdett. 
 
 At a Confultation, 21 June 1764; PRESENT, 
 The Honourable Henry Van Sittart, Efquire, Prefident, 
 Commodore Tinker, 
 John Spencer, Efquire, 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire, 
 Hugh Watts, Efquire, 
 Samuel Middleton, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efijuire, 
 Mr. Burdett, indifpofed. '. 
 
 The
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 The Confultation of the iSth inftant being wrote fair, was now read, and approved. 
 
 Received the following letter from Major Carnac, dated the loth inftant :— Myr Bychu hns 
 been again with me, and brought me letters from tlie King Munyr o Dowlah, and bhakir 
 o Dowlah, with afTiirances that Myr Commftiould be arreted and punifhed ; and Shuj:i Dowlah 
 has himfclf wrote to me, declaring he would abide by what Munyr o Dowlah promifcs. I have 
 returned with him this general aniwer : that nothing could procure them a reconciliation with 
 the Englilh, and their friendfliip, but the adtual delivery to us of Myr Coffim and S.-mbre. 
 The Nabob and his MiniftcrS are of opinion that this will at lead: be confented to : I cannot 
 fay I flatter myfelf with fo happy an event ; yet, whilll there are the faintcft hopes of thefo 
 villains being configned to our vengeance, furely we owe fo much regard to the memory of our 
 murdered friends and countrymen, to try to bring it about; to cffecl which, I think we ought 
 readily to fcrgivc Shujah Dowlah's invafion. I entirely concur with you, Geatlemen, that peace 
 ought not to be made with him upon any other terms ; and that he is defirous of an accommo- 
 dation feems probable, from his having difpatchcd cxpreflcs tojrall to him Shitabroy, who is 
 daily expelled at their camp. Shujah Dowlah muft come to a fpeedy determination, as the 
 Icene of war is now (hifcing towards his country. Major Champion havinij begun his march, 
 though I fear he will not be able to proceed far, as the rains appear to be fettin"- in, and our 
 troops have fufFered Co much from the former campaign as not to have ftrensjth fufficient to bear 
 the fatigues of another ; however, they may be cantoned fo near as to havci^ in thrir power, in 
 cafe matters be not accommodated, to commence the campaign in the enemy's country early the 
 next fcdioii, by which time it is to be hoped our army may be Co weeded and reformed as to a£t 
 wiiii a confidence of fuccefs. 
 
 I have been favoured with your letter of the 29th ultimo. I fliall give over all thoughts of 
 employing Mendy Aly Cawn, as you difapprove thereof; but muft beg leave to differ from you 
 in opinion, that a ferviceable body of cavalry can be formed upon the plan you propofe; the 
 Moguls, v;ho are the only good hcrfemen in the country, can never be brought to fiibmit to the 
 ill treatment they neceflarily receive from gentlemen wholly unacquainted with their lani'uaice 
 and cuftoms. Wedaily fee the ill effects of this among our feapoys, and it will be inuch more 
 amongft horfemen, who deem themfelves of a far fuperior clafj ; nor have we a fufficiency of 
 ofRcers for the purpofe. 1 am forty to fay, not a fingle one qualified to afford a profpc«5l of fuc- 
 cefs to fuch a project. Captain Spelman is entirely wore out, and no longer he for fervice in the 
 field. 
 
 Received two letters from Mr. Batfon, dated the 9th and loth inftant ; the former acquainting 
 u^. That he has taken charge of his office at the durbar; that a correfpondertce has been fonie 
 time opened bctv.-ejii the King, Shujah Dowla, Beny Bahadre, and others, and the Nabob ; 
 and that Major Carnac has alfo received letters from them; that he finds the Nabob has an 
 inclination to treat and come to an accommodation with the enemy, though there appears to 
 him but few figns of fincerity on their part ; neither can he conceive what motives or views 
 the Nabob can have therein ; that he conjectures he is defirous of making a friend of Shujah 
 Dowla, at prcfent a troublefome and dangerous enemy to him, and that he wifiies to fee his 
 interefl ftrengthen.'d by his alliance, rather than to depend upon us alone for fupport ; and he 
 fuppofes, for the accomplifhment of thefe ends, he is willing to make confiderable facrifices : 
 that in the frefh letters from the King, fchujah Dowlah, &c. they are very earnef} for havino- 
 Captain Swinton fcnt to them, in order to promote an accommodation ; and they promife 
 Meer CofTim fhall be puniflied, but not delivered up, of which letters he will procure and fend 
 us copies ; that the Nabob promifed to give him an anfwcr the next day to his application for 
 general orders on the naibs of Moorfhedabad and Dacca, and the 20 laaks of rupees towards 
 the reftitution fund ; and that he fhall inform himfclf as particularly as poffible, and duly advife 
 us on the other points recommended in his inftruflions, as well as of every thina; that pafles at 
 the durbar, worthy our notice. In the fecond letter he intorms us, that the Nabob fays, he 
 cannot give the general orders required, nor the money for the reftitution fund, until the Poonea 
 is paft, which is to be fixed in a ihort time ; Sh.iiabroy is fhortly expelled, in order to carry on 
 a treaty for an accommodation, though he knows not what good can be expciSed from it ; and that 
 the Nabob thinks Shujah Dowlah will demand the province of Bahar, in return for the delivery 
 of Meer Coffim. 
 
 Thefe letters having been read, and confidered; 
 
 Agreed, We write the Major the following anfwer : 
 
 The object v.e have in view is the fame as your's ; that is to fay, the obtaining the fur- 
 render of Meer CofTun, Sombre, and our deferters, into our hands ; but wc always have 
 been, and (till continue to be of opinion, that wc never fhall carry on this point, or any other, 
 by negotiation, unlefs our army is at the fame time in condition, and actually in motion, to 
 enforce the demand. In our laft, we defircd the opinion of the nine principal officers, whether 
 they think our force fufficient to a(St ofFenfivcly againft Shujah Dowla ? If they do, a vit^orous 
 \ife of that force is the moft certain way to ob;..in the conceflinns wc require : if not, to treat is 
 only to expofc our own weaknefs ; for it never can be fuppofed that Shujah Dowla will give up 
 points fo much to his own diftionour, to an enemy, whom he is convinced is capable of acting 
 
 aEiainIt
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 againft him in all cafes. Therefore we are of opinion that no good can come by treatinT^, but 
 that it may be productive of dangerous confcquences, from the opportunity it may afford the 
 enemy of carrying on treacherous defigns under that cover. For thefe rcafons, we have fre- 
 Cjucntly, in former letters, forbid treating on any other terms than the preliminary before men- 
 tioned ; and, for the further explanation of our fentiments, we now pofitively diredt, that the 
 next nieffenger who comes from the enemy's camp be fcnt back, with an anfwer in writiiig to 
 Sujah Dowla, declaring plainly. That he is not to hope for a reconciliation with us on any 
 other terms than the furrender of Mcer Coilim, Sombre, and our defertcrs ; and thit any perfon 
 whatfoevL-r, who afterwards may come to the camp with any other propofals, fliall be impri- 
 foncd as afpyj and if, notwithftanding this declaration, any fuch fliould come, you are, 
 without fail, to treat him accordingly. 
 
 As we perceive, by Mr. Batfon's letters, that the Nabob feems much inclined to an accom- 
 niod.'.tion, and thinks that ShujahDovvlah will probably require fome concellions on our part, 
 fuch even as the furrender of the province of Bahar ; we judge it necefl'ary to acquaint you that 
 we will notconfentto the giving of any money on theccflions of any territory, either as Jagheer 
 or othcrwife ; and that notliing Ihall be ftipulated on our part, in return for his compliance with 
 our demands, but a promife, that we will not invade his country in return for his attack upon 
 us, nor join or afTift his enemy. 
 
 All tnefe directions we mean fhall be equally binding on the Nabob as yourfelf, our interefts 
 in this rcfpcct being infeparable ; and we therefore direct, that no mefiages be fuffered to pafs 
 between him and tne enemy, nor treaty be carried on between them on any other terms than 
 thofe prcfcribed to you ; and ofcourfe, that noceffions of money or territory to Shuja Dowla 
 be allowed of; you will accordingly acquaint the Nabob with the directions we have given you, 
 with relpect to any mefiengers from Shuja Dowla, defiring he will give the fame anfwer to the 
 firft mellenger who comes to him, and inform him that we expedt he will treat all who may 
 come afterwards in the manner we have ordered you. 
 
 With the copies oi the letters you ient us from the King, &c. you omitted to forward copies 
 of your anfwers, neither have you fent us the letters which Meer Coffim brought at his lafl 
 coming ; we dtfire you will fend us thofe, as well as the copies of all your correfpondence with, 
 the country powers, that after perufal they may be tranfmitted to the Court of Diredtors : Wc 
 further defire you will fend us a copy of the orders you have given to Major Champion ; and 
 that it may be always a rule, when any furh confiderable detachments are fent out, to tranfmit 
 us a copy of the inftru(Stions given to the officer in the command. 
 
 You fpcak of Ivlajor Champion's carrying the war into Shuja Dowla's country as a meafure 
 to be purfiied, if the rains do not prevent him : We defire to know the plan upon which you 
 intend he fhould proceed ; as we cannot conceive how you can fuppofe him, with the part of 
 the army under his command, to be able to adt offenfively in Shuja Dowla's own country, 
 when you with the whole army could not take the field againil: him here, or attack him when 
 he was within a fuigle m.Trch of the city of Patna; and how the whole army will be more able to 
 a£t offenfively after the rains than they have in this campaign. 
 
 Confultation 25th June 1764. 
 
 Received a letter from Major Carnac, dated the i6th inftant, acquainting us that the 
 detachment he ordered over the Ganges has procured the efFeft he expefted from it ; for upon 
 advice of their having crofTed the Dewa, and begun hoftilities in the diftriits of Gauzypoor, 
 Shuja Dowla has judged it nccetrary to retire towards his own country ; that whilft he con- 
 tinued in the neighbourhood of the Soane the Major did not think proper to quit hisftation near 
 Patna; but he now propofcs eroding the Ganges himfelf immediately, though he fears himfejf 
 the feafon is too far advanced for his being able to do much more than ftrike the alarm, the 
 troops already beginning to feel the efteits of acting in the rains. 
 
 Received two letters from the refident at the durbar, dated the 14th and i6th inflant ; the 
 former inclofing a lift of the principal officers employed at the Nabob's court ; and acquainting 
 us, that Nundcomar Roy is the perfon in whom he chiefly confides, and by whofe advice he is 
 guided in all principal affairs ; and that next to him the Kinfmen Haken Beg are in the greateft 
 trufl : that the Kealiram, a perfon belonging to Shitab Roy, is come from the enemy with 
 letters, and meffages and letters are frequently coming; that as far as he can judge thev are 
 endeavouring to prevail on the Nabob not to takeaway the jagheers pofTefied by Shuja Dowla 
 and other principal perfons belonging to him and the King, and to prevent Major Champion's 
 expedition againft Gauzypoor from being put in execution. In the fecond he indoles a paper 
 of news lately received from Delly, explaining the difpofitions of the chief powers of Indof^an 
 towards one another, and confirms the intelligence contained in the Major's letter, as to Shuja 
 Dowla's further retreat. 
 
 Shuja Dowla having now decamped from his laft poft on the other fide of the Soane, and 
 taken the rout towards his own country, there remains no kind of argument for the Nabob's 
 making any longer (lay at Patna : a. id as the points which wc have to fettle with him aie of 
 the moft ellential confequencelor the fecurity both of his government and our own ; 
 
 Agreed, 
 
 '^
 
 APPENDIX, Noi67. 
 
 Agreed, Wc wiitc to Mr. Batfon, defiring he will repeat to the Nabob for his comin" to 
 Calcutta in the mod urgent manner, and prevail on him to fet out without Jofs of lirni. — In 
 further explanation ot the Company's orders in regard to the method of conducting the 
 correfpondence with the country government, and with a view to render their intentions in this 
 point more effectual. 
 
 Confultatlon, 28th June 1764. 
 Received the following letter from Major Carnac, dated the 17th inilant. 
 
 Some time after the difpatch of my addrefs to you yefterday I received your letter of the 7th, 
 together with its duplicate. 
 
 I have already ailigned to you the reafon of my fo feldom writing to you ; viz. that I was 
 unwilling to deceive you, which I niuft have frequently done liad 1 wrote daily, fo various wcro 
 the movements, and contradictory our accounts, of the enemy ; whenever I had certain 
 intelligence I never failed immediately communicating it to you. 
 
 It was natural enough to conjecture that the enemy, as they had not been able to effect any 
 thing, would be for going away ; and upon this conjecture Air. Biliers, I fuppofe, gave his 
 information ; for they had been only fhifting their ground for fcvtral days, and did not actually 
 move ort" till the 30th ultimo, nor did they take any Pulwarry road; and of this movement we 
 were brought in doubt the next day by a pair of Hircarrahs, who declared they were jult come 
 in from tiicm, and that they had drawn nearer to us. It was necellary to be fully alcertaincd 
 in fo material a point before 1 wrote to you : by a reconnoitring party I found thefe Hircarrahs 
 had grolly inipofed upon me (I have fome fufpicion they were tutored fo to do) and this occa- 
 fioned a delay of one day in aiUlrefling you. 
 
 So many letters were daily difpatched from camp, that ourdauks, in cafe of b?ing intercepted, 
 had it not in their power to fecrete their packet ; I therefore, upon advice that the Kiviningpur 
 Rajah had croflcd fome people over the river, thought it bed to limit the private correfpond- 
 ence to twice a week, that fo the public letters might have a better chance of pafling, which 
 were itill to go in the ufual courfe ; fo that Mr. Billers had no occafion to delay the forwarding 
 bis letter to the Prcfident : I don't recollect the exad; time when I recommended this regula- 
 tion to take place, but it was foon difcontinued. 
 
 Ijudgcd the pulhing a ftrong detachment over the Ganges, and entering the enemy's country' 
 by thr.t fide, to be the mod effectual means of precipitating them homewaris ; and this we fee 
 has anfvvercd, I doubt, if they had not been obliged to look to their own frontier, whether they 
 •would have i'o quickly quitted ours ; and as their principal force confifts in cavalry, which 
 appears to be extremely good, and to be well vcrfed in what their peculiar advantages confift, 
 they might have led us about the country, without aiming to any thing decifive. 
 
 Read the letter inclofed from Major Champion to Major Carnac. 
 
 Agreed wc write the following anfwcr to the letter from MajorCarnac. 
 
 That v.e are refolvcd to continue the war againft Shuja Dowla, until he fubmits to the 
 conditions we have prefcribed ; viz. the delivery of Mccr Coflim, Sombre, and our dcfertcrs ; 
 that the objt(St therefore of the detachment on the north fide of the Ganges muft be to prevent 
 Shuja Dov.'la from crofling the river, by dedroying any bridges he has made, or may attempt to 
 make, over it ; taking pollelTion at the fame time of as large tract of his country as they can, 
 and, ifpofiible, of the city of Benaras, and coliecSting the revenues ; but avoiding all manner 
 of plunder and ravage ; particularly fliould the detachment advance fo far as to fcize the city 
 of Benaras, fpecial caie mud be taken that no plunder is committed there : that we fuppofe the 
 remainder of the army which was left at Patna, has, agreeably to our orders of the 14th, 
 advanced to the banks of theSoane; if not, that this will be a nccedary caution, as long as 
 Shuja Dowla remains on this fide the Ganges, to prevent his recrofling info Bengal; and the 
 army likewife, from that dation, will be nearer at hand to join Major Champion, or to rein- 
 torce him, in cafe Shuja Dowla (hould ha\e marched fo fad as to get to Benaras before him, or 
 any other circunidances render it ncccfiary : that whenever Shuja Dowla fliall fubmit to the 
 terms above mentioned, wc defircour troops may be withdrawn out of his territories. 
 
 F f No.
 
 APPENDIX, Nq. 6S. 
 
 No. 68. .") 
 
 Fort William the 20th February, 1765. 
 
 To John Johnftone, 
 
 Afcanius William Senior, 
 Samuel Middleton, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efquires. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 TJAVING thought proper to nominate you a deputation from the board to get the treaty 
 ^^ with the new Nabob, Najini ul Dowla, and fome confequent arrangements and inftrudlions 
 executed, we herewith enclole the treaty in two copies, executed on our part ; and when the 
 Nabob has acceded to the articles on his, you will deliver our copy to remain in his pofTeflion, 
 and return the other to us; you will afterwards fee him feated in due form on themufnud, and 
 caufe proclamation to be made of his acceffion at the city, and places adjacent, giving us im- 
 mediate advice thereof, that we may have him alfo proclaimed at Calcutta, the army, and the 
 fubordinate faftories. 
 
 For your more particular information and government on the fuhjeft of your deputation, and 
 the other inftruftions we have to give you, we refer you to the enclofed extr.icSl from our Con- 
 fultation of the 14th inilant, and recommend your proper attention to the whole, and that you 
 will keep us punctually and fully advifed thereon. 
 
 With refpeft to the bufinefs intended to be allotted between Roydulub and Nundcomar, we 
 have however to defire here, that when you have made fuch a divifion thereof as you think 
 will, agreeably to our intentions, bring their powers nearly upon an equality, you will advife 
 and explain the fame to us for our further inftructions, before it is carried into execution, 
 and in the mean time the collections are to be continued in the hands they now are. 
 
 The late Nabob having thought proper to confidcr the fervices of the fquadron under 
 the command of Mr. Tinker, by giving them a grant for twelve laaks and a half of 
 rupees, we promifed our affiftance for procuring the punctual payment thereof, fo far as 
 it might appear to us in his power confiftent with the performance of the engagements 
 of his treaty ; we have therefore further to recommend your engaging the new Nabob to 
 a confirmation of the grant ; and herewith we enclofe a copy of the terms to be left 
 with the Prefident at the durbar, that he may afterwards prefs the payments as they become 
 due. We underftand that a fmall balance of the donation to the army remains ftill unpaid, 
 which you will therefore alfo endeavour to procure the immediate difcharge of. 
 
 The officers in command of the troops ftationed at the city will receive the orders of 
 the deputation through Mr. Johnftone, 
 
 Wc are. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft obedient Servants, 
 
 t^o. 69.
 
 APPENDIX, No. 69, 70. 
 
 No. 6g. 
 
 Extract of Company's fcparate Letter to Bengal, 24 December 1765. 
 
 Par. 5. 'T*HE war being begun againft Coflim Aly Khan, we approve the mcnfurcs j'oii 
 •*■ took in conducting it till the battle of Buxar. But the demand of the Gau7.e- 
 poor country, the undertaking to conquer Souja Dowla's country for the King, and the 
 treaty you have made with him, we {hall give our opinion of feparately. The demand 
 you made of having Coflim Aly Khan, Sombre, and the d?fertcrs, delivered up to you 
 w.'S confiftent with the objedts of the war, and your fuccefs entitled vou to add repa- 
 ration lor the cxpcnccs of the war ; but to demand the GauzSpoor country, a frontier 
 iu! rounded with v/arlike people, we conceive was a meafure by no means adequate to the 
 end propiMcd, and abfolutely a contradiction to our repeated dire£lions not to extend our 
 pofleflions. The anxiety we feel on this occafion is not to be compared to v/hat wc fufFcr 
 at the eiigngement you have entered into with the King to conquer Souja Dowla's coun- 
 iV-if for him ; had you pufhed on after the battle of Buxar, the force of yoiy arms mjift 
 f<^6n have brought Souja Dowla to confent to your terms ; but giving away his coiinrH' 
 rendered him dtfperjte. In his conference with Major Munro, he plainly tells you li'e 
 can expect no afliftance till you have conquered the country, and then he Ihall have 
 friends cpopgh ; and the iflue, as far as your advices reach, is fuch as we imagined ; 
 you are entai^gled by your connections with him, feeni to doubt whether you can accept 
 even your own terms from Souja Dowla, and in the mean time your new ally fo far 
 from a fupport is even to be fupported in the expences of his houl'ehold; and Nudje^f 
 Cavn, the oniv man the King pretended to a connection with, by your laft advices, is 
 marching ?gainft you. 
 
 Far. 17. Wc arc- much concerned for the death of Jaffir Ally Cawn, the mnre fo for the 
 criti.al j :ncture at which it happened, while the army was at fo great a diftance ; the 
 acknowledging his fon feems to have been the moft prudent meafure for preferving thfe 
 tranquill ty of the country ; wc wifh this circumftance may have checked your views of 
 conuuering Suj a Dowla's country for the King; a fcheme which feems to exclude all pof- 
 fihilityof peace, which alone can make our fuccefibs profitable; nor are we without our 
 apprehenfions that you may be led on to fupport the King in his claims to the whole 
 empire ; for as you have, by taking pollcnion of the Gauzcpoor country, deviated from 
 our repeated orders, and departed from the fpirit of our political views, not to enlarge 
 our poflenions, fo we know not what bounds can flop you when our orders piove 
 inelFedtual. 
 
 Par. 18. The converting the temporary aflignment of five lacks per month info a per- 
 petual one would be an enlargement of our revenue that would be flattering indeed, could 
 we pcrfuade ourfclves it was confiftent with that permanency which is our only object, 
 and with the peace of the country ; but unlefs we find you adopt fome fyftem which 
 clearly marks out the barriers of the country government and ours, how they may aid and 
 fupport each other, and unite their ftrength againft all foreign enemies, wc fliall deem all 
 thofe advantages merely temporary, and this height of profperity fubjedt to a fatal reverfe, the 
 firft check our arms may m'et with. 
 
 Par. 19. As our fervants have too readily laid hold of every opportunity to cxndt con- 
 tributions, or procure donations from the late Nabob, wc hope nothing of this kind has 
 happened upon the fucccflion of his fon, the prefent Nabob ; however we would have you 
 make the Itricteft enquiry therein, and inform us of every circumftance, if any fuch 
 exadtions have been made, and in particular of the names and condudt of all and every 
 the fevcral pcrfons concerned, and oblige them to refund the amount thereof into the 
 Company's cafli for our further orders. ''-' ' '"^ 
 
 No. 70. 
 
 £}»tra6t of Company's Letter to Bengal, 19th February 1766. 
 . ' '.^.,fi',:, .' ., . ;. 
 
 27. TXrlTFt rcfpe£t to the treaty with Nazcm-o-Dowla, it is proper here to infert gt 
 '*♦ length the 5th article, which runs in thefe words : " I do ratify ajid confirm 
 " to the Englifh, the privilege granted them by their phirmaund and fcveial hufbulhoo- 
 " kums, of carrying on their trade by means of their own duftuck, free from all deities, 
 " taxes, or impofitions, in all parts of the country, excepting, in the article ol fait, on. 
 ♦' which a dut ■ ot 2 4 per cent, is to be levied on the Rov,an» or Houghly market 
 ■' " price."
 
 APPENDIX, No. 71. 
 
 " price." This fifth article is totally repugnant to our orders contained in our general letter, 
 by the Kent and Lapwing, dated the ift of June 1764; in which we not only cxprelled our 
 abhorrcnce of an article in the treaty with Meer Jaffier, literally corrcfponding with the pref^nt 
 cth article, but in pofitivc terms directed you, in concert with the Nabob, to form an equitable 
 plan for carrying on the inland trade, and tranfmit the fame to us, accompanied by fuch expla- 
 nations and rcnuuks as might enable us to give our fentimcnts and diredtions thereupon. We 
 mult remind you too, that in our faid general letter we cxprefsly diredrd, that our orders in 
 our letter of the 8th February preceding, which were to put a final and efFeftual end to the 
 inland tiadc ill fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, and in all other articles produced and confumcd 
 in the country, fliould remain in force until an equitable and fatisfactory plan could be 
 formed and adopted : as therefore there is not the le.ift latitude given you ibr concluding 
 any treaty whaifoever rcfpeding this inland trade, we niuft and do confider what you 
 have done as an exprefs breach and violation of our orders, and as a determined refolution 
 to facrifice the interefl: of the Company and the peace of the country to lucrative and 
 felf.fh yicvvs. 
 
 This unaccountable behaviour puts an end to all confidence in thofe who made this treaty, 
 and forces us to refolve on mcafures for the fupport of our authority and the prefcrvation 
 of the Company. We do therefore pronounce, that every fervant concerned in that trade 
 itands guilty of a breach of his covenants with us and of our orders ; and in confequencc 
 of this rclolution, we pofitively dired, that if that treaty is now fubfifling, you make a formal 
 renunciation, by fome folemn act to be entered on yovu' records, of ail right under the faid 
 treaty, or othcrwife, to trade in f.dt, beetle nut, and tobacco; and that you tranfmit this 
 lenuiiciation of that part of the treaty in form to the Nabob in the Pcriian language. What- 
 ever government may be eltablilhed, or whatever uniorefeen circumftances may arife, it is 
 our refolution to prohibit, and we do ab.'blutely forbid ^his trade of fair, beetle nut, and 
 tobacco, and of all articles that are not for export and import; according to the fpiiit of the 
 phirmaund, which does not in the leaft give any latitude whatloever for carrying on fuch an 
 inland trade ; and moreover we fhall deem every European concerned therein, diredtly or in- 
 directly, guilty of a breach of his covenants, and diredt that he be forthwith fent to England, 
 that we may proceed againft him accordingly ; and every native who fhall avail himfelf of 
 our piotcdlion, to carry this trade on without paying all the duties due to the government, 
 equally with the reft of the Nabob's fubjeds, fliall forfeit their protedlion, and be baniftied 
 the fettlement; and we diredt that thefe refolutions be fignified publicly throughout the 
 fettlement. 
 
 No. 71. 
 Copy of the 58th Paragraph of the General Letter f.om Bengal, dated 12th November 1761. 
 
 WE directed Major Carnac and Mr. M'Gwirc, and afterwards Colonel Ccote and Mr. 
 M'Gwire, to apply, as foon as Shah AUum Ihould be acknowledged King, for funnuds 
 for the Company's pofleflions and privileges in Bengal ; viz. the Zeniindary of the Purgunnatis 
 granted by the late Nabob Jaffier Aly Cawn, the Jageers of the provinces of Burdwan, Mid- 
 napoor, and Chittagong, granted by the prefcnt Nabob, and the confirmation of the freedom 
 of our mint; we directed alfo application to be made at the fame time for the funnuds for the 
 provinces of Arcot, in the name of the Nabob Aly Verdi Cawn, otherwife called Mhamud 
 Ally Cawn, with whom we have been fo long allied : — tliefe requeits were made by Major 
 Carnac, who was detached by Colonel Coote to efcort the King to the borders of the province; 
 and the Kin" wrote upon the papers of requefls, that they (bould be granted whenever a proper 
 pelkaulh or tribute was remitted. The Major trani'mitted to us copies of the faid papers of 
 requefts with the King's fuperfcription ; and advifed us at the fame time, that the King had 
 offered to confer on the Company the duannee of Bengal, on condition of our being anfwer- 
 ablc for the royal revenues; but as we are fenfible that our accepting of this poft would 
 C3uf2 jcaloufy and ill will between us and the Nabob, we thought it more prudent to decline 
 it ; all whicli you will obferve more fully in our Conlultation of the 4ih July. 
 
 Copy of 55th Paragraph of the Company's General Letter to Bengal, dated 9th March 1763. 
 
 Your refuf.il of the duannee of Bengal offered by the King was certainly right, and we 
 are well fatisfied with the juft and prudent rcafons you s;ive for drclining that offer : however, 
 it feems fomething extraordinary to us, that at the time the King makes this advance, he 
 fhould return the applications made to him for the funnuds, to confirm our privileges and 
 pofiefllons in Bengal, granted by the late and prefcnt Nabob, in fo loofe and unUtufa&ory 
 a manner, and even to require a pifcah or prefcnt before he paflcs the order in due lorm. 
 The treat fervices we had rendered his Majcfty, and the generous treatment he met with 
 from us, as well as from our ally the Nabob, during his Aay at Patna, furely claimed a 
 more diftinguifhed treatment, and at leaft a full grant of our requeit, without fuch an 
 
 expenfuc
 
 APPENDIX, No. 72. 
 
 expenfive demand annexed; the time and manner of the refufal fcem likewife very extraor- 
 dinary ; your applications being returned at the very juncture Major Carnac was efcorting 
 him to the Carumnafla, or borders of the province; a fervice which muft then be frcfli in the 
 King's memory; and therefore we think there is reafon to apprehend the King is not 
 fo cordially attached to us as we might have expefted : however, if you judged the ob- 
 taining fuch funnuds to be abfolutely neceilary, you have, we doubt not, continued your 
 application to have them perfedcd! It was a prudent confideration in you to add to 
 your applications on this fubjec't our ally, Ally Verdi Cawn, otherwife called Mahmud 
 Ally Cawn, as Nabob of Arcot, which we fuppofc you have or will continue to do 
 when you think proper to move again in this affair; and fhould the King fucceed in hi'J 
 pretenfions to the throne, the fooner the grants are obtained, the lefs we*^ apprehend will 
 be the expencc attending it. 
 
 No. 72. 
 
 To the Honourable the Court of Directors for Affairs of the Honourable the United Company 
 of Merchants of England trading to the Kaft Indies. 
 
 Honourable Sirs, 
 
 I. nrHIS fhip, the Admiral Stevens, having been purchafed to proceed to you as a packer, 
 ■■• in confcquence of a recommendation from the Scledt Committee, we embrace the 
 opportunity of tranfmitting you by her fome general neceffary informations fince our laft 
 addrefs <^( the nth of March by the Bute. 
 
 2. You were then advifed of the arrival of the Lord Anfon, but that we had not as yet re- 
 ceived any accounts either of the remaining tranfport, the Prince of Wales, or of the Kent ; 
 the former imported with us at laft on the 17th of April, having for the purpofe of rcfrelhing 
 her recruits put in at St. Salvadore, on the Coaft of Brazil, and the Cape of Good Hope. 
 This indeed confidcrably retarded her, but the good confequences thereof were happily 
 experienced by the people, almoft all of them having been landed here in pcfect 
 health : the Kent flopped alfo at Rio Janeiro, and the latter place ; and having at Lord 
 Clive's particular defire put in afterwards at Fort St. George for a few days, and landed, 
 at the requeft of the prefidcnt and council, the recruits on board, about 50 in number, 
 arrived with us on the 3d of May, when his Lordfliip, being accompanied to town by a 
 proper deputation, took charge of the government from Mr. Spencer : a letter of thanks 
 was at the fame time addrclled to this gentleman for the regard he had {hewn to the 
 company's affairs, in continuing in the mean time to hold the charge : and at the re- 
 turn now cf the proper fcafon he will proceed immediately to his ftation at Bombay : 
 Mefiieurs Sumner and Sykes having alfo arrived, took their feats at the board, accord. ng to 
 their appointments. 
 
 3. We have only yet this feafon had the honour to receive your commands of the 2ifl of 
 November laft by the Tilbury, which (hip imported at Fort St. George the 15th of July : the 
 Horfendon and Royal Captain arrived there alfo the 23d and 24th of June ; and we fince learn 
 proceeded on their dcllination for China the 19th of July, the Tilbury being to follow them 
 about the beginning of this month : we have not received any intelligence of your other ex- 
 peded fliips on this fide, but we are apprifed from Fort Marlbo' that the Thames and Grofvenor 
 imported with them on the 28th of June and 4th of July. 
 
 4. We have further the pleafurc to acquaint you with the fafc arrival of the Earl of Middle- 
 fex at Fort St. George, the 27th of May, from Fort Malbro' and Bacavia, having been under 
 a ncteffity of returning to the laft port, after an uiifuccefsful attempt to gain her paffage agninft 
 the northerly monfoon ; and as this (hip was now on high demorage, the gentlemen thought it 
 would be for the intereft of the company to return her to Europe, and relblved to keep her ac- 
 cordingly for their firtl difpatches. We have been informed from Fort Malbro' of her having 
 with them from the French iflands the remainder of the prifoncrs of war, who were left there, 
 and chofc to return. 
 
 5. The Caernarvon failed from Fort St. George the 28th of March, and the Afia having 
 been difpatched from Bombay on the I3ih of April, to call on the co.i(i for timbers and plank 
 there provided for us, arrived here the 3d of June ; we were at the fame time advifed that the 
 Calcutta and London were under difparch to Euiopc from the prefidcncy, and of the departure 
 of the York and Talbot from Tellichcrry for Canton, on the 30th of April : from Fort St. 
 George we learn that the Duke of Gloucefter, Duke of Richmond, and Earl of Elgin, bound 
 likewife for that place, were at Batavia by the lalt advices they received from thence, 
 dated the 27th of April : the Argo frigate, with the configninent of treafure to the 
 fupra cargoes, having I'ailed by the Pitt's paffage on the agtli of January; and from 
 thefe gentlemen we are informed, under date the 5th of March, of the arrival with thi.in 
 of the Princefs Augufta on the 12th of January, and that /he was then under difpatch to 
 you together with the Earl of Lincoln, 
 
 G g 6. Having
 
 APPENDIX, No. 72. 
 
 6. Havin" taken immediately under confideration your advices with thofe we had before re- 
 ceived from the aentlemen at Fort St. George and Bombay, and from Canton, with refpe£t to the 
 fhips which would be on hand this feafon, and attending to the (late of our inveftment, and 
 other iiccelTary circumftances, we thereupon formed a difpofition of them, which is entered for 
 the fake of reference after our proceedings ; and from which you will pleafe to obferve, that 
 bcfides this packet, carrying a cargo chiefly of fine goods, and the Earl of Middlefex under 
 difpatch from Fort St. George, we expeft to provide for five from this fide ; viz. the Pacifick, 
 Grenviile, Ponlborne, Falmouth, and Speke ; of thtfe the former will proceed to that 
 prefidency in the month of December with a fupply of fait petre, which they have 
 requefled may not be lefs than 200 or 250 tons, as the Middlefex would take off 
 mod of what they had on hand, to be returned from thence home in February : the 
 three following we fhall certainly return dire>S from hence fully laden ; and we hope 
 our inveftment will enable us to fend you the remaining one alfo ; but if this fhould 
 not be the cafe, we propofe employing her to carry the annual fupplies from hence 
 to Fort St. George for Fort Malbro', and then proceed on to China, to bereturne 
 to you at the feafon of 1766-7. 
 
 7. The great affiftance which the gentlemen at Bombay received from us lafl: feafon, 
 in the article of fait petre, and what we mean to fupply them with this, at leaf!: 25,000 
 maunds, will, we expeti:, enable them to return home the four fhips conligned to their 
 fide, as well as the Kent of laft year, which we fhall immediately fend round to them ; 
 her late arrival having prevented her proceeding laft feafon : we alfo intend returning 
 thither the Afia, leaving to that prefidency her further difpofat, either by difpatch to 
 Europe, or providing her with a (lock, and fending her to be returned from China in 
 the following feafon. 
 
 8. This plan however, we muft obferve, is made upon a fuppofition, that the Fal- 
 mouth comes out on the fame terms and footing as the reft of the (hips, in which cafe 
 we conclude it may ftand good ; but, if on the contrary, (he is an old vefl'el for fale 
 in India, we can forward home the whole of our inveftment by encreafing the bale 
 cargoes of the other three from one thouf^nd or twelve hundred bales, to fourteen or 
 fifteen hundred ; and left any accident fhould happen to either of thefe, we (hall defer 
 the difpatch of the Ana till the beginning of November, when we hope to be upon a 
 certainty, and (hall determine accordingly. 
 
 9. The confignments to the fupra cargoes at Canton, for the fervice of this feafon, 
 are fo very confiderable, including the remittance of ten lacks of rupees made to them 
 by the Argo, and what the gentlemen at Fort St. George advife us they have fent 
 them by the Tilbury, Horfendon, and Royal Captain, being pagodas 357.237.6.66. 
 That they will be able to return home all their fhips, and the three of laft year be- 
 forementioned, to be at Batavia, as well as the York and Talbot from the Malabar 
 Coaft, with cargoes to the full ftipulated amount in your prefent commands of 1ft. 30,000. 
 for each, and upon a computation from their advices, have afterwards remaining in their 
 hands a large balance, near 1ft. 120,000, in order to begin their inveftment for the 
 following year. 
 
 10. Having thus confidered the fubjecl, we gave immediately the nece(rary advice to the 
 gentlemen at F"ort St. George and Bombay. 
 
 11. On the arrival of the Kent the former prefidency borrowed from Mr. Sumner, to 
 alTift in making up their confignments to the fupra cargoes, the quantity of 38,000 
 ounces of Spani(h filver, to be repaid him here, at the valuation in our mint, making 
 ARs.9Q,437. 2. 9. We afterwards, upon their reprefeniation, that the gentlemen at Bom- 
 bay depended upon them to complete the ftock for the Talbot and York, which was 
 fufficient near five lack of rupees, offered to affift them therein, by drafts, as far as four 
 lack: and if the Afia (hould, as we at prefent intend, proceed to Bombay, we (hall, in 
 cafe of her after unavoidable deftinatlon to Canton, make further provifion for that branch 
 of your commerce, by a remittance of two or three lacks. — We muft here add, that we 
 pay due attention to your fre(h inftruflions and commands refpeiling it, and (hall, on 
 all occafions, afford it every afliftance in our power. 
 
 12. Reckoning upon the Afia's proceeding to Bombay accordingly, (he is now receiving 
 400 tons, or 1 2000 maunds, of the propofcd fupply of fait petre; and we have alfo 
 (hipped on the Kent 100 tons, or 3009 maunds; we have likewife fupplied that pre- 
 fidency with money fince our laft advices, to the amount of above five lack of rupees, 
 and fhall continue honouring fuch further drafts as they may make on us, either by im- 
 mediate payment, or intercft bonds, which they advife they fhall leave to our option, 
 on the terms on which they grant them. 
 
 13. The Bute did not receive her difpatches from Ingelee till the 25th of March, 
 owing to very tempeftuous weather, and other difficulties and impediments in receiving on 
 board the latter part of her cargo : after all, 280 bsles and chefts were returned to town, 
 befides 79 bales, which we are forty to mention were loft in one of the (loops as (he 
 
 was
 
 APPENDIX, No. 72. 
 
 was waiting to deliver them making together tons 64. 10. Thell- Captain Maitland 
 afterwarcis reprefented to us he was unable to take in, on account of the dcta hmcit of 
 troops we had put on board the fliip, and the lar<je quantity of ba '-ra-e they had carried 
 with them, for which wc had rcfuled to make him any allowance 'of tonnage • but we 
 beg leave to refer you, for a full relation of all the circumftanccs, to his letters and 
 the mafter attendant's and export warchoufe keeper's reports, entered on our Confultations 
 of the 25th of March, and ift and 4th of April ; upon the laft of which you will a'fo 
 particularly obferve a proteft and counter proteft on the occafion from the mafter atten- 
 dant, and Captain Maitland, together with our remarks and fcntimenis; and we fhall 
 here only add further, that the returned bales and cherts are now fent you by the Admiral 
 Stevens, marked as we directed with the letter U, to denote, in diftinflion from the 
 reft of the cargo, their having been intended for the Bute, as alfo the warehouf^ 
 keeper's account of them, and ot the loft bales referred to in his reports. 
 
 14. We mentioned to you in our laft addrefs from the fecret department the arrival of 
 Mr. Law, the French Commiflary on the coaft ; and we arc now to inform you, that 
 having received the reftitutions to be there made to that nation, he proceeded to Ben<-al 
 and on the 15th of June was put in pofleflion of Chandeniagore by Mr. George Van Sittart' 
 whom we appointed on this occafion the commiflary for his britann'ic Majcfty j'^having after- 
 wards advilcd us of the nomination of his deputies for receiving the (ubordinate fcf.lements 
 at Sydabad, Dacca, Jugdea, and Balafore, the ncceflary appointments were alio made on our 
 part, and the two firlt places have been accordingly reftored. — We have )et heard nothino- 
 concerning Jugdea; and with refpedt to the Balafore fadory, fome objections have occu'-rfd 
 upon its not being in the condition required by the terms of the treaty, which has preven'ed its 
 being yet made over : Mr. Law has, however, now given his orders for its being received 
 in its prcfent ftate, leaving thofe circumftances to be adjufted between us upon further ac- 
 counts from our refpeiSlive commiffaries ; he has further fet forth the title of the French Com- 
 pany to two fpocs of ground at Singhia and Chuprah, near Patna, which we have advifcd him 
 Ihould in like manner be reftored, upon his appointment of a perfon to receive them. We 
 tranfmit you in the packet, for your information, copies of the ads of reftitution of Chan- 
 dernagore, thole for the other places being the fame, only with the necefl^ry alteration of 
 terms. 
 
 15. Upon this occafion wc received a reprefentation from Mr. Law, touching the inconve- 
 niences and difScultics the French company and their agents would be expofed to froai our 
 direct adherence to the terms of the treaty ; which reftrivSl them from erecting furtifieations, or 
 entertaining any troops in thefe provinces, accompanied by the copy of an anfweron the fub- 
 jc£l, the original whereof he had before communicated to Lord Clive, which the minifter for 
 the India affairs had on his departure fiom France received from the Secretary of ftate; he 
 therefore expit-fttd his hope that we would be induced to allow them a fmall number of armed 
 Europeans and fcapoys, with a few pieces of cannon, and a proper lodgement to which they 
 might retire in cafe of any lurprife from the country people, afluring us particularly that he 
 ETieant not to elude in the leaft by this application, the effcQ. of the conditions of the treaty. 
 
 16. Having properly confidered the fame, we agreed, with a referve to ourfelvcs of the right 
 of withdrawing the terms whenever we might have reafon to apprehend an improper ufe of 
 them, to permit one oilicer and twenty European infantry, with one hundred fcapoys, to be 
 entertained at Chandernagore, and fifty of the latter at each of the fubordinatcs; alfo' to allow 
 them a wall at Chandernagore, fuch as they formerly had at Coffimbuzar, and twenty pieces 
 of cannon, not of a heavier weight than fix-pounders, for the purpofe of falutes on the ufual 
 occafions i which would at the fame time fully anfwer the end of imponnga proper refpcift on 
 the country people : we further agreed to allow them five artillery men, for working thefe <Tiins : 
 And having communicated our determination to Mr. Law, wc received hib thanks in the name 
 of the nation for the fame ; and a further alFuruiiee that no in^proper ufe would be made of any 
 indulgence wc might grant thein. 
 
 j-j. Having alfo received an application fiOm him, foliciting a fupply of eight or nine 
 thoiifand maiinds of lalt pctre, on the fame terms as the Dutch, to afTift in com pleating 
 their cargoes (rom hence and their other lettlements ; and finding by advices fre>m Patna that 
 our invcrtment this feafon would enable us without any ineonvenience to comply there- 
 with, we agreed to fpare them accordingly the laft mentioned quantity, and gave orders for 
 their being furniftied with fcven thoufand maunds immediately, and the remaining two thoufand 
 in the month of December ; remarking, however, to Mr. Law at the fame time, that no right 
 to any part of this branch of commerce was from henec to be cftabliflied, though we fliould 
 with equal readinefs aflift the Company when it could be done with the fameeonveniei.ee. 
 
 18. Immediately upon the arrival of Lord Clive we proceeded to fix the appointments of the 
 field ofKcers, agreeable to the eftablifliment in your comm.-.nds of the iftof June 1764, and 
 Cieneral Crrnac and Colonel Smith were ip confequcnce ftationcd to the ift and 2d battalicms. 
 
 19. The command of the 3d being vacant by the death of Major Knox, it would in eourfe 
 have devolved to Sir Robert Fletcher; but Lord Clive informing the board that although S;r 
 Robert B.iker wr^s only mentioned in the letter as commandant of the artillery, he knew from 
 what had palled between him and foiiie of the gentlemen of the diredlion, rcfpc(?iing the appoint- 
 ments, that it was their intention he fhould have the choice of fuccceding to one of the b;;tialions 
 
 ill
 
 APPENDIX, No. 72. 
 
 in cafe of a vacany ; and being at this time defirous of having the 3d it was agreed to appoint 
 him thereto accordingly. 
 
 20. Sir Robert Fletcher became in confequence Lieutenant Colonel of the ift battalion; and 
 it was alfo ae;recd to promote Major Peach to the 2d, till the point of priority in rank between 
 him and Major Champion was determined by your anfwer to the applications made to you, re- 
 fpedini: that sjentleman and Sir Robert Fletcher. 
 
 21. Proceeding then to the 3d appointment of Lieutenant Colonel, Lord Clive further in- 
 formed the board, that on his arrival at the Cape he found there on his pafiage to Europe, Major 
 Charles Chapman, of his Majefty's 79th regiment, and that MefTrs. Sumner and Syices with 
 Colonels Smith and Barker reprel'ented to him, that as the number of field officers was not 
 complete according to the eflablifliment, and opportunity ofFered in their opinion of doing the 
 Company great fervice by introducing that gentleman as one, having on account of his particular 
 merit been folicitcd bv the prefident and council to remain at Fort Saint George in the command 
 of their troops under (Jeneral Laurence, which although he had declined, he was willing to come 
 to Benoal with his Lordfhip, provided he had rank next after Major Peach — That he joined in 
 fentiment with thofe gentlemen, and brought the Major here accordingly under fuch a promife; 
 and his Lordfhip therefore propofed he Ihould have this appointment, not doubting in the lead your 
 confirmation thereof. 
 
 22. Some debate palTed at the board on this occafion ; upon which his Lordfhip informed them, 
 that in virtue of the power vefted in him, for which he referred to the 36th paragraph of the ge- 
 neral letter, we fhould certainly grant the commiffion in qucftion, but would wilh to have their 
 concurrence, and defired the fentiments of the feveral members might be colledted, which you 
 will find recorded accordingly on the proceedings ; and Major Chapman was appointed the 3d 
 Lieutenant Culonel. 
 
 23. Majors Champion and Stibbert, and Captain Hugh Grant, were afterwards appointed 
 the Majors of the three battalions ; and in conlideration of the long and faithful fervices of 
 Captain Chriftian Fiflier, and as the former objeftion to promoting him was now removed by 
 the appointment of fo many officers of fuperior rank, a major's brevet was alfo granted to 
 him. 
 
 24. Before Colonel Smith proceeded to join the army we received a reprefentation from him, 
 touching his appointments at this prefidency ; fetting forth. That he was pofuively afl'ured he 
 was to fucceed to all the fame, both civil and military, which General Carnac now holds in the 
 fervice ; and expreffing therefore his furprife at finding himfelf on his arrival precluded from the 
 former, by the 19th paragraph of your letter; which exprefsly fays, that after the death or de- 
 parture of the general, no officer fhall have a conflant feat at the board without your leave, but 
 only when military affairs are under confideration ; we beg leave to refer you to the reprefentation 
 itfelf, of which a copy is tranfmitted in the packet, and we lequeft your orders in anfwer ; taking 
 at the fame time liberty to offer it as our opinion to you. that the commanding officer of the 
 troops fhould upon all occafions have a feat at the board. 
 
 25. The fele<£l committee agreeably to your appointment was alfo formed diredly upon the 
 Kent's arrival ; their powers were therefore communicated to our fubordinate factories, and to the 
 prelldencies of Fort Saint George and Bombay, and the neceflary diredtions given in confequence 
 to the former, to obey zll orders which they might receive from them ; and the committee have 
 from time to time laid before the board fuch of their proceedings as they judgs advifeable and 
 proper. 
 
 26. The covenants which you were pleafed to fend out regarding the acceptance of prefents 
 from the country government, not having been at this time fubfcribed to, this was the fubject of 
 their fii ft confideration ; and they thereupon communicated to the board their opinion that ths 
 fame fhould be immediately executed in the form piefcribed by the members of the council, and 
 the other fervants of the Company, which was conform d to accordingly by the members pre- 
 fent ; and the fecretary was ordered to prepare and tranfmit fets for the feveral other gentlemen, 
 both in the civil and military fervice : Thofe to the former have been all returned duly executed, 
 as well as the greatcft part of the latter ; but the diftance the army has been from us, and the 
 officers b^ing varioufty dilperfed, has occafioned fome trouble and delay in getting thefe com- 
 pleted, and we wait the remainder of them to forward to you the whole together. 
 
 27. The next proceedings which the committee communicated to the council contained their 
 refolution for enforcing immediati-ly the board's orders with refpedl to the return of the European 
 agents from up the country, granting them afurtherindiilgenceof two months, to the iftof Auguft, 
 which was afterwards prolonged to the 21ft of October : Public notice was accordingly given of 
 this refolution ; in confequence whereof, we underftand manyare arrived in Calcutta, and we fhall 
 take care that the reft return alfo in due time. 
 
 28- The fubfequent proceedings, for fome time, were upon enquiry into the circumftances 
 of fome fums which had been received from the prelent Nabob, and others by the gentlemen 
 who compofed the deputation for the execution of the treaty with his Excellency, on ths 
 deceafe of his father, viz. Meffrs. Johnftone, Senior, Middleton, and Leycefter; as alfo by 
 the other members at the prefidency, Meffrs. Spencer, Plavdell, Burdett» and Gray upon the 
 fame occafion. We beg leave to refer you to the proceedings themfelves on this fubjecS:, and 
 to the feveral minutes and defences entered thereupon on the regifters of council and of the 
 committee, and requcft your fentiments and determination on the whole. — We have only here 
 to notice to you in particular, that Mr. Johnftone has in confequence, and for other reafons 
 fet forth in his minute, refigned your fervice, and proceeds home by this opportunity, 
 
 29. At
 
 APPENDIX, No. 72. 
 
 .29. At our cofifultation of the 24th of June, Lord Clive entered a reprcfuntation and com- 
 plaint again!]; Mr. Burdctt, for having in his orficc of Zemindar confined and detained, after 
 application for his releafc, a Ghaut-Manjec, or ovcrfccr of boats, employed by his Lordlliip 
 on the occalion of an intended expedition up the country, to take upon liim the command of 
 the army, ami fettle affairs with the powers in thofe parts; Mr. Burdett not being preient at 
 thismeeimg, an order was immediately iH'ued to him for the man's enlargement: and his an- 
 fwer to the fame h.aving btcn received, afligning the rcafons for his proceeding?, which did 
 not appear fufHcient, and conceived in terms deemed dilVefpeftful to the board, they determined 
 that he fhould make a proper acknowledgment both to Lord Clive and themfelves. His 
 Lordfhip at the fame time took leave of the board, to proceed on the buiinels before intimated. 
 
 30. Mr. Burdett complied afterwards with this determination; and his Lordfhip having dc- 
 fued to be acquainted therewith, it was accordingly communicated to him; but Mr. Burdett 
 entered a minute on the ftyle of his letter, in confecjucnce whereof further proceedings occur- 
 red; and thcfc being likcwife tranfmittcd to his LordlTiip, we received an anfwcr from him, 
 confirming the opinion he had before given of that gentleman's conduft, in terms which d<.- 
 termined Mr. Jiurdett, having before intimated his intention of returning this feafon to Fa. 
 rope, to fit no longer at the board, and he alfo rtfigned your fcrvice accordingly. 
 
 31. Lord Clive has fir.ce delivered in a minute, fetting forth that he cannot nccufc hlmklt 
 of having given any caufe for the refentment exprelled by Mr. Burdett, and liis opinion con- 
 cerning his rcprefcntation ; referring to a letter from Raja Doolubram to Mr. Sumner, when 
 prefident, in refpedl to a note of hand for a fum of money, which he reprcfcntcd he had gi- 
 ven to Mr. Burdett, upon the Nabob's acccflion to the government, under the promifc of his 
 endeavours to procure him a Ihare in the adminiflration, which he had not fulfilled, and there- 
 fore foliciting Mr. Sumner's afiiftancc for the recovery thereof; of this nunute and letter Mr. 
 Burdett has had a copy, and we expert his anlwer. 
 
 32. Lord Clive having arrived in town, and refumed his feat at the board, the 9th Inflanr 
 laid before them an extract from the proceedings of the fcleft Committee held the 7th upoa 
 his return, accompanymg the copy of a treaty of peace concluded by him and General Car- 
 nac, on the part ot the honourable Company and the Nabob, widi Sujah Dowlah, together 
 with the tranllation of a grant and Sunnuds obtained fram the King for the Devvannec of 
 thefe provinces, and of an agreement fubfcribed to in confequence by the Nabob, through the 
 means of his Lordlliip and Mr. Sykes; as alfo tranllations of other Sunnuds from the King, 
 confirming to the Company their former poiielfions, and fecuring to them the reverfion of 
 Lord Clive's Jaghire; for his Lordlhip had before, on his way up, obtained the Nabob's Sun- 
 nund in duplicate, one of them to be forwarded to you if we jmlged it pro]xr, which is 
 accordingly tranfinitted in the packet, with an attefted copy of the tranllation; we alfo 
 fend you like copies of the levera! papers above-mentioned, to which we beg leave to refer 
 you, and to offer you at the fame time our hearty congratulations on this event of the return 
 of peace ; which we hoped and have now all^ealbn to expcft, from our efta'olifhed influence 
 and power, will remain in future uninterrupted ; the fame was proclaimed lierc in proper 
 form on the 12th, and ordered to be alfo publillicd at the fubordinates. 
 
 33. At the conl'ultation of the 9th of June, Mr. Sykes entered a minute, informing the 
 board that the fcleft Committee had ordered him to proceed to Moorfhedabad, on affairs 
 of importance, which w'ould be communicated to them when the proceedings were drawn 
 up, and that he Ihould fet out accordingly without lofs of time ; MefiVs, Leycefter and 
 Gray dillented upon this occafion, not being able to judge of the ohjeft of Mr. Sykcs'b 
 commilfion, or the neccfiity oC his appointment, ami as Mr. Middleton, a member of the 
 board, was already Rationed rcfident at the l)url)ar, to tranfaft whatever points of hufincfs 
 might occur with the country government, had afted in that capacity to the intire fatisfac- 
 tion of the council, and could not be fuperfeded without a relleftion on his ability to conduft 
 fuch bufmefs. The proceedings were afterwards laid before the board, when thofe gentle- 
 men confirmed their diiTent, cfceeming Mr. Midillcton ftill the proper pcrlbn to tranlaft the 
 bufinefb entruftcd to Mr. Sykes ; and upon Mi . Middleton's receiving information from the 
 Iclcft Committee of this appointment, he addielled the board, as appears in confultation tho 
 i8th of the fame month, letting forth, hon- much it mull lefl'en the weight and influence 
 which it was abfolutcly necefTary he fliould maintain in his ftation, and tliat he could not 
 with any credit to himfelf remain in it longer, more efpecially as Lord Clive toUl hiin, on 
 his way, that it was intended to remove him lliorlly, and jjlace Mr. Sykes in his room ; 
 and foliciting in conl'cquence the chicflhip of Patna which became vacant a few days before, 
 by the fndden death of Mr. Billers ; to this he was accordingly appointed, and ordered by 
 •thcmajoriiy to proceed immediately, delivering over to the chief at Cortlmbu/ar, (uch bufinc-fs 
 as he has been entruftcd with from the board. Mr. Sumner being the only member of the 
 •Committee then prefcnt, minuted at the fame time a declaration on their part, that no 
 rcflcdion whatfocver on Mr. Middleton, nor derogation from his neceflary weight ami 
 influence as public rcfident, was intended bv tliem, and produced the copy of tjie .letter 
 wrote him on the occalion, fetting forth the impropriety of charging any other than a 
 member of the Committee \sith the management of bullnefs which li.id not been dilcIoiCil 
 
 HI,' to
 
 A ? P" E N D I X, No. 72. 
 
 to the council, as an argument for his falisfaflion. Mr. Sykcs having proceeded conformably 
 to his deputation, rcturficd to the prefidency with Lord Cllvc. 
 
 34. Mr. Vcreli^upon being called to Calcutta, to take his feat in the Committee, to refign 
 the chicffhjpof Chittagong ta£lory ; in which Mr. Playdell lucceedcd him ; and upon the 
 refif'nation of Mr. Johnftone, he was apponitetl by the Committee to the charge of 
 fupcrviibr of the Burdwan revenues. 
 
 35. At the confultiition of the 22d of July, a motion was made by Mr. Burdett for 
 fiUino- up the vacancies in council, from Mr. Johnftone's late rclignation, and the death of 
 Mr. Billers, agreeably to your laft appointment and orders; upon which Mr. Sumner 
 informed him, that the Committee had already taken the fubjeft of thofc orders under their 
 coniideration, and lliould determine on them at their firft meeting, upon the return of the 
 abfcnt members to the preiidency, and therefore dehrcd that the filling up the vacancies 
 inigiit till then be pollponed. The majority of the board entering their opinions, that 
 the matter ihould not be deferred, and propofing therefore to call to the board the two 
 next ticntlemen on the lifl, Mr. Sumner dilientcd thereto in his own and the name of 
 the Committee, refcrving to them a revifal of the meal'ure. But the majority contirniing 
 their opinions, Meffrs. Francis Charlton and Thomas t'rench were in confequence ordered 
 from Dacca, to take their feats. 
 
 36 Upon the allembling again of the Committee, Mr. Sumner related to them accor- 
 dingly what had palled at the board, and they recorded their fentiments thereon ; ofFering 
 at the fame time their reafons for not enlarging the number of the council ; which latter 
 were, tirft, that the coUeftion of the Burdwan revenues Ihould no longer be managed by 
 a cliief and council, but as propofed in a reprefentation to them from Mr. Verelft, at the 
 fame time communicated to the board, by a junior fervant, refiding always on the fp<n, 
 and a fupervilbr, who, if a member of the board, might ftill retain his feat as fuch, his 
 chaige would only require an occafional attendance. Secondly, with refpeft to the Mid- 
 naporc province, that it was not of fufiicient confequence to require the direftion of a 
 member of the cauncil, and might be as well condufted by a junior fervant. And, thirdly, 
 their having under their coniideration the recalling the faftory at Benaras, in conlequence 
 of the treaty concluded with Sujah Dovvlah. Upon which different circumftances, they re- 
 commended to the board to reconlider the appointments of Mellrs. Charlton and French. 
 We beg leave to refer you to the proceedings of the Committee for thole fentiments, and 
 a particular explanation of their reafons for the propofed charges refpefting Burdv.-an and 
 Midnapore, as alfo the opinions of the fcveral members of the board thereon ; and fhall 
 here only add, that the majority being of opinion the firft alteration fhould take place, and' 
 the members of the board joining with the Committee as to the latter, the appointments of 
 the new members were in confequence fet afide, and orders given to the faftory at Dacca ac- 
 cordingly. Mr. Leycefter, however, entered a minute, confirming the opinion againft a re- 
 duftion in the number of the council, which we further refer you to. 
 
 37. We received a letter from Lord Clive, during his abfence at Benaras, reprefenting hig 
 -opinion of your title to a moiety of the money obtamed there by our army, in confequence 
 
 of the deed of gift from the King to the Company, of fuch proportion of all plunder, &c. 
 which fhould be taken in India by his forces on land, artd their orders, puttmg their own 
 luilitary on the fame footing, and referving to them the other moiety. He, at the fann: 
 time, pointed out, as an argument, tl;e ftipulation in favour of the Company, of one half 
 of what ihould be taken at Manilla, eileeming it a fuuilar ca'.e with the one in qucflion, and 
 referred the lubjeft to the coniideration of the board. 
 
 38. It appearing, on reference to the rcgiflers ot council before his Lordfiiip's arrival, 
 that the board conlidcrcd the laid money as a voluntary gift from th.e merchants, rather 
 than a ranfom for the town obtained by military force, and that for the reafons ailigned they 
 tliought proper to confent to the army's receiving it, without referving any claim to the 
 (Company ; the other members did not think, this being the cafe, tliat a demand on them 
 for a fhare of the money could now, with any propriety, be made ; and they commu- 
 nicated thefe their fentiments accordingly, in anfwer to his Lordihip, tranlmitting, lor his 
 particular infoniraticn, extraiSls of thofc regiflers ; viz. 
 
 Of the letters to the commanding oflicers of the 6th of November, and 6th of December 
 laft. And, 
 
 Of the confultation of the 3d of January, upon an application received from the officers 
 and men of the 96th regiment, and his Majefty's Marines. 
 
 To which wc beg leave to refer you upon the oec.alion. 
 
 39. L^pon liis Lordfhip's return to the preiidency, he informed the board, that, while he" 
 was with the army, he had formed it upon ilie eitablilhment and plan laid down in your 
 commands of tlie firft of June 1765; and propoled, for the better regulating their pay in 
 fu;urj, and the prevention of any abufes, that there -fhould be leparate paymalters, with 
 deputies, and a commiiTary to each brigade. 
 
 The board agreed with him entirely in the propriety of thcle appointments, and the 
 payinafters were accordingly nominated, and the other officers remaining to be fixed at 
 
 I 
 
 a future meeting. 
 
 40. TJic
 
 APPENDIX, No. 72. 
 
 40. The ftlecl Committee having taken under confideration your orders, toucliing the in- 
 land trade in the articles of I'alt, bcetlc-nur, and tobaccQ, they communicated to the board in 
 Tiieir next proceedings a lirt of regulations formed thereupon, as the ground-work of a plan 
 
 for -•---:- »•- 1 -_ 1. r ■ 
 
 parCi' 
 rclft, 
 
 thereof, and managing it on behalf of the body of proprietors, with authority to concipond 
 with the fubordmate taiftories, ant! to piirfuc all fuch meafures as might, conformably th.cre- 
 10, appear to them eligible and proper; and tliat the neceliary advice and orders were given" 
 accordingly to the fubordinates, and publication made, prohibiting all pcrfons depcndin<^ on 
 the country's government from entering into any new engagements in thofe articles, unlefs as 
 coiitraftors with the Committee, for the purchale or laic of thein. Wc havealfo to note to you, 
 that Meflrs. Leyccfter and Gray dilllntcd to the authority the felecl Committee had taken up- 
 on themfelves on this occafion, eftecming it in no wife delegated to them by th.e tern*s and in- 
 tention of their appointment; and that tlie lubje£t fiiould have been confide red and determiacd 
 on in council. 
 
 41. The Committee of trade having entered upon the profecution of the plan, we Irave 
 received from them a rcprefentation for having the fociety Iccured againft any innovations in 
 the courfe of their prefent engagements, and foliciting from us fuch a deed as we may think 
 lufficicnt to infure to them the cxclufive right to the trade till thefe engagements arc conclud- 
 <d, the lame to be renewed every feafon, lo long as itfliall be agrcealle t6 you that this plan 
 Ihould fubiift; we could not but agree with them entirely in the propriety of this mcafurc, 
 and have given dircftions for drawing accordingly fuch a writing as may be thought fufficient 
 to fecurc tlie Proprietors the right in qucftion, and we now requeft your pcrmiffion to renew 
 the fame for the future concerns, if the plan meets with your approbation. 
 
 42. Commodore Tinker having received from the late Nabob, IVIeer Jaffier, a grant of 
 12,50,000 rupees, as a donation to liimfclf and tlie fquadron under his command, for their 
 fcrviccs in the war againft MeerCofTim, lie prefentcd to the board, on his departure, a tran- 
 llation of the fame ; and requefted their ailiftancc in procuring regular payments, conformably 
 to the terms; to which the board replied, expreffing their fatisi'aflion at the Nabob's havin"' 
 thought ])roper to confider the fervices of the fquadron, and afluring Mr. Tinker, that, (o 
 far as might appear to them in his power, confiftcntly with the performance of the engage- 
 ments of his treaty, the Commodore might depend on their compliance with his ap])lication. 
 Two of the periods of payment having expired, and no part been yet received, the agents 
 have now addrefled us, inclofmg the tranllation of a letter from the prefent Nabob, with a 
 coniirmation of his father's grant, and foliciting our interpofition for jirocuring them the 
 amount due; reprefenting, with a view of adding weight to their application, that many of 
 the oiiicers and men of the fquadron having contradeil debts during their abode in Calcutta,' 
 their drafts on the donation had, upon the ftrength of the lioard's promiie, been accepted 
 indifcharge thereot', by merchants of the place, whofe private fortunes have already fufFered, 
 and muft I'ufFer flill more by any further delay of payment. 
 
 43. The rcprefentation having been confidered and debated on, the majority of the board 
 were of opinion, tliat, in confcquence of our acquifition of the Duanney of thefe provinces, 
 and the agreement tliereupon made with the Nabob, by which, after the ftipulations for th.e 
 King and his Excellency, the remaining part of the revenues devolves to the Company, 
 they could not of themlelves determine upon the fub)cft, but that it fliould be referred to 
 your dccifion ; and the circumftances being accordingly thus ftated to you, we Avait your 
 anfwer and orders thereon. 
 
 44. Tlic fliips T.ord Anion and Prince of \Vales having been reported clear of their con- 
 fignment on the 29th of April and 24th of June, they were immediately diliiiilicd your fcr- 
 vice, and their journals and other books of their voyage required, confoi'maMy to your 
 orders, to be returned to you; the fame are tranfmittcd you by this opportunity ; and we 
 have difchargcd the balances of freight remaining to be paid the owners in India, as per tiieir 
 refpcftivc accounts received in the Packets: we have alfo reimburfed the commanders for 
 fundry ncccflarics provided in the courfe of their paflTages, for the ufc of the recruits whom 
 they brought out; viz. to the former Crs. 1,9^9 : 5 : 7, and to the latter Crs. 9,044: 6: o, 
 both accounts being properly vouched and certified. 
 
 45. The Solebay, one of the two fhips taken up laft year for furnifliing your prefulcncy of 
 Fort Marlbro' with Haves from Madagafcar, having concluded her voyage, arrived with us 
 on the 22d ult. and wc received by her a packet from the prefulcnt and council, under a ge- 
 neral addrcfs to either of the three fettlcmcnts, inclofing fcveral papers refpefling her, in 
 ron'cqucncc of a demand on the commander upon account of the owners, tor tlic fum of 
 2500I. .idvanced to them in England, which he refufed payment of. Thefe papers they 
 tiieieforc tranlmittcd, jxiinting out particularly to the obfervation of tholc who might re- 
 ceive them, that your inftruftions to them were very explicit, although the Charter-party 
 appeared rather defei\ive in the wording; that, if it appeared eligible, an attempt might 
 be made to recover the money by courfe of law. Wc perufed and examined the diilerent 
 papers, but not chufing to proceed upon our own judgment upon a cafe of this nature, .vc 
 
 referrcil
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 71. 
 
 Tcfcned thciii to the attentive confideration of an attorney in the Mayor's Court, Mr. 
 Kicliard VVhittal, who, we underftooJ, was nioft capable and verfcd in his proteflion, 
 nquiring his rentimr-nts at full, wliether or not there was fufficient ground on wliich to found 
 a profccution here on the occafion; and having received an anfwer from him, fbating his 
 opinion in tlie affirmative, we have dircftcd iiim to repeat the demand in due form, and, 
 upon a refufal flill of payment, to commence an aftion againft the owners accordingly. 
 
 46. We fend you further the general books of the prelidency, with their fuljfidiaries 
 to April 1764, and hope, from the fub-accountant's report, to forward to you the fub- 
 fequent fet in the courfc of this fcafon, having, upon his application fomc time ago, wrote 
 in very urgent terms on this fubjeft to the fubordinates. Tlie entire lofs of their books and 
 accounts, at lenft fomc of tiiem, in the late troubles, have unavoidably occafioned great 
 delay in bringing them up. 
 
 47. We are toadvife you of tlie diceafe of Capt. Alexander Scott, our mafter attendant, 
 on the 1 2th ult. and of Capt. Page Kcble's fucceilion" to the charge of that ofHce, agreeably 
 to your nomination. On this occafion we received a petition from the deputv, Mr. Richard 
 Dcane, reprcfenting his long fcrviccs to the Company, in the different gradations of the 
 marine, wliicli he hoped had fully qualified him for the appointment, and foliciting it. 
 Accordingly, he was advifed, in anfwer, that Captain Keble had obtained it in purfuance 
 of your orders; with an alfurance however, that we had a juft fenle of his lervices, and 
 fliould take care to make proper mention of him t<; you, ,and we beg leave therefore to recom- 
 mend hini to your notice. 
 
 48. Mr. Robert Hunter, wliom you have this feafon been pleafed to appoint a faftor 
 on the. Fort Marlbro' eftabliOiment, having fome months before come over to this prelidency 
 had, on account of his particular merit and abilities in the profellion, been entertained as 
 one of our principal furgeons ; on being therefore advifed of your appointment, he deli- 
 vered in a letter to us, reprefenting, that it was obtained entirely without his knowledge 
 and intention, while he was detained on the French illands, and fix years after his firtt 
 ap[)lication ; and having then quitted the place, with leave from the jjrelident and council, 
 and upon his admiiEon into the fervice here, had from a depcndance upon continuing in it, 
 entered into conneftions and concerns with others, whofc intereft mufl; fufFer, and ruin at- 
 tend his own by a fpeedy removal : he for thefe. reafons, foliciied our permifiion to lelinquifli 
 that appointment, and be continued in his fiation here ; expreiling at the fame time, his 
 juft fenfc of the favour and honour thereby conferred on him, for which he returned you 
 his grateful thanks, and his hope, that in confideration of his misfortunes and long fervices, 
 you would not be difplealed with his proceeding; from this reprefentaiion, and the charac- 
 ter before given of him, we could not but very readily acquiefce in his defire, and, as we are 
 extremely folicitous of his continuance with us, we hope for, and earneilly entreat, his 
 confirmation here accordingly. 
 
 49. VVe further beg leave to recommend to you, for an appointment on vcur lift of civil 
 fcrvants, Mr. Sutton Banks, a gentleman who has foi- a long while relided in the place asa 
 private merchant, much efteemed, and is entirely deferving tlie favour we iolicit for him. 
 
 50. Captain George Burghall, of the corps of engineers, having been acculed by Captain 
 Jklartin, his fuperior officer, of difohedience of orders, he in confequence, of the opinion of 
 a court of enquiry, underwent a trial by a court martial, appointed. and approved by Ma- 
 ior Munro, before his departure; at which having been found {guilty of the charge, he wa-s 
 calliiers-d the Company's fervice by the fejitentc of the court, antl he proceeds home, with 
 his family : By this opportunity Major Munro carried with him tiie proceedings of the court 
 martial. 
 
 51. You will find the reafons of the feUft Committee, in which the beard acquiefced, for 
 the purchafc of the Admiral Stevenson the occafion cf thisdifpatch, and not employing the 
 Lapwing, which ftill remained upon our hands, recorded on the Conr.nittae proceedings of 
 the 2 iff June, and 4th of July ; and the feafon now opening, we ihall forthwith determine 
 on fomc method of employing the latter, or otherwife difpole of her as may ajipear moft eli- 
 gible. The board, previous to the arrival of the Kent, had had fome intentions offending her 
 to Fort St. George, to return to you with early advices from thence and this prefidency. 
 
 52. Upon a report from the mailer att( mlant, of tlie condition and value of the Admiral 
 Stevens, we agreed to pav for her, at the price demanded by the owners of 59,000 Arcot 
 a upees ; and Captain Giitfin, who we adviled you had quitted the Lapwing to proceed to Fort 
 St. George, in his private concerns, having returned to the place, we gave him the command 
 of iier, appointing, upon proper recommendations, Melirs. [ames Angus, James Lenox, Ed- 
 ward WiJfon, and Pvobcrt FairfuU, her Officers; we at the fame time wrote to Coflimbuzar, 
 and Dacca, to tend u-; down from each fa£lory for her lOO bales of their fineft piece of goods, 
 and we have the i'aiisfaclion to find flie carries you upon the whole, confideriiig her fize, -a 
 valuable charge, the amount being^as per invoice C. Rs. 794,100. 
 
 53. With a view to increafc it as much as poflible, we determined, upon an application 
 from the Captain and Officers on the I'ubjeft of their privilege, to make them a tender, in 
 
 Jieu of any allowance in her tonnage,, of the fum of 10,000 Arcot rupees, and the fame hav- 
 ing been accepted, we required from them an acknowledgement of it, with an obligation not 
 to ihip, in confequence thereof, any merchandize as adventures. 
 
 54. Wc
 
 APPENDIX, No. 72. 
 
 54. Wc have alio given in charge to Captain Griflin 15CO ounces of foreign filver for the 
 ufe of the Ihip, in calc ihc lliould be under a nccclhty of touching at any place, and advanced 
 him the fum of A. Rs. 3918 : 4, on account of four months imprefs of himfelf, otiicers and 
 Europeans, his table allowance for the voyage, and ufual batta on this account, from his 
 appointment to this time. 
 
 55. Since writing the foregoing, we have received advice from the gentlemen at Fort St. 
 George of the arrival at that place of the Grcnviile and Fox, on the b\h and 7ih iuftant, the 
 former having touched at St. Jago and Falfo bay, from whence (he failed the 2jft of July, 
 and loft tlicre by dcfertion thirteen of her recruits, bclidcs twelve buried on her palFage • but 
 we are forry to learn at the fame time the long detention which the Spckc, Pacitick and 
 Ponihorne met with at Spithead from contrary winds ; we hope, however, they took the 
 opportunity of failing aljout the fame time ns the Fox, and that wc fiiall foon have fomc ac- 
 counts of them in tlicfc parts; wc now find, by your advices to that prelidcncy of the 4tli 
 January, that the Falmouth is not to return to you, but only taken up for the run to India 
 to alHft in bringing on our recruits : Thofe gentlemen cxpefted to give the Earl of Middlefcx 
 lier difpatches about the end of this month, ant! at their requeft: wc tranfmit you a copy of 
 the invoice of jirovifions put on board her here for viiflualling the prifoners from the French 
 illands, that the commanders may account with you for the fame. We alio forward a packet 
 received from them to your addrefs, with one from the gentlemen at Fort Malbro'. The 
 Buckingham having concluded her deftination to that place, wc underftand, is likewife arrived 
 at Fort St. George. 
 
 56. The mint mafter having laid before the feleft committee a rcprefcntation, fetlino^ forth 
 the inconveniencies refulting to the company, and die public, from the flop put to the ilFt- 
 ing of new ficcas, and the cliiFiculties and danger* confcquent on any attempt to a fcneral re- 
 coinage, or abolition of the annual fall of the batta on ficca rupees, the fame has been refer- 
 red to us, and is at prefent under our confideration ; he has now prefented an addrefs to the 
 board, with feparate flatements of the mint for a year before and after he took charo-e of it 
 and the alVay book; from the latter time, to which he referrcil us for an explanation of the 
 advantages arifing from the regulations propofed by him in the month of January; and, at his 
 requeft, we tranfmit you in the packet copies of thole different acldrclles, as alfo the affay 
 book, and copies of die ftatements accompanying tho laft to tlic l-.oiid, that by rcferrin'^ theiii 
 to and confulting the tower office, you may be perfc£lly latisfied of the nature of the irriprove- 
 ments he has made, and how far his appointment to the direftion of the mint has anfwered 
 expcftation. 
 
 57. The members of the (cleft Committee have entered a minute in reply to Mr. Leyccftcr's 
 before mentioned, confirming his dilient to the diminution of the council, MeflVs. Lcyceftea- 
 and Gray have alfo on their parts delivered in other ininutcs, upon the fentiments recorded bv 
 the Committee on their conduit, and Mr. Burdett's, in not conforming to Mr. Sumner's de- 
 ■lire upon the fame fubjeft ; Mr. Leycefter, a further one, touching the powers of the Com- 
 mittee, to which latl they have informed him they fiiall reply to you in their own dcpartiiier t, 
 and Mr.Gray, another in conl'equcnce of imputations laid to his charge before Lord Ciive, w'lii h 
 he has defired may be enquired into before the lioarti, and his Lortlilii]) has acquainted hin-, 
 lliall be communicated to them accordingly. — You will find all thcfe recorded in tlie proceet'- 
 ings of the 25th Inft. and we beg to refer them with the reft to your pcruliil and confideration. 
 
 58. Wc have alio received an anfwer from Mr Burdett to Lord Clive's minute upon liis 
 refignation, and the letter referred to in it from Raja Dululiram, confirming his firfl rcafon 
 aftigncd for quitting tlic fcrvice at the time he did, and declining to anfwer to the demand from 
 Roy Dulub, till he fliould be firft informed what puniniment wonld be intlifled on him, if he 
 jliould prove him guilty of a fallhood; upon which, his Lordfliip has minuted, Tiiat he has 
 not Icifure at prefent to reply thereto,- but will do it fully by the next Ihip. 
 
 59. L^pon the perulal of a draft of the letter, Lord Clive remarked on the circumftanccs 
 mentioned in Mr. Middleton's addrefs to the board, quoted in the 23d paragrapli, That lis 
 did not tell hirn as there related, " It was the intention of the Committee to remove him 
 " fliortly, ami place Mr. Sykcs in his ftead ; " but only, " That this gentleman was loon to 
 " proceed to the city on particular buflnels from them." 
 
 60. The feleft Committee have laid before us a copy of their proceedings, containing their 
 conclufion of the plan for carrying on the inland trade, with rcfpcft to the Company and the 
 clafTcs of proprietors; and the fame has been delivered over to the Committee for managing 
 the trade, with inftruftions to proceed conformably thereto. 
 
 61. Cjcneral Carnac having declined receiving a prefent f'rom the King, as he had not the 
 confcnt of the governor and council, his Majefty has written a letter to ihc board, leprelcnt- 
 ing, that the General has always refuted to accept any reward for his great fcrvices ; that to 
 permit him to remain unrewarded, is injurious to his royal dignity, and that it is thcrcfoie his 
 Majefty's plcafure, that we giant (icncral Carnac permiffion to receive from his Royal boun- 
 ty the I'uin of two lacks of rupees. 
 
 62. You are fo well acquainted with the merits and moderation of this gentleman, that we 
 need not add our fentiments on the fubjcft : The great attention and relpcft he has always 
 paid the King, from the time of his Majefty's misfortunes, when he furrcndcrcd himfelf at 
 
 I i Patna,
 
 APPENDIX, No. 71. 
 
 ■patna, to his prefent flate of peace and affluence, together with the attachment fliown to him 
 on many occafions in the held, demand Ibme return ot gratitude; and \vc truft you will re- 
 joice that an opportunity fliould at laft offer, of placing General Carnac in a Hate of indepcn- 
 tlence, at the eve of a long and faithful fervice. 
 
 63. There bein"- fome doubts, whether the jiower of pcrmiffion, upon fuch occafions is in- 
 tended to be lodged witli the governor and council, we have not :iblblutelv granted it, but refer 
 it to you ; and fliould be glad of your inftruftions for our guidance in future. We beg leave 
 only to obferve, that fuch power would perhaps be a means of keeping the military in proper 
 fubjcftion to the civil authority in this fettlenient. 
 
 64. Mr. Peter Downes having, fome time ago, requefted permiffion to quit his ofiice^, in 
 order to prepare for his return to Europe, has now religned his fervice, and proceeds ky this 
 jhip. 
 
 65. The Mayor's court have prefented to us a lift of feveral law books wanted for the ufc 
 of the court, which they requcft may be fent them by the fuft opportunity, and the fame is 
 tranfmitted you in the packet. 
 
 66. We have only further to add, that the neceffary papers refpefting this fliip are inclof- 
 cd; and wifliing her fafe and fpeedy arrival with you, we have the honouf to remain, with 
 refpcft, 
 
 Honourable Sirs, 
 
 "Vour moft faithful 
 
 ■ And obedient humble fervants, 
 
 Fort William, Clive. 
 
 the 30th Sept. 1765. Wm. B. Sumner. 
 
 H. Verelst. 
 Charles Syke&. 
 R. Levcf.ster. 
 Georc}e Gray. 
 
 Poftfcript. 
 
 1. Since concluding this addrefs, It has occurred to us, that wc are much in want of feveral 
 printed fets of the Aft of Parliament for the puniiliing of mutiny and defertion among your 
 troops here, with which we requeft you will furnidi us by the firll opportunity. 
 
 2. At the confultation of this day for the difpatch of the flrip, Mr. Leycefter entered a fur- 
 ther minute refpefting the prefent which he received from the Nabob when in a deputation 
 to him. Mr. Gray recorded one likewife, on the fame fubjeft as that mentioned in the 57th 
 paragraph, upon certain imputations laid againft his charge, which he requefted might be en- 
 quired into; to both which we beg, as before, to refer you. And we remain, with refpeft, 
 
 lionourable Sirs, 
 
 Your moft faithful 
 
 Aud obedient humble Servants, 
 
 Fort "William, Clive. 
 
 the 30th Sept. 1765. Wm. B. Sumner. 
 
 John Carnac. 
 H. Verelst. 
 Charles Sykes. 
 R. Leycester. 
 George Gray. 
 
 No. 73.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 73» > 
 
 No. 73. 
 
 Calcutta, ^othSeptembtr^i-^dc. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 BY the letter from the feleft Committee, and copy of their proceedings, which are tranf- 
 mitteJ to you by this conveyance, you will be enabled to form a general idea of thff 
 ftste of this fettlemcnt on the arrival of the fhip Kent, together with the miafures we thought 
 nccelTary to purfue, in order to fettle the Company's affairs in thefe provinces upon an ad- 
 viintagcous and permanent foundation. You will permit me, however, to lay before you my 
 own Itntiments in particular, concerning thefe meafures, and to communicate alfo, by this ear- 
 liefl opportunity, fuch others, as I wiih ftiould be adopted before I quit the government, and 
 which I hope will not only be approved of, but likewife fo fully confirmed and ellablifhed by 
 the Court of Direflors, that the abufes which may otherwife be revived by ihe ambition and 
 avarice of fome future governors or councils may be cft'edually prevented. 
 
 Upon my arrival, I am forry to lay, I found your affairs in a condition fo nearly defpe- 
 rate as would have alarmed any fet of men, whofe fenfe of honour and duty to their em- 
 ployers had not been tflranged by the too eager purfuit of their own immediate advantaoe ; 
 the fudden, and, rmongmany, the unwarrantable acquifition of riches, had introduced luxury 
 in every fhape, and in its moft pernicious excefs. Thefe two enormous evils went hanij 
 in hand together through the whole prefidency, infediing almoft every member of each de- 
 partment ; every inferior feemed to have grafpcd at wealth, that he might be enabled to af- 
 fume that fpirit of profufion, which was now the only diftindtion between him and his fu- 
 perior. Thus all diftindtion ceafed, and every rank became, in a manner, upon an equality; 
 nor was this the end of the mifchiet, for a contelt of fuch a nature among our fcrvants 
 neceflarily dellroyed all proportion between their wants and the honeft means of fatisfyinii; 
 them. In a country where money is plenty, where fear is the principle of government, and 
 where your aims are ever vidtorious ; in fuch a country, I fay, it is no wonder that corruption 
 fhould find its way to a fpot fo well prepared to receive it. It is no wonder that the 
 lull of riches fhould rea. ily embrace the proffered means of its gratification, or that the in- 
 ftruments of your power (hould avail themfelves of their authority, and proceed even to ex- 
 tortion, in thofe cafci where fimple corruption could not keep pace with their rapacity. Ex- 
 amples of this fort, fet by fuperiors, could not fail of being followed, in a proportionable 
 degree, by inferiors ; the evil was contagious, and fpread among the civil and military, down 
 to the writer, the enftgn, and the free merchant. 
 
 3. The large fum of money acquired by donation, befides the means I have already men- 
 tioned, were fo publicly known and vindicated, that every one thought he had a ri<jht to 
 enrich himfelf, at all cvenrs, with as much expedition as pofnble ; the monopoly of fait, 
 beetle, tobacco, &c. was another fund of immenfe profits to the Company's fcrvants, and 
 likewife to fuch others as they permitted to enjoy a (hare, while not a rupee of advantage 
 accrued to the government, and very little to the Company from that trade. Before I had 
 difcovered thefe various fources of wealth, 1 was under great aftonifhnient to find individuals 
 fo fuddcniy enriched, that there was fcarce a gentleman in the fettlement who had not fixed 
 upon a very fhort period for his return to England with affluence. From hence arofe that for- 
 ward fpirit of independency, which in a manner fet all your orders at defiance, and didtatcd a 
 total contempt of ihcm, as often as obedience was found incompatible with private intereft. 
 At the time of my arrival, I faw nothing that bore the form or appearance of eovernment : 
 The authority and pre-eminence of the governor, were levelled with thofe counlellors ; every 
 counfellor was as much a governor as he who bore the name, and diftinclon of rank, as I have 
 already ohfervcd, was no longer to be found in the whole fettlement. Notvvithllanding a fpe- 
 cial order from the Court of Diredtors, founded on very wife and very evident reafons, that 
 all corrcfpondcncc with the country powers fhould be carried on folely in the governor's name, 
 1 found that our whole corrcfpondence with the Great Mogul.^the Subahs, Nabobs, and Rwjah.-, 
 had been of late carried on by and in the name of the whole board, and that every fervant and 
 free merchant correfponded with whom they pleafed. 
 
 4. Your orders for the execution of the covenants were pofitive, and cxprefsly mentioned 
 to be the refolution of a gen^-ral court of proorietors : Your fervants at Bengal, however, de- 
 termined to icjeft them ; and had not the Seltdl Committee refolved that the example fhould be 
 firfl fet by the council, or a fuipenfion from your fervice take pl.ice, it is certain they would 
 have remained unexecuted to this hour. You will not, I imagine, he much furprifed at this 
 breach of duty, if you look over the general letters, where you cannot avoid feeing how 
 many arc annually committed, and how faft every thing was tending to a contempt of 
 your authority. From a fliort furvey ot the Jate tranfadtions, 1 was convinced that no other 
 remedy was left, than an immediate and vigorous exertion of the powers with which the 
 Committee were inverted. Happy, in iny opinion, was it for the Company, that fuch 
 
 a powers
 
 
 y 
 
 M 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 73. 
 
 powers were granted ; for that the fettlciiient, fo conduaed, could have fubfifted another 
 uv^lvemonth, appears to me aa impoffibiHty. A great part of the revenues ot the country, 
 •imountin-r to near four millions ttcrling per annum, would have been divivded among your 
 fervan-s, and the acquifition of fortunes being fo fudden, a few months mull have brought 
 writtrs into council, f.-nionty muft have been admitted as a juftclam to a feat at the board, 
 without the quaiificanc;n of as^e or experience, bccaufe the the rapidity of fucceffion denied the 
 attainment of either. , ■■■ j 
 
 r Nor were thefe excefies confined to your civil fervants alone, the military departments 
 alfo hid raught the infection, and riches, the bane of difcipline, were daily promoting the 
 luin <if our armv. The too little inequality of rank rendered the advantages of captains, 
 lieutenants, and' enligns, fo nearly upon a par, and fo large, that an indcpendant fortune 
 was no diltant profpedl, even to a lubaltr.n. if a too quick fucceffion among thofe from whom 
 vou expcft the itudy of commerce and pt.licy is detiimenta! to your civil concern!., how ef- 
 fectually deftruiiVive, mult that evil prove to your military operations ? Tne molt experienced 
 European Utiicer, when he has ciucrtd into the tail India fervicc, although he may be able 
 in many points to fug^eft improvement to others, will neverthelefs tind that lomething new 
 remains fur himfclf to learn peculiar to this fervice, which cannot be attained in a day— 
 iud -e then bow the cafcniud (land with youths, who are either juft fent out Irom the icaucmy, 
 or %hich more frcqueiuly happens, who have no education at all ; for to fuch have wc ortcn 
 been reduced to the neceinty of granting commiirions. How much niult the expedations ot 
 Your army be raifed, when they are futfered, without controul to take poheirion, for theinlelves,. 
 of the whole booty, donation money, and plunder, on the capture oi' a city ? This I can 
 MlVure you happened at I3enares ; and what is more furprizing, the then governor anJ^council, 
 (o far from la) ing in a claim to the moiety, which ought to have been rclerved for the Company, 
 agreeable to tliofc politive orders from the Court of Dirdors a few \cars ago, when they were 
 ntcafed to put their forces upon the fame footing with thofe of his M.ijeity, gave up the whole 
 
 to the captors You have heard of the general mutiny that happened among your Seapoys a 
 
 little before my arrival What would have been your confternation, had you alfo heard of 
 
 an unanimous dtfertion of your European Soldiery. Thefe were very ferious events indeed, 
 and had it not been for one wjll-timed vigorous a£l of Major Munro, and the unwearied zeal 
 and military abilities of General Carnac, who totally fuppielTed the fpirit of mutiny among the 
 Ibldiers, your polll-ffions in India might at this time have been deltitute of a man to lupport 
 them and even the privilege of commerce irrecoverably crufhed : Common juftice to the 
 principles and conduct of General Carnac, oblige me further to add, that I found him the 
 only officer of rank who had refitted the temptations to which by his ilation he was conltantly 
 fubieft, of acquiring an immence fortune ; and I queltion much whether he is not the only 
 man who has of late years been honoured with the cominand ot your forces, without ac- 
 euirin"' a very large independency. The letter from the Great Mogul to the governor and 
 council, requeuing" the permiliion for him to accept a prefent of two Laaks, which his majeliy 
 IS defirous ot bellowing on him as a reward for his difinterelted fcrvices, will corroborate what I' 
 have faid in his favour; and as this affair, agreeable to the tenor of the covenants, is referred 
 to the Court of Directors, I make no doubt they will readily embrace the opportunity of 
 fhewing their regard to fuch diftinguifhcd merit, by confenting to his acceptance of his Ma- 
 iefty's bounty. 
 
 6. If thcpiiiture I have drawn be a faithful likenefs of the prefidency, (and I call upon the 
 molt L'uiltv, for guilty there arc, to tlicw that i have aggravated a feature) to what a deplor- 
 able c'ondi'tion muft your affairs foon have been reduced ? Eveiy itate (and fuch now is your, 
 government in India) muft be near its period, when the rage of luxury and corruption has feizcd, 
 lipon its leaders and inhabitants. Can trade be encouraged for public benefit, where the ma-" 
 nagement unfortunately devolves upon thofe who make private interelt their rule of adtion rAnd" 
 farther, hss fudden affluence ever tailed, from the infancy of military difcipline to the prCfent 
 perfection of it, to corrupt the principle and dettroy the fpirit of an army? Independency of 
 fortune is always avcife to thofe duti:s of lubordination, which are infeparable from the life of,' 
 a foldier ; and in this country, if the acquiiition be ludden, a relaxation of difcipline is m.">re 
 immediately the confujuence. 1 would not be thought by thefe obfervations to exclude riches 
 from the military : Honour alone is fcarcely a fufficient reward for the toil fome fervice of the 
 field. But the acquifition of wealth ought to be fo gradual, as to admit not a profpeift of com- 
 pletino- it, till fucctliion, by merit, to the rank of a field officer (hould have lain a good foun- 
 dation for the claim. Such is the idea I entertained of this matter, when I delivered my. 
 fcntimcnts to the Leu t of Directors, in my letter of the 27th April 1764 ; and I have a£ted 
 in conformity thereto, by regimenting the troops in the manner I then propofed. I need not re- 
 peat the obfervations I troubled you with in that letter, it is lufficient to remaik here, that the 
 pocd cdedii of the plan are already vifibk, that fubordinaticn is reftcred, abufes corre<Stcd, and 
 yourexpcnccsj of courfe already greatly diminiflied. 
 
 7. The
 
 APPENDIX, No. 73. 
 
 7. The war which, to my great concern, I found extended above 700 Miles from the pre - 
 fidency, is now happily concluded, and a peace eflabliflicd upon terms which promife laiting 
 tranquillity to thefe provinces. 'I'his event has, I find, difappointed the expeflations of many, 
 who thought of nothing but a march with the king to Delhi. My refolution however, was, an.l 
 my hopes will always be, to confine our affiftance, our conqueft, and our poffeflions, to Benga', 
 Bahar, and Orixa : To go farther is, in my opinion, a fchcme fo extravagantly ambitious and 
 abfurd, that no governor and council in their fcnfes can ever adopt it, unlcfs the whole fyftem 
 of the Company's intereft be firit entirely new modelled. 
 
 8. I forbear troubling you with a detail of the negociations of General Carnac and mc, 
 with the country powers, and the particulars of the treaty of peace with the Vizier of the 
 impire, as they will be fpolcen of at large in the letter from the Select Committee, and 
 appear likewife upon the face of our proceedings. 1 will however jull remark, that our re- 
 ftoring to Shujah Dowla the whole of his Dominions, proceeds more from the policy of not 
 extending the Company's territorial poireflions, than the generous principle of attaching him 
 for ever to our intereft by gratitude, though this has been the apparent, and is by many thought 
 to be the real motive. Had v/e ambitioufly attempted to retain the conquered outtry, experience 
 would foon have proved the abfurdity and impracticability of fuch a plan. Thccltabliflimcnt of 
 vour ariT.y mull have been added to your lift, and more chieffhips appointed ; the adts of op- 
 prelfion, and innumerable abufes, which would have been committed, and which could neith'.T 
 have been prevented nor remedied, at fo great a diltance from thi prefidency, mu.t infall.bly 
 have laid the foundation of another war, deftruClive and unfuccefbful ; our old privileg,es and 
 pofleffions would have been endangered by every I'upply ive might have been tempted to afford 
 in fupportof the new ; and the natives muil have finally triumphed in our inability to fulfain 
 the weight of our own ambition. 
 
 g. To return to the point from vvhich this digreflion has led me, I mufl carry you back to 
 the dclcrlption above given of the fituation in which I found your affairs on my arrival. Tv^'o 
 paths werccvidenly open to me: the one Imooth, and flrewed with abundance of rich advan- 
 tages that miglit cafily be picked up ; the other untrodden, and every flep oppofed with obfta- 
 cles. [ might have taken charge of the government upon the fame footing on which I found 
 it ; that is, I might have enjoyed the name of governor, and have fuffered the iionour, imjjor- 
 tancc, and dignity of the polt, to continue in their ffate of annihilation ; 1 might have content- 
 ed myfclf, as others had before me, with being a cypher, or, what is little better, the firft amon^r 
 fixteen equals ; and 1 mi;_;ht have allowed this paffive conduit to be attended with the uiuil 
 Douceur of fliaring largely with the reft of the gentlemen in all Donations, Perqu fites, &c. 
 arifing from the abfolute government and difpofal of all places in the revenues of this opulent 
 kingdom ; by which means I might foon have acquired an immenfe addition to mv fortune, not- 
 withftanding the obligations in the new covenants ; for the man who can fo eafily get over the 
 bar of confcience as to receive prcfents after the execution of them, will not fcruole to make 
 ufe of any evafions that may protect him from the confequence. The fettlcincnt m general 
 would thus have been my friends, and only the natives of the country my enemies. If you can 
 conceive a governor in fuch a fituation, it is impoffible to form a wrong judgment of the in- 
 ferior fcrvants, or of the Company's affairs, at (uch a prefidency. An honourable alternative 
 however lay before me : 1 had the power within my own breait to fulfil the duty of my ftation, 
 bv remaining iivcorruptable in the midft of numberlefs temptations artfully thrown in my way ; 
 by cxpofing my charafler to every attack which malice or refentment are fo apt to invent, a- 
 gainfl any man who attempts reformation ; and by encountering, of courfc, the odium of the 
 jettlement. 1 hefitated not a moment which choice to make ; 1 took upon my ll<ouiders a bur- 
 den which required refolution, perfcvcrance, and conftitution, to fuppoit. Having chole my 
 part, I was determined to exert myfclf in the attempt, happy in the refiedlion tint the honour 
 of the nation, and the very being of the Company, would be maintained by the fuccefi i and 
 confcious, that if I failed, my integrity and good intentions, at lea ft, mull remain unimpeached. 
 The other members of the Comimtte joint-d with me in opinion, that, in order to proceed up- 
 on bufinefs, it was ahfolutely ncvellary for us to afl'ume the powers vfherewith we were inveft- 
 cd. — VVc faw plainly, that moft of the gentlemen in council had been too deeplv concerned 
 thcmfelvcs, in the mcafuris which required amendnicnt, for lu to cxp^"£i any alliftance from 
 them ; on the contrary, wc were certain of finding oppohtion to every plan of Innovation, and 
 an unanimous attempt to defeat the intentions of the proprietors who (olicited my acceptance 
 of the government. The Committee therefore immediately met, and 1 had the happineis to 
 find myfelf i'upported by gentlemen whom no temptations could feduce, no incmvenieiiccs cr 
 threats of malice deter. Our proceedings will convince you, that we have dared to adt with 
 firmnefs and integrity, and will at the fame time demonftraie, that temper, unanimity, and dif- 
 patoh mull ever mark the proceedings of men unbiallcd by private intereft. 
 
 10. The gentlemen in council of late years, at Bengal, fcem to have been adluated, in every 
 confultation, by a very obftinatc and mifchievous fpi/it. The office of governor has been in a 
 manner hunted down, ftrippcd of its dignity, and then divided into ftxtccn fliares. Whether 
 
 ambi-
 
 A P P E N D I X No. 62. 
 
 ambition, obftinacy, pride or felWritereiT: is ufually the motive to fuch a purfuit, I will not 
 take upon me to determine ; but am Cure it can never ariff from a jult iJea of government, or a 
 true fenfe of the Company's intereft. In my opinion, it is the duty of the council to make the 
 power of the prefuitnt appear as extenfive as poffible in the eyt.s ot the people ; that all corref- 
 pondence with the country princes, fliould be carried on through him alone, fome particular 
 cafes excepted ; that the council Iho'ilri, upon all occafionf, be unanimous in fupporting, not 
 in extenuating, the dignity of his ftation ; and that he ought to be confidered among the na- 
 tives as the f)le manager and conduiStor of political affairs. This (hould be the outward ap- 
 pearance of adminiftration, though in reality the council muft be allowed a freedom of judg- 
 ment ; and when they perceive in the governor a tendency to abfolute or unjuftifiable meafures. 
 It then becomes their duty to check him. If they at any time have reafon to diffruft the rec- 
 titude of his principles, they fhould not allow him to execute defigns, even of the fmatlell mo- 
 ment, without prcvioufly laying them before the board, and obtaining their approbation. In 
 fhort, the beft governor fhould not, except in cafes of nccejfuy, be fuff"ered to conclude any 
 points of importance without the fanilion of the board. But the expedient of a felect Committe 
 equally prevents any ill conduct in the governor, and is bel"ides attended with advantages, 
 which can rarely be expedted from the whole body of counfellors. Five gentlemen well verfed 
 ■in the Company's true interell, of abilities to plan, and refolution to execute ; gentlemen, 
 whole fortunes are honourably approaching to affluence, and whofc integrity h;i> never fuffered 
 them to exceed the bounds of moderation ; a Select Commitree, compofed of fuch men, will 
 tranfacl more butinefs in a week, than the council can in a month. The opinions and judg- 
 ment of five men are as fccurely to be relied on, even in affairs of the utmoll confequence, as 
 fixteen : They are lefs liable to dilTention, and it may be faid beyond a cnntradidion, that their 
 aJmiiiilf ration is more diilant from democratic Anarchy. The council, however, would not be 
 a ufelefs body ; for whilff the attention of the Committee wis chieily engaged in v/atching and 
 .repairing the main fprings of government, the council would as materially ferve the Company 
 • in attending to the many other movements of the grand macliiiie, which are as elF-ntially ne- 
 cefiary lo the public advantage and fecurity. And that the Committee fhould not be able to 
 carry their powers to any dangerous length, they might be ordered annuallv, before the dif- 
 patch of the Europe fhips, to fubmit their proceedings to the review of the gentlemen in Coun- 
 cil, who might tranfmit their opinions thereupon to the Court of Directors. Your prefent 
 Select Committee have from time to time laid molt of their proceedings before council, and we 
 intend to continue the fame fyffem of candour, except in any political cafes of fecrecy, when 
 prudence may require that our refolutions ihould be confined to the knowledge of a few 
 
 II. Thus freely I have given you my opinion upon the fort of government 1 could wifli to 
 fee eftablifhed in this fettlement ; nor fhall I think mv duty done, till I have pointed out 
 every meafure that leems to mc bcff calculated to preferve your affairs (ro.n deftruclion. At Ben- 
 gal the rule of fuccelTion among your fcrvants is pernicioufly exa£l : There are frequent oc- 
 cafions where it ought to be fet afide ; where experience, underftanding, integrity, moderation, 
 ought to take place of accidental feniority. 'I'he demerits of molt your fuperior fervants 
 have been fo great, as you will learn from the Committee proceedings, that one can hardlv ima- 
 gine their future behaviour will intitle them to farther favours than you have hitherto beftowed 
 on them. I do not pretend to furmife what fentence you may pronounce upor: the gentlemen 
 who came under the cenfureof the Committee ; but whether it be moderate as ours, or fevere 
 as it def^rves, it will not much concern them, fince all of tiiem are now in very affluent cir- 
 cumftancep, and will probably return to Europe by this or the next year's fliippinj. Perufe 
 then the lift of yo ir covenanted fervants upon this eftablifliment : You will find that many 
 of thofe next in fucceffion are not only very young in the fervice, and confequenly unfit for 
 fuch exalted ftations, but arc alio ftrongly tainted with the principles of their fupcriors. — If 
 your opinion fhould correfpond wMth mine, fome remedv will be judged nccefTary to be applied, 
 and I confefs I fee but one. The unhappy change which within thefe few years has arifen in 
 the manners and condutt of your fervants at Bengal, is alone fufficient to remove the objec- 
 tions I once had to appointments from another fettlement • and the difficulty which now too 
 plainly appears of filling up vacancies in council with the requifite attention to the Com- 
 pany's honour and welfare, inclines me to wifh fuch appointments more frequent. In the pre- 
 fent ftate of this prcfidency, no meafure can, I think, prove more falutary, than to appoint 
 live or fix gentlemen from the coaft to the Bengal effablifhmcnt, and there to poft them a- 
 greeable to their rank and ftanding in the fervice; Melfrs. Ruflell, Floyer, Alderfey, and 
 Klelfall are among thofe who would be well worthy your attention, if this plan fhould be adopt- 
 ed. I cannot help further reccommcndin ; to your eonfideration, whether, if every other me- 
 thod fhould be found ineft'edtual, the tranfplanting a few of the young Bengal fervatits to 
 Madrafs, would not beof fignal fervice both to themfelves and the Company. You will like- 
 wife confider whether the fettlement of Bombay is capable of furnifhing us with a few m ri- 
 torious fervants, With regard to Madrafs, the conduft of the gentlemen upon that eltablilh- 
 
 menls
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 73. 
 
 ment is in general (0 unexceptionable, that to prcfent Bengal with fuch examples of regu- 
 larity, difcretinn, and moderation, would, I think, be a means of rcftoring it to good order 
 and government. It is paft a doubt, that every attempt of reformation mud fail, unlcfs the 
 fupcrior fcrvants be exemplary in their principlrs and coiidudt. If we fee nothing but rapacity 
 among cou'ncellors, in vain fhall we look for moderation among writers. 
 
 12. The fources of tyranny and oppreiTion which have been opened by the European agents 
 a£ling under the authority of the Company's ferv:;nts, and the nuniberlefs black agents and fub- 
 ag<nts afling alfo under them, will, 1 ftar, be a lalling reproach to the Englifli name in this 
 country : it is impollible to enumerate the complaints that have been laid before me by the 
 unfortunate ii;habitants, who had not forgot that I was an enemy to opprcflicn. The neceflity 
 of fecuring the confidence of the natives, is an idea I have ever mai;itained, and was in hopes 
 would be invariably adopted bv others ; but ambition, fuccefs, and luxury, ha»c, I find, in- 
 troduced a new fyltem of politics, at the fevcre cxpence of Englilh honour, of tiie Company's 
 faith, and even of common juftice snd humanity. The orders Co frequently iflued. That no 
 writers (hall hive the privilege of Jultucks, I have ftriftly obeyed ; but 1 am forry to inform you, 
 that all the wifhcd-for confcquenccs are not to be expected ; the officers of (he Government are 
 lo fenlib'e of our influence and authority, that they dare not prefumc to fearch or ftop a boat, 
 protcdlcd by the name of a Company's fcrvant; and you may be afTured that frauds of that kind, 
 JO eafy to be praclifed, and fo difficult to be detected, are but too frequent. I have at laft, 
 however, the happincfs to fee the completion of an event, which, in this relpecl as well as in 
 many others, muft be produ(!\ive of advantages hitherto unknown, and at the fame time prevent 
 ibufes that have hitherto had no remedy ; 1 mean the dewannee, whicii is the luperintendancy 
 ot all the lands, and the collection of all the revenues of the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and 
 Orixa. The aililtancc which the Gre.-.t Mogul had received from our arms and Treafury, 
 made him readily beltow this grant upon the Company ; and it is done in the moft effectual 
 m.inner you can defire. The allowance for the fupport of the Nabob's dignity and power, and 
 the tribute to his Majefty, muft be regularly paid ; the remainder belongs to the Company. 
 Revolutions are now no lonjer to be apprehended ; the means of cfFefling (hem will, in future, 
 te warning to air.bitious mufrulmcn ; nor v.-ill your fervants, ci\'il or military, be tempted to 
 foment difturbances, from whence can aril'e no benefit to themfclves. Reftitution, donation 
 iTioney, &c. &c. will be perfectly abolilhcd, as the revenues from v/hence they uftd to iffue will 
 be pofTeffed by ourfelves. The power of fupervifing the provinces, though loJ^'cd in us, fhould 
 not, however, in my (ipinion, be exerted. Three times the prcfent iiumbei of civil fervants 
 would be infiifEcient for the purpofe : whereas, if we leave the management to the old ofKccrs 
 of the Government, the Company need not be at the expencc of one additional fcrvant j and 
 though we may fuffer in the colledion, yet we fhall always be able to deieit and punilh any 
 great offenders, and ftiall have fome fatisfaction in knowing that the- cotruption is not among 
 ourfelves : by this means alio, the abufes inevitably fpringuig from the exercife of territorial 
 authority, will be cffeftually obviated ; there v/ill (fill be a Nabob, with an allowai'Ce fuitable 
 to his dignity, and the tenitorial jurifdidtion will (lill.be in the chiefs of the country, ading 
 under him and the Prefidcncy in conjundiion, though the revenues will belong to the Co;iipany. 
 BtJides, were the Company's officers to be the colledtors, foreign nations would immediately 
 take umbrage ; r.nd complaints preferred to the Britiiii Court might be attended witli very em- 
 barraffing coiiftquLiices : nor can it be fuppofcd, that cither the French, Dutch, or Danes, 
 will acknowledge the Englifli Companv Nabob of Bengal, and pay into the haiidd of their 
 fervants the duties upon trade, or the quit-rents of thole diftridts, which they have for many 
 years poffefftd by virtue of the Royal Phirmaund, or by grants from former Nabobs., 
 
 13. Your revenues, by means of this new acquifition, will, as near as I can jud^e, itot fall 
 far Inort, for the enluing year, of250 lacks of Sicca rupees, including your fonvitr poilcinons 
 of Burdwan, &c. Htrc'after they w'lll at lead amount to 20 or 30 bicks more. Your civil and 
 military expences, in time of peace, can never exceed 60 lack of rupees; the N.il-.u'o's allowances 
 are already reduced to 42 lack, and the tribute to the King is fixed at 26;_lb that rh' re will be 
 remaining, a clear gain to the Company of 122 lacks of Sicca rupees, or /\ 1,650,900. flerling, 
 ■which will defray all the cxpence of the inveflment, furnifli the whole of the china ttcafuie, 
 aniwer the demands of all your fettlcments in India, and leave a confiderable balance in your 
 treafury : befides, in time <jf war, when the country may be fubjct to the invalions of bodies 
 of cavalry, we fhall, notvMithltanding, be able to colledt a fufficient fum i'or our civil and 
 military exigencies, and likewife for our invdimcnts ; becaule a very rich pxrt of the Bengal 
 and Bahar dominions, are fuuated to the caftward of the Ganges, v/liere we can never be 
 invaded. What I have given you is a leal, not imaginary, (late of your revenues, and yoa 
 may be affured they will not fall fhort of iny computation. 
 
 14. Permit me here to have the honour of laying before you one ffriking circumftance which 
 
 has occurred to me, in confidering the fubjtdt of tlic Dewannee, and the conlequcnccs of your 
 
 ■large increafe of revenues. I have already oblcrved, that our acquifuion will give no umbrage 
 
 to foreign nations, with rsfpcdt to our territorial jurifdidticn, fo long as the prcfent appearance
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 73. 
 
 of the Nabob's power is preferved ; but I am convinced they will, ere long, entertain jealoufies 
 of our commercial fuperiority. Public complaints have indeed been already made from both 
 French and Dutch Fadories, that the dread of the £n;^lifh name, added to the encouragement 
 of your fervaiits at the different Aurungs, has deterred the weavers from complying with their 
 ufual and neceffary demands ; and I a,n perfuaded, that, fooner or later, national remonftrances 
 will be made on that fubjed. Perhaps one half of the trade being referved to the Englifh Com- 
 pany, and the other divided between the French, Dutch, and Danes, in fuch proportions as 
 may be fettled between their refpedtive coinmllVaries, might adjult thele difpatcs to the mutual 
 fatisfa£tion of all parties. Befides, as every nation which trades to the Eaft-Indies conftantly 
 brings out filver, for the purchafe of merchandize in return, and as our revenues will, for the 
 future, enable us tofurnifh all our inveftmcnts, without any remittance from England,, it feemg 
 nectflary that we fhould, in fome degree, encourage the trade of others, in order that this 
 country may be fupplied by them with bullion, to replace the quantity we (hall annually fend 
 to China, or to any other part of the world. It is impo/lible for me to be a fufficient judgo 
 of the pradicability or propriety of admitting other nations to fuch a proportion of trade with 
 \is in thefe parts ; nor will you fufpeJt that 1 entertain a thought of taking any ftep, without 
 iiiftructions from you, in an affair of fuch national importance. I do not even prefume to argue 
 upon the fubjed ; I only mention it as a point which has occurred to me, and which, I think, 
 well merits your moft ferious confideration. 
 
 15. Confidering the Exccfies we have of late years manifefled in our conduct, the princes of 
 Jiidoftan will not readily imagine us capable of moderation, nor can we exped they will ever be 
 ittached to us by any other motive than fear. Meer JafTu-r, Coffim Aly, the nabob of Arcot 
 (tnc beft Mufiulman 1 ever knew) have afforded inftances iufiicicnt of their inclination to throw 
 r-ff the Englifh fuperiority. No opportimity will ever be neglected that feems to favour an at- 
 tempt to extirpate us though the confequences, while we keep our army complete, mud in the 
 end be more fatal to themfclves. This impatience under the fubjedion, as I may call it, to Eu«- 
 ropeans is natural, but fo great the infatuation of the natives of the country, that they look no 
 farther than the prefent moment, and will put their all to the hazard of a fingle battle. Even 
 our young nabob, who is the iffue of a proftitute,, who has little abilities, and lefs education to- 
 fupply the want of them, mean, weak, and ignorant, as this man is, he would, if left to him- 
 Iclf, and a tew of his artful Flatterers, purfue the very paths of his predeceffors. It is impoflible 
 therefore to truft him with power, and be fafe. If you mean to maintain your prefent poffeffions- 
 and advantages, the command of the army and receipt of the revenues muft be kept in your 
 hands : every wifh he may exprefs to obtain either, be aflured, is an indication of his defire to 
 reduce you to your original ftate of dependency, to which you can never now return, without 
 ceafjng to exift. If you allow the nabob to have forces, he will foon raile money; if you al- 
 low him a full treafury without forces he will certainly make ufe of it to invite the Marrattas, 
 or other powers, to invade the country, upon a fuppofition that we Ihall not fufpc£l the part 
 he takes, and that fuccefs will reftore him to the full extent of his fovereignty ; for fo ignorant 
 is he, even of the nature of his own countrymen, that he would never imagine the very men he 
 had paid to reicue the dominions from us, would only conquer to fcize the (poil for themfelvcs. 
 Such is he whom we now call Nabob, and fuch are the faithlefs politics of hidoftan. VVe have 
 adopted however a plan, which if ftricllv adhered to, muft effcclually prrvtnt his involving 
 the Company, or himfelf,. in any difficulties : Mahomed Reza Cawn, Roy Dullub, and Juggut 
 Seat, men ot the moft approved credit and moderation, are appointed jointly to the management 
 of all his affairs, nor is either of them to aftfingly in any meafure of Govcriiinent. The Royal 
 Treafury is under three different locks and keys, and each of thefe Mijiifters of State has a 
 key, fo that no money can be iffucd for any krvice whateve;, without the joint knowledge 
 and confent of them all. Our Rcfident at the Durbar is to infpeilt the liedfuiy accounts 
 l/om time to time, as he or the Governor and Council may think propt r : but we are never 
 to intertere in the appointment or complaint of any officer under the Government, nor in any 
 particulars relative to the above-mentioned departments, unlcfs fome extr.ioidmary condud of 
 the Miniftry Ciould render alteration requifite. This form of Government 1 thought proper 
 to recommend, in order to purge the Court of afet of knaves and parafites, by whom the Nabob 
 was lurrounded, and who were always undermining our influence, that they might the more 
 firmly eftablilh their own. So far you will obferve we have exerted ourlelves in the arrangement 
 of the Nabob's affairs ; but it is a meafure of the utmoft confequence, fmce it lays the foundation 
 of that tranquillity, avoderation, and regularity, which will lupport the Government againft 
 any future attempts to a revolution ; and we are determined to intereft ourlelves a-t the city in 
 no other rcfpedt. I need only add, that Mr. Sykes, for whom we intend the Refidentfliip, i$ 
 a Gentleman, from whofe inflexible integrity, and long experience in the country politics, wc 
 have reafon to expcd the moft exa<5t performance of every duty in fuch an important ftation. 
 
 16. The regulation of the nabob's miniftry, the acquifition of the dewannce, and the honour- 
 able terms on which wc have conduced a peace with the vizier of the empire, have placed the 
 dignity and advantages of the Englilli Eaft India Company on a bafis more firm than our moft 
 
 faiiguine 
 
 I
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 73-. 
 
 .inguinc wifhcs could a few months ago have fuggefted. Thefe however alone will not enfure 
 jour (lability ; thefe are but the out-works which guard you from your natural enemies, the 
 natives of the country : ali is not fafe ; danger ftill fubfifts from more formidable enemies 
 within; Luxury, Corruption, Avarice, Rapacity, thefe have pofleflion of your principal ports, 
 and are ready to betray your citadel. Thelis therefore muft be extirp.ited, or they will in- 
 fallibly deftroy US} for we cannot exped the lame caufes which have ruined the greatcft 
 kingdoms fhould have different effccls on fuch a ftate as ours. That fudden growth of riches 
 from whence thofc evils principally arife, denjands our molt ferious attention-. The affairs of 
 Bengal, however glorious and flourifliing the profpedt may now be, cannot be fuccefsfully 
 managed by men whofc views extend not beyond a year or two,, and who will fet all orders 
 from the Court of Dire£tors at defiance, well knowing they mull have acquired an affluent 
 fortune, or at lead a comfortable independency, before refentment can reach them. A competency 
 ought to be allowed to all your fervants, from the time of their arrival in India, and advantages 
 fhould gradually increafe to each, in proportion to his ftation ; but I would have few of them en- 
 tertain hopes of returning to their native country, till tliey (hall have attained the rankof coun- 
 fellor; then the prol'pcil (hould open to them, and they fhould be certain of being enabled to re- 
 turn in a few years with independent fortunes. This certainty would arife from the freight 
 fhips, from the privileges oi trade (the advantages of which you are not unacquainted with) 
 and alfo from the profits upon fait, beetle, and tobacco, agreeable to the new regulatiori whicb 
 we have made, in order to rcflify the abufes that have been fo long committed in thofe branches 
 of trade, to the great detriment of the country government, without view of benefit to the 
 Company, 
 
 17. The regulation now eflablifhed for the fait trade, will, I hope, be entirely to your fatif- 
 faction. I at firft intended to propofe, that the Company and their fervar.ts fhould be jointly 
 and equally concerned in the trade itfelf, but upon better confideration, 1 judged that plan tO' 
 be rather unbecoming the dignity of the Company, and concluded it would be better that 
 they fhould give the trade entirely to their fervants, and fix a duty upon it for theiiifelves, equi- 
 valent to half the profits. This duty we have computed at the rate of thirty-five p;:r cent, for 
 the prefent, but I imagine, it will be able, next year,, to bear an increafe. The articles of 
 Beetle and Tobacco, being of Icfs confiquencc, and yielding much lefi> advantage, the dutiej 
 upon them, of courfe, mult be lefs. For farther particulars of thefe regulations, I beg leave 
 to refer you to the Committee's letter and proceedings, as I would not here trouble you with 
 the repetition of a matter which is there fo fully laid before you. 
 
 i8. The advantages propofed for the Governor and Council, would uniloubtedly appear ex- 
 tremely large, to ttiofe who are unacquainted with the riches of Bengal, and the numberlefs 
 opportunities which the Company's fervants have of acquiring monev : but you, who are now 
 perfectly informed of the levenues of thefe kingdoms, and the prodigious cmolijments within 
 tlic reach ot gcntl men high in the Icivice, will, lam perfuaded, agree with me, that if fomc 
 plan, of the nature propoleil, be not adopted, the Governor and Council will ot lail to ac- 
 quire much larger fortune*, by other means, in a much fhortcr time ; which mull always be 
 productive of that quick fuccellion, not only fo detrimental to your commercial iiUereft, but. 
 ib totally incompatible with the Acquifition af political knowledge, which ought now to be 
 confidered as a very mateiial qualification in all your civil as well as military fervants. To obvi^ 
 ate an objection which nay arife, th it they may poflibly pr(.iceed in the old way of procuring 
 money, notwithllaiiding they accept of thefe allowances, I would have an oath tcndere-d to them, 
 of as (trong and folemn a nature as can be penned ; 1 h.ive drawn out the torm ol one, agreea- 
 ble to my idea of the expedient, ami have the hon<iur to enelofc it fjr your coniideration. To 
 this may be annexed a penalty bond of £. 1^~>,CC0 to be executed by the Governor, and of 
 £. 50,0C0 to be executed by each of the Council. Thus the confciciice of fome will be awak- 
 etied by the legal confequeiices of perjury ; and pecuniary punifhinent will be a lure guard 
 over the hoiicfty of others. Could the hearts of men be known by their general charadter in (o' 
 ciety, or could theircondue^ in a ftate of temptation, he alcertaincd from their moderate atten- 
 tion to wealth, whilft the fu Iden acquifition of it was impoflible, the propofal I make would 
 be an affront to religion and to morality ; but firce that is not the cafe in any part of t'r.c V\''orld, 
 and Icalt of all lo in the £aft, we muit fir our own fecurity impofc fuch reitraints, as itiall 
 make it impofiible even for hyprocrify to introduce corruption. 
 
 iq. Having thus fully fubmitted to you my fentiinents on the civil department, perm-it me to 
 trouble you with a few obfervations on the milit.iry, which defervej a no lefs ferious aitention. 
 In the former part of thib letter, I have mentioned that luxury, and an abhorrence ot Subor- 
 dination, had ovcrfpread your army, but that tire good effects of appointing field olHcers had 
 already become vifible. The Committee letter will indole a general return of their number, 
 and enlarge upon the necellity of keeping each regiment complete to the ettabliflimeiu ; I there- 
 fore avoid faying any thing here upon thofe fuhjects. That letter will alio fpecify the propor- 
 tion of emoluments propofed for the field officers, from the new-acquiivd advantages upon fait; 
 The fame objedtion may perhaps be midc to thii, which I fappofeJ vva^ likely to otcui wubrc- 
 
 f^ccte
 
 %. 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 73. 
 
 ptcl to the plan for the benefit of the civil fervants ; if fo, I beg leave to refer you to my prc- 
 pofal and remarks upon th:it fubject, which are equally proper and ap|>!icable to this. Thefc 
 points then 1 conclude arj fuffitiently before jou ; and I proceed to recummend to your confi- 
 di:rati(>n, that tlic regiiiieiiting of the troops has introducfd a much larger number of officers 
 of rank, than has hitherto been admitted upon your cftabiiftnnent ; and that tliis regulation be- 
 neficial and necelTary as it is, will, notwithftanding, be productive of one dangerous evil, if 
 not conftantly guarded againft by the authority of the Governor and Council, fupported and 
 enforced by the higher powers at home. The evil I mean to apprife you of, is the encroach- 
 ment of the military upon the civil jurifdidtion, and an attempt to be independant of their au- 
 thority. A fpirit of this kind has always been vifible ; our utmoft vigilence therefore is requi- 
 fite to fupprefs it, or at lead: 10 take care that it (hall not a^Ctually prevail. I hue been at fome 
 pains to inculcate a total fubjedlion of the army to the government, and 1 doubt not you ^ 
 
 will ever maintain that principle. In the held, in time of adiual fervice, I could wiih to fee 
 the commander of your forces implicitly relied on for his plan of operations ; orders from the 
 prefidency may frequently embarrafs him, and prejudice the fervice : at fuch a time, he is cer- 
 tainly the beftjuJge of what meafaies ftiould be purfued, and ought therefore to be trufted with 
 difcretionarv powers ; but he ihould by no mesns be permitted to vary from the firft general 
 plan of a campaign, nor, from his own idea of ths Company's interelt, to profecute operati- 
 ons of importance, when they are not alfo of real utility and emergency. I dwell not howcuer 
 entirely upon the conduct of a commander of the forces, as fuch in the field ; he is to under- 
 ftand that upon all occafions, a gentleman in the Council is his fuperior, unlefs he alfo has a 
 feat at the Bo<.rd, and then he will of courfe rank as he ftands in that appointment. The whole 
 army fliould in like manner be fubordinate to the civil power ; and it is the indifpenfable duty 
 of theGovernorandCouncil to keep the.m fo. If at any time they fhould ftruggle for fuperiority, 
 the Governor and Council muft ftrenuoully exert themfclves ; ever mindful that they are the 
 truftees fcr the Company in this feulement, and the guardians of public property under a civil 
 inftitution. 
 
 20. It would cive me pain to fee a regulation fo (alutary as that of the appointment of field 
 officers attended wnh any incoveniencies ; and therefore I would earneftly recommend the fol- 
 lov.-ina; very eafy and effectual mode of prevention. Let the Equality in civil and military rank 
 be imir.ediately fettled by the court of Directors. Were difputes about precedence the only 
 points to be adjuftcd, they would not be wortli a moment's reflection : but we are to confider 
 that (ipportuniiRs v/il! fometimes happen when military gentlemen may aifume power and autho- 
 rity from the rank they hold among the civil fjrvants, and perhaps pay no attention to orders 
 iffued from their luppofed inferiors. Such contentions may have difagrecablc confequencei ; 
 and to prevent them, I propofe, that all the Colonels (the commanders of the troops excepted 
 who is intitled to the rank of 3d in Council) fhall be equal in rank to the counfellors, but al- 
 ways the youngeft of that rank ; the lieutenant colonels (hould rank with fcnior merchants • 
 the majors with junior merchants ; captains with factors ; and lieutenants and enfio-ns with 
 writers. The rank of all officers below colonel-, and of civil fervants below counfellors, may 
 be confidcred according to the dates of their cummiffions and appoii.tments refpedlively : when 
 fuch a regulation has taken place, I think the appointment of field officers cannot be charo-ed 
 with a fingle inconvenience. 
 
 1 1. Before 1 quit the fubjcft of the army, I mult repeat what, if I midake not, I mentioned 
 to iVlr. Rous before 1 lett England, the propriety of appointing Sir Robert Barker to the com- 
 mand o? a regiment in cafe of a vacancy. On the deatii ot Colonel Kna\, I hcfitated not to 
 appoint Sir Robert to the 3d regiment, but it met with oppoiition, not only from fome of the 
 gentlerr.en in Council, but afterwaids from Sir Robert Fletcher, who thought himfelf agnrieved 
 tliough at a time wiien Barker was a captain, he was only a volunteer in your fervicej and befides 
 Sir Robert Barker muft on all occafionj, as the elder officer, have commanded in the field in the 
 ablcnce of General Carnac and Colonel Smith, even if this appointment had not taken place. 
 1/ I could imagine that his feniority in the fervice did not fufficiently enti;lc him to his prefer- 
 ment, 1 would urge his experience, which is greater than that of the other gentleman, and his 
 diiintercflednefs, which made him accept what is fo infinitely inferior, in point of emoluments, 
 to the command of the artillery. Lieut. Colonel Peach has in like manner been objedled to by 
 the majors appointed by the governors and Council ; but it has always been cuftomary to pre- 
 fer officers of your own appointment to thofeof the fame rank nominated by the governor and 
 Council: I need not point out the propriety of your confirming this gentleman's Commiffion. 
 The introducing Lieut. Colonel Chapman alfo to that rank has met with the fame obje£lions ; 
 with regard to him, permit me to acquaint you, that he is a very old major in the king's fervice; 
 that he was ftrongly folicited at Madrafs to continue there, and on very advantageous terms, 
 when his regiment was ordered home ; but that I found him at the Cape in his way to Europe ; 
 and it was with the utmoft difficulty that Meffrs. Sumner and Sykes and my fclf could prevail up- 
 on him to return to India next in rank to Lieut. Colonel Peach. His merits on the coaft have 
 be^ very great, and I confider him as a very valuable acquifition to your fervice ; I therefore 
 
 moll
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 73- 
 
 mod earneftly requeft you will be pleafed to confirm his appointment as lieutenant Colonel on 
 thi» eftablilhment. Neither of thefe three gentlemen I have here fpeken of can be cenfured for 
 that fpirit of licentioul'nefs and indt-pendency, which I hare [jointed out as the great evils we ought 
 to guard againft ; and the variety as well as length of their lervices will certainly be of confider- 
 able advantage to corps like ours. I muft at the fame time confefs, that I cannot be refponfible 
 for that difcipline and reformation we mean fhall take place, unkTs the field officers are men 
 I can depend upon. Moft of the captains now in your fervice have had fo little experience, 
 and are, J fear, fo liable to the general objefliori, that I could wi(h to have five or fix captains 
 fent out who have fcen fervice, who underftand difcipline, and who are well recommended by 
 their colonels. If you fhould think proper to extend this plan to majors, it will be fo much 
 the better ; but there is no occafion to go higher. Among the appointments you may be pleafed 
 to make in England, I could wifh to find a majority upon this eftablilhment for Major Pembic, 
 agreeable to the date of the brevet given him upon his arrival at this place. That gentleman has 
 j'cen much fervice, both on the coafl of Coromandel and Manilla, and at Bengal ; but being 
 on the Bombay eftabliftment, where the rife is fo very flow, he has had the mortification to fee 
 himfelf conftantly fuperleded by the coaft and Bengal officers. You may be aflTured I would not 
 trouble you with this recommendation, if I did not know him to be worthy of your notice. 
 
 22. The enquiries I have found myfelf under the neceflity of promoting, the regulations 
 which I judged proper (hould take place without delay, together with thote 1 have here had the 
 honour to propofe for your mature deliberation, will, I doubt not, meet with that candid dif- 
 cuiCon which the importance of the fubjeft requires. You will be pleafed, upon the whole, 
 to obferve, that the great objedt of my labour has been (and it muft alfo be yours) to Item that 
 torrent of luxury, corruption, and licentioufnefs, which have nearly overwhelmed the interelt, 
 and I might add the exiftence, of the Company in thefe parts ; to reduce your civil fervants 
 to a fenle of duty to their employers, and moderation in the purfuit of their own advantages ; to • 
 introduce difcipline, fubordination, economy, into your army ; and to prevent, in generali 
 that fudden acquisition of riches, which is evidently the root of almoft every other evil^ both 
 in the civil and military department. 
 
 23. Is there a man anxious for the fpecdy return of his fon, his brother, or his friend, and 
 folicitous to fee that return accompanied by affluence of fortune, indifi^'erent to the means by 
 V hich it may have been obtained ? Is there a man, who void of all but f;lfifli feelings, can 
 withhold his approbation of any plan that promifes not fudden riches to thofe his dearcft con- 
 nexions ; who can look with contempt upon meafures of moderation ; and who can chcrifli ail 
 upftart greatnefs, though ftigmatized with the fpoils of the Company ? If there is fuch a man, 
 to him all arguments would be vain ; to him 1 fpeak not. — My addrefs is to thofe who can judge 
 coolly of the advantages to be dt fired for their relations and friends, nor think the body corporate 
 wholly unmtitled to their attention. If thefe (hould be of opinion, that an independent fortune, 
 honourably acquired in a faithful fervice of 12 or 15 years, is more compatible with the 
 interefts of the Company, than to the late rapidity of the acquifitioiis, and at the (,mie time fa- 
 tisfailory to the expcftations of Reafon ; I will venture to afilit, that the regulations already 
 made, together with thofe propofed, will, when enforced by the authority of the Court of Di- 
 rectors, infure ti> the Company their commercial and political advantages, and be productive of 
 certain independency to every fervant who endeavours to deferve it. 
 
 24. The general terms in v/hich I have mentioned the depravity of this fcttlement oblige me 
 to point out to your attention the inftances, the very few inftances, of diftinguifhid merit union^ 
 the fuperior fervants. To find a man who, in the midft of luxury ar.d licentioufnefs, had retained 
 the true idea of commercial economy ; who, inierior in fortune to mod of your civil (ervants 
 in the rank of couiifellors, was yet iuperior to all in moderation and integrity ; whofc regard 
 for the welfare of the Public, and for the rc-putation of individuals, had mauc him warn others 
 from falling into the temptations of corruption, which he hw were approaching; and who 
 could adtu.illy refill thole temptations himfelf, when a fhare was allotted hitn of money he 
 thought unwarrantably obtained : to find luch a man in fuch a fettlcment would appear incrt- 
 
 'dible, to ihofe who are unacquainted with Mr. Verelft. I have reprcfented this Gentleman to 
 you, as I fhould every one, in his real charadler ; and ihall only add, that, if you wifli to fee 
 the meafures we are now purfuing fupported with integrity, abilities, and refolutirn, you will 
 endeavour to prevail on him to continue in your fervice, by appointing him to tuccccd Mr. 
 Sumner in the government. To omit mentioning Mr. Cartier would be injuftice, as he all.i 
 ilaiids high in my opinion ; his charadler is clear, and his attachment to your fervice, what 
 it ought to be, unbiafled by any mean attention to his own advantages. I wifli finccrely your 
 lift of fuperior fervants would enable me to detain you longer on fubjcfls of commendation ; 
 but 1 have fiiiiflied the piClure, and I cannot add another figure that defervcs to be djftiiiguiflied 
 from the groupc. 
 
 25. Having filled fo many pages upon the fubjeft of public affairs, you will indulge me with 
 a few lines upon a circumftance which concerns myfelf. Mr. Johnftone, in his laft minute in 
 council, has thought proper to throw out fome obfcrvations upon the validity of my title to 
 
 r the
 
 A P. P ,E N D I X, No. 74. 
 
 the Jajhire -, iDniiuating that the dcfedl which he pretends to have Jifcovercd was not known 
 
 ?.r the nme of my litigation with the Company. As I would not wi(h that a point in which 
 my Ivonour is concenicd fliould pals unnoticed, I muil obferve tiiat the Ki.ig's Sunnud, which 
 Mr. Johnltonc -iftiims was rtquiike to be obt^.ined within fix months (Vom the granting of the 
 Taohire, for the confinnatiun of it, is a matter of form only, and not undei flood to be elTential. 
 A* a nrpof of -this, l.inclofe tranfaclions of various Jat^hire grants, properly attefled by Mr. 
 Viftfittart, the Perfian tranflator ; as a]fo an atteftation of the Amc gentleman, that the grant 
 t<> ir>e was as complete as other grants of that nature generally are ; but to put this iTiattcr out 
 tit ilifpute, the p;j>er of a^reenicnt which Mr. Johnllone alludes to, is of no more confequence 
 than a piece of blank paper, fuice it was never executed by nic, or by any agent or vjquecl on 
 niv account ; nor was :>ny agent ever named or thought of by n.c. Inclofcd, I tranfmit you 
 a tranrtation of the very pai:er, attefted by Mr. Vanfittart. 
 
 ti). Permit me now to remind you, that I have a large family, who ftand in need of a father's 
 ■pc{>t*(ffi)>n ; that 1 facrinGe iny health, and hazard my fortune, v\'ith mv life, bv continuing in 
 this cliaiaie :i!ie firft great purpofes of nriy .ippointment are perfecily anfwered ; peace is reftored, 
 end mv e-n;:;;!£.eiiient to procure for the Company the reverfion c,f my Jaghire, is complcatcd in 
 tie ful'lell manner, iince it is not only ccniirmed by the prefent Nabob, but by the Great 
 lVlo"ul : I now only w„it to be informed, whether mv conduit thus far be approved of, and 
 aC'd whether the whole o.' any part of the regulations I have had the honour to lay before you are 
 conformable to vour ide;iy of-the reformation nccefTary to be eiiabiifhed ; if tney meet with your 
 approbaijon, I doubt ^not ycu will irnmediateiy impower me, in conjundtion with the Selefi 
 Committee, to iinifh-ihe bufinefs fo fucfcfsfully begun, which may eafily be efFeded before the 
 end of the cnfuing ) Cjir ; vyhtii 1 a.ii determined to return to Europe, and hope to acquaint you 
 in pi.r!on with the accomplijfr.nicnt of every wifh you can form for the profperity of your affairs 
 in Bengal. , : 
 
 27. i fnall conclude this tedious letter, by obferving, that my an>iety to know whether you 
 approve of my conduci: or not, can proceed from no other motive than my concern for fhe 
 Public ; fince i continue invariable in the refolution I formed, and expreficd in a General Court 
 Oona; before the covenants were propofed, of acquiring no addition to my fortune by my ac- 
 icei'tance of the government ; and I beg leave alfo to allure you, that, in order to obviate all 
 .fulpicion of a coUufion in this delicate point, I have not permitted either of the gentlem:n of mv 
 :ai:i:!v to hold an cmplcymcnt in your lervice, nor to receive prefents, although they are not 
 bound bv covenants to the contr.'.ry. The Iniail congratulatory nazurs, elephants, horfes, &c. 
 which 1 have been under a nece/Iity of receiving, da not, 1 imagine, amount to any confiderable 
 fuin ; but whatever it may be, not a fanhing fhall go into my own pocket. I have hitherto 
 been too much engaged in matters of public importance to attend to a p.irticular valuation; but 
 I have '.auled an exaii^ account to be kept of every, even the mofi; trifling, prefent, which, at 
 my retur,n ihall be fub.nittcd toyqur infpeiiVion; and in the mean time, the aniouiu of the whole 
 fliall go toward? deirayiiig my extraordinary expences as Governor. The (jnly favour I have to 
 lolicit for myfelf i.s, that although your, Treafury here will for the future be fo full as 10 render 
 itdinicult for individuals to obtain bills upon the Company, payable at home, you will be pleafed 
 to jndulge me with the ufual channel of remittanc: of my Jaghire, until it reverts to the 
 Conip.Tny. i have the honour to be, with the utraofl refpecl. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 Your mofl obedient, and nioft humble Servant, 
 To the Honourable the Court of Dire£^ors. Clive. 
 
 j8. I cannot help requefting your attention to Mr. Willim Wynne, a young gentleman 
 whom I broujjht out to India with me, and whom I was in hopes of feeing appointed a writer on 
 the lift of that year. I have caufed him to tranfcribe this letter, that you nuiy fee he is qualified 
 in point of ptnmanfhip ; and as he has lived conUantly with mc, and adUdas afliftant to my 
 fecrctary, I can take upon mc to be refponfible for his conduct and abilities in every refpett : It 
 is therefore my particular requeft that you confer on him the ftation of a writer, to rank from 
 the tinr.e of his leaving Enlgand. 
 
 20. I beg alfo to recommend to your proteflion Mr. Maddifon, a gentleman of a liberal 
 education, and who prornifes to be a very valuable fervant to the Company, from an uncom- 
 mon facility in acquirins; the Perfian Language. As he is 27 years of age, you will not think 
 ine unrcalbnable in foliciting tor him the appointment of a faftor. 
 
 C L I y E. 
 
 No. 74. 
 
 Extract cf a Letter from the Court of Direiiors to the Prefident and Selei? Committee at Fort 
 
 William in Bengal, ijth May \-jbb, 
 
 I, (^N the iQth of lafl month we received the feveral packets committed to the care of Cap- 
 v_/ tain Griffin, in which was your letter of the 30th of September, one from Lord Clive, 
 
 and a general letter, both dated the fame day. 
 
 2. As
 
 APPENDIX. No. 
 
 74- 
 
 2. As forr.c of the moft important affairs have fallen iinlcr your managenicnf, which have 
 ever occurrtd fmcc the Company had a being, it is with the utinort latis.'aiilion vvc oblerve 
 with what zeal and true regard to the intereft of your employers you have purfued fuch mcafures 
 not only with refpect to the political fyftem of the country, but the arduous tafk of dif- 
 covcring, and laying open to our view, the infidelity, rapacioufncfs, and milb-haviour, of oi,r 
 ftrvants in general ; of all which, you may be fully aflured, we have the highcft and moit 
 grateful fenfe. 
 
 3. As (liibility to your plans for a peaceable pofTtfllon of our acquifitions, and a thorough 
 reforniition in our f.-rvants in gen-ral, are obj;.'itts of the greattft importance, and in which 
 the prefenceof Lord Clive is elientially necefury ; we made it our uiianimons and earneft re- 
 queft, that his Lordfhip would continue another feafon in Bengal ; and which we Uere again 
 repeat, in confidence and hopes of his Lordfhip's ready acquiefcence to coinple:e what he hailaid 
 fo good a foundation for, as you will obfcrve by the accompanying triplicate of a letter we ad- 
 dreficd to his Lordfhip, dated the 2d inOant, which as the occafion was fo important, w.; ftnt 
 o/er land, for fear the mercury, by which you will receive this, (hould not reach Bengal befors 
 tlie departure of his Lordiihip. 
 
 4. Although we think you have made a moft uncxpCvSicd progrcfs in inveftigafing the many 
 n-\T and important atfairs that have come before you, yet we confider what y<-u have done as 
 neceflarily iiiperfeiS, till you have had fome experience of the efTedl of your regulations. You 
 mud not therefore look on the following obfer valions and dire«Slons as carrying any difapprobation 
 of )our conduct in general, but as rcP.eitions that occur to us on the firft view of affairs fo 
 totally new to us. V/e truft entirely to the continuance of your zealous cnJcavcurs to brin^ 
 this great work, to perfciStion. 
 
 6. hrom the fen'.iments we ex ore fled in every one of our late letters, you will cafily judaic 
 the great pleaiure it g.we us to fee the war with Souja Dowla ended fo conformable to our 
 v.'iflies. We always clleemed the power of that foubah the Ifrongefl: barrier wo could hav ; 
 ajainft the invafions of the northern powers, and of the Moraitas, which have fo lona- laid 
 difclate the northern provinces ; and, had the impolitic, injudicious views of our late 
 governor and council been followed, and the king, or Nudjeef Cawn, b>en left in pofLffion 
 of Souja Dovvla's Country, we are convinced they would not have had weight and abilities 
 to have fupporied themfclves, and we muft either have had their wars to maintain at that 
 immenfe diltance, or they would have been drove back on us, and brou-^ht the war down to 
 ojr own frontiers, or even into our own provinces. Nothing could fo effectually reftorc that 
 country to its former ffatc, as putting its natural prince in the full pofTe.Tion of his domi- 
 nions i and ws are equally pleafed to fee the care that has been taken of ail thof; who fhe-A-ed 
 thtir attachment to us in the courfe of the war. Bulwantfing's joining us ac the time he 
 did, was of fingal fervice, and the ftipulation in his favour was what he was juftly in- 
 titled to. 
 
 7. Equally politic and prudent are the conceflions in favour of the king, whofe interefl: 
 wns-but confidered by the reftonng Souja DowU to his country, the only Subah in Indoftan 
 who is ( ver likely to tupport him in his prttenfiuns to the Empire. 'I'lie revenue agreed to 
 be paid him muft be, in the eyes of the Indian powers, a mark of our rcfpedt to the 
 royal blood, and an acknowlegen?.cnt of his right. We approve alfo the bein^ guarantee 
 fcr Nudjeef Cawn; and finally v/e hope the moderation and attention paid to all thofs who 
 have efpcufed our intcrefb in this war, will reftore our reputation in Indoiian ; and that the 
 Indian powers will be convinced no breach of treaty will ever have our fanclion. We alfo 
 hope the 50 Lacks llipulated to be paid by Souja Dowla will be, before this reaches you, 
 ditchargcd, and his Dominions entirely evacuated by our troops ; and that none will remain un- 
 der prttence of protection to the king's perfon, for that may lead to pretenflons to fupport 
 liim in his claim to the Empire, a meafurc quite contrary to our views ; being dettrniinel to 
 make the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, the utmolt bounds of our political vicvs 
 or pofTefTioiis. 
 
 8. The article in the treaty with Souja Dowla, ftipulating a trade duty-free throu-h his do- 
 minions, we diredl to be confined fo'ely to the Company's trade ; and even itj that fenfe of 
 
 .it, we mean only, if his dominions produce any goods fit for the European markets, or if it 
 can be made the "means of. extending our trade in the woollen man u fact u re, or any other 
 European goods. 
 
 9. We come now to confider the great aril important affair of the Dewannee, on vvh.ich wc 
 fliall give you our fentiments, with every objection thu occurs to us. 
 
 10. When wc confid.r that the barrier of tlie country government was entirely broke down, 
 and every Englifhman throughout the. country armed with an authority that owne 1 no fu- 
 perior, and e.xcrcifing his power to the opprefTion of the helplefs Native, who knew not 
 whom to obey ; at fuch a crifis, we cannot hefitatc to approve your-obtaining the Dewannee 
 for the Company. . . 
 
 11. ^Vhen
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 74- 
 
 1 1. When we look back to the fyftem that Lord Clive and the gentlemen of the Select Com- 
 mittee found eftaliflied, it prefents to us a Souba difarmed, with a revenue of almoft two 
 Millions Steiling, (for fo much feems to have been left, exclufive of our demands on him) at 
 the mercy of our fervants, who had adopted an unheared-of ruinous principle, of an intereft 
 diftin<ri from the Company : This principle fhewed itfelf in laying their hands upon every thing 
 they did not deem the Company's property. 
 
 J2. Jn the province of Burdwan, the refident and his council took an annual ftipend of 
 near eighty thoufand Rupees per annum, from the Rajah, in addition to the Company's 
 falary. This {lands on the Burdwan accounts, and we fear was not the whole ; for we 
 apprehend it went further, and that they carried this pernicious principle, even to the (haring 
 with the Rajah of all he collefted beyond the ftipulated Mulgazurry, or land revenue, over- 
 looking the point of duty to the Company, to whom propeily every thing belonged that was 
 not neceflary for the Rajah's fupport. It has been the principle too on which our fervants 
 have falfely endeavoured to glofs over the crime of their proceedings, on the acceflion of 
 the prefent Souba, and we fear would have been foon extended to the grafping the greateft 
 fhare of that part of the Nabob's revenues which was not allotted to the Company. In 
 fhort, this principle was dire£lly undermining the whole fabrick, for whilft the Company were 
 finking under the burthen of the war, our fervants were enriching themfelves from thofe 
 very funds that ought to have fupported the war. But to Lord Clive and our Seled Com- 
 mittee we owe that the Company are at laft confidered as principals in the advantages as well 
 as dangers. 
 
 13. We muft now turn our attention to render our acquifitions as permanent as human wif- 
 dom can make them. This permanency we apprehend can be found only in the fimplicity of 
 the execution. We obferve the account you give of the office and power of the King's Dewan 
 in former times, was the collefting of all the revenues, and after defraying the expences of the 
 army, and allowing a fufficient fund for the fupport of the Nizamut, to remit the remainder to 
 Pelhi. This defcription of it is not the office we vvifli to execute ; the experience we have al- 
 ready had in the province of Burdwan, convinces us how unfit an Engliftiman is to conduct 
 the collection of the revenues and follow the fubtle native through all his arts to conceal the real 
 value of his country, to perplex and to elude the payments. We, theiefore, entirely approve of 
 your preferving the ancient form of government in the upholding -the dignity of the Souba. 
 
 14. We conceive the office of Dewan fhould be exercifeJ only in fuperintending the collec- 
 tion and difpofal of the revenues, which office, though vefted in the Company, fhould officially 
 be executed by our refident at the Durbar, under the controul of the governor and Sele£t com- 
 mittee ; the ordinary bounds of which controul (hould exteivi to nothing beyond the fuperintend- 
 ing the collection of the revenues, and the receiving the money from the nabob's treafury to 
 that of the Dewannah or the Company. And this we conceive to be neither difficult nor com- 
 plicated ; for at the annual poonah the government fettles with each Zemindar his monthly 
 pajments for the enfuing year ; fo the monthly payments of the whole, from the nabob's dewan 
 IS but the total of the monthly payment of each Zemindar ; which muft be ftndlly kept up, 
 and if deficient, the Company muft trace what particular province. Rajah, or Zemindar, has 
 fallen fhort in his monthly payments ; or if it is ncccftary to extend the power further, let the 
 annual poonah, by which we mean the time when every landholder makes his agreement for 
 the enfuing year, be made with the confent of the dewan or Company. This we conceive to 
 be the whole office of the Dev/anny. The adminiftration of juftice, the appointment to offices 
 or Zemindarries, in fhort, whatever comes under the denomination of civil adminiftration, we 
 underftand is to remain in the hands of the nabob or his minifters. 
 
 15. The refident at the Durbar being conftantiy on the fpot, cannot be long a ftr.<nger to 
 any abufes in the government, and is always armed with power to remedy them ; it will be 
 his duty to ftand between the adminiftration and the encroachments always to be apprehended 
 from the agents of the Company's fervants, which muft firft be known to him ; and we rely 
 on his fidelity to the Company to check all fuch encr»achinents, and to prevent the oppreffion 
 of the natives. — We gave you our fentiments on the office of refident in our letter of the 24th 
 December laft, which were what we thought fuitable to the office as it then ftood ; but now 
 that is become of fo much more importance we {hall leave the regulating of it to you, and defireyou 
 will be very explicit on the fubjed ; and {hall only here fling out fome few thoughts upon it. 
 
 16. We would have his cotrefpondcnce to be carried on with the fclect Committee through 
 the channel of the prefident ; he {hould keep a Diary of all his tranfadtions ; his corrcfpondence 
 with the natives muft be publickly condudted ; copies of all his letters fent and. received be 
 tranfmitted monthly to the ptefidency, with duplicates and triplicates, to be tranfmitted home 
 in our general packet by every {hip. 
 
 Letttr from the Court of Direffors to Lord Clive, 
 My Lord, 
 I. We have received your Lord{hip's letter of the 30th September laft, which, with the letter 
 from the feledt Committee, and their proceedings, have given us a clear view of the ftate in 
 
 which
 
 A P P E N D J[ X, No. 74, 
 
 \yhich your lordfliip found our affairs on your arrival, and the Hate in which they were at the 
 time of the faid advices. 
 
 X. When we confider the penetration with which your lordfliip at once defccrncd our true 
 intcreft in every branch, the rapidity with which you rcltored peace, order, and tranquillit)-, 
 and the unbiafled integrity that has governed all your adioos, wg muft congratulate your lord- 
 ihip on being the happy inftrument of fuch extenfivc bleflings to thofe count'rics ; and you have 
 I our fincereft thanks for the great and important advantages thereby obtained for the Company. 
 I 3. We have the ftrongcft fenfe of the depiofabic ilatc to which our affairs were on the 
 r point of being reduced, from the corruption and rapacity of our fervants, and the univerfat de- 
 j pravity of manners throughout the fcttlement ; we agree entirely with your lordfhip, that the 
 '■ train our affairs were then in would in a very few months have brought us to a molt danger- 
 ous ficuation. 
 
 4. The war in which we fo impoliticly engaged againft Suja Dowla, was carrying on at fuch 
 an immenfe lofs to the Company, as would in a fhort fpacc have funk a great part of our ca- 
 pital, and the funds that ought to have been dcftined to the fupport of that war were perxertcd 
 to the baneful purpofe of corrupting our fervants : nor was this the only fatal confequence of 
 this war, ruin to the Company might have (prung even from our fucccfs ; for cither the king, 
 unable to maintain himfelf, would have been drove back on the Rciigal provinces; or, if he 
 had been fuccef?ful thro' our afHflance, the venality or ambition of our fervants might have urged 
 them on to have marched our forces witn him to Delhi : Your Lordfhip and the feleil Com- 
 noittee have happily relieved us from thefe apprchenfions, and put a period to the war, ar\d all 
 fuchwild projects, by reltorlng Suja Dowla to his dominions. 
 
 5. Your Lordfhip julHy obfcrves our danger from within was yet greater than thst from 
 tvithout. — The general relaxion of all difcipline and obedience, of both military and civil, was 
 haftily tending to a dilfolution of all government, the quick progrefs of private fortunes was big 
 with very alarming confequencfes, which kve do not dwell on, as you have expreffed yourfflf fo 
 fully fenfiblc of them ; we hold the means by which they were obtained in every fenfe unlawful. 
 
 6. Our letter to the fclect Committee exprefles our fentiments of what have been obtained 
 
 • bv way of donations -, and to that we mufVadd, that wc think the vaft fortunes acquired in the 
 inland trade have been obtained by a fcene of the molt tyrannic and opprellive comluft that 
 ever was known in any age or country ; we have been uniform in our fentiments and orders 
 
 • on this fubie£t, from the hrfl knowledge we had of it ; and your lordfhip v/iil not therefore 
 wonder that after the fatal experience we haJ of the violent abufes committed in this trade that 
 wc could not be brought to approve it even in the limited and regulat'd manner with which it 
 comes to us in the plan laid down in the Committee's proceedings ; we agree in opinion with 
 your lordfhip on the propriety of holding out fuch advantages to otir chief fervants, civil and 
 military, as may opeu to them the means of honourably acquiring a competency in our 
 fervicc ; but the difhculty of the fubjcdt, and the fhort time we have at prefent to confider of 
 
 ' it, have obliged us to defer giving our fentiments ar.d directions thereupon until the next uif- 
 ' patch. 
 
 7. For the fame reafons your lordlTiip will obferve, by our letter to the felect Committee, 
 
 • that we are under the neceflity of poltpoiiing the conhderation of the prefent intended for genc- 
 « Yal Carnac by the King ; btii by the next difpatch your lordlhip may lie afllired wc fhali have 
 ; due regard therein to your lordfhip's rrcommend.itions, and his particular merit. 
 
 8. As the inland tr<i.ie hris been aholiflicd, principally with a view to the encouragement of 
 the natives, we hope your lordlhip will funl the nM:ans to prevent its becoming a iXJonopoly in 
 any hands, but more particularly in the hands o\ any powerful nitive, from whom the poor 
 mi^ht fuffer thofe very inconveniences, lor the prevention ot which we have forbid our fcrvant'i 
 
 '' to trade in it, and have lelinquifhed thofe advantages that we ourfeivcs might make bv fuch a 
 Monopoly. 
 
 9. We have bad too much occaflon to lemaik the tyr,vnnie and opprcflive conduit of all J!u- 
 ropean agents who have got awav from under the eve of the prefidency ; and wc wilh your 
 lordlhip would make it an object of your confideration, how to confine the laid Europeans a; 
 much as pofliblc to the prefidency, .ind to thofe luhordinaics where the largenefs of the inveil- 
 ment may require it to be condu<Eted by covenanted fervants, preferably to gomaftahs. 
 
 10. VVe have not at prefent time to enter into the thorough examination of what your lord- 
 fliip propofes, relpcCting the eftablifhiiiij of rank and pieccdtnce hctvvcf 11 our civil and iniliiarv 
 fervants. In our letter of the 24th of Ijccember, we dttermiiied, that the prefiJciit and coun- 
 cil might delegate their authority to any civil fcrvant tiiey pleafed'; and ev. ry military ofTieei, 
 be his rank v/hat it might, fhould pay the fame obedience to the orders of fuch civil fcrvant, 
 as to thofe of the prelidcnt ami council. — It is not meant however that fuch civil fervant is to 
 controul the military ofivrci in the execution ot miliury operations, which is his proper de- 
 partment. 
 
 d II. Wc
 
 APPENDIX, No. 7^. 
 
 II. We have the moft perfedl fenfe of your Lordfliip's difintereftednefs in every part of your 
 condu£t, and we fhall not fail to reprefent this to the proprietors, and fhall at the fame tinae 
 inform them of the many great advantages your Lordfhip has obtained for the Company ; but 
 we fear, my Lord, paft experience will teach them as it does us, that the permanency of thofe 
 advantages will depend much on your Lordfhip's continuing in India, till you havefeen the regula- 
 tions firmly eftablifhed for the conducing thefe important affairs ; Another year's experience and 
 peaceable enjoyment of our acquifitions, might fix them on a bafis that would give hopes they 
 may be as lading as they are great ; and there is no doubt, my Lord, but the general voice of 
 the proprietors, indeed we may fay, of every man who wiflies well to his country, will be .to 
 join in our requeft, that your Lordfhip will continue another year in India : We arc very fen- 
 fible of the facrifice we a(k your Lordfhip to make, in defiring your continuance another year 
 in Beny;a], after the great fcrvice you have renderd the Company, and the difficulties you have 
 palled tluough in accomplifhing them, under circumftaces, in which your own example has been 
 the principal means of retraining the general rapacioufnefs and corruption, which had brought 
 our aiFairs fo near the brink of ruin : Thefe fervices, my Lord, Jeferve more than verbal ac- 
 knowlegments ; and we have no doubt that the proprietors will concur with us in opinion, that 
 lome folid and permanent retribution, adequate to your great merits, (hould crown your Lor4- 
 lliip's labours and fuecefs. We are. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 Your Lordfhip's 
 London, 17th M|y 1766. loving friends, 
 
 Charles Chambers Geo. Dudley, 
 
 .1. Pardoe, Thos Rous, 
 
 Jo' Du Pre, John Stephenson, 
 
 Thos Saunders, Cha. Cutts, 
 
 George Cuming, Hen/ Savage, 
 
 John Harrison, Christo Baron, 
 
 J. Purling, FredIc Pigou, 
 
 John Roberts, F. W. Barringtck, 
 
 Peter du Cane, Junior, EDwd Wheler, 
 George Wombwell, Luke Scrafton, 
 
 Rob. Jones, E.H. Cruttenden. 
 
 No. 75. 
 
 Berkley Square, 14th January 1768. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 I conceived that my anfwer to your fecretary's letter of the ift inftant might have induced you 
 to rcflc(ft, that if there were any materials in my pofTeffion, which did nor appear in the public 
 proceedings of my government, they were unneceflary, if not improper, for public communi- 
 cation ; but 1 £nd that my Ittier, inftead of having fuch effect, has almoft produced a re- 
 quifition of fome papers, which you have been informed, have been in my hands, containing proofs 
 of Mr. Vanlittart's having received feven Lacks of Rupees for making the Mongheer treaty ; 
 as you have thought proper, thus to prefs this matter, I will not decline to acknowlege that I 
 am pofTefTed of f(>me informations upon that fubject ; I muft at the fame time acquaint you, 
 that 1 tranfmitted from Ben;i;nl to Mr. Dudley, your chairman, my reafons for not entering 
 into every public enquiry direc-led in your letters by the Camden, and I now inclofe a copy of 
 fuch part of my advices to him, for your obCervatioa. 1 have to add, that upon my arrival in 
 England I communicated to your chairman, Mr. Rous, the informations now alluded to : 
 After fuch proceeding on my part, I might have hoped, that if at any time thefe private 
 materials became necefTary to the Court of DireiSlors, on grounds of public utility, the 
 application for them would have been in a private requeft from the chairman, with whom 
 I have ever been moft ready to co-operate, and whofc reprefentation of a j-eal necefEty of 
 producing the particulars would have had weight with me. I will hope, that upon due 
 confideration of what I have now laid before you, no farther expofition will be thought nc« 
 ceflary tor me. 
 
 I have the honour to be. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 To the honourable the Court of Diredors your moft obedient and 
 
 for atF.iirs ot the honourable united moft humble fervant. 
 
 Company of merchants of Englandtrad- Ci,xvE. 
 
 ing to the Eaft Indies. 
 
 Extrad
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. ^6, 77, 78. 
 
 Inclofure in JJo 75. 
 E>itaa of a Letur frerrt Lord Clive to George Dudley, Efquhe, dated Calcutta, Stff Sep- 
 tember 1766. 
 After haying explained myfdf fo fully upon this fubjea, give me leave to cxpoftulate with 
 you as chairman, in that friendly manner, and on that intimate footing, which 1 would alviays 
 wifti to be with the prefent Court of Directors. After a genera! coitrt of proprietors h.id repofcd 
 fo much confidence in me, and that confidence was fo ftrongly confirmed bv a letter which 
 1 received from the Court of Dircflors, where was the neccflity of pointing out to me fo 
 many very difagrecable and odious enquiries ? Could not the directors have poftponcd their 
 fentiments until they had feen in what manner I had conduced myfelf ? Could a Court of 
 Directors, for whom I had (o high an efteem, imagine that I would leave ought undone, 
 or unenquired into, that would tend to their honour, or the advantage of the^ Company ? 
 Certainly I would not; my ov/n reputation was too much at ftalte to admit a thou'^ht to 
 4he contrary. 
 
 You may be affured it gives me pain to be .reduced to the neceflity of declining obedince to any 
 of your orders ; but retrofpedtion into a£tions, which have been buried in oblivioii for fo many 
 years; which, if enquired into, may produce dil'coveries which cannot bear the light ; v/hich 
 can be of no advantage to the Company, but may bring difgrace upon the nation, and at tl}e 
 fame time blail the reputation of great and good families, who will fuifer for the Iniquity of in- 
 dividuals ; wantonly to occafion fo much uncafinefs is what I cannot reconcile to thofe principles 
 of humanity by which I ha»'e always been actuated ; 'neither do 1 think ii found policy to en- 
 quire into the proceedings of that conimittte which placed Coflim Ally uppa the Mufnud : The 
 bad a<ftions of lervants frequently refledl diflionour upon their malters ; the prefent flourifiiinfr 
 condition ot our Eail India Company cannot but occafion much national jealouly ; and pro- 
 ceedings of fuch a nature, made public, might occafion a parliamentary enquiry, and that 
 enquiry might extend to the India Houfe itfelf : upon refledlion, 1 am perfuaded the Directors 
 will approve of my conduct in difcouraging this examination, in the manner pointed out in 
 their general letter ot Lord Camden. 
 
 With regard to the other enquiries, where the Cqtnpapy's intcrcft and honour are more im- 
 mediately concerned, they {hall be fully inveftigated. 
 
 No. ^6, 
 
 Gentlemen, Pefinas, 20th April, 1768. 
 
 I Have received another letter from your fecretary, demanding, a fecond time, fome papers 
 relative to Mr. Vanfittart's conduct in Bengal. Although 1 ftill perfevere in thinking you 
 have no manner of right to require the papers from me, yet as Mr. Vanfittart himfelf feerns de- 
 firouj, by his letter to me copy of which he informs me he has inclofed to you) that thofe 
 j)apers.fhould be font, I have given my attornics infinidtions accordingly to deliver them into 
 your hands, to be ufed as to you in your difcretion fhall feem meet, it he ftill perfilb in the 
 fame way of thinking. I have the honour to be, 
 
 gentlemen, 
 
 ' your moft obedient humble fervant. 
 To the Court of Dire£lors. C l i v e. 
 
 No. 77. 
 
 Paris, 19th June 1768. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 IN conformity with Mr. Vanfittart's rcqueft, dated the 13th inftant, and received by the ]-a,ft 
 poft, I tranfmit to you the Depofitions of Bollachidafs and Sheik Heydayat Alia, with rcf- 
 pedt to that gentleman. 
 
 I have \he honour to be, with rcfpedt. 
 Gentlemen, 
 To the hounourable the Court of Directors Your moft obedient, 
 
 for the aft'airs of the united company And moft humble fervant, 
 
 of merchants of England trading to the John VVAtsH, 
 
 Eaft Indies. 
 
 No. 78. 
 
 Sheik Hcdayet Alia dcpofeth, 
 
 TH A T in the year 1762, in the month of December, when Mr. Henry Vanfittart, ac- 
 companied by feveral other gentlemen, waited on the Nabob Coffim Ally Cawn, at 
 Monghyr, he then ailed in the office of treafurer under his excellency ; and that, in purfuanc 
 of the Nabob's commands, he iflued the fum of two lacks, at four or five dili'ercat payments
 
 APPENDIX, No. 79, 80. 
 
 for Mr. Van Sittart; and that two ladies who were in company with the Governor went into 
 the Zenana, and received Jewels. 
 
 This, being a faithful tranflation from the Perfian original, is attefted this 
 J 8th day of January, by me, 
 
 W. H. C OXE, fworn tranflator. 
 The Mark -|- of Sheilt Hedayet Alia. 
 Sworn to before ne, 
 
 H. V E R E L S T. 
 
 No. 75^. 
 
 The Dffc/ititn of BoUackidafs, Selucar, er Banitr, 
 
 IN the year 1762, in the month of December, Mr. Henry Vanfittart arrived at Monghyr, 
 and had an interview with the Nabob Coflim Ally Cawn : I was employed in necociatino- 
 bills for the faid Nabob one or two days before the departure of Mr. Vanfittart for Azimebad > 
 his excellency retiring with me into a private apartment, fignified to me his plealure that I 
 Ihould tranfmitthe fum of five lacks of rupees to Mr. Henry Vanfittart in Calcutta ; in confe- 
 quence of thefe his excellency's inftruftions, I wrote an order to GurdharreloU, my Gomaftah 
 in the factory of Hughly, to pay the aforefaid amount into the hands ot Mr. Vanfittart j. after- 
 wards, on the return of this gentleman to Calcutta, the Gomaftah cau fed the money aforefaid 
 to be delivered to him, and gave me information thereof, which I made report of to his excel- 
 lency the Nabob. — The ftrid truth of this tranfacSion I have faithfully related. Written this 
 6th day of Shawban (January) in the ei^ihth year of his Majefty's aufpicious reign. 
 
 The above, being a faithful tranilation from the Perfian original, is aUefted 
 this i8th day of January 1767, by me, 
 
 W. H. CoxE, fworn tranflator% 
 The hand Writing of Bollackido.''s. 
 
 Calcutta, the 19th of January 1767. 
 fworn before me, 
 
 H. V E R E L$T. 
 
 No. 8o« 
 
 London, 15th September, 1768. 
 To the Honaurablt the Court ofDire^ors of the Eaji India Company. 
 Honourable Sirs, 
 
 IH A V E received from your fecretary the copies of two papers delivered to the Court by 
 Lord Clive ; one being a declaration of Boolalcydafs ; fctting forth, that a day or two be- 
 fore I tock leave of Meer Coilim, at Monghcer, he received orders to pay me five lacks of 
 Rupees ; the other, an information of Sheik Hedayet CoUa, importing, that he by the fame 
 order, paid me two lacks of Rupees ; and that the ladies who were with me vifited the Nabob's 
 ladies, and received a prefent of Jewels. 
 
 Nobody is bttter acquamted with the cuftoms- of that country than Lord Clive, who has 
 brought thefe informations before the Court, f appeal to his own candour, whether, upon vi- 
 iits of this fort, prefents are not cuitoniary, and in a manner indifpenfable. 
 
 Hut i do not mean to recriminate upon his lordfhip ; much lefs upon any ladies who had 
 the honour of being in his company upon fuch occafions. 1 (hall content myfelf with defen- 
 dinj my own character ; and fnali expofe to you very fairly the principles upon whicli I acted 
 at all times in your fervice. 
 
 From the earlielt date of the Company's fettlcments, prefents from the people of the country 
 made a part of the beneht ot your governments ; and this advantage increafed in proportion to 
 the extent of your connexions, until, by a frefh covenant, in the year 1765, you thought fit 
 to put a (top to It. 
 
 In fuch circumitances, T hope fome praife is due to thofe fervants who made the moft mode- 
 rate ufc of the opportunities their fituation prefented to them ; who preferred always the Com- 
 pany's interefl to their private emolument ; who never directly or indiredtly fought for 
 prelents ; but, on the contrary, refufed all fuch as could in any manner atFeft or retard 
 payments due to the Company, or lay the perfon offering it under any diftrefs or In- 
 convenience. 
 
 Let Lord Clive fay if any inhabitant of Bengal has a complaint to make againft me upon this 
 head, or indct-a upon any other: As to Boolakydafs and Sheilc Hedayet Colla, whole names 
 appear to the informations laid before you by his lordfhip, it will be feea that the former com- 
 plains only of the authority by which ha was forced to give that information ; and as to the 
 
 latter.
 
 APPENDIX No. 80. 
 
 fatter, I do not even recoiled his name; nor did I, to my knowledge, ever tranfaft any bnli. 
 jjcfs with him. 
 
 All Mcer Cofiim's payments were made, either by Boolakydafs, Coja Petru^ or the Roy 
 Royan, or in afTignments payable to the Chiefs of Patna and Cofllmbiizdr. 
 
 In thefc different ways 1 received all that was due to the Company ; I received likcwife fevc- 
 ral fums upon account of Lord Clivc, andothrr gcntlcm?n, for thc'icmaining part of aprcfcnt, 
 ftipulati'd in the year 1757, and upon various other accounts; but I do not remember that 
 Sheik Hedayet Alia was employed upon any of thefe occafions — Soon after Boolakydafs had 
 given to Lord Clive the writing which he has hfd before the Court, he wrote me a letter to 
 acquaint me, that in compliance with lus lordftiip's commands he had fjgned a paper, of which 
 he fcnt me a ropy. 
 
 Herewith I have tranfmitted the ori^nal letter, and a tranflation ; and can only lament, 
 that, at a ti'nc when the degrees of cenfure and of praife were meafurcd upon the fcalc of 
 his lordfhip's good pleafure, it was my misfortune to have him take fo determined a part 
 againft me. 
 
 But fuppofing for a moment that the information* were true to their full extent • which 
 however, 1 do not admit ; what do they import ? that tlic chief of tlie country having fulfilled 
 all his engage. nents with the Company, paid off tne Arrears of his predcceilors troops, and 
 brought his tinsnces into good order, made prefents of money and jewels to his friends in the 
 culloinary manner. 
 
 But it feems bv your Jerter to lord Clive, of the 6fh January laff, that his Icrdfhip had rj- 
 prefirted the prefents alluded to in the informations in quiftio'n, as a conliJciation given bv 
 Meet Cofiim for the treaty of Mongheer. If the regulations contained in that treaty- had been 
 alki-d or prop)fed by Meet Cc(fini, or had conveyed any benefit or advantage to his Governmes"-, 
 there might have been fome fliew of realoii for his lorJlhip's unfriendly coiiftrudion ; but when 
 it is feen that the objc-iit of tho!? re>ulati"ns v/as to give ihe Englith traders a decided riijht to 
 partake in the inland trade upon the mo(V moderate terms, a duty of 9 per cei.t. upon a"trade 
 which the Company havefincc rated at 40 per cent, and that meet Coflini conK-nted only, as he 
 d.-clares in many letter^ for the fake of prcferving good harmony with the Englifh; when both 
 the parties concerned in the treaty regarded it as an acquifiiion to the Lnglifh traders, and a 
 conctlfion on the p:irt of thcNabub: in fuch a cufe, i'.>t whatfhould he give a confileration i' 
 fliall he who gives up his preteiifions, give money likev/ife to induce the other party to accept 
 his refignation ? fuch a fuppofition is (o contrary to icafon, that the attempt to propagate it could 
 proceed only from the mod ungcntrous delign to prejudice me in your opinion ; biK,. I flatter 
 myfelf, without effect ; for you are fo far from regarding the articles propofed at iVlongheer, 
 as a regulation in favour of the Nabob, that you call it " A treaty exacted by force to 
 " obtain a fan^flion for a trade to enrich ourfelvts." The Nabob could be little inclined f.> 
 give pielenti for luch a confidcration, it might rather have induced him to 0;nit th.- ufuul 
 livilitics. 
 
 I have never endeavoured, gentlemen, to make you or t!ie VVorld believe that I paffcd 
 through the g.vcrnment of ikiigal without receiving prefents, at a time when there was no- 
 Ijw againii it, and fo many great examples for it ; but this 1 have faid, aivd with- the (iricltiflr 
 tiuth, that 1 never rcceiveil one that could prejudice the Company, ordiHrefsthc louutr*-, 
 or put b.ick, t-ven for a day, any public or private pa) inents depen<liiig for oilier?. Wluncvtr 
 any tt.inii of th's fort inlerfrrcd, a^id in (hoit, whenever the lealt objei'hon lould aril'c, 1 cnn- 
 Hantly refufcH all prcfcnis ; and retukd them abloluteiy and without re("i vation. — It is well- 
 known ihar upon tin-; principle 1 rijei'trd all Meer Codim's Offer> of prefents in the tirll p.^rt 
 ijf his govcrninent. You have an iiiltanceot this in the confult-ttions Irom Beii'.U, the 
 January, 1761 -, which, though the fuin in queliion was not very larg<-, mav fhll trve to 
 ihcw that i h.id 2 certain rule of con du<it in wnich I perfevered invariililv. i mii^ht orhi-nvite 
 have been tempted by the offer which Mecr Jaffier preffcd on me, by means of Nundcooni.u 
 and Juggutchund, jufV before I kft Bengal. 
 
 They told me that Meet Jaffier inlilled on my receiving a prcf-nr of five lack-; for the charn-- 
 es of my voyage. I was not then rcHraincd by any orders or coven ints, but the it. ite of the 
 Nabob's circumlHnces was fufficient in my opinion to forbid it \ and accordingly my anfwer 
 was, that being (riifibie of the many engagements he had to fulfil, 1 would by no means add 
 to his diftrefs. — This fact is mentioned by Juggutchund in his examination, which is before the 
 Court, and partly alfj b}' Nobkifl'en, who, as be knew fuch an offer was made me, niuft al- 
 fo have known the refult, although he chufes to be as thort as polTible upon it. 
 
 Here, gentlcm.en, I fliall leave the matter to your candid and impartul confideration, per- 
 fiaded that the more you examine my conduift, the more you will be convinced that the 
 Jove of money was never my ruling paffion. if it had, my opportunities were many, and [ 
 could have gratified it to as great an extent as any of my prcdeceflbrs ; I fpcak this without 
 
 e 'riyy
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 8i, 82. 
 
 envy or refentment ; but I really think his lordfliip might have fpared his reproaches upoa 
 this fcore. 
 
 I am with refpe£t. 
 
 Honourable Sirs, 
 
 Your moft obedient humble fervant, 
 
 Henry Van Sittart. 
 
 N^. 81. 
 
 Lttter from Boolaiydofs to Mr. Vanftttart, dated the loth of Shaivbaun, in the 2th Year of the Reign. 
 
 YOU are well acquainted with my fituation. Lately Lord Clive fcnt for me, and faid, the 
 nabob Coffim Aly Cawn gave Mr Vanfittart five lacks of rupees through your hands, 
 is it not true ? I anfwered, it is true. But in that amount was a bill for the expences of Mr. 
 Ellis the chief <>^ Patna, and there was likewife included the price of the jewels depolited by the 
 Nabob J.iifier Aly Cawn. This was the ftate of the matter. — Lord Clive then faid, write, and 
 
 give me a declaration under your hand, of five lacks of Rupees. Being without remedy, 
 
 I wrote it conformably to his order, and gave it him ; and I have fent you herewith an exadt 
 copy of it for your perufal. — As you are my only friend and prote<Stor, I thought fit to acquaint 
 you with the matter. 
 
 No. 82. 
 
 Copy of a Letter from Lord Clive to Thomas Rous, Efquire, dated at Madrafsy the lyth April 1765. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 WE arrived at this place the loth inftant, and {hall proceed to Bencral next Saturday. The 
 Prince of Wales kept us company the greateft part of the way to Ceylon, and is by 
 this time, I hope at her deftincd port, all well. I muft now enter with you into the politics of 
 India. The particulars of our late fuccefs, and now very flourilliing condition of the Compa- 
 ny's Affairs in Indcftan, you will have been informed at large, betore this reaches you. I fhall 
 therefore only trouble you with my fcntiments, in confequence of thofe fuccefies, and truft to 
 vour CO operating with me in carrying into execution, and in ettabliihing upon the mod folid 
 iiafis, fuch parts of my plan as appear capable of anfwering what we have Doth fo difintereftedly 
 at heart, the Company's honour and profperity. 
 
 We have at laft arrived at that critical period, which I have long forefeen ; I mean that pe- 
 riod which renders it nereflary for us to determine, whether, we can or Ihall take the whole to 
 ourfelves. JafRer Ally Kan is dead, and his natural Ion is a minor ; but I know not whether 
 he is yet declared fuccefibr. Sujah Dowla is beat from his dommion ; we are in poilefllon of it, 
 and it is fcarcely hyperbole to fay, to-morrow the whole Mogul Empire is m our power. 
 'I'he inhabitants of the country we know by long experience have no attachment to any obliga- 
 tion ; their fjrccs are neither difciplined, coamianded, nor paid, asouisare. Can it then be 
 doubted that a large army of Europeans will efFeclually preferve us fovereignj, not only holding 
 in awe the attempts of any country prince, but by rendering us fo truly formidable, that no 
 French, Dutch, or other enemy will prefumc to moieit us. — You will I am fure imagine with 
 me, that after the length we have run, the princes of Indoftan muit conclude our news to be 
 boundlefs ; they hive fecn fuch inftances of our ambition, that they cannot luppofe us capable 
 of nii»»leration. The very Nabobs whom we might fupport, would be either covetous of our 
 pofleffions, or jealous of our power. Ambition, fear, avarice, would be d.iiiy watching to de- 
 llroy us, a vidiory would be but a temporary relief to us, for the dethroning of the fini Na- 
 bob would be toUowcd by the fetting up another, who, from the fame principles, would, 
 when his treafure admitted of his keeping up an army, purfue the very path of his predcceffor. 
 We muft indeed become Nabobs ourfelves in faft, if not in name, perhaps totally fo without 
 difcruife ; but on this lubject I c innot be certain until my arrival in Bengal. — Let us, and with- 
 out delay, complete our three European regiments to 1000 men each ; I'uch an army, together 
 with 500 Light Cavalry, three or four companies of Artillery, and the forces of the country, 
 will certainly render us mvincible. In fhort, if riches and fecurity are the objecls of the Com- 
 pany, this is the method, the only method, now for fecuring them. — Our troops you will hear 
 are at this time above half way to Delhi, a march I highly difapprove of : I mean abfolutely 
 to bound our poffeflions and conquefts to Bengal. Never fhall the going to Delhi be a plan 
 adopted by me, if poflible to be avoided ; and you may depend upon my putting a flop to it ; 
 nor fhould I even have thought of going fuch length, if others had not rendered it necelTary. 
 I could have wifhed that our operations had been carried on upon a plan of more moderation, and 
 that we had not been obliged to maintain any other military force, than what might be fuilici- 
 ent to preferve and purfue our commerical advantages j but fmce our views are extended, and 
 
 fince
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 83. 
 
 fince commerce alone is not the whole of the Company's fupport, we moft go forward ; to 
 retra<a is impofTible. One word more : Increafe our army to the eltabliniment above m'eii- 
 tioned ; 20,000 fmall arms, with gunpowder fufficient, and remember that the Light Cavalry 
 are moft neceflary. The eftablifhment for Madrafs is fufficient, no addition is wanted there • 
 but Bengal requires your attention. Give me leave now to lead you for a few moments into the 
 civil department. See what an Augean ftable is to becleanfcd. The confufion we behold ; 
 what does it arife from ? Rapacity and luxury ; the unwarrantable defirc of many to acquire 
 in an inftant, what only a tew can or ought to poflcfs. Every man would be rich, without 
 the merits of long ferviccs ; and from this inceflant competition undoubtedly fprings that dif- 
 order, to which we muft apply a remedy or be undone ; for it is not only malignant but con- 
 tagious. The new covenants (though I do not entirely approve of their prefent fliape) will 
 make a beginning. Many of the civil fervants will probably refign their employments, the 
 Court of Dirc<flors muft fupply the fettlemcnt with young men, more moderate or lefs ea^er in 
 their purfuit of wealth ; and we may perhaps be reduced to the ncctflity of drawing fome fenior 
 
 fervants from the other fettlements, It muft be your care, and I truft you will do all in your 
 
 power, to fend out proper gentlemen : Affairs feem to be coming to fuch a pafs, that in a little 
 time there will be hardly any perfon at the council board, above the rank or age of a writer. In 
 ihort, the evils, civil and military, arc enormous, but they fhall be rooted out. VVhatcier 
 odium may be thrown upon me, by the malice or difapointment of individuals, I am refolvcj 
 to acl for the advantage of the Company in every refpe£t. I have not time here to inform you 
 of my whole plan of reformation, but the motives upon which I have founded it beino- no 
 other than the public good, you may fafely extrt yourfelf in its fupport, if it fhould ftand in 
 need of your alliftance, which I hardly think it can, even though faction Ihould be ftill raging. 
 I propofe no advantage to myfelf 1 am determined to return to England without havin;; ac- 
 quired one farthing addition to my fortune — Surely then I cannot polfibly defign any thin y' but 
 public good. 
 
 Our affairs are now in fuch a fituation as to require the conduct of them fhould be manao^d 
 with the utmoft fecrccy, and confequently the knowledge of thcni confided to few. — I mentio/i 
 this bocaufe I find that your fecret Committee is abolilhed, and I wifh to hear very foon that it 
 is re-citabliflicd. 
 
 As I have written to Mr. Walfh upon this fubjed, and thought proper to ufe the fame pre- 
 caution I have to you, I muft beg you to funifh him with the key, and likewile with a copy of 
 this letter. 
 
 I am. Dear Sir 
 Your obliged Friend, 
 
 and humble fervant. 
 
 
 (Signed) Clive. 
 Madrafs, 17 April 1765. 
 
 Copy. 
 
 Dear Walfh. 
 Memorandum: Thofe Parts in Cypher, 
 are diftinguiflud thus " " 
 
 I Have dcfircil Mr. Rous to furnifh you with a copy of my letter to him of this day's date, 
 likcwife with the cypher, that you maybe enabled to underltand what f^jllows : " The 
 " contents are of great imi)ortance, that I would not have them traiifpire. Whatever money 
 '« I have in the public funds, or any where ell'e, and as much as can be borrowed in my 
 " name, I dtfire may be without lofs of a minute invefted in Eaft India ftock. You will 
 *' fpeak to my attornies on this point. Let them know I am anxious to have my money (o 
 " difpofed of; and prefi them to haftcn the affair as much as poffiblc." — If a lucetffor to Mr. 
 Palk is not abfolutely fixed upon, I beg you will exert your whole influence with Mr. Rous 
 in favour of Mr. Call. I can affure you he appears to me by far the moft proper perfon in 
 this fettlemcnt to lucceed to the government; in him both the civil and military qualities arc 
 united ; and I need not add, that in the recommendation of him I am biaffed by nothing but 
 the good of the Conipan)'. 
 
 I am. 
 
 Dear Walfh, 
 
 Your affectionate Friend, 
 
 ClIVE. 
 
 No. 84.
 
 . A P P E N D I X, No. 84. 
 No. 84. 
 
 Fort William, the 7th May, 1765. 
 At a Selcd Committee ; 
 PRESENT, 
 The Right Honourable Robert Lord Clive, Frefident, 
 
 William Brightwcll Sumner, Ef^uire, 
 Francis Sykcs, Efquire. 
 
 HAVING, in a council held the 5th infiant, read and duly conftdered the paragraphs of 
 the honourable Company's general letter, under date the ift June 1764, whereby the 
 right honourable Lord Clivc, William Brightwcll bumncr, tlquire. Brigadier General John 
 Carnac, Harry Verelft, and Francis Sylces, efquires, are appointed to conftitute a fcledl Com- 
 mittee, in order to reftore peace and tranquillity to the Company's affairs in B'.ngal : We do 
 now by virtue ot thefe powers alTcmble ourfclves, in the manner enjoined by our inftru£tions,, 
 as the only means which occurs to us, in the prefent fttuation of affan's, for obtaining the faiu- 
 lary end propoled. 
 
 Rcfv;IvcJ, that the following oath be taken by the fcveral members of the McA Com- 
 mittee : 
 
 " I A. B. do fwear, that I will not reveal to any p=rfon. whatever, any of the proceedinn;s 
 *' of this Committee, until the (ame be laid before the council, or until this Committee be diV- 
 " folved." 
 
 Agrcrd, That Mr. Alexander Campbell be appointed Secretary, Mr. Edward Barber Sub- 
 fccretary, and Mr. William Rooke, alliltant, to the Committee ; and that the following oath 
 of fecrecy be adminiftered to them : 
 
 " I A. B. do fwear, to be true and faithful to the truft repofed in me by the fcleiEt Com- 
 " mittee, and to reveal to no perfon whatever the proceedings of that department, until the 
 " fame are laid before the council." 
 
 The right honourable the prefident having delivered a letter, containing a full declaration 
 of hii lordlhip's own intentions, and his fenfe of the particular duty of the ScIeiSt Committee ; 
 
 Ordered, that the fame be here entered. 
 
 The Right honourable the FrefidenCs Letter ti Committee, 
 Gentlemen, 
 Little did I imagine, when I refigned this government five years ago, that I fFiould evet 
 enter upon it again ; nor are you ignorant that my prtfent circumflanccs and lituaiion of life 
 render fuch an appomtment on my part by no means aji object either o-f neccfTity or choice; 
 but the late diftratted flate of affairs in thcfe parts having alar:Ticd the propiietors of (lock, their 
 mutual interclfs neceffarily b< came the lerious confider;ition, not only of the Court of Direc- 
 tors, but alfo of feveral general Courts ; and at one of the molt numerous of thofe, it was pro- 
 pofed, that I fhould be defired to relume the government of Bengal; a motion which was 
 warmly feconded, and approved of by every member prefent : thus folicited by the unanimous 
 voice of the proprietors, thus flattered with the opinion they had conceived of my abilities to 
 fettle their affairs upon a folid plan, my zeal for the f--rvjcc rook place of every private con- 
 fideration ; aiid 1 accepted the appointment upon fuch conditions as I judged expedient for the 
 public good. 
 
 The lucccfs of the forces I had the honour to commmd in the year 1767, completed a re- 
 volution in favour of Mcer Jjffier ; an event on which the exigence of ihe Ea'.t India Company 
 ?t that time ablolutely depended, and which afforded the faired profpc(5t of future tranquillity to 
 this country: The treaty concluded with him was produiSlive of larrre adviiitages to the na- 
 tion, as well as to individuals, and fecnicd to iiifure to the company the bcnelits of commerce 
 in a much wider extent than they had heretofore enjoyed. 
 
 My fucceflors. Icon after my departure, thought proper toraife CoiTim Aly Cawn to the Su- 
 bahlhip ; doubtlefs, becaufe he thought fuch a Itep nccefTiry ; the confequences however, from 
 whatever caufe, were unfortunate; but let us draw a veil over thofe dillant tranfaftions ; 
 let us confider only the prefent fiate of the politics and commerce ; and let our whole attention 
 be employed in eftablifliing the Company's afl'airs upon a firm and lading foundation : nor do I 
 in the lealt defpair of feeing this import mt bufinefs accomplifhed, Imce 1 have the peculiar hap- 
 pinefs of finding myfelf afTiffcd by a committe of known abilities and incorruptible integrity. 
 if at any time we fhould happen to differ in opinion, we fliall. differ like gentlemen, with 
 temper and cool reafoning. The minutes of our ronfultations will not, I trull, be prolonged 
 by diifciition, nor difgiaced with the prcju<lice of fadtion ; we will endeavour to be unanimous. 
 A very few days are elapfed fince our arrival ; and yet, if we confiJer what has already come 
 to our knowledge, we cannot hefitate a moment upon the noceffity of alluiiiing the po>ver that 
 ii III us or conducting, as a Select Committee, the affairs both civil and military of this fettlc- 
 
 ment :
 
 APPENDIX, No. 84. 
 
 menl : what do we hear of, what do we fee, but anarchy, confufion, anJ what ib woiu-, an 
 ahnofl general corruption. To remedy, or at Icall to prevent, theic cvib in future, is a duty 
 incumbent upon thi^ Cooiinittee, Wiiich we owe to that Company we have engage.] to ferve, 
 and a duty which we owe to ourfclvej, if the pleas of honour, reputation, and confcience, are 
 worthy your attention. Happy, I ;im iurc you would have been, as well as myfi-lf, hud the 
 late conduift of affairs been fo irrcproachaole, as to have permitted them ftill to continue in thi 
 hands of the Governor and Council ; a v^ry tra/.fient view, however, of what has paffeJ fuice 
 Meer JafEer's dtath will convince uj, that the grcut point cf reformation we aim at cannot be 
 attained through that channel. — The ConKnittee tiicrefore, in my opinion, muft immediately 
 act : ;i meafure fo iiL-cefiary, that I cont lude you can iuve no objeflion to it. For my own part, 
 1 will venture to alTcrt, that the critical fituition of the Company renJc:rs it abfolutely mdil- 
 penfible, for the fpe^dy llttling of their aftairs, tl.at the power fliould be vcfted in the hands of 
 a few; and give me leave fuiitier to add, tliat, , ui^lcfs the fpirit of their orders in that reflect 
 be purfued, it is but loo evident, that the general fciiG^ofthe Proprietors, when tb.ey honoured 
 me with their folicitation to acci.pt of this governm.'n;^ vill be bal!l,d and delajcd, if not to- 
 lallv eluded, by the:r fervants. 
 
 To efiablifh a country government, to fecure the commercial intetefl, and to perpetuate the 
 rcveiiues of the Company ; to form the military and to amend the civil departments ; thefe will 
 be the objeiSti of our fcrious attention. By this Committee I fhall hope to fee thefe important 
 niatters coitipleatly regulated, before I rcfi^n the government ; and you know that my intention 
 is to remain in it no longer than my afliitance may be thought necefTary towards accomplifhing 
 thefe great and falurary purpafes. 
 
 I fhall now only repeat what you iiave often heard me declare, That I totally difcjairn anv 
 emolument to mylelf; I will not add to my fortune one fingle rupee, by the opportunities [ 
 might have as Governor ; on the other hand, be afTurtd that every advantage to others, con- 
 liftent with my idea of the Company's honour and intereft, {hall be promoted to ;he utmoft of 
 iny power here, and of my influence at home. 
 
 To this letter from the Right Honourable the Prefident, Meffrs. Sumner and Sykes a-^reed 
 to deliver in an anfwer at the next meeting of the Committee. 
 
 After duly Confidering the Honourable Company's infttuJUons, in their general letter of th'' 
 llt of lune 1764, relative to the covenants ; it is the opinion of the Committee they ou 'ht im" 
 iiicdiately to be executed in the form prefcribed, by fuch members of the Council, and otlic'' 
 fervants of the Company, as have not already figned this obligation. 
 
 Agreed, Th^t the abllr;ids of fuch proceedings of the Sele£t Committee, as may be deemed 
 ot material confequence, be tranfmitted to Brigadier General Carnac ; and that the above oath^ 
 adminillered to the members of the Committee- now prefent, be alio tendered to him by tht- 
 Company's fenior fcrvant on the fpot. — Alfo, That we acquaint him of our having; formed cur- 
 Telvcs into a Seltdl Committee, agreeably to the Company's inUructions, and inquire that ht 
 correfpond with us accordingly. ■ 
 
 Agreed, That an office, with every necefTary fol- the Secretary's department, be i.iimediately 
 proviued. 
 
 ■' Agreed alfo, That Mr. Verelft be advifcd cf the meeting of the Seledl Committee, .ind his 
 immediate attendance required. 
 
 Having read a letter from General Carnac, under date the 21ft of April, the Select Committee 
 rcfche to write him an anfwer; the fame to be entered after the proceedings. 
 
 Clive, 
 
 \'.'. H. Sumner. 
 
 ',.th May, 1765. 1' K.'\.\<.is hvsLts". 
 
 To Brigadier General John Carnac, Commander in Chief of the Army. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Agree-ably to the in(lru£lions of the Honourable Company, fpecifted in fe^rril }>aragraphs rtf 
 their general letter, we have this day alTumed the power's of a Select Committee, witli v/hich we 
 are vcfted ; and as a conliant intercourfe with you, as a member of this Committee, will be 
 expedient to the public fcrvice, we expeft you will favour us with a tommunicatiort of every 
 occurrence that may relate more immediately to this department. 
 
 Copies of the paragiaphs refcried to, .iiid of the oath adminiftered to the mcml'crs of the 
 Committee now prefent, will be tranfmitted to you ; and it is our defire that you receive rhe 
 oath from the Company's fcrvant on the fpot, in ord»r that our corrcfpond-.-nce mar be without, 
 xeferve. 
 
 Your letter of the 21ft of April, addrelTed to the Prcfidcnt and Council, is come to our 
 hands; but, as wc have not yet found leifurc to obtain fufF.ci-.nt information refpcding the 
 
 f pyiii;s
 
 APPENDIX, No. 84, 
 
 points you mention, we fubmit the necelTdry meafures to be purfued to your own difcretion, fenJ 
 fible that your 2eal for t'le public intereft, and the honour of the Seled Committe, will enable 
 \ou to give entire ,fatisfa£lion to, 
 
 Sir, 
 Fort William, the 7th May, 1765. Your moft humble Servants, 
 
 Fort William, 11 May, 1765. 
 At a Selrdt Committee ; 
 PRESENT, 
 The right honourable Lord Clivc, prcfulenf, 
 W. B. Sumner, Efq; 
 Francis Sylccs, Efq ; 
 JvCsJ, iipprovcd, ai'.d Hgncd the proceedings of the 7th inftant. 
 
 The Selecl Committee, obferving, with regret, the contempt flicwn for the pofitive and le- 
 ■pcated orders of the governor and council recalling free merchants refiding up the country, 
 
 Rrfolve, that the former orders on that head be now enforced j and letters difpatched to the 
 chiefs of the feveril Subordinates, requiring them, at the expiration of one month after notice 
 given, to convey in fafety to Calcutta all who refufc to comply with a msafure fo falutary to the 
 Company, and necefiary to the peace and good order of the country. 
 
 Being informed alfo that a great number of Europeans, Stragglers from fhips, and others, 
 who have no claim from indentures to any fhare of the Company's countenance or protetlion, 
 are variouflv emplo)ed up the country, and difperfed all over the nabob's dominions, to the 
 great prejudice of the Company, and moleltarion of the nabob ; 
 Rclolved, they be immediately fecured, and brought to Calcutta. 
 
 The Committee finding fome difficulty in procuring an exadt account of the names of fuch 
 Europeans; 
 
 Agreed, that the chiefs of the fubordinate faiSories be made acquainted with the refolutions 
 of the Committee, and required to tranfmit, without delay, the mod accurate lifts in their 
 power of all Europeans not immediately in the Company's fervicc, who refide in or about their 
 refpediive diltricts. 
 
 The fecretary reprefentlng that another afTiftant will occafionally be wanted for the difpatch 
 of bufinefb ; 
 
 Agreed, that Mr. William Wynne be employed asta monthly writer, after taking the oath of 
 ftcrecy. 
 
 Meflieurs Sumner and Sykes delivered in their anfwer to the prefidcnt's letter, entered in the 
 proceedings of the 7th Inftant. 
 Ordered, It be entered. 
 
 Agreed, we acquaint General Carnac of the feveral detachments on their way to Patna, either 
 to join him, or to form an army of obfervation, as circumftances miy require; and that wc 
 dcfire he will not fuffer the public difpatches to be retarded by private letters. 
 Ordered, the fame be entered after the proceedings. 
 
 Clive. 
 
 ^V. B. Sumner. 
 
 Fras Svkes. 
 
 Iith May, 1765. 
 To tVic right honourable Robert Lord Clive, prefidcnt of the Seie£t Committee. 
 My Lord, 
 Tlie lituatiori of the Company's affairs, which have been dcfcribed, and the meafures propofed 
 by your Lordfhip for retrieving them, are perfectly agreeable to our fentiments : VVe are 
 leniible of the ilifliculty of eitablifliing order and tranquillity, where anarchy and confufion 
 iiave fo long prevailed ; but the experience we have of your Loidfhips great abilities, the 
 ifcadinefs with which we have feen you encounter danger and difficulty, and the regard we are 
 fenfible you have for your own honour, and the intcrelt of the Company, encourage us to 
 iiope tor the nioft fortunate ifl'ue to the proceedings of the Sele<S Committee, The fenti- 
 ments which your Lordfhip is pleafcd to entertain of our attachment to you, and to the in- 
 t-^reft of our employers arc jiift ; we will, my Lord, exprefs ourfelves with freedom on every 
 fubjett that icgards the public ; but wc can never be wanting in temper and decency, 
 where wc entertain fo much refped. We are urged, my Lord, by the moft powerful motives 
 to that unanimity which you recommend, The prefent unhappy fituation of the Company's 
 aflairs arlfcs more from the difTentions, than the incapacity, of thofe gentlemen into whofe 
 bands your Lordfhip refigned the government ; it will be our ambition to approve ourfeJves 
 defening of the truft repofed in us by the Company, to afliit your Lordlhip with our 
 litmolt abilities, to fulfil the hopes conceived from your prudence and capacity, and to enable 
 you to return, ;'.s you ardently wifh, to your native country, with the fatisla£tion of having 
 baffled the malice of faction, rendered commcice flourifhing, and p^ace permaaentj and the 
 
 peculiar
 
 A P P E N D I X. No. 84. 
 
 peculiar honour of raifing the Company's affairs in Bengal a fccond time, from that defperate 
 ftate into which they were funk, through the luxury and corruption that prevailed amoiJ^ 
 their fervants 
 
 VVc have the honour to be, 
 my Lord, 
 
 your Lordfliip's 
 Fort William, mod obedient and 
 
 i!ie 8ch May 1765. moft humble fervants. 
 
 To Brigadier General John Carnac, Commander in Chief of the Army. 
 Sir, 
 
 Since we wrote to you on the 7th inftant, we arc advifed by private letters, that Nudjuf 
 Ca'.vn has furrendcred himfeif to the Marattoes ; which advices are confirmed in a letter dated 
 the ift iiiflanc, from the chief at Bcnaras : Wc wifli that intelligence of fuch confcqucnce 
 had been communicated by yourfcif, but we imagine your filence on this head may be owing to 
 vour p:irticiilar fituation, which will not admit of procuring any certain information. 
 
 It is the rcqueft of the Seled Committee, that lienccforvvard all advices of any confcquencc, 
 which come to your knowlcge, may be Tent alone, and not retarded wiih private letters ; fince 
 it has frequently happened, by this means, that matters of the laft importance have been known 
 by every inhabitant of Calcutta before they reached the board. 
 
 The detachment lately fent under Captain Muir, that under Major Champion, and thefe 
 troops, were under orders to march from Ghyratty, will form a body of fix hundred men,, 
 lank and file: With thefe different reinforcements we imagine you will be able to form :i 
 fecond army, which may be ftationed either at Patna, or on the Carumnalla, as you will 
 think expedient. 
 
 Our reafons for mentioning this, proceed from our apprehenfions, left a part of the enemy's 
 numerous army fhould invade the province of Bahar, which would reduce you to the neceflity, 
 either of retreating or detaching ; both of which we would, if poHible, avoid in our prefent 
 t ircumltances. 
 
 We hope you have formed fufficient magazines of provifions to enable you to keep Shujah 
 Dowla at bay, until ttic rains are well fet in ; fliould there be a deficiency of thefe, the con-. 
 Isquence is e^fily forcfeen ; for as to his making an imprefiion on fo formidable an armv as you 
 now command, we are under no apprchenlions. 
 
 The field officers, and others on duty, are under orders for marching up the country ; and 
 fhould a feparatc corps be judged neccflTary, Colonel Smith, and the field officers under him, 
 will of courfe have the command ; thereft will join you with all poffibie expedition However, 
 as we can entertain no doubt of your zeal for the f^rvice, we will leave it to your prudence and 
 difcretion to ai!f as circumftances may require, fince we at this diflance cannot poffibly b<; 
 judges of the exigence of afi'airs. 
 
 We are. 
 
 Fort William, Sir, 
 
 the nth .Vlay 1765. your .T.uft humble fervants. 
 
 lit Jutie, 17^5- 
 At a Select Committee ; 
 PRESENT, 
 The Right Honourable Lord Clive, Prefident., 
 ^V. B. Sumntr, 
 Harry Verelft, 
 Francis Sykes, Efquires-, 
 Read, approved, and figned, the proceedings of the 1 ith ultimo. J he oath 01 iecricy beij'<» 
 ndnuniffered to Mr. Verellt, that gentleman tojk his (eat at tlie Committee, agreeable to the 
 honourable Company's appointment. 
 
 His excellency the Nabob having, immediately on his arrival in Calcutta, and previous fo 
 any enquiries into his fituation, iklivcred a letter to the right honodiable tlie pielidcnt, ad- 
 dreflcd to his Lordfhip, and the gentlemen of the Committee; 
 
 Agreed, that a tranflation of the above letter be read, and the fame entered after the p.'o- 
 cecdings. 
 
 The fafts advanced in this letter, and other circumftances which have this day appeared before 
 them, being maturely weighed and confidcred, the Committee arc of opinion, mat Aiahomed 
 Kcza Cawn, fince the death of the late Nabob, has diftributetl among cer:ain perions near 
 twenty Lacks of Rupees ; 
 
 And that it is incumbent upon them to difcover to whom fach fuins liavc been p.iid, and 
 for what confideration, in order that the moft eiFe(fluaI meafures may be purfucd, to remedy 
 for the prefent, and to prevent for the future, any dangerous conf^:cjucnces which may ha.e 
 
 ariten^
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 84. 
 
 arifcn, or which may arife, not only to the country government, but liicewifc to the company, 
 from fach praftices. 
 
 Since our laft meeting, wc have received fix letters from General Carnac, dated the 2Sth 
 and 3cth of April, the 2d, 3d, 7th, and 14th ult. The firic acquainting us, that, inconfc. 
 nuencc of advice tnat Suja Dowla, with Caz Dyn Cawn, was on his way to Korah, to join 
 Muihar, who ib there with the Morattoes, he had eroded the Ganges; likewife, that Captain 
 Graham had had a i'mart fkirmifli ■with a difliifFcdled Zemyndar, wherein the latter, with a 
 ■confiderable number of his men, was killed ; and that we had fuftained a materia! lofs, in one 
 Tarbe^;, Leader of our few Perfian Horfe, who died of his wounds. The fecond informs u=, 
 that Sir Robert Fletcher had left under an arrcft, at Ilhhabad, Captains William Smyth and 
 M'Kcnzie, and Lieutenant Harpur ; arid indoles copies of the charges delivered in againft 
 them J further, that unlcfs the enemy fall b.ick, we inaj- expert foon to hear of a battle. The 
 third IS found to contain an accouutof Nudjuf Cawn's return, with 600 or yoo horie, and the 
 greatcft part of the two companies of Seapoys that went with him, together wi;h the General's 
 f.ntiments thereon. The fourth advifes us of his having routed the tnemy ; and the fifth of 
 his having removed the army to Jajaman, on the banks of the Ganges, on account of intelli- 
 gence r<;ceived, that Sujah Dowlah and the Morattoes had feparated ; that the latter were crof- 
 iin» the Jumna ; and that Sujah Dowlah was returning to Iriernuchabad, the Capital of A- 
 kinud (Chan's Bungufh) poileflions. The fixth contams a particular reply tO a letter addref- 
 fed to him, dated the 8th of April, and inclofes a letter from his majefty. 
 
 Received a Letter from Mr. Marriot, dated the ilt May, advifing, that Nudjuf Cawn had 
 futrendered to the morattoes, and that Sir Robert Fletcher had gained the banks of the Ganges; 
 alfo, that he had deterred his propofed journey to Illahabad, as Captain Dow expected that place 
 would in a few days be inverted by the enemy. 
 
 To the above-mentioned letter the fecreta.y was ordered to reply, requefting that Mr. Mar- 
 riott would in future tranfniit the earlieft advices in his power. 
 
 Received a letter from Fort St. George, dated the 20th, advifmg of their bemg obliged to 
 hnd 48 recruits from the Kent, in order to do duty at their garrifons, which have been drained 
 to pppofe the approacli of Nizun Aly, who had already entered the province of Dalmarchery. 
 
 Received a letter from Dacca, dated the 30th ult. acknowledging the receipt of our orders of 
 the i5th of May, for recalling European agents, and proniifing all due obedience thereto. 
 And 
 
 Another fiom Mr. Hueh \Vatt3, refident nt Midnapoor, to the fame effect. 
 
 Colonel Smith ibivJs in a letter, acquainting us that he is prevented from fetting out for Pat- 
 na as foon as he intended by an unfortunate accident (a very fevere fall from his horfe) which 
 obliges him to keep his chamber. 
 
 Received a letter from the chiefs and Council at Bcnaras, wherein they acknowledge to ha\e 
 received our fecretery's letter of the 12th inif. to Mr. Marriot ; and inform us, that, for two 
 day."; part, nu advices had been received from camp ; that Captain Ga!liez.had a flight fKirmifl); 
 and that his maJL-liy had matched from lUahabad, to receive the fubmiflions of feveral RouhiJlah 
 Chief?, who arc willing to acknowledge him. 
 
 The following letters were likewife difpatched by the Committee fince their iaft meeting. 
 
 On the 14th ult. wa wrote to General Carnac, acknowledging the receipt of his letters of 
 the iSth and 30th April, commending his diligence in efFetting a Junftion with Sir Robert 
 Fletcher, under fuch difficult circumftances ; and advifmg, that the le!ect Committee polfoncd 
 inv rcfolution in refpecf to Captain M'Pherfon's promotion till further enquiry, and fubmitted 
 Captain Smyth's conduit to the judgment of a court martial. 
 
 On the 15th ult. orders were difpatched to the fubordinates to recall all fre.' merchants. 
 
 On the i8th ult. a letter was difpatched to General Carnac, in anfwer to his of the 3d ; con- 
 gratulating him on his fucccfs over the enemy, and adviling him of the Itrong reinforcements on 
 their way to join him. 
 
 On the 24th ult. orders were ilTued for Colonel Smyth to take the command of th; detach- 
 ments proceedinu^ to Patna, where he was to be governed by General Cjrnac's inftru(ftions. 
 
 Colonel Smyth having fcnt in a letter, acquamting the Committee, that he was indilpofed, 
 in confequence of a fall from his horfe, orders were ill'ued the 29th ult. to Sir Robert Barker 10 
 fucceed to the command of the detachments till Colonel Smith's recovery. 
 
 On the 30th ult. General Carnac's letters of the 2d and 14th were anfwered, the Afperity 
 of his ftile to the Board confiderd, and diredtions given to take no refolutions refpeiSting Nudjuf 
 Cawn, till Lord Clive's arrival in camp. 
 
 Clive, 
 
 VVm. B. Sumner, 
 H. Verelst, 
 Fran*. Sykes,
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 48. 
 
 Ttanjlatlcn of a LetUr fram hh Excell,iicy tht Nabob Kii'tim-o-Doulah to the Ri^ht IlonctirahU 
 
 Lord C/ive, Prefident, is'c. 
 Gentlemen of the felcdl Committee, 
 
 The Situation which I am now in will not permit mc to acquaint you with all tliecircum- 
 ftancfs which hai'c happened ; but I will make part thereui known to you, which is as fol- 
 lows : 
 
 My father, ivaving Calcutta, arrived at MoorOiedabad, where he continued in pcrfeift 
 iiealth for fame time ; after which he fell fi:k, iind finding his diforder incrtafing every day, 
 and groA'ins irrecoveiable, he delivered me a paper of advice, and on the 7th day of Shawbun, 
 he was plafid to deliver to me the Kclaut received from the king, and fcvcral other prcfcnts. 
 He recommended Mah Rajah Nuiidcomar to my notice ; and ordered him to fend for Mr. 
 Middleton, and the other Englifh gentlemen, Mahoiried Irrick Cawn, ^"c. friends, and all 
 the fervants belonging to the Nijamut (or Governmen:) and before them to fet Nabob Najim- 
 o-Dowlah Bahadre iji his place, and on the Nizamud ^'JulVnaud ; and to order the people in 
 general to give Kuzers of congratulation, and alfo to make them (Iriclly know that they mult 
 obey Nab.jb Najim-o-Dowlah in every rcfpect as they did him, and be always ready at his 
 command. According to the above orueis of my deccafcd father, the above named Mah Ra- 
 jah has fuliv perfoimed ; and I myfelf being willing and defirous to execute ihs bufinefs laid to 
 my truft. On the i4.th of the aforcfaid Montij my father departed this lite ; after the ufual 
 folemnization of his funeral, I have comforted and enlivened the people iji general, and began 
 to manage the affairs, and ordered a proclamation to be made thoughout the city, and Meflrs. 
 Middleton and Grey, and all the Nizamut fervants, came and prcfentcd Kuzers. 
 
 Through the will of God, all the bufinefs is carried on in the fame good manner as before. 
 
 Six days afterwards Mr. Middleton came and acquainted mc, that two of the counfellors 
 were coming up from Culcutta for my comfort. This deputation I certainly thought was 
 coming for my benefit and welfare: the day .McfTrs. Jonftonc and Lcycefter arrived at Co.Tnnbuzar, 
 I fent Mah Rajah Nundcomar Bah.idre to meet them. Mr. Johnltone was lomewhat difpleafcd 
 with the faid Mah Rajah before, about the Pergunnah Tumalook, therefore his meeting thcfe 
 gentlemen was not agreeable to Mr. Johnf^onc. — The next day the above gentlemen, ^'c. 
 came to me ; I was confident that thefc my friends and well wilhers would have done me the 
 compliments of condolence, and comfort me ; but they did not to me the lead thing of this 
 kind : inftead whereof, they began to incumber me with many troublefome things, and at the 
 fame time they fent out all the people which v.-cre prefcnt, together with my brcth-r Nabob Syfu J 
 Dowlali, and tlien they told me to fend for Mahomed Reza Cawn fro.m Dacca, and let hint 
 as Naib of the Nizamui. This troubled me much ; and they told me alfj, that till Meer Ma- 
 liomcd Reza Cawn arrived from Dacca, and till he was fet up as Naib of the Nizamut, I mufl: 
 not fit in the Dcwan Connah, and that I mufl live in the lame place where 1 was, and put -^ 
 flop to all public bufinefs. 
 
 The abovffiairrd Keza Cawn has had long ago evil intciuions on the Nizamut ; my fathjr, 
 therefore deemed him always as his cne.ny ; i>nd befidcs tliere is a large fum of money due from 
 him to the bircar. For thcfe reafons I thouglu proper not to acquiefce to any ot the above 
 propofals which were made to me. I to'.d them to ptrufe the paper of advice of my deceafcJ 
 father and fee how it dircdts, and which I fhall readily follow. In anfwer to this, they re- 
 plied, that your I zper of Ad vice was of no force or virtue ; and every thing muft be done 
 as wc think proper 
 
 In this iriai.ner they have ve.\cd nic, by fitting almofl cvsry day from the firft of their arrival 
 to their dcfarture. 
 
 They prcfcntcT ir.e with a paper, and requeued I would fign it. This paper was that vvhicli 
 they brought with them, and infifted (;n me to comply with their rcquelL I fen: for Mecr Ma- 
 homed Irrick Cawn, Mah Rajah Nu(idcom.»r Bahadre, &c. ; the Aril acquainted t!ic gentle- 
 men, that whattytr paper they wanted to be figncd, tht7 would have no difKcu'ty in it ; at the 
 fame time it was proper for all cf them to ptrufe it firft : Meflrs Johflonc and Lryceltcr being 
 much difplcafed at this, afkcd in a very angry manner, who they were that wanted to perulo 
 the paper ? after this Mounfliy Sutiolcr Oo Dy, who was near my prefencc, tc!d me to brin^ 
 the former treaty, und compare that with this, and then to fign it. 
 
 At this Mr, Johr.Uone turned out the Mounfhy ; and they told me, that in if cafe I did not fc: 
 lip Mahomed Rcza Cawn m his Naibfhip, and immediately fign the paper, 1 fhjuld have 
 no great chance of being in the pofle/Tion of the Subadarry, and then I (hould be extremely forty for 
 it. When I faw him pre/Ting me fo eagerly, and in an unfrici'.dly manner, I thought proper 
 to fign and deliver the paper to them, and tncy carried it away. 
 
 After this Mahomed Reza Cawn arrived, and fat as Naib. He, for the better fecuring his 
 Naibftiip, above tvveniy laaks of rupees (in money antj goods) out of my trcafury, has diftri- 
 buted .Tmong luch people as he thought proper, and this withoat my knowleg;-. Befidef, there 
 is a balance due from the abovcmentiontd Cawn of about 20 la;>ks of ruiues on account of 
 Dacca Sylht Rofsh.inabad, of which he docs not chafe to pay a fmglo coury. The above 
 faid Mahcff.'.d Reza Cawn i^iade Mr. Johnftone his protcaor, and Mr. Leyccaer his Vakeel,
 
 APPENDIX, No-. 84, 
 
 and made Rajah DuUubram his fellow partner, and took from the Mounfhees, Mochulca paper* 
 under their hands : he keeps my feal under hi3 own feal, and there is nothing to be done with my 
 will or order. TitLs, employments, kebuts, elephants, horfcs, and jewels, are granted and 
 tiillributcd to others ;is he pleafes. 
 
 Mah Rajah Nundcomar, my intimate well-wiflier, when he has occafion to afk any quef- 
 tion, they anfwer him in the Negative, and with this difplcafure, while this man continues in 
 the frrvice, they cannot impole upon me any extraordinary charges. They, for the fake of 
 their own prelum, luivc ceniurcd hini with an old accufatioii, which was long aero ftridtly ex- 
 amined by General Carnac, who acquitted him of it; and now they maliciouflv accufe him a« 
 gain ; and by this means they fent him down to Calcutta with a guani of feapoys. 
 
 There is a balance due to the Sircar, from the Selladars, of Fifteen Laaks of rupees, and now 
 new employments are granted to them, and the lands divided into ffveral divifions. 
 
 Calyfiia, Jagheer, &c. rents were duly coilscled all the time, while the abovenimed Mah 
 Rajah had the tiianagement. They have difpofed of the prefent year's rents and puynos as 
 they plcafcd. Wbea 1 intended going down to Calcutta, I was much diftrefled for money 
 K-r paying my fcrvaiits wages, and other current expences. 
 
 Mr. Johnftone's bad treatment to me after my father's death, and Mahomed Reza Cawn's 
 {Ration, are tome as if I was day and night in a flame; but the news that his lordfhlp was 
 comifig to this place has releived me of my Anxieties. At laii: God Almighty was pleafed to 
 li.iften ills lordihip's arrival at tliis place : this has put inio me fre(h life and vigour. Now 
 1 \>eg your lordftiip, &c. as my protedtor and fnicere friend, to put my affairs, which were 
 ruined by theie people, on a proper footing, as they were in my father's time. In doing this 
 I fliall think myfelf happy. 
 
 N. 13. The following lines are writen in the nabob's own hand. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 1 have wrote my fenliments in the above lines as brief as poffiblc, and beg you will hear 
 my t^etiiion. 
 
 Fort William, the 5th June J 765. 
 At a Selcdl Committee ; 
 P R E S E N T 
 The Right houourable Lord Clivc, Prefident, 
 W. B. Sumner, 
 Harry Verelil, 
 Francis Sykes, Efquires. 
 Read, approved, and figned the proceedings of the ill inftant. 
 
 Taking iiito confideration the many attempts which have been made to deftroy the unanimity 
 and corrupt the Integrity of the members of the Committee, both feperately and jointly, by the 
 nabob, through Nundcomar's influence, and other ill difpofed perfons who were admitted into 
 his prcfei-xe ; 
 
 Rcfolved, that all intercourfe with the nabob, his miniilers, and country powers, be main- 
 tained, and conducted by the right honourable th2 prefident, as the iiioil: e(Fe.5lual method to 
 convinc thofe iil difpofed perfons, that no motives of private advantag', no defiie of increafing 
 their fortunes, can ever feduce the members ot this board trom the duty they o.ve to themfelves, 
 the confidence they rcpofe in each other, or the fteady refolution they have formed to purfue 
 every method that tends to promote the Company's intereft, and the peace, profperity, and 
 ha"pinefs of the country. And the prefident obferving how necefl"ary ic will become, for the fe- 
 curuy of his own reputation, and the rights of the Committee, that all his tranfa»itions with 
 me nabob, &c- Should be confirmed with the (andtion of this board ; 
 
 Agreed, That his lord/hip be required to lay his correfpondence, from time to time, before 
 the Committee, and to communicate to them every meafure of impoi tance before it be carried 
 into execution. 
 
 Sevral papers, written in the Perfian language, being offered to the confideration of the Com- 
 mittee ; 
 
 Alerted, that Mr. George Van Sittart be employed (o tranflate them into Englifli, after 
 taking the following oath of fecrecy : 
 
 ** I. A. li. do iwear to be true and faithful to the trufl: repofed in me by the Seleft Com- 
 " mittee, and to reveal to no peifon whatever, fuch parts of the proceedings of that depait- 
 '• ment as (hall be communicated to me." 
 
 Received a letter, dated the 13th ult. from Mr. William f*laltby, requefling we will grant 
 him a further indulgence of timCj than that fpccified in the order for recalling free merchants. 
 
 Agreed, that four months be allowed him, from the 21ft inftant ; and that the fecretary 
 acquaint him with this our refolution. 
 
 Received a letter from the prefident and council at Bombay dated the 13th April, congra- 
 tulating us on our fucccfs agaiiift Sujah Dowiah, and rcquefting their detachment may be fent 
 back immediately. ■ 
 
 Agreed
 
 A P P E N D I X. No. 84. 
 
 Agreed, We wiite in anfwer, that our dent circumftanccs will not pofiibi/ admit of olt 
 complying wr.h their req -eft. 
 
 Received a letter from the chief and council at Bcnaras, dated the 25th ult. acquainting us 
 of the motions and difpofuion of the army. 
 
 Clive, 
 
 AV-'. Jj. SUMN'ER, 
 
 H. Verei-st, 
 Fran Sykes. 
 
 Fort William, 6th June, 1765. 
 At a Si'lefl Committee; 
 P R li S K N T, 
 The Right Honourable Lord Clive, Prefident, 
 \V. B. Sumner, 
 Harry Vert-lft, 
 Francis Sykes, Efquircs. 
 Read, approved, and figned the proceedings of yefterday. 
 
 in confequencf of a minute entered in our proceedings of the ift inftant, and fince laid be- 
 rorc the council, we Ifivc made the enquiries therein fpscified, and received tlie foilowin^- at- 
 leftcd accounts from Mahomed Rcza Cawn and Jusiffut Seat. 
 
 Agreed, the above mentioned accounts be entered after the proceedings of this dav. 
 Agreed likewife, that a council be called by the right honourable the prefident, in order to 
 liy before the board evidences of fo much confequcnce ; and that Mr, Johnilone's prefencc 
 le requefted. 
 
 The Seledt Committee think it necclTary to obferve that the following circum.Ilance might 
 h: aided, " V/h-'n the gentle.Ticn demanded an acknowlcjemcnC from me, 1 alked, Is not this 
 ' to be a g?neral affair, and are not the other gentlemen to have a fhare ? Sec. " To which thev 
 iplied, " No, this muft be for us : Let them look to themfelves." 
 
 Received a letter from General Carnac, dated the 21ft ultimo, advifing that he had entered 
 the province of agra, after fevcral fatiguing marches. 
 
 Received a letter from iflamabad, dated the 28th ultimo, and another from Patna of the /9th, 
 in nnfwerto our orders for recalling free merchants. 
 
 Colonel Smith fends in a k-tter, acquainting us of his recovery, and rcfolution to Rt out for 
 Patna as foon as he can be fuplied with boats. 
 
 Clive, 
 
 VVM. B. Su'M.N'ER, 
 
 H. Verelst, 
 Francis Svkes. 
 Narrn'ivf of Mahomed Reza Cawn. 
 The circumftanccs of the gentlemen of council's application for prefents from the N^bob 
 as hereafter fpecified, are as follows : Alter his excellency had been fcated on the Mufnud, 
 the general of council firft of all fcnt a meilaee by Mootyram, and afterwards thcuilelves faid to- 
 me, the gentlemen who have aflifted fornicr Nazims have obtained prefents ; now that we have 
 I'eatcd his excellency on the Mufnud, and rendered him fcrvice, we hope that he will mike pre- 
 fents to us alio : Do you rcpreient this to hiscxcellency : 1 anIwereJ, " Do you, gentlemen, 
 yourfclves mention it." At length, as they wereearnelt with me, and I perceived tliey would 
 be offended at my refufal, I reprefented it to his excellency in conformity to their defire : Hir. 
 excellencv faid to me, It mufl be done ; do you make out a lift, and bring it me : 1 replied, 
 *' Your excellency is the mafter ; yourfelf determine upon whatever may be your ple-iure."' 
 Accordingly an account of the prefents for the gentlemen was made our before the Nabob's 
 face, and given under his hand and Seal 10 .VIr. Johnftone, in the prefenre of 'all the'four 
 gentlemen ; after tt^ree or four days, Mr. Jonnftone carried this piper 10 tiie NaDoo, and 
 fatd, " if your exccll'rncy hns given this paper unwillingly, and contrary to yo-.n inclnialion, 
 " we do not want it :" His excellency anfwercd, " 1 have given it to you of my own plealurc 
 " ani inclination :" After this converfation had p. i/T.d, Mr. Johnitone faid, " vV'liat Ihall we 
 *' do with a bare paper i' Let orders be given to .Vlahomcd Rcza Cawn for the payment of the 
 " money ;" his excellency accordinglv commanded me to pay the money agreeable to the paper : 
 1 made fome days delay, and upon Mr, Johnllone and the other gentlemen making again a 
 demand upon me, I preftnied the following I'erd — Sevaul {a) to his excellency " wita 
 •' regard to giving the money for the gentlcmm's prefents j wlat('oe\ cr isyour excelle:;cy's 
 " pleafure ;" his excellency ti;^ned thereon, " let Mahomed Reza Cawn Baliudre pay it." 
 Accordingly, from the 20th of Shevaul, of the 1178 year of the Hegyra, to the loth [b) of 
 Zecadal inclufive, 875,000 Rupees were given to nine gentlemen, 250,000 by four bills upon 
 the Houfc of the .Sects, the date of the payment whereof will appear from tncir books ; and 
 the remaning 625,000, in ready money from the trcafury ; tne date of the payment of 
 which fiiall be particularly fpecihed upon the arrival of Jumma Kerch Pape.s from .Muof- 
 fiiadabad. A true tianllaiion. 
 
 6lh June 1765. George Va.^isittart, I'cifian trar.flitor. 
 
 {*) A PiptrO.' Enquiry, Petition, ci R-jircfentJtiin, [h) la April, 1765.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 84. 
 
 Account of Prefents from the Nabob. 
 
 Fort Wi: 
 R 
 
 lliam, tiie 
 eccived 
 
 100,CO0 
 
 50,000 
 50,000 
 50,000 
 
 6th June, 1765. 
 Due. i Total. 
 
 ICOjOOC 
 
 50,00c 
 50,000 
 50,000 
 
 237,50c 
 
 200,000 
 100,000 
 100,000 
 
 100,000 
 
 Mr. Spencer rfcrivcd, by a bill on the Sect's Houfe, dated 
 
 the 7* of Zccada of the 1 178 year of the Hegyra — 
 
 Mr. Playdcll rccdvej D^ D° " 
 
 Mr. Burdctt received D" D° 
 
 Mr. Gray received D" D° 
 
 Mr. Johnftone nccived by Mootyram, in ready money from 
 
 the Treafury, from the aof Shevaul of the'n7i}ih year 
 
 of the. Hegyra, to the loth of Zecadj, inclufive — 
 
 Mr. Middleton received, by Santyram Sing, his muttafud, in 
 
 readv money from the Treafury, D'' date 
 
 Mr. Senior received, by his man Moonfhy Rambullub, in 
 
 ready money from the Treafury, D^ date 
 
 Mr. Leycefter received D«* ' D^' D« — 
 
 Mr. Johnftone's younger brother received, by Mootyram, in 
 
 ready money from the Treafury, D" date 
 
 Mr. Cartitr, by means of Mr. Johnftone, a bond was given 
 
 to this purport, that rcprefentation fhould be made to the 
 
 Nabob, and the money caufed to be given 
 
 Total f875,coci 350,0001,225,000 
 A true tranflation, 
 George Van Sittart, Perfian Tranflator. 
 
 • 2?lli April, 176J. f 12 April to i May, ir.clufive. 
 
 Witb regard to the prefents which I made to the Gentlemen of Council, the {late of the 
 
 affairs is this : Mr. Johuftone fent me a mefTage by Mootyram, as follows : 'Whereas you have 
 been appointed his Excellency's Naib, it is proper that you make us fome prefent from yourfelf. 
 1 reprefcntcd my fltuation, that I would do what was in my power, but that I could not furnifh 
 any very great matter. In the end, the fum c( 475,000 rupees was agreed upon, of which I 
 have paid 225,000, and 250,000 remain due, according to the underwritten particulars. 
 
 Fort William, the 6th June, 1765. 
 Account of the Prefents from Mahomed Reza Cawn. 
 Mr. Johnftone received, by two bills on the Houfe of Mooty- 
 chund, at Burdwan, payable to Mootyram, dated the 
 
 13* of RumzauR of the 6 year 50,000 
 
 Received, by a bill on the Houfe of Juggut Seet, at 
 Hoogly, payable to Mootyram, dated the 14th 
 ofRumzaun ■ 
 
 50,000 
 
 Mr 
 
 Mr 
 
 Leycedcr received a bill on Tuggut Beet's Houfe at 
 Hoogly, payable to Mootyram, dated the 13th of Rum- 
 
 zaun of the 6th year 
 
 Senior received, in ready money, from the 19th of Zec- 
 
 rada of the 6th year to the 25th D' 
 
 Mr. Middleton 
 
 Mr. Johnftone's younger brother received, by a bill on Oody- 
 cbund's Houfe, at Hoogly, payable to Mootyram, dated 
 the 21 t of Rumzaun of the 6th year — — 
 
 Total for Mr. Johnftone and Co. — 
 
 Mr. Spencer. There was not any agreement made with him ; 
 but formerly, and now, I have given him prefents ac- 
 cording to the underwritten particulars; viz. 
 In the time of the late Nabob, when I came to Moorfhedabad 
 about the affairs of Dacca, I fent from Moorfhedabad 
 
 20,000 
 
 From Dacca — 20,000 
 
 After my appointment to the Neabut, I gave, by a 
 bill on Juggut Sect's Houfe, payable to Ramage 
 Paul, dated the x2th of Rumzaun — 50,000 
 
 Received. 
 
 100,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 CO.OOO 
 
 Due. 
 
 25,000 
 
 225,000 
 
 90,000 
 
 50,000 
 
 50,00c 
 
 50,000 
 100,000 
 
 250,000 
 
 Total. 
 
 150,00c 
 
 100,003 
 
 100,000 
 100,000 
 
 25,000 
 
 475,000 
 
 90,000 
 
 • 6 Mtrch, 1765^ 
 
 Total! 315,000 250,000 565,000 
 A true tranflation, 
 George Van Sittart, Perfian Tranflato^ 
 
 f 7 M>rch, 1765.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 84. 
 
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 APPENDIX, No. 84. 
 
 Narrative of Juggut Seet, 
 
 When Mr. Johnftone, and the other gentlemen of council, went to Moorfhedabad, and 
 applied thenifelves to the regulation of the whole fubadarry, they fent me the following mef- 
 fa-ze by Mootyram ; " Make us fonie acknowledgment, and we will fettle all your bufinefs ac- 
 cordin"^ to your hearts defire, otherwife we fliall be difpleaftd, and your bufineis meet with no 
 affiftance ; for you formerly made an acknowled;j,incnt to Lord Clive and othe; gentlemen." 
 I informed them that Lord Clive never faid a word on this fubjed, and that I did not give hirti 
 even a fingle dauni. They fent me a mclTage in anfwer as follows : " You may not be ac- 
 quainted with it, but your fathers made an acknowlegement ; give us five laaks of Rupees." 
 ] anfwercd, " Our fathers never did give Lord Clive a fmgle daum." They replied, " If you 
 would wifh to have your bufineis go freely on, make us fome acknowlegement." Being reme- 
 dilefs, I conlcntcd to give 125,000 Rupees, 50,000 immediately, and the reft when I could 
 '-olleiti in my debts from the country. The gentlemen agreed to this ; and accordingly I fenc 
 them 50,000 Rupees by my iVJuttafuddies and .Vlootyram : In fine, there were none of my 
 ocbts collected in when Mr. Johnrtone, i3'c. returned to Calcutta ; and I alfo came to Calcut- 
 ta to pay my rcfpedis to Lord Clive ; fo that thus the affair refted." Inquiry having been made 
 of me, I have written thcfe particulars, in which there is by no means a word of untruth. 
 
 ,,, . , ,,!■/-» uj- c \. A true tranflation. 
 
 Written the ,5th of Zeechidja of the ^ Vanfittart 
 
 6th ^ ear, 5th June, 17O5. Pefjian tranllator. 
 
 Fort William the 7th June, 1765. 
 At a fele£l Committee, 
 P RESENT, 
 The Right Honourable Lord Clive Prefidcnt. 
 W. Ii. Sumner,"^ 
 Harry Vereifl, >Efquires. 
 Francis S) kes, J 
 
 Read, approved, and figned, the proceedings of the 6th Inftant. 
 
 Upon advice being received that certain bills fpecified in Mahomed Reza Cawn's attefted 
 accounts, and thefe faid to be received, had been fmceotfered back to the (aid Mahomed Reza 
 Cawn by one BuiFunt Roy, employed for that purpofe by Mootyram the Phouzedar of 
 K(X)g!y, 
 
 The Committe judging fuch voluntary reftitution to be of a very extraordinary nature, and 
 fufpefting it was defigned to fcreen Mootyram from dete£lion, and cover tranfadions with 
 which it might highly concern the public to be acquainted, 
 
 Refolved, that the faid Bufi'unt Roy be feized, brought before the Committee, and fworn to 
 anfwer truly to fuch queflions as fliall be propofed to him. 
 
 Bud'unt Roy being fworn before the Committee, depofed as follows : 
 
 Q; Did vou go this day to Mahomed Reza Cawn, and offer him back the obligations which 
 he gave for the payment of money to feveral gentlemen ? 
 
 A. They are not obligations, but bills. 
 
 Q, Did you carry the bills to M. R. C. ? 
 
 A. I did. 
 
 (^ By whofe order did you carry thefe bills, 
 
 A. By Mootyiam's. 
 
 Q. At what time did you receive them from Mootyram ? 
 
 A. At eight this morning. 
 
 Q; At what hour did you carry them to M. R. Cawn ? 
 
 A. At eleven this day. 
 
 Q^ Where did you receive the bills from Mootyram ? 
 
 A. At his own houfe. 
 
 Q. What order did Mootyram give you when he delivered the bills ? 
 
 A. To carry thetn to M. R. C. and nothing more. 
 
 Q. Did you ever carry the bills before M. R. Cawn .' 
 
 A. No. 
 
 Q. What anfwer did M. R. Cawn make when you offered him the bills .' 
 
 A. He was angry, would not receive them, and afked why I brought them. 
 
 <.^ Did you know if thefe bilb were ever offered by any one elfe to Mahomed Reza Cawn i 
 
 A. I don't know. 
 
 Q. Do you know on what account thefe bills were granted to Mootyram ? 
 
 A. No I don't, having fince that time been received into his fervice. 
 
 Q; Did you return from M. R. Cawn's to Mootyram j and what did he fay to you ? 
 
 A. I 
 
 i
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 84. 
 
 A. I heard he was under a guard, and no one permitted to fpeak to him ; and I hive not 
 fecn him fmce. 
 
 The bills being produced, appear to be drawn for the following fums, and all in favour of 
 Mootyram. 
 
 No. I. A bill for A. R5. 25,000, drawn by Myaram Dyaram, at Moorihedabad, on Jugjeun 
 Dafs Gain Chund, at Hoogly, in favour ot MoJtyrum, dated the 19th che«t (March) payable 
 at ten days after fight. 
 
 No. II. For A. Rs. 50,000, dated the 3d cheit. 
 No. HI. For A. Rs. 50,001, dated the 4tli cheit. 
 
 Each drawn on Seet Manan Chund and Anan Chund at Moorfhcdabad, on Jugget Sect Fufter 
 Chund, and Seet Anan Chund at Hoogly, in favour of Mootyram, both payable at 10 days 
 fight. 
 
 No. IV. 7 Each for Sunat Rupees 25,000, dated the 30th cheit, drawn by Mutty Chund Joy 
 No. V. \ Chund at Moorftiethbad, on JerderJafs at Burdwan, in favour of Mootyram, pay- 
 able at TO days after fight. 
 Total per the above bills. Rupees Arcot and Sunat 175,001. Clive. 
 
 VV. B. Sumner, 
 Vereift. 
 Fra. Sykes. 
 
 Fort William the 8th June, 1765. 
 
 At a fclcdt Committee, 
 
 PRESENT, 
 
 The Right Honourable Lord Clive, Prefident, 
 
 W. B. Sumner,"^ 
 
 Harry Vereift, i Efquires. 
 
 Francis Sykes, J 
 
 Read, approved, and figned the proceedings of the 7th Inft, 
 
 It appearing from the evidences of Mahomed Reza Cawn and Jugget Seet, and alfo from the 
 dcpofition of BulTuiit Roy, that Mootyram Phouzedar of Hoogly, was deeply concerned in all 
 the pecuniary traiifaftions fpccified in thofe evidences, bills to great amount having been drawn 
 in his favo-ir : 
 
 The Committee refolve that he be fent for, fworn, and examined in their prefence, and alfo 
 that he bs confronted by Mahomed Reza Cawn and Jugget Seet, in older that it may appear 
 •with certainty whether the faid MoiJtyram was authorifcd to demand money of the Scets, or 
 whether he prefumed to proftitute the charadlers of the Gentlemen of the deputation, by mak- 
 in-f ufe of their names without the fan(Sion of their exprcls authority. 
 
 The depofition nf Mootyram Phouzedar, of Hoogly. 
 
 Q.. Did vou go to Jugget Seet to Demand money I 
 
 A. I did. 
 
 Q; Who fent you to Jugget feet ? 
 
 A. Mahomed Reza Cawn fent Ifmeal Ally Cawn with me to Juggut Sect. 
 
 Q. Who fent you to Mahomed Reza Cawn ? 
 
 A. Mr. Johnuo.ic. 
 
 Q^ What Mefi'ugtidid you carry from Mr. Johnftone to Mahomed Reza Cawn ? 
 
 A. I was ordered to defire him to afk the Sects for prcfcnts. 
 
 Q^ Did any of the other gentlemen join in this mcfl'age to Mahomed Reza Cawn f 
 
 A. I had my order from Mr. Johnftonc only. 
 
 Q^ Did Mr. John(fonc fend you in his own name, or in that of the deputut.on ' 
 
 A. He lent me in his own, and in the names of Mjffrs. Senior, Levccftor, ami MiddletcKi. 
 
 Q. What pafll-d when you went to Mahomed Reza Cawn j did you afn him far njoiicy from 
 the Seets ? 
 
 A. I did, I aflced him for three Laaks. 
 
 Q. What day did you go to M. R. Cawn ? 
 
 A. I cannot fay for certain, hut the affair was about twenty days in fettling. 
 
 Q. Can't you determine within a day C)r two of the time you firft mention ! 
 
 A. 1 cannot, but it was about the twenty firft of Rumzaun. 
 
 Q; What a-ifwer had you from Mahomed Reza Cawn when yoa defired he would make this 
 demand on the Sects ? 
 
 A. He firft faid, "very well, I'll try what I can do ;" but on my applicatior., he faid, " !t 
 •• was very improper to afk money of the Sects, — it will get me a bad nam:." 
 
 Q; Do you confcfs the contents of Juggut Sect's letter to be true 
 
 A. I do.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 84. 
 
 Q. What did you fay to Mahomed Reza Gawn about ftopping the bufinefs of the Siets, 
 iinltl's thev complied with the demand ? 
 
 A. I did tell hitn that the gentlemen wo uld protcft their bufinefs, if they would make a 
 prefent ; if not, tlie bufinefs of the Seets would meet with no protection or countenance. 
 
 Q_. You fay that Ifmeal Ally Cawn was fent wiiJi you to the Seets ; what paflcd there ? 
 
 A. When Ifmeal Ally Cawn demanded ihrte Laaks of Rupees for tJie gentlemen, Juggut 
 Sett anfwered, " If the gentlemen will be fatisfied with rings, jewels, and (uch prefents, from 
 ten to twenty-five thoufand rupees, I will comply." But on Ifmcal Ally (Jawn'i prefling him 
 farther, he agreed to give 50,000, whicKwas not accepted : And then Jtfg^ut :jeet faid, well, 
 i will fpcak to Mahomed Reza Cawn myfelf." 
 
 Q. Was you prefent at all this converiation ? 
 
 A. I was, but did not fpeak. 
 
 Q. Do you know how the affair was fettled ? 
 
 A. Yes, I heard that Juggut Seet afterwards confented togive 75,000 Rupees, then he rofe 
 to a laak, and at l.ift conlented to give 125,000. — Phis I heard from Mahomed Reza Cawn. 
 
 J'.iSgiit Si et being prefent. at this examination, was afked, "It he ever communicated the 
 ••' ccnvftlation between him and Mootyram, a- fet forth i.'i his letter r" He anfwered, " yes, 
 " to mv brother, to Brigauloul my Mounfliy, and to Chickimull my Vakeel." 
 
 Qj Did \ou demand the money of the Seets m your own name, or on the gentlemen's account ? 
 
 A. I dem.inded it on account of the gentlemen lurely, and thofe that fent me. 
 
 Q. When the money was fent by Juggut Seet to M. R. Cawn's houfe, did he forward it im- 
 mediately to Mr. Johnftone at Mootyjill in a Stackeree, and was Mr. Johnllone angry .' 
 
 A. He did forward it to Moot)jill in a Stackeree, with which Mr. Johnffone was angry, and 
 f«id, why was not the money given to Mootyram, or fent more privately. 
 
 Q. You are charged by Juggut Seet with having vifited him thrice, once when he was alone, 
 
 once in prefence of Ifmael Ally Cawn, and once when his brother was with him. Is this 
 
 true ? 
 
 A. It is true, I did vifit him thrice. 
 
 (^ Had you any converfation with him about the demand in any of thcfe viGts .' 
 
 A. 1 had I muflconfcfs. At the time I vifited Juggut Seet when he was alone, he told me 
 -he would agree to give 75,000 Rupees to the gentlemen, and defired I would reprefent to them 
 ' that his circumftances would not afford more, which I promifed to do. 
 
 Q. Did you go to Mahomed Reza Cawn and offer to return fome bills, defiring he would 
 tnke them until all things were fettled ; and he was part of the way on his retura from Cal- 
 cutta, frying, you would meet him at Hoogly, and there take their amount .'' 
 
 A. 1 did. I went by Mr. Johnlfone's order about 12 or 14 days ago, and tendered the bills 
 to Mahomed Reza Cawn, and defired he would t.ike them, r.nd told him that as foon as dif- 
 p'jtes were over, I would receive their amounts if he then conlented to pay ; but Mahomed 
 Jleaa Ca\*n lefufed taking the hills. 
 
 Q. What Number of bills, and to what amount did you offer back ? 
 
 A. Five bills drawn in my own favour, amounting to 175,001 Rupees. 
 
 Ci; What is become of thofe bills ? 
 
 Av I fent them yeflerday morning by Buffunt Roy to Mahomed Reza Cawn. 
 
 Q. On whofe account did you receive thofe bills ? 
 
 A. They were the amount of a prefent to be paid by Mahomed Reza Cawn to MisfTrs. 
 Johnffone and Leycefler, and to Mr. Johnftone's younger brother. 
 
 Q. Do you know how much for each of the gentlemen .' 
 
 A For Mr. Johnflone 105,001, RupL-es, for Mr. Leycefter 50,000, and for Mr. John- 
 ftone's brother 2C,cco Rupees. 
 
 Q. What money have the gentlemen received from the Nabob ? 
 
 A. Mahomed Reza Cawn had the management of that bufinefs. 
 
 Qj To what amount might have come throuch your hands of the Nabob's moHey ? 
 
 A. Mr. Johnflone firfl received through my hands from the Nabob 1 37,500 Rupees, and after- 
 wards a Laak more, making 237,500 Rupees, befides which, his brother received afterwards 
 50,000 Rupees of the Nabob, but what was paid to the other gentlemen I know not, their own 
 Mutfuddies tranfadting that bufinefs for them. 
 
 Q. Do you know whether thefe demands were the a6t of Mr. Johnflone fingly, or whether 
 they proceeded from the deputation jointly ? 
 
 A. I received my or<lers trom Mr Johnflone only. 
 
 T. Was it of your own accord, or was you ordered to tell Mahomed Reza Cawn, that if the 
 Sects complied with their demand, their bufinefs (hould be proteiSted, otherwife it would have no 
 countenance or encouragement ? 
 
 A. I was ordered by Mr. Jonhftone. 
 
 M. Is this evidence which you give true in every circumftance according to the bcil of your 
 Judgment ? 
 
 A, It
 
 APPENDIX, No. 84, 
 
 A. It is, arid I never wll retra£t it; but if there fliould appear any thinjr contrsdiflory 
 or unfatisfaaory at tirft, it was owing to the eonfuSon i was under when brought betore thiS 
 company. 
 
 Clive. 
 
 W. B. Sumner. 
 H. Vcrellt, 
 Fra. Sykes 
 
 Iith June 1765. At a Select Committee, 
 
 PRESENT, 
 
 The Right Honourable J,ord Clive, Prefident. 
 
 Harrv VereHL 7 .,^ . 
 L-.» !■ c I ? r. quires. 
 
 r rancis bykts, 5 
 
 Mr. Sumner indifpofed. 
 
 Read, approved, and figned, the Proceedings of the 8th Inftant. 
 
 Letters from General Carnac of the 26th and 27th ultimo, advifing that Sujah Dolwah, as 
 his laft rt-fourcc, had thrown himfclf upon our generofity, and was now adtually m c:'.mp, ready 
 to receive fuch terms of peace as we Ihall prcl'cribe ; and this appearing to rhe Committee a 
 favourable opportuniry for eftablifliing the tranquillity of the country on a permanent foundation, 
 by demanding no other conditions than fuch as fhall appear to be for the mutual inteieft: of the 
 tontraiSin^ parties, equitable in themfelves, and evidently calculated for the publick benefit; 
 
 Refolved, That the general's letters be acknowledged, his fentiments approved, and the fol- 
 lowing inftru(£lions fent to him for fettling prehminary articles with Suj^ih Dowlah, which he •» 
 not to conclude dehnitivcly until Lord Clive's arrival in camp. 
 
 Bulwant Sing to be i'ecured in the poflelfion of his country, NudjuiFCawn to be reftored to 
 the poirelTion of his former dominions, and all thofe who either joined or affiiied the Englifh ti> 
 be encouraged, the king's honour, fafety, and fubfiilence to be confulted ; Coifim Ally, Sum- 
 roo, and the deferters to be demanded or put to death by Sujah Dowla himielf ; but this laft: 
 article not to be confideied as ellentiai, though obtaining it would be agreeable, it being the 
 opinion of the Committee he fhould be engaged to our intereft by the ties of gratitude, and not 
 by compulfion. — To acquaint the general that full powers will be given to Lord Clive, in con- 
 junction with them, to fettle every thing as they /hail think proper and neceflary to the ftability 
 ■cf the intended peace, alfotodefire he will ufe his influence to prevail on the Vizier to fliorten 
 Lord Clive's journey, and meet his lordfliip at Benaras, or at Patna. 
 
 Received a letter from general Carnac, dated the 22d ultimo, advifing he had repulfed the 
 enemy, and was returning to Jajeman to meet Sujah Dowlah, who had defircd an interview. 
 
 Ordered, The general's letters minuted in the former part of thefe proceedings, and alfo the 
 Committee's anfwer, be entered. 
 
 Agreed, That the fecretary fend copies to Mcirrs. Senior and Middleton of the proceedings of 
 the I ft, 5th, 6th, and 8th inllant, requiring their immediate and explicit anlwers to fuch par- 
 ticulars in the above-mentioned papers as relate to them. 
 
 Received a letter from the chief and council at Dacca, dated the 8th, fetting forth the preju- 
 dice that muft ariie to the affairs of the gentlemen of the factory, fhould the order for recalling 
 free merchants be immediately enforced. 
 
 Agreed, that four months beyond the time limited in thofe orders, be allowed to their feverai 
 agents ; and that v/e v/rite them to this eft'ecl. 
 
 Clive. 
 
 H. Vereift, 
 
 Era. Sykes. 
 
 To the Right honourable Lord Clive, Prefident and governor, &c. Gentlemen of the Seledl 
 Committee. 
 
 My Lord, and Gentlemen, 
 
 1 have been honoured with your letters of the 7th, and I2th, and with one from the council 
 Onder date the 6th, inclofuig to me a copy of the paragraphs from the honourable Company's 
 la(b general letter relative to the Committee, but the copy of the oath which 1 am to take, is 
 not yet come to my hands. 
 
 I have the higlielt and moft grateful fenle of the confidence you are pleafed to rcpofc in mc, 
 and beg leave to allure your, it will be ever my earncftltudy and wilh, to adt in fuch manner, 
 as to merit your approbation. 
 
 1 advifed the board in a letter under date 28th ultimo, of NudjufF Cawn's having joined Su- 
 jah Dowlah. It mult frequently happen that particular news will reach Calcutta, prcvioufly 
 to the advice thereof from mc, as others write upon mere Hcarfay and Report, whereas I cannot 
 ■with propriety do fo but in confcquence of certain information, 
 
 1 Yo«
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 84. 
 
 You mav depend upon my pundlually obferving your directions, to fend my leffers alone, 
 iji cafe of any material advice; a rule which, to the beft of my recolledion, I have hitherto 
 conftantly obferved. 
 
 I arrived here yefterday, having left the army to follow in two divifions Ly eafy marches. 
 The tirrt divifion I expected in to-morrow. I acquainted the board the 22d (a Duplicate of 
 which adrefs will be difpatched by this conveyance), with the reafons of my being in fuch a 
 hurry to return, viz. on occafion of a letter from Sujah Dowlah ; the copy of the original, a 
 tranflation thereof, and the fubftance of my aniwer, your lordfliip, iic. will receive herewith. 
 If we can make a friend of Sujah Dowlah, which I really believe we may, provided we ule 
 with moderation our fuccefs, and do net urge him to defpair, I am firmly of opinion that he, 
 from the extreme regard in which he is held throughout the country, even in hi-, prefent diftrefe, 
 will prove a much better I'ecurity to our frontier than any one we can put in thefe dominions 
 in his room : i beg to be favoured as foon as poffible with your fentiments on his head, 
 
 I am, with the greatcll refpedt. 
 My Lord, and Gentlemen, 
 
 , your molt humble fervant 
 John Carnac. 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Clive, Prefident, and Governor, &c. Gentlemen of the Selett 
 Committee. 
 My Lord, and Gentlemen, 
 
 Hearing that Sujah Dowlah was drawing near, I fent Captain Swinton with Rajah Shitta- 
 broy to meet him. He arrived in the evening on the opohte fide of the river, and immediately 
 croil'ed it with his brother-in-law Salar Jung and a very tew followers, in order to wait upon me. 
 1 received him with all poffible marks of dillinflion, at which he exprelTed much fatisfaiStion. Hs 
 appears, however, a good deal deje£ted at his prefent cordition, which mull bear very hard up- 
 on him ; and he muit find himfeit without refource; or being, as he undoubtedly is, the moft 
 confiderable man in the empire, and of an uncommonly high Ipirit, he would not have fubmitted 
 to fuch a condefcenfion. It will, in my opinion, greatly add to the Engli/h name throughout 
 the country, our behaving with generofity towards a perion who has ail along bore a high re- 
 putation in Hindoltan. 
 
 I am, 
 Jajeman, with the greateft refpedt, 
 
 the 27th May, 1765, My Lord, and Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft obedient Servant. 
 John Carnac. 
 
 A tranflation of Sujah Dowlah's Letter to general Carnac, received the igth May, 1765. 
 
 It is known all over the world, that the illuftrious chiefs of the Englilh nation are conilant 
 and unchangeable in their friendlhip, which my heart is fully perfuaded of. The late dillur- 
 bances were contrary to my inclinatiojis ; but it was fo ordered by providence. I now fee 
 things in a proper light, and have a ftrong defire to come to you ; and 1 am p'.-rfuaded you 
 will treat me in a manner befitting your own honour. You have (hewn great favours to others; 
 when you become acquainted with me, you will fee with your own eyes, .ind be thoroughly 
 fenfible of my attachment, from which I will never depart while I have life. I am this day, 
 26th of the moon, arrived at Bilgram : pleafe God, in a very fcorc time I fiaall have the happi- 
 nefs of a meeting with you. As for other particulars I rtter you to Mouyr o Dowlah, and 
 Rajah Shittabroy, 
 
 Tf^th his ovjn hand. 
 My Friend, 
 
 I regard not wealth, nor the government of countries ; your favour and friendfnip is all I 
 defire. Pleafe God I will be with you very foon, when you will do for me what you tnink beft. 
 
 General Carnac's Anfwer, the a/j-th May, 1765. 
 
 I have been favoured with your Letter, in whicli were fome lines wrote with your own 
 hand, declaring your intentions of coming to me; that you was arrived at Bclgrim, and expedt 
 fuch a reception as becomes a brave man to give ; and that 1 will be f;rnfible oi the warmth 
 and fincerity of your friendfliip, after we become acquainted ; and that you do not look for coun- 
 try nor wealth, but the friendlhip of the Englifli nation; and that, pleafe God, you will be 
 very foon with me. 
 
 'l"he Receipt of this letter gave me great pleafure : You was before unacquainted with our 
 cuftoms and difpofitions ; thanks be to God that you are now become fenfible of the jufticc 
 and. upright intentions of the Englifli. Now that you are pleafed to come to me m a friendly 
 manner, you may depend on the beft reception in my power fuitable to our cuftoms; and I 
 will not be deficient in forwarding whatever is reafonable for your intereft; and when your ex- 
 cellency (hall (hew a real attachment to the iingli(h, their friendlhip towards you in return will 
 
 be
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 48. 
 
 be made manifeft to the whole World : You may with perfea confidence come here as to 
 your own houfe, and to thofe that wifh your welfare ; further particulars you will learn 
 from Mouyr-o-Dowlah, and Shittabroy. 
 
 A true copy. A. Swinton. 
 
 To Brigadier General John Carnac, Commander in chief of the Arm- 
 SIR, •'" 
 
 Your letters of the 26th and 27th ultimo afford us great picafure ; the intelligence they con- 
 vey is important, and the fcntiments you cxprcfs generous, and Cuch as we arc? determined to 
 adopt. We jrin with you in opinion, that every appearance of infult and violence to a per- 
 lon of Sujah Dowlah's character ought to be carefully avoided in the terms we demand. Amon^ 
 men of honour and fentiment, a peace can only be permamcnt where the advantages arc reci- 
 procal. 
 
 Lord Clive, who propofes to fet out for the army in four or five days, will be impowered 
 in conjunction with you, to fettle cTery thing in whatever manner (hall appear moft conducive 
 to the great ebjtiSt we have in view, — that of immediately rcftoring the publick tranquillitv, 
 and cftabli/hing peace on a lalting and folid foundation. The honourable rtccption you uropofe 
 giving the Vizier will put him into fuch good humour with the Engliih, that he probably 
 may be prevailed on to fhorten Lord Clive's journey, and meet his lordfhip at Benaras or even 
 at Patna. 
 
 In the mean time the fettling preliminary articles, and adjufting a plan of pacification with 
 him, will greatly facilitate matters ; but you mult come to no final determination until his 
 lordfhip's arrival. 
 
 The points we would chiefly recommend to your regard in flcetching thcfe preliminaries are 
 that Bulwant Sing be pardoned, and fecured in the polleflion of his country, on the fame terms 
 ;s when he was under the government at Sujah Dovvlah j that Nudjufi^ Cawn be alfo reliror- 
 td to the pofleflion of Korea, his country ; and that all others who havejc)ined, or afforded 
 affiftance to the Englifli, meet with equal favour and encouragement. The kind's honour 
 muft be confulted, and his fafety and fubfiftence Iccured whcre-ever he chuf:s to refide. Cof- 
 fim Ally and Sumroo we would be glad to have delivered into our hands, if Sujah Dowlah will 
 do it voluntarily, or elfe put to death byhimlelf; but if neither can be efFeited without dif- 
 gufting him, and thereby endangering the liability of the peace, it muft be left to his own ho- 
 nour. In fhort, we would rather bind them to us by the ties of gratitude, than by force and 
 compulfion. 
 
 In money affairs we muft appear generous and difinterefted ; and if you ftipulate for any 
 funis to be paid, they ought to be on account of the company, who have fome claim to an 
 indemnification, and whofe intcreft ought to be our principal object; In other particulars we 
 rely on your own difcretion and approved zeal for the good of the fervice, being, with great 
 elleem. 
 
 Fort William, S I R, 
 
 the loth June, 1765. Your moft obedient, 
 
 and humble Servants. 
 
 P. Sii We would further recommed, that you ftipulate with Sujah Dowlah for the cftablllh- 
 ment of factories, and an entire liberty of trade in every part of his dominions; but we 
 mean not to fupport this privilege by any military force, nor to introduce troops or 
 garrifuns into his country. 
 
 lift June, 1765. At a Selc£t Committee, 
 P R K S E N T, 
 The Right Honourable Lord Clive, Prefldent, 
 W. B. Sumner, 
 Harry Verclft, 
 Francis Sykcs, Efquires. 
 Read, approved, and figned, the proceedings of the 1 ith inft. 
 Having perufed a letter under date the 7th Inftant, addrefled to the fcleft Committ«e, from 
 General Carnac, wherein he intimates his intention of fpeedily concluding peace with Sujah 
 Dowlah, and differs in fomc material particulars from the fcntiments of the feicd Committee ; 
 Agreed, That wc immediately write to the g'.-neral, repeating our inftrudlions of the loth in- 
 ftant, to -rnter into no dctinitivc engagements before Lord Clive's arrival in camp : —And, 
 
 Ordered, That the general's letter, with the Committe's anfwcr, be entered after thefe pro- 
 ceedings. 
 
 The fevcral evidences, depolitions, and letters, relative to the application of money ifTucd 
 from the Nabob's treafury, fince the death of Mcer Jaffier, and of prefentsfrom Mahomed Kcza 
 Cawn and Juggut Sect, to MeflVs, Johnftonc, Senior, Middlccoji, and LeyccUer ; alfo the mi- 
 nutes
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 84. 
 
 nutes and letters of thofe gentlemen, as entered in tKe confultations of the boarJ, and in our 
 proceedings, being duly weighed and confidered ; 
 
 The Select Committe are unanimoufly of the following opinions ; 
 Thar Mr. Johnftone has actually received the feveral fums, in money and bills, fpccified for 
 his ule in the general accounts of Mahomed Reza Cawn and Juggut Sect. 
 
 That he a(^pears, from the evidences entered in our proceedings, agent and manager in ob- 
 taining and diftributing the prcl'cnts, but unacquainted, we would willingly fuppofc, with the 
 menaces ufed by Mootyram, in his name, to Rdahomed Reza Cawn and Juggut Sect, in order 
 to extort a fum of money from the latter for the ufe of the Deputation ; — and lalUy, That he is ' 
 goilty of ailual difobediencc to the Company's orders, in arraigning intiecenily, andrefufing" 
 polinvelv, to acknowledge the authority wherewith the Seleft Committee are inverted by the' 
 Honourable the Court of Diriciors, and by urging their ufurpcd powers in excufe for declining ' 
 any reply to chp.ri:;'-s that lu deeply afFedt his charaJ;'er. 
 
 .That Mr. Senior has leceived all the money fpecihcd for his ufe in the evidences already men- 
 tioned, and alfo the further fum of 50,000 rupees from Mahomed Reza Cawn on his own ac- 
 count; but that he neither authorifed the meffages delivered by Mootyram, nor was active in 
 obtaining or diltributing the ])refents. 
 
 That Mr. Middleton has rceived prcfents from the Nabob and Juggut Seet only, firmly be- 
 lieving them to be volunt.iry, and that he always intended to rctufe tlie prefent defigned him by 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn. 
 
 That Mr. Leyceiler has received the feveral fums affixed to his name in the above-mentioned 
 aocou^nts, but that he neither did nor intended to receive the bills lodged with Mootyram for his 
 life, nor was any way concerned m the menaces thrown out by that perfon to Mahomed Rez» 
 Cawn and Juggut Seet ; — all which is further confirmed by the oath which he voluntarily 
 took before the whole board. 
 
 That Melirs. Playdell, Burdett, and Gray, have each received 50,000 Rupees from the Na- 
 bob, in the full perfu&fion that the fame was a tree gift to tlie gentlemen who then compofcj 
 the board, vvithout any application on their parts, or confiJcration Oil the.Nibob's, for fervices 
 performed. ■ '• ' '■■■ 
 
 That iVlr, Cartier was utterlv ailranger to any demands made in his han*ie, and that he would 
 abfolutely have refufed a laak of rupees intended for him by the Nabob, as fpecffied m the above- 
 nrentioned general account of Mahomed Reza Cawn, had it heen ever tendered to him. 
 
 That upon the whole the gentlemen v/ho fat at the board, as well as ihofe who negcciated at 
 the Durbar, were guilty of actual dilobedience to the Company's pofitive Orders relative to the 
 covenant?, both in delaying to execute them, and in receiving prefents contrary to the exprefi 
 letter and fpirit of thofe obligations ; yet to avoid every appearance of exerting with rigour the 
 powers wherewith they are intrufted, or of being actuated by any other motives than thofe of 
 honour, and a firm attachment to the intereft of their employers ; 
 
 .Refolved, That the Scleilt Committee leave to the Honourable Court of Directors to pafs 
 final judgment, and refer to their minutes, entered in confultaiion of the 2jdinftant, forajuf- 
 . tification ot their proceedings. 
 
 Such are the lentiments, and fuch the refolution of the Seledt Committee, on a fubjeft which 
 • they entered upon with pain, and profecuted with reluiijance ; and now they appeal to the H')- 
 jiourable Court of DirecEtors, and the romnwn fenfe of mankind, to judge whether chey have 
 purfued their inquiries with decency and candour ; whether they have pried officioufly into fadts 
 that were not publickly knov/n to the fettlement ; w/hether thty have handled private chatadlers 
 with indelicacy, fought occaiion to condemn where they ptnTibly coulo acquit, or divulged what 
 the duty they owe to themfelves, their employers, aiul the public, would fuffer them to con- 
 ceal ; and ladly, whether they have extended beyond the bounds of the utmoft moderation thofe 
 powers with which they are vefted, " To purfue fuch ways and means a^ to them fnall appear 
 neceffary for reftoring peace and tranquillity .J"' 
 
 Taking into coaiideration the youth, inexperience and incapacity of the nabob, the neceflity 
 of placing the adnnniltration in the hands of men capable to fupport the weight of government, 
 and attached to the Company's Interell, and likewiic the great danger that niay arife to the liabi- 
 lity of the prefent eftabliJhment, from fufFcring the whole power aiii abfoiuts- management of 
 the three provinces to rell in a fingle perfon. 
 
 Refolved, That Mahomed Reza Cawn be advifed to relinqutfh the title f>f Naib Subah, and 
 alfo a part of the unbounded authority wherewith he was verted by the late treaty, as a meafure 
 not only agreeable to the Nabob, but necefiary to the lafety of the prefent government, and the 
 future tranquillity of the country ; in jultification of this refolution, the SsisCt Coniinitree think 
 it necelVary toobfcrve, that notwithrtanding Mahomed Reza Cawn is accufed by the Nabob of 
 diflipating his treafure, and witholding his revenues, yet fo openly and candidly has he accounted 
 to the Seledt Committe for every rupee dift)urfed from the treafury, they cannot, without injury 
 .to his chara<fttr, and injuilice to his conduit, during his Ihorc adininiltration, refulecontinum;^ 
 
 him
 
 APPENDIX, No. 84, 
 
 him in a (hare of the government, although they judge it neceflary to retrench his authority ani 
 balance his power, in order to produce that perfect equilibrium of influence which alone can re- 
 inove the nabob's jealoufies, and give permanency to the mealures they are taking to prevent the 
 iiecefljty of future revolutions. 
 
 Taking likewife into conlideratiin the character and abiliiies of the fevera! great perfonage* 
 shout the nabob's court and perfon, their influence in the country, and their actachmcnt to the 
 tngiifh ; 
 
 Rcfolved, That Roydulub and Juggut Seet be aflociated in the adminif^ration of the govern- 
 ment, with Mahomed RezaCavi'n, as Perlons whole characters afford us tiie fairelt prolpect of 
 giving ftability to trie prefent government, and that each enjoy an equal Ihare of power and 
 authority. 
 
 And that the Honourable Court of Directors may be fatisfied of the reafons which deteimincd 
 the committee to this choice, they beg leave to remind them, that Roydulhub was a principal agent 
 in effecting the revolution in 1757, in favour of Mcer Jaffier, fince which time he has continued 
 hrmly atached to the tnglifh ; and that Juggut Seet is fon and nephew of the two great men 
 plundered of their effects, and crueily put to death, by that tyrant Coflim Ally Cawn, on ac- 
 count of their faithful ferviccs to the company. 
 
 Ordered, Thai the regulations (or the adminiltration of the country government be entered 
 after thcie proceeo'ings. 
 
 The right honourable the prefident having acquainted the Committee; that he intends leaving 
 'Ciilcutta in a few days, to take upon him tiie command of the army, and defiring he may be 
 iiurulted with powers, in conjunction with general Carnac, for concluding peace wi h Sowiah 
 Dowiah, and regulating the Company's Intereft with the country powers; 
 
 Ordered, That the nccefFiry po»vcrs, and the Committee's fentiiiicnts refpecSting the term oi 
 pacihcation, be diawii out and conve}ed to his iordihip in the form of a letter. 
 
 A draft of tlie above-mentioned letter being prepared, read, and approved. 
 
 Ordered, That a (air copy be fent to his Iordihip, and the letter entered after thefe pro- 
 ceedings. 
 
 ReiuJvtfd, That .Mr. Vcrelft be appointed fupervifor of the Burdvvan revenues, and impowered 
 to make fuch inquiry luco the late dericiency and prefenc fituation of the rents of that country, 
 as may enable the Committee to form a plan for regulating the future collections in fuch manneir 
 as (hall appear molt conducive to the happincfs of the people, and intereft of the Company, 
 
 Alio that the Council at Burdawn be ad vi led of his appointment, and diredted to correfpond 
 V/ith him accordingly, but without interruption to their intercourfe with the board. 
 
 Having coiihdered the important dilpatchcs, it will be necefiary to tranfmit to the Court, flf 
 PiretStors, as early as thefealon will permit, the advantages which will refult from employing a 
 'Ihip of burthen, on this fervice, and alfo the time requifitc for equipping her j 
 
 Agieed, i hat we recommend to the Council the purcbafing the admiral Stevens, and havi/iir 
 her immediately furveyed. 
 
 Meiffs Var.fittart and Plowman, fetting forth in a letter to the Committee the lofs that mud 
 fcrilc CO Mr. Htnry Vanfittart, Ihould his agent, Mr. Hargrave at Kungpoor, be recalled at the 
 time required by tiie late order of the Committee, and requelting that an indulgence of three or 
 four months longer may be granted : 
 
 Agreed, That the Iccretary acquaint them Mr. Hargrave will be allowed four months from 
 this date, for coilciSing Mr. Vandttart s aflairs, and tnat he likewilii inform all \rho may in fu- 
 ture apply, that the Committee arc rcfolved to fee the Company's orders rigidly inforced at the 
 expiration of this period. 
 
 Mr. bkinner fends in a letter on the fame fubjecl. 
 
 Ordered, his requclt be granted, and that the fecrctary acquaint him of the above-mentioned 
 refolution. 
 
 Received a letter from Mr. Scotney at Patna, reprefenting to us the prejudice it would be to 
 his own affairs, as well as thole of his conltituents, fliould fie be obliged to return to Calcutta 
 in the fpace of one month. 
 
 As Mr. Scotney's reprcfcntation was thought difrefpetftful and improper, 
 
 Ordei d. The fecreiary write him in aiiiwcr, that luch applications, it is expected, fiiould be 
 made in ttrms more moderate and rei'pedtful, but that influenced by no confideration of the man - 
 ner in which he chole to afk for an allowance of time, we do agree to grant liim four montl.s 
 longer from thii date, for collecting his affairs, at the expiration of which he is dcfired to repair 
 to Calcutta, without further Notice. 
 
 CUVE. 
 
 This month's proceedings examined W. B. Sumner. 
 
 by tdward Baber, H. Verelst. 
 
 lub, fecrctary. Fra. Svkcs. 
 
 It To
 
 A , P P E N D I X, No. 84. 
 
 l V the rigiit honourable Lord Clive, Prefident and Governor, &c. Gentlemen of the 
 
 Seledt Commictee. 
 My Lord, and Gentlemen, 
 1 have been honoured with your letters of the 14th and 18th ultimo, and have received from 
 3'our fccretary, by your order, the extracts from the Company's general letter, and the copy of 
 the oath of fccrefy. This I cannot at prc;cnt take, there being no Company'.s fervant with me, 
 lut I will not fail doing it the firft opportunity ; and in the interim you may depend on my ob- 
 f.rvance thereof, with the fame flriittnefs as if fworn. 
 
 The Introduction of captain M'Pherfon upon the Bengal eftablifhment was doubly an injury 
 upon our officers ; firft, as it was directly contrary to an ail'urance which had been made them iu 
 public orders by Mr. Vaniittart, that the Officers of the Bombay Corps ftiould not be admitted 
 into ours ; and fecondly, on account of the motive of his reception, which was avowedly no 
 Dthcr than in confideration of his paying to Captain W'hichcoc the fum of io,oco arcot rupees. 
 This I fet forth fo plainly to the board, as your lordihip, &c. may obfervc, in the courfe of my 
 correfpondence, that I ne\er could have imagined they would htv;; perfifted inkeepin^ him upon 
 our cftablifhment. 
 
 It is hard to account why Sujah Dowlah did not unite the forces under Sombre to the Mah- 
 lattis in their hte ir.curiion ; either they were intended to enter by another quarter from which 
 they wer.- de. erred by the quickneis with which we acconiplilhcd our buUnels in this, or which 
 is more probable, Sombre was afraid to enter the lifts againlt us, and hii n>after h.<d not power 
 fufficient to oblige him ; for however contemptible he may be before us, yet -having, as Lain 
 afiurcd, ftill near 300 Europeans with him of one fort or other, and from five to fix thoufand 
 l^apoys, with fome guns, Sujah Dowlah inuft have been in awe of him, and appears to rae to 
 be glad to have got clear of him. This villain is now faid to be negociating for fervice with the 
 Jauts. 
 
 My laft addrefs was dated the 27th ultimo, ad.'ifing you of Sujah Dowlah's being come in to 
 ine, fince which I have not troubled you, having nothing material to communicate. 1 have de- 
 ferred coming to any abfolute agreement, till i have f;en the king, and know his plealure. He 
 has left lllahabad, and has got to Manihpur on his way hither ; hut as the rains »r.- lo near fel- 
 ting in, 1 think it moft advifcable to lave him that trouble, and that we Ibould move towards 
 him. I am accordingly croffin^ our troops tjvcr the Ganges fpeedily as poflible for that purpole, 
 arid in {he interim, that no time may be loft, we are procee.-linu, 011 the trials of thefeveral gen- 
 tlemen in arreft, I have undertaken fo far as, to. give Sujah Jjowlah hopes of the Siibahof Aud, 
 being allured that his majefty will gladly deliver it to him, as the only means to fecure tranquil- 
 lity to the country, and that it cannot be made over to any other, who will be able to muintaia 
 it longer than while our army remains. I have intimated to him, that fome indemnificatioii 
 will be expefled by us from him, for the immenfe expence in which he invoh'&d us, and ihall 
 ftrenuoufly infift thereon ; and 1 flatter myfelf of luccceding, though he pleads poverty, ;ind h.is 
 folemnly afferted to me, in the name of God and hi'; prophet, that he has. not tvi'o laaks of ru- 
 ]iees.: fliould you be of opinion with me, that the Zamyndary of Bc-naras, &c. is at too great 
 it diftance to be worth our keeping, this may alio be hereafter ceded to him, in confideration of 
 a fum of money in exchange for the fame. 
 
 Major Stibbert, whom 1 detached towards the frontier on this fide of Lucknau, has been verv 
 aflive and diligent, and ha^ entirely removed the difafletScil parties th^t ftill remained in that 
 jieighbourhood, by means of a forced march. He fell in with, on the morning <>( the 2J iriftant, 
 one Mungul Chan, a Jematdar, who had been particularly troubklome. After a fnort fkirmifh, 
 t.^e enemy were put to the rout, Munt.u'. Ch;in himfilf, with federal of his people were killed, 
 and a parcel of country guns, which they had with them, all taken. 
 
 1 have been reduced to the necefTuy of forcing fume otliei; feris ne?r our camp-; and as We 
 loft a voluntier, and a few men on the occafion, the ill-fated deleiidants have paid the forfeit 
 of their lives for their ohftinacy. 
 
 1 have dilcovered a moft flagrant fraud in the muftcr of the quarter matter's cooliifs belongiii"- 
 to the Bombay detachment. Finding that ihcir number greatly exceeded what their quantity of 
 Itores required, 1 examined the quaiter-maftcr's banian, who acki.owledged his having taken 
 from the Bazar upwards of three hundred men to f^and the mufter 1 immediitelv confined the^ 
 acting quaiter-maller, the eftabli/hed being fick at lllahabad, and you may be allured I will ufe 
 every endeavour to trace the fraud to its fource, that an exemplary punifhinent may be inflicted 
 on thofe capable of fo Ihameful an impofition. 
 
 I have the honour to be .with the grcateft rtfpeCl, 
 Camp at Nagapur, niy Lord, and Gentlemen, 
 
 the J 7th June 1765. your molt obedient humble fervant, • 
 
 John Cari>ac. 
 
 ■J To
 
 A P P . E N D I X, No. 84. 
 
 To Brigadier General John Carnac, Commander in Chief of ihe Army. 
 S I R, 
 
 We havejufl received your Letter of the 7th inftant, in which you exprefs your expeaations 
 of concluding matters very fpeedily with Sujah Dowlah. liy this we imagine you un ierftand 
 the adjufting certain preliminary articles, to fcrve for the outlines of a peace, to be fir.al'y con- 
 eluded onLordCUve's arrival in camp. You are already informed that his lordfhip, in conjunction 
 with you, will have full. power to purfue fuch mealurcs ;4nd form engagements, as Ke may thinic 
 iieceflary, and you will p.-rceive fioni our Letter of the loth inltantt tliat the 'intentions r^f the 
 kledt committee rcfpedting the terms of pacification are different in fome material particu- 
 lars from thofe you exprefb i for this reafon, we hope it will reach your hands loon enou"h 10 
 prevent you entering into any definitive cniiagements. ^ 
 
 Captain K^Pheifon's appointment would probably never have taken place, had Lord Clive 
 then been in charge ot the government. As things are now circumftanced, we are of op:nio:i 
 ihe officers ought to rell fatishcd with hib lofsng rank, and coming in ihc younj;efl captain on 
 the Liiglifh et1abli(;.nKnt, us a fardier conccllion cannot be made with any projirlety by the 
 hoard. We are with great regard, 
 
 • SIR, 
 ^ort ^Villiam the lift June, 1765. 
 
 Your moft humble Servants 
 
 7"o the Right Honourable Lord Clive, Prcfident and Governor, &c. Gentlemen of the fsleft 
 Coinniittce. 
 My Lord, and (lentlemen, 
 
 1 have received a letter, figned by yourfecretary, dated the 13th inftant, conveying fcvcrA 
 extrj6fs and papers from your proceedings, touching an inquirymade by you into the bufinefs 
 of the late deputation, of which 1 had the honour to be a member, and requiring me to anfjver 
 to fuih (aits as related toniyfelf, which I Ihall now do, and in as clear a inamur as poffible. 
 
 That I have received a piefenc from the nabob 1 will not take upon nie to deny, but not ia 
 the manner fet forth in ih- naratue, N" 1 ; and am much furprifcd that Muhonied Reza Cawa"' 
 rtiOuid have forgot himfelf fo much. 1 had heard that the nabob did i itend a prefent to the gen-" 
 ilenien in council, but what it .was 1 mver knew, till one Evening that Meflieurs fohnkone 
 ;.'nd Leycefter came to fup with me at Moodapoor, when the latter told me, that Mahoaicd-^ 
 Reza Cawn h.id been at Mootyjill that afternoon, and brought a puper from his excellency, of- 
 fering a fum of money to the gentlemen of the deputation, and defited to know my opinioT of 
 the matter, v;hcther or no 1 intended taking of it ; 10 which 1 replied, if it is a vnliint^ry gift, i 
 ihould have no objections, nor did I think tlie world could blame tne (or it. Much more pafled 
 on the occafion, which I cannot now recolledt ; but as it was only m.ide a fecondary part ofouf' 
 Converfation, it it not material to the (ubjedt. He further told me, ih;it Mahomed Re/. I'C.ivvn* 
 would be at Moctjjil! the next Morning, and defired 1 would come over. Accordingly Matio- 
 ined Reza Cawn came at the appointed time, and j)refented us with a paper, wrote upon in the 
 Perfian Language, v;hich he explained, and was to this purpofe : 'J'he nabob Niz im ul Dowl ih 
 defires the gentlemen of the deputation to accept of a prelent as follows ; To Mr. Johnftone 
 1,37,500; to Meilieurs Senior, Midleton, and Leycetter, 1,12,500 each ; which pajier we re- 
 turned to Mahomed Reza Cawn, and, to the belt of my Remembrance, told him, That if the 
 nabob deiigned us (uch a preferit, it mult come directly from himfelf, and notthrou-'h the 
 hands cf him, M. R. Cawn, or words to the iame purpofe. A fhort time after having b^ufini^f-: 
 at th>' Durbar, we waited upon the naboD, and after Ibine converfation with him, he himf.If 
 prefented us with the before-mentioned paper, which we again refufed, telling him, that as h. 
 Had in a manner exprehed a diflatisia<Stion at our proceedings, how could he think we woul.l' 
 accept a prefent from him ? He upon this ap])e.ired fomething alarmed, and told us, 'I'hath? 
 was by no means difplealcd with our behaviour to him ; on the contrary believed us his fince e 
 friends ; but if we ftill perfifted in the refufal, he (hould look upon us hereafter as his enemic'?; 
 and that we had fome other reafon for it, or words to that eflPeiEt. Upon which we aecepttd 
 t^e paper, and delivered it to Mahomed Reza Cawn for payment. No more was faid of the 
 matter, as I know of, till (uch lime Nundcomar was ordered to Cah iitta, when?lout thii 
 ].)avs after we returned the paper again, as we heard his excellency had been greatly difp'c.if'-d ' 
 at this proceeding of calling down his minifter, and laid the whole blame upon the gentl.'inen ot 
 the deputation. He accordingly appeared to lofe all confidence in us, and faid, that he was' 
 now convinced we were his enemies, and were determined to remain fo, &c. which induced u; 
 to take back the paper, and it fecmingly gave him perfect fatisfac'tion. Mahomed Reza C«wr<, 
 thereupon became anfwerable for the payment of the money, which was accordingly made. 
 
 AVith regard to the prefent received from Mahomed Reza Cawn, as fet forth in his narrative,^ 
 (N" 2.) I am greatly lurprized he fhould aflert that the propofal came from the members of the 
 deputation ; and do folemnly declare, that it never was done in my piefence, or to my know- 
 ledge, nor did I ever conftder it in the light he mentions, but as a tok'^n of hi? gratitude for th'? 
 
 many
 
 A P P . E -N D I X, No.. 84. 
 
 irany good ofices he has repeatedly expreffcd to haveformerly received at my hands ; as to what 
 he mentions regarding the reft of the council, I am entirely ignorant of the matters; nor did I 
 believe that fuch a queftion was ever put to him, or fuch an anfvirer made him, by any of the 
 members. 
 
 Touchin-J the Seet's prefent, I do declare upon my honour, that I never knew of any threat- 
 enin<T mcfiages being fent him on the occafion, either through Mootyram, or any others; but' 
 always looked upon it as an offer made by bimrdf. Nor would 1 by any means have agreed to 
 the receiving of it, had 1 in the leaft fuipeded that even an uppicacion had been made to him 
 for it. 
 
 Thus have I anfwered, as far as is in my power, the particulars requefted of me. It is poflibic 
 my not being perre(5\ly acquainted wnb the language of the fjurbar may have occafioncd fome 
 im&ll variation in triflmg circumftanccs, but 1 am confcious of haviir^ acquitted myfelf in the 
 la'.c deputation, truly for the honour as vviil a* iiitertfi of my employers, i cannot therefore 
 accufe myfelf, or think I ftand liable lo the ctnruis ot others, by benenting' fomething my pri- 
 vate fortune in a fervice which has ever been known to ptovo advantageous to fuch gentleijiefl. 
 as have heretofore been employed on tile occalion. 
 
 1 am, 
 
 Coflimbuzar, My Lord, and Gentlemen, 
 
 the i8th June 1765. your uioii obedient 
 
 humble fcrvant, 
 
 A, W. Senior. 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Clivc, Prefident and Governof,&c. Gentlemen of thcScleifl 
 
 CoiHmitice. 
 My Lord, and GentlenrKu, 
 Having received a letter, daccJ the i jih inftafU, from your fecret^iy, inclofsng copies of youf 
 proceedings of the iti, 6th, 7th, and iith Junj, rvlative to lo.ne pieie/its f.id to be received b/ 
 the Members of the deputation from the Kab<i/b, Mahomed ReZd Cawn a.nJ Ju^out Sect wicii 
 their narrative of the affair, and requiring iiie to dcciaru how t<ir thtrte para reiatm" to myfelf a/e 
 true; — I beg leave to trouble you with the tjllowing remark.;- aiitJ aufwcr. 
 
 In Mahomed Reza Cawn's narrative, (No i.) f abftrve the followin,' paragraph, faid to be a 
 fpeech from us to him. 
 
 " The gentlemen who have affiilej former 'N'azims haveobcained prefent-. ; now that we have 
 *' featcd his excellency on the raufnud, and rendered him fernce, we hope that he will make 
 <« prefents to us alfo; do you reprelent this to his excellency ;" And that he defired we would 
 mention it to his excellency curfelves ; buf that on our further preding him, (he, apprehcnfive 
 of our being offended at a refufal) did apply to the Nabob, and obtained his confent. To this 
 I reply. That no convcrfation to this effedt did ever pafs in my prefence, or to mv knowledge • 
 nor did I ever know of any jM-efent being dcmaixled cuher from the Nabob or Mahomed Reza 
 wCawn. -The latter, on a viiit to us at Mootyjill pioduced a paper, with the Nabob's feal, con- 
 taining an offer of 475,000 rupdcs to be diftributed as follows : to Mr. Johnlhme 137,500 to 
 Mr. Senior 112,500, to Mr. LeycelVer ( 12.500, and to myfelf 112,500, which we then rejected 
 and defired Mahomed RezaCawn to return it to the Nabob. About two days after this, bein<T 
 at the Kel!a on bufincfs, the Nabob himfelf prsfejited us with the paper, which we a^aiii 
 refuted ; and it was not till afttr his moft earneft and repeated folicitition (and beirrr feemin^iy 
 dfended at our refufing it) that-we agreed to take it; and he then oidered Mahomed Reza 
 Cawn to fee it paid. 
 
 In Mahomet Reza Cawn's-fecond narrative, I obfcrve the following Meffage, faid to be deli- 
 vered to him by Mootyram. as from us : " Whereas you have been appointed his excellency's 
 " naib, it is proper that you make us fume prefent from yourfelf.'' I deny thr.t any meffaie of 
 the kind was ever fent to my knowledge, or by myconfcnt, either by Mootyram or others ;''nor 
 did I ever defire any acknowledgement from Mahomed Reza Cawn, but was informed by 
 Meffrs. Johnflone and Lcycefter, that a prefent of one laak was intended by him to each of the 
 deputies. I avoided receiving any part of this, and afterwards determined on rdfufing it, with 
 which I acquainted Mr. Leycefter, on my arrival at Calcutta ; and then he told me, he had in- 
 tended the fame for fome time. 
 
 Jnggut Seet in hii nairative fays, that he received by Mootyram the following meffage 2s 
 from the deputation : " Make us fome acknowledgment, and we will fettle all your bufincfs 
 " according tc your heart's defir;, otherwife we fhall be difpleafed, and your bufinels will meet 
 " with no affiftance ; for you formerly made ar* acknowledgment 10 Lord Clivc and other oentlc- 
 '• men." That on his declining it was again repeated wun tbre.us, and he was thereby 
 obliged to promife 13.5,000 rupees, 5000 of which he pt:kl down. I muft here declare I know 
 of no meffage being ever fent, or application made, to Juggu: Scet, regarding a prefent or 
 acknowledgment from h4in to us. Mr. Leycefter acquainted me, that Juggui Seet intended 
 fomething to the gentlemen of the deputation, bot be did not then know hov,- much. Some 
 
 time
 
 A- P- P E N D I -X, No. 84. 
 
 Time after Mahorted RezaCawn at Mootyjill faid in ray Prefence, that Juggut Sect intended 
 115,000 Rupees to be divided between the (our Deputies'; that 40,000 was paid to them ; and 
 I lome Time kfter received from him io,coo Rupees a-, mv Frnnortion. The above is aU f 
 
 w — - j-o-^-- '"..^ntary 
 
 Ortcr ot his own. 
 
 I obferve that Maho;r.ed Reza Cawn dclircs that it may be minuted in your Proceedings, th^t 
 on the Gentltmen dtfiriiig a Prcfcnt fioni him, he alke.l it it w,i^ not a c^encral AfFair,"arid if 
 the other Gentlemen of the Council were not to have a Share ? To which the Deputies replied, 
 " This muft be for us, let ihcm look to thcitilelves."' Uf this 1 dcclar.- myf^lf entirely igno- 
 rant, as I never heai<l of fuch a Qiitftion being put, or fuch an Anfwcr btinir >riven. 
 
 Having now, as (ar as came to my Knowledge, replied to every Particular concerning mjfelf; 
 and as you have been plealed to take upon you to enquire into thefc Tranl'adioui, I freely fub- 
 mit it to vour Determinalion, being coiili:!ous of having never aclcd cortrarv to the ilrict Prin- 
 ciples of Honour, '01 iti the leait deviaced from the Duty I owe my Employers. I am with 
 great Rcfpect, 
 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 
 Moradbaug, . . Your 010ft obedien*: Servant 
 
 tbe J8th J^ne.l7l3<i, 
 
 Samuel Middleton. 
 
 J^egalations for the Provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa. 
 
 The Nabob Nudjum-ul-Dowlah, Meer Nud jumul-Deen Ally Cawn Bafiadre, NaziiH, 
 the Nabob Macen-ui-Doulah, Sycd, Mahomed Beza Cawn Bahadre, Nayb, Mhar./ja DooU 
 abrain Br. Dewaan, Juggut Scet Coofhaulchund and Mharaja Odweichimd, Chiefs of Trade. 
 
 The appointing and difplacing ot the Fougzdar-s Aumils, and othir Officers of the Nifaniuf, 
 and the Regulation of the whole BulineCs of the Revenues and the Country under his Excel- 
 lency, fhall be maiiogcd by the N;'.bob Maeen- ul-Dowlah Br. Mharaja J^oolabram Br. ui.d the 
 Seets, and his Lxcellcncy fiiall confent thereto. 
 
 If anyone be oppitifed, his Eft'ccts Icized, or his Life tndaiif ertd, the afortfiid Gentlemen 
 fhall u(e their Endeavours to put a Stop to fuch Proceedings, and if they fufpect that it is noc 
 in their Power to put a Stop to them, they (hall advife the Governor thereof with all Speed, that 
 he may inform the Gentlemen of the Council or Committee of fuch Proceedings, and put a 
 Stop to th; m. 
 
 Alter the neceflary Expenres of Government have been provided for, if there be any Over- 
 plus, it Ihall be depnfited in the public Tiealury, under the Care of the alorefaid Gentlemen ; 
 and there (hall be three different J^ocks to the Dt,or of the Treai'ury, and three Keys, one ti) 
 remain in the PofleiTion of each of the aforcfaid Gentlemen, that neither of thtin may be able 
 to take out any Money without the content of the others. 
 
 Of thele three Gentlemen Maeen-ul-Dowlah Br. Mharaja Doolabram, and the Sects, if any 
 one act contrary to the Ojunion of the other 'l"wo, thofe 'I'wo fhall give Advice thereof to tiie 
 Governor, that he may lay the Matter before the Gciulenien of the Council or Committee, and 
 take proper Meafures on the Occalioii. 
 
 Such N umber ot Horfe and Foot fhall be kept up as the aforefaid Gentlemen fhall judge ne- 
 ceifary for the BuAnefs of the Collectionsi, and all n^edlcfs and improper Expences fhall be 
 reduced. 
 
 I Let
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 84. 
 
 Let them remove from the Durbar all mifchievous men, deceitful and evil counfellors, and 
 not put it in their power to make any difturbance. 
 
 Let not the aforefaid Gentlemen go to the Durbar without each other's knowledge, nor at- 
 tempt any Thing to each other's Prejudice. 
 
 For the Prefervation of friendftiip and harmony, and the care of the Nabob's affairs, and 
 the company's money, a Gentleman of Council, of probity, and abilities, fhall be appoints. d 
 to refide at the capital, on the part of the Company. A monthly allowance (hall be made him 
 by the Government proportionable to his rank, and the accounts of the receipts and expences 
 for the bufinefs of the Government, &c. Ihall be laid before him monthly for his perufal. 
 
 InftruQions from the Sele£t Committee. 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Clive, Prefident and Governor, &c. &c. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 We gieatly approve your refolution to embrace the prefect favourable opportunity of eftablifli- 
 iiig a general peace, and effecting a cordial and lading friendftiip with the country powers. 
 
 Thefe important ends, fo neceffary to the profperity of the Company, will more effe(£tually 
 be anfwered by a perfonal interview with Sujah Dowlah, and the other chiefs, than from a 
 correfpondence carried on at this diftance, as many circumftances leading to a dirc<3 knowledge 
 of their real fentiments will occur in the courfe of your conferences. 
 
 It is from a confideration of thefe circumftances that we apprehend any particular inftruflions 
 to your lordfhip will be unneceflary. Much muft be left to the difcretion of thofe who aiSl on 
 the Spot; and we are happy in the alVurances that your jordfhip's perfed acquaintance with, 
 and zeal for, the Company's intereft, will enable you to fulfil our moft fanguine wifhes. 
 
 The preliminary articles tranfmitted the nth inftant to General Carnac contain our general 
 fenfe of the terms which we ought to demand ; and to reftrain your Lordfhip to exprefs inftruc- 
 tions, would only ferve to retard and embarrafs your negociations. 
 
 We therefore impower your Lordfliip, in conjunction with Brigadier General Carnac, to 
 ftipulate fuch conditions with Sujah Dowlah, to form fuch connexions with the country 
 powers, and to purfue fuch means as you (hall judge neceffary to the Company's intereft, the 
 public welfare, and the obtaining a fafe, honourable, advantageous, and lailiiig peace. At the 
 fame time we muft requeft your Lordfhip's particular attenlion to the preliminaries already con- 
 veyed to the General, and now incloRd, upon which we fhail brg leave to enlarge, fince we 
 confider them as effential to the ftability of the public tranquillity. 
 
 Experience having fhewn that an influence maintained by force of arms is deftruilive of that 
 commercial fpirit which we ought to promote, ruinous to the Company, and oppreflive to the 
 country, we earneftly recommend to your Lordfhip, to exert your utmoft endeavours to con- 
 ciliate the affe£tions of the country powers, to remove the jealoufy they may have conceived of 
 cur ambition, and convince them that wc aim not at conqueft and dominion, but fecurity in car- 
 rying on a free trade, equally beneficial to them and to us. 
 
 With this view policy requires that our demands be moderate and equitable, and that wc 
 avoid every appearance of an inclination to enlarge our territorial poilcffions. The (acritice of 
 conquefts which we muft hold on a precarious tenure, and at an expence more than equivalent 
 to their revenues, is of flight confideration to us, yet will fuch reftitution imprefs tkiem with a 
 high opinion of our generofuy and juftice. 
 
 For this reafon we think Sujah Dowlah fliould be reinftated in the full polTefTion of all his 
 dominions, with fuch liinitations only as he muft fee are evidently calculated for our mutual 
 benefit, the good of his country, and happinefs of his people. Wc would decline infifting upon 
 any terms that muft prove irkfome to his high fpirit, and imply our lufpcion of his Uncerity. 
 Retaining pofleflion of any of his ftrong holds may be deemed a neceffary pledge of his fidelity; 
 tor our pnrts, we would rather confider it as thefource of future contention, and an unneceffary 
 bir'..'i'.-ii t(i the Company, unlels it is propoled one day to refume the thoughts of extending 
 
 ihe r
 
 APPENDIX, No. 84, 
 
 their dominions — a meafure very oppofite to the fentimcnts in which we left the Proprieto^s 
 and Court of Direflors. 
 
 Thus by engaging the Vizier to a ftri£t regard to the conditions of our amity by the tiesof 
 Honour, Gratitude, and Intereft, we form the mod fecure barrier to th« Nabob's dominion 
 on this quarter that can well be devifed. It is General Carnac's opinion, and it is likeie 
 our's, that no other perfon can be placed in that ftation, whofe authority, influence, and po- 
 pularity, will fo effedtually anfwer this intention, or whofe character promifes fairer to become 
 a faithful ally, when wrought upon by motives of gratitude and intereft. He has thrown himfelf 
 into our arms, he vcits his hopes on our gcnerofity, it becomes us therefore not to difippoint his 
 cxpedlations, and uige him on to defpair. 
 
 It will be ncccfiary, however, that your Lordfhip obtain a full grant, in the fullcft terms, 
 for carrying on a free trade through his dominions, with the privileges of cftablifiiing fidorici 
 wherever we fhali think proper, to which fhall be annexed fuch contiguous lands and diftriias, 
 as may be found neceflary to the convenience and fupport of the fettlemcnts. We mean without 
 charge to Sujah Dowlah, or diminution of his revenues. But the keeping potreifion of Chinanur, 
 and other (tiong holds, and prote<Sing our commerce by military power, is a meafure con- 
 cerning the expcndiency of which your Lordfhip will judge from a further enquiry into cii- 
 cumftances. 
 
 That Bulwant Sing be fecured in the pofTeflion of his Zemindary, NudjufFCawn reftored to 
 the fame fituation and circumrtances as at the commencement of the war, and all poUiblcpro- 
 tedion and favour obtained for thofc who aflift us, are terms which Juftice and Honour 
 demand. 
 
 I hat Coffin Ally, Sombre, and the deferters, be furrendered to us, or put to death by Sujah 
 Dowlah, is a point we extremely wi(h to obtain, if it can be cfFedlcd without violence to his 
 inclinations, and danger to the ftability of the peace ; but hitherto Sujah Dowlah has appeared 
 fo averfe to this conceffion, which fo deeply afFedts his honour, that we doubt whether your 
 Lordlhip will meet with fuccefs, 
 
 We would likewife recommend, that provifion be made for the fccurity of the king's perfon 
 and dignity ; but in what particular manner we leave to your lordfhip and General Carnac to 
 determine, from a coiifiJeration of the circumftanccs and fituation of the country. 
 
 And this, my lord, would appear to us the moft favourable occafion that may ever occur f>r 
 obtaining Suniiuds from the king for the Dewannee of Bengal ; a point of great confequencc to 
 the Company, much dcfired, and ftrongly^folicited, by General Carnac, but without eiTccl ; a 
 price being expecled and demanded that was thought by the Governor and Council more than 
 equivalent to the advantage. Times are fince altered. The King is now dependant on our 
 bounty; his whole hopes of protection and fubfiltence reft upon us. It cannot ihcroTote be 
 fuppofed he will prove obfhnate in denying a rcqueft of little confcquence to him in his preftnc 
 circumftanccs, but advantageous to us his greateft benefai£lors ; and, we may fay, his only- 
 friends. ^Ve therefore beg leave to recommend this as one of the moft important points to be 
 negociated. 
 
 Lallly, We are of opinion your Lordfhip fliould require fuch indemnification for the ^reat 
 expenccs incurred by the Company as juftice demands, Sujah Dowlah may be brought to think 
 leafonable, and the country can afford, without opprefTiiig the people, and thereby layino- the 
 foundation of frefh difcontents. 
 
 Upon the v;hole, my Lord, notwithftanding we have reafon to conclude, from the report of 
 Sujah Dowlah's charadter, that acts of generolity are the moft likely means to fccure his friend- 
 (hip and fidclitv, yet we muft fubmit to your L'-rdfhip's judgment, formed on a more intimate 
 knowledge of his (Intinienti and dil'oofition, how i'ar it will be nectfl'ar/ to guard acrainft a 
 .« breach ot faith, and the difappointnient of our hopes. Princes are not aKvays confined to thu 
 laws prefcribcd by Honour and Juftice, nor governed by the dict.ites of good policy. Sparks 
 cf refentmcnt may lie concealed in his brcalt, ready to be kindhd into a flame by the firft "u(t of 
 paftion or ambition. Jn courfe of your conferences many opportunities will occur of penetratini' 
 into his moll fccret wifties, from which your f,ordfliip n-.av dtterinine, whether it wiil not be 
 expedient to bind him down by ftroiiger ties than thofe of H 'nour and Gratitude, and operate 
 on his fears, when we defpair ot engaging his afiedions. Re'titutioii of his country, fhould we 
 even retain Chinagur and Jaonpo(jr, is more than he can poflibly hope in his prefcr.t fituition • 
 yet (hould this reltricli'jn appear the only obftrudtion to a cordial and pfrmaiKiit peace, we 
 think it ought to be relinquifhed. 
 
 Thefe, my Lord, arc the principal objects which we beg leave to offer to your attention - 
 the reft we readily fubmit to the conduct of that piudence which has lo often availed our em- 
 ployers in more difticult fituations. We have only hirtlicr to requclt, that vour Lordfliip wiiJ 
 favour us with a communication o( fuch of your negociations as vou may tr.ink more iitime- 
 
 di.itely
 
 APPENDIX, No. S4. 
 
 diatcly intereftiiig to the Sele£l Committee ; and be aflured of our beft wiflies for your healtli 
 and fuccefs, beicg with equal eftc«m and refpeft. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 Your Lordfliip's moft obedient, 
 
 And mod humble Servar.tf. 
 Fort WiJliam, 21 June, 1765= 
 
 . i 
 
 4th July, 1765. 
 Ac a Select Committee, 
 
 PRESENT. 
 
 W. B. Sumner, Efquire, Freftdent, 
 Harry Verelft, Ef^uire, 
 Francis Sykes, Eftjuire. 
 
 Read, approved, and figned, the proceedings of the 21ft ult. 
 
 The Right Honourable the Prefident having tranfmitted to us a letter, under date the 23d 
 ult. which he received from Mahomed Reza Cawn, the lame was attentively perufed by the 
 Committee, who unanimoufly agree, 
 
 That Mahomed Reza Cawn has, in this letter, related fa£is with great candour and prccifion, 
 confirmin<T in the ftron^eft manner the feveral particulars fct forth in his former evidence. 
 
 That he pofitively afferts, and with the greateil appearance of truth, that neither the prefcnts 
 from the Nabob, nor from himfclf, were voluniary, but granted after fome altercation and te- 
 dious neoociations with the Gentlemen of the deputation. 
 
 That,"" Mr. Johnftone at firft defined a very large fum ; but after 2 great debate," and 
 many conferences, Mootyram confented to accept 625,000 rupees from the Nabob, and 475,000 
 rupees from Mahomed Reza Cawn ; of which lums the whole has been paid by the Nabob, and 
 i25,oco by M. R. Cawn, in rrioney and bills. 
 
 That over and above 137,500 rupees, which Mr. Johnftone obtained from the Nabob, as a 
 joint member and fenior fervant on the deputation, the fame genclemaa llipulated, " That 
 " 100,000 rupees for himfelf, and 50,000 rupees for his brother, fliould be paid fecretly from 
 " all the other gentlemen." 
 
 That, befides the above fums clandeftinely obtained from the Nabob, Mr. Johnftone, as 
 principal agent and manager, thought proper, without the conlent or knowledge of his col- 
 leagues, likewife to appropriate 50,000 rupees to hiin(clf, and 25,000 rupees to his brother, out 
 of the money granted by Mahomed Reza Cawn, over and aboic iiis allowed proportion, as a 
 member of the deputation. 
 
 Arid laftly, the Committee agree. 
 
 That Mahomed Reza Cawn's letter be entered on the face of ihcir proceedings, as undeniable 
 teftimony to all whom it may concern, «f the ntceffity of the impariiality of their proceedings, 
 and the ^jreat lenity of their rcfuiution, in lubmittiiig iinal judgment to the Court of Directors, 
 notwithftanding their conduct has been bitterly cenfuied, their powers arraigned, their charaders 
 afperfed, and their authority luflicicnt to enable them to proceed, and juitity them in proceeding 
 to the laft exeremity. 
 
 The belcd Committee think it neceflary on this occafion to afllgn the reafons which induced 
 them to recommend to the Board to pui chafe the Admiral Steven-;. 
 
 That after waiting till the 4th of July, in daily expectation of the Royal George, or fome 
 other packet from Europe, they now have the utinoil rcafon to apprehend no veiTcl will arrive 
 loon enough to be returned with the important advic.-s, which they propofe tranfmitting to the 
 Court of Directors early in September, in order they may receive the Company's further in- 
 ftrudtions hy the fhips to be difpatcbed in March, April, or May following. 
 
 Th«
 
 APPENDIX N'. 84; 
 
 That as the fcafon is now fo far advanced, as fcarce to allow the time requiiue for re- 
 pairing and equipping a fhip lor the voyage, they think it ablolutely neccflary to come 
 to a determination, ami to enter on immediate preparations. 
 
 Tiiat they apprehend the Lapwing, being an exceeding bad failcr, might arrive too 
 late in England, to anfwcr the very purpol'c for which advices from the committee are 
 difpatchcd, and at bfft would only anfwer the end of a packet, whereby the company 
 would incur a very confidcrabie expence ; 
 
 Whereas, on the other hand, the Admiral Stevens, being an excellent fhip, and 
 prime failer, offered at a very reafonable price, has this additional advantaoe that flic 
 will carry home a rich and valuable cargo, at a fcalbn, when it muft prove very ac- 
 ceptable to the company, who will find themfclves difappointed of great part of the 
 goods they expefled to receive by the Bute, having received no advices from general 
 Carnac fmce our lad meeting. 
 
 Agreed, we acquaint him with our furprife at his filencc at fo critical a juniflure ; aiid 
 that lord Clive was on his way to camp, to take upon him the command of the army, 
 and ncgociate a peace with Sujah Dowlali, in coniunc\io!i with him. 
 
 Agreed alfo, we write to lord Clive, informing liim, that a warrant for his holding 
 courts martial will immediately be fcnr, and cnclofrng a copy of our letter to thcreneral. 
 
 Ordered, that both thcfe letters be entered after the proceedings. 
 
 Mr. Marriott having applied for leave that his brother ijiould remain with him at 
 Benaras, agreeably to the refolution of the board laft Deceml)er, 
 
 The fccretary is dircfted to acquaint him, that we grant his requeft. 
 
 Mr. Biliers alfo reprefcntiiig how much his private affairs would fuffer, fliould he he 
 deprived of Mr, Hutchinfon's afliftancc, by his compliance v. ith t!ie order fur recalling 
 free merchants, and reijuefting he may he allowed to remain with him at Patna, 
 
 The fccretary is direfled to inform Mr. Biliers, that his requeft is granted, in confi- 
 deration of the necellity he is under of giving his whole attention to the publick bufinefs. 
 
 Mr. Thomas Mottc fitting forth in a letter to the committee, that his fortune muft 
 be entirely ruined, fliould he be obliged to return to Calcutta agreeable to the late 
 order, on account of the balance of rents due to him on the farms held from the com- 
 pany in Burdwan, 
 
 The fecrctary is ordered to acquaint hlrii likewife, that the time neceffary for collcft- 
 ing his debts will be allowed. 
 
 Mr. Ainyatt alfo reprcfents the complicated ftate of the late Mr. Ellis's affairs, for 
 which he is adminiftrator, and fequefts that his agents, MelTrs. Tamlin, Jeffson and 
 Hclafs, may be indulged with a longer time tlian that fpecificd in the late order. 
 
 The fccretary had directions to acquaint him, that four months from the 21ft ultimo 
 will be allowed them for collcfting the affairs of the deceafed in their hands. 
 
 Having juft received a letter from general Carnac, under date the igtii ultimo. 
 
 Agreed we immediately acknowledge his letter ; and order it, together with the com- 
 mittee's anfwer to be entered. 
 
 This month's proceedings examined by Wm. B. Sumner. 
 
 Edward Barker, H. Verelft. 
 
 Sub-fecretary. Francis Sykcs. 
 
 Mahomed Rcza Cawii's Letter to the Right Honourable Lord Clive. 
 
 " I have had th.c honour tc receive your letter, wherein you wriie. That the account 
 " I gave of the money received by the gentlemen from the nabob and me has been 
 ♦' laid before the council, that now all the gentlemen fay, That the nabob made them 
 " prel'ents of his own free will ; that you arc informed by Mr. Senior, in a letter he 
 •' has written you in anAvcr, that the money, viz. 137,50c, rupees for Mr. Johnftonc, 
 " 112,500 for Mr. Middleton, 112,500, for Mr. Leycefter, and 112,500 for Mr, 
 <' Senior, was diflributed by me ; and that you, therefore, requeft I will immcdiately 
 *• acquaint you whether the diflribution of the money was made by the nabob of 
 *• his own free will, or by me, or by the diicflion of any other pcrfons." 
 
 Sir, I have already fully reprefcnted, and do now again fully rcprcfent, on tliis lub- 
 jc£t, what is the real flatc of the cafe. There is one paper to which his excellency has 
 fct his hand and leal for 475,000 rupees, whiih fuin was given by his excellency agree- 
 able to my reprefentations, and my rej)refcntations were in conlcquence of Mr. Jokn- 
 ftone's dcfire, who fcnt me a moHage by Mootyram that the gentlemen wanted fomo 
 money, and that I lliould procure them fomc from the nabob. As I perceived that in 
 cafe of my not rcprsreiitlng this matter to the nabob, the gentlemen would have been 
 offended with me, 1 was therefore obliged to do it. I wa^ for Ibme days tic.iting with 
 Mootyram on lhi> fuhjed. 
 
 C Mr.
 
 APPENDIX. N°. 84. 
 
 Mr. Jolinftone at firfl; defired a very large fum, but after a great deal of debate, tlie 
 nabob gave under his hand and fcal one note for 475,000 rupees, and other two notes 
 for 100,000 rupees for Mr. Johnftone, and 50,000 for his brother, the whole amountin"^ 
 to 625,000 rupees for Mr. Johnrtonc, Mr. Middleton, Mr. Senior, Mr. Leyccflcr, and 
 Mr. Johnftonc's brother. When this fum was fixed, I flicwcd the notes to Mr. John- 
 ftone. At that time no diftriljution of the money had been fettled, but it was after- 
 wards fettled in his excelleHcy's piefence, agreeably to Mr. Johnftfinc's direftions con- 
 cerning it. I gave all the three notes into his excellency's hand, and likewile acquainted 
 him, that it vas Mr. Johnrtone's pleafure that the 100,000 rupees for hinifelf, and 
 50,000 for his brother, fhoxdd be paid fccretly from all the other gentlemen ; the note 
 for 475,000 rupees his excellency delivered with his own hand in prefcncc of all the four 
 gentlemen, to Mr. Johnftone, who at iirft refufed it, but at laft received it out of his 
 excellency's hand ; and laid, " What iliall the gentlemen ilo w'nh a bare note r" His 
 excellency delivered the note to me, antl tohl me. Do you pay all this money ; I ac- 
 cordingly tiid fo, agreeably to his excellency's orders. With regard to the gentleman's 
 aflertion, that the nabob gave the money of his own free will, in fuch cafe why did he 
 complain to you, Sir, that I had taken away the money belonging to his houfe, 
 and diftributed it amongfl the gcntlcnien ? Do you yourfelf judge I did nothing but obey 
 the orders of both fides ? My reprtfentations to his excellency were in confccpience of 
 the gentlemen's orders, and his excellency liimfelf alfo told me, that I mult do whatever 
 was their pleafure. 
 
 With regard to the notes I gave from myfelfl the amount thereof is 475,000 rupees, 
 Mootyram came to me, and told me, that 1 ought to make fome prelbnt lo Mr. 
 Johnftone, and the other gentlemen, from myfelf alfo. I fen.t a mefliige in an^ver 
 fuitable to my circumftances, but Mootyram returned and acquainted me, that tiie 
 gentlemen were not fatisfied, but were even offended witli me. Agreeably to their 
 pleafure, therefore, I gave notes for 475,000 rupees, one for 400,000 to be equally divided 
 between Meflrs, Johnftone, Senior, Middleton, and Leycefter, and one which the 
 other gentlemen knew nothing of (for 75,000 rupees) 50,000 for Mr. Johnftone, and 
 •25,000 for his brother. Of the above fum 225,000 rupees have been paid, 175,000 
 by five bills which you have feen, and 50,000 in readv money to Mr. Senior ; and there 
 is a balance due of 250,000 rupees, coo, 000 to Mr. Middleton, 50,000 to Mr. Senior, 
 50,000 to Mr. Johnftone, and 50,000 to Mr. Leyceftcr. I formerly fiiewed you copies 
 of the nabob's three notes, and now alfo 1 tranfmit you copies enclofed. My two 
 notes Mootyram received from me, and carried to Mr. Johnftone, in whofe hands I 
 imagine they now are. You will demand them from him and perufe them. \Vhat I 
 formerly rcprefcnted, and now again reprefent, deviates not a hair's breadth from the 
 truth. I then acquainted you fully with the particulars, and now I relate the fub- 
 ftance to you : this matter I have already written to the committee. 
 
 I arrived to-day, being Sunday, at Doudpoor, where I was honoured with your 
 letter; I fhall fet out to-night for Moorlhedabad, and have the honour of waiting on 
 Jiis excellency to-morrow. 
 
 A true tranflation. 
 *'^-'- Dated the 23d June 1765. George V^anfittart," 
 
 Pcrfian Traiillator. 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Cllve, Prefidcnt and Governor, 5cc. &.c. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 We now forward to you under cover our letter to general Carnac, and to-morrow 
 we fhall dilpatch the warrant for your lordfhip to hold courts martial. 
 
 The fccretary acijuaints us, that you approve the extraft fent you from the pro- 
 ceeding!, of the 21 ft ultimo. 
 
 We iliall therefore put an end to that tedious bufinefs the firft meeting of the 
 board, and open our next conuuittec with Maiiomcd Reza Cawn's letter to your 
 lordfliip, aod a few general remarks upon it, as it cannot with any propriety be entered 
 in the proceedings of the 21ft. 
 
 You may be allured, my lord, we fliall give the moft attentive perufal, a-; you 
 defire, to the proceedings of the court martial, of which your lordfliip will be able to 
 form a ftill more accurate judgement when you are incumji, and a witnels to many lead- 
 ing circumftanccs that cannot be exprcHed on paper. 
 
 Wc remain, with the wanneft fentiments of efteem. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 F^rt William, the ift July, 1765. ' Your Lordniiu's 
 
 Moft huml'lc Servants.
 
 A r P K K D I X. N<?. 84. 
 
 To Brigadier General John Carnac, CommauJcr in Cliief of the Army. 
 
 S I R, 
 
 Purfuant to our advices tranfmittcd to you the 20th, lord Clivc left this place the 
 25th ultimo, jiropofing to flop a day cr two at Moorfliedabad, and then to proceed 
 with all polliblc difpatch to the army, of which you will rclign the command to lii3 
 lordfhip immediately on his arrival. 
 
 We have veiled his lordfhip, in conjunflion with you, with full powers to negotiate 
 with Sujah Doulah and the country powers, and you will jjerccivc from the tcnOr of our 
 inftru(Elions, that our great aim is to obtain a lading and honourable peace, to rerive 
 our languifiiing commerce, to imprefs the natives with a fenfe of ourjufticc and mo- 
 deration, and to reduce thefc heavy military charges, which have hitherto rendered our 
 CMtrnordinary fucccls, and even the ccilion of rich provinces, fruitlcls to the company. 
 
 From the contents of your letter, under date the 7th ultimo, it appears to us, that 
 circuniftances of the highcll: importance muft daily occur, which it is abfolutely necef- 
 fary Ihould be communicated to the committer'. We are forry therefore to obfcrvc your 
 filencc at a critical juiiciure, wiien you mufl; be fcnfible that every article of intelligence 
 would enable us to judge more clearly, and ilctermine prccifcly on many points of which 
 we can now form only general and impcrfcft ideas. Wc carncftly recommend to you, 
 tiicrcfore, that you will omit no opportunity of writing to tlic committee until lord 
 Cli\c's arrival, and that you will then co-operate with liis lordfhip in purfulng fucli 
 incal'urcs, as Ihali a]>pcar neceflary to the company's welfare, and the happinefs of the 
 country. 
 
 Wc remain, with cftecm. 
 
 Fort William, the ifl July, 1765. S I R, 
 
 Your moft humble Servants. 
 
 To the Right Honourable T^ord Clive, Pfcfulcnr and Governor, &c. &c. Gentlemen of 
 
 the Sdeft (Jonmiittce. 
 
 My Lord, and Cjcntlcmcn, 
 
 I h:>\c been honoured with your letter of tlie 30th ultimo, and with a dupliaate 
 tturcof. 
 
 I am ihon>ii..rl)ly Iciiiible of, and truly thankful for, the attention you have been 
 pleated to Ihew mc, fo different from the lichaviour towards me of the late adminiftra- 
 tion. Tf I have cxprcficd mvfelf wirji too much warmth on occafion of their ill treat- 
 hient, I hope yovi will be kintl enough to make allowances for the repeated flights I had 
 received, and that you think thcv, in (omc mcalure, juftify my relcntmcnt. 
 
 As focn as I had tiifrulved the court martial, I judged it moft advifeable to make the 
 bcfl of my way to the king, w!io cliolc to halt at Manikpur, and there wait for me. 
 Accordingly I pufhed forwards, leaving Major Jennings to bring on the army by eafy 
 inarches. Sir Rolicrt Fletcher being Ibmewhat indifiTOfed, and bcir\g on that account 
 gone by water to Illahabad. i arrived here ycflerday, and immediately waited upon 
 his majcfly, who cxprell'ed much fatisfaftion at Sujah Doidah's being come in, and 
 confcfl he had no other expedient but by a reconciliation with him of maintaining him- 
 felf longer than while fupportcd by us. 1 am to prcfcnt Sujah Doulah to him to-mor- 
 row : 1 wait with the grcatcft impatience for your lordHiip's, ^c. Anfwcr to my addrcfs 
 of the 22d ultimo, being in hopes it will bring me fomc intimations whereby 1 may- 
 judge how far you arc willing to favour Sujah Doulah, and to fcrve me, as a foundation 
 to ])rocccd with the greatcft Confidence. 
 
 Hcfore I rroft the Ganges, Davm Char, the adopted fon of Akmud Ghan (B«ngyo), 
 waited ujion mc on the j).T/t of his father, and both Akmuil Chan liimfelf, and Hafez. 
 Rahmut, another confidcrahle Roiiyllhali Chief, flgnihed to me their dcfire of vifiting 
 mc ; but neitlier tlic fcafbn nor the bufinefs I was upon would admit of the lots of I'o 
 nuich time as would nccefiarily be taken up in receiving their vifit. 
 
 The |auts have been much alarmed by our entering the Sul>ah of Agra, antl liave 
 fct all their hands at work in fctting that, and the other ports in their pofleflion, in the 
 beil pofturc of delencc. 
 
 Our troops arc To exhaufled, and have fuffercd fo much from the cxccflive heat, as 
 to require being thrown into <|uarters of rel'relhment as foon as pofliblc ; 1 i>ropofc dil- 
 pofiiig the greater part of then» in the neighlxsurhooil of fumpur, within twenty Kols 
 of Benaras, which is reprefcntcd to me as an exceeding healthy fituation. 
 
 I am with rclped, my L(n-d, ami Gcnilcmcn, 
 Mnnvkpur, Your mofl humble Servant, 
 
 the 19th June, 1765. John Carnac. 
 
 To
 
 APPENDIX. N». 84: 
 
 To Brigadier General John Carnac, Commander in Chief of the Army. 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Your letter of the 19th, which we received yefterday, gave us great pkafure, by re- 
 moving the uneafmefs we found on account of your filence, at a time when your cor- 
 refpondence alone could afford any information on many important I'ubjcfts, which 
 necelTarily demand the attention of the felccl committee. 
 
 This occaiioned the paragraph in our letter to you the ift inftant, wherein we 
 requeft that you will write nioie frequently ; and alio acquaint you, that lord Clive 
 had left Calcutta the 25th ultimo, to take upon him the coiumand of tlie army, and 
 jointly with you to conclude a ilefinitive treaty of peace with Sujah Doulah. 
 
 Again we exhort you to co-operate heanily with his lordlhip in this necclTary and 
 falutary meafure, adhering as nearly as pollible to the preliminaries fpecified in our in- 
 flruftions. 
 
 We approve much of your refolution to put the army into quarters of refreflmient 
 after the fatigue of a long campaign, and wc I'ubinit intirely to you the choice of thofe 
 quarters, being with much cftecm, 
 
 SIR, 
 
 Your mod humble Servants. 
 Fort William, the 4tli July, 1 765. 
 
 7th July, 1765. At a Scle^ Committee, Prefenf, 
 
 W. B. Sumner, Efq; Prefident 
 Harry Verelft, Efq; 
 Francis Sykes, Efq; 
 
 Read, approved, and figned the proceedings of tlie 4th inftant 
 
 It appearing from the right honourable the prrfidcnt's letter, under date the 3d infiant, 
 that our plan, formed with a view of giving liability to the nabob's government, by 
 dividing the adminiftration equally between Mahomed Reza Cawn, Juggud Sect, and 
 Dulloobram, is in danger of being fubverted through the ambition of the latter, and 
 the exceffive moderation or timidity of the former. 
 
 And it likewife appearing to the committee of the lad importance to the company's 
 intercft to prevent any breach of the plan of the regulations for conducing the country 
 government, as entered in their proceedings of the 2ifl ultimo, to check the afpiring 
 views of Dulloobram, and to iupport and maintain each of the three minifters in the 
 precife (hare of authority allotted to him, without encreafe or diminution of the power 
 fpecified in the above-mentioned regulations. 
 
 Refolved, That as the bulinefs of the committee will ncceflarily be at a ftand until 
 Mr. Verelft returns from Burdwan, Mr. Sykes be appointed to rciide a few weeks at 
 the Durbar (but without injury or diminution of the weight and influence of the pre- 
 fcnt resident) in order that he may fupport the picfent cftablilhcd fyflem of adminiftra- 
 tion, and thereby obviate the bad confequences which may arife to the company from 
 any revolution in the government, at a junfture when the whole attention of the com- 
 mittee is employed on the means to fecure the future tranquility of the country, to re- 
 vive our commerce, to perpetuate our revenues, and to cftablilh the intereft of our em- 
 ployers on the moft folid and durable foundation. 
 
 Refolved, That in confideration of the low ilate of the treafury, tlie right honourable 
 the prefident be requefted to exert his intl.iencc in olnaining five or lix laaks of rupees 
 for the company, to anfwer immediate exigencies, until the revenues are brought into' 
 proper order. 
 
 Refolved alfo. That we acquaint Mr. Mlddleton, Mr, Sykes intends vifiting the Dur- 
 bar, to conduft fome bufinefs now under confideration of the committee, and dcfire that 
 he will aid and aflifl him, as far as in his power, in whatfoever he may require. 
 
 Agreed, That we write to Lord Clivc, to acquaint liim of Mr. Sykcs's appointment, 
 and that his letter to the committee, together witii tucir's to his lordfivip, and to Mr. 
 Middleton, be entered after the proceedings. 
 
 Agreed alfo, tint we drsw out inflruflions for Mr. Sykes, for the regulation of hi* 
 conduft at the Durbar. 
 
 This month's proceedings 
 examined by 
 
 Edward Baber, Sub-fecrclary. 
 
 William B. Sumner. 
 H. Vcr.-lll. 
 Fraacis Svkjs. 
 
 A. Letter
 
 A i* 1- It K U I X. NO. sa.: 
 
 A Letter fio:n tlie Ri2lu HonouiaMe Lord Clivc to the Members of the Sclea 
 
 Committee. 
 Gentlcmrn, 
 It is with pkafurc I can acquaint you, that the more I iVc of Mahomed Reza Cawn 
 the flronger is my convidion of his honour and moderation ; but at the lame time I 
 cannot help obferving, that either from timidity or fomc erroneous principle, he is too 
 ready to iuhmit to encroachments upon that jiroporiion of power in the "-overnment 
 which has been allotted him. 'When wc ell.'WilhcJ him and the other two minifters 
 wc intended, their departments being dillintt and kparate, that they fliould never inter- 
 fere with each otlicr's autiiority, but prefervc an equal Iway in the management of the 
 
 nabob's affairs. Roy DuUub, however, has already attempted to delhoy this balance 
 
 of power, and Mahomed Re/.a Cawn rather approves thnn rcfifts it; the appointment 
 of all the officers for colleding the revenues is grafpcd at by the one, and fubmitted 
 ro by the other. Tins is certainly lubverllve of our intentions, as it has a tendency to 
 inereafe the power of Roy DulUib, and diminilh that of Mahomed Rexa Cawn • and I 
 am of opinion, that if wc do not prtyeiu it, the government which wc fo dclibcratelv 
 planned for the honour and fecurity of the nabob will e'er long be difturbed by jcaloufies 
 difcord, and numerous other evils which generally prognofticate a revolution in this 
 country. An early appointment of a proper perfon to relide at the city, on the part o£ 
 the company, ieems to me to be the beft means of prcferving tranquility. Mr. Sykcs 
 is the gentleman we propofal fliould fill this employment as foon as it mtpht be 
 thought not improper for liiin to vacate his ibat in the committee. At prcfent to be 
 Itire he cannot be Iparcd, except for two or three weeks ; and as tlicre will probably be 
 a l'ufj)enfion of impc'ttant buiinefs in tlie committee till General Carnac and I fliall have 
 the liCnour of communicating to you our negociations with Sujah Doulah, I would pro- 
 pole that Mr. Sykcs fhouid, in the mean time, gd to Maxadavad, and remain there 
 about a fortnight, which, I apprehend, would effedually prevent any dilunion amone 
 the three minilters of flate, and over-awe tiiat encroachment of one of them wliicli I 
 lave reprefcnted, as they will then be thoroughly convinced of our refoluion to fupport: 
 the plan wc have formed. Mr. IMiddleton, I think, Ihould be given to underftand 
 that Mr. Sykes's vifit at the city wtll not he to his prejudice; and I make no doubt 
 he will be happy in the honourable and moderate condudt of his fucceffor • nor will 
 Mr. Sykcs wifli the company to be at any additional expence for fo fhort a refidence. 
 
 If wi;at I have propolcd Ihould incct with your approbation, I fliall be glad to find 
 It carried into execution as foon as polhblb. 
 
 1 have nothing farther to aild at juefent, than my afliirances of communicating to you 
 punftuatly, from time to time, luch of my iranl'aftions as I may judge worthy vouc 
 obfcrvation, and that I have the honour to be, with great efteciti, 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 Mutyjill, the 3d July, 1765. Your moft humble Servant, 
 
 Clivc, 
 To Samuel Middleton, Efq; Refideut at the Durbar. 
 SIR, 
 Having deputed Mr. Sykes to conduft certain affairs at the Durbar, now immediately 
 •under the confidcralioii of the committee, you arc not to regard his vifit as derogatino- 
 in the fmalleft degree irom the weight and inlluence it is propper you fhouid maintain as 
 public rtfuient from the board. 
 
 You will eafily fee tiie impropriety of charging any other tkan a member of the 
 committee with the management of bufinefs that has not yet been difclofed to the board, 
 which alone will fufficienlly point out our intentions. 
 
 As Mr. Sykcs lets out uii/)rovided of every thing neceffary to fupport the dignity of 
 a ileputy from the committee, you will pleafe to allill; him all in your power witii what- 
 ever he may require. A company of feapoys for his guard will be abfolutely neceffary, 
 
 Wc arc with great cftccm. Sir, 
 Fort William, the 7th Your moft humble Servants. 
 
 July, 1765. 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Clivc, Prefident and Governor, &c. &c. 
 
 T 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 Lad night wc were honoured with your letter of the 3d, and this morning a committee 
 met to dehberate on the imjiortant advices you were ])lealed to communicate. 
 
 We concur with your lorcilhip in o|)inioii, that it is of the utmoll confequcnce to the 
 company's intereft, to provide, by every means in our power, againft any change in 
 
 f the
 
 APPENDIX N''. 84. 
 
 the country government as now eftahlifhtiJ, and to fn]->port that equal partition of 
 power between Mahomed Reza Cawn, Doolubram, and Juggnt Sect, as lelblvcd in ouc 
 proceedings of the 21ft ultimo, every encroachment on the fhare ot authority ailigncd 
 to ^''ahomed Reza Cawn muft be checked in time, and his timidity and moderation 
 fuftained by our influence, in order to demonftrate that we are determined to fufFer no 
 violation of our regulations, nor of our agreement, which we regard as equally binding 
 on each of the three miniflcrs. 
 
 For this rcaibn we have requcfted of Mr. Sykes to proceed to the Durbar, and remain 
 there as long as he can poihbly be fpared from the bufinefs of the committee, that he may- 
 have an eye over the conducl of Doolubram, and penetrate whether his views extend to 
 the arrogating to himfelf a greater fhare ot power than we originally intended. This 
 talk Mr. Sykes has chcarfully accepted, without other confiderations than thofe of pro- 
 muting the publick intereft, and forwarding the meafurts of the committee, and that 
 Mr. Middlcton may not conceive himfelf injured by this appointment, we propofe t6 
 acquaint him by letter, that Mr. Sykes's vilit to the Durbar is intended merely to pro- 
 mote certain meafurcs now under deliberation in the committee, which cannot with any 
 propriety be truftcd in other hands. 
 
 The prefent ftate of the treafury requires, that we requcft of your lordfhip to exert 
 your influence in obtaining five or fix laaks of rupees tor the company, to anfvver im- 
 mediate exigences, Until their revenues are reduced into their proper order ; after which 
 we have the grcatcl't profpeft of being able to fupply every neceflity from our own col- 
 lections and duties; 
 
 We are farther to requcft of your lordfhip, that y6u livill direft Mr. George Vanfittart 
 to tranllate the late regulations of the government, (the original of which you have with 
 you), and tranfmit copies of the fame to us by the firft opportunity, it being neccflary 
 It fliould appear in our proccctlings. 
 
 We have the honour to be. 
 
 My lord, 
 Fort William, Your lordfhip's 
 
 the 7th July, 1765^ moft obedient, 
 
 and moft humble Servants* 
 
 To Francis Sykes, Efquire. 
 SIR, 
 
 Purfuant to cUr rcfolurions of the 7th inftant, we would recommend to you, that you 
 proceed with all convenient difpatch to the Durbar, and there fupport, with all the 
 mfluencc of the committee, thofe regulations which we lately made for the adminiftration 
 of the government. 
 
 It appears from lord Clive's letter, that dangerous encroachments arc defigned by 
 Doolubram on that balance of power, and partition of authority, which we judge ne- 
 cefTary to the fccu.ity vf the prefent eftablilhmcnt : he has already infringed on the 
 agreement with his colleagues, and exceeded the line we drew from the limitation of their 
 feveral authorities, by claiming to himfelf the right of nominating the officers of the 
 colleflions. Mahomed Heza. Cawn has yielded his point with fuch eafinels of difpofi- 
 tion, and apparent averfion to wliatcvcr can occafion diiputes, as will ferve rather to en- 
 courage than to moderate Doolubram's ambitien. 
 
 You are therefore to keep the moft watchful eye over this minifter, to check every 
 fymp;om of his alpirinj^ at a greater fliare of the adminiftration than we have allotted 
 him, -to convince him that we arc determined to fupport the prefent regulation of the 
 government, and that any tendency in his condnft to deviate from a meafure which 
 vve confider as effential to the due management of aff"airs, and the peace and happinels 
 of the country, will ncceffarily incur our difpkafure, and exclude him from the propor- 
 tion of power he now enjoy;. 
 
 We have already, in our letter of the 7th to lord Clive, and alfo in our proceeding 
 of that date, touched ujion the low condition of the treafury, requefting that his lord-s 
 fhiiJ will exert his influence in obtaining five or fix laaks of ruupees for the company, 
 to anfvver fuch exigencies as may occur before their revenues are reduced to the propoled 
 order. Should therefore our advices to his lordfliip have an-ived too late for him to 
 make the neccfl*ary application, we would recommend it to yeu, that you promote this 
 meafuie, in the name of the committee, with all your power and intcrell. 
 
 As thcfe are points of the utnioft confequence to the company, wc muft requeft that 
 you will maintain a confl.int correfpondcnce with lord Clive, and with us, during your 
 rcfidence at the Durbar, which we apprehend need not, at this junfture, exceed the 
 fpace of tiirec weeks or a month, when your prefence will be neceflary at the committee. 
 
 We (hall defire of Mr. Middlcton to aid and afllft you all in his power, in what- 
 ever you may require ; — ^and that he is to confider your vifit to the Durbar, as intended 
 only to conduft certain affair* now under confiJcration of the committee. 
 
 Your
 
 APPENDIX. N». 85: 
 
 Your •wn zeal for the publick good, and your prudence, will fufBcIefttly direft yott 
 how te aft in other particulars without further inftrufiions from us. 
 
 We remain, with great eftcem. 
 
 For William, S I R, 
 
 liic 7tli July, 1765. Your moft humble Servants, 
 
 No. 85. 
 
 h>rt iriUiam, the -jih June 1765. 
 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Right Honourable Robert Lord Clivc, Prefident, 
 William Brightwell Sumner, 
 Charles Stafford PlaydcU, 
 Harry Vcrclft, 
 John Jolmftone, 
 Francis Sykes, 
 Ralph Lcycefter, and 
 John Bu'.dctt, Efquires. 
 
 MR. Lcycefter, agreeably to his intimation at the laft meeting of the board, delivers 
 in the tirft following minute on the ftyle of the Nabob's letter to the fcleft com- 
 mittee, entered on their procectlings then perufed. 
 
 The Nabob's addiel's to the felect committee is a mod extraordinary produftion, whe- 
 ther the matter or ftylc of it be taken into confideration. It is an appeal to thefe Gentlc- 
 inen againft the conduft of a committee of the board, from whom, I luppofe, he would 
 have had redrefs, had he been able to iupport a complaint of this nature; but, fo far from 
 that, I believe he has repeatedly cxpreffed his content and fatisfaftion in many letters to 
 the governor. Whether I confidcr myfelf as a member of this board, or as a Gentleman, 
 lean by no means allow myfelf to be treated witli luch unbecoming language; nor will 
 the board themfclves, I prefumc, deem it decent to have nie termed the Vacqueel of Ma- 
 homed Reza Cawn, whilt I have been afting by ccmmiflion from the board; and I call on 
 you, Gentlemen, to do me juftice, and muft recjueft, before I even attempt a refutation of 
 the Nabob's aflertions, tliat you infift on apologies being made for the infult offered 
 tiiis board through me; your filence on fuch an occalion muft be interpreted into appro- 
 bation. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 Ralph Leycefteri 
 
 The board are, in confcqucnce, unanimoufly of opinion, that a letter ftiould be wrote 
 to the Nabob by the prefident, exprcfling, in the ftrongeft terms, the impropriety of his 
 ufing fuch a ftyle in any rcprefentation he might have occafion to make touching the con- 
 dud of the members of the board, which the prefident informs them he Ihall do acr. 
 ojvdingly. 
 
 And Mr. Leyceder thereupon enters the following further minutes m vindication of 
 his conduft, on the fubjeiSls of the Nabob's complaints. 
 
 The honourable motives on which I aftcd Muxadabad leave not a wifti to conceal any 
 part of my tranfaftions ; I have, however, one objeftion to entering on my defence, 
 though that fhall not prevent my attempt to vindicate myfelf to you, Gentlemen; but 
 1 think it merits confideration, how far it appears decent and proper to allow the conduft 
 of a commiuee, and of courfe the rcprefentatives of the whole board, to be thus arraigned 
 for tritnl'aclions whicli have not at the time been complained of. As my eommiflion ter- 
 minated a month and a half before the authority of that board expired which made my 
 appointment, I think an appeal fhould only have been made to thofc Gentlemen, fon 
 the conformity of my conduct to views which the prefcnt board cannot be fuch ample 
 judges of. And, that the Nabob and I may not go on in cndlefs contradi£lion of each 
 other, I be:; the matter may be put on fome certain iflue; and that, if the nabob's aftcr- 
 tions appear falfe, the hoard will determine what mcafurts to purfue, in order to prevent 
 in future fuch unwarrantable attacks, which every Gentleman muft othcrwilc be for ever 
 cxpolcd to, whofhnll be profecuting any views that may be injurious to a firft minifter or 
 favourite of the nabob. I was aware that if ever Nundcomar was able to influenee th« 
 nabob, he would urqc every thing which malice and viUany could invent, out of enmity 
 to me for tl'C (hare 1 had in his removal. I am forry to fee the nabob begin his govern- 
 ment with a proceeding that muft create fo much uneafincfs and jealouly between him and 
 fome mtmbers of the council, and which muft, in a mnnner, deftroy all confidence and 
 cordiality between tliem ; but as the particukir dii'plcafurc cxpreffed againft mc by the 
 
 nabob
 
 A P P £ N D i .\. N°. 85: 
 
 nabob has folely been incurred by a fteady purfuit of the company's welfare, it fliaTl noi 
 give me much pain; for I am fenfible their intercft would have been i'acriiiced, liad \vt 
 attended to each idle and evalive argument with which Nundcomar took care from time to 
 time to fupply him. But to reply mere particularly to the nabob's charge : 
 
 Letters of condolance had been wrote from the Governor on his father's death : and tht 
 firft half hour of our firft interview was employed in compliments of one kind or otiicr. 
 We then acquainted the nabob we had feme private bufinefs with him, and requclKd he 
 would order his attendants to retire, and that his brother, being young, miglit do th.e 
 fame, whicii he complied with without reluftance. Mahomed Reza Cawn had already 
 been ordered down from Decca by the board; but it might appear as mucli as pofliblc the 
 nabob's own aft, he was alio defired to fend a like order. He, or rather Nundcomar, 
 were guilty of a fhameful impofition on our rcfidant at the Durbar, on whofc applicjtion, 
 the nabob told him, orders to that efFeft fhould be font, but tranlinitted orders dircdily 
 contrary. This was an apparent breach of confidence. Mahomed Reza Cawn had 
 however let out, and tht- nabob was prevailed on by us to fend his Perwannah for that 
 purpofe. When he had fubfcribed to the treaty, he was aflced, when he chofe to be 
 feated on the Mu(hnu.l ; then, or when Mahomed Reza Cawn arrived ? He chofe the 
 latter, willing, and I believe altogether, to defer it, in daily hopes of receiving funnuds 
 from the k.ir.£;, from which authority he rather wiihed to hold his government. 'I he 
 morning before we went to the ICellah, we acquainted the nabob, that as wc had par- 
 ticular bufinefs to tranfa£f with him, it would be advifeable that he ihould receive us 
 in a private apartment, and not in the Dewan Connah; and that no luiftakc might 
 happen in tliis meifage, it was committed to writing ; nor did I ever fee the nabob, 
 except the day he was feated on the Muflinud, in any other apartment than that in 
 vhich he firft received uf. It is abfolutcly falfe, that he was told not to iit in his 
 Dewan Connah till i\4a';omc! Reza Gawn's arrival; that he muft live in the place hi; 
 was ; or ti'. t h ■ muft put a ftop to all bufinefs. Mahomed Reza Cawn, I think, arrived 
 the third day after our uvA vilit. 
 
 We found that pe pie aboat the nabob had endeavoured to infpire him with a fufpi- 
 cion cf our dcfigiiing to feat Mahoiiied Reza Cawn on the Mulhnud ; but when wc 
 pointed out to him the improbability of fuch intent, and how needlefs our prefent 
 declarations in his favour were, had we any fuch view, he feemed fatisficd, and called 
 on us to pledge our honour to the performance of tlie treaty, which lie read over two 
 or three times. He endeavoured to evade coming to any point, wanted to confult 
 Nundcomar, and to have him to bring the paper of advice ot his deceafed father. We 
 Icnew this was only to gain time, and that a delay would only increa'c every difficulty 
 we had to contentl with. \Ve replied we came not to treat with Nundcomar, bu"- with 
 him ; that the council and the Englifh were heartily inclined to his intercft ; and that 
 he fliould only confuler them as his frxnds and proteftors. I do not recoUeft the ufe of 
 thofe words about the paper of advice; but probably he was told it was hiiibeft part to 
 aft conformably to the council's fcntiments, fully exprefl'ed in the treaty. After dif- 
 cuflin^ over every article of the treaty three or four times, and taking pains to make 
 liim underftand it, we preflcd his acceptance, and fecmingly fatisfied his principal ob- 
 jcftion ; ftill he dcfircd to have Nundcomar's opinion, but when we faw he had beca 
 tutored to ciO nothing without his concurrence, and that he was fure to encourage the 
 nabob to the warmcft oppofition, we pointed out to him the neccifity of his complying 
 with the rcfolutions of liic board, and that we could not acknowledge him as Soubah 
 till he had promifcd his slfcnt. I'his was not, I believe, told him in the terms he has 
 lifcd, though it was my llrm opinion, and I believe it was the board's, that he ought 
 never to be acknowledged on any terms th.at fliould ftill leave the fole power in the hands 
 of Nundcomar, whole ch:u-after was even then at Icaft a very doubtful one. He fpokc 
 at that time vcrv liandfbmely of Mahomed Reza Cawn, and only mentioned what he 
 fays about the 6acca colleft ions : he at laft promifcd his compliance. Nundcomar and 
 others were called in, and upon their beginning to ftart objeftions, tljey were told, we 
 were not come to receive their opinion, but to negotiate with the nabob. Some one, 
 1 forget who, propofcd that the treaty with his father fhould be fent for. Some of us 
 remarked it was unnecelfary, as the additional articles had been particularly pointed 
 out; however, the treaty was brought. When it was frft called for, we were told, a 
 Faquir had the treaty, wiio was fitting upon a Mir Jatticr's tomb fomc miles from tlic 
 Kellah ; but upon finding fuch cvafions would not avail, itM-as jirefcntly produced. Na 
 Moonfliy was turned out as mentioned by the nabob, though one was checked for offer- 
 ing his fcntiments and objcftions. 
 
 He then goes on to fay, Mahomed Reza Cawn has t^kcn twenty laaks out of his trea- 
 fury and dl'ftributcd it without his knowledge for fecuring his naibfliip: this is a inoft 
 fhameful infmuation, and appears fo indireftly levelled at thofe who fupported tliis mea- 
 fure, that I muft take notice of it, though done, I believe, folely witJi a view to injure 
 
 Mahomed
 
 A P P E N D I X N^ g^: 
 
 ^lahomeJ Re^a Cawn. The opinion, I entertain of Mahomed Reza C?.\<?n'» itn'dcrfland- 
 ing and integrity inclines me to believi; tliis a fjioundlefs aflcrtion. If he has done fo, 
 1 will allow I have miftaken his charaftcr ; and I can declare, and am ready to declare- 
 on oath, that I have never received a finale rupee from Mahomed Reza Cawn. The 
 other retleftion! thrown out on Mahomed Re/aCawn, he will, I hope, be able to clear 
 vp to the board's fatisfaftioh ; and if we coufider the ftrugglc the nabob has made to 
 have that villian Nundcomar ftill about him, no maa will be furprifcd at the attack oa 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn, or thofe who promoted him; and when all circumftanccs arc 
 taken into view, I can only be amazed to find fuch a Iteming degree of credit given to 
 the nabob's afferiions, which, I think, mud appear to every unprejudiced pcrfon the 
 performance of NLindcomar, who has fuch an Inllucnce over the nabob, as to make him 
 believe all thofe enemies to himfelf who have been concerned in his removal. Though 
 four gentlemen were appointed on the deputation, and concurred in every meafurc, 
 Mr. Johnfton and I only are named, Mr. Johnfton we are told was fuppofcd to be pri- 
 vioully at enmity with Nundcomar -, and I, who never, but the day I took my leave, 
 faw the nabob, except in the piefence of Meflrs. Johnfton, Senior, and Middleton, am 
 particularly attacked, by rea!on, I fuppofc of my repeated refufal of large offers 
 made me by Nundromar for fupport, and on account of what immediately fol- 
 lowed regarding Nundcomar when I returned to the board ; I am fully ptrfuaded that 
 Nundcomar is the folc author of this addrefs from the nabob ; and am, I confcfs, very- 
 much provoked to tl.ink that that villain fhall entertain a momentary hope of gratify- 
 ing his refentment by urging the nabob to this attack, for from himfelf I am poUtivc 
 it could not have proceeded. All the difficulties and all the uncafinefs we had in exe- 
 cuting our commilfion at the city, proceeded from Nundcomar and his creatures, as v,"t 
 repeatedly informed the board. The nabob of himfelf made but weak objeftions, and 
 fuch feemed removed by the arguments we ufed, till he was again tutored by Nund- 
 comar, when he would as flatly contradift himfelf as a man poflibly could ; he com- 
 plained to the board very bitterly of our proceedings about Nundcomar, w'hen we were 
 ordered to fend him down ; relates a long hiftory, which he the day before declared 
 lie had never heard of, and alledges that we obliged him to fign fuch a paper as we 
 thought proper. This was Nundcomar's laft ftruggle, at leaft it would have been the 
 laft, had not he shd the nabot been taught to expeiS an intire change upon the arrival 
 of lord Clivc and the committee. As the nabob had confidence enough to exclaim. 
 JUainft us to the bfard in fuch terms, why failed he to add what he now urges ? the 
 paper he fays we fo."-i.ed from him regarded only Ndndcomar* I am firmly perfuaded that 
 the fame influence, which has on feveral occafiuns led the nabob into the moft palpable 
 contradiflidns, has now urged him to thefc fliameful infmuations, in hopes of aflifting 
 Nundcomar by this atrack on thofe who ]5'romoted his removal. No conlrdence can be 
 laced in his word and promifc fo long as Nundcomar or his creatures have accefs to 
 im ; and I am fatisfied if they were removed he would foon refleft on the impropriety 
 of his prefent conduft, and repent of it. 
 
 I admit the nabob was at firfc mvch averfe to the appointments ihe boatd had made ; 
 whence arofe it ? From the inflnuations of Nundcomar, as I before faid, that we really- 
 meant to place Mahomed Reza Caw-n on the Mufhnud; when he was convinced of ouc 
 real defign, and had engaged us to pledge our honours to the performance of the treaty, 
 he appeared more fatisfied, and would I believe have remained fo, had he not been en- 
 couraged to expieil the releafe and reinflatement of Nundcomar on lord Clive's arrival. 
 And if we were neceflitated to urge fome points in terms we would wifh to have avoided, 
 we were drove to it by the oppofition we ihet with from Nundcomar and his adherents. 
 It was oui defire and our aim to treat the nabob with a becoming refpeft ; but the flrug- 
 gles of thofe people to thwart every m(^fure the board liad rcccmm:ndcd, obliged u* 
 now and then to cnfoioe them in more potitivc tcirris, arid to explain to tliem the mif- 
 chief^ they would unavoidably draw u|)on tliemfclves by fuch a procedure, and how evi- 
 dently they were fairificing the nabolj's welfare to their private views. I always 
 efteemed it a conteft with the nabob's olficers, not with him ; the executing (he fervice 
 we were fent on alone engaged us in many difagreeablc altercatiorrs; and I am' per- 
 fuaded had we been Ic.'s earnell it would not have been accomplilhcd. 
 
 The company have by this trea'y an additional income coufinried to them of fixty 
 laaks of rupees per araiuin, have the whole milit:iry force of the province in their own 
 hands, and have obtained liic [lowcr of interfering more or Icfs in the affairs of govern- 
 ment, and nomination of its ollicers, as circumflances may render nccclTary for their 
 welfare and fucccfs : more they can fcarce wifh ; and in my opinion a Icfs influence could 
 not have been infiflcd on witliDUt a facrifice of their intcrcft, had Na-zcni o Dowla been 
 once acknowledged by the board Soubah, on the terms of, 6r without any additional 
 articles to, his fatlicr's treaty, neither julticc nor honour could have afterwards war- 
 ranted our impofing on him any other teinis; but when the government was become 
 vacant, which could i/nly be Ucurcd to Nazcm o Dowla by the po\vcr of the company's 
 
 % forcc^ 
 
 I
 
 APPENDIX. N». 85. 
 
 force, we had a right to prefcribe fuch condition for that fupport as fcemcd uioft con- 
 ducive to their welfare, on which the nabob's indeed does how lb intiinatcly ilepcnd ; 
 where no public treaties of promifes are infringed, no tie, no regard to Mir Jaflier's fa- 
 mily can ftand in competition with their intcrcfts ; and I eftei m myfelf happy in having 
 had a Ihare in confirming to the company fuch defirablc benefits. 
 
 R. Lcyceflcr. 
 
 The prefiJent now informs the board, that he fummoncd their meeting to-day in 
 order to lay before tlxeni an extraft of the proceedings of a feleft committee licld the 
 ji6th inftant, in confcquence of the refolution record in their laft, communicated to the 
 toard, which he docs accordingly, and the fame having been pcrufed is returned to liim. 
 
 Some I'ehatc paffing thereupon, on the fubjeft of receiving prefents from government 
 and tl'C officers of it ; 
 
 Mr. Johnion defires the queftion, whether the acceptance of all prefents is improper ? 
 mgy be put feverally to the members of the board for their opinions. 
 
 The fame being put accordingly ; 
 
 Mr. Burdett is of opinion, That fuch prefents may be received or not, according 
 to the particular circumflances. That the nabob has a right to difpofe of his own pro- 
 perty ; and that the prefents on the occafion in queftion might with great propriety 
 be received. 
 
 Mr. Leycefler, That where they are not the price of fervices they may very pro- 
 perly be received. 
 
 Mr. Sykes, Tliat prefents at all times from the nabob or his officers are very improper, 
 as tending to the prejudices of the company's intcrcfts. 
 
 Mr. Jolmfton minutes it as liis opinion, That where they arc not tlie price of un- 
 worthy fervices, and no truft is betrayed for the acceptance of tliem, is no way impro- 
 per ; and in the prefent cafe, as beiiig previous to the execution of the deed of covenant, 
 as warrantable as in time paft, by any who have received them. 
 
 Mr, Verelft is of opinion. That the receiving of prefents at a time the board arc 
 doing their duty in fupporting the government, and in the intereft of the company, is 
 highly improper, and the more fo in the prefent inftance, fince he is informed that the 
 company's orders .nnd covenants were arrived in Calcutta before the tender of them. 
 
 Mr. Playdell agrees in the opinion given by Mr. Leycefter. 
 
 Mr. Sianner is of opinion that the acceptance of prefents after the receipt of the com- 
 pany's orders to the contrary, and the covenants, was very improper. 
 The prcfident's. 
 
 That no jirefents wliatever ought to have been accepted after the receipt of the cove- 
 nants, except in the manner fpecified therein. 
 
 Fort IFilllamy the nth June, I'jbS- 
 
 Mr. Leyccflef now delivers in tlie following minute on fubjeft of the laft feleft com- 
 mittee proceedings perufcd at the Ijoard. 
 
 ^ hea tlie company's interett we-e altogether fecured, and the orders of the board fully- 
 executed, it is very true that I accepted of a prefent from the nabob ; I never niaile a 
 fecret of it, as the cuftom of this country on fuch occafions, well known to every 
 body, fan£\ifics the acceptance ; and wliere prefents have not been efteemed the price 
 of improper fervice<;, I never lieard a reflection caft on thofe who did receive them. I 
 went up to the city without the thought of any private emolument, prefuming the be- 
 nefit I had to infift on for the company would render me too obnoxious to be conii- 
 dercd as others have been on like occafions; many have felt the benefits of fuch a 
 cuftom., aitd when I'had done my duty to the company, I thought myfelf at liberty to,, 
 accept a prefent from the nabob, whicli I am confident can in no fliape prove injurious 
 to the company ; whilfc the fettlement of tlie government was under confideration, I 
 declined every overture that was made ; many knew that fuch were niatle in Calcutta, 
 and honourably rtfufed. Mr. Spencer, though he afterwards accepted an offer of two 
 hicks from the nabob, refufcd a previous one of eleven lacks ; this offer alone confider- 
 ably exceeded the wliole of what the nabob afterwards gave, and might have been re- 
 ceived by Mr. Spencer, could he have been brought to think it cruTfil'lcnt with the 
 intereft of tlio company to have deferred for a Ihort time the fettlement of tlie govern- 
 ment affairs. The man who came down from the city to make this offer to Mr. Spencer, 
 waited alfo on me with t!ie fame intent; he told me he had particular buflnefs, and de- 
 fircd me to allow his coming tome in a more private manner, which I declined, as I 
 knew his eriand, and was refolved not to accept any offer he could make. Again, 
 while I was at the citv, offers were repeatedly made me from Nundcomar on the part of 
 the nabob, as woll as of himfelf, which I as oft refufcd; and as I gave no encourage- 
 ment
 
 APPENDIX NO. 8/;. 
 
 ment to Aich iwciTa^cs no particular fums were named, but it was faid tTiCy fhoTild bs 
 fuch as would fully latisfy; me, if I would but ende;ivour to keep things in the ftate they 
 were. And it it certain, if vrc had fet quiet in Calcutta immenfc fortunes might have 
 been made, couKl we have brought ourlelvcs to accept them on fuch terms. 
 
 All previous oiFers having been thus refufcd, it was intimated to Mahomed Reza Cawn, 
 ■when ihe bufmcfs was all fettled, that he miglit hint to the nabob, that our former ob- 
 jeftions no longer fubfifiing, we were ready to receive any marks of his favour, as the 
 nabob's previous offers were a proof of his intent to make prefents. Thefe intimations 
 did not fecm improper; I know of no argumen';': being ^ifcd to make Mahomed Reza 
 Cawn think he would have offended us by dcLlining this; and, if I recolleft Tight, he 
 told tts the firft motion came from the nabob ; v/hcn the paper was prefented by the 
 nabob, we more tban once told him we wanted no fuch offer if it was not entirely 
 •with his own inclination, which he repeatedly aliiirccl us it was; and I am confident the 
 gifts to us were the real confequcnce of cuftom on like occuiions. 
 
 Maliomed Reza Cawn made the offer he fpeaks of, but I did not know that the argu- 
 ments he mentions were made ufe of to him ; when every thing which regarded Ma- 
 iomed Reza Cawn .ippcarcd fettled, I thought there could be no impropriety in mir 
 acceptance of his offers; but afterwards, when I recoUefted that his appointment mighc 
 one day or other become a m«tter of conteft, I refolved not to give the fmalleft roon^ 
 for any imputation of my being impioperly influenced, and therefore declined accepting 
 a bill of fifty thoufaiid rupees which he fent m.e down ; I never took it into my pof- 
 fefhon, and as a proof that I did not intend it, I fubfcribed to the covenants while I 
 had )b large a fum in my power ; and T could produce letters in tcftimony of my refo- 
 lution not lo receive it; if Maliomcd Reza Cawn has not been properly advifed of thi<i 
 my refolution, it has not been owing to any miflake of mine. As to Juggnt Seat's, I 
 fay that before I left Muxadavid it had been intimated that he was dcfirous 
 of m;iking a prcfcnt, and that liis father had made prefents on like occafions witl* 
 a view to raife the credit of his houfe. We had treated Juggut Scat with parti- 
 cular refpeft and civility, but I fsw no reafon for fuch offers ; I always underftood they 
 came firft from him, arid am totally ignorant of the arguments he mentions having 
 been ufed to induce him to mrkc them. This I know of Juggut Seat's offer, when i 
 returned to Calcutta, and ten thoufand rupees for his houfe was afterwards received on 
 my account ; it has ah\sys been my opmion, that in a country not under the moffc 
 abfolutc tyranny, every man's property was at his own difpofal, and every one 
 was at liberty to accept wliat was offered without fear 6r compulfion, the fame: 
 not being a confidcration for improper fervices : the adopting oipolite maxims 
 is contrary to the known praHice of thofe who have gone before us ; and thougli 
 abfolute orders, with a penalty annexed, may make the receiving the prefentss 
 improper and inconvenientj vet they cannot alter the rcftitude of the acl itfelf; 
 and I will venture to appeal to the common (entiments of mankind, which I am pcr- 
 fuaded will condemn that man as a very abfurd one, who, having an opportunity o£ 
 olnaining a comfortable maintenance for no difhonourable facrificc, fhould decline the 
 occafion. 
 
 However, I do not fee with what candour or propriety any body can enquire into a 
 circumftance of this kind ; if jugcut Seat had been oppreffed, he knew, or fhould be 
 told, that his appeal was to the board. It does not appear he of himfelf made any fuch 
 complaint; if leading queflions were put, they were improper, he would from thence 
 difcovcr that fuch an intimation of what he gave would be agreeable ; and I would be 
 glad to know if he was not called on to commit thcfc circumflances in writing. 
 
 I think the committee did only their duty in laying before the board the nabob's ad- 
 drefs to them, but that the fubfequent mcafures fliould have been taken in the prefcnce 
 of and with the concurrence of the boar'l. The committee fummoning any perfons before 
 them to impeach the members of this board, is in my opinion extremely improper. 
 
 If any intereft of the company has been facrificed to private views, it is incumbent on 
 every good fervant to point out fuch mifconduft ; but where prefents have not been 
 accepted for any fuch facrifice, I am furc it is doing the company no fervice to be 
 making fucli minute refearclies into occurrences of this kind, unlefs complaints of op- 
 prcflion are firft made, and then the enquiry fliould be as free and open as poffible. 
 
 It is true that the covenants had arrived before tlicfc prefents were accepted, which 
 the then governor and council, for reafons they would have aihgncd to the company, 
 thought proper to defer putting in force. Many inflanccs of a like deviation may bo 
 quoted without incurring the'cilfpleafure of our honourable mafters, as I trufl will be 
 the prefent cafe. 
 
 Smce the contefls which have prevailed amongfl the proprietors at home, the orders 
 from the court of dirc'^^ors have been fo fiui^uating, that it has really been difficult to 
 collef* the (entiments t.iat were to guide our conduct abroad. 
 
 It
 
 A P P E V D I X. N«. 8 
 
 O' 
 
 It has been intimated that the covenants were rather the efFeft of party, than the cool 
 fentin ents of our inafters ; and I have heard it was probable, parties would unite in 
 abolifhing covei ants, that could only injure individuals, and do the company no fcrvlcc. 
 And indeed had thefe been executed without afluranccs of the inland trade heinq put 
 on a proper footing, no man could have honeftly got a competence in their fcrvice ; a. 
 ilrid oblervancc of tlic order about the inland trade had very materially injured many of 
 our fortunes, and that even at a time when the orders were repeated. We riiic;ht as 
 well expefl tlie abolifhing the covenants; and why, in a fecond inftance, were we to lay 
 ijurfelves under rLllrlftions unknown to any of our predeceflbrs, at a time when it was 
 pofhble the very ordi.rs for that purpofc were revoked. I urge thefe as arguments which 
 probably might induce the then governor and council not to inforce the covenants, anil 
 in oppoiition to the ftrefs which fome members of the board lay on t!ic fupj)ofcd 
 breach of tliofc orders ; had the authority then fubfifiing thought proper to put them 
 5n force, obedience would have been my part; and I believe though the company's 
 orders about the inland trade and tafFals, were well known to the fervants, that no 
 individual judged them obligatory on himfelf till tlie board's orders in confei^ucnce 
 »vere iffued 
 
 When the naboh complained of the proceedings of the deputation of this board, it 
 ■was very i)r()per his letter to the committee fliould be laid before the board ; and rhc 
 nabob ihoulJ at the fame time have been informed, that the power of cenfuring the 
 members of this board rcfted only with the prelident and council, from whom wc raiglic 
 expe£l all poihble proteftion and redrefs. 
 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn Ihould have been exanjined in prefence of the board only, on 
 the nabot)'s chirgc of his having diflributed, unknown to him, twenty laaks for the 
 purc'iale of his picl'ent employ. 
 
 Beyond the c'large that tnere was made, nothing fhould have been fought for or en- 
 quired into. Mahomed Reza Cawn had been led to the mention of circumfiances lie 
 would wifli to have coi cealed, and as well as I can recolleft or know, has been mif- 
 taken in part of his detail. V^ here charges arc made, juftice to the accufed and accufcr 
 demands an examination ; but it ftiould not be the bufinefs of any perfon to be feeking 
 occafipns of tliis kind. 
 
 On the whole, if I have received prefents, I have facrificed no intercfts of the com- 
 pany's in order to obtain them ; the prefents that were made me, I conceived to be 
 willingly and voluntarily made; if it has been otherwife, the firft injury has been done 
 me in not making it known to me. My declining to receive the fifty thoufand 
 rupees fent by Mahomed Reza Cawn, from a determination not to give the leaft 
 room to fuppofe me in properly influenced, and my refufal of repeated offers made 
 through Nundcomar, are very ftrong prefumptive proofs, that I would not benefit my 
 fortune by any means that I thought could pofEbly be deemed improper. 
 
 R. Lcyccflcr., 
 
 Fori lyilliam, the i-jth June, 1765. 
 
 Mr. Leycefter delivers in the following further minute on the proceedings of the felcft 
 conimittee of the 7th and 8th inftant. 
 
 The proceedings of the fele£l committee of the 7th, wherein the evidence of one 
 Mootyran\ is recited, would feem to imply a fuppofcd coliufion in my refufal of Ma- 
 homed Reza Cawn's bill for Rs. 50,000, which obliges me to remark further, that E 
 firmly believe the man was never authorifed to deliver the meflagc mentioned, but to 
 return the bill unconditionally into the hands of Mahomed Reza Cawn. Notl-.ing ever 
 pafled between me and Mootyram, Bufluntroy, or any of his people, on the fubjeft of 
 this bill ; but I did imagine it had been received back by Mahomed Reza Cawn. 
 
 No fuch converfation as mentioned in Mahomed Reza Cawn's narrative, No. i, ever 
 pafled in my prefence. I have already declared inyfelf ignorant of the arguments related 
 in Mahomed Reza Cawn's narrative. No. 2, having been ufed to induce him to make 
 prefents. I always believed his offer came firft from himfelf; but as much ftrefs feems 
 laid on the bill's having been tendered by Mootyram the day before this narrative was 
 laid before the board, I muft obferve that I know not of fuch bills having been iflhed 
 by Mahomed Reza Cawn till the fifth May ; that on the 9th I figned the covenant^, 
 and on the 15th I wrote to a gentleman at Coffimbuzar, that if the wiiole of the nabob's^ 
 offer had not been paid, none was to have been received after that day, a proof tint t . 
 would not have l)een guilty of a breach of them; and it is evident 1 liad not received ' 
 the bill in queftion. On the 22d, I wrote to the fame gentleman in the following 
 words: 
 
 You know the objeftions I made at Muxadabah to receive a prefent from the quarter 
 you aieniion ; they appear as ftrong as ever ; for tJiough it would not in the lealt bias 
 
 HIV
 
 APPENDIX. N«. 85. 
 
 my conduft, I wo\ild not put it in any body's power to fuppofc a view to it could haVe 
 had influence in the choice of Mahomed Reza Cawn, whole abilities and charaftcr were 
 my fole inducement for wifhing to have fo large a fhare of the government under him. 
 Tiic draft you mention was fent down ; but I decline the acceptance of it, though f 
 have yet been filent to Mahomed Reza Cawn, left he (hould apprehend, from my rc- 
 fuial at this time, a refolution to forfake him, as is a common notion in this country. I 
 have not a tliought, however, to accept it. 
 
 I'iie bill had never been put into my hands, nor in the hands of any of my people. 
 The perfon who acquainted me that Moutyram had fuch, was defircd to diredt him to 
 return them ; and, as I never heard more of them, I did believe Mahomed Reza Cawn 
 had pofieflion of tliem, till his narrative was laid before the board. 
 
 I muft particularly remark on the minute entered on clofe of the committee proceed- 
 ings of the by delire of Mahomed Reza Cawn, That I never heard 
 him mention a fyllable about a prcfent from himfelf ; that I never knew he alked if the 
 prtl'ent he propoled was to be a general affair, or if the other gentlemen of council were 
 to have a lliare ; or that he was anfwcred. This muft be for us ; let them look, to them- 
 felves. He fays the deputies made this reply ; I declare, I never knew of fuch qucftion, 
 or fuch reply. 
 
 I had heard the nabob intended prefents ; but I knew not the fum allotted me till Ma-' 
 homed Reza Cawn prefented the paper, by order of the nabob, who, I conceived, had- 
 himfelf afligned that particular fum. v/.^.c 
 
 There is no one circuniftance colledled through the whole of their inquiries, which I 
 know of, that I would not have communicated, had I been properly called on j and 
 tliough the difagreeable terms, in which it has been endeavoured to difclofc the fccret 
 of the:c prelents, of which no fecret was made, has obliged me to infift particularly on 
 my declining to accept Mahomed Reza Cawn's bill, yet, confidering the manner and 
 time it was offered to me, I fhould not have thought the icceptance any ways dif- 
 honourable. 
 
 As nothing pafTed perfortally bervveen me and the Scats, fo as to make me quite polT- 
 ti"e that the prcfent he made was with his own inclinations, though I never before had 
 a doubt of it; and as the meflagcs laid to be delivered by Mootyrata implies fome un- 
 mliingntTs on his part; I acquaint the board, that my intention was, to order back to 
 tiie Scat's houie what Was thence received on my account, and am ready to make oath 
 tliat I was totally ignorant of the meflage faid to be delivered to the Seats on this fubjeft. 
 
 The declarations I have already made, touching this matter, and my declining to 
 s.ccpt Mahomed Reza Cawn's bill for 50.000 rupees, which I might, if I had chofe, 
 been this moment in poffeflion of, will, I fliall prefume, fufficicatly evmce the reftitude 
 of my intentions through the whole of this tranfaftion. 
 
 R. Leycefter. 
 
 Mclfrs. Playdell and Gray alfo enter the following minutes on the whole of the. pro- 
 ceedings on the fame lubjeft. ~q . .. ; 
 
 (Jbferving my name inferted, with other gcntlemcns, in a paper laid before the board 
 the 7th inftant, containing a lift of feveral fums ot money ilie nabob com])lains have 
 been dillributed by Mahomed Reza Cawn without his knowledge amongft different gen- 
 tlemen, as I am entirely ignorant of fuch unjull meifurcs having been taken, and cannot 
 fuj'pofe it to be true, i dcfire to vindicate my own character, and clear myfelf of 
 fuch an allegation, by declaring I knew nothi.ig of tlie matter until informed by a 
 gentleman of the board, that it was the nabob's intentions to make tlie council a prc- 
 Icnt; and, as I underftood this was entirely the free will of the nabob, 1, on tlut ac- 
 count, received what was i'cnt me, I knowing it to be on no other fooiiiig wliatcver. 
 
 Cs. Sd. Playdell. 
 
 Mr. Cray's name being infcrted in the paper lai>l before the board by the prefidenr, 
 on the 71I1 inftant, relative to prelents from tlic nabob, he foltmnly declares, that no 
 requeft or folicitation was made on his part to obtain any prefcnt or gratification what- 
 ever; nor was lie informed that a prcfent was intended, till it was ailually ten ,'cred. 
 He further affures the board, he would not ha\c accejiied of it, had he not been fully 
 fatisficd it flowed from the nabob's free inclination. He knew not of, and never fhould 
 h.ivt: confcntcil to liave ufed perfualion, far kl"> threats, to obtain prelents from any 
 pcrlon, and lie has all along entertained too good an opinion of tlie members of 
 this board, to fuppofe any of them capalile of luch an underhand proceeding. However, 
 if a'leoations of this nature are laid to the charge of any, they cannot atlcrt thofc gcn- 
 tlcn en who, lieing in Calcutta, could have no oppoitur.ity of ufmg improper means to' 
 acquire pr.Cents ; and tliat they did not, appears veiy evidently from what Mahomed 
 Rf/a Cawn obl'erves in the latter part of his declaration to the fclcft committee. 
 
 b Ir
 
 Appendix n». 85. 
 
 It can never be thought, that for this gratification, he gave up a fingle advantatcc ho 
 could have acquired for the honourable company. He was a member of that boarj \\]iu 
 procured an additional yearly reyenue of eighty laaks of rupees to the pofiliiioiis tlicv 
 held before; making, with thefe, in all, at leiift one million eight hundred tlioulari'd »;" 
 
 pouiids fterl. per annum. Had the gentlemen of council been dilpofed to (pare the jj 
 
 nabob in his affignments, he would have given them much larger fums, and no complaints 
 would have made their appearance. 
 
 Certain, therefore, that what he received was the effeft of the nabob's free will, he 
 pcfceiveJ no impropriety in benefiting by his Excellency's bounty, on an ot.calion where 
 former precedents have warranted the acceptance, and where hii confcieni.e could not 
 tax him with the fmallcft breach of the truft repofcd in him by his employers. It is 
 true, the covenants had come to hand fome time before Mr. Gray's arrival fio.n Maulda ; 
 but they had not been executed by any of the board, all of whom concurred in deeming 
 them tlie greateft fevciity the honourable company could impofe on their fervants, and 
 agreed to write home a remonftrance to our employers, fetting forth the particular liard- 
 fhip, not doubting but, on a due rcprefentation, they would repeal them; This thtrv 
 were encouraged to hope from fevcral inftances of orders detrimental to the compaiu's 
 fervants having been reverfed on a proper application. However, the attention of the 
 board being deeply engaged on the tranfadions fnbfequent to the late nabob's death, the 
 taking tlie covenants into cottfideration was poftponed, and never refumed till Lord Clivc's 
 arrival. Mr. Gray confidcred the covenants as meant to be a check upon fraud, or 
 rendering the government ferviccs with a view of fome pecuniary gratifi'.ation, 
 without confidering the company's advantage. But, in laying this reflnction on thole 
 they might fuipcd bafe enough to betray their truft for a bribe, they have ;:lfo cut 
 off from their honeft and faithful fervants of the prefent ftanding, the advantai;es which 
 Were enjoyed without reftriftion fy thofe of former times; a particular of fevcrity with 
 which Mr. Gray cannot believe the honourable company meant toftigmatize or todiflrefs 
 the prefent fet of fervants ; for our employers muft entertain a reproachful opinion of us, 
 if they believe the reftraint of confcience, heretofore confidered a lufiicient tye on the 
 con Juct of our predeceiiors in the fervice, is not enough to bind our hands from diinw 
 them injullice; and to cut off from their fervants every fource of benefit which their 
 fervice affords, is furely diftrcfling them in the fevereft degree. The fait and inland trade 
 was Ibme time ago very beneficial; but the company believing it was a principal occa- 
 fion of, although he is convinced it was in faft only a pretext for, the war with Mir 
 Coflim, feemed determined to reduce it and deprive us of that fource. The foreign 
 Marine trade was once a fund of advantage to the company's fervants, but tl at was be- 
 fore Suraja Dowla's war, when commerce fiourifhed both in Bengal and in the Marts 
 abroad ; fince that time, the internal commotions in which thefe countries, wherein the 
 principal part of our trade ufed to be carried on, as well as Bengal itfelf, have been involved, 
 have rendered that branch fo very precarious, that voyages mit'carry as oftsn as (ucceed • 
 and the company's fervants, efpecially thofe fiationed at fubordinate fadorics, hbour 
 under particular inconvenience in this trade ; for through want of time and opportunity 
 to a]>ply to it properly, and to inform thcmfelves of every requifite for carrying it on, 
 the free merchants have the grcareft; advantage over them. The latter are at liberty to 
 proceed on their voyages, and can themfelves difpofe of, or purchale, goods to the bcft 
 account at the foreign markets, thereby laving many charges, as well as devoting tliat 
 care and attention to their own concerns which can fcarcely be exjiefted from agents, 
 whom we arc under the ncceflity of employing: Very different was tlie iitualion of the 
 gentlemen of the fervice in that period he has mentioned, from the prefent ; fccure in 
 their perfons and properties, and enjoying a profound tranquility, they fa'.v the profits of 
 their trade coming in regularly to them ; but ever fince Mr. Gray has iiad the honour, 
 to fervethe company, there has been almoft a conftant feries of warfare in Bengal ; he 
 has been witnefs to two revolutions, wherein the greatefl part of his moft intimate 
 friends have fallen the unfortunate viftims of Moorifti barbarity ; at both times, his life 
 in iuch imminent danger, that he can attribute his ci(:apc from the unhappy fate that 
 attended his fellovv-fervants, to the interpofition of Providence alone; his property fcl/cd 
 by tbe rapacious relentlcfs enemy; his circumftances brought to the lowert brink of ruin, 
 not only by the lofs of his own fortune ; but alfo by the accumulation of a heavy i!cbt 
 taken up in the courfe of his trade, for which he was anfwerabic, without the means 
 left to difchargc it ; his health dcf royed by the fatigues and hardfhips he untlerwent, 
 and himfelf reduced to the utmoft diflrcfs and mifery, as well from afliiflion fruin t!ie 
 lufferings of thofe held mofl dear to him, as from tlie confideration of his own :ni--fur- 
 tunes; the very idea of what he has endured, fliocks his recollcdion, and the prceari- 
 outncls of hi'; situation, and the vicHfitufles to which he has been fubjefted, have painted 
 iorth indejicndance to him in too dellrablc colours to admit of his felf-denial, when he 
 caa obtaia it without the lealt deviation from that integrity and f ''''ty to the intueff 
 
 of
 
 '3- 
 
 APPENDIX K». g: 
 •r his employer?, which he has ever made the rule of his condufl ; nor could it have 
 been e.xpefted, that whilft his Lands were not tied up by thofe covenants to which his 
 will did not confcnt, and which, though ordered, he did 'not conceive to be fo pofitivcly 
 enjoined as totally to exclude all expoftulation, and even without any penalty in cafe 
 of rcfufal ; from whence it might be inferred, the con>pany would not infifl; on their 
 execution, if their fcrvants were from reafonablc motives averfc from them. Under 
 ihcfe circuinftances, Mr. Gray fays, it could not be expefled, that he would rejeft a 
 prcR'nt offered to his hands from a government that could very well afford it; he confi- 
 dered it as fomc compenfation for his fufFcrings, as well as for the deficiency in his 
 lofi"cb not made up by the public rcftitution j for, altliough it it true, that after our 
 enemies were drove out of the provinces, reflitution was allowed for the damages we 
 had fuftained, yet it was on a footing that ftill kft the fufferers confiderable iofers ; the 
 goods plundered or dcftroycd were rated at the prime coft and charges, and a very unequi- 
 valent advance for rifk, with an allowance of ten per cent, on the whole for interef^. 
 This valuation of the goods was very fliort of the price they would have fold at, and the 
 allowance was lefs than a third part oi the real intend ; for it is now above three years that 
 we have laid out of cur money, and but one year's, interefl is given. He means not here 
 to blame thofe gentlemen who ft pulatcd the terms of this reftitution, for he thinks the 
 whole of our loffcs was more than the nabob could then bear to difcharge ; but he flatcs 
 the cafe fairly betwixt the government and himfelf ; and if what he has loft by them be 
 compared to what is fet down to his account, in the end he would have to receive a 
 balance. 
 
 On the whole, Mr. Gray, deprived, as he believed, of the only trade by which he 
 could raife any btnefit, and unprovided for by the lionourable company with an allow- 
 ance adequate to his necefl'ary expences, accepted of the prefent offered him, on conviftion 
 it was intirciy confilknt both with his duty and the honour. He hopes that what lie has 
 urged will prove fatisfadory to his employers, and procure him their confent and appro- 
 bation. George Gray. 
 Mr. Burdett likewife enters the following minute : 
 As Mr. Playddl and Mr. Gray have thought it necefTary to clear up their charaflers 
 from the imputation of having extorted prefents from the nabob, I likewife beg leave to 
 inform the board that I looked upon the 50,000 rupees fent me as a vuluntary gift from 
 the nabob, and in fuch light only I received it ; the manner in which it \va, p.iid will I 
 prcfumc fufnciently exculpate me fioin that heavy charge of extortion. I cmnot look 
 upon myfelf as culpable in receiving prefents before the covenants were figned ; fo far 
 from it, I muft ingenuoufly coiifd«, that had ten times the fum been offered in the fame 
 manner I teceived the firft, and my covenants not figned, I fhculd without the leaft 
 fcruple have received it, well fatisficd that I was doing no more than thole who came 
 before me ; nor fhould I then have acknowledged the power of any committee to arraign 
 my condud, uuk-i's they fliewcd me a fpecial power for that purpofe from tliofe only 
 whom I tffcem my maflers. John Burdett. 
 
 Mr. Johnfton having agreeably to his application received the copies of tlie whole 
 
 proceedings, fends in his anl'wer to them in the following minute: 
 
 The feleft committe have been pleafed to lay before tlie board fevcral narratives of 
 
 Mahomed Rc7,a Cawn and Jugguifeet, touchiiig preftnts that have been made to fundry 
 
 gentlemen by the nabob, and which in their proceedings they call evidence of the grcateft 
 
 confcquencc. 
 
 As no complaint was made, either before or now to the board, by either Mahomed 
 Reza Cawn, Juggetfeet, or the nabob, againft the gentlemen therein mentioned, that 
 any unfair means or compulfion had been ufed towards obtaining thcfe prcftnts, nor 
 any redrefs fucd for, I am at a lofs to know whofe luit I am to reply to, or to whom as 
 judges 1 am accountable. The nabob's addrclfcs and letters to the Iclcft committee, ac- 
 cufing Mahomed Rc/a Cawfi of having given awa* without his knowledge twenty laaks 
 of money and goods to dfferent people to fccure him in his naibfliip ; this was laid be- 
 fore the board, and it rcftcd wtth Mahomed Reza Cawn to difprove this, and to flicw 
 he had ifTued no money againft the nabob's inclination, but with his content and order 
 under his hand and feal. 
 
 The committee however, afTuming as it would appear the office of inquifitor.^, ciU 
 upon Mahomed Reza Cawn to declare before them on oath, not only to the mattter laid 
 againft him, but whatever clfc; he knew, or thev pleafed to afk, touching his own con- 
 cerns : from him overawed by the opinion of their fuprcme power, on which his poft 
 and honours depends, and that noiiiing of conlequence now refls with the council, they 
 extort what they call evidence of 1 he grcateft conlequence. 
 
 Juggetfeet in like manner, without having made any complaint of opprcfTion, com- 
 pulfion, or anv injurv br-ing don( his bufinefs, is now called upon for his evidcnco on 
 his obfcrvaticn of mcilages being delivered ; ihcy being lent as reprefcnted is faU'e, and 
 
 can
 
 APPENDIX. N». 95: 
 
 can never lie proved. The committee would ground a charge of which they would 
 become the judges, and are thcmfelves the complainants. 
 
 To fupport theie evidences thus procured, Mootcram, who is mentioned as the pcrfon 
 cntrufted by the gentlemen, is arrelled at Calcutta by a party of feapoys, confined cloie 
 prifoner in his houfe under a ferjeant's guard, with all the terrors attending a maa 
 already convicted and condemned of capital offences ; thence he is brought next day 
 with his military guards attending him, and ignorant of our laws and rights, obliged, 
 contrary to all law, to fwear that he will anl'wer all the queftions they Ihall pleafe to 
 init to him, whether to get him to betray the confidence they imagine may have beea 
 rcpcled in him, or that tend to condemn himfelf. 
 
 BiilFuntroy, his duan, fuppofed alfo entrufted by Mootefam, is in like manner feized 
 by feapoys, and under this terror and confulion hurried before his accufers and judges, 
 and obliged to give evidence on oath to all qucftions put to him to betray the fecreis of 
 of his mafter, or make againft himfelf. 
 
 Hnd Mootcram been accufed of any capital crime, or of having done any thing con- 
 trary to law, if fubjedt to be tried by the laws of our country, under the Englilh flag, 
 and by Englfhmen aiding with a lawful authority as his judges, we prefume in an open 
 and public rnanner, he ought to have had his indiftment, and been allowed counfel, a 
 liberty never denied to any under the proteflion of the Englifh government, and who 
 has like him a houfe and family within their land, inftead of being fhut up, and denied 
 communication with any but with his menial fervants ; counfel was allowed Ramchurn, 
 and I believe to others tried before the honourable board, and Nundcomar was promifed 
 an open and fair trial. 
 
 Mootcram, though he is in the prefent employ of the nabob, has his houfe and family 
 in the company's diflrifV, and under the company's protcftion, in whofe fervice he has 
 been for many years. He is not mipeached by the nabob, nor any charge laid againft 
 him in particular that appears; but if he were, a fair trial, had the nabob fubmitted him 
 to the committee as his judges, was what he had a right to expeft, anil that he fhould not 
 be thus compelled by torce, imprifonment, and fear of his life and h»nour, to give evi- 
 dence that might make againll himfelf, or in order to be brought as a proof againll any 
 fubjeft of Britain, and enjoying the rights and proteftion of her laws and liberties. I do 
 therefore for myfelf objeft to ind deny fuch evidence, and enter my iolcinn pioteft againffc 
 every matter or evide ice that has been and (hall be obtained from cither Mahomed Re/.a 
 Cawn, Juggutfeet, Mootcram, Buffunt Roy, or any other perfon wliere fuch undut in- 
 fluence, unlawful mean's, and violence has been or iball be ufcd to get them to declare 
 or to anfvver on oath to all queries that (liould be put to them while under reftraint, im- 
 
 frifonment, and fear; and that I will anfwer to no charge or imputation found on fuch. 
 think it proper however to declare, and am ready to take my oath, that I never did 
 authorize Mootcram or any other perfon to afk preients »f Juggutfeet in improper or 
 unlawful terms, or by any threats or iiilinuations that his bufincfs fhould otherwifc 
 meet the fmallell impediment or obftruftion from us; and that no compulfion or vio- 
 lence was with my knowledge ever made ufe of or intended, to induce him to give any 
 prefents. 
 
 If the nabob, Mahomed Reza Cawn and Juggutfeet had ever complained of thcmfelves, and 
 could prove that I had by force or threats extorted, or by unfair means obtained prtfci ts from 
 them; or if it could be fhewn wherein I negledleii or facrificed the company's intertft, and the 
 bullnefs I was intrufled with on this occafion, with a view to furh confideration; or that I did 
 not fupport it to the utmoft of my power, or had done or promifed any diflionourable fervice ; I 
 fhould then have thought it incumbent on me, and readily would have put myfilf on my defence 
 and juflified my conduft agreeably to the laws of my country, and the conftitution of the com- 
 pany. But when I fee the honour and credit of the council trampled upon, infomuch that not 
 one man belonging to the country governmeut of diftinftion, fince the committee were formed, 
 and dared to receive or pay vifits from or to the members of t'le cmmcil, from a notion th^t has 
 been propari;ated that they have now no authority, and are nude dependants on the committee ; 
 when the feleft committee ufurp authority they hr.ve no right to ; wiiere I (ee force and violence 
 take the place of law and liberty ; where military guards and impiifonment appear, and to over- 
 awe and extort evidence; I muft beg leave to decline for the prefent to plead my caufe before a 
 tribunal and judges whofe laws and rights we know not the bounds of, and whofe pow rs the 
 prefident has declared is what their own will fhall think fit to aflign, or in woids to thcraine 
 purpcrt. 
 
 It feems the aim of the committee to renderthe procee.lir.gs of the late prefident and council 
 if polfible obnoxious, inftead of llnving to promote the cudiality fo much to be wiflied. T.> 
 what caiifes muft we attribute this temper of the comni'ttcc ; one would almoil think th(;y were 
 p'qued to find the intereft of the company fo well fecured before their arrival ; only they nmft 
 know that their tomitig at all was doubtful, and the ^cnt'imen who had felt the defedf? if the 
 fjini^r tri.'atv, were full as well quilitieil to remedy tht-m in the new one, and h.ive no doubt 
 their nwfters will approve their feivices. I h;id heard that the governor has exprelTed much 
 
 ch-tr^in 
 
 I
 
 Appendix, n^. «5. 
 
 Chsgrin that the affair of his Jaghire has been fcttleiS according to his agreement with the com- 
 pjny without hii iiitcrpofition, though a better ojiportunity could not have occurred to get it 
 dune. Mr. Speiiccr, than whofe merit none ftands ;n a fairer light with the company was, if I 
 may fo call hini, the darling of that party which in England oppofed Lord Clive and the gentlc- 
 rni-n of the committee; any attack of him or his meafures is an attack upon the party who 
 fcfpoufcd him ; and though 1 would not aflert that any fuch fentiments influence any member of 
 the board, yet I cannot help being furprifed at the uncommon negledt and difregard (hewn to 
 Mr. Spencer bv Lord Clive, though he joined with the board in thanks to Mr. Spencer for 
 the zeal he bad fhtvvn for the company's welfare. I cannot help in this place noticing the late 
 treatment ol Nundcomar; the board, before the change in our adminiftration, had fuch ftrong 
 reafon to fufpedt Nundcomar of il! difigiis againft our government, and ill advifmg the nabob, 
 that it .was thought of the utmoft iuiportancc to have fo dangerous a perfon immediatelj re- 
 moved from him; be was accordingly lent down and confined in Calcutta, and witnefTes were fum- 
 nioiied from Patna and other places to ru]>port that chaige; notwithftanding this refojution of the 
 hoard, he vv.ns immediately allowed acteS to tlie iub( n on his arrival at Calcutta, without any 
 Ka(>.iis being afligned to the board for a conduft fo dircftly oppofite to their fentiments, and 
 I think they fliould be (trong ones to juflify fo cxtrordinary a deviation. The witneflcs too 
 have been returned without any trial or examination that we yet know of; and now again 
 J find it has been dccmel expedient to forbid NunJccmar accefs t) the nabob. Thcfc incon- 
 filttncics I (lull wifh to fee accounted for, more particularly as I think the fcntltiicnts of a 
 former adminiftration on fuch a fubjeft merited more confidcration and refpeft ; and I muft 
 iTT'ther remark, that though the gcntlemeu (jf the cjmmittce, from their long abfence from 
 India, could not poilibly be £t firft proper jut gcs cf the company's affairs and interefts; 
 thev have never on any occafion confulted with, or afked the fentiments of the board. With 
 Kccard to preients in general, we have the approved example of the prefident Lord Clive 
 himfclf fo: our guide, who thongh this nabob's father's princely bounty on his coming 
 to the government, had made his fortune cafy, and the company's welfare his only mo- 
 tive for flaying in India, yet acknowledges his having made ufe of the influence of Jug- 
 gutfect to apply for a Taghecr, which, though amounting to 30,0001. per annum, was 
 not thought impropcf by him to accept of, even in the circumftinces of diftrcfs he then 
 i;prc!'ents the old nabob to have been in, his life twice favcd from his troops mutinying 
 for their arrears, only by the awe of our arms, and large balances then dt:c to the com- 
 pany, which were not at all pnid till after t lie revolution 1769. 
 
 . The committee Ivsve been at great pains to lay open to the f)ublic what fums have 
 b:cn paid to the gehiiemen of the deputation and council on this oecafion. We think 
 it will appear Ifrangc however, that what they have received alone (hould be 
 (irutinizcd into with fuch fervent zeal, while the (urns that were beitowed on others 
 row and heitrofote not alio Ipecificd ; ihtfe by the fame methods that the committee 
 hivc proceeded may doubtlefs be obtained, T'he arreting and confining vndcr guards 
 thofe entru(*ed and employed on the occaiion ; they appeal to the world if Ramchurn 
 Roy, who his lordlhip certified fcvved him entirely to his fatlsfaftion ; if Coja Petrufc, 
 Kubkelicii MunQiy, Nundcomar, or any othrr of thofe able conveyancers, were to be 
 feized, and confined clofe prifoners, and made to anfwer whether they willed or not 
 on oath to every queftion that a future committee or governor and council (liould put 
 to them, as to the fums their matters liave received; or if the books of the nabob's 
 treafury, from the time that the Meer Jafiicr got the government, down to this day, 
 wore fo be referred to as proof, as they have been now by Mahomed Reza Cawn, 
 wiiethcr thofe gentlemen who have hitherto raifed iminenfc fortunes by the nabob's 
 bounty and treafure, would think, them elves well ulcd by fuch violence and force 
 •ufcd on thofe that were entrufted by them, or by a retrofjiefl and fcrutiny into their 
 proceedings, where no complaint has bei n offered bv the people who were alone con- 
 cerned to make it againfl them, or wheiher vvc Ihould have much caufc to be afliamed 
 by fuch a contraff . 
 
 We fltould be glad to know what gentlemen in the militaay or civil, from colonel 
 Clive down to this day, tliaf have had the onportunity, and liavc not received prcfenis 
 while in their power, and no duty (\ood in oppofition to it ; we do not infer they were 
 improperly bialfcd by it, or that there was any thing in the receiving of thofe cufto- 
 mary acknowledgments dilhonourable, the cufto.n of the country, and the example of 
 men of the beft charaffers fandtify it ; but I beg leave to compare in fomc rcfpefls 
 OMr proceeding and that of fomc who now fo rigoroully, and with fo much malevolence 
 call our condufl in queftion. At the fame time the rupture with Serajah Dowla, and 
 the fetting up Meer JafFecr Aly Kawn was m-ditating, I fuccccdcd to Mr. Spencer in 
 'the flaiion of Perfian ttanllator for cirrviiig on the correfpondence with the country 
 government, tinder Lord Clive : Mr. Lulhiiigion was appointed to afTift under me; I 
 lOMtinuid in this office for Ibme months, and v.Toie the viry lall letter that was fent to 
 Siii-aja Dciwln, informing of our fetting out to meet him. 
 
 During this period Mr. Scrafton relurnetl from the city with the fecrct ncgociations 
 concerted with Meer Jaflicr Aly Kawn; it was thought :o contain matters no delicate 
 
 c for
 
 ^ 
 
 APPENDIX N». 85. 
 
 for me to be entrufted with, but my affiftant \\tas called in, and lit, with the reft of 
 the committee took their oaths of Iccrecy. 1 appeal to thofc gentlemen if it was not 
 then that the terms of the treaty with Meer Jaffier Aly Kawn was adjufted, and that 
 the I'uins agreed for the fecret committee, as well as for the other accounts, were fet- 
 tled before the army was ordered to move. 
 
 The day the troops embarked I was told by Colonel Clive to return and do my duty 
 in the artillery ; I did, and I believe was the only pcrlbii that had afted under the co- 
 lonel during that ncgociation that was afterwards omitted in the nabob's private bounty 
 when tlie ai^air was crowned with fucccfs. Mr. Scrafton, who fupplantcd me, from 
 being not worth a (hilling, got a fortune; Mr. Lulhlngton, my afliftant, had 30,000 
 mpees, with numbers of others of the colonel's friends, who as well as himlelf became 
 cafy in their fortunes from' the bounty of that very nabob, who it was reported eould 
 not find money in the treafury, to pay the fums publicly ftipulated for the company, 
 reftitution, navv, and army, to be paid on his being put in poffclfion, but the half de- 
 ferred to be paid within a term of three years, and by affignmcnts at laft on the reve- 
 nues of the provinces. This affeftcd the army and navy in the difcount they were ne- 
 ceflitated on this pretext to allow the company for advancing their fhares in ready money ; 
 the reftitution fufferers loft the intereft and advantage they would have had of their mo- 
 ney if then paid, befides running the rifque of never receiving part of it at aJl ; and 
 the company depended on the fuccefs oi tlt£ war for three years to fecure their 
 Italance. 
 
 After we had executed the fervice we were fent upon in behalf of the company, 
 without any promile or profpefV of reward, while the nabob was under no incumbrances, 
 was not behind in the Kiflbum'i.s for the army or reftitution; Laaks lying in his trea- 
 fury in Calcutta ; let the world j'ldge whether we might receive prefents, or his lord- 
 &ip and friends fums infinitely larger, eight years ago, and the Jagheer afterwards, with 
 the grcarefl propriety. 
 
 I he gentlemen wlio niade the treaty with Meer Coirmi, claim fome merit in having 
 then rejeded his offer, which was not to have been difcharged tiJl the debts Jaffier Aly 
 Kawn kft ftill owing to the company, and the arrears to the troops were paid, yet I 
 never heard any of the'e gentlemen pretend they would not receive it afterwards, nor 
 can fome of them, I believe, fay they did not. 
 
 I think then, I may apply tht noble lord's own olifervation, that I believe it would 
 have appeared abfurd, after lb many yeaq-s fervices, after having rilqued my life fo often, 
 and, let me add, after the reverfes 1 have lately experienced, had I refuted this only 
 honourable opportunity that ever was likely to offer of becoming independant, and to 
 have trufted to the future kind offices of loni Clive. 
 
 At the fame time the nabob conferred thelb favours on us, there was a demand on 
 him for the money of the Jagheer, whicli the n:ibob had received fince the company 
 flopped the payment of it to Lord Clive. In regard to this, Ibme obfervations have oc- 
 curred to me, which I have not yet heard folved. The copies of the Dewannee Sunnud 
 of the nabob Meer Mahomed Seadue Kawn, wlii<:h was given to the deputies from the 
 fecretary's office, takes nctice, that, in coniecjuence of the nabob Jaffier A!y Kawn 
 having figned on the Furd Sua), the hurd Huckekeet and Mutchulca had alio been figned 
 to. Now thcfc five papers are all connected and annexed to one another, the Sunnud, 
 Decannie Zaemmicn, Furd Sual, Furd Huckecift, and Mutchulca^ Tiie Furd Sual re- 
 prefents, that Salnit Jung, Colonel Clive, liaving been honoured with the rank of"6,ooo 
 and 5,000 horfc, and having now a fonnidalile force ready for the king's fervice, the- 
 expence of which he could not defray tor want of a Jagheer, hopes the nabob's plen- 
 fure may be fignificd, whether on coi.dition of giving a Mutchulca for procuring the 
 King's Sunnud, and adjufting the doul or terms until tlicfc ihould ariive, he Iheuld re- 
 ceive the fum of 222,958. 10, the rents of that Jngjieer of the Nazim. 
 
 The Mutchulca of the Vd(qucal of Sabut Jung expreffes fully the terms on which 
 this affignment on the Athais o Calcutta, ix*.-. was, as it is, to be received as 3 
 Wudah referring to the rents of the Jagheer of ilie Nazim, and as an Klm.aum refer- 
 ring to the Call'.j Lands, en condition of aniwcriiig for all that fhoukl be colleiVed there- 
 from, unlefs he obtained the Kin:;'s Sunnecd, and delivered it into the Dervannee J)uf- 
 tore, within fix months, and acljidhd tiie Doul of the Jagheer. Now, though there 
 appears a tranllation of the nalxib's Purvvannah to tlic prelidcnt and council, for paying 
 the rents of the Jagheer to Lord Clive, 1758, yet 1 cannot lay tliat I have any where 
 met with the tranflatcs of any of the above papers except the Sunneed Deuiannee, though 
 they fcem of a nature to fet iiis lordlliip's claim to tliat Jagheer in a very different ligiit 
 to what it muft have appeared when the Mutchulca or obligaiion and Furd Sual were 
 not confidered, and when the Kiig's Sunnei.d and Dual, or terms of the Jagheer, are 
 therein expreffed as being ablu'utc y rccju'ilte to [,c p.jcurcd to make it valid, and which 
 I never have yet lieard were ol tallied. 
 
 Though 
 
 i
 
 APPENDIX. N». 85. 
 
 Though I had the fatisfaftion to find my condufl: in the trufts committed to my charge 
 approved of, in repeated letters from the b«ard here, and my fcrvlces recommended home 
 in terms very favourable to our honourable mailers, who have likewifc cxprefled their 
 plealure for my attention to their intcrefts, yet, from every circumftance and proeeed- 
 inj:;, there feems a predetermination in the committee to injure my charafter and ruin 
 my fortune, I cannot, confidering the rank of credit I have hitherto fupported as z 
 member of the council, refolve to lubmit to further indignities, or to aft in a ftation 
 now become of (b little confequcnce in the eyes and opinion of every body. The com- 
 mittee, inftead of aiming to extenuate the fuppofcd offence, that is done in courts of 
 jiiflice where the grcatefi; criminals are arraigned, have evidently ftroveto aggravate every 
 circumftar.cc that they would endeavour to charge upon me, even in regard to the bills, 
 which I alfcrtcd, nnd do maintain, were ordered to be given back to Mahomed Re7.z 
 Cawn, after we had figncd the covenants unconditionally, though, had we chofe, 
 ue might have received their amounts long befoi-c. The obvious tjueftion was never 
 put to Mootyram, whether he had ever informed me, that Mahomed Reza Cawn had 
 refufed to receive them ? and whether, on the contrary, he had not informed rhc repea- 
 tcilly that they were given back ? 
 
 The vtry night before Mootyram's aneft, and his being confiaed, he brought me a. 
 meirngc from Mahomed Reza Cawn, defiring I would lend him 50,000 rupees to pay 
 in on account his Dacca rents for Lord Clivc's Jagheer money, and the anfwer I re- 
 lumed was. Why did he not ufe the money of the bills that were given back ? Thougb 
 the examination of thofe they would make witnclles was in a language in which none o£ 
 the gentlemen of the committee are at all perfeft, and that it muft have been of the 
 j^reatell: confcquencc to be certain that all the queftiofis and anfwers were ftriftly an'dl 
 luiiy tendered, and that whatever was offered or faid by the prifoners, in the terror and 
 confufion they were in, fliould be taken down in their own words, efpccially as ex- 
 prcflions in this language fo often admit of interpretations that may be rendered for or 
 againd ; yet Mootiram and BufTuntroy, were confronted with Mahomed Reza Cawn 
 and Juggutfeet were firft called upon to compofe their narrative. I muft obferve too witk 
 hr>w little candour the fclefl committee have related their proceedings. In that of the 
 t'lc jtli thev mention, that BufTuntroy was ordered to be leized and brought before 
 tliem ; and m their proceedings of the 8th, in regard to Mootyram, who was expefted 
 Id be lb principal an evidence, they lay he is only ordered to be lent for ; no notice is 
 t.'ii.cn that he had been l'ei/,cd the day before by a ferjeant party of leapoys, and wat 
 kept prifoner, with three ccntrics over him, without liberty of feeing any but his me- 
 nial fervants, as if they pu'rpofely evaded the avowal of luch unwarrantable afts. He 
 lull continues to this day in the fame clofe confinement, as alfo BuffoiUroy, under mili- 
 tary guard.; and under thefc circumftarces, Lord Clivc propoled in council he might be 
 t ailed anil examined, as if fuch treatment vva^ not fulBcicnt to deter any black nian from 
 ncr;i£ling, however much inclined, whatever he mi;;ht liave faid before, falfe or contra- 
 dictory, wiiere he could not but expcft that retracting would draw on him ftill more 
 dilgrace and unhappy confequences. The fuiferings of Mootyram point out too plainly 
 what others have to cxpeft from fuch arbitrary power, and lecm well calculated to excite 
 every accufation that can polTibly be fcrapcd togcriier fiom fuch felfifh dil'appointed men, 
 aeiinft the gentleiucn who have had the admiiuliration, and managed the affairs of the 
 company with lb much credit and fiicccfs. 
 
 1 cannot avoid taking notice of another inllance, to flicw how much it has been the aim ot 
 the prefident to render me cheap and of no ciiafcquence in the eyes of the very country pec. pie. 
 When I prefided as chief, even theintereft ot the company required that rcfpeft (hould be kept 
 up. The board having long fincc eftablilheJ a chief an-l council for the management of col- 
 kclions, and tonduding the bufuKfi of the Burdwan dlltridl, anJ all oiders h:wc liitherto been 
 idiied to them from the public department, anil all accounts, llutcnients, remiltanccs, &c. made 
 by them to the board, and never any orders h.ive been, fmce liie tll.ihlilhment of the chief and 
 coimcil, (ent from the prefident or the board to the Rjah, but whatever concerned the huiincfs 
 hab been conftantly addrefilid from the board to them only. This branch of the company's 
 hufinefs, which has little connedtion with the bufinefs of tlic committe as iiivcftments at the 
 fu.iordinatcs, or the lands of Calcutta, Chiit.igong, or Midnajiotc, they have taken under 
 their jurifdiftion, and without <-nce deigning to make the leal! enquiry of me in any one 
 pi.iiit, though here prefent, or even confulting the board, or ex.imining a jiaper or public ac- 
 coi:.)t. A letter is wrote irorw the prelVlent t < the Rajah, demanding 7,90,000, as the bal- 
 anci; due from him, requiting it to be paid in feven diys, otherwife ihould Itand 10 the confe- 
 
 Jueiices, for he would hear no cxcufe. The balance, according to a ffatenunt which I gave 
 ■Ir .^umner, to the end of march laft, fuppofing the revenue 1763 to be Rated at 34 laaks, 
 to which the Rajah nevcragreed, and this. year at 32 l»aks, it appears, that, Irom the begin- 
 ning of our polfeffions to the end of March there is due only about 3 laaks in the receipts of 
 fi> large a fum as 142,85,284 rupees. The accounts of the fcveral years will (hew clear enough 
 mid.r whofe management the bufmefs has been bcft kept up, and moft rents colledUd. '1 hrf 
 
 Rajah 
 
 ■v
 
 APPENDIX. N°8 
 
 0- 
 
 Rajah has not the power remaining with him of recovering tlie bal;<nces due from the farmer?, 
 but through the f'entlemen fuperintending the collcdions, and I beheve the balances outflanding 
 may amount to 14 or 1 6 laaks, the cafh account will fhew the receipts and disburfements ct 
 whatever money has been collefted. Notwithitanding tbcfe circumftances, and that the Rajah 
 receives at the rate of about 22,C00 rupee, per month from the cafh, he has not ft-nt the balance 
 due out of his own private allowance, but reptefcnted thcfe circumftances. My Lord Clive, 
 without confulting the board, or faying a word to the chief, ordered him down at the very 
 time he ou^ht have betn there prefent to make Funia, which is not made yet. By the fame 
 rule, he may extend his authority, and fend i y every Ztmindar at Midnapore or Chittat.ong, 
 and to all that are the company's debtors at every fubordinatt: ti&ory. Since the Raj^h ai rived 
 in Calcutta, which is about fifteen days, he has not even dared to vifit me, apprehending that 
 guards mi"ht be put upon him, after the example of Mootiram. With what ciedit could 
 I now pretend to return to that uftory again, where I mull be confidered of fo little confcquence, 
 that even thofe plactd under me dare not come near me lor ti;ar of his Lordlhip's difplea- 
 
 I obferve, Mahomed Reza Cawn hasithought proper to include. Mr. Cartier amon£;ft thofe 
 he has named partaking; in the prefents from the nabob. It is true. 1 did mention to Mahomed 
 Reza Cawn mv wilhcs'that the nabob might (hew the marks of his favour to Mr. CartiT, a 
 gentleman evu-y way (o worthy of it, and mcrithig fo well of his family; but this, in jullice to 
 that 'entleman, 1 muft declare, was without his knowlcge. Mahomed Reza Cuwn faiJ he 
 w uld take fome opportunity of hiatiiig it to the nabob, but he never intormed me what he had 
 done in the affair. 
 
 I ftiall at all times be ready to give every fati.^faftion, in every part of my tranfaftions, 
 whither pecuniary or othcrwife, to every candid enquirer, as, it is well known, I have done 
 on former occafians. But as, fiom the tenor of the proceedings of the feleft commitcee, I 
 cannot but confider thtm as mv avowed enemies, 1 am relolvcd no longer to continue in the 
 fervice, while they have the head, and u(urp the whole power into their own har.ds, and do 
 accordingly now rt&gn the conipan 's employ, exprefling my warmeft wiflies for the conftant 
 fuccefs of the affairs, aixi with molt grateful thanks for their favour, during the fifteen years 
 I have devoted my'elf to their fervice, not doubtin:; that I fhall be able to fansfy them and ihe 
 unprejudiced, as to the propriety and rtftitude of my aftions, and of my iteady and iin iolate 
 regard for their interefi on tvi;ry occafion. 
 
 John Johnftone. 
 17th June, 1765. 
 This minute having t^een pcrufed, the members of the committee defire the board will meet 
 to-morrow, that Mooteram may be examined in council on the evidences he gave bcfcrj 
 them. 
 
 Ordered, 
 That the fecretary do acquaint Mr. Johnftone, that he is permitted ro refign the fervice. 
 
 Fort William, the i8th June, ij^y 
 At a Confultation ; P' R E S E N T, 
 The Right Honourable Robert, Lord C Ivo, PreliJcnt, 
 
 William Bri!;ht\vell Sumner, Charles Stafford Playdel, 
 Harry Vcrclll, Francis Syices, Ralph Leycefter, 
 John Burdctt, George Gray, Efquires. 
 The board being met agreeable to the defire of the leleft coiuniittce, then minuted, 
 that Mootyram niiglit be examined in their prcfence, on the evidence he gave to the 
 committee, touch.ing the pecuniary dillrlbutions lately made at the city, he was ac- 
 cordingly called before them, and his examination taken tlirough the interpreter in the 
 different' courts, who was particularly fvvorn on this occafion, as was Mootyram alio 
 
 again. y . ■ . 
 
 On reading to him leparately the feveral parts of^ his evidence to the committee, he 
 literally confirmed the whole of ir, except in the following particulars. 
 
 To the firft queftion. What did you fay to Mahomed Rez.^ Cawn, about flopping the 
 bufinels of the Scets, unlefs they complied with the demand ? he anAvcrcd to the fame 
 purport as to the commit tec, but ma^le ufe only of tlie term Cootch Boolcga Ny, for 
 what is rendered by the cominiitse meeting with no protection or countenance ; wiierc- 
 upon the committee obfervcd, that he indifferently and repeatedly made ufc of both the 
 cxprcffions Cootch Sycur riga Ny, and Boolcga Uy. 
 
 In his anfwcr to the fiibfequent cjucfl-on, he now differed, faying, that Juggutfecr 
 made no offer of rings or jewels, but told tliciii only, that as far as tw nty or five and 
 twenty thoufand rupees he would comply ; that Ilhmacl Aly Cawn tlien laid, that would 
 not do ; and juggutleet replietf, that he would then fpeak to Mahomed Reza Cawn him- 
 fclf; and that when he went to him, he propcled thefum of 50,000 rupees. 
 
 To the queftiori, Was it of your own accord, or \v.is you ordered to tell Mahon d 
 Reza Cawn, that if Sects complied with ll:e demand, their bufinefs fnould be proteftcd, 
 otherwife it would have no countcna:.cc or encouragement r he confirmed his an,\vci- to 
 t]ie committee, ufing only the fa ne ojMei^ion aire .uly remarked. 
 The examination having bcc:i onclud.eL
 
 APPENDIX. No. 86. 
 
 Mr. LcyccCler dcfired the following qncftion might be put to Mootyram : 
 If when Air. Johnfton related to him the reafons why he thought the Sects might make 
 •prcfents, whether he ordered him to mention them to Mahomed Reza Cawn, and to de- 
 iire Mahomed Reza Cav%'n would urge them to the Sects ? which being put to him ac- 
 coidingly, he replied, That Mr. Johnfton did tell him to exprefs himfelf to Mahomei 
 Kcxa Cawn in the fame terms which Mr. yohnllon did to him. 
 
 Mr. Lcyceiter, in addition to the fcvcral minutes already entered in vindication of 
 Jiis condu^>, Oil the fubje£> of this inquiry, and agreeably to the intimation in the clofe 
 of the Ja'.l, defircd further to take the following oath, which was accordingly admini- 
 iicxcd tu bim hy tiie prefident ; viz. 
 
 I fwcar that I am totally ignorant of the mcflagct faid to be delivered by Moo- 
 tyram to the Sects. So help me God. 
 
 (Signed) 
 
 Ralph Leycefter. 
 Clive, VVm. B. Sumner, 
 H. Vcrelft, Francis Sykcs, 
 Ralph Leyceflcr, J. Burdctt, 
 George Gray. 
 
 No. 86. 
 
 Ti the Honouroble Court of Dlrellors for Affairs of the Honcurable United Company of Merchant:: 
 
 of England trading to the Eajl Indies. 
 
 HonntiraMc Sir,-:, 
 
 1, ''T^ i\ E accompanying proceedings of the feleft committee will explain our motive^ 
 X for purciiafing the Admiral Stephens to convey to your hands thefe difpatchcB 
 wliich, we hope, will be deemed of fufficient importance to merit any extraordinary 
 cxpcncc thereby incurred ; an cxpence wliich, we flatter ourfelves, will be fully defrayed 
 by the valuable cargo fhc carries home at this early feafon, 
 
 2. By the general letter of this date you will be informed by the prefident and 
 council of every material concern that has be^n tranfafted before the board. At the 
 fame time, we lycg leave to refer to the lett rs difpatchcd by the Vanfittarl and Bute, 
 whereof duplicates arc now inclofed,- for a djtail of the military operations, political 
 occurrences, and el'pecially the very important tranfaftions previous to our arrival, and 
 fubfcqucnt to the ilcath of Mcer Jaffeer ; an event that furnifhed the moft glorious op- 
 portunity of cftablilhing your infiuencc and pov.cr, on fo lolid a bafis as muft foon have 
 rendered the Engliih £aft India company the mod potent commercial body that ever 
 flourifhed at any period of time. 
 
 -J. It is from a clue fenfe of the regard we owe and profefs to your intereft, and to our 
 «nvn honour, that we think it indifpenfaljly necclTary to lay open to your view a feries 
 of tranfa£Vions too notorioufly known to be fuppfcflcd, and too affcfling to your intereft, 
 to the naiional charaftcr, and to the cxiftence of the company in Bengal, to efcape un- 
 noticed :iih1 unccnfurcd ; tranfaolions which feem to demonftrate that every fpring of 
 this govtrnnif nt was fmeared with corruption, that principles of rapacity and oppreflion, 
 univcii'aliy picvailed, and that every fpark of fcntiment and public fpirit was loft and 
 cxiinguifiicil in tiic unbounded lufl; of unmerited wealth. 
 
 4. To illurtrate tJieCe positions, wc Qiuft exhibit to your view a moft unpleafing variety 
 of complaints, inquiries, evidences, accufations, and vindications, the particulars of 
 vhich arc entered m our proceedings and the appendix, alluring you that wc undertake 
 tl)is tall: v.-ith peculiar rtlu£tancc from tJie pcrfonal regard we entertain for fomc of 
 the "cnllcmcn whofc charadlers will apjuar to be deeply atfcfted. 
 
 5."" At For: 5t. George, we received the firft advices of tJic dcmifc of Mecr JafSer, 
 and of Sluijali Dowla's defeat. It was there firmly imagined that no definitive meal'ures 
 would be taken, cither in rcfpeft to a peace, or HUing the vacancy in the Nizamut, be- 
 fore our arrival, as the Lapwing arrived in the month of January with our general letter, 
 nnd ih- appointment of a committee, with exprefs power-, to that purpofe, for the fuc- 
 ccljful cxcnioii of which the happicft occafion now oiTcrcd. However, a contrary rclb- 
 lut'.on prevailed in the council. The opportunity of a'quiring immenfc fortunes, was 
 too inviting to be ncgk£tcd, and the temptation too jwwerful to be rcfifted. A treaty 
 ■Wis haflily drawnup by tlic board, or rather tranfcribcd, with few uniiiiportaiU additions, 
 froni that concluded witli Mcer jaffier, and a deputation^ conlifting of Mcllri. Johnfton, 
 Scr.ior, Middltton, and Leycellcr, appointed to raife the natural fon of th« dcceafcd 
 »i.-.l)ob to the Subahdarry, in prejudice of thcdaimot' tiic grandfon ; and lor this mcafur* 
 iuc;i reafons arc afligncd as ought to have dillated a diametrically oppofite rcfolution. 
 Miraii'sfon was u minor, which circumftancc al jnc would have naturally brought the 
 ^■liolc adoiiniilrutioa into our hands, at a iun<5ture when it became indifpcniaWly necef- 
 
 ' d fa'r
 
 I 
 
 APPENDIX N». 86. 
 
 fary we fliould rcallize that fliadow of power and influence, which, having no folid 
 
 foundation, was expoied to the dinger of being anniliilated by tlie firft (Iroke of adverfe 
 foiiunv ; but this inconfiftence was not regarded ; nor was it material to tlie views for 
 precipitat.ng the treaty, which was prelTed on the young nabob, at the firft interview, 
 in fo earncft and indelicate a manner as highly difgufted him, and chagrined his minifters ; 
 while not a fingle rupee was ftipulated for the company, whofe inierefts were facrificed 
 that their fc'vants might revcl in the fpoils of a treal'ury, before impoverifhed, but now 
 totally exhaufted. 
 
 6. This Icene of corruption was firft difclofed at a vifit the nabob paid to Lord Ciive and the 
 gentlemen of the committee, a few days after our arrival. He then delivered to his lordfhip •; 
 a letter filled with bitter complaints of the inlults and indignities he had been cxpofed to, and the ;', 
 embeEzlement of near 20 lacks of rupees iiliied from his trealury, for purpofes unknown, dur- \ 
 ing the late negociations. So public a complaint could not be ddregarded, and it foon produced jf| 
 an enquiry. VVe refercd the letter to the board, in expc(ftation of obtaining a fatisfaftory ac- 
 count of the application of this money, and were anfwercd only by a warm remonftrance entered 
 by Mr. Leycelter againft that very nabob, in whofe elevation he boaits of having been a prin- 
 cipal agent. 
 
 7. Mahomed Reza Cawn, theNaib Subah, was then called upon »o account for this large 
 difburfcment from the treafury; and he foon delivered to tlie committee the very extraordmary 
 narrative entered in our proceedings the 6tb of June, wiiereiii he fptcifies the feveral names, the 
 fums, by whom paid, and to whom, whether in bills, cafli, or obligations. So precife, fo accurate 
 an account as this of money iffued for fecret and venal fervices, was never, we believe, bcfoie 
 this period exhibited to the hor.burable court of diredlors; at Icaft never vouched by fuch unde- 
 niable teftimony and authentic documents; by Juggut Sect, who himfelf was obliged to con- 
 tributr largely to the fums dimandtd ; by Mooteri<m, who was employed by Mr. Johnltone in 
 all thofe pecuniary tranfaflions ; by the nabob and Mahomed Reza Cawn, who were the heavieft 
 luiTereis; and laftly, by the confeifion of the gentlemen themielves, whofe names are fpecified in 
 the diftribution lift. 
 
 8. Juggut Seet exprefly decLres in his narrative, that the fum which he agreed to pay the 
 dLpiitaiion, amounting to 125,000 rupees, was extorted liy menaces; and lince the clofe of 
 our enquiry, and the opinions we delivered in the proceedings of the 21ft of June, it fully 
 appears that the prefents from the nabob and Mahomed Reza Cawn, exceeding the immenfe 
 fujn of 17 lacks, were not the voluntary offerings of gratitude, but contributions levied in the 
 weaknefs of the govtrnment, and violently exacted from the dependant ftate and timid difpoii- 
 tion of the minilter. The charge is indeed denied on the one hand, as well as affirmed on the 
 C'Lher ; your honourable board muff therefore determine how far the circumltaiice of extortion 
 may aggravate the trime of difobtdience to your pofitive orders; the expofing the government 
 in a u.aniier to fale, anil receiving the infamous wages of corruption from Oppefite patties and 
 con ei.ding iiitcrcils. We fpeak with boldnefs, becaufe we fjaeak from conviction founded upon 
 indubitable tads, that befidts the above fums fpecified in the diftribution account, to the amount 
 of 220,125 pounds iferling, there was likewife to the value c.f feveral lacks of rupees procured 
 fioni Nuiidcumar and Roydullub, each of whom atpired at and obtained a promifeof that very 
 ciitpioynient it was predetermined to beftow on Mahemcd Reza Cawn. The particulars of 
 tilts extraordinary bargain came too late to our hands to be inferred in the proceedings ; nor do 
 v.e think it material, fmce to infift on farther proofs than are already fully and clearly exhibited, 
 in ordt-r to convince you that our enquiry was necell'ary, and our decifion moderate, would, vvc 
 appreliend, ferve rather to exhatift your patience, than confirm your belief. 
 
 g. Thtfe particulars being fubmitted to yourconfideration, it may be i eceflary to offer a few 
 remarks on thofe arguments urged by the gentlemen in their feveral minute?, either in their own 
 jiiftihcation, or vvidi a view that our proceedings (hould appear arbitrary and oppreffive. MelTrs. 
 Johiiftone, Senior, Lycellcr, Jjuidett, and Gray, vindicate the receiving pnfents by argumcnrs 
 which in our opinion renders their conduit ftill more culpable. I'liey urge, that as the covenants 
 were not then executed they could not be obligatory. In anfwer, we will beg leave to afk thofe 
 gentlemen, whether the company's orders were not then received ? Whether the intention and 
 fpirit of thofe orders were not cleirly and petfeiitly underftood ? Whether the covenants thcm- 
 felves were not tranfmitted from England ready to be filled up and executed ? Whether a fingle 
 motion for fulfilling the company's inftruflions appears on the face of the confultations? Whe- 
 ther it was not incumbent on them as the fuperior power, to fet this example of refpcft and de- 
 ference to the orders of their conllitucnts ? And whether they conceive the company would have 
 fiftaincd any detriment by this aft of their obedience ? How then came the orders to he totally 
 jieglefted, at a junfture, efpecially, when the letter and fpiritof thofe obligations clearly manifeft- 
 cd tliat particular regard fhould be had to their execution? 
 
 10. The fame gentlemen arraign the condiidt, and even deny the powers, of the felc<3 com- 
 mittee. Mr. Le)ccftei in particular affirms, that candor and decency required the truth of a 
 cliarge brought ag linft any of the members of the board fhould be determined by the board. You, 
 gentloneii, will be able to judge of the force of this argumanc, and of the propriety of the 
 
 nicafure
 
 APPENDIX N«. 86, 
 
 meafure propr.fcd, when we acquaint you, that of a board then fitting at the prefidency, confift- 
 ing of the preficcnt and eight members, five of thofe members were themfelves accufed, who, by 
 having a majority of voices wouM of confecjucnce become the judges of their own condud. 
 We will not enter into a difcufli >n of the pretifc powers intrulted to the committee ; but we 
 nay venture to affirm, that unlcfs the fpirit of their inftrudliors be executed to the corredion of 
 abufes, the detcdion of corruption, and the punifhment of Jifobedience, the ends propofcd, of 
 «' rcftoring peace and tranquility," will be fruftrated, and their appointment rendered ridiculous 
 and abfurd. 
 
 1 1. Mr. Johnflone is pleafed to alFert thnt no proofs can he produced of menaces being 
 ufed to obtain a lum ot money from Juggutt Se^t. To this we reply by a reference to 
 the evidence of his own agent Nlooteram, where it is declared upon oatli that he delivered 
 by Mr. Jo'inftone's cxprefs orders tlie very meflagcs recited in his examination, mefluages 
 of fuch tendency as certainly would bear hard on Mr. Johnftone's character. As to what 
 he further adds of our obtaing this evidence by military force and terrors, we arc forry to 
 fee a gentleman reduced to the neceinty of refting his defence on the l'ubterfu"-e of fo pi- 
 tiful an cvalion. Mr. Johnflonc certainly knows, at lead he ought to know, ^as the pro- 
 ceeding? were immediately fcnt to him, that Moot/rain was leizcd in th« coinmiirionof a 
 clandcftine illegal a^, of intercHing conkijuei ce to the public in general, and to 
 Mr. John:ionc and the gentlemen of the deputation in particular; Mootyram 
 was aftualiy detefted in an attempt to fupjnefs bills to the amount of 175,000 
 rupees, which had been wrongfully obtained from Mahomed Keza Cawn; and to fkreeii 
 from difcovery a circumftance which it highly imported the committee to know, and 
 which Mr. Johnflonc fhould have made known v.ere he Iblicitous to exculpate himlelf 
 from a charge tliat deeply afFeft.d his reputation, and of fuch irreproachable conduft as 
 he would endeavour to perfuade tlie world. But that not the leaft (hadow of a doubt 
 might remain of the candour and equity of tlie meafures we purlued, wc readily confent- 
 ed that the lame Mootyram might be re-examined in the prefence of the council, where 
 he confirnicd without contradiction or evafion every material circumftance fct forth in 
 liis firft evidence. The remainder of Mr. Johnlone's minute you will perceive doth not 
 aiFeft the committee as a body ; it confifts intirely of pcrfona! inveftive, loofe and viru- 
 lent declamation, the genuine effeft of enraged diiappointment and deteftion ; yet fhould 
 any thin^ further be required in anfwer, we bc^ leave to refer you to the replies made 
 by lord Clive and the members of the committee, which we flatter ourfelvcs will appear 
 full and explicit. 
 
 12. (J)ne circumftance more occurs in the tourfe of thofe gentlemen's minutes that me- 
 rits our obfervaiion : It is declared by Mr. Leyccfler upon 0.1th that he did not receive the 
 prefcnt intended him by Mahomed Reza C.ivvn, and that his letters will demouflrate his 
 intention was to have refufed it. Phis is a fad, of tlie truth of which we entertain not the 
 leaft doubt ; but it proves nothing more than Mr. Leycefter would not receive a fum of 
 money after the covenants had been entoiced by tiie committee, and an enquiry fet on foot 
 concerning the diftribution of that very money, a part of which was now privately tendered 
 back to Mahomed Reza Cawn. He will not drny that he knew of the intended prefent when 
 he was at Cuilimbuzar ; the letters of Meflrs. tienior and MiJdleton prove that he did, He 
 will not denv that bills to the am junt of 50,000 rupees were made out in his name; their 
 being now offered back to MahonieJ Reza Cawn, and Mootyram's being detedted in the fadt, 
 evince it. The whole therefore of this folemn afT.veration amounts only to an evafion in re- 
 fpeft to timeandcircumfcantes, which no way affldl the nature of the aft itfelf. 
 
 13. Having now explained the origin and pro<',cfs of this difagreeable enquiry, we beg leave 
 to touch upon a few circumftance s in juftification of the lenity of our opinions delivered, and 
 refolutioiis enteredin the committee proceedings of the 21ft of June. And here we muft ob- 
 fcrve, that notwithftanding we believed a reformation of abufes to be aftually our duty, yet 
 we could not think the fame duty necefl'arily extended to tiie punilhment of trangrefEont ; 
 we owed a regard to the perfons and charadfcrs ff Ibme of the gentlemen concerned, who 
 muft fufFer exuecmly by a difpeniion or difmiiTion ; the great objed of our wifhes were, 
 that your fervice might in future be conduiSfed with integrity, diligence, and oeconomy, 
 without a retrofpcdt to the paft, wi.ere it could be avoided. The fubjcft indeed of the 
 prefent enquiry was fo recent, it was of fo intercfting a nature to the public, and [recom- 
 mended tc us, or rather was forced upon us, witli fuch peculiar citcumftances, as render- 
 ed our proceeding to a fcrutiny riecefTary to our own reputation ; but the feverity of 
 judgement, and a dicifion which would have left fo great a void in your council, was 
 not equally nccefTary either to your intereft or to your honour. Such an event might 
 have imprcfl'ed the minds of the natives with ftrange ideas of the fluftuating fituation of our 
 councils ; and it would unavoidably have admitted a number of your junior fcrvants co 
 the fiipreme <lirtftion of this valt machine of government, at an age little exceeding that 
 period fixed by the laws of their country for entrulting them with the management of their 
 own private fortunes. Wc nuilt further oblVrve, that many of the moft aggravating 
 
 circumfljHces
 
 APPENDIX. N*. 86. 
 
 circumnances had not then reached our knowledge; at the fame time we were under the 
 neccflity of coming to fome determination ; ijhuja Dowlah impatiently expedted lord Clive 
 in camp to conclude ihe propofed treaty, and the regulations of the government latel}'s 
 eftablifhcd ; and oiher matters then tranfa£ting, abfolutely required Mr. Syke's aitcndance 
 at the Durbar ; fome of the extraordinary lafts above related we obtained fmce their dc- 
 parturt : ""^d had they comefooner, they would have ferved only to perplex and cmbarraf 
 us 'he mo. I. In a \\ord, to obviate future evils, wc confidtied as our immediate duty: 
 The punifhment of pail mifc ■'nduft we chofe rather t) refer to your honoarable board, that 
 jna'ice it'elf fhculd have no foundation for afferting, that we had affumed and exerted 
 a power not fully and exprefsly authorized by the court of direftors. Wc think it ne- 
 ceffary to declare, in juftice to Mr. Cartier, whofe charafter {lands irreproachaliL- in the 
 lift of your fervants, that he never knew of orconfcntcd to the recciviug any tlic Inialkil: 
 pre ent, either from the nrbob or from Mahomed Rcza Cawn. 
 
 14. Although we will not take upon us to declare, tliat we entirely approve of the co- 
 venants in the form in which they have been tranlmitted ; yet we arc pcrfuadcd, from 
 ihe inftances juft related, that fo p.e reftraint is neceffary, to prevent the abule of the 
 cufloii ary indulgence to receive prcfents. This indulgence has certainly been extended 
 to the moft fliamcful opprefTion and flagrant corruption, and is otherwife attended with 
 manifold inconveniences to the fervice. We therefore determined immediately to enforce 
 your inflruftions relative to thoie obligations, and to bind clown by laws all fuch as arc 
 not to be checked by a icnfe of honour and juftice. You will accordingly obferve, that 
 carrying thofe orders into ftrift execution throughout every department, civil and mili-f, t 
 tary, was amongft the earlieft tranfaftions of your fcleft committee. ^. 
 
 15. We al("> took an early opportunity of confidering the tendency of your repealed • 
 inflruftions for recalling free merchants, and other Europeans, who, without the leaft 
 claim to your protefliou from indentures, were neverthelcfs permitted to rclidc up the 
 country, and in all the different parts of the nab,>b's dominions. Sorry we arc to ob- 
 ferve, that this indulg nee has frequently given birth to grievous afts of inl'ult and op- 
 preflion, at places remote from the prefidency and fwbordinate fa<Sories ; and that car- 
 rying your order- into execution became daily more nece/Tary. By this msafurc, hpw-*, . 
 ever, the bufinels of your fervants will fufFer confldcrably from their being now obliged^, ; 
 to employ black Gomaftahs on many affairs that dem md the vigour and aftivity of tu-jc 
 rdpeans. Hence likewife will many perfons of real merit be deprived the mean»,_: 
 of fubfiftence ; yet, in confideration that private intercft muft give way to public be-, j 
 ncfit, and that it is our duty to cliey where your immediate iaterefls do not abfolutely 
 Bcquire a deviation from your orders, we determined to call all the Europeans refiding 
 vip the country, under proteftion of the Englilh name, by theaifcof Oftober next,,, 
 and have, fcr that purpol'e, circulated advertilements and orders to the different fub-., 
 ordinatcs, 
 
 16. Regulating the coi:ntry government was the next objcft of our attention. We 
 found the nabob highly difi'atisfied with the plenary powers veiled in Mahon.cd Rcza 
 Ca '.n ; who, by virtue of the treaty, afted in quality of prime minifler, and c joyed 
 uncontrouled authority. This unlimited Avay, lodged in the hands of a fingle perlon, 
 appeared dangerous to the p.elent eftablifhnicnt, which we thought it becoming tlie 
 company's honour to m.aintain, as having been folcmnly ratified by the i^overnor and 
 council. To amend tlie very obvious defn^ls in the t.eaty, without overi'etti g the prin- 
 ciples on which it w.is founded, was confiftfitt with equity, while it met with the na- 
 bob's own approbation ; and the mod effeftual means of doing this fcemed to us to con- 
 fifl in an equal partition of miniflerial influence. As Mahomed's RezaCawn's fhort admi- 
 jiiftration was irreproachable, wc determined to continue him in a Ihare of the autho- 
 rity; at the fame time that we afiociated with him men of weight and ch.iraftcr, lb ,; 
 that each becaine a check on the conduft of the others. Accordingly we flxed on Jug- . 
 gut Scet and Roydullub, for the reafons alfigned in the proceedings ; and we now have 
 the plcafure to acqitaint you, that the bufmcfs of the government goes on .with unani- 
 mity, vigour, and difpatch. 
 
 17. By the htd dilpntches you were advifed, that Shuja Dowlah was making frcfh and 
 formidable prepjr itions to penetrate a fecond time in the nabob's dominions. He had found 
 means to engage Mulhah, a confiderable Marattah chief, in his alliance ; and if the judicious 
 and vigorous meafures pL-rfued by general Carnac had not prevented a ju:iftion of the nume- 
 rous forces deft incd for this invafion, a ruinous war rnuft have been fupportcd tiirough the 
 courfe of another campaign. The enemy's fituation rendered their defign ft)r fome time un- 
 certain, and o liged tlie general to gieat circumfpec^ion in his movementsj led he fliotdd 
 leave the frontiers expo'ed. Having however, at length, received undoubted advice they 
 had taken the K-irah Road, he fufp;;<Scd their intention was to fall upon Sir Robert Fletcher, 
 who commanded a fepcrate corps in that diftrid. Ace ;rdingly he made fome forced marches 
 
 to
 
 <( 
 
 APPENDIX. N*. 86. 
 
 to efFeft a junSion, which he happily accompliflifd, and the united army moved in ' purfuit of 
 the enemy. On the 3d of Mav the general came up, attacked, and entirely defeated them ; 
 in confcquencc of which Shujd Dowiuh feperated from his allies, while the Marattahs retired 
 with prccipiation towards the Jumma. In U6t, this hlow appears to have been deciive - 
 for Shuja Dowlah never again attempted to join the Marattahs, who, obfcrving the general 
 dropt the purfuit in order to watch the vizier, made a fccond effort to re-enter Korah, in 
 which they Were dil'appointed. Pcrfuaded, that to (top the incurfions it would be neceflary 
 to drive thcni beyond the Jumma, the general crofTed the river the 22J, didodged them fron» 
 their poft on the ©[jpofitc fide, and obliged them to retire to the hills Here he quitted his 
 purfuit, and returned to his ftations at Jajeman, to receive Shuja Uowlah, who had inti- 
 mated a d;;rirj of fubmitting to whatever condition we fhould think fit to prefcribe. His 
 letter to the general exprefies his feelings; and the reception he met within our camp was 
 fuch as policy diitated Ibould be given to a vanquifhcd enemy of Shuja Dowlah's rank and 
 charadler. 
 
 18. A peace with the Vizier became the next immediate objeft of our deliberations 5 
 3n adjufling which, we endeavoured to extend our views beyond the prefent advantages 
 that might polllbly be obtained. We regarded Shujali Dowlah's pcrfonal character, and 
 high reputation over the whole empire, the lituation of his country which we had con- 
 quered, and the great rifque and expence of maintaining this conquefl, if we clofcd with 
 the plan adopted by the late governor and council of giving it up to Nudjulf Cawn, wha 
 had neither weight of reputation nor of force fuffieient to keep poireHlon, nor to form 
 a fecurc ba'^rier to the nabob's dominions. The words of our inflrudtions to Lord Clive, 
 when he left the prefulcncy to adjull the conditions of a peace, expreis the Icntiments 
 which wc ftill entertain on this fubjcft : " Experience having fhewn that an influence 
 *' maintained by force of arms is deflruftive of that commercial fpirit which wc ought 
 •' to promote, ruinous to ilic company and oppreflivc to the country ; wc carncftly re- 
 *♦ commend 10 your Lordlhip, that you will caccrt ysjur utmofl endeavours to conciliate 
 *' the afFeftions of the country powers, to remove any jealoufy they may entertain of 
 *' our unbounded ambition, and to convince them we aim not at conqueft and dominion, 
 *' but fecurity in carrying on a free trade equally beneficial to them and to us.'* 
 
 " With this view poliey requires, that our demands be moderate and equitable, and 
 that we avoid every appearance of an inclination to enlarge our territorial poffelfions. 
 *' The facrihce of conque.ls which wc nuilt hold on a very precarious tenure, and at an 
 " cxpcnce more tiian equivalent to their revenues, is of little confcqucnce to us; yet 
 *' will fuch reftitut'ion imprefs them with a high opinion of 'our gcnerolity and juftice." 
 
 *' For thcfc rea'"ons wc think Sluija D/vvlah ihould be reinftated in the full poireifion 
 " of all his djmlnions, with fuch limitations only as he mull fee arc evidently calcu- 
 " latcd for our mutual benefit. We wouUl decline infilling upon any terms that muft 
 *' prove irkfomc to his high fpirit, and imply a liifpicien of his fincericy ; retaining pof- 
 *' fclhon of any of his ftro.ij holds, inav polfibly be deemed a necefTary pledge of his 
 *' fidelity : For our parts we would rather confider it as the refburcc of future con- 
 *' tention, and an uancecfiary burthen to the company, unlets it be one day propofed 
 *' to refu nc the thoughts of extending their dominions : A meafurc very oppolite to the 
 *« fcntimcnts in which we left the court of diredtors." 
 
 19, Agrccabic to thefe inftruftions, his Lordlhip and General Carnac concluded a 
 treaty of peace with Sluija Dowlah, that will, if any thing can, fecurc his friendfhip 
 and fidelity, and render the public tranquility permanent. They found him avcrfc to 
 to the eflab'.ifliment of faftories in his dominions, v/hich he confidcred as laying the 
 foundation of a future rupture, and the only thing that could poffibly difturb our army; 
 he very juftly obfcrvcJ tliat our encroachments in Bengal, the great abufc of the com- 
 pany's fervants. and extraordinary extcnfiDn of the privileges originally granted to the 
 tnglifli, had been produftive of much confulion and blooduied in Bengal, and he feared 
 might produce fimilar confcqucnces in his country. Accordingly Lord Clive and Ge- 
 neral Carnac judged it advifeable to omit the word P'actories in the treaty; but with- 
 out relin<iuifhing the right, fhould it be found expedient after mature deliberation to 
 enforce it. To fjieak our own fcntimcnts freely, wc can forefcc no benefit that can 
 arifc to the company from maintaing fcttlcmcnts at (b vaft a diflancc from the prefi- 
 dency, whatever advantages may arile to their fervants. At leafl the profpcdl is fo re- 
 mote, while tlic cxpcnces arc (b certain, the risk fo evident, and the dilputcs it will oc- 
 cafion fo probable, that wc are at prefent of opinion the faftory lately cftablifhed at Bc- 
 narat ought immediately to be withdrawn; we mean as foon as the agreement between 
 the company and Bulwant Sing is expired. The limits of the nabob's dominions arc 
 fufficicnt to anlwer all our purpoies. Tliefe wc think ought to conflitutc the boundaries, 
 rot only of all your territorial pod'ellions and influence in thcic parts, but of youn 
 commerce alfo, fincc by the grafping at more you endanger the fafety of thofe im- 
 menfc revenues, and that well-founded power, which you now enjoy, without the hope 
 of obtaining an adequate advantage. 
 
 20. With relpeft to the articles of the treaty, you will ohfcrve that a fufficicnt provifion 
 isfccurcd for the iuppoit of the King'* honour and dignity, without tlangcr af his becoming a 
 future incumbrance; and that 20 lacks yearly are granted lohim on the revcnucsof Bengal: z 
 revenue far more coiifidcrablc than he ever before enjoyed. — In gratitude tor this inftance 
 of our attention to his intcrelt, his Majcfly has been plcaled to bellow on the com- 
 pany the moft important grants ever yet obtained by any European ftatc from the 
 Mogul court. Beildcs confirming to the company all their former poffcflions, and fe-
 
 APPENDIX. NO 86. 
 
 curing to tliem the reverfion in perpetuity of Lord Clive's Jagheer, he lias confered 
 on them the Dewanny of Bengal, Bahar, and OrilTa, and ratified in the ftrongeft terms 
 the agreement we propofed concluding with the nabob, if the King's confent coulc: be pro- 
 
 j-urec) ; Subjefts which it will be neceiiary to explain in a (eparatc paragraph : — Another 
 
 article ftipulates that Shuja Dowlah fhall pay*- the company fifty lacks of rupees by way of 
 indemnification for the charges incurred by the war.This indemnification we know is inade- 
 quate; but his circumftanccswould not afford more without opprelfing the country,and thereby 
 layine the foundation of future contention and trouble, and accordingly you will per- 
 ceive that no money is granted for any other conlideration whatever: As to furreii- 
 
 derine Coflim Ally, Sombrec, and the delerters, compliance with fuch a demand is now 
 utterly out of his power. The former, we hear, lias fought fhelter in the RohilUh 
 country, and the latter refides under the protection of the Jauis, (kreened both from 
 Shuja Dowlah and from us ; fo that making; this an eflential preliminary would be highly 
 vinreafonable and abfurd. Howeyer, it is llipulatcd that they never meet with encourage- 
 ment or affiriancc from Shuja Dowlah, or be ever again admitted into his country. Upon 
 the whole we have paid fuch regard to bhuja Dowlah's charafter and intereft, and to 
 what juftice as well as policy requires, without any the fmallcft facrifice of your honour 
 or intereft, that we entertain the n;oft flattering hope, this treaty of peace will be lalting, 
 and our frontiers on that quarter perfectly fecure againft future invafions. 
 
 21. The time now approaches when we may be able to determine with fome degree of 
 certainty, whether our remaining as merchants fubjefted to the jurifdiftion, encroach- 
 ments, and infults of the country government, or the iupporting your privileges and 
 polTeflions by the fword, are likely to prove moft beneficial to the company. Whatever 
 may be the confequence, certain it is, that after having once begun and proceeded to 
 fuch lengths, we have been forced to go on from flep to ftep, until your whole pofTefiiona 
 were put to the rifle by every revolution afFefted, and every battle fought. To apply 
 a remedy to thefe evils by giving flability and permanency to your government, is now 
 and has been, the conftant objedt of the ferious attention of your I'eleft committee. 
 
 22. 1 he perpetual llruggles tor fuperiority between the nabobs and your agents, together 
 with the recent proofs before us of notorious and avowed corruption, have rendered us unani- 
 moufly of opinion, after the moft mature deliberation, that no other method could be fuggeft- 
 ed of laying the axe to the root of all thcle evils, than that of obtaining the dewanny of 
 BKn<ral, Bahar, and Orifla, for ;ihe com)any : By eftablifiiing the power of the great 
 Mogul, we have likewife eftabl-fliing his rights, and his Majefty from principles of gratitude- 
 equity, and policy, has thought proper to beftow this important employment on the company,, 
 the nature of which is, the collecting all the revenues, and after defraying the expences of the 
 aimy, and allowing a fufficient fund for the fupport of the Nizamut, to remit the remainder to 
 Delhi, or wherever the king (hall rcfide or direft. But as the king has been gracioufly 
 pleafed to bellow on the company for ever fuch lurplus as fhall arilc from the revenues, 
 upon certain flipulations and agreements exprefl'ed in the Sunnud, we have fettled with 
 the nabob, with his own free will and conient, that the fum of 53 l.cks fh-U be an- 
 nually paid to him for the fiipport of his dij^nity and contingent expences, exclufive 
 of the charge of maintaining an army which is to be ilcfrayed out of the revenues ceded 
 to the company by this royal grant cf the Dewanny. And indeed the nabob has 
 abundant realbn to be well latisfied with the conditions of his agreement, whereby a. 
 fund is fecured to him without trouble or danger, adequate to all the purpol'es of fuclt, 
 <rrandeur and happinefs, as a man of his I'entiments has any conception of enjoying: — 
 More would ferve only to dil1:urb his <|uiet, endanger his government, and lap the foun- 
 dation of that folid tlrudlure of power and wealth, which at length h s happily reared 
 and conipleatcd by the company after a vaft expence of blood and treafure. 
 
 23. By this acquilition of the Dewanny, your poflefhons and iniiuence are rendered 
 psrma.ient and fecure, iincc no future nabob will either have power or riches fufficient 
 to attempt your overthrow, by means either of force or corruption. All revolutions 
 muft henceforward be at an end, as there will be no fund for fecret fervices, for dor»a- 
 tions or for rcftitutions. The nabob cannot anfwer the expeftaiions of the venal and 
 mercenary, nor will the company comply with demands injurious to themfelves, out of 
 their own revenues. — The experience of years has convinced us, that a divtfion of power 
 is. impofTible without generating dilcontcnt, and hazarding the whole. — All muft belong 
 cither to the company or to the nabob, and we leave you to judge which alternative is the 
 moft defirable, and the moft expedient inthe prefent circumftances of affairs. Astoourfelves 
 wc know of no fyftcm we could adopt, that could lels affed the nabob's dignity, and ad 
 the fame time fecure the company againft the fatal eifedls of future revolutions, than 
 this of the Dewanny. The power is now lodged where it can only be lodged wi h fafcty 
 to us; fo that wc may pronounce with fome dcgrc; of confidence, that the worft that 
 will happen in future to the company, will proceed from temporary ravages only ; which 
 can never become fo general as to prevent your revenues from yielding a fufficient fund 
 to defray your civil and military charges, and furniih your inveftmcnts. 
 
 24. But to fecure thofe valuable pofl'cflions, a conftant regard muft he paid to your mili- 
 tary cftabliflimcnts. By the regimental returns which we inclofc in the packet, and. 
 whicVv arc very cxa£t, yoy will lee, at one view, the deplorable condition of our 
 infantry ; to compleat which, agreeable to your direftions, and to the propofals 
 made by lord Clive, not lef's than nine hundred men will fuffice. We there. 
 fgrc moft eareftly requeft that you will, next year, fi:nd out twelve or fourteen 
 hundred men for this cftabliftimcnt, giving fuch peremptory orders as muft be obeyed, 
 tUaC flone of this number be detained, upon any confidcration, upon the coaft of Co- 
 
 romandel.
 
 APPENDIX, N^o. S6. 
 
 tomnndcl. Our numbers once complcatet!, wc fliall require, for the fccurity of your inimcnfe 
 polllilionj in tliis country not more tlian lix liundrci! recruits to be lent luit annually, in the 
 following manner, viz. five hundred infantry, fixty artillery, twenty cavalry, and twenty fcr- 
 jcants for the feapoys. To this number muft be added, thirty volunteers an 1 officers; anl it 
 would he of the utiiiofl: benctit to our plan, that you fend out, cverv veai, im or fever! gendc- 
 inen from the acailemy at \V oohvich for artillery officers ; this l>eing a Icrvice that tuftera Ca- 
 tremely, for want of perfons properly inftrufted to conduft it ; iince no oflkcr, aV'ho i^nows the 
 iienelit of the infantry fervicc here, will clwjfe to i^uit it for any advantage Ihc artillery wilt 
 afford. 
 
 25. Already wc feel the good cfFefts of regimenting your troops; difciplinc, fubordi nation, 
 occonomy, begin to take place. Hail General Carnac's merit been much greater, if pofiiblc, 
 than it is, he could not effeft this of himfelf, unaiTifted as he was ty field olliccrs, and thwarted, 
 as he always has been, by the late governors and councils. Wc have already ifluttl our orders 
 lor ftrikii-.g off half the double Ualta, and fliall, in a very few Jays, put your forces entirely ^ 
 upon a footing with the troops on the coafl of Coromandel, which will be reducing your 
 military cxpcnces as low as they cm well boar, confiftcntly with your iiitercft Mil the good of 
 the fervicc. 
 
 26. Before we quit this fub)ccl, wc muft requcft, in tl'.c ftrongcft manner, that you will 
 fupply us, for the tirft year, with ic,ooo ftanils of imall arms, and afterwards with 4^)0:5 
 annually, whicli will in future anfwcr all our demands, if proper care be taken in the purchajO. 
 Of late years, the bad quality of your fmall arms, in general, ha, expofcd your polVeflions to 
 tlie greateft rilk and danger. The locks are ill iinilhed, and the metal fo badly tempered a- 
 not to ftand the heat of the fun, in this climate. We arc therefore iierlnadcd it would piove 
 in the end, nnicli to your advantage, if you purchafed all the fmall arms of the fame per- 
 fons who furnilh the government, and i)ay at the rates of 27 inftcad of iS Ihillings per 
 •firelock ; fincc experience denionftrates they will continue fcrviceablc for double tlic time with- 
 out being liable to the inconveniencies above reprefcntcd. The iron-founder, whcuii you fcnt 
 out in the Kent, died on his paflage to tiiis place ; but as the cafting of fhot and Ihclls in tiiis 
 country is an objeft of great importance, we ftrongly recommend that you will fupply the ioh 
 as foon as pofliblc, by lending three or four perfons well vcrfed in that bulincfs, thai our whole 
 dcfign may nor be fruftrated by fuch an accident in future, k alio merits your ferious ccn- 
 lideration to provide, by every pofTible means, againft the illicit -importation of fmall arms to 
 your fettlemcnts in India, ami particularly in Bengal. Of late years this has become a profit- 
 able branch of trade with the European captains, as well as tliat of furnifliing the natives with 
 ammunition ; and they elude the fearches of your oflicers, by fending round liiiall vellcis to 
 meet them at lea in certain latitudes, or to TcncrifFand Saint Jago, or clfewhere, out of 
 the reach of your enquiries. However, as their continuing fuch prafticcs any longer may 
 prove fatal in their confcquences to all your poflefiions in this country,' we earneftly exhort, 
 tlrat you will immediately apply the moft cffeftual remedy you can fuggeft, either l>y way of 
 prevention, or by the vigorous and exemplary punifliment of the offenders. At tlie fame time 
 you may depend we will take every ftep in our ])o\ver to detecl the Icaft breach of your orders 
 on this head, and obftruftthc tale of all kinds ot firearms. 
 
 27. Having obferved the reluftancc that appeared in bidding for your farms, at the laft fair 
 of your lands in the Burdwan province, the great annual deliciency in the collections, and the 
 numberlefs complaints made of grievous cxaiJtior.^ and cpprefiions, wc determined, u])on Mr. 
 johnftone's rcfigning vour fervice to appoint Mr. Vcrelft, in quality of fupervifor of tho(c 
 revenues, in order to form the beft judgment poUible Of the caufc of this yearly deficiency of 
 
 ■ the real value of the lands, the beft method of iiiiproving and letting them ; and alfo to pro- 
 cure the neceli'ary materials for a plan to conduff the collections, in future, in fuch manner 
 as fliall appear moft conducive to your intcreft and likely to promote the happincls of the 
 people. It is with pleafure we acquaint you, that -vvc iiavc the greateft rcafon to be fatisfied 
 v.ith Mr. Verclft's attcnrion to the fcveral objects recommended, and the diligence he has ex- 
 erted during Ids fliort refulence in that country ; of which you may form for.ie judgment from 
 his memorial to the (oinmittce, annexed to (>iir j)roceedings of the I4tl; of September. 
 
 28. It was in cont'e<juencc of this memorial that wc formed our relblution of that date, to 
 withdraw the faftory, and alio to recal the riicmbcr of tiie board refideiu at Miitnapoor, the 
 colloftions and bilftncl's of which may as conveniently be tranfafted by a junior fervant, at a 
 much lefs expenco. IVIany arc the inconveniences, befides the extraordinary charges incur- 
 red, that rcfult from fuch apiiointments, which wc conliJer as neceflary only at thole fub- 
 ordinates where your principal invcftmcnts arc made. We are convinced, by very late experi- 
 ence, that the moft flagrant opjireffions mav be wantonly coiimiitted in thoie employments, 
 by members of the board, which wou-ld not be tolerated in junior fervaiKs, and that the dreail 
 and awe annexed to their ftation, as counccllors, has too frequently fkrcencd them from com- 
 plaints, which would be lodged, without fear or fcruple, againft inferior fcrvants. 
 
 29 But there are other manifold inconveniencies, of ftill more pernicious efieft to the fer- 
 vicc, that rcfult from thofe appointments : Hence it was found necelfary to enlarge the coimcil 
 from twelve to fixtecn members, that there might be a fulfkient number to conduft the bufi- 
 ncfs of the prefulencv, ami alfo to manage your affairs at the out fettlemcnts, either in quality 
 
 ( f ) ^^
 
 APPENDIX, No. 86. 
 
 ■•■of chiefs or vefidcnts. What is the confequence, Jnit fuch perpetual changes a-nd rcvo'.jtions 
 : at the board as render it impolnble for any of the members to acquire a competent kno'.vi;tlj^e 
 
 ■ -of your interefts, and of the particular duty of their own ftation, Tiiis incrcafc in the number 
 
 ■ of the board is alfo produ£\ive of a further inconvenience, of the decpcft concern to your iii- 
 tereft, in the prel'ent lituationof your affair. To keep up to the letter of your inftruftions, we 
 jnuft till the vacancies in council from tire next in luccellion, without regard to tlie qualifi- 
 cations thev podei's for tlie dilcharge of fo important a truft; and thus commit into tin. hand< 
 of rafh, inexperienced and i_<;;norant young men, the coiiduft of a fyftem of govcrnmuit vvhicli 
 cJeaiands the dilcretion, judgirrcnr, and fteadinels of more advanced years anil longer fervices. 
 
 '. Circumflances . are now widely different from wiiat they ■vvere a few years Cnce, when you 
 
 • confinal your vvlwle attention to commerce, and were liappy in being able to complete 
 your iiiveftmcnts without infult or exaftion from the country government. You are now 
 become the fovereigns of a rich and potent kingdom ; your (uccefs is beheld with jcaloufy by 
 
 • tlie other European nations who maintain fettlemcnts in India, and your intercAs are fo ex- 
 tended, fo complicated, and fo conncfted with thofe of the feveral furrounding powers, as to 
 
 • form a nice and di Ificult fyftem of politics. 
 
 ' •-.'JO. Tliele weighty conilderations determined us to avoid filling the vacancies lately oc- 
 
 ■■■■ cahoncd in council by the death of Mr. BiUers, and rehgiiatlon of Mrllrs. Johnftonc and 
 
 JJurdet. We carefully examined your orders, vel'peSing tlie appointment of a board. Wc 
 
 compared the different paragraphs of your letter, tiie more clearly to ai'certain the fpirit of 
 
 your inftruftions ; and are unanimous incur opinion your re.uoiis for cncrcafmg the number 
 
 . of the board were-founded on a fuppofition that this meafure would conduce to the benetit of 
 
 ; tlie Ccmpa^nv. Exjjericncc convinces us of the contrary ; and we fliall be wanting in duty to 
 
 ^ our coaftitiients, if, from a Icrvile regard to the letter, we ncg!e£led the evident fcnfe and 
 
 ■ meaning of your inftruftions bv admitting to the goveriiinent of your nlTairs, a number of pcr- 
 ! fop.s who have certainly no other claim to this diltmiftion tl:an that of ilanding next in lucctff.on. 
 
 ■ It isvvith the utnioft regret we think it incumljcnt on us to declare that in the whole lift of your 
 junior merchants there are not more than three or tourgentlemefi whom we could polsibly recom- 
 
 ■ mend to higherftations at prelent. In this number, juftice requires we fiiould mention Mr- 
 
 ■ Campbell, fecrctary to this committee, whofe abilities and indefatigable diligence, of which 
 we had the moft convincing proof in the courfc of our proceedings, entitle him to this inftance 
 of our regard, and to your particular notice; and, as the lame qualifications will diftmguilh 
 him in any ftation'of yoar fervice, it is our joint rcqueft that you wnll pleafe to remove the 
 reflriftion on his riling, as a covenant fei-v^ant, and fuffer hiin to take rank according to the 
 (late of his appointment. At all times it has been found expedient to deviate occafionally 
 Trc'in this general rule-of preferring fcniority. It now becomes your indifpenlible duty to ad- 
 
 • niit no claim but that of merit, it you would prcferve the valuable polJlJlioiis vou enjoy, and 
 1 realize the very near prpfpeft you have of eftablifliing your affairs on lo firm and folid a bails 
 
 • 6s nothing but mifcondcii can overfet. So much rcfts with the board, that in your judicious, 
 impartial IclciTtion of the members, it depends, whether you hold a foot of land, and enjoy a 
 ']>rivi!ege, in Bengal, or wlietlKr you continue in polFellion of the moft ample revenues, and 
 txtcniive influence ever eftablillied by any European mercantile body. We thercfo;-e moft 
 
 ■ e;uneft!y exhort you, that no conlidcration of favour and jnejudice be luffered to bias you in 
 
 the important buiinefs of compofing your council, and that no other diftin^ftion be admitted, 
 
 ' except what is due to ability, to integrity and faithtu! tiTential fcr\ices. Were we to rpc:;k 
 
 • our fentiments further, we would confels it to be bur firm opinion, for.nded on the ex- 
 perience now before us, that the bufinefs of this government can never fo etfe£lua!lv be con- 
 duced, as by a ielc£f, unanimous committee. By dlvidi.ng die power into many hands, vou 
 weaken the authority, promote dilfention, and deprive your meafures of that fecrccy, fteadi- 
 
 ■nefs, vigour, and difpatch, neceliary to their fucce.s. The lame means by w!)ich you ob- 
 tained the great advantages you novv enjoy, muft be continued and conftantly exerted to fecurs 
 and- perpetuate them : And, indeed, wc can think of no other form of government fa well 
 adapted, fo perfefUy congenial to your particular jjrcfent cicninftaiices in Bengal. 
 
 31. It will not be necellary, we apprehend, to dwell upon a refutation oftlie flimfy, hut r|)C- 
 clous arguments advanced by Mr. LeycelUr for immcdiateiy filling up lliC vacancies at the 
 board, and purluing the literal Icnfe of your inftruifions, wlurc you enlarge the board to lix- 
 teen : We have already (hewn, and Mr. Lycefter, does not deny it, that the buiinefsot Burd- 
 vvan and Midnapoor may be conducted to greater advantage by junior fervants than by mem- 
 ■bers of council. We have alfo flicwn, that enlarging the council, beyond the number re- 
 quired for the biilinefs of the prefidency and lubordinates has proved injurious to the Company. 
 He knows it i-, our determination that fcven or eight memiKrs IhouUl conftantly refide at tlic 
 preiideney, while all proper attention ihall be given to your iiiveftments andcolleftions ; and 
 this wc certainly judge to be the fjiirit of your oiders. But if that gentleman means that no 
 aft can be valid that is executed by a lefs number of agents than you have cxprefsly appointed, 
 he renders foid every deed, covenant, contr.ift and obligation, entered intoby the council, lince 
 ► the firft eftablilhincnt of this fcttlcment. He even renders null and of no effeft tlie treaty with 
 .-(the prcfeiu Nabob, in .which he liimfelf had a principal fhare, and-wliich we believe is not 
 
 lignctl
 
 APPENDIX, No. gs'^. 
 
 figned by more than Inlf the Company's agents. In a w*orcl, \vc forefee To many inconvcni- 
 encics cont'cquent en a literal compliance with your inftruftions, that our duty obliges us to 
 lulptnd, and we tliiiir. our powers authorize us in ful'pcnding, at leaft, it" not rcvokmg, ihotc 
 orders, until your fuithcr plcafurc be known. 
 
 32. By conlulting our proceedings of the lOth of Auguft and i8th September, you 
 ■will be able to judge of the progrefs we have made in carrying your orders into exe- 
 cution, relative to the trade in lalt, beetle nut, and tobacco, 'lliis fiibjcft we confidcrcd 
 "with all the attention pofHIil?, and regard to your intereA: and the good of the fcrvice. 
 W'e found, that to remove the inconveniencies of a free trade, prevent the opprclfions 
 daily committed, fave tiiis valuable article of commerce from ruin, and dift'ufe the 
 benefits refulting indilcriminately among all your fcrvants intitlcJ to diiftucks, it was 
 ncceirary to veil the whole in an exclufive company compofed of the three firft clafle^ 
 of your covenanted fcrvants, the field officers, cha))bins, and hcad-furgeons. In admitting 
 the iield-ofHcers, and llating the proportions allotted to each clafs, wc had particii'ar 
 "regard to the prefent fituatioa of your council and fiehl-ofiiccrs, who arc now excluded 
 many emoluments they before enjoyed. It is our opinion, that C-ientlemcn \v!io have 
 
 ■ rilcn to their ftations with credit and reputation are certainly entitled to fomething more 
 Than a iubliftence ; they even have a right to expefl fuch advantages in your ici\ ice ;.s 
 may enable them to return in a few years with independence to their native country. 
 With refpcift to the Company, wc are unanimbuily of opinion, it is more for their 
 intcrcft to be confidered as liiperrors than proprietors; and as the faid royal grant of 
 the dewanny renders the nth article unnecclVary, we are theeby enabled to fubltft the 
 trade to a duty which will produce a clear annual revenue of liO,cco poimds lierling. 
 Whatever furplus of their revenues the Company may find themfelves poficfled of, after 
 dilcharging all the' demands on this prefidency, we may imaa;ine mav be employed muih 
 more to their benefit, in fupporring and extending the China trade, and aflifling tha 
 Wants of the other prefidencies. However, fliould it either appear, that we have miftakem 
 the Company's real intcrclt, or that the protits of the trade will admit of cncrcaled 
 duties, it is our refolution to give all poffible fatisfaftion on theft points to our honourable 
 mailers, and to lay before you a fair, full, and candid rcprcl'cntation of the amount of 
 the cofts, charges, and fales of the firll year, 
 
 33. We think it incumbent on us to obferve, that the management of this important 
 huiincfs was committed to Mr. Sumner. If the plan therefore Ihould prove fo fortunate 
 as to meet your a])piobation, the merit is chiefly due to that Gentleman, who fpared no 
 pains to acquire a thorough inlight into the luhje£l, at the fame time that he difcharged 
 the <luties of the prelidency during Lord Clivc's abfence much to ourfatisfaftion. Mr. 
 Sumner would have chearfullv accepted the poll of refident at the Durbar, nbw grown an 
 employment of tonletjucnce lince the grant of the dewanny ; but we judged it to be 
 tnore becoming his ilation, more agreeable to your intention, and inore for the benefit of 
 the fervice, that he fliould remain at the prefidency, to take charge of tlie government in cafe 
 of Lord Clive's abfence. Wc therefore determined to appoint Mr. Sykcs to the Dutbar, as hi 
 has already fufficitntly manifefted his capacity and diligence in that employment. 
 
 34. When thefe dil'patchcs are finiflicd, we refolve to apply ourfelves heartily to th« 
 reformation of the abulbs which have crept into almoll all your public offices, and every 
 department civil and military. The talk is arduous, but not impraftieable ; and we arc 
 alfured it becomes highly nccefiary to the fervice. The lame unanimity that has enabled 
 the Committee to dilpatch fo great avaricty of important affairs fince their eflablifhmcnt, 
 
 •' fliall, 'We hope, be firmly continued and Tigotouily cxertctl, until we have atcomplinicd 
 ^very end propofed at our appointment, vmtil we have ftemmed the t6rrentof luxury and 
 rorruption, and cftabriiljcd a fpirit of induflrv, trcononiv, and integrity, throughout 
 every clafs of your fervants. 
 
 35. Wtf beg leave to conclude with afluting you, that it is the highell ambition of thi? 
 ■'Committee, tt) merit the contidence repofed in them, by promoting, with their utmolt 
 
 diligence and abilities, the honour and intereft of the Lall India Company, which h:wt 
 ever been the objeft of their inoft fervent wilhes. 
 
 Wc have the honour to be with refpe£t, Honourable Sirs, 
 
 •Your moft faithful huiiibk Servants, 
 
 Fort William, the 30th Clive. 
 
 September 1765. Win. B. Sumner. 
 
 John C.irnac. 
 H. Vereia. 
 Iras. Sykcs. 
 
 Stipplemeiu,
 
 A "P P E N D 1 X., Nq.'86. 
 
 "Supplement. 
 36.'In jufticc to tlic memory of the late Nabob Mccr JafFier, we think it incumbent 
 
 oa 
 
 OS to acquaint you, that the hoi-rible niaiikcres wlierewith he is ciiarged by Mr. HoKvell, 
 Tn his " aildrels to the proprietors ot Eaft-lndia bilock," (p. 46) are cruel alpcrlions on 
 the chariftcr of that prince, which have not the leaft foundation in truth. Tlie feveral 
 pcrfons there aflirmcd, and \v!io have been generally thought to have been murdered by 
 his order, are all now living, except two, who were put to death by Meeran, witliout 
 tiic Nabob's confcnt or knowledge ; and it is with additional fatisfaftion we can aiTurc 
 you, that they were lately rclcafed from connntnicnt by the prefent Subaii ; which fully 
 evinces the entire confidence he repoles in the Company's proteftion, againft all attacks 
 on his government. 
 
 37. We are further to acquaint you, that, not fatisfied with paying all due attention 
 fo the confirmation and fecurity of your poU'eirions in Bengal, Lord Clive lias alio 
 obtained from the king Sunnuds lor the five Nortiiern provinces, and the Ibongeft ratifi- 
 cation, under his majcfly's hand and i'eal, of all your former grants in the Carnatic. 
 
 38. Mr. Sykes has exerted his utmoft diligence in procuring an cxa£t eftimate of the 
 amount of the revenues of the Nabob's dominions, of which you are now not only the 
 cnlle^lors but the proprietors ; and we were in hopes of tranlnutting an accurate account 
 of t!ie fame by the Admiral Stevens ; but the books of tlic Sircar arc fo much behind, 
 fo many balances are outflanding, and I'uch negligence appears in the collcdion of the 
 ■revenues for fome years pad, owing, in fomc nicalurc, to the conftant difturbances in 
 tbe country, which prevented any regular coUeftions from being made, that he has not 
 been able yet to fucceed to his entire fatisfaftion ; and we therefore think it better to 
 poftpone the lubjeft till our next diipatches, when we can write with precifion and 
 certainty. At prefent, we can only affirm, that the acquifition of the dewanny, and the 
 agreement with the Nabob, will necelFary turn out a prodigious encreafc of your revenues, 
 at the fame time they muft give ftability to your power and influence. 
 
 39. You will obferve, in our general letter from the public department, what has 
 palled in council on the fubjeft of the donation to the navy, which is, indeed, no more 
 than a tranfcript of our conlultations. We here think it necefiary to remark, that we 
 cannot, in the prefent circumftances of your affairs, and confiftently with our late en- 
 gagements with the Nabob, either take upon us to pay lb large a demand out of your 
 revenues, or iriiift on the Nabob's paying it out of his limited ftipend ; more efpecially 
 as it appears that the donation to the navy was never voluntary, but obtained from 
 Meer jaffier by dint of Iblicitations, and other means which never had his entire 
 approbation. 
 
 40. It is with fome regret we acquaint you, that wc apprehend it will be neceffary 
 ■to refunie our late enquiry into the condudt of the Gentlemen of the deputation, having 
 juft received information from Nundcoraar of further I'ums paid to them out of the Nabob's 
 treafury, during their refidence at Muxadabad. Mr. ]ohnllone makes a principal and 
 confpicuous figure in this account alfo, having obtained a very large fum befides what is 
 fpecified in the dlftribution-lift, or the narratives of Mahomed Re/.a Cawn and Juggut 
 Sect, wiilch, with the funis received by the other Gentlemen, fully accounts for the 
 Nabob^s aliertions, in his letter addreffed to the Committee. The neccfiity wc are under 
 of dilpatchijig the fhip, in order to receive the carliefl; notice of your Icn'.imcnts on our 
 proceedings, and your further inftruftions, prevents our entering immediately upon the 
 enquiry ; of which, however, you may be allured, we fliall tranfmit a faithful and 
 particular account in our next advices. 
 
 Wc have the honour to be, with refpeft, honourable Sir*, 
 
 Your moll faithful humble Servants, 
 
 Fort William, the i ft Clive. 
 
 Oftobcr, 1765. Wm. B. Sumner, 
 
 ]ohn Carnac. 
 H. Verelft. 
 Fras. Sykes. 
 
 No. 87.
 
 I' P E :<' D I X. No. 37 88. 
 
 No. &7. 
 
 Copy of a kttii- from Lord Crrj< ta IFm. B. Summr, Ej'quire, isic. Gentlemen of the SelcH Csm- 
 mittee, dated Great Gaiigcf, nth July, ly^S- 
 
 To Wm. B. Sumner, Eiq; 6cc. Gentlemen of the Select ComiDittce. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 1x7" F, have often lamented that the Gentlemen of council, by precipitating the late trtafy, 
 hail loft the mod g'orloii? opportunity thnt could ever happen of Icttling m-nttc'rs upbn 
 that tblid and advantageous footing for the Company, wliich no temporary invalion could 
 endanger. The true and only iecurity for onr commerce and territorial poflcffions in this 
 country, is, in a manner, to always have it in our power to overawe the very Nabob wc afc 
 bound by treaty to fupport; a maxim contrary to this has of late been too much adopted ; 
 and from that fundamental error, as I muft call it, has fprung the innumerable evils, or at 
 leaft deficiencies, in our government, which, I have now the plcafurc to inform you, are in a 
 fair way of being perfcftly removed. 
 
 The N'abo'i, upon my reprefenration of tlic great expence of fuch an army as will be ne- 
 ceflary to fnpport him in his government, the large fums due for reftitution, and to the 
 navy, together with the annual tribute which he will be under a necellity of paying to the 
 Ling, hath confentsd, and I hare agreed, provicfed it fliould obtain your approbation, and 
 he duly ratified and confirmed bv the king's Firmaun, That all the revenues of the country 
 Ihall be appropriated to thefe purpofcs, fifty lack-s of rupees per annum for himfelf excepted. 
 Out of this fum is to be defrayed all his cxpenrcs, of every nature and denomination. Mahomed 
 Re/.a Cawn, however, being of a difpolition extremely timorous, is defirou^ of having the 
 payment of the cavalry antl Seapoys pals through his hands, thoug'.i included in the laid fiUy 
 
 •lacks. This, 1 think will be complied with. 
 
 I am of opinion aUb, that certain ftipends (oiit of the abovemcntioned fum) fliould be 
 
 ■fixed for the Begum, for the Chuta Nabob, and for the veft of the Nabob's brothers and 
 nephews, (Merum's fon included) or clfe wc muft be fubjeft to frequent compJaints from 
 tjiefe quarters; fori am pcrfuaded, that the.ticpendants and paralites of the prcfcnt Nabob 
 will always keep him in diftrefs, be his incoine what it may. 
 
 Although the fum propofed to be fiipulated for the Nabob, cortfidcring the prefent great 
 cxpenccs and demands, may appear large, yet by what I can learn, his Cxpertcc exceeds the 
 fum to be allowed ; and, although it is certain that neither his criucation nor abilities will 
 enable him to appear to any advantage at the head of thefe great and rich provinces; yet, 
 I think, we are bound in honour tofujpjrt the dignity cf his ftation, ib tar as is conliflcnt 
 with dic'true ititereft of the Company. 
 'The parriculars of this matter may be further adjufted in my prcfcncc by Mr. Sykes (to 
 
 •■whom I have communicated my ideas ) if the plan be approved by the Sele£f Committee ; 
 and the whole may be finally concluded to our fatisfaftion, upon the Company's being aji- 
 pointed the king's Duan ; who will be impowcred by the nature of their office, as well as by 
 
 'the Nabob's confent, to fettle every point. 
 
 Mr. Sykes, I imagine, will find Tio difficulty in procuring the five or fix laaks of rupees 
 
 ■ frorn the treafury to anfwer the immediate exigencies of the Company, agreeable to the re- 
 prefenration made to me in your letter nf the 7th inftant, which did rtot come to my hands 
 til! late in the evening before I left Mutajyl. 
 "In conformity to your rcqucft in your laid Icttc;-, I inclofV Mr. Vanfittart's tranflation of 
 
 nhc late regulations, the original of which I had the honour to tranfmit to you on the 9th 
 
 •inftant. 1 have the honour to be with the grcateft vefpefl, 
 
 (Jciulcmco, your moft obedient humble Servant. 
 
 'Xjrcat Ganges, the nth ' Ci.:vi'. 
 
 July, 1765. 
 
 No. 88. 
 
 To Wm. B. Sumner, Efq; &.'c. Gentlemen of the Sdeft Committee. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 WE had yefterday a conference with Sujah Dowlah, wherein wc informed him of rhc 
 full powers with which wc arc invefted by the Seleft Committee, and our reiolution, 
 in confcquence thereof, to eftablilli a folid peace, upon terms honourable and advantageous to 
 the country princes, as well as to the Company. Wc then opened to him fuch part ot 
 
 (S) 
 
 ouc
 
 A ? P -Z N D I X, Mo. 89. 
 
 -our plan as related to hlmfelf; in particular, we told liim tliat the whole oF his country, 
 except Illaliabad and its dependencies, fliould be reftcred. His expreflions of joy and gra- 
 titude upon this occafion were many and warm ; luch an inftance of gencrofity in a viftorious 
 enemy exceeded his moft fangumc cxpcftations, and, \vc doubt nor, will be t!ic bLll founda- 
 tion of that union and amity, in this part of Indolian, wiiich we fo earneftlv wilh to fe- 
 cure. He confents to pay fifty laaks to the Company, for indemnification, in the fol- 
 lowing manner; ten laaks in money, and ten in jewels, on the conclulion of the treaty; 
 fi\e laaks on his being pi:.; in poffc'lion of his country ; and the remaining twenty-five iaaks 
 in the courfecf twelve iTir.nths. Thefe terms arc, we think, moderate and equitable, both 
 
 >for him and the Company. 
 
 We have been informed, that the king is deiirous of poficfling Illahabad, which together 
 
 -with its dependencies, pre uces ten laaks per annum; and alio the province of Corah, which 
 produces about eighteen. The former, we are of opinion, may with great propriety be ceded 
 to him, as a royal revenue.; but the latter, we rather wifli, (liould be in the poffcffion of 
 Sujah Dowlah; we fliall not, however, make a point of rcfufing it to his Majefty, if he 
 fhould be very follcitous to obtain it, unlefs we judge it incompatible with the reft of our 
 
 , plan. 
 
 We fliall not be able to give you any further information, till wc have had a conference 
 with hisMajefty, which, we liope, will be in a few days, at lliahabad. \Ve are with great 
 rcfpeft. 
 
 Gentlemen, your m.oft obedient and moft humble Servants, 
 
 rSenares, 3d Auguft, 
 1765. 
 
 No. 89. 
 
 Clive, 
 
 John Carnac. 
 
 To Wm. B. Sumner, Efq; 6fc. Gentlemen of the Sele£l Committee, 
 ■<3entlcmen, 
 
 'VT'Efterday we paid a vifit to the King upon bufmefs. His Mnjefty prefented Lord Ciivi 
 with his demands in the Perfian language, a tranllation of which is inclofed. He inlilted 
 very ftrenuoufly that his revenues fhould be made agreeable to the engagements entered into 
 'by the late Nabob Mecr {afEer and Collim Ally Cawn, viz. twenty-fix laaks of rupees in 
 money, and five and a half laaks in Jaggiers. This laft article we could not confcnt to; and 
 the King, with fome difficulty, was perluaded to give it up, on our reprcfenting the great 
 -expence of fupporting an army for the defence of the provinces, and the large demand of the 
 young Nabob for the maintenance of his forces. 
 
 His Majefty tlien demanded the payment of all arrears due to him from the late Nabob 
 Meer Jaffier, Coflim Ally, and the prelcnt Nabob Nizam ul Dowla, amounting in the whole 
 to thirty-two laaks ; in anfwer to which, we pleaded the abfokite impoffibility of paying one 
 rupee, from the poverty of the treafury, occafioned by the long and expcnftvc war we had 
 been engaged in, partly on his Majefty's account, and the great balance ftiU due from the 
 Nabob for reftitution to the fufterers. He exprelfed fome warmth and difplcafure at our 
 obftinacy on this point ; however, after fome debates, he at laft acquiefccd. 
 
 The next demand was, that the countries of Illahabad and Corah (Bulwantfing's Zamin- 
 dary excepted) fhould be ceded to him as a royal dcmefne for the fupport of Jiis dignity. 
 "i"lus we very readily conlcnted to, as Sujah Dowla made not the Icaft objcftion, well know- 
 ing that after our departure he could eafily fettle this matter with the King to the fatisfaftion 
 -wf both parties. His Majefty engages, however, to allow Najif Cawn an handfome annual 
 allowance, for winch the King's revenues of Bengal are to be fecurity. 
 
 We then prelented the King witii two Arzies, definng he would grant to Nizam a Dowla 
 the Niz.amud of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, and to tiic Company the Dewannee of the fame 
 ■ provinces^ to both which his Majefty has figned his fiat, and the proper inftruments for 
 both arc novjr drawing out. 
 
 As tlie king has been prevailed upon to afhgn to Sujah Dowla five laaks of rupees on his 
 Bengal revenues, there will be no farther delay on account of the firft payment of indemnifi- 
 cation, which is to be twelve laaks in money, and eight in jewels. 
 
 The treaty therefore between Sujah Dowla on the one part, and Nizam a Dowla and tlic 
 Company on the other, is now drawing out, and we make no doubt of fending you in a few 
 days the agreeable news of every thing being finally lettled i and fhall follow it -ourfelves 
 with all poffiblc expedition. Wc are. Gentlemen, 
 
 Illahabad, 
 Auguft 12, 1765 
 
 Your moft obedient humble Servants, 
 
 Clive. 
 
 John Carnac. 
 
 No. fjc.
 
 APPENDIX, No. 90, 
 
 Ko. 90. 
 
 H'r^aty hclivan tfe S'alob Shujah u! Dov.la, the NaM Niieijum ul Dsivh, and tht' EnglijT)Compaiiy, 
 
 exicuttd at llMmbad^ AuguJ} lot/j, 1765. 
 
 (Scaled and approved by the King.) 
 
 1X7 HERE AS the Riglit Honourable Robert Lord Clive, Baron Clive of Pla^Tcy, Knu^^t 
 " companion of the nioft; Honourable order of the Bath, Major General and coininander 
 ■of the forces, prelident of the council, and governor of Fort William, and of all the fcttlemcnts 
 belonging to tlie united Company of mercliants of England trading to the Eaft Indies, in tiw; 
 provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa; and John Carnac, Efquire, Brigadier General, Colo- 
 nel in the fcrvice of the faid Company, and commanding officer of their forces upon the Ben- 
 gal eftab!i(hment ; are invefted with full and ample powers on the behalf of liis exceiiency the 
 Nabob Nudjum ul Dowla, Subahdar of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, and likcwife on behalf of 
 the united Company of merchants of England trading to the Eaft Indies, to negociate, fettle, 
 and finally to conclude a firm and lading peace with his higlinels the Nabob Shu;ah ul Dow- 
 la, Vizier of the Empire : be it known to all thole to whom it lliall or may in any manner lie 
 long, that the above-named plenipotentiaries have agresd upon the follcving articles with his 
 Highncfs. 
 
 1. A perpetual and univerfal peace, fincere fricndfliip, and finn union, lliall be eftablifhcd 
 bctv.-ecn his highnefs Shujah ul Dowla and his heirs on the one part, and hi; cxc^ellcncy Nud- 
 jum ul Dowla and the Englif.i Eaft India Company on the other; lb that the faid contracting 
 powers lliall give tire greatcft attention to maintain between themlclves, tlieir dominions, aiul 
 their fubjefts, this reciprocal fricndlhip, without permitting on either fide any kind ot hoflili 
 ties to be committed from henceforth, for any caufe, or under any pretence whatfoever ; and 
 every thing fhall be carefully avoided which might hereafter prejudice the union now happily 
 eftabliflied. 
 
 2. Iif cafe the dominions of his highnefs Shujah ul Dowla fliall at any time hereafter be at- 
 tacked, his excellency Nudjum ul Dowla and the Englifh Company fliall aflift him with a parr 
 or the whole of their forces, according to the exigency of his a.fFairs, and fo far as may l)c 
 confiftent with their own fccurity ; and if the dominions of his excellency Nudjum ul Dowin, 
 or the Englifh Company, lliall be attacked, his highnefs lliall in like manner afnll them with 
 
 -a part or the whole <^f his forces : in the cafe of the Englilli Company's forces being employ- 
 ed in his highnefs's fcrvice, the extraordinary expence of the fame is to be defrayed by him. 
 
 3. His Highnefs folcninly engages never to entertain or receive Coflim Ally Khan, the late 
 'Subahdar of Bengal, &:c. Sombroo the aflaflin of the Englifli, r.or any of the European dc- 
 
 ■ fetters, within his dominions, nor to give the leaft countenance fupport, or proteftion to them; 
 'he likewife folemnly engages to deliver up to the Englifh whatever Europeans may in future 
 
 • defcrt from th.em into his country. 
 
 4. Tlie king Shah Aahim fliall remain in full polTcflion of Korah, and i-jch part of the pro- 
 vince of Illaliabad as he now poU'elfes which are ceded to his Majcfly as a royal demenib for 
 
 ■ the fupport of his dignity and expcnces. 
 
 5. His highnefs Sliujah ul Dowla engage? in the mofi: folcmn manner to continue Bulwant- 
 
 • fing in the Zrmindarrees of Benares, Ghazeporc, and all thofe diftrifts lie poUclled at the time 
 he'icame over to the late Nabob jaffier Ally Khan and the Englifh, on condition of his pay- 
 ing the fame re^Tnue as heretofore. 
 
 6. In confideration of the ^rcat expence incurred by the Englifli Company in carrying on 
 the late war, his Highnefs agrees to pay thein (fifty) .50 lacks of rupees, iri the following man- 
 mer, viz. (twelve) 12 lacks in money, and a dcpofit in jewels to the amount of (eight) 8 latks, 
 upon the ligiiing of this treaty ; (five) 5 lacl.s liy monthly payments, fo as that the whole may 
 be difchargcd in (thirteen) 13 months from the date hereof. 
 
 7. It being firmly rcfolvcd to reftorc to his Highnefs the county of T^cnares, and the otiur 
 diftrifts now rented by Bulwantfmg, notwithllanding the grant of the fame from the King to 
 the Englifli Company ; it is therefore agreed that they fliall be ceded to his Highnefs in man- 
 ner following, viz. They fliall remain in the hands o{' the Englifh Company, with their reve- 
 nues, till the expiration of the agreement between Bulwantfmg and the Company, being on 
 the 27th November next ; after which his Highnefs fliall enter into poflefiion, the fort of Chu- 
 nar excepted, which is not to lie evacuated until the 6th article of this treaty be fully complied 
 with. 
 
 8. His highnefs fliall allow the Englifli Company to carry on a trade duty free throughout 
 the whole of his dominions. 
 
 9. All the relations and fubje£ts of his Highnefs, who in any manner affiiled the Englifli 
 during the courfc of the late war, fliall be forgiven, and no ways molefted for the fame. 
 
 10. As loon as this treaty is executed, the^lnglifli forces fliall he witiidrawn from tlic do- 
 . minions of his Highnefs, except fuc'i as may be neccirary for the garriion of Chunar, or for 
 
 tlv-
 
 APPENDIX, No. 91. 
 
 "ihc defence and proteftlon of the King in the city of Illahabad, if his Majcfly fliould require 
 a force for that purpole. 
 
 II. His highnefs the Nabob Slu:jah ul Dowla, liis excellency the Nabob Nudjum iil Dovv- 
 'la, and the Englifii Company, pron.ile to obfervc fincereiy and llriftly all the articles contain- 
 ed and icttlcd in the prefcnt treaty; and they will not fufter the lame to be infringed, dircftly 
 or indiredly, by their rcfpcftive lubjefts ; and the faid contrafting powers generally and reci- 
 procally guarantee to each other all the flipulations of the prefent treaty. 
 
 Signed, fealed, and foleninly fworn to, according to their 
 refpeftive faitlis, by the contraiSling parlies, at Illahabad, this 
 i6th day of Auguft, in the year of our Lord 1765, in the 
 prefence of u<;, 
 
 'Edmund Mafkclyne, 
 
 Archibald Swinton, 
 
 George Vanfittart. 
 Fort William, September 30lh, 1765. 
 (A true Copy.) 
 
 Alex. Campbell, S. S. C. 
 
 Clive L. S. 
 John Carnac (L. S.) 
 
 Shiijah ul Dowla's Seal 
 (L. S.) 
 and ratific:ition. 
 Mir/.a Coflini Khan, 
 Rajah Seetabroy, 
 Meer Musfliala. 
 
 Jrllcles of agreement between the King Shah Aalum and the Company , y elating to the tribute to be paid 
 . to him from the revenues of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, dated AugnJ} it^th 1765. 
 
 TIic Nabob Nudjum .ul Dowlah agrees to pay to his Majefly out of the revenues of Bengal, 
 Bahar, and Orixa, (he funi of 26 lacks of ru]iees a year, without any dcduftion for Batta on 
 bills of exchange, by regular iDonthly payments, amounting to rupees 216,666, 10, 9. per an- 
 num, tlic liril payment to commence from the i ft September of the preleiit year; and the 
 'Englifli Company, in confideration of his Majefty's having been gracioufly plealed to grant, 
 them the Dewannee of Bengal, he. do engage therafelves to be fecurity for the regular pav- 
 
 . ment of the lame. It fliall be paid month by mouth from tlie fadlory of Patna to Rajali 
 
 .Sliitauro.v, or vvhomfocvcr his M.ijcfty may think proper to nominate, that it may be forwarded 
 l)y him to the court; but in cafe the territories of the nforciaid Nabob lliould be invaded by 
 any foreign enemy, a deduftion is then to be made out of t!ic ftipulated revenues, proportion- 
 able to the damage that may be I'uftained. 
 
 In confideration of Nudjuf Khan's having joined the EngUlli forces, and afted in his Ma- 
 
 ,iefty's fervice in the late war, his Majefty will be gracioully plcafed to allow him the fum of 
 "two lacks of rupees a year, to be jjaid by equal monthly payments; tlie firft jiayment to com- 
 n;ience from the ifl of September of the prefent year ; and in deiault thereof the Englifh Com- 
 
 .pany, who arc guarantees for the fame, will make it good out of the revenue" allotted to his 
 Majefly" from the territories of Bengal. If the territories of Bengal lliouid at any time be in- 
 v.-ided, and on that account a deduftion be made out of the royal revenue, in luch cafe a pro- 
 
 . portionable deduftion lliall ahb be made out of Nudjuf Khan's allowance. 
 
 .^portii 
 
 Dated the 19th of Auguil 1765. 
 
 Eort William, 30th September 1765. 
 (A true Copy) 
 Alexander Campbell, S.S.C. 
 
 No. 
 
 )i. 
 
 I ir/iiauti fnni the King Shah Julam, granting the Dewannee of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, to tin 
 
 Company. Dated AuguJ}, Mth, 1 765. 
 
 AT this happy time, our royal firmauii, indifpenfably requiring obedience, is ifTucd : that 
 whereas, in confideration of the attachment and fervices of the high and mighty, the no- 
 bieft of exalted nobles, the chief of illuftrlous warriors, our faithful fervants and linctre well- 
 wilhers, worthy of our royal favours, the Englifli Company, we have granted them the De- 
 wannee of the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, from the beginning of the l\iflul Rub- 
 bv of the Bengal year 1171, as a free gift and ultumgau, without the afibciation of any other 
 perfon, and wi"th an exemption from tiic payment of the cuftoms of the Dewannee, which ufed 
 to be paid to the court ; it is rcquilite tnat the laid Company engage to be fecurity for the turn 
 . of twenty-fix lacks of rupees a year, for our royal revenue, which fum has been appointed 
 from the Nabob Nudiuni ul Dowla Bahadar, and'regularly remit the fame to the royal Sircar :_ 
 and in this cafe, as the faid LVmpany are oiiliged tc)"keep up a large army for the proteflionof 
 -the provinces of Bengal, &c. we have granted to tliem whatfucver may remain out of the rc- 
 wcuues of the faid provinces, after remitting the lum of twenty -fix lacks of rupees to th.- royal 
 
 Sircar
 
 -A P P E N D I X, No. 
 
 92. 
 
 Sircar, nnd providing for the expcnces of the Nizalnut : it is rcquifite tliat ourvoj^al dcTcen- 
 
 • dnnts tlic Viziers the bcftowcrs of dignity, the Omrahs high in rank, the groat oilicers, tlic 
 Muttafuddits ef the Dewannee, the managers of the bulinefs of the Sultanut, the jaghcs'i-dars 
 and Croories, as well the future as the prcfcnr, iiilng tlieir conftant endeavours for th-j cftab- 
 lifliiiKiit of this our royal command, leave the faid office in poll'cUioa of tiie faid Company, 
 from generation to generation, for ever and ever-; looking v[K>n them to be infiired /vom diV- 
 miliion or removal, they niufton no account whaifoever give them any Interruption, and they 
 njufl regard thcn> as excufed and exempted from the payment of ail the culloms of the dewan- 
 nee, and royal demands. Kmwving our orders on ti:e fubjeft to be nr.oft ftrift and.pofitivc,,lei 
 
 • them not deviate therefrom. 
 
 Written the a4.th of Sophar of the 6th year of the Jaloos '(the -izth Atig. 1-6,5. ) 
 
 ^Contents cf the Zlmmun. 
 
 'Agreeably to tiic paper which has received our fign' manual, our royal commands are ifTucJ : 
 
 That, in confulcration of the attachment and fervices of th"c high and miglitv, the noblell of 
 
 ■ exalted nobles, the chief of illuftrioiis warriors, our faithful fervants and ii'ncae \vc!l-\vi(hcrs, 
 
 worthy of our royal favours, the Englifli Company, wc have granted them the Dewannee of 
 
 tlte provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixti, from' the beginning of the Fulful Rubby of the 
 
 Bengal ye.ar 1772, as a free gift and Ultumgau, without the afl'oclation of any other pcrfon, 
 
 jnd' with an excmptron from the cuftoms of the Dewannee, which ufed to- be paid to the court 
 
 •on condition of their being fecurity for the fuui of twenty-fix lacks of rupees a year for our 
 
 royal revenue; which fum has been, appointed from the Nflbob Nudjum ul Dow'la Bahadar ; 
 
 • and after remitting the royal revenue, and providing for the exp'ences o"f the Nizamurj what- 
 
 •" Ibever may remain we luive granted to the laid Company. 
 
 The'Dcwannee of the province of Bengal. 
 The Dewannee of the province of Bahar. 
 The Dewannee of the. province cf Orixa. 
 
 'Ko. 92. 
 
 Fort William, the 7th September, 1765; 
 'rirntatm hi confirmation of Lord dive's yaghecr, 
 
 WHF. REAS a Sunnud has been prefcnted to us under the feal of the "Nabob Nudjum 
 ul Dovvla Bahadre, to the following purport; viz. "The fum of 2,22,9.58 ficca rujjccs 
 *' and odd, agreeably to the Dewannee Sunnud, and the Sunnud of the higli and mighty Slui- 
 *' jaul-Moolk. Kiflam-ul-Dovvla Mcer Mahomed Jaflier Cawn Bahadre, has been appointed 
 " from the Pergunna of Calcutta, 6tc, in the Sircar of Sautgaum, &:c. in the'.province of'Rcn- 
 '' gal (the paradife of the earth) the Zemindarry of the Englilh Company, as an uncondi- 
 " tional |a"heer to the high and mighty Zubdut-ul-Moolk Nulfeer-ul-Dowlah Lord Clivc 
 " Bahadre; now likewife tiie faid Pergunnahs are coniirmed as an unconditional |aghcer to 
 " the higii and mighty aforefaid, from the 16th of May of the 1764th year of the cliriftian 
 *' ftyle (anfwering to the 14th of Zecada of the 1 177 of the Hegyra) lo the expiration of ten 
 " years, they (hall ajipcrtain as an unconditional Jagheer to the high and mighty aforefaid; 
 " and after the expiration of this term, they fl)all revert as an uncontlitional Jagheer and per- 
 " petual gift to the Company; and if the high and mighty aforefaid liiould die within the faid 
 *' term, thev fiiall revert to the Company iiumediately ui)on his death. And whereas the faid 
 " Sunnud has met with our approbation, at this happy rime therdore our royal firmaun, in- 
 " dlfpenfably rerjuiring obedience, is illucd, that in confideration of the fidelity of the Englilh 
 "Company, and the high and mighty aforefaid, the laid jagheer ftand t'oniirmed agieeably 
 " to the aforefaid Sunnud. It is requifite that the prefent and future Muttafuddics, the Chow- 
 " dries, Canongoes, Muccudims, Ryotts, Muzzaries, and all other inhabitants of the Pcrgun- 
 " na of Calcutta, he in the Sircar of Sautgaum, &c. regard the high and mighty aforefaid, 
 " during the forcmentioned term, and after him the Companv aforefaid as tmconditional Jag- 
 ** hccrdars, and regularly pay thorn the revenues of tlic faid Pcrgunnas." 
 
 Written the 24th of SofFar of the 6th year 
 of the Jaloos (the 1 2th cf Auguft 1 765. 
 
 ,( h ) Contents
 
 APPENDIX, No. 93. 
 
 Contents of the Zimtnim. 
 
 Agreeably to the paper which has receive^ our fign manual, our royal commands are ifliied ; 
 that whereas the lum of 2,22,958. licca rupees, and odJ, has been appointed from the Purguu- 
 nahi of Calcutta, &:c. in the iSircar ofSautgaiim, 6cc. the Zemindarry of the Englifh Company, 
 as an unconditional Jagheer to the high and mighty Zubdul-ul-Moolk. Nuireer-ul-Dowla 
 Lord CliveBahadre, agreeably to the Dcwannec Sunnud, and Suunud cf the Nazim of the 
 province; m conlideration thcrtfore, of the ;rtachment of the Hii^h and Mighty aforcinid, 
 we have been gracioully pleaied to confirm to him the faid Purgi:r,nai-s for the Vpace often 
 years, commencing from the 16th of May of the 1764th year of the Chriftian ftyle, or 14111 
 of Zecada, of the 1 177th year of the Hcgyra ; and in conhdeiation of the attachment of 
 the Englifh Company, we have granted the iaid Purgunnahs to them, after the expiration of 
 the aforefaid term, as an unconditional Jagheer and perpetual gift; and if the High and 
 Mighty aforefaid fliould die within this term, the faid Purgunnahs are to revert immediately 
 to the Englilh Company. 
 
 A true tranflation. 
 George Vansittart, 
 . Pcrlian Trantlator. 
 
 No. 9 
 
 Firmaun from the Xing Shah Aalum, coy. firming to the Company the Chtulahs of Burdivar, Mld- 
 jiapore, and Chittagong, and the twenty-four Purgunnahs of Calcutta, l3c. before ceded to them hy 
 the Nabobs Meer Coffin Ally Khan, and Meer Jajner Ally Khan. Dated Ai'.guji I2th 1765. 
 
 AT this happy time, our royal Firmaun, Indifpenfably requiring obedience, is ifTued, 
 That the Chuclahs of Burdwan, Midnapore, and Chittagong, 6i;c. and alfo the twenty- 
 four Purgunnahs of Calcutta, &c. (the Zemindarry of the High and Mighty, the noblefl of 
 exalted Nobles, the Chief of illuihious warriors, our faithful fervants, and lincere well- 
 williers, worthy of our royal favours, the Englilh Coiiipany) which were granted to the faid 
 Company in tlie time of Meer Mahomed Collim, and Meer Mahomed Jaffier Khan deceafed; 
 We, in confideration of the attachment of the faid Company have been gracioully pleafed to 
 confirm to them, from the beginning of the Fufful Rubby of the Bengal year U72, as a 
 free gift and Ultumgau, without the affociation of any other perfon. It is requifite that our 
 royal defcendants, the Viziers the bcftowcrs of dignity, the Omrahs high in lank, the great 
 officers, the Muttafuddies of the Dewannee, the managers of the bufincfs of the Saltanut, 
 the Ja^heerdars and Croories, as well the future as the prefent, ufing their confliant endea- 
 vours for the eitablilliment of this our royal command, leave the faid diftrifts and Purgun- 
 nahs m poiTeffion of the faid Company, from generation to generation, for ever and ever. 
 Looking upon them to be infured from difmillion or removal, they m-uft on no account wliat- 
 foevcr give them any interruption ; and they muft regard them as excufed and exempted from 
 the payment of all manner of cuftoms and demands. Knowing' our orders on this lubjeft t-o 
 be moft ftrift and poiitive, let them not deviate therefrom. 
 
 Written the 24th of Sophar, of the 6th year of the Jaloos, (the i2di 
 of Auguft, 1765.) 
 
 Contents of the Zimmun 
 
 A^recaiib'to th.e paper\vhich has received onr fign manual, our royal commands are iffiicd, 
 that the Chuclahs of Burdwan, Midnapore, and. Chittagong, &c. and alfo the twenty-four 
 Purgunnahs of Calcutta, &c. (the Zemindarry of thcEngiilli Company) which were granted 
 to the laid Company in the time of Meer Mahomed CoHim and Meer Maiiomed Jaffier Klian, 
 deceafed, be confirmed to the faid-Company, as a free gift and Ultumgau, without the affoci- 
 ation of any oilier perfon. 
 
 .•Chuclah of Burdwan. 
 Chuclah of Midnapore. 
 • Chuclah of Chittasroncr. 
 The twenty-four Purgunnahs of Calcutta, &c. (the Zemindarry of the Englifh Company.) 
 
 -Fort William, September 30th 1765. 
 
 (A true copy.) 
 Alex. Campbell, S. S. 
 
 C. 
 
 ~No. 94.
 
 APPENDIX, No. 94, 95, 
 
 No. 94. 
 
 i 
 Fort William, the 7th of September 1765. 
 
 Flrmaun confirming the Company^ s pojfejfions In the Carnatic 
 
 AT this happy lime, our Royal Firmaun, indifpenfably requiring obedience, is ilfued, that 
 whatlbcver in the Sircar of the Carnatic was granted by former King-;, or has lately 
 been given in the neiglibourhood of Madrali, (N:c. by the Nabob Scrajc-ul-Dowla, to tlie 
 High and Mighty, the nobleft of exalted Noblci, the chief of illuftrious warriors, our faith- 
 ful icrvants and fincere well-wifliers, worthy of our royal favours, the Englilh Company ; 
 We, in confuleration of the atrachment and fervices of the faid Company, have been gra- 
 cioully plcafcd to confirm to ihein as a free gift and Ultumgau, without the alfociation of 
 any other pcrfon. It is requlfite that our royal defcendants, the Vi/icrs the beftowers of dig- 
 nity, the Omrahs high in rank, the great Officers, the Muttafuddies of the Dewannce, the 
 managers of the bulinefs of the Sultanut, the Jagheerdars, and Croorles, as well the future as 
 the prefeni, ufing their conftant endeavours for the cftablifhment of this our royal com- 
 mand, leave the laid Sircar in poffeilion of the faid Companv, from generation to generation, 
 for ever and ever. Looking upon them to be mfurcd from difmillion or removal, they muft 
 on no account vvhatfbever, give them any interruption, and they muft regard tlicm as ex.- 
 cufed and exempted from the payment of all manner of cuftoms and demands. Knowing 
 -Our orders on this fubjeft to bemoft flridf, let them not deviate therefrom. 
 
 Written the 24th of Soffar, of the 6th year of the Jaloos, 
 (the lathof Auguft, 1765.) 
 
 Contents of the Zimmun. 
 
 Agreeably to tlic paper which has received, our fign manual, whatfoever in the Sircar of' 
 the Carnatic was granted by former Kings, or has lately been given, in the neighbourhood of 
 Madrafs, &c. by the Nabob Seraje-ul-Dowla, to the High and Mighty, the Nobleft D,f 
 f xaltcd Nobles, the Chief of illuftrious warriors, our faithful lervants and finccre well-wiflicrs,^ 
 worthy of our royal favours, tlie Englifli Company; We, in conlidcration ot the attach- 
 ment and fervices of the faid Company, have been graciouily plcafed 10 confirm to theiii, 
 from the beginning of the Fuflhl Rubby Tuccacovy-al of the Bengal year jtf^a, jisa^e^ 
 -gift and Ultumgau, without the affociation of any other Perfon. ' " 
 
 A true tranllation. 
 
 George Vanfittavt, 
 
 Pcrfian Tranflator. i,> 
 
 No, 95. 
 
 Firmaun for Seecacsol, "i^c. being for the five Northern Provinm> 
 
 TX7HEREAS Salabud Jung, Subadarof the Daccan, having given the Sircar of Seecacool^ 
 ' &:c. to the French Company, and this not being appro\cd of by the Court, nor the 
 royal Firmaun granted, the Englifh Company, who are our'^ncere well-wiflicrs, fcnt a hirgc 
 force and drove them out. At this happy time our royal Firmaun, indifpenfably requiring 
 obedience is iffued ; that in confideration of tlie fidelity of the high and migiity, the nobleft 
 of exalted Nobles, the chief of illuftrious warriors, our faithful fervants' and fincere weil- 
 wiflicrs, worthy of our royal favours, the Eiiglilli Company, we have granted them the 
 laid Sircars, agreeably to the Zimmun, as a free gift antl Ultumgau, without the aflociation 
 of any other pcrlbn, from the beginning of the F'ull'ul Rubliy oftlie Bengal year 1172. It 
 is requifite that our royal defcendants, the Viziers, tiit beftowers of dignity, the Omrahs 
 high in rank, the great officers, the Muttaluddies of the Dewannce, •.the managers of the 
 biifinefs of the Sultanut, tlie Jagheerdars and Croories, as well the future as ;hc prcfent, uling 
 their conftant endeavours for the eftablilliiiient of tiiis our royal command, leave the laid 
 iliftrifts in poft'eflion of the faid Company, from generation to generation, for ever and ever. 
 Looking upon them to be infured from diliniftion or removal, tiicy muft on no aci ount 
 whatfoever give them any interruption; and they muft regard them as excufed and exempted 
 from the payment of all manner of cuftoms and demands. Knowing our orders on this fub- 
 \c& to be moft ftrifl and |)olitive, let them not deviate therefrom.— Written the 24th of 
 SofFar of the 6thyear of the Jaloos (the 12th Auguft 1765.) 
 
 Cyntir.it
 
 A T P E N E I X. No. §6. 
 
 Contents of the 'Zimmun. 
 
 Whereas Salahud Jung, Subadar of the Daccan having given' tlie Sircar? cf'Seecacool, &:c. 
 to the- French Company, and this not being- approved of liy the Court, nor the Finnaun 
 Cjranted, the Englilli Company, who are our linccrc well-wilhers, fent a large force and 
 drove them out, aijiccably to the Arzee of the 24lhof 'Soifar of the 6thye£r, which has re- 
 ceived our fi;;n manual ; our royal commands are illued. That wc have granted to tjie high 
 md mi"-htv, thenobleft of exalted Nobles, the chief ot lUuftrious warriors, our faithful fer- 
 vants and Sincere well-wiiliers, worthy of our royal favours, the Englifh Company in cop- 
 fideration qf their fidelity, the iaid Sircars as a free gift and-Ultumgau, witliout the . alfo- 
 c-iation of any other perfon. 
 
 Sircar Seecacool. 
 Sircar Rejemundry. 
 'Sircar Floor. 
 
 '•Sircar Muftapha-Nuggur. 
 Sircar Moorlazy-Nuggur or Cuttoor. ' -. 
 
 A true tranflation. 
 
 ■ CitORGE Van SIT TART, 
 
 Periian tranilator. 
 
 No. .96. 
 
 Agreement beitveen the Nabob Nudjum ul Dowla and the Company, relating to the alhwanu 
 to be paid him for the fupport of the NizMniut of Bengal, dated Septteniber the ^oth, 1-765. 
 
 THE-King having been. gracioufly.pleafed to grant to the Englifh Company the Dewan- 
 nee of Bengal, Bahar and Orixn, with the revenues thereof, as a free gift, for ever, 
 on certain conditions ; whereof one is, That there fliall be a lutficient allowance out of 
 the faid revenues for fupporting the expences of the Nizamut: be it known to all whom it 
 may concern, Tliat I do agree to accept of the annual fum of Sicca ruppees 5,386,1,31. 9, 
 as an adequate allowance for the fupport cf the Nizamut ; which is to be regularly paid as 
 follows; viz. The fum of Sicca rupees 1,778,854. i, for all my houlhold expences, fervants, 
 &c. and the remaining fum of rupees 3,607,277. 8, for the maintenance of fuch horic, 
 Seapoys, Peons, Bercundaffcs, &:c. as may" be thought necelTary for my Sewaury. and the 
 fupport of my dignity only, fhould fuch an expence hereafter l~e found neceffary to be 
 kept up, but on no account ever to exceed that amount ; and liav'.ng a perfeft reliance on 
 Maecn ul Dowla, T delire he may have the difburfing of ;1.;: above fum of rupees 3607,277. 8, 
 for the purpofes bfcforementioned. This agreement, liy the blefiing of God, Ihopewillbc 
 inviolably obferved, as long as the Englifh Company's faftorie^ continue in Bengal. 
 
 Fort William, the 30th (A'true copy.) 
 
 September, 1765. Alexander Campbell, S. S. C. 
 
 ^o. 97*
 
 APPENDIX, No. 97. 
 
 No; 97. 
 
 AST AT E M E N T of cliargcs which were allowed for the colleftions of the B a H A R 
 Province, in Bengal year 1172, or Englifli year 1765, viz. 
 
 w 
 
 s. 
 
 Amlah Sapaw, or wages to Aflwars, Burgundafles, &c. from ift of Jumadll 
 Owel to the end of Rubby Sanny Shon 6 is twelve months. 
 
 AfTwars 
 
 Burgiindailfs 
 
 Khalbuidars — 
 
 Cubdars, Kilfnutgars, Sutaburdars, Sec. Servants 
 
 Juzzoulburdars, or niufiiucteers — 
 
 Tellingah Scapoys 
 
 874169 3 10 
 198799 u 15 
 
 49000 
 
 236648 10 — 
 
 24510 
 
 7364 
 
 1390492 10 5 
 
 Sirrifta Devvanny ha Efm Nabob Ackramut Dowla Bahadre, &c. Bamur- 
 jenia Tuflil AUahydah, or wages of the aforefaid Nabob and his people. 
 Particulars of this Ihall be hereafter wrote, as foon as they can be ob- 
 
 tained from the Patna Congos 
 
 163443 11 10 
 
 Mutfurcaut, or wages to people of diftinflion that have been ferviceable 
 in the government; viz. 
 
 Nabob AckedutmundCawn, at 220 Rs. per month for 12 
 
 Montiis, is 
 
 Shaik Maiimud Punnah • 
 
 Fuzz Ally Cawn 
 
 Mir/a Mahinud HufTen — 
 
 Himmut Cawn, ion to Muflall Cawn 
 
 Nabob Abdul Ally Cawn — 
 
 Share Ally Cawn 
 
 Abdool Cadcr Cawn — 
 
 Murrallydur, &:c. Hircarrahs 
 
 Mecr Cullen, Perfume maker — — 
 
 2400 — 
 1745 12 
 
 1 1550 — 
 1634 — 
 2990 — 
 
 12000 — 
 
 3600 — 
 
 360 — 
 
 10676 15 
 
 27s — 
 
 47231 II 
 
 Meer Mahmud Jummaul, &c. Tynaut Hoozor Jonab Ally or Meer Mah- 
 mud yummaul, ?tc. who is the prefence of Nabob Najemud Doula in 
 Muxadavad, but receives his and liis people's wages from Subah 
 Bar ; viz. 
 
 Meer Mahmud Jummaul 
 
 Mirza Mahmud RufFy — 
 
 Connuck Sing Chowdry and Bcldars 
 
 366697 12 10 
 
 44100 
 
 3'S94 3 — 
 
 44:392 ij lo 
 
 Crutch Khonfummanv, or charges of Nabob's elephants, camels, horfcs, 
 bullocks, &c. 
 
 Ze-affut Ingrez Sau-ha, bon Hufbul Crutch, or invitations and entertain- 
 ments of Englifh gentlemen, charges already made — 
 
 65003 
 
 4S373 2 s 
 
 Rupees of forts 2153934 2 10 
 
 (i) 
 
 HUCKECUT
 
 A P -P E N D I X, No. 97. 
 
 ■HUCKECUT BUNDABUST, SUB A BAH AN, or Statement of Revenues to 
 be received from the Bahar province in- Bengal year 1172, or EnglKh 1765, the coUeftion 
 to conclude in Aflin year 11 73 or Englifli September 1766, viz. 
 
 Bomurjem AfFrad Bundbuft, or the amount agreeable to the account par- 
 ticulars fettled by Mahmud Raza Cawn, Rajah Doolubram and Juggut 
 Scat 
 
 Goonjoyfc Mahalat, or profit on 'Mahalls, &:c. 
 
 Joyguires, S:c. to be recelvt'd, particulars of thefc Ihall be wrote as Iboii 
 
 •as procured, viz. 
 
 — 902960 8 1.5 
 
 -Nabob Najem ul Dowlah — 
 
 Joyguier damn, or Joyguires allowed 
 to difFer:;nt pcrfons, none of whom 
 are now exifling, and wlilch fums 
 have been appropriated to any im- 
 proper ufe 
 
 -195870 II 5 
 67908 12 10 
 26928 7 5 
 
 290707 15 — 
 
 Babut Yaft, SubadavryouDewanny, or the Amount 
 vvhatcver to be received by the Nabob of that pro- 
 vince for himfelf, and the Padfiiahs Dewan, as 
 their real profits ■ 
 
 ^Deduft allowed Rajah Doolubram, and Mahmud 
 Reza Cawn, as Duftore or cullom 
 
 5C0000 
 
 1 7 1000 
 
 47455° I 15 10 
 
 5100D 
 
 1193668 7 15 
 
 •329000 — — 
 
 Deduft Crutch Bemurjem Affrad AlLihiddah, or charges allowed to the 
 Nabob, &c. for coUefting in the revenues, even other contingent charges 
 attending the fame, as now fettled, viz. 
 
 AlTwars 
 
 Burgundaffes 
 
 63>i9>'?o 7 5 
 
 Nabob's own fervants, as Ciiubdars \ 
 
 Sutarburdars, &c J 
 
 Cafburdars or mufqueteers 
 
 Sirreltah Dewanny, or wages of Nabob, 
 &c. viz. Nabob Ahatramut Dowlah, 
 and his family, A. Rs. 15000 per 
 Menfem 
 
 Maharaza Deruznarrain 7500 A. Rs. per 
 Menfem 
 
 2 1 0000 
 
 80000 
 
 1 20000 
 
 12000 
 
 1 80000 
 
 90000 
 
 422000 — 
 
 Muddut Crutch or wages allowed yearly 
 to people of diftindtion, that have 
 been ferviceable in the government, 
 viz. 
 
 Nabob Abdul aly Cawn 
 
 Nabob Eckydutmund Cawn 
 
 Ally Cooly Cawn 
 
 Share Aly Cawn — 
 
 Himmut Cawn — 
 
 2700CO 
 
 Fyz Ally Cawn's children — 
 
 Meerlydhur, t\:c. excepting Hircarrahs 
 Golaum Caddaur Cawn 
 
 -Meer Cullfn, perfume maker 
 
 Ifmael Ally Cawn 
 
 Shaik Abdul Huffcn 
 
 •MofoytSing 
 
 12000 
 
 2400 
 
 12600 
 
 2400 
 
 2400 
 
 13800 
 
 7800 
 
 360 
 
 360 
 
 1800 
 
 6co 
 
 2400 
 
 ■58920 
 
 750920 
 
 ■ M ■ _ I, . - ■ ■■■ VH ■ 
 
 Rupees 5568250 7 5
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 9*^. 
 
 SUBAH BAHAR PROVINCE. 
 
 D 
 
 To Amount which is to he 
 paid Annually to difFerei^t 
 JPcrlbns in Comequence ot' 
 their having Sunnunds, as 
 per Account : 
 
 Joyguicrs - 47/14' i i 
 A'tummuggahc973CO 15 
 Muddillinolh - 50604 1 1 
 
 To Amount allowed to 
 Mahinud Reza C.iwn and 
 Dooluhram as Duftore - 
 
 To Muddut Crutch, or 
 Charges as now fettled 
 for the colleftions of this 
 Year by Mahmiul Reza 
 Cawn, &c. cannot be re- 
 duced ----- 
 
 825046 2 15 
 
 - 1 7 1000 o o 
 
 75C920 
 
 o o 
 
 1746966 2 15 
 
 To Balance to 
 this Year 
 
 be received 
 
 5568250 7 5 
 
 Rupees 7315216 10 10 
 
 By Amount of particular Accounts of 
 what the Subah,&c. received Yearly 
 for charges formerly to the Year 
 1 1 73, arc now brought to account, 
 viz. 
 
 JOYGUIRES, viz. 
 
 Nabob Najim ul 
 
 Dowla 902960 8 i; 
 
 Joyguier- 
 darom,or 
 Joyguires, 
 as allowed 
 todifFerent 
 Perfons 673011 12 15 
 
 Cr. 
 
 By Jumma Bemurgem Bundbuft, or 
 
 Amount of to be received agreeable 
 
 to the Statement- 4745501 15 10 
 By Babut Goonioys, 
 
 or Profit on Per- 
 
 gunnahsand Mah- 
 
 alls, the particulars 
 
 fliall be hereafter 
 
 wrote as foon as 
 
 procured - - - 51000 o o 
 
 4796501 15 10 
 
 1575972 5 10 
 
 365202 12 o 
 77539 9 o 
 
 AltummuGfmh or 
 
 Charity - - - 
 
 Mudduhnolh - - - 
 
 2018714 ID 10 
 By Yaft Subadarray on Dewanny, as 
 
 per Account --.-_- 500000 o o 
 
 Rupees 7315216 10 10 
 
 No. 98. 
 
 Fort William, the 7th September 1765. 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Clive, PrefuUnt and Governor^ is'c, bfc. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 TT is with the utmofl fatisfaflion we have the honour to congratulate yourlordfliipon your 
 ■*• fafc rctum to the prclldcncy, and tocxprcls our earneft a))i)robation of the prudent and cf- 
 fcftual mcalurcs you liavepurfucd to flop the cfTufion oi human blood, to lay the found.ition of 
 future tranquility to tlicfc unhappy provinces, which have long been the icene of dcfolation, 
 toeafe the Company from the infupportablc weight cf a ruinous war, and to biing to a prof- 
 perous iflue thefcvcral important objefts recommended to your attention by this committee. 
 
 The obtaining fo cxtaordinary an acquifition of revenue and influence to the Company, by 
 means the moft likely to conciliate theaffcdtions oftiic country powers, and fecure their rc))olc 
 and happinefs, are ferviccs of fuch evident and cllential tonfiquences, as cannot fail to incrcafc 
 your lordfhip's high reputation with the public, and juftify your conftituents in veiling this 
 committee with plenary powers, to purfuc whatever mcafurcs lliould appear to us conducive to 
 the public gooil. 
 
 Firmly
 
 APPENDIX. No. 99, loo. 
 
 'Firmly perfuailed that it is neccffary to the fecurity of the valuable pofTeffions they now en- 
 joy, and to the very exiftence of" the Company in Bengal, as well as cont'ormahle to the ipirit of 
 our appointment, that we continue to exert our authority, in order to efFeft that general re- 
 formation fo necefiary in itfelf and agreeable lo tlie wilhes of the honourable court of diredtors ; 
 wc beg leave to repeat to your lordlhip, that the fame confidence and unanimity which have 
 hitherto I'ubfiftcd among the fcveral members of this committee, Ihall be continued in the pro- 
 Iccution of tliis arduous but falutary undertaking. 
 
 Fort William, 
 the 7th September 1765. 
 
 We remain, with fentimcnts of the grcatcfl: elleem, 
 My Lord, 
 Your Lord/hip's moil obedient, and mod humble fervants. 
 
 No. 99. 
 
 Fort William, the 7th September 1765. 
 To Brigadier General "John Carnac. 
 
 "VT^J E embrace with pleafure the opportunity which your return to the fettlement affords us 
 of offering you our thanks for the faithful fervices done the public, particularly for your 
 fleady perfcverance in reducing Sujah Dowla to the neceflity of lubmiiiion ; and the farther 
 attention you have fliewn to the intercfl of the Company, and honour of this committee, by 
 co-operating fo cordially with Lord Clive, in attaining the leveral important objcvfts recom- 
 mended in our inftruftions. 
 
 juftly fenfible of the regard you have ever paid to the intereft of your conflituents, wc alTurc 
 ourielves that you will contmue to e^ert the fame zeal, as a member of the fclect committee, 
 and join heartily with us in affifting his lordfliip to bring to a happy conclulion the many and 
 cffential points that ftill remain to be adjufted, if we would fecurc tlie important advantages 
 already obtained, give ftability to the regulations we have eftabliflied, aird permanence to the 
 treaties we have executed. 
 
 We beg leave to affure you that we are, with great efteem, 
 
 Sir, your moft obedient humble fervants. 
 
 No. 100. 
 
 Lord dive's Letter to the Court of DireSiors, the 2%th November, 1765. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 I. T Embrace the opportunity of a fliip being under difpatch for Buffora, to make known to 
 you fuch occurrences as have happened here Imce the iaihng of the Admiral Stevens on 
 the 19th of the laft month, in hopes that it may ariive in time for us to receive your com- 
 mands by fome of the latter fhips of the year 1766. 
 
 2. The rehgnation of Meffrs. Senior, Burdett, and Grey, and fufpenfion of Mr. Leyceflcr, 
 has reduced us in committee to the neceflity of defiring the gentlemen of Madrais to fpare us 
 Meffrs. Ruffell, Alderfey, Kelfall, and Floyer, who we propofe ihall give us their ailiflance in 
 council until your pleafure be known 
 
 3. To enter into particulars would take up too much time, and might be imprudent in a 
 difpatch of this nature: I fhall therefore only repeat what I have already had the honour of 
 reprefenting to you, that luxury, extravagance, and corruption, together with an independent 
 way of thinking and afting, have arifen to fuch a height in this (ettkment, that the mofl 
 vigorous mealures are abfolutely neceffary ; and if you, Cicntlemen, do not flrcngthen my hands 
 by approving the fleps we have taken, particularly by confirming the Madrafs gentlemen in the 
 pofts of wliich w« have appointed thcni, and by eritrufting mc witii iiifHcicnt powers, I am con- 
 vinced that the fcrvice I may have rendered the Company, by my rc-acceptance of this govern- 
 ment will be in many rcfpefts of a very Ihort duration imce every tiling will infallibly revert 
 to the old channel as icon as my back is turned : 1 he meafures hitherto propol'ed and purfued 
 for the attainment of that reformation which muil take place, have been flrcnuouily fupported 
 by MeilVs. Carnac, Verelil, and Sykes. General Carnac intends refignlng the tervice and 
 accompanying me to Europe. Melfrs. Verelft and Sykes are highly deferving of every en- 
 couragement that can be offered, to prevail upon them to continue in this country : Not one 
 of the gentlemen next to the councilmen, even lb low as Mr. Bolts, (Mr. Rumbold excepted) 
 is worthy a feat at the board; many of them are dehcient in abilities and all in principle; 
 
 and
 
 APPENDIX, No. 91. 
 
 and as to the gentlemen of lower {landing, they arc not only loo voung, but too flrongly 
 tainted witli the corruption of late times, to be fo foon intrufted with power. The only 
 meafurc therefore that can infure (lability to the plan of government and reformation whicii 
 I have been labouring to eftabliih is, the appointment of the Madrafs gentlemen, and the 
 limiting (I do not mean curtailing) the advantages of future governors ; together witli i 
 power lodged fomewhere to nominate the members who (hall compofc the fcleclcommictC!; 
 after my departure. 
 
 I can now, with the greatcft plcafurc inform you that the (late of the treafury is fuch, and 
 the revenues of the country (ince the acquifition of the Dewanncc have flowed in In fall, th.tt 
 we fliall not through nccedity, drav,- upon you for a rupee, although we have determined to 
 fend £. 300,0CX5 this year to China : The returns for coral and fmall bills drawn upon you for 
 necctlarics may amount to five or fix lacks. 
 
 I'he refufing to grant bills will undoubtedly throw large fums into the hands of foreigners, 
 particularly of the Dutch, as immoderate riches have been latclv acquired : But 1 do not think. 
 we can be juftitied in wantonly drawing upon our employers to the amount of feveral hundred 
 thoufand pounds, while we have more cafli than futficicnt to anfwer every purpol'e for the 
 Company. However, as the acquifuion of fortunes will not be fo rapid in future, fome 
 method may be fixed on, for the remitting of money by your fervaiits, without fo much 
 benefit to our rivals. 
 
 In the courfe of thccnfuing year, we (liall cert:iinly pay off upwards of thirty lacks of the 
 Company's bond debt. 
 
 By this conveyance I fliall only further add, that it is my rcfolution to adhere firmly to tlic 
 true intered of the Company in thcfc parts, notwithftanding the odium I undergo, in the pur- 
 fuit of impartial and difintcrcfted meal'ures. 
 
 Permit me, gentlemen, to hope, that whilft I am framing and carrying; into execution (uch 
 regulations, in every department abroad, as I am convinced are moft clientially and immedi- 
 ately requi(ite, you will not be infenfible to the danger of their being foon relaxed, and per- 
 haps totally neglefled, unleis fupported by the (Iridleft orders from home. 
 
 If what I have done be approved, and, by the authority of the court of dirc6lors, rendered 
 incapable of being fubvertcd by my fucceilbrs, I Ihall return from the laborious accomplilh- 
 ment of your wilhes «nd cxpeaations with the fulleft fatisfaftioii. 
 
 I have tlic honour to be with the greatcft refpccl, 
 
 Calcutta, 28th November 1765 Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moft obedient, and moft humble fervann 
 
 Clivk. 
 
 No. 101. 
 
 Company's letter to Bengal, \^th February I'jGb^ 
 
 21. "M^O fucccfs in carrying on the war againft Sujah Dowla, to give his country to the King 
 -'■^ can juftify the mcafure. Sujah Dowla's letter of the 3d January, offering to withdraw 
 his proteftion from Cofilm Ally, to enter into friendfliip with vou, and join your army in pur- 
 fuing him, wa« the opportunity that ought to have been embraced for putting an end to the 
 war ; that palled, your fatal engagements with the King were left to operate with their utmoft 
 foTcc ; all (ight of the Company's intercfi was from that moment loft, and one error has plunged 
 •you into many more. The reply you make to the above offer of Sujah Dowla, wlicn you 
 demand he fhall put them to death, wc cannot fuppofe ferioully meant ; for if the huv of hof- 
 pitality forbad his delivering them up, furcly it forbad his murdering them, 
 
 22. In confultation the 28th January, mention is made of fome fubfequent letters from Su- 
 jah Dowla to Major Fletcher, which are but lliLrliily mentioned therein, and appear no where 
 entered in your corrcfiXDndcnce ; the only obferNution made on them is, that you were too far 
 engaged with the King to recede. In the l.ift letter, we in general terms condemned this treaty 
 with the King, and flattered ourlelvcs you would have iccn the folly thereof, or Meer Jaffier's 
 death, or the arrival of Lord Clive, would have prevented the execution of it; but being dii'ap- 
 pointcd in our expeftations,we now fljall give you our fentimeiits at large. The difpoffcfling Su- 
 jah Dowla of his country, is, we apprehend, lircnking down the (Irongcft barrier we could have 
 had, againft the Afghans, Morattas, and all the invaders of the em))irc, who were checked 
 from penetrating into the eaftcrn provinces, by a power fo refpriElable as his was throughout 
 Indoftan. The raifing the King on his ruins, renders this danger flill more ftriking; becauic 
 all the northern powers are his natural enemies, being attached to the Vizier Gar-o-din Cawn; 
 and you own youriclvcR, in the reply to Mr. Gray's Minute*, in confultation ioth February
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 10 r, 
 
 1765, tliat thouglrthe title to the crown is contcfted, all pnrtlcs fccm to unite in oppofing th; 
 claim of him you acknowledge King; and it is to be feared they will come clown upon him 
 before his llrcngth is confirmed; antj thus you may have diaw-n the wars that have lb long 
 diftrafted the northern countries, to your own frontiers. 
 
 23. We have no opinion the King can poffibly maintain himfelf without your utinoft af- 
 liftance, nor do we imagine Sujah Dowla is lb reduced as not to make head again; and the 
 refult will be, we ihall have a war to maintain lix hundred miles from our own retllcmcnt, 
 from the fucccls of ■which no pollible advantage can be derived, and one defeat may be the to- 
 tal lofs of the province. 
 
 24. In your engagements with the King, wc remark the flipulation for the charges of the 
 war was uniettled, .and we have much realon to apprehend the whole expence will be left on 
 the Bengal government. 
 
 25. Wc now come to confider the meafurcs you took on the death of Jaffier Ally Cawn. 
 — We could have v^-iflied the fucceflion had been left undetermined until Lord Clive's arrivai ; 
 but if it was abiolutely ncceffary to come to a fuddcn determination, and that Ibme one mufl 
 be immediately acknowledged Soubaii, it was coniiftcnt with the faith we owed the father, to 
 adopt the I'ucceluon he dcfigned ; and the inexperience of the young Soubah confidercd, you 
 did right to appoint him a regent; but in the choice of Mahmud Reza Cawn we think you 
 pr.lTed too llightly over the charge urged againft him, of being ib very deficient in accounting 
 tor the revenues of the province, of which he had been governor. 
 
 26. The apjjointing of indepeaJant duans appears higiily inijiroper to us ; for it is intruding 
 en the powers of the regent, weakening his government, and rending to anarchy ; nor can v^c 
 conceive that any Englilhmari is mafler enough of the forms of government, to undertake the 
 dividing their departUiCnts, without introducing confulion. 
 
 27. With refpe^l to the treaty' with Nazem-o-Dowla, it is proj'jer here to infcrt at length 
 llis 5lh article, which runs in thefe words, " I do ratify and confirm to the F.nglifli tlie pri- 
 vilege granted them by their Phirmaund, and I'everal Hufbulhookums, of carrying on their 
 trade by means of their own diiftuck, free from all duties, taxes, or iinpolitions, in all parts 
 of tlie country, excepting in the article of fait, on which a duty of 2i per cent, is to be levied 
 on the Ro'.vana or Houghly market price." This fifth article is totally repugnant to our or- 
 ders, contained in our general letter, by the Kent and Lapwing, dated the iff June 17^4; in 
 which wc rot only exprelled our abhorrence of an article in the treaty with Meer Jaffier, li- 
 terally correfpond.ng with the prel'ent 5th article, but in pofitive terms directed you, in con- 
 cert with the Nabob, to form an eipiitable plan for carrying on the inland trade, and tranfrait 
 the fame to u«-, .■iccomj>anieJ i)y luch explanations and remarks as might enable us to give our 
 lentiments and direftions thereuj)on. We muft remind you too, that in our laid general letter 
 we -exprefsly directed, 'I'hat our orders in our letter of the 8th February preceding, uhich 
 were to put a final and effectual end to the inland trade in fait, beetle-nut, and tobac- 
 co, and in all other articles produced and confumed in the country, lliould remain in force un- 
 til an equitable and fatisfa(Elory plan could be formed and adopteil. As therefore there is not 
 the leait latitude given you for concluding any treaty whatfoever relpeftiug this inland tr.u!c, 
 we mufl and do conlider what you have clone as an exprci"-) breach and violation of our onlers, 
 and as a deterniined refolution to I'acrificc the interell of the Company, and the peace of the 
 country, to lucrative and felfifli views. 
 
 28. 'I'his imaccountable beh&viour puts an end to all confidence in thole who matle thistrea- 
 ty, and forces Us to rei'olve on meafurcs for the iupport of our authoritv, and the prefetvlarion 
 of the Company ; we do therefore pronounce, tl.at every I'cryant concciaed in that trade lianas 
 guilty of a breach of his covenants with us, and cf our orders; and in confecjuence of this re- 
 folution we poiitively direft, that if that treaty is now fubfifting, you make a formal renun- 
 ciation, by Ibrtie Iblcmn aft to he entered on your records, of all right under the faid treaty, 
 or otherwife, to trade in fait, beetle-nut, and tobacco ; and you tranfmit this renunciation of 
 that part of the treaty in form to the Nabob in the Perlian language. Whatever governmertt 
 may be cftabliflied, or whatever unforefeen circumflances may arile, it is our refolution to pn)- 
 hiliit, and we do ab blutely forl)ld this trade of fait, bect!e-nut, and tobacco, and of all arti- 
 cles that are not for export and import, according to the fpirit of the Phirmaund, which docs 
 not in the leafl give any latitude whatfbever f»r carrying on fuch an inland trade; and more- 
 over, we (hall deem every European concerned therein, direflly or indircflly, guilty of .1 
 breach of his covenants, and dire£t that he be forthwith lent to England, that we may pro- 
 reed againff him accordingly ; and every native who Uiall avail himfelf of our prote£tion to 
 carry this trade on, without paying all the duties due to the government, equally with the 
 refl of the Nabob's lubjcfts, flaall forfeit that proteftion, and be banilhcd the lettlement. And 
 we direct that thefe refolutions be lignificd publicly throughout the fettlement. 
 
 29. With rel'peift to the nth article of the treaty, which fettles the rcllitution for private 
 lofles, we gave you our lentiments on that fubjeft very fully in our letter of the 24th Decem- 
 ber ; in which we remain confirmed, and our orders relative thereto fland in full force. We 
 alio continue in the lame lentiments upon the donation to the Navy, which wc lee is again 
 taken up in the inflrudtions to the rclidcnt at the Durbar. 
 
 70. W'e
 
 APPENDIX, No. 101. 
 
 30. We repeat, that we have loft all confidence in tliofc fcivants, wiiicli nothinj^ can rc- 
 ftorc but a llrid obedience to our ordars, and a more Jcupulous attention to tlic Company's 
 irnc intcreft; in the mean time, ami until tlicir conduft (hall have reiriftatcd them in our good 
 opinion, we muft, and do rely lolely on our prcliilcnt Lord Clive, -and the I'clcft Committee, 
 whom we do hereby invtft with all re(jui(i'c powers tor lecuring to tlie Comp;iny all funis paid 
 on account of rcftitution, till our orders are known. We further expcdt that they fliall give 
 \is a clear invoftigation ot the motives that influenced the governor and council to engage in 
 a treaty with the King, fo repugnant to our true intereft — That they (hall examine into the 
 veaions of the Burdwan lands bcmg let fo low as thirty-two lack*, when, by the accounts 
 tranfmittcd to us, the colledions exceeded fifty lacks. — We alfo rely on the Committee to put 
 a flop to the Ihameful demand made on the Nabob for the Navy, and fupported by the coun- 
 cil, to their great ■dillioiwur. And if any further corrupt or oppreflivc praftices come tf) 
 tlieir knowledge, that they fufpend thofe who fhall appear guilty of them, and give us tl.c 
 fulleft information thcre(;f. And laftly, we cannot avoid taking notice, that the late prcfidcnt 
 and council neither acknowledged the receipt of the covenants relative to the receiving prcfents 
 froui the country governmcHit, nor have they taken the leaft notice of them. Wc hope there 
 ij no furtlicr meaning in this neglcft than the deferring it till Lord dive's arrival ; yet when 
 we confider the total difregard of our molt lolemn orders on the moft important fubjcfts, utc 
 know not where their difobedience will ftop. 
 
 31. We liave received two letters from Mr. Spencer, the firft dated the 5th of Fel.)ruary 
 17()5, the lail the 14th March: copies of which wc inclofc for your information; as they 
 both urge his own merit in fo ftrong a manner, we find ourfclves obliged to give our fentiments 
 on his condu£l in Bengal. 
 
 32. H; canie down to that fettlement with the general good o^iiiiicn of the world, and 
 with our approbation ofhisconduft during his fervices at Bombay, with this peculiar ad- 
 vantage, that he was free from all the embarrairments and the party fpirit that prevailed in 
 Bengal, and had the plain path of the Company's intereft before hnn — We lliall therefore 
 recapitulate t!ic cenfure we have paft on that part of the adminiftration of our affairs in 
 wiiich he was concerned, and which we take for granted he uj)proved, as no dili'cnt is en- 
 tered by lilm. 
 
 33. Firft, The very fame letter that carried his appointment to the government, carried our 
 mo'.l pofitive orders to put a total and cfFeftual ftop to the trade of fait, beetle- nut, and tobacco 
 wliich we expreiled to be the fourcc of the war, and iacoiii])atible with the peace of tlie 
 country, and the intereft of the Company. Yet in the confultatioa 17th October, wlierein 
 that order is taken into confidcration, he figns to a reiblution to carry on that trade of fait 
 and beetle-nut, paying the Nabob on fait ai per cent, in direft breach of our orders; and 
 in the "treaty with the new Nabob, he ftipulatcs for that right by an cxprefs article of the 
 treaty. 
 
 34. Although the treaty with Meer Jaffier Ally Cawn was entered into before Mr. Spen- 
 cer's arrival, yet he gave his funftion to every part of it, particularly that which ftipulatoJ 
 rcftitution for loffes, which we make no doubt he knew to be moftly iuftainetl in an illicit 
 Trade; anti, preferring the intereft of the fervants to tlic honour of the Company, counte- 
 nanced the aggravating eircumflances which accompanied that (hameful jiroftiiuiion of our 
 authority, in rifing the demand, till by flinging in ouiftanding debts, it was carried to tlic 
 exorbitant fum of .fit'ty-three lacks ; and Mr. Spencer, though no way intereftcd therein, 
 joined in the ungenerous proceedings, by which Meer Jafficr's content was extorted for the 
 payment of thcfc demands ; and in the treaty with the new Nabob makes it an a£l of his 
 own, bv carefully ftipulating f(jr it therein; and to our great aftonifhmcnt wc fee his name 
 to confutation i^th November 1764, wherein he engages the authority of the Company to 
 obtain the fum of twelve lacks and a half for the Navy, though, as far as appears to us, 
 the dcnianding this fum was a private aft of his predccefibr, unknown to him, but fo ftrongly 
 adopted, that we fee he never loofcs figlit of it, bur makes the recovery of it part of the in- 
 ftruftions to the rcfidcnt at tlic Durbar, on the acccfJion of the new Subah. 
 
 35. In the adminiftration of our revenues, he has fo overlooked the accounts of tiie pro- 
 vince of Burdwan, that though it appears in them the Rajah coUcffs fifty-one lacks of rupees, 
 yet he has approved the agreement with the Rajah for thirty-two lacks, which is even lower 
 than the preceding year; nor has he taken any notice of the (um of cigliiy-thoufand rupees, 
 .ipi>lied to the ufe of our fervants, under the head of charges of relidcnev. 
 
 36. In this letter of the 14th, March, he urges the general fiouriftiiug ftatc of thcCom- 
 ]iany's affairs a-i a matter of merit to himlclf ; in which wc totally ditier from him, as \v: 
 will learn from our fentiments m our letter of the 24tli December, and the pielent, of whiih 
 you will tranfmit hiin copies, as far as relates to the adminiftration of our affairs during his 
 being of our council in Bengal. 
 
 37. In the Packet by the Bute you tranfiiiittcd to us a copy of li-.e treaty with the N.ibob 
 Najim-o-Dowla, which is atteftcd by vour fccretary, Mr. Majcndy, to be a true copy, 
 whereas it has neither date, or the names of our council, who fi'^ncd the tieatv, nor the 
 
 Nabob's
 
 APPENDIX, No. 101. 
 
 Nabob's name, to it, wtich might have been very well added, as it appears by your con- 
 fultations of the 6th March laft, that you then received it properly executed by the Na- 
 bob. You are to inform Mr. Majendic of his inattention, and kt him know he muft be 
 noic careful for the future. 
 
 No. I0"2. 
 
 Letter from Lord Clivcy General Carnac, and Mr. Sykes, to the Governor and 'Council of 
 
 Fort IVilliam, dated "iptb April, 1766. 
 
 To William BriMitwell Sumner, Efq; and the Gentlemen of the Council at Fort ^Mlliam 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 YESTERDAY we held the Purncah, agreeably to the cuftom of the' country, and to 
 thofe ideas which we entertain of the Company's honour and intcreft. His Excellency the 
 Nabob fat in quality of Nazim, and the Right Honourable the prefident took his place, as 
 colleftor of the revenues for his Majefty. 
 
 ■W^e thought it by no means advifeable to deviate, upon flight occafions, from the eftabliflied 
 forms and cuftoms of this annivcrfary, and therefore accepted, for ourfelves, and for you, 
 •the ufual nrefent of a drefs and elephant to each, which fliall be forwarded by the firft op- 
 portunity. ^ This cxpence hath formerly been charged to the government, it muft therefore, 
 now of courfe, be brought to the Company's account; but as the amount is irconfiderable, it 
 wasfcarce worth while to introduce any innovation tliat might tend to lelTcn their dignity in 
 the eyes of the people. 
 
 The Zemindars, and other public officers have confented to pay to the amount of rupees 
 e 20 00c as firft fruits of the enfuing colleflions; of this fum four lacks are now already 
 received and the remainder, we have reafon to expeft will be paid, in a few days, into the 
 
 All poffible difpatch will be ufed in doling the balances of the prefent year, fo as to com- 
 plete for the province of Bengal, a colleftion of 140 lacks : A revenue that muft far 
 
 exceed expeftation, when it is conlidered that fixmonths wereelapfed before we took charge 
 of the cslleftions, and that the more weighty and confiderable balances were aftually in- 
 curred before we received the inveftiture of the Dewanny. 
 
 We propofe tranfmitting to your board, an explicit account of the particulars of the pre- 
 fent coUeftion, and alfo of the ftatcment for the enfuing year, as foon as the fame can be 
 prepared and the whole bufmefs duly completed; and we flatter ourfelves that nothing 
 hath been done, nothing undone, which had not the public intereft for its immediate objeft, 
 and which, for that reafon, will not meet with your approbation. 
 
 As to ibe incrcafe of the revenue by the new ftatemcnt, although it cannot yet be afcertaincd, 
 •vet there is frcat reafon to believe it will not fall ibiort of ten lacks of rupees; which ad- 
 ditional fiuTi may be coUefted without rigour or opprcffion. 
 
 Before we conclude, we beg leave to mcnrion, that Mr. Campbell attended hci-c, by our 
 dircftion as mint mafter, to explain and cor.i'lu'ft a fchcme propofed by the Seleif committee, 
 for eftablifhiri<T a gold currency, the refult of which we hope to tranfmit in a few days to 
 the board. 
 
 MoDtajil, 30th April 1766. We are. Gentlteraen, 
 
 "" ■ Y'^our moft obedient humble Servants. 
 
 John Carnac, 
 Fra. Sykes. 
 
 No. 103.
 
 p 
 
 A P P E D N I X, No. 103. 
 No. 103. 
 
 Extras from the Trial of Ramchurn, 1 76 1 . 
 
 ARTICULARS of ilie fums on wliich Roydulub received his Commiflion. 
 
 In Three Payments. 
 
 To the Company - ------- 46,83,59$ " 7 
 
 ixf — — — — 22,41,707 o 3 
 
 Army and Navy - ______ 36 06 368 o 6 
 
 Inhabitants _ — — — '- ^ ' '-^ 
 
 106,31,761 4 4 
 
 Deduft Army and Navy, on which no commiflion was drawn — 23,41,79? « 3 
 
 82,89,963 12 I 
 5 
 
 4,14,498 I 5 
 
 Committee 1,150,000— 5 per Cent. — — " " — , ^^'J°^ ° ° 
 A Prcfent from Col. Clive, being 5 per Cent, upon 25 Lacks 1,25,000 o Q 
 
 5,96,998 o o 
 
 An Account of Money agreeable to the Receipts of Rajah Dolevaram. 
 
 Received Account Commiflion ; viz. 
 
 5 Sun Siccas — — — — — 74*^^ 
 
 Muxadavnd Sonauts — — — — — 9499 1 
 
 Dacca Sonauts — — — — — — 10513 
 
 Patna Sonauts — — — — — — 14«770 
 
 Arcot Good — — — — — — 41330 
 
 Patna Lels Rupees — — — — — 54903 
 
 Arcots Lefs —— — — — — 85144I 
 
 Sonauts of Sorts Lefs — — — — 153178 
 
 Rupees 596,229! 
 
 ■K B The libove Turns arc given to Rajah Dolevaram by Coja Petrufe, the bags con - 
 
 * ' tainint' fome icoo, and fome two thoufand ; the laid bags were Icaled with 
 
 a Moh'ur of Nabob Surozut Dowlah ; and regularly the above fums were 
 
 received by Dolevaram ; but thofe bags that were lefs to the Amount of 767 J 
 
 Rupees, which was likewife received by him. 
 
 (1)
 
 Jujl TuhUfncd by T. EVANS. 
 
 I. 'pHE PRESENT STATE of the ENGLISH EAST-INDIA COMPANY'S 
 
 ■*■ AFFAIK-S, compichcnding tlie Accounts (klivercd by the Court of Direftors to tlie 
 Trcafury, which were laid bct'ofr: the Committee Oi' Secrecy, appointed by the 
 HOUSE of COMMONS, affembled at Weftininfter, in the Sixth SefTion of the 
 TJiirtcenth Parliament of Great-Britain, to enquire into EAST-INDIA AF- 
 FAIRS; drawn up by Mr. Hoole, Avulitor of India Accounts, and Others; together 
 with the Plans prcipofcd by the dificrcnt DireiElors for the Re-eftahlilhrnent of the Com- 
 p:uiy's Aifaiis, and Icveral other Accounts equally Important and Interefting; drawn up 
 for iheUle of the Dircftors, &C. 'I'o there ALXOimts is prefixed, an Addiefs lo the Public. 
 Price 3s. 6d. Royal Paper 5s. 
 
 II. REPORT from the COMMITTEE of P ROPRI ETORS, appointed on the 
 rft c.f December, 1772; by the General COURT of the UNITED EAST-INDIA 
 COMPANY, to enquire into the prefent State and Condition of the Company's Affairs. 
 Price IS. 
 
 III. A Letter to the above Committee of Twenty-Five Proprietors of India Stock, by a Mem- 
 ber of the Committee. 6d. 
 
 ,IV. The GENUINE MINUTES of the SELECT COMMITTEE appointed by the 
 House of -Commons, alBmbled at Weftminfter, in the Fifth Scilion of the Thirteenth 
 Parliament of Great-Britain, to enquire into EAST-INDIA AFFAIRS. Containing the 
 inoft authentic, historical account of the various Revolutions, and other extraordinary 
 Events that have happened in India, from the Commencement of Lord Clive's Govern- 
 jiient, to the lateft Advices received by the Honourable E N G L I S H E AST -I N D I A 
 C O M P A N Y. Price 3s. 6d. fewed. 
 
 V. The GENUINE REPORT of the SELECT COMMITTEE, made to the HOUSE 
 of COMMONS. IS. . " 
 
 VI. Firft Report from the Committee of Secrecy appointed by the HOU-SE of COMMONS, 
 to enquire into the State of the EAST-INDIA COMPANY, as. 
 
 VII. Second, ditto. 4s. 6d. 
 
 VIII. Third, ditto. los. 6d. 
 
 IX. Extraft of a Letter from the Governor and Council at Fort William, to the Court of 
 Diredors, dated 3d November 1772, Tranfmitting a Letter from the Committee of Cir- 
 cuit, at CoHimbuzar, and a Plan, framed by that Committee, for the Adminiftration of 
 Juftice in Bengal, is. 
 
 X. An INQUIR-Y into the late MERCANTILE DISTRESSES in Scotland and England; 
 with a few llioughts on the Caufesof the Difficulties that now prevail amongil the greatcft 
 Part of the Inliabitants of the whole Illand ; in a Letter to the Earl of . Price as. 6d. 
 
 XI. The HISTORY of the ten first Years of the REIGN of GEORGE the THIRD, 
 King of CJREAT Britain, &:c. to the Conchision of the Session of Parliament 
 ending in May, 177c. To which is prefixed, A RE VIEW of the late WAR. Price 
 5s. fewed, or 6s. bound. 
 
 XII. An ESSAY on the REVOLUTIONS of LITERATURE, tranflated from the Italian 
 of Sig. Carlo Den in a, Profeflbr of Eloquence and Belles Lettres in the Univ,erfity pi: 
 Turin, by John Murdoch. Price 3s. fewed. 
 
 XITI. The LAW of NATIONS; or. Principles of the Law of Nature; applied to the Con- 
 tluft and Affairs of Nations and Sovereigns, by M. de Vattel. A Work tending r.' 
 difplay the True Intereft of Powers; tranflated from the French. Price 12s. bound.
 
 SECOND 
 
 R E P O R T 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 COMMITTEE 
 
 APPOINTED BY THE 
 
 HOUSE OF COMMONS, 
 
 ASSEMBLED AT WESTMINSTER IN THE SIXTH SESSION OF THE THIRTEENTH PAR. 
 
 LIAMENT OF GREAT BRITAIN, 
 
 TO EN Qj; IRE INTO 
 
 The nature, STATE, and CONDITION 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 EAST INDIA COMPANY, 
 
 AND OF THE 
 
 BRITISH AFFAIRS in the EAST INDIES. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Sold by T. Evans at No. 54, in Pater-noster Row. 
 
 mdcc lxxiii.
 
 jusT Published ^y T. £ V A N S. 
 
 t. 'T^HE PRESENT STATE of the ENGLISH EAST-INDIA COMPANY'S AFFAIRS, com- 
 A pieheiidiiig the Accounts delivered by the Court of Direftors to the Treafuiy, which weie laid 
 tefore the Committee of SEcjthcy, apinjiiited by the HOUSE of COMMONS, afRinbUd at Wcft- 
 Oiinfter, in the Si-\th Sellion of the Thirteenth Farhiment of Great-BritaIn, to enquire into EA^T- 
 INDIA At'F/\IRS ; drawn up by Mr. Hoole, Auditor of India Accounts, and Others; together with 
 the Plans propoled by tlic di3'=rciit Dire>.Tors for the rec.'labiifhiient of the Company's affairs, ..jid feve- 
 ral other accounts equally important and interelling ; drawn up for the C'le of the Diredors, &c. To 
 thefe Accounts is prefixed an Addrefs to the Public. Price 3s. 6d. Royal Paper 5s, 
 
 II. REPORT from the COMMITTEE of PROPRIETORS, appointed on the ift of December, 
 1^72, by the General Court of the United Ealt-Iudia Company, to enquire into the prtfsnt State and 
 Condition of the Company's AfF.iirs. Price is. 
 
 HI. A LETTER to the above Committee of Twenty-five Proprietors of India Stock,by a Member of the 
 Committee. 6d. 
 
 IV. The GENUINE MINUTES of the SELECT COMMITTEE, appointed by the Houfe of Com- 
 moBs, allembled at Weftminfter, in the Fifth Scflion of the Thirteenth Parliament of Great Britain, 
 to enquire into Eaft India Atfairs. Containing the moft authentic, hiflorical Account ot the various 
 Revolutions, and other extraordinary Events, that have happened in India, from the Commencement 
 of Lord Clive'j Government, to the lateft Advices received by the Honourable Englifli Eaft-India 
 Company. Price 3s. 6d. lewed. 
 
 V. The GENUINE REPORT of the above, m»de to the Houfe of Commons, is. 
 
 VI. Firft REPORT from the COMMITTEE of SECRECY appointed by the Houfe of Common*, to 
 enquire into the State of the Baft India Company, zs. 
 
 VII. Second, ditto. 4s. 6d. 
 
 VIII. Third, ditto. los. 6d. 
 
 IX. Firft REPORT of the SELECT COMMITTEE 1773, los. 6J. 
 
 X. Second, ditto, 5 s. 
 
 XI. F.xtrafl of a Letter from the Governor and Council at Fort William, to the Court of Dire<f>ors, dated 
 3d November, •772» tranfmitting a Letter from the Committee of Circuit at Coflimbuzar, and a Plan, 
 framed by that Committee, for the Adminiftration of Jullice in Bengal is. 
 
 XII. An Inquiry into the late Mercantile Diftrefles in Scotland and England, with a few Thoughts on the 
 Caules of the Difficulties that now prevail amongft the greattft Pait of the Inhabitants of the whole 
 Ifland, in a Letter to the Earl of Price zs. 6d. 
 
 XIII. The Hifton,' of the Ten Firft Years of the Reign of George the Third, King of Great Britain, See. 
 to the ConcluCoa of the Sefllon of Parliament ending in May 1770. To which is pn fixed, a Review 
 of the late war. Price 5s. fewtd, or 6s. bound. 
 
 XIV. An EITiy on the Revolutions of Literature, tranflated fiom the Italian of Sig. Carlo Denina, Pro* 
 feflbr of Eloquence and Belles Lettrts in the Univerfity of Turin, by J'jhn Murdoch. Price 3s. fewcd., 
 
 XV. The Law of Nations ; cr, Principles of the Law of Nature ; applied to the Condudl and Affairs 
 of Nations and Sovereigns, by M. de Vattel. A Work tendjrg to difplay the true Intcreft of Powers j 
 tranflated fiom the French. Piice izs. bound.
 
 U ^^' 
 
 SECOND 
 
 R E P O R 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 COMMITTEE, 
 
 APPOINTED BY THE 
 
 HOUSEoF COMMONS, &c. 
 
 The Committee appointed to enquire into tlie Nature, State, and Condition, of 
 tlic Eaft India Company, and of the Britlfh Affairs in the Eafl Indies, 
 
 NO T having been able, for want of time before the recefs, to infert in their lafl: 
 report the progrefs tlicy had made in tlieir enquiries rcipefting the trade in I'ah, 
 beetle nut, ancT tobacco, they have been fince employed in arranging the fevcral 
 matters they liad collefted ujion that head, in the manner that appeared to them moft con- 
 ducive to the information of the houfe. 
 
 And your Committee findmg that the houfe is apprifed (by the fourth report of the Com- 
 mittee of fecrecy, p. i6) of the general ftate of duties upon fait, beetle nut, and tobaceo, 
 according to the evidence of Mahomed Rcza Cawn, and other circumftances therein recited, 
 they have only to add upon that fubjcft, that they find an alteration was attempted to be 
 made upon the ancient eftablifliment of duties, by the regulations which vi-crc fettled be- 
 tween Coflim Ally Cawn and Mr. Vanfittart at Monghccr ; whereby it was ftipulated, that 
 the Company's fervants fhould in time to come pay nine per cent, on the Rowanna price of 
 fait : But this treaty having been rejeftal by the council, as having been concluded without 
 fufficient authority on the part of Mr. Vanfittart ; and alfo as fubjcfting the Englilh and their 
 fervants, upon all difputes, to the jurifdiclion of the Nabob's OfHcors ; the old regulations as 
 to duties were continued, and the Englifh, by treaty made with Myr faffier, were placed 
 upon a footing with the moft favoured among the natives ; viz. to pay the duties of ai per 
 cent, on fait. 
 
 And your Committee alfo ol*fcrved, from the appendix in the abovcmcntioncd report of 
 the Committee of fecrecy. No. 44, that the houfe is in policlhon of the 21 ft paragraph of 
 general letter from the court of direftors to the governor and council of Bengal, dated the 
 8th of February 1764; wiierein thu court of direftors order, " that from the receipt of 
 " the faid letter a final and cffcflual end be forthwith put to the inland trade in fait, beetle 
 " nut, and tobacco, and in ail other articles whatfoevcr produced and confumed in tiic 
 " country ; and that all European and other agents or gomaftahs, who have been con- 
 
 " ccuieJ
 
 { 4 ) 
 
 " ccrncd in fuch trade, be immediately ordered down to Calcutta, and not fufTered to return 
 " or be replaced as fuch by any other pcrl'on ;" and the above is the firfl exprefs order which 
 your Committee have difcovered upon the records of the Company againft this trade, though 
 your Committee find, from the evidence of Mr. Batfon, that the Englilli began to trade 
 in fait about the end of the year 1757, and that it foon became general. 
 
 And it alfo appears by the evidence of Mr. iMac Gwire, and by a letter from Governor 
 Vanfittart to Mr. Mac Gwire of 30th December 1761, printed in the appendix to the former 
 report No. 9, that they had large concerns in fait on their joint account, which was fold at 
 Patna in the year 1761. 
 
 Your Committee further find, that the court of direftors in their general letter of the 
 22d of February 1764, paragraph 35, a copy of which is hereunto annexed. No. i, gave a 
 general and pofitive order againft every kind of monopoly in trade. 
 
 And your Committee think proper to remark, that the prohibition of the trade of the 
 Company's fcrvants in fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, was recommended to the court of di- 
 reftors in a letter from Lord Clivc, dated 27th April 1764, and entered on the proceedings 
 of the general court, 2d May 1764, extraft of which is annexed, No. 2. 
 
 The next circumftance your Committee think neceffary to lay before the houfe, is the re- 
 folution of the general court of the i8th of May 1764 ; and the paragraph of the general 
 letter of the ift of June 1764, wrote in purfuancc of that refolution, and your Committee 
 find them conceived in the following terms : 
 
 RESOLUTION. 
 
 " It is recommended to the court of dircftors to re-confider the orders fent to Bengal, 
 " relative to the trade of the Company's fervants in the articles of lalt, beetle nut, and 
 " tobacco • and that they do give fuch direftions for regulating tlie fame, agreeable to 
 " the interefts of the Company and the Subah, as to them may appear moft prudent, 
 ♦' cither by fettlino- here at home the reftriftions under which this trade ought to be 
 " carried on, or by referring it to the governor and council of Fort William to regulate 
 *' this important point in fuch a manner as may prevent all future difputes betwixt the 
 " Subah and the Company." 
 
 The 57th paragraph of the general letter, dated ifl June 1764 (wrote in purfuancc 
 of the above refolution.) 
 
 " You are hereby ordered and direfted (viz. the governor and council) to confult with the 
 •' Nabob as to the manner of carrying on the inland trade in fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, 
 " and other articles produced and confumed in the country, which may be moft conducive 
 " to his fatisfaftion and advantage, the intereft of the Company, and likewife of the Com- 
 " pany's fervants." 
 
 N. B. The houfe is in poffeftion of the otlicr paragraplis of the faid letter, relative 
 to the inland trade, in the abovcmcntioned appendix of the report from the 
 Committee of fecrccy. No. 24. 
 
 Having thus ftated the orders of the court of direftors, your Committee think proper to 
 obferve, that the fnlt focicty, wliich afterwards took place, appears to have been originally, 
 propofed at fea by Lord Clive, during his pafTage to India ; and the evidence upon which, 
 your Committee ground this faft is in a letter from Lord Clive to the court of direftors, 
 dated ift of February 1766; extraft of which is in the appendix, No. 3. 
 
 And it appears to your Committee, from the evidence of feveral Vk-itncffes here following, 
 that in the beginning of June, being a few days after the arrival of Mr. Vcrelft from Cliit- 
 tagong, and about the time of the third meeting of the feleft Committee, a private partner- 
 fhip was formed, in the names of Lord Clive, Mr. Sunmer, Mr. Vcrelft, and Mr. Sykes, for 
 purchafmg large quantities of fait, then in the hands of i)rivate merchants. Your Committee 
 are prevented ftating the extent of this tranfaftion i'o fully as they might othervvife have done, 
 by Mr. Verelft declining to anfwer a qucftion put to him upon that fubjcft ; becaufe as lie 
 alledged, the court of direftors had threatened him with a profccution upon lalt concerns; 
 but your Comnfittee having examined Mr. Vcrelft to fuch other circumftances as he thought 
 he could anfwer without prejudice to himfelf, he informed your Committee that on his re- 
 turn from Chittagong to Calcutta, on tlie 29th of May 1765, finding there was a necefficy 
 for his giving up his chicffliip, and refiding at Calcutta, he made fome purchafes of fait of 
 the produce of fome former years from feveral European gentlemen, and fome few Arme- 
 nian and black merchants : That at the time he wai making thcle purchafes on his own ac- 
 count,
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 «x)unt, Lord Clivementionctl to him a ilefirc of forming fome provifion for the gentlemen 
 lie had brought out with him, and alkcd the witncis'* opinion in what manner it could be 
 done ; that he told his Lordlhip he knew of no aiivant:iC;e but wiiat rcfulicd from trade ; that 
 lie mentioned the purchaRs he had made, adding he could extend them, if his Lordfliip 
 thought proper ; that the purchafes were accordingly extended witli his Lordlhip's alfcnr, 
 Mr. Sumner and Mr. Sykes taking a jjart of the concern; that this partncrlliip was formed 
 about the beginning of June following, in the names of Lord Clive, Meliicurs Sumner, 
 Sykes, and Yerelft, each one quarter part ; and all the purchafes on account of the part- 
 ncrlliip were made in the month of |une ; and that Lord Clive advanced his proportion, 
 but was not concerned on his own account; that the witncfs always confulercd the concera 
 to be merely on the account of the three gentlemen his Lordfliip brought out with him ; 
 that the witnefs chofe it (hould ftand in his Lordlhip's name, preferring to have the accounts 
 
 ■in the name of one perfon, rather than three or four ; and being alked. Whether thole 
 gentlemen received the advantage of it? he faid, He himfelf law the advantages divided 
 amongft them; that ho believes fait purchafed before the eftablilhment of the Society of 
 Trade, was not Liable to any duty, except the ai per Cent, to the country governmcnr, 
 and tliat it paid none to the Company : That he has no doubt but the Nabob received his 
 
 , duties on the whole of the faid partncrlliip fait ; that the graateft quantity was purchafed 
 • of Mellrs. Marriott, Gallopine, Governor Spencer, Mcllrs. Pla3'dell, the Attornics of Mr. 
 :Haftings, Mr, John Johnftone and Mr. Anivatt ; that tlic brgeft quantity was purchalcil 
 of Mr. Johnftone. iJcing alked, With whom Mr. Johnftone made the bargain for the 
 fait he fold on this occalion ? he faid, That Mr. Johnftone fold it to the witnijfs's Banyan, 
 ■who offered the witnefs, Mr. Verelft, as a fecuritv for the payment of the nwney ; that 
 he fuppofed Mr. Johnftone was perfeftly fatislied with his bargain, for he gave a receipi: 
 in full tor .principal and intrreft, and that he never complained of having been opprcfled 
 in any degree upon that occafinn ; that he believes Mr. Johnftone's fait balances at BurJ- 
 wan were fettled entirely to his latisfa£fion ; that Mr. Johnftone, and all other perfons con- 
 cerned in the fait trade, were at lilwrty to i'ell theii iiilt to whom they pleafed ; that there 
 never was any rcftraint, nor did he ever hear the leaft murmur about a*iy ; that notwith- 
 itanding^the inftitution of the Society of Trade, every individual was allowed to difpole of 
 the fait oYi hand to whom he pleafed ; that the Society had no power to prevent it, nor did 
 they ever attempt it ; that if thofe perfons who fold their fait at that time had kept it lon- 
 ger, the profits to them would have been the lame as they were to the partncrlliip. Being 
 alked. Whether any orders of the Court of Dire6\ors were in force at the time of forming 
 •the aliove partnerlhip, forbidding their fervants to trade in fait? he faid, That, to the beft 
 •of his remembrance, there were, but that he confidercd them as made with a view to the 
 .-future, and not extending to the fait already made. And being alked, Whether it was 
 known at the time, to the different partners, that the monopoly in the fait tratle, which 
 was afterv.-ards eftablilhed, would be formed ? he anfwcred. That he believed not, for he 
 ■was far from conftdering it as a thing determined : And being further alked. If they had 
 
 • had any converlation on the fubjeft, or if the matter had been in coiUcmplation ? he faid. 
 He could not rccollcft ; that there might have been fomecurfory remarks matle relative to that 
 lubjeft, but it never biafled him in the purchafes he made. And being alked, Whether he 
 thought the partnerfliip was a breach of the orders of the 8th of Februarv .tiuI the ift of 
 June 1764, which v.ere read to him ? lie faid. That he diil not, hecaufe he confulered the 
 
 • orders of the •Conip;iny to allude only to new engagements for I'alt to he made, and not to 
 .affe£l the property of indivithials, in rei'peft to any fait they miglu have on their hands ; 
 -that he did not confider the fervants to be prohibited from extending their purchafes to anv 
 .amount for fait already manufaftured. And being further alked, Whether he knew of any 
 
 order.s of the Compiiny which made a diftiiiftion between fait already manufaftured, or to 
 be afterwards manufactured? he aniwered. No. Being alked, whether Mr. Tom Le\sis 
 was owi: of the agents for the partnerfliip ? lit faid, No; that he tranf:i(51ed Ibme hulinefs for 
 Mr. Sykes in the fait concerns, and that he (Mr. Vcrelft) acknowledged the book jjublillud 
 in his name, in the year 1772, to be lii.> writing, and that it contains a full account of th« 
 affairs inLiting to Mr. Lewis. 
 
 Mr. Sumner being examined upon the fubieft of the abovementioncd partnerfliip, in- 
 formed your Commiitec, that, fome time in the month of June 1765, Mr. Verelft men- 
 tioned to him his having made fome purchafes of old fait upon his own ;iccount, and at the 
 lame time projjofed his taking a lli.ire therein, together with Lord Clive and Mr. Svkes, 
 which tiie witnefs agreed to; that each of them had a quarter part, and that Mr. Verelft 
 undertook the management of the concern, and the keeping of the accounts; that the wit- 
 nefs (old his quarter to Mr, Verelft, aboiri the middle of September, for a certain ])rofit ; 
 that he had at tliis time ativanccd his whole iliarc of the money required for the purchalc, 
 amounting to 12,5001. — that the amount of the agreement was to be paid him on the lith 
 of April — that the net amount of the piofirs, deducing for deficiencies in contraifl and e:d- 
 tulati g intereft of money, at the rate ot 10 per Cent, (which is the common intereft ot the 
 country) from the time he atlvanced it, amounted to 4,4351. which is precilcly 36 per Cait. 
 net profit, upon tiie 12,500!. for nincmoaths; that Mr. Vcrelft having had the charge of 
 
 B the
 
 ( 6 ) 
 
 the concern and keeping the accounts, and the witnefs having fold liis fhare to him, he can 
 rive no particubi" account as to the precife quantity purchafeJ, or the ultimate difpofition 
 thereof; but tluii he judged the quantity of lalt pui chafed was about 460,000 niaunds. — 
 Being alkcd, What proportion he thought this bore to the ready made lalt in the country ? 
 he faid. He could only judge from the quantity produced the two following years, which, 
 10 the heft of his rccollei^ion, was 2,8co,ooo maunds per annum, on an average. — Being 
 alkcd. Whether a profit of 36 per Cent, in the fpace of nine months (after deducting 
 ten per Cent, on the money advanced) was an unufual or extraordinary profit upon that trade 
 in the hands of an European ? he faid. That upon any other article he lliould have conli- 
 dercd it as an high protit, but upon the article of fait by no means i'a : And being alkcd. 
 Whether this concern in fait was more advantageous than the concern held under the So- 
 ciety of Trade? he faid, I'he ultimate concliiiion of the Society's concern he was igno- 
 rant of; but with refpeft to the fltare he held himfelf, he fold his (hare in the firfl year's 
 trade of the Society, after holding it about 14 months, for a profit of 54I per Cent, ex- 
 clufivc of intereft upon a capital of 20,000 1. Tliat his (Vcond year's concern ibid for a profit 
 of 41I. per Cent, alfo, cxcluiivc of intereft upon a capital of 14,500!. The firfl year's 
 concern was fold the 28th of Oftober 1766, to Huframaul and Co. black merchants, they 
 running all rifks of lols and bad debts; and the fecond concern was told to Mr. Chevalier, 
 tljcSthof November 1766, two months after the efiablifhment of the i'econd year, he like- 
 wife running all rilks. And being further alked, Whether the Proprietors, upon advancing 
 their relpciflive fiiares, received intereft upon their monies, beiides tlieir ]jrofits in the trade ? 
 he anl'wered. Yes. Being alked. Whether in his apprehenlion the partnerlhip was con- 
 trary to the Company's orders? he faid. He did not confuler itfo; if he had, he ihould 
 not have entered mto it ; that lie conlidered the Company's orders of the 8th February and 
 lil June 1764, as confined to new contrafts and engagements, and no way relating to the 
 old fait then upon hand, which every perfon was at liberty to dilpofe of as he thougiit pro- 
 per. And being afkcd, Whether, at the time of the commencement of the partnerlhip. 
 It was determined to lay a duty of 35 per Cent, on future fait ; and whether any other cir- 
 cumftance, that muff nccelfarily ralle the price of fait, was in contemplation at that time? 
 he faid. That no certain duty was at that time determined, nor was it determined whether 
 the Nabob or Company were to fhare in the fait trade as propietors, or to receive a certain 
 fixed duty — that the Company had committed the regulations to the Seleft Committee, in a 
 letter, under date the ift June 1764, which letter arrived in Bengal on the 24th January 
 1765, and lay open to the whole fettlement — that from that letter it appeared that t!ie Com- 
 pany expefted to be conlidered in the advantages of the fait trade, and that the Nabob was 
 to be fully fatisfied on his part — that every body muft have known chat thefe two objects 
 could not have been accompliihed but by an advance of duty, which muft be confiderably 
 more than the then cfta!)Iinied rate of duty, and confequentl)f that the price of ialt muft 
 confiderably rife in Calcutta. Being afked, Whether he imagined the partnerfhip fait was 
 difpofcd of and ccniumed, before the fait of tiie Society could come into circulation? he 
 faid, He apprehended it might have been difpofed of, but could not lay whether it was or 
 not: And bemg alked, Whether Lord Clive entered into this concern on his own account, 
 or on account of the three gentlemen mentioned by Mr. Verelft ? he laid, That Lord 
 Clive's name flood in the partnerlhip ; but that the witnefs always underftood it -was upon 
 the account of thofe three gentlemen, and that tiic profits were to be divided amongft tjiem. 
 
 Your Committee then examined I'rancis Sykes, Efquirc, a Member of the Houfe ; who 
 being afkcd. Whether he remembered any partni rlhip between hlmfeU, Loal Clive, Me. 
 Sumner, and Air. Vcrelfl ? faid. That a quantity of fait was purchafed by tliem, the time 
 he could not rccollc£l, but he believed it might be about two months after tlieir arrival'; 
 that the laid fait was bought of many black people, and many Englifli gentlemen; Mr. 
 John Johnftone, Mr. Haftings's Attornics, and others ; that they bought it on their owji 
 private accounts, and that it \%as fait inanufadlurcd the year before tlieir arrival. Being 
 afked. Why they dealt themfclves in fait, before they had proceeded to ngulate the trade? 
 he faid. He did not know that lliey did, previous to liicir enterirg on the fubjcft, or to the 
 intention Lelng publicly known ; that this parincrlhip fait was not Ibid to tlie Society, but to 
 the country people; that the gentlemen concerned were drawn upon for iT>oncy agreeably 
 to their Ihares ; that the witnels's proportion was about a lack of rupees ; that tlic advantages 
 of the faid parincrihip, to thofe who continued their concern, reckoning lols of ir.terefl anxi 
 balanci s, might be 30 per Cent, he faid. That he did not recolIe<ft wlio made the propofai 
 to Lord Clive relating to tliis partnerfliip, but that his Lordfliip was not concerned in it from 
 the beginning ; that it was begun by Mr. Verelft ; that the witnels afterwards accepted a 
 concern ; and that Ibme time after Lord Clive and Mr. Sumner <lid the fame. And being 
 alk'.d, Whether Lord Clive entered into this partnerlhip upon his own account, or for the 
 benetit of other perlons ? lie faid, He remembered very well that at the time LonI Clive took 
 the concern, he declared he would not benefit himfelf fix-pence by it; that he intended the 
 profits which might- arife from it for Mr. Strachcy, Mr. Mafkelyne, and Mr. Ingham the 
 furgcon, tiic three gentlemen who had accompanied him to India. 
 
 And
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 And your Committee ohfcrving, tint the firft orders of t!»c fcleft Committee at Bengal 
 for the recall of the free merchants, as ft.itcd in their former report, happened about 
 three weeks bctorc the time when the partnerlhip was formed ; they examined Francis 
 Sykes, Efquire, to that point, who being aiked, What orders of tlie government and 
 council, for recalling free merchants rtliding up the country, were alluded to in the minute 
 of the feleft Committee of tlie nth May 1765 (which minute was read) and is in the Ap- 
 pendix of the former report of your Committee, No. 84 ? he faid, he did not recolleft, but 
 did imagine there were gro\mds for orders of that kind. And being further aflced, if ilicre 
 were any complaints from free merchants, made to the felcft Conunittee ? he faid, there wa« 
 a general complaint of the mifcondu.?t of free merchants refiding in the mterior part of the 
 country, with relpeft to the country government ; but at this diltancc of time he could not 
 point out any one. And being alked, whether he thouglit a month a fufficient time for any 
 man up the country to adjuft his affairs for his departure ? he anfwcred, No — but he undcr- 
 flood a much longer time was allowed to the free merchants; that the time limited firll by the 
 fcleft Committee, for the recall of the free mcrcliants, extended to all of them, except upon 
 reprcfentation of their particular fituation, that their affairs could not be fettled within the 
 time fpecificd; in whicli cafes, upon tlieir reprclcntarions, fome deviations were permitted. 
 
 And your Conimitue thinking this a proper occalion to lay before the hoiii'e the other cir- 
 cumftances alluded to in their former report, relative to the recall of free merchaais, they 
 have inferted in their Appendix, No. 4 to 31, feveral cxtrafts from the Company's records, 
 beginning the 22d February 1763, wiiich is the earlieft period your Committee have thought 
 it neceffary to refer to, in order to fliew the different reprefentarions that were made, and the 
 different regulations and orders that enfiicd, ujjou this lubjccV, and likcwile the remiffioii of 
 I'uch orders and regulations in particular in/lances. 
 
 And your Committee find, that the letter of the 8:h of February 1764, referred to in a fof- 
 mer part of this report, arrived in Bengal the 13th of July 1764; that confultations were had 
 on the faid letter, on the 21ft of the faid month ; and further, that the Governor and Coun- 
 cil, on the 17th of Oftober following, in confequence of tlie orders contained in the faid 
 letter, and likcwife in confccjuence of repreilntations from the Nabob, relblvcd, that the in- 
 land trade fliouk! in general be prohibited, with fuch exceptions, and qualifications as will 
 appear in an extraft from tlie conlultations in the fecret department of that date, and annex- 
 ed in the Appendix, No. 32. 
 
 And your Committee hnd, that the general letter from the court of Direftors, of the ift 
 of June 1764, arrived in Bengal on the 241!! of January 1765; and that on the 251!! the 
 Governor and Council agreed to defer proceeding upon the orders therein contained, relaung 
 to the inland trade, as Lord Clive and the other gentlemen might be foon ex))c£fed to arrive. 
 
 And it appears to your Committee, that cm the loth of Auguft 1765, Mr. Sumner and 
 Mr. Verclfl, coiillitutmg a felefl Committee, took into coniidcration the fubjeft of the inland 
 trade, In the articles of fnlt, beetle-nut, and tobacco, and refolvcd on a plan for condu£ling 
 the fame; and for the full information of the houie upon that plan, your (^oiinnittce iiavc in- 
 ferted in tlieir appendix the ncccfiary extrafls from the proceedings of the fcleft Committee 
 of that date. No. 33. 
 
 And your Committee find, by an extraft from the confultation hereunto annexed, No. 34, 
 that, on the 12th of Auguft, Mr. Sumner, the preliding member, laid licfore the Council the 
 above mentioned plan, as a ground work for carrying on the trade in future: That a Com- 
 mittee, conlifting of MclVrs. Sumner, \'crclft, Leyceiler, and Ciray, were then appointed for 
 condu£(ing the laid plan; anil tliat the chiefs of the fcvcrsl fubordinate factories were ordered 
 to pay due regard to fuch inftrudions as they might receive from time to time from the faid 
 •Conunittee; and extrafts of the circular letter fcnt to the fubordinate faiflorics are inl'crted in 
 the Appendix, No, 35. 
 
 And your Committee further find, from the confultation of the i8th of September 1765, 
 that a letter from the Committee of trade, dated the nth of September, was laid before tlic 
 Council; rcquefting that a deed might be granted from Lord Clive an<i the Coun. il to the 
 faid Committee of trade, for ftcuring to the Society the free and Ible purcliale of the artu Ick 
 of fait, beeilc-nut, and tobacco, from the i(l of September 1765, to the 31ft of Auguft 1766; 
 and it appears to yo-ir Committee, that fuch a deed was afterwards executed, the particular 
 evidence relpe^mg which is inferted in the fubfequent part of this report. 
 
 And your Committee tind, that on the 18th of Septeiniier 1765, the fele£l Committee re- 
 fumed the confuleration of the plan for carrying on the inland trade, which they completed 
 on that day ; that the faid proceedings were laid before the Council, on the 25th of Septeiii 
 ber, and tranfmittcd to the Committee of trade, with inftruflinns to proceed agreeably 
 thereto; and a copy of the proceedings of the fclcfl Committee of the i8th of Sepicmber, 
 together with an abftraft from the confukatinn of the 25th of September, arc inleried in the 
 Appendix, No. 36 and 37. 
 
 And it appears, that the, fclcft Committee, in ;Iic 3?.d and 3^1! pnragnpiis of their letter of 
 the 30th of September, 1765, and Lord Clive, in the I7tli and i8th paragraphs of bis lettir 
 the lame dale (copies of which letters arc in the Appendix of your Committee's former reixiri) 
 
 ga\e
 
 ( 8 ) 
 
 -p»ve to die Company a general irifoimation of their proceedings relative to this plan, and 
 (iicir r'calbns for infticuting the fame. 
 
 And voiir Committee iind, that in conlequence of an application from tiie Committee of 
 trade, copy of which is annexed. No. 38, the feleft Coinmittee, on the 29th of Oitober 
 
 1765, conlented to the appointment of European Agents to condufl: the bufiiiefs of the So- 
 ciety in different parts of the country ; and copies of their proceedings of that dace, and their 
 leiter to tlie Committee of trade, of the ift of November, are annexed, No. 39 and 40. 
 
 And it appears, by a letter from the Committee of trade to the feleft Committee, dated 
 i^. the ift of November 1765, copy whereof is annexed. No. 41, that 9 jierfons were then ap- 
 
 pointed Agents to the Society; and tliat on the 5ch of November, the fcicft Committee, ia 
 their ani'wer to the Committee of trade, copy whereof is annexed, No. 42, made feveral re- 
 flriftions refpefting the faid Agents. 
 
 And it appears, by a letter from the Committee of trade to the feleft Cominitree, dated 
 the 8th of January 1766, that they propofcd the Agents of the Society fhould be permitted, 
 noiwithftanding tiic original regulations before referred to in the Appendix, under which they 
 were employed to difpofe of the lalt then on band belonging to private traders; to whicli 
 the feleft Committee on the 9th of January confcnted; and copies of the f.iid letter of the 
 proceeding'; of the fele£t Committee thereupon, and their anfwer thereto, are annexed, No. 
 43, 44, and 45. — And it appears, by the letter of the leleil Committee of the 31ft; of January 
 
 1766, paragraphs 8, 9, 10 and 1 1 — copy of which letter is annexed No. 46 — that they in- 
 formed the court of Direftors of the deviation they had made from tlieir general order for 
 recalling free merchants. 
 
 And your Committee have annexed in the Appendix, No. 47, 48, 49 and 50, extraffs of 
 fuch letters from tlie court of Dire£tors, upon the fubjeft of the inland trade, as were re- 
 ceived in Bengal after the general letter of the ift of June 1764, and before the eftablifliment 
 of the fecond pkn for condufting the fait trade ; which was propofcd by Lord Clive to the 
 feleft Committee on the 3d of September 1766. 
 
 Your Committee do not find any further remarkable tranfaftions refnefting this trade, 
 which are not already before the houfe, till the 15th of Auguft 1766, when certam meichants 
 were brought before the feleft Coinmittee, and required to refund the furpius profit upon their 
 fales, being 41,535 rupees, as an excefe of the price they took beyond wliat the feleft Con:- 
 niittee thought they had a right to take ; copies ef the proceedings of the feleft Couimittee of 
 that date are annexed in tlie A^ppendix, No. 51. 
 
 And the plan whicli v/as propoJed by Lord Clive, for carrying on the fait fociety a fecond 
 year, uotwithilanding the orders from the court of Direftors ot the 19th cf February J766, 
 together with his Lordfhip's reafons for fuch propolal, are entered in the I'elcft Committee 
 proceedings of the 3d September 1766, .and copy thereof is annexed in the Apjiendix, 
 Ko, 52. 
 
 And It appears by the confultations of the 8th of Septerriber, extraft of which is annexed 
 Ln Apj)endix, No. 53, that the abovementioned proceedings were laid before the Council, the 
 new regulations aj)proved, and a Committee of trade were a]>pointed to carry the plan of the 
 fait trade into exectition. 
 
 And your Committee find, that'Lord Clive, in the ift and 2d paragraphs of hie letter to 
 the court of Directors, dated 6th September 1766, and the feleftCommitcee, in the 25th pa- 
 ragraph of the:r letter of the 8th of the fame month, and alfo in the 4th and 5th paragraphs 
 of the Ittter of the cth of December I76'6; copies of which are annexed, No. 54, 55 and 
 56, communicated to the court of Direftors the alterations which they had made in the plan 
 tor carrvinjr on the ialt trade, too-ether with their arsuments on the fuhicft. 
 
 And your Committee rind, that the Court of Direftors, by their letter to theSele'ft Com- 
 uvittee, datc<l 17th of May 1766, paragraphs 4 and 31 to 39 inclulive, in anfwer to the 
 Uengal difpatch of 3Cth of September I76<;, and which arrived at Bengal the 8th of De- 
 cember .1766, dilapproved of the plan v/hich had been tranfniitted in the faid letter of the 
 30th of September 1765, for trading in fait, (jeetle nur, aiul tobacco, and accordingly con- 
 firmed their ferraer orders for its intire abolition; declaring their opinion, that all who had 
 been cencerne<l in this trade were guilty of a breach of covenants; and in theirlcttcr to Lord 
 Chve of the fame dace, paragraphs I, 2, 3, 6, 8, 9 and 1 1, they repeat the like prohibition. — 
 And your Committee have added to their appendix. No. 57, extraft of a lettir fro 11 Lord 
 Clive to the Scleft Committee at Bengal, datctl the lOUi January 1767, relative to :he abo- 
 lition of the lalt trade — and it appears, that on the fameilay the Select Committee rtfolvcd, 
 that the Society of Trade (liould be abolillied and the inland trade totally relinqniflied on the 
 ift day of Scprcmbcr following; and it further appears, tliat in their letter to the Court of 
 Dire£tor.-., dated the 24th of January 1767, extract of which is in the appendix, No. 58, 
 lent by tiie Britannia, in v>'hich Ihip Lord Clive embarked for Europe, they informed them 
 pf the alKivementioned retblution. 
 
 And it further a|>pear6, that on the 15th of February 1767, the Scleft Committee laid be- 
 fore the council their relolution for abol firing the Society of Trade, and that tiie council 
 tlien ordered publication to be made of the fame- 
 But 
 
 \
 
 i. 
 
 ( 9 ) 
 
 But your Committee think proper to ftate, that the Societv was not in faa difTolvedtilt 
 the 14th of September 1768, as will appear by the evidence 'of Doctor Scmplc in the lub- 
 I'cqucnt part of tliis report, and likcwife by a public advcrtifement, proved to have been 
 compared with the original by Mr. W hittall. 
 
 Your Committee alto find, that Lord Clivc, after his arrivalin England, in .1 letter, dated the 
 28th of Augull 1767, ufcd many arguments with the Courtof Direftori to induce them to 
 continue the benctit of the fait trade to their fervants, as will more fully appear by the 
 letter in tlie appendix. No. 59. 
 
 And your Committee furtlur find, That Lord Clive, in another letter, dated Bath, the 
 14th November 1767, in the appendix, No. 60, remonftrated with the Court of Direc- 
 tors againft the opening of the fait trade, and taking only a duty of 10 rupees per hundred 
 maun:ls : And your Committee find, that the Court of J)ircaors, in their general letter 
 to Bengal, dated the 20th November, 1767, paragraphs 88 to 1 18, copies whereof are here- 
 unto annexed. No. 61, ordered, that the duty on fah Ihould be fo fixed as to produce a 
 revenue of ioo,cool. at Icalt, and not to exceed 120,000. and in confideration of liaving con- 
 fined the trade of their fervants to articles of import and export, iliey ordered a commilTion 
 of 21 per cent, of the nett territorial revenues to be diflributed amongil: their principal 
 fervants, in the proportions therein named. 
 
 And your Committee find, That after all the abovementioned prohibitions of the inland 
 trade, in fait, beetle- nut and tobacco, the Court of direflors, on the 15th Septeml>er 1769, 
 as appears by the 27th pavrgraph of the indruftions to the fupervifors, copy of which it. 
 hereunto annexed. No. 62. laid open the faid trade to all perfons, as well Europeans as 
 natives : but your Committee do not find, when the faid Court of direftors laid the inland 
 trade open to fuch of their fervants as were not prohibited from trading by the general fub- 
 fifting regulations, that they gave any dircftions for v/ithholding tlie proportion of the ai 
 per cent, on the territorial revenues allowed to fuch fervants, notwithftanding it has been 
 criminally given to them in confideration of their being confined to imports and exports. 
 
 m order to elucidate thefe tranfaftions, your Committee examined feveral witneffes ; and 
 that they might not break the periodical fucccffion of fads as contained in the Company's 
 records recited above, they have referved the evidence to lay before the Houfe tof^ether ; 
 And firft, ° 
 
 Mr. Sumner was calletl ujxin to ftatc to your Committee the grounds upon which tlie So- 
 ciety of Trade was eftabliflied ; and it appearing by Mr. Sumner's anfwer, that he had very 
 maturely confidered tliis fubjefl, and tliat he had thought proper to enter into a full detail 
 thereupon. Your Committee think it advifcablc to give his evidence verbatim, fo far as it 
 relates to that queftion. 
 
 The fubjeft on which 1 am now to re])ly, of all other;, opens the widcft field for mifre- 
 prefentatlon, becaufe it was the lead underliood by the Court of Diredlors, and has proved 
 the fevereft check to the intcrcfted views of individuals : the joint trade in fait, beetle-nut, 
 and tobacco having been heW forth to the world in the odious light of an oppreflive mo- 
 nopoly, it has wrought upon the feelings of a generous people as a mod intolerable grievance ; 
 fupported however by a confcioufncfs that the Sele£l Committee at Bengal pcrfeftly under- 
 ftood, and cLofely purfued, the public good, when they inftituted the fociety ; 1 Hiall without 
 fear of reproach, as one of the members of that Committee, enter into an explanation of 
 the motives which governed their conduit : It will be neccilary to recall your ideas to the 
 ftatc of the inland trade in former times ; the article of fait in particular, prior to 1756, was 
 farmed at from 25 to 35000 per annum; the revolution in 1756 extended the views of the 
 Company's fervants to advantages beyond what they had hitherto derived from a trade 
 confined to imports and exports, and from that period they began to participate in the bene- 
 fit of an inland commerce, and fome even in thofe early days of our influence, entertained 
 hopes of a right, founded upon our Phirmaunds, to an exemjition of duties upon lalt : Ic 
 was not, however, till after Meer Coflim's accclfion in 176c, tiiai fuch right was publickiy 
 avowed; then it was that the Company actjuired pofltfiion of Burdwan, Midnapore, and 
 Chittagong, on which, and the Company's Calcutta Lands, near two thirds of the whole 
 quantities of fait for the confumption of Bengal is manufaftured : bv pofilfling thcfc coun- 
 tries the Englifli confidered themfelves now the proprietors, and becann.- the principal ori- 
 ginal dealers in that article; fome were content with the profit arifing I roni lalt in Calcutta, 
 Nvhilft others launched out farther to feek the profits through the country : the magnitude of 
 this branch of trade, and the manner in which it was now carried on, became the fiibji-rt 
 of conteft and d'.!pi;tc between Meer Colfiin, and our government, the particulars ot vviiicli 
 laving been laid i)efore this Committee, not to trefpafs on their time, I beg leave to refer to. 
 
 On Meer Jaffier's re-infiatement to the government, in 1763, our intiuence with reipcil 
 to the manufafturc of fait, by the polleflion of thefe countries, continued in full force; and 
 ■our uncontcfted right to trade in fall, on paying 2^ per cent, duty, was firft cflabliflifd, 
 the natives being Uill fub"' ft to a duty of 7 per cent. : how far this dillinclion was proper, 
 1 can't pretend to determine; but certain it is, that the proprietors of tlie India Stock, r.? 
 •well as the Dire£lors, confidered it as a grant too partial in itielf, and which they appre- 
 hend might involve us in frclii difputcs with the country government. Lord Clive being ap- 
 
 G pointed
 
 ( »o ) 
 
 jifeintcd in i764totak? the cliarge of the Company's affairs in Bengal, the inland trade 
 was then confulcrcd, by, I believe, almoft every proprietor, as one of the great lour.cs of 
 contention with the country government ; it therefore became the fubjcftof ferious debate at 
 repeated general couits; by fomc it was recommended to rcflrain the fervants, as formerly, 
 to the ulual aruclcs of import and export; others fore law tlie difficulties of inducing men, 
 under the circuiiiftances of power and influence, quietly to relinquilh advantages they had 
 lon'T enjoyed, unlcfs forae adequate equivalent was propofed ; various peribns produced the 
 I'oliowin'' motion : " Tiiat it be recommended to the Court of Directors to give inflruftion 
 *•' to the prcfidency of Bengal, to iettle fuch regulations in carrying on the trade in I'alt, 
 " btttlo-nut, and tobacco, as Ihall prove moft advantageous to this Company, without pre- 
 " judicin" the jull rights of the Nabob of the provinces; and that I'uch regulations be 
 '•■ tranaintted home to the Court of Direftors by the firlt opportunity, with every infor- 
 '' mation which can enable them to determine on I'o important a fubjeft." 
 
 This motion implies a total fuipcnfion of at leaft two years of any regulations ; the form- 
 in^'aplan in Bengal, which Ihould be tranfmitted to England for the approbation of the 
 Court of Direflors before it was adopted, would have left this important branch of trade 
 open fo Ion"", and it was evident fuch delay would neccflarily b.azard further difputes with 
 the country government, which it was the carneil deiire ot the Court wholly to remove. The 
 motion was oppofed, from a full conviftion of the bad tendency of delaying the propofed re- 
 gulations, in which 1 joined with many intelligent proprietors; it was in conlcquence with- 
 .drawn, and the general court came to the following rcfolution; viz. 
 
 " That it be recommended to the Court of Direftors to reconlider the orders fcnt to 
 " Ben"-al relative to the trade of the Company's lervants in fair, beetle-nut, and tobacco; 
 ** End "that thi-y do give fuch direftions for regulating the fame, agreeably to the intercft 
 " of the Company and the Subah, as to them may appear moft prudent, cither by fettling 
 " here at home the reftriftions under which this trade ought to be caried on, or by referring 
 '< it to the Governor and Council of Fort William, to regulate this important point in fuch 
 *' a manner as may prevent all future difputes between the Subah and the Company. 
 
 If anions and words convey any meaning, certainly the v.ithdrawing the firft motion, 
 » becaufe of the delay and fufpenhon of neceffary regulations, which it implied, and fubfti- 
 
 '^ tutin"- in the room of that motion this new relolution, clearly explains the meaning of the 
 
 Court to be, that fome regulations Ihould immediately be eftabhflied, either at home or 
 abroad • the Direftors exprellly declare their inability to form a plan, deftitu'c as they are of 
 thencceliary lights and informations; yet as they now chufe to join in the ;^- aeral clamour, 
 and throw an odium on their fervants, they have been pleafed to conftrue ihtir own orders 
 into a meanin"- dircftly oppolite to the beforementioned refolution of the General Court, and 
 . and to ftilc this an unauthorized trade. The fervants, never once imagining that the Court 
 of Direftors had affumed to themfelves an authority fuperior to that of their conftitucnts, 
 adopted the fentiments of the General Court of proprietors, at which court they themfelves 
 moft of them were prefent ; they believed the orders of the Court of Direftors, although 
 loofely exprelled, were intended to convey the fpirit of the above refolution. Among many 
 injurious reflcftions which have been thrown out, it has been faid, that felf-intereft in- 
 fluenced the conduft of the Scleft Committee in this inftitution ; and that the whole was 
 calculated to brin'^ advantages to themfelves. In anfwer to this, I beg leave to obferve 
 that every member of the Scleft Committee, under the advantages they confequciitly poflefred 
 from their rank and fituation in the fervice, from their local knowledge and extent of credit, 
 rnuft have derived to themfelves much greater benefit from an open, free and unrcftrained 
 trade fubjeft to a duty even of 35 per cent, each carrying it on on his own account, than 
 they could poffibly cxpeft from "the fliare affigned to each in this joint trade, fubjeft to the 
 fame dutv, and where the profits were limitrcd. So far as concerns myfelf in point of in- 
 tcreft, I Solemnly declare I would rather have preferred the forni:;r to the latter. 
 
 With refpeft to the plan adopted for the firft year, for carrying on this joint trade, the 
 fame was formed upon the beil knowledge we could then obtain of the quantities of lalt 
 confumed in the country, and the medium prices of fait at the different markets. Wc 
 aftually fearched back for near ao years, and the prices in conlcquence of this rcfearch were 
 paid at the feveral niarkets, at which the fociety tranfported fait, from 12 to 15 per ceiu. 
 lower than the mediuin prices of ihe laid term ; from tiiefc markets it was ditpcrled through 
 the country by the natives : Our contrafts for the purchafes were likewife left o\ien to the 
 natives, and others indifcriminatcly ; fo that it may be here ohfervcd, we fought not the 
 ultimate profits either in the purchafe or the fale. The plan was tiius calculated to bringfalt at 
 a more reafonable price to the hands of the confumer ; to encrcafe the revenues to the Com- 
 pany £. 120,000 per annum ; and to hold out fuch rewards of fidelity to their fervants, as 
 mit^ht engage tlicm, by tics of intercft and gratitude, to a cordhal difcharge of their duty ; 
 but experience having pointed out, in the courfe of a year, fome dcfefts in this firft plan, fur- 
 ther regulations were impofcd in that adopted for the fecond year. The duties to the Company 
 were augmented from 35 to 50 percent, or from 120 to £. 160,000 per annum : The profits 
 to the fervants were diminilhed ; it was ordered that all lalt Ihould be fold in Calcutta 
 at 2 rupees per maund to the native merchants, into whofe hands, and under whole manage- 
 ment, it was then intircly thrown, vvith inch limitation of profits .it the different markets, 
 
 as
 
 ( >■ ) 
 
 as yielded a fufficlent encouragement to tke mcicliant, and at the fame time brought fait to 
 the hands of the confumcr at a more moJcratc price than Iiad been known in thc°prccedin£r 
 yc.irs. Sucli were the plans which arc now fligmati/.cd witli the odious anpclhicion of a 
 monopoly : The!c are the plans precipitately abohfhcJ by the court of direaors, notwith- 
 ftanding, to this hour, they have not (ubftituted any thing in their room, which deferves the 
 name of regulations. I mull here oblcrvc, that many circumftanccs concurred to render this 
 plan the moft eligible that could then be adopted. The Company at this period havin-^juft 
 come into the polleHion of thedcwannce, the Nabob's interert, with refpeft to the duties, 
 was of courfc no longer a conlidcratioa ; but it became an objeft with the fcIeiEl Committee* 
 how to enable the Compf.nv to derive to thcmfelvcs, through the channel of their Commerce', 
 all poffiblc bcnciit from their new acquiiltions : This could not be cffeftcd but by an in- 
 creafed invcftment in the manufaftuvcs of Bengal ; to fecurc this increafe, it became ne- 
 ceflary to reftrain the Ibrvants from proceeding lo largely as they had been accuftomcd toon 
 private account ; goods of the fame alfortment with the Company's raw tilk was earneltly 
 fought for by the court of diieftors, and the fervants were particularly reftrained in that 
 article, from which they had always derived the greateft profits. Moreover, the whole body 
 of proprietors having thought proper at this time to bind down by covenant their fervants 
 from the receipt of prcfcnts, and the falaries allowed by the Company to their council bein-^ 
 inadequate even to the charge of a houfe rent, no profpcdls of returnin"- to their native 
 country remamcd to the fervants, except from the advantages of an inlanil trade. Thefe 
 arc the rcafons which induced the i'dcSt Committee to lofe no time in formiii'-- a plan to 
 carry on this import.int inland trade. VV'iiat were the reafons which operated with the court 
 of diredors to aboliih and fuiFcr the trade to rclapfe into its former anarchy, they alone 
 can beft explain; they have abolllhed a plan for the inland trade, from wliich the Company 
 gained firft ;^. 120, and next ^. 160,000 per annum ; from wliich their fervants derived an 
 honourable reward of their fidelity, with a rcafonablc profpeft of independency at the dole 
 of their li;rvitudc ; from which tiic native merchants received their full Ihare of the advan- 
 tage ; and from which the confumcr received liis fait at a more moderate rate than he had 
 done for many years precedmg ; a plan equally advantageous to the Company, to the country, 
 and to the fervants ; and which, in my opinion, they will foon be obliged to adopt ao-ain, or 
 one fimilar to it. 
 
 And the witnefs being alkcd, whether he thought the quantity of fait made in Ben"-a1 
 was equal to the confuniption ? he faid. There were different opinions upon that fubjeft^ 
 but in his own opinion, more than the conlumjnion was made ; and that this opinion was 
 formed from obferving the difficulty the fociety found in difpoiing of their fait; and that 
 fpeaking at random, he Ihould imagine two millions of maunds would be fufficie'nt for the 
 confumption, and in favourable times 2,800,000 maunds were made : That fait was alio im- 
 ported into Bengal from the coaft of Coromandel, and from Perfia ; the ijuantitics in 
 general but fmall, and that from Pcrfia principally ufed medicinally : That the regulations 
 did not extend to the fait imported ; and that no fait is exported. And bcino- alked 
 whether the Committee of trade, or governor and council, lent the money of the fociety 
 of trade to the treafury in Bengal, and received the intcreft, and that intcrcft bein^^ 
 made j^rincipal was lent again, and fo on from two months to two months ? he faid" 
 That no fuch tranfadlien ever palled to his knowleiigc : That on a report of riiat kind 
 prevailing fome weeks ago, he had made it his bufmefs to fearch the Company's records 
 \ipon that fubjeft ; and that he found on the confultation of the 28th of January ij-,i 
 mention made that i6,000 rupees, principal money, was lent by the fociety to the Com- 
 pany, on the ufual terms of 8 per cent, per annum intereft : That it appeared by tlie fame 
 confultation, that this fame fum had been paid into the treafury fo far back as the acd of 
 November; and th.ii the bonds granted for the fame were to bear intcrcft from the time 
 the money was paid into the trcalury, though they were not executed till two months after 
 the payment, according to the ufual cuftom of the fervicc ; and that he fincc undcrllood 
 
 .that it was upon this circumftance, mifapprehending that two months interefl had been paid, 
 that fuch report took its rife. 
 
 And being afked, if the governor and council ever pay interefl: for il-.clr bonds, rxcppt 
 yearly } he faid. Never, when they pay the bonds off in readv money ; but tli;u it has 
 been a cuftom for many years paft, on the ilifpatch ol the lliips to Europr, that bunds aie 
 received with the intcrcft made up thereon, without any regard to their dales, and cancelled 
 for bills of exchange on Europe. 
 
 And the witnefs being ijueftioncd as to the prices of fait at Calcutta in the year ijbi, 
 and at other times previous to the eftablillimcnt of the ibcicty ; he informed vour 
 Committee, that in November 1761 he fold 55,000 maunds at 1^5, m IJctcmbcr 35'cCv) 
 
 , at 165 : — 'I'lioie falcs, and the fubfequent ones, were at a time when no duties were payable 
 in Calcutta ; but that the merchants who bought of him were fubjed to the duties of the 
 country government; and all the taxes, ftoppages, and vexations in the courfe of the boat; 
 ♦ip tJ)c country ; that he fold the following parcels as mark'.-d : 
 
 Decrmlff
 
 ( '^ ) 
 
 Decambcr 1767 MaunJs. 
 
 January 1762 
 
 2,000 
 
 at 
 
 167 
 
 3)444 
 
 at 
 
 160 
 
 12,363 
 
 at 
 
 167 
 
 1.551 
 
 at 
 
 102 
 
 2,710 
 
 at 
 
 167 
 
 For hiinfclf only. 
 Oftober 17 1,100 at 
 Odober 22 224 at 
 December 541 at 
 3,085 at 
 
 '/J 
 
 170 
 
 170 
 167 
 
 And the witnei's being alked. If he knew of any books of accounts being kept by the So- 
 
 cjetv, of the trade in lalt, beetle-nut, and tobacco? he faid, Tliat one let of books, com- 
 
 nrchcnding the accounts of the Society from the ift of September 1765 to 31ft of Auguft 
 
 ■\a766, was opened on the ift of September 1765, under the denomination of Society of 
 
 TTradc, letter (A.) Another fetof the fame fort were opened in the following year. 
 
 And being aikcd. At what time the tax of 35 per Cent, was p:ivable, and by whom ' he 
 {Wid. In the tirft year the duties were payable by tlie Commitcee of Trade, as guarantees tor 
 t'mc proprietors; but no liine was ftipulated for the payment in the deed of incorporation: 
 That the duties upon fait were computed at 90 rupees the 100 maunds ; upon beetle nut, at 
 the pi ice at which the Society purchafed; and that the Society never bought any tobacco. 
 
 Your Committee alfo examined William Bolts, Efq; refpecling the price of fait before 
 and after the e(la!)lifliment of the Salt Society ; and he informed your Committee, That at 
 a public fate, in the Mayor's Court or Townhoufe of Calcutta, on the ad or 3d of April 
 1764, 178,991 inaunds were fold in fmall lots, 1,200 at loi, the reft from 97 to 60 rupees 
 per 100 maunds, and that the fait was at Salkey, oppofite the town of Calcutta; on the 22cl 
 of November 1764, 20,000 maunds were delivered at Nulloa, about a day's journey from 
 Calcutta, to Mr. Thomas Rumbold at 85; from Oftober 1764, to March 1765, anotiier 
 quantity, of 15,725 maunds, were at the fame place delivered to Mr. Walter Wilkins, at 
 the i.imc price ; upon an agreement made in December 1764, 30,000 maunds were delivered 
 by him in Calcutta, in April 1765, to Mr. Ruffell Skinner, and Mr. Thomas Hewett, and 
 others, at 80 rupees. — On the 29th of June 1765, his agent, Mr. Peter Gallopine, as ad- 
 mininiftrator to Mr. William Hay, deceafed, fold Harry Verelft 25,195 maunds, at 95 ru- 
 pees. In Auguft, 1765, and July, fait fold from 112 to 116 — September and Oftober, to 
 141 — November, 150 — Auguil, 1766, 230 — Oftober, 280. — Thefe were the curret prices of 
 
 fait at that time. At Calcutta and at Dacca, the prices were according to the following 
 
 original account offale : 
 
 On the 13th September and 1 8th November 1765 
 
 January 1766 
 
 15th February 
 
 September 1768 
 
 170 
 
 17s 
 190 
 
 3«5 
 
 And it was at the fame price at that time at Rajahberry, a market tv^-o days iourney from 
 Dacca, as appears by an atteitation under the Kazy's feal, produced by the witnefi. The 
 prices of fait at Patnawere, on i.he 13th March 1763, at 270 per loomaund — ^from 31ft Ja- 
 nuary 1766, to nth July, the witncis fold by his agent, Cojamaul, 7,200, at Ba'ioa, Saf- 
 feram, and Choufa, at 4 rupee: 7 anna; per maund, or about 444 rupees per lOO maund — from 
 18th June 1,766, to 14 May 1767, fait was fold by his agent, Cojamaul, on the borders 
 of the Patna province, at near 6 rupees per maund, or near from 578 to 600 rupees per hun- 
 dred maunds, retail, at Choufa and other places within the diflance of 5 or 6 days fail froan 
 Patna. 
 
 The witnefs further faid, That the rupees mentioned above were Benaras Sonauts ; the 
 maunds were 80 and 82 Sicca weight. 
 
 And being alked. Why fait was at fo low a rate at Patna in the year 1763 ? he faid, Be- 
 caufe it was very low at Calcutta at that time, which was the time of the troubles. 
 
 Being alked. Whether eveiy body at that time was felling their iiilt and all other commo- 
 dities for what they could get ? he faid. He was not under any apprehenfions, longer than 
 the fivft months of the breaking out of the war — All the general alarm was over after the 
 battle of Gareea, which happened on the 2<lof Auguft 1763. 
 
 Being afked, What were- the dlftances of Choufa aT,d Saileram from Patna ? he anfwered, 
 Two days; by water, four, or fix, according to weather and current. 
 
 And the witncfs being defired to inform the Committee, at what prices he h.ad fold fait at 
 preceding periods; and having contulted his books for that purpofe, by dclire of the Com- 
 mittee, he tranfmitted an account, as follows : " In anfwcrto tiie queftion which was put 
 " tome, relative to the duties and priceof fait in Bengal antl its dependant provinces, at pc- 
 " riods previous and fubftijuent to the eftablifhmcnt of theExclulive Society r.t Calcutta in 
 " the year 1765 ; upon a careful examination of authentic-papers in my poli'eflion, 1 tind, 
 *' that at Patna, 
 
 " In May 1762, Mr. Henry Lufhington fold 2000 maunds, at 3. 5. o. per maund, 
 
 " or at 331 rupees per 100 maunds. 
 " In May 1763, Mr. John Harris fold I2CX) maunds, at 2. ii.O. per maund, or 
 " 268 rupees per 100 maunds. 
 " At Murfhedabad, 
 
 ** In February 1763, Mr. P. Harney fold 2,400 maunds, at 188 rupees per 100 
 " Ciaunds. 
 
 •* In
 
 ( 13 ) 
 
 '■ In April 1765, Mr; Afcanius William Senior fold 1600 maunds, at 150 rupees per 
 " 100 maunds. 
 ** At Calcutta, 
 
 " Intlie year 1761— From my tranfaaions with ]\Ir. John Wollaflon, Sooberam- 
 
 " byfaak, and others, 1 find the medium price of fait for the wliol« 
 
 " year, fold and delivered at Oilcutta, the ground duties being 
 
 " paid, was 170 rupees per 100 maunds. 
 
 « Irt the year 1762, It was from 170 to 160 ditto, the ground duties being alfo paid 
 
 " by t'.ie feller or importer. 
 
 " In January 1763— Upon the fame conditions I fold to a black merchant, name 
 
 " Chaund Haldar, io,coo maunds, at the then market price of 
 
 " 159 rupees per 100 maunds. 
 
 " I have already given evidence of what the prices of fait were in the years I16.1, 176c. 
 
 « 1766, 1767, and 1768. J / -t> / i. 
 
 " In the year 1769, I find, that Meflieurs Archibald Kcir and Comp. fold to Mr. 
 " William Young, delivered at Calcutta, the duties being paid, 
 " I0,coo maunds of fait, at 126 rupees per 100 maunds. 
 " And to Kcbolramghofe, upon the fame terms, maunds 1800, at 
 
 " 130 rupees per 100 maunds. 
 " And too book deb MuUick 59,393 maund?, deliverable at Culna, 
 " the ground duties being paid, at 140 rupees per ico maunds. 
 " The Khallcry or ground duty upon the making of fait, all over Bengal and Orixa, was 
 " always extremely inconfiderable, before the eftabliihmcnt of the rei'ulacions made by the 
 " various Committees of die Englifli Council at Calcutta, from the year 1762 to the pre- 
 " fent time ; infomuch that a fait merchant making his fait at firfl hand, in a threat part of 
 " the fait countries, could have made, tranfportcd, and landed his fait in Calcutta within 
 *' the expence of 25 rupees per hun Ired maunds. 
 
 " In the years 1762 and 1763, I was myfelf concerned in a large parcel of fait, which be- 
 ** ing imported from the provinces of Jellaforc and Midnapore, and landed on the fliorc cp- 
 poiite to Calcutta, ground duty and all charges included, flood the concerned at the rate of 
 fifty-five rupees per hundred maunds; upon the exportation of fait from Calcutta on our 
 own accounts, 1 and my partners always paid the Rowanah duties eftablilhed with the 
 country government ; and upon the ftoppage of foinc of our boats for the new duties af- 
 ter Governor Vanfittart had fettled the Monghcer treaty with the Nabob Cofiim Ally 
 Cawn, we adually paid the duty of 9 per 100, eftabliihcd by that treaty durino- the con- 
 " left upon that fubjcft, to avoid any appearance of a difpute upon the value of the duty. 
 
 " The medium of the charges of tranfporting the abovementioned fait from the provinces 
 *' of Jcllafore and Midnapore to Calcutta was atout 7 3-i6ths rupees per hundred maunds. 
 " The Comaiittee of lands at Calcutta, during Mr. Vanfittart's government, about the 
 " year 1762, eflabliflied a ground duty, which continued to 1764, u'jwn all fait made in the 
 " Company's twenty-four Pergunnahs, of thirty Sicca rupees per Khailary, or fet of fait 
 " pans, which were eftimated to produce in one ieafon from 250 to 300 maunds each Khal^ 
 " lary ; that duty was eflabliflied as an improvement of the Company's revenue v.'hich it 
 " certainly was, but it was at that time looked upon as a great encroachment on the laws of 
 " the country; upon the cftublilhmeiit of the Exclufivc Society, by the Right Honourable 
 *' Lord Clive and tiie Seleft Committee at Calcutta, in 1765, the above Khailary duty was 
 " by their regulations aboliflicd, though afterwards faid to be continued, and fair throueh- 
 *' out the country was fubje^cd by tiiat Coinniittee to a duty of 35 per Cent, valuing the Tain 
 " at 90 Arcot rupees per hundred maunds; and in the year 1766 thev fixed this duty at 50 
 " per Cent. — By a paper in my pofilfiioii, which is a cojjy tranfmitrcd to me from Bengal, 
 " of an order publiilred in the Bengal language, by the ( iovernor ami Council of Calcutta 
 " dated tlie firil of April 1769, it appears the whole and fole duty on fait was fixed at thirty 
 ** rupees per hundred maunds, payable upon the difpatch of the ialt from the pans. 
 
 *' Before the eftabliflimcnt of the before-mentioned exclufive fociety, Calcutta had lb far 
 •' become a general rcpoiitory and mart for fait, that it was from thence tranfported to every 
 *' part of the country, even to Luckyporc and other i)!aces, much nearer to the fait grouiids 
 " than Calcutu; lb that the prices which fait could have been afi"ordcd to be Ibid for at all 
 *' the inland places, upon a free inland tr.ade, may be very nearly and fairly computed by 
 " calculating the rilk and charges to the refpeflive markets, and adding them, with an ecjuit- 
 *' able profit, to the Calcutta price. " 
 
 And Mr. Bolts being defired to give an account of any boats belonging to him being flop- 
 ped; he informed your Coinniittee, that in the montii of October 1766, 24 boats of old fair, 
 belonging to him were flopped by the Piiouzdar at Rajamaul — tiiey had the Companv's 
 dufluck, and the permit of Ilooghly, having paid the z\ per cent, the Phou/dar told his 
 agent, as lie informed him, that he did it by Mr. Sykcs's orders; he ap])licd to Mr. Sykes, 
 but in the mean time the Piiouzdar Infilled upon having money, and look 100 fi-ea 
 rupees from liis agent; the boats were detained, and at a confiderable expence to him; that 
 Mr. Sykcs on his application got tiicm relcafcd, and ordered the ICX) rupees to be returned; 
 he had no allowance for lolfcs fuflained by dcmorage, nor did he ever learu that the Phouzdar 
 
 D w.is
 
 { «4 ) 
 
 was puniflied. — The obflraftions he met with every where induced him to fel! many parcels 
 of i;dt, at various places, much lower than he fliould otherwife have done; that he fold 7,582 
 maunds, to Mr. Sykes, at Salta Gunge, near the Dinagcpore province, at 250 rupees per 
 100 maund, in Augull 1766; which lalt he might have fold at the fame place, and at that 
 time, for 300 rupees per 100 maund, if there had not been any obftruftions. 
 
 And f'rancis Sykes-, Efquire, bemg defircd to relate what he knew of the above tranfac- 
 tion, faid, he recollefts that Mr. Bolts wrote to him relative to the ftoppage of fome fait 
 boats ; that on the receipt of his letter he applied to the minifters at Muxadabad, who en- 
 cjuirecl into the circumftances ; the Phduzdar's anfwcr was. That the Duftuck which Mr. 
 Bolts's people were pofl'efled of had not been produced to the proper officer; but on further 
 enquiry into it, he found that Mr. Bolts's people had the duftuck, and he could not get at the 
 true knowledge why the boats were detained ; but he dcfired the adminiftiation would order 
 the Phouzdar to return the money he had taken; which they did accordingly, and the money 
 was returned ; and that he recommended to them to punifli the officer. — He declared that no 
 officer of the government ever received any orders for the flopping of any boats whatever. 
 — Rajamaul, where the boats were detained, is two days journey from Muxadibad. 
 
 And for further information refpcfting the prices of fait at ditfcrent periods at Patna, your 
 Committee examined Gregory Cojamaul; who faid, that in March i7'-'5 he found by enquiry, 
 the market price was 225 rupees the lOO maund; and he ho'd fome ialt, the 14th ot Jure fol- 
 lowing, to Killing Chund and others, at 250 rupees; — atSafferara, the 30th of Auguft 1766, 
 hfe fold fait at 575 rupees; — thofe fold at Patna, were for Patna Sonatu<^, thofe at SafTeram 
 were Bcnaras. 
 
 And being alked, what was the price of beetle-nut at Patna, at the fame time ? he faid, On *|} 
 
 the nth of March 176^ beetle-nut was at four rupees per maund; 28th of January 1767 
 beetle-nut was bought for him at 10 rupees per maund; on the 13th of Oftober 1767 he 
 bought of Mr. Rumbold's Banyan at 13 rupees per maund. 
 
 Your Committee next examined Thomas Rumbold, Efquire, relative to the prices at which 
 the fait, belonging to the Society of trade, fold at Patna during his chieflhip; and he inform- 
 ed vour Committee, that he was chief of Patna from November 1766 to November 1-69, 
 and' that a fmall parcel of fait in 1767 fold at 400 rupees and i2|th the hundred maund : That 
 at the end of 1767 the greateft part was contrafted for, by fome black merchants, nt 375 Ar- 
 cot rupees ; — the retail price was four rupees to four rupees 12 annas — or fron1 450 to 457 
 rupees per 100 maund; — that of late years the price of fait has varied very much, accordmg 
 to whether there were troubles in the country or not; that he docs not know of his own 
 knowledge, but always underftood that the medium price in former years was about 350 ru- 
 pees per 100 maund — that by an account of fales, on the 18th of September 1765, it appear- 
 ed that part of the fait was fold at 400, and a large part at 312. 6 annas. 
 
 The witnefs being afked. What quantity of fait ufed to he imported into the province of 
 Bahar, before the ertablifhment of the fait fociety ? — he faid, he found, by his own obferva- 
 tions at Patna, that the confuniption was about 400,000 maunds a year. 
 
 And being alked, whether the markets in Bahar were fufficiently fupplied ? hf faid, there 
 was io large a quantity fent up by the Society, that when he left Patna, in Oftober 1769, 
 there was a great quantity of the Society's fait remained uncalled for by the contracting mer- 
 chants — when the Society firft fent up their fait, there was a great quantity of private mer- 
 chants fait then at Patna, which hindered the fale of their fait. 
 
 Being aikcd, whether any fait was imported into Bahar by individuals, after the eftablifli- 
 ment of the fait Society ? he faid, the merchants who purchafed the Society's fait, the latter 
 end of 1767, had agreed with them, that no fait belonging to individuals fhould be allowed 
 to be Imported into Bahar till September 1768 : — That the Society referved that time to' 
 themfeKes for dilpofing of their own fait — all the Society's fait fold before the above con- 
 trafts from 412 to 425; no orders ever came to Patna for fixing the price of fait. 
 
 And being alked, whether any applications were made to him to hinder the natives making 
 fait in 1768? he faid. The Company's faltpetre works were under his di'eftirn> as chief of 
 Patna. In the diftrift of Durbangar the Society's agents Mr. Leihieullier, complained to 
 him that the faltp ctremanufafturers, inftead of making the faltpetre they ought to do for 
 the Company, were employed in making fait, to the great detriment of the fale of the So- 
 ciety's fait; it had always been cuftomary, froiri the refufe of the petre, to make a fmall 
 quantity of fait, which fait paid a fmall duty to the Phoufdar, he alio paying a duty to the 
 government. — He acquainted Mr. LethieuUier that he could not put a flop to the making of 
 that fait, as it would interfere with the duties to the government — on this he complained to 
 the Society of trade; in confequence of which he received a letter from the prclident and 
 Council, dated May 1768, to which, and his anfwer on the records, he referred. 
 
 And being afked, whether he knows of any orders from Mahomed Rcza Cawn for flop- 
 ping the boats going to Patna ? — he faid, there were orders from the Society of tiaile to him, 
 and from M. R. Ciwn to Shetabroy, that no fait was to be allowed to pafs mto the province 
 till September 1768 ; that he has not the letter to afcertain the date, but he has his anfwer, 
 which is dated the 25th of May 1768; that the nature of the order to Shetabroy was much 
 the fame as that to himfelf ; that he, Mr. Rumbold, on the receipt of his letter, delired She- 
 tabroy to regulate that matter himfelf, and that he never afterwards interfered in it — That 
 
 ' applications
 
 ( ^5 ) 
 
 applications were made to him for boats that were ftopt in confecjuencc of that order; and 
 that he lias always referred them to Sheiahroy, who had the execution of that bufincfs. 
 
 And in order to obtain further information, relative to the faks of fait, your Coiniiuttee 
 examined Do£tor William Scmple ; who informed your Committee, that he went to Bengal 
 as a free merchant, and was appointed a fait agent the beginning of April 1766 — That his 
 inftruftions were to take the opinion of the gentlemen of the faftory in fettling the price, and 
 report it to the Committee for conducing the trade — That lie found tlie <3;cnilcn)en at a lols 
 and therefore conlulted the Black Merchants : The price he recon. mended was 250 ruiiees 
 the 100 maunds; at which price, with the approbation of tlie Comniiitee of tradi.-, he lold 
 upwards of 300,000 maumis — Tiiat irt the .courfe'of the enfuing winter, as he believed a 
 little after Chriftnias, and the beginning of 1767, he railed the price, bemg informed that it 
 was cuftomary in a dry I'ealbn for the lalt to rife, and fold 50,000 maunds at 320 rupees 
 in the courfe of the fpring, and 31,000 at 300 — 1000 at 325; this was before the con- 
 clufion of the firft year's fale, which finiflied in Augiift 1707 — that the fecond year's fale 
 he opened at 300 rupees 100 maunds, on the fivtl uf September 1767 — that the merchants- 
 complaining to him, that the price was rather too high, lie reported it to the Committee 
 who authorized him to reduce it ; and that he fettled it, with the perfe<ft confcnt of hi& 
 employers and the purchafers, at aoo' rupees, and fold 470,0:0 maunds, or thercalbouts, at' 
 that ))rice — that he finiflied the fecond year's fale in September 1768 — that the Committee 
 fignitied to him, that the fociety was to be diflblved, and he therefore notiiied it. bv their 
 dclire to the public, by a public advertifcment. — And being aiked, if on the lecond year's* 
 eftablifliement he had any ftatcd price delivered to him at which the fait fliould be fold and: 
 from whom ? — he faid, he was inRrufted by the Committee of trade to open the fale at 200. 
 rupees for 100 maunds, which was the price he had recommended ; and that there were net' 
 other alterations made in the price of fait than thofe he had mentioned — and beino- alked 
 if all the fait produced in the lower diftritSts of Dacca was fold by him at Rajaberry or 
 whether part of it was configned by him to the other agents at differert places } he faid tliao 
 the full year part of it was fo conllgned ; that the fecond year he fold the whole himfeif ; 
 and to bla<;K mcrcliants, agreeable 10 his orders fo to do — and being alked, when lie .weati 
 to Dacca, and whether he had any orders or injuftions from Lord Clivc before he went f— ^ 
 ha faid, he arrived at Dacca in the beginning of May — that when- he waited on Lord Cliva 
 before he fet out, his Lprillhip told him that the .lali trade was fettled in the beft metiioci 
 they could think of — that there were many arguments for and againft that trade, amono-ft 
 the flrongeftof which, in his opinion, one was, fcn<ling fo many Europeans into the country,' 
 where they wgre frequently guilty. of many outrages,- and that he hoped better things of die' 
 witnefs — that the inftant he had any well-vouched faft of that fort againft any one of the 
 agents, he fliould be called down : — And being ajked, what proportion fait fold at Rajabeny 
 at 250 rupees bears to fait iold in Calcutta at 200, allowing for the difference of rilk,- 
 and proximity of Rajaberry to the great markets of the country ? — he faid, At Rajaberrv^ 
 they were liablj to great lollcs,, and theretore their price was obliged to be higher; — tluc tlie. 
 fait coming over the open fea, grea.t loUls pften hapjjened ; whole fleets of the boats beino-: 
 caft away ; and .b<J concluded by laying, that there .were not any niurraurs at the price of 
 250 rupees. ; ; 
 
 Your Committee proceeded next to enquire into the nature of the deed, mentioned, in 
 the former part of this report, and alio in the report of the Committee of fccrecy, to have 
 been foliclteil by the Committee of trade, on the lOtli of September 17(')5, and into the 
 tranlaftions rclpe£ling the lame. 
 
 And Your Committee examined Mr. Richard Whittall ; who being afkcd, if he knewanv 
 thing of a deed to proteft the fait trade, and to indemnify the Committee of trade r — he 
 faid, he was a fworn attorney of the Mayor's court at Calcutta ; — that in Oflober 1765, 
 Mr. Verelft applied to him, and gave him inftruiSlions to prepare a deed of indemnity from 
 the preiidcnt and council of Bengal to the C-'onnairtce of trade; — that he accordingly drew 
 one up ; and ivliich upon being fhewn to Mr. Verelft, he having matie Ibme alterations, 
 approved of it; that the witnefs afterwards laid a fair copy of it before the governor anti 
 council for thfir approbation ; that by dircftion of the board he made fome further altera- 
 tions and additions in his own hand, and ingiofli;d it, and delivered it to Mr. Laurcll, the 
 fecretary to the Committee of trade ; — that about ten days afterwards he waiteil on ATr. 
 Laurcll, who defircd him to fill up the penalty, and alter the date, which was the nth of 
 September, to fome fubfequcnt day, to make it coniiftcnt witii the other deed from the fo- 
 ciety to the Committee of trade ; the ilate of which had been altered, before executioii, from 
 the 1 2th of Auguft to the i8th of September: — And being aikcci, If lie could fpeak with 
 certainty as to any time pofterior, to wliicli the deed referred to muft have been execu- 
 ted, fuppoling it was ever execrted ? he faid, I'hat in the beginning of November he 
 rented another houfc, where he was very certain both the deeds referred to were ingrolicd ; 
 and the feal vvliicli the deed from the fociety to tiie Committee of trade was liralcd, he had 
 from the owner of that houle after he went into it ; — that 16 the beft of his remembrance 
 he delivered both deeds to the Secretary about the middle of November, about ten day* 
 after which l>e altered the date, and filled up the blank for the penalty ; — that he was there- 
 fore induced to believe it muft be the end of November, or begining of December, . before 
 
 eiiher
 
 ( ts ) 
 
 cither of them were executed. And being afked, if he had ever fecn cither of them after 
 they were executed; he faid, In September 1766 he waited on Lord Clue, to receive in- 
 ftruflions to prepare another deed, when his Lordfliip informed him, that he had been pe- 
 rufm^ thofe two deeds, and which were then laying before him on the tabic; — that his 
 Lordfhib oblcrYcd to him that tliere was not any valuable confideration expreiTed, and afked 
 him, if he thought them valid ? — that he faid, he could not alcertain how far they were 
 valid in law, but that he had prepared them agreeable to the inftruftions he had received. 
 And being aiked. If he was fure the deed, if ever executed, muft have been executed after 
 the 15th of Oftober ? — he faid. He was pofitive of it. — And being aiked. With what fum 
 the blank, for the penalty was filled up ? — he faid, he believed 300,000). and that Lord Clivc 
 talked of thole deeds to him as deeds executed. — And being aiked. Whether he had any in- 
 ftruftions to keep this tranfaftion fecret ? — he faid, He had not ; but that he never did men- 
 tion it to any body but Mr. Banks, which was in the year 1769 ; — that he did not mention 
 it, becaule be thought it was a matter that Ihould not be made public, from the nature of 
 the tranl'aftion, it being an agreement to carry on a trade contrary to the orders of the Com- 
 pany. — And being aiked, What were his motives for mentioning it to Mr. Banks, after 
 keeping it fecret for three years ? — he faid, That talking to Mr. Banks, whom he efteemed 
 his friend, about a contract he had made for the Committee of trade, he mentioned it in 
 common converfation. — And being aiked, when and on what occafion, he lirft mentioned 
 the deed in England ? — he faid, That he mentioned it foon after his arrival, which was in 
 November 1770, becaufc he thought it ought to be made public, and that he was not bound 
 in honour to keep it fecret; — that he firft fpoke of it to Mr. Bolts, and in December 1771, 
 was called before the Court of Direftors to be examined about it. (The copy of the rough 
 draft of the deed produced by Mr. Whittall, as referred to him in the above evidence, i< 
 hereunto annexed, No. 63.) 
 
 Then William Brightwell Sumner, Efquire, being afked. If he knew any thing of a 
 deed entered into between the Governor and Council, and Committee of trade, to enfure 
 the carrying on the fait Society for one year ? faid, That fucli a deed was entered into ; tht 
 cxprefs terms of the deed he did not recolleft ; but he faid he ccnlidered it as an engagement 
 en the part of the proprietors to pay to the Company certain ftipulated duties, and on the 
 part of the Governor and Council to fecure to the proprietors the carrying on that trade for 
 the fpacc of one year, or to fave and bear them harmlefs. — Being afked, whether any men- 
 tion was made of that deed by the Governor and Council upon record ? he referred your 
 Committee to the confultations i6th of September 1765, and to the 40th and 41ft para- 
 graphs of the letter from the Governor and Council to the Court of Direftors, dated the 
 30th of September 1765 (copies of which are annexed in the appendix to the former Re- 
 port of this Committee.) — And Mr. Sumner being afked. Whether the deed, which he had 
 formerly faid was executed, was drawn up by Mr. Whittall ? — he anfwered in the affirmative. 
 
 Some days after the above examination, Henry Strachey, Efq; a Member of the Com- 
 mittee, produced a paper, which he faid he believed to be a copy of the deed of indemnity 
 to protcft the Society of the fait trade : — That he ordered a copy to be made, when he was 
 in BenTal, in 1766 or January 1767 : — That the paper is in the hand writing of Mr. Wil- 
 liam Hippillcy Cox, who was in his office at that time, as to the body of it; and that the 
 names of the ccntrafting parties fubfcribed to it, and the indorfement, arc in the hand wri- 
 tin<T of Mr. William Wynne, who was alio an affiftant in his office; — and that he believed it 
 to be the copy he lb ordeied to be made.— —And being aiked, When he found that that copy 
 was in his poiTeirion ? — he replied, A few weeks ago, but could not fay exa£tly. — And being 
 aiked, If he could fay, that the deed was executed before the 15th of Oftober 1765 ? — he 
 faid. He did not know when it was executed. — And your Committee have alio annexed 3 
 copy of the faid deed produced by Mr. Strachey, No. 64. 
 
 Your Committee having thusftated all the circumitances they have been able to colleft 
 refpefting the deed of indemnity in 1765, they think proper to remark. That by a letter 
 from the Committee of trade, dated the 15th of July 1767, entered in general confultations 
 of the 27th of the fame month, it appears that a lecond deed of indemnity muft have been 
 entered into with the Committee of Trade for that year, viz. MeilVs. Carrier, Ruilell, Al- 
 derfey, and Floycr ; but no fuch deed has appeared before your Committee, nor can they 
 difcover any traces of it in the records of the Company. 
 
 Your Conmiittec is next proceeding, in puriuance of their original plan, to enquire into 
 the feveral matters therein contained, and they will report from time to time, to the Houie, 
 the progrefs they fhall make therein. 
 
 Your Committee have added to the Appendix, No. 65, 66, and 67, State of tlie Duannec 
 revenues of the Eaft India Company's territorial acquifitions, from May 1765 to the lafl ad- 
 vices, with the amount of charges, collefting, Sec, and civil and military charges, with the 
 nett annual balance ; and alfo tlie ftate of the receipt of the- northern Sircars from the time 
 of the grant of them to the laft advices ; and alfo copy of the minute of Mr. John John- 
 flone, Oftober the ift 1765, in anfwer to the additional declarations of Mahomed Reza 
 Cawn, in his letter of the 23d of June 1765, and the reiolutions of the Selcft Committee 
 thereupon, on the 4th of July following ; which papers are referred to in the body of the lait 
 report from this Committee, but were omitted to bs annexed in the Appendix thereto. 
 
 APPENDIX
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. I. '' 
 
 Company's Letter to Bengal, 22cl February 1764. ., 
 
 35. TT 7" E cannot avoid taking notice, that in the courfe of the proceedings between thcj 
 VV commillaries of this company, and thofcof the Dutch, among other of the latter's. 
 alledeed grievances, they complain that the ophiuni trade at Patna had been monopolized by- 
 Mr. M'Gvire ; and we find by your regiftcrs, that the faid complaint was too well founded: 
 you are therefore tofignify to Mr. M'Gwire our difpteafurc at this ti-anfacllon of his ; and as 
 iucha proceeding in future mufl: prove very prejudicial to individuals, and be the means of oc-: 
 cafioningembarrall'ments to the company, it is our pofitive orders, that you take care to pre- 
 vent every kind of monopoly ; and if you find any perfon or perfons guilty of fuch unfair 
 practices, he or they are to be forthwith difmifled from the Company's fervice. 
 
 ■ ■t 
 No. 2. 
 
 Extraftof a Letter from Lord Clive to the Honourable the Court of Dire£tors for Affairs of 
 
 the United Eaft India Company, dated at Berkley Square, 27th April 1764. 
 " TT is likewife true, that the encroachments made upon the Nabob's prefcriptive rights, by 
 " -^ the governor and council, and the reft of the fcrvants, trading in the articles of fait, 
 " bestic, and tobacco ; together with the power given by Mr. Vanfutart to fubjcdl our go- 
 " m.'lt:'-h$ or agents to thejurildidion and infpeflion of the country government ; all concurred 
 " to haften and bring on the late troubles ; but ftiU the groundwork of the whole was the 
 Nabob's independency. It is iinpofTihlc to rely upon the moderation and jufticc of MulTul- 
 mcn ; ftriia and imp.irtial juftice fhould ever be obfervcd ; but let that juftice come from our- 
 *' fclvcs. The tradiii;^ therefore in fait, beetle, and tobacco, h.aving been one caufe of the pre- 
 " fcnt difputes, I hope thefe articles will be rcftored to the Nabob, and your fervants abfolutely 
 " forbid to trade in them. This will be ftriking at the root of the evil. The prohibition of 
 " duftucks to your junior fervants will, I hope, tend to reftore that ceconomy which is fo 
 ♦' necefliiry in your fervice. Indeed, if fome method be not thought of, and your Council 
 " do not heartily co-operate with your Governor to prevent the fudden acquifitions of for- 
 " tunes, which have taken place of late, the Company's affairs muft greatly fuller. What 
 *' power it may be proper to invert me with, to remedy thefe great and growing evils, will 
 ♦' merit your feriousconfideration : as a means to alleviate in fome meafurc the diflatisfadion 
 *' that fuch reftridions upon the commercial advantages of your fervants may occafion in them, 
 " it is my full intention not to engage in any kind of trade niyfelf; fo th.at they will divide 
 " amongft them what ufed to be the Governor's portion of commercial advantages, which was 
 " always very confiderable." 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 Extraa of a Letter from Lord Clive to the Court of Direaors, dated Calcutta ift February 1766. 
 
 (( 
 
 14. pERMIT me. Gentlemen, to return you my moft grateful acknowledgements for the 
 ^ confidence you are pleated to repofe in me, by the 40th paragraph of your general letter 
 of the 15th of P'ebruary 1765, in relation to the important article of the fait trade ; and though 
 I hope my condudt in your fervice will entitle me to your approbation in every other inftance, I 
 cannot but congratulate niyfclf on the fuccefs of that particular plan, fince it was originally 
 propofed by me, during my voyage to India.— The only doubt thatarofe with me was, whether 
 the management of the tr.ide of fait, beetle, and tobacco, fhould be intrufted to Europeans or 
 to natives"; and although I acquiefced with the reft of the members of the Select Committee, in 
 having it carried on by the free merchants, give me leave to aflurc you, my acquii-lcence pro- 
 ceeded rather from a principle of humanity, than a conviftion that it was more for the intereft 
 of the Company, or tor the intereft of the fbciety ; but as every day's experience demonftratcs 
 the impropriety of the prcfent mode, it becomes my duty to explain to you my fentiments ou 
 
 that fubjcdt. , • , • r 11 L 
 
 15. The original capital for carrying on this trade being 24 lack, which is fpccdily to be 
 increafed to 32, and the fait being to be difpofed of at fo many difterent and diftaiit piuts of the 
 
 y countrv.
 
 1 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4. 
 
 country, gives room for boundlefs expence ; an aftonifhing number of boats muft be provided, 
 and kept in conftant repair, and armies of feapoys mult be maintained to protect them, as well 
 2s the agents at their fevera! places of refidence. Thefe feapoys, under the famSlion of their 
 mafters names, will lay the whole country under contribution; wherever they go, rcmon- 
 ftrances and complaints without number will be made by the country government; and the 
 revenues, in which you are more immed-iately affeited, will fall fhort: thefe agents, befides 
 drawing 5 per cent, upon the net fales, will build elegant houfes for their own convenience; 
 and 1 verily believe that an hundred and fifty thoufand pounds will fcarce defray the extraordi- 
 nary, and in my opinion ufelefs, expence, by confining the fale of fait to Calcutta, Dacca, 
 and two or three other principal places where the fait is produced : all thefe inconveniences will 
 be remedied ; the company will receive as much ; the proprietors will receive as much as they 
 do upon the prefent plan ; the immoderate charges of agents, boatmen, houfes, boats, and 
 feapovs, will be faved ; the capital need be but half of what it is now, and confequently the 
 ihtereft of a large fum of money will not be lavifhed ; inflread of contufed and complicated' 
 accounts and returns, not in two years, the accounts will be fimple and plain, and the 
 returns immediate : but what weighs more with me than all the arguments hitherto advanced 
 is, that wcfhall avoid the odious imputation of monopoly : thoufands of the natives will have 
 profits out of this article, by purchafing it at two or three places only, and dilpofing of it after- 
 wards all over the country ; for I propofe that no European whatever (hall have any further 
 Concern in it. 
 
 lb. If you fliouid think proper to adopt this new mode of carrying on the fait trade, and agree 
 ■with me in the expediency of withdrawing all the free merchants, humanity will call upon you' 
 to make fome provifion for thofe who are deferving of your favour ; and I cannot, injufticeto 
 the characters of the following gentlemen, avoid recommending them to your confideration ; 
 their age, behaviour, andexperience, intitle them to the rank of fadlors ; and I doubt not they 
 will become meritorious fervants of the Company. 
 
 Mr. Archdekiri, Dalr^mple, Lethieullier. 
 
 Baillie, Kellican, 
 
 Benfley, Knott, 
 Blomer, Lifter, 
 
 Cobham, Mudie, 
 
 ■ ';. ■ . Craigie, Yates, 
 
 f He very fenfible behaviour of Mr. Ducarel, upon the figning of the memorial of the fer- 
 vants to the Court of Diredlors, obliges me to point him out to you, as particularly deferving of 
 your favour ; although he was only appointed a writer laft year, yet his age and underftanding 
 qualify him for a higher ftation ; fome encouragement you will undoubtedly beftow upon him 
 for his condud in the late affair. 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 Fort William Confultation, 22d February 1763. 
 
 Copy of the Imperial Mandate. 
 
 To all Governors, Officers, and Managers of our Affairs, Jagirdars, Fauzdars, Ka- 
 ruries, Rahdars, Guzrdans, and Zemindars, of the prefent and time to come, in 
 the Provinces of Bengal, Bahar, Orixa, Port of Hughley. and other Ports of the 
 aforefaid Provinces, who hope for the Imperial Favour. 
 
 BE it known unto all you, that in thefe days of our triumphant reign, Mr. JohnSurmon, 
 and C. Huajah Sherad, agents on the p.'irt of the Englilh Company, have preferred a peti- 
 tion in our juft and equitable prefence to the following purpofe : 
 
 In confequence of a decree of his moft Sacred and Imperial Majefty Shah, deceafcd, and 
 former grants, the Englifh Company are exempted from all cuftoms in all parts of our domi- 
 nion, except the port of Suratt, pay annually into the imperial treafury at Hughley three thou- 
 fand rupees, as a tribute in lieu of cuftoms j and hope that, according to forrner grants, our 
 royal mandate will be vouchfafed to them. 
 
 Our abfoUite and high command is pafl'ed. That you, knowing well whatever goods and 
 merchandize their agents may bring into, or carry out from, the ports, borders, and quarters of 
 thefe provinces, cither by land or by water, be exempt from duties, fhall leave them to buy and 
 fell at their owii free liberty, fhall annually receive the eftablifhed tribute, and upon no other 
 account impede or interrupt them. — Moreover, 
 
 If any where the leaft article of their effects fhall be made awavwlth, you are to ufe all dili- 
 gence in the recovery thereof ; and fhall deliver over the thieves to condign punifhment, and 
 the goods to the proper owner : further, wherefoever they mav fet up a fadtory, and buy and 
 fell goods and mercfiandize, you are to afford tlicm help and fupport in all matters of contra<5l, 
 and with all juftice and fairnefs caufe to be repaid unto their agents whatever demands tliey may 
 have upon any merchant, weaver, or other perfon ; and you are to allow no one to moleft their 
 agents; or (hall you (top boats hired by them, or of their own property, for toll, or on any 
 other account whatever. 
 
 They
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 4. 
 
 They alfo rcprefented to our moft Sacred and Excclknt Majefty as follows : 
 
 In our provinces the petty officers infift upon the original grant and atteftaticn under feal of 
 the nadthim and dcvan of the province ; but tranfniitting the original grant into all parts being 
 difficult, they hope that, accordingly, credit may be given to copies under leal of a cazzy 
 m giftrate, and the original grant not be demanded, nor they interrupted for want of an atteUa- 
 tic.il from the nad nazim and deiwan. Moreover, 
 
 That in Calcutta the Company have a factory ; that the right of holding Calcutta, 
 Satalutee, Gobindpoor, in the eftimate of the Pcrgunnah, Ameerabad, &;c. of the pro- 
 vince of Bengal, which they bought of the Zemindars, has been a long time made over to 
 them ; that they pay annually, as a tax for it, one thouiand one hundred and ninety-five 
 rupees, lix annah^ : alfo, that there are thirty-three villages at the taxation of eight thoufand 
 one bundled and twenty-one rupees, eight annahs, pertaining to the faid dillrids; they intreat 
 that tlie right of holding the faid diftridts Tse granted to them, the tax for which they being 
 annually to pay into the royal treafury. 
 
 Our mod high and equitable decree has been made to this efFeft : Copies of the original 
 grant, under feal of the chief cazzy magiftrate, fhall be deemed valid ; and we have been 
 pleaf.dgracioufly to confirm them in their right of holding tlie dees regfous they have purcha- 
 fed, upnn the former conditions; and granted them the power of keeping the other di- 
 ftiicts, fir which thev petitioned the deiwan of the province ihall fuffer thcni to make the pur- 
 chafe o! the lawful owners. 
 
 They further intreat as follows : 
 From the reign of his moll bounteous Majefty Shah, deccafed, in the provincial treafuries, 
 an exchanjie has been taken on their money coined at Checnapatan ; now feeing that the filvcr 
 of their faid money is of equal finenefs with thai of Suratt, they, our fubjcdts, though peti- 
 tioners, accordin-^ly fu-iTer a lofs ; and htimbly beg' that our imperial order may be pafied, that 
 ti'.ey be not rr.oleft;d on account of the value of their coin, equal in goodnefs to that of Suratt 
 and o'.her phices. — Moreover, 
 
 That -if any of the Company's fervants indebted to them fliould make his efcape from anv 
 of their fettlemenfs, he may be fent back, to the chief of their factory; alfo, that they be not 
 interrupted on account of the fouzdarry duties, or any other abuab fauzdary practices not al- 
 lowed, becaufc of which the Company's agents and officers do fufi'cr inconveniency. 
 
 An order from our moft high and authoritative court has been palled to the following cfTecl : 
 From the 5th year of this blclled reign, if the filver coined at Cheenapatan fliall in fineneisf 
 be like unto the coin of the royal harbour of Suratt, there Ihall be no difcount required on 
 the cufiorc, or the exchange. — And, 
 
 Any one of the Comp;my's fervants who fliall be indebted to them, and make his efcape 
 from any of their fettiements, you arc tr) apprehend and deliver up to the chief of their fac- 
 tory ; nor (hall you throw any impediment in their way, on account of collcciing the culloiiis 
 not allowed. 
 
 They have alfo reprefented, that. 
 In Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, the Company have factories ; and being dcfirous of erecting, 
 factories in other places, humbly beg, that whereloever they may fet up a lactoiy forty bcgahs 
 of ground will be grantetf them from the lands ot' the empire : moreover, their vefll'U at fund ry 
 times, through ftorms of wind, are forced on {bore in our ports, and'irc ftranded ; the gover- 
 nors o; the ports injurioufly mike prize of the cargo, and in divers places infilt upon a fourth 
 part of it ; further, in the ifland of Bombay, belonging, to the Engliih, the European coin is 
 current, niay be ftiuck into ficcas as at Cheenapatan, 
 
 Ou* abfolutc decree is, that ye fliall act as is the cuflom at all fadlorics in our other pro- 
 vinces ; and yc are to protect thefe pco,de, who hold factories in all parts of the empire, ajid 
 extend their tr.affiek even into the impcri.il camp, with their eftcdts' and veflJcls ftrandcd or da- 
 maged, and fupply them with all things neceflary. — And, 
 
 In the idand of Bombay ficcas fliall be {truck, and be current in like manner as the ficcas in 
 6ther parts of the kingdom of equal finencfs with the coin current in our happy realms fliall 
 pafs for equal value. — Moreover, in all affairs yc are to adt conforrfiable to this glorious decree, 
 and rtridtly abftain from and avoid what is repugnant to the order of our molt high court; 
 nor fliall you every year infift upon a Irefti funnud grant: herein ufe all care and' diligence. 
 Written on the 27 of the moon Maharam ul Haram, the 5th year oF HiS' Mdjefty's aufpicious 
 reign. ' 
 
 Tranflato, No. J. Copy of a Purwannah under' Seal of the C^ahd' Vizier Camfcd 
 Dcen Chan Cheen Bahadur, diiedtcd to Nawab Setfaraz Ch-ui ; viz. 
 
 May his Excellence of eminent and high rank, the glorious Lord' Serafaraz Chan, be 
 diftmguiflicd with the imperial favour. At this time the deputy on the part of the Engliih 
 Company has petitioned as follow? : 
 
 The Company have obtained the imperial mandate, comprehending an exemption on all 
 cufloms, on their paying annually the tribute of three thoufmd rupees into the royal ticafuty 
 at the port of Hughley, and they do pay that tribut'. into the faid port ; but the people under 
 
 the
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 4- 
 
 the nay.Im, and the Jelwans in the provinces, fouzdars, and others, contrary to the order of 
 his moft facred and auguft Majefty, to molcft thein in their way, they being in humble expec- 
 tation, that an hafbut hukJn, diieded to your Excellency of eminent and high rank, com- 
 prehending an exemption and uninterruption, in conformity to the imperial mandate, maybe 
 granted them ; and it appearing, on the face of the books in his Majefty 's office, that the Aim 
 of three thoufand rupees, in lieu of cuftoms in the Englifh Company, is annually eftabliflied ; 
 his moft excellent Majefty's hufbul hukin is accordingly, That you fhall refolve to a£t in pur- 
 fuance of the imperial mandate, not interrupting or molefting them by any manner of exaftion ; 
 in this matter ufe the exacteft diligence and utmoft difpatch. Written on the 17 of Rajabut 
 Marejab, the 9th year of the reign. 
 
 Tranflation, No 5. Copy of his moft Sacred and Imperial Majefty's Hafbut Hakin, 
 under Seal of Cotab ol Melk Yameen ed Dowlah Seyed Abe Ellah C. Han Baha- 
 dur, victorious in War, Commander of the Forces, trufty and well beloved ; viz. 
 
 To the Miniftersof State ofthe prefent, and Time to come, in all Parts and Provinces of 
 thefe happy Realms. 
 
 Be it known unto you all, that at this time Mr. John Surman, and C. Hwajah Serhad, and 
 Mr, Stevenfon, petitioners on the part of the Englifh Company, have intreated in the moft 
 gracious and auguft prefence, that the moft facred and imperial orders might be paffed in their 
 name to the following efFedt : 
 
 " Every Company's fervant indebted to them, that may defert their fettlemcnts, fhall be 
 fent back again to the chief of their fadlory." 
 
 Which being allowed — his imperial Majefty's hufbut hukin is written, that ye fhall appre- 
 hend every fuch perfon of the fervants of the Company as fhail delert their fcttlements, and de- 
 liver him up to the chief of their fadtory : in this matter ufe all diligence. Written on the 9th 
 of the moon Dzee Hijah, the 5th year of the reign. 
 
 No. 6. Copy of his moft Sacred and Imperial Majefty's Hafbut Hukin, &c. &c. 
 
 Be it known unto you all, that at this time Mr. John Surman and C. Hajah, and Mr. 
 
 Stevenfon, petitioners on the behalf of the Englifh Company, have intreated as follows : 
 
 The Company's agents and officers in moft places being troubled on account of Formaifh 
 Abuab Mumnuah, collecting the cuftoms not allowed, they requeft his Majefty's orders may 
 be paffed, that they be not impeded on account of fouzeany or zcmindary duties, or the other 
 cuftoms not allowed. 
 
 A decree of the moft high court, exempting them from the cuftoms not allowed, being made, 
 and the imperial mandate granted them ; his moft facred and excellent Majefty's halhut hukin 
 is accordingly written, that ye z£i in ftricl compliance with the glorious edi^ft, fhall not in any 
 manner impede or moleft the faid people on account of cuftoms not allowed by the imperial 
 court, to the end that they may carry on the bufincfs of their trade to their own fatisfaction. 
 In this matter ufe the exadeft diligence. Written on the 9th of the moon Dzee Hijah, the 5th 
 year of the reign. 
 
 Copy of the Imperial Hafbut Hukin, under Seal of Jemlattul Mulk Modarul Moham, 
 the Grand Vizir of the Realms, Eatemadod Dowla Camarod Deen C. Han 
 Cheen Bahadur Naffatt Jaug Mahamed Skahy. 
 
 To the Officers of State of the prefent and time to come, in the Provinces of Bahar, 
 Paradife of Nations, Bengal, and Orixa. Be it known unto you all, that at this Time, 
 Aneep Chand, Deputy on part of the Englifh Company, has petitioned as follows : 
 
 The Company have obtained a fpecial mandate of exemption from cuftoms, on paying the 
 annual tribute of three thoufand rupees at Hughly Port, and they do pay the eftabliflied tribute 
 at the faid port ; but the people ofthe nadthim and deiwans in the provinces and fouzdars, and 
 others, contrary to his Majefty's moft inviolable commands, moleft them in their way ; they 
 being in humble expectation, that an hafbut hukin of exemption from duties and uninteruption, 
 purfuant to the imperial mandate will be granted them, fince alfo from the face ofthe books in 
 his Majefty's office it appears, that the fum of three thoufand rupees pcfhkufh, in lieu of cuf- 
 toms on the Englifh Company, is eftablifhed in Hughley Port. Accordingly the imperial huf- 
 but huken is written, in order that, purfuant to the contents of the fpecial mandate which 
 they have obtained, ye may proceed, and in no manner or way hinder or moleft them in this 
 particular year, to ufe the exadeft diligence and utmoft difpatch. Written on the 29th of the 
 moon Shaaban, the 9th year of the reign. 
 
 No. 13.
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4. 
 
 No. 13. Copyofa Diftah undcrSealof Jemlattul Mulk, &(?. Grand Vizir Camarod 
 Dccii Chan behadur. 
 
 To all Gomaft-nhs, Fouzdars, Rahdars* Gurznbans, and Zemindars, and others. Guar- 
 dians of the Roads and Palles in the Provinces Bahar, Paradife of Nations, Benc^al, 
 and Orixa, this Diftah is written ; viz. " 
 
 The Englifli Company are exempt from all duties, purfuant to the Emperor's fpecial man- 
 date, and they pay annually three thoufand rupees into the treafury at Hughley in lieu of cuf- 
 toms ; and in the aforefaid provinces they are allowed to have annually, for'^the time to come, 
 fleets of boats paflTing and rcpalTing : — the imperial hafbut hulcin is in conlequence written, that 
 you (hall rot ftop or interrupt them on account of taking toll, and the other cuftoms not al- 
 lowed by the court, but (hall fuftcr them to pafs in fafety. In this particular ufe the moil ex- 
 ad diligence and utmoft difpatch. Written on the ijth of Rejat ul Morajab, the 9th year of 
 the reis[ii. 
 
 Tranllate, N°. 16. Copy of the Imperial Hafbut Hukin, under Seal of Colabut 
 Mulk Seycd Abdallah Chan Bahadur, &c. &c. 
 
 To the Officers of State of theprefent and Time to come, in the Provinces of thefe happy 
 Realms. 
 
 Be it known unto you, that at this time Mr. John Surman and C* Huajall and Mr. Stevenfon, 
 petitioners on the part of the Englifh Company, have reprefented in the moft facred and aufpi- 
 cious prcfence ; as follows : 
 
 At the ports that the Company have fa£tories eftabliflied, the Englifti people buy and fell in 
 molt of the ports and aurungs ; but in fundry places and aurungs, whither the fendin^ of 
 Engliflimen cin't be eft'eded, they make contradts with the merchants and traders of their 
 country, and depofit their money with the merchants and traders, to purchafe the commodities 
 and brmg them to them ; they hope that his Majefty's order may be given to the officers of ftate, 
 that they fliall not hinder or interrupt any perfon that with a duftuck from the chief of their 
 factory may make any purchafe in thefe ports and aurungs. 
 
 His Majefty's abfolute decree being made, that you {hall take the lift of the account under feal 
 of the chief of their fadory ; and according to that lift give a fannad under your own feal ; the 
 imperial haftiut hukin is written, for you to proceed in conformance to his Majefty's decree, 
 and taking a lift of the account under feal of the chief of their fadlory, you (hall give a fannnj 
 under your own feal, agreeable to that lift : — In this matter ufe the exaSeft diligence and ut- 
 moft difpatch. Written en the 5th of the moon Dezee Hijah, the 5th year of the reign. 
 
 No. 21. Copy of the Imperial Haftjut Hukin, under Seal of Seyed Abdullah Chan, 
 &c. &c. 
 
 May his Excellency of eminent and princely rank, Akaram C. Han, be favoured with the 
 Almighty protedlion. 
 
 At this time Mr. John Surman Chuajah and Mr. Stevenfon, petitioners on the part of the 
 Englifti Company, have reprefented in the moft high and refpeftable court as follows : 
 
 'I'he gold and lilvcr, on account of the Company, ufed to be coined in the mints Johan-^ir- 
 nagar and Akbarganar : — But a mint being fome years paft eftabliflied in Harccmabad, they 
 humbly hope that the Company's money may be coined therein as heretofore, and that the 
 officers of the mint may a(k no more than what is cuftoniary, and take only the appointed 
 charges •, and that when the merchants may have a great deal of bullion, three days in the week 
 may be allotted for coining the Company's money ; his Majefty's moft authoritative decree be- 
 ing pafTcd, That your Excellency do caufc fuch regulation to be made ; the imperial hafbut 
 hukin is accordingly written, that you do ejiablijhtd that the gold and filvcr of the Company, 
 accordin<T to former cuftom, be coined in the mint of Karicmabad ; and when the merchants 
 may have a great deal of bullion, upon condition the government fuffers no lofs therefrom, you 
 fliall caufc thnt tTiree days in the week be fct apart for coining the money of thefe people. In 
 this matter obfcrve the exaiSteft diligence and t'tmoft difpatch. Written the gth ol Dzeehijah, 
 the 5th year of the reign. 
 
 N". 22. Copy of a Charter imderSeal of the moft excellent Meer Mahomed Jaaffir Chan 
 Bahadur, Mahabatt Jang, from the 27 th of the Month Showal, thc4thY«arof the 
 Reign. To the Officers of State of the prcfent and Time to come. Lieutenants, 
 Fouzdars, Zemindars, Chowdhries, Canungoies, Officers, and Managers, in the 
 Paradife of Nations, Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa. 
 
 Ec it known unto you, feeing that the Fnglifh Company is exempt from duties, in confe- 
 nucnce of the fpecial mandate and imperial hafbut hukin : — Therefore we have written, to the 
 end that on ihofc goods, v/hich the Company's faiftors carry backwards and forwards by land or 
 by water, with a duftuck under feal of the chief of their (adtory, at their fadtc^rics, aurungs, 
 and other places, you aic not to demand the Kaft duty or cuUo.n, but to allow them free liberty 
 
 G to 
 
 '
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4. 
 
 tolniV or fell, not interrupting them in any manner whatever, nor requiring any thing by way 
 offillhey, mangan, or other cuftoms of the zemindary — and the Company's agents iliall buy 
 and fell the Company's goods, nor (hall there be a broker concerned therein without the Com- 
 pany's confent ; and you fhal! aflift them whercfoever they may make purchafes or fales of any 
 commodities. Whofoever fhall aft fo repugnant to this order fhall be delivered up to the difpofal 
 of the Eiiglifli, and receive the recompcnce of his deeds ; and if in any place a fingle article of 
 the Company's efFetSts (hall be made away with , you are to find out that very fame, and return it 
 to the Company, or elfebe anfwerablefor the fame yourfelves ; and you (liall cau!e to be repaid 
 unto the Company's agents whatever demands they may have upon merchants or other people 
 for failure of contract : — nor fhall it be in the power of any one to nioleft their agents. More- 
 over, you (hall not flop boats hired by them, or of their own property, on account of toll or 
 other cu(toms : you fhall give credit to copies of the Company's grants attefted by the magi- 
 ilrr.te, nor demand the original grants ; and any one that is dependant on the Company, and 
 (hall defert their bounds, you (hall not protect or fupport him, but deliver fuch perfon up to 
 the chief of their factory. — Moreover, ye (liall not moled: the Company's agents or people, on 
 account of colledlingthe fowzdary duties, or any other cuftoms not allowed by the government. 
 Further, the Company have faflories in the provinces of Bengal, Bahar, and Orixa, befides 
 which, wherever the Company have a mind to fet up a faftory, you are to give them forty be- 
 gahs of ground ; and if vefl'els of the Englifli, through florms of wind and rain, run afliore in 
 our ports or other places, and fuft'er (liipwreck, you are to give them all alfiftance ; take par- 
 ticular care of (trandcd vefl'els, and deliver them as faved to the Company, and are not to 
 demand a fourth part, or any thing elfe forbidden by his Majefty. Moreover, a mint is efta- 
 blifhed at Calcutta, and the Company have a perpetual right to coin gold and filver, which may 
 be equal in weight and finencfs to the afhrafees and rupees of Moorfhedabad ; it is to pafs cur- 
 rent in all his Aiajefty's treafuries. — Ufe all diligence to a<5l (triftly in conformance to the herein- 
 written ; nor (hall you annually demand a fre(h charter. 
 
 Treaty with Serauje Dowla. 
 
 Firft. Whatever rights and privileges the King has granted the Engli(h Company, in their 
 phirmaund, and the hufbulhookums fent from Dilly, (hall not be difputed or taken from them, 
 and the immunities therein mentioned be acknowledged and ftand good : whatever villages are 
 given the Company by the phirmaund (hall likewife be granted, notwithftanding they have 
 been denied by former fubahs j the zemindars of thofe villages not to be hurt or displaced 
 without caufe. 
 
 Signed by the Nabob. I agree to the terms of the 
 phirmaund. 
 
 Second. All goods pafllng and repaffing through the country by land or water with Engli(h 
 duftucks (liall be exempt from any tax, fee, or impofition, from chokeys, caulwales, ze- 
 mindars, or others. 
 
 Signed by the Nabob. I agree to this. 
 
 Third. All the Company's faftories feized by the Nabob (hall be returned — All monies, 
 woods, and effefts, belonging to theCompany, their fervants, and tenants, which have been 
 (eized and taken by the Nabob, (hall be reftoied — What has been plundered and pillaged by his 
 people, made good, by the payment of fuch (urn of money as his juftice (hall think 
 reafonable. 
 
 Signed by the Nabob. I agree to reftore whatever 
 has been feized and taken by my orders, and ac- 
 counted for in my ficcary. 
 
 Fourth. That we have permilEon to fortify Calcutta, in fuch manner as we may think 
 proper, without interruption. 
 
 Signed by the Nabob. I confent to it. 
 
 Fifth. That we fhall have liberty to coin ficcas both of gold and filver, of equal weight and 
 jinenefs to thofe at Muxadavad, which (hall pafs in the provinces. 
 
 Signed by the Nabob. I confent to the Englifh Company's 
 coining their own imports of bullion and gold into ficcas. 
 
 Sixth. That the treaty fhall be ratified by figning, fealing, and fwearing, to abide by the 
 articles therein contained, not only by the Nabob, but his principal officers and minifters. 
 
 Signed by the Nabob. I fealed and figned the articles 
 before the prefence of God. 
 
 Seventh. That Admiral Charles Watfon, and Colonel Robert Clive, on the part and behalf 
 of the Englilh Nation, and of the Company, do agree to live in good underftanding with the 
 
 Nabob i
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4. 
 
 Nabob ; to put an end to there troubles, and to be in friendfhip with him, while thofe articles 
 
 are performed and obferved b y the Nabob. 
 
 Signed by the Nabob.— I have fealcd and (Igncd the 
 foregoing .irticles upon thole terms : tliat if the 
 Governor and Council will fign and feal them with 
 the Company's Ral, and will fwear to the per- 
 formance on their part, 1 then confent and agree 
 to them. 
 
 Tranflate, N**. 24. Copy of a Sannad or Charter, under Seal of his Excellency the 
 Nawab Meer Mahomed Jaaffier Chan Bchadur Mahabatt Jang, directed to the Rajahs, 
 Zemindars, Jalucdars, (Verbally the fame as N^. 22.) 
 
 N". 25. Copy of a Daftnh taken on the 20th of the Moon Dzeccaadah, tJiB^th Yfjar 
 of the Reign, under Seal of Suja ol Molk Haflam od Dowlah Meer Mahomed JaafRer 
 C. Han Bahadur, Mahaabiit Jung ; viz. 
 
 To the Fouzdars, Zemindars, and Chokeydars, Guzrbans, and Guardians of the'^oaas 
 and Pafles, in the Provinces of Bengal, Dahar, and Orixa, this Daftak is written. . 
 
 The goods of the Englifh Company (hould have always a free paflage backwards and forwants, 
 both by land and by water, agreeable to the order of his nioft imperial M jelly, in the pro- 
 vinces alorclaid, accompanied with the daftdk of the Englifh Company. Now alfo know it to 
 be again eftablilhcd and appointed : it behoves you to acknowlege the Company's dultuck as 
 current, and in no manner or way to impede or hinder their goods, either pafling or rcpalling 
 in the way, on account of collecting the hatcbarah mangan, and other culloms not allowed by 
 the imperial court, but to let them pafs without taking the leaft duty or cullom whatever, and 
 without molefting the dependants on the laid Company. In this matter ufmg the exadeft 
 diligence act agreeable to herein-written. 
 
 Tranflate, N". 23. Copy of a Grant for a Mint, under Seal of his Excellency of 
 Senatorial Rank, the Nawab Meer Mahomed Jaffir Can Bahadur Mahabatt Jung, 
 from the 15th of the Moon Deccaadah, the 4th Year of his Majelty's Reign ; viz. 
 
 May their Eminencies of high rank, of illuftrious and diredlorial dignity, the moft honoura- 
 ble Company of Merchants of England, be the obje£t of the imperial favour. 
 
 You have a mint eftabliflied in Calcutta: you the moft honourable of merchants are to coin 
 Hccas, bearing tiie name of Calcutta, of gold and filver, equal in finenefs and weight to the 
 afhrafees and rupees of Morfhedabad : your coin (hall be current in the provinces Bengal, Bahar, 
 and Orixa, and fhall pafs in the imperial treafury, nor fhall any one flop or impede it bccaafe 
 of batta. 
 
 Copy Trandation of a Trea'y between the Nabob Meer Mahomed Coflim Cawn and 
 the Company. 
 
 Meer Mahomed 
 Coflim Cawn 
 Bahadur. 
 
 Two treaties have been written of the fame tenor, and reciprocally exchanged ; containing 
 the articles under mentioned, between Meer Mahomed Coflim Cawn Bahadur, and the Nabob 
 Shums's Dowlah, Governor, and the reft of the Council, for the affairs of the Englifli Com- 
 pany ; and during the life of Meer Mahomed Coflim Cawn Bahadur, and the duration of the 
 fa£lorics of the Englifh Company in this country, this agreement Ihall remain in force. 
 God is witnefs between us, that the following articles fhall in no wife be infringed by either 
 
 party. 
 
 Firft Article. — The Nabob Meer Mahomed Jaffir Cawn Bchadur (hall continue in poflciTion 
 of his dignities, and all affairs be tranfaded in his name, and a fuitable income Ihall be allowed 
 for his expences. 
 
 Second Article. — The Niabut of the fubahdarcc of Bengal, Azimabadan, anJ Oriflli, fh^l 
 he conferred by his Excellency the Nabob on Meer Mahomed Cailim Cawn Ba ladur : he Ihall 
 be vefted with thcadminiftration of all aftairsofthc provinces, and after his Excellency he Ihall 
 fucceed to the government. 
 
 Third Article. — Betwixt us and Meer Mahomed CofTim Cawn B.ahadur, a frm fric.idlhip 
 and union is eftabliflied ; his enemies arc our enemies, and his friends arc our friends. 
 
 Fourth
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 4- 
 
 Fourth Article.— The Europeans and Jolingas of the Englifn army /hall be ready to aflill 
 the Nabob Meer Mahomed Caffim Cawn Bahadur in the management of all affairs, and in all 
 affairs dependant on him they (hall exert themfelves to the utmoft of their abilities. 
 
 Fifth Article. — For all charges of the Company, and of the faid army and provifions for the 
 field, &c. the lands of Burdwand, Midnaporc, and Chittagong, fliall be afligned, and funnuds 
 for that purpofe ihall be written and granted. The Compiiny is to {land to all loiFcs, and 
 receive all the profits of thofe three countries ; and we will demand no more than the three 
 aflignments aforefaid. 
 
 Sixth Article. — One half of the Chunam produced at Silkett for three yeans fliall be pur- 
 chafed by the gomaftahs of the Company, from the people of the government, at the cuftomary 
 rate of that place. The tenants and inhabitants of thofc diflridls (hall receive no injury. 
 
 Seventh Article. — The balance of the former tuncaw fhall be paid according to the rift- 
 bundic agreed upon with the Roy Royan. The jewels which have pleJ^ed {h:il\ be received 
 back again. 
 
 Eighth Article. — We will not allow the tenants of the fircar, to fettle in the lands of the 
 Engli(h Company, neither the tenants of the Company be allowed to fettle in the lands of 
 the urcar. 
 
 Ninth Article. — We will give no proteflion to the dependants of the fircar, in the lands or 
 in the factories of the Company, neither (hall any protection be given to the dependants ot the 
 Company in the lands of the fircar ; and whofoever (hall fly to either party for refuge (hall be 
 given up. 
 
 Tenth Article. — The meafures for war or peace with the Shahzada, and raifing fupplies of 
 money, and the concluding both thofe points, (hall be weighed in the fcale of reafon ; and 
 whatever is judged expedient (hall be put in execution; and it (hall be fo contrived by the 
 joint council, that he be removed from this country, nor fufl-ered" to get any footing in it, 
 whether there be peace with the Shahzada or not. Our agreement with Meer Mahomed 
 Cawn Bahadur we will (by the grace of God) inviolably obferve, as long as the Englifh 
 Company's factories continue in this country. Dated the jjth of the month SefFer, in the 
 year IJ74 of theNejra. 
 
 Sign Manual of Meer Mahomed Colfim Cawn. 
 
 This was fealed on the i8th of the month Seffer, in the eleven hundred 
 and feventy-fourth year of the Nejra ; and the propofals are agreed to. 
 
 Extraft of the Company's General Letter to Fort William, Dated the 26th February 
 1702-3. 
 
 You muft infift upon it as our right, that we be cuflom-free in Bengal, Patna, and Orixa, 
 on the payment of 3000 rupees a year; that our duftucks pafs in all places ; that our grant of 
 Calcutta and adjacent towns be continued ; and that all the other privileges and advantages 
 obtained by the old Company formerly, or by them or the new Compiny of late, be enjoyed by 
 this United Company, according to the true meaning and full intent of the faid grants ; and 
 we would have the fervants of each Company do all they can to keep us in quiet enjoyment of 
 the faid privileges, by reprefenting to the government, you are now the Engli(h national Com- 
 pany, ju(lly intitled unto thofe privileges. 
 
 Extraft of the Company's General Letter to Fort William. Dated the 2d March, 
 1702-3' 
 Our privileges in Bengal of being cuftom-free, except the yearly acknowlegement of 300 rupees, 
 are fo elTential a property to this Company, and of (uch great importance to us, that it requires 
 the utmoft fteady care and fidelity to preferve them : it was an expenfive war, a ftoppage of 
 trade, and other accidents, that retrieved them after they had been left chiefly by the feuds among 
 our fervants, who, to juftify their own quarrels, expofed the unfaithfulnefs of their chief to 
 the government; that he covered the Moors, and other nations, goods by our duflucks, and 
 thereby defrauded the Nabob and other governors of their duties. To prevent the like evil 
 for the future, we order you to caufe a common fcal or chop to be made, for the fcaling of 
 duftucks, and other public ufes, with fuch words or motto as you (hall judge moft proper; 
 which feal or chop we would have remain in the cullody of the fecretary, under the keys 
 or feals of our two chairmen, not to be ufcd but in the prefence of them both ; and the 
 fecretary muft atteft and regifter all duftucks which you grant, and which we hereby diredtfball 
 be granted for Englifh people's goods, and no others. 
 
 Copy 72 Paragraph of the Company's General Letter to Fort William. Dated the 
 4th February 1772. 
 
 Although you have frequently been warned by us againftall manner of illicit trade, that our 
 afFairs might not be embarrafTcd with the country government, apd yet many evils have we fre- 
 quently 
 
 I
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4. 
 
 qucntly Tuffercd thereby, yet you acquaint us, that the fait was clanJtftinely carried up in the 
 fleet to Patna, laying the whole blame on the military officers, alluring us it was without your 
 privity. 
 
 Copy of the 148 Paragraph of the Company's General Letter to Fort William. 
 Dated 3d March 1758. 
 
 We therefore order. That the cuftom mafter do in future keep the regifter of duftucks, and 
 that no duftuck be granted, but on oath made by the party demanding the fame, that the goods 
 or merchandize fpecified be and are on his own proper account ; and that he does not dircdtly or 
 indirectly therein cover the property of any of the natives of Bengal, free merchants, or any 
 others, excepting our inveftmcnt contractors bringing down our goods, (but not their own) and 
 Our covenanted fervants ; that the King, or Moors government be not defrauded of their juft duties 
 and revenues ; that the faid oath be tendered by our cuftom mafler, who fliall attcft the fame at 
 one corner of the duftuck before it is prefented to the Prefident for his figning and fealing ; and 
 in all refpecls, when it does not f/«/7; with our prefent plan of regulations, you are to adhere 
 ftriftly to the rules and orders laid in our letters, per Somerfetand Pclham, dattd the 17th June 
 1748. 
 
 Copy of 34, 37, 38, and 39 Paragraphs of the Company's General Letter to Fort 
 William, dated the 17th June 1748. 
 
 34. As many difputes arife with the country government, from a licentious ufe of the privi- 
 leges granted to the Company, particularly by giving our duftucks to fuch who are not intitled 
 10 have them, cither by virtue of the Mogul's phirmaund, or by any authority from us, or by 
 the abulc of them, even by fuch as may have aright to them ; and as we cannot with reafon 
 expe£l to have our aft'airs carried on in a quiet amicable manner, while our fervants are com- 
 mittin:; cr conniving at fuch mal-pra£lices, to the prejudice of the royal revenues, and th? 
 fupport ofclandeftine traders, which nuilt manifelUv be hurtful to the true intereft of the Com- 
 pany ; we ftrictly enjoin you to take care, that for the future all abufes of that nature be effec- 
 tually prevented ; and that we may have cognizance of all duftucks granted, and the ufes that 
 are made of them, we o.dtr that on receipt of this no duftuck be granted to any perfon, but on 
 their application for the fame by reqticft in writing to the Council ; in which the perfon making 
 fuch reqiieft fhall fet forth the quantity and forts of goods intended to be imported, and frorri 
 what place they are to come, and fhall decl.ire for whofe account they are; and the Council 
 findina: fuch requefts confiftcnt with the rules of the Company, are to order duftucks to be made 
 out and delivered accordingly : minutes are to be made in a book, kept for that purpofe, of all 
 fuch requefts, diftinguiftiing which are granted, and which are rejected j copies thereof muft 
 be fent home, at leail yearly, figned by the Governor and Council ; and a book fhall be kept, 
 in which every duftuck. taken out fhall be regiftered, whether it be for the Company's account or 
 for account of others ; the particulars of each duftuck fhall be entered on one fide of the folio 
 of this book, with the perfon's name for whofe account it is, and a blank (hall be left on the 
 other lidc of the folio, oppofite fuch entry, for the purpofes hereafter mentioned. 
 
 37. And that there may be no doubt as to the perfons who are to enjoy the benefit of the 
 duftuck, it is hereby declared, that ail goods imported and exported by the Company, or for 
 their account, are to be fent with duftucks, and every merchant who contracts with the Com- 
 pany, Ihall be intitled t-b a duftuck, for importing whatever he may have fo contracted for; 
 but not for the exportation of the fame, unlefs in cafe of damages, in order to fend them back 
 totheaurungs to have the goods new wafticd or repaired ; all merchants who buy goods of the 
 Company to fend into the country for fale, fhall be intitled to duftucks tor that purpofe, for 
 which goods only befides them, our immediate covenant ("ervants are to be intitled to duftucks, 
 and them under thcfe regulations ; but every perfon making a falfe declaration, on rcquefting 
 for a duftuck, or impoiting or exporting goods, with duftucks, otherwifc than allowed as 
 above, or proftituting the duftuck in any way whatfocver than it is afked for, ftiall be imme- 
 diately difmifTcd from our fervice, and fent home; and every merchant, dealing with the Com- 
 pany, who (hall commit any fraud in the duftuck, (hall be excluded from having any further 
 dealings with the Company, diretStly or indirectly ; and all the goods imported or exported in 
 fraudulent manner, ftiall be deemed unliccnfcd trade, and (hall be confifcated accordingly ; one 
 third to the Company, one third to the informer, and the remaining third to the regifter of 
 the duftucks. 
 
 38. And in cafes where the Company's affairs arc involved with the country government, by 
 means of any abufes of the duftucks, the perfon who (hall have committed fuch abufe (hall be 
 anfwcrnblc for the fame to the country government out of their eftate ; or if a native, (hall be 
 delivered up to country government, as a perfon having forfeited the protection of the Company, 
 if he do not make fuch fatisfaCtion as may immediately extricate the Company's aftairs. 
 
 39. Every perfon dealing in Bengal fait, or any other referved or prohibited commodity, con- 
 trary to the known eftablilhed laws of the country, (hall be dealt with as if he or they had 
 committed a fraud in the duftucks; but in cai'e the country government pretend, by any new 
 laws or prohibitions, to encroach on the privileges granted to, and hitherto enjoyed by, the 
 Company, and thofe under our protection, you arc at all events to refift fuch unjult attempts; 
 and if you cannot procure relief by amicable means, you arc to obtain it by making ufe of ail 
 
 H the
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4. 
 
 the force you have, as we wifli on no account to fubmitto any innovation, which may, either 
 atprefent, or hereafter, difgrace the Company, or be prejudicial to his interefts. 
 
 Copy of the 66, 67, 68 and 69 Paragraphs of the Company's General Letter to Fort 
 William, dated the 25th March, 1757. 
 
 It is with much concern we obferve, in your detail of tranfaftions with the country govern- 
 ment, that every circumftance and opportunity affords preteiifions for exadtions ; it is impoffible 
 for us to mark out any precife rules for your conduct in general, we can only fay, that you are 
 to be zealous in preferving our phirmaund rights and privileges; and when any iums of money 
 are demanded, or any oppreflions endeavoured to be laid on our trade, or other wife, that you 
 will obviate or fettle them upon the beft: terms you can ; in doing which, our great dependance 
 mufl: be placed on your fenfe and care. 
 
 Among many other unreafonable demands, that made upon you for the Cotmah's efFefts is of 
 a very pernicious nature, as it tends to render our protedlion of no efFefl, and fubjefting the 
 Englifh flag to contempt. We find this affair was not brought to an iflue upon the coming 
 away of your laft advices ; but we hope your fleadinefs and refolution will difappoint /:/ffo/f:<M- 
 leng m his opprefTive and lucrative views, and confirm the rich natives, who lefide in the 
 Company's limits, that their perfons and effeds will be fecure. 
 
 A further inftance of very unfair proceedings appears in the affair of the Chekeys ; for after 
 you thought our trade was fufficiently and efFedlually fecured from their oppreflions, by ample 
 grants from the Nabob, a pretence was fet up, of an equivalent to be made for thofe leafed out 
 under the Packowtrah Drogha, amounting to about twelve thoufand rupees, which we find was 
 left to Mr. Watts, and his council, to fettle with Hookujnbeg, with a caution, and indeed a very 
 proper one, that it fliould not be made a precedent for the like demand from his fuccelTors; we 
 hope to hear that this affair has been fettled accordingly ; and here we mufl add, that, as many 
 of thefe opprcffions take their rife from great abufe in the duflucks, we (hall depend upon your 
 regulating them, in fuch a manner as will moft effectually prevent all pretences for complaint 
 in future. 
 
 We obferve, upon Hookumbcg's making a peremptory demand for ficca rupees 2300, on ac- 
 count of the fugar purchafers, you had empowered the gentlemen of Coflimbuzar to pay him 
 that fum; this is another inftance of opprcffion, which is now become in a manner annual ; you 
 mud ufe your bed endeavours to prevent its being cftablifhed as a cuftom ; and we do expedl 
 that you will take care to collect, from thefe perfons who have the benefit of that Uade, all im- 
 pofitions it is the occafion of. 
 
 Copy of the 102 Paragraph of the Company's General Letter to Fort William, dated 
 the ift April 1760. 
 
 The real grievances and clogs to the fair trader are well known to you all ; thofe removed, 
 every merchant would chearfully fubmit to the moderate duties we have dircdted to be levied j 
 and this is confefl'cd by the principal fubfcriber to the merchants letter now in England. The 
 hardfhips we mean, are the grofs and iniquitous abufes that fpring from the power of duftucks, 
 they being confined to our covenant fervants ; trade has been fubjecEted to very heavy impofi- 
 tions ; it is a well known faiS, can be proved abroad, and alfo in England, that our chiefs at 
 fubordinates gain full twenty percent, upon the goods they provide the private trader, and often 
 exclufive of commifTion, fo that the merchant carries his goods to market at an advance per- 
 haps of 25 per cent, upon their value in Bengal ; the black merchants they apply to our junior 
 fervants, and for valuable confiderations receive their goods covered with our fervants names; 
 sven a writer trades in this manner for many thoufands, when at the fame time he has often 
 not real credit for an hundred rupees; for the truth of thefe affertions we need only appeal to 
 yourlelves ; this then is the ftream from whence have flown numberlefs mifchiefs, perhaps the 
 capital caufc of your late dreadful misfortunes. To fetter trade is oppofite to all good policy; 
 and we believe Calcutta the only colony where manufadlories are locked up from the merchant ; 
 we therefore muft, we will have a reform in this important branch if it is evident ; the expencc 
 of that phirmaund privilege for commerce is ruined by thole unfair practices; the merchant 
 can bear no more, and fearful to fpeakout, demurs to our juft duties, and afcribes his inability 
 to remote caufes; the government annually defrauded of immcnfc duties, and even their fub- 
 je£ts property covered by the Company's name, muft ever look upon us a vile faithlefs people, 
 ftrangers to honour and (we muft now add) gratitude; fuch are the confequences rcfulting 
 from the abufe of a privilege obtained at a very heavy expence, for our particular advantage. 
 In the regulating of this branch, we wifh to maintain a refpectable charaiEter, fecure the govern- 
 ment from being injured, and preferve to the fair trader fuch freedom and benefits, as are com- 
 mon to all our other fettlements, and which he certainly has a right to. It is not in our power 
 to obviate all difficulties, but however, points out the remedy, to fix trade upon an equitable 
 bafis. — He may depend upon receiving fignal marks of our favour ; perhaps the Nabob may 
 iind it his intereit to fettle for a certain annual fum upon the general trade, his own fubjeifts 
 included, which wijl be farming the commercial duties dependant upon Calcutta. This 
 
 fcheme
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4. 
 
 fchcme muft, wc apprehend, anfwcr every good purpofe ; it removes all cauAis of contention 
 with the government, dultucks will be abolifhcd, the merchant will i^ladly employ, and chear- 
 fuily allow our fervants a rcafonable commiflion, and iiitereft for the provifion of his goods ; 
 but if more than five per cent, commiflion is charged, upon complaint he is to be redrefled, and 
 the Company will be rcimburfed the annual fum they may pay for f<irming the general duties, 
 by an additional impoft of two or more per cent, on tiic goods brought down by Europeans, 
 and a larger duty on what may be imported by the Indians ; and if the amount mould exceed 
 the annual fum ftipuhued with the Nabob, we are willing to add the furplus to our Prefidcni's 
 fmall emoluments : If this plan ihould take place, let us view the trader's fituation ; he is 
 relieved from the prcfcnt exaction, from twenty to twenty-five per cent, he will pay five per 
 cent, commiflion on his goods, two percent, to the duties farmed, and four per cent, cuftoms, 
 and be will therefore export hisc;oods from nine to fourteen per cent, advantage. If you can 
 form a better fcheme, adopt it ; but remember, at all events we Ihall expeift the duftucks are put 
 upon fuch a juft footing, as to fecurc the government their duties, and enable the merchant to 
 pay our cultoms. 
 
 Copy of the no to 118 Paragraphs of the General Letter to the Court of Directory, 
 dated the 16th January ij6i. 
 
 lie. The obfcrvations corv,cernin;i the privilege of duftucks, contained in the loi and 102 
 parngr.iphs of your commands, dated the ifl of April 1760, have been conlidered, with that 
 attention which fo earneft an injunction from your Honours ought, and always will, excite in 
 us ; \ve beg leave to nJl'ure you, that we have confidered it with minds free from any view to 
 our own private in terelh; and that, if the regulation propofed by your Honours, or any other 
 that we could imagine or have been informed of, had appeared capable ot putting trade upon a 
 better footing, for ail traders in general, without prejudicing the Company's inveftment, wc 
 would moll readily have endeavoured to obtain the Nabob's confent. 
 
 lit. Your Honours, perhaps, have not been fufficiently informed of the difficulty that is 
 continually met with, atmoft of fubordinate fettlements and aurungs, in procuring a lufficiency 
 of deaths for the Company's inveftment; J ivoulii indeed he ablblutely impoflible ever to fulfil 
 your orders, were there not many rcftiiiStions in favour of the Company at the fubordinates ; 
 the gentlemen in the fervice are forbid to make any purchafes for themfclvcs, until the quan- 
 tity required far the Company is fecured ; the gentlemen at Calcutta are not permitted to fend 
 gomaftahs to purchafe at the aurungs dependant on any of the fubordinates, nor the gentlemen 
 ot one fubordinate to make purchafes at another. It is the fame v/ith the outaurungs dependant 
 on Calcutta; none of the gentlemen in the Company's Icrvice are permitted to (end gomaltahs 
 to any place where there is a gomaflah purchafing any goods for the Company, without giving 
 notice to the Committee of Aurungs, and getting a letter from them to the Company's go- 
 maftah ; who is to take care that he does not interfere in any thing prejudicial to the Com- 
 pany's inveftmcnts. Thefe reftnetions are calculated to keep the weavers confined, as much 
 as poflible, to the Company's fortments ; which we believe would fall extremely (hort, as 
 well as grow continually dearer, if the free merchants had the privilege of duftuck equally with 
 the Company's fervants J the great number of purchafers at the aurung muft of cnurfe make the 
 price of labour rife ; puichafers alfo, who having no dcjieiulance on the Company, would nut 
 willingly fubrait to any regulations we might make, nor think it juft that any preference flvniKI 
 be given to the Company ; the trade would fuft'er fo much by the number o\ competitors., that wc 
 think the eWzB. of fuch a change would be very difficult trom what your Honours propofe ; and 
 that, inftcad of being a relief to trade, it would be a great hurt to the merchants in general, and 
 to the intcrcft of the Company in particular. 
 
 112. We flatter ourfelves, that your Honours will, for the reafons beforementioncd, ap- 
 prove of our not cndeiy ourlng from the Nabob, his acceptance of a certain yearly fum to be 
 paid by the Company, in lieu of the duties now collciited by the government from the mer- 
 chants of Calcutta ; 'fo that all without exception mij;lit have the privilege of duftucks ; but 
 v.x- believe, if we had found it fo conllfteiu with the Company's intereft to put the trade upon 
 that footing, the Nabob's afTent could not have been obtained. The Prcfideiu when at Mur- 
 Ihadabad alked. Whether fuch a propofal would be agre' al)le ? But far from approving it, he 
 feemed much alarmed ; fcnfibic of the great detriment it would be to the revenues of Houghly, 
 which arc made up chiefly of the cuftoms upon goods going to, and from, Calcutta. 
 
 113. The fum to be paid the Nabob in lieu thereof, in cafe fuch an agreement had taken 
 place. Would have been fo conl'ideraMe, that the duftack duty to be levied here for thrf Com- 
 pany's reimburfement, muft have been a very heavy addition to your other cuftoms; nor is it 
 to be doubted, but thofe merchants who complain now of the preference given to the Com- 
 pany's fervants, in refpe£t of duftucks, would have complained yet louder ot this additional 
 duty. 
 
 J 14. Thofe gentlemen who have figned the letter referred to by your Honours, have for the 
 moft part not the leaft reaf'in to complain of unreafonable dealings in the Company's fervaiit.^ ; 
 tome ot them who have cmployedConipany'*'; fervants to provide iheir goods have had ihcm at very 
 
 moderate
 
 APPENDIX, No. 4. 
 
 moderate rates ; but In general they have been unwilling to make any contra£ts, and have 
 chofen rather to take the chance of the market, which has proved fometimes favourable to the 
 feller, fometimes to the buyer ; at this time goods made at ColTimbuzar yield little or no 
 profit here, while goods made at Dacca and Luckypore will yield tenty twenty-five or thirty 
 per cent, and thefe laft, five or fix years ago, were fo extremely low here, that feveral of the 
 gentlemen of the Dacca fa£lory fuffered much in their fortunes, by providing them, as they 
 could not o-et their prime coft ; this ri(k the Company's fervant runs ; it is the fair chance of 
 an open market, with the free merchants for the nu)ft part, as we have before obferved, prefer 
 to contrafts, and they have no more right to complain when the price in the market happens 
 to be high, than the feller ; when it happens to be low, when they themfelves bring goods to 
 fell from foreign markets, they are not wanting in their endeavours to fell them lor as high a 
 price as they can. 
 
 115. Such therefore have nojuft reafon of complaint, as they have not contraftcd or en- 
 deavoured to contract with Company's fervants ; but there are fome, whom we undcrftand 
 have had fufficient grounds for complaint, we mean thofe who formerly had concerns under the 
 Governor and Council in the freight (hips; in which we have been informed it was a praftice 
 for each gentleman of the Council to load his own proportion in goods, and thefe goods every one 
 charged at what price he thought proper : the Captain and Supercargo, depending on the 
 Governor and Council toprovide their goods, were obliged to take their concern in a cargo made 
 up after that manner ; and no wonder the voyages turned out extremely ill, an unreafonablc 
 profit having been made on the goods before they left the port. 
 
 116. But we beg leave to aflure your Honours, that the gentlemen, now concerned jointly 
 with us, received a very different treatment ; fuch goods as are bought at market here, not 
 havino- been contrafted for before, are bought on the beft terms pofTihle, bv managers appoint- 
 ed out of the concerned, and no profit of any fort charged upon them here ; fuch goods as are 
 provided from the aurungs by ourfelves, or by contrail with the gentlemen at the fubordinates, 
 are delivered at fo moderate a premium as barely to anfwer the intereft and rifle of providing 
 them, with a fmall confideration for the time and charges faved by means of the dufiuck ; an 
 advantage which was undoubtedly intended to be referved to the Company's fervants, when the 
 indulgence of the duftuck was granted them ; the calculation of the advance propoled to be 
 put upon the goods provided at the feveral fubordinates and aurungs, in proportion to the 
 diftance and the rift, is entered on the minutes of the Confultation of the 24th of November, 
 to which we beg leave to refer you. 
 
 117. That the abufe of this indulgence, formerly too common a praftice, we have reafon 
 to think is but a juft reproach ; but we are equally convinced, that no fuch pradice has been 
 followed fince the attention given to this matter laft year, and the oath prefcribed to be taken 
 by all who have the benefit of this privilege ; we doubt not but this folemn tye, added to the 
 recrard which the gentlemen in your fervice have for their own reputation, will be fufEcient to 
 make them abhor fo diftionourable a practice ; if any there be, who," ftrangers to thefe fenti- 
 ments, (hall venture to abufe an indulgence for which they ought to be thankful, v;e (hall hold 
 them unworthy of your fervice, and make a (evere example of all who fhall be dil'covered. 1 he 
 Prefident will be particularly obfervant of the applications made to him for duftucks, and he has 
 already recommended to the Nabob, to caufe all his guards, at the feveral choukeys, or watch- 
 ino- places, upon the river, to be more ftricl in the examination of boats, and to feize all who 
 fhall be found with Engtifh colours without a duftuck ; this is an impofition often pracSfifed 
 by Portuguefe, Armtnians, and the country people, to defraud the government of their 
 cuftoms ; and through the indolence or knavery of the chowkeys has doubtlefs fucceedcd very 
 frequently, and been the caufe in great meafure of the complaints that have been put unde- 
 fervedly to the account of the gentlemen here. 
 
 118. We (hall leave this fubjedl with afiuring you, that we (hall acquiefce, without mur- 
 muring, inthelofsof the advantage of the duftuck, if your Honours, after confidering all that 
 we have taken the liberty to fay, (hall continue to think fuch an alteration would be for the 
 benefit of trade in general, and confiftent with the Company's intereft j at the fame time, we 
 cannot help giving it as our opinion, that the Company's fervant has a very reafonable preten- 
 fion to fome indulgence in the matters of trade over the free merchant, confidering that the 
 latter has his whole time to apply to the management of his private concerns, while the for- 
 mer is employed for the moft part in attending his duty to the Company. 
 
 Copy of the 43 and 44 Paragraphs of the Company's General Letter to Fort William, 
 dated the 19th February 1762. 
 
 By the dire£tions we gave in our letter of the ift April 1760, we meant, that the Nabob 
 fhould not be defrauded of his duties by an abufe of the duftuck, nor private traders oppreffed— 
 but as it appears, by your advices of the i6th January 1 761, that the farming the duties of the 
 TSabob, and the other methods we have pointed out, are not pradlicable, we muft therefore ac- 
 quiefce in their not being carried into execution i at the fame time, we repeat and Ciiforce 
 
 what
 
 — t- 1 ■ > 
 
 . Whether, by the phirmaund and fubfcqucnt treaties, wc have aright to trade in every 
 :, whether tor foreign or inland trade, duty free ? 
 
 APPENDIX, No. ^. 
 
 what we mentioned incur faid letter, that at all events the duftucks are to be put upon fuch 
 a footing as to fecuic the government their duties, and enable the merchantj, to pay our 
 
 It has been intimated, that fomc of our late fcrvants had ena;roncd the f;ile of beetle and fait 
 to their own great emolument, but highly prejudicial to the Entered: of the Nabob; as fueti 
 meafures tend greatly to the embroiling our affairs, as well as being injurious to the' commu- 
 nity, we enjoin youto take the uunolt care, that neither our fervants, or arty perfons reiiuing 
 under our pioteflion, have any concern in fuch farms for the future. 
 
 Due attention having been paid to the perufal of thefe fevcral papers and cxtr.'.tSls, the 
 feveul members of the board are defired to give in writing, next Tuefday, their fentiments of 
 tl'.e Prcfident's letter to the Nabob, confidered with all ihe fore/aid papers, and alfo on the 
 followmg queftions ; 
 
 ift. """ 
 article, wnetner lor foreign or inland trade, duty : 
 
 2d. Whether any duties ought to be paid to the country government on fait, beetle nut, 
 tobacco, or any other articles ? 
 
 3d. Whether the Company's duftucks {hall be for the future granted with fuch articles ? 
 
 Of late, the trade of fait, from Calcutta up the country, has been carried on by the Enalifli 
 inhabitr.nts in general, who having firft paid the duties at Houghly, and having i;ot the phouf- 
 dar'.<; duftuck or rowanna, had then a paflport or certificate from the Frefident to accompany it. 
 
 4th. Whether certificates fhould in future be granted to any but Company's fervants ? 
 
 5th. Whether the Englifii gompllahs, in any parts of the three provinces, fhall be fubjecl 
 in any manner to the controul of the officers of the country government, and how far ? 
 
 6th. If not, how are we to regulate the difputes that may happen between them and the 
 Country government, and particularly in thofe parts where we have no factory ? 
 
 Received another letter from Lutkypore. dated the i6th inllant, acquainting us of further 
 extraordinary afts of violence and inlolcnce committed by Aga Nazam Comar Ally and Buddul 
 Cawn : the fame having been read at the board ; 
 
 Agreed, we write an anfwer thereto, diredtmg the gentlemen at Luckypore to feize the per- 
 fons of Aga Nazam Comar Ally and Buddul Cawn, and fend them down to Calcutta, that 
 we may either punifli them ourfelves or infifl: upon the Nabob's doing it ; that on this fervice, 
 they will take care to fend force enough to execute it with a certainty of fucccfs, and for that 
 purpofe rather wait for a reinrorccmeiit from Chittagong, than engage in the enterprize with an 
 infiiificient number ; that in cafe the detaciiment ordered from Chittagong to Dacca fhould not 
 have pafled Luckypore before the receipt of this letter, they may diredt the officer to execute this 
 fervice before he proceeds thither; or, if any part of it lies nearer and more convenient to the 
 diftricls of Chittagong, they may write to them to carry fuch part into execution from thence. 
 
 As a full board was intended to have been fummoned to confult on the fubjeft of the late 
 regula ions, Mr. Johnfcn moves, that tl.e opinion of the abfent members, Meffieurs Ellis, 
 M'Ciuire, and Vcrelft, be alfo a(ked on this fuhjedV, and the papers relative thereto be for- 
 warded to them ; which he thinks will obviate the objection made to this proceeding, of fiim- 
 moning the abfent members to the board on affairs cf fuch confequence, as it ftands minuted 
 by the i'refident, the i(t February. 
 
 This Motion being approved ; Ordered, that the fecrctary do prepare copies of the feveral 
 papers, to be forwarded to the above mentioned gentlemen as foon as poffiblc. 
 
 No. 5. 
 
 Fort William Confultation, ift March 1763. 
 
 A GREEABLY to the order of council, the 22d February, the feveral members now deliver 
 •*^ in their opinions in the queftions therein propofed. 
 
 Ordered, 'I'hey bo here entered in the following manner : ] 
 
 Firft, Mr. Watts is of the opinion in an anfwer to the queftions propofed laft council 
 day ; viz. 
 
 That by the phirmaund and hufbubkookkums the Englifti Eaft India Company have an 
 undoubted right to trade in any articles produced in the Indoftan empire, either for foreign of 
 inland trade, and that duftucks ought to be given with any articles; and that Meer MaiiomeJ 
 Jaffier Ally Cawn, in his treaty, has very particularly confirmed the fame, for tiie provinces 
 under the fubahdarry of Bengal. 
 
 Secondly, That duties ought not to be paid to the country government on fait, beetle nut, 
 tobacco, or any articles that have a duftuck with them. 
 
 Thirdly, That duftutks be granted with fuch articles for the future. 
 
 Fourthly, That no padports or certificates (liould be granted to Company's fcrvants or 
 others ; but that fait hnif a duftuck with it, if the folc prope(ty of a Company's fervant, but 
 not toother Englifti inhabitants. 
 
 I Fifthly,
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 Fifthly, That the Prefident, in his letter to the Nabob, has given up the pri\ ilege which 
 the Company enjoyed by the phirmaund, and therefore he continued in the fame fentiments as 
 in the confultation of the 17th January. 
 
 Sixthly, That fubjefting our Englifli gomaftahs to the country government would entirely 
 prevent us from carrying on our trade, nor is there any neceflity for any regulations in thofe 
 parts where we have an Englifh fadory ; but in the diftant parts of the provinc^-s fomething is 
 neceflary tobe eftabli(hed, as well to prevent our gomaflahs from being guilty of oppreflions to 
 the country people, as to keep the officers of the government from behaving in the manner they 
 have lately done ; that this point can only be fettled between the Nabob and us. 
 
 Mr. Marriott is of opinion. That the Prefident ought to have waited till he could have re- 
 ceived ananfwer from the Boaid, before he wrote the letter to the Nabob, as no paragraph of 
 the Board's letters to the Prefident appear to authorize him to conclude a treaty without their 
 approbation, unlefs their willingnefs to have affairs fettled with the Nabob on a folid bafis, 
 with the fecurity of our rights and privileges, be conftrued in that fenfe, which he does not 
 imagine was the intention of the board. 
 
 7 hat in regard to the treaty itfelf, it differs far from our phirmaund and funwads, granted in 
 confequence of our treaties with Seer Rajah Dowla and Jaffier Ally Cawn, particularly in 
 giving up our right in granting duftucks for the inland trade ; tho' fome few articles may have 
 been denied us trading in by the country government, unlefs we paid duties on them ; notwith- 
 ftanding our honourable maflers ftrongly recommended the being jealous of our phirmaund pri- 
 vileges ; and alfo in fubmitting our gomaftahs and dependants to be under the government's 
 juriididion, and liable on every occafion to be called before their courts, which is greatly dero- 
 gatory to the flnglifh name, and mufl take from us that fway we ought to have in the country, 
 and without which no bufinefs will be able to be carried on ; and will greatly prejudice not 
 only the quality and quantity, but alfo enhance the price of every article of the Company's in- 
 veftment ; that fo far from fubmitting our gomaftahs and dependants to the go\ernment's 
 courts of judicature, our phirmaund exprefsly orders all our dependants that are indebted to us 
 and run away, to be immediately delivered up to us ; and that the governm.ent's people fhould 
 give us all aififtance they can on fuch an occafion, in order to recover our demands. 
 
 That in regard to exchange of money, as we have an undoubted right to coin ficcas from 
 our phirmaund and funwads, we ought to infift on thofe we coin fhould pafs; but to obviate 
 any lofs that might arife by battaon iiccas of a different mint at another place, we fhould get 
 ftamps of the feveral mints where we have occafion to fend money and coin with thofe ftamps 
 accordingly. 
 
 For thefe reafons I entirely diffent to the treaty, the ill confequences of which muff now ap- 
 pear too plain to every one ; it being a dangerous fyftem to truft the government's people with 
 lb oreat power ; their charafler of being rapacious and tyrannical would, I thought, have been 
 well known to everyone: lam further of opinion the laid letter of the Prefident's to the Na- 
 bob fhould be demanded backj or hereafter bad confequences may arife from it. 
 
 In reply to the different articles propofed to the Board, Mr. Marriott is of opinion. That by 
 the phirmaund and fubfequent treaties, we have a right to trade in foreign and inland articles of 
 trade; if a diredl affertion is a fufEcient proof, and not one fingle article of trade prohibited 
 us by the phirmaund, &c. That the government denying us to trade in a few articles, with- 
 out we pay duties on them, is ufurping an authority they formerly were forbid, as by the tenor 
 of the phirmaund it appears that further ufurpation and limiting our trade, were attempted by 
 Aliverdi Khan's miniilers, in refpetSl of paying duties on fugar, and which the Company re- 
 monftrate muchagainft, and dcfire we will take care thefe things may not be brought into a prece- 
 dent ; which fliews the opinion they entertained of thofe encroachments ; and by their I'everal 
 regulations and orders concerning duftucks, it plainly appears they only meant their fervants 
 fhould not lower any black merchants goods, or others that had not the privilege of a duftuck, 
 and by that means defraud the government of the duties they would have otherwife colledled on 
 the faid merchants goods, which in cafe of being dete«£led might have been made a plea for 
 flopping the Company's bufinefs and imbroiling their affairs. 
 
 That in confequence of the government's collefting a duty on fait, which we for the moft 
 part haveacquielced in, a duty fhould be paid them at one place, and a ftated fum fbr each 
 hundred maunds at the rate of the Moore merchants pay, and the fait pafs with the Con-.- 
 pany's duftuck ; more particularly as it is the produce of their own juggere, and the collec- 
 tor of the laid duties receipt for the fame ; after which the boats not to be detained at any gaut 
 or chowkey, further than to give the chovv-keydar time to take a copy of our duftuck ; that as 
 the Company's duftucks have been granted for beetle nut and tobacco they arc articles we fhould 
 not give up, but continue the Company's duftuck for thofe articles accordingly: that our ac- 
 quiefcing in paying duties on fait, ought to be looked upon as a conceflion on our parts ; as 
 the demanding them is certainly an infringement of our phirmaund privileges; but as other fubahs 
 bavereceived them, the Nabob has cuftom to plead for his receiving them alfo; and as we have 
 fupported him in all his ancie^it privileges, w« ought to continue this to bim, that it might not 
 be detrimental to his revenues. 
 
 That
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5, 
 
 That in granting a certificate to Englifti inhabitants trading in fait for what they purchafcj 
 after paying the government's duties, he can perceive no bad confequence attending it, as this 
 trade interferes not with any branch of the Company's ; and therefore thinks tlie Prefident 
 fhould grant them to thofe who are not covenanted fervants. 
 
 That the fubjedting our gomaftahs to the controul of the officers of the country govern- 
 ment muft, he conceives, be attended with the worftof confcquences, as it is giving up one of 
 our phirmaund privileges, which mult make us crteemcd very light in the eyes of the generality 
 of people, and confcquently treated with contempt by them, and be the means of depriving our 
 gomaftahs of the influence neceffary for carrymg on the leaftbufinefs ; thit in order to prevent 
 our gomaftahs from making a bad ufe of their authority, and injuring or diminiftiing the govern- 
 ment's revenues, or interfering the leaft in them, this being one of the chief articles ot com- 
 plaint againft our gomaftahs, they ftiould be again pofitively forbid holding lands, villages, 
 gunges, &c. of the government, and an immediate example made of thofe that difobey, anJ 
 then no other matters of difpute canarife but in thofe of trade ; when the party injured ihould 
 apply for redrefs to the chief of the neareft Englifli faclory, who, no doubt, is invefted with 
 authority fufficient to make the gomallah complained againft, appear and anfwer to the com-' 
 plaint, which if appearing true, and a few fevcrc examples made on the gomaftahs, would, I 
 flatter myfelf, in a fliort time have the deftred efte£t, and no injuftice be committed by Englifli 
 gomaft^ihs in future. 
 
 Mr. Hay's. 
 
 My reafons for joining with other members of the Board, prefent the 17th January, In pafllng 
 the ccnfure on the Prefident, minuted on the Confiiltatioii of that day, are. That by the treaty 
 or written fecurity that the Governor pafffd to the N-ibob, the principal rights ar.d privileges 
 of the Englilh Company, granted them by the King's phirmaund and hufbulhookums from 
 Dilley, confirmed and fully explained by the treaties with Serajah Dowla and Meer Jafficr 
 Cawn, and enjoyed fince thofe treaties almoft in full, are given up in full, without one lingle 
 advantagegaiiied by the Company; but, on the contrary, the total lofs of the Englifli credit 
 and reputation in thefe provinces, which has been greatly declining thefc two years paft, was the 
 vifibie confequence of this agreement, to every one who faw it and were the leaft acquainted 
 with the nature of the country people ; and it now grieves me that the vvifeft regulations, and 
 themoftfteady conduct of this Board, will not be able to prevent the immediate bad efiecls of 
 this ill-concerted and unauthorized proceeding of Mr. Vanfittart, as too pLinly appears from 
 the letters received from the fubordinates, and the general complaints of all our agents and go- 
 maftahs; which ftiew there is almoft every where a flop to our great incumbrances on our 
 bufinefs, and that our fervants are particularly ill-ufed and opprefl'cd. 
 
 In confidering the arguments for and againft the prefent treaty entered into with the Nabob by 
 the Prefident, it is abfolutely necefiary to the forming a true judgment on the afiair, that the 
 unjuft methods uled in the country courts of jufticc, as well as the methods practifed by the 
 country merchants in conducting their affairs, fliould be continually in your mind. 
 
 The impoflibility of carrying on bufinefs when fubjeJted to the country courts, I think muft 
 appear plain to every unc; when it is confidercd, that tor all fums of money recovered in thcni 
 you are obliged to pay, befides the expences of the court, a chout, or 25 per cent, on the money 
 recovered ; which if the Englifli do nut fubmit to pay, it will always be the intereft of the ze- 
 mindars to decide againft thcin ; tliis I only mention as one of the numberkfs grievances we 
 fliould futfer, if fubjccted to their authority ; the country meichants are lenl"iblc of the impofli- 
 bility of carrying on bufinefs under fuch difadvantages, and arc therefore obliged to buy the 
 protection of fome perfon of authority in the government, if their own influence is not fufBci- 
 tnt; which fets them above thcreaih of the lowerjeniadars of the country, proteiSls them from 
 the violence 01 all, and at the fame time gives them a kind of judicial authority, fo far as to 
 confine the weavers ;md pecars when they cannot recover their balajjces from tiiem othtrwile ; 
 this being well underftood, I imagine, was the printij>al icalbn tor the Company's being at (o 
 great an expcnccin piocuiing their phiimaund, and huftjulliookunis ; which exempt the Com- 
 pany from thole inconveniencies, and likewifc of the great care that was taken to prefervc them 
 in their full foice by the treaties with Surajah I^owla and Meer Jaflier Cawn. 
 
 Before I come to confidcr the different articles of the treaty, it is ncceffary to remark. That 
 the Governor's arguing, both in his letters and minutes, in tupport of this traiif litioii, ison 4 
 fuppofition, that the gceateft enormities have been, and are, committed by the Englifli go- 
 maftahs throu"hout tlic country, to the great detriment of the Nabob's revenues and govern- 
 ment ; but tijat this has not been the cafe will, 1 think, plainly appear, from the feveral com- 
 plaints made againft them, being no further lupported tnan by the .ilertion of thole by whom 
 made, and whofe intereft it was to make complaints of that kind, as fome cxcufc for their non- 
 payment of what was demanded of them ; when, if there was any foundation of thefe com- 
 plaints, it was to much in their power, and fo agreeable to the pielent government and to the 
 Prelideiit tliat they fliould be proved, that they could never have wanted means to have done it; 
 and likewifc by the nuniLcrltls oppreftions that our gom.iftahs and people have lufttrtd through- 
 
 «UC
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 oiit the country for many months paft ; for it is not to be conceived, that people treated in the 
 manner they have been, could have it in their power to be guilty of rhofe extravagant violences 
 and enormities which they are rcprefented hate been by Mr. Vanfittart. This much prcmifed, 
 1 Ihall now confider Mr. Vanfittart's written fecurity or obligation to the Nabob, article by 
 article. 
 
 In the firft, Mr. Vanfittart has given up the right which the Company have, by their phir- 
 maund, hufbulhookums, and fubfequent treaties, of granting duftucks, except for fliip mer- 
 chandize ; laid a tax of g per cent, on all other traffick ; and, in a manner, acknowlege that ^ 
 the Englilli do carry on their trade by force or violence, extortion, or unfair dealing. 
 
 I think the Board could never havejuftified themfclves for giving up the Company's privi- 
 leges in this manner ; and of courfe that Mr. Vanfittart, unauthorized as he was to enter into 
 any treaty, could have no right to do it ; but fuppofe it othcrwife. How was it to be determined 
 which were and which were not (hip merchandize ? Mr. Vanfittart indeed, in a fubfequent 
 article, has left that to be determined by thofe whofe intereft it mud be to determine them to be 
 notfo. In the arguments ufed for the tax of 9 per cent, on the trade from one part of the 
 country to another, it is throughout infinuated, that this is lefs than what has been ufualjy 
 paid; and Mr. Vanfittart fays. That on all the trade of this kind that he has carried on in 
 fait, &c. he has paid the country duties ; but from my own knowledge, as well as enquiry, I 
 have reafon to thir.k, that of the innumerable articles traded in in this way, only fait and 
 tobacco have paid any, the former of which, by far the moft confidcrable, I believe laft year 
 on a medium did not pay above 3 per cent, although we fabmitted to pay the eftablifhed coun- 
 try duties. Mr. Vanfittart, on being aflced in council laft Tuefday, What thofe were that he 
 meant by fait, &c. ? replied. Only fait, for that he never traded in any other. How ill then is 
 his argument fupported by his declaration, when explained ! On the whole, I believe we are 
 by thi^ article, inftead of trading duty free, which I think we have an undoubted right to, 
 loaded with a duty more than double what is paid by the Dutch, Armenians, or any people of 
 the country. 
 
 Theacknowlsging thus, in a public writing, that the Englifh do carry on their trade by 
 force or violence, extortion or unfair dealing, as I imagine without any foundation for fuch 
 aflertion, is fo hurtful to the reputation of the Englifti in this country, that I look on it in the 
 fame light that I do the giving up the privilegesof the phirmaund. 
 
 By the fecond article, contrary to the privileges that the Englifh enjoy by grants and treaties, 
 themfclves and gomaftahs are fubjeft to the jurisdidtion of the mcanell officer that the Nabob 
 employs, without the liberty of an appeal. 
 
 1 find fo many objedions, of the fame nature as were made to the laft, to be made to this, 
 and every article of this treaty, that I fhall only remark on the whole of the remaining articles. 
 That by being debarred the liberty of making fait, we are deprived of a privilege that every 
 perfon, Europeans and others, in the country have, but ourfelvcs. 
 
 That the giving up the right of coining in the different mints is overfettinga privilege granted 
 from Delhy. 
 
 That the throwing the whole trade of AfTam and Rangamally into the hands of one perfon is 
 a monopoly moft dcftruftive to trade, and more particularly if what Mr. Vanfittart advances 
 be juft, that the duty on cotton alone in that country brings in a revenue of 40,000 rupees, 
 ■which if you fuppofed at 5 per cent, muft be raifed on 800,000 rupees worth, which if thusi 
 monopolized muft ^reatly raife the price of that article, and of courfe the price of cloth. 
 
 Upon the whole, I think the written fecurity fhould be demanded of the Nabob, and de- 
 flroyed, to prevent, in future times, when our affairs may not be in the flourifhing fituation they 
 are atprefent in Bengal, in regard to force, a bad ufe being made of it ; for it is probable that 
 the government would, in cafe of having the upper hand in the country, make ufe of it to 
 invalidate the privileges the Englifh enjoy by their phirmaund, hufbulhookums, and treaties. 
 
 In anfwer to queftion the firft I fay — Yes. 
 
 To queftion the fecond^-No. 
 
 To queftion the third — Yes. 
 
 To queftion the fourth- — That certificates fhould be given after the duties are paid. 
 
 To queftion the fifth — Not at all. 
 
 To anfwer to queftion the fixth I fay as formerly. Agreeable to the phirmaund : but that a 
 plan be laid down by the board to prevent any injuries being done by the Englifh gomaftahs, 
 and for punifhing thofe that arc guilty ; which I think may be well done by a Committee ap- 
 pointed for that purpofe, who fiiould receive all complaints and appeals from fubord mates or 
 agents refiding with authority of the board in thofe quarters, and examine them ; and as it ap- 
 pears that great part, if not the whole, of the troubles that have happened to the Englifli and 
 their "omaftahs of late, are owing to the orders fent over the country bv the Nabob, 1 think 
 it higtily neccfiarythat we have always a fcnior fervant rcfiJont with the Nabob, who fhould be 
 acquainted with all orders regarding the Englifh ; this I think we hive a right to demand, and 
 is what we fhould infift on, as it will in future prevent our fo long being ignorant of the fource 
 of our troubles as we have lately been. 
 
 Mr.
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 Mr. Johnftone thinks the Prefidcnt's letter to the Nabob, containing the new regulations he 
 intended to eftablifli, is, from its abjcd ftile, as well as concellions, highly diflionourable to us, 
 and fuch as could not fail of ruining our trade and influence, and reducing us lower than ever 
 the Englifh were at any period in this country ; that the Prefidcnt, without authority, or any 
 urgent ncceflity that yet appears, or can be conceived, refigned to the Nabob thofe rights and 
 privileges wc are entitled to by the phirmaund, and fubfcqucnt treaties, and have hitherto en- 
 joyed by virtue of them : l irft, by diftinguiihing the Company's trade from that of their fervants, 
 and agreeing to an exorbitant duty of nine per cent, on all articles of the inland trade, without 
 diftinction, or examination of what had ufually been paid on any of thcfc articles at the different 
 fubordinates ; eftablifhing the rate upon that paid by the gentlemen of Lukypore, thouch ex- 
 preftly mentioned by them to be more than what was paid at Dacca, and known to be^bove 
 double the duty paid heretofore at Hughley, and though fait v.'as the only article in his own 
 private inland trade that the Prefident remembers to have ever paid any duty on or before this 
 time : Secondly, in lubjeding the Englifti, and their gomaftahs, under the authority of the 
 Moores courts of judicature, contrary to the privileges we have ever enjoyed of pro- 
 tecting thofe employed under us, and ourfelves judges of their adions ; the many ill confe- 
 quences of which, and the entire lo!"s of that credit and pre-eminence we have ever maintained, is 
 evident to every body, of which wc have had ample proof, fiiice the circulation of the regulations, 
 as appears from the complaints of every quarter of the abufe of the power fo cafily put into 
 their ban 's, by the Itoppage of our trade and attacks openly made on thofe entitled to our pro- 
 tcclion : Thirdly, the prohibiting at once, witl.out rcafon, or ever confuhing the Board, the 
 Company's f.rvants, at the factories at Luckyporc, Iflamabad, &c. from making fait works 
 themfelves, which is a liberty not denied to any native of the country, and by which their 
 fortunes have been and are endangered, as no time was allowed for collcdting in the money they 
 had laid out, and the balance due cculd only be recovered by receiving the fait from the Molon- 
 gies they had employed. 
 
 The articles ordering, without any limitation, that all purchafcs of lands mad; by any of the 
 fervants of our factories Ihould be rtfigncd, was, 1 think, unjuftand dilhonourable to us, as if 
 our fervants, where they paid the due demands to the government, were not intitleJ to our 
 protection. 
 
 The article direding, that the chiefs and fervants of the fadories are not to hinder the wea- 
 vers and brokers of the government, has been confidercd as giving a full power to the Nabob's 
 cfiltcrs over them people, and may turn to the ruin of the Company's inveltment, as appeals by 
 the proceedings of Mahomed Aly at the Dacca aurungs. 
 
 The foregoing the privilege we had of coining in the mints of Patna and Dacca, while no 
 provifion was made for the currency of our ficcas at thofe places, without difcount, was giving 
 lip what the Compiiny could demand of right : And, 
 
 Ordering all purchafcs at Gualparah to be made intirely through the Nabob's orogan, was an 
 infringement of our rights of a free trade in that quarter, and againft the treatv with 
 Jaffier Ally Khawn, by which we are freed from being even obliged to buy by the intervention 
 of delolls. 
 
 The minute of the Board the 17th January, on the proceedings of the Prefident, therefore to 
 me appears well grounded; and 1 think the treaty ought to be recovered from the Nabob, and 
 deftroycd, that fo bad a precedent may never be eflablifhed nnd uf.d againft us. 
 
 Next, in regard to the queft'ons propofed, he thinks firft, that by virtue rf the phirmand, 
 hufbulhookums, and the treaties with Serajah Dowla and Meer Jafher Ali Khan, 1 think the 
 Company and their fervants have a right, v.'ithout any reftridion or limitation, to trisde in ai.d 
 grant duftucks for every article, whether for foreign or inland trade : our having been rcftrictcd 
 by the power of the Subahs, before the revolution, from the full enjoyment of thcfe rights, 
 can never be urged as a good argument to invalidate them ; when v.c became powerful enough 
 to afi'ert ibem, they wereeftablifhcd as fully and clearly as could be cxpreffed in the public treaties 
 then concluded, and in funnuds and cuftuchs, afterwards iflued in confequence, by Scraja 
 Dowla and Jaffier Aly Khan, for the uninterrupted cu.rency of our trade, through the indif- 
 putablc authority of the duftuck, wherever it was granted ; and thefe funnuds were not meicly 
 for fuch quarters where the Company had faiRones and .lurungs, but comprehended alfo all 
 the dift.int frontier provinces, where thiy had not the Icaft trade of any kind, as Ruiigpore, 
 Purnea, Rangamatty, Danagepror, Syllet, &.'c. And Jafiicr Ally Khan yet agrees, that fe un- 
 d<rftood the treaty in this fenfc; that wherever a Company's duftuck was granted, no duty 
 could ever be demanded. If cuftom, and v.hat privileges we enjoyed under the iVI cores govern- 
 ment before the revolution, are to be cftablilhcd, as what only we have a right to trade in now 
 by virtue of our grants, phirmaun, &c. theie is fcarce an article of the gruft" trade, whether 
 for export or confumption, in Calcutta and e.ther places in the kingdom, but we m.uft give up j 
 for it is known we could not profcflcdly in our names trade in thofe articles, though wilfng to 
 pay the duties and arbitrary cxadions required on (uch occalions ; theic various oilier articles of 
 gruff arc no more particularized or expected in any treaty or phirmaund, &c. than the two 
 articles of fait and tobacco, and have been ever fmce the treaty with Serajah Dowla carried on 
 with the Company's diiftuck. 
 
 That wc have acquicfced in paying duty on the fmgle article of fait, and pafling it with th^ 
 
 IC lhaubui)d..(&
 
 A P P E N D I X No. 5- 
 
 fliaubundars ruanna, at Calcutta, Dacca, and Luckypore, fliould not now I think weigh 
 with us to continue it, when our rights are called in queftion, and we are bound to fupport 
 them in their full extent ; above all, as this article is the produce of the Company's own 
 lands, of Calcutta, Purgunnas, Chittagong, Midnapore, Jallafore, and Burdwan, and as it 
 makes a confiderable branch of their revenue, ought as much as poflible to beprotedted and en- 
 couraged, inftead of being opprefled with new taxes, exceeding above double what has yet 
 paid ; as for the article of tobacco, no duituck from the government has ever been taken, and* 
 the duty paid on it has never been demanded till after its arrival at Dacca ; and at Coflimbuzar 
 the Company's duftucks have been always granted, and never difputed for this article. 
 
 2d. I think therefore that the government have no right to demand that or any other duties, 
 where the duftuck is granted, and that it fliould be now granted on fait and tobacco, as it has 
 been hithertoforc for beetle nut, rice, ghee, opium, fugar, &c. articles confumed in the country 
 as well as exported. 
 
 3d. Thofe European inhabitants, who by the Company's diredtions arenotintitled to duftucks, 
 fhould not be freed from paying the duties ; yet when thefe are difcharged fortheeafe of traiie, 
 I think a paffport or certificate from the Prefident might accompany the ruanna of the buxfti- 
 bundar. 
 
 4th. The Englifligomaftahs in any part of the three provinces fliould be fubjefl: in no manner 
 to the jurifdidtion of the country government; they are not in my opinion, mo: e than their prin- 
 cipals, to be accountable to them ; I believe they never were ; and no flep could pofiibly have 
 been taken more furely to ruin our trade, influence, and refpeit in the country, than acknovv- 
 leging them our abfulute mafters and judges ; the Company have ever been protected, iheir 
 gomaftahs and thofc of their fervants ; while we have fubordinate factories, and a fixed go- 
 vernment here, juflice may always be had, when complaints are well grounded, and can be 
 proved by the government's dependants ; nor need we be ftartled with thefe laid before us, but 
 from the fubject, exaggeration, and groundlefsnefs of moft of them, conceive what a ftate of 
 wretched dependance we fliould fall into, were we liable to be called upon every fuch like abfuid 
 complaint preferred to the country government. In thofe more diftant quarters, where the 
 Company have not fadtories, the trade is generally managed by gentlemen who have had the ap- 
 probation of the Board to go up the country, and given fecurity for their good behaviour; they 
 may be prefumed more to be depended on for determining equitably any dilputes about points of 
 trade, which is all they fhould or need have any connexion with them, any Zemindary 
 Court; an appeal might neverthelefs always lie from them to the neareft fubordinate; 
 and when fuch perfons are publicly known in thofe quarters, as under the protcdlion, and 
 afting with the permifiion and authority of the Board, to whom they are to be accountable, 
 they may, without any new regulation or innovation, carry on their trade to the fatisfadtion of 
 the people, and without any detriment to, or interfering with, the collec1:ion of the revenues. 
 
 Mr. Haftings. 
 
 My name already appearing to the letter propofmg the reguLations which form the fubftance 
 of the Prefident's letter to the Nabob, it will hardly be expected of me to join in the hnrfli and 
 unmerited cenfure paft upon them by the members which then formed the Board : I at that time 
 ret^arded thefe regulations, not as a conceiEon of any new rights to the Nabob, but a confirma- 
 tion of thofe which he held by the treaties in force ; nor has any thing appeared fince to make 
 me change that opinion. 
 
 My fentiments upon the extent of our duftuck, and the privilege of our gomaftahs, I fliall 
 fully hereafter, obferving only in this place, that the fettling the dutieson the inland trade at 9 per 
 cent, the Governor only fixed the trade, which was before variably levied, with continual dif- 
 putes, to the great detriment of the fair trader ; and in this he adled in ftridl conformity to the 
 plain and literal inftruclions of the Board, whatever fenfe they were intended to convey. 
 
 The Prefident has fo fully explained the motives and rcafons for this tranfadtion, that it is 
 needlefs for me to take up the time of the Board with a repetition of them : upon the whole, I 
 declare it as my opinion, that the regulations in queftion were calculated in the beft manner to 
 our trade upon a proper footing, to diftinguifli our right from thofe of the Nabob, to prefcrve 
 the Englifti name from reproach, and the affairs of the Company from fufFering by continual 
 difputesand contentions in which they had no concern. 
 
 To underftand the meaning of any treaty, where the expreflions are doubtful or de- 
 fedtive, recourfe fhould be had to the circumftaiices of the parties concerned, at the time 
 in which they were made ; regarding the firmaun in this light, we fhall make no fcruple to pro- 
 nounce, that the Company could not, where they obtained that grant from the court of Delhce, 
 underftand it to extend beyond their own trade, or include privileges of which they could not 
 make any ufc ; and which, I may add, they never dreamt of. 
 
 The commerce in imports and exports ever bounded, as of neceflity it muft, their concerns 
 in this country, for the encouragement of a trade beneficial to the country and its revenues; 
 the court, at that time in its moll flourifliing ftate, and fupported by wife and able niinifters, 
 indulged the Company with the freedom which they petitioned for from duties; then the trade» 
 in fuch commodities as v/ere produced and fold in the country, was intircly confined to the 
 natives ; they were either farmed out where they v/ere confiderable enough to make an article in 
 the public revenues, or circulated through the province by the poorer fort of people, to whom, 
 
 whilft
 
 APPENDIX, No. ^. 
 
 whilft they afForJeJ a fubfiftence, they at the fame time added to the income of the ftate by the 
 duties gathered upon them : let us fuppofc the Company's agents had petitioned for the liberty 
 of trading in thefe articles without paying duties ; can it be conceived that the government 
 could have been fo blind to its own intercll as to have given a privilege to flrangers which 
 would have enabled them to monopolize the whole trade of the country, to impoverifh the 
 natural fubjeds, and exhaufl the country of its wealth, without making any adequate return for 
 it? The privileges therefore claimed by the Company, and allowed by the government, were 
 originally defigned by both for fuch a trade only as was carried on by the former, that is, in 
 goods brought into the country, orpurchafed in it for exportation; inefteil, it was ever limited 
 to that ; nor canit be proved that the duftuclc was ever allowed to pafs for any other, from the 
 firft engagement of this grant until the death of the Seraja Dowla: the Company, in their 
 flanding orders before that time, prohibited their fervants from meddling with what we now 
 term the Inland Trade, and name it illicit ; nor can any difference of power convey to us a right 
 from former treaties, which we confefTedly wanted before, though fince the relloration of the 
 Company's privileges we have by degrees dealt in the inland trade, yet it was always with a tacit 
 acknowlegement of the invalidity of our duftuck for that trade, having generally paid the go- 
 vernment a duty thereon ; and where it was attempted without, it has conftatitly been the fub- 
 ject of comph'.iats and oppofition on the part of the Nabob's officers. I am well aware of the 
 objeflion which I have frequently heard repeated in the courfe of the debates upon this fubject, 
 and whic'.i it may be proper in tliis place to reply to ; I mean. That we fliould not be too ri- 
 gorous in calling in qucftion our own privileges ; but where the fenfe of a treaty is not uifficiently 
 clear, interpret it in fuch manner as may tend to our own advantage, leaving it to others to 
 difputeit; and that therefore, as the firmaun gives us a general right to trade duty free, with- 
 out mentioning any exceptions, we fhould infift on a free trade in every thing, without excep- 
 tion. Without examining this principk-, I fhall only fay, that if it be juft at all, it can only be 
 lb where the points contefted for are of real importance ; but where they are eitlier trivial in 
 themfelvcs, or have a pernicious tendency, it muft be an abfurdity to infift upon them. — I muft 
 beg leave for the {\ii\: time to diftinguifh between the intcreft of the Company and that of indivi- 
 tjiinls, which I am afraid have been too much confounded in thefe debates; that the Company 
 will not fufFcr by a reftricSion of the duftuck to foreign merchandize is manifeft, fince, with 
 that rcftriciion, it will anfwer every purpofc for which they want it. Btfides, the odium which 
 ?. monopoly fo injurious to the natural rights of the country merchants muft unavoidably cafi: 
 xipeii the Englifli name, and the perpetual jcaloufics which, from experience, we know it to 
 ts attended with, prove that this privilege is in efFed highly prejudicial to the real intercft as 
 well as honour to the Company. As they have been pleafed to permit us to {hare with them the 
 benefit of the duftuck, we may furely content ourfelves with the enjoyment of that privilege 
 within the fame bpunds to which they have limited themfelves. To attempt to extend it be- 
 yond that, and, for the fake of our own private advantage, to make this a point of conteft 
 with the power in alliance with the Company, is both a violation of juftice and a brea.h of the 
 duty which we owe to our employers. 
 
 My opinion then, upon the three firft queftions before us, is, firft, That we can claim no 
 right from the phirmaun, nor, of courfe, the fubfequent treaties, which were but intended as 
 copies of that ; in the articles regarding our commerce, to an exemption from duties on imy 
 but foreign trade ; that is, in goods imported or carried out of the country. Secondly, Tliat 
 duties ought to be paid to the country government on fait, beetle-nut, and other articles, which 
 are produced and fold in the country. And, thirdly. That of courfe the duftuck ought not to 
 be given for thofe articles, but that they pafs with a rowana or certificate irom the ofHters of the 
 cuftoms, in the fame manner with the goods belonging to other merchants. Tlie tourth article 
 1 deem altogether unnccefliiry, whether we trade in Talt with the Company's duftuck, or, as 
 other merchants, without them, the duftuck being a fuflicient diftindtion in the fiift cafe, and 
 the latter requiring none. 
 
 My opinion upon the fifth qucftion is, That the Englifli gomaftahs, in every part of the 
 three provinces, whether in the di(trii5ls of tlie Nabob or of the Company, fliatl be lubje£t to 
 the magiftrate ; butv/ith this diftin(5lion to be obferved between private gomaftahs and thofe of 
 the Company, tliat the former ftiall be equally accountable to the magiftrate, fur any mifde- 
 mcanor, with any one of the Nabob's fubjecfs that fhall at any timerelide in the territory of the 
 Company, nor enjoy any advantages above other merchants, but fuch only as the firmaun gives 
 them, viz. that their goods fhall pafs duty free wherever they have the prote£lion of the duftuck ; 
 the magiftrate fhall not oppofe, but affift them, in the recovery of their juft debts, nor fuller 
 anyone to injure or opprcfs them ; but, as the Company's gomaftahs have a weightier charge, 
 and are none of them iituated at fuch a diftancc from the Company's factories, but that com- 
 plaints againft them may be both eafily heard and fpeedily redrefted, it fhould be only permitted 
 to the magiftrate to oppofe them in the actual commiflion of any violence, or the aflur.iption of 
 any right not belonging to them; but in any difputes witli their immediate dependant;-, luch as 
 the weavers, pykers, or delolls in their ferviije, he fhall not interfere, otherwile than by aflift- 
 ing them in carrying th.eir complaints to tlie prefidency, or tlie factories to which the gomallahs 
 belong, forredrefs ; but the gomailah fhall not therefore protect his own dependants from any 
 lawful claims of the jrovcrnment, nortlieir ncrfons from iuftice in any criminal cafes. 
 
 This
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 This to me appears the only equitable method for preventing any mifbehaviour in our peo- 
 ple, or difputes between them and the Nabobs. If the magiftrate at any time fhould abufe his 
 authority, the Nabob fliould be required, upon proof, to difmifs him from his office, or inflift 
 any other punifliment fuitable to the degree of the offence. If this juftice, fo eflential to the 
 Nabob's own intereft and the tranquillity of the country, be refufed, or from the diftanceof his 
 refidence cannot be timely obtained, we have always the means in our power, when fuch ex- 
 traordinary occafions may demand it, to vindicate our right, and call the infringers of it to 
 juftice. 
 
 From the peculiarity of the times, and a natural propenfity in the weaker part of mankind to 
 run from one extreme to another, it has unfortunately happened, that the power fuddenly placed 
 in the hands of the Nabob's officers, for the protection of his people, has been fo extrava- 
 gantly abufed, as to give occafion to a perfuafion in many, that no power can with fafety be 
 trufted in their hands. As I have formerly lived amongft the country people, in a very inferior 
 Itation, and at a time when we werefubjeft to the moft flavifti dependence in the government, 
 and met with the greateft indulgence, and even refpeit, from the zemindars and offi-ers of the 
 government, I can with the greateft confidence deny the juftice of this opinion ; and add fur- 
 ther, from repeated experience, that if our people, inftead of eredting themfL-lves into lords, 
 and oppreflbrs of the country, confine themfelvcs to an honeft and fair trade, and fubmit them- 
 felvcs to the lawful authority of the government, they will be every where courted and refpeded, 
 and the Engli(h name, inftead of becoming a reproach, will be univerfally revered ; the country 
 Will reap a benefit from our commerce ; and the power of the Enwlifli, inftead of being made 
 a bugbear to frighten the poor inhabitants into a fubmiffion to injury and oppreffion, will be 
 regarded by them as the greateft bleffing and protection. 
 
 It is as impoffible for any ftate to fubfift with a divided power as with none. Our fervants 
 are as likely, at leaft, to make an ill ufe of their power as the Nabob's are, but are not fo 
 ealily to be reftramcd. In whofe hands, therefore, can it he fo properly lodged as in thofe of 
 the government, to whom it belongs ? To take from them that right, aright which we Ihould 
 never fufi'er to becontefted in our own diftrids, will be to introduce oppreffion, rapine, and 
 anarchy, into the country which we are engaged to protect ; and whatever temporary advan- 
 tage individuals may gain from fuch a fcene" of troubles, the affairs of the Company muft 
 infallibly fuffer by it, if not be involved in one common ruin with the country. That this 
 confequence may not appear too forcibly drawn, permit me to add, it has been obferved, that 
 the wifeft and moft permanent ftates ha\e ever left to conquered nations the exercife of their 
 own laws, and by tliat means ir:fured their fubjedtion. The power which we have acquired in 
 thefe provinces has reduced them into a condition as nearly reiembling a conqucft as it is for 
 our own intereft to wiih it ; but if we take fo ungenerous, as well as impolitic, advantage of 
 their weaknefs, as to put it in the power of every Banyan who calls himfelf an Englifti fervant, 
 to tyrannize over the inhabitants without contriml, this is not only to deprive them of their 
 own laws, but to deny them even of the benefit of any. 
 
 Mr, Carrier gives it as his opinion, that the Prefident's letter to the Nabob was in every re- 
 fpedt improper, and naturally intended, from the conceffions contained therein, to bring upon 
 the Englilh name dii'credit and real difgrace; the late violences, as well as infolencies, com- 
 mitted by the natives, are a certain argument of its impropriety, and which were clearly fore- 
 feen the very inftant the faid letter was made public ; that the hope given them of being confti- 
 tutcd judges and arbitrators of all difputes that might happen in the intercourfe of our bufi efs, 
 gave caufe to the many inconveniences and tyranny that we have lately fuffered, and do fuffer : 
 thefubjedting us to fuch a controul would have effectually dellroyed our influence and reputa- 
 tion in the country, and would unavoidably have led us, from the manifold oppreffions we 
 muft have fell under by fuch regulations taking place, to the neceffity of taking up arms for 
 the redrefsof thofe grievances every member of this colony muft have felt by fo arbitrary a jurif- 
 didlion : as it is, the evil has fpread wide, and has acquired fuch ftreng'ih, that no other me- 
 thods, I doubt, but forcible ones, will be able to remove it; that he can't think the members 
 of the Board ^;ave, or intended giving, a diredt coni'ent to the Prefident's entering into a tre:'.ty 
 with the Nabob on points fo very intereftmg to our privileges, or did they imagine fuch a ftep 
 was any ways necelfary ; but what he thinks moft condcmnable is, that the faid regulations, 
 previous to the approbation or difapprobation of the Board, were made known to the Nabob, 
 and the fame ordered by him to his different officers, to be carried into execution, before fuch 
 agreement could have the concurrence of the feveral members of the Council: he is like wife 
 of opinion, that the (aid regulations, and the faid letter to the Nabob, were in no rcfpcft 
 agreeable to the tenor and fpirit of our phirmaund, and the fubfequent treaties entered with the 
 Nabob Serajahl Dowlah and Meer Jaffier, but would have been the means of coiifiiiinj; our 
 privileges into much narrower bounds than the grants and treaties are intended to rellrain 
 us in. 
 
 Kirft, On the true extent and meaning of the phirmaun, and all fubfequcnt treaties, Mr. 
 Cartier thinks, that by the privileges inverted in us by our phirmaund, hufbullhookiirrs, and 
 our late treaties, that trade is under no limitation whatever, either in foreign or inland com- 
 modities ; that the want formerly of power to affert the immunities of the phirmaund, cannor, 
 as he imagines, beconftrued to an abfolute and entire deprivation of them ; this reafon now no 
 
 longer 
 
 1
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 longer cxifting, we ought to exert our privileges to thtir fulleft intent and latitude, nor fubmit 
 to the capricious conduiSl and encroaching behaviour of the country government. 
 
 Thirdly, On the trade on i.ilt and tobacco, he can have no objcftion to the payment of an 
 equitable duty, more particularly as we have hitherto, both at the prefidency and the fa(5tories 
 of Dacca and Luckypore, fubmitted to pay on one or both of thofe articles; but let that be 
 fixed at a medium of what has been paid at the ditferent fettlements, and furthermore to becon- 
 fidered as a conceflion made the Nabob, and not claimed as a right paid as a thing which cuftom 
 has cftablilhed, and not to be confirmed by any treaty. 
 
 fourthly. It is allowed that the trade in fait and tobacco is in every refpeft agreeable to our 
 phirmaund privileges : he fees no reafon why a duftuck (hould not be granted for thofe articles 
 as well as for all others ; tho' at the fame time, as a duty may probably be laid on thofe two 
 articles, they (hould be accompanied with the buxbundar, or the fhawbundur's receipt, to 
 afcertain that the full duties have been paid, and that nothing further is to be demanded on any 
 account. 
 
 Fifthly, As certificntcs have been granted indifcriminately to the Company's fervants, as well 
 as to the inhabitants of Calcutta, he thinks the fame (hauid he continued to the latter, on their 
 application to the Prefident, on producing the buxbunder's receipt for duties paid ; tho' at the 
 fame time the duty ftipulated and agreed upon to be levied on thcfe branches of trade, the pro- 
 perties of Company's fervanls, {hould ferve as no regulations for what may be demanded from 
 them. ' 
 
 Sixthly, The nature of the government in every part of Indoftan being in all refpefts op- 
 preflive and venal, and the decilion of all caufes depending more on the ability of the parties 
 engaged in bribing their judges than the legality of them, it can fcarcely be thought even equi- 
 table, that the fervants and gomailahs in our employ fliould, on any complaint or mifdemeanor, 
 be fubjeiS to tlicir dcterminatitm. It is likcwife a known truth, that in every difpute concern- 
 ing property and money matters, a fourth part i? appropriated for the fervxe ot the govern- 
 tnent and ofhces : this probably might not be infifted upon from us, tho' its not being (o would 
 in all likelihood be rather prejudicial than the contrary, as the other party might be fubjedted 
 10 the eftablifhcd cudom of the country, which, if fo, it muft appear to every one what a fu- 
 perior influence would be acquired on that fide ; but even independant of this cuftom, and 
 fhould it not be expeckd or demanded from either party, yet the integrity of our propofed 
 judges is fo little allowed of, that it would be the higheft abfurdity to expcift it, or even to 
 fubmit in their having the leaft: power or authority over our people : fhould this be even per- 
 mitted, it will not be prefumption to declare that we may then begin to date the commencement 
 of our declining influence in the country, and would moft certainly be produ<£live of continual 
 broils (iiould we have fpirit fuflficiently remaining to refcnt the injufticeand indignities we muft 
 in fuch fituation bccxpofcd to. 
 
 Sixtnly, Tho' he thinks it improper to allow the officers of the government any kind of con- 
 troul over our gomaftahs, yet he is far from wifhing their aftions fhould be uncontroulable : 
 let the perfon injured, if not in our employ, lay his complaint before the magiftrate ot the di- 
 ftrid he is in, to be by him forwarded with the complaint to the Prefident, or Chiefs and Coun- 
 cil, of the different factories as be moft near the diftrift where the complaint comes from ; 
 wh-n the gomaft.ih fo complained againft fhall be ordered down to juftify himfclf as to the 
 accufation lodged againft him : fliould complaints arife in parts diftant from either the prefi- 
 dency or the factories, he thinks a confidence might be rcpore<l in the gentlemen employed as 
 our Barents in thofe parts, as they are men of chara£ler, and their appointments been approved 
 by the members of the Board, and eich depended upon to fettle the complaints brought againft 
 their own gomaftahs : (hould this not be approved, he can only propofe the method pointed out 
 as to .the determination of thofe difputes that may happen in the neighbourhood of the dif- 
 ferent fettleincnts, or by an aumecn, properly authorizx-d to make an enquiry into them. It Is 
 nectlTary we fliould become our own judges in all difputes in which we may poffibly be con- 
 cerned ; moft true it is, it has not the moft equitable appearance ; but every gentleman muft 
 beconvinvcd how highly eflential fuch a privilege is for the fupporting our influence, and avoid- 
 in'^ chicanery and perplexities of a Moorifh court ; and he can't help thinking, but a power 
 fo'lodged in our hands is liable to lefs abufes, and will be exercifed with the ftridteft imparti- 
 ality, "notwithftanding we may in fome refpedfs be interefted in the dccifion of the caufe. 
 
 Mr, Billeri's. 
 The firft part of the Prerident's letter to the Nabob contains the agreement for our paying a 
 duty of 9 per cert, on ail articles for inland trade; the phirmaund, and fubfe'.]uent treaties, 
 arc certainly the only guides that can enable us to form a proper judgment on this fubjcifl ; and 
 havinggiven the grcatcft attention to them, when read at the board laft council day, I think 
 they give us an undoubted rigiit to trade, duty free, in all commodities whatever, cither for 
 foreion or inland tr.ide, upon the conlideration of our paying annually the piftiufk therein 
 fiipulated in lieu thereof. Tlicfe being my ftntimcnts of the meaning of the phirmaund, &c. 
 it follows ofcourfe that I muft difapprove of the Prefidcnt's entering into an agreement which 
 fo evidently deprives us of one of tlie grcatcft advantages «vc havr yarned thereby, and partini- 
 
 L larl/
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 larly of his having done it on the bare fuppofition that it would be approved by the other mem- 
 bers of the board ; however, as the Nabob's revenues would fufFer, were we to carry on our 
 commerce of every kind without paying any duties, I think it would be proper that fome rea- 
 fonable confideration fliould be made him for the privilege of the inland trade; but that he 
 fhould at the fame time be made fenfible that he is by no means intitled thereto, and that it is 
 entirely a mark of favour. 
 
 With regard to the regulations the Prefident has laid down for the determination of all dif- 
 putes which may happen between our agents or gomaftahs and the country inhabitants, it is 
 well known that thofe people cannot confine themfelves within the limits of the authority 
 with which they are inverted. The many daring infolencies and oppreflions which have been 
 committed by the Nabob's officers, ever fince his orders for enforcing thole regulations wcie 
 firft iffued, are evident proofs of the truth of this obfervation, and fufficiently point out the 
 impropriety of them, without the ufe of further arguments. Upon the whole, I think the 
 Prefident might be defired to recall this letter, leaft, by falling into the hands of any of the 
 Nabob's fucceflbrs, it might hereafter be ufed by them as a plea for the fame purpofe for which 
 it was now defigned. 
 
 I have already declared my opinion of the firft query propofed, in giving my fentiments 
 on that part of the Prefident's letter which related to the 9 per cent, duty ; with regard to tlie 
 fecond and third, I think the Company's duftuck fliould be always granted equally for the in- 
 land, as well as the foreign, trade, when it has been fettled whether we fliall pay any and 
 what duty, as it will cfFedually cut off all fubjed ofdifpute, by putting it out of the power of 
 the officers to make any objeftion to the paffage of the goods ; and that none but Company's 
 fervants fliould have the Prefident's paffport for the fait which may have paid the government's 
 duty at Hughley. 
 
 As to any dilputes which may happen between our gomaftahs or agents and the people of the 
 country, I think the only fcheme for the determination of them will be to oblige the perfon who 
 may think himfclf aggrieved to apply for redrefs to the nearcft factory, whatever diftance may 
 be from the place where the difpute happened, and if he is not content with their decifion he 
 may appeal to the Governor and Council. 
 
 Wm. Billers. 
 
 Mr. Batfon thinks the Prefident's letter to the Nabob detrimental to the intercft of the 
 and the nation in general ; becaufc, by a forced and groundlefs explanation, 
 it invalidates the privileges granted by the King's phirmaun, and fundry hufbullhookums, and 
 confirmed by the treaties with Serajah Dowlah and Alesr Jaffier ; fuch an explanation coming 
 from the chief of the Englifti may give great advantage to Nabobs, and to other European 
 nations anainft us, in future negociatioiis which we may happen to have with them. By this 
 letter alfo, the advantage of coining in the mints of Patna and Dacca is given up, at the fame 
 time the Calcutta mint rendered of little or no fervice ; for by our being prohibited from uling 
 any authority over the flirofs, the currency of rupees coined at Calcutta will be flopped in moft 
 parts of the country ; and this is adualiy the cafe at prefent at Coflimbuzar and Murftieda- 
 bad : he was much furprized to fee thofe advantages, which were fo ftrenuouny contended for 
 many years together, given up without any public confideration : he thinks alfo the faid letter 
 tends to deftroy the national influence in this country, and to bring us into contempt ; becaufe 
 the form of addrefs, and feveral expreffions, are unbecoming, fubmilTivc, and condefcending ; 
 but chiefly, becaufe it fubmits the Englifli agents, not excepting the Company's factories, to 
 the jurifdidion of the Nabob's officers, which would immediately put a ftop to great part of 
 the private trade, and would furnifti the Nabob with continual pretences for fubjecting the 
 Company to the fame oppreftions whii.h they underwent before the rupture with Serajah Dow- 
 lah, whenever he fhould think himfelf in a condition to proceed to fuch lengths ; he therefore 
 thinks we fliould infift on the Nabob's fending back the faid original letter. 
 In anfwcr to queftion the ift. 
 
 He thinks by the phirmaund, huftDullhookums and fubfequent treaties, the Company, and 
 under them their fervants, have a clear right to trade in every article, whether for foreign or 
 inland trade, which is right, it is our duty to preferve entire and iidifputed ; and tiiat the 
 arguments ufed by the gentlemen on the other fide of the queftion, to prove the contrary, do 
 really prove no more than that former Nabobs had the power and means of hindering us from 
 enjoying the King's grant in its full extent. 
 In anfwer to queftion the 2d, 
 
 He thinks we fliould acquicfce in paying the fame duty on fait and tobacco that have been 
 paid fince Meet Jaffier's coming to the fubah, but that the fame flioulJ not be agreed to by any 
 public deed or writing ; and heie he thinks proper to remark, that the fait trade being formerly 
 farmed by Coja Wazeed for an inconfiderable fnm, could be no great advantage to the Nabob's 
 revenue; and by means of the monopoly he allowed themahers and dealers at the firft hand, 
 a very fmall price, from 25 to 30 rupees per 100 maunds ; but fince the Englifli hive had a 
 part of this trade, the price of fait has rifen to 70 or 80 rupees per 100 maunds at the 
 aurungs ; from hence any perfon acquainted with the country muft fee, that from the Englifli 
 
 tradins
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 trading in this article the Nabob has received benefit, notfuffcredlofs j his complaints on this 
 head therefore proceed not from any real grievance. 
 In anfwer to qucftion the 3d and 4th, 
 Ilr-- thinks duftuck.s Ihould be allowed to the Company's fervants in future for fach articles, 
 but nv . others. 
 
 In .infv/er to queftion the 5th, 
 He thinks the Englifh agents fliould not be fubjciSed to the authority of the country govern- 
 ment. 
 
 In anfwer to queftion the 6th, 
 He thinics the bufinefs may be carried on as it has been before, without any ill confequences ; 
 however, as a regulation concerning difputcs is required, he thinks the officers of the govern- 
 ment m:iy enquire into fuch matters, and fend reports of them to the neareft Englilh factory, 
 or to the prefid>;ncy, as they may chufe. 
 
 Major Carnac's. 
 
 At tlie confultation of the 17th January, Major Carnac concurred in opinion with the whole 
 of the gentlemen then at the Board, on the regulations eftabliflied by the Prefidcnt and Mr. 
 Haftings ; and his reaf(jns for fo doing, were, firft, that he deems highly difhonourable our being 
 thereby fubjcded to the Moorifli jurlfdiilion, as this is acknowleging a depcndancy on the 
 country government, the deliverance from which he had ever regarded as the great happincfs 
 refulting from our firft refolution ; nor can any but iniquitous deciftons be expedted from courts 
 of fuch notorious partiality. 
 
 Secondly, Major Carnac deems difhonourable, as alfo extremely prejudicial to our trade, 
 the agreeing to the duty upon all articles of inland trade, without diftin(Slion, none of which 
 were ever befcrc fubjciicd to the duties to the cftabllftiment of Meer Jaffier, except fait and 
 tobacco ; and this muft have been thiough condcfcinfion on our part, as our having an univerfai 
 freedom of trade is fo particuh'rly fpecified, both by our phirmaunds and treaties, as not to leave 
 the leaft open for cavilli;ig. Major Carnac, thirdly, deems it a difiionourable conceffion (and 
 the gentlemen at Patiia have (hewn it will be detrimental to the Company) the yielding up the 
 coinage in the mint at Patna, to which he believes we are entitled from our phirmaunds ; but, 
 cxclulive thereof, we had a very good claim from our having conftantly enjoyed that privilege 
 during the time of th? preceding Nabob. The Major, in confequence, thinks the letter from 
 the Pnfident to the Nabob, containing the faid regulations, fhould be withdrawn. — Thus 
 much being premifed, anlwers, on the part of Mijor Carnac, the firft and fifth queftions. 
 
 With refpecl to the fecond and third queftions, \4ajor Carnac is of opinion, that whatever 
 rights we may have, from our phirmaunds, and our different treaties, fliould be infifted on ; 
 and therefore, that the Company's duftucks fhould be granted for all commodities, without ex- 
 ception-, and that no duties whatever fh^ll be paid to the Nabob, but in lieu therefore, a duty 
 be levied upon duftucks, for the benefit of the Company ; however, fhould the Board think this 
 would occafion a greu diminution of the Nabob's revenue, he hopes they will not coni'ent to 
 any o'hcr duties, but the continuance or" thofc upon fait and tobacco, the former at the Hough- 
 ley rite, and the other according as has been paid at Dacca ; and that in fuch cafe, it will be 
 clearly explained to the Nabob, that it is pure indulgence from us, and which we may retract 
 at pleafure — The Company's duftucks, neverthelefs, equally given for fait and tobacco, as for 
 all other articles of trade. 
 
 If it be determined to make a compliment to the Nabob of a duty upon fa't, the other gen- 
 tlemen of the Board are the bcft judges how far the privilege of txading tiierein ought to be 
 extended, and whether it fhould be confined to the Company's fervants or not. Major Carnac 
 begs leave to wave giving any anfwer to the fourth qucftion, not being fufRciently mafter of 
 the fubjecl. 
 
 That the black people in our employ are guilty of great irregularities, and commit many 
 abufcs under the fanction of our authority, has been a frequent fubje£t of complaint; and it 
 certainly behoves us to feck every pofTible remedy thereto, except fuch a one as has been 
 propofed, which is worfe than the difcafc ^ there can be no difficulty at the places which 
 are in the neighbourhood of any of our faiitorles, the chiefs and council whereof fhould be em- 
 powered to enquire intf) the conduct of the P'nglifli p;omaftahs ; and we are not to doubt that the 
 decifions will be fair and equitable : in the places at a diitance from our factories, luch as 
 Rungpoor, Guaipore, &c. there are generally fome Englifh gentlemen of character relident; 
 and then in cafes of complaint, fhould be directed by the Board to take informations upon the 
 fpot, and to fpare no cofl or pains to get at the truth, which fhould be tranlmittcd ciihcr to 
 the ncarereft (ac'tory, or to Calcutta ; and upon conviction of any gomaftah of mifti^haviour, 
 the moft exemplary punilhmcnt fhould be indicted, in order to deter others from the like 
 practices. 
 
 Mr. Amyat — Mr. Vanfittart in his minute of the ift of February, complains of the harfh 
 and indecent opinion of the Boaid, on the lyth of January, againft his treaty entered into 
 with the Nabob, and that his negotiations therein did not merit fuch treatment from us. 
 
 We arc unanimous oa the regulations being detrimental and difhonourable, which every 
 
 article
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 article contained therein, I think, clearly denounced — the government formerly mufl have un- 
 deiftood our phirmaund gave us a full and exten five trade in every thing, without diftinc- 
 tion i and as far as our gentlemen were in capacity to carry on the inland trade, they prac- 
 tifed for many years ; but particular articles being farmed out to the government to particular 
 perfons, our trading therein gave umbrage, and Governor Stackhouftr, I think, was obliged to 
 give a mutchulka that the Englifh would defift from further dealing in fait, filk, and beetle nut; 
 this was at a time they could not fnaintain by force the DiUey grants, fo through neceffity com- 
 plied with, an order at this time would have had the fame efFed; but they obliged the then 
 governor to invalidate the phirmaund, by giving this muckulka which (hewed they thought our 
 right good, and by compulfion got this paper to overfet our future prctenfions, and has been 
 ever fince the argument againft us, therefore detrimental, and diflionourable. Mr. 
 Vanfittart renewing this mutchulka, the adding an additional duty to what we have? already 
 paid through a condefcenfion, is doubtlefs detrimental, the fubjef^ing us to the Moorilh laws, 
 and which, to our honour be it known, in the word of times we never were ; but now, not 
 even an appeal to the Nabob or the Council is mentioned ; this, doubtlefs, is both detrimental 
 and difhonourable : how prejudicial, partial, and unjuft the nature of their courts, cuftoms, 
 and laws, are fo well known to you all. Gentlemen, it's needlefs for me to take up your time 
 in o-iving you my I'entiments in full thereon ; the mentioning that our fcrvants, gomaibhs, &c. 
 Ihall not carry on trade by opprefTions, Sic. are difhonourable terms to be inferted in a public 
 treaty ; furely the Englifh jultnefs and honour was fuflicicnt for the government to be fausfied, 
 that we fhould furely chaftife any of them who dared to proftitute our name, by any illicit aiSlion, 
 without making it an article for them to do it : many complaints have appeared, but none 
 proved, and I flatter myfelf none will, of any confequence ; the Nabob's orders in circulating 
 Mr. Vanfittart's treaty, are difhonourable to us, and in a manner an adl of hoftility, bidding 
 us open defiance. 
 
 The foregoing were my reafons for concurring with the reft of the Board on the 17th of 
 January, in cenfuring the Governor's proceedings : and I am alfo to remind you, that we 
 thought he had alfo been guilty of a breach of our privilege in adting without ourconfent; and 
 I ftill think fo : for 1 folemnly declare, 1 never fufpedted he could defire fuch an indepcnd.int 
 power, or fo material or national a concern, or imagine the reft of the gentlemen would have 
 been more explicit and peremptory in their letters to him ; nor is it confiftent with reafon, any 
 council fhould give fuch powers. 
 
 Doubtlefs, Mr. Vanfittart will a(k, What regulations we wanted to have fettled with the 
 Nabob, which we hoped from his influence with the Nabob ? for he feems to know no one elfe 
 would be fuch as tended to our advantage, and not to his prejudice ; for if trade went freely on, 
 we would readily acquiefce in paying duties as had hitherto been colleded ; but the removal of 
 feveral vexations we had lately laboured under, was the point we wanted to lee happily effec- 
 tual ; and our goods were certified to the Englifti property, not to meet with any impediments. 
 
 I now come to the firft queftion the Nabob and Mr. Vanfittart fecm to think, and alTert we 
 have not, a liberty to an unconftrained trade. We have. Gentlemen, carefully perufed all our 
 phirmaunds, treaties, &c. and I think it clearly appears to me we have; therefore, as the 
 Nabob wants to invalidate thofe grants, we ought to have them properly explained to him ; 
 and infift on our parts to the utmoft of the Company's prerogative, and demand the treaty back 
 and dcftroy it. 
 
 To the fecond, I am to fay. Since the Nabob has wanted to impofe on us a breach of our 
 liberties, we fhould not pay any duty on any thing, but fupport our rights : the Company may 
 want to trade inthefe articles, when we confider their vafttradt of lands and production thereof, 
 efpecially fait, on which article they raife a very large duty themfeives. 
 
 To the 3d and 4th queftions, Duftucks cannot be granted to any but Company's fcrvants, un- 
 lefs it be for fuch goods produced upon the Company's lands, and paid their duties ; but certifi- 
 cates fhould to fuch as have paid the Nabob's any where, on a proper ruwanna being fhewn to 
 the governors or any chief, fatisfadtion that the Nabob's cuftoms have been duly difcharged. 
 
 To the 5th and 6th, The fervants and gomaftahs of the Englifh fhould not on any account 
 be under the leaft conilraint of the government ; but begs leave to defer faying any thing further 
 on this head for the prefent ; however, to regulate the difputes that may happen betwixt them 
 and the country government ; and indeed among themfeives, till fuch time as he has heard it 
 properly difcuflcd at the board, where the mutual advantage of the country and ourfclvcs will be 
 impartially confidered and deliberated on. 
 
 Major Adams does not think the agreement made with the Nabob, as contained in the Gover- 
 nor's letter to him, calculated to anfwer the end propofed by it ; viz. To fettle things on fuch a 
 footing as may prevent futuie difputes with the country government, of whofe juftice Mr. Van- 
 fittart feems in that treaty to have entertained a much better opinion than their fubfequent con- 
 dudt fhcws they deferve. 
 
 In anfwer to the ift queftion. 
 
 Major Adams is of opinion. That by the phirmaund and fubfequent treaties, particularly the 
 fecond article of that with Surajah Dowlah, rhe Englifh Eaft-lndia Company are intitlcd to 
 carry on any kind of trade duty-free, and in any part of the three provinces of Bengal, Bahar, 
 and Orixa. 
 
 To
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 To the 3d, 
 
 That the abovemcntioned phirmaund and treaties entitle the faid Company to carry on their 
 trade, fiee from any duties ; but that to prevent, as much as poflible, any dirturbanccs in the 
 country, fuch duties as have been colledbed on any fpecies of trade, fince the Jaft revolution, 
 fliould be continued. In anfwer to the 3d and 4th queftions. Major Adams is of opinion, 
 that as the privileges in the abovementioncd phirmaund, &c, were granted to the En<»li(h Eaft In- 
 dia Company, they, and their reprefentatives here, are the proper judges for what, and to 
 whom, diftridh fhould be granted ; and as he looks upon the above queftions to be a private na- 
 ture, begs to be excufcd giving his opinion upon them. 
 
 Jn .infwer to the 5111 qucftion. Major Adams thinks that the experience we have had of the 
 tyrannical and rapacious difpofition of the officers of the country government almoft renders 
 this queftion unnecefiary ; however, as his opinion is required with the reft of the gentlemen 
 at the Board, his duty to the public obliges him to declare, that he thinks that it (liould by no 
 means be allowed. 
 
 To the ( th and laft queftion, that wherever any confidcrable trade is carried on, however far 
 diftanc, a Cumpany'si fcrvant Lhould reiide, invefted with full power to enquire into any difputes, 
 and ('unifh the delinquents ; and that when the trade carried on is not of confequence fufiicient 
 to require a rcfidcnt, upon any complaints againft gomaftahs, or Englifli fadtors, the perfons 
 complained of (hould be immediately fummoned to the neareft Englifl) fadtory, as well as all the 
 evidences againft them; and that the Chief of fuch fidlory, with his Council, fliould be impow- 
 crcd to inflict the fevereft puniftiment on fuch gomaftahs and fadors, — if found suilty ; and that 
 no expence lhould be fpared to bring otlenders to juftice. — But ftiould the complaint be found 
 to be falfe or frivolous, the complainant lhould pay all the cofts and damages. 
 
 The regulations contained in my letter (A) to the Nabob of the 26tli of December, are fuch 
 as appears to me to be conformable to the true intent and meaning of the phirmaund and fubfe- 
 quent treaties, confidered with the Company's orders relative to the trade of their fcrvants, and 
 particularly the 24th and 29th paragraphs of their letter, of the 27th June 1748. 
 
 I am r.ware that the abuies, which fome of the Nabob's officers have exercifcd, upon the 
 appeauiiice of thefc regulations, will be urged as an objedion to them; but this is arguing by 
 confequcnces ; and 1 anfwer, that thofe, or whatever other regulations may be propofed.^will 
 fometir.ies be abufed by both parties, efpccially on their firlt eftablifliment ; and the only remedy 
 for this evil is, to punifh all fervants of ours who fliall break through rules, and infift on the Na- 
 bob's doing the fame : although fome men arc fo licentious as to break through all laws, it is not 
 a reafon why iaws fhould be aboliflied. 
 
 But to proceed to the particular articles objedcd to : Firft, it is Aiid, That the inland trade, 
 that is the trade in fait, and other ?rticles produced in one part of this country, and fent to 
 another part of the fame country for fale and confuniption, fiiall not be carried on with the Com- 
 pany's duftuck, but fliall go with the duftuck of the country government, after paying them a 
 duty of nine per cent. The phutm.aund fays, That whatever goods or merchandize the go- 
 maftahs of the Englifli Company fliall bring into any port or place of the province, bv fea or land, 
 or carry out, fliall be free of duty: for my part, I can underftand this no otherwiie, than that 
 the goods they fliall bring in from foreign parts may be tranfported to any part of the province, 
 by fea or land, duty free ; and the goods they purchafe in any part of the province may in like 
 manner be carried out. This 1 imagined to be all the Company afked ; and it is not to be fup- 
 pofed more was granted : by fuch a trade, the country reaps the benefit of the goods and money 
 imported ; but all that is gained by us in trafficking from place to place in the country, in arti- 
 cles of its own produce, is in truth fo much loft to the country. 
 
 The fubfequent treaties confirm the privileges of the phirmaund ; and particularly the fecond 
 article of the treaty with Scrajah Doulah declares. That all goods goin"^ to or comina from any 
 place, by land or water, with the Company's duftuck, fli.Vll be free. It remains Itill to be li- 
 mited by firmaund, and the Company's orders, for what occaiions the duftuck fhall he 
 granted ; and I think it behoves us greatly to take care they are not granted for any 
 purpofe beyond the intention of the tirm-und, and to anfwer thofe ends the Company 
 had in \iew when they put themfelvcs to the expence of applying for it. With refpefl to the 
 power of our gomaftahs, the fiimaund fays, That in every pLce where they buy or fell, the offi- 
 cers of the governnunt fhall alTift them in their lawful demands ; and every merchant, weaver, 
 or other pcrlon, upon whom the Englifh gouK.ft.ihs Ihall have a juft demand, the officers of the 
 government fliall oblige them to pay it, and fuftcr no one to opprefs the gomaftahs; and if any 
 iervaiit of the Company's, being in their debt, fliall run away, the officers of the government 
 fhall take him up, and deliver him to the chief o( the factory. , 
 
 The Nabob Jafficr Aly Cawn, in his general fanad, 1757, confirms all the phirmaund pri- 
 vileges ; and adds, that the Company may buy or fell without employing a banyan, or broker,' 
 and that the officers of the government fhall affift them in all their ju;} dcmamts • nothin'T here 
 can be (aid to give our gomaftahs power to decide their own caufes, or make ufe of any forco 
 of their own ; but they are to apply to the offitei s of the government, and obtain ledrefs through 
 their nic.iiib. 
 
 As to the coinage, there is an order, granting the Company pcrmiffion to coin at the 
 King's mint, at Cariemabad ; and, in cafe it can be done without lols to the King's reve- 
 nue, three days in the week axe o be let apart for the EngKlh Conipanv's luUion ; but 
 
 M ' thete
 
 APPENDIX, No. 5. 
 
 there is no particular indulgence. As to the rate of coinage, they are to pay the fame 
 mint chevegs as other merchants ; and this is all the Nabob dcfired, as I mentioned in my 
 anfwer to Nobi Troies complaints ; of which anfwer I gave Mr. Ellis a copy ; belides, 1 think 
 this privileo-e now unneceflary, as we have a mint of our own, in which we may coin the rupees 
 of Dacca and Patna, as we do thofe of Murfhadabad. With regard to malcing toftals or fait 
 pans in Sunderbund, I confefs my letter to the Nabob does not fully exprefs what I intended ; 
 I meant, that we ought not to take away the grounds which other merchants have cleared, nor 
 the woricmen ; which as appears by my letters to the chiefs of Chittegong, which 1 delivered 
 to the Nabob at the fame time, they have heard. And as to the trading by our gomaflahs with 
 the mountaineers, who come with cotton to Rangamatty ; if it has been cuftomary for that 
 article to be farmed out by the country government, and it is from that only the revenue pro- 
 ceeds, I think we have no right to over-rule that cuftom. Any innovations to the prejudice 
 of the reve.iues of the country government, and the exclufion of the country merchants from 
 that fhare of the trade which they have long inherited, I tl ink, fhould be avoided, as fuch 
 proceedings muft render us univerfally the object of jealoufy and ill will. 
 
 To the propofcd quefiions I theretore fay, firlt, that I think we have not a right, by phir- 
 maund and fubfequent treaties, to carry on the inland trade, jor the trade from place to place in the 
 country, in commodities produced in the country ; but thdt we have a right to carry on all other 
 trade cuitom-free. 
 
 Secondly — That I think duties might be paid to the country government on fait, beetle nut, 
 tobacco, and all other articles of inland trade ; and that a grant fhould be obtained from the 
 Nabob, confirming to us a right to carry on that trade upon thofe conditions, fo that it may not 
 hereafter be difputed.' — 1 mean, that duties Ihould be paid to the country government upon 
 articles produced in the country, fent from place to place in the country, for fale and con- 
 fumption there ; but when fent to Calcutta, for confumption or exportation, they fhould go 
 with the Company's duftuck, and pay no duties to the country government; in fuch cafe, the 
 country has its advantage in the vent given to their manufactories or produce by the trade of 
 this fettlement, and the Company receive the cuftoms ; but on the inland trade we pay no 
 duties at all, unlefs we pay to the country government, and yet that trade will afford duties 
 better than any other. 
 
 Thirdly and fourthly. I think the Company's dufluck fhould not be granted for any article 
 of inland trade ; but that certificates fhould be granted by the Governor of Calcutta, or the 
 chief of any factory, to accompany the duftuck of the country government ; and that fuch cer- 
 tificates fhould be granted equally to Company fervants ; any other licence Englifli merchants 
 who have firft duly paid the government duties, and got their duftuck. 
 
 Fifthly and fixthly. I think the Englifh gomaftahs fhould not be under thecontrnul of the 
 officers of the country government, at thofe aurungs which are under the charge of any of the 
 fubordinate factories ; but, in cafe of any complaint againft them, the officers of the country 
 government fliall apply to the chief of the factory for redrefs ; and in cafe the gomaftah has a 
 difpute with, or demand upon, any of the country people (not the weavers or other immediate 
 fervants of the Company) he, fhall apply to the officers of the government f^r redrefs; and if 
 the officer of the government neglects or refuics to grant it, the gomaftah fhall then make his 
 complaint to the chief of the faiilory, who fhall require, and if neceffary cxa£t, an immediate 
 compliance, giving a full account of the matter to the Board. 
 
 But at thofe aufums which are not under the management of any of the Company's fa£to- 
 ries, but only fome particulars have their agents or gomaftahs, thofe, I think, fuch an autho- 
 rity cannot be truftcd in their hands, nor indeed is it poifible, as there m.Ty be feveral different 
 gomaftahs in one place who have all an equal right to auihority ; I think they fhould apply to 
 the country government for rediei's on all ociafions; and if the officers of the government do 
 not grant them the fatisfadtion the matter requires, the gomaftah may then make his complainti 
 to his principal, and he to the Board, who will infift on the necefiary reparation for all unrealon-' 
 able loft'cs : 1 do not, however, mean, that in cafe of complaint againft an Englifh gomaftah 
 at fuch place, the officer of the country government fhall have authority to feize the gomaftah,'. 
 ftop his goods, or interrupt his bufinefs ; but he ftiall give him notice of the complaint, and' 
 recommend to him to get it fettled ; and in cife the gomaftah refufes or ncgledts to give fuch; 
 fatisfadtion as fhall appear to the government's officer to be reafonable, he may then tranimif 
 the complaint to the governor of Calcutta. I fee nothing in the firmaun or fubfequent treaties 
 which forbids the officers of the government from doing thcmfelves juftice on fuch occafionsj 
 but yet, the nature of the people is fuch, that it would be dangerous to admit it ; of which their 
 prefent violent proceedings is a fufficient proof. , : 
 
 The opinions having been all read at the Board, the fum of the anfwers to the feveral queftion.s, 
 {land as follows. 
 
 To the firft queftion, 
 
 In the affirmative, ten voices. 
 
 In the negative, with refpe£t to the inland trade, two. 
 To the fecond, 
 
 In the affirmative, feven. 
 
 In the negative, five. To
 
 APPENDIX, No. 6. 
 
 To the third, 
 
 In the affirmative, nine. 
 In the negative, two. 
 Major Adams filcnt. 
 The fourth qudtion, being altered by the determination of the feconJ, flioulJ fland thus; 
 " As it is determined that duties (houid be allowed on certain articles, Whether certihca^s 
 " {hall be granted to thofe who pay that duty, but are not Company's fervants ?" 
 and it being accordingly put, the fum of the anfwers ftand as follows : 
 
 In the affirmative, Meflrs. Hay, Carticr, Amyatt, and the Prcfidcnt — 
 
 four voices. 
 In the negative, Meflrs. Watts, Marriott, Johnftone, Haftings, Billers, 
 and Batfon — fix voices. 
 Major Carnac and Adams filent. 
 To the filth and fixth queftions. The opinion of all the Board, excepting Mr. Haftings,^ 
 imports. That the Eiiglifh gomaftahs (hall not be under any aiStualcontroul of the officers of 
 the country government, but be reltrained by fuch regulations as may belaid down. 
 
 As it is the opinion of the majority of the' Board, That a confideration ought to be paid to 
 the Nabob on certain articles of the inland trade, the members from the fubordinates are afked. 
 What duties they have hitherto paid, and on what articles ? 
 
 No. 6. 
 Fort William Confultation, 5th March 1763. 
 
 TAKING now into confideration the neccflary regulations for reftraining our agents and 
 gomalLihs from interfering with any affairs of the country government, injuring the peo- 
 ple, or being injured by them, and for deciding of difputes which may arife between them ; 
 It is agreed, 
 FirPi, That at all thofe nurungs which arc adjacent to or under the management of the fubor- 
 dinate fadorics, the gomaftahs, in cafe of being injured by any of the officers of the govern- 
 ment or their dependants, (liall firft make their application for redrefs in writing to the officer of 
 the government rtfiding on the fpot, from whom if he does not receive immediate fatisfadhon, 
 he flial! fend his complaint to the chief of the nearcft factory, who fhall be impowered to take 
 cognizanceof the f:;ine, and demand or exact, if neccflary, the fatisfadion which the cafe may 
 require: butthat it is to be underftood, in refped of weavers, pykars, and all others who re- 
 ceive advances of money for goods to he provided, or are indebted for goods bought, the go- 
 niaftahs fhall retain their power as ufual, to call fuch debtors to account: that, on the other 
 hand, v/here the government's people fhall have reafon to complain againft Englifb gomaftahs 
 oragents, (hall give the faid agent or gomalfah notice of the complaint in writing, requiring 
 and'recommcnding to him to fettle it in an amicable and equitable manner; and in cafe the 
 agent or gomaftah rcfufesornegleds to fettle it in fuch a manner as fhall appear rcafonablc to 
 the government's officer, he fiiall then tranfmit an account of it to the chief of the ncarc-ll Eng- 
 lilh faiitory, and deliver a copy of the faid account to the gomaftah ; and the chief of the f^ar- 
 tory is hereby required ffridtly to examine into the affair, and decide it according to jufticc, 
 giving a copy of fiis determination to the officer of the government who made the complaint. 
 That the gentlemen of the fubordinates fhall keep a rcgiftcr of fuch complaints, with the deci- 
 iions paffed on them ; a copy whereof fhall be forv/arded monthly to the prclidency. 
 
 Secondly. With rcfpcd to the diffant places where traJc is carried on, fuch as Rungpore, 
 Puincah, Gual Parah, Rangamatty, there is at prefcnt no rcfident on the pnrt of ihc Company ; 
 but at Rungpore a provihon of filk'is made by a gomaftah from Coffimbuzar factory; which 
 provifion, it is hoped, may be incrcafed and improved by the care of a covenanted fervant. At 
 the fame time, the fituation of this place is fuch as will be convenient for examining the com- 
 plaints, and deciding the difputes which may arife in mod of thofe places. 
 
 Agreed, therefore. That the addition of a fcnior fervant be made to the Council at Coffimbu- 
 zar, and appointed refidciit at Runspore. 
 
 That the order forbidding our fcnants or dependants from holding of lands, gunges, rents, or 
 employments of any kind, under the country government, (hall be again repeated. ^ ^ 
 
 That fuch, however, as have inherited talooks, from purcbafe, or other food right, fllall 
 notbeobrK'cdtoijive them up, but hold them as other talookdars in the country; bemg in- 
 formed once for all, that, in rcfpea to fuch rents held from the government, they are iwt to 
 avail thcmfelve? of our protedtion to invert them with any particular privileges. 
 ■ Tfiat fuch complaints as have already been made, and tianfmitted to the fcveral fubordinates, 
 flialibeenquirtd into and decided, conformable to the above regulation, and that fuch as have 
 not yet, (hall now be forwarded to the proper fubordinatc for that purpole. 
 
 A'Tced, in confequencc of the above mentioned refolution, That Mr. Lyon be appointed 
 third of the council at Colilmbuzar, and refidcnt at Rungpoor. 
 
 Hknry Van Sittart, 
 Wm. Bili.ers, 
 Rand. Marriott, 
 H. Watt^. 
 
 No. 7.
 
 APPENDIX, No. 7. 
 
 No. 7. 
 Fort William Confultation, 7th March 1763. 
 
 RECEIVED two letters from the Nabob, dated the 26th of February, in anfwtr to thofe 
 wrote to him by the Prefident, in confultation the 15th February. 
 The fame being now read at the Board, it appears, that in one of them he contains his anfwer 
 with refpe£l to trade, in the Three following Demands or Propofals. 
 
 Extradofa Letter from the Nabob to the Governor, dated the 12°. Shaaban, or 26th of 
 
 February; received the 7th March 1763. 
 
 Three demands which I formerly put to you I now again repeat : the firft is, From the be- 
 ginning until now the Nazim of Bengal correfponded with the Governor of Calcutta, jult as I 
 have been acquainted with you, my friend, and am now acquainted with you, and not havino- 
 a fingle word of correfpondence with the reft of the Board. 
 
 The fecond is, viz. I formerly reprefented to you, that the Company's trade has been fixed 
 time immemorial, atthis prefent befides the Company's trade, the gomaftahs of the Englifh 
 gentlemen have fet up the trade of fait, tobacco, dried fifli, timber, &c. and make purchafe of 
 the country people with force and extortion, and are continually contriving unjuft dilputes and 
 wranglings with my officers, fo that the poor, the inhabitants, the merchants, and manufac- 
 turers of my country are opprelTed, and both you and myfelf are troubled with unjuft vexatiuiis. 
 Now I fayalfo, that your gomaftahs are to trade asincuftoms in the merchandizes imported and 
 exported, which has been the praftice in this country ; and are to refrain from thole articles of 
 trade which perplex the revenues due to my adminiftration, and are a caufe of difputes, and be 
 the ruin of the inhabitants and poor people. 
 
 The third is, Whether your Excellency's will is, at all events, to commit the expences of 
 the army, and management of the country and his Majefty's revenues, tome; and your owngo- 
 maftahs are to carry on thofe branches of trade which were never praftifed in the country ; and 
 my country is to be oppreffed, under pretences of trade, and the officers of my government 
 are to have no concern in the affairs of the adminiftration, or be allowed to fay a word. 
 
 In the other there appears throughout a general difmclination to give us any fatisfaiSion for 
 the interruption and ill ufage which we have received from Mahomed Aly and other officers of 
 the government ; and that both his letters feem, upon the whole, rather an evafion than an 
 anfwer to the Prefident's reprefentations. 
 
 Agreed therefore. That a letter be immediately wrote to him by the Prefident, acquainting 
 him with this our opinion of his letters, and giving him a full account of what has been hitherto 
 refolved on by the Board, in confequence of the phirmaund and other public orders of the court, 
 and of the fubfequent treaties, which have all been referred to, and itriiilly examined ; and by 
 the tenor of which the Board are determined to abide. 
 
 That copies of all thofe phirmaunds, hufbulhookums, and treaties, together with the re- 
 gulations which we have now relolved on, will be fent to him by MclFis. Amyatt and Hay, 
 and whom we {hall depute from the Board to explain to him more fully the injuftice of thofe 
 rights and pretenfions, and fettle the rules for levying the cuftom, which we have agreed ihall 
 be paid. That withrefpedt to the complaints already made, we do infift on juftice againft all 
 thofe officers of the government who may be proved guilty of the obftructions and extortions 
 laid to their charge, and that reparation fliall be made for the loil'es occafioned thereby: that, 
 on the other hand, all the complaints made by his officers, in different parts of the country, 
 againft Englifh agents or gomaftahs, have been referred to the examination of the gentlemen of 
 the fadtories neareft to thole places from whence the complaints have come ; and whatever 
 injuftice it may appear they have committed, we fhall be particularly careful to caufe them to 
 make amends for. 
 
 Mr. Johnftone moves. That a letter be now wrote by the Board to the Nabob, in anfwer to 
 the firft of his three demands, explaining to him the powers of the Council, that it is with 
 them that in faift he aits, although their opinion is tranfmitted through the channel of the 
 Prefident ; that therefore he fhould confider them in the firft: degree : — further, that in it the 
 Governor's letter, containing the regulations, fhould be re-demanded ; and that the letter 
 now fent fhould be figned by the Board, and fealed with the Company's feal. 
 
 The fecretary being directed to colle<5t the opinions of the Board on this motion of Mr. 
 Johnftone's, the feveral members delivered the fame as follows : 
 
 Mr. Watts is of opinion, that a paragraph fhould he inferted in the letter to be wrote to the 
 Nabob, explaining to him the powers of the Board ; and that the letter fent by Mr. Vanfittar* 
 to the Nabob fhould be demanded back as from the Board, but that the letter now fent be 
 forwarded under the Prefident's feal. 
 
 Mr. Marriott is of the fame opinion with Mr. Watts. 
 
 Mr. Hay thinks the explanation regarding the powers of the Council flmuld be made to the 
 Nabob in a public letter, agreeable to Mr. Johnftone's motion ; but that a demand for the letter, 
 containing the regulations, fhould be made in a letter under the Prefident's feal. 
 
 The Company plainly declare their intention, that all correfpondence with the country 
 
 powers
 
 A P 1^ E N D I X, No. 8. 
 
 powers fliould Ve carried on through the channel of the Governor; and as an alteration of this 
 cuftom will fubject the Nabob, Wfio has not been iifcd to luch a rncchod, nor can be ajud-ie of 
 the propriety of it, to great perplexities, and tiiid to create a breach between us, I object to 
 any letter being wrote to the Nabon but with tlie PieliJtnt's feSl.- 
 
 As to an explanation of the powers of ihc Board, tin; Nabob, to my knowlcge, is well ac- 
 quainted with them, nor is fuch an iiiformaticn in anv wife neccflTiify. 
 
 It isaWb unncccliary to demand back the Governor's letter to the Nabob, will of courfc be 
 annulled by the new regulations. 
 
 Mellrs. Cartier and iSillcrs are of the fame opinion with Mr. Watts. 
 
 Mr. Batfon agrees with Mr. Johnftone in opinion, That the authority of the Board fhould 
 b€ ad'crted, and the Governor's written agreement be demanded back ; and that it is theintcrelt 
 of the people, that the correfpondcnce Ihouid be carried on by the Board. 
 
 Major Carnac is of opinion. That the Nabob does not, or will not, underftand the powers 
 of the Board, and therelore ihcy ought to be fo explained to him as to admit of no dil'putcs ; 
 which cannot be done any way fo eft'citually jis by a letter under the public feal, as propofcd by 
 Mr. Johnltonc in hii minute ; and that in the fame letter the Governor's, containinij the regu- 
 lations, (hould be demanded back. 
 
 Mr. Amyatt is of Mr. Watts's opinion. 
 
 Major Adams is of opinion. That the Nabob's letters (hould be anfwcred by the Prefident, 
 in the name of the Board, under his own feal, which, with the purport of letter, will fuf- 
 ficiently convince the Nabob that the power is lodged in the majority of the Council ; and that 
 he thinks the demanding the letter wriil more properly become part of the inftruftions to Meflrs. 
 Amyatt and Hay. 
 
 The Prciident obferves, That he has already explained to the Nabob, more than once, the 
 power of the Board, and that he aiitcd, in his oVVn opinion, by the powers of the Board when 
 he wrote the letter in queftion ; but that as the Nabob afteits to be infenfibie of the powers of 
 the Board, and, inftead of complying with the agreement, endeavours to make the word u fa 
 pofTihle of the letter, he thinks he Ihould be wrote to, in the terms propofcd by Mr. Johnftonc 
 but that it fliould be wrote in the ufual manner, through the channel of the Prefident as 
 any other method is contrary to the Company's Handing orders, as well as detrimental to 
 their affairs. 
 
 The majority of the Board being of Mr. Watts's opinion ; 
 
 Ordered, 
 That two additional paragraphs, exprefling the fenfe thereof, be added to the letter which is 
 above directed to the Nabob by the Prefident : — that the whole letter be drawn up bv the Il-cre- 
 tary, from the refolutions of Council, and, when approved by the members, be fent to the 
 tranflator, with directions to render it into Pcrlian, applying to the Prefident for the moonfliev 
 who ulualty writes the letters for that purpofe. 
 
 In conformity to the relolution contained in the above letter, 
 
 Meflrs. Amyatt and Hay be deputed to the Nabob with full inftruftions, agreeable to the 
 refolutions of Council; and that they do carry along with them a pcrfon who Ihall afterwards 
 be rcfident at the durbar, to tranlact fuch buhnefs as muft nccellarily occur. 
 
 No. 8. 
 
 Fort William Sele£l Confultation, 30th April 1764. 
 
 TJ Kceived a letter from CofTimbuzar, dated the i6th inftant, inclofing a copy of one which 
 *^ they had received from Mr. Jeykyll at Rungpoor, complaining of an infult offered him bv 
 Mr. George Ivie, an European agent reliding there, in a letter which ho wrote him, and of 
 the ill ufage which the vacqueel of the Shawpoor zemindar had received from a gomallah of 
 Mr. Pottorks (another agent) fct forth in a petition to Mr. Jekyll ; of thcle two pn|)iTs they 
 alio Inclofe us copies, and requcll we will give fuch orders as may prevent the like behaviour in 
 future; as it will be impoflibic for iMr. Jekyll, if he is to be infulted in the difchar"e of his 
 duty, to put a ftop to the numberlefsapprehennons the government's people daily labour under, 
 from the unlawful proceedings of many of the private Europeans agents and their gomaltahs, 
 fettled in the Rungpoor and Dinagepoor countries, and of which repeated complaints have beed 
 made to the chief, by the Naib at ;\loorlhedabad. 
 
 Read Mr. JekyH'a Ltter, and the other papers referred to in the Coflimbuzar letter. 
 . Read a letter ftom .Mr. Jekyll to the Prefident. 
 
 Re.id a letter from the juflildar of Dinagepocr to Mr. Jekyll. 
 
 Ordered, All thefe paper's he entered after the Coflimbuzar letter. 
 
 Mr. Middletondelners in a letter, acquainting us, that Mr. Ivic is his affcnt ; and accom- 
 panying the copy of a paragraph of a letter v\hich he has received from him ; in which Mr. Ivic 
 reprelcnts the matter of Mr. Jekyii's coniplaint againlt him in a very different light to what he 
 has done. 
 
 Ordered, It be entered, with the paper accompanying, after this confultation. 
 
 "I'he foregoing papers call to our mnul the m.niy dilputes and complaints which have alrcidy 
 come before us, between the European agents and the country government, and proving the 
 ncccirity of providing as foon as poilibic lome effectual remedy. — And 
 
 The matter having undergone fome debate at the prefent meeting ; 
 
 Agiecd, We cnme to a refoliition on the luhject next I'iiurldav ; and that thefe papers dt> 
 lay for confidei ation till thai time. 
 
 N No. 9
 
 APPENDIX, No. 9. 
 
 No. 9. 
 Fort William Selefl: Confultation, 3 May 1764. 
 
 At a Confultation ; PRESENT, 
 
 The Honourable K>;nry Vanfittart, Efquire, Prefident, ^ 
 
 Warren Haftings, Efquire, £ 
 
 Randolph Marriott, Efquire> 
 Samuel Middleton, Efquire, 
 Ralph Leycefter, Efquire, 
 John Burdett, Efquire. 
 
 THE book of {landing orders on the table. 
 The Confultation of the 30 ultimo, being wrote fair, was now read, and approved. 
 Havina; now refumed the conlideration of the fubjefk debated on at laft council, and dif- 
 courfed fully on every point that occurred to the different members. 
 The Board drew up the following general opinion : 
 
 Every method has been tried for carrying on the inland trade upon fuch a footing as to pre- 
 vent difputes between our agents and the country government, or betvreen one agent and another, 
 and for deciding in a jufl and reafonable manner fuch as unavoidably might happen; having 
 experienced the obftruftions to which that trade would be liable, if the officers of the country 
 government were admitted to any authority over the Englifh au;ents ; it was refolved in con- 
 fultation, 5th March 1703, That the chief of the neareft Englilh factory (hould finally deter- 
 mine all fuch difputes ; and as the Rungepoor, and Dinagepoor, and adjacent diftridts, where 
 a very confiderablc part of this inland trade centers, appeared to be too far removed from any 
 of our factories to admit of fuch enquiry being made in a fatisfadlory and accurate manner j 
 for this reafon principally it was agreed, that a fenior fervant fliould be appointed to refide at 
 Rungpoor, who Ihould have power to hear and determine all difputes. 
 
 No fooner is this rcfolution carried into praflice, than fome of the Englifh agents complain as 
 loudly of injuries fufFered from the authority of the Englifh refident, as they did before of the 
 Nabob's government. 
 
 Shall there then be no government, no reflraint upon thofe excefTes, which either ignorance 
 or paffion, or fclf intereft, may lead an Englifh agent to commit in the country ? This is really 
 the cafe at prefent ; and although it is very certain, that fome of the gentlemen employed are of 
 unexceptionable charader, and whofe good behaviour might be depended on, yet many there are 
 of a contrary difpofition ; but theie need not many arguments to prove, that both the good and 
 the bad fhould be under fome law; yet if we examine the cafe of the Englifh agents up the 
 country, we fhall find they are under none ; our character does not authorize our courts to take 
 cognizance of any crimes they might commit in thofe parts ; and it has been laid down as a fun- 
 damental principle, that the country government (hall have no power of them. 
 
 We need not look further for the root of that licentioufnefs which has produced fuch innume- 
 rable complaints from the country government, and the inhabitants in thofe parts where Euro- 
 pean agents have been fent ; it now no longer can be doubted, that many or thofe complaints 
 have been well grounded, particularly in the article of felling goods by force, for more than the 
 current market price ; a practice called in this country Barja, or Guchaout. 
 
 All the power we can give the Chiefs of our factories over thefe agents will be very infufficient 
 to remedy this diforder; lince in realitj none ourfclves ; and therefore difagreejible as it is to de- 
 prive fo many of our nation of the benefits they now receive, by being employed as agents in 
 the country, yet it feems an unavoidable neceffity ; and for the fake of the public tranquillity 
 and welfare muft be adopted, and the trade carried on for the future by the black gomaflahs, 
 who may be tried and puniflied by our court of jemindary, if they commit any excefTes or a£ts of 
 injuftice, and that power delegated, as far as fhall appear necefi'ary, to the chiefs of the fubor- 
 dmate factories. 
 
 It will be objected, by the concerned in the inland trade, that gomaflahs will be liable to be 
 opprclfed by the country government, who have taken, and will take, every opportunity of 
 reftraining us from that trade, which they regard as an innovation ; this objection we believe is 
 very juft, and we fhall expedt that many difficulties will be found in the beginning in carryinj^ 
 on this trade by gomaftahs ; but thefe we think may be furmounted by proper applications to 
 the Nabob and his officers ; and upon the whole are of opinion, that all private inconveniences 
 tnuflbe fubmitled to, even the rifle of being entirely deprived of the trade, rather than fuftcr 
 the inhabitants of the country to be opprefled by an abufe ot the Englifh name. 
 
 It is therefore the opinion of the Board, and refolved. That all the Europeans, Portuguefe, 
 natives, and Armenian agenrs, and which ar; now up the country, fhall have notice given 
 them to fettle their concerns fo as to return to Calcutta by the 30th of November next ; and 
 that after that time no European {hall be permitted to go up the country on any pretence what- 
 foever, or any other agents be employed in our trade hut Bengal natives. 
 
 With refpeit to the praftice of carrying on the inland trade by force (called Burja, or Gu- 
 chaout) it is a pradlice which we intircly difapprove ; and in order to put a flop to it as foon as 
 poffible, it is agreed to fend dire£lions to Dacca, Rungpore, Mantda, to forbid it in the 
 diftridts under their fadtories ; but to do it with fuch care and difcretion as not to affect the 
 Company's inveftment, as we don't mean to invalidate the right derived to the Company from 
 their phirmaund, always held over their own weaver. 
 
 As thefe refolutions will atFedthe particular intereft of all the gentlemen in the fervice, by 
 
 altering
 
 APPENDIX, No. lo. 
 
 altering the manner of carrying on the trade, it was wiihcd, that every poflible expedient fliould 
 be propofed for rendering more ertcctual the intention oi the Board, with as little inconvenience 
 as poflible to particulars ; and every objedion heard that the cafe will admit, before thefe refo- 
 Jutions fhall take place. 
 
 Agreed therefore. That a copy of the proceedings of lalt Monday, and of this day, be for- 
 warded to Meflieurs liatfon, Billcrs, V'ercllt, Cartier, Johnltonc, Watts, and Senior, and 
 their opinions dcfircd, which we mean (hall be cltccniedas voices to the qutllion. 
 
 Mefieurs Middleton and Burdett dilfering in opinion from the rcit of the members, with rc- 
 fpccl to the firft refolution, deliver in their Icntiments in the following minute : 
 
 By recalling of Englifh agents from the diftlrent aurungs, and placing black, gomaftahs in their 
 flead, we think we Ihall be fubject to the lame inconvenience, with refpect to difputes with 
 the country government as at prefent ; for the latter are naturally of a tyrannical and arbitrary 
 diipofition, and where they have any authority, they will exert it to the utmoft of their power, 
 at Icall as far as they find it necefl'ary for their own interclt ; we judge that they will have an 
 equal authority to an Englifh agent, as they muft be fupported by the fame inlhumcnt, a dul- 
 tick and iinglilh colours, ell'e they cannot carry on their buiinels ; and we therefore think, it 
 would be belt to give the preference to gentlemen of our own country, in whom we can cer- 
 tainly place more dependance than on a black gomaftah ; but that fuch gentlemen as arc fent 
 fhould be only men of known probity and good charader, and that have the permiflion of the 
 whole, or at leall the majority of the Board ; we would recommend fevere penalties being 
 annexed to any breach of fuch orders as the Board may plealc to give them, relative to their in- 
 terfering in the attairs of the country government ; and that thefe pei-.alties may, without 
 f:ivour, be put in execution, whenever there is an inftanceofan offence of this kind : this, we 
 conceive, will keep trade in general more on a ballance ; for if the Englifh agents are with- 
 drawn, the gentlemen rellding at fuboidinates will have fuch influence through all the adja- 
 cent aurungs, to their rcfpedilive fadtories, that they may, when they pleafe, monopolize the 
 whole trade to themfelves. 
 
 With refpect to the fecond and third refolutions, we agree intirely with the opinion of the 
 Board. 
 
 Ordered, in confequence of the third refolution. That the papers be prepared, and forwarded 
 as f'oon as pofTible to the different gentlemen, with a letter from the fecretary. 
 
 Henry Van Sittart, 
 Samuel Middleton, 
 Ralph Leycester, 
 John Burdett. 
 No. 10. 
 
 Fort William SclctSl Confultation, the 2ifl July 1764. 
 
 'T'HE fecretary reporting, that he has received the opinions from the feveral gentlemen at the 
 ■*■ fubordinates, concerning the European agents, the Board now proceed to determine finally 
 on that fubjciSf. 
 
 Read again the Confultationsof the 30th April and 3d May. 
 
 Read the opinions received by the Secretary, in the following order : 
 
 Mr. Batfon is of opinion, that the permitting of free merchants, or any others, not in the 
 Company's fervice, to fettle at the aurungs, or other places up the country, is quite contrary 
 to tl;e intentions of the Company, no fuch thing having been allowed for 10 or 12 years after 
 he came to Ecngal, and that a flop ought to be put to it, fmce he is perfuaded it would prove 
 highly detrimental to the Company's trade and intcrefls in thefe provinces. 
 
 Patna, May the i8th, 1764. 
 
 Ha'ing perufed the Confultations of the 30th of April and 3d of May, I now give it as my 
 opinion, that all Europeans, &c. agents, fhould be called down from the different aurungs ; for 
 I don't conceive it poflible to lay them under fuch reflrictions, fo as to prevent their meddling 
 with the country government, by fctting up for phoufdars wherever they go, which has been too 
 much the cafe of late ; for thisrcafon, as well as that by the continuance of them at different aurungs 
 they might in time be a great detriment to the Company's inveffment, by providing of goods for 
 foreigners ; 1 think it highly necefiary to withdraw them, as foon as they can fettle their prefent 
 concerns ; however, I can't help obferving, that the orders of the Board are fome what hard, in 
 not permitting an European to go up the country on any pretence whatfoever, as there are fome 
 pniticulars to be excepted to; namely, that of conducting of boats, which cannot be fo well 
 performed as by the management of an European. Wm. Billers. 
 
 Mr. V'erelff, after having carefully per ult-d the Confultations of the 30th of April, and 3d 
 jnflant, with the papers therein referred to, tranfmittcd to him by the Secretary, by order of 
 the Board, begs leave to remark as follows : 
 
 From the general opinion the Board have formed in their latter confultation, it appears to 
 him, that the debates have taken their rife from Mr. Jekyll's complaints againft Mr. Ivy, an 
 tiiropcan agent, for having wrote an infulting letter to him; and from the ill ufage thpt ths 
 2.1 mindar of Shapore had received from a gomalfah of Mr. Pollocks, another anent ; but as the 
 Boatv. feem not to have come to a determination, how fir either the one or the other of thefe 
 gentlemen has been culpable, and as the refolution of the Board to call down all European a"ents 
 h'.s been formed from an opinion of the ill behaviour of thofe that have been imployed, and as 
 Mr. Vcrellt is unacquainted with the different complaints made, he would have been glad to 
 
 have
 
 APPENDIX, No. 10. 
 
 have heard the debates on Meffrs. Jekyll and Ivy's letters, as their reprefentations are ftrongl^ 
 contradiiitory to each other, to have enabled him to have given his opinion more fully thereon ; 
 therefore, (hould he be deficient in what he may propofe, he hopes the Board will confider 
 how difficult it is to recommend a remedy, where the difeafe is not thoroughly known. 
 
 Firft, He is of opinion, that European agents, in any part of the country, acting with the 
 approbation of the PreliJent and Council (f Bengal, are as much under the law, as any per- 
 Ibn rcfidiiio- at any fadtory, eftabliflitd before or fince the grant of his Majclty's charter; for 
 his Majefty's intentions, as exprelled in the beginning of the charter, feem to be for the 
 benefit of all fuch of his fubje£ls as carry on their trade in any part within the limits 
 prcfcribcd ; which are fet forth to be, from the Cape of Good Hope to the Streights of Ma- 
 gellan : that no fadory in the kingdoms is out of the limits of our own courts, every member of 
 the Board muft be well fatisfied, hnce a warrant from the Mayor's court was not long fince fent 
 fent up, and executed on a gentleman in this place. The fame public power tnat autho- 
 rizes an a"-ent to trade in thefe countries, confirms to him by that adl a proteiStion for 
 his life and property againft every invader, through thofe parts where the influence of 
 fuch power extends ; and the agent becomes reciprocally anfwerable for his own condudl.— ^ 
 It is not doubted, he prcfumes, but that the Board have a privilege of fettling a faftory, 
 for the nreater conveniencies of trade, in any part of thefe provinces that they may ap- 
 prove; and that on fettling fuch factory the members are ftill under the law; if therefore, in a 
 colledtive fenfe, any number of gentlemen are thus qualified, and naturally continue fubordi- 
 nate to the laws of their country, be their refidence in thofe parts where it will, he hopes it will 
 not be difputed, but that the fame fabordinatioii extends to any lingle member, or to an agent 
 publicly and fully authorized to trade in the (ame parts (that is to fay, by the fufFrage ot the 
 Board) as it does to this community ; for equity muft invariably be the fame in a lingle as in a 
 collective fenfe ; and his Majefty's motive feems to have been, that his grant Ihould not be con- 
 fined to any particular place or degree. Mr. Verelft therefore thinks it would be an inconfif- 
 tency to fuppofe, that his Vlajefty could intend, that one part of his charter, which conftitutes 
 the Mayor's court of Calcutta, fhould have a power of trying all lofles of meum and tuum, 
 where the property of any of his fubjcdts was concerned, be the debt contrafted (and the perfons 
 prefent) in any place within the limits of trade ; and that the other conftituting courts, for the 
 redrcfs of greater grievances, where hisfubjects one with another werealfo concerned, Ihould in 
 any cafe be fo confined, as to leave their perfons and properties without redrefs. — Indeed, he 
 confiders the charter a more extenfivc good, defigncd for the happy government and protection 
 cf every individual of the Englifh nation refiding in any of thefe parts. 
 
 Secondly, He is of opinion, that the employing Englifh agents is much more eligible than 
 black gomaftahs ; for having experienced both, he can aver, that he has never had a complaint 
 atrainft any of his European agents, though he cannot fay fo much of the black gomaftahs, whofe 
 tyrannical and arbitrary dilpolitions, when in authority, do incline them to a fearch after their 
 own intereft, and a difregard to every means they may think moft convenient to promote it; nor 
 can the ftridieft eye over them, and even the infliction of puniflimcnt, root the evil out; whereas 
 he believes that few Europeans are without fome principles of honour and juftice, but fhoultJ- 
 there be a charadtcr void of them, he imagines fuch might eafily be detetled, and the power of 
 the Board prevent their being employed ; for he thinks it both right and ncccfiary, that every 
 European a^ ent going up the country fliould have the approbation and permiflion of the Board j 
 and if anv perfon be propofed to them, whofe charafter anddifpofttion they are any ways dubious 
 of, and who cannot give an ample and fufficient fecurity for his good behaviour, he thinks it 
 highly neceflary fuch perfcn ought to be objected to ; the fecurity might be refponlible for his 
 not interfering with the Nabob's officers, revenues, government, or any concerns belonging to 
 the natives ; but fliould the agents be ill ufed by them, his application for redrefs may be made to 
 the Chief of the neareft fubordinatc, or in cale of his not being in the neighbourhood of a fubor- 
 dinate, to the Prefident of Calcutta; and fliould an European agent, after this, be guilty of any 
 adt of a criminal nature, he thinks the Board have a right immediately to recall him, when he 
 may he profecuted for his offence: but fhouldMr. Verelft be erroneous in his opinion, in regard 
 to the execution of our laws in fuch cafes, not having a perfect copy of the charter to refer to, and 
 that fuch offences cannot be tried by our own laws, we have ftill a fufficient authority left of ad- 
 miniftering juftice by the Laws of this country; for if an agent, when up the country, is fuppoled 
 to be under his own native laws, he muft unavoidably be under the laws of the country he is in, 
 for it is impoffible that a fubjedt of any fociety can be unrefpunfible to all law; this method he 
 thinks the Nabob can have no objedtion to, though the oftence may be committed within part 
 of his government, where he fiiall be convinced how far it is only intended to give redrefs to his 
 fubjedts by the moft impartial juftice ; nor does he apprehend the injured native can difapprove 
 this method of redrefs, which he may without expence; when in the fame circurrftaiice, by 
 application to his court, he muft pay lo heavily for it ; and to prevent any objedtion being made 
 to the diftance that fuch complainants muft come for redrefs, a reafonable allowance for tlicir lofs 
 of time and cxpencc (which will alfo be a further check on agents) may be made to them by 
 the offender, or in cafe of his default by his fccurities. A few examples like th^fe he doubts 
 not would in a fliort time remove moft or all complaints againft European agents ; but he knows 
 no method that can be propofed to prevent the licentious behaviour of black gomaftahs. 
 
 Having thus far confidered the propriety of employing European agents or black gomaftahs, 
 Mr. Verelft begs leave to add, that it is his opinion a greater dependance may be made on gen- 
 tlemen of our own country, and a much greater advantage rqaped by the usdcr ttom tiieir fer- 
 
 vices; 
 
 I
 
 APPENDIX, No. 10. 
 
 vices ; and viewing it alfo in a political light, he thinks many very material benefits may arife from 
 the knowledge wc nuii;ht thereby gain of the country, its produces and trade, the cuftoms, man- 
 ner, and governrricnt of the people ; circumftances which we may ever remain ignorant of, if 
 black gomaftahs only are to be employed ; the benefits of the knowledge of which fpcak fo 
 itrongly for themfelves, that they need no comments thereon. 
 
 The liccntioufncfs of European agents that the Board mention s, in the circumftance of Barja 
 or Guchaout, ne is of opinion ought to be entirely prohibited ; and is furprifcd how fo extraoidi- 
 nary an opprellion has taken its rife, or was ever fufFered, if known to the employers of lucli 
 agents as are accufed of it. 
 
 Mr. Verclft therefore begs leave fummarily to obferve, that he is of opinion European agents 
 fhould be employed in preference to black gomailahs; and that fuch agents who have the approba- 
 tion and permiffion of the Board may be profecuted for any crimes or licentioufnefs they may 
 commit. 
 
 Mr. Cartier's Opinion. — Having perufed with much attention, and deliberately reflefted on the 
 purport of the confultation held in Fort William the 31! of Alav, I agree in opinion with the 
 majority of members .it the Board, as to the neceffity of recalling all European agents, Portuguefe, 
 and Armenians, refiding in the inland parts of the country, and employed by gentlemen in the 
 Company's fervice ; but that a dated time be allowed the gentlemen, as may be thought fuffi- 
 cient to conclude their affairs now in the hands of their feveral agents. The frequent com- 
 plaints which have been made by the officers of the government, of the great power and inde- 
 pcndcncv thefe agents affume in condudling their bulinefs, the abufes the natives are fubject to 
 from their caprice and uncontroulable authority, are the chief rcafons of my agreeing to the 
 above opinion : if we expccl the Nabob w II let about rcdrcfling the errors in his government, 
 he has a right to cxptiSl we fliould remove fuch in ours as may be particularly oppreilive on his 
 fubjecls : when private interefl:s interfere with public tranquillity, it ought to give place ; and 
 all methods that may tend to remove jealoufies ought to be purfued with vigour : the time of 
 European agents being allowed to go up the country is of a very late date, and has not been very 
 general till within thefe two years ; how agreeable this practice would prove to our honourable 
 mafters, it is mofl; probable wefhall have tiieir fentiments on the I'ubject by the ne.xtfhips. 
 
 John Cartier. 
 Mr. Johnfton's Opinion. 
 It is oblerved in the general opinion, that every method has been tried for carrying on the 
 inland trade upon fuch a footing as to prevent difputes between our agents and the country go- 
 vernment, cr between one agent and another ; yet I can recollect no method that has ever been 
 tried, but that which wa^ claimed and approved in the general council; viz. the appointing a 
 r-lidcnt for the diftricl of Rungporc, and referring difputes in other places to the nuareft Eng- 
 lifti factory : if the want of proper and explicit powers inverted in the refident there to take cog- 
 nizance and determine in thole matters, or his abufe of them, has given caufe for complaints 
 againft him by European .agents and gomaftahs, or of appeals to the Honourable Board for fur- 
 ther inftruclions for his future guidance, it is moft to be wondered at, but may be expeded in 
 all new regulations, which cannot be pcrfeiS at once, but by experience and frequent amend- 
 ments ; which furely ought firft to be endeavoured at, and 1 am far from imagining now more 
 than before to be imprafticable. 
 
 Inftead therefore of fo readily feizing and making an handle of the firft fquabbles, abufes, or 
 unjuftifiable proceedings of the Englifli agents and gomaftahs, on their conttfting the power of 
 the refident, or of the refident and his gomaftahs proceedings in their competition of intereft at 
 Rungporc, to entirely abolifti the regulation made for conducing the private trade in general 
 through the country, before we have had time to try the good effeiSls it is capable of producing, 
 v/ien carried into execution, it fliould much more reafonably occafion an enquiry to be made 
 into the proceedings of the parties complained againft, and that pn.per fecurity and reTentment 
 fhould be (hewn towards thofe who may be found to have tranfgrclTed. Scarce any laws have 
 been made without being liable to fome inconveniences and defedts ; fun ly when tins regulation 
 ■was ma<le, it was not (uppofed that caufcs of complaint would immediately ceale, and never 
 morecxift: but that this eftablifhcd method for examining into and fpeedily redrelTing them bid 
 faireft for corredling and leffening them in future : let government and proper reftrictions take 
 place by all means; but as all men are fallible, it is the more neceftary that the powers of ihofe 
 who govern, as well as the liberties of thofe who are governed, fliould be clearly and fully ex- 
 plained and prefcribed. 
 
 I ever difapproved of thofe regulations by which our inland trade and privileges in the country 
 were foeafily and precipitately given up to the lawlefs will of the Nabob CofTim Aly ; and 
 though white men are men, there ever will be abufes ; yet I am far from thinking it right, 
 thofe in general that have been complained of, but that have never yet, that I know of, been 
 properly examined into and proved, fhould be urged as eftabliftied fads, or be the grounds of 
 refolulions folikely to be produdive of the fame bad ctFecl: on our inland trade. It was re- 
 folved at that time, when fo many coinplaints were collected and produced before the Board, 
 that they fhould be properly enquired into, without being taken for granted, by the chiefs of 
 the factories the molt contiguous to thofe places, and by die refident at Rungpnor, whole ap- 
 pointment was principally on this account, in order no doubt that fatisfaftion might be given to 
 the fufferers, and example made of the offenders; which no one then thought either im- 
 praiSticable or beyond the power of the Governor and Council ; nor can 1 conceive how it 
 is become fo now, or that no obligations that can be entered into betwixt them and the Ku- 
 
 (J ropeans
 
 APPENDIX, No. lo. 
 
 ropeans can be binding, or penalties recovered of them, which feems to be urged as the 
 greateft difficulty and objeilion ; but though the whole refentment now meditated is likely to 
 tall on the Europeans alone, yet by that very colledion, and fince, I believe it will be 
 found that there are many more complaints againft the Bengal native gomaltahs for the 
 abufe of their power, than againft the European agents under whom they are employed ; yeC 
 if it is intended we fhould fupport our right to, and enjoy the advantages of, a fair and open 
 inland trade in future, the native gomaftahs, to be employed in managing fo confiderablc con- 
 cerns, muft have powers inverted in them like to thofe that are given to Englifh gentlemen, by 
 none of which do I imagine they are ever authorized to act with violence, injuflice, or 
 oppreffion to anyone. From their ideas of government, the conftitution of their country, 
 and the daily examples of their own people before their eyes, as well as from my own ex- 
 perience of their behaviour, I efteeni them equally liable and more prone to make a bad ufe of their 
 llations and powers in their tranfaiStions in the country, than our countrymen, and I wifli I 
 had no reafon to complain of their honefty ; however, it is plain that they may be rertrained 
 and furniflied by thefe very fame rules and laws now, when they adt fubordinate to an Euro- 
 pean agent ftationed up the country, as they can be when inverted with their powers imme- 
 diately from the Company's fervants, wherever they may chance to be ; nor do the rertraints 
 that we have upon them, with all the powers of a Zemindary or Cutchcrry Court, ap- 
 pear to me to be half lb great as thofe we have it in our power to impofe on tu/opeans. A 
 black fellow, if found clever and diligent in bufinefs, we fee never at a lofs for getting em- 
 ployment, though he may have impofed upon many mafters ; befides, being in his own country, 
 he can never be without refources ; but I think it very different with an Englifh agent, vvhofe 
 very bread and fortune muft depend upon the prote^ion, affiftancc, and employment, of the 
 Company, or of their fervants; and who, by depriving them of this, have it always in their 
 power to punifli thofe that behaved unworthily : — if fo unfurmountable an obftacle and fo many 
 difficulties prefent themfelves, merely for want of power in profecuting and punirtiing any 
 capital offences in Europeans, becaufe the rights of our charter extend only within the bounds 
 of our own fa£l;orics — judging as Engliftimen, is the difficulty Icfs, when we come to examine 
 by what legal authority we can proceed to try, and put the fame punifliments in force againft, 
 the natives that happen at this time to be under the Company's power, or who ad in affairs 
 of commerce within the Nabob's dominions ? — Perhaps the trueft anfwer can be given is, 
 that it is a neceffary exertion of power that we afliime, to prevent greater inconveniences, 
 and the bad effe£fs of fuft'ering crimes to go unpunifhed, which our power, now fo greatly 
 extended, won't longer admit of being fubmitted to another tribunal. 
 
 The arguing that our Englifh agents are not liable to be tried by our laws for any crimes 
 they commit in thofe parts, and that this is the fource of thofe evils, makes equally ftrong 
 againft the Company's employing their fervants without the limits of their charter ; but they 
 have never yet declared on this account that they debar their fervants from employing any 
 agents they pleafe, and thereby (baring on the advantages of trade they themfelves enjoy 
 in this country, merely from the poffibilitv of their committing capital crimes. — I believe there 
 are few, if any, of our nation, ftand accufed of any other principles ; and other checks have in 
 this refped anfwered all the purpofes of a penal law. What fecurity do the Company yet re- 
 quire for the good behaviour of their fervants, in their dealings with the natives, that the free 
 merchants have not given, or that the Board are not at liberty to require, or greater, if they 
 think proper, on the part of thofe Europeans fent up the country ? Extortion, violence, and 
 puniftiments inflicted of their own authority, and Aich like abufes, if not profccutable in the 
 Mayor's court or Cutcherry, yet the agents and their conftituents may be bound down by 
 fuch penalties, in cafe of bad behaviour, as to render this a greater check and reftraint than 
 tt-e common profe:utions at law, befides their being recalled and never again permitted to 
 pet their bread in that employ, or, if the Board think proper, fent home. While Meffrs. Van 
 Sittart and Haftings carried on their trade, none in the fcttlement had fo many European 
 agents in their fervice up the country as thev, and fome of thefe, if we credit the repre- 
 fentations lodt^ed againft them, particularly Muftapha and Mr. Moore at Rungpoor, carrieti 
 it with as hi.ih a hand as any others that have been charged with an abufe of the power and 
 name of the"£n»lifti : while thefe gentlemen were carrymg on their trade in its greateft ex- 
 tent, and had not declared their intentions of going home, I do not recollect that their 7.cal 
 for the Englifh name, which in their former political tranfadions and treaties has been fo 
 little confidered, gave occalion to any propofals for recalling all Englifli agents : — that they 
 promote it when their affairs are colleding in, and themfelves not lilwcly much longer to be 
 interefted in the confcquence, is not ftrange ; while it will be urged to our honourable mafters, 
 as a proof how much before they were in the right, in their famous paper of new regula- 
 tions, in facrificing to the public tranquillity, as they may fay, oi/r privileges of a fjce in- 
 land trade, &c. Sec. and all the reft that then difapprovtd it, and planned this regulation, 
 were in the wron(r : yet what are the unfurmountable difficulties that have arifen fince, I am 
 at a lofs to conceive: if fo extenfive a private trade was conduded well and prudently by 
 Mr. Van Sittart's agents, there is ftill as much reafon to exped it may be yet conduded 
 difcreetly for others, by men whofe chan.ders are to be approved of by the Board, and when 
 thefe regulations and obligations are put in force. I am well convinced with what jealous 
 eyes the government's people and country merchants look on us fince we became fharers 
 in the inland trade, which formerly they carried on alozie, and how ready the officers and 
 
 coUcdors
 
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 10. 
 
 coUeftors arc to complain, exaggerate, and mifreprefcnt the troft trifling circumftances agairift 
 any of our people, that can ferve tor an excufe for their not paying up for their collections ; 
 yet the longer we defer examining and confronting them, the more will thofe excul'es be 
 pleaded and fuppofed as true. Let it therefore be firmly refolved, that they in hiture be 
 fairly tried ; and fatisfadion, fuch as the Hoard in fuch cafes ihall think meet, be duly given 
 on the offenders The number of complaints and cauCes would foon, I believe, mucti dimi- 
 nifh, when it is one made publicly known to the tJoveriiment's ofiicerj, and to the country 
 people every where, that it is our refolution to proteiit them, and redrefs their grievances in 
 their tranfaefioni with our agents. Sic. and a method pointed out to them how they mav have 
 jultice. Daily experience pcrfuades me thcfe people will not be backward in their appli- 
 cation to our courts ; or that an agent can long continue to cxercife opprcllioii or rapine 
 without being found out and convidled, at the hazard of his bread. This 1 think fufficient; 
 to obviate any objeflions drawn from the difficulties the Hoard mull always be unt'er, as 
 to the dilHnguifhing who are proper people to be permitted to go up, from i^jnorance of 
 characters, and from the valuablenefs of the fame men, who in fuch Situation aiit very dif- 
 ferently from what they have dune in other Nations, becaufc their actions, it is evident, an 
 neither be long difguifcd or concealed. Hut can it be wondered at, Hiould many of the irre- 
 gularities, abul^'s, and opprelTions, complained oi, have adfually been commutL-d, v/hile we 
 have neitlier taken cognizance, punifhed, or inquiied into, ourfelves, any wno could have 
 been convicted ; nor would permit the government's people to ufe the fame methods as before 
 the revolution 1757, for doing themfelvcs jultice, or obtaining l'atisfa£lion, by a reference to 
 any of their own magiftrates .' ■ As for my own part, I neither def:re to fcrecn Jior to fupport Mr. 
 Pollock, nor any that I have had dealings with, for mildemeaiiors that can be made appear, 
 cither paft nor to come ; his being particularized in the complaints that has given rife to the 
 prefeiK proceeding, will, I hope, excufe me to the board fur producing other inftanc-s in this 
 cafe, and pointing out in return, that iVJr. Mcore was then fupported by 25 Seapoys befides 
 his peons, Sec. ; and by Mr. Jckyil's own reprefentations on that very letter, had, with the 
 a.TiRance of Captain Daw, fettled and recovered all his demands for lofles, and who, it 
 vould appear, overawed the Rungpoor Phoufdar, fci as not to dare tocomplam oracknowici»-e 
 any thing about it. 
 
 As I have declared my difapprobation aJready of every abufe the Engligfh agents, as well as 
 thofe goma{cahs that are employed under them, have made or may make of thfrir power, I am 
 ihe readier to a^ree to the tying them diiwn by every reflritStion that reafon and prudence can 
 di(itate, as muft likely to correct the like in future; by bounding their powers in regard to the 
 force they Ihould keep, badges, Chubdar fticks, &c. and never to allow ihem to punilh or 
 redrefs themfelvcs at their own hands, but oblige them to fubmit their complaints every where 
 to the chiefs and rtfldents ; when theyiliould be publicly tried, entered, and ret^iftcred in books 
 for that purpcfe ; and liberty, in fuirs to a certain amount, for appealing to the governor an4 
 council. 1 would recal all thofe who are known to have behaved bidly heretofore, and without 
 t'atist'iiStory proofs of their innocence, would not permit luch 10 letuin again ; allow noni 
 but men of good fame to go up, either to lefide in any part of the country, or to conduiSt 
 fleets J 2nd oblige them and their employers to give fuch ffcurity as that damages could 
 always be recovered of them in cafe of Dad beh.iviour. Should thofe meafurcs prove in- 
 effectual, we may then think of adopting others ; but for vague and general complaints an<i 
 afperfions, or for the ofFences of a few, without an effort made to examine and rectify them, 
 to take a refoluiion fo injuiious to the rights ^ind trade of c»ery Company's fervant, ami to thei 
 Britiili lubjects under tiic Company's pioiectiun, appear to me highly improper : — The fupport 
 of thefe and our other privileges, in their full extent, againll the ufurpations of the late Nabob, 
 engaged us in this unhappy war, and after I'o many valuable lives loit in the defence of then, 
 .1 fhall ever be againit parting with them, orhizareing the lofs of them, without greater and 
 better caufe than has yet appeared 5 tfld till after we have found by e.xprience that all other 
 remedies are in vain. 
 
 It mutt he well known, to all who have had their concerns managed at the difcretion of 
 Bcna-a! gomartahs at a diltawce, what embez:.kments a'ld deceits they are guilty of; and that 
 temptation to mak= away with their employers money is ftrongcr than any fear of corporal 
 puniihment or imprifonmcnt ; which they (ubmit to for year> fboncr than refund; as )ot 
 
 neither death nor lofs of cafh has been annexed to their breach of truft : Js it to be 
 
 expected their fidelity and modcraion in the cxercife of their trults will be incrcafed, by 
 knowing that wc are without other recourfes obliged to employ them alone.' I'o oblige us 
 therefore to tru'l our foitunes folely to the fidelity of black fervants, over whom we have 
 fo little rank, rather ihan the conduct and difcretion of men that we ourlelvci, it i^ prefumid, 
 ought to know; who are to be judged of and approved by the Hoard, who have their honour, 
 character, and their future fuccefs, at (lake, in my humble opinion, is neither right nor 
 falutary. 
 
 I fubfcribc to the difTent of MefTrs Middlctonand Burdctt to the firfi refolution of them.ijority, 
 which I think they have fupported with very good and true reafon : — In the fecond, 1 think the 
 orders regarding the flopping the opprcflions by Haya and Cajaat arc very proper : but if any 
 fuch methods arc ufed over the weavers employed in furnilhing the Company's invcftmcnt, I 
 
 P imagine
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. II. 
 
 imao-ine it muft be equally their intereft, and for the honour of their name, that fnch methods 
 ihoiTld in future Ve prohibited finally; fuch relolutions feem more cfpecially premature at prefent, 
 after the jreat lofles that the fervants, whofe fortunes were circulated in the inland trade, have 
 and do fuftain by the troubles, and by the yet diflant and uncertain profpcift they have of re- 
 Ititutioii, and the narrow bounds prefcribed to their claims ; and above all, confidering; that 
 this affair has been already fo lately heard and determined in a General Council, and the Com- 
 pany's rinal regulations, to whofe determination it has been referred, may be fo foon expeded. 
 Burd'wane, John Johnstone* 
 
 the 4th July, 1764 
 
 Mr. Watts's Opinion. 
 Mr. Watts agrees with the general opinion in the confultation of the 3d of May, for re- 
 callino' the Knsililh, Portu^fuele, and Armenian agents ; but as by this flep the gentlemen 
 Rationed at the fubordinates ani relldencies, will have it in their power to monopolize ttie 
 trade to themfelves, he tniiiics it ought to be guarded againft ; and therefore propoles that we 
 have pcrinilfion to fend European ajcnts to relidc at the fubordmate taclories and refidencies ; 
 ai\d tlie better to prevent their interfering wth the country government, they fhould not be 
 allowed to go to adjacent mariccts, villages, or cities without the leave of the chief, neither ihould 
 they be fufFered to feize any pykars or others, but to apply to the chief for the rfdrefs of any 
 grievances. Calcutta, the 25th June 1764. 
 
 Mr. Senior's Opinion. 
 The ordering down of Europeans has Ijeen a matter of long debate, and which I was ever of 
 opinion would" be the only means for tifablifhing of peace and tranquillity in the country. 
 Mv former fuuation at Dacca gave me a much greater opportunity than moft of the gentlemen 
 in the fcrvicc to fee the iieccfTuy of (uch a ftep, as appears by my frequent remonifrances to the 
 board on the fubjcct ; and fince I have been at ColTimjuzar, complaints of the like kind have been 
 more frequent, particularly from Rungpoor, Denagepoor, and the diftricts of the Ratfoy Raja, 
 lilf whereof I lu/w eiiclofe for the honourable Bo^ru's uifpection. 1 will allow that many of 
 them m.i/ appear both frivolous and unjuft, as it is not to be doubted but the cou.itry people 
 will take every opportunity to depiive ui of a trade they regard as ufurped ; yet 1 am well ca'- 
 vinced th.it fome of them are not without foundation, as 1 made it my bufiiicfi to fend Hir- 
 carras to feveral of the places mentioned, to make the inquiry, before I would give my judg- 
 ment on fo iiiterefting an occafion. I fhould be very forry to be the means of depriving lb 
 many of our nation of the benefits they now receive, by being employed as agents up the 
 country as i have a great regard for many of them, and believe of uncxcepuonable characters; 
 but as I do not find that any method can be fixed on to curb the lictiuioufneu of otners, or to 
 keep fuch as are worthy only in our employ, I am thereore of opini' n that a general removal 
 Jhould take place, agreeable to the refolution of the board of the 3d of May laft. 
 
 A. Wm. Senior. 
 
 Read the Company's orders on this fubject, contained in the 20th, 2i(t, 22d, 2ji, 24th, and 
 25th paragraphs of their letter of the 8th of January 1764. 
 
 Incokqueiice of thefe opinions and orders, it is 
 
 Refolved, that all European agents be recalled ; and that they do leave the refpective place* 
 of their relidence in the country, in fuch time as to arrive in Calcutta, by the 31 It uf December. 
 
 Ordered, that notice be accordingly pubhfhed here, and at dll the luborJiiMie fat-tories, re- 
 quirino- the conftituents of all fuch agents to pay due obedience theieto, and tranfmit to them 
 in time the proper information and orders. And 
 
 Agreed, thai a fchemc be prepared for reftraining and carrying on the inland trade, agreeably 
 to the fpirit of the Company's orders. 
 
 No. II, 
 
 Company s Letter to Bengal 8t/} February 1764. 
 8. TN the courfe of our enquiry into thefe tranfactions, we obf.rve, one Cole, faid to bs a wri- 
 
 JL ter, is complained of, tor that at Munaur Gunge Haut, which produces annually j 2, oco 
 ruoees he had turned out ail the inhabitants, in order to build an houfe, as fet forth in a leiter 
 entered after confultation of the i8th of October 1762; who this Cole is we are not informevj, 
 but let him be whom he may, you arc to make a ftiict enquiry into the faid outrage ; and if you 
 hnd him guilty of it, you are, in the firll place, to oblige him to make a fuitable and ample 
 fatisfaclion to the injured parties, and then immediately feird him away to Europe. 
 
 q. We further find, that feveral perfons reliding under the prefidency of Bengal, as well free 
 meVchants as others, have conducted themfelves very unwarrantably, carrying ontheir trade in 
 feveral parts of the country, in the mofl uncontrouhble manner, and thereby expofing the Com- 
 pany's valuable privileges to the greateft detriment and hazard ; fome of whofe names, who 
 appear the molt remarkable, are MefTieurs Chevalier Texeyra, Ivy, Motte, Kobmfon, and the 
 before mentioned Cole ; with refpedl to free merchants, they certainly by fuch behaviour for- 
 feit their covenants, and as to others, they have no right to the Company's pro:ection, efpe- 
 cially if they are guilty of the irregularities laid to their charge ; we (hall therefote leave it to 
 you to make a general enquiry into the behaviour of fuch perlbns who refidc any where under 
 
 . your
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 12. 13, 14, 15. 
 
 yniir prefidency ; and if you find their behaviour has been, or fliall be, fuch as may be really 
 detrimental to the Company, you are to withdraw our protection trom them, and fend them 
 away from Bengal as loon as you (hall think fit, giving us from time to time an account of your 
 proceedings with rcfpect to every luch prcfon. 
 
 23. As Jio agents or gomaftahs are to refide, on account of private trade, at any of the inland 
 (parts of the country, all bufinefs on account of licenced private trade is to be carried on by and 
 through the means of the Company's covenant fcrvants, rcfident at the fcveral fubordinatc fac- 
 tories as has beenufual. 
 
 No. 12. 
 
 Fort William, the 20th May 1765. 
 General Confultatton. 
 A GREED and ordered, in confequencc of the proceedings of the Committee laid before the 
 ■^ * board laft council day, that public advertifemcnt be made, enforcing our orders already given 
 for the return of the Englirti, l^ortuguefe, and Armenian agents, employed in the different 
 parts of the country, to the Prcfidcncy ; and requiring .ill whoever, moft Urictly, to arrive by 
 ihe firll of Ahgull ; and their conltitucnts to give theui due notice accordingly. 
 
 No. 15. 
 
 To Mr. Maltby. 
 SIR, 
 T Am dircdcd by the Select Committee to acquaint you. That, in confequence of the bad ft-jtc 
 ■*■ of your health, which you reprefent, four months, from the 2illinflint, will be allowed 
 you for colJcdting in your affairs ; at the expiration of winch, jou arc required to repair with- 
 out further notice to Calcutta. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 Fort William, the Your moft obedient Servant, 
 
 27th June 1765. (Signed) A. Camfbell, S. S. C-. 
 
 No. 14, 
 
 To the Right honourable LordClive, Prefideiit and Governor, he. Council at Fort William. 
 My Lord ami Gentlemen, 
 
 HAVING, in obedience to the directions of the Secret Committee, tranfmittcd us under 
 date the 15th uito. for the recal of all Englifli agents, fent orders to all fuch as we know 
 of, refiding in parts contiguous to Dacca, and to thofe who are employed by us at Gualpar- 
 jaw, for their return to Calcuua in the ipace of one nioiuh ; we niuil now, my Lord and Gtn- 
 tkmen, from a lull conviction of the real and great inconveniences and lolTes that will attend 
 us, as well as fome of thofe agents by us employed, on lo fudden and immediate a recal, in- 
 trcat that a longer fpace of time may be allowed the following geiulcmcii, for the fettling 01" 
 their bufinefs, or putting it on fuch a footing as we their employers may be as little fuffereis as 
 pofTilile; and we are more particularly urgent in behalf of thofe gentlemen refiding atGuilpar- 
 jaw, from the impollibility of having that branch of bulinefs tr.inliitted by the natives, without 
 i'uflenng vtry confiderable loffes on account ot the great diltance, and their being free from all 
 check and tontroul of their employers ; and we do willingly confciit and agree, on fuch in- 
 duig'-iice being fhewn us, to be relponfible for the prudent conduct of our refpedlivc agtnts. 
 
 We are now to requelt, my lord and gaitlemcn, ttut the additional fpace of time you may 
 be pleafed to allow the following agents may be lengthened to the undermentioned term, froQi 
 .the date of granting the fame. 
 
 To Mr. John Corfar at Gaulparrau, four months. 
 Mr. Robert Crawford, ditto ditto. 
 
 "Mr. James Galloway at Corrigong, two months. 
 'We are with due rtfpect, my Lord xnu Gentlemen, 
 
 Your ir.oll obedient humble Servants, 
 Dacas, JoHM Cartier, 
 
 the 8th June 1765. Fr a? Char lton, 
 
 Tho' FRI:KC;^, 
 
 ^VlLkf" SHtWtN. 
 
 No. 15. 
 
 To Juliii Cartier, Efquire, Chief, &c. Council at Dacca. 
 Cjcntlemen, 
 
 WE have received your letter of the 8th inftint, to the Prefidcnt and Council, which ought 
 to have been addreffcd to the Seledf Commiitcc. 
 To evince how ready we are to grant every reafonabic indulgence to thofe free merchants, 
 cfpecially who arc employed as agents for ;he Company's fcrvants, we do coiifcnt to CXtCJid the 
 time tor their return to the prefidcncy to four months, as you requeft. 
 
 At
 
 APPENDIX, No. i6, 17, 18. 
 
 At the fame time we muft acquaint yon, that wc are determined to put in execution the 
 Company's orders, though with all poflible regard for the intereft of individuals ; and we defire 
 you will inform the gentlemen of this our rcfolution. 
 
 Fort William, We are with great regard, Gentlemen, 
 
 14th June 1765. Your mod humble Servants. 
 
 No. i^. 
 
 To the Right honourable Lord Clive, Prefident and Governor, &c. Gentlemen of the Selctft 
 
 Committee at Fort William. 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 A /IR. James Hirgrave, who has refided fome trme at Rungpur, in order to finifli fome con- 
 •^*-*- cerns there belonging to Mr. Henry Vanfittart, acquaints us, that there are IHII outftand- 
 ing fcveral fums of money due from the people of that place for goods fold to rhem, and which 
 he apprehends will be recovered with great difficulty, or probably lolf, it he is obliged to quit 
 the place diredlly. 
 
 VVe therefore take the liberty to requcff, you will grant him permiifion to refide there three 
 or four months longer, which he informs us will be time fufficient for the purpofe. 
 We are with great refpedt, my Lord and Gentlemen, 
 Fort 'William, Your moft humble Servants, 
 
 the iSth June j;65. Geo. Van SiTTART, 
 
 ii£NRY Plowman. 
 
 "No. 17. 
 
 To the Right honourable Lord Clive, Prefident and Governor, lie. Gentlemen of the Selcft 
 
 Committee. 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 TMmcdiately upon your order, regarding Europeans coming down from the counirv, I wrote to 
 ■*■ thofe who were employed by me, either on my own account, or oji account of the efliiie 
 of the deceafcd Mr. Robert Brown, to whom I am executor, that thsy fhould make all dif- 
 patch in fimfhing their bufinefs, foas to be here by the hril of Auguft, if it was in their power, 
 without fufFering any very great lofs ; but notvvithllanding of this, there is one George Berner 
 at Camp, colledling in money belonging to Mr Brown's ellate, being from tlience to come to 
 Caragolaupon the (anie account, where it will be neceffary for him to remain a few months per- 
 haps, if I can fo far obtain your indulgence for him. There is alfo one Peter Petropoly, who went 
 up with a fleet of fait, belonging to Mr. Billers and me, who has very lately flopped with the 
 returning boats at Nabobgunge, where it will be abfolutely necefiary to repair them befor? they 
 can be brought any further; a Ilk; indulgence for him therefore I (hall elfeem as a particular 
 favour. 
 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, I further moft humbly beg the favour and proteflion for two per- 
 fons of this country, called Urban Saft'er and Johannes Boedcl ; thc-y entered into contradi with 
 me, on the 2d day of April laft, under a very confiderahle penalty too, to tranfjiort a large 
 quantity of fait to Patna, for which at a great charge they have now got the boats ready, and 
 are loading. 
 
 They will be obliged to make two or more trips, ?nd of courfs take feveral months before 
 they will be able to finifli their contract; but as vheir bufinefs is not to trade, but only to 
 attend and take care of their boats, and the fait in them, they will want only your permifTioii 
 to purchafe provifions, and to be allowrd every neceflary alTilfance that they may need, as they 
 ZO along, on their faithfully and honeftly paying for the fame, 
 1 have the honour to be, with the utmoft refpedt, 
 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 Calcutta, Your mofl obedient humfcle Servant, 
 
 ihe j8th Juiy 1765. Arch") Keir. 
 
 No. 18. 
 
 To Mr. Archibald Keir. 
 
 I 
 
 Sir, 
 
 Am direcled by the members of the Seled Committee to acquaint you, that the feveral 
 ai'ents you employ in coUeifliMg your own afFairs, and thofe of the fftatc of the late Mr. 
 Brown, will b* allowed to refide three months after the 2ift il^:^ant for that purpofe ; that the 
 time neceflary for repaiiingyour boats at Nabobgunge will be granted to Peter Petropoly; and 
 that the perfons with whom you have contracted to convey your fait to Patna will be (iif}Vipd 
 to fulfil their contracts, and to go up and down the river unmoleftcd, provided they confine 
 ihemfelves ftridly to that objetS. 
 
 I ^m, Sir, 
 Fort William, Your moft obedient Servant, 
 
 the nth July 1765. (Signed) A. Campbell, S. S. C. 
 
 No. 19.
 
 APPENDIX, No. 19, 20, 21. 
 No. i^. 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Clive, Prcfident and Governor, &c. Gentlemen of the Select 
 
 Committee. 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 TJAVING been jointly concerned with the late Mr. Billers in fait made in the coUaries of 
 J- J- the Honourable Company, which was all intended for the market of Paina, and being 
 now the only furvivmg partner, I molt humbly beg your permiffion tor leave to go and refide 
 at that place till the joint ftoclc fhall be all fold, and that 1 fhall have colieded tht- produce of 
 the fales. Your favour in this will very greatly oblige me ; who have the honour to be, with 
 the utmoft refped. 
 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 
 Your moli obediLut humble fervant, 
 Calcutta, the 7th Auguft, 1765. Archibald Keir. 
 
 No. 20. 
 
 To Mr. Archibald Keir. 
 Sir, 
 
 T Laid your letter this morning before the Gentlemen of the 5e\eQ. Committee now in Calcutta, 
 A and have their diredions to acquaint you, that they do not think themfJvcs impowcred, in 
 the abfence o( a majoiity of the mt-uibcrs, to j:rant you an indulgence, exprei.-ly contrary to 
 the late pofitive refulutKjn of the whole Committee, anJ the peremptory orders of the Court of 
 Directors, 
 
 However, that in confideration of the peculiar circumftances you fct forth, they v/ill Imme- 
 diately forward your letter to Lord Clive and the other members, and requelt their opinion on 
 tije fubject of your application. 
 
 I am, Sir, 
 Your moll obedient fervant, 
 Fort William, loth Auguft, 1765. (Signed) A. Campbhll, S. S. C. 
 
 No. 
 
 21 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Clive, Baron of Plafley, &c. ^c. Prtfidcnt and Governor, &c. 
 
 Select Committee. 
 Mv Lord and Gentlemen, 
 
 Nor having had no further notice taken of the letter which I had the honour to write you 
 in Augult la(t, 1 had flattered myfelf with the hopes that my cafe, which you were p'eafed 
 to fay (hould be coiifidered of, would have been found fuch by you, as to have excepted rr.e 
 out of your lait genera! order, touching ficc merchants rcfuhng here. 13ut as I find, by what 
 was notified to me to day, that my foimcr repreftntation has not had the effect which I ex- 
 pefled from it, I muft ;igain beg your indulgence in flating my cafe to you in a more full ani 
 particular manner than v\!iat 1 have yet done, which I hope you will have the patience anl 
 goodnefs to hear. 
 
 Mv fituation and circumftances are very widely different from that of any other private tr.idcr 
 in Bu-ngal, 1 believe ; for ^may iultly and truly be confidered as a coiKp.'mv'i mciihant, w)io 
 li^s bought a very large parcel of goods tor a certain market, under direction of a chief and 
 council, Vhcre 1 only w<int liberty to fell thein : (di- J hired the Kallaru^ of the Jluiiourabh: 
 Company at a very advanced price, mo:e than what any meichant who had before had ihetii 
 ■would venture to give (hem, m the year 1762 . again in the year 1763, in conjunaion uith 
 the decealed \Villi.^m Billcrs, Elquire, I hired them a lecond time, at a Itill higher rate- and 
 the fait of thefe two years remains now on my hands, ro the quantity of th.-ee Lcks. But it 
 the time when thofe Kellarus were taken, there was not the fmalleft intimation of people's b<.iii.' 
 hindered going ui) the country to difpufe of goods j of courfe iheie tciild l>c no occalion foi mv 
 Hipulations on induigeme ; which would certainly have never been diiiied nic, as it is we',] 
 J.iiown thit every encouragement that can be given vvjs always -^r.mted to thofe who bought 
 goods of the Honourable Company, for this reafon, I have aUays h.fd dullics with im (ait • 
 :ind this was the reafon, I believe, which (o readily engaged your' Luidfl.ip, &;c. to giantiuy 
 lequeft in June lall, when I applied to you on account of thofe who had contracted wiTh nie (or 
 liberty to cairy up my fait. What favours or ir.dulgencies you may be pleated to flicv/ to ^.lllcf^' 
 CO not at all concern me ; yet I cannot lie'.p obfirving, th.it if any private p: 1 (orii aie 10 be in- 
 dulged in this r> fpe^t, xxhethcr as tervaiits to the lervants of the Honourable Conipanv, or even 
 on account of the Society of Trade, or oiherwife, a Company's merchant v/.ll not le thou -ht 
 uJiworihy of the lavour of being allowed to fell his goods (which he bought of the Company fin 
 the belt manner he can; more efpccially if it be confii'ered, that for that purpofc he requeft* 
 only leave to refide at a chictfhip ; and that he is ready to enter into any bond, under ar.y 
 penalty, that he Ihall neither diredlly or indireilly, meddle with the country govcrnmcni a: all 
 as I am ready to do whenever you think proper to require it ; nay, 1 will even obl/ue myfelf i,' 
 
 be
 
 APPENDIX, No. 22. 
 
 be in every reTpecl under the orders of the Chief and Council here, provided only I have but free 
 liberty to flay and difpofe of my fait, with the protedlion of the Honourable Company.— That 
 I did not apply to you for this indulgence at the time when I wrote to you for thofe who were 
 to brin" uo my f.dt, was, becaufe Tdid not then know that I f^iould have had any occafion at 
 all to have'afked fuch a favour ; for about that time I made propofais to the executors of the 
 deceafed Mr. Billers, either to difpofe of the joint ftock themfclves at Patna, or to fell it to me; 
 which laft, being thout^ht by them moft beneficial for the eftate, was accepted of, on my giving 
 bond and fccurity for the payment of the money ; you will th^is plainly perceive, therefore, that 
 the neceffity of my Having at Patna is not entirely of my own feeking ; nor would I have given 
 you fo much trouble, 'in thus earneftly requefting fuch a favoitr, if my own fortune, as well as 
 that of otl-.crs, to a very confiderable amount, did not fo greatly depend upon it. 
 
 My Lord and Ocntlcmen, You will perhaps alledgc, that I may confign my fait to any gen- 
 flemen of the fat'tory here, and that it will be as well laken ^.are of as it could were I prefcnt : 
 but firft, ;ts to the care, f fliould beg leave to differ from you ; for though I have the higheft 
 opinion of the worth and inte-^rity of moU of the gentlemen here, yet 1 can never imagine that 
 any, who have fo much bufinefs of their own and the Company, would ever be able, were they 
 ever fo wiilin'r, to p ly that care and attention to myconcerns as I fhould domyfelf ; as to felling, 
 inde( d it is eafiiy done, and requires littk more than inte;;rity ; but for receiving and delivering 
 fuch a'quantity "f ^^^^•> '^''^''^ ''' '•"^"^''y ^"'^ trouble to undergo, more than what I iliall ever 
 truft to any other perfon in fo large a concern, unlefs 1 am abfolutcly obliged to it ; there is 
 in this, however, another matter which you may perhaps lefs attend to than me, and thit is 
 commiiHon, which 1 am to he under a neceffity of paying, if I am not permitted to remain ; for 
 commiiiion. where it will amount to feveral tnoufand pounds fterling, as it would on the fair 
 1 have to difpofe of, !s .mi object too confiderable for one of my fortune to give up, if I can 
 any ways poflibly avoid it. 
 
 Mv Lord and Gentlemen, I am e.xtremely fcnfible of the juftice of your orders in general, 
 of the fervice it vvill be to ilio Homiurable Company, and of the neceffity there is for fteadinefs 
 in all the oid-rn you give, without the appeaiance or even fhadow of partiality to any one: [ 
 :'m fenijble alio of the difnciilty you labour under, (hould you be difpofed to favour me, though 
 merely in confideriuion of the equity and juflnefs of my cafe; for the malicious and half-in- 
 formed, v/ho are much the greeted part of mankind, are ever ready to impute to wrong caufes, 
 and coiTJplain of their fupcriors, wherever they lee favours granted to others, in which they are 
 not themfelves (harcrs ; yet, if you aie as much convinced of the equity and reafonablenefs of 
 my requeft, as I would fain hope you and every impartial perfon will be who hear and attend 
 to my circumltances, you will find but little trouble, I imagine, to obviate every difficulty of 
 that kind ; will it not be reckoned prefumption, or may I venture to give a hint of what occurs 
 to me on that head .' You have appointed private people agents in the country for the affairs 
 of the Society of Trade ; and though the agency of this place, which will be very confiderable, 
 will moft probably be intrutted with the gentlemen of the fadory there, yet, if you thought 
 r'jvoper, vou might either name me as one of them, or if ic were but clerk to the others 1 ftiould 
 be entirely fatistied, and efteem it a favour, or if that could not be done, I (hould be contented 
 ,ito be ao-ain appointed furgcon in the fervice, with liberty to remain here till a vacancy (hould 
 'tTnappcnf which J believe will be very foon, Mr. FuUerton having informed me, that his in- 
 Ytention'is not long to continue here ; and this is a favour which 1 flatter myfi-lf will not be re- 
 futed me, both in conlideration of what I have already alledged, and in confideration of my 
 havin"- formerly fo long ferved the Honourable Company in that^ation, and of my having 
 remained twice in India when I was going home, once at the requefl of this Prefidcncy, and 
 once at tliat of Fort St. George. 
 
 I (hall be willin<', in fhort, to fubmit to any thing by which I may be able to prove to you 
 the very great refped with which I have the honour to be. 
 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 P2(P3 Your moft obedient, moft humble fervant, 
 
 i-jth Oa. 1765. Archibald Keir, . 
 
 No. 22. 
 
 To Mr. Archibald Keir. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 IN Anfwer to your addrer^ to the Select Committee, the 17th Inftant, lam dlreded to ac- 
 quaint }ou, that, in teftimony of the regard they pay to your particular circumftances, the 
 right honourable the Prefident and members confent to your rcm.nning at Patna till the firft 
 day of January next, at which time they will order a Company's fervant to take charge, and 
 difpofe of your fait to the heft advantage. 
 
 This is an indul<rence that has been extended to you alone; and a farther allowahce of time 
 they cannot grant,°without deviating fiom, and fruftrating the cfFedls.of, fuch an order, which 
 
 admits of no exceptions. 
 
 I am. Sir, 
 Fort William, Your moft obedient fervant, 
 
 the ift November 1765. (Signed) A. Cambell, S. S. C. 
 
 Ko, 2^
 
 APPENDIX, No. 23, 24. 
 
 No. 25, 
 
 T» Akxander Campbell, Efquire, Secretary to the Selca Committee. 
 
 Sir, 
 T Have this day received the letter you favoured me with the firft inftant, by order of the 
 -■- CoRimittee ; be pieafcd to return my mod humble aclcnowlej;emcnts to the rijht honourabl^i 
 the Preftdent and members for the indulgence they have granted me; acquiiiit them at the fame 
 time, that as this, they fay, has proceeded from a teftimony of their reoard to my particular cir- 
 cumftances, I ftill fl.itter myfcif that the fame regard to julficc and equity will further engage 
 them to think of fome more effeftual method to alTilt and relieve me; for I am ftill u/ider the 
 greateft anxiety with the thoughts of being obliged to leave this by the ill January next, which 
 it will be impofBbie fjr me to do without a very grca< lofs and hurt to my fortune. 
 
 I am. Sir, 
 
 Patna, Your moll obedient humble fcrvant, 
 
 9th Nov. 1765. Archibald Keir. 
 
 No. 24. 
 
 To the horr^'jrable Lord Cli ve, Prefidant, &c. Members of the SeleiSl Committee. 
 Mv Lord and Giinlemen, • 
 
 I WAS honoured with your anfwcr to my letters the 17th Oilober, by that from your Secre- 
 tary of the ift November hll ; your having therein granted ir.e a fnull iiiJulicace \n telli- 
 mony of your regard to the peculiarity of my circumftaiiccs, and ni-;iiti!)iitd that you would or- 
 der a Company's fervant to take charge of my affairs : 1 in return made vou my nioft humble 
 acknowledgements, and wrote to Mr. Campbell, that, the fame circumltances itill fubfiftmg, 
 I ftill alfo flattered myfelf with your further confideration and induljjjfnce; but the month 01 
 January being now well advanced, without any reply, or my hsaiing of any orders bemg ilFued 
 with regard to me, I muft once more take the liberty to trouble you, that 1 may know your 
 final and peremptory rcfolutinn, which, whcii 1 receive, 1 am refolved to obey aud conioim to 
 with the utmoft expedition polTible. 
 
 My lord and gentlemen, when before 1 bad the honour to aJdrcfs you, I endeavoured to ftjte 
 my cafe to )ou in the bell and molt didindt manner 1 was capable of, which I am afraid was 
 but badly enough, feeing ihat it feems to have had (o very little cfFe6l ; it is true, my intention 
 then was rather to create your favour and indulgence, tl;an with clear and folid arguments to 
 aflcrt to you the juftice of mvcaufe: I did imagine, indeed, that it being of itfeif clear and 
 evident, and fufiiciently underftood by your Lordftiip, &c, I fhou'd thus more have recom- 
 mended myfelf to your favour and protcdlion, than if I had exprclfcd myfelf othcrwife, in 
 claiming a right, which I have the moft juft and undoubted title to ; but as it has happened 
 contrary to my cxpeiSlations, and that I hope it is not yet too late, I (hall beg leave to rcprefent 
 ill the moll refpecllul manner, that having made a fair and open bargain with the Honourable 
 Company for a large quantity of goods, with condition and permiflion at the time of purchafe 
 to lell and difpcle of the lame under their protection, and at any of their fadtories; 1 look upon, 
 and believe all the world befides would look upon it, as a moft manifcil violation both of j-ultice 
 and equity, Ihould I be dtprived of this my juft right, under any pretence whatever. The falc 
 was made in the moil public manner; Sic. Rupees, 10 per hundred maunds, and 30 and 10 
 for each kellary, bcfidcs the price to the Alolungus and all other charges : I purchaled and paiit 
 for this fait with defign and intention to fell the fame at Patna, or any other faiTljry of the 
 Companv, or where the Company's protection could be of ufe to me, a truth wh cli can never' 
 be denied ; but to impofe a new condition on a bargairi to the prejudice of the purchafer of it, 
 vere only not exprefsly mentioned in the original agreement, or contrary 10 tin.- moft manifcfi: 
 principles either of law or equity. Had the Honouiable Prcfident and agents fur the Company, 
 •who fold me the fait, declarrd to me foon after my making of the bargain, that I could ntrt 
 be permitted to fell any at Calcutta, the Company having changed their prclidcncy, which ihejr 
 have it alwajs in their power to do, to Fulroor any where clfe, would it not have been a,i aiitof 
 the greateft injufticc .' and, as his Majeftv's Jufti' a, my lord and gentlemen, [ beg to know your 
 opinion, whether, in fuch a cafe, 1 might not have had renicdy againft them at law ? but I 
 took the Callarvs, and purchafed my fall of the honour.ible Company with intention and deligit 
 of dilpofin^ of it at this Padtory ; fo that to hinder me to rellde here on fo juft an account, 
 when the greateft part of it is already brought here, and the n ft upon the way by your own 
 permiflion, to me appears prcty much the fame, as if I had bern previnted by tliofe other gcr.t.c- 
 men from rcfiding at Calcutta, had 1 found it moft my intereft to difpofc of my y;oods there. 
 
 Your alleging, it is the hofiour;iblc Company's order, to which I ought to lubrnit, is in ar- 
 gument, which, with all due fubmiiTion to your ^ordfhip, &c. I apprehend can have but fmall 
 weight: for, as the honourable Company, 1 am well pcrfuaded, never meant but the ftridtcft 
 iuftice to every one that they ever dealt with ; fo if, on the C(mtrary, 1 or any one clfe is likely 
 to be hurt by implication, or accidentally being comprehended in a general order, it is in your 
 power, I imagine, to modify and explain them, that no rcflcdlion of that kind may cither bo 
 ciR on yourfelves, or upon the honourable the Court of Dircdtors. But that the honourable 
 
 C»M-
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 25, 26, 26. 
 
 Company's orders are not abfolutely fo very Urici as not to admit of certain latitudes, appears 
 tiie more eviJsnt, from the permiflions you have already granted, and which, as I am informed, 
 you ftill intend 10 grant, to many who have no fuch plea as I have, I believe, for fuch an 
 indulf^ence. 
 
 In fnort, my Lord and gentlemen, I muft beg leave to declare to you, though with the moft 
 profound refpcit, that if you ftill continue in the rcfolution of bringing me down, and of tear- 
 tn^r me from my propert)', and my right, you will do an a6l, which in the eyes of the world, 
 1 am afr^iid, will have more the appearance of a piece of perfonal pique and diflike to me, than 
 -of any more honour.ible motive to my felf: It can never be fo, for as, to my knowledge, 1 have 
 r>ever given any perfonal oflencc to any of you ; fo, on the contrary, I have ever met with the 
 grcatelt civility and 'indulgence from all, and even many particular marks of friendftiip from 
 ;.imoft every one of you, which I (hail always greatly acknowledge; and I muft declare, this is 
 what has brought me to the rcfolution of rtri(5tly complying with your orders, whatever they 
 may h.lppen to be, or however contrary in my own judgment they may be, to what 1 have the 
 ■jufteft rcafm ti> lo.'k for anv! cxped. 
 
 I have ihc honour to be, with the moft perfeit refpe£l, 
 
 my Lord and gentlemen, 
 Patna, jour molt obedient humble fervant, 
 
 5an. 12, i:i^6. ArchJ. Keir. 
 
 No. 25. 
 
 To Simuc! Middleton, Efquire, Chief, &c. Council, at Patna, 
 Gent'emcn, 
 
 WH*-'N we refle<Sl upon the very particular indulgence (hewn by this Committee to Mr. 
 Koir, in permitting him to remain at Patna, fo long after the period fixed for the retur/i 
 of all tl'e rrccmerchants to tlie prefidency, we cannot hclpexprelJing fomc aftoni(hmeiu that lie 
 (liould cl.iim ab a rii,hr, v.'hat \vc mull conlider as a favour, granted .ut of mere rejjrd to his 
 particular circumftanccs ; fuch indulgences cannot however bs extended to individuals, to tbe 
 injury of the Companv, and the prejudice of the public, without our bitrayinj, the truit r<po(ed 
 in us by the Court cf DiTedors : VVe therefore not only approve of Mr. Middjeton's refulmg co 
 grant him a tkiftnck for his fait, to which he certainly has no better claim than all other free 
 merchants, but we exprefsiy direct, that he (hall quit Patna by the lait day of May next, and 
 that you, or fuch other of the Company's fervants, refiding on the fpot, as he ihall appoint, do 
 take char-'C of the fait, and difpofe of it upon his account, to the belt advantage you can, con- 
 iiftently with the Interefts of the country, and of the Society of Trade. 
 
 Fort William, VVe are, gentlemen, 
 
 ;the 13th March, 1/56, your moil obedient fervants. 
 
 No. 26. 
 
 TothcRl"ht Honourable Robert Lord Clive, Prefident and Governor, &c. and Members ©f 
 
 the Select Committee. 
 ^Jy Lord and genlemen. 
 No. ■?8. "\/'^R. Archibald Keir being on the point of his departure to Calcutta, has applied 
 IVi to us to take charge of his fait concerns here, which, in purfuance of your 
 orders we fliill do ; but muft beg leave to obferve to your LordOiip, &;c. that he expects we will 
 difpofe of this lalt free of commilTion. We mult hers remark, that Mr. Keir having no v the 
 privilc'^e of a du(tu(.k, has an equal advantage with a Company';, fervant refidijig in Calcutta, 
 and frcTm whom commi(rion is always received ; we therefore hope yoa will ihiiik w.th us, that 
 we have a juft riiiht to demand the fame from Mr. Keir ; but this we fubmit to your LordTnip's 
 &c. and (liall freely follow any dirodtions you think proper to give on the occafion ; being, with 
 
 muchrefpea, ^, t j j i 
 
 My Lord and gentlemen, 
 y>^tna your moft obedient humble fervants, 
 
 the 26th July 1766, ' Sam MiDDLETorf 
 
 P. M. Dacres. 
 
 No. 27. 
 
 Extraei cf Letter from the Direclors to the SekH CommitUe, dated the 217? November 1766. 
 14. "IXTE are well pleafcd to remark your attention to our orders, in calling down the free 
 
 \'V merchants ; their proper employment is in the fea fervice, as captains and fupra 
 cargoes in the country trade, or fettled as merchants in Calcutta ; and if hereafter we find 
 any inlri-igement of our orders in this refpcift, we (hall afluredly fend for them home, and 
 tcltify our^difpleafure at thofe who have protedted them, or permitted them to go up the coun- 
 try ; we .nre determined to have as few Europeans as po(rible difperfed about the country ; 
 
 jou
 
 APPENDIX, No. 28, 29. 
 
 you are to keep to the fpirit of this our rcfolution as much as polTible, for we have the ftrong- 
 eft fenfc of the injuries the natives have fuffered from having Englifhmen cxcicifing an au- 
 thority o\cr them. 
 
 No. 28. 
 
 ExiraJl ofCmpsnys Letter t) Bengal, \()th February 1762. 
 
 42. rj Y the Dirt-aions wc gave in our letter of the id of April 1760, we meant that the Na- 
 ij bob {hould net be defrauded of his duties by an abufe of dufticks, nor private traders op- 
 prcfled ; but as it appears by your advices of the 16th January J761, that the farming the du- 
 ties of the Nabob, or the other methods we had poined out, are not practicable, >^ we mult 
 therefore acquicfce in their not bcinj; carried into execution ; at the fame time we repeat and 
 enforce what we mentioned in ojr fjid letter, that in all events the dufticks are to be upon fuch a 
 juft footing as to fecure the government their duties, and to enable the merchant to pay 
 our cuftoms. 
 
 44. It has been intimated, that fomc of our late fervants had engrofled the fale of beetle and 
 fait to their own great emolument, but highly prejudicial to the intereftof the Nabob : As fuch 
 meafures tend greatly to the embtoilmg our affairs, as well as being injurious to the community, 
 we enjoin you to take the utmoil care ih.it neither our ferranti, or any perfon rcfiding under our 
 protection, have any concern in fuch farms for the future. 
 
 No. 2^. 
 
 Extras! of Com^.ar.fs Letter to Bengal, 2th February 1764.. 
 
 20. /^NE general fource of the difputcs, mifunderftandings, and difficulties which have oc- 
 V^ curred with the country government, appears evidently to have taken its rife from 
 the unwarrantable and licentious manner of carrying on the private trade, by the Company s 
 fervants, their ^'omaftahs, agents, and others ; to the prejudice of the Subah, both with rc- 
 fpeft to his authority, and the revenues juftly due to him ; the diverting and taking from his 
 natural fubjeds the trad, in the inland parts of the country, to which neither we, oraoyperfons 
 whatfoever dependant upon us, or under our protection, have any manner of right, and confe- 
 quenily endangrrini; the Company's very valuable privileges; In order therefore to remedy all 
 thefc diforders, we do hereby pofuively order and direct, 
 
 21. That from the receipt of this letter, a final and effectual end be forthwith put to the inland 
 trade in fair, beetle-nut, tobacco, and in all other articles whatfoever, produced and confumed 
 in the country ; and that all Eurnpe^n and other agents or gomaftahs, who have been concerned 
 in fuch trade, be immediately ordered down to Calcutta, and not fuffered to return or be re- 
 placed as fuch by any other perfons. 
 
 22. That as our phirmauiid privilej;<rs of being dutyfree are certainly confined to the Com- 
 pany's export and import trade only, you are to have recourfe to and keep within the liberty 
 therein ftipulated and given, as nearly as can poflibly be done ; but as by the connivance of the 
 Bengal (Jovernment, and conftant ufage, the Company's covenant fervants have had the fame 
 benefit as the Company with rcfpe£l to their export and import trade, we are willing they mould 
 enjoy the fame, and that dufticks be granted .iccordingly ; but herein the moft effedtual care is to 
 be taken that no exceffes or abufes~ are fuffered, upon any account whatfoever, nor duuicks 
 eranted to any others than our covenanted fervants as aforefaid ; however, notwithftanding anf 
 of our former orders, no writer is to have the benefit of a duftick until he has ferved out his full 
 time of five years in that ftation : Free merchants, and others, are not intitilcd to, or to have 
 the benefit of, the Company's durtirks, but are to pay the ufual duties. 
 
 24. We arc under the niceffity of giving the beforegoing orders, in order to prefervc the tran- 
 quillity of the countr), and harmony with the nabob ; they are rather outlines than complete 
 directions, which you are to add to and improve upon, agreeable to the fpirit of and our mean- 
 ing in them, as may be neceflary to anfwcr the defired purpofes ; and if any perfon or perfons 
 arc guilty of a contravention of them, be they whomfocvcr tliey may, if our own fervants, 
 they are to be difmillcd the fcrvicC ; if others, the company's protection is to be withdrawn, 
 and you have the liberty ot fending them forthwith to England, if you judge the nature of the 
 offence requires it. 
 
 25. Wc cannot avoid in this place taking notice of the endeavours of Prefidcnt Van bittart, 
 to form a plan of regulations, which, though it appeared fo advantageous to individuals, was 
 ftrongly ccnfured by the majority of tlic council, as not giving them, according to their wayo" 
 judging, a fufficient (cope for their unwarrant.ible trade ; however, we are fatished of the prefi- 
 dent's good intentions ; but at the f.imc time we fay, it was not calculated fo as to prevent future 
 mifunderftandings with the Subah, and his government, becaufc thereby an inland trade was to 
 be admitted of, which, as ha; been obfcrvcd, wodd certainly be attended with, conftant 
 
 embroils and dtfficultios. 
 
 b No. 30.
 
 \ 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 30, 31, 32. 
 No. 50. 
 
 Extras of Company^! Letter^ to Bengal \f. June 1-64. 
 54. TT' O R the reafons given in our letter of the 8th of Februaiy laft, v-c were then induced 
 A to fend pofitive orders to put a final and eftltitual ind 10 the i-iland traue in ult, bcjcle 
 nut, tobacco, and in all other articles whatfoevcr, productd and confumcvt in the countf, ; to 
 the remarks we made in that letter, we mirft add one obf rvation ; whii^h i.-. it . ppeirs very 
 extraordinary, that, in a trade fo extremely lucrative to indiviJu^ils, th'. uucreit of ihe company 
 (houid not have been at a'll attended or confidered. 
 
 55. Thofe orders were fi-'iit, it is true, before we received the new Treaty you entered inter 
 with Jaffier Aly Cawn, upon his rc-ellabli{hment in the Subalifhip ; in which it is agreed. That 
 the tiiglifh fhail carry on their trjde by means of iheir own duitick, lice from all duties, taxes, 
 and impofitions, in all parts of the country, excepting the article of iA\, on whi^h a iluty of 2 -J. 
 per cent, is to be levied on the Rowanna, or Houghly marker-price ; wherein it is turthcr agreed. 
 That rhf^late perwanahs iffued by Cofljm Aly Cawn, granting to all nicrcliaius the exemption 
 of all duties for thefpacc of two years, fhall be reverled and called in, and the duties collected 
 a before. 
 
 56. Thefe arc terms which appeartobe fo very injurious to the Nabob, and to the natives,^ 
 that they cannot in the very nature of them tend to any thing but the prolucin^ g?neral heart 
 burnings: and diflalisfaftion ; and confequently, there can be little reafon to cxpedt the tranquil- 
 lity of the country can be permanent: 'i'he orders therefore, in our f.iid letter of the- btti of 
 February, are to remain in force until a more equitable and fatisfaflory plan can be formed and 
 adopted ; which, as it is impoffibie for us to frame here, dcftitute as we are of the Informations 
 and lights neceflary to guide us in fettling fuch an important aft.ir, 
 
 57. You are therefore hereby ordered and direfted, as foon after the receipt of this as may be 
 convenient, to confult the Nabob as to the manner of Carrying; on the inland trade in fait, hti- 
 tJe nut, tobacco, and the other articles produced and confumid in the country, which may be 
 mofl to his fatisfaftion and advantage, the Interefl of the company, and likewife of the coih- 
 pany's fervants. 
 
 58. You are thereupon to form a proper and equitable plan for carrying on the faid trade j 
 and tranfmit the fame to us, accompanied by fuch explanations, obferwatiins, and remarks, as 
 may enable us to give our fentiments and directions thereupon in a full and explicit manner. 
 
 5g.Ia doing this, as before obferved, you are to have a particular regard to the interell anJ. 
 jntire fatisfadtion of the Nabob, both with refpeft to his revenues, and thE proper fupport of 
 his government : In fhort, this plan mud be fettled with hii free will ahtf canfent, and in fuch 
 a manner as not to afford any juft Grounds for complaint. . ' 
 
 60. In the next place, the utmofl care and attention muft be beOowed, in forming the faid 
 plan, that in fome proper mode or fliape a juft and equitable confiueraiion be fecured for the 
 company. 
 
 61; If any ineonvcuicrtcics (hall be apprehended to arife to the company's Inveflmcnfs, upon 
 carrying on fuch an inland trade, you ,nre to give us your full thoughts thereupon, ana in vi\\3,t 
 manner they may be obviated. 
 
 V 6at. You are to give us your impartial and unbiafTed thoughts alfo, whether the carrying oii 
 this inland trade may afledl fhe jurt rights and privileges of the Y rench, Dutch, or any Europe- 
 ans, and tend thereby to draw on any national altercations and embroils; which are by all 
 rpeans to be avoided in forming the faid plan : Therefore you are to be particularly careful to 
 p/iBKe«,t. thefe, or any evils of the like kind. 
 
 ;. :'> -■ I ■ 
 
 No. 51. 
 
 Fort IViUtam General Cc7ifultatior, th 25 Jarvary 1765. 
 
 WE obferve the fentiments and orders of the court on the fubjeft of the inland trade, con- 
 tained in the 54 and fubfcquent paragraphs to the 64: but as Lord Clive, and the other 
 GefJtlemen, may be now fo foon expected toirrive, it is agreed to defer, for the prefcnt at leaft^ 
 any further proceedings thereon. 
 
 No. 52 
 
 , Fort IVilliarn Sekii Ccn/ul.'atiar, i',th Oif-btr 1764. 
 
 The Englifh Gomaftahs in the Diltricts of Dacca, Rungamatty Chilmary, 
 and Haliergunga, &c, force tobacco and other goods upon the Talookdars^ 
 and Ryotts, whereby the country is defolatcd, and a very heavy lofs lails 
 upon the Sircar ; it is proper that a flop fhould be every where put 10 this 
 oppreflion, that the country may flourilli, and the inhabitants may pay 
 their rents in fecurity, and my revenues may not fulFer. 
 
 The nOor of this country, who ufed always to deal in fait, beetle nut, and 
 Tobacco, &c. are now deprived of their daily bread by the trade of the 
 Europeans ; whereby no kind of advantage accrues to the Company, and 
 the govfrnxcnr's revenues are greatly injured. 
 
 In
 
 APPENDIX No. 32. 
 
 IN confequence of thefe rcprefen rations from the Nabob, and the Company's orden in theif 
 letter of the 8th of P^ebuary 1764, 
 
 It IS rcfolved, th.;t the inland trade ; that is, the articles produced in one part of the country, 
 to be carried for falc and confumption to anoiher, fli^ll in general be prohibited, with fuch ex- 
 ceptions as (hall appear to the board may be admitted, without the danger of creatine difpurei 
 vviih the governnicnt, or depriving the Nabob of his juft rights. 
 
 After mature confidcration of the fubjeft, and rccolle£lion of all the difputes that have happen- 
 ed, and the complaint? which have been made by the government fince this inland trade has been 
 taken u|) ; we think that one, and one only exception can be made, confiftently with the fpirit 
 of the Company's orders ; and that is, that it may be permitted to the company's fervants to 
 fend fait and beetle nut for fale to the /ailories of Patna, ColTimbuzar, and Dacca, or the capital 
 cities ot Patna, Moorfticdabad, and Dacca, thereunto adjoining, paying to the country govern- 
 ment, on the article of fait, the duties agreed on with the Nabob in the laft treaty, and oa 
 the article of beetle nut, a like duty of 2^ per cent, on the price of the Chaundpote Market^ 
 and a Company's dulH( k fhall be given them along with the Company's Rowanna. 
 
 Our reafons for thinlc'ii^ this exception may be admitted, are, 
 
 Firit, with refpe(Sl to the objedtion of difpur:s : among the many inftances we have had we 
 do not tind any touching the fales of filt or beetle nut, at any of thefe places. 
 
 Secondly, with rcfpecl to tlic objeflion of the Nabob's revenues : ftnce we relinquifh every 
 advantage that he ceded by his treaty of laft year, with regard to his trade, we may, without 
 imputation of injuftice, reiervc fo much as is here meant, unlefa any inconvenience, whichat 
 prefent we do not forefee, (hould be found to arife from it. 
 
 But it fhsll be exprefsly forbid to all the Company's fervants, and others refiding under the 
 Company's protrction, tJ ra:le fait works (as Collaries or TofFals) or make fait upon the 
 grounds, in any part except the territories appertaining to the Company. All claims to any 
 fuch grounds fhall be immediately relinquilhed ; and application will be made to the Nabob, on 
 behalf of the claimants, to order the Zemindars to difcharge in money fuch balances of former 
 years, and advances of this feafon, as may appear to be juftly due, upon examination of the 
 accounts with the Molungees. 
 
 As from a delay in executing this refolution, the Zemindars may pretend and complain of 
 the lofs of the feafon for carrying on their bufinefs, and raife difficulties in adjufting the ac- 
 counts ; 
 
 Agreed, that the refolution be recited, in letters to be immediately wrote to Dacca, Chitta- 
 gonar, Midnapore, and Burdwan, with diredions to carry the fame into execution, fo far as re- 
 gards their refpcctive factories : and 
 
 Ordered, that the drafts of thefe order» be entered after confultation. 
 
 The Company's fervants, who fhall trade in fait to the places herein before expreffed, fhalL 
 take the greateft care that tlieir Gomaftahs do deliver up the duftick to the Company's Chief, 
 and the rowanna to the Naib of the government, on the falt's being landed at the factory or 
 city to which it is configned ; our intentions herein being to enforce our refolutions, that the 
 fait (hall be actually and bona fide fold at one of the forefaid faflories or cities, and not circu- 
 lated through the country, under the influence of the Englifti name, or Duftick. 
 
 To the end that thefe regulations, ivhcn publifticd, may take efFedl within a reafonable timc^ 
 fo th It on the one hand the merchants may not fufFcr from their prefent engagements in the 
 articles of this trade ; and on the other, that an opening may not be left for the continuance 
 of this trade longer than may be ncccflary for the finifhing thofe engagements ; 
 
 It is agreed and ordered, that the fecrctary do give public notice of them, both here and at 
 the fubordinate factories ; forbiddmg from this day, all Company's fervants, free mer- 
 chants, and others, refiding under the Company's proteilion, to make any new purchafes, or 
 enter into any new contracts which may involve them further in the prohibited trade ; and 
 directing them to deliver in, within the fpace of fcven days, an account of the goo>ls of this 
 trade that they may have remaining at every place, with the intended place of their dcltina- 
 tion far falej upon an examination of which, a reafonable time will be allowed for concluding 
 fuch fales. 
 
 Although we imagine the reftraint we hive now laid upon the inland trade will put an end, 
 for the mott part, to thai unjuft manner of dealing called l^urja, or Guchowt; yet, leaft it 
 ihould be ever attempted in the file of any articles of liccnfed trade, it is hereby 
 
 Ordered, in the ftriifteft manner, that no pcrfon trading under the Company's protection (hall, 
 on any pretence, force the merchants or people of the country to buy goods which they do not 
 want, or to give a price above the market ; and whoever (hall be found to be guilty of in- 
 fringing this order, (hall be punifhed with the utinoft rigour. 
 
 Agreed therefore, that the fecrctarv do alfo make this refolution public ; and that the Na- 
 bob be defired to make it known to his officers, defiring them to complain to the ncareft 
 tnglifh factory, if any fuch attempts (hould be made by tnglifli Gomaftahs within their 
 Jurifdiclion. 
 
 Upon the whole, it is agreed to reprefent to the Nabob, that all our attempts to reform the 
 grievances he complains of will be inc(Fc<£tua!, unTefs his officers at the fevcral chokies and 
 cuftom houfes will be attentive to let no boats pafs with merchandize, without firft feeing the 
 
 Coinijar.) 'a
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 33. 
 
 Company's duftick, as direfted in the refolution on article fecond : and further, as we arc iri- 
 formed that he has indulged fome Englifh gentlemen, free merchants, with general dufticks, 
 which will give them a privilege of trade far more extenfive than wc (hall now permit, even to 
 Company's fervants, it will be abfolutely neceffiry that he da withdraw all fuch indul- 
 gences, and refrain from granting any in future ; othcrwife thefe regulatioai can be of na 
 effea. 
 
 No. ^^, 
 
 Fort William, the loth Auguft 1765. 
 At a Selea Committee ; P R E S E N T, 
 W, B. Sumner, Efquire, Prcfident, 
 Harry Verelft, Efquire. 
 
 IN conformity to the honourable Company's orders, contained in their letter of the ifl of 
 June 1764, the Committee noiv proceed to take under their confider.ition the fubjedt of the 
 inland trade, in the articles of fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, the fame having been frequently 
 difcourfed of at former meetings, and Mr. Sumner having lately collected the opinions of the 
 abfent members at large on every circumllance ; it is now agreed and refolved, that the follow- 
 ing plan for conducing this trade fhall be carried into execution, the Committee efteeming the 
 fame the mofl correfpondent to the Company's orders, and conducive to the ends which they 
 have in view, when they require that the trade (hall be put upon fuch a footing as may appear 
 moft equitable for the benefit of their fervants, leaft liable to produce difputcs with the country 
 government, and wherein their own intereft, and that of ihe Nabob, Ihall at the fame time 
 be properly attended to and confidered. 
 
 Fiili, that the whole trade ftall be carried on by an exclufive Company formed for that 
 purpofe, and confifting of all thofe who may be deemed jullly intitled to (hare ; that a pioper 
 fund fhall be raifed, by a loan at intereft, for the fupply and fupport of the fame, and 
 that it fliall commence in the month of September enfuing, or as foon after as may be found 
 mod convenient. 
 
 Secondly, that the fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, produced in, or imported into, Bengal, 
 fliall be purchafcd by this eflablifhed Company ; and public advertifement (hall be ilTued, 
 ftridly prohibiting all other perfons whatever, who are dependant on our government, to deal 
 in thofe articles. 
 
 Thirdly, that application (hall be made to the Nabob, to ifTue the like prohibition to all his 
 cfficers and fubjciTis of the diftiicls, where any quantity of either of t.hofe articles is manu- 
 fa£lurcd or produced. 
 
 Fourthly, that the fait {hall be purchafed by contract, on the mod reafonable terms, giving 
 the preference to the factories of Dacca, Chittagong, Burdwan, and Midnapoor, for the pro- 
 duce of their refpcftive diftricts ; to the Phoufdar oi Houghley, and the other Zemindars, for 
 the produce of ingellee, Tumlook, MyfiJole, &c. and to fuch perfons as may ofter the moft 
 reafonable propofals, for the quantity produced in the Calcutta lands. 
 
 Fifthly, that the beetle nut and tobacco (hall, in like manner, be purchafed by contract, 
 under fuch terms and conditions as, upon proper enquiry, fhall appear to the managers to be 
 iroft conformable to the intereft of the concerned. 
 
 Sixthly, that the contractors for the fait fhall a^ree to deliver it at certain fixed places, at 
 a ftipulated rate per ' maunds, comprehending fuch an advance upon their contracts with the 
 Zemindars and Alolungees, as may be efteemed an equivalent to their rifk, trouble, and bad 
 debts. 
 
 Seventhly, that as the advances will be made by the contractors to the Zemindars, &c. at 
 certain periods of the feafon, in the ufual manner, fo fliail tlie advance from the public Com- 
 pany to the contractors be made in propoition ihcreto. 
 
 Eightly, That tlie fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, thus purchafed by the public Company. 
 fhall be tranfported to a certain number of places for fale, to be thrr, and there only, difpofed 
 of by theii agents ; and that the country merchants may then become the purchaferi, and again 
 tranfport the articles whither they think they have the greatefi profpedl of profit. 
 
 That by this means, not only the frequent opprelTioiis the ii.habitants of the country have 
 fuffcred, by Europeans having permilTion to tr.tvtrfe to every .place for the fale of thofe com- 
 modities, will be put a (lop to, but by thus refcrving to the natives and merchants a competent 
 (hare of the profits, both in the purchafe and fale, wc may hope for the good ettccl of reniov- 
 ing the general odium that hai prevailed, from our fccking to deprive them of every part of 
 that trade. 
 
 Ninthly, That as it is apprehended fome difficulty will arifc in fecuring the produce of the 
 Dacca and Chittagong diftriifts, by reafon of the property of the lands being fcattered in a 
 number of hands, all dependant on the Government; it is agreed, that applic.ition fhall be 
 made to the Nabob for Perwannas on the feveral Zemindars of thofe diftricts, as v/ell as thofe 
 of Iloughley, Si'c. (Iriclly ordering and requiring thim to contract for all the fait that can ns 
 made on their lands with the Liiglifli alone, and furbi'dding the fde to any other perfon or 
 prrf»hs whatfoever. 
 
 Tenthlv,
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 34. 
 
 Tenthly, That tlie Honourable Company fhall either {hare in this trade as Proprietors, or 
 receive an annual duty upon it, as may appear to be moft tor their intertft, when confidcrcd 
 v/ith their other engagements and demands at this Prcfideiicy. 
 
 Eleventhly, Thnr the Nabob fhall in like manner be confidered, as may be juigcd moft 
 proper, either ns a I'ropric-tor, or by an annual Nuzierana, to b;; computed upon ini'pcding 4 
 statement of his duties on fait in foinier years. 
 
 Twelfthly, That the manner in which the Honourable Company and the Nabob Ihail be 
 confidered being once determined, the remainder of this trade ihall be divided aniongft the 
 Company's fervants, arranged under certain claffes, and each clafs to fhare a certain proportion 
 of the capital ftock. 
 
 Thirtecnthly, That a Committee of trade fliall be appointed to receive the management of 
 this plan, and profcc me the fame in all its branches ; and that they (h.ill be inimcdiattly autho- 
 rized to take meafurt.> for raifiiig the fund at iiicereft-, and to rcciivc propofals and fettle the 
 contracts ; and further, that fcir their ailiitance in this work, a perfon fhall be appointed in the 
 <]uality of their fecretary and accomptant : the foregoing regulations, the felect Cjinmittee 
 judge, will be found a fufficient ground work for commencing this trade, to be imjjroved here- 
 after as circumltances may occur and direct ; and it is therefore " Agreed" that they be deli- 
 vered over to the Committee of Trade, as foon as they are appointed, with inftructions to pro- 
 ceed in railing the n.uney and making ti€ contracts. 
 
 The points contained in the icih, nth, and 12th regulations, as their not being ajjuflcd 
 need be no imp-^diment to the profecution of the bufuiefs, fo the Committee eltsem them of I'j 
 much importance, th.it the fettlcment of them fhould be delayed until the abfent members re- 
 turn to Calcutta, and they can be deliberated on at a full Committee: — Agreed therefore, that 
 the Committc of Trade be alfo aJvifed of this refolution ; and that they Ihall be hereafter in- 
 formed of the diilribution which mav be fettled, with any other regulations which may occur 
 lelative thereto, for their govunment. 
 
 Mr. Sumner acquaints the Coniniitt?c, that, being apprifcd of the intention contained in 
 the third and ninth regulations, he defired Mr. Sykes, when he lately went up to Muxadabau, 
 to apply to the Nabob for the neceffary Perwaimas for authorizing and facilitating this trade, 
 and that he has accordingly received from that gentleman, Pcrwannas to this purpofe, being 
 106 in number ; the fame he nww prefents to tlie Committee, together with frveral papers of 
 information which he has collected, regarding the produce of the different ddlricts, and the 
 conditions that lalt can be contracted for. 
 
 Ordered, that thty be delivered over to the Committee of Trade for their guidance. 
 Taking now into coafidcratioii the appointment of this Commitre of Trade, the felect Com- 
 mittee are of opinion, that it flioulJ be conipofed of two members of their body, and two gen- 
 tlemen of the Council. 
 
 Agreed therefore, th^t we recommend to the Council to appoint two of their members to 
 be joined with two of the Couiniittce, to conftitute this Board, and receive charge of rh.J 
 plan ; and at the fiuie time to appoint a proper perfon to the office of fecretary and 
 accomptant. 
 
 No. 54, 
 
 Fori inU'iamy General Ciiifultation, the ilih AufufJ, i-jO^. 
 
 THE Prefident l..ys before the Board an c'xtrad of the proceedings of a Select Committrp, 
 held the 10th inftant, himfelf and Mr. Veiclll prefcnt ; containing confideraiions on fh.; 
 Company's orders refpei^ing the inland trade, and fonic regulations detcimuied on in conle- 
 tjuence, as the ground work of a plan for carr)ing it on in future. 
 And the fame have been perufed. 
 
 MefTrs. Eeyceftcr and Gray enter thereupon the following dificnts. 
 - 1 diiFent to' the powers affuined bv the gentlemen of the Commi:tee, of fixing any regula- 
 tions for the carrying on of the inland trade, independant of, and without conlulting the 
 gentlemen of the Council, as it is a power by no means delegated to them by the court of Di- 
 ic£lors ; who point cut 111 very exprefs teiius, that the only objcdt of thofc powers lodged with 
 ■the Select Cf.nnnitttt is the re.'torinu of peace and tranquillity lu the provinces, then fuppofwl 
 in a very dillracted ibte. It is necdlefs for me, at prefent, to give n.y fcntiments of the regu- 
 lations thtn.felvcs, as the Committee have already determined on the plan. — And as it is on all 
 occafions expedient for the members of the Board to unite in carrying on the public bufinels, 
 fo I declare myftif ready, notwithflanding iliis diffcnt, to fh;'rc any trouble that this fyilcm 
 may occafion to the other gentlemen of the Council, and to co-operaic with my belt cndej- 
 vours, th.it the intended Icheme may be carried into execution with all the benefits that ca.i 
 poffibly refult from it. 
 
 Mr. Gray diUeiits fiom the proceedings of the Committee, this day laid before the Foard : 
 • as the orders for the n-gulation of the trade of fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, are immediafely 
 directed to the whole Board, he thinks no part of it arc fufficicntly authorized, without the con- 
 currence of the whole, to carry them into execution: — he means however, notwitliltunding 
 this his diffent, chearfuily to obey the orders of the board in his ajipoimmcnt of a member of 
 
 the Committee oi Trade. 
 
 c i hcfc
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 35. 3^' 
 
 Thefe diiTents having been entered : 
 
 Mefl'rs. Sumner and VereJft offer their forvk:cs,as members of the Committee, for carrying OH 
 this trade, upon the plan laid down. 
 
 And as Mr. Playdell is appointed chief of the faftory of Chittagong, and Mr. Burdctt has 
 intimated his intention of refigning the fervjce this feafon. 
 
 iVlr. Leyceilcrand Gray are therefore appointed members from the Board. 
 
 Agreed, That we addrefs thofe gentlemen, conftituting them the Committee accordingly, for 
 the management of this trade, and tranfmitting them the regulations of the Seled Committee, 
 with the fevtral papers accompanying for their Government therein; authorifin» them, at 
 the fame time, to correfpond with the fubordinate factories, and to purfue all iuch meafures as 
 may, conformably to the plan, appear to them eligible and proper : And 
 
 That we give the neceffary advice aiid diredious, in coiifequence, to the diiFcrent fadoxies. 
 
 No. 5/5. 
 
 ■Extras of a Litter to Afcamus William Senior, Efquircy Chief, &(. Council at Csjimiuzar. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 W£ are to inform you, that we have now eftabliflied certain regulations for conducing the 
 inland trade in the articles of fait, hectic nut, and tobacco, agreeably to orders received 
 from the Court of Directors, and that the fame are to be immcdiatel)' earned into execution, by 
 a Committee of Trade, confifting of Mefl'rs. Sumner, Vcrelft, Leycdk-r, and Gray, who arc 
 for that purpofe authorized to correfpond with the feveril fubordina:e factories, and to take all 
 fuch meafures as may appear to them proper; and we therefore diieii^, that you do pay a due 
 regard to -whatever inftrudtions you may from time to time receive from them, in matters relative 
 to this trade, and addrefs them accordingly in return. 
 
 Fort VVilJiam, We arc, kc. 
 
 the i2th of Auguft, 1765. 
 
 No. 5(j. 
 
 Fort JFilUam SeleH Committee Proceedings, 18 SeftemVer, 1765. 
 
 EESUMING the confideration of the plan for carrying on the inland trade, in order to 
 dettmine with refpedt to the Company, and the clafles of Proprietors, the Committee are 
 unanimouily of opinion, that whatever furplus monies the Company may find thcmfdves poffefled 
 of, after discharging their feveral demands at this Prefidcncy, the fame will be employed more to 
 their benefit and advantage in fupplying largely that valuable branch of their commerce, the 
 China trade, and in affifting the wants of their other fettlements ; and that it will be more for 
 their intereft to be conlldered as fuperiors of this trade, and receive a handfome duty upon it, 
 ■than to be engaged as Proprietors in the ftock ; bellowing therefore all due attention to the cir» 
 rumftance of the Company's being at the fame time the head and maftcrs oi our fervice, and 
 now ccnnc into the place of the country government, by his Majefty's royal grant of the Dc- 
 wvannee. It is agreed, that the inland trade in the above articles ftiall be fubjeft to a duty to 
 the Company, after the following rates, which are calculated according to the beft judgment 
 we can lorm of the value of the trade in general, and the advantage which may be expedted to 
 accrue froin it to the Proprietors. 
 
 On fait, 35 fer cent, valuing the 100 maunds at the rate of go A. Rs. and in confideration 
 hereof the prefent collarec duty to be aboliflied. 
 
 On beetle-nut 10 per cent, on the prime coft. 
 
 On tobacco 25 per ceKt. on ditto. 
 
 By this calculation, we hope may be produced a clear revenue to the Com.pany, of at leaft 
 IOO,OOol. fterling/>/'r annum ; and fliould it appear, upon further experience of the trade. That 
 the profits will admit of an encreafe in thefe rates of duties, wc hereby refol ve, that a fair and im- 
 partial reprefentation of the fame fhali be made to our honourable malfers, in order to receive their 
 direftions, as it is our fixed determination to render them all poffible fatisfaction on this point. 
 
 With refpeift to the Proprietors, it is agreed and refolved. That they fhall be arranged into 
 three clalTes ; that each clafs fhall be entitled to fo many fliares in the llock, and that a certain 
 CkpitaJ ftock (hall be agreed upon, in order to ascertain the value of each fliare. 
 
 According to this fcheme, it is agreed. That clafs firft ihall confift of tlie governor, five 
 fhares ; — the fccond, three (hares ; — the general, three (hares ; — ten gentlemen of council, each 
 two (hares ; twenty (hares ; — two colonels, each two (hares; four (hares: — in all, thirty-live 
 (hares for the firft clafs. 
 
 The clafs fccond (hall confift of one chaplain, fourteen junior merchants, and three lieutenant- 
 colonels ; in ail eighteen perfons : who (hall each be entitled to one third of a councellor's pro- 
 portion, or two thirds of one (hare; and which makes in ail twelve (hares for the fecond clafs. 
 We mean always to include in this number fuch junior merchants as the Company have thought 
 proper to fix in the fervice ; who, as well as the factors in the next clafs, that may be reftrained 
 from rifing as covenant fervant?, ftiall, however, be entitled to their full (hare of the advantages 
 of this trade. 
 
 The
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 37. 38. 
 
 The clafs third fliall confift of thirteen faftors, four majors, four firft furgeons at the Pre- 
 fiJency, two firft fuigoons at the army, one fecretary to the Council, one fub-accoiiiptant, one 
 Perfian tranflator, and one fub-export warehoufelccepcr ; in all twcnty-le^xn perfons : who fhall 
 each be entitled to one fixth of a councellor's proportion, or one third of one (hare; and which 
 makes in all eight (hares for the third clafs. 
 
 It is necefTary, howtver, to be obferved, That by this arrangement it is intended, and it is 
 accordingly hereby ordered, that twelve (haros in this Uadc (hall be allotted to eighteen perrons, 
 compofed of the firft feiiior and junior merchants, lieutenant colonels, and chaplain or chaplains; 
 all exceeding that jiuinbi.r of thofc ranks, muft ftand excluded until they can be included in it ; 
 and chaplain>, be they more or Icfs, to be reckoned only as one fenior or junior merchant. 
 
 That eight (hares in this trade (hall in like manner always be allotted to twenty-four perfons, 
 compofed of the fenior faclors, majors, furgeons, and the three officers above fpecified ; all ex- 
 ceeding that number of thofe ranks are not to (haie till they can be included in it. 
 
 The Committee have thus fettled the arrangement of the claffes, and th.- (hares in the (*ock ; 
 but they leave to the Committee of Trade to afcertain the amount of the capital, as they muft be 
 the moft competent judges of what fund will be required. 
 
 That the trade may meet with no interruption, and for the better rcgulatin.g the fame, the 
 Committee of Trade may, from time to time, form bye-laws, which having been communicated, 
 approved, and figned to by the body of Proprietors, they (the Committee) (hall be uupowered 
 to enforce and carry into execution. 
 
 That the books of the Society (hall be opened the firft of every September, and clofed the 31ft 
 of the following Auguft ; that for the prefent year, all peifons, who (hall from this time be 
 deemed Proprietors, and whofe names (hall be enrolled by the Committee of Trude, aorteable to 
 this fcheme of dillribution, (hall be intitled to their proportion of profits arifing on tne trade, 
 during the courfe of th.- year, whether abfence or death (hould enfuc ; and I'o in all future years, 
 after the names of the perfons, who may compofe the clafles, (hall have been regularly enrolled. 
 
 Refolved, That no pcrfon (hall (hare in a double capacity, and receive a benefit at the fame 
 time from his rank in the fervice, and from luch employment as he may happen to enjoy. 
 
 Ordered, That a copy of thefc proceedings be prepared, and laid before the Council, tiiat they 
 may tranfmit the lame, with their direction^, to the Committe of i rade. 
 
 CtlVE, 
 
 Wm. B. Sumner, 
 John Carnac, 
 H. Verelst, 
 Kras. SykeJi. 
 
 No., "^y. 
 
 Fort IVtlliam General CaMfultation, the t^th Septembci', 1 765. 
 
 THE Prefident lays before the Board a copy of the proceedings of the Sdecl Committee, con- 
 taining their conclufion of the plan for the inland trade, with rcfpeft to the Company, and 
 the different dalles of the Proprietors — And the fame having been peruled. 
 
 Agreed, It be tranfmittcd to the Committee of Trade, with inftruftions to proceed agreeably; 
 thereto. 
 
 No. 58. 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Clivc, Prefident and Governor, &c. Council at Fort William. 
 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 
 WE have had the honour to receive your letter of the 75th ult. with the conclufion of 
 the Seled Committee's plan for carrying on the inland trade. We (hall pay due 
 attention thereto; and we have in confequence enrolled the Proprietors of the fla:k for the 
 prefent year. 
 
 The office of our Secretary and accomptant being vacated by Mr. Graham's appointment 
 to Midnapore, we requeft your lord(hip, &c. will grant us pcrmilTion to appoint Mr. LiwreU 
 in his room. 
 
 We muft alfo take this opportunity to requeft your pennifUon to nominate agents for tranf- 
 a(5ling the hulincfs of the fociety in the different parts of the country. We (liall be very care- 
 ful to make choice of the mofl unexceptionable perfons for this purpofe ; and we (hall caufc 
 them to enter into fuch engagements you (hall think proper to prcfcribe for regulating their 
 condudt, and to prevent their interfering with the bufinefs of the country government. 
 
 We have the honour to be. 
 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 Your tneft obedient humble iervants, 
 
 Wm. B. SuMNtR, 
 
 H. V£R£I.ST. 
 
 R. Leycester, 
 Fort WUliim, 21ft Odober, 1765, Georoe Gkav. 
 
 No. 30.
 
 we write them, tliat we entirely approve of their choice of Mr. Lawrell for fecretary 
 and yccomptant. — Alfo, that as they fsem to thinlc the bufmefs of the Society will require Eu- 
 
 A P r E N D I X, No. 39, 40, 41, 42. 
 
 No. 5^. 
 
 Fort JViU'iam, Sele£f Committee, 2gth OSloher 1 765. 
 
 HAVING perufed a letter from the Cominittee of Trade, dcfiring leave to appoint a fecretary 
 in the room of Mr. Graham, and agents, to conduct the bufinefs of the fociety in the 
 difierent parts of the country ; 
 
 Agreed, we write 
 
 -jid yccomptant. — I , - _, - ^ - - - , ^ 
 
 ropeaii agents, we confent ro their nominating perfons of approved character, who fliall enter 
 into fuch entrai'-ements and reftridtions as we may judge neciffAry for rejjulating their conduft, 
 and fecuring tlie country from difturbancc, and the natives from injury or mo'.eilation. 
 
 We alfo confent that they appoint four European agents to buiid boats for the fociety at Na- 
 bcb Guii'e, and Buker Gunge, who fliall enter into fimilar engagements. 
 
 No. 40. 
 
 To \V"». Biightwell Sumner, Efq ; and the gentlemen of the Committee of Trade. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 YOUR letter of the 2! ft iriftant to the prefident and council, having Seen referred to the Sele£t 
 Committee, we highly jpprove your intcntioin to appoint Mr Lawrell to fucceed Mr. Gra- 
 ham in the office of your i'ecretary and accomptant. 
 
 We likewife confent that you nominate agents for tranfd£t'..-r' the bufinefs of the fociety in 
 the different parts of the country, iince you conlider this meafure as necefl'ary to the due execu- 
 tion of your plan ; but we muft requefi that all thefe gentlemen muft Lie perfons of unblem'lh- 
 ed character; that they be approved by the Select Coiiimittee, and bound down by fuch en- 
 gagements and reltrictions as we may judge neceffary to fecure the country againft dillurbances, 
 the natives from injury and moleftation. and the government front future cau:",: of complaint. 
 
 We arc with great efteem. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 Fort William, the i ft Nov. 1765. Your moft obedient humble fervants. 
 
 No. 41. 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Clive, Prefident, &c. Members Select Commitce. 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 
 WE have had the honour to receive your favour of this date. In confequence of the per- 
 miffion therein contained, we have appointed the following gentlemen to refide as agenti 
 for trajifaciing the bufinefs of the Society of Trade, at the undermentioned places, viz. 
 Mr. Hugh Baillie, to refide at Gualparah. 
 <I)harles Blomf.R, — — Dinagepore. 
 Pitt Lithieullier, — Durbunga. 
 Tom Lewis, — — Rungpore. 
 
 Jno Corsar, — — Surhit. 
 
 VVra. Bensley, — — Carra^olah. 
 
 Jno. Roeinsov, — — Nabob Gung«. 
 
 Hargravk, ■ — — Chilmarie, 
 Wm. Haltby, — — 
 
 Harry Grant, — — 
 The places of refidence of the two lalt-named gentlemen will be determined hereafter, as wcR 
 as -what other places it may bethought neceffarv to fend agents to. 
 
 "Wc hope that this arrangement will meet with your lord/hip's, &ic. approbation ; and we re- 
 queft you will as foon as poifible tranfmit us the regulations you would propofe for the cojidud 
 ■of thofe, and fuch other agents as wc may have octafion to appoint. 
 
 We have the Honour to be. 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 Fort William, ift Nov. 4765. Your mofl obedient humble fervants 
 
 W . B. SUMN'ER. 
 
 H. Verelst. 
 George Grev. 
 
 No. 42. 
 
 Letter to TVtU'iam Brhhtwell Sumner, Efquire, and the Afembers of the Committee of Trade, dated 
 
 Fert JVilliam the ^th November I'jt^. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 YOU have reprefented to us, that the Society for condu(5ting the inland trade will derive very 
 particular advantages from entrurting the management of their concerns to European a- 
 gents ; and we have for this reafon coufcnted, under certain limitations, to a meafure which 
 
 we
 
 A P P E N D r X. No. 43. 
 
 we could never othcrwife approve — giving permidlon to European?, not in the Compmy's co- 
 venanted fervicc, to rcfide in dift'ereiit and remote parts of the country, opens (o large a field 
 for abufc and opprefllon, and is in itfelf fo oppofitc to the exprcl's injuiidions of the Court of 
 Directors, fo contrary to the orders we have fo lately iffued, and fo alarming to the natives in 
 general, that fuch indulgence can onlv be juftificd by ncccflicy. 
 
 To obviate therefore, in the bell manner poifible, the inc. nvenienccs to be apprehended, we 
 think it is our indifpeiil'able duty, to lay fuch rcftraiius on the conduct of the gcntknitn, who 
 fliall be employed in this ftrvice, as appears to us belt calculated to prevent future caufe ot com- 
 plaint, and fccure the peace and repcfc of the country. 
 
 To this end, ue require that all European aj^cnts, on whatever fervice employed by the fo- 
 
 ■ ciciy, do fublcribe to the foMowiii^ reftrittioiis before they k-ave the prefidency, and bind theni- 
 
 (i-lves in a penal Bond of 30,000 rupees, to a Itrjtt oblervance of the fame, wnich penalty fliall 
 
 be levied on conviclioii of their breach of agreement, and applied at the dilcretion of the bo:ird, 
 
 or ot this C'immitlee. 
 
 The refliiclions we would enjoin, are the followini/, which, we think, ougl-.t to be fpecifted 
 »n the Pcn;il Bonds, cr drawn cut into formal inlbuments, to b; figned and fealed beiore 
 witnciles, by the (everal agents. 
 
 lit. That tncy carry on no trade or commerce, either as agents or principals, except for the 
 btncHt of the whole Society of inland trade. 
 
 2d. That they lend no money to the Z'-inindars, the public officers, or other perfons any way 
 connected wuh the government. 
 
 3d. That they allLiine to themfclves no judicial power or authority whatever ; but in all cales 
 of JifFerence or difpute between them and the natives, apply fur rcdrefs to the country govcrn- 
 menc, and in cafe of del.iy or refufal, to the ScUct Committee. 
 
 4th. Thac they neither interfere, diredly nor indirectly, with any bufinefs relative to govern- 
 ment, or by any means whatever give interruption to the collections, or juft caufc ot complaint to 
 the adminillraticn ; but confine themfelves fcrupuloufly and (tridtly to the (ale of the lair, to- 
 bacco, and beetle nut committed to their charjie, making fuch returns of the produce as the Ibciety 
 may lequire, and cxptcting no othtr reward of their feivices than the ftated allowance by coin- 
 miflion on the above articles. 
 
 Thefe, gentlemen, are the principal reftrictions which v/e think necefTary, to avoid contra- 
 diction in our own refolutions, and to fccure the Company from injury, the miniUcrs ffoin oc- 
 cafion of complaint, and the natives from inlult and oppreiiion. 
 
 Wc are with great regard. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 your moft ol>edient fcrvants. 
 
 >Jo. 45. 
 
 To the Right Honourble Lord Clivc, Prcfident, &c. Members of the Sele£l Committee. 
 My I^ord, and Gentlemen, 
 
 THE foll«wing perfons, 
 Mcflrs. Hugh Baillie, 
 
 Charles Blomer, 
 Pitt Letheilleur, 
 Tom Lewis, 
 John Corfar, 
 VVillam Benfley, 
 John Robinfon, 
 James Hargrave, 
 Agents for tranfafling the Society of Trade's Bulinefb-. being about to proceed to their dif- 
 ferent nations, have applied for Icavo to di/pofe of the fait now on hand, beloning to private 
 
 'traders. 
 
 We think it will be for the advantage of the fociety, that fuch fait as is now on hand, (hould 
 be fold by your agentJ, on account of the perfons to whom it belongs, before the fait of the fo- 
 ciety gets up ; but as there is an article in the reftriftions tranfmitted to us by your Lordihip, 
 &c. which forbids their receiving any private Commiinons, wc rcqueft you will grant us per- 
 mifllon to infert a claufe, allowing them to difpofe of the fait, to prevent their forfeit of the 
 penalty they would othcrwife be fubjcdl to. 
 
 We are, 
 
 my Lord, and gentlemen, 
 
 your moft obedient fcrvants, 
 
 Wm. B. Sumner., 
 
 Fort William, 8th January 1766. H. Watts, 
 
 ' W. Senior. 
 
 d No. 44.
 
 •APPENDIX, No. 44, 4^, 46. 
 No. 44. 
 
 /«r/ TyiU'tam SekH Canjultatlon., the <^th January 1766. 
 
 RECEIVED a letter from the Committee of Trade, requefting leave for their agents to dif- 
 pofe of the balances of fait belonging to private merchants, now on hand, which they 
 imagine will conduce to the intereft of the Society. 
 
 Agreed, AVe acquaint the Committee of Trade, that we grant their requeft, in confideration 
 they think it will be a public benefit. 
 
 No. 45. 
 
 To William Brightwell Sumner, Efquire, &c. Members of the Committee of Trade. 
 Gentlemen, 
 No. I. "\X /"E confent that the balance of fait belonging to private merchants, which are 
 » V now on hand, fliall be difpofed of by your agents, at the feveral llations to 
 which they are appointed, fince you are of opinion this Meafure will conduce to the benefit of 
 the fociety ; but we muft dcfire they will not think of extending this privilege beyond the par- 
 ticular article here J'pecihed. 
 
 We remain, 
 
 gentlemen, 
 Fort William, January gth 1766. your moft obedient humble fervants. 
 
 No. 4^ 
 
 To the honourable the Court of Diredors for affairs of the Honourable United Company of 
 Merchants ot England trading to the Eaft Indies. 
 Honourable Sirs, 
 I. "\^rE have now the honour to tranfmit the fequel of thofe proceedings of the Seleft Com- 
 V V mittee which were difpatched the 30th September by the Admiral Stevens, and alfo a 
 duplicate of our letter of that date. 
 
 2. The conjeftures wc then formed, with refpeft to the fyftem which the Committee found 
 it necefTary to adopt, have in the event correlponded to our warmeft expectations ; and it is 
 with extreme (atisfacfioii we can affure you, that a happv profpedt is daily opening to our viev7 
 of fecurity and opulance to the Company ; money flowing into your Treafury ; contentment 
 expreffed by the country government ; and peace diffuling the blelfings througout every diftriit 
 of the Nabob's Dominions, are to us the moft pleafuig tertimonies of the redtitude of the 
 meafures we purfued when the late grants were obtained : The more we reflect on the 
 fuuation of your affairs, the flronger appear the reafons for accepting the dewanny of thefe 
 provinces, by which alone we could eflablifn a power fufficienc to p.-rpetuatc the poffellions, 
 we hold, and the influence we enjoy ; while the Nabob aiSted in quality of colledtor for the 
 Mogul, the means of fupporting our military eftablifhnient depended upon his pleafure ; in 
 the moft critical fituation, while we flood balancing on the extreme border of dcftruillion, his 
 ftipulated payments were flow and deficient, his revenues were often witheld by difaffe^ted 
 Rajahs and turbulent Zeniinders, who deipiied the wtaknefs of his government, or they 
 were fquandered in profufion and diffipated in corruption, ttie never failing fymptoms ot a 
 declining conftitution and a feeble adminiftration ; whence we were frequently dilappointed of 
 thofe fupplies, upon the pundtal receipt of which depended the very exiftence of the Company 
 in Bengal. 
 
 We cannot indeed look back without horror upon that defperate crifis to which your affairs 
 were reduced, when a mutinou:. ipirit prevailed among your troops; when dilfentions dif- 
 trafted your conl'ultations ; and a powerful enemy was invading the provinces, to feize and 
 defolate your pofTeflions, and probably extirpate your fervants, to us it evidently appears them 
 remained but the alternative to advance, as we have done, and grafp at the whole power, 
 or to fhrink back into our primitive condition of flmple merchants, to abandon our pofiellions, 
 (lifband our forces, and refl our future hopes on the clemency of princes, who will not 
 calily forget or forgive the fuperiority we have fo long maintained. In a word, this laft 
 meafure was in itfelf impracticable ; for we muft obferve, although with much regret, that 
 the mifconduct of individuals hath rendered the Englifh name fo odious, that we are 
 no longer fecure than while our hands are armed for the Defence of our lives and property. 
 
 3. The I'evcral Itatements, that go numbers in our packet, fhew clearly the amount of reve- 
 nues to be collected this year into the treafury, exclufive of thofe ifTuing from the provinces of 
 iJjrdwan, Midnapoor, ajiJ Ctiittagong : the Calcutta lands, and all your former polTeilions, 
 at prefent they Itand. encumbered with a variety of fuperfluous charges, which we hope to re- 
 duce, when we come to a'*juft the colledtions of the cnfuing year ; but we thought it idvifeable 
 to avoid introducing innovations, which might create difguft and difTatisfaction, at (o early a 
 period of our government. The netc balance, amounting to 2x2 lacks of licca rupees, or 
 
 2>b62,ooo
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 4<^. 
 
 2,862,000 pounds fterling, will be more readily paid, that the minifters and officers of the go- 
 vernment can have nothing to plead in excufe for deficiencies; and wc have reafon to believe it 
 will not fall {hcrt of the Itated amount. This balance is abundantly fufficient to fapply your 
 China trade, provide for our own inveftment, and defray all the expenccs of our civil and mili- 
 tary eftablilhment. Whatever furplus may remain in the ircafury, after the ftipends to the Kin^ 
 and Nabob ire difcharged, and all other more immcdiaie demands are anfwered, this, t0''ether 
 with the revenues of Burdwan, &c. {hall then be applied to relieve the wants of the other pre- 
 jidcncies, to pay off your bonds, and to fuch other purpofes as may appear to us moft condu- 
 cive to your intereft. 
 
 4. Mr- Svkes, who was fome time fincc appointed refident at the Durbar, and fupervifor of 
 the collections, hath now taken charge of the factory at CofTimbuzar, upon Mr. Senior's I'.ppli- 
 cation for leave to return to Europe ; the great diligence he has exerred in fettling the revenues 
 and forming the llatements, as well as attention flicwn to the other fevcral objects of aumimf- 
 tr.ition, aftord us the utmoft reafon to be highly fatisfied with his conduct. Hj is daily niakinr 
 remittances, the firft fruits of the collections, to the treafury ; whereby we are already enabled to 
 fet apart a fupply of 24 laaks for your China inveltment ; iz of which are now under difpatch 
 for Canton, the remainder will be fent in the month of February to Madrafs, to be forwarded 
 from thence to China by the earlielt conveyance : when the collections of the year are clofcd, 
 we have directed iVIr. Sykes to enquire Itrictly into the balances to the Government, and to ui'c 
 every poflible endeavour to recover them, as we entertain the molt flatterini^ hope, that from 
 thefe arrears will arife a fund fufficient to difcharge all the publick demands on th; late Naaob 
 for which your honour may ftand any way engaged. 
 
 5. Notwithftandiiig all thefe immenfe revenues, of which the company is actuallypofR-flld, we 
 muft earnellly requelt your fcrious attention to the confequences of cur impoverifhino- the coun- 
 try by fuch confiderable annual exports of treafure to China. We muft alfo recommend that 
 jou devife fome method of enabling your Servants, and the inhabitants of the fcttlement, to 
 remit their own fortunes, and the effects ot deceafed perfons in their hands, by fome other 
 channel than that of bill on France and Holland: you are now in a fituation which will never 
 require your receiving private effecfts into the treafury, to be able to compleat your ov/ii inveft- 
 ment : your collections are adequate to every purpofe and demand which we'can forefce; the 
 governor and council could not therefore, with any propriety, fubjeft you to the inconvenience 
 of anfwering bills, to the amount of forty or fifty laaks, merely for the benefit of your fervants, 
 and fufter your own money to lie dead and unappropriated in the treafury ; indeed wc were 
 particularly cautious of drawing largely for this year, in order that you might be able to dif- 
 charge your more immediate and preffiiig engagements at home ; yet ihould the nece/lity continue 
 of remitting private property by foreign funds, the French and Dutch will not only be enabled 
 thereby to provide early and valuable inveltm.ents, but the provinces will alfo be deprived of a 
 very confiderable addition to the cur-i-ent fpecies, which thofe nations will otherwife be obliged 
 to import every year in ready money. To obviate as far as poflible any immediate bad effects to 
 the public from the above caufes, the Prefident has now under confideration, a propolal to pre- 
 vent the exportation of treafure ; from occafioning a fcarcity of money for fome years at Icaik ; 
 yet as this propofal rather tends to palliate, than efftiSually remedy the evil, it is from }our 
 inltrudtions only that we arc to expe£t a radical cure. 
 
 6. The opportunity which the reftoration of peace affords for carrying into execution your 
 orders, relative to the batta allowed to military officers, will greatly contribute to trie increafe 
 of your furplus fund ; thofe orders, although reafonable and neceflary, could not however be 
 conveniently enforced before public tranquillity, and military difcipiine and fubordination, were 
 firmly eflablifiied. It was alfo requifiti', before we entered upon a reduction of pay, to devil's 
 the means of their living cheaper, and of fupplying them with liquors, and other ilores, at a 
 more mod.Tate price than th'^fe articles had ufiially been furniflied. We muft likewile obfervc, 
 that regimenting the troops, hath not only conduced to the reformation wc propoied, but alfo 
 facilitated the reduction of expencii you enjoin. A foldicr who know.s and performs his duty, 
 will neither expect nor require the fuperfluities and luxuries of life. 
 
 Accordingly w have ordained, that on the firft day of the prefent month the batta fhould 
 be liruck oft from the troops in general, excepting the brigade ftationcd in Shujah Dowla's 
 dominions; who on account of the high price of provifioiis, and the difHcuhy of procurin"- 
 (lores, will be allowed double batta in the field, and hah double batta in cantonmi-ius and 
 hi garrifon, until thev arc recalled to the provinces : for the lam • reafon; half batta is conti- 
 nued to the troops qu juered at Fatna and Mon^ht-cr ; but the rrll of the army, we mean the 
 detachments at Subordinates and other places, that are not engaged in actual fervicc, are reduced 
 prccifely on a footing with the company's forces upon the coall ; even thofe ftationed at Along- 
 heer and Patna receive the fame txaift batta as your troops at rrichinopoly. From fuch regula- 
 tions, and alio from the check given to the many fhameful abufcs cc-inmitted in muftcis, returns, 
 hofpital bills, bo.its, and other articles, we may aflirm with confidence, tb.at th.- charges of )our 
 whole eflabliftjmcnt, civil and militjry, including your fortifications, will fall Ihortofthc 
 amount expended during the courfc of the late war on your army alone; and yet it is propofed, 
 if you fupply usduly with recruits, to maintain the complete cllabliihment projected by Lord 
 Clive, and the molt formidable army that cv«f took the ftdd in liengal. From what caufes 
 
 your
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 46. 
 
 your military expcnces fivellcd to fuch inimeafurable bounds requires no explanation ; certain it 
 is chey tar exceeded the i'upplies lb liberally voted by the tlritifli Parlidinent for an army ot 
 auxiliaries employed to oppofe the combined forces of thenioll pow^riul Princes in Chriltcndom. 
 
 7. I'o thefe (chemcs of j^conomy, permit us to add the late refolution of this Committee 
 regarding the new works eredled for the fecurity of your fervants and property : thefe worki 
 have for feveral years palt been a perpetual drain for treafurts, which might have been more 
 
 , ufefuliy applied ; yet Ihould we ever meet with the misfortune of being driven ofFthe field, and 
 cooped up witli:n the walls of this foir, your affairs may then be confidered a3 dtrfperate and 
 irrecoverable ; it is therefore ihi: unanimous opinion of this committee, confirmed by the fenti- 
 nients of the chief engineer, that we ouj^ht to regard the new works as a temporary fecurity 
 only ; for which purpofe the ditch, rampar.'s, baltions and ravelin, already finiihed, are fufficienc 
 to withrtand the grcateit force which the powers of this country are ever likely to ailemble. 
 Captain Martin further delivers it as his opinion, that enlarging the fortifications, conformably 
 to the plan of the intended outwoiks, would add nothing to the llrength of tiie place ; uiilefs 
 wo could at the fame tinie maintain a garrilon proportioned to their extent. WerefolveJ 
 therefore not to proceed on the pluji, beyond what is nuvv completed ; but to ufe all poffible 
 means to check tlie incroachmems of the river, which hath advanced within a very few yards 
 of the covered way, and threatens to fweep away one intire lide of the fort. We will alfo maJce 
 all tbedifpatch we are able in completing the bariacks, Come of which we have converted into 
 very commodious apaitmcnts for the writers lately arrived ; and arc cunvinced it would be much 
 for the benefit of the fcrvice if all the younger fcrvants, and the public officers, were collcdled 
 within (o narrow acompafs as might futjtct them to elder infpection than is polTible in their 
 prtkht fituantui. 
 
 8. Alahomtd Reza Cawn, and the minif.ers we allbciated with him, to conduifl the bufinefs 
 ef the country government, proceed with. alacrity and unanimity, under the direction of Mr. 
 Sykes, the Refidcnt ; they, as well as the people in general, exprefs great fatisfaction at the 
 orders now lately illlied and inforced, by recalling to the prefidency all fiee merchants and other 
 Europeans, who are not iji your covenanted -ferv ice ; many of vvrtom had, by inteffering with 
 public ailairs, by acts of oppreiSon and violence, and byatruming and exerting a judicial 
 authority, totally perverted the ordinary courfe of julticc, and given great interruption to the 
 bufinefs of the adiiiiniilratioii : yet we niuft lament that the jult and necellary punilhmeiit in- 
 flicted upon thofe who had commuted abufes ihould unavoidably extend. to others, who always 
 acted with integrity and honour. 
 
 g. The n-.ore effciSlually to remove every caufe of complaint, and render the minifters rc- 
 fponfible for the collection of the itated revenue, we have directed that none befides thofe 
 who are employed in certain public Itations, fliail in future correfpond with the officers of the 
 government, hold lands, lend money to the Zemindars, or take any other means of improving 
 their fortune, or acquiring influence in the country, that may tend to difturb, dillrefs, or de- 
 fraud, either the adraiuiitiatioji or the people j and this prohibition we have extended to all 
 our fervants, civil and military, and their dependants. It was the earneft requeft of the mini- 
 flers that we fhould impofe fuch reitrictions ; and we thought compliance but rtafonable, as 
 we were well affurcd.that the revenue had fuffered from the excefs to which thefe pradtices were 
 carrricd. 
 
 10. In one inftancc, however, we have taken the liberty of deviating from your orders for 
 recalling the free merchants, &c. the plan for conduiting the joint inland trade in the articles 
 of fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, is in itfelf fo extenlive, the capital required fo very confidera- 
 ble, and the difficulty cf procuring money at a moderate interell fo great, that it becomes indif- 
 penfably necefiary the accounts of the fociety fhould be clofed, and their books balanced witli 
 more difpatch than can be expected, fhould black gomaltahs and agents be employed ; for thi» 
 reafon, and becaul'e we are willing to promote, to the utmoit of our power, a fcherae that ap- 
 pears v/ell calculated from. your ir.terelt and the public benefit, we have permitted the Commit- 
 tee cf Trade 10 appoint European agents for difpofing of the fociety's concerns at certain efta- 
 blifiied marts in different parts of the country : and for this purpofe, Company's fervants 
 
 • could not be fpared from the prtfiderfcy and fubordinatcs ; thofe agents arc therefore chofcn 
 from the lift of free merchants, with the utinoft attention to their charadter and former beha- 
 viour ; befides which, we have (trictiy confined them to the buiinefs of the fociety, by fuch 
 fevere penalties and reitriiftor.s as we think mull effectually prevent their giving offence or 
 moleltation : fhould we find thefe limitations infufficient to fecure the peace ot tlie country, 
 and remove all caufe of complaint, we are then determined to recal them, and commit the 
 bufiiiefs to black agents. 
 
 11. Further to aifiit this valuable branch of commerce, and promote the credit of the in- 
 fant fociety, the governor and council have, at the requeft of the committee, figned and ex- 
 ecuted a deed, for the belter fecuring the fociety the free and cxclufive purchate and file of 
 the articles of lalt, 5<c. from the firft of September 1765 to the 3cth of Auguft 1766, allow- 
 ing a fuffioicnt time to difpole of fuch ftock as may be provided for the feafon, in oriier to 
 prevent the great lofs that mult arife to the proprietors, fliould any alteration take place by 
 your order, after the concerns for the year are begun, and before the fame are concluded. Wc 
 heKf'jre ilattcr ourfelves with your entire approbation of this tneafure, Co eflcntiai to the 
 
 .due
 
 APPENDIX, No. 46. 
 
 due execution of the plan formed by your ptrmiflion, and with ail pofTiblc regard to your 
 interefr. 
 
 12. Our proceedings point out clearly the increafc of your rents ifluing from the Calcutta 
 lands ; and the feveral minutes entered upon that fubjeiTt explain our fentiments on the prof- 
 pect we h:ive of rating the Furgunnahs fiill higher, without exaction or oppreJRon. It evident- 
 ly appears to us, tha" confidcrabie frauds were formerly committed in thcfe coUcftions ; with 
 a view of correfJing which, we have determined that the kafcs granted to the prt-fenc farmers 
 /hould expire on tiie 1 (I day of Sc()temhcr next ; by th.it time we hope to fuul leifure tj sicer- 
 tain their value more exactiv, at le.iil wc rtial! ihen iilcnce tiie cidmour of the inhiibiunis agiainlf 
 what they deem a monopoly, by univerfaliy diffufing and extending the benefit arifni:: froix 
 the pofTeiTion of lands, among the moft fubibntial and rcfpedtabie banyans and black merchants 
 living under your proteftion. 
 
 13. Molt cari;eilly do we wifli that fuch flinnitful embezzlement of the public rr.oney were 
 confined to thoie lands, fitusted more immediately under the eves of the governor and council, 
 fiiice nothing but the L^reateft inattention and mifconduiSl: could then prevctit the doteflion of 
 abufes ; but fiiould a general depravity of manners prevail, and your ierv::nts acting in the 
 higheft ftations be reitraincd neither by motives of contcience nor by principles of honour, the 
 dilcovcry of frauds at places remote from the prefidency will then become more difncult, and 
 merely accidental : this evidently appears from the ftate of the Midnapoor revenues, which for 
 three years pail have yielded 2,52,000 rupees more than ever were placed, as they ought, to the 
 Company's credit. Our recalling the faiitory, and appointing Mr. Verelft fupervifor, and Mr. 
 Graham refident at Midnapoor, under his direction, oiought this unwarrantable tranlaciion to 
 light, which might otherwife have lain in profound obfcurity, until chance had produced a re- 
 lident, whofc fen le of honour ai\d feelings of confcience were ftronger than the iinpulles of pri- 
 vate intereft. For your further information, we beg leave to r- fer you to Mr. Verclft's letter, 
 and the ftatement ofthofe revenues inferred in the accompanying lift of packet. Yet, fortunate 
 to the Company as this difcovery will certainly be confidered, we mull confefs it occafions 
 great embarraflmcnt to our proceedings, unlefs we would deviate, on the one hand or tho oihei, 
 from that duty which we owe to our conltituents. it was firmly our intention to avoid further 
 retrofpection of the conduct of an adminiftration (o notorioufly corrupt and meanly venal 
 throughout every department, in hopes the examples already made would lufficiently deter 
 others, and work a reformation : It was the corredtion of abufes, and not the pur.ifiiment of 
 mifcondu<5i, that we propofed ; although we endeavoured to avoid expofing ourfelves cither f) 
 the cenfure of partiality, or the heavier charge of unfaithfulnefs to our employers. In this, 
 as in many other iiiftances, we confidcr that a fcrutinv into the particulars of the embezzle- 
 ment would be unprofitable to you, when it would at the fame time occafion great obftructioii 
 to our confultations, and might end in the neceffity of diminifhing tue number of your council, 
 already much reduced by the death of one, tiie fufpenfion of another, and the rcfignation ol four 
 members of the board. Mult farther beg leave to obferve, that we cannot help regarding the 
 late refident, as tar lefs culpable than any of his immediate predecefTors, who may be faid to 
 have chalked out the path, and guided his (leps by the falfe light that mifled him. Certain ic 
 is, that fhould you difappiovc our lenity, the fame decree in law or equity, which will oblijje 
 Mr. Watts to refund, will alfo oblige his predecelFors to make reltitution. From thefe conli- 
 derations therefore, we refolve to leave it in the option of your honourable board, to profecute 
 or rejinquiih your claim to fuch balances as ought to have been applied to your credit; con- 
 tenting ourfelves with giving you the neceflary information of faints, and taking the moft ef- 
 fectual means to prevent fucfi pradiices in future. 
 
 14. For reafons of a fimilar nature, we decline rcfuming any further confideration of the con- 
 duct of the board and deputation during the late negociaiions at Moorlhedabad. Already our 
 confultations have been too much interrupted with cavilling debate and faction : we are heartily 
 fick of the fruitlefs labour of raking in thejakes of corruption, and fliould we enter upon frtfh 
 inquiries, we muft aeain wholly fuipcnd the courfc of current bulinefs. You have b.;foie you 
 fuff.cicnt proofs whether the gentlemen diftiiiguilhed molt zeal for your fervice, or attachment 
 10 their own intereft ; and ftiould you be difpofed, f-r the fake of example, to attempt the reco- 
 vering of thofe fums, obtained (o unwarrantably from the Nabob and his minilUrs, wc ap- 
 prehend the evidences tranfmitlsd -re llron-; and explicit tnou;ih to ground an adtion upon in 
 any court of judicatuic. 
 
 Pa. 15. — It remains wiih us to offer a few remarks upon that 1. 'tier, which Mr. Johnftor.e 
 fent into the board, juft as the Admiral Stevens wa:. under fail ; as it he apprehended, Icjft 
 fome bold aflcrtions he advanced, might be refuted before he was out of reach of the Ihamc 
 confequent on detedion ; many of thtte aifcrtioni arc io mean, fo contrary to truth, and 10 
 Ml. Johniionc'i own knowledge, that we read them with equal lurprizc and contempt ; fcnfi- 
 lle that he muftbe hard prefl'id indeed, to fupport a finking riputation, who has lecourfe to 
 tUlfnood to jultity milconduct. 
 
 16. This gentleman thinks it neceflary, after three months preparation, to apologize for a 
 lame and uirfeafbnable defence, by affirming, that lie was denied .11 accefs to the papers, n- 
 lativc to himlclf, until a few days before his departure, Mr. Johnllone forgot that he acknow- 
 leges the receipt of thofe very papers in a note he wrote to our fecreury, in the month of June, 
 
 c befoie
 
 A p P E -N X) I X, No. 4<). I 
 
 b.fore he came to any determination ; v.-hich note is now in the fecretary's pojTcffion ; he alfo 
 ZIZ thatThe letters of McfiVs. Senior .nd Middleton, iaf.rted .n our proceedings of the 21ft 
 Sfune prove harall the evidences and proceedn.gs upun that occahon were regularly tranf- 
 ^nitteS r'o tLofe'g mlcnen who were not prelent at the Board-He au:,ht therefore to ava 1 !;_ n- 
 ^clf of thefirft pla, and refufe rather to acknowledge the authority ot the Lon.m.itee, than thus 
 
 " V:^^ ^'^; lund^f^l^ilS-.earning wh.ch Mr. Jahnftone dHplays in the country lavage 
 
 .= . ,„,! „,„:-.l he is at 'eiiBili lorceJ to conttcuc it into a lignification, that iniiili.> a Uroiigtr 
 ° r,hrcnnoff,birbe~nevedinth.wor<lsolo,,rt.a„ila,io,.i tl,« l.all a.i,a,M,unc» 
 S;L K " htS e wXnlble any mai, to Jc.crinii,., whatc, i„ ,h. c.icu,„IUi,cc 
 
 ct;L";°"- • ■ ^;r:;ii;,:rtt;'ot'..cut:i^ii'r.,;at "'".u. . wh.,... ,h. ot».-t ,.i,;,h„. . 
 
 ""Z jThXL' SLttr'byt;- o.' S'it, 01, t,„ i,»na.em.„, of the Co.^itte.-, That 
 
 ^''whti^^i'rela'^^^^^^^ our opinion of Mr. Le^ccfter, delivered in our proceedu.gs of the 21ft 
 of \un is al o verv tru.. That ecntlerr.an haJ, jo.n.ly wth Mr. Johnltonc, received b.lla 
 ?ron M R. Cawn ; 'but as he declared upon oath, Tnat i>e had no .nten:.on ot ''--'^;- n| ^J 
 them it was furely incumbent on the Comnuttec to acMUU h.m in a pubhc op.n.on.- We Ihould 
 have acquiued Mr. Johnltone hkew.ic, if h. h.d n-.adc the .ame lole.nn declaration ; but oar 
 JivueS n..ents of that oath we ihould have referveJ, as ...Mr. Lcyccikr s cale, to our letter 
 lo tne Co" rt of Dirccturs ; for an oath may filence an accufat.on ot crnnes, but it doih nor ne- 
 rptr 'ilv produce conviilion of innocence. . ■.» . i, •„ 1 . 
 
 M ^ohpftone h... tacked to this extraordinary defence, certain letters written to h.m by 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn, and his own agent Mooteiam, as voucher, lor his good behaviour,, 
 dunnrthe ne.ociat,on. With refpec-^ t^ thefe letters, --. -"'^f '^^^'=' ^ '^^.^ '^^^/.t f ," 
 umedat a peilod when it may reafonably be fuppofcd, that luch tellinu.n.cs durft not be efu.ed 
 on account of the extraordinary authority which Mr. Johnftone had jull belo.e aflumed at the 
 
 ^if mav alfo be obferved from M. R. Cawn's letter. That great apprehenfions were conceived, 
 
 1 Jft Se nabob ftould o^me to Calcutta, to lay his complaim. befoie the Committee ; and Mr 
 
 fohnftone knows that interelt wa= made with the then reliJent, to prevail on him to exert his 
 
 Johnitone knows tna .^ ^^^ ^^ ^^,^^1^ ^^^^ ^^,,,g much honour to 
 
 •Sepf dor Wrieave^ Honourable Board to determine, Wnecber, at 
 
 t: bdt hrt.flimonies will juftify Mr. 'j.hnltone fiom the ^haa-eor extortion a^.d w igh 
 
 :t.u againa the inoit po^tue .v^.e that ^^^^Sl^l^:^^^:^, t^^ ^! R. 
 r'"' firlf Jetntirn take5 T. t^c U ati^ dlS made in 'the name of the deputation_A 
 
 edSurna? of error and mifreprefentation, fo evident in every p.ge or n,s letter. Perm t us 
 
 teJioui maze u. r , , , j^e proceedim^s themleives, and to Lord ^ 
 
 Sfmi-'tf in; t ^f^n^Cmbtl 7t Selca Lmmittel. entered in the appendix 4 
 
 Clive s minute, anu . u c;,^^,,.,,. As to Mr. Tohnltonc's management in the Burdwan ■ 
 
 :;l!;,",r.r,»=n';o .i';!^or=; t'al'^nisrto «,. joho«o„, h. .. ai..„>,„, ■ 
 
 '° .T'you will obfcive fro», >h= cohfultations. That Mr. Leyc=lkr ftai.ds MfcM, and 
 that'vir Gr V ef^d .h= fc,«ic» while h.. condua dating his readence at Ma«lda wa> under 
 
 ?o"fiS;.tt' ; [fe Board : j— L''t,Cte7'wtr.e sr ^:"zf,!:S:^r't 
 
 'Bl,"d"''""l^ho :»::" arr rre:!'S.S7:£i'e,::'';e;i.».«n, ., L „„. wh,ch a^ua.ed f.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 46, 
 
 Committee, when me might with propriety, and indeed ought to have faff cr.Jed them the 
 J^rvice fet up a determined oppolition, and\lared to ridicule ami infu t .he government upon 
 il occ.r.ons • yet wc bore th>s ulage with patience, oct of regard to your luaai>on and 
 reoi^ed o ,he r m.nntes with temper, until Mr. Leyceikr pro.e«cd to lucl. l.ngcl.. oM.cen- 
 ouf ntr as tended to involve the fettlement in annrchy anu cv.l d.lient.ons He publ.llK-d .n 
 ex," en:.o;,, haft.ly dropped by General Carnac at the board, wth luch additional ^J^^-lig^^' 
 vS* circumOanccs, Z were befr calculated to r.-tfe a ierment ,n the mmds of the pcpc, and 
 exc te the n.'.wbitants to open Icdition. The alarm that we were abm.t to miroduce a m.ntary 
 covcrnm.nt became fo general, wc thr.uiht it incumbent on us, to tra.c the author of lucn 
 Sa'^eru.ca umny,-and upon' conv.c.rm, that Mr. Leycellcr had .orged and pubhfl.edn. 
 S a defi.^n of weakening the hands of AdmimlUation, we juJgcd it n-x^llary to .u:pe.iJ b.m, 
 
 as unworthy his (lation in your fervicc. rv 1 , „o 
 
 "« We need not take uo your time, in jultifying a mealare that b.c.-ime ,nd,lpcnf.Uy nc- 
 rtlTarv unlels we meant to relinquiih all attempts to cffea that general .oiormation, 1. dluu.al 
 to the^'^ab" ity and permanency of yo.r polfemons. Mr. Leycelto had llrenuouny oppo'ed ev^ry 
 measure whh tended to the correction <' f abufes ; and e.cn wh,le he was adm. in the vapacny 
 o a maeUtrateand jud.c, moft fhamefuHv endeavouud to .upprels, pcrveitand f hUe ^v.don.es 
 relative to Mr. Gray's ^-^nduct. His own minute upon the occal.on, >hat produced his fu!- 
 pe on foltronglv points out the violent defi^ns he entertained, th.t we would ht no lon^ r ac 
 th i Board, with anv re.ard to our own charaCten-, or prolped of advantage to your f.rv.ce 
 VromThe loud cry railed by Mr. Gray and him againil military force and a,b,.rary pow.r, one 
 M n^t .^allvco-K^iv^ the prcfident had deprived half the Bnt.ll. lub e.cls m the lettlemcnt ot 
 reKbrLgh.Th^tai however, w.s n'othing mo-e, than that Lard Cl-ve had ordere a 
 .^:d^; Uvs over Re^naut, a^man o^;;;;^— ^^^^-^^.^I :^^bmffi;^r^^^o ^Z 
 tS;trc:S^c;n'rrLt jL::;e h^L^l^tieSylecome ^bjea to the puniflnnent to which 
 !h,(e laws condemn h,s offences ; whereas numberlefs inllances occur, in (o.mer governments in 
 tti of n mTs" 1 habitants ;f Calcutta, brmgconfined by.n,l|tar> guards upon accufatmns 
 tiS'itelvle cmleouenceto tne public weal -In Ihort, thefe two gentlemen were fo c^f- 
 ot innnitLiy icis toiiii.iiu>.M r ,1,. /...j. ,,f .heir humour that we are hrmly convinccj 
 
 h ol LfTuifify n'tle r conduct to jouV fau^facfon. and of return.ng again to the management 
 VTLr concc^^^^^^ Bengal; fhould this event ever happen, we have only to w.ih, and wc 
 
 ^ „Hv Ho wi 1 akhou h contrary to all human probab.Hty, that your arta.rs may prolper 
 '" The^a^d b ng now r.lced tar heneath the eftablilhment we propoled. and to a number 
 
 r fh-.r tmm i iill of fourteen junior merchants, we are not able to elect a number lut- 
 icpcat, that rom a liit '';'"""'■''" J ', ,' Hoard, unlefs wc abandon ah hopes of 
 
 '"' :'d'th^H::e'rdnffes' f a :: /r ^Kaam nl ILionable hope from the r cordial ferv.ce. 
 [m^ffhefh ^f It the w4n ^ ^"^ experienced the induence of example. bt,l , 
 
 T r^weftoud be k.rrv to deprive them of all proipect of riling, by promo.mg ihe.r jun.u.. 
 oHbh d^^i^ lint nnc7;::r.e,^nd the certain^Murance that merit, not Uan.mg. will en- 
 
 in council at »" ^^^-l f ^ " ^^ , ^^^^^ '^^^'Je; h^^^^^^ their hands to the memorial ot
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 46. 
 
 every mnn who deviates from this confederacy is to he ftigmatized and a\'oided : in a word, 
 tiie members are totally to feparate themfclvcs from the head ; decorum and union arc to be fet 
 at defiance; and it becomes a fair Ihiigjle whether we or the young gentlemen (hall in future 
 friiide the helm of Government. Look at their names, examine their ibnding, enquire into 
 their fervices, and rifled upon the age of four fifths of the fubfcribers to this bill of grievances, 
 who now fiipporc the afTociation, and you will I'C equally furprized with us at the prelumptuous 
 intemperance oi youth, and convinced that a ftep of three or four years in the couric of pro- 
 motion is indifpenfibly neceilary, if you would have your Council compofed of men of experience 
 and difcretion. 
 
 21. From this fketch of the behaviour of your junior fervants, you will perceive the danser- 
 oiis pitch to which the indL-pendaiit and licentious fpirit of this fetciemcnt hath rilen ; you will 
 then determine on the neccirity and propriety of the ftep we have taken. In the mean time 
 we are refolved to iupport it, or we mull fubmit to the anarchy and confulion confL-quent on 
 ru'>jccting tlic decrees of your Select Committee to t.'ierevifal and repeal of youn;: j;enrlemen 
 juft broke loofe from the hands of their Sclioolmaftcr ; earneftly do we wilh that every mem- 
 ner of this board h-id cordially joined in the fame fLrncimt-nts, fmrc dilknts lerve only to break 
 the force of refolutiuns, to weaken authority, and give vigour and courage to faction and 
 and difobedience : As to the point of indignity of which your Petitioners complain, nothing 
 can be more evident, than that the Committee regarded the prelent fuperfelfion as lefs injurious 
 than a felcition wouiJ be from this eftabliHimcnt, fince v/e even declined promoting upon this 
 occafion the very penbns whom we particularly recommended to the molt diltinguilhincr 
 marks of your favour: in this light it is confidered in every other feru.ice, and we doubt not 
 but it would have been fo confidered in this fervice, had iuch promotion been the choice of 
 the Cominittee. 
 
 21. Our proceedings explain the motives of our conduct, and alfo the m?afurrs we inforced 
 tn reduce ihc fettlement to order and obediei ce. Mr. Majendie, the fecretary to the council, 
 is difniified from hij ofHce, and fufpended the fervice for having eminently diiti.Tguilhed himfeif 
 in forming a combination fo unwarrantable in itielf, io dangerous in the prelt;u conjunitare, 
 and fo peculiarly unbecoming to his age, to his itation, and his empicjyment ; Ihould this ex- 
 ample fuffice, we filall avoid proceeding to the extremity of punilhing with the lofs of bread, 
 voung men who have been artfully fpirited up to faction, to gratify the relcntmeiit and promote 
 the felfiCi views of men in whom you have repofed unmerited, and much abufed confidence. 
 
 You will be aftoniO ed to obferve at the head of this lift, two members of your council who 
 fuhfcribe their names in teftimony of their fenle of the injuftice done lo the younger fervants ; 
 poffibly this tellimony might have weight with your honourable board, had thoi'e gentlemen lint 
 cleared up their conduct from certain imputations, whtch intimate how little their intereft dif- 
 pofes them to co-nperate in a reformation for the public benefit ; at all events, whether the 
 proceeding of the Committee be in itfelf right or wrong, it is moit certainly their duty to reprcts 
 every factious combination, to temper the heat and vehemence of youth, to maintain the autnori- 
 ty ot the board, and to avoid giving countenance to a f-ditiousand rebellious humour, that might 
 have produced the fubveifion of government, and the moll tatal conlequences to the Company's 
 affairs, before your decificn could arrive. 
 
 23. This incident occuring four days only before the difpatch of the fliip, you will notexpeiS 
 that our letter from the puiilic department fhnuld enter fo minutely into tUe rranfadtions of the 
 board, as we propofcd ; the bufmefs is now fuddenly taken up by Mr. Campbell our fecretary, 
 who, we are aliured, will exert his utmoll ability: but he requelts, you will pleafe to make an 
 allowance for the ftiortnefsof time, and his total unacquaintance with all that has been iranfaCled 
 in that department. 
 
 24. We have the fatisfadlicn to acquaint vou, that Sujah Dowlah appears well difpofed to 
 cultivate our friendfliip and adhere ftrictly to the conditions of the late tre.-.ty ; Colonel Smith's 
 Brigade is now ftationed at Illahabad and ijenaras, to fecure the King and Vizier againll the in- 
 vafions of the Morrattoes, until they have fully re-ellabhihea themielves, and payment of the 
 ftipulatcd indemnification to the Company is completed: His Majefty's vifionary projcils of 
 I'eating iiimfelf with our afhllance on tne throne of his anccltors, and proceeding to Delhi, his 
 capital, feem to have vanilhed before the Committee's remonftrances ; we hope he is at length 
 convinced, that without us the fcheme is impracticable, and we are certain it ncv^r can be our 
 intereft to extend the influence of your arms to lo great a diftancc irom your prelent pofTeflions, 
 and the feat of your government. 
 
 25. Opening a communication betwen the Northern Circar and Bengal, mull prove mutually 
 advantageous to your prelidcncy at Kort Saint George, and to us ; we have therctore determin- 
 ed to embrace the favourable opportunity which the prefent feeble condition of the Morattoes 
 afib:d<;, to carry this meafure into execution, and have for that purpofe fet on foot a negotiation 
 With their chief, whereby we propofe he fhall cede to us the Northern pans of Orixa now in 
 his pcfleffion, upon our confenting to pay a certain ftipulatcd annual revenue; whatever his de- 
 termination may be, it is our rclolution not to attempt gaining this advantage by violence or 
 force of arms : Peace is at length happily reftored to theic provinces, and it will be the ftudy 
 
 of
 
 A P P E N D r X, No. 47, 4S. 
 
 of this Committee to preferve and prolong thefe advantages which you already begin to experi- 
 ence. 
 
 We remain with the warmed zeal for your fcrvice, and the grcatcft rcfpefl, 
 Fort William. Honourable Sirs, 
 
 the 31ft January J766. Your moft faithful humble fervants, 
 
 Clive, 
 
 ^V. 15. Sumner, 
 John Carnac, 
 H. Verelst, 
 Fra. Syk.es. 
 
 No. 47. 
 
 ExtrcclofCorr.pany'i Letter to Bengal, 15//; February 1 765. 
 39. Tl^ our letters of the 8th February and ift June laft, we gave you our fentiment? and di- 
 1- redions very tully in refpedl to the inland trade of Bengal ; we now enforce the fame in 
 the llrongert manner, and pofitively infift that you take no ftcps whatever towards renewing this 
 Trade without our exprefs leave; for which purpofe you muft not fail to give us the <u)left 
 information upon the fubjcdl, agreeable to our above mentioned diredtions. 
 
 40. The enforcing; our faid orders is the more indifpenfably neccff.iry from our obfervin» the 
 complaints of the prefjnt Nabob, taken notice of and refered to in your Icparatc letter ot the 
 20th Februury 1764, relating to the many Difficulties, Hardihips, and OpprcHi )i;s he meets 
 with resulting from the before mentioned unwarrantable and licentious trade — W'c have fuch an 
 intire confidence in Lord Clive's great abilities and good intentions, that we make no doubc 
 thefe great abufes will be the particular objeds of his care and attention, and that he yvill be 
 able to carry theic our orderi effectually into execution. 
 
 No. 48. 
 
 Company i Later tj Bengal, 26th April 1765. 
 ao.T X jTE are«xtrcmely anxious for the arrival of Lord Clive, and the gentlemen who accom- 
 VV panicd him; as they have been fo lately in England, they are the beft judges of the 
 opinion the Company and the n.ition entertain of the conduct of the Eiigliih in Bengal, for 
 thefe laft four years, which, we are forry to fay, is in general, that they hive been gailty of 
 violating treaties, of great opprefiion, and a combination t'y enrich themlclves. 
 
 21. We donot here m;.in to enter int) a dilcuihon refpeiSliii r the politic.il conduit of our late 
 governor and council, but muft hy, that an unbounlsd tauit after richss ferns to hivepol'- 
 JeiTed the whole bodyof our Icrvants, to that degree, that they have loft all fight of j jftice to the 
 country government, and of their duty to the Company. 
 
 22. In reading the opinions of th.: feverai member* of the late Council, refj^eiting this illegal 
 trade, by which we mean the articles of fait, beetle-nut and tobacco, we are aftoinftied to find 
 .thofe among them, who pretended to found their right on the Phirmaunds. 
 
 2j. Treaties of commerce are underllood to b-:; for th; m itual benefit of t\". contracSinj 
 parties : is it then polTiblc to fuppofe, th-it the court of Delhi, by connrmini; the privilege of 
 trading free of cuftoms, cuuld mean an inland trade in the cominoJities of their own country, 
 at that period unpraclifed and unthought of by theEnglilh, to the detriment of their revenues, 
 and the ruin of their own merchants .' we do not find th<it fuch a conftructijn was ever heard 
 «if until our own fervants firll invented it, and afterwards fup[>ortcd it by violence; — neither 
 could it be claimed by the fubfequent treaties with iVIccr Jafficr <ir ColTmi Ally, which were 
 never undcrftood to give one additional privilege of trade beyond what the Phinnauiids exprefTed ; 
 in fhort, the fpecious arguments ufed by thole who pretended to fet up a n^ht to it, Cfmrince 
 us thev did not want judgment, hut virtue, to withlland the temptation of fuddenly amainng a 
 great fortune, ahhough acquired by ineans incompatible with the peace of the country and their 
 duty to the Company. 
 
 2+. Eiiually blameable were they, who acknowledging they had no right to it, and fcnfihic 
 of the III coiif qu-nces rcfultiiig from aliumiiig it, have neverthelcfs carried on this trade, and 
 ufed the authority of the Company to obt.;iii by a treaty cxadcd by violence, a fanftioa for a 
 trade to enrich themfelves without the leaft regard or advantage to the Company, whofe forc-.s 
 they employed to protect them in it. 
 
 25. Had this fhort queltion be<:ii put, which their duty ouL'ht firft to have fuggcftod. Is it 
 for the intereft of our c'mploycrs !■ they would not have hefitaled one moment .ibout it, but this 
 criterion feems never once to have occurred. 
 
 26. All barriers being thus br-.keii down between the Eiiglilh and the country Govcrnmcn:, 
 and every thing out of its pro|>er channel, we are at a lufs how to predribc means to reftore 
 order from this confufion, and being deprived of that confidence which we hoped we might 
 have placed m thole fervants, who appear to have been the adors in ihtle Itrange Icenes, \vc. 
 can only fay, that we rely on the 7-e.U and abilities of Lord Llivc and the CJciulcmen of :he 
 Scledt Committee, to remedy thefe evils : we hope they will reftore our reputation among the 
 country powers, and convince them of our abhorrence of opprcf:»oa aiid rapacioufnefs. 
 
 f No. 40,
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 49, 50. 
 No. 4^, 
 
 Company's Letter to Lord Clive, 
 My Lord, 
 
 WE have with the greateft pleafurc received the news of your Lordfliip's arrival in gooi 
 health at the Cape of Good Hope; and although your paflage to that place was not fa 
 cxpeditioui as we could have wi/hed, we hope the winds proved more favourable in the latter 
 part of your voyage, and that this lct;er will find your Lordfhip in health and fafety at Fort 
 William. 
 
 Our advices from Bengal in a feparate letter of the 27th Seotember laft, make us anxious for 
 the iflue of the war againit Shujah Dowlah and Coflim Ally Cawn ; we hope the expedation of 
 your Lordfhip's arrival will have had a happy influence on our affairs, by hafteniiig the con- 
 clufion of that expeniive war, and leiving you at full leifure to attend to the eftablilhment of 
 a firm and lafting peace, to the regulation of the trade in fait, beetle nut, tobacco, and other 
 articles, that it may be adjufted on fuch a plan, to the fatisfaSion and with concurrence of theNa- 
 bob, as may redound to the honour of the Company, and effeftually prevent the confufion and 
 oppreflion that have fprung from the abufes prattifed in it of late years, to the redudtion of our 
 enormous military expences, to the eftablifhmsnt of good order among our civil fervants, 
 cifcipline in our army, and harmony in the fcttlement : thefe, my Lord, are our fanguine eX- 
 pedtations, founded on the experience of your great abilities, and zeal for the Company's fcrvicc, 
 in which we have the fuUeft confidence ; and we muft beg leave to add our opinion, that fuccefs 
 in thefe great points will redound as much to your LorJlhip's reputation, as any of the greaC 
 actions by which you have already been dilHnguilhed. 
 
 Your Lord(hip may be afiur^d of our firmeft fupport in every thing that can be fuggeftcd of 
 propofcd for the profperity ot the Company, an^l your own honOBr. 
 We are, my Lord, 
 
 Your Lordfhip's lo%'ing Friends, 
 
 Henry Crabb Boulton. J. Crefwicke. 
 
 George Dudley. John Harrifon.. 
 
 Jofias du Pr.. Charles Curts. 
 
 John Stephenfon. Robert Jones. 
 
 Thomas Saunders. J. Purling. 
 
 Edward Wheeler. Frederick PigoH. 
 
 George Cuming. Henry Savage. 
 
 Henry Hadley. E. H. Crutenden. 
 
 John Roberts. Thomas Rous. 
 
 Charles Chambers. Luke Scrafton. 
 
 J. Pardee, F. W. Barringtouu 
 
 London, 26th April, 1765. 
 
 No. 50. 
 
 Extraii cf a Letter from the Court of Direifors to the Preftdent and Council at Fort IFtlliamf 
 
 dated i^th December, 1765. 
 jQ "YTOUR deliberations on the inland trade have laid open to us a fcene of moft cruel 
 A oppreflion, which is indeed exhibited at one view of the 13th article of the Na- 
 bob's complaints, mentioned thus, — in your confultation of the 17th Odober, 1764, " The 
 *' poor of this country who ufid always to deal in fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, are now de- 
 ♦» prived of their daily bread, by the trade of the Europeans, whereby no kind of advantage 
 «' accrues to the Company, and the Goverment's revenues are greatly injured." We fhall for 
 the prefent obferve to you, that every one of our fervants, concerned in this trade, has been 
 guilty of a breach of his covenants and difobtdience to our orders. In your confutations of 
 the 3d of May, we find among the various extortionate pradices, the moft extraordinary one 
 of buriaut, or forcing the natives to buy goods beyond the market price, which you tliere ac- 
 knowledge to have been frequently pradtifed. 
 
 II. In vour refolution to prevent this pradice, you determine to forbid it, " but with fuch 
 ♦« care and difcretion as not to affc£t the Company's inveftment, as you do not mean to inva- 
 " lidate the right derived to the Company from their Phirmaund, which they have always held 
 " over their weavers," as tne Company are known to purchafe their inveftment by ready money 
 only, we require a full explanation how this can affect them, or how it ever could have been 
 pradtifcd in the purchafe of their inveftment, which tbc latter part of Mr. Johnftone's minute 
 entered on confultation the 21ft July, 1764, infinuates, for it would almolt juftify a fufpicioa 
 that the goods of our fervants have been put off to the weavers, in part payment of the Com- 
 pany's inveftment j therefore we diredt you to make a rigid fcrutiny into this affair, that we 
 m.iy know if any of our fervants, or thofc employed under them, have been guilty of fuch a 
 breach of truft, that their names and all the circumftances may be known to us. 
 
 tz. We
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 51- 
 
 12. We alfo order you to give us the particular inftances which have confirmed you in yonr 
 opinion that the Hurjaut has been pradtifcd, that we may know whofe agents they wert, and 
 whether the agents who pradlifed it, were countenanced and proteded in it by their niafters. 
 
 13. Mr. Johnftone's minute on confultation, the 21ft July, 1764, cannot efcapc our notice, 
 wherein he fays, " the fupport of theCc, and our other privileges, lu their full extent againd the 
 *' ufurpations of the late Nabob, engaged us in this unhappy war, and after fo many valuable 
 " lives loft in the defence of them, I Ihall ever be againft parting with them, or hazarding the 
 ♦« lofs of them, without greater and better caufe than has ytt appeared, and till afti^r we have 
 " found by experience, that all other remedies are in vain." 
 
 14. As the privileges here meant principally relate to the unwarranted inland trade, in which 
 our own fervants have been fo generally concerned, greatly to the prejudice of the Company, 
 by involving their affairs in diftrefles and difficulties, and manifcflly injurious to the counuy 
 government, of which every one of you cannot but be fully fenfible, we fay we cannot avoid 
 talcing notice of the faid opinion, as by it Mr. Johnftone fccms to pi.rfevere in ail events to 
 prefer the private iiitertft of individuals to the general good, (o far as refpcdts the faid inland 
 trade. — If Mr. Johnllone continues in thefe fcntimcnts, as from the general tenor of his conJudt 
 we have too much reafon to apprehend, he cannot but be looked upon as a dangerous fcrvant ; 
 therefore if he, or any other perfoiis, flull ptrfifl in carrying on a trade, wnich, as before 
 cbferved, has been attended with fo many bad confequences, we would have Inm or them dif- 
 inifted the Company's fervice. 
 
 15. We (hall fay nothing further at prefent oil the inland trade, till that important fubjedt 
 fhall have been taken up by Lord Ciive, and the (jemlemen of the Selctl Committee, only to 
 obeferve that the regulation propofcd in confukation, 17th 0(3oberj 1764, of confining the 
 trade of our fervants in the article of fait, to the capital cities of Patna, Dacca, and Moorflie- 
 dabad, on paying the Nabob 2 {• per cent, is a maniftli difobedience of our orders oi the Sch 
 February, then under your deliberation, which pofitively forbid all trade in fait, beetle nut, and 
 tobacco, nor does it by any means obviate the objck^ljons arifuig from the diftrefs of the poor, 
 and the injury to his revenues ; for if you pay only_2 f per cent, and the country people 20, or 
 perhaps 40 per cent, it is as much a monopoly a» ever. 
 
 16. For other licenfcd trade we think ii iiecelfary to eftablifh, that all trade to be carried on 
 within the provinces where fa<5ioric» are ettabliflied, (hall be carried on by our fervants at fuch 
 faiSlories, and their agents only who (hall tranfadl the bufmefs of our other fervants on receiving 
 the eftablifhcd commKRon ; and on any refulal to accept fuch commi/Tion, or any tendency to 
 monopolize, the fervants of Calcutta, or other parts, are at liberty to fend their own black Go- 
 maftahs, who are neverthelels to be accountable for their conduct to the Company's fervants 
 within whofe juiifdiclion they rclide. — All diftri£ts not comprehended ivichin the jurifJiciion 
 
 of each fubordinate (hall be conlidered as within the jurifdidion of the board of Calcutta. • 
 
 That no duilucks (hall be given but for articles of import and export, as was formerly prac- 
 tifed i and you are to fend us a lift of whatever falls under this denomination. 
 
 No. 51. 
 
 At a SeleQ; Confultation, the isth Auguft 1766 ; 
 
 PRESENT, 
 The Right Honourable i^ord Clive, Prcfident, 
 
 Willianj li. Sumner Elq. 
 B. G. Carnac, 
 Harry Veielft, Efq. 
 
 I'^HEPrfident acquaints the Committee, that he hascertain intelligence of the exorbitant prices 
 at which the merchants who had purchafcd from the Society wcic now idling I'ait in the 
 Bazar, contrary to the terms of their contrail, and regaidjcfs of the following regulations 
 cftablifhed by the Committee of Trade, 
 
 Committee, June the 12th 1766. 
 
 That, in older to prevent the purchalcrs, by having cngrofTcd the whole fait to be difpofcd of 
 in the different diftricls, r:iil!ng the price in the Bazars lo high as to be an opprcffion to the in- 
 habitants, we rclcrvc to ourfelves to regulate, in cafe of complaint, the price lalt (liall be 
 fold at in the Bazars by ri-tail, which (hall be fettled in fuch a manner that the purchalcrs of 
 the Committee may be enabled to make 13 per profit, if fold on the fpot, and 17 i-half, if tran- 
 J'portcd from the place they purchafe it at, allowing forrifk and charges. 
 
 Agreed the purchafers be called before us to aftign reafons for their deviating from the cxprefs 
 terms of their agreement, and from the pofitive orders of the Committee of Trade. 
 
 Coffinaut being called in, and interrogated, acknowlcgcs that he is ap]n)intL-d an agent by hi« 
 partner , tor difpofing of the fait purchafed by him and divers others, black merchants from tuc 
 iSoctety ; and that he had difpofcd of the fame at Colbaria and Calcutta, in the manner fpccificd 
 in the following ftatenicnts, 
 
 Caulburia.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 52. 
 
 Coolburia, 
 
 Saphuleram Gofe 500 a 210 1,050 
 
 ShakeboUa — — 300 a 220 660 
 
 Shakehiattee — — 200 a 220 440 
 
 Nazar Mahomed — 200 a 220 440 
 
 Ozederam Ghofe — 1,000 a 220 2,200 
 
 Ramdulol Paul — — 450 a 225 1,012. 8 
 
 Bulram Cound 500 a 227 1,135 
 
 Manic Chund Shaw — 10,000 a 220 22, 000 
 
 Banchiram Mottee — 100 a 227 227 
 
 Ramdulol Paul — — 150 a 230 345 
 
 •Laferam, &c. — — 5,000 a 225 11,250 
 
 Luckicauiit Ghofe — 5,000 a 225 11,250 
 
 Bull am Mozendar — b.ooo a 225 13,500 
 
 29,400 65,509. 8 
 
 Calcutta, 
 
 Kiirenchund Sircar — 5,000 a 264 13,200 
 
 Juteram Cuno — — 5,000 a 264 13,200 
 
 Binud Seidur — — 2,000 a 264 5,280 
 
 Camdeb Shaw — 1,000 a 264 2,640 
 
 Roy Chund Beenga — 7C0 a 275 1,925 
 
 Maran Metah — — 5,000 a 27b i3,8"oo 
 
 Sapheelram Paul — 45,000 a 266 119,700 
 
 Gopaul Soure — 25,000 a 265 66,250 
 
 Kiflenmohone Ghofe 15,000 a 265 39,750 
 
 Kiflenchund Sercar — 10,000 a 273 27,300 
 
 113,700 303.045 
 
 113,700 Maunds, a 230 Rs. perMaund, is — — 261,510 
 
 41.535 
 
 It now appearing to the Committee, from the confeflion of Coflinaut and ttie particulars of 
 the above Statements, that the merchants who had contradled with the Society have fold to the 
 amount of 1 13,700 Maunds of fait, for the fum of 303,045 Rupees, whereas their agreement 
 itipulatesthey fhould fell for 261,510 Rupees, whence ariles a furplus profit to the merchants of 
 41,535 Rupees, levied upon the neccflities of the poor induflrious. 
 
 Agreed, That to prevent in future all fuch oppreffive and iniquitous pra(£lices, as may refleS 
 difhonour upon this government, we require of the above merchants to refund the furplus profit of 
 4 ''535 Rupees, the fame to be appropriated to fuch good and charitabie purpofes as the gover- 
 nor and council fliall direft ; or, in cafe of rcufal, withdraw from them the Company's pro- 
 tection : And that Coffinaut and his partners be called upon to pay into the Treafury their 
 feveral Ihares of furplus profit by the firft day of September next. 
 
 Ordtred, that the Sccrctay Ihall give public nonce of this our rcfolution. And 
 
 Alfo, that the remainder now on hand will be fold at the rate (lipulated with the Committee 
 of Trade, otherwifc the merchants fhall forfeit the Compay's proceciion. 
 
 Clive, 
 
 John Carkac, 
 
 ii. Verelst. 
 
 No. 52. 
 
 At a Seledl Confultation, 3d September 1765 ; 
 P R E S E N r, 
 The right Honourable Loid Clive, iVefident, 
 
 Bria;adi<:r General Carnac, 
 Harry Verelll-, Efq. 
 nPHE Right Honourable the Prefident lays before the Committee, the following Minute. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 Sometime before my departure from England, the Court of Directors debated upon the pro- 
 priety of futTeriiig their fervants in Bengal to trade in the articles of fait, beetle and tobacco ; 
 and it could not be expcfled, they would continue to thtm the enjoyment of thofe profitable 
 branches, unlefs means were devifed, by which the natives would no longer be opprefled, and 
 by which the nabob and the Company would largely partake of the advantages. Upon a firm 
 
 er«
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 52. 
 
 •perfuafion, that fuch means would be devifed, they were pleafeJ to defer their final Jetermina- 
 tion of ihis matter, till the fentiments of the Select Committee fijoulJ be tratifmitcea to them. 
 By all their letters of the la(t year, and by fevcral of this, they ftill kern inclined to wait for our 
 lepreientation ; but by ihcir letter of the iq:h February lalt, per Lord Camden, they pofitively 
 forbid their fervants to have am con c.-.i wharfoever in this trade. At that time, indeed, they 
 could not tiavt. had i.ie lelt idea of tne favour •; le change in the affairs of thefc provinces, wherc- 
 Ly the interelt of the Nabob, with regard to fait, is no Ion. er immediately concerned. 
 
 When we firit took this important matter into confideration, I joined in opinion with the 
 reft of the Committee, that if tne trade could be put u,)on fuc.l a footin:;, that the Nabo > Ihould 
 receive more than had been received by any of his prcdecelTors, the Coiipany be amplv conii- 
 dered, and the natives become purchak-rs upon terms full as reafonablc as in former times, the 
 •fervants mijiht be indulged in the privilege under fuch certain rules and reftnctions as would 
 make tne trade carry with it, as little as poflible, the odious form of a monopoly. Thefe points 
 having been fettled, I confeiited to the plan laid down laft year. My abfence from the preli- 
 dcncy, the multiplicity of affairs then in agitation, wherein the peace and tranquillity of the 
 provinces, the interelt of the Company, nvl the honour of the natim were more immediately 
 concerned, prevented my p.ivin? triat attention 1 could have wiflie.l to that imjiorcant object. 
 Although by the Acquilitio;! of the Dewannee, the whole of the duties belong to the Company, 
 and by tne dilii^cncc and zeal of tha members of the Committee of trad^-, manv ulci'ul reforma- 
 tio.TS had taicen place, yet. from my ooiervation when I was lalt up the country, and from the 
 heavy complaints againlt Europeans of the monopoly of trade in general, I find that the induf- 
 trious native is ftill deprived of that Ihare to whicn he has an undoubted and a more na'ural 
 right ; nor is it yet upon that equitable footing wnich jultice and humanity would, 1 am Jure, 
 ■inciins this Committee to eilablifti. 
 
 A few weeks more mult brin^r us the final refolutiou of the Court of Directors, in ani'wcr to 
 -o'lr difpatchcs by tile AJ.Tiiial Stevens; and if, notwithltanding thj pref;nt lituation of their 
 affairs, they fn-iuld think [-.roper to repeat their orders per Lord Camden, it will be our duty 
 to ob-.-y them, and am perfuaded they w;ll be obeyed by this committee. But if, on the contrary, 
 upon receipt of our rcprefentations, they fhould change their fentiments, and approve of the 
 regulations we have already made, no time fhould be loft on our put in cftablifhing the mode 
 ■for carrying on the trade in future. The confidence which the Court of Direiltors have been 
 plealld particularly to exprefs m my endeavours to fettle upon an equitable plan that trade 
 which has been the fource of fo many evils, cannot but promote my zeal for the caute, and 
 m<ike me anxioufly with to fee every regulation that you may join with me in thinking necel- 
 larv to take place. 
 
 Tne Company's duties, I beg leave to propofe, fliall be increafed ; the fervants (hall receive 
 a reafonable fhare of emolument ; and the terms, upon which the natives are finally to be con- 
 cerned, advantageoufly H.\ed. 
 
 1 propofe, 
 
 lit, I'hat all fait provided by the focicty of trade (hall be fold at Calcutta, and at other pla- 
 ces where it is made, and no where elle. 
 
 2d, That the price of fait fiiall not exceed two rupees per maund, or 200 rupees per loo 
 inaunds. 
 
 •jdly. That the fait (hall be fold to the natives only, who are to tranfport it to every part of 
 Benaal, Bahar, and Oiixa, and to have the whole profits arihnj; from the lale thereof j and 
 that no Company's fervant, free meriha.it, or European, (hall be concerned m that article, 
 directly 01 indiiccily, alter the fale ot it, at the above places. 
 
 4thly, That the Calcutta black merchants ihail be limited to a certain proportion of pur.-hafe ; 
 but that no Banyans or fervant whatever, belonging to any European, (hall be included, or 
 have any concern therein. 
 
 cthly, That every endeavour be made ufe of to encourage the fubftantial mefchants of the 
 country either to come down in perfon to the place where the fait is provided, or to fend tl.eir 
 avcnts, in order to purcliaie and traniporc the f ;it to the Jitferent places ol falc. 
 
 6thly, 'J'hat a certain price be fixed for the fali of every maund of fait, at every town, market, 
 or vii;a^.e, where it is loIJ, acco;din^ to the di;tan.-c and former cuftom. 
 
 7thly, That if fait be fold at any of the buzars, or markets, for one coury above the ftipu- 
 lattd price, the vender fnall not only fjri'eit ali the fait there found in his poffeirMn, i>ut be 
 liable to a forfeit of looo rupees for every hundred maunds of fait fj fold; and the fait and money 
 ibforfeitcd (hall go one lulf to the informer, and one half to the government. 
 
 8thly, That the minifters at Muxad.ibad and Patna have copies fent them of thefe new regu- 
 lations ; and that they be defircd to appiy to the Nabob to make the lame known <hro ig'iout 
 the three provinces ; and that every Fhuu^dar, ^c. fee they be put in execution, upon (>ain of 
 being difmifi'ed from his employment. 
 
 gthly, This bufincfs bein^ entirely comincr;ial, I propofe, that in the inftM'mcnt of agree- 
 ment for the next year, it (hall be provided, that the Society of Tradebc anlwerable to the board 
 for their conduiSt ; that the board may cither make new regulati ns, or .uii mil tliotc made b . the 
 Society of Trade, as they fee fit ; and that, in cafe of ncceiruy,. the Sclcd Co.nmiitec iliall 
 have power to controul the conJudt of the whole. 
 
 S lothly
 
 ow 
 
 APPENDIX, No. 52. 
 
 lOthiy, That a duty of 50 per cent bs paid to the company upon all the fait provided in their 
 n lands ; and 50 per cent, to the government upon all the fait provided upon the lands of the 
 Government; and 15 percent, upon beetle ; which duties will, in faci, be brought to the com- 
 pany's credit ; which, according to the prefcnt ftatc of the fait trade, will produce the company 
 from 12 to 13 laaks of rupees per annnni. 
 
 The prohibition of a free inland trade, however difagreeable to individuals, muft now take place, 
 and be conhiieJ to imports and exports, and to their immediate returns, which returns fhall 
 be made only to the prefidency, or to one or other of the eltabliflied fadlories. The Company 
 are Sovereigns in India ; and they have declared that the trade carried on for thefe four years 
 pafl is an ufurpation, not only of their prerogative, but of the privileges of the natives, and re- 
 pugnant to the exprefs and repeated orders of the Court of Directors, The indulgence, howe- 
 ver, in the trade of f.ilr, upon the footing 1 hope it will now be ellablifliL-d, iliould, in my c- 
 (iinion, obviate ail complaints, fincc it (eems to be the moil: equitable mo«lus between the com- 
 pany and their Ccrvants, and, at the fame Time, a diltribution of natural right to the people of 
 the country. Coniideiing that the late great advantages of unlimited trade are cut off, 1 can- 
 not imagine, that the Court of Diredlors will deny their fervants this Ihare of beneht as a re- 
 compence for their attention aiid aflirtance in the management of the important concerns of 
 thcfe pro»inces. On the other hanJ, I wpuKI have the fervants look upon thefe emoluments 
 as a "lit from the hands of their employers, offered to them annually in reward of their ridelitv, 
 and which will c-rtainly be vvith-hcid from them, if ever their authority ihould be rclilled, and 
 difcontent and rapacity take place of ingratitude and moderation. 
 
 Clive. 
 
 His Lordfhip's minute having been read and maturely confidered, the regulations therein fpe- 
 cififd are unanimoufl/ approved. 
 
 Agieed therefore, that the prefident's regulations for the inland trade be laid before the coun- 
 cil with all conv:-nieiit 'peed, for their approbation, in order that the necell.iry infhudtions for 
 profecuting the joint concern, for the enfuing feal'on, may be immediately -lUued to the com- 
 mittte of trade. 
 
 Rcfolved, that the above concern {hall confift of 60 Shares ; and that the proprietors fliall 
 fland inrolled, with the feveral proportions affixed to their names, in the manner akertaincd in 
 the following ffatement. 
 
 STATE Mi ENT of 
 
 the JOINT S 
 For the Year 1766. 
 \V. B. Sumner — 
 
 John Carnac — — 
 
 Charles Stafford Playdell 
 Harry Vcrelit — 
 
 John Cartier — 
 
 Francis Sykes — 
 
 Randolph Marriott 
 
 Hugh Watts • 
 
 Samuel Middleton 
 
 Claud Ruffell 
 
 ALT CONGE R N» 
 
 William Alderfey 
 
 Thomas Kelfall 
 
 Charles P'loyer 
 
 -Colonel Richard Smith 
 Sir Robert Barker 
 
 3 
 3 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 2 
 
 -SyE CONDCLASS. 
 
 Reverend W. Parry and Bloner, jointly 
 
 Charlton ■ — 
 
 French — 
 
 Reed — 
 
 Hafe — 
 
 Jekyll — 
 
 Wood — 
 
 Rogers — 
 
 Shevviii — 
 
 Williamibn — 
 
 Dacres — 
 
 Lane — 
 
 Rarwell — 
 
 Woodward '~ 
 
 Harris — « 
 
 32 
 
 - ^ 
 
 - J 
 
 — ^2 
 
 Skinner 

 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 
 
 52- 
 
 ner 
 
 Skin 
 
 Lawrell — •,. 2 
 
 I 
 
 (jroodwin — J 
 
 Campbell _ 
 
 Sir Robert Fletcher 
 
 Peach 
 
 Chapman — 
 
 THIRD CLASS. 
 
 Wilkins 
 
 J 
 
 z 
 
 y 
 
 Forbes — 1 
 
 Graham — — I 
 
 Hcvviit — — r^ 
 
 Lambert — — I 
 
 Vaiifjttart — — __ J 
 
 Cafe — — ^ 
 
 Giueber — — . 
 
 Plaiiied — — _ I 
 
 Taylor — _ _ >2 
 
 Ellis — _ _ i 
 
 Hunter — — J 
 
 'Daviiiroii — — ", 
 
 Stibbert — — — ; 
 
 Champion — — I 
 
 Grant — — — '? ^ 
 
 Wmwood — — I 
 
 Pemble — — _ j 
 
 Smith — — . 
 
 Galliez — — 
 
 Anderfon — — . 
 
 Robert Hunter — — 
 
 Williams — — 
 
 Bathoe -^ — — j 
 
 Wilts — — — ■] 
 
 Barber — — — [. j 
 
 Watfon — • — — J 
 
 Shares unappropriated ■ — . . ^.>. 
 
 Z 1 
 
 - i 
 
 z \ 
 
 Total 6o Shares. 
 
 7t appearing from the above divifion of capital ftock, that four fhares and j remain unappro- 
 priated i 
 
 Agreed the fame be accounted for at a proper time. 
 
 No. 55. 
 
 Fcrt IP'ilUam General Confultation, the %th September 1766. 
 
 THE Proceedings of the Seleil Committee, from the 12th Augutl to the 22d of September, 
 are laid before the board ; and the regulations for the fait concern therein propofed being 
 approved ; 
 
 Ordered, They be entered after this confultation, and th^t the fame be communicated to the 
 following gentlemen, who arc now appointed to con(Htute the Committee of Trade, with di- 
 rections fur carrying the plan into execution as foon as poiFible. 
 
 William Brightwell Sumner, 
 Harry Verelst, 
 Randolph Marriott, 
 Hugh Watts, 
 Claud Russell, and 
 Charles FjLOYER, Efquires. 
 
 No. 54.!
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 54, S5, 56. 
 No. 54. 
 
 Exira{} of Lord Cl'tve s Letter to the honourable the Court of Directors, i^c. 
 Gentlemen, Calcutta, 6th September 1766. 
 
 l.TN May laft i had the honour to receive your letter of the 26th April 1765, per Harcourt ; 
 
 A and it gives me particular fatisfaclion to remark, That I haie not only fulhlled, but in 
 great meafure anticipated, your expectations in the feveral important points therein recom- 
 mended to my attention : a peace firm and Lifting is eftabliflied ; the trade in fait and beetle nut 
 is now regulated, upon a plan which will ftill perhaps admit of improvements for the advantage 
 of the company ; your military expences, though encreafed by means of the additional number 
 of battalions of feapoys, are much lefs in proportion than heretofore; the double battalion is 
 llruck off; difcipline is rcitored to )our army ; and fibordmation, good ordi:r, and harmony, 
 have once more taken place among the civ:! fcrvants at this fettlement. 
 
 2. As the new covenants, and a ftri(£l obedience to your orders, more particularly in confin- 
 ing the trade of mdividu.ils to imports and exports only, have abridged the fcrvants of many of 
 their accuflomed emoluments; and as the company are in fait the fole proprietors of the im- 
 menfc revenues of the three provinces, not to mention the 12 or 13 laak of rupees per annum, 
 now arifing from the duty upon fait and beetle nut ; permit me to vvifii that the gentlemen in 
 your fervice, as an encouragement to induflry and good behaviour, may be fuft'ered to enjoy the 
 moderate proportion whj-h IS now fettled, of thofe great advantages that have accrued to their 
 employers; befides thefe, 1 have other reafon?, of great importance to the fervice, to wifh this 
 indulgence may be continued : I therefore flatter myfelf, that the prefent diftribution will re- 
 ceive your approbation. In your anfwer to our difpatches, per Admiral Stevens, my minute 
 in committee, dated the 2d March inftant, to which 1 beg leave to refer, will fully convey to 
 you my ideas upon the fubjeit, as alfo the feveral alterations that 1 propofe fliall take place for 
 the improvement of the_prefc-nt plan ; but if, after being made acquainted wuh the fiourifhing 
 ftate of your affairs in Bengal, you ihould perfevere in thofe orders you ient pel Camden, be at- 
 furcd they will moft pundtualLy-be complied with. 
 
 No. 55. 
 
 Extra£i of a Letter from Lord Clive^ and others, to the Court of Direilors, dated Fort William, 8/A 
 
 September 1766. 
 25."DEFORE this time, probably, you^have determined the fate of the inland trade in fait, 
 -U beetle and tobacco, whether it may be continued, under the regulations we have efta- 
 
 blifhed, or is totally to be rclinquifhed by your fervants. 'We ftall therefore only obferve 
 
 on this o-cafion, that certain amer.dments are now propofed by the prefident, and adopted by 
 the Seleft Committee, which we think will remove every inconvenience obferved in the pre- 
 fent eftabiifnment of that trade, and fecure to the company the power of rewarding or puniih- 
 ing their fcrvants, according to the degree of their merit or inifconduct. 
 
 No. r^G. 
 
 Xxtra61 of a Letter from Lord Clive, and others, to the Court of DireSiors, dated ^th December 1766. 
 4. A S foon as we had clofed the inquiry into reftitution and donations, the Committer: took 
 -iA. into confideration the feveral other orders ilUied by vour Honourable Board, during the 
 rourfe of the laft feafon : your remarks on the inland trade were fo peculiarly ftriking, and lo 
 perfii(21y agreeable to our own fentimcnts, rcfpedting that perpetual fource of oppreffion aj^d 
 complaint, that we determined immediately to apply the moft efficacious remedies to a difeafe 
 which muft in time have fubverted the conftitution, and endangered the being of the Eaft inCu 
 Company. By the Admiral Stevens you, were informed of the plan we had concerted for car- 
 rying on the trade in fait, tobatco, and beetle nut, for the benefit of the Company and their 
 fervants, without injury to the Nabob, and vvithout moleftation or opprcfTion of the natives ; 
 it was the beft and moft equitable fyftem we could then devife ; yet experience hath fhewn the 
 iieceflity of laying the trade under farther reftridions, the reafons for which, together with the 
 particular mode of conducting this valuable branch of commerce in future, are fully explained 
 in Lord Clive's minute, entered on our proceedings, in thofe emendations of the plan in which 
 the 'Society of Trade was founded, all due regard nas been paid to the fovereign prerogative of 
 the Company, adting as colledtors for the King, and more efpecially to the (erupulous difbri- 
 bution of natural right TO the native inhabitants ; whence we flatter ourfeives, that the inland 
 trade will henceforward prove to you a commodious fund for rewarding the different degrees of 
 merit amongft your fervants, and a fruitful fource for encouragement to the induftry of the 
 country people, who are now, without diflinclion, admitted to a participation of its benefit, 
 upon the moft reafonable and moderate terms. 
 
 5. To the regulations formed for condudting the bufmefs of the Society of Trade, we have 
 added a total prohibition of another fpecies of inland trafKc, in a variety of articles ufually 
 tranfported from one diftridl to the interior country to another, whereby an extenfive field was 
 open for the abufe of power and the moft notorious adls of fraud and injuftice j all Europeans 
 
 in
 
 APPENDIX. No. 57, 58. 
 
 in your fervicc, or under your proteiRion, are now indifcriminately confined to trade in certain, 
 ftated articles of import and export ; the returns are to be made fiom the places where th; goods 
 wire fold dircflly to t!.e PrcfiJency, or to the fubordinate t'liiory from whence they were dif- 
 patched ; and no circular irafHc, by way of barter or otherwife, is in future to be alfowcd from 
 one Aurung to another, oii pain of confifcation ol ihc j^ouds, and lufs of your Icrvice and 
 protection. 
 
 No. 57, 
 
 ExtraSl of a Letter from Lird dive to the Seleif Committee, 16th January, 1767. 
 
 WE have received orders from the Court of Directors to abolifh the laJt trade : thcle orders 
 niuft be punctually obeyed ; but as I am of opinion that the trade, upon its prifenc 
 footing, is rather beneficial than injurious to the inhabitants of the country, ana that a con- 
 tinuation of this indulgence, or fofnc other equivalent, is become ablblutcly nccelTary, and 
 wi>uld be an honourabli: incitement to diligence and zeal in the Coinpanv's fervice, 1 flaticr 
 mylelf the Court of Directors may be induced to fettle fume plan that will prove agreeable to 
 vour wifhes. 
 
 No. 58. 
 
 Extra:! of a Letter from Lord dive, and others, to the Court of DirtSlon ; dated Fort 
 
 IViliiam, 2^th 'January, J 767. 
 20 T X T^i- come now to fpeak ot your initructions relaiive to the inland trade, which you 
 V V very juKly coiilider as the foundation of all ths bloodfhed, maflicres, and coiifafion, 
 which have happened of late years in Bengal ; your orders are pofitive, and therefore our obe- 
 dience ibail be implicit : accordin<^ly you \^i^l ciblerve in our proceedings, that the Society tor 
 conducting this branch of traffic Itands abfolutely aboliflied on the firft: day of September next; 
 the contradts for the prtlbnt year being formed, and large advances made, it was impoffible, 
 without ruin to individuals and confufion to the Public, to fix an earlier date for the executian 
 of your orders. 
 
 21. Hut although cur duty obliges us to pay the flrifteft obedience to your peremptory orders 
 for abolifhing a trade to which you exprefs fo ftrong an avcrfion, the fame duty requires wo 
 fhould freely offer our fentiments upon & fubjedl in which we think your immediate incereft, ihc 
 j;ood of the fervice, and the public welfare, are deeply concerned. The Honourable Court of 
 Diredlors, and indeed the whole body of Proprietors, found it necefiary to reflrain by covenants 
 their civil and military fervants trom receiving th(j|"e advantages, to which they had for many 
 ■years been accuftomed ; it is iiicewile propofed, in order you may enjoy the real fruirs of your 
 late acquifitions, to make fuch an increafe of invcftmenr, particularly in fiik, as will efixctually 
 deprive your i'ervants of the ufuai benefits arifing from private trade; farther, that the revenue* 
 may not be injured in any degree, they are prohibited from lending money at a higher rate of 
 intereft than 12 -per cent, per annum ; and a trade by fea, in the manufactures of the country, 
 beinLj the only remaining channel for the exertion of induftry, that likewife is choaked up by 
 thole flioals of iree meichants annually imported ; who being incumbered with no public bu- 
 fincfs, nor confined to rcfidence in Bengal, can carry on a free trade with every pore in India 
 to much greater advantajc than your fervants. 
 
 22. Taking all tnefc circumftances into confideratioii, reflecting alfo upon the great iiicreafij 
 of luxury of late years, in confequence of the fudden influx of wealth, and that it will not be 
 piacticable, for a time, to reduce the charges of living to the prefent means of lupporting thofo 
 charges, we adopted, in confcquence of your permiffion, the plan ui a regulitci and reltruted 
 inland trade, as the belt aiethod of lewarding faithful lervices, and the (ureft means to excite 
 zeal, and the taireft mode of carrying on a beneficial trade, without reliiiquifliiiig all the ad- 
 vantages we have hitherto received, or fuhjecting tlu natives to thole ciicrunchnients ou tbcir 
 natural rights, of which they have with too muen realnn complain^-d. 
 
 23. Our letter by the Camden, and proceedings by the Cruttendcn, will explain to you the 
 r*'gulations in the original plan of the Society, which took place in the month of September laft. 
 Under thefe regulations the trade can fcarce be coniidercd in the odious light ot a monopoly, 
 fincc we arc rather the agenis for manufaitturing the fait, than the Proprietors of the trade; it 
 is fold in Calcutta to. the n^itives only, and to the uucr exclulion of all Kuiopeaas, at an eafier 
 rate than it could ever be procured when under management of the (iovcrnment ; before we 
 were admitted to any participation the natives tranfport it to all the different parts ol the country, 
 under fuch limitations, that it muft reach tiie hands of the caniumer at a (fated aiiJ moderate 
 price ; hereby the people fenfibly feel the juftice and lenity of our y^ovcinment ; and your fervanfj, 
 vho have attained the higheit Itatioii';, alter a courfe of many years fpent m this unfavourable 
 climate, reap the reward of their fervices, and enjoy the means of fecuring that judopendciicc 
 to which they have fo equitable a claim. 
 
 24. We are now directed totally to renounce all fharc in and benefit arifing from this trade; 
 it muft be made over to the natives ; the Government muit of courfe roinc into poilelli'iii ; nor 
 can it be carried on otherwifc than upon the ancient footing of farming it out to luinillers ofliccri, 
 favourites, and depcndaiits on the Government ; v\h<> will rear iiuiu.ulc fortunes upon the op- 
 
 h preflion-
 
 APPENDIX, No. 59. 
 
 prcffion and ruin of the Public, in dcfpite of our utmoft influence and endeavours. Thefe are 
 r.t prefent our fufpicions ; time alone can verify our conjectures : you no doubt will maturely 
 confider, how far it i^ probable men will continue honeft againft all the fedudlions of intereft, 
 and whether it may not be neceflary to ftrengthen the ties of that duty expected from your fcr- 
 vants, by the tighter bonds of gratitude, for the afP.uence which they enjoy during the time of 
 their fervitude, and the independency they ought to fecure before the dole of their labours. 
 
 No. 5t;. 
 
 Letter from Lord dive to the Honourable Committees of Treofiiry and Correfpondence, is'c. l^c. i^c. 
 
 Dated %%th /i^gnjl., 1 7 / . 
 16. 'TH H E neceffity of rewarditij;; tlie fupt nor fervant>, both civil and military, is obvious ; 
 -•- lince the laroe nncftmenc required bj the Company makes it mipoliibic for individuals, 
 who perform their duty, to acquire any thing conlidciable by private trade. The means of 
 regulating ihis reward has frequently engaged my attention ; and after the moft mature delibe- 
 ration, 1 have found none fo convenient, proper, or equitable, as the trade in f.;lt. If j> u 
 grant a comcniirion upon the revenues, the funi will not or;ly be large, but known to the world ; 
 itic allowance being publickly aiceriained, every man's proportion will at tunes be the occafion 
 of much difcourfc, envy, and jcaloufy ; the great will interfere in your appointments and 
 noblemen will pcrpetu.iiiy folicit you to provide for the younger branches of their families ; a 
 conimiilion upon your invLltmeius, whether upon the provilion in Bengal, or upon the fales in 
 Europe, IS liable to the fame objedlions ; but if )ou allow your fervants the liberty of benefu- 
 ing themfelfcs by the trade in f.ilt, the tollowing coiiveniencies will relult : 
 
 17. ift. An advance of four or five hundied choufaiui pounds is required for the carrying 
 on tnis trade : if it be carried- on by your fervants, the advance and the rilk will be theirs ; if 
 it be carried on by you, the money muff be advanced out ot the trealu y at jour rill:, and you 
 v.ili condqucntly have the lefs ipccie to fend home. 
 
 iS. :id. It is very ezfv to proportion it in fuch a manner as that your fervants fhall not gain 
 to a larger amount than they are in julfice or equity entitled to. 
 
 ' 19. 3d. By the bringing it to Calcutta and Dacca, by the lofs of boats, by the failure of 
 contractors, and by many other accidents, the profits muft always be precarious and uncer- 
 tain, and confequently unknown, except to the few who may take the trouble to inveftigatc the 
 matter. 
 
 20. 4th. It will be looked upon as a profit arifing from trade, and not from the pockets of 
 the Company ; which might be urged, if rew;.rds were given out of the revenues; but here 
 you can aflert, that this indulgence, the only tquit.-ib!e one you have to grant, is in confido- 
 ration of the large inveftnients ordered, wiiich, if com.plied with, mult iwallow up the trade 
 of individuals ; and indeed, if this indulgence be properly proportioned, ail ihoi'c fervants, who 
 by their age and ftaiuling are entitled to emoluments, would have no reafon to complain, even 
 were they altogether cxciudcd from evsiy article of trade which can interfere with the Com- 
 pany's iiueltment. 
 
 21. 5th. Should the fait trade be carried on by the Company, the great unavoidable advance 
 made for that purpole out of their treafury in tiengal, would lower the interelt or money 10 
 confiderablv, as to be of infinite prejudice to thofe individuals, who, having no trade to depend 
 upon, fubfift chiefly upon the intereit of their capitals there ; and it is to be obferved, that tnc 
 hioh intercft has kept a great quantity of private trealure in India, which would otherwife have 
 been lent h(;nie in bulk long ago. 
 
 2?. It is an trioneous opinion, that fait was formerly an open trade. It ever was anij ever 
 mule be a monopoly : fomc guat favourite or lavourites aiwjys had thi whole in iheir own 
 hands ; for which they not only paid an annual peifcUh, or acknowledgment in money, to the 
 Subah, but iikewiie gave confiderable prelents, both in money and in cunclities, to him and 
 to his ininifier ; but the natives can have no jull caufe ot complaint, provided they be fur- 
 nifhed, with this article,, upon more reafonable terms than formerly, which v/ill certainly be 
 the cafe, if the plan fent home by the Cruttenden be adopted, with a few amendments. 
 
 23. 1 he fait trade fiiculd, in my opinion, be conhniicd to the i>ele«il Committee, the 
 Council, the iieid officers, and the fenior and junior niLrchant.s ; the wiitcrs fhould be confi- 
 dered merely as apprentices for five years, and not allowed any mercantile indulgence whatib- 
 cver, neither by duftuck nor by any other means, dirocSiy or indircCily ; but then their pay, 
 or allowances from th; Company, Ihould be fo far increaied as to admit of a comfoi table fub- 
 fiftcncc ; when they become fadtcrs they fhould be permitted the liberty to trade, and duftucks 
 Ihould he grauied to them, as an indulgence ; when they arrive at the rank of junior merchants, 
 ihey will then be entitled to fiiares in the fait trade. 
 
 24. Tobacco, which w.ts u.'ually included in the idea of the lalt and the bcctie nut trade, was 
 given up to the Commiiue, and left as an article in common : the beetle nut, in my opinion, 
 ihould likewife be given up; and though, by thefe means, the advantages of thofe, who are 
 allowed the exclufive trade in fait, wili be much lelfened, yet there will remain a fufficiency. 
 It is however to be remembered, that both the)e articles ought to pay confide.-abis duties to the 
 Government, mors efpecially the beetle nut, as has aUvavs been cultoir.arv. 
 
 25. If
 
 APPENDIX, No. 60. 
 
 25. If the fait plan be aJopttil, I ihink the Governor's commifiion fliould continue upon 
 its prcfent footing. 
 
 ' 26. The fupervifor of the revenues fliould attend to that bufinefs only, and therefore fliould 
 be entirely excluded from trade, in like manner with the Governor; but, as a compcnfation, 
 he ought to be allowed a proportion, equil to the Iccond, i:i i.ilt. 
 
 If. Tlie fecond fhould be allowed three (hares ; the lupervifor of the revenues three fhares ; 
 the commanding; officer, and the other n. embers of the SeJedt Committee, two fhares ; the coun- 
 cil, and each of the colonels, one ftiare and an half; the fcnior merchants, and the lieutenant 
 colonels, two thir.is of a fliate ; the junior merchants and majors, one third of a fhare. 
 
 28. As you will find it abfolutely ncceflary to fend out able and experienced men to fuper- 
 intend feveral of the departments in Bengal, the bcft of every profellion, engineers, a furg;t»ir 
 l^eneral and furgccn, kcretaries and fub-fecrctaries, accounraiiis and fub-accouiitanrs, chap- 
 lains, &c. will rejoice to go abroad, upon being admitted to fliarc in the fait trudc : many con- 
 \cniencirs will hertby arile to the Comp.iny, and this one in particular, th.-"t you can tUL-a^e 
 nicn of real merit to accept of your fervicc, without appearin:j to reward them itnnKdiat'-iy 
 with the Company's money. 
 
 29. Your fcrvants in general, will, I hope, entertain a juft fcnfe of your indulgence on 
 this head ; and I would have it ever confidered as an indulgence due only to mciit in flation : 
 when the condud of thofe entitled to fliare, by their rank or (landing, iiiall happin to fall uiider 
 vour ccnfiire, an abridgement of, or fufpenfion trorr., thefc emoluments, will be the ready 
 n.eans of in.'hiting punifhment ; ai^d a temporary enrre;'(L- will at the (.tme time he a ,10 Icfs 
 obvious method ot regulating rewards, to thofe who (hall dcferve well upon any particular occa- 
 lion, or approve thcmfelvcs to be of diftinguifhed merit in the fcrvice. 
 
 30. 1 doubt much whether Sujah Dowla's country can furni(h any thing of confi quence for 
 your inveftments ; Betteaand Napaul produce gold, caffia, and elephaiit's teeth ; but I believe not 
 in great quantity. Fhe increafe of )our invcftmcnts in Hrngr.l mult be the refult of the enquiry 
 iw'.a diligent fcarch of able difinterelied fervants ; infpired with a true fenfe of honour and zeal 
 for vcur fcrvice, they may cfTccl great things ; and 1 think that the indulgence of the fait trade 
 will probably anfwer thoie delirable purpofes. 
 
 No. ^o. 
 
 Bath, ■4th November 1767. 
 (jentlemen, 
 
 THE duty which I owe to the Company will not fufFcr me to be filent, on a fuhje^ wherein 
 their intcreft (eems fo deeply concerned. 
 I learn, and with furprize, that you intend to lay open the fait trade, receivino; only a duty of 
 ten rupees upon every hundred maund at the Collaries or places where the {Al is mnde 
 
 Permit me to repeat to you, that the trade in fait was always a monopoly ; Coja Wjzecd, 
 and other merchants long before him, giving to the nabob and his minillers, near (/,. 200,occ,) 
 two hundred thouland pounds, per annum, in money and prefents, for the exclulivc- privilege. 
 The natives never had the advantages you now propofc: to give them, and will be greatly adonijh- 
 ed at fo unexpected and extr:.ordinary an indulgence. 
 
 Honourable the Coma^ittee of Correfpondcncc, &c. 
 Although you may think proper to deprive your fervancs of thofe advantages, which I fo 
 flrongly rcccommended in my minute in Committee, upon the fubjecl of now iiitidelling the lalr 
 tradc, yet i cannot help takin.; the liberty to requeft you ivill mofl maturely deliberate upon 
 jMjur prcicnt plan, before you ilfue an order v^'hich v/ill deprive the Company of tliice huniircd 
 thoufand pounds (/.. 3:0,000) ptraiinum, a fum whiih, I am of opinion, they are ju!tlv intitlcd 
 to, if they receive the benefits lately received by th::ir lervants, and the duties which tl'.e Select 
 Committee had allotted to them upon this trade; whereas the Company, by your laying the 
 Uade open, and takin;c only ten rupcts per hundred ir.aund, will receive only (;^. 31,500} 
 thirty one thoulr.nd five hundred poun<!s. 
 
 I mult farther prefume to obtcrve to you, that even upon the plan you now propofe, the trade 
 will, as it ever muft, continue in fnme degree a monopoly; and thit the fLtvants, from the 
 power and influence they have throughout the country, may be concerned in it to what extent 
 they will, under iheir ]j;inyans, and the bldck merchants. 
 
 It was only by accident that 1 became acquainted with your intentions. I am entirely a flran- 
 gir to the contents of the letters, which are now upon the point of being dir|)atched, bv the ad- 
 miral Watlon, to the governor and council, and to the Seledt Committee, of Bengal ; but I 
 hope this reprefenfation will reach you in good time, that you may rcconfidcr an objeCl fo very 
 important to the Company's iuterc(t. I h^vc th; honour to be, with ihc greatclt refpedt, 
 
 Gentl' I'^cn, 
 
 Your moft obedient and 
 nio(t humble Servant, 
 
 Clive, 
 No, 61.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 6i. 
 No. ^i. 
 
 ExtraSi of a Letter from the Direffars to the prefident and Council at Fart TVtUiamy Bengal ; dated 
 
 zoth November 1767. 
 88, "\ X 7 E have taken your plan for conducting the fait trade, as contained in your proceed- 
 VV ings of the 8th September 1766, into our moft ferious confideration ; and having 
 revifed all that we and you have wrote, on the fabject of the inland trade in general, and of fait 
 in particular, we are the more convinced of the abfolute neceffity of excluding all perfons what- 
 foever, excepting the natives only, from being concerned therein ; and we accordingly hereby 
 ratify and confirm the orders we gave in our letters, of the 19th February, and 17th May J766, 
 that no Company's fervant, free merchant, or any European, fhall, in any mods or ihaps 
 whatfoever, either by thcmfelves or agents, dirc<£lly or indiredtly, trade in or be cfjn.-erned in 
 carryiiifT on an inland trade, in fait, beetle-nut, tobacco, or in any other articles produced and 
 confumed in the country ; and fuch trade is hereby abfolutcly aboliflied, and put a final end to, 
 agreeable to our before mentioned orders ; and further, if any of the bifore dcfcribird perfons 
 {hall direitly or indirectly, carry on or be concerned in fuch inland trade, or in farming the 
 Callaries, or making fait; if a Company's fervant, he is to be immediately difmifl'ed the Com- 
 pany's Service ; and from all otheis the Company's protection is to be forthwith withdrawn. 
 
 8q. Having thus prohibittd our fervants from being concerned in the inland trade, the allow- 
 ance of !■§ per cent. ccmmilTion on the d'-wanny revenues, fettled by you on the governor, for 
 relinquiUiing all thare in the fak trade, is abfolutely tQ determine and ceafe upon the firll day 
 of September 1767. 
 
 go. Pail experience has (o imprcflcd us with the idea of the neceirity of confining our fervants, 
 and Europeans reiiding under our protection, within the ancient limits of our export and import 
 trade, that we look on every innovation in the inland trade as an intrufiun an the natural right 
 of the natives of the country, who now more particularly claim our proieclion ; and we ettceni 
 it as much our duty to maintain this barrier between the two commtrcui rights, as to defend 
 the provinces from foreign invafioas. 
 
 01, Our principal object being the eafe and convenience of the natives, we have confidered 
 in what manner the important trade in fait can be carried on, fo as to lupply the whole country 
 with this material neceilary of life on the eafiefl: terms, and the leaft liable to opprelfion. 
 
 Q2. For this purpofe wc direCt, that the fait trade be laid open to the natives in general, 
 under the following regulations-; viz. That all the Callaries or fait pans, within the Com- 
 pany's jurifdiclion, in the Calcutta purgannahs and Company's lands, and the provinces o! 
 Jjurdwan, Midnapore, and Chittagong, be put up to public fale at their refpeCiivc capitals, anrf 
 fold to the belt bidder, five Callaries in each Lot ; and ihat no one pcrl'on be allowed to take 
 more than 30 Lots, which we judge will enable him to make about 45 or 50 thoufjnd Buzar 
 Maunds of fait in the year ; and that two months notice be given all over the country before; the: 
 fale begins ; and all Europeans are hereby exprefsly prohibited from being bidders at fuch files, 
 or holding any of the fait works in their hands, either direCtly or indirettly. 
 
 Q-?. If there are any Callaries under the jurifdiCtion of the nabob's government, the fame 
 metiiod is to be recommended to the adminiftration at Mo<jrfiiedabad. 
 
 04. It is reprefcnted to us, that the fait made in every part of the country, except what is ne-. 
 ceiiarv for the confumption of the ditlrids where it is produced, thould be carried to and land- 
 ed at Rajah Barey, and a ( reek or fmall river oppoilte to Darnagorc ; and ihe people of the 
 country to make their purchafes there, and pay a duty on all fait carried from thence, at fuch rate 
 as Will, upon the neareft eftimation you can poflibly make, produce to the revenue £. loo^oco 
 at lealt, and not exceeding;^. 120,000 per annum ; the amount being in this manner afcer- 
 tained, it v/ill be tafy to fettle how many Sicca rupees per one hundred iJuza MaunOs it will 
 amount to, and the duty is to be rated accordingly. Could we from any of your regifters have 
 learned what Quantity of fait is made and confumed in the country, we might then have bad 
 fufficient grounds to have proceeded on to Uttle, in this letter, with pucibon, the duty ; but 
 not having fuch informations we muft leave it to you to caufe it to be adjufted in the before 
 iiKntioned manner. 
 
 95. If, befuk-5 the above, there are any other places by which fait may pafs irp the country, 
 ill any of the pioviiices, )ou arc to conform to the intention of this order, with refpeC}: to fuch 
 places. 
 
 06. Tliat on payment of the above duty to the country collectors, the purchafer is to receive 
 3 oulluck, to carry Ins fait to any part of the country he chufos., free from all oihcr duties. — 
 The like duty is to be levied on all fait carried by Jaaid through the paichect partes, from the 
 countries of Bucdwan, Midnapore and other places, 
 
 07. The collecting the faid duty, we conceive, will fail under the orders of the government 
 of Moorfliedabad, and wQl be accounted for in the revenues of the dcwanny. 
 
 98. That all makers of fait be obliged to deliver in every year an account of the quantity 
 of Salt they have made, and at what places the iame has been landed, which muft appear 
 upon the face of your proceedings. 
 
 99. If any boats are found fmuggling of fait, the fame to be confifcated to the government, 
 boat and fak ; which will prevent the owners of the boats from receiving any fait that has not 
 
 paid
 
 A P p. E N D I X, No. 6i. 
 
 .paid the Juty ; and that notice of the fame be publifhed all over the country. 
 
 100. That all foreign fait landed in Bengal pay the bcforementioncd duty, or more, if it 
 fhall be found nccefTary, for the encouragement of the manufaiftures of fait in Bengal. 
 
 101. To prevent all abufe of the Englifh influence, we think prooer to enjoin, and the 
 fame is accordingly to be made known in the moft public manner; that any boat having filt 
 on board, hoifting Englifti colours, or pretending to an Kngliih duftuck, fliall be liable to con- 
 iifcation, together with the cargo ; and the nabob's miniftcrs will feize the fame, as forfeited 
 to the sovernment. 
 
 102. Having eltabliihed thefe regulations for the fait trade, we now confirm our orders for 
 the prohibition ot our fervants engaging in all other inland trade, in articles produced and con- 
 lumcd in the country, fave only fuch articles as are for exportation, by fhipping to a foreign 
 market ; which will be intitled to an Englilh duftuck, as part of the export trade, within the 
 intention of ihe phirmaund ; and here wc remark with fome furprize, in the Committee's pro- 
 ccedmgs ot the 22d October, that beetle nut and tobacco are among tbofe articles, v/hich is 
 contrary to the fpirii of the Fhirmaund and the tenor of our orders. 
 
 103. The duties lo becollectcd on the other inland trade will fall under the direftion of the 
 admiiiillration at iVIoorftedabad, in which vou will recommend the fame attention to the good 
 of the Natives, as we have in thefe regulations for the fait trade. 
 
 ' IC4.. We hope this freedom of trade will be the means of keeping fait at a low price; but 
 k( ever it fhould be fold, at the places we have limited, at or above one hundred and forty 
 Sicca Rupees, for 100 Buzar Maunds, induing the duty, we (hall efteem it too high a price for 
 the natives to pay ; and we docj^pedl that, under your influence, and that of the Maorfnedabai! 
 adminiltratKui, the price never exceeds the faid 140 Sicca Rupees, unlefs in the cafe 01 
 fome general calamity, for we had rather the duty fliould be diniinilhed than fait fliould exceed 
 ths: price. 
 
 105; As the trade of our fervants is to be confined to the articles of import and export 
 only, in which they will be confiderably afFedted by the great demands for extending the Com- 
 pany's inveftments 5 and confidering the great increafe of bufmefs, in which our principal fer- 
 vants are neceflarily engaged, and which demand their utmoft care and attention ; we are 
 come to a relolucion to ^'we them a reafonable encouragement to exert themfelves with zeal and 
 alacrity in their feveral departments, but which they arc to look upon as a free gift from the 
 hand of their employers, offered to them annually, fo long as the prefent revenues (hall remain 
 with the Company, and their behaviour fhall continue to ment fuch a reward : We therefore 
 hereby order and direct, 
 
 icfc. That you draw cut an annual account of the fums received from the Dewanny, de- 
 dudling thereout the ftipulated payments to the King and the Nabob, and the allowance to the 
 Ivlabob's minifters — alfo of the revenues of the Provinces of Burdwan, Midnapore, Cliitta- 
 goiig, and the Calcutta Purg^innahs ; from which are to be deduded Lord Clive's Jagbift;, 
 and the ordinary charges of collection. '■ 
 
 107. Upon the amount of the faid net revenues your are hereby indulged to draw a com- 
 minion of two and an half per cent. 
 
 108. The Sum which fhall be the produce of the faid i\ per cent, is to be divided into lOO 
 parts or iharcs ; which parts or fhares are to be appropriated in the following manner, viz, 
 
 T he governor is to have — — — 3^ fhari-^, 
 
 The lecond in council — — — 4f dittj. 
 
 The rclt of the Sclctt Committee, not having a Cieffhip, each — 3!- ditto. 
 The relt of the Council, not having a Chieffhip each — i[ ] 
 
 TOg. For It IS our meaning and directions, that the Chiefs of Coflimbuzar, Patna, Dacca, 
 and Chittagong, are not to hare any proportion of the faid Ihares. 
 
 1 10. Being convinced that the employs of refulent at the Durbar and Chief Collimbuzar, 
 cannot, from the impoitance and extent of the bulinofi of each department, be properly ex- 
 ecuted by one pcrloii, we tticrciurc direct that they bo from thi^ time forward leparated, and 
 thai (ome other member ot the council be appointed to the faid Chieffhip ; we do not make thii 
 regulation from any iailure of attention on tlic part of Mr. Sykes, with whofc conduct wc arc 
 perfectly f»tibfied. 
 
 Ill And in confideration of the extraordinary trouble and attention, which the rofident at 
 the Durbar mujl necefliirily h,ive in the due execution of that important poft, we dirrdl th..t ho 
 be allowed four fliarcs and an half, but this is to be undcriloud to be in full, and inltead of (uch 
 fhares as are affigned, as above mentioned, to his rank in council, or as a member ot the Sek-dl: 
 
 Committee, . ._ , 
 
 112. The large proportion allotted to the governor in the before mentioned comniiiTion oi 
 i[ per cent, is in conlideration of his relinquilhing, and not being concerned in, any trade 
 whatever, even in articles of import and export, and all prcfents or other gratifications, a-i 
 cxpreflld m the deed of renunciation in your proceedings of the 22d September 1766, which wc 
 approve and confirm ; and direct that all governors do execute the like inflrument on their en- 
 term'- into their office : Uui inducement for annexing fo great an annointmciit to the ftaiion 
 of pr'efident and governor, is in lull cxpcctaiion of his giving up his, whole time and attention 
 
 i to
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 62. 
 
 to the faithful difchargeof his duty ; and that, being excluded from all trade himfelf, he mif, 
 and we accordingly depend that he be, vigilant in watching and deteding all abufes committed 
 by others. 
 
 113. You are to obferve that the fliares of the commiflion here fpecified for the governor 
 is additional to his prefent falary of three thoufand pounds per annum, and his Mint Duty and 
 Confulage, and the fhares to other iervants are to be in addition to their prefent appoint- 
 ments of falary, diet money, and the pofts they may refpedively hold, excepting the Chieffliip, 
 as before excepted. 
 
 1 14. Being fatisfied how much our trade and pofTeflions may be affedted by the good fervices 
 to the Company's Military Officers ; therefore, the better to encourage them to exert themfelves 
 in the prefervation of thefe great objcds, we have thought proper to allow them alfo to fhare 
 in the following manner ; viz. 
 
 The commander in chief (as fuch only, he not being tofliare as a 
 
 member of the bcUft Committee or Council) to have — 7 J- fliares. 
 
 Colonels, each — — 2 j 
 
 Lieutenant Colonels, each J f 
 
 Majors, each i 
 
 115. The ample provifion here afllgned to the commander in chief allures him of an 
 honourable competency; and we expe<ii Colonel Smiih, and his fucceflbrs in the co.mmand, 
 foall continue to Ihew an unremiuing attention to their duty, and the preventing all frauds snd 
 abufes in the expences of the army. 
 
 1 16. The allowance made to the reft of the field officers are fuch as put our fervice on a more 
 advantao-eous footing than any other military fervice in the world, and gives them the profpeft 
 of improvmg their fortunes by a gradual progreflion. 
 
 1 17. After ail the allowances aie made to the Company's principal civil and military fervants, 
 as before directed, a conilderable proportion of the 2 1 per cent, commiirion Will remain unappro- 
 priated ; in order therefore to encourage the reft of the Company's military officers, and to re- 
 move every complaint of red u(Stion of double batta, we have thought proper to make them, 
 over and above their prefent eftabliftied pay, the following allowances, by way uf donation or 
 gratuity only, anrl which are to be paid them accordingly ; viz. 
 
 To a Captain — three Shillings a day ; 
 
 To a Lieutenant — two Shillings a day ; 
 
 To. a an linfign — one Shilling a day. 
 But we tnuft here obferve to you, and accordingly direifl that neither a colonel, lieutenant 
 colonel, or mnjor, is to be allowed the three fliillings a day as captain of a company ^ the 
 shares we have allotted them in the produce of the 2 j per cent, upon the revenues being in full 
 of ourdonatjon or gratuity, as well for their being captains as field officers ; and here it is pro- 
 per to inform you, that it is our pofitive order and dire(5lion, that the double batta, be never re- 
 llored to any of our officers whatfocver. 
 
 n8. We have now to add, and we accordingly direct, that the beforementioncd commiflions 
 of 2 i per cent, do commence from the ift day of September 1767 ; but as we have before 
 ordered that the allowance made to the governor of t | part per cent, on the dewanny revenues 
 is abfolutely to determine and ceafe on that day ; we further direiS, that, from the laid ift day 
 of Ssotember laft, to the time of the arrival of thefe advices, an allowance of 1 -i per cent, 
 on the Company's nett territorial revenues be made to the governor, and that then the fum 
 aniing from the remaining i ^ per cent, which completes the 2 [ percent, comraiilion, be pro- 
 portioned among our principal Iervants, civil and military, pro rata, according to the re- 
 ioeiSive (hares allotted them by our prefent appointment ; and your are to take notice that from 
 and after vour receiving thefe difpatcbes, the amount of the 2 r per cent, commiflion is to be 
 appropriated in the manner before direded. 
 
 No. 62* 
 
 15th September 1769. 
 Extrall from htJlruSllons to CommiJJioners. 
 
 27. "\X /^ eryoin you to enquire into fuch abufes as have been committed or ptaftifed in carrying 
 VV on and continuing an excluilve trade in the arti'.les of fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, 
 contrary to theexprefs directions and orders tranfmitted by the Court of Directors. VVc diredt 
 you to enquire into the reafons why fuch orders have been difobeyed or negledlcd ; and it is 
 our intention, that thofe trades be laid open to all perfons, as well natives as Europeans ; and 
 that Englifh fubjeil.i be permitted to trade therein only upon the fame footing, and under the 
 fame duties and reftri6tions, as natives or other fubjedts do. You will take particular care that 
 thefe duties or regulations be not evaded, under pretence of any rc.'pcdt d us unto, or the in- 
 fluence of the Englilh Fla^. 
 
 No. 63. 
 
 1
 
 A P P E N D r X, No. 63. 
 No. ^5. 
 
 THIS indenture, made the eleventh day of September, in the 5th year of the reicrn. of, &c. 
 an. I in the year of our Lord 1765, between the Riaht Honourable Robert Lord CUve, 
 baron of Plallisy, in the Kini^dom of Ireland, knight companion of the moft noble order 
 or the Bath, and prcfident and eovemor of Fort William, at Bengal, in the Eaft Indies • 
 Wm. B. Sumner, brigadier general John Carnnc, Charles Stafford Playdcll, Harry Vcrelft* 
 Francis Sykes, John Cartier, Randolph Marriott, Hugh Watts, ACcanius Wm. Senior, R. Lcy- 
 cefter, and George Gray, being the Council of Fort William aforefaid, Kfquircs, for and on 
 behalf of the Court of Dire(aors of the Honourable the United Eaft India Company of Mer- 
 chants of England trading to the Eaft Indies, on the one part, and the Uid William IJrightwell 
 Sumner, Harry VerelH, Raph Lcyccfter, and George Gray, being a committee, nominated, 
 conflituted, and appomied, by the proprietors, entitled to the exclufive joint trade of lalt, beetle 
 nut, and tobacco, produced, and to be produced, in the provinces of Iien<'al, Kahar, and Orixa 
 for the better conducting, managing, and carrying on the faid trade, on the other part : whereas 
 in and by a certain deed, or infirument in writing, bearing date the 18th day of September 
 1765, and made, or mentioned to be made, between the faid proprietors to the faid joint trade 
 en the one part, and the above named William Brightwell Sumner, Harry Vercll, Ralph Ley- 
 teller, and treorge Gray, on the other part ; it is witnclTed, amongll other things, that, in 
 order for the better carrying on and managing the faid joint trade in a beneficial manner, and 
 nioft for the benefit and advantage o( the faid proprietors, it was and is agreed by and between 
 the parties in the faid deed mentioned, that the faid exclufive joint trade and merchandize 
 Ihould, from and after the i8th day of September, 1765, be conducted, managed, tranfadled 
 and carried on, by them the faid William l-irightwell Sumner, Harry Vereift, Ralph I/Cyceftcr, 
 and George Gray, conltituting a committee for the management thereof, but with the proper 
 monies, and at the joint ri(k and hazard, and for the joint account, ufe, and benefit of all the 
 laid proprietors, thnr feveral and refpective executors and adniinillrators, in the feveral propor- 
 tions therein fet forth. And it was and is alio further agreed, by and between the faid parties, 
 that tlie fo m and fignature under which the faid exclufive joint trade and merchandize fliould 
 be conducted and carried on, fhould be the fign manual of them the faid William lirifhtwcll 
 Sumner, Harry Vereift, Ralph Leyceiler, and George Gray, and their lucceflbrs for the time 
 being, conftituting a committee as aforefaid, togerher with the fea! of the fociety of trade, with 
 full power and authority to the faid William Brightwell Sumner, Harry Vereift, Ralph Ley- 
 cefter, and George Gray, and their fuccelfors, to ufe the fame, from the faid 8th day of Sep- 
 tember, 1765, until the faid exclufive joint trade and merchandize fhould ccafc, and be no 
 longer carried on for the ufe of the faid proprietors, as in and by the faid deed, reference being 
 thereunto had, will more fully and at large appear. Now this indenture witneflirth, that, in 
 conl'ideration of the faid William Bri^^htwfll Sumner, Harry Verelll:, Ralph Leyccfter, and 
 George Gray's taking upon themf'elves the foic management and coiidudtion of the faid joint 
 trade, on behalf of the faid proprietors, and having laid out and expended large fums of money 
 to carry on the fame, and in oider to enforce ttic execution of all and every the covenants 
 ctaufes, grants, articles, and agreements, in the before recited deed mentioned and contained, 
 as the fame are therein refpedtively expreffed ; and alfo in confideration of the duties and 
 cuftoms that fhali or may arife, or accrue, by reafon of the carr)ing on the faid exclufive joint 
 trade of lalt, beetle nut, and tobacco, according to the true intent and meaning of the faid 
 herein before recited deed, to be paid to them the faid Robert Lord Clivc, W. h. Sumner 
 J. C. C. S. P. H. V. J. S. J. C. R. M. H. W. A. W. S. S. M. R. L. and G. g! 
 as prefident and council of Fort William aforefaid, for and on accout of the laid honourable 
 the United Eaft India Company, by them the faid W. B. S. H. V. R. L. and G. G. and 
 their fucctflors, contlituting a Committee as aforefaid, for and on account of the proprietors 
 entitled to the faid exclufive joint trade and meichandizc, in the proportions herein alrcr 
 mentioned; that 13 to fay, 35 per cent, on fait, each ico maunds to be valued and reckoned 
 at 90 Rs. the f'um of 10 per cent, on beetle nut, to be valued and leckoned at the prime coft, 
 and the lum of 25 per cent, on tobacco, to be valued and leckoned at the prime coll, and alfo, 
 that the faid joint trade and merchandize, may not ceafc or be diflolved before the expiration 
 of the term in the faid recited deed mentioned, or any hindrance or floppage be put to the fame, 
 the faid Robert Lord Chve as Prciidcnt, and the faid W. B. S. John Carnac, Charles Stafford 
 Playdell, H. Vcrelft, Francis Sykes, John Carter, Randolph Alarriott, Hugh Watts, Afca- 
 jiius William Senior, iiamuel Middleton, R. L. and G. G. as council of Fort William afore- 
 laid, for and on behalf of the laid court of Diredtors of the Honourable the United Eaft India 
 Company aforefaid, do hereby, for thcmlclvcs and their fiicccflurs, their executors and admini- 
 ffrators, covenant, proniife, and agree, to and with the faid William Brightwell Sumner, 
 Harry Vereift, Ralph Leyccfter, and George Gray, and their fucceflbrs, their heirs, execu- 
 tors, and adminillrators, that, provided any order or dircdfion (hould iflue, or be made, by the 
 faid Court of Directors in England, thereby ordering and direding the faid exclufive joint trade 
 and merchandixe to be dift'olvej, or put to an end, or that may hinder and flop the carry- 
 ing oa the fame, or any part thereof, or contain any thing contrary to the covenants, claufes, 
 grantSi articles, or agreements, in the faid before recited deed mentioned and contained, or 
 
 any
 
 APPENDIX, No. 64; 
 
 any of them, Co that the fame may thereby become void and of no efFei^, then and in that 
 cafe, they the faid Robert Lord Clive as prefident, VV. B. S. John Carnac, Charles Stafford 
 Playdell, Harry Vcrelft, Francis Sykcs, John Cartier, Randolph Marriott, Hugh Watts, Af- 
 canius William Senior, Samuel Middleton, R. L. and G. G. as council of Fort William 
 aforefaid, fliall and will well and truly fave harmlefs and keep indemnified, them the faid 
 William Brightwell Sumner, Harry Vcrelft, Ralph Leycefter, and George Gray, and all the 
 proprietors entitled, or 10 be entitled, to the faid joint trade, and their fucceflbrs, their execu- 
 tors and adminiftrators j and alfo fliall and will, notwithftanding any order or direiSlion to be 
 iiRied to the contrary as aforefaid, keep up, continue, and enforce, or caufe to be kept up, 
 continued, and enforced, the faid exclufive joint trade and merchandize, for the term of one 
 year, to commence from the i8th day of September, 1765, and expire on the i8th day of Sep- 
 tember, 176b, according to the true intent and meaning of the faid before recited deed, and of 
 all the parties thereto, as if the faid order and diredton had never been made or iffued ; and 
 further, that the faid Robert Lord Clive, VV. B. S. John (arnac, Charles Stafford Playdell, 
 H. V. Francis Sykts, John Cartier, Randolph Marriott, Hugh Watts, Afcanius William Se- 
 nior, Samuel MidJlcton, R. L. and G. G. and their fucceffors, as Prefident and Council 
 aforefaid, (hall and will allow unto them, the faid William Brightwell Sumner, Harry Verelft, 
 Ralph Leycefter, and George Gray, and their fucceffors, conftituting a committee as aforefaid, 
 full and fufhcient time, after the expiration of the faid term of one year as aforefaid, to fell, 
 vend, and difpofe of all fuch goods and merchandize, belonging to the (aid joint trade and 
 concern, as fball at that time remain in their hands unfold and net difpofed of, and alfo to 
 colleft and gather in all fuch fum and fums of money as fhall be any ways due or owing unto 
 them the faid William Brightwell Sumner, Harry Verelft, Ralph Leycefter, and George Gray, 
 or their fuccefiors, on account of the laid proprietors and joint trade afore:aid, and to fettle 
 and adjuft all books and accounts belcnginging to and concerning the fame; and the faid 
 W. B. S. H. V. R. L. and Geo. Gray, do hereby for thcmfdves and the reft of the proprie- 
 tors entitled to the faid exclufive joint trade and merchandize of lalt, beetle nut, and tobacco, 
 as aforefaid, and their fucceffors, covenant, promife, and agree to and with the R. Ld. Clive, W, 
 B. S. J. C. C. S. P. H. V. L. S. J. C. R. M. H. VV. A. W. S. J. JVL R. L. and G. G. 
 as prefident and council of Fort William aforefaid, and their fuccefiors, for the time being, 
 that they the faid W. B. S. H. V. R. L. and G. G. conftituting a Committee as aforefaid, 
 and their fucceffors, from time to time, fliall and will well and truly pay and difcharge the 
 duties and cuftoms of the faid articles of lalt, beetle nut, and tobacco, at and after the rates 
 herein before mentioned. and exprelFed, of and concerning the fame, to the right honourable 
 the prefident and council of Fort William aforefaid, and their fuccelTors, or to whom they fhall 
 from time to time diredl and appoint to receive the fame ; and the faid Robert Lord Clive, John 
 Carnac, Charles Stafford Pla)deil, Francis Sykes, Randolph Marriott, Hugh Watts, Afca-r 
 nius William Senior, and Samuel Middleton, do hereby bind and oblige themfelves and their 
 fucceffors, their executors and adminiftrators, jointly unto them the faid William Brightwell 
 Sumner, Harry Verelft, Ralph Leycefter, and George Gray, on behalf of themfelves and the 
 faid proprietors, in the penal fum of for the true and 
 
 faithful obferving, performing, fulfilling, and keeping, all and every the covenants herein con- 
 fainded, and which, on their parts and behalf, are or ought to be performed, obferved, tul- 
 liilcd, and kept as aforefaid. in witnefs, &c. 
 
 R. Whittall. 
 Oct. x 765. 
 
 No. ^4, 
 
 THIS indenture, made the eighteenth day of September, in fifth year of the reign 
 of our Soverci'^n Lord George the Third, by the Grace of God, of Great Britain, 
 France, and Ireland, King, Defender of the Faith, and fo foith, and in the year of our Lord 
 one thoufand feven hundred and fixty-five ; between the Right Honourable Robert Lord 
 Clive, Baron of Plalley, in the kingdom of Ireland, Knight Comjianion of the Moft Honour- 
 able Order of the Bath, and Prefident and Governor of Fort William at Bengal, in the hail 
 Indies i Vt'jUiam Briohtwell Sumner, Brigadier General John Carnac, Charles Staftr.rd Playdell, 
 Harry Verelft, Francis Sykes, John Cartier, Randolph Marriott, Hugh WaUs, A.'"canius Wil- 
 liam S.nior, Samuel Middleton, Ralph Lycefter, and George Gray, being the Council of Fort 
 William afoiefuid, Etquires, for, and on behalf of the Court of Directors of the Honourable 
 the United Eaft India Company of Merchants of England trading to the Eaft Indies, on the 
 one part, and the faid William Brightwell Sumner, Harry Vcrelft, Ralph Lycefter, and George 
 Gray, being a Committee nominated, conftituted and appointed by the Proprietors, intitled to 
 theexclufivc joint trade of fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, produced, and to be produced, in the 
 provinces of Bcnsal, Bahar, and Orixa, for the better conducting, managing, and carrying 
 on the faid trade, "on the other part. Whereas, in and by a certain deed or inflrument in writing?, 
 bearino- date the ei"htcenth day of September, in the year of our Lord one thoufand feven hun- 
 dred and fixty-fivc, and iriade, or mentioned to be made; between the faid Proprietors of the 
 
 faid
 
 APPENDIX, No. 64. 
 
 f;iid joint trade, on the one part, and the faid William Erightwell Sumner, Harry VereliT, 
 Ralph Leycefter, and George Gray, on the other part : it i.-. witiieff^d amongft other ihings, 
 That in order for the belter carrying on and managing the (aid joint trade in a btncfitial manner, 
 and molt for the bcncht and advantage of the faid Proprietors, it wai and is aj^rced, by and be- 
 tween the parties in the faid deed mentioned, that the (;iid exclufive joint trade and muchandize 
 ftiould, from and after the faid eighteenth day of Sept mber, be coaduited, managed, tranf- 
 adted, and carried on by them, the faid William liri^htweli iumner, H.ity Veieift, Ralph 
 Leycefter, and George Gray, conilituting a Commiitce for the manaiiemcnt thereof, but with 
 the proper monies, and at the joint rifk and hazaid, and on the joint account, iifc and benefit 
 of all the faid Proprietors, their feveial and relpective executors and ailinnii!hjtors, in the feveral 
 proportions therein fct forth ; and it was and is alio turther agreed, by and beiwcen the iaid 
 parties. That the form and figiiaturc underneath the faid cxeluhve joint trade and meichandizc 
 Ihouid be condu>:tcd and carried on, (hould be the li^n manual of them, the /aid William 
 Erightwell Sumner, Hjrry Veielfl, Ralph Lcycellcr, and George Gray, and their fucccirors 
 for the time being, conftituting a Comnnttee, as aforefaid, together with the feal of the Society 
 of Trade, with full power and authority to the faid William Brightwell Sumner, Harry Verelli 
 Ralph Leycclter, and Geoige Gray, and their fucceilors, to ufe the f.mie, from the faid 
 eighteenth day of September, one thouiand feven hundred and fixty-five, until the faiil exclufive 
 joint trade and mcrciiandize fhi.uid cealc and be no longer cariied on tor the ulcof the laid Pro- 
 prietors, as in and by the faid deed, reterence being thereunto had, will more fully and at large 
 appear ; now this indenture witneil'eth, That in confideration of the faid Will am Ijiightwell 
 Sumner, Harry Verelft, Ralph Leycefler, and George Gray, taking upon their.felvcs the fole 
 m-magement and condudlion of the faid joint trade, for and on behalf of the faid Proprietors 
 and having laid out and expended large luins of money to carry on the fame, and in order to 
 enforce the executionof all and every the covenants, claufes, articles, and a-^recncnts in the faiJ 
 before recited deed mentioned and contained, as the fame are therein refpediivcly exprelicd, and 
 alfoin confideration of the riuties and cuftoms that Ihall or may arife or accrue by reafon of the 
 carr)ing on the (aid cxclulive joint trade of lalt, beetle nut, and tobacco, according to the true 
 intent and meaning of the faid herein before recited deed, to be paid to them the f.iid Robert 
 L'.rd Clive, William Brightwell Sumner, John Carnac, Charles Stafford Playdcll, Harry 
 Verelft, Francis Sykes, John Carticr, Randolph Marriott, Hugh ^V^1tts, &c. as preiident and 
 council of rort William aforefaid, for and on account of the faid Honourable tiie Uiiiced Lalt 
 India Company, by them the faid William Brightwell Sumner, 6cc. and Jieir fucceliors coji- 
 Itituting a Committee as aforefaid, tor and on account of th- Proprietors iiititied to the faid 
 cxclulive joint trade and merchandize, in the proportion herein after mentioned ; that is to fiy, 
 the fum of thiriy-five per cent, on fait, each one hundred maunds to be valued and reciconed at 
 ninety Arcot rupees; the fum of ten per cent, on beetle nut, and twmty-f.te per cent, on tobacco, 
 both to be valued and reckoned at the prime colt ; and likewife, that the laid joint trade and 
 merchandize may not ceafe or be diffolved before the expiration of the term in the laid herein 
 before recited deed mentioned, or any hindrance or iloppagc be |)ut to the fame, the faid Ki»ht 
 Honourable Lord Clive as prefidcnt, and the faid William Brightwell Sumiiei-, &c. as council 
 of Fort William aforefaid, for and on behalf of the faid Court of Diredlors of the Hor.oarablc the 
 United Eaft India Company aforefaid, do hereby, for themfelves and their fuccclTurs, then 
 cxecuto.s and adminirtrators, covenant, promifc, and agree, to and with the faid William 
 Brightwell Sumner, &c. and their fucceilors, their heirs, executors and adminilbators, that 
 provided any order fhould iflue or be made by the faid Court of Directors in England, there!)/ 
 ordcrinil ^'"^ directing the faid exclufive joint trade and merchandize to be dillblved, cr put to 
 an end, or that may hinder and Hop the carrying on ot the fame or any put thereof, or contain 
 any thing contrary to the covenants, claufes, grants, articles, or agreements in the faid herein 
 before recited deed mentioned and contained, or any of them, fo that the fame may theieby 
 become void and of no effect; then, and in that cafe, they the (aid Robert Lord Clive, as 
 prefidcnt, W. B. Sumner, &c, as couruil of Fort William aforefaid, fiiall and will well and truly 
 fave harmlcis and keep indemnified them, the faid William Briglitwell Sumner, Harry V'erellt, 
 Ralph Lycefter, and George Gray, and all the Proprietors intitled or to be entitled to the faid 
 exclufive joint trade, and their fucceflors, their cxciutois and adminiftrators, and alfo fliall and 
 will, notwithftanding any ordir or direction to be ilTued to the tonlrary as aforefaid, keeji up, 
 continue and enforce, or caule to be kept up, continued and enforced, the faid cxclulive joint 
 trade, for the term of f>rie year, to commence from the faid eighteenth day of September one 
 thouiand feven hundred and fixty-five, and expire on the eighteenth day of September one thou - 
 find feven hundred and fixiy-lix, according to the true intent and meaning ol ilic fjid before 
 recited deed and of all the parties thereto, as if the faid order liad never Uein made or ifl'ued : 
 And further, that the laid Robert Lord Clive, William JJrightwell Sumner, &c. and ihcir 
 fucceflors, as preildeiit and council aforefaid, fhall and will allow unto tliem, the faid W. I(, 
 Sumner, &c. conltituting a Committee as aforefaid, full and fufficienc time, after the cx- 
 .piration of the faid term of one year aforefaid, to fell, vend, and dil'pofe of all fuel) good? and 
 nierchandire, belonging to the laid joint trade and concern, as fliall at that time remain in their 
 hands unlold and not difpofed of; and alfo to colle£t or gather in all fuch fum or fums of money 
 as ihall beany ways dueorowin- uiUothem the faid William BrightVi'ell Gumncr, Harry V'erellt, 
 
 k Ralj>h
 
 APPENDIX, No. 64. 
 
 Ralph Leycefier, and George Gray, or their fuccefTors, on account of the fald Proprietors and 
 ioinc trade aforcfaid, and to fettle and adjuft all hooks and accounts belonging to .;nd concerning 
 the fame ; and the faid VVilliam Brightwell Sumner, Harry Verelll, Ralph Leyrtfter, and 
 Georo-e Gray, do hereby, for themfelves and the reft of the Proprietors intiilcd to the f.Jd 
 cxclulive joint tiade and merchandize of fait, beetle nut, and tobacco, as aforefaid, and their 
 fuccellbrs, covenant, promife, and agree, to and with the faid Robert Loro Clive, William 
 )iright\vcil Sumner, John Carnac, &c. as prefidcnt and council of Fort William aforefaid, and 
 their fuccefTors, for the time being, That they the faid William Brightwell Sumner, &c. con- 
 iJritiiting a Connnittee as aforefaid, and their fucceffors, from time to time, (hill and will well 
 and tiuly pay and difchargethe duties and cuftoms of the faid articles of fait, beetle nut, and 
 tobzcco. at anJ after the rates herein before mentioned and exprefl'ed of and ccncernmg the fame, 
 to the Kicht Honourable the Picfidetu and Council of Fort VVilliam aforefaid, or iheir fuc- 
 ceffois, oV 10 whom they fliall from time to time appoint to receive the fame : And laftlv, the 
 faid piitics to thcfc prefents, and every of them, do hereby bind and oblige themfelves and their 
 fucceflbrs, their heirs, executors, and adminiftrators, the one to the other of them, in the 
 renal fum of eight lacks of current rupees, for the true and faithful performance of all and every 
 the covenants herein contained, and which, on their parts and behalfs, are or ought to be per- 
 formed, fulfilled, and kept as aforefaid. In vvitnefs whereof all the parties to thcfe prefents have 
 hereunto fei their hands and feals, the day and year firit above written. 
 
 (Sisned) (Signed) (signed) 
 
 ': Ralph Leycester (L. S.) A. W. Senior (L. S.) Frans. Sykes (L. S.) 
 
 John Carnac (L. a.) Cuve (L. S.) George Gray (L. S.) 
 
 Sam"-. MiDDLETON (L. S.) Hugh Watts (L. S.) Rand" Marriott (L. S.) 
 
 H. Verei,st(L. S.) W.B. Sumner (L.S.) 
 
 (Copy.) 
 The Right Honourable Robert Lord Clive, Prefidcnt, and the Council"^ 
 
 of For^ William j jp^^^ ^^ Indemnity. 
 
 .William Brightwell Sumner, Harry Verelft, Ralph Leycefter, and j ^^ f^^^Xilde 
 George Gray, conftituting a Committee for managing the exclufive I 
 joint trade of fait, &c. J 
 
 No. -65.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 65. 
 
 
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 A P P E N D I X, No. 66, 67. 
 No. 66. 
 
 STATE of the RECEIPTS of the NORTHERN CIRCARS, from the Time of the 
 
 Grant of them to the laft Advices. 
 
 March 1766 to April 1767. Received of fundry Zemindars and Renters, &c. Lft. 14.0,618 
 
 May 1767 to April 1768. Received as above — — 128,556 
 
 May 1768 to April 1769. Received as above ■ ■ 185,010 
 
 May 1769 to April 1770. Received as above •— 320,512 
 
 May 1770 to April 1771. Received as above ■ 35i)7'Q 
 
 May 1771 to December 1771. Received as above -— _ 106,040 
 
 Lft. 1,235,455 
 
 Eaft India Houfe, 
 2b February, 1773. 
 
 Errors excepted. 
 
 John Hoole, Auditor of Indian Accounts. 
 
 No. 6y. 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Ciive, Prefident and Governor, &c. Council of Fort William. 
 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 ''P'HE addrefs herewith lent to the Right Honourable Prefident and Council, from the fhortnefs 
 A of the time lince I have had the opportunity of feemg the papers of the Seledf Commitec, 
 nnd from the hurry of my departure, I have not been able to rinifh till this moment ; it rei\$ with 
 your Lordfhip and Council to permit it to go home by ttiis fhip, that my reply may appear with 
 my accufatjon, which 1 fubmit to your juftice. 
 
 And am, with refpeft. 
 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 Oi\. lft, 1765. Your molt obedient fervant, 
 
 John Johnstoije. 
 
 Tp the Right Honourable Lord Clive, Prefident and Governor, &c. Council of Fort William. 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 I received the minutes of the Right Honourable the Prefident, and the other three members of 
 the committee, forwarded to me from the fecretary, under date the 24th June. 
 • The realbns why 1 declined entering on any defence before the committee, as my judges, I 
 I have already, in part, mentioned in my minute : 1 could not, in juttice to myfclf, fubmit to 
 ) be tried and judged by the committee, who atSled fo much as parties and profecutors.. The 
 . methods uled by them to get evidence againll ine, appeared fo great a violation ol that liberty 
 and freedom, that as a Britain 1 had a right to. That I could hope for no impartial juitice from 
 ihofe who fet out in a manner fo totally fubvertive of the laws and liberty of the lubjecf. Could 
 I hope, that thfle gentlemen, who would confine, under military guards, in the moft rigorous 
 and terrifying manner, the men they thought intruded with my lecrets ; and that under thefe 
 undue influences would oblige them to violate their truft, f^ith, and gratitudt-, and to give an- 
 : fwers to enfnare themftlves, or injure their benfactor?, would not efteem i'uch evidence, even 
 fo obtained, fufficient handle to purfue their dtfigns againtt me, and to adjudge me culpable : 
 . When I law Mahomed Reza Cawn and Juggct Sect, men who had a few days before ackiiow- 
 L icd2,ed the highelt obligations to me, and dependence on my friendlhip to (ave their honour and 
 i pofts, and curry favour, led to relate and fwear, without being confronted, or even examiiied 
 in our hearing, to matters known to be falfe to the teit of the gentlemen as well as to me, I 
 .obje£ted, and ftill object, and deny any evidence fo procured .- neither could I confider narra- 
 tives extorted by hope of favour, or fear of difgrace, as complaints lodged againft mc by the 
 , men theml'elves ; for Juggct Seet moft avowedly declares, at the concluJion of this narrative 
 That enquiry being made of him by thefe gentlemen ( Undil tUillari i Sabit>au) he has wrote the 
 above, in which there is not a word of untruth. How well this declaration agrees with the 
 profeffions of fatisfaiRion, and offers of fcrvicc, the Sects had of their own accord made in their 
 letter to me alter my return here, and w^en the expected committee were arrived, I beg the 
 unbiafl'cd to judge from peruljng their letter, of which a copy :s herewith fent, and whether if 
 Jugoet Sett had not been made to perceive how agreeable fuch a charge would be to the gentle- 
 men of the committee he would of himfcifmade any, or thought he had any good caufc to com- 
 plain of the behaviour of the deputation to him at the city. The terror and apprehenfion 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn was in, from the advantage he fuppofed would be taken by his enemies 
 to ruin him, when he v/2s not p rmitted to come down with the Nabob, was known to every 
 body. The anxiety of his mind was ftill further increafed, when ordered down by a letter 
 from Lord Clive, under his great feal ; this, and what he had been made to underlfand, that all 
 the bufincfs of nnomcnt was taken from »ut of the hands of the council, made him decline either 
 
 t9
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 67. 
 
 to receive or pay vifits to thofc gentlemen, who but a few days before he ha'i avowed his 
 greateft friends. When views of intereft and time-ferving can make men fo forgetful of all 
 gratitude and honour, what credit can, or ought to be paid to uhat they fay ? Mahomed 
 Reza Cawn found himfelf obnoxious to the nabob, and accufed bv him to the Committee j 
 that the former council, to whom he owed his (lation, were no longer in power to lupport 
 him i that Nundcomar, whom he confidered as his mortal enemy, was relcafcd, untried, 
 and admitted to the higheft confidence and tenor with the nabob ; nay, as he fent inc 
 word, that he had ventured even to fign again as Duan to the nabob ; that the Co;»- 
 mittee fct thtmfelvcs up as the judge of the council, in fuch (ituation, where he 
 had every thing to fear from their dlfpleafurc, every thing to expedt from their favour. 
 What roan would admit himfelf to be judged by narratives obtained undir fuch circumllaiices, 
 as bv lawful evidence upon oath, where the witncfs fwears, He is neither aiiuated by hope or 
 fear ? As proofs of his terrible apprehenfions from the fchemes of his ene^nics, and his depen- 
 dence on my alfidance, and the fentiment he entertained of my former obligations, and of the 
 little faith ought to be given to reprefcntations obtained of the fame man, who can in fo fhort a 
 fpace accommodate to the times, I beg leave to refer to three letters he wrote me after my arrival 
 in Calcutta, and to one from Mootyram, to which he refers . his referring back to prcfents he 
 had made months before this of liimfelf to Mr. Spencer, and inferring the name of Mr. Cartier 
 to what that gentleman was ignorant of, and in which, whatever had been done was done by 
 himfelf after 1 came away, fhews how much he fludied to gain an intereft with the committee 
 by relating thofe particulars, though fo ftrong marks of his fervility and black ingratitude, 
 when fuch increafe of honour and power was heaped, without any additional merit in this man 
 but what his narratives could claim, and the whole torrent of perfecution was let ioofi ag?iifift 
 the receivers of the Nabob's prefents, indead of giving him any redrefi againit Mahomed Reza 
 Cawn, the man he complained againlt, as the giver away of his money, without his know- 
 ]e<lge or confent. Whether thefe proceedings have been carried on to the length they are 
 for other motives, or from the dcfire of renderin? fatisfaftion to the Nabob, whole inclinations 
 or intereft appear to be fo little attended to in the fubfequent regulations and tranfadtions of th<; 
 committee, the world, on a knowledge of fa<Sls, will judge; in my minute I mentioned in my 
 objecting to the evidence of Mootyram, when the prefident had defired he might be brought before 
 the board, and queftioned to the truth of what had been wrote down as his anfwer on oath, for 
 the fame reafons as before mentioned, that while under the oains and terrors of an unjuft con- 
 finement by an unlawful power exerted towards him, no fuch evidence can be efteemed free and 
 voluntary ; and bccaufe he muft have that apprehenfion of ftill harder punift)iTient, fliould he 
 deviate any thing from what had been put down as his evidence in the confufion he reprefents 
 himfelf to have been in when firft carried prifoner and examined before them tl»e 8th ; never- 
 thelefs this eximination, the mod unprecedented perhaps has been heard of in any Englifli colony, 
 enjoying his majefty's moft gracious charter of liberties, was gone through before an aficmbly of 
 his majefty's juitices of peace, that had been wrote down as the queltions and ant'wcrs of his 
 examination of the 8th, was read to the prifoner, and he again (worn to make true anfwer, 
 though thii was plainly putting the anfwer into the evidence's mouth that he ftiould give: and 
 though his deviating in this refped in any court, intirely invalidates his former evidence, and 
 made him liable to perjury ; yet even under this dilemma did Mootyram, as I underftand, differ 
 in his tvideiict, in what had been laid the greateft ftrefs on : Firft, he is made to deny the firft 
 (jucftion he had fworn point blank before that he went to Juggut Scet to demand money: by 
 ilub he contradidls himCclf in his firft evidence, and contradids Juggut Sect's narrative, 
 which he is made to acknowledge, as being every word true : afterwards in the examination, 
 he fays, he fpoke nothing, but that Ifmael Aly Khan fpoke and demanded three laaks of rupees. 
 Jugget Sect in his narrative makes Mootyram come and demand five laaks, but takes no notice 
 of Ifmael Aly Khan ; and Mootyram in his evidence is made to ani'wcr, that he demanded this 
 money of the Sects, and that he demanded it on account of the gentlemen, and thole that fent 
 him. It is plain, this relation of the fame convcrfation no ways agrees : let it be here remarked, 
 that Mootyram never has ventured to alTert, he was fent by me, or any of the gentlemen, to aflc 
 money of the Sects ; yet he is made to reply, that he demanded the money (viz. the fum men- 
 tioned in Jugget Sect's narrative, five laaks) on account of the gentlemen, and thofc that lent 
 him : Ifmael Aly Khan, by Mootyram's anfwer in the examination of the 8th, is made to 
 demand three laaks; the firft vifit in Mootyram's prcfence and Mootyram in Jugget Sect's 
 narrative, is made to hint a prefent in general, but nothing in particular the firft vifit, yet under 
 a threat of difpleafure, and of no alTiftance to his bufincf-; if he did not comply ; Mootyram 
 iieverthelcfs denies, that he faid a word, or carried any nuflage to Juggut Sect the firft vifit. 
 Mootyram here contradidls the narrative of the Sect, which he is made in another place to 
 acknowledge as every word true: and in the next vifit, inltead of three laaks that was f'aid to 
 have been afked in his prcfence by Ifmael Aly Khan, he (Mootyram) is made to increafe the 
 demand, and to aflc for five laaks. How confiftent or probable this ftory is, I leave it to every 
 man to judge. The fecond queftion propofed to Mootyram is in thefe words in the examination 
 the 8th, What did you fay to Mahomed Reza Cawn about flopping the bufinefs of the Seet^, 
 unlefs they complied with the demand ? In what words this was put, and how far fuch a queftion 
 to a prifoner anfwering on his own defence, or to fix his ^wer «s evidence againft his »blciu 
 
 1 bfrtefador.
 
 APPENDIX, No. ^7. 
 
 benefaftor, I appeal to the whole woild. But what muft every man feel within himfelf when 
 he compares the anfwerfet down in thele proceedings in thcfe words, " I did tell him (Mahomed 
 " Reza Cawn) that the gentlemen would protect their bufinefs if they would make a prefent ; 
 " if not, the bufinefs of the Scets fhould meet with no protection or countenance," as being my 
 orders; when he underftands that terms of exprelfion made ufc of by Mootyram, as conveying 
 the threat, were merely Cooch-booligani : the plain tranflation of which is, he will fay nothing, 
 or he will reil filent, or fay not a word; which is wreftcd to exprefs a meaning fo entirely 
 contrary to it, viz. that the Sects bufinefs (hall meet with no counttinance or proteilion. — It is 
 hard toimagine, that any body who has been for years in this country could be fo much unac- 
 . quainted with the languages as not to know this common expreflion ; how it has been tortured to 
 make me appear guilty of raifing threats to extort money from the Sects muft evideniiy convince 
 every enquirer with what little candour I have been ufed during ihe courl'e of thcfe exammations. 
 Here the Committee themfelves render teftimony of Mootyram's falfifying in this part of his evi- 
 dence : but allowing that he had really ufed Cooch Sei Kurregani and Cooch-booli^^ani, the Ex- 
 prefliofls will never come up to the fenfe given it. That the bufinefs of theStcts ftiall meet with n» 
 countenance or Prote<£tion : Cooch Sei harrageni joined with Couch-booiigani, lign'fieshe willnot 
 exertanyendeavours, and will fay nothing ; alfoiimay be underftood he will not ftir in their affairs, 
 or fay any thing : it is impofllblc for me to fay from my own knowledge, as not being prefent, what 
 other errors, omiflion, queftions not underftood by the prifoner, or anfwers miftaken in the 
 tranflation, have been made ; but I have good grounds to believe that had the anfwers and quef- 
 tionsbecn put down on paper in the language Mootyram underilood, tiic examination would 
 have contained meanings and lentences very different from what now appear put down in Englifh j 
 as in his evidence on the third queftion, giving account of what palled between the Sects and 
 Ifmael Aly Kawn, Mootyram contradicts what he had before faid : it muft be allowed, that either 
 what he faid was not perfectly underftood, or mifconftrued, or that Mootyram's evidence on oath 
 was falfified the fecond time, by his evidence on oach : after thefe contradictions in Mooiyram's 
 evidence, which I have pointed out in fo many glarin-^ liiftances, that any degree of credit Ittould 
 be given to the reft will fcarce, I prefume, be urged berore judges unbiaffed and impartial. The 
 proceedings of the committee wherein I was any way mentioned, after my refigning the lervice, 
 were never communicated to me ; the oath binding all thofe in the Select Committee Office to the 
 ftricteft fecrecy, put it out of my power to learn what had been tranfaded there agaiiift me, and 
 none of the proceedings or papers of the Committee were allowed to be perufcd by the members 
 of the council, and only particular parts read over to them, and the papers again pocketted, 
 and carried away. I have never been able to learn any thing certain as to the proceedings and 
 papers that fo deeply concerned me to have been acquainted wth, and which in common legard 
 lojuftice, one would think I was intitled to expeit Ihould have been couimuiitcated tome. It 
 was not however till the 25th inilant, and thro' the means of General Carnac, that I tiad th^ 
 leaft knowledge or accels to the papers of the Committe that concerned me fo particularly, juft 
 at ihe eve of my departure, and in the hurry of fettling my concerns, on quitting the country 
 in fo fhort a fpace ; the difadvantage I am f^ubjc6ted to in replying to and refuting the many 
 things falfely laid to my charge, and the unjuft conclufions thence drawn to my prejudice, m 
 the adts of the Commitiec, muft be evident to every one. 
 
 I have given reafons for not allowing the truth of any Mahomed Rexa Cawn has advanced, 
 . It muft appear evident, that the fame methods to which he owed his confirmation and fafcty be- 
 fore, by iacrificing his honour and gratitude to fave himfelf from the refcntment of the Com- 
 mittee, ftill operating, in dictating the reply to Lord Clive's letter, in his iirft narrative, he 
 lays. Not that any fum whatever was demanded cither from the Nabob or himfelf by Mooty- 
 iiin, npr by the Gentlemen of the Deputation. In this laft reprefentation he thinks it may be 
 more fatisfadory to aver this faliehood. That Mr. Johnflonc had at firft demanded a very large 
 fum by Mootyram, and that his reprefentations to the Nabob were in confequence of my defirc; 
 though he before rcprefented that the meilage he carried was from the Deputation, and ior no 
 particular fuin; and that the firft application he made was in confequence of what had pafTed 
 between him and all the gentlemen together, which conliftedonly in their deliring him to inti- 
 mate their hope to the Nabob, without prcfRiig any fum; and which for fear of difpleafing 
 them he confcnted to do. He then fets forth. That the Nabob defired him to make out a lift, 
 and that he referred it entirely to the Nabob's own pleafure to determine it ; according to which, 
 it was made out before his face; however, now he thinks it will ferve his purpole better to 
 allege, that the fum and the diftribution was fettled by the Nabob, not by his own pleafure, 
 but according to my di<Stating. The Nabob then muft have done fo, either of his own plea- 
 fure, or out of awe or fear of me.; and if the latter, it is moft evident he could not have de- 
 fired a better opportunity of gratifying his refentment, than by complaining of me to the other 
 gentlemen, if what he had entered for them had been by me perverted to my private ufe. Now 
 it is very true that the Nabob did, through Mahomed Reza Cawn, make an offer of a laak to 
 me, befides what I received in comman with the reft.; and it is moft certain that I declined 
 accepting this fi-parate teep, and never did receive it from Mahomed Reza Cawn, but on the 
 contrary, ordered.it to be returned to the Nabob, with my thanks for his diftinguifhing offer ^ 
 and I call upon Meilrs. Senior and Middleton to declare, v/hether, in confequence of my hav- 
 ing refufed the accepting of this tecp, they were not witniffes to the Nabob's introducing the 
 
 fubjeft
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 67. 
 
 fubjecl himself in the Durbar, and prefling me in the moft urgent manner to receive it a$ a 
 mark of his favour, and whether it was not with their knowledge and approbation, tliat after 
 repeated inftances from the Nabob himfelf, made before them and feveral others then in the 
 Durbar, I confented to take it. Whether the money had been then pait', or whether this fum 
 was not paid to me at the fame time with that paid to the reft .i iong while aft-rwards ; an J with 
 their knowledge; and whether the faid Nabob, Mahomed Reza Cawn, at that tijnc ever gave 
 any reafon to think this was contrived by me, or not proceeding merely from the Nabob's own 
 determination. The prcfent the Nabob made to my brother, he liimfcif ia his own Durbar 
 bcftowed upon him, the day he wen: to take his leave to join the army, and referred him to 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn for payment of it ; and for the payment of which the Nabob gave the 
 repeated fandtion of his will and authority, in figning tlic furj fual many days after, when prc- 
 iented to him by Mahomed Reza Cawn, who took thele precautions before he would iilue any 
 money. 1 never mentioned to the Nabob one finale word, regarding a prefent for my brother. 
 If I had, or that this was difagreeablc to him, it lay in his own will whether to have given it, 
 and in his power to have with-held the payment of the teep afterwards, and to have tiiken notice 
 •of it to the reft of the gentlemen, had any undue influence, or contrary to his own inclination 
 at that time, had not he a fair opportunity of rcprelVnting this to the other gentlemen with 
 whom I was joined incommi/Iion, and with whofe knowledge andconfenthe faw that all affairs 
 were condudted ? He had complained but afew days before a^ainft me in particular ro the go-^ 
 vernor, in regard to the examining the Cutchery papers, though the deputies had firft c»btained 
 his confcnt and order for the book-keepers to attend with the books, in order to regulate the 
 partition of the charge of the collections agreeable to the treaty : the Nabob, indeed, when 
 afterwards convinced that he had been impofed upon by peof)lc who had their own views to 
 ftrve in the complaint, publicly apologized for it, and fignitied hii, b'Jng perfectly fatisfied on 
 this point, in a letter he wrote to the governor, both which appear in the bcolc cf country cor- 
 refpondence ; as the explaining the orders of the board, and the I'entimcncs ot the; deputation 
 fell upon me, being more verfed in the country language than the other gentltm' n, this ex- 
 pofed me inore than any of the reft to the Nabob's difpleafurej and though throughout the 
 whole of the negociations there was no difference in our op'nions, yet the whole refentment of 
 whatever was faid or done not agreeable to the Nabob, has been direfted againft me in parti- 
 cular. This it is neceffary to obferve, in order to fhew that had his liighnefs had fuch caufc a( 
 complaint againft me, .is is now endeavoured to be made believed, he wanted not inftigators 
 €nough about him to have taken the occafioii of laying fuch a charge againft me, ei:her to the 
 gentlemen of the Depuiation, or to the Board below. As to Mahomed R.ezaCawn's own pre^ 
 fcnts, which he would now pretend were folicited from him, 1 flatly deny; and aflert, inrima^ 
 tion was firft given to us by Mootyram of his being defirous of making us a prefent ; and thair 
 fuch were his intentions is known to others ; that himfelf verbally mentioned the fuins for each ; 
 and that no note was, to my knowledge, ever offered by him rupees 4,75,000. That I appro- 
 priated a rupee, of what Mahomed Reza Cawn defigned, or intended, or p'opofed to mc, or 
 with my knowledge, for the other gentlemen, as the Committee have aMedged, I dttlaie is 
 falfe : 1 never had a note from him in my pofTcftion, nor remember ever to hive feen one in his 
 hands, or in thofe of Mootyram ; and that the agreeing to accept at the laft- o( his nrcfent, lonij 
 before tendered, of a laack cich, was with the joint concurrence of Meflicurs Middleton and 
 Senior, Mahomed Reza Cawn being then prefent ; and in confcquence of which, the bills were 
 forwarded Irom Muxadabail, and the payments in ready money promifed at the city for Mcfllcurs' 
 Senior and Middleton, tho' Mr. Middlefon, Mr. Lcycefter, and myfcif, did aticrwtrds, for' 
 the reafons we have before afligned, decline accepting of this when we had it in our power, that 
 we might be under no reftraint from fuch confideration in fupporting our opinions; that Juj^gut 
 Sect wanted to make his prefent to mc alone, both Meffieurs Senior and Middleton, to whom 
 the circumftances was then mentioned, may remember, and th.it I refufed accepting any but in 
 common and equal with the other gentlemen ; that fo great endeavours have been ufed, by im- 
 pril^ming fome, over-awing, and terrifying others, and by hopes and rewards beftowed upon 
 others in order to fearch out and collcdt whatever concerned mc, while no notice or fcrutiny 
 that appears has been midelhto the piefents received by many others lately and heretofore, tho' 
 not lefb talked of, nor lefs confiderabic ; whether it proceeds from thofe motives of honour and 
 firm attachment to the interclt rff their employers, or to gratify particular ends and refentments, 
 we leave to th- impartial to judge. 
 
 How ready the black fclhiws are to curry favour, by joining in what they fuppofc muft be 
 ai;reeable to the will of the Committee ; the ftopping my joint trade for weeks in l^irdwan, and 
 in Suja iMoeta, where our piopcity has been twice arretted, and is ftill unrclcafcd, to our great 
 lofs, and their refufing to pay me my juft debts in other places, fince my refiijning the fervice, 
 mulf evince ; the merchants, even at Calcutta, after having bargained for goods at the market 
 price, when they have learnt they were mine, have flown off their agreement. 
 
 lihall now make fome remarks on the proceccdings of the Committee of the 21ft, tvith the 
 other. papers of the a6th inftant. 
 
 It is very true, I have, and ever fliall rcfufe to reply to the Committee as my judges, as I 
 cftecm the power they have taken to themfelves as ufurped and unlawful, and contrary to the 
 fenfe gf their appointment.; to thcmfolves I objedt, as having ajlcd as parties, snd trampled on 
 
 every
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 eveiy liberty and right, that as a Briton I had a right to expedl in my trial ; yet, though I re- 
 je^H: replying at their tribunal, whole laws and bounds feem only what their will and caprice 
 di£late, I do not decline to juftify my charafter, where I can expedt a fair and impartial hear- 
 \rf. In order to fhevv how candid are the opinions of thofe who would be my judges; let it 
 be°remarked that they aflert, I have atlually received the feveral fums in money and bills, fpe- 
 cified in the general accounts of Mahomed Reza Cawn and Juggut Seet ; and immediately after 
 that, Mr. Lycefter neither did nor intended to receive the bills lodged with Mootyram ; now 
 they muft have known that the bills never were in my hands, or received by me more than by 
 Mr. Lycefter, and the refolution of never receiving their amount and the orders for giving them 
 back, were taken by me jointly with that <:;entli;.nan ; for which I appeal to his honour, and 
 iliat it was no more known to me than to him, that they had not been delivered back ai Moo- 
 tyram bad repeatedly alTured me they were; but no queftion that could ferve to clear me in thi» 
 or any other point was ever put to the prifoner or others. As to the menaces that the Com- 
 mittee would endeavour to make fuch a handle of, I do again deny ever all fuch, and my hav- 
 ing authorized any (uch melTagcs by Mootyram, to Mahomed Rcza Cawn or Juggut Sect; yet 
 this menace when fairly rendered inEngliOi amounts at the utmoft to, I will fay nothing (Cooch 
 Booliganiey. In order to lay greater load on me by a compariibn with others, the Com- 
 mittee f^ave it as their opinion, that Mr. Middlcton always intended to refufe the prefent in- 
 tended him by Mahomed Reza Cawn; this Mr. Middleton is a man of too much regard to 
 truth to pretend to, and only fays, That he avoided receiving any part of this, and afterward 
 ileterniined retufing it, and which was much about the time Mr. Lycefter and I took the fame 
 refolution; as to "the reflcvStion of our being guilty of difobedience to the Company's pofuive 
 orders relative to the covenants, both in delaying the execution of them, and in receiving pre- 
 fciits • I rcplv, that I was called down to council in February without defiring it, an occaiional 
 member; that it afterwards depended on the determination of others, whether I fhould be of the 
 deputation or not; and that the covenants were never tendered to rrn ; that MelTicurs Sumner 
 iind Sykes have not fcrupled to declare publicly, that they would not have come out, had they 
 previoufly known thefe covenants were to have been executed, which if they chofe to make ufe 
 of as an argument would acquit us at leaft from the cenfure they vouchfafe now to pafs upon 
 us- covenants are free for men to bind themfelves by or not, and till the party concerned agrees 
 to 'enter into them of choice, are no more obligatory on him from their arrival in Bengal, than 
 from the day they were drawn up in England, and can retrofpe6t to the one period as little aj 
 to the other ; I never refufed to execute them nor oppofed it being propof^-d in council when he 
 propofed the queftion. Whether the receiving of prcfents were improper? Mr. Sykcs by his 
 anfwer condemns as well as us, the noble lord, and all thofe benefitted then and fince by 
 them • the nnnutcs of the other members of the Committee, are not direct anfwers to this 
 plain general queftion, V/hether the acceptance of all prefents be improper ? a queftion that 
 thof.' who had ever benefitted in that way chofe rather to leave unanfwered ; however, we differ 
 here in opinion from the Committee, of having thereby done any thing to the injury of our em- 
 ployers or covenanted for any fervices diflionourable to ourfelves, or hurtful to their affairs. 
 We muft fubmit to the common fenfe of mankind our proceedings in this, and the Decency, 
 Candor Moderation, &c. in this and other points trauladed by them fince they undertook 
 their reftorin<^ of peace, order, and tranquillity ; the prefents received from the Nabob we ftill 
 confider as received with as great propriety as any others received fince the cuftom was intro- 
 duced and fetting up Meer Jaffier, and we imagine there will few be brought to believe, that 
 the larsie fums received at that time by the commander in chief and his friends, while the pub- 
 lic enirafements were left undifcharged, were received in that fpirit of difintereftednefs and con- 
 cern a^a^nft the fudden growth of wealth that is now preached up; the merit in receiving fole- 
 ly from the Nabob Jaffier Aly Khan, the eafy fortune then acquired, after the reprefcntations 
 made at that very time of the Adie of the treafury, I fhall not endeavour to detradl from, but 
 it will be fomething difficult to make people believe, that the fums given by this Nabob to the 
 gentlemen in the tnonth of April, with 26 lacks faid to be lying in his houfe at Calcutta, be- 
 lides the daily receipts after thePania, fo impovcriftied his treafury, and hurt the colleclions, that 
 fuch wreat balances are accumulated fince that time, of the money due for the army rtftitutlon 
 or donation ; and that to fupply the cafh under thefe difficulties, the honourable board Ihould 
 be obliged to recur to the affiftance of the feats for a Loan of Rs. 150,000 at intereft in the 
 month of Auguft ; whether the government is better adminiftered on the newlSyftem than before, 
 facts muft vouch. It no doubt refts with Lord Clive to explain his fentimeius regarding the eft- 
 ahliftiment of the. Committee fo foon after its being abolifhed at home, more parLicularly as his 
 fentimcnts were thought to coincide in the falutarinefs of that refolution, and have been com- 
 mented on m the remonftrance preferred to the Court of Diredors by certain proprietor;. How 
 conformable to thelintent of thofe powers has been the exertion and continuance of them, we (hall 
 leave every man to judge,, without acknowledging that the fate or fafety o( Bengal, in the leaft 
 depended thereon. That Lord Clive feconded the motion when it was laft made, for my rein- 
 Itatemcnt, I will readily allow, it his Jordfhip thinks, that by this concurrence, he conferred 
 an obligation, to which in honour «nd gratitude he was not bound to my friends, the more my 
 acknowlegements arc due. .However,! have fome rcafon to believe this might have been 
 
 brought
 
 APPENDIX, No. 67. 
 
 brought about, thounh Lord Clivc had never moved in the matter ; and that had it depended 
 folely on his Lordflii;)'s endeavours, it would never have been effected. In reply to hi;; Lotd- 
 fhip's laft paragraph in his minutes, I do maintiin, that I continued in the oifice of I'dlun 
 tranflator, arrd was employed in writing and tranflating the public Kticrb, to th:: day the expe- 
 dition embarked again(t the nabob ; that from the time Mr. ijcrafton commenced' the coir'e- 
 fpondence in cypher, and wrote to Mr. VVallh, that he might have asain the poll J held and 
 that politics and oower were his game, I never was cntiufted in any of the fjciet ncuncijiions 
 • then carrying on; that during that period, and long before the time when I wai urd-rc'd 10 
 return and do-my duty in the artillery, Mr. Lufliington, my allillant, was fworii in, as he toid 
 me, and was employed in the affairs then tranfacting^ v.heihcr Mr. Scralton kit cd' the r.fFairs 
 of the money or Mr. Watts with Mcer JafKcr Aly Cawn, is what I Hull not ..rguc about. 1 lut 
 he was acquainted with all thefe negotiations and articles, is what 1 fuppofc will not be'denied 
 by any wlio reads his letter, dated 3iit May, and that Irom Mr. VVatis ; whether the pref.-nts 
 for the Committee was fettled at th;it time, and before the aimy marched, 1 appealed in my 
 former minute to t-he gentlemen of the Committee themfelves to declare ; luch was thf ccinmon 
 opinion then prevalent ; and as the truth will be beft knov.'n to thofe who v.'ere concerned ani 
 bound to ftcrecy, 10 them I appealed I believe, hotvever, it will appear, from the lonful- 
 tations of the Seled Comniittet, that the 30 laaks, Itipubted tor OniicliunJ, was a 'reed to be 
 left out in thit treaty, by which Jaffier Aiy Cawn was to be told it was intended we fijjuld 
 abide. — How this fum v/as afterwards received from the Nabob, whether by virtue of his firft 
 ftipulation in behalf of Omichund, or of a fublcqucnt agreement, I fliall leave ic for thofc 
 better acquainted to fet forth ; the-Commiitee having taken no notice of it, that I can ciifcover 
 in the proceedings : and though they gave repeated cautions agaiiift makiinf any new demands 
 on the Nabob, befiJes thofe agreed to by his treaty ; that tbi:. fuiii was rtccived, and 27 laaks 
 divided among the Committee and oth rs, is what I liave heard ; how this was divided ;;nd 
 whether any more was received or divided, it refts with thof.; concerned to fay. 
 
 His Lordfhip is pleafed to aver, that the occafion of his ordering me to return to my flation 
 in the artillery, was a letter he received from Governor Drake, i^Jiirniing he had feena letter 
 from me to Mrs. Warwick, difclofing to Jier many of the traiilatiiions of my offi.e at a very 
 critical jundlure. Now 1 do aver, that 1 had been excluded from any Ihare in the ncooiiations 
 wherein fecrecy was required, long before 1 was oidered to my Ifation in the artillLTv anj I 
 fhould be extremely glad, that Governor J3rakc's letter v.as produced, that it mi^h't mpcar 
 where I had divulged any fecrets entruHed to me in my office : in repaid to this lett'cr of Go- 
 vernor Drake's, I think it was fhewn to me by Colonel Ciive, in the garden houfe of Mvdc^ 
 poor; when I no longer belonged to the office, I wrote fuch an anfwtr, as fo i;:ijul1: an accu- 
 fafion of Governor Drake's merited, which he may, ifhechoofes, produce; the tranfaction I 
 had difclofed, was, to the bcft of my recolledtion, no other than the public news in the Camp 
 while the army lay in fufpence, and meditated itaying the rains at Outwa, and for which it be- 
 hoved me to make provifion, as not havir.g been informed by CoIoirI Clue that 1 was to attend 
 the artilieiy, till the veiy morning 1 embarked ; 1 took the held entirely unprovided of every 
 thing nccefiary in fuch (ituation ; if 1 appeared fo little worthy of confidence on this account 
 it will fecm odd that I Ihould be rcqucltcd through Major Kilj'atnck, logo up with the de- 
 tachment fent in purfuitof Mr. Law, in the lame character which 1 declined, and was oidered 
 up in my proper ftation as the artillery officer; (fill more fo that it Ihould be reeommendeJ by 
 the Board for his lordfliip to treat with mc a lew months after to go as reiident to Cutcath for 
 fecret negotiations ; and furiher that the fame iiidifereet perfon fhould be approved by his lordfliip 
 to be difpatched, intruded with the conduttin^i the iRgotiations in the Duan, till the army 
 fhould arrive, the fucccfs of which might be of ia great confequence lo the expedition. 1 he 
 fhortncfs of my time here allows me not an opportunity of replying at large to the rcprefentations 
 Mr. Verelft has made in his memorial ; as many injurious, uiijull, and ungcnteel rcfJcC'i&ns 
 are there difperfed, I fliall remark upon a few ot them; rtlerving my felt to reply more ;it larjrc 
 hereafter. The method Mr. Verellt has taken to diininifh the balance due Irom the Raiah, if 
 there be any merit in it, he may boaft himlelf of it ; rupees 41,000 advanced out of the ejfh tor 
 Coolbundy, he transfers to the Company's credit, as a reiniitaiicc, and which, wlieihcr it be 
 a loan from the Company, or a balance due to them, is much the l.nne, favin.' that the Com- 
 pany, inftcad of the Kajah, will receive the interclt on the dudney as in 1703. This method 
 to incrcal'e the remittances in appearance, we did not take the advantage of in my lime ; t)ie fum 
 162:32 rupees, paid in from the 30th June to the 6th July, has, 1 believe, been molt part bcr- 
 rowed by the Raj.ih at intereft ; and very little of it arises from the coiledion of the provi.icc. 
 If the Rajah meant to rcfle<ft on my management as the cauJc ot the lolles and deficiencies I 
 fhall produce a thoufand teltimonies of his own, as well as the repeated approbation of the 
 Board, to refute this information ; and appeal to the collcttions and remiiianccs during my 
 time to fhew how far it falls upon inc. 'I'he balance of 1 6541 34, for 1169 and 11 70, will be 
 found to be a miftakcn, and not a jull Itaiement ; it is not incumbent uj)on mc to enter into de- 
 bate with Mr. Vereltt, as to the wifdom of the Board wlio adopted the method of |)utiing the 
 lands up to outcry before my time, and continued it fince. As to tlie peoj>le who were admitted 
 to purchafc in 1 169, none that were excepted to by the Rajah's officers, who weic lujipoltd to 
 know them, were admitted, and as the fame mentioned the charge of taking fccurity (roin them, 
 
 m it
 
 APPENDIX, No. ^7. 
 
 it muft reft with them, not me, to vouch for their charadlers and their circumftances. As to 
 the fettling the lands laft year, as it was done after I was difmifled the fervic^, it refts not with me 
 to anfvver for it ; if better could have been done, I prcfume it would not have been ommitted. It 
 is a pleafure to me to obferve, that the farm of Johnftonc, Hay, and Bolts, has had a great ad- 
 vance bid on it, at this outcry. It is 3 proof the Riots there have been proteded and not vexed ; 
 indeed feveral Bigas have been improved by new Riots that have fettled there. Thofe who have 
 taken thefe farms, if allowed for only half the lofs by overflowings this feafon, as we have 
 been this laft, will no doubt not be undeceived as to their expedtations ; we are ready to fatisfy 
 anv irentleman with a fight of our accounts, and leave them to declare, whether we have gained. 
 The reprcfentations made regarding the Bazce Zemun, feems dictated by the fame fpirit of 
 findintf fault, and to raife an opinion of Mr. Verelft's own fuperior difcernment and ability, 
 juftly or unjuftly, that feems out of the queftion. The levying nine annas is charged on 
 Mr. Johnftone, though the fentiment of the council at Burdwan, and the order of the board 
 at Calcutta, to whom it was referred, the confultation of the 4th of February, and the orders 
 repeatedly iiiued, touching the Bazee Zemun, and ftatements from time to time to the beard, 
 and the public regifters kept for all the funnuds, brought in, Sic. and thofe confirmed, will 
 evince how fair a rcprcfcntation has been here given in regard to this article. It is fur- 
 ther allcdwed, that it was agreed to receive two lacks Icfs than the Rajah had befcre fettled, 
 for the board have afligned reafons for agreeing to accept only 32 lacks in confultation iith Fe- 
 bruary. But I (hould be glad to know when, and with whom, fuch feitlement of 31 laaks was 
 made- for I am unacquainted with any, but that for the year Ii6q, which was executed for 
 •24. laaks at that time. In regard to what is faid about the Muttaluddies, and their keeping 
 us in i'THorance, I think I can know the fource from whence Mr. Verelft has imbibed his ideas 
 in this as well as in many other matters, on which he was determined fo pofitively i.n the in- 
 fight of a little more than a month's refidence. If the Muttafuddies be fo little to be depended 
 on one would think the leaving every thing at their difcretion, as muft now be the cafe, by 
 the recallino- the fatSory, both in refped to the colleftions and admini(tration of juftice, mull 
 be from his having found men of a better caft than has yet appeared in thefe diftritts; who are 
 meant by the Muttafuddies, I wilh to fee pointed out, for in my years it is a cant word without 
 any idea. I will venture to fay, I never followed their advice but (o far as it appeared on the 
 whole the beft, nor would acknowledge their fuperiority fo much, as to offer as an excufe for 
 any falutary regulations not taking place, that they oppofed it. The Karkoon, Gocul Mo- 
 zimdar and Ramoave Nague, did ufe all their endeavours when I went firft up, againft making 
 any outcry, and delivered in rtatements of the revenues of the province, by which they com- 
 puted there would be a laak deficient of the revenues colleded the year before by Mr. Graham. 
 In retrard to the remarks Mr. Verelft has made, touching the Rajah's not being acquainted 
 with the tranfadions and affairs of his country, and without the refpedt due to his office, I 
 cannot help admiring at it. The refpect due to Rajah, among his cwn people, I aver has 
 been ever properly kept up, and to his fatisfadtion, as 1 can teftify by numberlefs letters from 
 him and by fa£ts indifputable : he was confultcd in every point of confequence conformable 
 ■to the firft inftruflions and fubfequent orders I received from the board. The alterations that 
 took place on the appointment of a chief and council, were planned and prefcribed by the fame 
 authority, and which we did not think it our right and bufinefs to difcufs or difpute ; however, 
 1 will venture to contradidt Mr. Verelft, and to affirm, that he has never been kept in igno- 
 rance of any of his affairs ; for the public books, and officers of his cutchuries, have ever been 
 at his call to examine at will, and the monthly cafh accounts tree to his infpecStion ; the ftatc 
 of the treafury and colledtions being laid before him on the ligning of every invoice ; what in- 
 fluence Mr. Verelft means, other than that of a chief, I really am at a lofs to conceive, unlefs 
 he means the Rajah fhould be only under the influence of a v/riter or factor, and a member »f 
 the committee refiding in Calcutta. As Mr. Verelft has not fcrupled here to milVeprefent things, 
 the truth of which is known to many members then of the board, ftill in the fervice, who 
 were at the time prefent in Calcutta, and particularly General Carnac, who was at that time 
 here and acquainted with every circumftance that pafftd, I appeal to him, Mr. Cartier, 
 Mr. Watts, Mr. Marriott, and Mr. Graham, then fecretary to the board, how conformable 
 to truth is the information of that gentleman ; and to Mr. Vanfittart, then prcftdent j and to 
 Mr. Batfon, who at that time compofed the board ; as Mr. Graham, in particular, was then 
 deputed from the board with a meffage to the Rajah, to inform him, that if he had any grie- 
 vances to reprefent, that he Ihoeld lay them before the board through the channel of the chief; 
 1 beo- that oentleman, and General Carnac, may be defircd to declare what they know of this 
 matt'er • and I appeal to Mr. Vanfittart, to whom the Rajah addreffed himfelf, whether before 
 I returned, I did not wait upon him at the gardens, and require of him to demand of the 
 -Raiah, then prefent, to fet forth, face to face, any caufe or complaint he then had againft me. 
 The Prefident replied, that had he bad any, he would, without doubt, have committed it t» 
 paper and laid it before the board. That the Rajah's fervantswere fcized coming intoCalcutta, 
 •is more than ever I heard ; and if it were true, as I am perluaded it is not, the greater opening 
 did it afford the Rajah to have fet forth his complaints when encouraged thereto by the meffage 
 from the board ; the Rajah wanted not opportunity when my influence was at end by my dif- 
 
 mifliun
 
 A P P E N D r X, No. 67. 
 
 miflion laft year, had he caufe but to be fatisficd with my behaviour to him in every refped , 
 but of his thankfulnefs and dcpendance on me, as his benefador, I have fo many proofs to 
 fhevv, that I am perfuadcd nothing of this kind ever fairly could proceed from himfelf. The 
 merit of the Rajah's ready compliance to whatever Mr. Verelft afks of h:m, is, no doubt, very 
 great. Has he, or any black man in the country, now cither rcfolution or power left to difpute 
 any thing faid or done under fuch authority ? For to whom can he appeal after the repeated ex- 
 amples given them ? What have they now to cxpedt but guards and imprifonment to work them 
 to compliance to every thing dtfircd by the Committee. The latenefs of my receiving the 
 papers has prevented me from layino; this rcprcfcntation before the board ; I hope it will never- 
 thelefs be thought but jult it fhould be allowed to go home by this packet, that my reply, 10 
 far a« yet prepared, may be heard by the Honourable Court, at the fame time they read t.ie pro- 
 ceedings fent home againll me. 
 
 I am, with refpect. 
 
 My Lord and Gentlemen, 
 0<5t. ift, 1765. Your moll obedient fervsnt, 
 
 John Johnstons. 
 
 Fort William, the 7th Odlobcr 1765. 
 
 Tranllition of a Copy of a Letter from the Seats to Mr. Johnftone, after his Return 
 to C^ilcutta, May 1765. 
 
 At this happy time, the welcome news of your fafe arrival in Calcutta, which I was impa- 
 tiently expedting, gave me the greatell joy, and all manner of comfort. IVIay the Almighty 
 profper to all your well-wifliers the joy of your arrival ; and may he always keep you under his 
 fhadow, and preferve you, the Accomplifhcr of the wifhes of your dependants. 1 regard you 
 as my true benefador and niafter, and always hope for profpcrity through your favour. I re- 
 quelt that you will look upon mc as one united to the Company, and ever regard me with an 
 eye of fnendfhip till I have the happincfb to fee you ; which, if God willing, I Ihall fpeedily 
 obtain. Coiiltantly remember me with your friendly letters and commands. 
 
 A true tranflation. 
 
 GtoRGE Van Sittart, 
 
 Perfian Tranflator. 
 
 Tranflation of a Letter from Mahomed Reza Cawn, to Mr, Johnftone, in Calcutta, 
 May 1765. 
 
 Mizra Mahomed Cauzim, who is a man of underftanding, and a relation, and a faithful 
 friend of mine, 1 have fcnt along with his excellency ; he will have the happinefs of waiting 
 on you. I hope from your friendfhip, that whatfoever he reprefents to you concerning my 
 affairs, you will confider, and heartily favoui mc in, 
 
 A true tranflation. 
 
 George Van Sittart, 
 
 Perfian tranflator, 
 
 Tranflation of a Copy of a Letter from Mahomed Reza Cawn, to Mr. Johnftone, 
 after his Arrival in Calcutta, May 1765. 
 
 I have already had the honour of writing to you ; you muft have received my letter. On 
 the 17th ol Zccada, his excellency fet out for Calcutta. The ftate of affairs here I have 
 before written you. I hope from your friendlhip that you will inteiKft yourfelf in my behalf. 
 I have been railed by you and the gentlemen of council, and have no other protedor. 
 
 A true tranflation. 
 
 George Van Sittart, 
 
 Perfian Tranflator. 
 
 Tranflation of a Copy of a Letter from Rajah Mootyram, accompanying that from 
 Mahomed Reza Cawn. 
 
 From the time of my taking my leave of you, upon your departure for Cailcutta, I have at- 
 tended the Nabob Maen ul Dowlah Behadre, agreeably to your commands ; accordingly I 
 
 have 
 
 y>
 
 A\JP .PEN D I X, No. 67. 
 
 have lieen favoured with a Sur.nud for Hoogly, and orders have been iflued, for the confirma- 
 titiii ot the title of Rajah, which was bdtowed upon nie by Afuf jau Nizam ul Dowla BehadrCj 
 and a new feat lias been granted to me; my Najb is nrrived at Hoogly, and is put in polTef- 
 lion of the bufiiiefs ; but 1 have iwt .yet received a Kellaat, and taken my leave. The Nabab 
 •fold m;, I will get his excellency to honour you with a Kellaat, and give you your difmif- 
 .fion to day, cr comoirow ; in the interim, we received news of the arrival of the Nabob Sabut 
 .Jung Bahjtire, in Calcutta ; Jib excellency immediately determined to goto Calcutta. Mr. 
 Middlcton atlviftd hi;n an;ainll it, in the ftrongeft manner, and told liim it was not proper he 
 • ihould go without the i;eiiiknien ot council's pleafure ; but he would not lillen to him, he has 
 tfixed his departure on Tuelday. — The Nabob Maund ul J)owla wanted to accompany his excel- 
 lency, but his excellency has declined taking him, under pretence that if he was to go, the bufine£[ 
 of tl;c Nizamut would be interrupted ; 1 alfo, as I have not yet received my Kellaat, nor taken my 
 leave, attend upon the Nabub, wiio calling ine to him, faid to me, " I am writing to Iftacar 
 " ul Doula, do you alfo fend an Arzce to him, and rcprefeiit to thcai, that without any dcfiring 
 ;, the gentlemen favoured Bie and honoured me, with the p it of Naib." Now Ircmain 
 h^. , and h.s excellency is going to Calcutta, and all my enemies are with liim. I have no 
 pro.edior but Afticar ul Dowla, my honour depends upon him as he is in Calcutta ; it is a mat- 
 ter of indifFcrencc, whether I go or not; let him fhew me fuch favour that my enemies may 
 not find occ^jfion againft me ; it is he that has honoured me with the appointment to this 
 office, let hmi be kind enough to fupport ine in it; if I fliould be now difgrac d, I will put 
 an end to my 1 f e ; if permiffion is granted me, I will come for a couple of davs to Calcutta, 
 and be introduced by the gentlemen to Sabut Jung Bahadre, and then return with all fpeed to 
 Moorfliedabad, and employ myfelf with diligence in carrying on the bufinefs to which the gen- 
 ihmen of council have been kind enough to a|)point me. 'I'he Nabob has written you a letter 
 and waits your anfwer. — whatfoever you may be pleafed to order, he will z6\ accordingly. — He 
 wants to fend me to you, be pleafed to acquaint me with your pleafure on this fubjeiS — Mr. 
 Middleton alio will fet out from hence on Wednefday, and Co will Mr. Senior in two or three 
 days ; the friends of Nundcomar rejoice at Sabut Jung's arrival, and fay, that the Mharaja 
 will obt;:in a Kellaat, and return to Moorfliedabad in four or five days; his excellency's incli- 
 nation alfo IS not unknown to you. 1 am at your command, and will adt agreeably to what- 
 (bevcr.you may be pleafed to order. 
 
 A true Tranflation. 
 
 George Van Sittart, 
 
 Perfian Tranflator. 
 
 Tranflation of a Copy of a Letter from Mahomed Reza Cawn to Mr. Johnftone m 
 Calcutta, received May 1765. 
 His excellency, upon hearing of the arrival of the Nabob Sabut Jung Bahadre, has deter- 
 mined to go to Calcutta. The 15th of Zecada, at night, Mr. Middleton came to the Kella, 
 and rcprefented to his excellency in the ftrongeft terms, that he (hould not go to Calcutta 
 without the approb.^tion of the gentlemen of council; but it was all to no purpofe; his ex- 
 cel lenc\ himfi If goes there, and ] rtmain here : all the world knows that the gentlemen of 
 council appointed me to this bufiLcfs entirely of their own favour, without my defiring. — The 
 Prefervation of my honour depends upon the gentlemen ; on this fubjefl: 1 have written a 
 Letter to Mr. Spencer. I hope, that from your matchlefs friendfliip, that )ou wiU /hew mc 
 your favour in what.'bevtr maybe advifable. 
 
 P. S. Whereas his excellency is going to Calcutta ; all my enemies are with him, and 
 they will, doubtlefs, not be dilatory in doing me all the prejudice they can : I 
 have no protc£lor but you. Although when abfent you Jhew me your favour, 
 yet, as 1 am impatient to fee you, and it is very neceflary I fhould wait upon 
 1 the Nabob, Sabut Jung Behadre, it is my defire to leave a truft worthy man, 
 
 who is acquainted with bufmefs, to carry en the affairs here, and repair myfclf 
 immediately to Calcutta, to have the happinefs of waiting on the Niibob, Sabut 
 I ung Behadre, and then I will return hither ; I expedl your orders on this fubjeft, 
 and wait your anfwer with impatience. 
 
 P. S. Other matters you will be infprmed .of by the Letter of Rajah Mootyram. 
 
 A true Tranflation. 
 
 George Van Sittart. 
 
 Pcrflan Tranflator.
 
 THIRD 
 
 REPORT 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 SELECT COMMITTEE 
 
 APPOINTED BY THE 
 
 HOUSE OF COMMONS, 
 
 ASSEMBLED AT WESTMINSTER IN THE SIXTH SESSION OF THE THIRTEENTH PARLIA- 
 MENT OF GREAT BRITAIN, 
 
 TO ENQUIRE INTO THE 
 
 NATURE, STATE and CONDITION, 
 
 O F T H E 
 
 EASr-INDIA CO MP A NT, 
 
 AND OF THE 
 
 BRITISH AFFAIRS in the EAST-INDIES. 
 
 LONDON: 
 
 Sold by T. Evans, at No. 54, P.itcrnoftcr-Ro\v ; and W. Davis, the Corner of Sackvillc- 
 
 Strcft, Piccadilly.
 
 I
 
 -h 
 
 MHMUaAaBHiMMaiKaKs 
 
 THIRD 
 
 REPORT 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 SELECT COMMITTEE, &c, 
 
 The Committee appointed to enquire into the Nature, State, and Condition of 
 the Eaft-India Company, and of the Britilli Affairs in the Eaft-Indies, 
 
 HAVING ftated, in a fchedule in a former Report, a fum of five lacks of rupees rc~ 
 ceived by Lord Clive, from tlic Bcguin or mother of Nutljuni ul Dowlah, in the year 
 1766, and having engaged, in the lame Report, to complete and lay before the Houfe 
 their enquiries concerning that tranfaftion ; they proceeded accordingly ; and, confidcring 
 the nature of the fubjeft, they tliink the beft means to enable the Houfe to judge accurately 
 thereupon, will be to lay before them the whole of die evidence, as it fiands upon their pro- 
 ceedings. 
 
 The firft evidence your Committee have to lay before the Houfe, on this head, is that 
 of Francis Sykes, Efquirc, and General •Carnac, whole examinations were taken on a for- 
 mer occafion ; and are as follow ; 
 Francis Sykes, Elquire, 
 Was you prefent with Lord Clive and General Carnac, the 8tli of April 1766, at any 
 vifit paid to the mother of Nudjum ul Dowlah t 
 I was tiicre upon a vifit with Lord Clive : cannot recolleft whether General Carnac was 
 there or not — there was a third, perfon. 
 What paiTcd there ? 
 After the ufual compliments, the motlier prcfented to liis Lordfhip a teep, for the fum of^ 
 J think, five lacks of rupees, declaring at the fame time, that flie iiad refervcd it for his 
 Lordfliip's own ufc, by the particular rcqueft of Myr Jaflier before hisdeceaCe, and thatth« 
 .Nabob had intended to have prcfented it himlclf, in cafe he had finvivcd till his Lordfliip's 
 arrival. 
 
 Did you fpcak the language fufficicnt to undcrftand all that was iiiid ? 
 1 did, and was the perfon mylelf that interpreted; there was another perlbn , prefent who 
 undcrftood Englifli as well as Perfian, his name was Nobekiflen. 
 Arc you jicrfeft in the language of the country ? 
 I do not undcrftand the kinguage of the country perfeftLy. 
 
 When you tranfafted bufincfs of your own, did you generally ufc an interpreter, or 
 did you interpret for yourfelf ? 
 In all tranfaiStions with the Nabob and the government's officers, cither with refpeft to 
 •the Company or myfelf, I never made ufe of any interpreter. 
 When was the firft information you had of the legacy ? 
 I hearil it mentioned, but by whom 1 cannot tell, upon our arrival in the river ; it was 
 merely rumour. 
 
 Do you recollcft any perfon who told you fo ? 
 I do not. 
 
 When was the firft time you ever heard of the legacy from a man of credit? 
 J do not recoUcft to have had any converfation with any perfon about it. 
 
 Did you underlland, before you had waited on the mother, that you was to receive 
 thvs money t 
 I did not know the nature of the bufinefs on which wc waited upon the mother, but wait- 
 el on her as a mere matter of compliment. 
 
 ii Did
 
 'B 
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 Did Lord Olive rcfnfe it tt firft, when the mother offered it ?" 
 Ho (lid not. — Ac the vifit to the Begum, where I mentioned Lord dive's accepting the 
 tecp from her, or his Lordfliip's receiving it, he mentioned to me, or loon afterwards, his 
 intention to appropriate it to the inftitution of a military fund for relief of diftrelied otticcrs 
 and ;oldiers in the Eaft-India Company's fervice, which he afterwards fuitii.c !. 
 Your Committee then called General Carnac, whofe examination was as to ' ws : 
 
 Was you preient at the vilit with Lord Clive and Mr. Sykes, to the Begum, in. 
 April 1766 ? 
 I am pretty certain I was nci ; I do not rccolleft that I was ever with her. 
 
 Was you with Lord Clive, at the city, at that time ? 
 I went up with him. 
 
 When did you firft hear of the legacy which was left to Lord Clive by IMyr Jaffier ? 
 I was a great way up the country, and it was probably a confiderable time aftci. 
 
 Do you remember any man of credit in the country, who ever mentioned this le- 
 gacy to you ? 
 I do not particularly remember any pcrfons, but imagine many muft have mentioned it to 
 me ? 
 
 Your Committee then read the following papers, copies of which are hereunto annexed. 
 No. I, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, II. 
 
 A Letter from Lord Clive to Mr. Sunmer and council, 8th April 1766. 
 Minute on confultations, 14 April, 1766, with the opinion of the board, and letter in an- 
 fvver to Lord Clive. 
 
 Paragraph 108 and 109 of letter from the prcfident and council of Fort William, 28th 
 November 1766. 
 
 General confultations, 1 1 December 1766. 
 
 Do 28 January 1767. 
 
 Letter from Nudjum ul Dowlah to Lord Clive, received 9 June 1765. 
 Then Governor Johnftone produced to your Committee, a letter, flared to be an original 
 letter from the Nabob Nudjum ul Dowlsh to NunJcomar : two tranliations of which are 
 hereunto annexed, the one liberal, No. 12, tlic other literal, No. 13. 
 
 Then your Conjmittee examined Gorefliamdafs, v\ho was formerly moonflice, or Pei-fian 
 tranflator to Colonel Graham, r.nd l.is examinatit n was as follows : 
 
 Have you ever fcen the feal of the Nabob Nudjum ul Dowlah ? 
 I can't fay. 
 
 Do you know the hand-writing of Nundcomar ? 
 I think I do, and that the letter is endor cil by Nundcomar in the Perfian language, im- 
 , porting " The anfwer is written." 
 
 There are alio certain Perlic words, importins;, " Received the 3d of the Month of the 
 Zecr.r, in the 7th year," which I fuppoie to have been written by the Moonfliee of Nund- 
 comar. — There wzs 6 or 7 da)b between the date of the Iciter and 'he receipt. — My reafoa 
 for faying 6 or 7 is, becaufe there is a UifFerrnce in the number of days in months, accord- 
 ing to their computation. — The letter is marked with a ieal, containing the name of Nud- 
 jum ul Dowlah. 
 
 What is the fignature or mark at the bottom of .he letter? 
 There is a mark lignifying, " Stop here," which is the ufual way of finifhing a letter 
 among the great people of that country ; — that word is not written in the famt hand as the 
 
 Iciter. The words, " Stop here," are always wrote '-y the principal ; — the i-ody of the 
 
 letter by his Moonfliee. 
 
 Have you any reafon to believe that that mark v/as written by the Nabob Nudjum 
 ul Dowlah ? 
 Only this : the ufual cuftom of the country is, that when the letter is written by the Se- 
 cretary, the principal perfon puts this mark ; and if this leui. r is from N.idjum ul Dowlah I 
 I'uppolc that mark might be written by him. 
 
 Your Committee then called Captain Swinion, wliofe examination was as follows : 
 
 Arc you acquainted with the hand-writing of Nu.;dcomar ? 
 I have often feen the hand-writing of Nundcomar, but cannot from memory take upon 
 me to fay what is and what is not nis hand-writing. — On comparing his writing with any 
 other I believe I could form a Judgcrncnt. 
 
 When you was fecretary to General Carnac, had you any coriefpondence with Nud- 
 jum ul Dowlah ? 
 I have. — I have received letters from him. 
 
 Is the feal upon the cover now preltnted to you fimilar to thofc feals from the Nabob 
 which you received in the courfe of that corref|;oiidencc ? 
 Nudjum ul Dowlah's name is upon this leal. — I cannot poiitiv-iy fay, without having 
 another to compare, whether it is exaft y fimilar. 
 
 Do you believe it to be the teal of Nudjum u Dow'ah - 
 I cannot decide upon that. — 1 cannot form an opinion w Oiout comfar • g ir witTi others 
 of his feals, of which I have feveral. — At the lame time I muft on'erve, hat there is no- 
 thing more cafy than to counterfeit thofe feais., nnd that it i-, frei^uently praftilcd in that 
 country to put falfe letters, under the covers ot other people. 
 
 Are
 
 ( 5 ) 
 
 Are you acquainted with tlic hand-writing of Nudjum's Moonfhy ? 
 I am not. 
 
 Had the letters you received from Nudjiim ul Dowlah a mark at the conclufion, 
 fimilar to that upon the letter now prcfented to you ? 
 I rather think not. — I have Ibmetinics received letters from great per.'bns witli a fignaturc 
 at the bottom, but many more without any, as it is not an ui'ual thing but upon particular 
 occafions. 
 
 As you faid you received letters from the Nabob Nudjum «i Dowlah, did you ever 
 receive one with a mark ? 
 J have already faid that I rather think not. 
 
 If a pcrtbn was to write a letter and put the mark before explained, would it be con- 
 fidercd as a forgery? 
 If he copied the Nabob's own mark it would certainly be a forgery. 
 
 Is forgery a capital crime m India ? 
 I don't know the law on that fubjeft, but I never knew any one capitally punifhed for it. 
 Do you believe this letter, upon viewiug it wiih all its circumftances, to be a genuine 
 letter from the Nabob Nudjum u! DovvhTh to Nundcomar ? 
 I have fome doubts about it, but wi(h to confider ic more at leifurc before I give an opi- 
 nion. — I think it unlikely that the Nabob Ihould write to Nundcomar in the ftllc he does 
 concerning Nobekiffen, as giving him information, which I ihould fuppofe he was well ac- 
 quainted with before, Nobekiffen having been long in Nundcomar's lervice. 
 Was Nobekiflen made a Rajah ? 
 I have heard fo, and believe he was. 
 Mr. Goreihamdafs was again called, and afked. 
 
 What is the punifliment for forgery m India ? 
 The right hand to be cut off. 
 
 Do you know of any inftance of a hand being cut off for that offence? 
 No. — I have heard of fuch punillimc;it being infiifted for that crime. 
 Your Committee then read the following papers, copies of which are hereunto annexed. 
 No. 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, and 20. 
 
 The deed between Lord Clivc and the Company, with the regulations. 
 Muxadabad confultations, 17th December 1770: the Begam's letter of complaint againll 
 !Mahomed Reza Cawn. 
 
 Ditto 3d fanuary 177 1 ; anfwer to ditto. 
 
 Par. ^^. of Lord Clive's letter to the Committee of correfpondcncc, 28th Auguft 1767. 
 Letter from ditto to the Court of Direftors, i6th January 1768. 
 The opinion of Sir Fletcher Norton, relating to the legacy from the Begam. 
 Par. 136 and 137 of letter from the Court of Direftor's to Bengal, dated 16th March 
 1768. 
 
 State of military fund. 
 
 Captain Swinton having had the letter produced by Governor Johnflone, fome days in his 
 pofleiiion, in order to compare it with others in the poffclhon of Lord Clive and General 
 Carnac, and being again examined with regard to the laid letter from the Nabob Nudjum 
 ul Dowlah to Nundcomar, was afked. 
 
 Have you examined the letter in Perfia delivered to you, with other Periian letters 
 from Nudjjai ul Dowlah, faid to have been in your polTcffiun ? 
 I have compared it with four letters from Nudjum ul Dowlah — Two of which I find are 
 fealed with his fatlier's title of Suja al Moolck, which was cwoterred upon him by the King, 
 alter his father's death — the Other two with feals cxaftly funllar to tiiat delivered to me by 
 the Conunittee : All theie letters are to General Carnac — I have not been able to find any 
 to myfelf from Nudium nl Dowlah — I have examined 50 letters received by Lord Clive in 
 <fe? lourfe of a month trom the King, Sujah Dowluh, Mynyr o Dowlah, Syffa Dowlah, 
 Mahamed Reza Cawn, and others. — I found only three of thefe that had any fignature to 
 them, viz. one from tU'^ King with a mark called By/e — One from Syffa Dowlaii, marked 
 Vuli'alaam, whici meai s " Farewell " — according to Mciualki, it alfo means ne plus ultra-^ 
 and one from Sujah ul Dowlah, with the mark of El Hawk, which means Stop. 
 
 A ler h^'ving had time to examine the letter delivered to yon, and comparing it with 
 others, do you bciicve it to be an original letter from Nudjam ul Dowlah to Nund- 
 comar ? 
 I bc'.ievc the cover lo be fealed with one" of Nudjjm ul Dowlali's feals — the writing of the 
 lindy of the Icf.er is very fimi'ar to ;ome of thole others now produced tnun him, as is like- 
 wile the mark ac the end. — Of the 50 letters which 1 examined, 6 of them were dated en the 
 oufiile ot th ■over; the date of the receipt was written in Englifli on all of them, and in 
 i'erfian on 21 of them — none of them were dated in the letter itfelf — 6 of them were not 
 addrcffrd, perliaj's owing to their having been lent in I ags, and 4 of them hail no cover. — 
 All iiio.c from Nudjum ul Dowlah (tliat I have found) to General Carnac, arc dated and 
 liTfiLd with the above-mentioned mark of E! Hawk — iherc were none from him in the 50. — 
 In another l)i ndle I found Icvcr.i' iioin Si.lfal Dowlah to Lord Clive, all or mod of which 
 were marked with the word Verffalaam, and dated — in the fame i>undle there was one frnm 
 Syfa al Dowlah toGeneral Carnac, figncd with the fame mark as Nudjum ul Dowlah's letter-. 
 
 Will.
 
 ( 6 ) 
 
 With refpeft to the two tranflatlons, the reading of the Pcrilc isa matter of difiiculty with 
 me ; I therefore only attended to the particular parngraph, whicli, on the Moonfhec's read- 
 ing the letter, ftruck me at the laft meeting to be lomewhat different from his tranflatlon, and 
 my opinion was confirmed by the tianllation afterwards produced. — I have now examined 
 that paragraph more particularly, and given what I think a literal tranllationof it — as to the 
 reft of the letter, I don't find any material difference between the original and the iranlla- 
 tion : the paragraph referred to is literally, in my opinion, as followeth ; " At hifl, accor- 
 " ding to difpoiltions (or arrangements) a note ot five laak of rupees, under the fcal of the 
 " Begum, was given, which, with the utmoft difficulty and pains they took." In the tranf- 
 lation by Gorelhamdafs, the fame paragraph is tranllated as follows : " At lafl they took a 
 " note of 5 lack of rupees in jewels, gold mohurs, and rupees, under the feal of the fald 
 " Begum, which, after many protefls, was given to them, and they received it after many 
 " excufes." 
 
 Is the mark at the end of the letter, produced by Governor Johnftone, peculiar to tlie 
 Nabob Nudjum ul Dowlah, or is it uled by other people ? 
 I thought it was peculiar to him till 1 examined fome letters, from whence I found, that 
 it was uled by others, as above-mentioned. 
 
 Three papers ftatcd to be the original certificates, of which copies were read before, were 
 produced by Mr. Strachey ; and likewife atteftcd tranflations of the fame. 
 Your Committee then examiued Henry Strachey, Efquire, as follows: 
 
 Was it ufual for Lord Ciive to deliver otlier originals to you, of which the tranfla- 
 tions were left in the office ? 
 Lord Clive's moonfliy has frequently delivered to my care, Perlicletter^, after the tranf- 
 lations had been entered on the public books. 
 
 Were tiiofe letters refpcfling the bufinefs of the Company ? 
 I could not read the Perfian language, nor to my memory did 1 ever read a tranflation of 
 any of them. 
 
 What knowledge have you of the tranflates being entered on the Company's books ? 
 No other than that it was cuftomary, and that it is the ofizce of the Perfian tranflator fo 
 to do. 
 
 Do you believe that the letters in general were delivered to you ? 
 I bsiicve they might have been, but I cannot anf'wer for the accuracy of bufinefs in a 
 Perfian tranflator. 
 
 Do you think that, except from the inaccuracy of the Perfian tranflator, they were 
 . all delivered to you ? 
 Perhaps they were. 
 
 Memorandum. [Mr. Strachey, added the following, about an hour after his evidence 
 was-given, but before the Committee adjourned. 
 
 But I recolleft that many of the letters of the country correfpondence were ftolen at 
 Chuprah. 
 
 RJcmorandum. On book of country correfpondence 1765, read as follows, vl?,. The a- 
 bove ,58 letters are all the country correfpondence which ever came to my f.ands, befiJes 
 thofc beginning May 5th. A. No. i. and proceeding regularly till Dcccmlicr 1766. — The 
 remaining Letters and anfwers to them were, to the befl of my knowledge-, loft at Chuprah, 
 by a robbery, there committed upon the munfliies, in whofe cuftody they then were. 
 
 December 16, 1766. Roi;. Maddison, Perfian Tranflator. 
 
 Where was Lord Clive when the Nabob, the Bcgam, and Nundcomar gave him thefe 
 certificates ? 
 
 I can't tell — I fuppofe at Muxadabad. — I don't recoiled: when or where they were deli- 
 vered to me, but they were all delivered at the fame time. 
 
 \Vere they delivered to be kejitas evidence of Lord Clive's title to the 5 laaks. 
 They were delivered to me to take care of. — I do not recolleft that any particular pur- 
 nole was mentioned. — I knew at the time that they wi.re certificates relative to the five 
 laaks. 
 
 VViio informed you fo ? 
 
 1 don't reiolleft whether I was informed fo by Lord Clive, or the Perfian tranflator. 
 Gorefliamdafs being again examined, was afked the following queilions : 
 Was the mother of Nudjum ul Dowlah ever married to Myr Jaffier ? 
 I believe not. 
 
 Was.it fo undcrftood in general ? 
 Yes. 
 
 If a man is married in that country, and leaves a wife and children, to whom does 
 his property go at his dcceafe ? 
 To his lawful wife.; and after her death to the children ; the fons taking certain propor- 
 tions, and tlie daughters inferior ones ; but fons and dauguters equally an ongft themfelves. 
 When they have neith.cr wife, nor children, they may give their property by will ; in the 
 contrary cafe they cannot. 
 
 Do you mean Gcntoos or Mahometans ? 
 In the cale of Mahometans, the above rule prevails — in the cafe of Gentoos, it goes only 
 to the fons : neither can a man leave his cftcdts from a brother, or fiftcr, or other lawful heir. 
 
 Does
 
 ( 7 ) 
 
 Does this nile hold good with the Nabobs ? 
 I believe it docs, but it depends on their power. 
 Henry Straciiey, Efquire, was then aikcd, 
 
 Were thcl'e tranllations the firll that were made ? 
 I believe not. 
 
 Your Committee then again called Captain Svvinton, who was afked the following quef- 
 tions. 
 
 On comparing the mark of the certificate from the Nabob with the mark to the let- 
 ter produced by Governor Johnftonc, do you think that both marks are written by the 
 lame hand ? 
 I do not think they were, neither do I think it like the marks to the letters. 
 
 As the marks are not made by the fame perfon, do you think either of them were 
 made by the Nabob ? 
 As I never law the Nabob write, I cannot fay whether either of thefe or any of the others 
 were aftually his own hand writing. 
 
 What is tlie Icroll at the top of the Nabob's certificate ? 
 It feems to be Munzurcft, but it is very ill wrote : — It fignifies in Englifli, " it is ac- 
 knowledged or agreed to." 
 
 Do you fuppofe that was written by a Moondiy, or by the Nabob ? 
 It does not fecm to liave been written by a Moonfliy, whofe profeflion is writing, becaufe 
 it is fo very ill wrote. 
 
 Does the certificate appear to you as authentically the Nabob's as any other letter 
 you have ever feen of his ? 
 It is fealed with one of the feals ufed by the Nabob, with the title of Sujah ul Moolk ; 
 but it is impoflible for me to declare any of ihofe Pcrfic papers to be aftually the deed of the 
 Nabob. 
 
 Do you think tliat the writing of any of the letters now compared is fimilar to the 
 Writing of the certificate ? 
 I cannot decide pofitivcly, 1 rather think them to be different. 
 
 How many Moonfliys had the Nabob ? 
 Several. 
 Gorelhamdafs being again examined, was afked the following queftions. 
 
 Is the mark at the bottom of tlie letter, produced l)y Mr. Johnllone, like the mark 
 at the bottom of the Nabob's certificate ? 
 No, — they are very different, and fo is the writing from all the letters I have feen here. 
 
 What is the fcroU at the fide of the Nabob's certificate ? 
 It is Munziiras, and means " it is granted," but it is written I believe juft as a perfon 
 writes at the time of his death, and is noi able to write properly ; or a perfon tremlMing arid 
 going into fits, and cannot hold the pen jiropcrly ; or like a boy of 4 or 5 years of age, who 
 does not know how to write; — it is written with a bioken pen, that was mended for every 
 ftroke. 
 
 Do you think it is the hand-writing of the Nabob Nudjum ul Dowlah ? 
 By thofe marks I have feen on Mr. Swinton's letters, and the letter produced by Gover- 
 nor Johnftone, it appears quite diftlrent ; — there is no fimilitudc at all. 
 
 Is it not poffibic that the mark to the certificate may be the Nabob's own writing, 
 and the mnrks to the letters put by the Moonfliccs ? 
 It is not ufual for the Moonfliy to write both the letter and the mark, that being always 
 put by the principal perfon. 
 
 Are the fcrol! at the fide, and the mark at the end, written by the fame hand ? 
 I fuppofe he niufl; have made another pen, if they were written by the fame perfon. 
 Arc the certificates of Meny Begum and the Nabob wrote by the fame pcrlon t 
 I believe they are. 
 
 Captain Swinton being afked the fame queftion, faid, 
 I think them extremely ditferent. 
 
 Your Committee then examined the Right honourable Lord Ciivc, who delivered in a 
 paper in the foUoiving words, and alfo the dcpofition of Mr. Simeon Droz, copy of which 
 is hereunto annexed, No. 21. 
 
 " A few days after my arrival at Calcutta, in May 1765, the Nabob Nudjum ul Dowla 
 " came down from Muxadabad to vifit iiic ; that every day, or the day after, we loJe out 
 *' together in an open chaifc ; and Nobekilfen, who fpoke Englifli, and was the interpreter, 
 " rode behind. — The Nabob rook that opportunity to inform me that his father had left me 
 " 5 lack of rupees, which he faid were in Jewels, Gold, Moliurs, and Silver, and that the 
 *' whole was in the hands of his mother the Begum, who would pay it whenever 1 pleafeJ. 
 " I mentioned this circuiuftanee to fcvcral gentlemen very foon after, particularly to Mr. 
 " Stiachey and Mr. Vcrclft. At that time I refoived in my own mind not to acccjjt the 
 " legacy ; but afterwards, when, in obeilience to the company's commands, we had ordered 
 " the doulile batta of the army to be ftruck off, it occurred to me, that that legacy might 
 " be converted into a military fund for the benefit of invalid officers and foldicis, anil 
 " widows: — upon that principal I demanded payment of the legacy in Ajiril 1766. At fiift 
 " I thoii<jht of confining this fund to the benefit of the arinv in Bcn"al onlv, but v.ifliin;; 
 
 C " to
 
 ( 8 ) 
 
 <' to have it extended to all the Company's other tttlements, and thinking the 5 lack in- 
 *' fuflicicnt, I applied to the Nabob Syf ul Dowiah to add 3 lacks more, to which he rea- 
 <' dilv conl'cnted, upon my explaining to him the purpofe to which the money was to be 
 " applied." 
 
 At what time did your Lordfliip. receive the Pcrfian certificates produced by Mr. 
 Strachcy ? 
 I cannot be certain, but I think in the Month of April 1766. 
 
 Did you receive them all at the lame time ? 
 I imagine fo, but don't know : I imagine it muft have been at Muxadabad that I recei- 
 ved them. 
 
 Were the certificates taken by your direftion ? 
 As I learnt by word of mouth from the Nabob Nudjum ul Dowiah, that fuch a legacy- 
 had been left me by his father, I defired a particular account of the manner in which that 
 legacy was left me might be given in writing by thofe pcr'bns who were prefent upon the 
 occafion : I cannot recoUeft who I employed on this occafion, but in all probability it was 
 Nobekiflen. 
 
 Who wrote the Englifli words on the certificates ? 
 I don't know. 
 
 Henry Strachey, Efq; being alked the fame queftion, faid, 
 I believe them to be in Mr. Maddifon's hand-writina:. 
 Lord Clive being again examined, was aiked. 
 
 Had your Lordfhip any tranflation made at the time ? 
 I can't recolleft. 
 
 Wl-.y did not you lay the tranflations before the board till January 1767 ? 
 Becaufe 1 did not thmk it necsflary, until I had formed a plan for the difpoiition of the 
 money in a military fund. 
 
 Is it cuftomary in Indoftan to grant certificates, without dates of the time of their 
 being granted ? 
 I believe it is very cuftomary to write letters, and* of courfe certificates, without dates. 
 
 In letters is not the date generally marked on the outfide of the cover ? 
 I am not acquainted with the Perfic language, and do not know whether they are or not. 
 When the Nabob acquainted you of the legacy which his father had left you in 
 1765, when in the chail'e as above ftated, did you tell him that you was relblved not 
 to accept it ? 
 I did not give him any pofitive anfwer; but imagine that I rather feemed to decline it. 
 
 Was the affidavit of Mr. Droz taken at your delire ? 
 Yes. 
 
 What were the foundations of your Icruplca againft receiving the legacy in the 
 firft inftance ? 
 Becaufe I had promifed to the Court of Direftors and Proprietors, that I would not bene- 
 fit myfelf, direftly or indirectly, in the value of one fliilling by my government in India. 
 Did vou ever hear of a perlbn making a will in tiiat country ? 
 I have heard from other Englifli gentlemen, that they do make wills in that country. 
 
 Did you ever fee a certificate in India without a date? 
 I do not recolleft ever to have feen any others than thefe. 
 Mr. Gorelhamdals being again examined, was alked, 
 
 Do you know what is meant by a will ? 
 Yes — I mean a difpolal of things according to a perfon's own choice, to take place after 
 the death of the perlbn making that difpofal. 
 
 Do you know any inftance of a will fo made ? 
 Yes — my uncle on my mother's fide, before the time of his death, but when he was in 
 his right fenlls, made a will to difpofe of every thing to my mother after the time of his 
 death. 
 
 Then Lord Clive was aiked the following queftion : 
 
 Was the covenant, making the legacy of five lacks of rupees, a collateral fecurity 
 for the payment of your Jaghire, in cafe you Ihould be evifted of that Jaghirc of no 
 value ? 
 It will be time enough to anfwer that queftion when the money is received, and dif- 
 pofed of by me. 
 
 Your Committee then examined William Bolts, Efq; who was alked the following 
 queftion : 
 
 What is the letter in your hand ? 
 It is a letter which I received from Nudjum ul Dowiah, in February 1765. I waited on 
 the Nabob with the letter, and he avowed it to be his. 
 
 Mr. Gorelhamdals being Ihewed the letter produced by Mr. Johnftone, and that produced 
 by Mr. Bolts, was alked. 
 
 Are the marks at the bottom of them the fame ? 
 Yes. 
 
 Did you ever know any certificate without a date ? 
 I never law any one certificate without a date, but the three produced by Mr. Strachey ; 
 
 nfiT
 
 ( 9 ) 
 
 nor without the fcal of the C:i7ce, and tlie atteftatlon of two witnefles. In places wliere 
 there is no Cazec, there is an alTcmbly of people, and they tcllify. 
 Did you ever lee any other certificates ? 
 Yes. 
 
 What fort of papers are thofe attcfted with the Cazce's feal, and two witnefles ? 
 Certificates, wills and bonds, and grants, and of the fort of certificates now produced. 
 
 Did you ever fee any certificate of that fort ? 
 I have feen certificates of that nature, but not without fignaturcs of witncffcs, fcals, and 
 daces. 
 
 Did you ever fee any certificates from Nabobs ? 
 No. 
 
 Did you ever hear of Mahometans making wills ? 
 
 Did you ever know of a verbal will, with regard to money, being made, and carried 
 into execution ? 
 I never heard of one being made. 
 
 Twenty certificates under the Cazee's fcal, of the prices of goods at different 
 places, were produced and proved by Mr. Swinton, Gorelhaiiidais, and 
 Mr. Bolts, to be dated' anJ witnelfcd. 
 Then William Bolts, Elquire, was again examined. 
 
 Did you ever know a certificate in Bengal, that was not dated ? 
 I never did, and according to the cuftoms of Indollan fliouki have deemed fuch a declara- 
 tioa invalid. 
 
 Have you any certificates under the hand of the Nabob ? 
 Yes — I have pcrwannahs under the hand of the Nabob, Sujah ill Dowlah, which are 
 figned, lealed, and dated — a receipt from the King, which is dated and feal el — a bond from 
 Sujah Dowlah, which is dated and feaied — pevwannalis under the hands of Mr. Verelfl and 
 Mr. Carrier, which are date<l, figned, and feaied, and various duftucks and pafles, which 
 are all figned, felled, and tlated ; which I now produce. 
 
 The papers being produced, the feals and dates were confirmed by Mr. Swinton and 
 Gorefliamdais. 
 
 And Mr. Bolts being further examined, was afked. 
 
 What is the purport of thefe pcrwannahs from Sujah Dowlah, now produced ? 
 They relate to the trade in fait petre. — The bond from Sujah Dowlah is for money and 
 goods, which I furnilhed him in his diftrefs — the receipt from the King is from him to 
 Mr. Rafael, for duties pa'd at Illahabad. 
 Then (jorelhamdaf's was afked. 
 
 Do you think Nundcomar would come to England ? 
 Without force he cna't come, becaufe it is contrary to the laws of his religion, he being 
 a Bramin — it is contrary to the religion of the Hindoos to come to England — the conse- 
 quence would be lofing their caft ; but by paying money and doing penance at their return, 
 they would regain it. — 1 am a Hindoo. 
 
 Is a Hindoo ileemed infamous by quitting his country ? 
 It is contrary to the law, but he recovers himlelf !)y penalty and penance. 
 
 Did you ever know any inftance of Hindoos, who loft their caft by going upon the 
 fea, who afterwards regained it ? 
 I never heard of a Hindoo going upon the fea out of my country, but from the coaft of 
 Malabar they go very frequcnily, and are not afTjdled by it. 
 Do they i;o long voyages ? 
 I don't know, ijut they go upon the fea. 
 
 Does any but the failor caft go!* 
 Yes — fomc others — I don't know what, for I never was in that country. 
 Then Henry Straciiey, Efquirc produced to your Committee an original certificate or de- 
 claration feaied by Sujah Dowlah, in the fame manner as the certii'.cates relating to the Na- 
 bob's legacy to Lord Clivc, and the fcal proved by General Carnac. 
 
 It having been obferved, that Mr. Dioz's certiticate is not figned by him, Mr. Strachcv 
 produced the original letter from Mr. Droz to Lord C'li\c, in whicli the faid certificate can;c 
 incloied to Lord Clive, a copy of which is hereunto annexed. No. 22. 
 And Governor Johnfon being examined, was afked the following queftion. 
 
 How came you by the letter from Nudjam ul Dowlah to Nundcomar, produced by 
 you ? 
 The letter was delivered to me by a gentleman v.'ho was in Bengal at the time thofe 
 tranfaftiens happened, and he told nic he received it frtim Nundcomar himfclf, foon after it 
 was wrote, and he fhewed me, at the fame time, a tranllation of the letter by Mr. George 
 Vanfittart, whofc hand-writing I know, and permitted me to take a copy of that tranlla- 
 tion, whicli is the liberal translation 1 produced to the Committee ; but the gentleman, 
 unwilling to involve hiinfelf in any difputcs, took my promile that his name Ihou'd not be 
 mentioned to the Committee, whiih 1 before related on producing the letter. — The reafon 
 why he would not give me the original tranllation was, becaufe it was cndorl'ed bv fomc 
 perfcnj, whofc hand-writing might lie known. — ^The letter muft ftand upon the evidence 
 
 that
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. I, 1. 
 
 that is produced to authenticate it as an original, — I readily delivered it, in the prefence of 
 the Committee, to Mr. Svvinton, General Carnac's Perfian tranilator, to compare it with 
 all the correfpondence of Nudjum ul Dowlali with Lord Clive, General Carnac, and him- 
 felf ; and alio to compare the indorfement, by Nundcomar, with his correfpondence. — The 
 evidence of Mr. Swmton, after having had it two days in his pofleflion and compared it, 
 will fliew what reliance may be had on it as an original. 
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 No. I. 
 
 Fort JVtlliam General ConfultaUons, \i^h April, 1766. 
 
 LETTER from the Right Honourable Lord Clive, dated the 8th inflant, atMootejil, 
 read, fignifying to us his intention of appropriating a legacy of five lacks of rupees, 
 bequeathed to him by the late Nabob Meer Jatlier, as a fund for the relief of the of- 
 ficers and private men who have become invalids in the honourable Company's fervice, and 
 the widows of fuch as may have loft their lives in it, unlefs the Company fliould think pro- 
 per to claim, and be able to prove, a right to tlie fame under the new covenants ; and that 
 he intends the governor and council of Fort William to be perpetual truftees for the appro- 
 priation of this fund in India, and the Court of Direflors in England. 
 
 The board are urianimoully of opinion, That the receipt of the legacy bequeathed by 
 !Meer JafFicr to Lord Clive, is no ways prohibited by the new covenants ; and cannot here 
 help cxprelliiig the lively fenfe we have of this generous and well placed donation to fuccour 
 dilirefs, which has fo long called for relief. Agreed to return an anfwer to his Lordfhip ac- 
 cordingly, and at the fame time to acquaint him, that we fliall chearfully accept the honour 
 he intends us, in appointing us truftees for tlie appropriation of this fund in India. 
 
 Ordered, I'hat Lord Clive's letters on this occalion, with the anfwer be entered after 
 thele minutes. 
 
 No. 2. 
 
 Fart William General Ccnfultatiens, \^th April, 1766. 
 To William Brightwell Sumner, Efquire, &c. Gentlemen of Council at Fort WiUiam. 
 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 IHave the honour to inform you, that upon a fuppofition, that the receipt of a legacy 
 was not intended to be prohibited by the new covenants, I have received from the Begum, 
 wife of the late Nabob, Meer JafFier, an oljligation for the fum of five lacks of rupees, 
 which was bequeathed to me by his Excellency a few hours before his death, m the prefence 
 of many witnelles, whofe attcftation Iha'l, as loon as poffible, be laid before tlie board. 
 When this obligation is difchargcd, I ihall immediately pay the amount into the Company's 
 Trcafury at Calcutta. The intcreft ariling therefrom I propole ihall be annually diftributcd 
 in fuch Prci)ortions as I cftablilii, among a certain number of officers, non-commilllon ofli- 
 ters, and private men, who are dilqualihed from further fervice, bv wounds, length offer- 
 vice, or difeafes contrafted in the fervice of the Company, and whofe fortunes may be too 
 fcanty to afford the former a genteel, the latter a coiritortable fubliftence in their native 
 country. I intend further, that the widows of all fuch officers and foldiers as fliall have 
 been entitled to tiiis bounty, or whofe hulbands fliall have loft their lives in the fervice, 
 fhall receive a certain proportion of the (iiine during their widowhoods. The governor and 
 council of Fort WiUiam will be perpetual truftees for the appropriation of this fund in In- 
 dia, and tiie court of diredlors in England. On my return to the preiidency, or fooner, if 
 .buli:ie'.s wil permit, I Ihall have liit- honour to lav before you fucli regulations as I may 
 
 think
 
 A P "P E N D I X, No. 3, 4. 
 
 think beft adapted to the fulfilling my purpofes above-mentioned ; and on my arrival in 
 England the lame fhall be confirmed, with a proper inftrumcnt or deed of gift of the princi- 
 pal and interefl of the laid five lacks of rupees for ever, arreeable to the due forms of law, 
 unlefs the Company fhould think proper to claim, and be able to prove, a right to the fame 
 under the new covenants. 
 
 1 have the honour to be, with the greateft refpcft. Gentlemen, 
 Mootejyl, Your mod obedient and moft humble fervant, 
 
 8th April, 1766. CLIVE. 
 
 To the Right Honourable Robert Lord Clive, kc. 
 
 My Lord, 
 
 We have received your favour of the 8th inftant, exprefling your intention of appropria- 
 ting the legacy of five lacks of rupees, becjueathed to your Lordfhip by the late Nabob, 
 Meer Jaffier, as a fund for the relief of the officers and private men, who arc become inva- 
 lids in the honourable Company's fervice, and the widows of I'uch as may have loft their 
 lives in it. We are unaninioully of opinion, that the receipt of this legacy is no way pro- 
 hibited by the new covenants, and cannot help exprefiing the lively fenfe we have of this 
 generous and well-placed donation to mitigate diftrel's, which has fo long looked for relief. — 
 So noble an example of beneficence cannot fail to infure the applaule and approbation ot 
 every one ; and we ihall chcarfally accept the honour intended us by your Lordfhip, in ap- 
 pointing us truftees for the appropriation of this fund in India. 
 
 We have the honour to be, my Lord, 
 
 Your Lordfliip's moft obedient humble fervants. 
 
 No. 3. 
 
 ExtraS} of the G>:ncral Letter from Bengal, dated the zSlh Novemb-.r, i 766. 
 
 108. T O R D Clive, in a letter to the board from Mootaghel, dated the 8th April laft, 
 I informed us of his intention to appropriate a legacy of five lacks of injpecs, bc- 
 •• — ' queathed to him by the Nabob, Meer Jaflier, as a fund for the relief of the of- 
 ficers and private men who have, or may, become invalids in the Company's fervice, and 
 the widows of fuch as may lofe their lives in it, unlefs the Company lliould think proper 
 to claim, and prove a right to the fame, by tlic new covenants. His Lorilihip alio purpo- 
 led. That the prefident and council of Fort William ihould be perpetual truftees for the 
 appropriation of this fund in India, and the court of dircflort in England. 
 
 109. As we do not conceive fuch a legacy to he prohibited by the covenants, we ac- 
 quainted his Lordfliip, in aniwer. That we Ihould cliearfully accept the honour he intended 
 us, in afting as truftees on this occafion ; and as the regulations finally eftabliflilng this no- 
 ble inftitution muft reft entirely with his Lordfhip, wc have nothing further to obferve, 
 than that Lord Clive, by fo generous an inftance of his difintercftednefs, and zealous att.ich- 
 mcnt to the honour and welfare of the Company, has enfured to your forces the only ad- 
 vantage wherein they have hitherto been inferior to any in the known world, and thereby 
 enfured to you a fucccffion of the bravcft and moft honourable of men and officers. 
 
 No. 4. 
 
 Fort WiUiam General Confiiltathn, nth December, 1766. 
 
 THE prefident lays before the board, as entered hereafter, a letter from the Naboli 
 Syf-a-]^owlah to Lord Clive, purporting. That laft year his late brother paid the lum 
 of fix lacks of rupees into the Company's cafli, upon bond ; that three lacks have 
 fince been paid to him at Moorlhcdabad, and the balance of three lackt, whicli rcm.iin, he 
 defiles may be added to the fund, cftablifhed by Lord Clive, for the maintenance and fuppoit 
 of the invalid military in the Company's fervice, and the families of fuch as may loli? their 
 lives in it. 
 
 Ordered, That nn intcrcft note be granted for the faid money, in the name of Lord Clive, 
 in order that his Lordfhip may appropriate the fame to the purpofe dtfircd ; and the prefi- 
 dent is rcqutftcd to return our thanks to I'.ie Nnbcb, for fo liandlbmely contributing lu this 
 charitable inft'tution. 
 
 D Nc
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 5, 6, 7- 
 No. 5. 
 
 Fort TVilliam General Confultatton, nth December 1766. 
 
 From the Nabob, Syfe ul Dowlah, to the Right Honourable Lord Clivc. — Received 21ft 
 
 Oflober, 1766. 
 
 SOME lime ago my deccafed brother, the Nabob Najim ul Dowlah, paid to your Ex- 
 cellency the fum of five lacks ot rupees, agreeable 10 the commands of our late father, 
 Meer Mahomed Jaffier Ciuvn ; and we hear you have fettled that fum for the foldiers, 
 &c. — Laft year my late brother paid in fix lacks of rupees into the Company's cafh, upon 
 bond ; of tiiis money three lacks have been paid to me at Moorfliedabad, and the balance of 
 three lacks, wliich remains, I give as a fund to be difpofed of in the fame manner as the 
 former five lacks, and requeft your Excellency to fettle it after the fame manner. 
 
 A true Tranllation. Robert Maddison — Pcrlian Tranflator. 
 
 No. 6. 
 
 Fert PFillidm Genera/ Coufultations, 2%th January, 1767. 
 
 IN my letter of the 18th of April laft, I informed you of a legacy of five lacks of rupee's 
 left to me by the Nabob, Meer Jaffier, and of the purpofe to which I determined it 
 ihould be applied ; I now beg leave to lay before you the feve ral papers which prove in- 
 conteftibly my title to this legacy; viz. attefted copies and tranllations of Nizama Dow- 
 lah's, the Lady Bejum's, and Nundcomar's acknow'edgements. 
 
 The prelcnt Nabob being made acquainted with the fund I had eftablifhed, and the great 
 encouragement it would be to the officers and foldiers to fight in his, as well as the Compa- 
 ny's caufe, generouily added a prefent of three lacks of rupees, as will appear by his letter 
 upon that fuhjeft, which has already been laid before you. All the bonds are drawn out in 
 my name, but I acknowledge that they are not my property. I make no doubt hut the 
 Company will approve of the donation, and that upon my arrival in England, the Court of 
 Direftors will accept of my appointing them truftees for the fund. Inclofed is a fketch of 
 the plan I propofe for the diftribution of the money ; which being now a very large fum, 
 fliould, I think, extend the bounty to all the Company's fettlements in general. 
 
 No, 7. 
 
 A Certificate of a Legacy left ly the late Nabob, Meer Mahomed Jaffer Caun, to the 
 Right Honourable Lord Clive, aimuvtiiig to Five Lacks of Rupees, in Money and 
 Effeiis. Given under the Hand and Seal of the Nabob, Najim ul Dowlah. 
 
 Place of the. 
 Signing. 
 
 Place of the 
 Seal. 
 
 MY late moft honoured father, venerable as Mecca (whofe offences 
 are wijied away) when he was alive, of found mind, and in the 
 full enjoyment of all his mortal faculties, after having appointed me 
 his fucceflbr, gave me repeated orders to the following purport : " Out 
 " of the whole money and efFefts which I have in my poffelfion, I have be- 
 " queathed the fum of three lacks, fifty thoufand rujiees in money — fifty 
 " thoufand rupees in jewels, and one lack in gold mohurs ; in all, five 
 " lacks of rupees, in money and effciSts, to tlic light of my eyes, the Nabob firm in war, 
 " Lord Clive, the hero — accordingly I have depoiited the aforefaid amount with my Lady 
 " Begum, and you will diftribute what remains, after the fcttlcment on your mother, the 
 " Lady Begum is paid, agreeable to the feveral proportions which I have allotted." In 
 wimcfs, therefore, to the truth of this promiie of the late Nabob, I have given thefe few 
 lines as a certificate that it may be fulfilled. 
 
 The above is a faithful tranflation from tlie Pcrfian original, under the hand and feal of 
 the Nabob, Najim ul Dowlah, — Witneis my hand this i6th day of January, 1767, 
 
 R. Maddison — Perfian Tranllator. 
 
 N\
 
 A P P E N D I X, No, 8, 9, 10. 
 No. 8. 
 
 A Certificate from the Lady Meny Bigum, U^ifi ti ALcr Mahomed "Jafficr Cawn, and Mother 
 
 to Najlm ul Dciilah. 
 
 H 
 
 I S Excellency the deccafed Nabob, when lie was alive, of found mind, and in the 
 full enjoyment of all his mortal faculties, gave me repeated orders 
 to tlic following purport : " Out of the whole money and cffefts 
 " which I have in my poflllfion, I have bcf]ueathcd the fum of three lacks, 
 " fifty thoufand rupees in money, fifty thoufand rupees in jewels, and one 
 " lack in gold mohurs ; in all, rive lacks of rupees in money and effcfts ; 
 " to the ligiit of my eyes, the Nabob firm in war. Lord Clive, the hero. 
 " — The remainder, after your marriage fcttlemcnt is paid, you will dif- 
 " tribute agreeable to the feveral proportions I have allotted." — In witnefs therefore to the 
 truth of this promife of the late Nabob, I have given thefe few lines as a certificate. 
 
 The above is a faithful and literal tranflation from the Perfian original, under the 
 feal of Meny Bigum, wife to Meer Mahomed Jaffier Cawn, &c. Witnefs my 
 band this i6th of January, 1767. 
 
 R. Maddison — Perfian Tranflator, 
 
 No. 9, ', 
 
 TH E Nabob, the hero of the empire, Meer Mahomed Jaffier Cawn, deceafed (whofe 
 offences arc wiped away) fell fiek a few days after his return from Calcutta to 
 Moorfhedabad, and his illnefs daily increafed upon him. When the Nabob (whofe 
 offences are done away) found that lie mufi take his departure from this mortal world, he at 
 that time gave orders to the Nabob, Nijim ul Dovvlah, That out of his whole ready money 
 he fhould pay to the Nabob, Lord Clivc, firm in war, the hero, the fum of five lacks of 
 rupees. 
 
 Place of the 
 Seal. 
 
 The above is a faithful and literal tranflation from the Perfian original, 
 under the feal of Meha-RajahNund-Komar : Witnefs my hand, this 
 i6th day of January, 1767. 
 
 R. Maddison, 
 
 Perfian Tranflator. 
 
 No. 10. 
 
 j1 Sketch of the Plan propofed by Lord Clive, for th; Difribution of the Legacy left to his Lord- 
 J)>ip l>y the Nabob, Meerjnffier, and of the Prefent from the Nabob, Syf-a-DowIah, in Aid of 
 his LordJhip''s intended fund. 
 
 TH E whole fum, amounting to eight lacks of ficca rupees, to remain in the Company's 
 treafury at Eort William, bearing the ufual intereft of 8 per Cent, per Annum. 
 
 The annual amount of intereft to be diftributcd in the manner undermentioned, to fuch 
 a number of officers, foldiers and widows, as the money will admit of, the propriety of 
 whole claims is to be fettled agreeably to the dates of their certificates. 
 
 No otficcr or foldicr is to be entitled to the bounty unlefs he be difabled by wounds, or 
 other accidents, or rendered incapable by age or length of fcrviccs. 
 
 No officer or foldicr is to be entitled to this bounty, who does not produce a certificate 
 from his commanding officer, of his being an invalid, and rendered incapable of further fer- 
 vice in India, together with an approbation of that certificate by the governor and council. 
 
 This bounty is only to extend to fuch officers as are obliged, through any of the misfor- 
 tunes above-mentioned, to returm to England in indigent circumftances ; every officer, there- 
 fore, applying for the bounty, muft make oath, in the moft Ibienm manner, before the go- 
 vernor and council, to the following purport, viz. 
 
 A Colonel, That he is not, in real and pcrfonal eftatc, poflicfred of 
 
 A Lieutenant Colonel 
 
 A Ma'ior 
 
 A Captain • 
 
 A Lieutenant 
 
 /■• 4,000 
 
 J, 
 
 000 
 
 2,500 
 
 2,000 
 
 1,000 
 
 750 
 
 D I S-
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. II, 12. 
 
 DISTRIBUTION. 
 
 To a Colonel £. 300 
 
 To a Lieutenant Colonel • 250 
 
 To a Major 200 
 
 To a Captain 150 
 
 To a Lieutenant 100 
 
 To an Enfign 70 
 
 To a Serjeant 20 
 
 To a Corporal ' 15 
 
 To a private Man — 10 
 
 The widows of all thofc officers and foldiers, who had penfions, are to enjoy one half of 
 the fame, fo long as they remain unmarried. 
 
 No. II, 
 
 To the Right Honourable Lord Clive. 
 From the Nabob No. 109. Received the 9th of June, 1765. 
 
 I Have been favoured with your letter, wherein you write that " there is a very large fum 
 " due to the merchants on account of the reftitution : that the monthly payments to 
 " the Company are fome lacks of rupees behind hand ; that the Company are diftreffed 
 " in their expences ; that the merchants fuffer great inconveniencies from being kept out of 
 " their money ; that you underftand I have a very large fum ready in my treafury ; and 
 " that you therefore dcfire I will fpecdily pay fix lacks of rupees." 
 
 It is not unknown to you how little I am, at this time, acquainted with the coUeflions 
 of the country. Be there a fmall or large fum ready in the public treafury, I know nothing 
 about it : With regard to the money which is in my houfe in Calcutta, and which you have 
 heard of, the late Nabob, at his departure out of this life, gave five lack to me, and the reft 
 to the Begum. By the bleffing of God, you are a man of juftice, and my elder brotlier ; 
 do whatloever may be your plcafure. 
 
 No, 12. 
 
 Tranjlation of a Letter from the Nabob, Nudj:tm ul Dowlah, to Alaharajah Nundcomar, dated 
 the 2jth of Shovjal, of the ']th year {the %th of April, 1766.) 
 
 I Had the pleafure to receive your letter and rejoice to hear of your welfare — Thank God, 
 I am alfo well. — I met Lord Clive (the Naliob Ameer al Momalik Sabut Jung Bahadre) 
 and General Carnac (Munfoor ul Muluk General Bahadre) at Plaffey, and they received 
 me very kindly. On the 24th inflant (tlie 5th of April) his Lordlhip, the General, and 
 Mr. Sykes, arrived at the Kella: the Begum, my mother, fent Hajec Saandut to call thofc 
 gentlemen to her; and after much foliciintlon, prevailed on them to accept from her a pa- 
 per under her feal, for five lacks of rupees in jewels, rupees, and gold mohurs ; this I have 
 written for your information. With regard to what you write me, that 1 Ihould make 
 known my requefts to his Lordfhip, through the General, I will follow your advice — but 
 NoLekiilcii Moonlhy, having waited on me about bufinefs, made many pvofeflions of fideli- 
 ty and attachment to nie, and then came, in a round-about manner to the point, and fpoke 
 much of the great confidence repokd in him by his Lordfhip — In fliort, from the tenor of 
 his convtrfation it appears, that there is no one in greater credit with his Lordfhip than he 
 is : Accordingly he faid to me, " Such of the Englifli counfellors and gentlemen of rank 
 " as were my friends, I have caufed to be raifed lo dignity and reputation by his Lordfhip, 
 " and Mr. George Gray, and other?, who through their pride and felf-luflicicncy, did not 
 " confidcr me, but bore an enmity towards me, them I have caufed to be in fuch a man- 
 " ner dif'credittd and debafcd, that they have been turned out of their cmployn.cnts, and 
 " are gone to Europe. — In like manner, Mr. Sumner, who was my enemy, 1 have caufed 
 " to be totally diiVegardcd and neglefted. As ins late Excellency looked upon me as a 
 " faithful dependant of his own, and fliewed me much favour, fo do you alU) regard me 
 " as one of your fcrvants and well-wifliers, and freely acquaint me with all your wants ; 
 " and by the bleifing of God, I will accomplifli them. I am your well-wi(hcr, and I will 
 " ilo for you what is not in the pov.er of any one ell'e." 
 
 As you, my friend, are much better acquainted, than I am, with the fituation of circum- 
 flances of pcifons in Calcutta, I beg you vviil fpeL-Jily inform me, whether what Nobekiflen 
 has been telling me of his own coniequcnce, and relative to Mr. Sumner and Mr. Gray, 
 
 &c.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 13. 
 
 iic. ii really true or not, and ipeedily give me your aJvice in wint manner I OioulJ 'uc- 
 havc to him, and what prclent 1 fliould make him — Akhough he protclFcs attachment fov 
 r.ie, and dcfires me to employ liim in the management of my concerns; yet Ui I am credi- 
 bly informed that he is clolliy conncdtvd with the Naih (M;:homcd Rcza Cawn) that the 
 NaiL has paid him very handlbmcly, and is ol'ten lending him various kinds of goods; and 
 he is in coaiequcnce fincciely attached to iiim, and is frequently engaged night and day in 
 confultation with him ; 1 therefore do not give any credit to the piofcfHons he makes me, 
 nor v.'iil I knowingly fuffer myfclf to be impofed upon. — Confidcr this matter maturclv, and 
 write me your advice concerning it, and 1 will aft accordingly. 
 
 No. 13, 
 
 Kind Sir and Brother, 
 
 I Received your pleafmg letter, and am acquainted witli the purport of it. Thanks be 
 to CJod, I am very well, and very glad to hear you arc the fame. — I had been as far as 
 Plaflly, in order to meet the Nabob Amccr al Momalik Sabut Jung B.ihader, and 
 Munfoor al Muluk General Bahadtr, whom God preferve ; and at lal 1 had tiie meet- 
 ings with great pleafure. On the 24th of this prelent month, Nabob Ameer al Momalik, 
 the General, and Mr. Sykes, cams into the caftle, and the Begum lent for tlicm by Hat^cc 
 Sadut. At laft they took a note of five lacks of rupees, in jewels, gold mohurs, and rupees, 
 under the fcal of the faid Begum ; which, after many pretexts was given to them, and they 
 received it after many excufes. I have written this to you in order to make you acquaint- 
 ed with it. 
 
 Kind Sir, as you wrote me to aequaint Nabob Lud Sahcb of my civcumflanccs, by means 
 of the Nabob General Bahadrc, I Iball aft in every thing agreeably to the advice of you, 
 my brother : but at this time Ncokifl'cn IvJar.lby has 'jcen with mo upon bufmsfs. After 
 fetting forth his good wlfncs and gratitude, he by t!ic way introduced the fubjcft of his in- 
 fluence and favour with the Nabob, Lud Sahcb, and expatiated much upon it. — By the 
 purport cf his converfation, 1 undcrflood that there is no perfon who has more power and 
 credit with the faid Nabob, than the faid Munfliy ; for, faid he, " I have given honour 
 " and exaltation before the faid Naboli, to all the counfellors and great Englim gentlemen, 
 " who bear a fricndlhip for me; and Mr. George (jray, and the reft, who with pride and 
 " infolence made no account of me, bat Lore me malice and hatred — I have got them lo 
 degraded and dilhonourcd, tlrat after being turned out of their pofls, they arc gone to Eu- 
 rope — In the lame manner Mr. Sumner, who was an enemy of mine, I caulcd him to 
 be lb dillikcd and di{\.rufted, that he became acquainted with the end of his power. Since 
 (Jcmah Ally) the late NaSob, looked upon mc as a well-willicr, aii.l one of liis own fer- 
 " v.-ints, and did me much favour and kindncfs. You alio, Sir, as the late Nabob did, will 
 " pleafe to regard me as one among the number of your fervants and well-wiihers, and or- 
 " der mc, without heiitation, any atTairs or bulinefs you may wifii for, and, with the 
 " blefling of God, it fliall be done agreeably to your willies ; and thofe Cervices to your 
 " government, which will be done by me, it \v\\l not be pofhblc for the power of any 
 " other," 
 
 Seeing that you, my friend, are better acquainted witli the men and fituation of that 
 place than I am, therefore I write you that wiiatever the faid Mimlhy has faid of his own 
 credit and power, his degra<ling and turning out Mr. George (iray, £<C; and rendering Mr. 
 Sumner defpicabie, if this is really faft, you will let me know foon, and whatever you judge 
 proper and fit to be done for the regard and favour of the faid Munibv, write it to mc. — 
 Kind Sir, although the faid Munlby pretends to be my well-wiflicr, and wants to manage 
 my bulincfs himfelf, neverthelefs, as it a]>pears certain to mc, from rrufty people, that the 
 faid Munfhy has a great regard and t'riendlhip for the Naib (meaning Mahcr.ud Rcza Cawn) 
 and the Naib has givm him fomething very handfomc, and is frcquenily fending goods and 
 things to him, and likcwife as the faid (Munfliy) with heart and foul attends to the good 
 of the laid Naib, and in this place is fitting with him often who'e dnys and nights, private- 
 ly confu'ting together ; on this account I cannot nit coniidcnce or tiull: in his woid<;, and 
 cannot be deceived with eyes open ; and therciorc, favourable Sir, having well wei;^iieil and 
 confidered this matter, whatever is proper advice, write mc that I may a£l accordingly. — 
 More : May the times be agreeable fj you. 
 
 E N 
 
 o.
 
 A P P E N D 1 X, No, H- 
 
 No. 14. 
 
 j^greementhetween the Eaji- India Company^ and the Right Honourable Lord 
 
 Clive. 
 
 THIS indenture, made the fixth day of April, in the tenth year of 
 the reign of our I'overeign Lord George the third, by the grace 
 of God, of Great Britain, France and Ireland, King, defender 
 of the faith ; and in the year of our lord one thoufand feven hundred and 
 feventy ; between the United Company of Merchants of England trading 
 to the Eaft-Indks, of the one part, and the Right Honourable Robert 
 Lord Clive, baron of PlalTey, in the kingdom of Ireland, and knight of 
 the moft honourable order of the Bath, of the other part : Whereas 
 Meer Mahomed Jaffier Cavvn, deceafed, late Nabob of the kingdom or 
 province of Bengal, did before his death, in the prefence of three wit- 
 neffes (to wit) Najim al Dovvla, his fon, Lady Begam, his wife, and 
 Mehah Rajah Nundcomar, according to the form and manner of tefta- 
 inentary afts ufed in that country, bequeath unto the faid Robert Lord 
 Clive, out of the monies and efFefts which the faid Nabob had in his 
 poffeffion, the fum of three lacks of rupees, 50,000 rupees in money, 
 50,000 rupees in jewels, and one lack in gold mohurs, in all five lacks 
 of rupees, as by the contents of the faid bequeft contained in three cer- 
 tificates, made by the aforefaid witncffes, in the Pefian language, and 
 the tranflations thereof into the Englifh language, now in the cuftody 
 of the laid Company, may more fully appear : And whereas at the time 
 of the faid Meer Jaffier's death, the faid Robert Lord Clive was at fea, 
 on his voyage from England to India, and after his arrival in the pro- 
 vince of Bengal, Najim al Dowla, eldeft fon of the faid Meer Jaffier, 
 did, agreeably to the commands of his laid father, pay to the faid Ro- 
 bert Lord Clive the faid five lacks of ficca rupees, of the value of 
 /.62,833. 6r. %d. Sterling, which the faid Robert Lord Clive paid in- 
 to the iaid Eaft-India Company's treafury at Calcutta, at different times, 
 in the year of our Lord one thoufand feven hundred and fixty-fix, and 
 thereupon notes were figned to his Lordlhip for the fame five lacks of 
 ficca rupees, carrying intereft after the late of ^. 8 per cent per annum 
 (lerling, until paid. And whereas the faid Robert Lord Clive, being 
 zcalou^ for the profperity of the faid Company, the fecurity of their 
 territories, and territorial revenues in India, belonging to them, and 
 their trade and commerce, which greatly depend on the bravery and 
 conduft of the faid Company's troops, and confidering that the ellab- 
 lifhment of a provifion for fuch of the officers and private men em- 
 ployed in the Company's fervice, a? fhould be difabled by age, war, or 
 dileafe contrafted during their fervice, would tend to induce fit penons 
 to enter into the faid fervice, and encourage the bravery of the foldiery 
 employed therein, hath propofed to the Court of Directors of the laid 
 United Company to appropriate the intereft of the faid five lacks of ru- 
 pees, for the fupport of a certain number of officers, non-ccmmiffion 
 officers, and private men, in the fervice of the faid Company, who 
 from wounds, length of fervice, or difeafes contra£\cd during their fer- 
 vice, were unable or unfit to ferve any longer, and whole fortunes 
 might be too fcanty to afford the officers a decent, and the private 
 men a comfortable, fubfiftencc, in their native country; and alio to 
 make fome provifion for the widows of fuch officers and private men as 
 fhould have been intitled to the faid bounty, or whofe hufbands fliould 
 have loft their lives in the faid United Company's fervice .• And where- 
 as Syf ul Dowlah, the prclent Nabob of Bengal aforefaid, hath given 
 to the faid United Company the fum of three lacks of rupees, as an 
 addition to the above-mentioned fund : And whereas the faid tliree lacks 
 of rupees were carried to account in the faid United Company's Treafu- 
 ry in the month of April one thoufand feven hundred and fixty-feven, 
 and the faid Company's note for tlie faid three lacks of ficca rupees, 
 amounting to the fum of ;^.37, 700. ftcrling, carrying intereft after the 
 rate of ^^.8. by the hundred, by the year, wasifiucd from the faid Com- 
 pany's treafury at Calcutta, payable to tiic faid Robert Lord Clive : And 
 whereas the faid Robert Lord Clive hath alfo propofed that the laid Court 
 of Direftors, and their Succcffors, fliall be perpetual truftces of the faid 
 fund of five lacks of rupees, as well as of the laid three lacks of rupees, 
 for the due application and appropriation of the inH;reft and prodice 
 
 thereof ;
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 14, 
 
 thereof ; which faid truft the faid Court of Dirciflvoii have conlcnted and 
 agreed to accept of : And whereas it has been agreed by and between 
 tlie laid Robert Lord Clivc, and the faid Court of Direilors, that the 
 faid eight lacks of rupees Hiall, from the twenty-ninth d.iy of Siptanbcr, 
 which vfas in the year of our Lord one tlioufand fcvcn hundred and fixty- 
 fix, carry intereft at and after the faid rate of jT.S. by the hundred, by 
 the year, upon and fubjcft to the fevcral trufls, conditions, agreements, 
 and provifoes liercinattcr mentioned : And wliercas the faid Robert Lord 
 Clive, in purfuance of tlic faid agreement, hath delivered up tlie faid 
 cafh notes for five lacks, and three lacks of rupees, to the faid Court of 
 Direftors, to be cancelled : Now this indenture witneflcth, that for the 
 better and more efre£lua'ly carrying the aforefaid agreement into execu- 
 tion, it is licreby mutually covenanted, concluded, declared, and agreed, 
 by and between the faid Robert Lord Clive, and the faid United Com- 
 pany, that the faid eight lacks of rupees fliall remain in the hands or Tlie eiglit I.icks to bear S 
 treafury of the faid United Company, who fliall yearly and every year, 
 
 at their houfc or office in Leadenhall Street, London, or in any otlier ^jn'"<:'>t°b<:paidmLoii- 
 houfe or place where the bufinefs of the faid Company fhall be tranfafted 
 and carried on, pay and allow the fum of ^.8,042. 13*. jSfd. of lawful 
 money of Great Britain, for and in lieu of inicreft of the faid eight lacks 
 of rupees, being after the rate of ^T. 8. by the hundred, by the year, 
 to fuch perfons, in fuch proportions, and for fuch purpofes as arc here- 
 inafter mentioned, of and concerning the fame. And it is further cove- 
 nanted, concluded, and agreed upon, between the faid parties, that the Court of Dirrflors and 
 Court of Direftors of the faid'United Company, and their fucceffors, 'l><-;r fu^ci-fTors to be perpc- 
 Inall be perpetual trultecs, fubjedt to the agreements and provifoes here- -xx^^. (fuj^ ^^ comtnencc 
 inafter contamed, of the faid fund of eight lacks of rupees, for the due from the 29th of September 
 application and appropriation of the intcrefl: and produce thereof, from '769- 
 the twenty-ninth day oi September l.crt paft, to and amongft, and for the To be for relief and main- 
 >• f 1 • r r ic J J- 1 J- 1 n 11 1 tenanceol EuropcanoScers 
 
 relief and maintenance of huropean Oihcers and loldiers, who Inall be- and foldicrs invalids or fu- 
 
 come invalids or fupcrannuated in the faid United Company's fervice, pcrannuated, their widows, 
 and of their widows, and alfo the widows of luch officers and foldiers aj or widows of officers and 
 Ihall die in the faid United Company's fervice, in the fliares, divi- f"';!,''^'-^Jyi",?inthefemce. 
 
 J J J .• r n • / t ..•■.. r \ -n ii ■ rr \ i Commiuioncd, uafr, or 
 
 dends and proportions following (that js to lay) lo all commillioncd and warrant officers to have 
 
 flaft or warrant officers, one moiety or half part of the ordinary flatcd half the ordinary ftatcd pa/ 
 
 pay they were refpeftively intitled to whilil in commiflion or fervice; they were entitled to whilft 
 
 to all ferjeants, corporals, and private men, the like pay is allowed and '" ''='".^i"- 
 
 payable to the out pcnfioners of the fame ranks or degrees belonging to priv'a?e"nln\ tKe pay" s 
 
 Chclfea Hofpital, and to the feveral widows of all luch officers and fol- the Chclfea pcnfioners of the 
 
 dicrs, one quarter or fourth part of the ordinary i^ated pay their refpec- f^mc degrees. 
 
 live huibands were intitled lo when in tlic faid United Company's fer- ^ Widows of officers and 
 
 t 1 J .1 ■ /• I J r ci- 1 loldiers one fourth of the 
 
 Vice, yearly and every year, during their jeveral and rcfpeaive natural ordinary ftated pay iheir 
 
 lives ; but it is declared, that the provilions hereby intended for fuch huibands enjoyed whilft in 
 widows, fhall be paid upon fuch certificates and teftimonials oiilv as the fervice; and to be paid year- 
 Court of Direaors for that time being Ihall think realbnable or neceffiiry '''' ?'"' "'cry year during 
 
 k, I I n 11 1 111- ..L • i- a.- their nauiral lives, 
 
 them thereunto, and fliall be payable during their iclpcaive widows ndmiued on fuch 
 
 widowiioods, but no longer ; and in cafe of their intermarriages, then tcftimonialsonlvasthecourc 
 
 fuch provifion fliall from thenceforth ccafc. Provided alwavs, and it is ofdireftors Ihall approve. 
 
 hereby further conclude<l and agreed upon, by aiul between the laid par- , '^° continue during wi- 
 
 •~r\ . a. r ij' • . 1 1 A, 11 1 .'..i 1. I . dowhoo", and no lonE'cr. 
 
 ties, 1 hat no otticer or loldier is to be orihall be entitlcdto any bounty No officer or foldie?to be 
 
 or provifion, under or by virtue of thefe prefents, unlets lie Ihall, in the admiucd, unlefsdifahlcJ bv 
 
 Judgment of the Court of Dircftors of the fnid United Company for the wounds, or rendered inca- 
 
 time being, be found difabled by wounds, or rendered incapable by age P^'"'^ '^y ^Z^ °} other acci- 
 
 ..1 1 . 1 1 r 1 ru II 1 .■ r . V 1 dents. 1 he directors to be 
 
 or other accidents, and unlcis lie Ihall produce a ccrtuicaie Irom and un- jmUj, 
 
 der the hand of his commanding officer, and of his being an invalid, and officers and foldiers mufl 
 rendered incapable of further fervice in Lidia, together with an approba- produce a ceniiicate from 
 tion of fuch certificate, by the goveraor and council of the prefidency their comruanding officer 
 where fuch officer fliall have ferved ; but neverthelefs if any officer or °/ ^, ^^ ''r''"X?71 i,' 1!! 
 
 ..,,,,, ) - ■ I- !• 1 ■ ■ r- ; J n 11 ^"'1' '"r krvice in India ; 
 
 loldier in the laid Company s krvice, rending or being in tnglarid, Hull and anapj-robation of fucU 
 apply to the faid Court of Direaors to be admitted to tiie laid bounty or certificate from the govcr- 
 provifion, the faid Court of Din-Cfors (hall admit fucii officer or foldicr I'r »,id council, 
 tiiercunto, if they fliall adjudge him to be a proper ol.jea of fuch boun- ,itioJ,!,'7n\reToimWs' 
 ty. Provide 1 alio, and it is hereby further concluded and agreed upon, fti vice, refilling in F.ngland 
 Tl'.at the bounty or provilion hereby intended for and in favour of the if thcv fliall judge iliein lit 
 faid officers, is only to extend to fuch of them as fliall be obliged, objcils. 
 through any of the misfortunes above-mentioned, to return to Englaml 
 in indigent circumftances ; and that all and every fuch officers applying 
 for the laid bounty, fhall, previous to tlicir becoming intitled thereto, 
 according to their levcral ranks or commiffions, Tir.ke oath in the iiioft 
 •blcinn rinnaer. before the rovcrnor and council, to the purport and 
 
 cffsa
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 14. 
 
 A Colonel muiUwcar he efFcft following (that is to fay) A colonel fliall l\vear that he or any per- 
 is not poifcircd of, or inti- f^j, or peii'ons in truft for him, is or are not feifed or pofielTed of, or in- 
 tlcil to real a;iJ pcrfonal ef- jjf[^.j ^j^jq ^jjy ^eal and perl'oaal eftate to the amount in value together 
 riL°uta"t ColtcUof Of ^.4,ooo.-A lieutenant colonel to the amount in value of ^.3,000. 
 3,oool. a .Majorot2,;ooi. — A major to the amount in value of ^.2,500. — A captain to the amount 
 a Captain of 2,000 1. a Lieu- in value of /.2,ooo. — A licuter . nt to the amount in value of /'.i,oqo. 
 tenant of i,oool. and an — ^^^ ^^ cnlign Or cornet to the amount in value of /'.750. And in cafe 
 Enfign o :,o . of the death of any officer of the ranks above-mentioned, in tlie faid 
 
 Widows muft lav before United Company's fcrvice, the widow of every fuch officer, before Jlie 
 the court fatisfaflory evi fhall be admitted to partake of the faid bounty or penfion, fhall produce 
 dcncc. that their rcfiKaive ^^^^ , y.^f^j^ l]^^. Court of Dircftors of the laid United Company, fucli 
 huftiands did not die worth . , •' . /i n r r ui -l 1 1 A. j j 
 
 tUc fuins above fpccified. evidence as to them ihall Icein icafonable, that her hulband, under 
 whom llie derives fucli claim, did not die feifed or polleired of real and 
 perfonal ellate to the amount herein before fjiccified, according to his 
 refpeftivc rank in the faid fervice. Provided neverthelefs, and it is fur- 
 ther concluded ami agreed upon. That the feveral perfons applying for 
 
 „ , . ., ,r I the bcneiil of the faid fund or bounty fliall be admitted and become inti- 
 To be inticleu trom tlic , , , ,• , ■ •■ r 1 • /- n- ■ t ■ r 
 
 times of their arrival in tied thereto, according to the times of their rclpettive arrivals in Lv.g- 
 
 England. land; and in cafe any difputcs or difFcrences (hall liappen or arifc, touch- 
 
 All difputcs or doubts jj,g or concerning the qualifications of perfons claiming right to penilons 
 concerning qualiucations of unj^i- theib prelents, Or the diftribution thereof, or the times of their 
 
 petitioners, diltnbution, or . ,- A- 1 • ^-.i 1 »i . j- 1 j-rc „ jt » (U w 
 
 tim.sofpavment.tobede- being rclpeaivcly HUitled thereto, luch differences Or dilputes fhall, 
 cided by the court of direc- from time to time, be decided and adjuftcd by the Court of Direftors 
 tors only. of the faid United Company, and not othcrwife. And whereas the inte- 
 
 Intereft on the eight lacks tefl due from the faid United Company, upon the faid cafli notes herein- 
 due igth September, 1769, before mentioned, amounted on the twenty-ninth day of September laft, 
 value 24,1281. tubecrected ^q j^g fytn of ^.24, 1 28 : Now it is liereby further concluded and agreed 
 into a capital, and to carry . , j^gt^yggn j^g jajj parties to thefe prefcnts. That the faid fum of 
 
 i,\. per cent, interelt trom w o ji 11 • • 1 1 1 r .1. r • j it •. i /-^ • i j- 
 
 that time. ;C--4>'^° *"'^'' r^f"^'" in t"^ hands ot the faid United Company in India, 
 
 and fliall be deemed and coafidcred as capital, and fhall carry intereft 
 from the faid twenty-ninth day ot September laft, at and after the rate 
 of /■.8 by the hundred, by the year, which interefl or yearly produce 
 thereof fliall be from time to time paid, difpofed of, and diflributed, by 
 the Court of Direftors of the faid United Company, for the time being, 
 . in the firfl place for the difc'iarging all incident charges and expences at- 
 be'^PP.™rSor?ll ind^^ tending carrying into execution^he t"und hereby cftabliflied, and fubjeft 
 dent expences of carrving thereto, unto and amongft luch objects of charity, belonging to the laid 
 tlie fund into execution, United Company's Military fcrvicc, or the widows or families of fucli , 
 
 andfor fuch obieftsofch.i- objefts as the laid Court of J^ireftcis fliall in their difcretions think fit. | 
 
 SrVl'S'widows or"f^^ Provided alfo, and the faid United Company do hereby covenant, pro- | 
 
 milies, as the court ihall iiiifc, and agree to and with the faid Rolsert Lord Clive, his executors, t 
 
 think fit. adniiniilrators, and afiigns. That in cafe the faid United Companv fhall t 
 
 If the Companv ihould ^t any time hereafter, by any means whattbever, otherwilc than by the 
 lofe, or part with their ter- fate of war, be difpoirefled, or deprived of, or part with their territorial 
 litorial poUeilioni in Ben- pofTeffions in Bengal, and the revenues arifing thereby, fo that the Jag- 
 gal, fo tliat Lord Cliyc s hire granted unto, and now enioycd by, the faid Robert Lord Clive, 
 
 la are fiiould ceale before r, n"' 1 • .1 • 11. ..1 j- ■ i rr -^ j <-< 
 
 ;i ,»r,„ , ,r.,.i u„nn nrif ihall, duruig the teriii agtccd upon between the faid United Company 
 
 tile term aijr^ta upon, 01 11 ' . i> ^ t • /-n- .- 1 • • 1 r 
 
 the Companv fhouUl ceafc and the laid Kooert Lord Clive, tor tlie continuation thereof, ceale to 
 
 to maintain a military torce be paid unto his faid Lordlhip, or his afiigns, or in cafe the faid United 
 
 in India belore 17S4, inei- Company fliall at anytime before the year of our Lord one thoufand I'even 
 
 th;r cafe the hvc lacks to , j 1 1 • 1 .. 1- r .. 1 j ^ • • 1 ■ • 
 
 be rcftored to Lord Clive hundred and cighty-tour, ceale to employ and maintain in iheir imme- 
 
 or his executors, but to be diate pay and fervicc, a military force in the Eafl- Indies, then and in 
 
 chargeable with their pro- either of the faid Cafes, the laid L^nited Company fliall and will forthwith 
 portion of all the nenhons ^^j^, ^Yic faid Robert Lord Clive, his executors, adminiflrators, or 
 
 aliened on the eis?ht lacks ^ ,ji . ^1 • . .- ■ f \ ^^ r ,- ■ 1 >i r w /• 1- r 11 
 
 srcncrallv ailigns, at their trealury in Calcutta atoreiaid, the full fum of five lacks 
 
 of ficca rupees, to and for his and their own proper uie and benefit, but 
 ful))eft nes-crthelefs with the interefl of the aforefaid three lacks of rupees 
 in the proportion the faid refpcftive fums bear to each other, to the pay- 
 ment of all fuch penfions and annuities as flial! at the time cither of the 
 aforcfaiil contingencies fliall happen, be payable out of or chargeable up- 
 on the faid truft fund ; which faid penfions and annuities it is hereby 
 fully underl\ood and agreed, fliall continue to be paid and payable out of 
 the intereft of the faid eight lacks of rupees, or fuch pnrt thereof as fhall 
 be wanting and necelTary, during the lives of the feveral perfons then in- 
 titled thereto. And it is hereby further concluded and agreed upon be- 
 tween tlie faid parties to thefe prefcnts, that in cafe, at any time after the 
 commencement of the faid year of our Lord one thouland leven hundred 
 
 ,, , „ , and ciehty-four, it fhall fo happen, that the laid United Companr fhall 
 
 If th.c Companv employ , => ■'.,. ' ^ . , • ' n. , 1 ,- • 1 1- yi r j- 
 
 no military foice'in India, "^^"^ "° military force in their actual pay and Icrvice in the iiaft-lndies ; 
 
 after 1-S4, the interefl of that then and in fuch cafe tl^c intereft and produce of the faid trift fund 
 
 of
 
 A P ? L i\ D 1 
 
 X, No. i-^ 
 
 of cigl't lacks of rupee?, fhall from thenceforth from time to time be ap- the eight Ucks to be appli- 
 
 pllcd, paid, and diftributed, towards the lupport, relief, and provifioli, ed for relict of officers, and 
 
 of Marine officers and fcanien, wlio Ihall become invalids or luperannua- f<=»ni=". invalidj, orfupcr- 
 
 tcd in the faid United Company's fervice, and the wi<Iows of fuch of^f^'^l^^^'^^f^tm'^.Ziu^ 
 
 them as lliail die in the laid fervice, during their refpcctive widowhoods in the ftrvice, during wi- 
 
 only, in fuch fhares and proportions, in manner or forjii, as, in cafe dowhood only. 
 
 fuch event fhall happen, Ihall be concluded and agreed upon between the 
 
 iaid United Company and the faid Robert Lord Clivc, or his legal re- 
 
 prcfentativc or reprclentaiives. And laftly, it is hereby exprefsly ftipu- 
 
 iated and agreed, and the faid United Company do hereby covenant with 
 
 the faid Robert Lord Clive, his executors, adminiftrators, and affigns, 
 
 that in cafe it fliall happen that the faid United Company, after the 
 
 commencement of the faid year of our Lord one thoufand Icven hundred 
 
 and eighty-four, fhall ceafe to employ a military force in their aftual If after 1784, the Com- 
 
 pay and lirrvice in the Eaft-Indics, and alfo Shi])s for carrying on their pany Ihall "afc to employ 
 
 trade and commerce, then and in fuch call, as foon as the faid event fliall '='*"Yi°°''.^ °[ *^dCl'"*^' 
 
 happen, the faid United Company fhall and will pay unto the faid Ro- or"^ his"cxccutori.rtlie live 
 
 bert Lord Clivc, his executors, adminiftrators, or affigns, for his and lacks, chargeable with the 
 
 their own ufe, at their treafury in Calcutta aforefaid, the full lum of P">f'0"' 'h^t n>ay then be 
 
 live lacks of ficca rupees, but fubjedl neverthelefa with the intercft of the "?°" ''''^"'" 
 
 faid three laeks of rupees, in the proportion the faid fums bear to each 
 
 other, to the payment of all fuch pcnfions and annuities, for the lives of 
 
 the perlons then intitled thereto only, as Ihall at the time fuch event 
 
 fhall happen be payable out of, or chargenble upon the faid truft fund, 
 
 according to the true intent and meaninc; of thefe prcfents. In witnefs 
 
 whereof the faid United Company have hereunto affixed their common 
 
 feal, and the faid Robert Lord Clive hath fet his hand and leal, the day 
 
 and year hrft above written. 
 
 (Company's Seal.) 
 
 (L. S.) Clivc 
 
 Scaled and delivered, being firft 
 duly ftnmptj by the within 
 named Robert Lord Clivc, 
 in the prcfcncc of 
 
 Richard Holt, 
 TuoMAs Morton'. 
 
 General Regulations for tratifacltng the Bufmcfs of the Military Fund. 
 
 At a Court of Directors of the Eajl-India Company^ October 3, 1770; 
 
 The Court, having taken into coniideration the covenant between the 
 Eaft-India Company and the Right Honourable Lord Clive, for eftab- 
 lifliing a fund for the relief of European officers and foldiers, invalids or 
 fbpcrannuatedj their widowi and the widows of officers and foldiers dying 
 in the fervice, refolved. That the following rules and regulations, founded 
 on the faid deed, and as nearly conformable as the nature of it will ad- 
 mit, to the regulations for paying the Chelfea pcnfioners, are proper to 
 he obfervcd in tranfafting the bulinefs of this fund ; and that the pay- 
 mafter thereof do govern himfelf thereby, in paying fuch pcnfions as ihall 
 be affigncd upon the fame. 
 
 I. 
 
 That every petitioning officer and foldier lliall produce a certificate 
 from his commanding officer, of his being an invalid, and rendered in- 
 capable of further fervice in India, together with an approbation of fuch 
 certificate, by the governor and council of the prcfidcncy where fuch 
 officer or foldier fliall have lervcd. 
 
 IL 
 That every commiffioned officer fhall previoudy make oath before the 
 governor and council, viz. a colonel, that he or any perlbn in truft for 
 him is not porfeftcd of, or intitled to, real and perlonal eftate to the value 
 n( £./lfOQO — A lieutenant colonel of /■.3COC — A major of /.ifco — A 
 captain of /".coco — A lieatenant of /". looo — and aa cnlign of X.'.-'O- 
 
 F "^ III. 
 
 Taken from the Deed. 
 
 Taken from the Deed.
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 14. 
 
 Taken from th« Deed. 
 
 The King's artillery are 
 paiil in tliLs manner. 
 
 Tlie fame pav as tlie Clicl- 
 fca penlioners receive. 
 
 Taken from the Deed. 
 
 Tlie King's officers are 
 paid in a firailar manner. 
 
 The Chelfea penfioners 
 are paid in this manner. 
 
 The fame regulations as 
 is obferved ar Chelfea. 
 
 Pounded upon the Chel- 
 fea reirulations. 
 
 This anfwers to tlie cer- 
 tified copy of their difcharge 
 given to the Clielfea penfi- 
 oners on admilTion. 
 
 The fame rule is obferved 
 with the Chelfea penfioners. 
 
 The rule at Chelfci. 
 
 Taken from the Deed 
 
 III. 
 
 That all commiflioned, ftaff or warrant officers (hall have half the or- 
 dinary ftated pay they enjoyed whilft in fervice. 
 
 IV. 
 
 That ferjeants belonging to the Artillery (hall receive nine-pence per 
 day, and fuch as have loft a limb one fhllling per day : private men of 
 the Artillery (ix-pence per day, and luch as lol'c a limb nine-pence per 
 day. 
 
 V. 
 
 That all other non-commifiioned o(!icers and private men (hall have 
 four-pence three-farthings per day. . 
 
 VI. 
 
 That all officers and private men (hall be intitled from the times of 
 their refpeflive debarkations in England. 
 
 VII. 
 
 That commiflioned officers (hall only be paid as their penfions become 
 due^ and fhall receive at the Company's office in London only, either in 
 perlon, or by power of Attorney, half-yearly at Midfummer and at 
 Chriftmas. 
 
 VIII. 
 
 That non-commiffioned officers and private men fhall, immediately 
 upon admilhon, be paid in advance for the remaining number of days of 
 the current half year, and at the expiration thereof every fucceeding half 
 year in advance. 
 
 IX. 
 
 That non-commiffioned officers and private men, reliding within 
 twenty-five miles of London, fliall be paid at the Company's office in 
 London, and not otherwife. 
 
 X. 
 
 That fuch non-commillioned officers and private men as refide at a 
 greater diftance from London, or in Scotland or Ireland, be paid at fuch 
 times, by fuch perlbns, and in fuch manner, as the Court of Direftors 
 Ihall, from time to time, tind convenient, in perlon and not otherwife. 
 
 XL 
 
 That non-commiffioned officers and private men (hall receive on ad- 
 miffion a certificate thereof, iigned by the paymafter of this fund, con- 
 taining a defcription of fuch pcnfioner, his age, and other particulars; 
 which certificate the penfioners fhall exhibit to the perlbns dlrefted to 
 pay them, each time of payment, and no penfion fhall be paid, unlefi 
 this certificate is produced by the penfioner. 
 
 XII. 
 
 Tl'.at country penfioners fliall receive in advance for the firft: half year, 
 from Midfummer or Chriftmas next enfuing the date of their admiffion, 
 on producing the above certificate only to the perlbns appointed to pay 
 them; but immediately after receiving luch firft half-yearly payment, 
 every penfioner fliall make two affidavits of the fame tenor and date, 
 before a Magiftrate, conformably to tiie printed inftruftions he fhall 
 receive from the paymafter of this fund ; one of which affidavits niuft 
 be tranlmitted to the faid paymafter in London, in fuch manner as the 
 Court of Direftors fliall from time to time direft; the other muft be ex- 
 I'.ibited to the perlon that Ihall be empowered to pay him, together with 
 the penfioner's certificate of adinillion, which vouchers will intitle fuch 
 penfioner to receive again in advance, at tiie expiration of the half year. 
 Thefe affidavits muft be repeated, and lent to London twice a year, 
 immediately after Midfummer and Chriftmas. 
 
 XIIL 
 
 That no penfioner fliall he paid in the Country, unlefs the above- 
 mentioned alhdavit has been timely received by the paymafter of tRis 
 fund in London. 
 
 XIV. 
 
 That if a penfioner does not appear to claim his penfion for three half 
 years, he (hall be confidercd as dead, and his name be omitted in the 
 
 half-
 
 APPENDIX, No. 14. 
 
 half-yearly warrant ; but if fuch peniioner (hall afterwards appear per- 
 fonally at the Company's office in London, or furnifli fatisfadlory proof 
 otherwife to the Court of Dircftors of liis being alive, he fhall again be 
 put on the lift, and receive all arrears. 
 
 XV. 
 
 That widows of commiflioned officers muft lay before the court fuch Taken from the D;sJ. 
 evidence as to them Ihall feem rcal'onable, thni their hufbands, under 
 whom they derive their claim, did not die poirtifed cf real and pcrfon.il 
 cftate to the amount fpccified in regulation the kcond, according to their 
 rclpcilivc ranks in the fervice. 
 
 XVI. 
 
 Tiiat widows of commiffioncd officers be paid in peifon, or by power Tlie fame as the officer', 
 of Attorney, at the Company's office in London only. 
 
 xvn. 
 
 That widows of non-commiflioned officers and ptivatc men (hall prove 
 their marriage to the fatisfaftion of the Court of Dircftors. 
 
 xvm. 
 
 That widows of non-commiffioned officers and private men, rcfiding 
 within twenty-five miles of London, fliall be paid at the Company's office 
 in London only; and thofe who live at a greater diftance Ihall be paid in 
 the fame manner, and upon the fame half-yearly affidavits, as the men; 
 and in either cafe tlicy fliall receive in perfon, and not otlierwlfc, as in 
 articles XL and XIL 
 
 XIX. 
 
 That the penfions granted to widows fliall continue during their v/i- 
 -tlowhood, and no longer. 
 
 XX. 
 
 That the penfions of commlffioned officers and their widows fliall be 
 paid neat, without any fee or deduftion whatever. 
 
 XXI. 
 
 That the penfions of fuch non-commiflioned officers, and their widows 
 as receive in perfon, in London, Ihall be paid neat, without any fee or 
 deduftion whatever. 
 
 XXII. 
 
 That fuch of the non-commiffioned officers and private men, and fuch 
 of their widows, as are paid in the country, fhall each time allow one 
 fhilling to the perfon that pays them, for his trouble. 
 
 XXIIL 
 
 That in cafes of infanity, fatisfaftory proof be made thereof to the 
 Court of Direftors, and the penfion paid to a churchwarden, in behalf 
 ot the parilh, towards the penfioner's fubfiflcnce. 
 
 InJlru£iions for the Pi-nfuners on the Fund ejlablijhed for Relief of the Honourable Eaji- India 
 
 Company's A^ititaiy, (Jc. 
 
 All nr>n commiffion officers and private foldiers admitted penfioncrs on the above fund, re- 
 fiding within twenty-five miles of London, muft receive in perfon at the Company's office 
 there ; arid fuch as live at a greater diftance from London than twenty-five miles, as well as 
 thofe in Scotland and Ireland, arc hereby required and direfteti, that early in tin- months of 
 April and Oftobcr, every year, they do apply themfelvcs to one of his Majefty's jufticcs of the 
 pence, in the neighbourhood where they rcfide, and make two affiihivits of tlie lollowing te- 
 nor, and of one date, which affidavits the Court of Dircftors of the Laft-India Company rc- 
 queft the fald magiftrate to lign and date, viz, 
 
 came before me, 
 on^ of his Majefty's juftices of the peace for the county of 
 
 :uvl made cath tliat he was atlmittcd a pcnfioncr on the military fund of the honourable Eaft- 
 India Comi'iny, the day of 17 was then aged about years, 
 
 and was difcharged for ' and 
 
 r )\v llvjs ill th'.- pciilfli of in the county of 
 
 Sworn Ixfore me, this day of 17 
 
 One
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 15. 
 
 One of t'ue two affiJavits drawn according to the above forni fvvcrn before, dated ind attcfted 
 bv a magiftrate, is to be lent by the General poft, dlreded (till further orders) " To the pay- 
 "' mafter of the honourable Eaft-India Company's military fund, at the Eaft-India Houie, 
 " London ;" the other affidavit, ©f the fame tenor and date, the penfionsr mufl: keep to Ihcw, 
 too'eiher witli his certificate of admifTion, figned by the paymafler, to the perfon wlio fhall be 
 empowered to pay him in the country. 
 
 The above-mentioned affidavits muft be made and tranfmittcd to London in April and in Oc- 
 tober, fo as to be received by the Company's paymafter full two months before the 25th of 
 June and the 25th of December refpcflively. They muft be drawn on one piece of paper, big 
 enough to fold up in the form of a letter, and the above direftion wrote on the back thereof, 
 to avoid unneceffary expcncc of poftage. 
 
 No pcnfioner will be paid unlel's the above-mentioned affidavit has been timely received, twice 
 a year, by the paymafler of this fund in London ; nor unlcfs the other affidavit of the fame date 
 as well as the certificate of admiffion, are produced by the penlioner every time of payment. 
 
 All penfioners are to take particular notice, that neither the whole, nor any part of their 
 penfion money will be paid at any time, nor under any pretence whatever, to any other perfon 
 br pcrfons than thcmfelvcs only ; confequently they cannot commiffion or empower any one to 
 receive for them ; and no receipts, acknowledgements, or affignmtnts for money, any penfioner 
 may borrow on his penfion, will be difchargcd, or paid any regard to, by the paymafter of this 
 fund. But proper care will be taken that the penfioners themfelves fhall be regularly paid twice 
 a year, in whatever part of England, Scotland, or Ireland, they may refide, provided they 
 duly ohfcrvc the orders and dircftions contained in thefe inftiuftions. 
 
 Every pcnfioner who receives in the country, is to allow one fliilling each time of payment, 
 to the perfon he is paid by. 
 
 No. 15. 
 
 Moorfhcdabad, 17th December, i'70. 
 
 At a Confultation; PRESENT, 
 
 Richard Becher, Efquirc, Prefident, 
 James Lawrell, and 
 John Graham Efquires. 
 
 From the Beghutil. 
 
 THE reafon of the Nabob Muzzer Jung's enmity and refentnicnt is this ; when Lord 
 Clive came up the country he borrowed the fum of fix lacks of rupees for which he gavs 
 a Tuncawn Muzzafer Jung, three lacks of which having difcharged to me, I paid it to 
 Syf ul Dowlah, which has exalted his difpleafure ; and the remaining three lacks due on that 
 account, as well as two lacks of the prclcnt arrears, he procraftinates payment of; and in order 
 to link this money for his own benefit, has bound his loins with enmity, to the utter ruin of 
 my affairs, and to involve me in difgrace and contempt : you will pleafe to confider, gentlemen, 
 what the Nabob, Sabut Jung (Lord Clive) alTigned for the lupport of my honour and credit ; 
 who is he that oppofes and counterafts his decrees ? As I am acquainted with the affairs of the 
 houfliold ; fearful of difcovery, he has placed me in obfcurity, and appointed ignorant people to 
 authority, who have lengthened the hand of ufurpation upon the trealure and jewels. The reafon 
 1 have not before reprefented my fituation is, the Nabob MuzzufFcr Jung's accompanying Mr. 
 Becher, when lie came to vilit me, by which means I was deprived of an opportunity of I'pcak- 
 ing witli him ; but fince, to my good fortune, Mr. Reed, Mr. Lawrell, and Mr. Graham are 
 now arrived, and in their vilit adminiftercd me comfort : I eftecmed it the luckleft of moments; 
 and, after having lent away Mobarek ul Dowlah, who at other times never came near me, 
 and only accompanied the gentlemen at the incitement of my enemies, I revealed to them par- 
 ticularly the unealinefs of my heart. For your information I have likewiic now wrote you the 
 particulars of my cafe, in hopes tliat you will yield me redrefs, othcrwife 1 fwear by God and 
 Jefus Chrift, that I will leave Moorlhedabad to go to the committee, becaufc living in this dif- 
 grace is woric tl-.an death. 
 
 At a Confultation at Moorfhcdabad the 3d of January, 1771; PRESENT, 
 
 Meffieurs [-l'"^" L^r'"' ^''^"^''''' 
 [John Graham. 
 
 TheNaib Subah delivers in the following anfwer to the reprefentation of Mhunny Begum : 
 
 The affair of the fix lacks of rupees is this : In the time of Nudium ul Dowlah, Lord 
 Clive, througlj my means, borrowed of him fix lacks of rupees in Calcutta, and dlrefted 
 
 me 
 
 » 
 I 
 
 I
 
 APPENDIX, No. :6, 17, 18. 
 
 me to repay it from tlic KhaKah. After Nudjum ul Dowlah's death, before my depar- 
 ture to Azimabad, I accordingly granted a Tuncaw for this inm, three lacks of which 
 were paid and lodged in the Mchalferai of Mhunny Begum ; but on meeting Lord Clivc 
 at Mongheer, on his way down from the prefence, he informed me of his having paid three 
 lacks as Piflicalh, on procuring Sunauds for the appointment of Syf ul Dowlah to the 
 Mufnud, and direfted me to write an order not to difcharge the balance of the Tuncaw, 
 which has been infertcd in the King's accounts with Syf ul Dowlah. 
 
 No. 16. 
 
 Extraii of a Letter from the Right Honourable Lord Clive to the Committees of Trcnfury and 
 
 Correfpondencey dated 2^th Augujl 1767. 
 
 Par- 33- I ) EFORE I conclude, you will permit me to fugged to you the expediency 
 |~^ of fettling, as foon as poflible, the legacy of five lacks of rupees left to me 
 -■ — by the Nabob Jalfier Ally Cawn, m the manner I propofed in my letters to 
 the Council at Fort William, dated 8th April 17^6, and 19th January 1767, viz. as a fund 
 for tlie maintenance of officers and foldiers dlfabled or fuperannuated in the Company's fer- 
 vicc, and likewifc for their widows. The donation of three lacks from the prel'ent Nabob 
 in aid of that fund will allow the bounty to be extended to all your fcttlcments in general, 
 and I think that its being finally regulated and publicly known, will greatly tend to the 
 fpccdy fupplv, as well as encouragement of the officers and men now wanting to complete 
 your Military eftablifhment, on any day you may be plcafed to appoint. 1 will fend my 
 lawyers to confer with yours upon the fubje£l, and adjuft every ncceffary regulation for thG 
 propofed penfions without delay. 
 
 No. ly. 
 
 Berkley Square, 1 6th January 1768. 
 Gentlemen, 
 
 YOU arc not unacquainted with the fund which I propofe to eftablifli for the mainte- 
 nance of fuperannuated and invalided officers an«l foldiers, and their widows. In my 
 letter to the Committees of correlpondcnce and treafury of the 28th of Augufl lait 
 (an extraft of which I enclofe) I exprcircd my delirc that the regulations might be fpcedily 
 fettled ; but having not received any anfwcr from them, I now think proper to addiefs you 
 upon this fubjcd. My idea, you >vill obferve, was, that the Court of Directors fliould be 
 truftess for the fund. What I have at prefent to requcft, is, that you would be pleafed to 
 fignify to mc your refolution to undertake, or to decline this truft; more efpecialiy as I am 
 under an immediate neceffity of going abroad for my Jiealth, and feveral proper obicds have 
 petitioned mc for the penfion. Tlie advantages to tlic Company's fervice, as well as the hap- 
 pinefs of individuals, arc fo intimately conncfted with the execution of this plan, that I 
 cannot but be impatient to fe« it completed. 
 
 1 have the honour to be, with great refpeft. 
 To the honourable the Court of Gentlemen, 
 
 Dircftors for affairs of the honourable Your mofl obedient humble fcrvant, 
 
 United Company of Merchants of 
 England trading to the Eafl-Indies. C L i v E. 
 
 No. 18. 
 
 CASE. 
 
 AT the unanimous rcqueft of a General Court of Proprietors of Eafl-Ir.dia Stock, Lord 
 Clivc accepted the government of Bengal in May 1764; and in conformity to a new 
 regulation in that Month propofed and eftablilhcd, executed covenants with the 
 Eafl-lndia Company before he left England : The form of which is hereunto annexed, No. 
 r, and 2. 
 
 Lord Clive failed from England the 4th of June 1764, and arrived in Bengal the 3d of 
 May 1765. 
 
 Tlie Naboi> of Bengal, Mecr Mahomed Jafficr Cawn, by a verbal will (copies of the 
 atteffations whereof arc hereunto annexed. No. 3, 4, and 5,) left to Lord Clive a leo-acy of 
 five lack of rupees, in tcftiinony of the great regard and friendfhip he had for Lord 
 Clive, and in gratitude for the many important I'crvices formerly rendered the Nabob by his 
 Lordfhip. 
 
 G The
 
 A P P E N D I X, No. 19. 
 
 The Nabob died the 5th of February 1765 ; Lord Clive being then on his Voyage could 
 have no knowledge of the Nabob's intention, nor can any lufpicion arife by his Lordfhip 
 having influenced the Nabob in his favour. 
 
 Although Lord Clive might have declined accepting the donation until he had been out of 
 the fervice, when the covenant could not bind him, yet he immediately accepted it with a 
 declared purpofe to eftablifh the fame as a fund for the fupport of invalid of&cers and fol- 
 diers in the Company's fervice, and their widows, and offered to confirm the fund by a pro- 
 per infliument or deed of gift for ever, agreeable to the due forms of law, unlefs the Com- 
 pany fliould claim and be able to prove a right to the legacy under the above-mentioned co- 
 venants, or othervvife. Copies and extrafts. of letters, and other papers relating to this mat- 
 ter, arc alfo herewith left for your confideration. No. 6. 
 
 If Lord Clive had not accepted the government of Bengal, the Eaft-Indla Company could 
 not have had any pretence to claim this legacy. And though Lord Clive was aftually governor 
 and prcfidcnt at the time he accepted it, yet neither his offices, nor the pay or emoluments 
 belonging to them, commenced till his arrival in Bengal, although the Company paid the 
 expenccs of his paffage thither; and as the bounty intended by the Nabob to Lord Clive wa« 
 a teftamentary aft out of perfonal icgard for him, and for fervices rendered the Nabob 
 fevera! years before the covenant fubfifled, and as his LordiTiip was not, at the time it was 
 given, in the aftual excrcifc of either of the offices to which he was appointed, your opinion 
 is defired. 
 
 Whether Lord Clive, under the circumftanccs of tliis cafe, is entitled to the above- 
 mentioned legacy without the confent of the Court of Direftors of the Eaft-India 
 Company. 
 
 I am of opinion tliat Lord Clive, under the circumftances of this cafe, is entitled to the 
 above-mentioned legacy, without the confent of the Court of Direftors of the Eaft-India 
 Company ; and that the covenants could never be intended to reftrain thofe who executed 
 them from receiving a legacy left (as in the prefent inftance) as an honourable mark of 
 gratitude, friendfhip, and efteem. 
 
 Fletcher Norton, 
 Lincoln's Inn, 6th May, 1769. 
 
 No. I 9. 
 
 ExtraH of the Company's General Letter t» Bengal^ dated the idth of March 1768. 
 
 1 36. A L T H O U G H we are of opinion that by the fpirit of the covenants entered into 
 /- % by Lord Clive, he could not accept of the legacy bequeathed him by the Nabob 
 -^ -^ Meer Jaffier, without our confent ; yet conlidering the benevolent purpofes to 
 which his Lordfhip intends it to be applied, we do permit him to accept the fame for the 
 ufes propofed .- And we fhall upon his Lordihip's return from abroad, confider of fuch fur- 
 ther meafures as may be proper for carrying the fame into execution ; which will be com- 
 municated to you in our next advices. 
 
 137. It is with great plcafure we obferve the Nabob has given the fum of three lacks to- 
 wards the extenfion of this beneficent defign ; and he is to be acquainted, it gives us the 
 ftrongeft impreffions of his gcnerofity. 
 
 No,
 
 APPENDIX No. 
 
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 A P P E N D I X, No. 21 ,2%. 
 No. 2 1. 
 
 T 
 
 HIS is to certify, That on the twelftli day of 0£lober, in the year of our Lord 
 one thoufand fevcn hundred and iixty-fix, Mr. Simeon Droz did appear before me 
 Samuel Middleton, one of his Majefty's Jufticcs of the peace for the Town of 
 
 Calcutta, and diftrifts thereof, at the Englilh I'aftory Houfe in Patna, and make oath to 
 the following efftft : - ■ 
 
 " That immediately after the demife of the Nabob Jaffier Aly Khan, late Suba of the 
 " kingdom of Bengal and provinces of Bahar and Orixa, lie, to the beft of his recoUeftion 
 " (an I knowledge at that time in the Hindoftan language) did hear Maharage Nundcomar, 
 " then Duan of the provinces, declare to Captain John Stables, and fome other gentlemen, 
 *' in Moradbaug gardens, that the Nabob, a few moments before his death, earneftly and 
 " repeatedly urged Nabob Nezam ul Dowlah his fon, and the faid Duan, to prefent to the 
 " Right honourable Lord Clivc, on his arrival in Bengal, the fum of five lack of rupees, as 
 " a teftimony of his regard for himj he (the faid Jaffier Aly Khan) adding tliat had he lived 
 
 " till his Lordfliip's arrival, 
 " lacks of rupees to him "" 
 
 'twas his intention to offer the above-mentioned fum of five 
 
 " Samuel Middleton." 
 
 No. 22. 
 
 I 
 
 My Lord, 
 WAS this day honoured with your letter of the 4th inftant. 
 
 Your Lordfliip was mifinformed with regard to my being prefent when Myr Jaffier di- 
 refted the fum of five lacks of rupees to be paid to you by way of legacy. — I only hap- 
 pened to be prefent when Nundcomar mentioned the circumftance to Captain Stables, and 
 lome other gentlemen, at Moradbaug. 
 
 I herewith enclofe to your Lordfhip my depofition upon oath, made before Mr. Middleton 
 wherein I have fully declared all that came to my knowledge relative to this matter. ^ 
 
 I am, with great refpeft, 
 My Lord, 
 Patna. Your very obedient, and 
 
 Oftober 12th 1766. Moft humble fervant, 
 
 Simeon Droz. 
 The Right honourable Lord Clive. 
 
 %* COMPLETE SETS cf the Reports of the Select and Secket Commit- 
 tees, may now be had, ttniformiy Printed in the fame Size, of T. EvANS, No. 54, 
 Pat^rno/ier-RsiVy and W, Davis, the Carnrr of SackviUe-Streit, Piccadilly. 

 
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